Jain Dharm

Author(s): Sampurnanand, Kailashchandra Shastri
Publisher: Bharatiya Digambar Jain Sahitya
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010096/1

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bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha pustakamAlA kA dUsarA puSpa jaina dharma jaina dharmake itihAsa, siddhAnta, AcAra, sAhitya, kalA, purAtatva, pantha, parva, tIrthakSetra AdikA prAmANika paricaya bhUmikA lekhaka zrI sampUrNAnanda mukhyamaMtrI uttara pradeza lekhaka zrI kailAzacandra zAstrI pradhAnAdhyApaka zrI syAdvAda di0 jaina mahAvidyAlaya kANI

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rAma - maMtrI sAhitya vibhAga bhA0 vi0 jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA prathama satkaraNa 1948 eka hajAra dvitIya , 1646 do hajAra tRtIya , 1955 do hajAra mUlya cAra rupaye [sarvAdhikAra surakSita] mudraka :paM0 pudInAtha bhArgava, bhArgava bhUSaNa presa, gAyaghATa, banArasa

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prAkkathana maijainadharmakA anuyAyI nahIM hUM, isalie jaba zrI kailAzacana jainane mujhase jainadharmakA prAkkathana likhaneko kahA to mujhako una saGkoca huaa| parantu pustaka par3ha jAnepara saGkoca svata. dUra ho gayA / yaha aisI pustaka hai jisakA prAkkathana likhaneme apaneko prasannatA hota hai| choTI hote hue bhI isameM jainadharmake sambandhakI sabhI mukhya bAta. samAveza kara diyA gayA hai / aisI pustakoMmeM, svamata sthApanake sAtha sAra, kahI kahI paramata doSoko dikhalAnA anivArya-sA ho jAtA hai| kama se-kama apane matake AlocakoMkI AlocanA to karanI hI par3atI hai| prastuta pustakame, syAdvAdake sambandhameM zrIzaGkarAcAryAne lekhakaka' sammatimeM isa siddhAntake samajhaneme jo bhUla kI hai usakI bhora saGka kiyA gayA hai / parantu kahI bhI ziSTatAkA ullaGghana nahI hone pAyaH hai| Aja kala hama bhAratIya isa bAtako bhUla se gaye hai ki gambhIra, viSayoMke pratipAdaname abhadra bhASAkA prayoga nindha hai aura siddhAntakA khaNDana siddhAntIpara kIcar3a uchAle vinA bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha pustaka isa viSayameM anukaraNIya apavAda hai| bhAratIya saMskRtika saMvarddhanameM una logoMne ullekhya bhAga liyA ha jinako jaina zAstrose mUrti prApta huI thii| vAstukalA, mUrtikalA, vADamaya-savapara hI jaina vicAroMkI gahirI chApa hai| jaina vidvAnoM aura zrAvakoMne jisa prANapaNase apane zAstroMkI rakSA kI thI vaha hamAre iti

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zAsakI amara kahAnI hai| isalie jaina vicAradhArAkA paricaya zikSita mudAyako honA hI caahiye| kucha bAte aisI hai jiname jainiyoko vabhAvata. vizeSa abhiruci hogii| digamvara-zvetAmbara vivAdame savako vArasya nahIM ho sakatA aura na saba logoko una khAdyAkhAdya vratAdike nayamopaniyamokI jAnakArIkI vizeSa avazyakatA hai| parantu jo loga carma aura darzanakA adhyayana karate hai unako yaha to jAnanA hI cAhiye ke Izvara, jIva, jagat, mokSa jaise praznoke sambandha jaina AcAryone jyA kahA hai| vizeSa aura vistRta adhyayanake lie to bar3e graMthoMko dekhanA hI hogA parantu prArambhika jJAnake lie yaha choTI-sI pustaka bahuta upayogI hai| jaina darzana jagatko satya mAnatA hai| yaha vAta zAGkara advaitavAdake viruddha to hai parantu Astika vicAradhArAse asagata nahIM hai| usakA anIzvaravAdI honA bhI svata. nindya nahIM hai| parama Astika sAkhya aura mImAMsA zAstroMke pravartakoMko bhI Izvarako sattA svIkAra karanemeM anAvazyaka gauravakI pratIti hotI hai| vedako pramANa na mAnaneke / kAraNa jaina darzanakI gaNanA nAstika vicAra zAstroMmeM hai parantu karmasiddhAnta, punarjanma, tapa, yoga, devAdi vigrahomeM vizvAsa jaisI kaI aisI bAteM hai jo thor3ese ulaTapherake sAtha bhAratIya Astika darzano tathA vauddha aura jaina darzanokI samAnarUpase sampatti hai| ina sabakA udgama eka hai / Arya jAtine apane mUla puruSose jo AdhyAtmika dAya pAyA thA usakI pahilI abhivyakti upaniSadome huii| dezakAlake bhedase kiJcit naye paridhAna dhAraNa karake phira vahI vastu hamako mahAvIra aura gautamake dvArA prApta huii|

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anekAntavAda yA saptabhaGgI nyAya jaina darzanakA mukhya siddhAnta hai pratyeka padArthake jo sAta 'anta' yA svarUpa jaina zAstroM meM kahe gaye hai unako ThIka usI rUpase svIkAra karanemeM Apatti ho sakatI hai| kucha vidvAn bhI sAtame kuchako gauNa mAnate hai / sAdhAraNa manuSyako yaha samajhane me kaThinAI hotI hai ki eka hI vastuke lie eka hI samaya meM hai aura nahI hai dono bAte kaise kahI jA sakatI hai / parantu kaThinAIka hote hue bhI vastusthiti to aisI hI hai| jo lekhanI mere hAthameM hai vaha mejapara nahIM hai / jisa baccekA astitva Aja hai usakA astit kala nahI thA / jo vastu pustaka rUpase hai vaha kursIrUpase nahI hai / je ghaTanA ekake lie bhUtakAlika hai vahI dUsareke lie vartamAnakI ora I tIsareke lie bhaviSyatkI hai / akhaNDa brahma padArtha bhale hI ekarasa zraura aikAntika ho parantu pratIyamAna jagatme to sabhI vastue~, cAhe vaha kitanI bhI sUkSma kyoM na hoM, anaikAntika haiM / zaGkarAcAryyajIne isa bAtako svIkAra nahI kiyA hai isalie unhone mAyAko sat aura asatse vilakSaNa, athaca anirvacanIyA kahA hai / meM saptabhaGgI nyAyaH ko to bAkI khAla nikAlaneke samAna AvazyakatAse adhika bArIkIme jAnA samajhatA hU~ parantu anekAntavAdakI grAhyatA svIkAra karatA / isIlie cidvilAsa meM maiMne mAyAko sat aura asat svarUpa, mata : anirvacanIyA mAnA hai / astu, sava loga ina praznoM kI gahirAImeM na bhI jAnA cAheM taba maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki isa subodha aura upAdeya pustakakA Adara hogA aisI racanAe~ hamako eka dUsareke nikaTa lAtI hai| aisA bhI koI sama thA jaba 'hastinA pIDyamAno'pi na vizejjainamandiram' jaisI uktiyA Rs

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nakalI thii| jainomeM bhI isa jor3akI kahAvateM hogii| Aja vaha dina ye| aba hameM dArzanika aura upAsanA samvandhI vAtImeM vaiSamya rakhate e eka dUsareke prati sauhArda rakhanA hai| apanI apanI rucike anusAra ma cAhe jisa sampradAyameM raheM parantu hamako yaha dhyAnameM rakhanA hai ki pila, vyAsa, zaGkarAcArya, buddha aura mahAvIra pratyeka bhAratIyake e AdarAspada hai| aura hamako sabase hI aisI zikSA milatI hai jo mAre caritrako Upara uThAne aura hamako ni zreyasake pathaera le jAnemeM martha hai| vizAkha zu0 1, / 2005 ) sampUrNAnanda

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lekhakake do zabda yoM to jainadharmakA sAhitya vipula hai, kintu usameM eka aisI pustaka ko yAmI thI jise paDhakara jana-sAdhAraNa jainadharmakA paricaya prApta ka nake / isa kamIko sabhI anubhava karate the| ujjanake seTha lAlacanda ja. seThIne to ainI pustaka lisanevAleko apanI orase eka hajAra rupr| pAritopika pradAna karanekI ghoSaNA bhI kara dI thii| mujhe bhI yaha kama bahuta saTakA rahI thii| nata maiMne isa ora apanA dhyAna lagArA, jisana phala svarUpa prastuta pustaka taiyAra ho skii| ga pratyeka dharmake dospa hote hai-eka vicArAtmaka aura dUsavara AvArAtmaka / prathama rUpako darzana kahate hai aura dUsareko dhrm| " darzanake abhyAsiyoMke liye dono hI rUpoMko jAnanA Avazyaka hainta saliye maine isa pustakameM jainadharmake vicAra aura AcArakA paricAri to karAyA hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha sAhitya, itihAsa, panyabheda, parva, tIrtha kSetra Adi anya jAnane yogya vAtoMkA bhI paricaya diyA hai, jise paDhakA pratyeka pAThaka jainadharmake sabhI aMgoM aura upAgoMkA sAdhAraNa jJAna prApa kara sakatA hai aura usake liye idhara udhara bhaTakanekI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isa pustakameM janavamase sambandha rakhanevAle jina viSayoMdA carcA kI gaI hai, saba logoMko ve sabhI viSaya rucikara hoM yaha sammAna nahIM hai, kyoMki-'bhinnarucihi lok'| isIse vibhinna rucivAra logoMko apanI apanI rucike anukUla jainadharmakI jAnakArI prApta kara sakanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya vidvAnoMkI prAya yaha eka Ama mAnyatA hai ki bhAratara pracalita pratyeka dharmakA mUla upaniSada hai / isa mAnyatAke mUlameM hA to zraddhAmUlaka vicArasaraNikA hI prAdhAnya pratIta hotA hai / pustaka

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tame jainadharmake sAtha itara dharmokI tulanA karate hue hamane ukta cArasaraNikI AlocanA kI hai| tattvajijJAsuoMse hamArA anurodha ki isa vicArasaraNi para naye sirese vicAra karake tattvako mIkSA kre| / apanI vidvattA aura adhyayanazIlatAke kAraNa zrI sampUrNAnanda jI paTa mero gaharI AsthA hai / merI icchA thI ki vaha isa pustakakA ekkathana likhe| maiMne bhAI pro0 khuzAlacandase apanI yaha icchA vyakta pAra aura sayuktaprAntake maMtritvakA bhAra vahana karate hue bhI unhone marthA logoke anurodhakI rakSA kii| etadartha hama zrI sampUrNAnandajIka __ yanta abhArI hai| zA jina grantho aura patra-patrikAoke lekhose hame isa pustakake likhanavizeSa sAhAyya milA hai una sabhI lekhakoke bhI hama AbhArI hai| meM bhI prophesara glajanapake jainadharmase hame bar3I sahAyatA milI hai, kA paryavekSaNa karake hI isa pustakakI viSaya-sUcI taiyAra kI gaI / zrI nAthUrAmajI premIke 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa kA upayoga mpradAyapanya' likhaneme vizeSa kiyA gayA hai| jaina hitapIke kisI ne aMkameM jagatkartRtvake sambandhameM sva0 vA0 sUraja bhAnu vakIlakA kalekha prakAzita huA thaa| vaha mujhe bahuta pasanda AyA thaa| prastuta tako yaha vizva aura usakI vyavasthA' usIke AdhArapara likhA hai| ata. ukta sabhI sulekhakoMka hama AbhArI hai| antame pAThakose anurodha hai ki prastuta pustakake sambandhame yadi koI sacanA denA cAheM to avazya denekA kaSTa kre| dUsare karaNameM unakA yathAsaMbhava upayoga kiyA jA skegaa| zrutapaJcamI vI0ni0 saM0 2474 kailAzacandra zAstrI

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dUsare saMskaraNake sambandha meM jaba maine 'jainadharma' pustakako likhakara samApta kiyA to mu svapna meM bhI yaha AnA nahI thI ki isa pustakakA itanA samAdara hoga aura pahale saMskaraNa ke prakAganake 6 mAha bAda hI dUsarA saMskaraNa prakA gita karanA hogA / aneka patra-patrikAoM aura labdhapratiSTha vidvAnone muktakaNTha unako prazaMsA kI hai| aise virale hI pAThaka hai jinhoMne pustakako paDha kara pratyakSa yA parokSarUpameM usakI sarAhanA nahI kI hai| t kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya jaisI prakhyAta zikSA saMsthAne darzana pAstra viSayaka vI. e. ( Anarsa) ke parIkSArthiyoM ke adhyayana ke lie ise svIkRta kiyA hai| jaina kAlija var3Ita Adi aneka kAlijoM zrI skUlone jainadharmake adhyayana ke liye ise pAThyakramake rUpameM sthAna diya hai / isa taraha zikSA kSetrame bhI prastuta pustakako yatheSTa sthAna o nAti milI hai / ujjainake sAhityapremI seTha lAlacanda jI seThIne 750 ) kA pura skAra dekara lekhakako puraskRta kiyA hai / } aneka vidvAn pAThakone apane kucha upayogI sujhAva bhI diye hai unake anusAra isa saMskaraNa meM parivartana aura parivardhanake sAtha sAtha do naye prakaraNa vaDhAye gaye hai-- eka jainakalA aura purAtattvane sambandhame aura dUsarA jainAcAryo ke samvandhame / tathA antame jaina pAriva bhASika zabdoM kI eka sUcI bhI de dI gaI hai| prathama prakaraNake likhane me muni zrI kAnti sAgara jI se vizeSa sahayoga prApta huA hai / jina mahAnubhAvoMne ukta prakArase mere utsAhako bar3hAyA hai una sabhIkA AbhAra hRdayase svIkAra karatA hU~ / vAzvina---2006 } vinIta lekhaka

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tIsare saMskaraNake sambandhama 'jainadharma kA tIsarA saskaraNa upasthita hai| pichale eka varSase yaha staka aprApya thii| pAThako aura pustaka-vikretAoke takAjoke sAtha lAhane bhI Ate the| prakAzanakI sUcanA dete hI pustakakI mAMgeM AnI zurU ho gaI aura vyagratA bhare patra Ane lage-kavataka prakAzita hogI, 14 to chapa gaI hogI, aadi| yaha sava isa vAtakA sUcaka hai ki pAThakoM kI yaha pustaka kitanI adhika priya hai / a0bhA0 rAjapUta jaina saghane ka sujhAva bhejA ki 'janadharma-kSAtra dharma-vIradharma hai| aisA eka adhyAya to sampUrNa kSatriya jAtike liye pUrNata AkarSaka ho, jisase Ajake Anta evaM patha-bhrapTa rAjapUta puna. satyake prakAzameM A sakeM, rakhA ye, tathA pustakakA TAiTila jainadharma (kSAtradharma)-bhAratakA sArvazika sanAtana satya Atma dharma' aisA rahe / tadanusAra isa saskaraNameM kucha jainavIra' zIrSaka eka nayA adhyAya jor3a diyA gayA hai| TAiTila dalanA kucha jaMcA nahI, janetara pAThakoMko usame mithyA ahaMkArakI A sakatI thii| : isa saMskaraName anya bhI kucha sudhAra kiye gaye hai| itihAsa-bhAga ko puna.vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai aura usameM 'kAlAcUri rAjyameM nainadharma' aura 'vijayanagara rAjyameM jainadharma' do naye zIrSaka joDe ye hai| vividha nAmaka prakaraNake pUrvabhAgako usase alaga karake sAmAjika rUpa' nAmase diyA gayA hai| tathA 'sthAnakavAsI sampradAya aura mUrtipUjA virodhI terApantha sampradAya' ko phirase likhA gayA kyoMki ukta sampradAyo ke vyaktiyo kI orase kucha sujhAva prApta dae the| mAzA hai pAThakoke liye yaha saMskaraNa aura bhI adhika lAbhaprada sAbita hogaa| phA0 R0 118 vinIta lekhaka 2011 /

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1. itihAsa 1- Arambha kAla zrI RSabhadeva jainadharmake prathama tIrthakara bhAgavatameM RSabha devakA varNana aitihAsika abhilekha 2- zrI RSabha deva ka *** 3 - jaina dharmake anya pravartaka bhagavAna neminAtha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra 4 - bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt [ bihAra meM jainadharma rAjA ceTaka rAjA zreNika vermas 21 1-58 1 - ajAtazatru nandavaza maurya samrAT candragupta azoka 1544 viSaya-sUcI }} samprati [uDIsA jainadharma UliMga cakravartI sArakhela .. baMgAlameM jainadharma gujarAtameM jainadharma 5 10 14 15 22 27 rAjapUtAne meM jainadharma mavyaprAntameM jainadharma uttara pradeza jainadharma [dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharma 1 - jainadharma kyA hai ? 162 - nekAntavAda - 17 25 26 gaga-vaza hoysala vaza rASTrakUTa vaza 30 32 33] 34 kAlAcUrirAjyameM jainavamaM vijayanagara rAjyame #t 2. siddhAMta / 59-1 23 3- dravya vyavasthA 264 - jIva dravya 5- ajIva dravya syAdvAda saptabhagI - pudagala dravya dharma-adharma dravya AkAza dravya kAla dravya 6 - yaha vizva aura usakI / vyavasthA 7 - jaina dRSTise Izvara 8 - usakI upAsanA / 37 356-sAta tatva 1 1 1

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- -- - - ahiMsA / bA~hasANuvrata 0karma siddhAnta / / 1321 10 anumativirata 196 karma kA svarUpa / 11 uddiSTavirata karma apanA phala kaise dete hai 135 sAdhaka zrAvaka 199 . karmake bheda 138 / 6-zrAvaka dharma aura vizva * karmokI bhaneka dazAeM 141 kI samasyAe 202 cAritra 144-229/7-munikA cAritra 210 -sasArame dukha kyo hai 144 sAdhuko dinacaryA 216 - muktikA mArga 146 agasyAna 220 cAritra yA AcAra 154 / 9-mokSa yA siddhi /226 158 | 10-kyA jainadharma nAstika hara28 gRhasthatI ahiMsA 164 | 4 janasAhitya 230-245 -zrAvakakA cAritra 170 digambara sAhitya 231 171 zvetAmbara sAhitya 240 / rAtribhojana aura jalagAlana 174 | 4-kucha prasiddha jainAcArya 245 satyANumata 1--gautama gaNaghara 245 / acauryAgunata bhadravAhu / brahmacayAMNuvrata 179 gharasena parigraha parimANavata 181 puSpadanta aura bhUtavAla / bAvakake bheda gugadhara pAkSika zrAvaka 184 kundakunda niSThika dhAvaka umAsvAmI '1 darzanika samantabhadra '2 pratika 187 siddhasena 3 sAmAyikI devanandi / 4 propadhopavAsI pAtrakesarI 5 sacitavirata cakalaMka 6 sviAmathunavirata' 194 vidyAnandi 7 brahmacArI mANikyanandi 8 Arambharita manannavIrya 9 parigrahavirata vIrasena 176 246 192 - - - -

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252 | 256 jinasena terApantha prabhAcandra yApanIya sagha vAdirAja 253 arddhasphAlaka sampradAya niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu 7-vividha 297-3 mallavAdI 254 1-kucha jainavIra jinabhadra gaNi rAjA ceTaka haribhadra udayana abhayadeva samrATa candragupta 255 khAravela yazovijaya kumArapAla jainakalA aura 4 mArasiMha purAtatva 255-265 cAmuNDarAya gagarAja citrakalA mUrtikalA 259 kalacUri rAjA amogha varSa sthApatyakalA 260 vacchAvata saradAra 6. sAmAjika rUpa267-297 dhanarAja 1-jaina sagha 267 janarala indrarAja 2-saMgha bheda . 270 vastupAla tejapAla 3-sampradAya aura pantha 279 senApati AbhU [1 digambara sampradAya 280 jayapurake dIvAna digambara sampradAyame 1-jena parva saghameda 281 - dazalakSaNa parva teraha pantha aura bIsapanya 285 apTAnhikA parva tAraNapantha 287 mahAvIra jayantI [2 zvetAmbara sampradAya , vIrazAsana jayantI zvetAmbara caityavAsI 29 zruta pacamI mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbaroMke dIpAvalI gaccha 290 rakSAvandhana sthAnakavAsI 292 . 2-tIrthakSetra matimA-viropI bihAra pradeza

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uttara pradeza 0karma bundelakhaNDa va madhyaprAnta 320 325 327 ka madrAsa prAnta 331 ur3IsA prAnta 333 : --- jainadharma aura itaradharma 334 mu1 jainavarma aura hindU dharma vaidika sAhityakA kramika vikAsa vedokA pradhAna vivaca brAhmaNa sAhitya kA rAjapUtAnA va mAlavA ka bambaI prAnta 5 27 vAraka upaniSada 334 335 36 336 337 " upaniSadokI zikSA jainadharmakA lAvAra nahIM hai sara rAdhA kRSNanke matada vAlocanA bhAratIya dharmo meM AdAna pradAna hindU dharma aura jainadharmama antara 2 jenavamaM vIra voddha dharma donAMmeM samAnatA donoM neda janadharma aura musalamAna dharma 4. jaina sUktiyA~ ri 40 44 348 42 250 st 352 354

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jainadharma

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- lseases kha Yi 3 "TE jainoMkA mUla maMtra Namo arihatANaM, Namo siddhANa, Namo AiriyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savva sAhUNaM || eso paMca NamukkAro, savva pAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savrvvesi, paDhama havai maMgalaM // na (arhantoko namaskAra, siddhoko namaskAra, AcAryoko namaskAra, upAdhyAyoko namaskAra, lokake sava sAdhuoMko namaskAra / yaha paMca namaskAra maMtra sava pApokA nAza karanevAlA hai / aura saba maMgalome Adya maMgala hai | ) 1 1 } SYSIS 4-PA 45454544!

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bAhubali svAmI zravaNavela golA (maisUra) sthina 57 phITa UMcI di0 jaina mUrti jainadharma pR0 126

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jaina dha me 1, itihAsa 1-Arambha kAla eka samaya thA java jainadharmako bauddhadharmakI zAkhA samajha liyA ga. thaa| kintu aba vaha bhrAnti dUra ho cukI hai aura naI khojoke phalasvara yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki jainadharma bauddhadharmase na kevala eka :: aura svatatra dharma hai kintu usase bahuta prAcIna bhI hai| aba anti tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIrako jainadharmakA saMsthApaka nahIM mAnA jA aura unase aDhAI sau varSa pahale honevAle bhagavAna pArzvanAthako e aitihAsika mahApuruSa svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| isa taraha 1isa bhrAntiko dUra karanekA zreya sva0 DA. harmAna yAkobIko prApta hai unhone apanI janasUtroko prastAvanAmeM isapara vistRta vicAra kiyA hai| likhate haiM-"isa bAtase aba saba sahamata hai ki nAtaputta, jo mahAvIra athara varSamAnake nAma se prasiddha hai, buddhake samakAlIna the| bauddhagranthomeM milanevA ullekha hamAre isa vicArako dRDha karate hai ki nAtaputtase pahale bhI nimranyoka jo Aja jaina athavA AItake nAmase adhika prasiddha hai, astitva thaa| ja bauddhadharma utpanna huA taba nirganyokA sampradAya eka bar3e sampradAyake rUpameM gira jAtA hogaa| bauddha piTakomeM kucha nirgranthokA buddha aura usake ziSyoMke virodhI rUpameM aura kuchakA vRddhake anuyAyI bana jAneke rUpameM varNana AtA hai| usa Uparase hama ukta vAtakA anumAna kara sakate hai| isake viparIta ina grantho kisI bhI sthAnapara aisA koI ullekha yA sUcaka vAkya dekhane meM nahI AtA nipranyokA sampradAya eka navIna sampradAya hai aura nAtaputta usake sasthApaka hai isake Uparase hama anumAna kara sakate hai ki buddhake janmase pahale atiprAcI lase niyoMkA astitva calA AtA hai|"

Page #22
jainadharma nadharmakA ArambhakAla sunizcita rItise IsvI san se 800 varSa pUrva na liyA gayA hai| kintu jahA~ aba kucha vidvAna bhagavAna pArzvanAthako nadharmakA sasthApaka mAnate haiM vahAM kucha vidvAna aise bhI hai jo usase hale bhI jainadharmakA astitva mAnate hai| udAharaNake liye prasiddha mana vidvAn sva0 DA0 harmana yAkobI aura prasiddha bhAratIya dArzanika ra rAdhAkRSNan kA mata ullekhanIya hai| DA. yAkobI likhate hai 'isame koI bhI sabUta nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha jainadharmake saMsthApaka / jaina paramparA prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevako janadharmakA sasthApaka nanemeM eka mata hai| isa mAnyatAmeM aitihAsika satyakI saMbhAvanA hai|) DA0 sara rAdhAkRSNan kucha vizeSa jora dekara likhate hai'jaina paramparA RSabhadevase apane dharmakI utpatti honekA kathana 1 uttarAdhyayana sUtrake prAkkathanameM DA0 cArpenTara likhate hai-"hameM smaraNa banA cAhiye ki jana dharma ma0 mahAvIrase prAcIna hai aura mahAvIrake AdaraNIya ba pArzvanAya nizcita rUpase eka vAstavika vyaktike rUpameM vartamAna the| va jainadharmake mUla sidAnta bha0 mahAvIrase bahuta pahale nirdhArita ho cuke the| vilogrAphiyA jainakI prastAvanAmeM, DA. garInATa likhate hai isameM koI ndeha nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti the| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra sau varSa taka jIvita raheM aura mahAvIrase 250 varSa pUrva nirvAmako prApta hue| ta unakA kAryakAla IsvI sanse 800 varSa pUrva thaa| mahAvIrake mAtA-pitA vinAyake dharmako mAnate the|" 3 "There is nothing to prove that Parshva was the ounder of Jainism Jain tradition is unanimous in makno Rishabha the first Tirthankara (as its founder) there nay be something historical in the tradition which mares him the first Tirthankara.-Indian Antignary Vol XP.163. 3 "There is evidence to show that so far back as thd irst century B C there were people who were worship! bing Risha is the first Titankara There is ng

Page #23
itihAsa karatI hai, jo bahutasI zatAbdiyo pUrva hue hai| isa vAtake pramANa pa jAte hai ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdIme prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevakI hotI thii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vardhamAna aura pAza nAyase bhI pahale pracalita thaa| yajurvedame RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha meM ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrtharoke nAmokA nirdega hai| bhAgavata / bhI isa vAtakA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharmake saMsthApaka the ukta do matoMse yaha vAta nirvivAda ho jAtI hai ki va pArzvanAtha bhI jainadharmake sasthApaka nahI the aura unase pahale bhI jainadha pracalita thaa| tathA jaina paramparA zrIRSabhadevako apanA prathama tIrtha mAnatI hai aura janetaMra sAhitya tathA upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI bhI isa bAtakI puSTi hotI hai| nIce inhI bAtoMko spaSTa kira jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA jaina paramparA anusAra hamAre isa dRzyamAna jagatame kAlakA ca sadA ghUmA karatA hai / yadyapi kAlakA pravAha anAdi aura ananta tathApi usa kAlacakra cha vibhAga hai-1 atisukharUpa, 2 sukharUpa, sukha-dukharUpa, 4 duHkhasukharUpa, 5 dukharUpa aura 6 atidukharUpa / jana calatI huI gADIke cakrakA pratyeka bhAga nIcase Upara aura Uparase nI jAtA AtA hai vase hI ye cha bhAga bhI kramavAra sadA ghUmate rahate hai arthAt eka bAra jagat sukhase duHkhakI ora jAtA hai to dUsarI vA duHkhase sukhakI ora bar3hatA hai| sukhase dukhakI ora jAneko avasarpiNI kAla yA avanatikAla kahate hai aura duHkhase susakI aura jAneka doubt that Jainism prevailed even before Vardhaman or Parsvanath The Yajurveda mentions the names o three tirthankaras-Rishabha, Ajitabath and Aristanem The Bhagavata Puran endorses the view that Rishabh was the founder of Jainism. -Indian Philosopby. Vo .P.287.

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janadharma sarpiNIkAla yA vikAsakAla kahate hai| ina donoM kAloMkI avadhi khoM karoDoM varSoMse bhI adhika hai| pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNIlake dukhasukharUpa bhAgaheM 24 tIrthaDroMkA janma hotA hai, jo 'jina' vasthAko prApta karake janadharmakA upadeza dete hai| isa samaya avapiNIli cAla hai| usake prArambhake cAra vibhAga bIta cuke hai aura ava ma usake pAMcaveM vibhAgameMse gujara rahe hai| cUMki cauthe vibhAgakA nta ho cukA, isaliye isa kAlameM aba koI tIrthaGkara nahIM hogaa| 'sa yugake 24 tIrthaGkaromeMse bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama tIthaMkara the aura bhagavAna mahAvIra antima tIrthakara the| tIsare kAlavibhAgameM va tIna varSa 8|mAha zeSa rahe taba RSabhadevakA nirvANa huA aura the kAlavibhAgameM jaba utanA hI kAla zepa rahA tava mahAvIrakA tarvANa huA / donoMkA antarakAla eka koTA-koTI sAgara batalAyA ciAtA hai| isa taraha jaina paramparAke anusAra isa yugameM jainadharmake dhyama pravartaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva the| prAcInase prAcIna janazAstra sa viSayameM eka mata hai aura unameM RSabhadevakA jIvana-carita bahuta khastArase varNita hai| jainetara sAhitya / * janatara sAhityameM zrImadbhAgavatakA nAma ullekhanIya hai| isake nA~caveM skandhake, adhyAya 2-6 meM RSabhadevakA sundara varNana hai, jo dAna sAhityake varNanase kucha aMzameM milatA julatA hubA bhI hai| usame likhA hai ki jaba brahmAne dekhA ki manuSyasakhyA nahIM vaDhI to usane svayaMbhU manu aura satyalpAko utpanna kiyaa| unake priyavrata nAmakA lar3akA huaa| priyavatakA putra agnIghra huA / agnIghrake ghara nAbhine janma liyaa| nAbhine marudevIse vivAha kiyA aura unase RSabhadeva patpanna hue / RSabhadevane indrake dvArA dI gaI jayantI nAmakI bhAryAte dhau putra utpanna kiye, aura bar3e putra bharatakA rAjyAbhiSeka karake saMnyAta le liyaa| usa samaya kevala zarIramAtra unake pAsa thA aura ve digamvara pa..

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itihAsa veSame nagna vicaraNa karate the| maunase rahate the, koI DarAye, mAre Upara thUke, patthara pheke, mUtraviSThA pheke to ina sabakI ora dhyAna naha dete the| yaha zarIra asat padArthokA ghara hai aisA samajhakara ahaMkAra mamakArakA tyAga karake akele bhramaNa karate the| unakA kAmadeva samAna sundara zarIra malina ho gayA thaa| unakA kriyAkarma baDA bhayAna' ho gayA thaa| zarIrAdikakA sukha chor3akara unhoMne 'bhAjagara' vrata - liyA thaa| isa prakAra kaivalyapati bhagavAna RSabhadeva nirantara para, AnandakA anubhava karate hue bhramaNa karate karate koka, veka, kuTaka, dakSiNa, karnATaka dezoMme apanI icchAse pahuMce, aura kuTakAcala parvatake upavana unmattakI nAI nagna hokara vicarane lge| jaMgalame bAMsokI ragar3ase Aga laga gaI aura unhone usIme praveza karake apaneko bhasma kara diyaa| isa taraha RSabhadevakA varNana karake bhAgavatakAra mAge likhate hai| 'ina RSabhadevake caritrako sunakara koMka beka kuTaka dezokA rAjA arhana unhIke upadezako lekara kaliyugame java adharma bahuta ho jAyagA taka svadharmako chor3akara kupaya pAkhaMDa (janadharma) kA pravartana karegA / tu, manuSya mAyAse vimohita hokara, zauca mAcArako choDakara Izvarako avajJA karanevAle vrata dhAraNa krege|n snAna,na Acamana, brahma, brAhmaNAM yajJa sabake nindaka aise puruSa hoge aura veda-viruddha AcaraNakarake naraka girege| yaha RpabhAvatAra rajoguNase vyApta manuSyoko mokSamArgaH sikhalAneke liye humaa|' 1"yasya kilAnucaritamupAkarNya kotavelakuTakAnA rAjA ahaMsAmopazikSya kalAvadharma utkRSyamANe bhavitavyena vimohita svadharmapayamakutobhayamapahAya kupathapAkhaNDamasamajasa nijamanISayA manda sampravartayiSyate // 6 // yena vAva kalA, manujApasadA devamAyAmohitA svavidhiniyogazauca-cAritravihInA devahelanA, nyapannatAni nijecchayA gRhNAnA asnAnAcamanazaucakezollucanAdIni kalinA dharmabahulenopahatadhiyobrahma-brAhmaNa-yajJa-puruSalokavidUSakA prAyeNa bhvissynti||10|' te ca svapaktinayA nijalokayAnayA'ndhaparamparayA zvastA. tamasyanyai svayamekA patiSyanti / ayamavatAro rjsopplutkvlyopshikssnnaarth.||"sk0 5, 206 /

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jainavamaM zrImadbhAgavatake ukta kathanameMte yadi usa aMgako nikAla diyA ye, jo ki dhArmika virodhake kAraNa likhA gayA hai to usase barAvara dhvanita hotA hai ki RSabhadevane hI jainavamaMkA upadeza diyA thA ki jaina tIrthaGkara hI kevala jJAnako prApta kara lene para 'jina' hetu' Adi nAmose pukAre jAte hai aura usI avasthAmeM ve dharmopadeza te haiM jo ki unakI usa avasthAke nAma para jainavamaM yA Aheta dharma halAtA hai / sambhavata dakSiNameM jainadharmakA adhika pracAra dekha kara gavatakArane ukta klpanA kara DAlI hai / yadi ve sIdhe RSabhadevase jainadharmakI utpatti batalA dete to phira unheM jainadharmako burA bhalA hanekA avasara nahI milatA / astu, zrImadbhAgavatameM RSabhadevajIke rA unake putroko jo upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha bhI bahuta naMzaneM jainama~ke anukUla hI hai / usakA sAra nimna prakAra hai (1) he putro ! manuSyalokameM zarIradhAriyoMke vIcameM yaha rIra kaSTadAyaka hai, bhogane yogya nahI hai / ataH divya tapa karo, tasase ananta sukhakI prApti hotI hai / (2) jo koI merese prIti karatA hai, viSayI janose, strIse, trase aura mitrase prIti nahI karatA, tathA lokameM prayojanamAtra sakti karatA hai vaha samadarzI prazAnta aura sAbu hai / (3) jo indriyokI tRptike liye parizrama karatA hai use hama acchA nahI mAnate ; kyoki yaha zarIra bhI AtmAko klezadAyI hai / (4) jaba taka sAvU Atmatattvako nahI jAnatA taba taka vaha jJAnI hai / java taka yaha jIva karmakANDa karatA rahatA hai taba taka tava maukA zarIra aura mana dvArA AtmA banya hotA rahatA hai| ( (5) guNoke anusAra ceSTA na honese vidvAn pramAdI ho, jJAnI bana kara maithunasukhapravAna gharameM vasakara aneka saMtApoko pta hotA hai / (6) puruSakA strIke prati jo kAmabhAva hai yahI hRdayakI [nya hai / isIse jIvako ghara, kheta, putra, kuTumba aura dhanale moha hotA hai /

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itihAsa ( 7 ) java hRdayakI granthiko banAye rakhanevAle manakA bandha zithila ho jAtA hai taba yaha jIva saMsArase chUTatA hai aura mukta hoka paramalokako prApta hotA hai / (8) jaba sAra - asArakA bheda karAnevAlI va ajJAnAndhakAraka nAza karanevAlI merI bhakti karatA hai aura tRSNA, sukha dukhakA tyA kara tattvako jAnanekI icchA karatA hai, tathA tapake dvArA sava prakArava ceSTAmoMko nivRtti karatA hai taba mukta hotA hai / (6) jIvoMko jo viSayokI cAha hai yaha cAha hI andhakUpa samAna narakame jIvako paTakatI hai| f (10) atyanta kAmanAvAlA tathA naSTa dRSTivAlA yaha jaga apane kalyANake hetuoko nahI jAnatA hai / (11) jo kubuddhi sumArga choDa kumArgame calatA hai use dayA vidvAna kumArga meM kabhI bhI nahI calane detA / ? (12) he putro ! saba sthAvara jaMgama jIvamAtrako mere hai 'samAna samajhakara bhAvanA karanA yogya hai / va ye sabhI upadeza jainadharma ke anusAra hai / inameM nambara 4 kA upa deza to khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai, jo karmakANDako bandhakA kAraNaM, batalAtA hai / jainadharmake anusAra mana, vacana aura kAyakA nirodha dinA karmavanvanase chuTakArA nahI mila sakatA / kintu vaidika yaha bAta nahI pAI jAtI / zarIrake prati nirmamatva honA, tatvajJAne pUrvaka tapa karanA, jIvamAtrako apane samAna samajhanA, kAmavAsanA phandeme na pha~sanA, ye saba to vastuta. jainadharma hI hai / ata zrImadbhAgavata anusAra bhI zrI RSabhadevase hI jainadharmakA udgama huA aisA spaS dhvanita hotA hai / anya hindU purANome bhI jainavarmakI utpatti samvatvameM prAya isI prakArakA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / aisA eka grantha abhI taka dekhaneme nahI AyA, jisame vardhamAna yA pArzvanAtha jainadharmakI utpatti batalAI gaI ho / yadyapi upalabdha purANasAhita

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jainadharma ya. mahAvIrake vAdakA hI hai, phira bhI usame jainadharmakI carcA hote hue mahAvIra yA pArzvanAthakA nAma taka nahIM pAyA jaataa| isase bhI sI vAtakI puSTi hotI hai ki hindU paramparA bhI isa viSayame eka ja hai ki jainadharmake saMsthApaka ye dono nahIM hai| naI isake sivA hama yaha dekhate hai ki hindU dharmake avatArome anya rAratIya dhoMke pUjya puruSa bhI sammilita kara liye gaye hai, yahA~ kla ki IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdIme hone vAle buddhako bhI unameM Ammilita kara liyA gayA hai jo bauddhadharmake saMsthApaka the|kintu unhIke makAlIna vardhamAna yA mahAvIrako usameM sammilita nahIM kiyA hai, khioki ve jainadharmake sasthApaka nahI the| jinheM hindU paramparA jainadharmakA sthApaka mAnatI thI ve zrIRSabhadeva pahalese hI AThave avatAra mAne mae the| yadi zrIbuddhakI taraha mahAvIra bhI eka naye dharmake saMsthApaka te to yaha sabhava nahIM thA ki unheM chor3a diyA jaataa| ata unake gammalita na karane aura Rpabhadevake AThave avatAra mAne jAnese bhI jasa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai ki hindU paramparAme ati prAcInakAlase Sabhadevako hI jainadharmake sasthApakake rUpameM mAnA jAtA hai / yahI jaha hai jo unake tathA unake vAdame honevAle majitanAya aura aripTatimi nAmake tIrthavarokA nirdeza yajurvedameM milatA hai| aitihAsika sAmagrI hai isa prakAra jaina aura jainetara sAhityase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna puSabhadeva hI jainadharmake Adya pravartaka the| prAcIna zilAlekhose bhI ha bAta pramANita hai ki zrIRSabhadeva jainadharmake prathama tIrthakara the aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samayame bhI RSabhadevakI mUrtiyokI pUjA jaina "oga karate the| mathurAke kalAlI nAmaka TIlekI khudAImeM DAkTara hararako jojaina zilAlekha prApta hue ve karIba do hajAra varSa prAcIna aura unapara inDosithiyana (Indo-sythjan ) rANA kaniSka

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itihAsa huviSka aura vAsudevakA samvat hai / usame bhagavAna RSabhadevaka pUjAke liye dAna denekA ullekha hai / yahAtavA zrIviseSTa' e0 smithakA kahanA hai ki 'mathurAse prApta sAmagra likhita jaina paramparAke samarthaname vistRta prakAza DAlatI hai aura jaina dharmakI prAcInatAke viSayameM akATya pramANa upasthita karatI hai| tatha yaha batalAtI hai ki prAcIna samayame bhI vaha apane isI rUpame maujUda thA ' IsvI san ke prArambhame bhI apane vizeSa cihnoke sAtha caubIsa tIrtha karoMkI mAnyatAme dRr3ha vizvAsa thA / } ina zilAlekhose bhI prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa zilAlekha khaNDa giri udayagiri (ur3IsA) kI hAthI guphAse prApta huA hai jo ja samrATa khAravelane likhAyA thA / isa 2100 varSaka prAcIna jai zilAlekhase spaSTa patA calatA hai ki magadhAdhipati puSyamitraka pUrvAdhikArI rAjA nanda kaliMga jItakara bhagavAna zrI RSabhadevaka mUrti, jo kaliMgarAjAo kI kulakramAgata bahumUlya asthAvara sampati thI, jayacihna svarUpa le gayA thA / vaha pratimA khAravelane nandarA jAke tIna sau varSa bAda puSyamitrase prApta kii| jaba khAravelane magava " para caDhAI kI aura use jIta liyA to bhagaghAdhipati puSyamitra khAravelako vaha pratimA lauTAkara rAjI kara liyaa| yadi jainadharmaka Arambha bhagavAna mahAvIra yA bhagavAna pArzvanAthake dvArA huA hotA to unase kucha hI samaya bAdakI yA unake samayakI pratimA unhIka 1 1--'The discoveries have to a very large exten supplied corroboration to the written Jain tradition an they offer tangible incontrovertible Proof of the antiquit of the Jain religion and of its early existence ver much in its present form. The series of twentyfou, pontiffs (Tirthankaras), each with his distinctive emb lem, was evidently firmly believed in at the beginning of the Christian era.-The Jain strip Mathura Intro.p G1

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jainadharma tii| parantu jaba aise prAcIna zilAlekhame Adi tIrthasarakI prati kA spaSTa aura prAmANika ullekha itihAsake sAtha milatA hai to ninA par3atA hai ki zrIRSabhadevake prathama jaina tIthaMDara honekI mAnya meM tathya avazya hai| __ ava prazna yaha hai ki ve kaba hue? Upara batalAyA gayA hai ki jaina paramparAke anusAra prathama jaina rthiGkara zrIRSabhadeva isa avasarpiNIkAlake tIsare bhAgame hue, aura va usa kAlakA pAMcavAM bhAga cala rahA hai ata unheM hue lAkhoM karor3oM rSa ho gye| hindU paramparAke anusAra bhI jaba brahmAne sRSTike pArambhameM svayabhU manu aura satyarUpAko utpanna kiyA to RSabhadeva nase pAMcavI pIDhImeM hue| aura isa taraha ve prathama satayugake antameM e| tathA aba taka 28 satayuga bIta gaye hai| isase bhI unake mayakI sudIrghatAkA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / ata jainamikA ArambhakAla vahuta prAcIna hai| bhAratavarSa meM jaba AryokA pAgamana huA usa samaya bhAratame jo draviDa sabhyatA phailI huI thI, stuta vaha jaina sabhyatA hI thii| isIse jaina paramparAme bAdako jo saMgha kAyama hue unameM eka draviDasagha bhI thaa| 2-zrIRSabhadeva / kAlake ukta cha bhAgomeM se pahale aura dUsare bhAgame na koI dharma hotA hai, na koI rAjA aura na koI samAja / eka parivArameM pati aura jalI ye do hI prANI hote hai| pAsameM lage vRkSose, jo kalpavRkSa kahe jhAte hai unheM apane jIvanake liye Avazyaka padArtha prApta ho jAte hai, isIme ve prasanna rahate haiN| marate samaya eka putra aura eka putrIko janma 1 mejara janarala je sI Ara phalAMga mahodaya apanI The ShortStu Tly in Science of Comparative Religion 77977 geus festes -'IsAse agaNita varSa pahalese jainadharma bhAratameM phailA huA thaa| Arya loga mAnA aura

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janavarma caudahaveM manukA nAma nAbhirAya thaa| inake samayame utpanna hone le vaccokA nAbhinAla atyanta lambA hone lagA to inhone usako TanA btlaayaa| isIliye inakA nAma nAbhi pdd'aa| inakI patnIkA ma marudevI thaa| inase zrIRSabhadevakA janma humA / yahI RSabhadeva sa yugameM jainadharmake Adya prarvataka hue| inake samayame hI grAma nagara sAdikI suvyavasyA huI inhone hI laukika zAstra aura lokavyavahArakI zikSA dI aura inhone hI usa dharmakI sthApanA kI jisakA dUla ahiMtA hai| isIliye inhe Adi brahmA bhI kahA gayA hai| jisa samaya ye garbhameM the, usa samaya devatAmone svarNakI vRSTi kI isaliye inheM 'hiraNyagarbha" bhI kahate hai| inake samayamai prajAke sAmane jIvanakI samasyA vikaTa ho gaI thI, kyoki jina vRkSose loga apanA jIvana nirvAha karate Aye the ve lupta ho cuke the aura jo naI vanaspatiyA~ pRthvImeM ugI thI, unakA upayoga karanA nahI jAnate the| taba inhoMne unheM uge hue ikSudaNDose rasa nikAla kara khAnA sikhlaayaa| isaliye inakA vaza ikSvAku varAke nAmase prasiddha huA, aura ye usake Adi puruSa kahalAye / tayA prajAko kRSi, masi, maSI, zilpa, vANijya aura vidyA ina SaTkarmoM se AjIvikA karanA btlaayaa| isaliye inheM prajApati gI kahA jAtA hai| sAmAjika vyavasthAko calAnake liye inhone tIna vargokI tyApanA kii| jinako rakSAkA mAra diyA 1 'puragAmapaTTaNAdI loyiyasatya ca loyvvhaaro| dhammo vi dayAmUlo viNimmiyo AdivahmaNa / / 802 // ' -tri0 saa| 2"hiraNyavRSTiriSTAbhUd garbhapepi yavattvayi / hiraNyagarbha ityuccIvaNirgIyate tvataH // 206 // AkantI rasa prItyA vAhulpena tvayi prbho| prajA prabho yatastasmAdikSvAkuriti koyaMse // 210 // -sa08, hari0 pu0 / 3 'prajApati prathamaM nijIviyu. zazAsa kRpyAdisu karmasuprajAH -svayaM sto0

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r itihAsa gayA ve kSatriya kahalAye / jinheM khetI, vyApAra, gopAlana Adi kAryameM niyukta kiyA gayA ve vaizya kahalAye / aura jo sevAvRtti karaneke yogya samajhe gaye unheM zUdra nAma diyA gayA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke do patniyA~ thI - eka kA nAma sunandA thA aura dUsarIkA nandA / inase unake sau putra aura do putriyAM huii| bar3e putrakA nAma bharata thA / yahI bharata isa yugameM bhAratavarSa ke prathama cakravartI rAjA hue| 1 eka dina bhagavAna RSabhadeva rAjasiMhAsanapara virAjamAna the rAjasabhA lagI huI thI aura nIlAMjanA nAmakI apsarA nRtya kara rahI thii| acAnaka nRtya karate karate nIlAJjanAkA zarIrapAta ho gayA isa Akasmika ghaTanAse bhagavAnakA citta virakta ho uThA / turanta saba putroko rAjyabhAra saupa kara unhone pravrajyA le lI aura ha mAha kI samAdhi lagAkara khar3e ho gye| unakI dekhAdekhI aura bhI aneka rAjAone dIkSA lI / kintu ve bhUkha pyAsake kaSTako na saha sake aura bhraSTa ho gaye / cha mAhake bAda jaba bhagavAnakI samAi bhaMga huI to AhArake liye unhone vihAra kiyA / unake prazAnta nagna rUpako dekhaneke liye prajA umar3a pdd'ii| koI unheM vastra bha karatA thA, koI bhUSaNa bheMTa karatA thA, koI hAthI ghor3e lekara unaka sevAmeM upasthita hotA thA / kintu unako bhikSA denekI vidhi koI nahI jAnatA thaa| isa taraha ghUmate-ghUmate 6 mAha aura bIta gaye / isI taraha ghUmate-ghUmate eka dina RSabhadeva hastinApurameM ja pahu~ce / vahA~kA rAjA zreyAMsa baDA dAnI thA / usane bhagavAnkA 7 satkAra kiyA / AdarapUrvaka bhagavAnako pratigraha karake uccAsanapa baiThAyA, unake caraNa dhoye, pUjana kI aura phira namaskAra kara bolA - bhagavan ? yaha ikSurasa prAsuka hai, nirdoSa hai ise Apa svI kareM / taba bhagavAnane khaDe hokara apanI aJjalimeM rasa lekara piyA usa samaya logoM ko jo Ananda huA vaha varNanAtIta hai / bhagavA

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jainadharma ha AhAra vaizAkha zuklA tIjake dina huA thA / isIse yaha tithi kSaya tRtIyA kahalAtI hai / AhAra karake bhagavAna phira vanako cale ye aura Atma dhyAnameM lIna ho gye| eka bAra bhagavAna 'purimatAla' garake udyAnameM dhyAnasya the / uma samaya unheM kevala jJAnakI prApti ii| isa taraha 'jina' pada prApta karake bhagavAna baDe bhArI samudAyake Aya dharmopadeza dete hue vicaraNa karane lage / unako vyAkhyAna sabhA samavasaraNa' kahalAtI thI / usakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki usameM pazuo takako dharmopadeza sunaneke liye sthAna milatA thA aura saha jaise bhayAnaka jantu zAntike sAtha baiThakara dharmopadeza sunate the / bhagavAna jo kucha kahate the sabakI samajhame A jAtA thaa| isa taraha jIvanaparyanta prANimAtrako unake hitakA upadeza dekara bhagavAna pa ma'deva kailAsa parvatase mukta hue| ve jainadharmake prathama tIrtha kara the / hindU rANo meM bhI unakA varNana milatA hai| isa yugame unake dvArA hI jainadharmakA Arambha huaa| 1 3 - jainadharmake anya pravartaka ha 6 - bhagavAna RSabhadevake pazcAt jainadharma ke pravartaka 23 tIrthaGkara aura hue, jinameM se dUsare ajitanAtha, cauthe abhinandananAtha, pA~cave sumatinAtha aura caudahaveM anantanAthakA janma ayodhyAnagarImaM huaa| tIsare, bhavadevakA janma zrAvastI nagarIme huaa| chaThe padmaprabhakA janma kauzAmbI huA / sAtave supArzvanAtha aura teIsave pArzvanAthakA linma vArANasI nagarI (banArasa) meM huA / AThave candraprabhakA janma caMdrapurIme huA / nauve puSpadantakA janma kAkandI nagarIme sunaa| dasaveM zItalanAthakA janma bhaddalapurame huA / gyArahave zreyAnAyakA janma siMhapurI (sAranAtha) meM huA / bArahaveM vAsupUjyakA janma campApurImeM huaa| terahave vimalanAthakA janma kapilA nagarImeM huA / pandrahaveM dharmanAthakA janma ratnapurameM huA / solahavai zAntinAtha, tarahaveM kunthunAtha aura aThArahaveM bharanAthakA janma hastinAgapura meM 7

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huzAma huaa| bIsave aranAtha aura kumAra zeSakA janma izvako ta itihAsa huaa| unnIsaveM mallinAtha aura ikkIsave naminAthakA janma purIme humaa| bIsave munisuvratanAthakA janma rAjagRhI nagarIme huna __inamese dharmanAtha, aranAtha aura kunyunAthakA janma kuruvaMzame hula munisunatanAyakA janma harivazame huA aura geSakA janma ikSvAkuvaMra huaa| sabhIne antame pravrajyA lekara bhagavAna RSabhadevakI tara tapazcaraNa kiyA aura kevala jJAnako prApta karake unhIkI taraha dha padeza kiyA aura antame nirvANako prApta kiyaa| inamese bhagava vAsupUjyakA nirvANa campApurase huA aura zeSa tIrtharokA niva sammedazikharase huaa| antima tIna tIrthaGkaroMkA varNana Age paDhiye bhagavAna neminAtha bhagavAna neminAtha vAIsave tIrthakara the| ye zrIkRSNake ca bhAI the| zaurIpura nareza andhakavRSNike dasa putra hue| sabase va putrakA nAma samudravijaya aura sabase choTe putrakA nAma vasudeva thA samudravijayake ghara neminAthane janma liyA aura vasudevake ghara zrIkRSNane jarAsandha ke mayase yAdavagaNa zaurIpura chor3akara dvArakA nagarIme jAva rahane lage / vahA~ jUnAgaDhake rAjAkI putrI rAjamatIse nemina yA vivAha nizcita huA bar3I dhUma-dhAmake sAtha vArAta jUnAgar3hake nika phuNcii| neminAtha bahutase rAjaputroke sAtha rayame baiThe hue AsapAsa zobhA dekhate jAte the| unakI dRSTi eka ora gaI to unhone dera bahutase pazu eka bAr3ame banda hai, ve nikalanA cAhate hai kintu nikalane koI mArga nahI hai| bhagavAnane turanta sArathiko ratha rokane Adeza diyA aura pUchA-ye itane pazu isa taraha kyoM roke hai| neminAthako yaha jAnakara bar3A kheda huA ki unakI vArAtame a hue aneka rAjAoke Atithya satkArake liye ina pazuoMkA vadha ki jAnevAlA hai aura isI liye ve bAr3eme banda hai| neminAthake dayA hRdayako baDA kaSTa phuNcaa| ve vole- yadi mere vivAhake nimitta itane pazuoM kA jIvana saMkaTameM hai to dhikkAra hai aise vivaahko| u ---- (1) zvatAmbara mAnyatAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA / ceTakakI vahina yo| tathA mahAvIrakA vivAha mI hunA thaa|

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jainadharma vivAha nahIM kruuNgaa| ve rathase turanta nIca utara paDe aura mukuTa aura ganako pheMkakara vanakI ora cala diye| vArAtameM isa samAcArake phailate koharAma maca gyaa| jUnAgaDhake anta purameM jaba rAjamatIko yaha mAcAra milA to vaha pachAr3a khAkara gira pdd'ii| bahutase loga neminAthako lauTAne ke liye daur3a, kintu vyartha / ve pAsame hI sthita giranAra hAipara car3ha gaye aura sahalAna vanameM bhagavAna RSabhadevakI taraha saba ripAna choDakara digambara ho mAtmadhyAname lIna ho gaye aura kevalajAnako prAptakara giranArase hI nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 23 veM tIrthaGkara the / inakA janma mAjase lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSa pahale vArANasI nagarImeM huA thaa| yaha bhI rAjaputra se| inakI cittavRtti prArambhase hI vairAgyakI ora vizeSa thii| mAtApaitAne kaI bAra inase vivAhakA prastAva kiyA kintu unhoMne sadA hamakara TAla diyaa| eka bAra ye gaMgAke kinAre ghUma rahe the| vahA~para kucha tApasI Aga jalAkara tapasyA karate the| ye unake pAsa pahuMce aura ghole-'ina lakkaDo ko jalAkara kyo jIvahiMsA karate ho|' kumArakI khAta sunakara tApasI baDe jhallAye aura bole-'kahA~ hai jIva ?" taba kumArane tApasIke pAsase kulhAr3I uThAkara jyo hI jalatI huI lakaDIko macIrA to usameMse nAga aura nAginakA jalatAmA joDA niklaa| kumAra ne unhe maraNonmukha jAnakara unake kAnameM mUlamatra diyA aura duHkhI mhokara cale gye| isa ghaTanAse unake hRdayako bahuta vedanA huii| pajIvanakI anityatAne unake cittako aura bhI udAsa kara diyA gaura mahAbhArata meM bhI likhA hai-- yuge yuge mahApuNpa dRzyate dvArikA purii| avatIrNo hariyaMtra prbhaasshshibhuussnn.|| revatAdI jino nemiyugaadivimlaacle| RSINAmAzramAdeva maktimAnasya kAraNama / /

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itihAsa : rAjasukhako tilAJjali dekara pravajita ho gye| eka bAra ' ahicchetrake vaname dhyAnastha the| parase unake pUrvajanmakA vairI ko deva kahI jA rahA thaa| inheM dekhate hI usakA pUrvasacita vairbhaa| bhaDaka utthaa| vaha unake Upara IMTa aura pattharokI varSA karane lgaa| java usase bhI usane bhagavAnake dhyAname vighna paDatA na dekhA to mUsAlAdhAra varSA karane lgaa| AkAzame meghone bhayAnaka rUpa dhAraNa ka liyA, unake garjanatarjanase dila dahalane lgaa| pRthvIpara cAro boca pAnI hI pAnI umar3a pdd'aa| aise ghora upasargake samaya jo nAga auSa nAgina marakara pAtAla lokame dharaNendra aura padmAvatI hue the, ve apa upakArIke Upara upasarga huA jAnakara turanta aaye| padmAvatI apana mukuTake Upara bhagavAnako uThA liyA aura gharaNendra sahasraphaNavAle sarpakA rUpa dhAraNa karake bhagavAnake Upara apana, phaNa phailA diyA aura isa taraha upadravase unakI rakSA kii| usI sama pArzvanAyako kevala jJAnakI prApti huI, usa varI devane unake ghara sIsa navAkara unase kSamA yAcanA kii| phira karIba 70 varSa jagaha-jagaha vihAra karake dharmopadeza karaneke vAda 100 varSakI umrame ve sammeda zikharase nirvANako prApta hue| inhIke nAmase Ajasamma dazikhara parvata 'pArasanAthahila' kahalAtA hai| inakI jo mUrtiyA~ pA, jAtI hai, uname ukta ghaTanAke smRtisvarUpa sirapara sarpakA phana banA humA hotA hai| jainetara janatAme inakI vizeSa khyAti hai| 5 kahI to jainokA matalaba hI pArzvanAthakA pUjaka samajhA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra antima tIrthaDra the| lagabhaga 600 I0 pU0 vihAra prAntake kuNDalapura nagarake rAjA siddhArthake dharame unaka janma huaa| unakI mAtA' trizalA vaizAlInareza rAjA ceTakakI putrI (1) zvetAmbara mAnyatAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA trizalA ceTakakI bahina thii| tathA mahAvIrakA vivAha bhI huA thaa|

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jainadharma bavAo / mahAvIrakA janma catra zuklA trayodazIke dina huA thaa| isa nakadana bhAratavarSame mahAvIrakI jayantI baDI dhUmase manAI jAtI hai / kohahAvIra sacamucameM mahAvIra the| eka vAra bacapaname ye anya vAlakoke cAthi khela rahe the| itaneme acAnaka eka sarpa kahIse A gayA aura yakonakI ora jhapaTA / anya vAlaka to Darakara bhAga gaye kintu mahAhADorane use nirmada kara diyaa| mahAvIra janmase hI vizepa jJAnI the| reghAka vAra eka muni unako dekhane ke liye Aye aura unake dekhate hI nikanike cittameM jo zAstrIya zakAe~ thI ve dUra ho gaI / java mahAvIra De hue to unake vivAhakA prazna upasthita huA, kintu mahAvIrakA bhavatta to kisI anya ora hI lagA huA thaa| usa samaya yajJAdikakA nahuta jora thA aura yajJome pazu-balidAna bahutAyatase hotA thaa| vecAre ka pazu dharmake nAmapara validAna kara diya jAte the aura 'vaidikI hiMsA patAsA na bhavati' kI vyavasthA de dI jAtI thii| karuNAsAgara mahAvIrake tAnotaka bhI una mUka pazuoMkI cItkAra pahuMcI aura rAjaputra mahAmanorakA hRdaya unakI rakSAke liye taDapa utthaa| dharmake nAmapara kiye jAnevAle kisI bhI kRtyakA virodha kitanA duSkara hai yaha batalAnekI AvazyakatA nhii| kintu mahAvIra to mahAvIra hI the| 30 varSakI umrame unhone ghara choDakara vanakA mArga liyA aura bhagavAna RSabhadevakI hI taraha pravrajyA lekara dhyAnastha ho gye| ra mahAvIrake janma AdikA varNana karanevAlI kucha prAcIna gAthAe~ milatI hai jinakA bhAva isa prakAra haili 1 "suramahidoccudakappe bhoga divaannubhaagmnnbhuudo| A pupphUtaraNAmAdo vimANado jo cudo sto|| bAhattarivAsANi ya yovavihINANi laddhaparamAU / AsADhajoNhapakkhe chaTaThIe jonnimuvyaado|| kuNDapurapuravarissarasiddhatyaksattiyassa NAhakule / tisilAe devIe devIsadasevamANAe / acchittA NavamAse a ya divase caittasiyapakse / EEEE

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itihAsa 'jo devoke dvArA pUjA jAtA thA, jisane acyuta kalpa nAma svargameM divya bhogoko bhogA, aise mahAvIra jinendrakA jIva kucha 25 vahattara varSakI Ayu pAkara, puSpottara nAmaka vimAnase cyuta hoka 5 AsADha zuklA SaSThIke dina, kuNDapura nagarake svAmI siddhArtha kSatriya ghara, nAyavaMzame, saikar3o deviyose sevita trizalA devIke garbhameM AyAaura vahA~ nau mAha ATha dina rahakara caitra zuklA trayodazIkI rAtri uttarAphAlgunI nakSatrake rahate hue mahAvIrakA janma huaa| 'aTThAIsa varSa sAta mAha aura bAraha dina taka devokeM dvArA ki gaye mAnuSika anupama sukhako bhogakara jo Abhinibodhika jJAna pratibuddha hue, aise devapUjitaM mahAvIra bhagavAnane papThopavAsake sA mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamIke dina jinadIkSA lii|' -vArahavarSa pAMca mAha aura pandraha dina paryanta chamastha avasthA vitAkara (tapasyA karake) ratnatrayase zuddha mahAvIra bhagavAnane jambhi grAmaka bAhara RjukUlA nadIke kinAre silApaTTake Upara SaSThopavAsa sAtha AtApana yoga karate hue, aparAhnakAlame, jaba chAyA pAdapramA thI, vaizAkha zuklA dasamIke dina kSapaka zreNipara ArohaNa kiyA kI cAra ghAtiyA karmokA nAza karake kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa|' terasie rattIe jAduttaraphAguNIe du|| maNuvattaNasuhamatula devakaya seviruNa vaasaaii| aTThAvIsa satta ya mAse divase ya baarsm|| AbhiNivohiyadI chaTThaNa ya mggsiisbhulaae| dasamIe Nikyato suramahido nnikkhmnnpujjo|| gamaya chadumatyatta vArasavAsANi pacamAse y| paNNArasANi diNANi ya tiradaNasuddho mhaaviiro|| ujukUlaNadItIre jabhiyagAme bahiM silAna / chaTheNAdAvate abaraNhe paadchaayaae| vaisAhajoNhapale dasamIe svyseddhimaaruddho| hatUNa dhAikamma kevalaNANa mmaavnnnno||"

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jainadharma ratAko chor3akara zAntise bhagavAnakA upadeza sunate the| isa taraha bhavAna kAzI, kozala, paMcAla, kaliMga, kurujAMgala, kamboja, vAlhIka, hanya, gAdhAra Adi dezomeM vihAra karate hue antameM pAvA nagarI bihAra) meM pdhaare| aura vahA~le kArtika kRSNA caturdazIkI rAnimeM arthAt amAvasyAke prAtaHkAlameM sUryodayase pahale muktilAma kiyaa| sA ki likhA hai| 'unatIsa varSa, pAMca mAsa aura bIsa dinataka RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra ina cAra prakArake muniyo aura bAraha gaNo arthAt mAoke sAtha vihAra karaneke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIrane pAvA nagarame jatika kRSNA caturdazIke dina svAti nakSatrake rahate hue, rAtrike samaya aghoti karmarUpI rajako chedakara nirvANako prApta kiyaa| / vartamAname jo vIra nirvANa samvat jainomeM pracalita hai, usake anura 527 I0 pU0 meM vIrakA nirvANa huA mAnA jAtA hai| kucha cIna jana-granthome zakarAjAse 605 varSa 5 mAsa pahale vIrake sarvANa honekA ullekha milatA hai| usase bhI isI kAlakI puSTi jAtI hai| 1 pujyapAda racita saskRta nirvANabhaktimeM likhA hai"vApurasya vahinatabhUnideze papotpalAkulavatA sarasA hi mdhye| varSanAnajinadeva iti pretIto nirvANamApa bhagavAn prvivtmaamaa||24|| 6 jayaM-"pAvApurake bAhara spita, aura kamalose vyApta sarovara bIcameM, nenata nidezapara kA~kA nAga karake bhagavAn mahAvIrane nirvANa lAbha kiyaa|' 2 "vAsAgUpattItaM paca ra mAse va bIna divase / / caviha agagArehi ya vArahadihi (nahi) viharitA / / pacchA pAvANayare kattiyanAsana kinnhcoisie| mAdIe rattIe mesarayaM hetu miyaao||3||" -0 dhava0 saM0, 1,pR01| 'jivANe vIrajiNe uvAsasadetu pNcvrime| paNamAmemu gadesu najAdo sugaNio ahvaa||146ET" -tri0pra0

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itihAsa -- 4 - bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt jainadharmakI sthiti " bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhameM jaina aura boddhasAhityase jo ku ...nakArI prApta hotI hai, usaparase yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai mahAvIra eka mahApuruSa the, aura usa samayake puruSopara unakA mAna sika aura AdhyAtmika prabhAva baDA gaharA thA / unake prabhAva dIrghadRSTi aura nispRhatAkA hI yaha pariNAma hai jo Aja bhI jan dharma apane janmasthAna bhAratadezameM banA huA hai jaba ki boddha " zatAbdiyo pUrva yahA~se lupta-sA ho gayA thA / 1 4 bhagavAna mahAvIrakA aneka rAjagharAnoMpara bhI gaharA prabhAva thA M bhagavAna mahAvIra jJAtRvazI the aura unakI mAtA licchavi gaNataMtra pradhAna ceTakakI putrI thii| IsAse pUrva chaThI zatAbdImeM pUrvIya bhArata licchavi rAjavaza mahAna aura zaktizAlI thA / DA0 yAkovIne likha hai ki jaba campAke rAjA kuNikane eka bar3I senAke sAtha rA ceTakapara AkramaNa karanekI taiyArI kI to ceTakane kAzI au kauzalake aTThAraha rAjAoko tathA licchavi aura malloko bulAya aura unase pUchA ki Apa loga kuNikakI mAMga pUrA karanA cAhate ! athavA usase laDanA cAhate hai ? mahAvIrakA nirvANa honepara i ghaTanAkI smRtimeM ukta aTThAraha rAjAone milakara eka mahotsava manAyA thA / ' " isase spaSTa hai ki usa samayake pramukha rAjavaga pratyakSa ya parokSa rUpase mahAvIrase prabhAvita the / isake sivAya bhagavAna mahAvIrake gyAraha pradhAna ziSya ye jiname mukhya gautama gaNadhara the / bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt una ziSyomese tIna kevala jJAnI hue gautama gaNadhara, sudharmAsvAmI zrI jambUsvAmI / tathA inake pazcAt pA~ca zrutakevalI hue - viSNu, na mitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu / antima zruta kevalI madrava

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janavarma gadhame durbhikSa par3anepara eka bar3e jana saMghake sAtha dakSiNa degako cale ye, jisake kAraNa tamila aura karnATaka pradegameM jainadharmakA khUba sAra humaa| ___ ata. bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt jainadharmakI sthitikA paricaya rAnake liye use do bhAgome vaoNTa denA anucita na hogA---eka ttara bhAratameM jainadharmakI sthiti aura dUsarA dakSiNa bhAratameM janamakI sthiti / uttara bhAratame jainadharma uttara bhAratake vibhinna prAntomeM jainadharmakI sthiti tathA rAjarAnopara usake prabhAvakA paricaya karAnese pUrva pUrI sthitikA vihaMvalokana karanA anucita na hogaa| / vibhinna vauddha itihAsajJoke kathanase patA calatA hai ki buddha narvANake pazcAt prathama zatImeM uttara bhAratake vibhinna sthAnomeM jaina hoga pramukha the| cInI yAtrI huenatsAga IsvI san kI sAtavI gatIme garata AyA thaa| vaha apane yAtrA vivaraNameM nAlandA vihArakA varNana karate hue likhatA hai ki eka nirjanya (jaina) sAdhune jojyotipa vidyAkA jAnakAra thA, naye bhavanakI saphalatAkI bhaviSyavANI kI thii| isase prakaTa hai ki usa samaya magadha rAjyameM jaina dharma phailA huA thaa| sainadharmakI unnatikA sUcaka dUsarA mutya pramANa agokakI prasiddha goSaNA hai, jisameM nimranyoMko dAna denekI AjJA hai| jo batalAtI hai ke azokake samayameM jaina-jo pahale nirjanyake nAmase tyAta the yogya mAne jAte the tathA itane prabhAvazAlI the ki anoka kI rAjyaghoSaNA unakA mukhya rUpase nirdeza karanA Avazyaka samajhA gyaa| uttara bhAratase jainadharmakI unnatikI dRSTile kaliMgakA nAna ullekhanIya hai| IsvI pUrva dUsarI zatAbdIkA prasiddha khAravela zilArekha kaliMgameM jainadharmakI pragatiko pramANita karatA hai| zrI ragA - vAmI AyaMgarake matAnusAra vauddhadharmake pracArake prati azokane jo

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, itihAsa utsAha dikhalAyA usake phalasvarUpa jainadharmakA kendra magadhase uThakara kaliMga calA gayA jahA~ huenatsAgake samayataka janadharma phailA huA thaa| ___ khAravela zilAlekhakI taraha hI prasiddha mathurAke zilAlekha prakaTa , karate hai ki IsAkI prathama zatAbdIse bahuta pahalese mathurA jainadharmakA eka mukhya kendra thaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANake pazcAta lagabhaga pAMca zatAbdiyo taka jainadharma uttara bhAratake vibhinna pradezome baDI tejIkapa sAtha unnati karatA rahA / kintu sAtavI zatAbdIke pazcAtya usakA patana prArambha ho gyaa| Age uttara bhAratake pratyeka prAntame bhagavAna mahAvIrake bAda janadharmakI sthitikA paricaya karAte hue aise rAjavazo aura pramukha rAjAokA paricaya karAyA jAtA hai, jinhone jainadharmako apanAyA yA jinake sAhAyyase jainadharma phUlA aura phalA / usase pahale uttara bhAratake prArabhika itihAsakA vihagAvalokana karAnA anucita na hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayame magadhake siMhAsanapara zizunAga vazI rAjA bimbasAra upanAma zreNika virAjamAna the| unakA uttarA dhikArI unakA putra ajAta zatru (kuNika) huaa| ajAta zatruna apane nAnA ceTakake rAjyapara AkramaNa karake vaizAlI tathA licchavi dezoko magadha sAmrAjyame milA liyA aura rAjagRhIke sthAnapara vaizAlIko rAjavAnI bnaayaa| ajAta zatruke putra udayanane pATalIputrako magadhakI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isa vazake rAjyacyuta honepara nandavazakA rAjya huA aura candragupta mauryane nandokA siMhAsana chIna liyaa| ___candraguptake bAda usakA putra vindusAra gaddI para baitthaa| aura vindusArake bAda usakA putra azoka padAsIna huaa| azokake bAda usake cAra uttarAdhikArI aura hue| antima mauryasamrATa vRhadrathako ' usake senApati puSyamitrane mArakara siMhAsanapara kabjA kara liyA aura isa taraha zuMgavazakA rAjya huaa|

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jainadharma abhI puSyamitra magadha ke siMhAsanapara jama bhI na pAyA thA ki use to prabala zatrumokA sAmanA karanA par3A-uttara pazcimIya sImA pAntase manIndrane usake rAjyapara AkramaNa kara diyA aura dakSiNase kaliMgarAja khAravelane / tIsarI pIDhIke bAda zugavaza bhI samApta ho gyaa| usake bAda AndhrokA rAjya huA jo dakSiNI the| IsAkI cauthI zatAbdIke prArambhameM Andhroke eka adhikArIne hI jisakA nAma yA upAdhi gupta thI, guptavaMzakI nIva ddaalii| astu, bhava prakRta viSaya para aaiye| 1bihArameM jainadharma bihAra to bhagavAna mahAvIrakI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi aura nirvANa bhUmi honeke sAtha-sAtha kAryabhUmi bhI rahA hai| vahA~ke raoNjagharAnose mahAvIra bhagavAnakA kauTumbika sambandha bhI thaa| phalata unake samayame aura unake bAda bhI vahAM jainadharmakA acchA prasAra humA aura kaI rAjAo aura rAjagharAnone use apanAyA, jinameMse kuchakA paricaya isa prakAra hai rAjA ceTaka / jainasAhityame vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakakI vaDI khyAti pAI jAtI hai| isake kaI kAraNa hai| prathama to yaha rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIrakA mahAna upAsaka thA, dUsare bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA devI trizalA rAjA ceTakakI putrI thii| rAjA ceTakake ATha kanyAeM thI aura usa samayake pramukha rAjagharAnome unakA vivAha huA thA / sindhusauvIra dezakA rAjA udayana, avantInareza pradyota, kauzAmbIkA rAjA zatAnIka, campAkA rAjA dadhivAhana, aura magadhakA rAjA zreNika (vibasAra) ye saba rAjA ceTakake jAmAtA the / janasAhityame kuNika aura bauddhasAhityameM ajAtazatruke nAmase prasiddha magadhasamrATa tathA jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa sampradAyaka kathAsAhityameM prasiddha vatsarAja udayana, ye dono ceTaka rAjAke sage dauhitra the| rAjA ceTaka bhAratake tatkAlIna

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itihAsa gaNasattAka rAjyomese eka pradhAna rAjyake nAyaka the| ve jaina zrAvara the, unhone pratijJA le rakhI thI ki ve jainake sivA kisI dUsarese apana kanyAmakA vivAha na kreNge| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ukta saba rAja gharAne jainadharmako pAlate the| rAjA udayanako to jainasAhityA spaSTa rUpase janazrAvaka batalAyA hai / udayanakI rAnIne apane mahala eka caityAlaya banavA liyA thA aura usame pratidina jina bhagavAnarka pUjA kiyA karatI thii| pahale rAjA udayana tApasarmiyokA bhakta thApIche dhIre-dhIre jina bhagavAnake Upara zraddhA karane lagA thaa| sva. DA0 yAkobI likhate hai ki ceTaka jainadharmakA mahAna AzrayadAtA thaa| usake kAraNa vaizAlI jainadharmakA eka sarakSaNasthA banA huA thaa| isIse bauddhoMne use pAkhaNDiyokA maTha batalAyA hai rAjA zreNika - (I0 pU0 601-552) __ bhAratake itihAsameM bahuta prasiddha magavAdhipati rAjA vimbasAra jainasAhityame zreNikake nAmase ati prasiddha hai| yaha rAjA pahale vauddha' bhagavAnakA anuyAyI thA / eka bAra kisI citrakArane use eka rAjakanyAkA citra bheTa kiyA / rAjA citra dekhakara mohita ho gyaa| citrakArase usane kanyAke pitAkA nAma pUchA to use jJAta huA ki vaha vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakakI sabase choTI putrI celanA hai| zreNikane rAjA' ceTakase use mAMgA kintu ceTakane yaha kahakara apanI kanyA denese inkAra kara diyA ki rAjA zraNika vidharmI hai aura eka vidharmIko vaha apanI kanyA nahIM de sakatA / tava zreNikake vaDe putra abhayakumArane kauzalapUrvaka celanAkA haraNa karake use apane pitAko sauMpa diyaa| dono premapUrvaka rahane lge| dhIre-dhIre calanAke prayatnase rAjA zreNika janavamaMkI ora AkRSTa huA aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA anuyAyI ho gyaa| vaha mahAvIrakI upadeza sabhAkA mukhya zrotA thaa| jana zAstroke prArambhame isa bAtakA ullekha rahatA hai ki rAjA zreNikke

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janana pUchanepara bhagavAnane aisA khaa|dhennikke celanAne kuNika (majAtana) nAmakA putra humA / java kuNika magarake siMhAsana para baiga to usane apane pitA zreNikako kaida karake eka piMjaremeM banda kara diyaa| eka dina kuNika apane putrako pyAra kara rahA thaa| unakI mAtA calanA usake pAsa baiThI huI thii| usane apanI mAtAne kahA-"mAM ! jaimA meM apane putrako pyAra karatA hUM, kyA koI anya bhI apane putrako vaisA pyAra kara sakatA hai| yaha nunakara celanAkI A~khomeM A~sU lA gye| kuNikane isakA kAraNa pUchA to celanA bolI-putra / tumhAre pitA tumheM bahuta pyAra karate the| eka bAra jaba tuma choTe the to tumhAre hAyakI aMgulImeM bahuta pIDA thii| tumheM rAtriko nIda nahI AtI thii| 'taba tumhAre pitA tumhArI rasta aura pIvase bharI huI aMgulIko apane muMhameM rakhakara sote the kyoMki isase tumheM gAnti milatI thii|' yaha sunate hI kuNikako apane kAryapara kheda huA aura vaha piMjarA tor3akara pitAko bAhara nikAlaneke liye kulhAr3A lekara doDA / rAjA zreNikane jo isa taraha jAte hue kuNikako dekhA to samajhA ki yaha mujhe mArane A rahA hai| ata kuNikake pahu~caneke pahale hI piMjare meM sira mArakara mara gyaa| Ajase 82 hajAra varSa bAda jaba puna .tIrthakara hone prArambha hoge to rAjA zreNika jainadharmakA prathama tIrthadUra hogaa|" ajAtazatru (552-518 I0pU0) / yadyapi bauddhasAhityameM ajAtagatruke bauddhadharma aMgIkAra karanekA - ullekha milatA hai, tathApi khoja karanese pratIta hotA hai ki ajAtazatru / janadharmakI tarapha adhika AkarSita thaa| - sva. DA0 yAkobI jainasUtrokI prastAvanAma likhate hai 'ajAtagAne apane rAjyake prArambhakAlame vauddhokI tarapha koI / sahAnubhUti nahIM dikhalAI thii| kintu buddhake nirvANase 8 varSa

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itihAsa -LAN pahale vaha buddhakA AzrayadAtA banA thaa| kintu usa samaya vaha sadbhAvanApUrvaka bauddhadharmAnuyAyI banA thA, yaha to hama nahI maan| skte| kAraNa yaha hai ki jo manuSya khulI rItise apane pitAkA khUnI thA tathA apane nAnAke sAtha jisane laDAI lar3I thI vaha manuSya adhyAtmajJAnake liye bahuta utsuka ho yaha asaMbhava hai| unake dharmaparivartana karanekA kyA uddezya thA isakA hama saralatAse anumAna kara sakate hai| bAta yaha hai ki usane apane nAnA vaizAlIke rAjAke : sAtha yuddha kiyA thaa| yaha rAjA mahAvIrakA mAmA (nAnA) thA aura janokA saMrakSaka thA / isaliye isaka Upara caDhAI karaneke kAraNa ajAtazatru jainoko sahAnubhUti kho baitthaa| isase usane jainoke pratispardhI bauddhoke sAtha milanekA nizcaya kiyA thaa|' Age DA0 yAkobI likhate haiM 'ajAtazatru eka to vaizAlIko jItaneme saphala humA thA, dUsaro usane nando aura mauryoka sAmrAjyakA pAyA khaDA kiyA thaa| isara * prakAra magadha sAmrAjyakI sImA baDhanese jaina aura bauddha donoN| dharmoke liye nayA kSetra khula gayA thaa| isase ve dono turanta hI usa kSetrame phaila gaye / jaba dUsare sampradAya sthAnIya aura mA yI mahattva prApta karake hI raha gaye tava ye donodharma itanI bar3I saphalatA prApta karanama samartha hue the| isakA mukhya kAraNa anya kuch| nahIM, kevala yaha maMgalakArI rAjanaitika saMyoga thaa|' ___hamAre matase jaino aura bauddhokI saphalatAkA kAraNa kevala" rAjanaitika saMyoga nahI thA, kintu phira bhI vaha eka pravala kAraNa avazya thaa| astu / nandavaMza (60 pU0 305) udAyIke bAda magadhake siMhAsanapara nandavaMzakA adhikAra humA ! mahArAja khArakhelake zilAlekhase patA calatA hai ki mahArAja nandane

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230 janadharma apane rAjyakAlame kaliMga dezapara caDhAI kI thii| aura vaha kaligake rAjagharAnase zrIRSabhadevakI pratimA uThAkara le gaye the| isa ghaTanAke 300 varSa vAda kaligAdhipati khAravelane java magadhapara caDhAI karake use jIta liyA to magadhAdhipati puSyamitrane vaha pratimA khAravelako loTAkara use prasanna kara liyA / eka pUjya vastukA isa prakAra 300 varSa ka eka rAjagharAneme surakSita rahanA isa vAtakA sAkSI hai ki ndavazame usakI pUjA hotI thii| yadi aisA na hotA aura nandavaza nidharmakA virodhI hotA to ukta mUrti isa prakAra surakSita nahI rhtii| drArAkSasa nATakameM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki cANakyane nanda rAjAke matrI kSasako vizvAsa dekara phAMsaneke liye apane eka cara jIvasiddhiko paNaka banAkara bhejA thA / aura kSapaNakakA artha koSagranthome nagna na sAghu pAyA jAtA hai / ata nandakA matrI rAkSasa jaina thA aura jA nanda bhI sambhavata jaina thaa| mauryasamrATa candragupta / (I0 pU0 320) maurya samrATa candragupta jaina the| inake samayame magadhame 12 varSakA kara durbhikSa par3A thaa| usa samaya ye apane putrako rAjya sauMpakara apane guru jainAcArya bhadrabAhuke sAtha dakSiNakI ora cale gaye the| aura pyA karate hue bAraha varSa pazcAt candra giri parvatapara mRtyuko ta hue the| isa ghaTanAke pakSame aneka pramANa pAye jAte hai| ati tIna naganya tiloyapaNNattimeM likhA hai "mukuTadhArI rAjAoma antima candraguptane jinadIkSA dhAraNa kii| ke pazcAt kisI mukuTadhArI rAjAne jinadIkSA nahIM lii|' pahale itihAsajJa isa kathanakI satyatAme vizvAsa karaneko ra nahIM the| kintu jaba maisUra rAjyame zravaNavelagula nAmaka ke candragiri parvanaparake lekha prakAgame Aye to itihAmajoko 110 146

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itihAsa use svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| levisa rAisane sarva prathama ina zilA lekhoMkI khojakI aura unakA anuvAda karake vidvAnoke liye unheM sulabha banA diyaa| unake isa matakA ki candragupta jana thA aura vaha dakSiNa AyA thA, mi0 thAmasa jaise pramukha vidvAnone jorasa samarthana kiyaa| 'jaina dharma athavA agokakA pUrva dharma' zIrSaka apana rekhame vaha kahate haiM-'candragupta jaina thA' isa bAtako lekhakone svAbhA vika ghaTanAke rUpame liyA hai aura use isa rUpame mAnA hai jaise vaha eva aisI satya ghaTanA hai, jisake liye na to kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA aura na pradarzana kii| isa ghaTanAka lekhya pramANa apekSAkRta prAcIna hai aura spaSTa rUpase sandeha rahita hai| kyoki unakI sUcIme azokaka nAma nahIM hai| azoka apane dAdA candraguptase bahuta adhika zakti gAlI thA aura jaina loga usake sambandhame sayuktika Dhagasa yaha dAva kara sakate the ki vaha jaina dharmakA prabala samarthaka thA / kahI azoka apanA dharma parivartana to nahI kara liyA thaa| megAsthinIjakI sAkSa bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki cadraguptane zramaNokI dhArmika zikSAoke svIkAra kiyA thA aura brAhmaNoke siddhAntoko vaha nahIM mAnata thA / " isa prakAra sAdhAraNatayA vidvAn isa viSayame ekamata hai vi candragupta jaina thaa| ___candraguptane rAjya tyAga diyA thA aura vaha zravaNavela golAme jaina sAdhu hokara marA, isa vAtakA samarthana sva0 DA0 vI0 e0 smithana apane 'bhAratakA prAcIna itihAsa' nAmaka granthake prathama saskaraNa kiyA thaa| candraguptakI mRtyukA ullekha karate hue mi0 smitha kahara hai ki-'candragupta choTI avasthA meM hI rAjasiMhAsana para baiTha gaya thA aura cuki usane kevala caubIsa varSa rAjya kiyaa| ata 58 varSakI avasthAse pUrva avazya hI usakA maraNa ho jAnA cAhiye 1 jarnala Apha dI rAyala sirIja, lekha 8 / 2 sTaDIja ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma, pR0 22 / meM hI rAjya kiyaa| cAhiye

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32 jainadharma isa prakAra usakI mRtyuke samaya ke viSayame anizcitatAkA vAtAviraNa hai / itihAsana hameM yaha nahIM batalAte ki vaha kaise marA / yadi jvaha yuddha sthalameM marA hotA yA apane jIvana ke sudinoMmeM marA hotA to * isa ghaTanAkA ullekha hotA / levisa rAIsake dvArA khoja nikAle D ye zraardenian zilAlekhoet avizvasanIya mAnanA janokI ra samasta paramparA aura ullekhoko avizvasanIya mAnanA hai / aura eka itihAsa ke liye itanI dUra jAnA bahuta adhike Apattijanaka hai | aisI sthitimeM levisa rAIsake sAtha yadi hama yaha vizvAsa kareM ki candragupta jaina vratoMko dhAraNa karake mahAna bhadravAhake sAtha candragiri parvata para calA gayA thA to kyA hama galtI para hai ?" T apanI pustake dUsare saMskaraNameM smithane apane ukta matame parivartana kara diyA thA kintu tIsare saMskaraNameM unhone apanI bhUla svIkAra karate hue likhA ra 'mujhe aba vizvAsa ho mukhya-mukhya bAtomeM yathArtha hai kara jaina muni hue the / ' calA hai ki jainokA yaha kathana prAya aura candragupta sacamuca rAjya tyAga sva0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAlane likhA hai' - 'koI kAraNa nahI haiM ki hama jainiyo ke isa kathanako ki candragupta apane rAjya ke antima dinomeM jaina ho gayA thA aura pIche rAjya choDakara jina dIkSA le munivRttise maraNako prApta huA, na mAne / me pahalA hI vyakti yaha mAnanevAlA nahI hU~ / mi0 rAIsane, jinhone zravaNabelagolA Rs 1 ke zilAlekhakA adhyayana kiyA hai, pUrNa rUpase apanI sammati isI pakSa 1 meM dI hai| aura mi0 vi0 smitha bhI antameM isI matakI ora jhuke hai / ' x samrATa azoka ( I0 pU0 277 } samrAT azoka candragupta mauryakA pautra thaa| jaina granthome isake 1 jarnala Apha dI bihAra uDImA rimarca monAyaTI, jilda 3 /

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itihAsa jaina honeke pramANa milate hai| kucha vidvAnokA mata hai ki azoSa pahale jainadharmakA upAsaka thA, pIche bauddha ho gyaa| isama eka prama ' yaha diyA jAtA hai ki azokake una lekhomeM jiname usaka spaSTata bauddha honeke koI saMketa nahI pAye jAte, balki jaina siddhAntoke hai bhAvokA Adhikya hai, rAjAkA upanAma 'devAnApiya piyadasI' 50 jAtA hai| devanApiya' vizeSata. janagranthome hI rAjAkI upAdhi pAI jAtI hai| para azokake 22 ve varSakI bhAvarAkI prazastima jisameM usake bauddha honeke spaSTa pramANa hai, usakI padavI kevara 'piyadasi' pAI jAtI hai, 'devAnA piya' nhii| isI bIcame vaha jainara bauddha humA hogaa| vidvAnokA yaha bhI mata hai ki azokane ahiMsAvaM viSayame jo niyama pracArita kiye the ve bauddhokI apekSA janAra adhika milate haiN| jaise, vahutase pakSiyo aura caupAyokA, jo vi na bhogame Ate hai na khAye jAte hai, mAranA varjita karanA, kevala anartha aura vihiMsAke liye jagaloko jalAnekA niSedha karanA aura kucha khAsa tithiyo aura parvopara jIvahiMsAko banda kara denA Adi / pro karnalane, jo bauddhazAstroke bahuta bar3e adhikArI vidvAn mAne jAte rahe hai yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki azokakI rAjyanItimeM bauddhaprabhA khojane para bhI nahIM miltaa| usakI ghoSaNAeM,jo mitavyayI jIvanase sambaddha hai-bauddhokI apekSA jaina vicArose atyadhika mela khAtI hai / samrATa samprati (I0 pU0 220) "samprati azokakA pautra thaa| ise jainAcArya suhastIne ujjainame jainadharmakI dIkSA dI thii| usake bAda sampratine 'jainadharmake liye vahI 1. inDiyana e TIkverI, jilda 5 meN| 2. 'aralI phetha oNpha azoka / ' 3. dekho-bhAratIya itihAsakI rUparekhA, pR.0 616 / jinaprama sUrina pATaliputra kalpagranthama eka sthAnapara likhA hai"kuNAlasUnustrikhaNDabharatAdhipa. paramAhato anAryadezeSvapi pravartitazramaNa

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janadharma ma kiyA jo azokane bauddhadharmake lie kiyaa| uttara pazcimake nAryadezoMme bhI sampratine janadharmake pracAraka bheje aura vahA~ jaina oke liye aneka vihAra sthApita kiye| azokakI taraha usane / aneka imArate bnvaaii| rAjapUtAnAkI kaI jaina racanAeM usI samayakI kahI jAtI hai| kucha vidvAnokA mata hai ki jo zilAlekha va agokake nAmase prasiddha hai, sambhavata ve sampratine likhavAye the| isa prakAra mahAvIra svAmIse lekara cAra sau varSa taka jainadharmI rAjA zreNika aura mahArAja candragupta maurya tathA unakI santAnoke mayame bhArata aura usake bAhara bhI jainadharmakA khUba pracAra rahA / sake bAda moya sAmrAjyakA hrAsa honA prArambha huA aura usake ntima samrAT bRhadathako usake brAhmaNa senApati puSyamitrana mArakara jidaNDa apane hAthame le liyaa| isane zramaNopara bar3A atyAcAra kyaa| unake vihAra aura stUpa naSTa kara diye| 2. ur3IsA meM jainadharma kaliMga cakravartI khAravela / ( I0pU0 174 ) kaliMgameM bahuta prAcIna kAlase jainadharmakI pravRtti thii| i0 pU0 124 ke lagabhaga magadhasamrAT nanda kaliMgako jItakara vahA~se prathama janakI mUrti magara le gayA thaa| samrAT sampratike samaya vahA~ cediva kA puna rAjya huA, isI vagakA prasiddha samrAT khAravela thA / kaliMga cakravartI mahArAjA khAravelako usa yugakI rAjanItime sbse| adhika mahatvakA vyakti mAnA jAtA hai| inake hAthIgumphAme pAyavahAra samprati mahArAjA'sI abhavat / " isakA bhAva yaha hai ki kuNAlakA ina mahArAja samprati huA, jo bhAratake tIna khaNDIkA svAmI thA, sahanta gavAnakA makta-jaina thA aura jimane janAya dezoMmeM bhI zramaNo-jaina maniyokAvihAra karAyA thaa| 1. dego bhAratIya itihAnakI rUparekhA, pR0 715 //

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itihAsa gaye zilAlekhakA ullekha pahale kiyA gayA hai| usa lekhake anusA khAravela jaina thaa| balki ur3IsAkA sArA rASTra usa samaya mukhyata jaina hI thaa| sva0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla likhate hai 'jainadharmakA praveza ur3IsAme zizunAgavaMzI rAjA nandavardhana samayame ho gayA thaa| khAravelake samayase pUrva bhI udayagiri parvatapA' arhantoke mandira the, kyoMki unakA ullekha khAravelake lekhame Aya / hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki khAravelake samayame jainadharma kaI zatA bdiyo taka uDIsAkA rASTIya dharma raha cukA thaa|' _____ mahArAjA khAravelane 15 varSakI avasthAme yuvarAja pada prApta kiyA aura 24 varSako avasthAme inakA mahArAjyAbhiSeka huA se usake bAda dUsare hI varSa usane sAtakaNikI paravAha na karake pazcima dezako apanI senA bhejI aura usa senAne mUSika nagarako parAsta kiyaa| cauthe varSa khAravelane phira pazcimapara caDhAI kI ara' raThikoke bhojaka apane mukuTa aura chatra-zrRGgAra choDakara usake caraNo para jhukaneko bAdhya hue| vAsnIkA yavanarAjA eka bhArI senA le madhyadezapara caDha aayaa| khAravelane Age bar3hakara dimitako nikAla bhgaayaa| madhyadezase yavanoMko pUrI taraha khadeDanekA zreya khAravelako hI hai| vArahave varSame usane paJjAvapara car3hAI kii| sAtakarNIke, rAjyapara do caDhAiyA~ karane aura yavanarAja dimitako madhyadezase nikAla bhagAneke bAda khAravela apane samayake saba bhAratIya rAjAome pramukha mAnA jAne lgaa| abhI taka usane apane deza kaliMgake pacchimI paDosI rAjya mUpika aura mahArASTrapara tathA uttara paDosI rAjya magadhapara caDhAiyoM kI thii| aba usane uttara aura dakkhiname dUra dUra taka digvijaya karanA zurU kiyaa| usakI zakti bhAratake antima choro taka pahuMca gaI / bArahave varSa usane uttarApathake rAjAmoko trasta kiyaa| magadhapara car3hAI karake magadhake rAjA puSyamitrako pairo gira 1 ja0 vi0 u0ri0 so0 jilda 3, pR0 448 / -

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yaa| rAjA nandakI la gaihuI kaliga jinamatiko sthApita kiyaa| sa mahAvijayake bAda, jaba ki zuMga aura sAtavAhana tathA uttarApathake' / vina sava daba gaye, khAravelane jainadharmakA mahA anuSThAna kiyA / unhone bhAratavarSa bharake jaina yatiyo, jaina tapasviyo, jaina RSiyoM aura paDitoko bulAkara eka dharma-sammelana kiyaa| janasaMghane khAravelako mahAvijyoM kI padavIke sAtha khemarAjA', 'bhinurAjA aura dharmarAjAkI padavI dii| isake samayame jainadharmakA bar3A utkarSa huaa| ___ isa zilAlekhameM saM0 165 diyA hai, jise sva0 jAyasavAlane nArya samvat siddha kiyA hai, jo ki mahArAja candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNakAla (I0 pU0 321) se calA hogA / eka svataMtra rAjAne isare rAjAke calAye hue samvatkA upayoga kyo kiyA? isake uttarama' jAyasavAlajIkA kahanA hai ki candragupta mauryakA jaina honA janananthoM vazilAlekhoMse siddha hai| ata eka jaina rAjAke calAye hue samvatkA dUsarA jaina rAjA upayoga kare to isame Azcarya kyA hai ? ___ isa prakAra vihAra va uDIsA, mahAvIrake pazcAt bhI jainadharmakA khUba utkarSa huaa| IsvI 308 meM pATalIputra nagarake pAsa eka gAMvake choTese rAjA candraguptako licchavikrAko knyA kumAradevI vyAhI thii| yaha licchavivaza varaNAlIke rAjA usI ceTakakA vaMza hai jinakI kanvAnose mahAvIra svAmIke pitA rAjA siddhArtha aura magavake rAjA zreNika vagairahakA vivAha huA thaa| candraguptane ese mahAna vaMzakI kanyAse vivAha honeko apanA bahuta bhArI gaurakha mAnA / vAstavameM isa sambandhake pratApase hI vaha mahArAja ho gg| usane apane sikkopara licchaviyoMkI veTIke nAmase apanI strIko bhI mUrti vnvaaii| usakI santAna bar3e garvase apaneko licchaviyokA dauhitra kahA karatI thii| kintu candraguptane eka bauddha sAvuke upadegase vauddhadharma grahaNa kara liyA, aura usake putra samudraguptane brAhmaNadharma svIkAra krliyaa| phira bhI I0 naM0 629 meM Aye cInI yAtrI huenatsAMgane

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itihAsa vaizAlI, rAjagRha, nAlaMdA aura puNDavarddhaname aneka nirgrantha sAdhuoMka dekhA thaa| vaha kaliMga dezako jainokA mukhya sthAna kahatA hai| isa spaSTa hai ki khAravelake vAda bhI itane sudIrgha kAlataka jainadharma kaliMga banA rhaa| samrAT khAravelake bAda aisA pratApazAlI jaina rAja anya nahIM huaa| yadyapi jainadharma prAya sabhI rAjavazoke samayame phalA phUlA, aura aneka anya rAjAone se sAhAyya bhI diyA, kintu jina hama pUrI tarahase jaina kaha sakeM aise rAjA kama hI hue| ca 3. baGgAlameM jainadharbha kinhI vidvAnokI dRSTise jainadharmakA Adi aura pavitra sthAna magadha aura pazcima baMgAla samajhA jAtA hai| eka sanaya vagAla bauddhadharmakI apekSA jainadharmakA vizeSa pracAra batalAyA jAtA hai| vahA~ke mAnabhUma, siMhabhUma, vIrabhUma aura bardavAna jilokA nAmakaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake varvamAna nAmake AdhArapara hI huA hai / jara kramaza jainadharma lupta ho gayA to bauddha dharmane usakA sthAna grahaNa kiyA baMgAlake pazcimI hisseme jo sarAka jAtI pAI jAtI hai vaha jo zrAvakoMkI pUrvasmRti karAtI hai| ava bhI bahutase jainamandirova dhvaMsAvazeSa, jainamUrtiyA~, zilAlekha vagairaha jaina smRticihna bagAlava bhinna-bhinna bhAgomeM pAya jAte haiN| zrIyuta ke0 DI0 mitrAkI khoja phalasvarUpa sundaravanake eka bhAgase hI dasa jainamUrtiyAM prApta huI hai| vA~kurA aura vIrabhUma jilome abhI bhI prAya jana pratimAboke milane kA samAcAra pAyA jAtA hai| zrI rAkhaladAsa vana ne isa kSetra tatkAlIna jainiyokA eka pradhAna kendra batAyA thaa| san 1940 ne pUrva baMgAlake pharIdapura jileka eka gA~vame eka jainamUrti nikalI thI jo: phITa 3 icakI hai| baMgAlake kucha hissoMmeM virATa janamUrtiyA~ mara58 nAmase pUjI jAtI hai| vAMkuDA, mAnabhUma vagairaha sthAnomeM au dehAtome Ajakala bhI jainamandiroke dhvasAvazeSa pAye jAte hai mAnabhUmameM paMcakoTake rAjAke adhInastha aneka gAMvo vizAla jaina

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jainadharma 1 tiyokI pUjA hindU purohita yA brAhmaNa karate hai / ve bhairavake nAmase kArI jAtI hai, aura nIca yA zUdra jAtike loga vahA~ pazubali bhI karate hai / ina saba mUrtiyo ke nIce aba bhI jainalekha mila jAte hai / isa prakArakI eka lekhayukta mUrti sva0 rAkhaladAsa banarjI paMcakoTake mahArAjAke yahA~se le gaye the / zAntiniketanake AcArya kSitimohanasena' likhate hai 'parIkSA karanese baMgAlake dharmameM, AcArameM aura vratame jainavarmakA bhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| jainoke aneka zabda baMgAlameM pracalita hai / prAcIna vagAlI lipike bahutase ganda vizeSa torase yuktAkSara devanAgarI ke sAtha nahI milate, parantu prAcIna jainalipise mela khAte haiM / ' 4 gujarAta meM jainadharma 1 5 'gujarAtake sAtha jainadharmakA samvandha bahuta prAcIna hai / 22 beM tIrthaGkara zrIneminAthane yahIke giranAra parvata para jinadIkSA lekara muktilAbha kiyA thA / yahA~kI hI valmI nagarImeM vIra nirvANa umvat 883 meM ekatra hue khetAmbara saMghane apane Agamagranthoko vyavasthita karake unako lipibaddha kiyA thaa| jaise dakSiNa bhAratame "dagambara jainokA prAbalya rahA hai, lagabhaga vase hI gujarAtame zvetAsvara jainoMkA prAbalya rahA hai / gujarAtame bhI aneka rAjavaza jainadharmAvalambI hue hai / rASTakUTokA rAjya bhI gujarAtameM rahA hai| gujarAtake saMjAna sthAnase prApta eka zilAlekha meM amoghavarSa prathamakI prazaMsA kI gaI hai tathA "amoghavarSake guru zrI jinasenane apanI jayadhavalA TIkAkI prazastime 1. vizvavANIkA jaina saskRti aMka, pU0 204 | a 2. Architecture of Ahamdabad meM likhA hai ki-- yaha mAlUma nahIM ki jainadharma gujarAta meM paidA huA yA kahoMte nAyA, kintu jahA~taka imArA jJAna jAtA hai yaha prAnta isa dharmakA bahuta upayogI vara va mulya dhyAna rahA hai / ' d

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itihAsa amoghavarSakA ullekha 'gurjaranarendra" nAmase kiyA hai| isase spaSTa ki amoghavarSane gujarAtapara bhI gAsana kiyA aura usake rAjyame jIpa dharma khUba phUlA phlaa| ___rASTrakUToke hAthase nikalakara gujarAta pazcimI cAlukyoke achi| kArame calA gyaa| phira cAvaDAvaMzI vanarAjane isapara na. adhikAra kara liyaa| isa vanarAjakA lAlanapAlana eka janasAdhuva dekharekhame huA thaa| jisake prabhAvase yaha jainadharmI ho gyaa| jA isa rAjAne aNahilavADAkI sthApanA kI taba usame jainamatrokA hasa upayoga kiyA gayA thA tathA isane eka jainamandira bhI usa nagara banavAyA thaa| cAvar3AvaMzase nikalakara gujarAta puna. cAlukyoke adi kArame calA gyaa| ye loga bhI jainadharma pAlate the| inake jayara rAjA mUlarAjane aNahilavAr3Ame eka jainamandirakA nirmANa karAyA bhIma prathamake samayame usake senApati vimalane AbU parvatapara prA., jainamandira banavAyA jise "vimalavasahI' kahate hai / siddharAja jayasiMha bahuta prasiddha rAjA huA hai| isapara jainAcArya hemacandrakA vaDA pramA thaa| isIke nAmapara AcAryane apanA siddhahema vyAkaraNa racA yadyapi isane jainadharmako aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA, kintu AcAryake kahane, siddhapurameM mahAvIra svAmIkA mandira banavAyA aura giranAra parvata yAtrA bhI kii| jayasiMhake bAda kumArapAla gujarAtakI rAjagaddIpara baitthaa| isa para hemacandrAcAryakA bahuta prabhAva par3A aura isane dhIre-dhIre jainadha svIkAra kara liyaa| usake bAda isa rAjAne mAMsAhAra aura sakAra bhI tyAga kara diyA, tathA apane rAjyame bhI pazuhiMsA, mAMsAhAra au madyapAnakA niSedha kara diyaa| kasAiyoko tIna vapakI Aya peraa| de dI gii| brAhmaNoMko yajame pazuke vadale anAjase havana karane AjJA dii| isane aneka jainatIrthokI yAtrA kI, aneka janamandiroda 1. dekho-jayavavalA 1 khaM0 kI prastAvanA, pR0 74 /

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jainadharma rmANa kraayaa| isake samayameM AcArya hemacandrane aneka granthoMkI canA kii| cAlakyokA asta honepara 13 vI zatAbdIme vaghelokA rAjya aa| inake samayameM vastupAla aura tejapAla nAmaka jaina maMtriyone bUke prasiddha mandira vanavAye tathA zatrujaya aura giranArapara bhI namandira banavAye / isa prakAra gujarAtame bhI rAjAzraya milanese jainamakI bahuta unnati huii| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt vihAra, ur3IsA, tathA jarAta vagairahame lagabhaga 2000 varSa taka jainadharmakA khUba abhyudaya aa| isa kAlameM aneka prabhAvazAlI jainAcAryone apane upadezo aura svArthoke dvArA jainadharmakA prabhAva phailaayaa| akele eka samantabhadrane hI masta bhAratame ghUma-ghUma kara aneka rAjadaravAroko apanI vaktRtva zakti aura prakhara tArkika buddhise prabhAvita kiyA thA / anya prAntome bhI lAye jAnevAle jaina smArakose jainadharmake vistArakA sabUta milatA hai| 5 rAjapUtAnemeM jainadharma / sva. ojhAjIne apane rAjapUtAneke itihAsame likhA hai ki majamera jileke varlI nAmaka gAMvameM vIra samvat 84 (vi0 sa0 286 pUrva-I0 sa0 443 pUrva) kA eka zilAlekha milA hai jo jimerake myUjiyamame surakSita hai| usa parase yaha anumAna hotA hai ka lazokase pahale bhI rAjapUtAneme jainavarmakA prasAra thaa| jaina gsakokA yaha mata hai ki rAjA sampratine, jo azokakA varAja thA, jainamikI khUba unnati kI aura rAjapUtAnA tathA usake AsapAsake pradegame se utane aneka jainamandira bnvaayeN| vi0 sa0 kI dUsarI zatAbdIme ne madhurAke kakAlo TIlAke jaina stUpase tathA vahIke kucha anya sthAnole gapna prAcIna zilAlekho aura mUniyose mAlUma hotA hai ki una 'maya rAjapUtAneme bhI jainadharmakA acchA pracAra thaa| .pra.ga.pa.0 10-11 //

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jainadharma kalacurI rAjadhAnI tripurI aura ratanapura meM aba bhI aneka prAcIna na mUrtiyA~ aura khaNDahara vidyamAna hai / isa prAntame jaino ke aneka tIrtha hai-vaitUla jileme muktAgiri, gara jilemeM damohake pAsa kuNDalapura aura nimADa jilemeM siddhavara apane prAkRtika saundaryake liye bhI prasiddha hai / bhelasAka mIpakA 'vIsanagara' jainiyokA bahuta prAcIna sthAna hai| zItalanAtha rakI janmabhUmi hone se vaha atizaya kSetra mAnA jAtA hai / jainanyo meM isakA nAma bhaddalapura pAyA jAtA hai / vundelakhaNDa me bhI aneka jainatIrtha hai jinameM, sonAgira, devagaDha, nAgira, aura droNagirikA nAma ullekhanIya hai| khajurAhAke prasiddha namandira Aja bhI darzanArthiyoko AkRSTa karate hai / satarahavI tAbdI se yahA~ jainadharmakA hrAsa honA Arambha huA / jahA~ kisI samaya lAkho jainI the vahA~ aba jainadharmakA patA jaina mandiroke khaNDaharoM aura TUTI phUTI jaina mUrtiyose calatA hai / 7. uttara pradezameM jainadharma uttara pradezame jainadharmakA kendra honekI dRSTise mathurAkA nAma ullekhanIya hai / yahA~ke kaMkAlI TIlese jo lekha prApta hue hai ve I0 pU0 2rI zatAbdI se lekara I0 sa0 5vI zatAbdI takake hai, aura isa taraha ye bahuta prAcIna hai / inase patA calatA hai ki itane sudIrgha kAla taka mathurA nagarI jainadharmakA pradhAna kendra thI / jainadharmake itihAsapara ina zilAlekhose spaSTa prakAza paDatA hai / inase patA calatA hai ki jainadharmake siddhAnta ora usakI vyavasthA ati prAcIna hai / yahA~ke prAcInatama gilAlekhase bhI yahA~kA stUpa kaI zatAbdI purAnA hai isake sambandhameM phuharara sA0 'likhate hai 'yaha stUpa itanA prAcIna hai ki isa lekha ke likhe jAneke samaya stUpakA Adi vRttAnta logoko vismRta ho cukA thA / ' 1. myUjiyama riporTa, 1860-61 /

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itihAsa asalame uttara pradezame jainadharmakA itihAsa abhI taka andhakAra hai| isaliye uttara pradezake rAjAoMkA jainadharmake sAtha kaisA samvana thA yaha spaSTa rUpase nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira bhI uttara pradezame sarva jo jaina purAtattvakI sAmagrI milatI hai usase yaha patA calatA hai ki kabhI yahA~ bhI jainadharmakA acchA abhyudaya thA, aura aneka rAjAora use Azraya diyA thaa| udAharaNake liye harSavarddhana vaDA pratApa' rAjA thaa| lagabhaga samasta uttara pradezameM usakA rAjya thaa| isana pA~ca varSa taka prayAgame dhArmika mahotsava kraayaa| usame usana jainadharmake dhArmika puruSokA bhI Adara satkAra kiyA thaa| __ jo rAjA jainadharmakA pAlana nahIM karate the, kintu jainadharmake mArga bAdhA bhI nahIM dete the, aise dharmasahiSNu rAjAoke kAlame jainadharmaka, khUba unnati huii| samagra uttara aura madhya bhAratake sabhI pradezome pArya jAnevAle jainadharmake cihna isake sAkSI hai| uttara pradezake jina. jilome Aja nAmamAtrako jainI raha gaye hai uname bhI prAcIna jaina cihna pAye jAte hai| udAharaNake liye gorakhapura jileme tahasIla deva riyAma kuhAUM, va khukhundoke nAma ullekhanIya hai / ilAhAvAdase dakSiNa pazcima 11 mIlapara devariyA aura bhItAme bahutase purAtana khaNDita sthAna hai| kanigdhama sA0 kA kahanA hai ki yahA~ jAdovazake udayana rAjA rahate the, jo jainadharma pAlate the| unhone zrI mahAvIra svAmIkI eka prasiddha mUrtikA nirmANa karAyA thA, jise lene ke lie| ujjainake rAjA aura udayanase eka baDA yuddha huA thaa| valarAmapura ( avadha ) se pazcima 12 mIlapara 'saheTha mahe nAmakA sthAna hai| yahA~ khudAI kI gaI thii| yaha sthAna hI zrAvastI nagarI hai| isake sambandhame DA0 phuhararane apanI ripoTame likhA hai ki 11 vI gatAbdIme zrAvastIma jainadharmakI bahuta unnati thI kyoki khudAIme tIrtharokI kaI mUrtiyAM, jinapara savat 1112 se 1133 taka khudA hai yahA~ prApta huI hai / suhRddhvaja zrAvastIke jaina

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janadharma Taa jAtA hai| janamutiyA 27 bhopaDA phaharakA gyaa| jAo antima rAjA thaa| yaha mahamUda gajanIke samayame huA thaa| / barelI jileme ahicchatra nAmakA eka jaina tIrthasthAna hai| isa para rAjya karanevAlA eka moradhvaja nAmakA rAjAho gayA hai jo jaina tilAyA jAtA hai| yahAM kisI samaya jainadharmakI bahuta unnati thii| yahA~ aneka kheDe hai jinase janamUrtiyAM milI hai| / isI taraha iTAvAse uttara dakSiNa 27 mIlapara paravA nAmakA eka sthAna hai jahA~ jainamandirake dhvasa pAye jAte hai| DA0 phahararakA kahanA hai ki kisI samaya yahA~ jainiyokA prasiddha nagara AlabhI vasA thaa| vAliyarake kileme vizAla jainamUtiyokI bahutAyata vahA~ke prAcIna rAjagharAnokA jainadharmase samvandha sUcita karatI hai| / isa prakAra uttara bhAratameM jaina rAjAokA ullekhanIya patA na calane para bhI aneka rAjAmokA jainadharmase sahayoga sUcita hotA hai aura patA calatA hai ki mahAvIrake pazcAra uttara bhAratame bhI janavarma khUba phUlA phlaa| 8. dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharma / uttara bhAratame jainadharmakI sthitikA darzana karAneke pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratame Ate hai / candragupta maurya ke samayameM uttara bhAratame 12 varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa paDanepara jainAcArya bhadravAhune apane vizAla janasaMghake 'sAtha dakSiNa bhAratakI ora prayANa kiyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratame usa samaya bhI jainadharmakA acchA pracAra thA aura bhadrabAhuko pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki vahAM unake saghako kisI prakArakA kaSTa na hogaa| yadi aisA na hotA to va itane bar3e saMghako dakSiNa bhAratakI ora le jAnekA sAhasa na krte| jaina saMghakI isa yAtrAse dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmako aura bhI adhika phalane aura phUlanekA avasara' milaa| zramaNa saMskRti vaidika saMskRtise sadA udAra rahI hai, usameM bhASA aura adhikArakA vaisA bandhana nahIM rahA jaisA vaidika saMskRtime

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itihAsa pAyA jAtA hai| jaina tIrtha rone sadA lokabhASAko apane upadezaka mAdhyama banAyA | jainasAghu jainadharmake calate phirate pracAraka hote hai ve janatA se apanI zarIrayAtrAke liye diname eka bAra jo rUkhA-sUkha kintu zuddha bhojana lete hai usakA kaI gunA mUlya ve satzikSA au sadupadezake rUpame janatAko cukA dete hai aura zeSa samaya meM sAhityaka sRjana karake use bhAvI santAnake liye chor3a jAte hai / aise karmaTa aura janahita- nirata sAdhuokA samAgama jisa dezameM ho usa dezama unake pracArakA kucha prabhAva na ho yaha saMbhava nahI / phalataH utta bhAratake jainasaMghakI dakSiNa yAtrAne dakSiNa bhAratake jIvaname eva krAnti paidA kara dI / usakA sAhitya khUba samRddha huA aura vaha jainAcAryokI khani tathA jaina saMskRtikA saMrakSaka aura savardhaka vana gayA 40 1 jainadharmake prasArako dRSTise dakSiNa bhAratako do bhAgome bA~Ta' jA sakatA hai - tamila tathA karnATaka / tamila prAntameM cola aura pAMDyanarezone jainadharmako acchA Azraya diyA / khAravela) zilAlekhase patA calatA hai ki samrAT khAravelake rAjyAbhiSekava avasarapara pAMDyanarezane kaI jahAja upahAra bharakara bheje the } 1. pro0 rAma svAmI AyaMgara apanI 'sTaDIz2a ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma pustakameM likhate haiM- 'suzikSita jaina sAdhU choTe-choTe samUha banAkara samasta dakSiNa bhAratameM phaila gaye aura dakSiNakI bhASAmomeM apane dhArmika sAhityakA nirmA karake usake dvArA apane dhArmika vicAroMko dhIre-dhIre kintu sthAyI rUpara janatAmeM phailAne lage / kintu yaha kalpanA karanA ki ye sAdhu sAdhAraNatayA lauki kAryoMmeM udAsIna rahate the, galata hai| eka sImAtaka yaha satya hai ki ye saMsAra ' samvaddha nahI hote the / kintu megAsthanIja ke vivaraNase, hama jAnate hai ki IsTa * pUrva caturtha zatAvdItaka rAjA loga apane dUtoMke dvArA banavAsI jaina zramaNa rAjakIya mAmalo meM svataMtratApUrvaka salAha-mazavirA karate the / jaina gurumona rAjya kI sthApanA kI thI, aura ve rAjya gatAbdiyoM taka jaina vama ke prati sahiSNu bane rahe, kintu jaina dharmagranthoMmeM raktapAta ka nipadhapara jo atyadhika jora diyA gayA usa " kAraNa samasta jaina jAti rAjanaitika adhogatiko prApta ho gii|" pR0 105 - 106 '

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jainadharma namrAT khAravela jaina thA aura pAMDyanareza bhI jaina the| pADayavazane jainadharmako na kevala Azraya hI diyA kintu usake AcAra aura vacAroko bhI apanAyA / isase unakI rAjadhAnI madurA dakSiNa bhAratameM jainokA pramukha sthAna bana gaI thii| tamila grantha 'nAlidiyara' ke sambandhameM kahA jAtA hai ki uttara bhAratame duSkAla par3anepara ATha hajAra jaina sAdhu pAMDyadezame Aye the| java ve vahA~le vApisa jAne lage to pADayanarezane unheM vahI rakhanA caahaa| taba unhone eka dina rAtrike samaya pADyanarezako rAjadhAnIko chor3a diyA kentu calate samaya pratyeka sAdhune eka-eka tAr3apatrapara eka-eka padya lakhakara rakha diyaa| inhIke samudAyase nAlidiyara grantha vnaa| janAcArya pUjyapAdake ziSya vajanandine pAMDyokI rAjadhAnI madurAme eka vizAla janasaMghakI sthApanA kI thii| tamila sAhityame kurala' nAmakA nItigrantha sabase bar3hakara samajhA jAtA hai| yaha milaveda kahalAtA hai| isake racayitA bhI eka jainAcArya kahe jAte hai,jinakA eka nAma kundakunda bhI thaa| pallavavazI zivaskandavarmA mahArAja inake ziSya the| IsAkI dasavI zatAbdI taka rAjya karanevAle mahApratApI pallava rAjA bhI jainoMpara kRpAdRSTi rakhate the| inakI rAjadhAnI kAcI sabhI dharmokA sthAna thii| cInI yAtrI hue natsAga sAtavI zatAbdIme kAcI AyA thaa| isane isa nagarIme phalate-phUlate hue jina dharmoko dekhA unameM vaha jainokA bhI nAma katA hai| isase bhI yaha bAta pramANita hotI hai ki usa samaya kAMcI janokA mukhya sthAna thaa| yahA~ jaina rAjavazone vahuta varSAtaka rAjya kiyaa| isa taraha tamila dezake pratyeka agameM jainone mahattvapUrNa bhAga liyA / 'sara vAlTara iliyaTake matAnusAra dakSiNako kalA aura kArIgarIpara jainokA vaDA prabhAva hai, parantu usase bhI adhika , 1. Cons of Southern India (London 1886) pR038,40, 126 //

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itihAsa prabhAva to unakA tamila sAhityake Upara paDA hai / virApa kAlDavela' kA kahanA hai ki jainokI unnatikA yuga hI tami sAhityakA mahAyuga hai / jainone tamila, kanaDI aura dUsarI lokabhApAnakA upayoga kiyA isase janatA ke samparkame ve adhika 14 ora jainadharmake siddhAntokA bhI jana sAdhAraName khUba pracAra huaa| 4 eka samaya kanaDI aura telagu pradegose lekara ur3IsA taka jainadharmakA vaDA prabhAva thA / zeSagiri rAvane apane Andhta karnala Jainism me jo kAvya-saMgraha kiyA hai usase patA calata ha ki Ajake vijagApaTTama, kRSNa, nelora vagairaha pradezome prAcIna kAlame jainavamaM phailA huA thA aura usake mandira bane hue the / kintu jainadharmakA sabase mahattvapUrNa sthAna to karnATaka prAntava itihAsa me milatA hai / yaha prAnta prAcInakAlase hI digambara jaina sampradAyakA mukhya sthAna rahA hai / isa prAntame morya sAmrAjya ke bA AndhravaMjakA rAjya huA, Andhra rAjA bhI jainadharmake unnAyaka the AndhravadAke paJcAt uttara pazcimame kadamvone aura pUrva pallavone rAjya kiyA / kadamvavake aneka zilAlekha mile hai jinameM se bahutase lekho me jainoMko dAna denekA ullekha milatA hai| i * rAjavaMzakA dharma jaina thA / san 1922 - 23 kI epigrAphI ra varNita hai ki vanavAsa ke prAcIna kadamba aura cAlukya, jinho pallavoke pazcAt tuluva dezame rAjya kiyA, nissandeha jena ye 1 bhI bahuta sabhava hai ki prAcIna pallava bhI jaina the, kya . "Comparative Grammat of the Dravidian South Indian family of languages" 19 . yaha tIsarI AvRtti (laDana 1613) 2. "Early kadambas of Banbasi and Chalukyas, wh succeeded pallavas as overlords of Tuluva were u doutedly Jains and it is probable that early pall... were the same"

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janadhana saMskRtame mattavilAsa nAmakA eka prahasana hai jo pallavarAja mahendravamAkA banAyA huA kahA jAtA hai / isa granthame usa samayaka pracalita sampradAyokI haMsI ur3AI gaI hai, jinameM pAzupata, kApAlika aura eka bauddha bhikSuko hasIkA pAtra banAyA gayA hai| iname jainoko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki jisa samaya mahendra varmAne isa granthako racA usa samaya vaha jana thA tathA pIchase zava hogayA kyoki zaiva-paramparAmeM aisI khyAti hai ki zaiva sAdhu apparane mahendravarmAko gaiva banAyA thA / ata. kadamboMkI taraha cAlukya bhI janadharmake pramukha nAzrayadAtA the / cAlukyAne aneka jainamandira banavAye, unakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, unheM dAna diyA aura kanaDIke prasiddha jaina kavi Adi pampa jaise kaviyoMkA sanmAna kiyaa| isake sivA itihAsase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki karnATakameM mahilAmoMne bhI janavarmake pracArameM bhAga liyA hai| ina mahilAome jahA~ rAjavarAnekI mahilAeM smaraNIya hai vahA~ sAdhAraNa gharAnekI striyokI sevAeM bhI ullekhanIya hai| / sabase prathama paramagUlakI patnI kaMdAcchikA nAma ullekhanIya hai| usane zrIpura nAmaka sthAnake uttarI bhAgameM eka jainamandira banavAyA thaa| paramagUlakI prArthanApara gaMganRpati zrIputpane isa mandirako eka grAma tathA kucha anya bhU-bhAga pradAna kiye the| isa mahilAkA gaMga rAjaparivArapara kAphI prabhAva thaa| dUsarI ullekhanIya mahilA jakkiyabbe hai / yaha sattarasa nAgArjunakI patnI thI jo nAgara khaNDakA zAsaka thaa| patike maranepara rAjAne usakI jagaha usakI patlIko niyukta kiyaa| patnIne apUrva sAhasa aura vIratAkA paricaya diyA aura sallekhanA pUrvaka prANokA tyAga kiyaa| IsAkI dasavI gatImeM pazcimI cAlukya rAjA tailapakA 1 sAutha iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa kalcara, mA0 1, pR0 584 / 2 smiya-jI hisTrI nApha iNDiyA, pR0444|

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itihAsa senApati mallappa thA / usakI putrI attimavve Adarza dharmacAriNI thii| usane apane vyayase sone aura kImatI pattharoM kI DeDha hajAra 5 mUrtiyAM banavAI thii| rAjendra koMgAlvakI mAtA pocavvarAsine I015 1050 me eka vasadi banavAI thii| ___ kadamvarAjA kIrtidevakI prathama palI mAlaladevIkA sthAna bhI dharmapremI mahilAomeM atyanta UMcA hai / isane 1077 I0 me padmanandi siddhAntadevake dvArA pArzvanAtha caityAlaya banavAyA aura prasaMca brAhmaNoMko AmaMtrita karake unhIke dvArA usa jinAlayakAya nAmakaraNa 'brahma jinAlaya' krvaayaa| nAgara khaNDake dhArmika itihAsameM caTTala devIkA khAsa sthAna hai / yaha sAntara parivArakI thii| sAntara parivAra jainamatAvalambI : aura usakA dharmaprema vikhyAta hai| isa mahilAne sAntaroMkI rAjadhAnI hai pomvuccapurame jinAlayoMkA nirmANa karAyA aura aneka ra ka. sambandhI kArya kiye| ___ yahA~ dakSiNa bhAratake rAjanaitika itihAsake sambandhame thor3A . DAlanA ucita hogaa| gaMga rAjAoMne maisUrake eka bahuta bar3e bhAgapara IsAkI dUsarI zatAbdIse lekara gyArahavI zatAbdI taka rAjya kiyA / usake pazcAt ve coloMke dvArA parAjita hue| kintu cola lambe samaya taka rAja nahIM kara sake aura zIghra hI hoyasaloke dvArA nikAla bAhara kiye gye| hoyasalone eka pRthaka rAjavaMza sthApita kiyA jo -11vI zatIse 14vI zatI taka kAyama rhaa| ' ' prAcIna cAlukyoMne chaThI zatIke lagabhaga apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA aura prabala zAsanake pazcAt do bhAgome baMTa gaye--eka pUrvIya cAlukya aura dUsarA pazcimIya cAlukya / pUrvIya cAlukyone 750 I0 se 11vI zatI taka rAjya kiyaa| usake pazcAt unake rAjya coloke dvArA milA liye gaye / pazcimIya cAlukya 750 I0 ke lagabhaga rASTrakUTose parAjita hue|

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(50 janadharma / rASTrakUToMne 173 I. taka apanI svataMtatA kAyama rkhii| usake pazcAt ve pazcimIya cAlukyose parAjita hue| cAlukyAne lagabhaga do sau varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| usake pazcAt kAlAriyose ve parAjita hue| kAlAcUriyoMne tIsa varSa rAjya kiyaa| - aba pratyeka rAjavaza samayameM jainadharmakI sthitikA digdarzana karAyA jAtA hai| 1. gaMgavaMza isa vaMzakI sthApanA IsAkI dUsarI zatImeM jainAcArya siMhanandine kI thii| isakA prathama rAjA mAdhava thA, jise kogaNI varmA kahate haiN| muSkAra athavA mukhArake samayame jainadharma rAjadharma bana gayA thaa| tIsare aura cauthe rAjAmoko chor3akara usake zeSa pUrvaja nizcayase nadharmake sahAyaka the| mAdhavakA uttarAdhikArI avanIta jaina thaa| bhavanItakA uttarAdhikArI duvinIta prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa jainAcArya pUjyasAdakA ziSya thaa| IsAkI cauthIse bArahavI zatAbdI takake aneka zilAlekhose yaha jAta pramANita hai ki gaMgavaMzake zAsakoMne janamandiroMkA nirmANa kayA, janapratimAoMkI sthApanA kI, jaina tapasviyoke nimitta guphAeM tayAra karAI aura jainAcAryoko dAna diyaa| isa vaMzake eka rAjAkA nAma mArasiMha dvitIya thaa| isakA zAsanakAla cera, cola aura pANDaya vaMzopara pUrNa vijaya prAptike liye rasiddha hai| yaha jaina siddhAntoMkA saccA anuyAyI thaa| isane atyanta aizvaryapUrvaka rAjya karake rAjapada tyAga diyA aura dhAravAra prAntake bAMkApura nAmaka sthAnameM apane guru ajitasenake sanmukha samAdhipUrvaka pANatyAga kiyaa| eka zilAlekhake AdhArapara isakI mRtyu tithi 675 I0 nizcita kI gaI hai| ___ cAmuNDarAya rAjA mArasiMha dvitIyakA suyogya maMtrI thaa| usake paranepara vaha usake putra rAjA rAcamallakA maMtrI aura senApati 1 'sTaDIja ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma' pR0 10 //

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itihAsa: huaa| isa maMtrIke zauryake kAraNa hI mArasiha aneka vijaya prApa kara sakA / zravaNavelagolA (maisUra) ke eka zilAlekhame isakI bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai, gharamadhuransura vIramArtaNDa, raNaraMgasiMha e tribhuvanavIra, vairIkulakAladaNDa, satyayudhiSThira, subhaTacUDAmaNi Ali usakI aneka upAdhiyA~ thI, jo usakI zUravIratA aura dhArmikatAkatabatalAtI hai| cAmuNDarAyane hI zravaNavelagolA (maisUra) ke vindhyagiri para gomaTezakI vizAlakAya mUrti sthApita karAI thI, jo mUrti Apa duniyAkI aneka Azcaryajanaka vastumomeM ginI jAtI hai / vRddhAvasthAmaya cAmuNDarAyane apanA adhikAMza samaya dhArmika kAryome bitAyA cAmuNDarAya jainadharmake upAsaka to the hI, marmajJa vidvAn bhI the| unakA kanar3I bhASAkA triSaSThi-lakSaNa mahApurANa prasiddha hai| sta ra bhI unakA banAyA huA cAritrasAra nAmaka grantha hai| cAmuNDarAyakaI gaNanA jainadharmake mahAn unnAyakoMmeM kI jAtI hai| inake samayame jara sAhityakI bhI zrIvRddhi huI thii| siddhAnta granthoMkA sArabhUta zrIgoI maTTasAra nAmaka mahAn jaina grantha' inhIke nimittase racA gayA thA / aura unhIke gomaTTarAya nAmapara isakA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA thA / yaha kanaDIke prasiddha kavi ratnake AzrayadAtA bhI the| ___ gaMgarAja parivArakI mahilAeM bhI apanI dharmazIlatAke liye prasiddha hai| eka prazastimeM gaMga mahAdevIko 'jinendra ke caraNa kamaloM meM lubdha bhramarI' kahA hai / yaha mahilA bhujabala gaMgAs: mAndhAtA bhUpakI patnI thii| rAjA mArasiMhakI choTI bahinakA nA: suggipavvarasi thA / yaha jaina muniyoMkI bar3I bhakta thI aura unha sadA AhAra dAna kiyA karatI thii| / jaba cola rAjAne I0 sa0 1004 meM gaMganarezakI rAjadhAnI talakAdako jIta liyA, tabase isa vaMzakA pratApa maMda ho gyaa| vAdako bhI isa vaMzake rAjAone rAja to kiyA, kintu phira ve uTha nahIM ske|' isase jainadharmako bhI kSati phuNcii|

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jainadharma 2. hoyasala vaMza / isa vaMzakI unnatime bhI eka jainamunikA hAtha thaa| isa 'vaMzakA pUrvaja rAjA sala thA / eka bAra yaha rAjA apanI kuladevIke mandirame sudattanAmake jaina sAdhuse vidyA grahaNa karatA thaa| acAtaka vanamese nikalakara eka bAgha salapara TUTa pdd'aa| sAdhune eka daNDa salako dekara kahA-'popa sala' (bhAra sl)| salane vAdhako mAra ddaalaa| isa ghaTanAko smaraNa rakhaneke liye usane apanA nAma popasala' rakhA, pIchese yahI 'hoyasala ho gyaa| / gaMgavaMzakI taraha isa vazake rAjA bhI viTTideva taka barAbara jainadharmI rahe aura unhoMne jainadharmake liye bahuta kucha kiyaa| dIvAna bahAdura kRSNa svAmI AyaMgarane viSNu varddhana viTTidevake samayameM maisUra rAjyakI dhArmika sthiti batalAte hue likhA hai- 'usa samaya maisUra prAya. jaina thaa| gaMga rAjA jainadharmake anuyAyI the| kintu lagabhaga I0 1000 meM jainoMke viruddha vAtAvaraNa ne jora pakar3A / usa samaya volone maisUrako jItanekA prayatna kiyA / phalasvarUpa gagavAr3I aura nolambavAr3IkA eka bar3A pradeza coloke adhikArameM calA gayA, aura isa taraha maisUra dezame coloke zavadharma aura cAlunyoMke jainadharmakA AmanA sAmanA ho gayA / jaba viSNuvardhanane maisUrakI rAjanItime bhAga liyA usa samaya maisUrakI dhArmika sthiti anizcita thI / yadyapi jainadharma prabala sthitimeM thA phira bhI zavadharma aura vaiSNava dharmake bhI anuyAyI the| I0 1116 ke lagabhaga viTTidevako rAmAnujAcAryane vaiSNava banA liyA aura usane apanA nAma viSNuvardhana rakhA / ' viSNuvardhanakI pahalI patnI zAntaladevI jaina thii| zravaNavelagolA tathA anya sthAnoMse prApta zilAlekhome usake dharmakAyokI bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai / zAtala devIkA pitA kaTTara zeva aura mAtA jaina thii| zAntala devIke mara jAne para jaba usake mAtA pitA bhI mara gaye to 1. Ancient India. P. 738-739

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itihAsa 1 unakA jAmAtA apane dharmase cyuta ho gayA / kintu phira bhI jainadharmas ' usakI sahAnubhUti banI rhii| usane apanI vijayake upalakSame halevI ke jinAlaya sthApita jainamUrtikA nAma 'vijaya pArzvanAtha' rakkhA usake maMtrI gagarAja to jainadharmake eka bhArI stambha the / unakI katA aura dAnavIratAkA vivaraNa aneka zilAlekhome milatA hai inakI patnIkA nAma bhI jainadharmake pracAra ke sambandhame ati prasiddha hai| usane kaI jinamandiroMkA nirmANa karAyA thA jinake liye gaMgara udAratApUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA thA / viTTidevake pazcAt narasiMha pra 4 rAjA huA / isake maMtrI hullappane jainadharmakI baDI unnati kii| usane jainoke khoye hue prabhAvako phirase sthApita karanekA praya. la kiyA / kintu hoyasala' rAjAo ke dvArA saMrakSita vaiSNava dharma druta abhyunnati, rAmAnuja tathA kucha zaiva netAokA vyavasthita aura kamavaddha virodha, aura liMgAyatoke bhayAnaka AkramaNane maisUra pradezoM jainadharmakA patana kara diyA / kintu bhUla kara bhI yaha kalpanA nahI karanI cAhiye ki vahA~se jainadharmakI jar3a hI ukhar3a gii| kisa vaiSNava tathA anya vaidika sampradAyoke kramika abhyutthAnake kAraNa usakA caitanya jAtA rahA / yoM to jainadharmake anuyAyiyoM kI taba bhI acchI saMkhyA thI kintu phira ve koI rAjanaitika prabhAva nahI prApta kara sake / vAdake maisUra rAjAone jainoko koI kaSTa nahI diyA itanA hI nahI, kintu unakI sahAyatA bhI kii| muslima zAsaka haidara nAyaka taka ne bhI jaina mandiroMko gA~va pradAna kiye the yadyati usane zravaNabelagolA tathA anya pradezoMke mahotsava banda kara diye the / 3. rASTrakUTa vaMza 1 rASTrakUTa rAjA apane samayake baDe pratApI rAjA the / inake Azrayase jainadharmakA acchA abhyutthAna huA / inakI rAjadhAnI pahale nAsika ke pAsa thI / pIche mAnyakheTako inhone apanI rAjadhAnI 1 1 'sTaDIz2a ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma' | 4 1

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jainadharma nAyA / isa vaMzake jainadharmI rAjAo meM amoghavarSa prathamakA nAma llekhanIya hai / yaha rAjA digambara jainadharmakA baDA premI thA / apanI ntima avasthAme isane rAjapATa choDakara jina dIkSA le lI thI / sake guru prasiddha jainAcArya jinasena the| jinasenake ziSya guNabhadrane pane uttarapurANameM likhA hai ki amoghavarSa apane guru jinasenake raNakamaloM kI vandanA karake apaneko pavitra huA mAnatA thA / sane jaina mandiroko dAna diyA, tathA isake samayame jaina sAhityakI t khUba unnati huI / digambara jaina siddhAnta granthoMkI dhavalA aura raamaa nAmakI TIkAokA nAmakaraNa isIke dhavala aura atizaya vala nAmake Upara huA samajhA jAtA hai| zAkaTAyana vaiyAkaraNane pane zAkaTAyana nAmaka jaina vyAkaraNapara isIke nAmase amodhavRtti kI TIkA banAI / isIke samayameM jainAcArya mahAvIrane apane NitasArasaMgraha nAmaka granthakI racanA kI, jisake prArambhame amoghavarSamahimAkA varNana vistArase kiyA gayA hai / amoghavarSane svayaM bhI znottara ratnamAlA' nAmakI eka pustikA rcii| svAmI jinasenane aneka grantha race / amoghavarSane jinasenake ziSya guNabhadrako bhI Azraya diyA / bhadrane apane guru jinasenake adhUre grantha AdipurANako pUrNa kiyA aura anya bhI aneka grantha race / amoghavarSakA putra akAlavarSa bhI dharmakA premI thA / isake samayame guNabhadrane apanA uttarapurANa rNa kiyA / isane bhI jainamandiroko dAna diyA aura jaina vidvAnoT sanmAna kiyA / jaba pazcimake cAlukyone rASTrakUTokI sattAkA nta kara diyA to isa vazake antima rAjA indrane apane rAjyako punaH pta karanekA yatna kiyA kintu use saphalatA nahI milI / antameM sane jinadIkSA dhAraNa karake zravaNabelagolAme samAdhipUrvaka prANokA ga kiyA / lokAditya inakA sAmaMta aura vanavAsa dezakA rAjA / guNabhadrAcAryane ise bhI jainadharmakI vRddhi karanevAlA aura mahAn zasvI batalAyA hai /

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itihAsa 4. kAlAcuri rAjyameM jainoMkA vinAza rASTrakUToMke pazcAt rAjyazakti pazcimIya cAlukyoMke hAthamA : A gii| unake samayameM jainadharmakA prabhAva naSTa ho gyaa| yadi deza, pracalita kiMvadantIpara vizvAsa kiyA jAya to kahanA hogA ki jai - mandiroMmese namUrtiyAM uThAkara pheMka dI gaIM aura unake sthAnapa' paurANika devatAokI mUrtiyAM sthApita kara dI gii| cAlukyoMkA rAjya bahuta thor3e samaya taka hI rahA; kyoki unana kAlAcUriyoMne nikAla bAhara kiyA / yadyapi kAlAcUriyokA rAjya bhI bahuta thor3e samaya taka hI raha sakA kintu jainadharmake vinAzarka dRSTise vaha smaraNIya hai| ____ mahAna kAlAcUrinareza vijjala jaina thaa| kintu usakA samara liMgAyata sampradAyake udgama aura givabhaktike punarujjIvana ko dRSTise ullekhanIya hai / vijjalake atyAcArI maMtrI vasavake netRtvam isa sampradAyane noMko bahuta kaSTa diyaa| vijjalarAja caritake anusAra vasavane apane svAmI jaina rAjA vijjalakI hatyAke liye, kyA kyA nahI kiyA / phalataH ura dezase nikAla diyA gyaa| aura nirAza hokara vaha svayaM eka kuera gira gyaa| kintu usake anuyAyiyoMne usake isa prANatyAgaka 'dharmapara validAna' kA rUpa diyA / aura liMgAyata sampradAya viSayameM lalita aura sarala bhASAme sAhitya tayAra karake dezameM sarva vitarita kiyaa| tathA jina liMgAyata netAone kAlAcUri sAmrAjyava andara jainoMke vinAzameM bahuta bar3I sahAyatA kI unake nAmoMke pa . ora aneka kapolakalpita kathAeM juTa gii| aisI eka kathA jo ura samayake zilAlekhameM akita hai yahA~ dI jAtI hai ziva aura pArvatI eka zaiva santake sAtha kailAsa parvatapara vica rahe the| itanemeM nArada Aye, unhone jainoM aura bauddhoMkI bar3hata 1 sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma, pR0 112 /

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jainadharma duI zaktiko sUcanA dii| jivane vIrabhadrako AjJA dI ki tuma sArameM jAkara mAnava yonimeM janma lo mora ina dharmoko naSTa karo / mAjJAnusAra vIrabhadrane puruSottama paTTa nAmake vyaktiko svapna diyA ki tumhAre gharameM putrarUpameM janma lUMgA / svapna satya huA / vAlakakA rAma rAma rakhA gayA aura dIvake rUpameM usakA lAlana pAlana huA / zevakA bhakta honese use ekAntada rAmaiyA kahate the / kiMvadantIke anura yaha rAmaiyyA hI usa dezameM jainadharmake vinAzake liye uttaradAyI hai| kayAme likhA hai ki eka dina rAmaiyA zivakI pUjA karatA thA / usa samaya jainone use caileMja diyA ki vaha apane devatAkA devatva siddha kre| rAmaiyAne caileMja svIkAra kara liyaa| yaha taya huA ki rAmaiyA apanA sira kATakara phira jor3a de / yadi vaha aisA kara sakA to none apane mandira khAlI karake usa dezako chor3a denekA vacana diyaa| dharmayAne sira kATakara phira jor3a liyA aura jainose apanA vAdA pUrA karaneke liye kahA / jainoMne asvIkAra kara diyaa| yaha sunate ho rAmaiyAne jainoMke mandiroko naSTa-bhraSTa karanA prArambha kiyA / janone vijjalase jAkara zikAyata ko / vijjala zevopara bahuta kucha huA / kintu rAmaiyAne vijjalako apanA camatkAra dikhAkara gaMva banA liyA / vijjalane janoko Adeza diyA ki ve gavoM ke sAtha zAntipUrvaka bartAva kareM / kalcarI rAjyameM jainoke vinAzakI sAkSI denevAlI isa tarahakI kathAe~ aura ghaTanAeM zeva anyo aneka milatI hai / 5. vijayanagara rAjya isa taraha dakSiNa bhAratameM yadyapi jainavamaM rAjAzraya vihIna ho yA / phira bhI guNagrAhI rAjA loga jaina guruoM, vidvAnoM aura tAoMkA yathocita Adara karate the / aise rAjAo meM vijayanagara sAmrAjyake zAsakoMkA nAma ullekhanIya hai / yaha rAjya vaidika 1 sTaDIja ina sA0 i0 jainijma, pR0 113 |

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itihAsa dharmakA poSaka thA kintu isake rAjA vibhinna matavAloke prati udAratAkA vyavahAra karate the| tathA isa rAjyake ucca padaspa karmacAriyome adhikAza jainadharmAvalambI the| isaliye rAjAoko bhI jainadharmakA vizeSa khyAla rakhanA par3atA thA / / __harihara dvitIyake senApati irugappa kaTTara jainadharmAnuyAyI theunhoMne 56 varSa taka vijayanagara rAjyake UMcese UMce padoko yogyatA pUrvaka nivAhA aura jainadharmakI unnatike liye varAvara prayatna karatapa rhe| irugappake anya sahayogiyone bhI jainadharmakI pUrI sahAyatA kApa aura usake pracArame kAphI yogadAna diyA / vijayanagarakI rAniyAM bhI jainadharma pAlatI thI / zravaNavela-la golake eka zilAlekhase devarAya mahArAjakI rAnI bhImAdevIkA jaina honA prakaTa hai| 1368 ke eka zilAlekhase patA calatA hai ki jainone kA.. prathamase prArthanA kI ki vaiSNava loga jainoke sAtha anyAya karata hai| rAjAne kAphI jA~ca paDatAlake bAda jainoM aura vaiSNavoMme mela karA diyA tathA yaha AjJA prakAzita kI__ "yaha jaina darzana pahalekI hI bhA~ti paJca mahAzabda aura kalazakA adhikArI hai| yadi koI vaiSNava kisI bhI prakAra jainiyoko kSati pahu~cAve to vaiSNavoko use vaiSNavadharmakI kSati samajhanA caahiye| vaiSNava loga jagaha-jagaha isa bAtakI tAkIdake liye sana kAyama kreN| jaba taka sUrya aura candrakA astitva hai taba taka vaiSNava loga jaina darzanakI rakSA kareMge / vaiSNava aura jaina eka hI hai unha alaga alaga nahI samajhanA cAhiye / "vaiSNavo aura jainose jo kara liyA jAtA hai usase zravaNa velagolAke liye rakSakokI niyukti kI jAya aura yaha niyukti vaiSNavoke dvArA ho| tathA usase jo dravya bace usase jinAlayokI marammata karAI jAye aura unapara cUnA potA jAye / isa prakAra ve prativarSa dhanadAna denese na cUkege aura yaza

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jainadharma tathA sammAna prApta karege / jo isa AjJAkA ullaMghana karegA vaha rAjadrohI saMghadrohI aura sapradAya drohI hogA / " eka dUsare zilAlekhase jainoM aura vIra zaivoke vivAdakA patA balatA hai / yaha lekha 1638 I0 kA hai, yaha jainadharmakI prazaMsAse zurU hotA hai aura zivakI pragasAse isakA anta hotA hai / mAmalA yaha thA ki kisI vIra zaivane vijayapArzva vasadike mbhepara zivalagakI sthApanA kara dI aura vijayappA nAmake eka nI jaina vyApArIne use naSTa kara diyA / isase baDA kSobha phailA aura jainona vIra gaiva matake netAoke pAsa isa mAmaleke nipaTAreke liye prArthanA kii| yaha nizcaya kiyA gayA ki jaina loga pahale vibhUti aura velapatra zivaligako caDhAkara apanA ArAdhana - pUjana kareM / 'isake upalakSa meM vIra zaivone jainiyo ke prati apanA sauhArda pradarzita karaneke liye ukta nirNayameM itanA jor3a diyA jo koI bhI jainadharmakA virodha karegA vaha zivadrohI samajhA jAyegA / vaha vibhUti drAkSa tathA kAzI aura rAmezvarake zivaliMgoM kA drohI samajhA jAyegA / zilAlekha ke anta meM 'jina zAsanakI jaya ho isa AzayakA vAkya likhA huA hai / isa taraha caudahavI zatI meM Akara sAmpradAyika dveSa kucha kama huA aura jainadharmakA dakSiNa bhAratase yadyapi samUla nAza to nahI ho sakA, phira bhI vaha kSINaprabha ho gayA / -----

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2. siddhAnta 1. jainadharma kyA hai? jainadharmake siddhAnta jAnanese pahale yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki jainadharma hai kyA? jainadharma zabda do zabdoMke melase banA hai-eka zabda hai jaina aura dUsarA zabda hai 'dhrm'| jaise viSNuko devatA mAnanevAle vaiSNava aura zivako devatA mAnanevAle zaiva kahalAte hai, aura unake dharmako vaiSNavadharma yA zavadharma kahate hai| vaise hI 'jina' ko devatA mAnanavAle jaina kahalAte hai aura unake dharmako jainadharma kahate. hai / sAdhAraNatayA jainadharma' kA yahI artha samajhA jAtA hai| kintu - isakA eka dUsarA artha bhI hai, jo isa arthase kahI mahattvapUrNa hai| vaha artha hai-'jina' ke dvArA kahA gayA dhrm| arthAt"jina' ne jisa dharmakAra kathana kiyA hai, upadeza kiyA hai vaha dharma hai jainadharma / zaivadharma yA' vaiSNavadharmameM yaha artha nahIM ghaTatA, kyoMki ziva yA viSNune svayaM kisI dharmakA upadeza nahIM kiyaa| ve to devatA mAne gaye hai| aura bAdama' jaba bahudevatAvAdake sthAname ekezvara bhAvanAkA udaya huA to donoM Izvarake rUpa khlaaye| pIchese zrIkRSNako viSNukA pUrNAvatAra mAna liyA gyaa| unake bhaktokA dharma to mUlameM vedavihita kriyAnuSThAna, hI hai| kintu 'jina' IzvarIya avatAra nahI hote, ve to svayaM apane pauruSake valapara apane kAmakrodhAdi vikAroMko jItakara 'jina' banate hai / 'jina' zabdakA artha hotA hai-jItanevAlA / jisane apane Atmika vikAropara pUrI tarahase vijaya prApta kara lI vahI 'jina' hai| jo 'jina' vanate hai ve hama prANiyomese hI vanate hai| pratyeka jIvAtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jIvAtmA aura paramAtmAme itanA hI antara hai ki jIvAtmA azuddha hotA hai, kAma-krodhAdi vikAro aura unake

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jainadharma 'hama apanA jJAna kisI na kisI puruSake dvArA hI de sakatA hai, tathA 'usakA vyAkhyAna bhI puruSa hI kara sakatA hai / kintu yadi vaha puruSa 'alpajJa huA yA rAgadveSI huA to usake vyAkhyAname bhrama bhI ho sakatA "hai / ata use bhI kamase kama viziSTa jJAnI to mAnanA hI paDatA hai / yaha saba isaliye kiyA gayA hai ki ve dharma puruSakI sarvajJatA svIkAra nahIM krte| unakI dRSTise puruSakI AtmAkA itanA vikAsa nahI ho sakatA / kintu jainadharma isa tarahake kisI Izvarako sattAmeM vizvAsa nahI karatA / vaha jIvAtmAkA sarvajJa ho sakanA svIkAra karatA hai / ata jainavama kisI Izvara yA kisI svayaMsiddha pustakake dvArA nahI kahA gayA hai| balki mAnavake dvArA, usa mAnavake dvArA jo kabhI hama vahI jaisA alpajJa aura rAgadveSI thA kintu jisane apane pauruSase prayatna ekarake apanI alpajJatA aura rAgadveSake kAraNoMse apane AtmAko mukta kara liyA aura isa taraha vaha sarvajJa aura vItarAgI hokara jina bana gayA, ikahA gayA hai| ataH 'jina' hue usa mAnavake anubhavoMkA esAra hI jainadharma hai / hu aba hama 'dharma' zabdake bAreme vicAra kareMge / dharmazandake do artha papAye jAte hai - eka, vastuke svabhAvako dharma kahate hai jaise agnikA ca jalAnA dharma hai, pAnIkA zItalatA dharma hai, vAyukA bahanA dharma hai| AtmAkA caitanya dharma hai | aura dUsarA, AcAra yA cAritrako dharma kahate hai / isa dUsare arthako koI isa prakAra bhI kahate hai - jisase abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa - muktikI prApti ho use dharma kahate hai| cU~ki AcAra yA cAritrase inakI prApti hotI hai isaliye cAritra hI dharma hai / isa prakAra dharma zabdase do arthokA patrabodha hotA hai eka vastu svabhAvakA aura dUsare cAritra yA is vas AcArakA / inameM se svabhAvarUpa dharma to kyA jar3a mora kyA cetana, do rabhI padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki sasArame aisI koI vastu nahI, satjasakA koI svabhAva na ho / kintu AcArarUpa dharmaM kevala cetana

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siddhAnta 63 AtmAmeM hI pAyA jAtA hai / isIlie dharmakA sambandha AtmAse hai / pratyeka tattvadarzI dharmapravartakane kevala AcArarUpa dharmakA hI upadeza nahI kiyA kintu vastu svabhAvarUpa dharmakA bhI upadeza diyA hai jise darzana kahA jAtA hai / isIse pratyeka dharma apanA eka darza bhI rakhatA hai | darzanameM, AtmA kyA hai ? paraloka kyA hai ? viz kyA hai ? Izvara kyA hai ? Adi samasyAoM ko sulajhAnekA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / aura dharmake dvArA AtmAko paramAtmA bananekA batalAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi darzana aura dharma yA vastu svabhAvarUpa aura AcArarUpa dharma donoM jude - jude viSaya hai parantu ina donokA parasparameM ghaniSTa sambandha hai / udAharaNake liye, jaba AcArarUpa dharmaM AtmAko paramAtmA bananekA mArga batalAtA hai, taba yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai, jAtA hai ki AtmA aura paramAtmAkA svabhAva kyA hai ? donomeM antara kyA hai aura kyoM hai ? yaha jAne binA AcArakA pAlanA vaise hI lAbhakArI nahIM ho sakatA jaise sone ke guNa aura svabhAvase anajAna da yadi soneko zodhanekA prayatna bhI kare to usakA prayatna lAbhakArI nahIM ho sakatA / tathA yaha bAta sarvavidita hai ki vicArake anusAra hI manuSyakA AcAra hotA hai / udAharaNake liye, jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA nahIM hai aura na paraloka hai usakA AcAra sadA bhogapradhAna hI rahatA hai, aura jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA hai, paraloka hai, prANI apane 2 zubhAzubhaM karmake anusAra phala bhogatA hai to usakA AcAra usase bilakula viparIta hI hotA hai / ata vicAroMkA manuSyake AcArapara bar3A prabhAva par3atA hai / isIse darzanakA prabhAva dharmapara baDA gaharA ho / hai, aura ekako samajhe binA dUsareko nahI samajhA jA sktaa| jainadharmakA bhI eka darzana hai jo jainadarzana kahA jAtA hai / kintu vaha vastu svabhAvarUpa dharmameM hI antarbhUta ho jAtA hai ata use bhI hama dharmakA hI eka aMga samajhate hai / aura isaliye jainadharmase 'jina' devake dvArA kahA huA vicAra aura AcAra donoM hI lenA cAhiye / uu

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jainadharma hama prakArAntarasa bhI dharmake do bheda kiye jAte hai eka sAdhyarUpa dharma usaaura dUsarA sAdhanarUpa dhrm| paramAtmatva sAdhyarUpa dharma hai aura AcAra malyA cAritra sAdhanarUpa dharma hai, kyoki AcAra yA cAritrake dvArA hI hai|aatmaa paramAtmA banatA hai| ata yahAM dono hI prakArake dharmokA yaha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 2. jainadarzanakA prANa paka anekAntavAda ____ Upara likha Aye hai ki janavicArakA mUla syAdvAda yA bhanekAntavAda hai| mata. prathama use samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| jaina dRSTise isa vizvake mUlabhUta tattva do bhAgomeM vibhAjita hai eka jIvatattva aura dUsarA ajIva yA jar3atattva / ajIva yA jaDatattva bhI pA~ca bhAgo me vibhAjita hai-pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkArA aura kAla / isa taraha yaha sasAra ina cha tattvoMse banA huA hai| ina hoko chai dravya kahate hai| ina chai dravyoke sivA saMsArameM anya kucha bhI """nahI hai, jo kucha hai, usa savakA samAveza inhI chai dravyoMmeM ho jAtA hai| guNa, kriyA, sambandha Adi jo anya tattva dUsare dArzanikoMne mAne pAyehai, jaina dRSTise ve saba dravyakI hI avasthAeM hai, usase pRthak nahIM; jala kyoki jo kucha sat hai vaha saba dravya hai| sat hI dravyakA lakSaNa hai| bhAra asat yA abhAva nAmakA koI svataMtra tatva janadarzaname nahIM hai| kintu kahajo sat hai dRSTibhedase vahI asat bhI hai| na koI vastu kevala satsvarUpa jirahI hai aura na koI vastu kevala asatsvarUpa hI hai| yadi pratyeka vastuko kahara kevala satsvarUpa hI mAnA jAyegA to saba vastuoke sarvathA satsvarUpa isa honese una vastuoke bIcame jo antara dekhaneme AtA hai, usakA lopa bodha ho jAyegA aura usake lopa ho jAnese saba vastueM saba rUpa ho jaayegii| AudAharaNaka liye-ghaTa (ghaDA) aura paTa (kapar3A) ye donoM vastu namI hai, ghaTa bhI vastu hai aura paTa bhI vastu hai| kintu jaba hama kisAsa jisa ghaTa lAneko kahate hai to vaha ghaTa hI lAtA hai, paTa nahIM laataa| aura

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siddhAnta java paTa lAneko kahate hai to vaha paTa hI lAtA hai, ghaTa nahI lAtA " isase pramANita hai ki ghaTa ghaTa hI hai paTa nahIM hai, aura paTa paTa hI ho5 ghaTa nahI hai| na ghaTa paTa hai aura na paTa ghaTa hai, kintu hai dono| parantu 5 donoMkA astitva apanI-apanI maryAdAme hI sImita hai, usake vaha nahIM hai| ata. pratyeka vastu apanI maryAdAme hai aura usase bAhara nhiiN| hai| yadi vastue isa maryAdAkA ullaghana kara jAyeM to phira ghaTa aura ra paTakI to bAta hI kyA, sabhI vastue sava rUpa ho jAyeMgI nAca isa tarahase sakara dopa upasthita hogaa| mata. pratyeka vastu svarUpa kara apekSAse sat kahI jAtI hai aura pararUpakI apekSAse asat kaha jAtI hai| isI dRSTAntako guru ziSyake saMvadhika rUpameM yahAM diyajAtA hai, usase pAThaka aura bhI adhika spaSTa rUpase use samajha skege| ___gu0-eka manuSya apane sevakako AjJA detA hai ki 'ghaTa lAmoI to sevaka turanta ghaTa le AtA hai aura jaba vastra lAnekI AjJA detA hai| to vaha vastra uThA lAtA hai| yaha tuma vyavahArame pratidina dekhate ho| kintu kyA kabhI tumane isa bAtapara vicAra kiyA ki sunanevAlA' 81 zabda sunakara ghaTa hI kyoM lAtA hai aura vastra zabda sunakara vastra hI kyoM lAtA hai ? zi0---ghaTako ghaTa kahate hai aura vastrako vastra kahate hai| isliye| jisa vastukA nAma liyA jAtA hai, sevaka use hI le AtA hai| gu0-ghaTako hI ghaTa kyoM kahate hai ? vastrako ghaTa kyoM naha zi0-ghaTakA kAma ghaTa hI de sakatA hai, vastra nahIM de sktaa| gu0-ghaTakA kAma ghaTa hI kyo detA hai, vastra kyo nahIM detA? zi0-yaha to vastukA svabhAva hai, isameM praznake liye sthAna nahIM hai| * guru-kyA tumhAre kahanekA yaha abhiprAya hai ki jo svabhAva ghaTakA hai vaha vastrakA nahI, aura jo vastrakA hai vaha ghaTakA nahIM?

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jainadharma zi0 - jI haoN, pratyeka vastu apanA judA svabhAva rakhatI hai| tuma yaha batalAo ki kyA hama ghaTako asat bhI gu0 - aba sakate hai ? zi0 ~~ hAM, ghaTake phUTa jAnepara asat kahate hI haiM / gu0 - TUTa phUTa jAne para to pratyeka vastu asat kahI jAtI hai / rA matalaba hai ki kyA ghaTake rahate hue bhI use asat kahA jA rutA hai ? zi0 --- nahIM, kabhI nahI, jo 'hai' vaha 'nahIM' kaise ho sakatA hai ? gu0 - kinAre para akara phira vahanA cAhate ho| abhI tuma vayaM svIkAra kara cuke ho ki pratyeka vastukA svabhAva judA-judA tA hai aura vaha svabhAva usI vastumeM rahatA hai dUsarI vastume nahI / zi0 --- hA~, yaha to maiM aba bhI svIkAra karatA hU~, kyoMki yadi aisA na mAnA jAyegA to Aga pAnI ho jAyegI aura pAnI Aga ho jAyegA / kapaDA miTTI ho jAyagA aura miTTI kapar3A ho jAyegI / koI bhI vastu apane svabhAvame sthira na raha skegii| 1 gu0 - yadi hama tumhArI hI bAtako isa tarahase kahe ki pratyeka tu apane svabhAvase hai aura para svabhAvase nahI hai to tumhe koI Apatti donahI ? zi0 -- nahI, isameM kisako Apatti ho sakatI hai| gu0 - aba tumase phira pahalA prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki kyA maujUdA ghaTako asat kaha sakate hai ? zi0 O (cupa) gu0 - cupa kyoM ho ? kyA phira bhramameM paDa gaye ho ? zi0 --- para svabhAvakI apekSAse maujUdA ghaTako bhI asat kaha sakate hai / , Ta gu0 -- aba rAstepara Aye ho / jaba hama kisI vastuko sat kahate haiM to hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki usa vastuke svarUpako

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siddhAnta apekSAse hI use sat kahA jAtA hai| apanese anya vastuke svarUpa apekSAse saMsArakI pratyeka vastu asat hai / devadattakA putra saMsA bharake manuSyoMkA putra nahIM hai aura na devadatta sasAra bharake putroMkA pira hai| kyA isase hama yaha natIjA nahIM nikAla sakate ki devadattakA pur| putra hai aura nahI bhI hai| isI taraha devadattakA pitA pitA hai aura - nahI bhI hai| ata. saMsArameM jo kucha hai vaha kisI apekSAse nhiiN| hai| sarvathA sat yA sarvathA asat koI vastu nahI hai| kintu jaba janadarzana yaha kahatA hai ki pratyeka vastu sat bhI hai au asat bhI hai to zrotA ise asabhava samajhatA hai kyoki jo sat hai ve asat kaise ho sakatA hai? parantu Upara batalAye gaye jina dRSTikoNova lakSya karake janadarzana vastuko sat aura asat kahatA hai yadi una dRSTi koNoMko bhI samajha liyA jAye to phira use asabhava kahanekA sAha nahIM ho sktaa| kintu jise samajhaneme bAdarAyaNa jaise sUtrakAro auM zaMkarAcArya jaise usake vyAkhyAtAoko bhI bhrama huA, usame yA sAdhAraNajanoko vyAmoha ho to acaraja hI kyA hai| bAdarAyaNake sUtra 'nakasminnasabhavAt' (2-5-33) kI vyAkhya karata hue svAmI zakarAcAryane isa siddhAntapara jo sabase bar3A dUSa diyA hai vaha hai 'anizcitatA' / unakA kahanA hai ki 'vastu hai au nahI bhI hai aisA kahanA anizcitatAko batalAtA hai| arthAt isa vastukA koI nizcita svarUpa nahI rhtaa| aura anizcitatA sNshyk| jananI hai| ata yadi jaina siddhAntake anusAra vastu anizcita hai ta usameM ni:saMzaya pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| kintu Uparake udaharaNo. isa ApattikA parihAra svaya ho jAtA hai| hama vyavahArame bhI + virodhI do dharma eka hI vastumeM pAte hai-jaise bhArata svadeza bhI hai A videza bhI, devadatta pitA bhI hai aura putra bhii| isame na koI kAra tatA hai aura na saMzaya / kyoki bhAratIyokI dRSTise bhArata svadeza aura videziyoMkI dRSTise videza hai| yadi koI bhAratIya bhArataka

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janadharma deza hI samajhatA hai to vaha bhAratako kevala apane hI dRSTikoNale zvitA hai, dUsare bhAratIyetaroMke dRSTikoName nahIM, aura isaliye usakA gAratadarzana ekAMgI hai| pUrNa darzana diye saba dRSTikoNoko dRSTimeM hasanA Avazyaka hai | an inaarin yaha na vi eka mimeM parasparameM viruddha tattva vIra java dharmo kA honA asaMbhava hai| yoki sattvadharma ke rahanepara asattvavarma nahI raha sakatA aura asattvadharmake rahanepara sattvadharma nahIM raha nakatA / vata nAhaMta mata bataMgava " kahA~ taka lagata hai yaha nippala pAThaka hI vicAra kreN| syAdvAda isa prakAra jaba pratyeka vastu paraspara virodho pratIta honevAle makA samUha hai to usa aneka dharmAtmaka vastukA jAnanA utanA kaThina hI hai, jitanA zabdoMke dvArA une kahanA kaThina hai; kyoki eka na aneka dharmo ko eka sAtha jAna sakatA hai, kintu eka zabda eka samayameM astuke eka hI dharmakA nAMgika vyAkhyAna kara sakatA hai / isapara nI vdikI pravRtti vaktA ke adhIna hai| vaktA vastuke aneka dharmote kisI eka dharmakI mukhyatAse vacana vyavahAra karatA hai / jaise, devadattako eka hI samaya usakA pitA bhI pukAratA hai aura usakA putra bhI pukAratA / pitA use 'putra' kahakara pukAratA hai aura usakA putra use 'pitA' kihakara pukAratA hai / kintu devadatta na kevala pitA hI hai aura na kevala putra hI hai kintu pitA bhI hai aura putra bhI hai| isaliye pitAkI dRSTise devadattakA putratva dharma mukhya hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa hai aura putrakI dRSTite devadattakA pitRtva dharma mukhya hai aura zepa dharma gauNa hai; kyoki aneka dharmAtmaka vastumese jisa dharmako vivakSA hotI hai vaha dharma mukhya kahAtA | hai aura itara dharma gauNa / ata. java vastu aneka dharmAtmaka pramANita / ho cukI ora gabdameM itanI sAmarthya nahI pAI gaI jo usake pUre dharmoM 3 kA kathana eka samayameM kara sake / tathA pratyeka vaktA apanI apanI guu 1. brahmasUtra 2-2-33 kA zAkarabhAyya /

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siddhAnta dRSTise vacana vyavahAra karatA huA dekhA gayA to vastukA svara' samajhaneme zrotAko koI dhokhA na ho, isaliye syAdvAdakA AviSkopa huaa| __ syAdvAda' siddhAntake anusAra vivakSita dharmase itara dhmaa| ghotaka yA sUcaka 'syAt' zabda samasta vAkyoke sAtha guptarUpase samma rahatA hai / syAt gabdakA abhiprAya 'kathacit' yA 'kisI apekSa se hai| ata saMsArame jo kucha hai vaha kisI apekSAse nahI bhI hai| isa apekSAvAdakA sUcaka 'syAt' zabda hai, jisakA prayoga anekAntavAla liye Avazyaka hai; kyoki 'syAt' zabdake vinA anekAnta' kA praya zana saMbhava nahIM hai| ata anekAnta dRSTise pratyeka vastu 'syAt sla aura 'syAt asat hai| koI koI vidvAn 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga zAyada' ke arthame kara hai| kintu zAyada zabda anizcitatAkA sUcaka hai, jaba ki syAt zaM' eka nizcita apekSAvAdakA sUcaka hai / isa prakAra anekAntavAda phalitArtha syAvAda hai, kyoki syAdvAdake binA anekAntavAdakA prakA saMbhava nahIM hai| ata eka hI vastuke sambandhame utpanna hue viri dRSTikoNoMkA samanvaya syAdvAdake dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| hama Upara likha' Aye hai ki zabdakI pravRtti vaktAke adhIna ata. pratyeka vastumeM donoM dharmoke rahanepara bhI vaktA apane apane dA' koNase una dharmokA ullekha karate hai| jaise-do AdamI kucha kharIdA liye eka dUkAnapara jAte hai| vahA~ kisI vastuko eka acchI batalA hai, dUsarA use burI batalAtA hai / donomeM bAta bar3ha jAtI hai| tIsarA AdamI unheM samajhAtA hai-'bhaI kyo jhagaDate ho ? ' vastu acchI bhI hai aura burI bhii| tumhAre liye acchI hai aura i liye burI hai apanI apanI dRSTi hI to hai / ye tInoM vyakti ra prakArakA vacana vyavahAra karate hai| pahalA vidhi karatA hai, dUsarA ni aura tIsarA vidhi aura nissedh|

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janadharma / vastuke ukta donoM dharmoko yadi koI eka sAtha kahanA cAhe to to kaha sakatA, kyoki eka zabda eka samayame vidhi aura niSedhamese kA hI kathana kara sakatA hai| aisI avasthAmeM vastu avAcya ThaharatI arthAt use zabdake dvArA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ukta cAra vacana vahArokodArzanikabhASAme syAt sat, syAt asat, syAt sadasat aura ut avaktavya kahate hai| saptabhaMgIke mUla yahI cAra bhaga hai| inhIke gase sAta bhaMga hote hai| arthAt caturtha bhaga syAt avaktavyake sAtha paza pahale, dUsare aura tIsare bhagako milAnese pAMcavAM, chaThA aura tavA bhaga banatA hai / kintu loka vyavahArameM mUla cAra tarahake nokA hI vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| sa svAmI zaMkarAcAryane cauthe bhaga 'syAdavaktavya' para bhI Apatti hai| ve kahate hai ki-"padArtha avaktavya bhI nahI ho skte| yadi 'avaktavya hai to unakA kathana nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kathana bhI yA jAya aura avaktavya bhI kahA jAye ye donoM bAteM parasparameM "ruddha hai"| kintu yadi jaina vastuko sarvathA avaktavya kahate taba to 'cArya zaMkarakA ukta doSadAna ucita hotaa| kintu ve to apekSA se avaktavya' kahate hai, isIkA sucana karaneke liye syAt zabda ktavyake sAtha lagAyA gayA hai jo batalAtA hai ki vastu sarvathA avahavya nahIM hai, kintu kisI eka dRSTikoNase avaktavya hai| - isase spaSTa hai ki AcAryazakara syAdvAdako samajha nahI sake / liye svargIya mahAmahopAdhyAya DAkTara gaMgAnAtha jhA ne likhA hai "jabase maine zaMkarAcArya dvArA jainasiddhAntakA khaNDana paDhA hai se mujhe vizvAsa humA hai ki isa siddhAntameM bahuta kucha hai, jise ntike AcAryone nahI smjhaa| aura jo kucha meM aba taka jainadharmako / na sakA hU~ usase merA yaha dRDha vizvAsa huA hai ki yadi ve jainadharmako T1 "na capA padArthAnAmavaktavyatva sbhvti| avaktavyaracanocyoran / lo nAnAti ninidhi" / --brahmasa0 zAM0 2-2-33 /

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jainadharma ra diyaa| unake pazcAt AptamImAMsApara 'aSTazatI" nAmaka Syake racayitA zrIakalaMkadevane meSa tIna bhagokA upayoga karake sa kamIko pUrA kara diyaa| unake matase zaMkarAcAryakA anirvacayavAda satvaktavya, bauddhokA anyApohavAda asadavaktavya aura yogama padArthavAda sadasadavaktavya koTimeM gabhita hai| isa taraha sAto goMkA upayoga ho jAtA hai| 3. dravya-vyavasthA jainadarzanake mUlatattva anekAntavAda aura usake phalitArtha syAdvAda rasaptabhaMgIvAdakA paricaya karAkara ava dravyavyavasthAko batalAte hai| __ yadyapi dravyakA lakSaNa sat hai tathApi prakArAntarase guNa aura ryAyoMke samUhako bhI dravya kahate haiN| jaise, jIva eka dravya hai, usameM kha jJAna Adi guNa pAye jAte haiM aura nara nArakI Adi paryAya pAI nAtI hai| kintu dravyase guNa aura paryAyakI pRthak sattA nahIM hai| aisA hI hai ki guNa pRthak hai, paryAya pRthak hai aura unake melale dravya banA hai| kintu anAdikAlale guNaparyAyAtmaka hI dravya hai / sAdhAraNa tite guNa nitya hote haiM aura paryAya anitya hotI hai| ataH dravyako netya-anitya kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzanameM satkA lakSaNa utsAda, vyaya aura prauvya mAnA gayA hai| arthAt jisameM prati samaya utpatti, vinAza maura sthiratA pAI jAtI hai vahI sat hai| jaise, miTTIte ghaTa banAte samaya miTTIkI piNDarUpa paryAya naSTa hotI hai, ghaTa paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura miTTI kAyama rahatI hai| aisA nahIM hai ki piNDa paryAyakA nAza pRthaka samayameM hotA hai aura ghaTa paryAyakI utpatti yak samayameM hotI hai| kintu jo samaya pahalI paryAyake nAgakA hai, hI samaya AgekI paryAyake utpAdakA hai| isa taraha pratisamaya pUrva yikA nAza bora lAgeko paryAyakI utpattike hote hue bhI dravya kAyama 2. aSTasahatI pR0 138-142 // -

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siddhAnta 1 ataH vastu pratisamaya utpAda vyaya aura provyAtmaka rahatA hai / kahI jAtI hai / 4 1 Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu parivartanazIla hai, aura usame vaha parivartana prati samaya hotA rahatA hai / jaise, eka baccA kucha samaya bAda yuvA ho jAtA hai aura phira kucha kAlake vAda vUDhA ho jAtA hai / bacapana se yuvApana aura yuvApanase buDhApA ekadama nahI A jAtA, kintu pratiH samaya bacceme jo parivartana hotA rahatA hai vahI kucha samaya bAda yuvApana ca ke rUpame dRSTigocara hotA hai| prati samaya honevAlA parivartana itana sUkSma hai ki use hama dekha sakaneme asamartha hai / isa parivartanake hote hue bhI usa bacceme ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa vaDA hai, jAne para bhI hama use pahacAna lete hai / yadi aisA na mAnakara dravyaka), kevala nitya hI mAna liyA jAye to usame kisI prakArakA parivartana nahI ho sakegA, aura yadi kevala anitya hI mAna liyA jAye to AtmA, ke sarvathA kSaNika honese pahale jAne huekA smaraNa Adi vyApAra nahIM, vana sakegA / ata. pratyeka dravya utpAda, vinAza aura dhovya svabhAva, vAlA hai / cU~ki dravyame guNa dhruva hote hai aura paryAya utpAda vinAza zIla hotI hai; ata. guNaparyAyAtmaka kaho yA utpAdavyaya provyAtmava kaho, donoM kA eka hI abhiprAya hai / dravyake ina donoM lakSaNome vAstava meM koI bheda nahI hai, kintu eka lakSaNa dUsare lakSaNakA vyaJjakamAtra hai dravyakA svarUpa batalAte hue AcArya kundakundane pravacanasAram kahA hai . 'daviyadi gacchadi tAi vAi sambhAvapajjayAI ja / daviyaM taM bhaSNate aNaNNabhUda tu sattAdo || || 6 artha -- 'dra' dhAtuse, jisakA artha jAnA hai, dravya zabda banA hai ataH jo apanI una una paryAyoko prApta karatA hai, use dravya kahate hai| vaha dravya sattAse abhinna hai / ' isase yaha batalAyA hai ki dravya satsvarUpa hai / aura jaise paryAyoka pravAha satat jArI rahatA hai, ekake pazcAt dUsarI aura dUsarI

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jainadharma pazcAt tIsarI paryAya hotI rahatI hai, vaise hI dravyakA pravAha bhI satat jArI rahatA hai| arthAt dravya anAdi aura ananta hai| * 'davvaM sallakkhaNiya uppAdavvayadhuvattasajutta / guNapajjayAsayaM vAja taM bhaNNati savvaNhU // 10 // artha-'bhagavAn jinendradeva dravyakA lakSaNa sat kahate hai| athavA / utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase saMyukta hai vaha dravya hai| athavA jo guNa aura paryAyakA Azraya hai vaha dravya hai|' ___ dravyake ina tIno lakSaNoMmese ekake kahanese zeSa do lakSaNa vataH hI kahe jAte hai, kyoki jo sata hai vaha utpAda, vyaya aura prauvya thA guNa aura paryAyase saMyukta hai, jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyavAlA vaha sat hai aura guNa paryAyakA Azraya bhI hai, tathA jo guNa paryAyavAlA vaha sat hai aura utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase saMyukta bhI hai| ___ cUMki sat nityAnityAtmaka hai ata. satke kahanese utpAda, vyaya aura nauvyapanA prakaTa hotA hai tathA dhruvatvase guNoMke sAtha aura utpAdayasa vinAgazIla paryAyoke sAtha ekAtmakatA prakaTa hotI hai| isI raha vastuko utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa batalAnese usakI tyAnityAtmakatA aura guNaparyAyaviziSTitA prakaTa hotI hai / thA vastuko guNaparyAyAtmaka batalAnese guNoMse dhrauvyakA aura paryAyase tpAda vinAzakA sUcana hotA hai aura usase nityAnityAtmaka sat yaha pratIta hotA hai / ata. tInoM lakSaNa prakArAntarase dravyakA vazleSaNa karate hai aura batalAte hai ki "uppattIva viNAso dadhvasta ya Natyi atyi smmaavo| vigamuppAdaSuvattaM karati tasseva pajjAyA // 11 // artha-"dravyakA na to utpAda hotA hai aura na vinAza, vaha to tsvarUpa hai| kintu usIkI paryAya usake utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyako ratI hai|" isakA yaha matalaba hai ki dravya na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa

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siddhAnta 77 hotA hai, kintu usakI paryAya utpanna hotI aura naSTa hotI hai aura 1 F paryAya cUMki dravyase abhinna hai ata. dravya bhI utpAda-vyayazIla hai| jaina darzanake isa siddhAntakA pratipAdana maharSi pataJjaline bhI / apane mahAbhASyake pazapazAhnikameM nimnalikhita zabdomeM kiyA hai___"vya nityam, aakRtirnityaa| suvarNa kayAcidAkRtyA yukta piNDo bhavati,' 'piNDAkRtimupamRdya rucakA. kriyante, rucakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakA kriyante, kaTakAkRtimupamRdya svastikA kriyante / punarAvRttaH suvarNapiNDa punaraparayA'kRtyA yukta. sadirAMgArasadRze kuNDale bhavata / AkRtiranyA ca anyA ca bhavati, duvyaM / punastadava, AkRtyupamardaina duvymevaavshissyte|" arthAt-dravya nitya hai aura AkAra yAnI paryAya anitya hai| suvarNa kisI eka viziSTa AkArase piNDarUpa hotA hai| piNDarUpakA . vinAza karake usase mAlA banAI jAtI hai| mAlAkA vinAza karake usase kar3e banAye jAte hai / kaDoMko tor3akara usase svastika banAye jAte hai| svastikoMko galAkara phira suvarNapiNDa ho jAtA hai| usake amuka AkArakA vinAza karake khadira aGgArake samAna do kuNDala banA liye jAte hai| isa prakAra AkAra badalatA rahatA hai parantu dravya' vahIM rahatA hai| AkArake naSTa honepara bhI dravya zeSa rahatA hI hai|' isase dravyakI nityatA aura paryAyakI anityatA pramANita hotI hai| jaina darzana bhI aisA hI mAnatA hai aura isIse vaha vastukA lakSaNa utpAda-vyaya aura prauvya karatA hai| usake matase tattva trayAtmaka hai| AcArya samantabhadrane do dRSTAnta dekara isI vAtako pramANita kiyA hai| AptamImAsAme ve likhate hai 'ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI naashotpaadsthitissvym| zokapramodamAdhyasthya jano yAti sahetukam // 56 // 'eka rAjAke eka putra hai aura eka putrI / rAjAke pAsa eka sonekA ghar3A hai / putrI usa ghaTako cAhatI hai, kintu rAjaputra usa ghaTako toDakara usakA mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA putrakI haTha pUrI karaneke liye ghaTako tur3avAkara usakA mukuTa banavA detA hai| ghaTake

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jainadharma 5 . dukhI hotI hai, mukuTake utpAdase putra prasanna hotA hai aura pUki rAjA to suvarNakA icchuka hai jo ki ghaTa TUTakara mukuTa bana jAnepara bhI kAyana rahatA hai ata use na goka hotA hai aura na hp| mata. vastu trayAtmaka (tInarUpa) hai|' dUsarA udAharaNa 'payovrato na dadhyatti na payo'tti ddhivrtH| agorasannato nobhe tasmAttala yAtmakam // 60 // ' "jisane kevala dUdha hI khAnekA vrata liyA hai, vaha dahI nahIM khAtA / jisane kevala dahI khAnekA vrata liyA hai vaha dUdha nahI khAtA / aura jisane gorasamAtra na khAnekA vrata liyA hai vaha na dUdha khAtA hai aura na dahI, kyoMki dUdha aura dahI dono gorasakI do paryAyeM hai ata gorasatva donome hai| isase siddha hai ki vastu trayAtmaka-utAdavyaya dhrauvyAsmaka hai| mImAMsAzanake pAragAmI mahAmati kumArila bhI vastuko utsAda,vyaya aura prauvya-svarUpa mAnate hai| unhone bhI usake samarthanake liye svAmI samantabhadrake ukta dRSTAntako hI apanAyA hai| ve usakA khulAsA karate hue likhate hai 'vardhamAnakabhaMge ca rucaka. kriyate ydaa| tadA pUrvAdhina. zoka protishcaapyuttraadhin.||21|| hemApinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu RyAtmakam / notpAdaspitibhagAnAmanAve syAnmatitrayan // 22 // na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyatvya tena sAmAnyanityatA // 23 // ' -mo0 zlo0 vA0 / arthAt-'java suvarNake pyAleko tor3akara usakI mAlA vanAI jAtI hai tava jisako pyAlekI jarUrata hai, usako zoka hotA hai, jise mAlAkI AvazyakatA hai use harSa hotA hai aura jise suvarNakI AvazyakatA hai use na harSa hotA hai aura na zoka / ataH vastu trayAtmaka

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# siddhAnta hai / yadi utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya na hote to tIna vyaktiyo ke tIna prakArake bhAva na hote, kyoMki pyAleke nAzake vinA pyAlekI Avazya katAvAleko zoka nahI ho sakatA, mAlAke utpAdake vinA mAlAka AvazyakatAvAleko harSa nahI ho sakatA aura suvarNakI sthiratAke bina suvarNake icchukako pyAleke vinAza aura mAlAke utpAdane mAdhyasthya nahI raha sakatA / ata vastu sAmAnyase nitya hai / ' ( aura vizeSa arthAt paryAyarUpase anitya hai ) / niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina darzaname dravya hI eka tattva hai, jo ki 6 prakArakA hai aura vaha prati samaya utpAda vyaya aura provya svarUpa hai ataeva vaha dravyadRSTise nitya hai aura paryAyadRSTise anitya hai / a pratyeka dravyakA paricaya karAyA jAtA hai / 4. jIvadravya canda 77 jainAcArya zrIkundakundane jIbakA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai - 'arasamakhvamagaghaM avvatta vedaNAguNamasacha / jANa aliMgaggahaNa jIvamaNiddiTThasaThANa // 2-80 // ' -pravaca0 'jisame na koI rasa hai na koI rUpa hai aura na kisI prakAraka gaMdha hai, ataeva jo avyakta hai, zabdarUpa bhI nahI hai, kisI bhautika cihnase bhI jise nahI jAnA jA sakatA aura na jisakA koI nirdiSTa AkAra hI hai, usa caitanyaguNa viziSTa dravyako jIva kahate hai / isakA yaha Azaya hai ki jisakA cetanAguNa hai, vaha jIva hai aura vaha jIva pudgala dravyase judA hai, kyoki pudgaladravya rUpa, rasa / gandha aura sparza guNavAlA tathA sAkAra hotA hai, kintu jIvadravya aisa nahI hai / ata jIvadravya jaDatattvase judA eka vAstavika padArtha hai aura bhI 'jIvo tti ha vadi cedA uvayogavisesido pahU kattA / bhottA ya dehamatto Na hi mutto kammasajutto // 27 // - pacAsti0

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76 janadharma 'yaha jIva caitanyasvarUpa hai, jAnane dekhanerupa upayogavAlA hai, bhu hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai aura apane zarIrake barAbara hai| tathA dyapi vaha mUrtika nahIM hai tathApi karmoMse sayukta hai|' isa gAthAke dvArA jIvadravyake sambandhameM jainadarzanakI prAyaH sabhI khya mAnyatAoko vatalA diyA hai| unakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai jIva cetana hai jIvakA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa cetanA hai aura vaha cetanA jAnane aura dekhanarUpa hai| arthAt jo jAnatA aura dekhatA hai vaha jIva hai / pAkhya bhI cetanAko puruSakA svarUpa mAnatA hai, kintu vaha use jJAnarUpa hI maantaa| usake matase jJAna prakRtikA dharma hai| vaha mAnatA hai ke jJAnakA udaya na to akele puruSameM hI hotA hai aura na vuddhimeM hI hotA hai| java jJAnendriyA~ vAhya padArthoko vuddhike sAmane upasthita karatI I to buddhi upasthita padArthake AkArako dhAraNa kara letI hai| itane para bhI jaba buddhimeM caitanyAtmaka puruSakA prativimba paDatA hai tabhI jAnakA udaya hotA hai| parantu jainadarzanameM buddhi aura caitanyame koI bheda hI nahI hai| usame harSa, viSAda Adi aneka paryAyavAlA jJAnarUpa eka AtmA hI anubhavase siddha hai / caitanya, vuddhi, adhyavasAya, jJAna Adi usIkI paryAye kahalAtI hai| ata caitanya jJAnasvarUpa hI hai / usakI do avasthAe~ hotI hai| eka antarmukha aura dUsarI bahirmukha jaba vaha AtmasvarUpako grahaNa karatA hai to use darzana kahate hai aura jaba vaha bAhya padArthako grahaNa karatA hai to use jJAna kahate hai| jJAna aura darzaname mukhya bheda yaha hai ki jaise jJAnake dvArA 'yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai ityAdi rUpase vastukI vyavasthA hotI hai, usa taraha darzanake dvArA nahIM hotii| ata jIva caitanyAtmaka hai, isakA Azaya hai ki jIva jJAnadarza nAtmaka hai, jJAna darzana jIvake guNa yA svabhAva hai| koI jIva unake binA rahahI nahI sktaa| jo jIva hai vaha jJAnavAn hai aura jojJAnavAn

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siddhAnta 76 hai vaha jIva hai| jaise Aga apane uSNa guNako choDakara nahI raha sakatI, vaise hI jIva bhI jJAnaguNake binA nahIM raha sktaa| ekendriya vRkSa rahanevAle jIvase lekara muktAtmAoM takame hInAdhika jJAna pAyA jAtA hai| sabase kama jJAna vanaspatikAyake jIvome pAyA jAtA hai aura sabase adhika yAnI pUrNajJAna muktAtmAme pAyA jAtA hai| jainetara dArzanikome naiyAyika vaizeSika bhI jJAnako jIvakA guNa mAnate hai| kintu unake matAnusAra guNa aura guNI ye dono do pRthak padArtha hai aura una donoMkA parasparameM samavAyasambandha hai| ata. unake matase AtmA jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai, kintu usameM jJAnaguNa rahatA hai isaliye vaha jJAnavAn kahA jAtA hai| kintu jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki yadi AtmA jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai to vaha ajJAnasvarUpa ThaharatA hai| aura usake ajJAnasvarUpa honepara AtmA aura jaDameM koI antara nahIM rhtaa| isapara naiyAyikakA kahanA hai ki AtmAke sAtha to zAnakA sambandha hotA hai kintu jaDa ghaTAdikake sAtha jJAnakA sambandha nhiiN| hotaa| isaliye AtmA aura jaDame antara hai| isapara jaina dArzanikoMkA kahanA hai ki jaba AtmA bhI jJAnasvarUpa nahI hai aura jaDa bhI jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai, phira bhI jJAnakA sambandha AtmAse hI kyo hotA hai, jaDase kyo nahI hotA? yadi kahA jAyegA ki AtmA cetana hai isaliye, usIke sAtha jJAnakA sambandha hotA hai to isa para jaina dArzanikokA yaha kahanA hai ki naiyAyika AtmAko svaya cetana bhI nahIM mAnatA kintu caitanyake sambandhase hI cetana mAnatA hai| aisI sthitime jAnakI hI taraha cetanake sambandhameM bhI vahI prazna paidA hotA hai ki caitanyakA sambandha, AtmAke hI sAtha kyo hotA hai ghaTAdikake sAtha kyo nahI hotA? ata. isa Apattise bacaneke liye AtmAko svaya cetana aura jJAnasvarUpa mAnanA caahiye| jaisA ki kahA hai 'NANI NANa ca sadA atyatarido du annnnmnnnnss| doNha acedaNatta pasajadi samma jiNAvamada // 48 //

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80 jainadharma Na hi so samavAyAdo atyatarido duNANado nnaannii| aNNANIti ya vayaNa egattappasAdhakaM hodi ||4|| --paJcAsti / arthAt-'yadi jJAnI aura jJAnako parasparameM sadA eka dUsarese bhinna padArthAntara mAnA jAyagA to dono acetana ho jaayege| yadi kahA jAyegA ki jJAnase bhinna honepara bhI AtmA jJAnake samavAyase zAnI hotA hai to prazna hotA hai ki jAnake sAtha samavAya sambandha honese pahale vaha AtmA jJAnI thA yA ajJAnI ? yadi jJAnI thA to usameM jJAnakA samavAya mAnanA vyartha hai| yadi ajJAnI thA to ajJAnake samavAyase ajJAnI thA yA ajJAnake sAtha ekameka honese ajJAnI thA ? ajJAnIme ajJAnakA samavAya mAnanA to vyartha hI hai| tathA usa samaya usameM jJAnakA samavAya na honase use jJAnI bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isaliye ajJAnake sAtha ekameka honese AtmA ajJAnI hI ThaharatA hai| aisI sthitime jaise ajJAnake sAtha ekameka honese AtmA ajJAnI huA vaise hI jJAnake sAtha bhI AtmAkA ekatva mAnanA caahiye| / sArAza yaha hai janadarzana guNa aura guNIke pradeza jude nahIM maantaa| jo AtmAke pradeza hai ve hI pradeza jJAnAdika guNoke bhI hai, isaliye hai uname pradezabheda nahIM hai| aura jude ve hI kahalAte hai jinake pradeza bhI 'jude hoN| ata jo jAnatA hai vahI jJAna hai| isaliye jJAnake sambandhasa da AtmA jJAtA nahIM hai, kintu jJAna hI AtmA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai-- ___NANa mama ti mada vaTTadi gANaM viNANa appaann| tamhA gANa appA appA gANa va aNNa vA // 27 // ~pravacana ____ arthAt-'jJAna AtmA hai aisA mAnA gayA hai| cUMki jJAna AtmA ke vinA nahIM rahatA ata jJAna AtmA hI hai| kintu mAtmAmeM anaka 9 guNa pAye jAte hai ata AtmA jJAnasvarUpa bhI hai aura anya guNa

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2 jainadharma janya na honese hI AtmAkA kartRtva svIkAra karanA par3atA hai | ata AtmA kartA hai | bhoktA hai jisa taraha jIva apane bhAvoMkA kartA hai usI taraha unakA bhoktA mI hai / yadi AtmA sukha duHkhakA bhoktA na ho to sukha dukhakI anubhUti hI nahI ho sakatI aura anubhUti caitanyakA dharma hai / sAkhyakA kahanA hai ki 'puruSa svabhAvase bhoktA nahI hai kintu usame bhoktRtvakA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki sukha dukhakA anubhava buddhike dvArA hotA hai 'ora buddhi acetana hai / buddhimeM sakrAnta sukha dukhakA prativimva zuddha svabhAvameM par3atA hai, ata. puruSako sukha dukhakA bhoktA mAna liyA jAtA hai|' isa para jainokA kahanA hai ki jaise sphaTikameM japAkusumakA prativimba par3ane se sphaTika maNikA lAla rUpase pariNamana mAnanA par3atA hai vaise hI puruSameM sukha dukhakA pratibimba mAnanese puruSameM sukha dukharUpa pariNAma mAnanA hI paDatA hai| usake binA sukha dukhakI anubhUti nahI ho sakatI / apane zarIrapramANa hai| jaina darzanameM jIvako zarIrapramANa mAnA gayA hai / jaise dIpaka choTe yA var3e jisa sthAna meM rakhA jAtA hai, usakA prakAza usake anusAra hI yA to sakuca jAtA hai yA phaila jAtA hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI prApta hue choTe yA vaDe zarIra ke AkArakA ho jAtA hai| kintu na to sakoca hone para AtmAke pradezokI hAni hotI hai aura na vistAra honepara naye pradezokI vRddhi hotI hai| pratyeka dazAme AtmA asaMkhyAtapradezIkA asaMkhyAtapradezI hI rahatA hai / AtmAko zarIrapramANa mAnanameM yaha Apatti kI jAtI hai ki yadi AtmA zarIrake pratyeka pradezameM praveza karatA hai to zarIrakI taraha AtmAko bhI sAvayava mAnanA paDatA hai aura sAvayava mAnane se AtmAkA vinAza prApta hotA hai, kyoMki jaise ghaTa sAvayava hai jaba usake avayavokA saMyoga naSTa hotA hai to ghaTa bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI taraha AtmAko

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siddhAnta 53 sAvayava mAnanese usakA bhI nAza ho sakatA hai / isa ApattikA uttara jainadarzana detA hai ki jaina dRSTise AtmA kathaMcit sAvayava bhI hai, kintu usake avayava ghaTake avayavoMkI taraha kAraNapUrvaka nahI hai / arthAt ghaTa eka dravya nahI hai kintu aneka dravya hai, kyoki aneka paramANuoM ke samUhase ghaTa banA hai aura pratyeka paramANu eka eka dravya hai / ata ghaTake avayava usake kAraNabhUta paramANubhoMse utpanna hue hai / kintu AtmAmeM yaha bAta nahI hai AtmA eka akhaNDa aura avinAzI dravya hai / vaha aneka dravyoke saMyogase nahI banA hai / ata ghaTakI taraha usake vinAzakA prasaGga upasthita nahI hotA / jaise AkAza eka sarvavyApaka amUrtika dravya hai, kintu use bhI jaina darzaname ananta pradezI mAnA gayA hai, kyoki yadi aisA na mAnA jAyegA to mathurA, kAzI aura kalakattA eka pradezavartI ho jAyeMge / cUMki ye bhinna-bhinna pradezavartI hai ata siddha hai ki AkAza bahupradezI bhI hai / bahupradezI honepara bhI na to AkAzakA vinAza hI hotA hai aura na vaha anitya hI hai, usI taraha AtmAko bhI jAnanA cAhiye / dUsarI Apatti yaha kI jAtI hai ki yadi AtmA zarIra pramANa hai to bAlakaka zarIrapramANase yuvA zarIrarUpa vaha kaise badala jAtA hai| yadi vAlakake zarIrapramANako chor3akara vaha yuvAke zarIrapramANa hotA hai to zarIrakI taraha AtmA bhI anitya ThaharatA hai / yadi vAlakake zarIrapramANako chor3e vinA AtmA yuvA zarIrarUpa hotA hai to yaha saMbhava nahI hai, kyoki eka parimANako chor3e binA dUsarA parimANa nahI ho sktaa| isake sivA yadi jIva zarIraparimANa hai to zarIrake ekAdha aMzake kaTa jAnepara AtmAke bhI amuka bhAgakI hAni mAnanI par3atI hai / isakA uttara yaha hai ki AtmA bAlakake zarIraparimANako chor3akara hI yuvA zarIrake parimANako dhAraNa karatA hai / jaise sarpa apane phaNa vagairahako phailAkara vaDA kara letA hai vaise hI AtmA bhI saMkoca - vistAra guNake kAraNa bhinna-bhinna samayame bhinna-bhinna AkAravAlA ho jAtA

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janadharma / isa apekSAse AtmAko anitya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu vyadRSTise to AtmA nitya hI hai| zarIrake khaNDita ho jAnepara AtmA khaNDita nahIM hotA kintu zarIrake khaNDita hue bhAgame AtmApradeza vistArarUpa ho jAte hai / yadi khaNDita hue bhAgameM AtmAke deza na mAne jAye to zarIrase kaTakara alaga hue bhAgame jo kaMpana khA jAtA hai usakA koI dUsarA kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, yoMki usa bhAgame dUsarI AtmA to nahIM ho sakatA, aura vinA sAtmAke parispanda nahI ho sakatA, kyoki kucha derake vAda, java Atmadeza sakuca jAte hai to kaTe bhAgameM kriyA nahIM rhtii| ata. zarIrake to bhAga ho jAnepara bhI AtmAke do bhAga nahIM hote| ata. AtmA zarIra parimANavAlA hai, kyoki mai sukhI hU~, ityAdi rUpase zarIrameM ho AtmAkA grahaNa hotA hai| __isa prakAra AtmAko zarIraparimANavAlA siddha karake jainadArzanika AtmAke vyApakatvakA khaNDana karate hai / ve kahate hai ki yadi AtmA vyApaka hai to usameM kriyA nahI ho sakatI aura kriyAke binA vaha puNya-pApakA kartA nahIM ho sktaa| tathA kartRtvake binA vanya aura mokSako vyavasthA nahIM bntii| kosa saMyukta hai jainadarzana pratyeka saMsArI AtmAko karmoMse baddha mAnatA hai| yaha karmavandhana usake kisI amuka samayameM nahI huA, kintu anAdisa hai| jaise, khAnase sonA sumaila hI nikalatA hai vaise hI saMsArI AtmAeM bhA anAdikAlase karmabandhaname jakar3e hae hI pAye jAte hai / yAda AtmAeM anAdikAlase zaddha hI ho to phira unake karmabandhana nahIM ho sakatA, kyoki karmavandhanake liye Antarika azuddhikA honA Avazyaka hai| usake vinA bhI yadi karmavandhana hone lage to mukta AtmAlAka , 'bhI karmavandhanakA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai aura aisI avasthA 'mukti ke liye prayala karanA vyartha ho jaayegaa|

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siddhAnta 1 isa prakAra jaina dRSTise jIva jAnane dekhanevAlA, amUrtika, kartA bhoktA, zarIra parimANavAlA aura apane utthAna aura patanake li svayaM uttaradAyI hai / jIvake bheda ca 4 usa jIvake mUla bheda do hai-sasArI jIva aura mukta jIva karmabandhanase vaddha jo jIva eka gatise dUsarI gatime janma lete aura - marate hai ve sasArI hai aura jo usase chUTa cuke hai ve mukta hai| mukta jIvo to koI bheda hotA hI nahIM, sabhI samAna guNadharmavAle ho " hai / kintu saMsArI jIvome aneka bheda prabheda pAye jAte hai / sasAra jIva cAra prakArake hote haiM, nArakI, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva /la isa pRthivIke nIce sAta naraka hai, uname jo jIva nivAsa karate ha ve nArakI hai / Upara svargome jo nivAsa karate haiM ve deva kahAte hai hai hama Apa saba manuSya hai aura pazu, pakSI, kIr3e makoDe, vRkSa Adi sava tiryaJca kahe jAte hai / nArakI, deva aura manupyoke to pAMcara jJAnendriyA~ hotI hai, kintu tiryaJcomeM aisA nahI hai / pRthvIkAyika jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vanaspatikAyika jIvova kevala eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai, usIke dvArA ve jAnate haiM / in jIvoMko sthAvara kahate hai / jainadharmake anusAra manuSya, pazu, pakSI kIDe, makor3e Adike sivA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati" bhI jIva hai| miTTI meM kIr3e Adi jIva to hai hI, kintu miTTI pahA Adi svayaM pRthvIkAyika jIvoke zarIrakA piNDa hai / isI tara jalame yaMtroMke dvArA dikhAI denevAle aneka jIvoke atirikta ja svaya jalakAyika jIvoke zarIrakA piNDa hai / yahI bAta agnikAra Adike vipayame bhI jAnanI cAhiye / laTa Adi jIvoke sparzana au rasanA ye do indriyA~ hotI hai / cITI vagairahake sparzana, rasanA mo ghrANa ye tIna indriyA~ hotI hai / bhore Adike sparzana, rasanA, ghA aura cakSu ye cAra indriyA~ hotI hai aura sarpa, nevalA, pazu, pakSI Adiva

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janadharma pAMcoM indriyA~ hotI hai| ina indriyoke dvArA ve jIva apane apane yogya sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabdakA jJAna karate hai| jaina zAstrome ina sabhI jIvoMkI yoni, janma aura zarIra vagairahakA vistArase varNana kiyA gayA hai| / yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA jarUrI hai ki janadarzana jIva bahutvavAdI hai| vaha pratyeka jIvako svataMtra sattA svIkAra karatA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki yadi sabhI jIva eka hote to eka jIvake sukhI honese sabhI jIva sukhI hote, eka jIvake duHkhI honese sabhI jIva dukhI hote, ekake bandhanase sabhI baMdhanabaddha hote aura ekakI muktise sabhI mukta ho jAte / jIvokI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoko dekhakara hI sAMkhyane bhI jIvokI anekatAko svIkAra kiyA hai / jainadarzanakA bhI yahI kahanA jIva sukhI hote. dhanabaddha hote aura bAko dekhakara hI bhI yahI 5 ajIvadravya . 6 jina dravyoMmeM caitanya nahIM pAyA jAtA ve ajIvadravya kahe jAte hai| ve pA~ca hai| unakA paricaya isa prakAra hai 1 pudgaladravya yaha vAta ullekhanIya hai ki jaina darzaname pudgala zabdakA prayoga vilkula anokhA hai, anya darzanomeM isakA prayoga nahI pAyA jAtA / jo TUTe phUTe, bane aura bigaDe vaha saba pudgaladravya hai| moTe taurapara hama jo kucha dekhate hai, chate hai, saMghate hai, khAte haiM aura sunate hai vaha saba pudgaladravya hai| isIliye jaina zAstroMme pudgalakA lakSaNa rUpa, rasa, gadha aura sparzavAlA batalAyA hai| isa taraha pudgalase Adhunika vijJAnA 'maMTara' (Matter) aura inarjI (Energy) dono hI sagRhAta ho jAte hai / jo paramANusambandhI Adhunika khojose paricita ha ve pudgala zabdake cunAvakI prazaMsA hI kreNge| Adhunika vaijJAnikAMka matAnusAra sava aToma (paramANu) ilaikTrona proTrona aura nyUTrAnA

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siddhAnta 87 samUha mAtra hai / vijJAname yUreniyama eka dhAtu hai usase sadA tIna prakArakI kiraNe nikalatI rahatI hai| jaba yUreniyamakA eka aNu, tInoM kiraNoMko kho baiThatA hai to vaha eka reDiyamake aNuke rUpame vadala jAtA hai| isI taraha reDiyama aNu zIzA dhAtume parivartita ho jAtA hai| yaha parivartana batalAtA hai ki elekTrona aura proTronake vibhAgoM 'maiTara'kA eka rUpa dUsare rUpame parivartita ho jAtA hai / isa raho vadalA aura TUTa phUTako pudgala' zabda batalAtA hai| chaho dravyoMmeM eka pudgala, dravya hI mUrtika hai, zeSa dravya amUrtika hai| nyAyadarzanakAra, pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyuko judA judA dravya mAnate hai, kyoki unakI mAnyatAke anusAra pRthivIme rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza cAro, guNa pAye jAte hai, jalame gandhake sivA zeSa tIna hI guNa pAye jAte hai.. tejameM gandha aura rasake sivA zeSa do hI guNa pAye jAte hai aura vAyume kevala eka sparza hI guNa pAyA jAtA hai| ata cAroke paramANu judejudeha / arthAt pRthivIke paramANu jude hai, jalake paramANu jude hai, tejake. paramANu jude hai aura vAyuke paramANu jude hai| ata. ye cAro dravya jude. jude hai / kintu jaina darzanakA kahanA hai ki saba paramANu ekajAtIya" hI hai aura una sabhIme cAroM guNa pAye jAte hai| kintu unase bane hue dravyomeM jo kisI kisI guNakI pratIti nahIM hotI, usakA kAraNa una' guNoMkA abhivyakta na ho sakanA hI hai| jaise, pRthivIme jalakA siMcana karanese gandha guNa vyakta hotA hai isaliye use kevala pRthvIkA hI guNa nahI mAnA jA sakatA / A~valA khAkara pAnI pInese pAnIkA svAda mIThA lagatA hai, kintu vaha svAda kevala pAnIkA hI nahIM hai, A~valekA svAda bhI usame sammilita hai| isI prakAra anyatra bhI jAnanA caahiye| isake sivA jalase motI utpanna hotA hai jo pArthiva mAnA jAtA hai, jaMgalame bAMsokI ragar3ase agni utpanna ho jAtI hai, jauke khAne, peTame vAyu utpanna hotI hai| isase siddha hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyake paramANugomeM bheda nahIM hai| jo kucha bheda hai, vaha kevala pariNamanakA bhada hai| ataH sabhImeM sparzAdi cAro guNa mAnane caahiye| aura

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jainadharma isIliye pRthvI Adi cAra dravya nahIM hai kintu eka dravya hai| isIliye kahA hai 'Adesamata mutto dhAducadukkassa kAraNa jo du|| so Nemo paramANU pariNAmaguNo sayamasaddo // 78, -pcaasti| arthAt-jo pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyukA kAraNa hai vaha paramANu / paramANu dravya hai usame sparNa, rasa, gandha aura rUpa ye cAro guNa iye jAte haiN| isI kAraNase vaha mUrtika kahA jAtA hai| vaha paramANu bhavibhAgI hotA hai, kyoMki usakA, Adi, anta aura madhya nahIM hai| isIliye usakA dUsarA bhAga nahIM hotaa| jaina darzanakI dRSTise dravya aura guNameM pradezabheda nahIM hotaa| isaliye jo pradeza paramANukA hai vahI cAro guNokA bhI hai| ata ina cAro guNoko paramANuse judA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| phira bhI jo kisI dravyameM kisI guNakI pratIti nahIM hotI usakA kAraNa paramANukA pariNAmitva hai, pariNa manazIla hone ke kAraNa hI kahI kisI guNakI udbhUti dekhI jAtI hai aura kahI kisI guNakI anubhUti / kintu paramANu zabdarUpa nahIM hai| pudgalake do bheda hai-paramANu aura skandha / prAcIna zAstromeM paramANukA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai "attAdi attamajjhaM attata va idiygejjh| ja davva avibhAgI ta paramANu viyANAhi / ' jo svaya hI Adi, svaya hI madhya aura svayaM hI antarUpa hai| 'arthAt jisameM Adi, madhya aura antakA bheda nahIM hai aura jo indriyoke dvArA bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usa avibhAgI dravyako paramANu jaano|' 'sanvesi khaMghANa jo ato ta viyANa paramANU / so sassado asaho ekko avimAgI muttibhavo // 77 // paJcAstika 'saba skandhokA jo antima khaNDa hai, arthAt jisakA dUsarA khaNDa / nahI ho sakatA, use paramANu jaano| vaha paramANu nitya hai, zabdarUpa 'nahI hai, eka pradezI hai, avibhAgI hai aura mUrtika hai|

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siddhAnta 'eyarasavaNNagadha do phAsa sahakAraNa masaI / khapatarida danva paramANu ta piyANAhi // 81 // ' -paJcAsti "jisame eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gandha aura do sparza guNa hote hai jo zabdakI utpattime kAraNa to hai kintu svayaM zabdarUpa nahI hai . HE skandhase judA hai, use paramANu jaano|' ___ Uparake isa vivecanase paramANuke samvandhameM aneka vAteM jJAta hotI hai| pudgalake sabase choTe avibhAgI azako paramANu kahate hai| vaha paramANu ekapradezI hotA hai, isIliye usakA dUsarA bhAga nahIM ho sktaa| usame koI eka rasa, koI eka rUpa, koI eka gadha aura zIta-uSNamese eka tathA snigdha rUkSase eka, isa taraha do sparza hote hai| yadyapi paramANu nitya hai tathApi skandhoke TUTanese usakI utpatti hotI hai| arthAt aneka paramANuoMkA samUharUpa skandha jI vighaTita hotA hai to vighaTita hote hote usakA anta paramANu rUpIhotA hai, isa dRSTise paramANulokI bhI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| kintu dravyalpase to paramANu nitya hI hai| ___aneka paramANuoke vandhase jo dravya taiyAra hotA hai, use skandha kahate hai| do paramANuoke melase dvayaNuka banatA hai, tIna paramANuoke melase tryaNuka taiyAra hotA hai| isI taraha, sakhyAta, asakhyAta.' ananta paramANuoke melase saMkhyAta pradezI, asakhyAta pradezI aura ananta pradazI skandha taiyAra hote hai| hama jo kucha dekhate hai vaha sarna, skandha hI hai| dhUpame jo kaNa ur3ate hue dRSTigocara hote hai, ve bhI skandha hI hai| __ 'yahA~ yaha batalA denA anucita na hogA ki Adhunika rasAyana zAstra (Chemistry) me jo 'aToma' mAne gaye hai ve jaina paramANuka, samakakSa nahI hai / yadyapi 'aToma' kA matalava Arambhame yahI liyA gayA thA ki jise vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tathApi ada 1. Cosmology old and new, By pro.G. R. Jaun |

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jainadharma yaha pramANita ho gayA hai ki 'aToma' proTona sTrona aura elekTronakA eka piNDa hai| paramANu to vaha mUla kaNa hai jo dUsaro melake binA tvayaM kAyama rahatA hai / pudgala dravyakI aneka paryAyeM hotI hai / vayA t ; pajjAyA ||16||' una0 1 'zabda, bandha, nUkSmatA, sthUlatA, AkAra, gaNDa, jannavAra, chAyA, cA~danI bora dhUpa ve nava pudgala dravyako paryAyeM hai / { anya dArzaniko zavdako guNa mAnA hai, kintu jaina 'dArzanika use pudga dravyako paryAya mAnate haiN| ve likhate haiM 'sahI samaya sapora 'sahI vo sumo pUlImAyA ujjodAdavasahiyA t - 1 punu tenu jAyadi nahoupapanI pi // 31 // paJcAsti / 'zabda skanvate utpanna hotA hai / janeka paramANuoke bandha'vizeSako skandha kahate hai / una skandhoke parasparameM TakarAnene mandoMko - utpatti hotI hai / ' jainokA kahanA hai ki yadi zabda AphAnakA guNa hotA to mUrtika karNendriyake dvArA usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA thA, kyoMki mUrtika anant guNa bhI mUrti hI hogaa| aura amUrtikako mUrtika indriya nahI jAna sakatI / tathA zabda TakarAtA bhI hai, kue~ bagairaha nAvAja karanese prativvani sunAI par3atI hai| zabda rokA bhI jAtA hai, grAmophonaka rikArDa, TelIphona Adi isake udAharaNa hai / manda gatimAna bhI hai / Adhunika vijJAna bhI zabda meM gati mAnatA hai / tathA skUlameM lar3akoM'ko prayoga dvArA batalAyA jAtA hai ki zabda aise AkAzamai gamana nahI kara sakatA jahA~ kisI bhI prakArakA 'maiTara' na ho| nataH vijJAnase 'bhI zabda nAkAzakA guNa siddha nahI hotaa| jata. navya mUrtika hai / bandhakA matalaba kevala do vastuokA parasparame mila jAnA mAtra nahI hai / kintu bandha usa sambandha vizeSako kahate haiM, jisameM do cIje

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siddhAnta apanI asalI hAlatako choDakara eka tIsarI hAlata ho jAtI hai / udAharaNa ke liye AksIjana aura hAiDrojana nAmaka do havAeM hai / / ye donoM jaba parasparameM milatI hai to pAnIrUpa ho jAtI hai / isI taraha kapUra, pIparameNTa aura sata ajavAyana parasparameM milakara eka drava auSadhIkA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete hai / yaha bandha hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to jisa taraha vastrame raMga-biraMge dhAgokA sayoga honepara bhI saba dhAge alaga alaga hI rahate haiM, ekakA dUsarepara koI prabhAva dRSTigocara nahI hotA, usI taraha yadi paramANuoMkA bhI kevala sayogamAtra hI mAnA jAye aura vanghavizeSa na mAnA jAye to unake saMyogase sthira sthUla vastukI utpatti nahI ho sakatI, kyoMki bandhame jo rasAyanika sammizraNa hotA hai, kevala saMyogameM vaha saMbhava nahI hai / aura rasAyanika maNake binA tara utpanna nahI ho sakatA / isIliye jaina dazanameM vanvake svarUpakA vizleSaNa bar3I bArIkI se kiyA gayA hai / - usame batalAyA hai ki snigdha aura rUkSa guNake nimittase hI paramANuoM kaa| vandha hotA hai / paramANume anya bhI aneka guNa hai, kintu vandha karAneme ' kAraNa kevala do hI guNa hai- snigdhatA - cikkaNatA aura rUkSatA-rUkhApanA | snigdha guNavAle paramANuokA bhI bandha hotA hai, rUkSaguNavAle' paramANuoMkA bhI bandha hotA hai aura snigdha rUkSaguNavAle paramANuokA bhI vandha hotA hai / kintu jaghanya guNavAlokA vangha nahI hotA aura na samAna guNavAloM kA hI bandha hotA hai, kyoki isa prakArake guNavAle paramANu yadyapi parasparameM mila sakate hai kintu skandhako utpanna nahI kara sakate / mata. do adhika guNavAlokA hI parasparase vandha ho sakatA hai; kyoMki adhika guNavAlA paramANu apanese do kama guNavAle paramANuse milakara eka tIsarI avasthA dhAraNa karatA hai, isIkA nAma vanva hai / yadi dose adhika yA dose kama guNavAlokA bhI bandha mAna liyA jAya to adhika viSamatA ho jAneke kAraNa adhika guNavAlA kama guNavAloko apane meM milA legA, kintu kama guNavAlA adhika guNavAle - 1 1 a 61

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jainadharma para apanA utanA prabhAva nahI DAla sakegA jitanA rasAyanika sammizraNake liye Avazyaka hai| ata do adhika guNavAlokA hI bandha hotA hai, aura bandhase skandhokI utpatti hotI hai| isa prakArakA vandha pudgala dravyame hI samava hai ata. bandha bhI pudgalakI paryAya hai| isI taraha moTApana, dubalApana, gola, tikona, caukora Adi AkAra aura TUTa-phUTa bhI mUrtikadravyame hI sabhava hai| mata. ve bhI pudgalakI paryAya hai / jainadRSTise andhakAra bhI vastu hai, kyoki vaha dikhAI detA hai aura usame taratamabhAva pAyA jAtA hai| jaise, gADhA andhakAra, halakA andhakAra Adi / dUsare dArzanika andhakArako kevala prakAzakA abhAva hI mAnate hai, kintu jainadArzanika use kevala abhAvamAtra na mAnakara prakAzakI hI taraha eka bhAvAtmaka cIja mAnate hai| aura jaise sUrya, cA~da vagairahakA prakAza, jo dhUpa aura cA~danIka nAmase pukArA jAtA hai, pudgalakI paryAya hai vaise hI andhakAra 'bhI pudgalako paryAya hai| chAyA bhI pudgalakI paryAya hai, kyoki kisI mUrtimAn vastuke dvArA prakAzake ruka jAnepara chAyA par3atI hai| . isa prakAra indriyoke dvArA hama jo kucha dekhate hai, sUMghate hai, chUte hai, cakhate hai aura sunate hai vaha saba pudgala dravyako hI paryAya hai / 2. dharmadravya aura 3. adharmadravya / / dharmadravya aura adharmadravyase matalava puNya' aura pApase nahIM hai, kintu ye dono bhI jIva aura pudgalakI hI taraha do svatantra dravya hai jo jIva aura pudgaloke calane aura Thaharaneme sahAyaka hote hai / cha dravyomese dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya to niSkriya ha, iname halana-calana nahIM hotA, zeSa jIva aura pudgala ye do dravya ' sakriya hai| ina donoM dravyoko jo calaneme sahAyatA karatA hai vaha dharmadravya hai aura jo Thaharaneme sahAyatA karatA hai vaha adharmadravya hai / yadyapi calane aura ThaharanekI zakti to jIva pudgalameM hai hI, kintu

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siddhAnta bAhya sahAyatAke vinA usa zaktikI vyakti nahI ho sktii| jaise, pariNamana karanekI zakti to saMsArakI pratyeka vastume maujUda hai, kintu kAladravya usame sahAyaka hai usakI sahAyatAke vinA koI vastu pariNamana nahI kara sktii| isI taraha dharma aura adharmakI' sahAyatAke binA na kisImeM gati ho sakatI hai aura na kisIkI sthiti ho sakatI hai| ye do dravya aise hai, jinhe janoMke sivA anya kisI bhI dharmane nahIM maanaa| dono dravya AkAzakI taraha hI amUrtika hai aura samasta lokavyApI hai / jaisA ki kahA hai dhammatyikAyamarasa avaNNagadha ashmpphaas| logogADhaM puTha pihulamasakhAdiyapadesa ||53||'-pcaasti| 'dharmadravyame na rasa hai, na rUpa hai, na gaMdha hai, na sparza hai, aura na vaha zabdarUpa hI hai / tathA samastalokame vyApta hai, akhaDita hai aura asaMkhyAta pradezI hai|' 'udayaM jaha macchANaM gamaNANuggahayaraM havadi loe| taha jIvapuggalANaM ghamaM davaM viyANehi ||8||-pcaasti / 'jaise isa lokame jala machaliyoke calaneme sahAyaka hai vaise hI varmadravya jIva aura pudgaloko calaneme sahAyaka hai|' 'jaha havadi dhammadavvaM taha ta jANeha dabbamadhammakkha / ThidikiriyAjuttANaM kAraNabhUda tu puDhavIva ||66||'pcaasti0 / "jaisA dharmadravya hai vaisA hI adharmadravya hai / adharmadravya Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgaloko pRthvIko taraha Thaharane meM sahAyaka hai|' sahAyaka honepara bhI dharma aura adharma dravya preraka kAraNa nahIM hai, arthAt kisIko balAt nahI calAte hai aura na valAt ThaharAte haiN| kintu calate hueko calane meM aura Thaharate hueko Thaharaneme madada karate haiN| ____ yadi unhe gati aura sthitime mukhya kAraNa mAna liyA jAye to jo cale rahe haiM ve calate hI rahege aura jo Thahare hai ve Thahare hI rhege| kintu jo calate hai ve hI Thaharate bhI hai| ata. jIva aura pudgala svayaM

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4 jainadharma hI calate hai aura svayaM hI Thaharate hai, dharma aura adharmaM kevala usameM sahAyakamAtra hai / ' 4. AkAzadravya jo sabhI dravyoko sthAna detA hai use AkAzadravya kahate hai / yaha dravya amUrtika aura sarvavyApI hai| ise anya dArzanika bhI mAnate - hai / kintu jainokI mAnyatAme unase kucha antara hai / jainadarzana meM AkAzake do bheda mAne gaye hai-- eka lokAkAza aura dUsarA alokAkAza / sarvavyApI AkAzake madhyame lokAkAza hai aura usake cAro aura sarvavyApI alokAkAza hai / lokAkAzame chaho dravya pAye jAte hai aura alokAkAzameM kevala AkAzadravya hI pAyA jAtA hai / jaisA ki likhA hai : 4 'jIvA pusgalakAyA dhammAghammA ya logadoNaNNA / tatto aNaNNamaNNa AyAsa atavadirita // 61 // pacAsti 0 + 'jIva, pudgala, dharma aura adharmadravya lokase bAhara nahI hai / aura 1 pro0 ghAsIrAma jainane apanI 'kAsamolAjI bolDa eNDa nyU nAmakI pustakameM dharmadravyakI tulanA Adhunika vijJAnake Ithara nAmaka tasvase aura adharmaM dravyakI tulanA sara Aijaka nyUTanake AkarSaNa siddhAntase kI hai / kyoki vaijJAnikone 'Iyara' ko amUrtika, vyApaka, niSkriya aura adRzya mAnane ke sAtha 'gatikA Avazyaka mAdhyama bhI mAnA hai, jainone dharmadravyako bhI aisA hI mAnA hai / adharmadravya aura vijJAna ke AkarSaNa siddhAntakI tulanA karate hue prophesara jainane likhA he -- 'yaha jainadharmake adharmadravya viSayaka siddhAntakI sabase baDI vijaya hai ki vizvakI sthiratAke liye vijJAnane adRzya AkarSaNazaktikI sattAko svayasiddha pramANake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA aura prasiddha vaijJAnika AisTonane usameM sudhAra karake use kriyAtmakarUpa diyA / aba AkarSaNa siddhAntako sahAyaka kAraNake rUpameM mAnA jAtA hai, mUla kartAke rUpameM nahI, isaliye aba vaha jainadharmaviSayaka adharmadravyako mAnyatAke vilkula anurUpa baiThatA hai / ' pe-44 |

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siddhAnta AkAza usa lokake andara bhI hai aura bAhara bhI hai, kyoki usakA anta nahIM hai|' sArAMza yaha hai ki AkAza sarvavyApI hai| usa AkAzake bIcameM lokAkAzaha, jo akRtrima hai-kisIkA banAyA huA nahIM hai| na usakA Adi hai aura na anta hI hai| kaTike donoM bhAgoMpara dono hAtha rakhakara aura donoM pairoko phailAkara khar3e hue puruSake samAna lokakA AkAra hai| nIceke bhAgame sAta naraka hai| nAbhi dezame manuSyaloka hai aura Uparake bhAgame svargaloka hai| tathA mastaka pradezame mokSasthAna hai| cUMki jIva zarIraparimANavAlA aura svabhAvase hI Uparako jAnevAlA hai ata karmavandhanase mukta hote hI vaha zarIramese nikalakara Upara calA jAtA hai aura jAkara mokSasthAname Thahara jAtA hai| usase Age vaha jA nahIM sakatA, kyoki gamaname sahAyaka dharmadravya vahItaka pAyA, jAtA hai, usase Age nahI pAyA jAtA / aura usakI sahAyatAke vinA vaha Age jA nahIM sktaa| isIliye jaba kucha dArzanikone jainose yaha prazna kiyA ki dharma aura adharma dravyako AvazyakatA hI kyaa| hai, AkAza unakA bhI kArya kara legA to unhoMne unheM uttara diyA 'AgAsaM avagAsaM gamaNadvidikAraNehi dedi jdi| uDDhe gadippadhANA siddhA ciTThati kidha tatya // 9 // ' -pacAsti / 'yadi AkAza avagAhake sAtha-sAtha gamana aura sthitikA bhI kAraNa ho jAyegA to Urdhvagamana karanevAle mukta jIva mokSasthAname kase Thahara skege| .. isa para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki muktajIva Uparalokake agrabhAga meM yadi nahIM Thahara sakege to na tthhre| mAtra unheM ThaharAneke liye hI to do dravya nahI mAne jA sakate ? isakA uttara dete hue AcArya kundakunda kahate hai 'jamhA uvarimANa siddhANa jiNavarehi pnnnntt| tamhA gamaNaTThANa AyAse jANa Natyitti // 3 // ' -pacAsti / /

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janadharma / 'yata bhagavAna jinendrane mukta jIvokA sthAna apara lokake agrabhAgame batalAyA hai, ata AkAza gati aura sthitikA nimitta nahIM hai|' tathA'jadi havadi gamaNahaMdU AgAAsa ThANakAraNa tesi| pasadi alogahANI logassa ataparivuDDhI ||6||-pcaastiH / 'yadi AkAza jIva aura pudgaloka gamana aura sthitima bhI kAraNa hotA hai to aisA mAnanese lokakI antima maryAdA vaDhatI hai aura alokAkAzakI hAni prApta hotI hai, kyoki phira to jIva aura pudgala gati karate hue Age bar3hate jaayge| aura jyo-jyo ve Age baDhate jAyage tyoM-tyo loka baDhatA jAyegA aura aloka ghaTatA jaayegaa|' __isapara bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki lokakI vRddhi aura alokakI hAni yadi hotI hai to hoo, to usapara puna. AcArya kahate hai'tamhA dhammAdhammA gamaNadidikAraNANi nnaakaasN| idi' jiNavarehi bhaNida logasahAva suNatANa |Mer' -pacAsti / 'jinavara bhagavAnane zrotAjanoko lokakA svabhAva aisA hI batalAyA hai| ata. dharma aura adharmadravya hI gati aura sthitike kAraNa I, AkAza nhiiN|' ___ Azaya yaha hai ki eka hI AkAzake do vibhAga kAyama rakhanemeM pradhAna kAraNa dharma aura adharmadravya hai / ina dono dravyoMkI vajahase hI jIva aura pudgala lokAkAzakI maryAdAse bAhara nahIM jA sakate / janetara dArzanikone AkAza dravyako mAnakara bhI na to lokakA koI bAsa AkAra mAnA aura na AtmAko sakriya aura zarIra parimANavAlA hI maanaa| isaliye usakA niyamana karane ke liye unheM dharma aura adharma nAmake dravya mAnanekI AvazyakatA bhI pratIta nahI huii| kintu jainadharmameM vaisI vyavasthA honese AkAzase jude, kintu usake samakakSa do dravya aura mAne gaye / isa taraha dharma aura adharmadravyake nimittase eka hI bhAkAza akhaNDa hokara bhI do rUpa ho gayA hai| jitane AkAzameM saba

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siddhAnta 6 dravya pAye jAte haiM utane AkAzako lokAkAza kahate hai aura usase atirikta jo zuddha akelA mAkAza hai use alokAkAza kahate hai| ___ yahA yaha batalA denA anucita na hogA ki jaba jainadharma lokAkAzako sAnta mAnatA hai aura usake nAge ananta AkAza mAnatA hai, taba prasiddha vaijJAnika AisTIna samastalokako sAnta mAnate hai kintu usake Age kucha nahIM mAnate, kyoki pro0 eDiMgaTanakA kahanA hai ki padArthavijJAnakA vidyArthI kabhI bhI AkAzako zUnyavat nahI mAna sktaa| 5 kAladravya jo vastumAnake parivartana karAname sahAyaka hai use kAladravya kahate hai / yadyapi pariNamana karanekI zakti sabhI padArthomeM hai, kintu vAhaya nimittake vinA usa zaktikI vyakti nahI ho sktii| jaise kumhArake cAkameM ghUmanekI zakti maujUda hai, kintu kIlakA sAhAyya pAye vinA vaha dhUma nahI sakatA, vaise hI sasArake padArtha bhI kAladravyakA sAhAyya pAye vinA parivartana nahIM kara sakate / ata. kAladravya unake parivartanameM sahAyaka hai| kintu vaha bhI vastuoMkA valAt pariNamana nahI karAtA hai aura na eka dravyakA dUsare dravyarUpa pariNamana karAtA hai, kintu svayaM pariNamana karate hue dravyoMkA sahAyakamAtra ho jAtA hai| , kAla do prakArakA hai-eka nizcayakAla aura dUsarA vyavahArakAla / lokAkAzake pratyeka pradezapara jude-jude kAlANu-kAlake aNu sthita haiM, una kAlANugoMko nizcayakAla kahate hai| arthAt kAladravya nAmakI vastu ve kAlANu hI hai| una kAlANuoMke nimittase hI saMsArameM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai| unhIke nimittase pratyeka vastukA mastitva kAyama hai| AkAzake eka pradezameM sthita pudgalakA eka paramANu mandagatise jitanI derame usa pradezase lage hue dUsare pradezapara pahuMcatA hai use samaya kahate hai| yaha samaya kAladravyakI paryAya hai| 1 Cosmology Old and New, P. 571

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janadhama samayoMke samUhako hI AvalI, uvAsa. prANa, topha, ghaTikA, dina rAta Adi kahA jAtA hai| yaha saba vyavhArakAla hai| yaha bavahArakAla sora maNDalakI gati aura ghar3I vagairahake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai tayA isake dvArA hI nizcayakAla arthAt kAladravya ke astitvakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai; kyoki jaise kisI baccemeM gerakA vyavahAra karanese ki yaha vacA zera hai' meranAmake pake honekA nizcaya niyA jAtA hai, vaise hI sUrya AdikI gatirne jo kAlakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha aupacArika hai, ataH kAla nAmakA koI svataMtra dravya honA bArazyaka hai jisakA upacAra lokika vyavahArame kiyA jAtA hai| kAladravyako anya dArzanikone bhI mAnA hai, kintu unhone vyavahArakAlako hI kAladravya mAna liyA hai / kAladravya nAmakI agulya vastuko kevala janone hI svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha kAlavya bhI 'AkAzakI taraha hI amUrtika hai| kevala itanA antara hai ki AkAza eka akhaNDa hai, kintu kAladravya aneka hai, jaisA ki likhA hai loyApAsapadece ekkarake je diyA hu eklekaa| rapaNANa rAtimiva te kAlANu basaladavANi / / savArya0 pR0 161 'lokAkAzake eka eka pradezapara ratlokI rAzikI taraha jo eka eka karake sthita hai, ve kAlANu hai aura ve asalyAta dravya hai| arthAt pratyeka kAlANu eka eka dravya hai jaise ki pudgalakA pratyeka paramANu eka eka dravya hai|' pravacanasAra Adi granthoMmeM ina kAlANuoMke sambandhameM aneka yuktiyoke dvArA acchA prakAga DAlA gayA hai jo manana karane yogya hai| isa prakAra janadarzana dravya mAne gaye hai| kAlako choDakara zeSa dravyoko paJcAstikAya kahate hai| 'mastikAya' meM do pada mila hue haiM eka 'asti aura dUsarA 'kAya' / 'asti mAndA upa hai hotAha jo ki astitva sUcaka hai aura kAyazabdakA japaM hogAI 'zarIra / arthAta jase zarIra vahadegI hotA hai vaise hI mana

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siddhAnta zeSa pA~ca dravya bhI bahupradezI hai / isaliye unheM astikAya kahate hai kintu kAladravya astikAya nahI hai, kyoki usake kAlANu asata honepara bhI parasparameM sadA avaddha rahate hai, na to ve AkAzavaM pradeza kI taraha sadAse mile hue eka aura akhaNDa hai aura na pudgalTa paramANuoM kI taraha kabhI milate aura kabhI bichuDate hI hai / isalie ve 'ka' hI kahe jAte / f 1 pradezake sambandhame bhI kucha moTI bAte jAna lenI caahiye| jitana dezako eka pudgala paramANu rokatA hai utane dezako pradeza kahate hai lokAkAzame yadi kramavAra eka eka karake paramANuoko barAvara barAvara saTAkara rakhA jAye to asakhyAta paramANu samA sakate hai, ata lokAkAza aura usameM vyApta dharma aura adharma dravya asaMkhyAta pradeza' kahe jAte hai / isI taraha zarIraparimANa jIvadravya bhI yadi zarIrasta bAhara hokara phaile to lokAkAzame vyApta ho sakatA hai ata. jIvadravyaM bhI asaMkhyAtapradezI hai / pudgalakA paramANu to eka hI pradezI ha kintu una paramANuoke samUhase jo skandha bana jAte haiM ve sakhyAta asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradezI hote hai / ata. pudgala dravya bhI bahupradeza hai / isa taraha bahupradezI honese pA~ca dravyoko paJcAstikAeM kahate hai / 6. yaha vizva aura usakI vyavasthA yaha vizva, jo hamArI AMkhoke sAmane hai aura jisame hama nivAsa karate hai, inhI dravyoM banA huA hai / 'banA huA " se matalaba yaha nahI lenA cAhiye ki kisIne amuka samayame isa vizvakI racanA kI hai / yaha vizva to anAdi-anidhana hai, na isakI Adi hI hai aura na anta hI hai, na kabhI kisI ne ise banAyA hai aura na kabhI isakA anta hI hotA hai / anAdikAla se yaha aisA hI calA A rahA hai aura anantakAla taka aisA hI calA jaayegaa| rahA parivartana, so vaha to pratyeka vastukA svabhAva hai / sarvathA nitya to koI vastu hai hI nhiiN| ho bhI nahI sakatI.

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janadharma yoki vastuko sarvathA nitya mAnanepara vizvame jo vaicitrya dikhAI tA hai vaha sabhava nahI ho sakatA / ata parivartanazIla sasArakI golika sthitime koI parivartana na hote hue vizvakI vyavasthA sadA jArI rahatI hai| . kintu kucha dArzaniko aura janasAdhAraNakI bhI aisI dhAraNA ki isa vizvakA koI eka racayitA avazya honA cAhiye, jisakI prAjJAse vizvakI vyavasthA sadA niyamita rItise jArI rahatI hai| dRSTiracanAke sambandhame yo to aneka mAnyatAeM pracalita hai kintu moTekhpasa unheM tIna bhAgome rakhA jA sakatA hai| eka vibhAgavAle to yaha mAnate haiM ki eka paramezvara yA brahma hI anAdi ananta hai| jo eka brahmako hI anAdi ananta mAnate hai unakA kahanA hai ki brahmake sivAya anya kucha hai hI nhiiN| yaha jo kucha bhI sRSTi dikhAI de rahI hai vaha svapnake samAna eka prakArakA bhrama hai| jo paramezvarako hI anAdi ananta mAnate hai unakA kahanA hai ki yaha sRSTi zramamAtra to nahIM hai| kentu ise paramezvarale hI nAstise astilpa kiyA hai| pahale to eka paramezvarake sivAya kucha thA hI nahI / pIche usane kisI samayameM avastuse hI ye sava vastueM banA dI hai| java vaha cAhegA taba phira vaha inheM nAstirUpa kara degA aura taba sivAya usa eka paramezvarake anya kucha bhI na rhegaa| dUsare vibhAgavAle kahate hai avastuse koI vastu bana nahIM sakatI, vastuse hI vastu banA karatI hai| sasArame jIva aura ajIva do prakArakI vastueM dikhAI detI hai, ve kisIke dvArA banAI nahI gaI hai| jisa prakAra paramezvara sadAse hai usI prakAra jIva aura ajIvarUpa vastueM bhI sadAse hai, sadA rhegii| parantu ina vastuokA aneka avasthAokA banAnA aura bigADanA usa paramezvarake hI hAthama hai| tIsare vibhAgavAlokA kahanA hai ki jIva aura ajIva ye dAnA hI prakArakI vastue~ anAdise hai aura anantakAla taka rheNgii| inakA avasthAmoko badalanevAlA aura isa vizvakA niyAmaka koI tIsarA

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siddhAnta nahI hai| inhI vastuoke parasparake sambandhase inhIke guNo aura svabhAvoke dvArA sava parivartana svayameva hotA hai| ina prakAra ina tIno matome yadyapi vahuta antara hai to bhI eka vAta meM ye tIno hI sahamata hai| tInone hI kisI na kisI vastuko anAdi avazya mAnA hai| pahalA brahma yA Izvarako anAdi mAnatA hai| vahIM ina vizvako vanAtA aura vigAr3atA hai| dUsarA paramezvarake hI samAra jIvanaaura ajIvako bhI anAdi mAnatA hai| tIsarAjIva aura ajIvakara hI anAdi mAnatA hai| ata ina tInome yaha vivAda to uTha hI naha sakatA ki vinA banAye sadAse bhI koI vastu ho sakatI hai yA nahI naura java yaha mAna liyA gayA ki vinA vanAye sadAse bhI koI yA kucha vastueM ho sakatI hai to yaha bAta bhI sabhI svIkAra kareMge ki vastu koI na koI guNa yA svabhAva bhI avazya hotA hai, kyoki vinA kisaha guNa yA svabhAvake koI vastu ho hI nahIM sktii| aura jaise vaha vastI anAdi hai vase hI usakA guNa yA svabhAva bhI anAdi hai| sArAza yaha hai ki do bAtome saMsArake sabhI matavAle ekamata hai ki saMsArameM ko vastu vinA vanAye anAdi bhI huA karatI hai aura vinA banAye usava guNa aura svabhAva bhI anAdi hote hai| ava kevala yaha nizcaya karanA hai ki kauna vastu vinA banI huI anAdi hai aura kauna vastu sAdi hai ? jaba hama saMsArakI ora dRSTi dete hai to saMsArameM to hameM koI bhA.. vastu aisI nahIM milatI jo vinA kisI vastuke hI vana gaI ho aura na koI aisI vastu dikhAI detI hai jo kisI samaya ekadama nAstirUpI ho jAtI ho| yahA~ to vastuse hI vastu vanatI dekhI jAtI hai| sArA yaha hai ki na to koI sarvathA navIna vastu paidA hotI hai aura na koI vastu sarvayA naSTa hI hotI hai| kintu jo vastue~ pahalese calI AtI hai unhIkA rUpa badala-badalakara navIna-navIna vastueM dikhAI detI rahatI hai / jaise, sonese aneka prakArake AbhUpaNa banAye jAte hai| soneke vinA ye AbhUpaNa nahIM bana skte| phira unhI AbhUSaNokI, - - -

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janadharma hotI rahatI hai| nahI hotI aura nAdAsa calI AtI Dakara dUsare prakArake AbhUSaNa banAye jAte hai| sonA unameM bhI hatA hai| isI prakAra miTTI, jala, vAyu aura dhUpakA saMyoga pAkara ji hI vRkSarUpa pariNata hotA hai| vRkSako jalA denepara usake koyale jAte hai aura koyale jalakara rAkha ho jAte hai| isase yahI siddha tA hai ki vastuse hI vastukI utpatti hotI hai| tathA jagatameM eka hI paramANu na to kama hotA hai aura na bar3hatA hai| sadA jitaneke titane rahate haiN| hAM, unakI avasthAe~ vadala-badalakara naI naI vastumokI STi hotI rahatI hai| ata yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki saMsArame koI stu astise nAstirUpa nahIM hotI aura nAstise astirUpa nahIM hotii| kantu hareka vastu kisI na kisI rUpameM sadAse calI AtI hai aura Age bhI kisI na kisI rUpameM sadA vidyamAna rhegii| arthAt saMsArakI tIva va ajIvarUpa sabhI vastue~ anAdi ananta hai aura unake aneka vInarUpa hote rahanese hI yaha saMsAra cala rahA hai| } isa prakAra jIva va ajIvarUpa tabhI vastulokI nityatA siddha ho nepara ava kevala eka bAta nirNaya karaneke yogya raha jAtI hai ki sArake ye sava padArtha kisa tarahase navIna-navIna rUpa dhAraNa karate / isa vAtakA nirNaya karaneke liye java hama saMsArakI ora dRSTi hAlate hai to hame mAlUma hotA hai ki manuSya manuSyase hI paidA hotA hai| sI taraha pazu-pakSI bhI apane mA~ vApase hI paidA hote dekhe jAte hai| banA mAM-bApake unakI utpatti nahI dekhI jaatii| gehU~, canA Adi anAja sthA Ama, amarUda Adi vanaspatiyAM bhI apane apane vIja,jar3a yA zAkhA gairahase hI utpanna hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai| aura jaise ye Aja utpanna hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai vaise hI pahale bhI utpanna hotI hoNgii| isa raha ina saba vastuoMkI utpatti anAdi mAnanepara isa dharatIko bhI hanAdi mAnanA hI par3atA hai| / jisa prakAra vastueM anAdi ananta hai usI prakAra unake guNa aura vabhAva bhI anAdi ananta hai| jaise, anikA svabhAva uSNa hai /

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siddhAnta 103 1 1 yaha usakA svabhAva anAdise hI hai aura ananta kAlataka rahegA / isI prakAra anya vastuoke sambandha me bhI samajha lenA cAhiye / yadi vastuoM ke guNa aura svabhAva sadA badalate rahate to manuSyako kisI vastuko chane yA usake pAsa jAne takakA sAhasa bhI na hotA / use sadA bhaya rahatA ki na jAne Aja isakA kyA svabhAva ho gayA hai parantu unake guNa aura svabhAva ke viSayame vaha sadA nirbhaya rahatA hai kyoki vaha unake svabhAvake viSayame apane aura apanese pUrvavarta sajjano ke anubhavapara pUrA bharosA karatA hai / ata yaha siddha hotA ha ki vastuokI hI taraha unake guNa aura svabhAva bhI anAdi ananta hai / ie isI prakAra sasArakI vastuokI jA~ca karanepara yaha bhI mAlUmara hotA hai ki do yA tIna vastuoko milAnese jo vastue~ Aja bana sakatI hai ' hai ve pahale bhI bana sakatI thii| jaise nIlA aura pIlA raMga milAnese Aja harA raMga bana jAtA hai, yaha raMga pahale bhI bana sakatA thA aura Ageha bhI banatA rhegaa| aise hI kisI eka vastuke prabhAvase jo parivartana dUsarI vastu ho jAtA hai vaha pahale bhI hotA thA yA ho sakatA thA aura Age bhI hotA rahegA / jaise, AgakI garmI se jo bhApa mAja banatI hai vahI pahale bhI banatI thI aura Ageko bhI banatI rahegI / jalAnase ja Aja lakar3I, Aga, koyalA rAkharUpa ho jAtI hai vaise hI ve pahale bhI hotI thI aura Age bhI hogii| sArAMza yaha hai ki anya vastusosa prabhA vita hone tathA anya vastumoko prabhAvita karaneke guNa aura svabhAvata bhI vastuoM anAdi hai / isa prakAra vicAra karanepara jaba yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai ki vRkSara bIja aura bIjase vRkSakI utpattike samAna yA murgIse aNDA aura aNDe murgI kI utpattike samAna saMsArake sabhI manuSya, pazu, pakSI aura vanaspati santAna darasantAna anAdi kAlase cale Ate hai / kisI samayameM inaka Adi nahI ho sakatA aura ina sabake anAdi honese isa pRthvIkA bhI

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jainadharma anAdi honA jarUrI hai| sAtha hI vastuoke guNa svabhAva aura eka isarepara asara DAlane tathA eka dUsareke asarako grahaNa karanekI prakRti bhI anAdi kAlase hI calI AtI hai, taba jagatake prabandhakA sArA DhAMcA hI manuSyakI AMkhoke sAmane ho jAtA hai| use spaSTa pratIta hone lagatA hai ki saMsArameM jo kucha ho rahA hai vaha saba vastuoMke guNa aura svabhAvake hI kAraNa ho rahA hai / isake sivA na to koI IzvarIya zakti hI isameM koI kArya kara rahI hai aura na usakI koI jarUrata hI hai| jaise, java samudra ke pAnIpara sUrajakI dhUpa par3atI hai to usa dhUpameM jitanA tApa hotA hai usIke anusAra samudrakA pAnI bhAparUpa bana jAtA hai / aura jigharakI vA hotI hai uvarako hI bhApa banakara calA jAtA hai| phira jahA~ kahI mI use itanI ThaMDa mila jAtI hai ki vaha pAnIkA pAnI ho jAve vahI zAnI ho kara barasane lagatA hai| phira vaha barasA huA pAnI svabhAvase hI DhAlakI ora bahatA huA bahuta-sI cIjoMko apane sAtha letA huA balA jAtA hai| aura bahatA-vahatA nadiyoMke dvArA samudrame hI jA nahuMcatA hai| / dhUpa, havA, pAnI aura miTTI Adike ina uparyukta svabhAvosa duniyAmeM lAkhoM karoDoM parivartana ho jAte hai, jinase phira lAkhoM karoDo kAma hone laga jAte hai| anya bhI jina parivartanoMpara daSTi DAlate I unameM bhI vastu svabhAvako hI kAraNa pAte hai / java saMsArakI sArI astueM aura unake guNa svabhAva sadAse hai aura jaba saMsArakI sArI tastueM dUsarI vastuoMse prabhAvita hotI hai aura dUsarI vastuopara sapanA prabhAva DAlatI hai taba to yaha bAta jarUrI hai ki unameM sadAse dI AdAna-pradAna hotA rahatA hai aura usake kAraNa nAnA parivartana hote rahate hai| yahI saMsArakA cakra hai jo vastusvabhAvake dvArA apane lApa hI cala rahA hai| kintu avicArI manuSya usase, cakita hophara zramameM par3e hue hai| / vicAranekI vAta hai ki jaba samudrake pAnIkI hI bhApa vanakara

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siddhAnta 105 usakA hI vAdala banatA hai taba yadi vastu svabhAvake sivAya koI dUsarA hI varSAkA prabandha karanevAlA hotA to vaha kabhI bhI usa smudrpr| pAnI na barasAtA jisake pAnIko bhApase hI vaha bAdala banA thaa| parantu dekhaneme to yahI AtA hai ki bAdalako jahA~ bhI itanI ThaMDa .. jAtI hai ki bhApakA pAnI bana jAve vahI vaha barasa par3atA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha samudrapara bhI barasatA hai aura dharatIpara bhii| bAdalako to isa bAtakA jJAna hI nahIM ki use kahA~ varasanA cAhiye aura kahA~ nhii| isIse kabhI varSA samayapara hotI hai aura kabhI kusamayame / balkira kabhI kabhI to aisA hotA hai ki sArI phasala bhara acchI varSA hokara antame eka Adha varSAkI aisI kamI ho jAtI hai ki sArI karI karAI khetI mArI jAtI hai| yadi vastu svabhAvake sivAya koI dUsarA prabandha / kartA hotA to aisI andhAdhundhI kabhI bhI na hotii| isapara zAyada yaha , kahA jAye ki usakI to icchA hI yaha thI ki isa khetame anAja paidAH na ho yA kama paidA ho| parantu yadi yahI bAta hotI to vaha sArI phasala bhara acchI varSA karake usa khetIko itanI bar3I hI kyo hone detaa|| balki vaha to usa kisAnako bIja hI na vone detA / yadi kisAnapara usakA kAbU nahI cala sakatA thA to khetame par3e vIjako hI vaha na ugane detaa| yadi vIjapara bhI usakA kAbU na thA to bArizakI eka bUda, bhI usa khetameM na par3ane detaa| tayA yadi saMsArake usa pravandhakartAkI yahI icchA hotI ki isa varSa anAja hI paidA na ho yA kamatI paidA ho to vaha una khetoko hI na sukhAtA jo bArizake hI Upara nirbhara hai valki una khetoMko bhI jarUra sukhAtA jinameM naharase pAnI AtA hai| parantu dekhaneme yahI AtA hai ki jisa varSa varSA nahI hotI usa varSa, una kheto, to kucha bhI paidA nahIM hotA jo varSApara nirbhara hai, aura naharase pAnI AnevAle khetoMmeM usI varSa sava kucha paidA ho jAtA hai| isase siddha hai ki sasArakA koI eka pravanvakartA nahIM hai balki vastusvabhAvake kAraNa hI java varSA nimitta kAraNa juTa jAte hai taba pAnI varasa jAtA hai aura jaba ve kAraNa nahI juTate taba pAnI nahI varasatA / /

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1106 jainadharma varSAko isa vAtakA jJAna nahIM hai ki usake kAraNa koI khetI harI hogI yA sUkhegI aura sasArake jIvokA lAbha hogA yA haani| isIse aisI gaDabaDI ho jAtI hai ki jahA~ AvazyakatA hotI hai vahA~ eka vUda bhI pAnI nahIM par3atA aura jahAM AvazyakatA nahI hotI vahAM khUba varSA ho jAtI hai| kisI pravanvakartAka na honeke kAraNa hI manuSyane nahara nikAlakara aura kueM Adi khodakara yaha pravandha kiyA hai ki yadi varSA na ho to bhI apane khetoMko pAnI dekara vaha anAja paidA kara ske| isake sivAya java pratyeka dharmake anusAra sasArame isa samaya pApoMkI hI adhikatA ho rahI hai aura nitya hI bhArI bhArI anyAya dekhaneme Ate hai taba yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jagatakA koI 'pravandhakartA bhI hai, jisakI AjJAko na mAnakara hI ye saba aparAdha aura pApa ho rahe hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki rAjAkI bhI to AjJA bhaMga hotI rahatI hai| kintu rAjA na to sarvajJa hI hotA hai aura na sarvazaktimAn / isaliye na to use saba aparAdha karanevAlokA hI patA rahatA hai aura na vaha saba prakArake aparAdhoko dUra hI kara sakatA hai| parantu jo sarvaja aura sarvazaktimAna ho aura eka choTese paramANuse lekara AkAza takakI gati aura sthitikA kAraNa ho, jisakI icchAke vinA eka pattA taka bhI nahIM hila sakatA ho, usake samvandhame yaha vAta kabhI bhI nahI kahI jA sktii| eka ora to use saMsArake eka eka kaNakA pravandhakartA batAnA aura dUsarI ora aparAdhoMke rokane meM use asamartha ThaharAnA, yaha to usa prabandhakartAkA parihAsa hai| 1 tathA yadi koI isa sasArakA prabandhaka hotA to vaha yaha avazya vitalAtA ki isa samaya hameM jo sukha yA dukha mila rahA hai vaha hamAre kaunase kRtyoMkA phala hai jisase hama AgAmIko bure kRtyoMse bacata aura acche kAmoMkI ora lgte| parantu hame to yaha bhI mAlUma nahIM ki puNya kyA hai aura pApa kyA hai? eka hI kRtyako koI pApa kahatA hai aura koI puNya / yahI vajaha hai ki saMsArameM saikar3oM prakArake mata phalaM

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107 siddhAnta hue haiM aura tamAzA yaha hai ki saba hI apane apane matako usI sarva zaktimAn paramAtmAkA batalAyA huA kahate hai| jahA~ taka hama samajhate hai aisA andherato mAmUlI rAjAoMke rAjyame bhI nahIM hotaa| pratyeka rAjAke rAjyame jo kAnUna pracalita hotA hai, yadi koI manuSya' usake viparIta niyama calAnA cAhatA hai yA usake viruddha pracAra karatA hai to vaha daNDa pAtA hai| kintu sarvazaktimAn paramAtmAke rAjyame saikar3o hI matoke pracAraka apane apane dharmakA upadeza karate haiapane apane siddhAntoMko usI eka paramezvarakI AjJA batAkara usake hI anusAra calanekI ghoSaNA karate hai| aura yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI sasArake prabandhakartA usa sarvazaktimAn paramezvarakI orase kucha bhI rokaToka isa viSayame nahIM hotii| aisI sthitime to kabhI bhI yaha nahI mAnA jA sakatA ki koI sarvazaktimAn paramezvara isa saMsArakA prabandha karatA hai| balki yahI mAnaneke liye vivaza honA par3atA hai ki vastu svabhAvapara hI saMsArakA sArA DhAMcA baMdhA huA hai aura usI. ke anusAra jagatakA saba pravandha calA AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yadi koI manuSya vastu svabhAvake viparIta AcaraNa karatA hai to ye saba vastue~ usako manA karane yA rokane nahIM jaatii| aura na apane svabhAvake anusAra kabhI apanA phala denese hI cUkatI hai| jaise, Agame cAhe to koI vAlaka nAdAnIse apanA hAtha DAla de yA kisI buddhimAna puruSakA hAtha bhUlase par3a jAve, vaha Aga apanA kAma avazya kregii| manuSyake zarIrame saikar3oM bImAriyAM aisI hotI hai jo usake ajJAta doSoMkA hI phala hotI hai| parantu prakRti yA vastu svabhAva use yaha nahIM batAte ki tere amuka doSake kAraNa tujhako yaha bImArI huI hai| isI taraha hamAre doSoMkA phala bhI hame vastu svabhAvake anusAra svayaM mila jAtA hai| isa prakAra vastu svabhAvake anusAra to yaha vAta ThIka baiTha jAtI hai ki sukha dukha bhogate samaya kyo hamako hamAre una kRtyoMkI khabara

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120 jainadharma hI hotI, jinake phalasvarUpa hameM vaha sukha duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai / rantu kisI pravandhakartA ke mAnanekI hAlatameM vaha bAta kabhI ThIka nahI ThatI, valki ulTA andhera hI dRSTigocara hone lagatA hai| yadi hama ha mAnate haiM ki jo baccA kisI cora, DAkU yA vezyA nAdi piyo ke ghara paidA kiyA gayA hai vaha apane bhale bure kRtyoMke phalasvarUpa aise sthAnameM paidA kiyA gayA hai to sarvazaktimAn dayAla paramezvarako vikartA mAnaneko avasthAmeM yaha bAta ThIka nahI baiThatI; kyoki rAvI zarAba pIkara aura usakA burA phala bhogakara bhI yadi zarAbakI kAnapara jAtA hai aura pahale se bhI teja zarAva mAMgatA hai to vastu bhAva ke anusAra to yaha bAta ThIka baiTha jAtI hai ki zarAvane usakA damAga aisA kharAba kara diyA hai jisase ava usako pahale se bhI jyAdA ja zarAba pInekI icchA hotI hai / parantu jagatake pravandhakartA ke dvArA phala milanekI avasthAme to zarAba pInekA aisA daDa milanA cAhiye jisase vaha garAvakI dukAnataka pahu~ca hI nahI sakatA yA phira kabhI usakA nAma hI nahI letaa| isI taraha vyabhicAra aura corI Adiko aisI sajA milanI cAhiye thI, jisase vaha kabhI bhI vyabhicAra corI karane nahI paataa| jo jIva coroM yA vezyAoMke ghara paidA keye jAte hai unheM aisI jagaha paidA karanA to corI aura vyabhicArakI zakSA dilAnekA hI prayatna karanA hai / sarvazaktimAn dayAlu paramezvarare to aisI AzA kabhI bhI nahI kI jA sktii| aisI bAteM dekhakara yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki saMsArakA koI bhI eka buddhimAn pravandhakartA nahI hai / valki vastu svabhAvake dvArA aura usIke anusAra hI jagatakA tava pravandha cala rahA hai / kheda hai ki manuSyone vastu svabhAvako na samajhakara sasArakA eka pravandhakartA mAna liyA hai| pRthvIpara rAjAko manuSyoke bIca meM prabandha sambandhI kArya karatA huA dekhakara sAre saMsArake prabandhakartAko bhI vaisA hI mAna liyA hai / jita prakAra rAjA loga khuzAmada aura stutise prasanna hokara khuzAmada karane

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siddhAnta 106 vAloMke vazameM ho jAte hai aura unakI icchAke anusAra hI kArya karane laga jAte hai usI prakAra duniyAke logone bhI saMsArake pravandhakartAko khuzAmada yA stutise prasanna honevAlA mAnakara usakI bhI khuzAmada karanA zurU kara diyA hai aura apane AcaraNoMko sudhAranA choDa baiThe hai| isI vajahase sasArame pApoMkI vRddhi hotI jAtI hai| jaba manuSya isa bhrAmaka vicArako hRdayase dUra karake vastu svabhAvake aTala siddhAntako mAnane laga jAyege, tabhI unake cittame yaha vicAra jaDa pakaDa sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra A~khome mirca aura dhAvapara namaka DAla denese dardakA honA Avazyaka hai vaha darda kisIkI khuzAmada yA stutise dUra nahI ho sakatA, jabataka ki mirca yA namakakA asara dUra na kara diyA jAye / usa hI prakAra jaisA hamArA AcaraNa hogA vaisA hI usakA phala bhI hame avazya bhoganA pddegaa| kisIkI khuzAmada yA stutise use TAlA nahIM jA sktaa| 'jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI' ke siddhAntapara pUrNa vizvAsa ho jAnepara hI yaha manuSya bure kRtyoMse baca sakatA hai aura bhale kRtyoMkI tarapha laga sakatA hai| parantu jaba taka manuSyako yaha khyAla banA rahegA ki khuzAmada karane, kevala stutiyA~ paDhane yA bheTa caDhAne Adike dvArA bhI mere aparAdha kSamA ho sakate hai tabataka vaha bure kAmose nahI baca sakatA aura na acche kAmoMkI tarapha laga sakatA hai| ata saMsArake logoMko cAhiye ki ve vastu svabhAvake aTala siddhAntapara vizvAsa lAve, apane apane bhale bure kRtyoMkA phala bhugataneke liye sadA taiyAra rahe aura kisIkI khuzAmada yA stuti karanese unakA phala Tala jAnA bilkula hI asaMbhava smjhe| aisA mAna lenepara hI manuSyoko apane Upara pUrA bharosA hogA, ve apane pairoMpara khaDe hokara apane AcaraNoMko ThIka banAnekA prayatna kareMge aura tabhI duniyAse saba pApa aura anyAya dUra ho skege| nahIM to, kisI pravandhakartAko mAnanekI avasthAme hRdayame aneka bhrama utpanna hote rahege aura duniyAke loga pApokI tarapha hI jhukate rhege| jaise, koI eka to yaha socegA ki yadi usa sarvazaktimAn paramezvarako mujhase pApa karAnA maMjUra nahIM hotA

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6.110 janadharma to vaha mere manameM pApa karanekA vicAra hI kyoM Ane detaa| dUsarA vicAregA ki yadi vaha mujhase isa prakArake pApa karAnA na cAhatA to vaha mujhe aisA vanAtA hI kyo? tIsarA kahegA ki yadi vaha pApoko na karAnA cAhatA to pApoMko paidA hI kyoM krtaa| cauthA socegA ki aba to yaha pApa kara le phira usa sarvazaktimAnakI khuzAmada karake use bheTa caDhAkara aparAdha kSamA karA lege| sArAMza yaha hai ki sasArakA pravandhakartA mAnanekI avasthAme to logoMko pApa karaneke liye saikar3o vahAne banAnekA avasara milatA hai, parantu vastu svabhAvake anusAra hI saMsArakA sava kArya calatA huA mAnanekI avasthAmeM isake sivAya koI vicAra hI nahIM uTha sakatA ki jaisA karege vaisA hI hama usakA phala bhI paavege| esA mAnanepara hI hama bure AcaraNoMse baca sakate hai 'aura acche AcaraNokI ora laga sakate hai| ata. kisI pravandhakartAko khuzAmada karake yA bheTa car3hAkara usako rAjI kara leneke bharose na rahakara 'hamako svayaM apane AcaraNoko sudhAranekI ora hI dRSTi rakhanI cAhiye aura yahI zraddhAna rakhanA cAhiye ki yaha vizva anAdi-nidhana hai isakA koI eka buddhimAna prabanyakartA nahI hai| , 7 janadRSTi se Izvara 'Izvara' zabdake sunate hI hame jina arthoMkAvodha hotAhai ve hai-aizvaryazAlI,vaibhavazAlI, sarvazaktimAna,svAmI, adhikArI,kartA hrtaamaadi| isa lokameM jo darjA eka svataMtra samrATakA hai vahI paralokame Izvara yA paramezvarakA mAnA jAtA hai| jaise kisI rAjavazame janma lenevAloko sammATpada anAyAsa prApta ho jAtA hai, usake liye unhe kucha bhI prayala nahIM karanA par3atA, vaise hI vaha Izvara bhI anAdikAlase saMsAraka kAraNa kleza, karma, karmaphala aura vAsanAmose sarvathA achUtA hai, unakA 'vinAza kara denese use Izvaratvapada prApta nahI huA hai, kintu sadAsa 'hI unasa vaha sarvathA rahita hai| isIliye vaha sabase bar3A hai, sabakA guru hai, sabakA jJAtA hai| jo saMsArI jIva kleza karma Adiko naSTa

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siddhAnta 111 I karake mukta hote haiM, ve kabhI bhI usake barAbara nahI ho skte| usakA aizvarya avinAzI hai, kyoki kAlake dvArA usakA kabhI nAza nahI hotA / aise anAdi ananta puruSavizeSako Izvara kahA jAtA hai / kintu jainadharmame isa prakArake Izvarake liye koI sthAna nahI hai / usakA kahanA hai 'nAtsRSTa' karmabhiH zakhad vizvadRzvAsti kazcana / tasyAnupAyasiddhasya sarvathA'nupapattita // 8 // Aptapa0 / 'koI sarvadraSTA sadAse karmose achUtA ho nahI sakatA, kyoki binA upAyake usakA siddha honA kisI bhI taraha nahI banatA / ' asalame Izvarako anAdi mAnaneke kAraNa use sadA karmose achUtA mAnA gayA hai aura cUMki vaha sRSTikA racayitA hai isaliye use anAdi mAnA gayA hai / kintu jainadharma kisIko isa vizvakA racayitA nahI mAnatA, jaisA ki hama pahale batalA Aye hai / ata vaha kisI eka anAdisiddha paramAtmAko sattAse iMkAra karatA hai / usake yahA~ yadi izvara hai to vaha eka nahIM, balki asaMkhya hai / arthAt jainadharmake anusAra itane Izvara haiM ki unakI ginatI nahI ho sakatI / unakI saMkhyA mananta hai aura Age bhI ve barAvara anantakAla taka hote raheMge, kyoMki jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA apanI svataMtra sattAko liye hue mukta ho sakatA hai / Aja taka aise ananta AtmA mukta ho cuke haiM aura Age bhI hoge / ye mukta jIva hI jainadharmake Izvara hai / inhI meMse kucha muktAtmAoM ko jinhone mukta honese pahale sasArako muktikA mArga batalAyA thA, jainagharma tIrthaGkara mAnatA hai / 1 jainadharmakA mantavya hai ki anAdikAlase karmabandhanase lipta honake kAraNa jIva alpaja ho rahA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoke dvArA usake svAbhAvika jJAna Adi sadguNa DhaMke hue hai / ina AvaraNoke dUra honepara yaha jIva ananta jJAna AdikA adhikArI hotA hai arthAt sarvana ho jAtA hai / jo jo mahApuruSa karmavandhanako kATakara mukta hue |

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112 jainadharma 1 raheM, ve saba sarvajJa hai / karma jIvake svAbhAvika guNokA pUrNa vikAsa nahI hone detaa| usake dUra honepara pratyeka jIva apanI apanI svAnAvika zaktiyoM ko prApta kara letA hai| matalaba yaha hai ki jIvokA karmanavanvana tathA jIvoMkA maryAdita kintu hInAvika jJAna isa bAtako batalAtA hai ki jIvoMkI mukti tathA unakI sarvajJatA asaMbhava vastu nahI hai utA jo jo sarvaja hotA hai vaha karmabandhanako kATakara hI sarvajJa hotA hai| pra usake binA koI sarvajJa ho nahI sakatA / isaliye anAdi siddha ko nahI hai / haiM karmavanvanakA vizeSa varNana Age karmasiddhAntameM kiyA gayA hai cAra ghAtikarmo kA nAza karake yaha jIva sarvajJa ho jAtA hai / sarvajJakA dUsarA nAma kevalI bhI hai| kyoki usakA jJAna aura darzana AtmA sivA kisI anya sahAyakakI apekSA nahIM karatA, ata. vaha kevalI kahA jAtA hai / use jIvanmukta bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yadyapi abhI vaha sagarIra hai, kintu dhAtikarmo ke naSTa ho jAneke kAraNa muktAtmA hI samAna hai| vaha cAra ghAtiyAkarmokA nAza kara detA hai hai isaliye use 'arihaMta' bhI kahate haiN| use ho 'jina' kahate hai, kyoMki vaha karmarUpI zatruoM ko jIta letA hai / ye kevalI jina do prakArane hote hai -- eka sAmAnya kevalI aura dUsare tIrthaGkara kevalI / sAmAnya kevalI apanI hI muktikI sAdhanA karate hai, kintu tIrthaGkara kevalI T 'apanI muktiko tAvanAke bAda sasArI jIvoMko bhI muktikA samasya - duHkhoM se chUTane kA mArga batAte hai| inake upadezase saMsArake aneka dara utara jAte hai isaliye ve tIrtha-stvarUpa gine jAte haiM / jaise brAhmaNavarmame rAmacandrajI Adiko navatArarUpa mAnA jAtA hai yA voddhaSa meM buddhako mAnyatA hai vaise hI jainadharmameM tIrthaMkaroMge mAnyatA hai / kintu ye tIrthaGkara kisI paramAtmAkA avatArarUpa nahI Rs hote, balki saMsArI jIvoMse hI koI jIva prayatna karate-karate loka kalyANakI bhAvanAse tIrthaMkurapada prApta karatA hai / jaba koI tIryahara : 'pada prApta karanevAlA jIva mAtAke garbha meM jAtA hai taba tI

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siddhAnta 113 mAtAko solaha zubha svapna dikhAI dete hai| tIrthaDroke garbhAvataraNa, janmAbhipeka, jinadIkSA, kevalajJAnaprApti aura nirvANa-prApti ye paJca mahAkalyANaka hote hai, jiname indrAdika bhI sammilita hote hai| ina paJca mahAkalyANakarUpa pUjAke kAraNa tIrthaGkarako 'ahaMt" bhI kahA jAtA hai| tIrthara anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura ananta vIryake dhArI hote hai| ye sAkSAt bhagavAn yA Izvara hote hai| jainasAhityame inake aizvaryakA bahuta varNana milatA hai| ye janmase hI mati, zruta aura avadhi jJAnake ghArI hote hai| janmase hI inakA zarIra apUrva kAntimAna hotA hai| inake nizvAsameM apUrva sugandhi rahatI hai| inake zarIrakA rakta aura mAMsa sapheda hotA hai| kevalajJAna prApta karaneke pazcAt arthAt arhat pada prApta kara lenepara unakA upadeza sunaneke liye pazupakSI taka inakI sabhAme upasthita hote hai| isa sabhAko 'samavasaraNa' kahate hai, jisakA artha hotA hai 'samAnarUpase savakA zaraNabhUta' arthAt jisakI zaraName sava Ate hai| isa sabhAmeM vAraha prakoSTha hote hai, jiname eka prakoSTha pazuoMke liye bhI hotA hai| tIrthaGkarakI vANIko pazu bhI samajha lete hai| jahA~ jahA~ inakA vihAra hotA hai vahA~ vahA~ roga, vara, mahAmArI, ativRSTi, durbhikSa, Adi raha nahIM skte| tIrthadara bhagavAnke pavAraneke sAtha hI deza meM sarvatra zAnti chA jAtI hai / kaivalyalAbha karaneke pazcAt ye apanA zeSa jIvana sasArake prANiyoMkA uddhAra karane meM hI vyatIta karate hai| isIse jainoke paramapavitra paJca namaskAra maMtrame arihaMtako prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai Namo arihatANa-arhantoko namaskAra ho| 1 sambhavata. isa 'arhat' nAma parase hindU purANakArone yaha kalpanA kara DAlI hai. ki kisI 'ahaMta' nAmake rAjAne jainadharmakI sthApanA kI thii| ahaMta kitIkA nAma nahIM hai balki jaina tIrthakarokA eka pada hai| isa padako prApta kara lenepara hI ve jIvanmukta hokara sasArako kalyANakA mArga batalAte hai, vahI mArga unake 'jina' nAma parase jainadharma kahA jAtA hai|

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janaghama jaba ina arhantokI Ayu thoDI zeSa raha jAtI hai tava ye yogakA tarodha karake vAkI bace cAra aghAtiyA karmo ko bhI naSTa kara dete / cAroM aghAtiyA karmoMkA bhI nAza honepara inheM muktikI prApti tI hai| inakA zarIra yahI chUTa jAtA hai aura apane svAbhAvika jJAnAdi gose yukta kevala zuddha AtmA raha jAtA hai, jo mukta honeke pazcAt vAbhAvika udrdhvagamanake dvArA lokake Upara agrabhAgameM jAkara Thahara AtA hai| mukta honeke pazcAt sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaM kara kevalI meM koI antara nahI rahatA, donoMko eka hI prakArakI mukti prApta hotI / yadyapi saMsArame sAmAnya kevalIkI apekSA tIrthaGkara kevalI adhika pUjanIya mAne jAte hai, kyoki tIrthaGkara kevalIse sasArako huta lAbha pahu~catA hai, kintu mukta honepara donoM meM isa tarahakA koI antara nahI rhtaa| saMsAra avasthAmeM jo kucha antara thA vaha tIrthaGkara dake kAraNa thA / mukta honepara isa padase bhI mukti mila jAtI hai, ta. muktimeM sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaGkara kevalI meM koI bheda nahIM hatA / donoM mukta kahe jAte hai / muktoMko jainasiddhAntameM 'siddha' kahate hai / yadyapi arhantose siddhoM kA pada U~cA hai; kyoki arhanta vandhanase sarvathA mukta nahI hote aura siddha usase sarvathA mukta hote , tathApi siddhoko arhantoMke bAda namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / yathANamo siddhANaM - siddhoMko namaskAra ho / 014 isa prakAra jainadRSTi arhantapada aura siddhapadako prApta hue jIva Izvara kahe jAte hai / pratyeka jIvame isa prakArake Izvara honekI zakti hai / parantu anAdikAla se karmabandhanake kAraNa vaha zakti DhakI I hai| jo jIva isa karmavandhanako tor3a DAlatA hai usake hI Izvara kI zaktiyA~ prakaTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha Izvara vana jAtA hU~ / isa taraha Izvara kisI eka puruSa vizeSakA nAma nahI hai / kintu anAdikAlase jo ananta jIva marhanta mora siddhapadako prApta ho gaye hai aura mAge hoge unhIkA nAma Izvara hai /

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siddhAnta 115 jainadharmake ye Izvara saMsArase koI sambandha nahI rakhate / na sRSTike saMcAlaname unakA hAtha hai, na ve kisIkA bhalA burA karate hai / na ve kisIke stutivAdase kabhI prasanna hote hai aura na kisIke nindAvAdase aprasanna / na unake pAsa ko aisI sAMsArika vastu hai jise hama aizvaryaM yA vaibhavake nAmase pukAra sake, na ve kisIko usake aparAdhoMkA daNDa dete hai / jainasiddhAnta ke anusAra sRSTi svayasiddha hai / jIva apane apane karmo ke anusAra svaya hI sukha dukha pAte hai| aisI avasthAmeM muktAtmAo aura mahatoko ina saba jhaMjhaTome par3anekI AvazyakatA hI nahI hai| kyoki ve kRtakRtya ho cuke hai, unheM aba kucha karanA bAkI nahI rahA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jainadharmame IzvararUpame mAne hue arhantoM aura muktAtmAokA usa Izvaratvase koI sambandha nahI hai jise anya loga sasArake kartA hartA IzvarameM kalpanA kiyA karate hai / usa IzvaratvakI to jainadarzanake vividha granthomeM bar3e joroMke sAtha AlocanA kI gaI hai / aura usa dRSTise jainadharmako anIzvaravAdI kahA jA sakatA hai / usame isa tarahake Izvarake liye koI sthAna nahI hai / 8 usakI upAsanA kyoM aura kaise ? jainoMmeM mUrtipUjAkA pracalana bahuta prAcIna hai / samrAT khAravelake zilAlekhameM kaliGgapara caDhAI karake nandadvArA agrajina (zrIRSabha - deva ) kI mUrtiko le jAnekA aura bhagaghapara caDhAI karake khAravelake dvArA use pratyAvartana karake lAnekA ullekha milatA hai / isase siddha hai ki Ajase lagabhaga aDhAI hajAra varSa pUrva rAjagharAnoMtakame jainoke prathama tIrthaGkara zrI RSabhadevakI mUrtikI pUjA hotI thI / svAmI dayAnanda to jainose hI mUrtipUjAkA pracalana huA mAnate hai / yoM to bhArata ke prAya. sabhI prAcIna dharmome mUrtipUjA pracalita hai, kintu jainamUrtike svarUpa, usakI pUjAvidhi tathA usake uddezyame anyadharmose

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1116 janadharma bahuta antara hai / jo use samajha legA vaha mUrtipUjAko vyarthaM kahanekA sAhasa nahI kara sakatA / hai jainadharmameM pA~ca pada bahuta pratiSThita mAne gaye hai-- arhanta, siddha, lAcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / inhe paMca parameSThI kahate hai / jainoke garamapavitra paMcanamaskAra matrame inhI paMcapadoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / ye hI pAMca pada jainadharmame vaMdanIya aura pUjanIya hai / jo cAra ghAtiyA karmoko naSTa karake anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryarUpa svacatuSTayako prApta kara lete haiM, una sarama audArika zarIrame sthita zuddha AtmAko arhanta kahate hai, jinakA vizeSa varNana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / ye jIvanmukta hote haiM / jo AThoM karmoMse aura zarIra se bhI rahita ho jAte hai, lokAlokake jAnane aura dekhanevAle, siddhAlayameM virAjamAna usa puruSAkAra AtmAko siddha kahate hai | aura yaha mukta hote hai / jo sAghu sAdhusaMghake pradhAna hote hai, pAMca prakArake AcArakA svayaM bhI pAlana karate hai aura apane saMghake anya sAdhuoM se bhI pAlana karAte hai, ve AcArya kahe jAte haiM / jo sAghu samasta zAstroke pAragAmI hote hai, anya sAdhuoko paDhAte hai tathA sadA dharmakA upadeza karanemeM lage rahate hai, unheM upAdhyAya kahate hai / jo viSayokI AzAke phandese nikalakara sadA jJAna, dhyAna aura tapama lIna rahate haiM, jinake pAsa na kisI prakArakI parigraha hotI hai | ora na koI ThagavidyA, mokSakA sAghana karanevAle una zAnta, nispRhI aura jitendriya muniko sAghu kahate hai / n : ina pA~ca parameSThiyomase arhanta parameSThIko mUrti jainamandirome bahutAyata se virAjamAna rahatI hai / yadyapi ve mUrtiyAM jainoke 24 tIthaGkaromese kisI na kisI tIrthaGkarakI hI hotI hai, kintu hotI arhanta avasthAkI hI hai, kyoki tIrthaMDara padakA vAstavika kArya gharmatIrthaM pravartana hai, jo arhanta avasthAme hI hotA hai / tIrthaMkara bhI

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siddhAnta mahanta avasthAko prApta kiye binA pUrNa vItarAgI aura sarvajJa naha' hote aura binA vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatAke dharmatIrthakA pravartatIpa nahI ho sktaa| ata dharmatIrthake pravartaka jaina tIrthaGkaroMkI mUrtiya / jainamandirome bahutAyatase pAI jAtI hai| ye mUrtiyA~ padmAsanA hotI hai aura khaDgAsana bhI hotI hai, kintu hotI sabhI dhyAnastha hai eka AtmadhyAnameM lIna yogIkI jaisI AkRti hotI hai vaisI hI AkRti una mUrtiyoMkI hotI hai| bhagavadgItAme yogAbhyAsIkA citraNa karate hue likhA hai- 4 'samaM kAyazirogrIva dhArayannacala sthira / samprekSya nAsikAnaM sva dizazcAnavalokayan // 13 // prazAntAtmA vigatabhI brahmacAridrate sthit.| mana. sayamya maccitto yukta AsIta matpara // 14 // ' a065 bhAvArtha-zarIra, sira aura gardanako sIdhA rakhakara, nizcalaiM ho, idhara udhara na dekhate hue, sthira manase apanI nAkake agrabhAgapata dRSTi rakhakara prazAnta AtmA, nirbhaya ho, brahmacarya vratame sthita hokara tathA manako vazameM karake mereme manako lgaa| jainamUrtikI bhI vilkula aisI hI mudrA hotI hai| usakI dRSTi nAkake agna bhAgapara rahatI hai| zarIra, sira aura gardana eka sIdharma rahate hai| padmAsaname vAI hathelIke Upara dAI hathelI khulI hotI hai| aura khaDgAsaname donoM hAtha jAnutaka laTake rahate hai| ceharepara zAnti nirbhayatA aura nirvikAratA khelatI rahatI hai| zarIrapara vikAraka DhAkaneke liye na koI AvaraNa hotA hai aura na saudaryako camakAneko liye koI AbharaNa rahatA hai| na hAyameM koI astra zastra hI hotA hai| bhagavatgItAme kahI huI jisa yogamudrAse yogI nirvANa lAbha karate hai, vahI mudrA jainamUrtime aMkita rahatI hai| dekhanevAleko yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vaha kisI prazAntAtmA yogIkI mUrtikA darzana kara rahA hai| na vahA~ rAga hai aura na vaira-virodha / siddhoMkI bhI mUrti rahatI hai, kintu cUki siddha parameSThI deharahita

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/ 118 janadhama hote hai, isaliye pItalakI cAdarake bIcamese manuSyAkArako kATakara 'manuSyAkArarUpa khAlI sthAna chor3a diyA jAtA hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya 'aura sAdhukI bhI mUrtiyAM kahI kahI pAI jAtI hai| inakI mUrtiyome sAdhuke cihna pIchI aura kamaNDalu akita rahate hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki janamUrti jainoke ArAdhya paJcaparameSThiyoMkI pratikRtirUpa hotI hai / / jinamandirame jAkara devadarzana karanA pratyeka jaina zrAvaka aura zrAvikAkA nitya kartavya hai| vahA~ vaha yaha vicAratA hai ki yaha mandira jina bhagavAnakA samavasaraNa--upadezasabhA hai,vedIme virAjamAna jinakI mUrti hI jinendradeva hai, aura mandirame upasthita strI puruSa hI zrotAgaNa hai| aisA vicAra karake acchI acchI stutiyAM paDhate hue jina bhagavAnko namaskAra karake tIna pradakSiNA detA hai| aura yadi pUjana karanA autA hai to pUjA bhI karatA hai| pUjAme sabase pahale jalase mUrtiyoMkA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai| kahI kahI dUdha, dahI, ghI, ikSurasa aura sauMbaMdhI rasase bhI abhiSeka karanekI paddhati hai| abhiSekake pazcAt pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / yaha pUjana jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa aura phala ina ATha dravyose kiyA jAtA hai| eka eka padya bolate jAte hai aura nambaravAra eka eka dravya caDhAte jAte hai| dravya caDhAte samaya dravya car3hAnekA uddezya bolakara dravya caDhAte hai / yathA-mai janma, jarA aura mRtyuke vinAzake liye jala car3hAtA huuN| arthAt jaise jalase jandagI dUra ho jAtI hai vaise hI mere pIche lage hue ye roga dhulakara dUra ho jAveM / mai saMsArarUpI santApakI zAntike liye candana caDhAtA hai| mai akSaya pada (mokSa) kI prAptike liye akSata caDhAtA hU~ 3 / mai kAmake vikArako dUra karaneke liye puSpa caDhAtA hU~ 4 / mai kSudhArUpI rogako dUra karaneke liye naivedya caDhAtA hai 5 / meM ajJAnarUpI andhakAra ko dUra karaneke liye dIpa caDhAtA hU~ 6 / mai AThoM karmoko jalAne ke pailaye dhUpa caDhAtA hU~ 7 / yaha ghUpa agnimeM caDhAI jAtI hai / meM mokSaphalakI prAptike liye phala car3hAtA huuN| eka eka karake ATho dravya

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siddhAnta 118 caDhAneke bAda AThoM dravyoMko milAkara car3hAyA jAtA hai use 'aya' kahate hai| yaha bhI anargha arthAt amUlyapadakI prApti ke uddezyase caDhAyA jAtA hai| - isa prakAra pUjAkA uddezya bhI apane vikAroM aura vikAroke kAraNoMko dUra karake carama lakSya mokSakI prApti hI rakhA gayA hai / * pUjAke do bheda kiye gaye hai-dravyapUjA aura bhaavpuujaa| zarIra aura' vacanako pUjanameM lagAnA dravyapUjA hai aura usame manako lagAnA bhAvapUrjA hai| zarIrako lagAneke liye dravya rakhe gaye hai, jisase hAtha vagairahakA upayoga unake caDhAneme hI hotA rahatA hai| aura vacanako usame lagAne-' ke liye padya rakhe gaye hai jinhe paDha paDha karake dravya caDhAyA jAtA hai isa taraha manuSyakA zarIra aura vacana pUjaname rahanepara bhI yadi usakA mana usame na rama rahA ho to vaha pUjana bekAra hI hai kyoki binA bhAvaka koI kriyA phaladAyaka nahIM hotii| jaisA ki kalyANamandirastotramha kahA bhI hai'ANito'pi mahito'pi nirIkSato'pi nUna na cetasi mayA vidhRto'si bhktyaa| jAto'smi tena janavAndhava | dukhapAtra / yasmAt kriyA pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyA. // 3 // ' 'he janabandhu ! tumhArA upadeza sunakara bhI, tumhArI pUjA kara bhI aura tumheM bArambAra dekhakara bhI avazya hI maine bhaktipUrvaka tumheM, apane hRdayame sthApita nahI kiyaa| isIse maiM dukhoMkA pAtra banA. kyoMki bhAvazUnya kriyA kabhI bhI phaladAyI nahIM hotii| ata dravya pUjAke sAtha zArIrika aura vAcanika pUjAke sAra sAtha-bhAvapUjAkA-mAnasika pUjAkA honA Avazyaka hai| kintu bhAvapUjA Upara kahe gaye ATha dravyoke binA bhI ho sakatI hai| dravya to mana, vacana aura kAyako lagAneke liye eka AlambanamAtra hai| isa prakAra jainamUrtikA svarUpa aura usakI pUjAvidhi batalAka usake uddezyapara eka dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai| 10 D ---- - -- - - -

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/ . 122 janadharma bhita ! tumhArI jaya ho| bhavya jIvoko svAnubhava' karAnemeM kAraNa paramagAnta mudrAke dhAraka ! tumhArI jaya ho| he deva ! bhavyajIvoke mAgyodayase ApakA divya upadeza hotA hai, jise sunakara unakA bhrama dUra ho jAtA hai / he deva ! tumhAre guNoMkA cintana karanese apane parAyekA bheda mAlUma ho jAtA hai| arthAt tumhAre Atmika guNoMkA vicAra karanese meM yaha jAna jAtA hU~ ki AtmA aura zarIrameM tathA zarIrase sambandha rakhanevAle kuTumbI jana dhana-sampatti Adime kitanA antara hai; kyoMki tumhArI AtmAme jo guNa hai vaise hI guNa merI AtmAmeM bhI maujUda haiM magara mai unhe bhUlA huA huuN| ata tumhAre guNoMkA cintana karanese mujhe apane guNoMkA bhAna ho jAtA hai aura usase meM 'sva' aura 'para' pahacAnane lagatA hai, jisase mai aneka ApadAjosemusIvatose baca jAtA huuN| he deva ! tuma saMsArake bhUSaNa ho; kyoki tuma saba dUSaNoM aura saMkalpa vikalpose mukta ho| tuma zuddha caitanyasvarUpa paramapAvana paramAtmA ho| tumane zubha aura azubharUpa vibhAva pariNatikA abhAva kara diyA hai| he dhIra ! tuma aThAraha doSoMse rahita ho aura apane anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryarUpa svacatuSTayameM virAjamAna ho| muni gaNapati vagairaha tumhArI sevA karate hai| tuma nau kevala labdhirUpI AdhyAtmika lakSmIse suzobhita ho| tumhAre upadezopara calakara agaNita jIvone muktilAbha kiyA hai, karate haiM tathA sadA kreNge| yaha bhavarUpI samudra dukharUpI khAre pAnIse pUrNa hai, ise pAra karAnemeM Apake sivA aura koI samartha nahIM hai| yaha dekhakara aura 'mere dukharUpI rogako dUra karanekA ilAja tumhAre hI pAsa hai' yaha jAnakara maiM tumhArI zaraNarme AyA hU~ aura cirakAlase maine jo dukha uThAye hai unheM batalAtA huuN| maiM apanako bhUlakara cirakAlase isa saMsArameM bhaTaka rahA hU~, maine vidhike khela, puNya aura pApako hI apanA samajhA aura apaneko parakA kartA mAnakara tathA parameM iSTa yA aniSTakI kalpanA karake ajJAnavaza mai vyAkula humA huuN| jaise mRga mArIcikAko pAnI samajha letA hai vaise hI mana

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123 siddhAnta zarIrako hI AtmA mAnA aura kabhI bhI AtmarasakA anubhava nahI kiyaa| hai jineza ! tumako na jAnakara maine jo kleza uThAye unheM tuma jAnate ho| pazugati, narakagati aura manuSyagatime janma le lekara meha anantavAra mraa| aba kAlalabdhike A jAnese--muktilAbhakA kAlara samIpa A jAnese tumhAre darzana pAkara meM bar3A prasanna huA huuN| merA mana zAnta ho gayA hai| mere saba dvandva phanda miTa gaye hai aura maine dukhokaa| nAza karanevAle AtmarasakA svAda cakha liyA hai| he nAtha ! aba aisAra karo ki tumhAre caraNokA sAtha kabhI na chuutte| (aura isake liye) AtmAkA ahita karanevAle pAMcoM indriyoke viSayome aura krodhAdi, kapAyoMme merA mana kabhI na rme| maiM apane Apame hI magna rhuuN| bhaga / van ! aisA karo jisase mai svAdhIna ho jaauuN| he Iza / mujhe aura kucha cAha nahIM hai, mujhe tosamyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyak caritrarUpIratnatraya caahiye| mere kArya ke kAraNa Apa hai| merA moharUpI saMtApa harakara merA kArya kro| jaise candramA svayaM hI zAnti bhI detA hai aura andhakArako bhI haratA hai, vaise hI kalyANa karanA tumhArA svabhAva hI hai| jaise amRtaka pInese roga calA jAtA hai vaise hI tumhArA anubhavana, karanese sasArarUpI roga naSTa ho jAtA hai| tIno loko aura tInoM, kAlome tumhAre sivA anya koI Atmika sukhakA dAtA nahI hai / Aja mere manameM yaha nizcaya ho gayA hai| tuma dukhoke samudrase pArautAraneke liye jahAjake samAna ho| __ isa stutise yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mUrti manuSyake caMcala citta ko lagAneke liye eka Alambana hai| usa Alambanako pAkara manuSya caMcala citta kSaNa bharake liye una mahApuruSoMke guNAnuvAdameM rama jAtA, hai, jo kisI samaya hamArI hI taraha saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahe the| kintu unhone svayaM apane pairoMpara khar3e hokara apaneko pahacAnA aura AtmalA, karake duniyAke kalyANakI bhAvanAse usa mArgako batalAyA jisapara

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124 janadharma calakara unhone svayaM muktilAma kiyaa| unake guNAnuvAdakA prayojana unheM rijhAnA yA prasanna karanA nahIM hai| ve to rAga-dvepakI isa ghATIse bahuta dUra hai| na ve kisIkI stutise prasanna hote hai aura na nindAse naaraaj| kintu unake guNoMkA kIrtana karanese hameM apane guNoMkA bodha hotA hai, kyoki jo guNa unameM hai vahI hamameM bhI hai, kintu hama apaneko bhUle hue hai / ata unakA guNAnuvAda hameM apanI smRti karAkara vure kAmose bacAtA hai| kahA bhI hai na pUjayArthatvapi vItarAge na nindayA nAtha vivaantvre| tathApi tava puNyaguNasmRtinaM. punAtu citta duritAJjaneya. // 57 // ' bRhttvyN0|| artha--he nAtha ! tuma vItarAga ho isaliye tumheM apanI pUjAse koI prayojana nahIM hai / aura cUMki tuma vItadveSa ho isaliye nindAse bhI koI prayojana nahIM hai| phira bhI tumhAre puNya guNoMkI smRti hamAre ata. mAlapI kAlimAse va mI tumhAre puNya gaNAliye nindAse ata. mUrtipUjAkA uddezya mUrtime akita bhAvoko apanemeM lAkara jisakI vaha mUrti hai usake hI samAna apaneko vanAnA hai / arthAt jo jaisA honA cAhatA hai vaha apane sAmane vaisA hI Adarza rakhatA hai| jainadharmakA uddezya AtmAko samasta karmabanvanose chur3Akara usake asalI svarUpakI prApti karAnA hai jise vaha bhUlA huA hai| ataH usakA Adarza ve punIta AtmAeM hai, jinhoMne apaneko vaisA banA liyA hai| unhI AdarzokI mUrti sthApanA karake saccA jaina apaneko vaisA hI banAnekA prayatna karatA hai| . pratyeka jainamandirameM zAstrabhaMDAra bhI rahatA hai, jisame jainazAstroMkA saMgraha hotA hai| jo darzana yA pUjanake liye jAtA hai use darzana yA pUjana kara cukane ke bAda zAstrasvAdhyAya bhI avazya karanI hotI hai| kyoki una zAstroMko jAne vinA darzaka yA pUjaka una jaina tIrthaDroke -upadezoM aura unake jIvanavRttoMko nahI jAna sakatA jinakI mUrtiko vaha pUjatA hai| aura unake jAne vinA mUrtise use jisa AdarzakI zikSA

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siddhAnta 125 milatI hai usa Adarzako vaha prApta nahIM kara sktaa| kyoki mUrti to manuSyake ucca AdarzakI ora saMketamAtra karatI hai, kevala vahI use ucca Adarza prApta nahIM karA sktii| jaise, jaba bAlaka varNamAlA sIkhatA hai to usakA hAtha sAdhaneke liye paTTIpara pesilase varNamAlAke AMvaTe likha diye jAte hai / baccA una AMvaTopara hI apanI kalama calAtA hai| jabataka usakA hAtha nahI sadhatA aura vaha isa yogya nahIM ho jAtA ki binA AMvaToke bhI svayaM akSara likha sake, tabataka use barAvara AMvaToMkA sahArA lenA paDatA hai| kintu jaba usakA hAtha sadha jAtA hai taba AvaToMkI jarUrata nahI rahatI aura vaha binA kisI sahAreke svaya likhane laga jAtA hai| usI taraha mUrtike sAhAyyakI bhI tabhI taka jarUrata rahatI hai jaba taka darzakakA dRSTikoNa apane AdarzakI ora pUrI tarahase nahIM hotaa| jaba darzaka apane AdarzakI ora agrasara hokara usIkI sAdhanAme laga jAtA hai, aura isa taraha usa pathakA sAdhaka bana jAtA hai taba usake liye mUrtikA darzana karanA Avazyaka nahIM rhtaa| ___ ata. jainoMkI mUrtipUjA usa AdarzakI pUjA hai jo prANimAtrakA sarvocca lakSa hai| usake dvArA pUjakako apane AdarzakA bhAna hotA hai, use vaha bhulA nahIM sktaa| pratidina prAta kAla anya saba kArya karanese pahale mandirame jAnA isIliye anivArya rakhA gayA hai ki manuSya artha aura kAmake pacar3emeM par3akara apane usa sarvocca lakSako bhUla na jaaye| tathA jina mahApuruSone usa sarvocca lakSako prApta kara liyA hai unakA guNAnuvAda karake unake prati apanI zraddhAJjali arpita kara sake aura zAnti tathA virAgatAke usa darpaName apanI kaluSita AtmAkA pratibimba dekhakara usake parimArjana karanekA prayala karasake / aise sarvocca lakSakA bhAna karAneke liye nirmita jaina-mandiroke bAreme jaba hama eka purAnI ukti sunate hai 'hastinA tADyamAno'pi na gacched jainamandiram' /

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jainadharma arthAt- 'hAthI ke dvArA mAre jAnepara bhI jaina mandirameM nahIM jAnA cAhiye / ' 126 to hameM vaDA acaraja hotA hai / tatkAlIna sAmpradAyika manovRtti ke sivA isakA koI dUsarA kAraNa hamAre dRSTigocara nahI hotA / astu, hama pahale likha Aye hai ki jainamUrti nirAvaraNa aura nirAbharaNa hotI hai / jo loga savastra aura sAlaGkAra mUrtikI upAsanA karate hai unheM zAyada nagnamUrti azlIla pratIta hotI hai / isa sambandhame hama apanI orase kucha na likhakara suprasiddha sAhityika kAkA kAlelakarake ve udgAra yahA~ akita karate hai jo unhoMne zramaNa velagolA (maisUra) meM sthita bAhubalikI prazAnta kintu nagnamUrtiko dekhakara apane eka lekhameM vyakta kiye the / ve likhate hai - 'sAsArika ziSTAcArame Asakta hama isa mUrtiko dekhate hI manameM vicAra karate hai ki yaha mUrti nagna hai / hama manameM aura samAjame bhAMti bhAMtikI mailI vastuokA saMgraha karate hai, parantu hame usase nahI hotI hai ghRNA aura nahI AtI hai lajjA / parantu nagnatA dekhakara ghabarAte hai aura nagnatAme azlIlatAkA anubhava karate haiN| isameM sadAcArakA droha hai aura yaha lajjAspada hai / apanI nagnatAko chipAneke liye logone AtmahatyA bhI kI hai / parantu kyA nagnatA vastuta. abhadra hai ? vAstavame zrIvihIna hai ? aisA hotA to prakRtiko bhI isakI lajjA AtI / puSpa nagna rahate haiM, pazu pakSI nagna hI rahate hai / prakRtike sAtha jinhone ekatA nahI khoI hai aise bAlaka bhI nagna hI ghUmate hai / unako isakI zarama nahI AtI aura unakI nirvyAjitAke kAraNa hameM bhI isameM lajjA jaisA kucha pratIta nahI hotA / lajjAkI bAta jAne deN| isameM kisI prakArakA azlIla, vIbhatsa, jugupsita, vizrI, arocaka hameM lagA hai, aisA kisI bhI manuSyako anubhava nhii| isakA kAraNa kyA ? kAraNa yahI ki nagnatA prAkRtika sthitike sAtha svabhAvazudA hai / manuSyane

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siddhAnta 127 vikRta dhyAna karake apane manake vikAroMko itanA adhika vaDhAyA hai aura unhe ulTe rAstekI ora pravRtta kiyA hai ki svabhAvasundara nagnatA use sahana nahIM hotii| doSa nagnatAkA nahI para apane kRtrima jIvanakA hai| vImAra manuSyake samakSa paripakva phala, pauSTika meva aura sAtvika AhAra bhI svataMtratApUrvaka rakha nahIM skte| yaha doSa, una khAdya padArthokA nahI para manuSyake mAnasika rogakA hai| nagnatA chipAnemeM nagnatAkI lajjA nahIM, para isake mUlameM vikArI purupake prati dayAbhAva hai, rakSaNavRtti hai| para jaise vAlakake sAmane narAdhama bhI saumya aura nirmala bana jAtA hai vaise hI puNyapuruSoke sAmane, vItarAga vibhUtiyoM ke samakSa bhI ve zAnta ho jAte hai / jahA~ bhavyatA hai, divyatA hai, vahA~ bhI manupya parAjita hokara vizuddha hotA hai / mUrtikAra socate to mAghavIlatAkI eka zAkhA jaghAke Uparase le jAkara kamaraparyanta le jAte / isa prakAra nagnatA chipAnI azakya nahI thii| para phira to unheM sArI philosophIkI hatyA karanI pdd'tii| bAlaka Apake samakSa nagna khar3e rahate hai| usa samaya ve kAtyAyanI vrata karatI huI mUrtiyoMke samAna apane hAtho dvArA apanI nagnatA nahI chipAta / unakI lajjAhInatA unakI nagnatAko pavitra karatI hai| unake liye dUsarA AvaraNa kisa kAmakA hai ?" ___"jaba maiM (kAkA sA0) kArakalake pAsa gomaTezvarakI mUrti dekhane' gayA, usa samaya hama strI, puruSa, vAlaka aura vRddha aneka the| hamameMse kisIko bhI isa mUrtikA darzana karate samaya saMkoca jaisA kucha bhI mAlam / nahIM huaa| asvAbhAvika pratIta honekA prazna hI nahIM thaa| maine aneka nagna mUrtiyAM dekhI hai aura mana vikArI honeke vadale ulTA ina darzanoMda kAraNa hI nirvikArI honekA anubhava karatA hai| maiMne aisI bhI mUrtiyA~ tathA citra dekhe hai ki jo vastrAbhUpaNase AcchAdita honepara bhI kevala vikArapreraka aura unmAdaka jaisI pratIta huI hai / kevala eka bopa, cArika laMgoTa pahananevAle nagna sAdhu apane samakSa vairAgyakA vAtAvaraNa upasthita karate hai| isake viparIta tirase para paryanta vastrAbhUSaNoMmeM

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128 jainadharma lade hue vyakti makhake eka igitamAtrase athavA apane nakhare ke thor3ese izArese manuSyako asvastha kara dete hai, nIce girA dete haiM / mata hamArI nagnatAviSayaka dRSTi aura hamArA vikArokI ora jhukAva donoM badalane cAhiye / hama vikAroMkA poSaNa karate jAte hai aura viveka rakhanA cAhate hai / " kAkA sAhabake ina udgAroMke bAda nagnatAke sambandhame kucha kahanA zeSa nahI rahatA / ata. jainamUrtiyokI nagnatAko lekara jainadharmake samvandhame jo aneka prakArake apavAda phailAye gaye hai ve saba sAmpradAyika pradveSajanya galataphahamI ke hI pariNAma hai| jainadharma vItarAgatAkA 'upAsaka hai / jahA~ vikAra hai, rAga hai, kAmukapravRtti hai, vahI nagnatAko chipAnekI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai| nirvikArake liye usakI 'AvazyakatA nahI hai / isI bhAvase jainamUrtiyA~ nagna hotI hai / unake mukhapara saumyatA aura virAgatA rahatI hai / unake darzanase vikAra bhAgatA hai na ki utpanna hotA hai / ata jainamandiroMmeM na jAnekI janazruti bhI eka mithyA pravAda hai / janamandira zAnti aura bhavyatAke pratIka hote hai| unameM jAnese manuSyakA mana pavitra hotA hai| nirvikAra mUrti tattvajJAnase paripUrNa prAcIna zAstra aura upayogI citrakArI yahI vahA~kI pravAna vastue~ hai, jinake darzana aura adhyayanase manuSya ke manako zAnti milatI hai / 9 sAta tattva yadyapi dravya hai tathApi dharmakA samvandha kevala eka jIvadravyase hai, kyoMki usIko dukhose chur3Akara uttama sukha prApta karAne ke liye hI dharmakA upadeza diyA gayA hai / aura dukhokA mUlakAraNa usI jIvake dvArA bA~dhe gaye karma hai, jo ki 'ajIva aura ajIvoMme MY mI paudgalika hai / ata jaba dharmakA lakSya jIvako saba dukhose chur3Akara uttama nusa prApta karAnA hai aura dukhoMkA mUlakAraNa jIvake dvArA

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129 siddhAnta bA~dhe gaye karma hI hai to duHkhose chUTane ke liye nimna bAtoMkI jAnakArI Avazyaka hai-- 1--usa vastukA kyA svarUpa hai, jisako chuTakorA dilAnA hai ? : 2-karmakA kyA svarUpa hai ? kyoMki jase svarNakArako aura usame mile hue dravyakI ThIka ThIka pahacAna honA Avaki hai' vaise hI eka Atmazodhakako bhI AtmA aura usake sAtha mile hue paradravyakI pahacAna honA Avazyaka hai, kyoki usake vinA vaha AtmAkA zodhana hI nahIM kara sktaa| 3 vaha ajIva karma jIva taka kaise pahuMcatA hai ? 4--aura pahu~cakara kaise jIvake sAtha baMdha jAtA hai ? isa prakArajIva aura karmakAsvarUpa aura karmokA jIvataka Agamana aura vandhanakA jJAna ho jAnese saMsArake kAraNokA pUrA jJAna ho jAtA hai| aba usase chuTakArA pAne ke liye kucha bAte jAnanA Avazyaka hai 5-navIna karmavandhako rokanekA kyA upAya hai? 6-purAne baMdhe hue karmoko kaise naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? 7-ina upAyose jo mukti prApta hogI vaha kyA vastu hai ? ina sAta vAtoMkA jJAna honA pratyeka mumukSuke liye Avazyaka hai, inhIko sAta tattva kahate hai| paudgalika karmoke sayogase hI yaha jIva vandhaname hai aura sava prakArake kaSTa bhogatA hai / isa sambandhakA anta kisa prakAra kiyA jAye yaha eka samasyA hai, jise pratyeka mumukSuko hala karanA hai| dharma hI vaha vijJAna hai jisake dvArA ukta samasyAko hala kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usIke hala karaneke liye ukta sAta bAte batalAI gaI hai| ye sAta bAte hI aisI hai jinakI zraddhA aura jJAnapara hamArA yogakSema nirbhara hai| isIliye inhe tattva-sajJA dI gaI hai| tattva yAnI sArabhUta padArtha ye hI hai| jo vyakti inako nahIM jAnatA, sambhava hai vaha bahuta jJAna rakhatA ho, kintu yathArthame upayogI bAtokA jJAna use nahIM hai|

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janavarma ra ukta sAta tattvoMkA nAma hai--jIva, ajIva, Asava, vanya, vara, nirjarA aura mokSa / inamese jIva aura ajIba do mUlabhUta tattva haiM, jinase yaha vizva nirmita hai / ina donoM tattvokA varNana pahale kara Aye hai| tIsarA tatva Atrava hai, jo jIvameM karmamalake mAneko sUcita karatA hai| vAstavameM jIva aura karmokA bandha tabhI sambhava hai jaba jIvameM karma-pudgaloMkA Agamana ho| mata. karmoke mAnake dvArako Anava kahate hai| vaha dvAra, jisake dvArA jIvameM sarvadA karmapudgaloMkA Agamana hotA hai jIvakI hI eka zakti hai, jise yoga kahate hai| vaha zakti garIradhArI jIvoMkI mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika kriyAmoMkA sahArA pAkara jIvakI ora karmapudgaloko sAkRSTa karatI hai| arthAt hama manake dvArA jo kucha socate hai, vacanake dvArA jo kucha bolate haiM aura zarIrake dvArA jo kucha halanacalana karate haiM vaha saba hamArI ora karmoke mAneme kAraNa hotA hai| isIliye tattvArtha-) sUtra meM kahA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAko yoga kahate hai aura - vaha yoga hI AsravakA kAraNa honese yAtrava kahA jAtA hai| ata. Anava tattva yaha vatalAtA hai ki jIvameM karmapudgaloMkA Agamana kisa prakArase hotA hai ? cauthA vandha tattva hai| jIva aura karmake parasparame mila jAneko vandha kahate hai| yaha vanya yadyapi saMyogapUrvaka hotA hai kintu saMyogale eka judI vastu hai| saMyoga to meja aura usapara rakkhI huI pustakamA bhI hai, kintu use vanya nahIM kaha skte| vanya to eka aisA mizraNa (milAva) hai jisameM rAsAyanika (Chernical) parivartana hotA hai| uttameM milanevAlI do vastueM apanI basalI hAlatako chor3akara eka tIsarI hAlatameM ho jAtI hai| jaise dUdha aura pAnIko ApasameM milA diye jAnepara na dUva apanI asalI hAlatameM rahatA hai aura na pAnI apanI asalI hAlatameM rahatA hai, kintu dUdha panIlApana A jAtA hai aura pAnI dUdhakA nA ho jAtA hai| donoM donoMpara prabhAva DAlate

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siddhAnta 1 hai / isI taraha jIva aura karmakA parasparame sambandha ho jAnepara na jIva hI apanI asalI hAlatame rahatA hai aura na karma pudgala hI apanI asalI hAlatame rahate hai| donoM donose prabhAvita hote hai / yahI bandha hai / isakA vizeSa vivecana Age karmasiddhAntame kiyA gayA hai / Asrava aura bandha ye donoM sasArake kAraNa hai / 131 pA~cavA tattva saMvara hai / Asravake rokaneko saMvara kahate hai arthAt naye karmoMkA jIvame na AnA hI savara hai / yadi naye karmoke Agamanako na rokA jAye to jIvako kabhI bhI karmabandhanase chuTakArA nahI mila sakatA / ata savara pA~cavA tattva hai / chaThA tattva nirjarA hai / ba~dhe hue karmoke thoDA thoDA karake jIvase alaga honeko nirjarA kahate hai / yadyapi jaise jIvame pratisamaya naye karmoMkA Asrava aura vanva hotA hai vaise hI pratisamaya pahale ba~dhe hue karmokI nirjarA bhI hotI rahatI hai, kyoki jo karma apanA phala de cukate hai ve jhaDate jAte hai / kintu usa nirjarAse karmabandhanase chuTakArA nahI milatA, kyoki pratisamaya' naye karmo kA vadha hotA hI rahatA hai, ata savarapUrvaka jo nirjarA hotI' hai, arthAt eka ora to naye karmoke Agamanako roka diyA jAtA hai aura dUsarI ora pahale ba~dhe hue karmo ko jIvase dhIredhIre judA kara diyA jAtA hai tabhI mokSakI prApti hotI hai jo ki sAtavA~ tattva hai / samasta ' karmabandhanoM se jIvake chUTa jAneko mokSa kahate hai / mokSa yA mukti | zabdakA artha hI chuTakArA hai / jaba jIva saba karmavandhanoMse chUTa jAtA hai to use muktajIva kahate hai / isa prakAra ukta sAta tattvoMmese jIva aura ajIva do mUla tattva hai, unake melase hI saMsArakI sRSTi hotI hai / saMsArake mUla kAraNa Asava aura bandha hai aura saMsArase mukta honeke kAraNa saMvara mora nirjarA hai / saMvara aura nirjarAke dvArA jIvako jo pada prApta hotA hai vaha mokSa hai, jo ki pratyeka jIvakA carama lakSya hai / usIkI prAptike liye usakA prayatna cAla rahatA hai, jise hama dharmake nAmase pukArate hai /

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111132 jainadharma ata. jo jIva apane usa carama lakSyako prApta karanA cAhatA hai use ukta sAta tattvoMkA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / 10 karma siddhAnta karmakA svarUpa prANI jaisA karma karatA hai use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai| moTe torase yahI karmasiddhAntakA abhiprAya hai / isa siddhAntako jaina, sAMkhya, yoga, naiyAyika, vaizeSika, mImAsaka Adi AtmavAdI darzana to mAnate hI hai, kintu anAtmavAdI bauddha darzana bhI mAnatA hai| isI raha IzvaravAdI aura anIzvaravAdI bhI isameM prAya. ekamata hai / kentu isa siddhAntameM aikamatya hote hue bhI karmake svarUpa aura usake phala deneke sambandhameM donomeM maulika matabheda hai / sAdhAraNa rase jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai use karma kahate hai / jaise - khAnA, pInA, valanA, phiranA, ha~sanA, bolanA, socanA vagairaha / paralokako mAnanevAle dArzanikoMkA mata hai ki hamArA pratyeka acchA yA burA karma apanA saMskAra chor3a jAtA hai, kyoki hamAre pratyeka karma yA pravRttike mUlame rAga aura dveSa rahate hai / yadyapi pravRtti yA karma kSaNika hotA hai tathApi usakA saMskAra phalakAla taka syAyI rahatA hai / saMskArase pravRtti aura pravRttise saMskArakI paramparA anAdikAlate calI AtI hai / isIkA nAma saMsAra hai| yaha saMskAra hI dharma, adharma, karmAzaya Adi nAmoM se pukArA jAtA hai| kintu jainadarzanake matAnusAra karmakA svarUpa kisI aMzameM isase bhinna hai / jainadarzana meM karma kevala eka saMskAramAtra hI nahI hai kintu eka vastubhUta padArtha hai jo rAgI dveSI jIvako kriyAse AkRSTa hokara jIvake sAtha mila jAtA hai / yadyapi vaha padArtha bhautika hai tathApi jIvake karma arthAt kinake dvArA AkRSTa hokara vaha jIvase baMdhatA hai isaliye use karma kahate hai / Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ anya dharmaM rAga aura dveSase yukta jIvako pratyeka kriyAko karma kahate hai aura usa karmake kSaNika honepara bhI usake saMskArako I

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1 siddhAnta 133 0 sthAyI mAnate haiM, vahA~ jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki rAga dveSase yukta jIvakI pratyeka mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika kriyAke sAtha ekI dravya jIvameM AtA hai jo usake rAgadveSarUpa bhAvokA nimitta pAkara jIvase ba~dha jAtA hai, aura Age jAkara acchA yA burA phala detA hai isakA khulAsA yaha hai ki pudgaladravya 23 tarahakI vargaNAome baMTAsa huA hai| una vargaNAomese eka kArmaNavargaNA bhI hai, jo saba saMsArame vyApta hai / jIvake kAryoMke nimittase yaha kArmaNavargaNA hI karmarUpa ho jAtI hai, jaisA ki AcArya kundakundane likhA hai 'pariNamadi jadA appA suhammi asuhammi rAgadosajudo / ta pavisadi kammaraya NANAvaraNAdibhAvehi // 65 // ' -- pravaca0 ' jaba rAga dveSase yukta AtmA acche yA bure kAmoMmeM lagatA taba karmarUpI raja jJAnAvaraNa Adi rUpase usame pravega karatA hai / ' 7 the 1 1 isa prakAra karma eka mUrta padArtha hai jo jIvake sAtha baMdha jAtA hai| jIva amUrtika hai aura karma mUrtika / ata una donokA vaha sambhava nahI hai, kyoki mUrtikake sAtha mUrtikakA vanya ho sakatA hai ! kintu amUrtikake sAtha mUrtikakA bandha kaise ho sakatA hai ? aisI AzaMkA kI jA sakatI hai, usakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai- anya darzanokI taraha, jainadarzana bhI jIva aura karmake samvandhako anAdi mAnatA hai| kisI samaya jIva sarvathA guddha thA, bAdako usake sAtha karmoMkA samba huA, aisI mAnyatA nahI hai, kyoMki aisA mAnaneme aneka vivAda uTha khar3e hote haiM / sabase pahalA vivAda to yaha hai ki sarvathA zuddha jIvake, karmabandha huA to kaise huA ? aura yadi sarvathA zuddha jIva bhI kama vandhaname par3a sakatA hai to usase chuTakArA pAnekA prayatna karanA hI, vyartha ho jAtA hai / mata. jIva aura karmakA samvanva anAdi hai / jaisA, ki paJcAstikAya nAmaka granthameM AcArya kundakundane kahA hai V1 'jo khalu saMsAratyo jIvo tatto du hodi pariNAmo / pariNAmAdo kamma kammAdo hodi gadisu gadi // 128|| gadimadhigadassa deho dehAdo idiyANi jAyate /

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jainadharma tehi du visayagahaNa tatto rAgo va doso vaa||12|| jAyadi jIvassevaM bhAvo sasAracakkavAlammi / idi jiNavarehi maNido aNAdiNidhaNo saNighaNo vA // 130 // artha-jo jIva sasArameM sthita hai arthAt janma aura maraNake krama par3A huA hai, usake rAgarUpa aura dveSarUpa pariNAma hote hai| na pariNAmoMse naye karma baMdhate hai| karmose gatiyome janma lenA paDatA , / janma lenese zarIra milatA hai / garIrame indriyA~ hotI hai / ndriyose viSayoko grahaNa karatA hai| viSayoMko grahaNa karanese iSTa upayoMse rAga aura aniSTa viSayose dveSa karatA hai| isa prakAra sasArapI cakrameM par3e hue jIvake bhAvose karmavandha aura karmavandhase rAga-dvepa pa bhAva hote rahate hai| yaha cakra 'abhavyajIvakI apekSAse anAdi nanta hai aura bhanyajIvakI apekSAse anAdi sAnta hai| isase spaSTa hai ki saMsArI jIva anAdikAlase matika kose ghA huA hai aura isaliye eka tarahase vaha bhI mUrtika ho rahA hai, jaisA ka kahA hai 'vaNNa rasa paca gaMdhA do phAsA aTTha NiccayA jiive| No sati amutti tado vavahArA mutti vdhaado|| // dravyasa0 / arthAt-vAstavameM jIvameM pAMco rUpa, pAMco rasa, donoM gandha aura AThoM sparza nahI rahate isaliye vaha amUrtika hai, kyoki jainadarzaname pa, rasa, gandha aura sparzaguNavAlI vastuko hI mUrtika kahA hai| kintu mavanvake kAraNa vyavahArameM jIva mUrtika hai| ata kathaJcit mUrtika mAtmAke sAtha mUrtika karmadravyakA sambandha hotA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki karmake do bheda hai-dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / vise sambaddha karmapudgaloko dravyakarma kahate hai aura dravyakarmake prabhAvase sonevAle jIvake rAga-dveparUpa bhAvoko bhAvakarma kahate hai / dravyakarma sAvakarmakA kAraNa hai aura bhAvakarma dravyakarmakA kAraNa hai / na vinA 1 jo jIva ima catrakA anta nahIM kara sakate unheM abhavya kahate hai aura jo maphA yata kara sakate haiM unheM bhavya kahate hai|

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135 siddhAnta dravyakarmake bhAvakarma hote hai aura na binA bhAvakarmake dravyakarma hote hai| era karma apanA phala kaise dete hai ? ___ Izvarako jagatkA niyantA mAnanevAle vaidikadarzana jIvako kama karaneme svataMtra kintu usakA phala bhoganeme parataMtra mAnate hai| unakA matase karmakA phala Izvara detA hai aura vaha prANiyoMke acche yA bure karmake anurUpa hI acchA yA burA phala detA hai| kintu janadarzanakA kahanA hai ki karma apanA phala svayaM dete hai, usake liye kisI nyAyAdhIzakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jaise, zarAba pInese nazA hotA hai aura dUdha pInese puSTi hotI hai| zarAba yA dUdha pIneke bAda usakA phala deneke. liye kisI dUsare zaktimAna niyAmakakI AvazyakatA nahI hotI / / usI taraha jIvakI pratyeka kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttiko sAtha jo karmaparamANu jIvAtmAkI ora AkRSTa hote hai aura rAgadveSaka' nimitta pAkara usa jIvase baca jAte hai, una karma paramANuome bhI zarAba aura dUdhakI taraha acchA aura burA prabhAva DAlanekI zakti, rahatI hai, jo caitanyake sambandhase vyakta hokara jIvapara apanA prabhAva DAlatI hai aura usake prabhAvase mugdha huA jIva aise kAma karatA hai, jo sukhadAyaka vA duHkhadAyaka hote hai| yadi karma karate samaya jIvake, bhAva acche hote hai to ba~dhanevAle karmaparamANuoMpara acchA prabhAva par3atA hai aura vAdako unakA phala bhI acchA hI hotA hai| tathA yadi bure bhAva hote hai to burA asara par3atA hai aura kAlAntarame usakA phala bhI, burA hI hotA hai| ___ mAnasika bhAvoMkA acetana vastuke Upara kaise prabhAva par3atA hai aura usa prabhAvakI vajahase usa acetanakA paripAka kaise acchA yA burA hotA hai ? ityAdi praznoMke samAdhAna ke liye cikitsakoMke bhojanA, sambandhI niyamoMpara eka dRSTi DAlanI caahiye| vaidyakazAstrake anusAra, bhojana karate samaya manameM kisI tarahakA kSobha nahI honA caahiye|

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jainadharma gojana karanese AdhA ghaMTA pahalese lekara bhojana karaneke AdhA ghaTA bAda taka manameM agAnti utpanna karanevAlA koI vicAra nahI AnA vAhiye / aisI dazAme jo bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, usakA paripAka acchA hotA hai aura vaha vikAra nahIM krtaa| kintu isake viparIta kAma, krodha Adi vikAroke rahate hue yadi bhojana kiyA jAtA hai to vaha bhojana zarIrameM jAkara vikAra utpanna karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kartAka bhAvokA asara acetanapara bhI par3atA hai aura usake anusAra hI usakA vipAka hotA hai| ata jIvako phala bhoganameM paratantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yadi Izvarako phaladAtA mAnA jAtA hai to jahA~ eka manuSya dUsare manuSyakA ghAta karatA hai vahA~ ghAtakako pApakA bhAgI nahI honA vAhiye ; kyoki usa ghAtakake dvArA Izvara maranevAleko daMDa dilAtA hai| jaise, rAjA jina puruSoke dvArA aparAdhiyoMko daNDa dilAtA hai ve puruSa aparAdhI nahI kahe jAte, kyoki ve rAjAjJAkA pAlana karate hai| usI taraha kisIkA ghAta karanevAlA ghAtaka bhI jisakA ghAta karatA hai usake pUrvakRta karmokA phala bhugatAtA hai, kyoki Izvarane usake pUrvakRta karmokI yahI sajA niyata kI hogI tabhI to usakA vadha kiyA gyaa| yadi kahA jAye ki manuSya karma karaneme svatatra hai ata ghAtakakA kArya Izvaraprerita nahIM hai, kintu ghAtakakI svatatra icchAkA pariNAma hai| to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sasAradazAmeM koI bhI prANI vAstavameM svataMtra nahIM hai, sabhI apane apane karmose baMdhe hai aura karmake anusAra hI prANIkI vRddhi hotI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki aisI dazAma to koI bhI vyakti muktilAbha nahI kara sakatA; kyoki jIva karmase baMdhA hai aura karmake anusAra jIvakI buddhi hotI hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoki karma acche bhI hote hai aura bure bhI hote hai| ata. acche karmake anusAra utpanna huI buddhi manuSyako sanmArgakI ora le jAtI hai aura bure karmake anusAra utpanna huI vRddhi manuSyako kumArga

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siddhAnta 137 kI bhora le jAtI hai / sanmArgapara calane se muktilAbha aura kumArgapara calanese saMsAralAbha hotA hai / ata buddhike karmAnusAra honese muktikI prAptime koI vAdhA nahIM aatii| isa taraha java jIva karma karaneme svataMtra nahIM hai to ghAtakakA ghAtarUpakarma usakI durbuddhikA hI pariNAma kahA jaayegaa| aura buddhikI' duSTatA usake kisI pUrvakRta karmakA phala kahI jaayegii| aisI sthitime yadi hama karmaphaladAtA Izvarako mAnate hai to usa ghAtakakI duSTa buddhikA kartA Izvarako hI kahA jAyegA / isapara hamArI vicArazakti kahatI hai ki eka vicArazIla phaladAtAko kisI vyaktike vure karmakA phala aisA denA cAhiye jo usakI sajAke rUpame ho, na ki usake dvArA dUsaroko sajA dilavAneke rupame ho| kintu Izvara ghAtakase dUsarekA ghAta karAtA hai, kyoki use usa ghAtakake dvArA dUsareko sajA dilAnI hai| kintu ghAtakako, jisa vuddhike kAraNa vaha parakAH ghAta karatA hai usa vuddhiko vigADanevAle karmoMkA kyA phala milA ? isa phalake dvArA to dUsareko sajA bhoganI pdd'ii| kintu yadi Izvarako. phaladAtA na mAnakara jIvake karmomeM hI svata phaladAnakI zakti mAna lo jAya to ukta samasyA AsAnIse hala ho jAtI hai, kyoki, manuSya ke bure karma usakI buddhipara isa prakArakA saskAra DAla dete| hai, jisase vaha kovameM Akara dUsaroMkA ghAta kara DAlatA hai aura isa taraha usake bure karma use bure mArgako ora hI tavataka liye cle| jAte hai jaba taka vaha ugharase sAvadhAna nahIM hotaa| ata iishvrko| karmaphaladAtA mAnaname isa tarahake anya bhI aneka vivAda khar3e hote hai| jinameMte eka isa prakAra hai-- kisI karmakA phala hame turanta mila jAtA hai, kisIko kuch| mAha bAda milatA hai, kisIkA kucha varSa bAda milatA hai aura kisIkA janmAntarameM milatA hai| isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? karmaphalake bhogame samayako vipamatA kyo dekhI jAtI hai / IzvaravAdiyokI orase

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jainavamaM isakA IzvarecchAke sivAya koI santoSakAraka samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| kintu karmame hI phaladAnakI zakti mAnanevAlA karmavAdI janasiddhAnta ukta praznokA buddhigamya samAdhAna karatA hai jo ki Age batalAyA hai / ataH Izvarako phaladAtA mAnanA ucita nahI ja~catA / | karmake bheda " pahale batalAyA hai ki jainadarzaname karmase matalaba jIvakI tyeka kriyAke sAtha jIvakI ora AkRSTa honevAle karmaparamANuose hai / ve karmaparamANu jIvako pratyeka kriyAke sAtha, jise jainadarzanameM ke nAmase kahA gayA hai, jIvakI ora AkRSTa hote hai aura AtmAke rAga, dvepa aura moha Adi bhAvoMkA, jinheM jainadarzanameM kapAya kahate hU~, nimitta pAkara jIvase baMdha jAte haiM / isa taraha karmaparamANuoMko jIvataka lAnekA kAma jIvako yogazakti karatI hai aura usake sAtha ndha karAnekA kAma kapAya arthAta jIvake rAga-dveparUpa bhAva karate hai / rAMga yaha hai ki jIvakI yogazakti aura kapAya hI vandhakA kAraNa I / kaSAyake naSTa ho jAnepara yogake rahanetaka jIvameM karmaparamANuokA Asrava-Agamana to hotA hai kintu kapAyake na honeke kAraNa ve hara nahI sakate / udAharaNake liye, yogako vAyukI, kaSAyako 1 : kI, jIvako eka dIvArakI aura karmaparamANuoko vUlakI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| yadi dIvArapara goMda lagI ho to vAyuke sAtha ur3akara bhAnevAlI dhUla dIvArase cipaka jAtI hai, kintu yadi dIvAra sApha, cikanI aura sUkhI hotI hai to dhUla dIvArapara na cipakakara turanta jha r3atI hai / yahA~ dhUlakA kama yA jyAdA parimANameM ur3akara AnA vAyuke tregapara nirbhara hai| yadi vAyu teja hotI hai to dhUla bhI khUba uDatI aura yadi vAyu dhImI hotI hai to ghUla bhI kama ur3atI hai / tathA dIvArapara ghUlakA thor3e yA adhika dinoMtaka cipake rahanA usapara kI goda mAdi gIlI vastuoMkI cipakAhaTako kamIvezI para nirbhara hai| yadi dIvArapara pAnI par3A ho to usapara lagI huI dhUla jaldI jhar3a A

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siddhAnta 139 jAtI hai| yadi kisI peDakA dUdha lagA ho to kucha derame jhaDatI hai aura yadi koI goMda lagI ho to bahuta dinome jhaDatI hai| sArAza yaha ki cipakAnevAlI cIjakA asara dUra hote hI cipakanevAlI cIja svaya sar3a jAtI hai| yahI vAta yoga aura kapAyake sambanvameM bhI jAnanI caahiye| yogazakti jisa darjekI hotI hai AnevAle karmaparamANumokI saMkhyA bhI usIke anusAra kamatI yA vaDhatI hotI hai| yadi yoga utkRSTa hotA hai to karmaparamANu bhI adhika tAdAdame jIvakI ora Ate hai| yadi yoga jaghanya hotA hai to karmaparamANu bhI kama tAdAdame jIvakI ora Ate hai| isI taraha yadi kapAya tIna hotI hai to karmaparamANu jIvake sAtha bahuta dinotaka baMdhe rahate hai aura phala bhI tIna dete hai| yadi kapAya halkI hotI hai to karmaparamANu jIvake sAtha kama samaya taka baMdhe rahate hai aura phala bhI kama dete hai| yaha eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai kintu isameM kucha apavAda bhI hai| Visa prakAra yoga aura kaSAyase jIvake sAtha karmapudgaloMkA vandha hotA hai / vaha vanya cAra prakArakA hai-prakRtivandha, pradezavandha, sthitivandha aura anubhAgavandha / bandhako prApta honevAle karmaparamANuomeM aneka prakArakA svabhAva par3anA prakRtibandha hai| unakI saMkhyAkA niyata honA pradezavanya hai| unameM kAlakI maryAdAkA par3anA, ki ye amuka kAlataka jIva ke sAtha baMdhe rahege, sthitivandha hai aura unameM phala denekI zaktikA par3anA anubhAgavanva hai| koMmeM aneka prakArakA svabhAva par3anA tathA unakI sakhyAkA kamatI vaDhatI honA yogapara nirbhara hai| tathA uname jIvake sAtha kama yA adhika kAlataka ThaharanekI zaktikA par3anA aura tIvra yA manda phala denekI zaktikA paDanA kaSAyapara, nirmara hai| isa taraha prakRtivandha aura pradezavandha to yogase hote hai, aura sthitivandha tathA anubhAgavandha kapAyase hote hai| inameM se prakRtivandhake ATha bheda hai-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antraay| jJAnAvaraNa nAmakA

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242 jainadharma adhika kaluSita ho jAte hai aura vaha aura bhI adhika bure kAma karanepara utArU ho jAtA hai to bure bhAvokA asara pAkara pahale bAMdhe hue karmoko sthiti aura phaladAnagakti aura bhI adhika baDha jAtI hai| isa utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNake kAraNa hI koI kana jalda phala detA hai aura koI dermeN| kisI karmakA phala tIna hotA hai aura kisIkA mnd| sattA-vaMcaneke bAda hI karma turanta apanA phala nahIM detA, kucha samaya bAda usakA phala milatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki baMdhaneke vAda karma sattAme rahatA hai| jaise zarAba pIte hI turanta apanA asara nahI detI kintu kucha samaya bAda apanA asara dikhalAtI hai| vaise hI karma bhI baMdhaneke bAda kucha samayataka sattAmeM rahatA hai| isa kAlako jainaparibhASAme AvAdhAkAla kahate hai| sAdhAraNatayA karmakA AvAdhAkAla usakI sthiti ke anusAra hotA hai| jaise jo zarAva jitanI hI adhika nazIlI aura TikAU hotI hai vaha utane hI adhika dinotaka sar3Akara banatI hai, vaise hI jo karma adhika dinotaka ThaharatA hai usakA AvAdhAkAla bhI usI hisAbase adhika hotA hai| eka koTI koTI sAgarakI sthitimeM sau varSa AbAdhA kAla hotA hai| arthAt yadi kisI karmakI sthiti eka koTi koTi sAgara bA~dhI ho to vaha karma sau varpake bAda phala denA zurU karatA hai aura tabataka phala detA rahatA hai jabataka usakI sthiti pUrI na ho| kintu AyukarmakA AvAdhAkAla usakI sthitipara nirbhara nahIM hai| isakA khulAsA anya granthoM meM dekhanA caahiye| isa prakAra baMdhaneke vAda karmake phala na dekara jIvake sAtha maujUda rahunemAtrako sattA kahate hai| udaya-karmaka phala deneko udaya kahate hai| yaha udaya do tarahakA / hotA hai-phalodaya aura pradezodaya / java karma apanA phala dekara naSTa hotA hai to vaha phalodaya kahA jAtA hai| aura java karma binA phala diye hI napTa hotA hai to use pradezodaya kahate hai| udIraNA-jaise, Amoke mausamameM Ama becanevAle AmoMko jaldI pakAneke liye peDase tor3akara bhUse vagairahameM davA dete hai, jisase

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siddhAnta ve Ama vRkSakI apekSA jaldI paka jAte hai| isI taraha kabhI kabhI niyata samayase pahale karmakA vipAka ho jAtA hai| ise hI udIraNa kahata hai| udIraNAke liye pahale apakarSaNa karaNake dvArA karmakI sthitiko kama kara diyA jAtA hai, sthitike ghaTa jAne para karma niyana samayase pahale udayame A jAtA hai| jaba koI asamayame hI mara jAtA hai to usakI akAlamatyu kahI jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa AyukarmakI udIraNA hI hai| sthitikA ghAta hue binA udIraNA nahIM hotii| sakramaNa-eka karmakA dUsare sajAtIya karmarUpa ho jAneko sakramaNa karaNa kahate hai| yaha sakramaNa mUla bhedoMmeM nahIM hotaa| arthAt jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa rUpa nahIM hotA aura na darzanAvaraNa jJAnAvaraNarUpa hotA hai| isI taraha anya karmoke bAreme bhI jaannaa| kintu eka karmakA avAntara bheda apane sajAtIya anya bhedarUpa ho sakatA hai| jaise, vedanIya karmake do / bhedoMmeMse sAtavedanIya asAtavedanIya rUpa ho sakatA hai aura asAtaveda, nIya sAtavedanIyarUpa ho sakatA hai| yadyapi sakramaNa eka karmake avAntara, bhedoMme hI hotA hai, kintu usame apavAda bhI hai| Ayukarmake cAra bhedoMmeM parasparame sakramaNa nahI hotA / narakagatikI Ayu vA~dha lenepara jIvako narakagatime hI jAnA par3atA hai, anya gatime nahI / isI prakAra bAkIkI tIna yumoMke bAreme bhI jAnanA caahiye| upazama-karmako udayameM A sakaneke ayogya kara denA upazama karaNa hai| nidhatti-karmakA saMkramaNa aura udaya na ho sakanA nidhatti hai| * nikAcanA-usame utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa aura udIraNa * kA na ho sakanA nikAcanA hai| ___karmakI ina aneka dazAoke sivAya jainasiddhAntameM karmakA svAmI karmokI sthiti, kaba kauna karma baMdhatA hai ? kisakA udaya hotA hai, kisa karmakI sattA rahatI hai, kisa karmakA kSaya hotA hai Adi bAtokA vistArase varNana hai| kAna ho na aneka dazA meM baMdhatA

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3. cAritra jainadharmake dArzanika mantavyokA paricaya karAkara aba hama usa paritrakI ora Ate hai, jo vastuta. dharma kahA jAtA hai| ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra nAmaka prAcIna jaina-granyameM samartha jainAcArya trI samantabhadra svAmIne dharmakA varNana karate hue likhA hai'dezavAmi samIcIna dharma krmnivrhnnm|| saMsAraduHkhata satvAn yo gharatyuttama sute||2||' 'ma karmavandhanakA nAza karanevAle usa satyadharmakA kathana karatA Ijo prANiyoMko saMsArake duHkhoMse chur3Akara uttama sukhameM gharatA hai|' isase nimna niSkarSa nikalate hai(1) saMsArameM duHkha hai| (2) usa dukhakA kAraNa prANiyoMke apane apane karma hai| (3) dharma prANimAtrako dukhate chur3Akara na kevala sukha kintu uttama sukha prApta karAtA hai| ___ aba vicAraNIya yaha hai ki saMsArame dula kyoM hai aura dharma kaise usase chuDAkara uttama sukha prApta karAtA hai| 1 saMsArameM duHkha kyoM hai ? ' saMsArame du.kha hai yaha kisIse chipA nhiiN| aura saba loga susake icchuka hai aura sukhake lie hI rAta dina prayatna karate hai yaha bhI kisIse chipA nhiiN| phira bhI sava du.khI kyoM hai ? jinheM peTa bharaneke liye na muTThI bhara anna milatA hai aura na tana DhA~kanake liye vastra, unakI gata jAne diijiye| jo sampattigAlI hai unheM bhI hama kittI na kisI duHkhase pIr3ita pAte hai| nirdhana banake liye chaTapaTAte haiM aura dhanavAnoko dhanakI tRSNA caina nahIM lene detii| nisantAna santAnake liye rote hai to santAnavAle santAnake bharaNapoSaNake liye cintita hai|

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145 cAritra kisIkA putra mara jAtA hai to kisIkI putrI vidhavA ho jAtI hai| koI patnIke binA du:khI hai to koI kulaTA patlIke kAraNa dukhI hai| sArAza yaha hai ki pratyeka manuSya kisI na kisI du khase dukhI hai| aura apanI apanI samajhake anusAra use dUra karanekI ceSTA karatA hai, kintu phira bhI dukhoMse chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| sukhakI cAhako pUrA karaneke prayatname jIvana bIta jAtA hai kintu kisIkI cAha pUrI nahIM hotii| Aiye / jarA isake kAraNoMpara vicAra kre| __sukhake sAdhana tIna hai-dharma, artha aura kaam| inameM bhI dharma hI sukhakA mukhya sAdhana hai aura bAkIke dono gauNa hai, kyoMki zubhA caraNarUpa dharmake binA prathama to artha aura kAmakI prApti hI asaMbhava hai| jarA derake liye use saMbhava bhI mAna liyA jAye to adharmapUrNa sAdhanoMse upArjana kiyA huA artha aura kAma kabhI sukhakA kAraNa ho nahIM sakatA, balki duHkhoMkA hI kAraNa hotA hai| isake dRSTAntake liye corIse dhana kamAnevAloM aura parastrIgAmiyoko upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mohavaza ina kAmoMme bahutase loga pravRtta hue dekhe jAte hai, para una kAmoMko svayaM vahI acchA nahI batalAte / aura usa dhana aura kAmabhogase unheM kitanA sukha milatA hai yaha bhI unakI AtmA hI jAnatI hai| yathArthameM artha aura kAmase tabhI sukha ho sakatA hai jaba usame santoSa ho / santoSake binA dhana kamAnese dhanakI tRSNA baDhatI jAtI hai aura tRSNAkI jvAlAse jalate hue manuSyoko sukhakA leza bhI nahI mila sktaa| isI prakAra jo kAmabhogakI tRSNAmeM paDakara kAmabhogake sAdhana zarIra, indriya vagairahako jarjara kara lete haiM ve kyA kabhI sukhI ho sakate hai ? phira artha aura kAma sadA ThaharanevAle nahIM hai, inakA svabhAva hI nazvaratA hai, kintu manuSyone unheM hI sukhakA sAdhana mAna rakhA hai| artha aura kAmame jo jitanI unnati kara letA hai, jitanI adhika saMpatti, bhoga-upabhogake sAdhana, UMcI aTTAlikAeM, sundara sundara gADiyA~ Adi jisake pAsa hai vaha

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146 jainadharma utanA hI adhika sukhI mAnA jAtA hai, usakA utanA hI adhika Adara hotA hai| aura yaha saba dekhakara savaloga, kyA mUrkha aura kyA vidvAna, kyA grAmINa aura kyA zaharI, vAlakase bUDhetaka artha aura kAmake liye hI zaktibhara udyoga karate hai| yadi koI dharmameM lagatA bhI hai to artha aura kAmake liye hI lagatA hai| aisI sthitimeM yadi manuSya dukhI na hoM to kyoM na ho? phira manuSyoMkI yaha arthalAlasA aura kAmalAlasA kevala unheM hI dukhI nahI karatI balki samAja aura rASTra bharako duHkhI banAtI hai, kyoki jo manuSya svArthavaza dhana kamAtAhai aura ucita anucitakA vicAra nahIM karatA vaha dUsaroMke kapTakA kAraNa avazya hotA hai, sAtha hI sAtha yadi vaha dUsaroko kaSTa pahuMcAkara corI yA chalase apaneko dhanI banAtA hai to dUsare catura manuSya usakA hI anukaraNa karake usI rItise dhanavAna bananekI ceSTA karate hai aura isa taraha parasparameM hI eka dUsareke dvArA satAyA jAkara samAjakA samAja duHkhI ho uThatA hai / yahI vAta kAmabhogake sambandhame bhI hai / ata yadi dharmake dvArA artha aura kAmakI maryAdA rakhI jAya to ve sukhake sAdhana ho sakate hai, parantu dharmakI maryAdAke vinA ve sukhakI apekSA dukha hI adhika utpanna karate hai| ataH sukhake sAtha dharmakA hI ghaniSTha sambandha siddha hotA hai aura sukhake sAdhanome dharma hI pradhAna ThaharatA hai| tathA zAstromeM jo sukhakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai, usapara dRSTi DAlane se to yaha bAta aura bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai| zAstroma sukhako jIvakA svabhAva batalAyA hai, kyoki sukha jIvake bhItarase hI prakaTa hotA hai, bAhara saMsArame kahI bhI sukhakA sthAna nahIM hai| yadi hama apanese bAhara anya padArthoMmeM sukhakI khoja karate raheM to hameM kabhI bhI sukha nahIM mila sktaa| yaha satya hai ki indriyoke bhoga hamase bAhara isa saMsArameM vidyamAna hai, kintu unamese koI bhI svaya sukha nahI hai / udAharaNake liye, eka vyApArIko tAra dvArA yaha

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cAritra 147 sUcanA milatI hai ki use vyApArameM bahuta lAbha humA hai| sUcanA pAte hI vaha Anandame nimagna ho jAtA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki tAra dvArA sUcanA milate hI usake hRdayame jo Ananda huA vaha kahA~se AyA? kyA vaha usa tArake kAgajase utpanna huA jisapara sUcanA likhI thI? nahI, kyoMki yadi usa kAgajapara hAnikI sUcanA likhI hotI to vahIM kAgaja usI vyApArIke dukhakA kAraNa bana jaataa| zAyada Apa kaho ki usa tArake kAgajapara jo vAkya likhe hue the uname sukha vidya' nA thaa| kintu yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoki yadi una vAkyome sukha hai to jo koI una vAkyoko paDhe yA sune una sabhIko usase sukha honA cAhiye, magara aisA nahI dekhA jaataa| zAyada kahA jAye ki una vAkyoM, kA sambandha usI vyApArIse hai ata unase usIko sukha hotA hai dUsaroko. nhiiN| kintu yadi usa vyApArIko usa tArakI satyatAme sandeha ho| to una vAkyose use bhI taba taka sukha nahI hogA jaba taka usakA sandeha, dUra na ho| isake sivA eka hI vastu kisIke sukhakA sAdhana hotI hai, aura kisIke dukhakA sAdhana hotI hai| tathA eka hI vastu kabhI sukhakA, sAdhana hotI hai aura kabhI dukhakA sAdhana hotI hai| jaise, putra jaba taka mAtA-pitAkA AjJAkArI rahatA hai taba taka unake sukhakA sAdhana hotA hai aura jaba vahI uddaNDa ho jAtA hai to dukhakA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| ata' yadi bAhya vastu sukhasvarUpa hotI to usase sabako sadA sukha hI honA cAhiye thA, kintu aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| ata: yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki sukha jIvakA hI svabhAva hai, isa liye vaha andarase hI utpanna hotA hai| kintu bAharame jisa vastukA sahArA pAkara sukh| utpanna hotA hai, ajJAnase manuSya use hI sukha samajha baiThatA hai| parantu, vAstavame vAhirI vastu na svaya sukha hai aura na sukhakA sAdhana hI hai| zarIrameM utpanna honevAle vikArokI kSaNika zAntike upAyoMko manuSya bhramase sukhakA sAdhana mAnatA hai, kintu vAstavame ve sukhake sAdhana nahIM hai, balki zArIrika vikAroke pratIkAramAtra hai, jaisA ki bhartRharine bhI likhA hai

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148 janavamaM " tRSA dhupyatyAtye pivati malli svAdu surabhi ghAtaM san ghAlIn svacayati mAkAdivalitAn / 1 pradIpte kAmAnno suramAliGgati varSa pratIkAro vyAghe susamiti viSayasyati jana // arthAt - 'java pyAsale mukha nakhane lagatA hai to manuSya sugandhita svAdu jala pItA hai| bhUkhase pIti honepara nAka Adike sAtha bhAta khAtA hai / kAmAgnike prajvalita honepara patnIkA AliMgana karanA 1 isa prakAra rogake pratIkAroko manuSya bhUlane susa mAna rahA hai|' sArAga yaha hai ki bAhya vastuoMke saMgrahakA uddezya kevala zarIra aura manake andara utpanna honevAlI durAjanita caMcalatAko miTAnA mAtra hai| saccA sukha to apane andarane svata vikasita hotA hai, " vaha vAhya vastukI apekSA nahI karatA / usake liye nagara aura vana, svajana aura parajana, mahala aura zmamAna tathA priyAkI goda aura zilAtala sava samAna hai / ata na artha sukha kA sAvana hai aura na kAma, kintu 4 icchAkA nirodha hI sacce susakA sAvana hai / jo isa satyako nahIM samajhate ve icchAko na roka kara icchAke anukUla padArtha prApta karake sukhI honekA prayatna karate haiM, kintu eka icchAka pUrI honepara dUsarI , icchA utpanna hotI hai aura isa taraha icchAkA srota vahatA rahatA hai| sava icchAe~ kisIkI pUrI nahI hotI, aura yadi ho bhI jAe~ to lAge 'koI icchA utpanna na ho yaha saMbhava nahI hai / ata. phira icchA utpanna honese phira dukhako hI sabhAvanA hai / ata. pratyeka prakArakI icchA niyamana karanA hI sukhakA saccA upAya hai, na ki usake anukUla 'padArtha juTAkara usakI tRpti karanA / tRpti karanese to icchA vaDhatI 'hai aura vaha tRSNAkA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai / Rs niSkarSa yaha hai ki saba sukha cAhate hai, kintu du khokA abhAva hue f vinA sukhakI pratIti nahI ho sakatI / nartha aura kAmate jo sukha ' hotA hai vaha sukha sukha nahI hai, kintu zArIrika aura mAnasika rogoMkA u pratIkAramAtra hai / bhramase logoMne use sukha samajha liyA hai aura sava

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cAritra 14 usIkI prAptike upAyoMme lage rahate hai, tathA nyAya aura anyAyaka vicAra nahI karate / isIse sasArameM dukha hai / hamArI artha aura kAmaka aniyatrita vAJchA hI svayaM hamAre aura dUsaroke dukhakA kAraNa barna huI hai / yadi hama use dharmake aMkuzase niyaMtrita kara sake dharma avis artha aura kAmake sevana karanekA vrata leleM to hama svayaM bhI sukhI ho sakata haiM aura dUsare bhI, jo ki hamArI aniyatrita arthatRSNA aura kAmatRSNA ke zikAra bane hue hai, sukhI ho sakate hai / isIliye dharma upAdeya hai vaha hamArI icchAokA niyamana karaka hame sukhI hI nahI, kintu sukhI banAtA hai, kyoki jo sukha hame indriyoke dvArA prApta hotA hai vaha parAdhIna hai| jaba taka hame bhoganeke liye rucikara padArtha nahIM milate taba taka vaha hotA hI nahI, tathA unake bhogane para tatkAla sukha mAlUma hotA hai kintu bAdame jaba bhogakara choDa dete hai to puna unake binA vikalatA hone lagatI hai / jaise, bhUkha laganepara rucika bhojana milane se sukha hotA hai, na milanese dukha hotA hai| tathA e bAra bhara peTa bhojana kara lenepara dUsarI bAra phira kSudhA satAne lagata hai aura hama bhojanake liye vikala ho uThate hai / ata isa prakAra prApta honevAlA sukha sukha nahI hai kintu dukha hI hai| saccA sukha vaha hai jise eka bAra prApta kara lenepara phira dukhakA bhaya hI nahIM rahatA / isIse kahA hai- 'tatsukhaM yatra nAsukham ' / sukha vahI hai jisameM dukha na ho / dharmase aise hI sthAyI sukhakI prApti hotI hai / w 2. muktikA mArga 'sasArame duHkha kyoM hai' yaha hama jAna cuke hai| aura yaha bhI jA cuke hai ki sukhakA sAdhana dharma hai vaha hameM du khoMse chur3Akara sukha hI nahI kintu uttama sukha prApta karA sakatA hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki dukhose chUTane aura sukhako prApta karanekA vaha mArga kaunasA hai, jo dharmaka nAmase pukArA jAtA hai| AcArya samantabhadra likhate hai -

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jainadharma "sadRSTijJAnavRttAni dharma dharmesarA vidu| yadIyapratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhati // 3 // " rlkrNdd| arthAt--'dharmake pravartaka samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak cAritrako dharma kahate hai| jinake ulTe mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcaritra saMsArake mArga hai|' ina samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrakohI, joki dharmaka nAmase kahe gaye hai, prasiddha sUtrakAra umAsvAmIne muktikA mArga ktalAyA hai| asalameM jo muktikA mArga hai-duHkhoM aura unake kAraNose chUTanekA upAya hai, vahI to dharma hai| usIko hame samajhanA hai|| du.khoMse sthAyI chuTakArA pAneke liye sabase prathama hameM yaha dRDha zraddhAna honA jarUrI hai ki__"ego meM sassado appA nnaanndNsnnlksnno| khesA me vAhirA bhAvA save saMjogalakkhaNA / / 102 // ' niymsaar| 'jAnadarzanamaya eka avinAzI AtmA hI merA hai / zubhAzubha karmoke sayogase utpanna hue vAkIke sabhI padArtha vAhya hai-mujhase bhinna hai mere nahIM hai|' jaba taka hama una vastuose, jo hame hamAre zubhAzubha karmoMka phalasvarUpa prApta hotI hai, mamatva nahI tyAgege, tabataka hama apane chuTakArekA prayatla nahIM kara sakege / aura karege bhI to vaha hamArA prayala saphala nahIM hogA, kyoki javataka hame yahI mAlUma nahIM hai ki hama kyA hai aura jinake bIcame hama rahate hai unake sAtha hamArA kyA sambandha hai tabataka hama kisase kittakA chuTakArA karA sakeMge? jaise, jise sonekI aura usameM mile hue khoTakI pahacAna nahI hai ki yaha sonA hai aura yaha maila hai, vaha khAnase nikale hue piNDameMse soneko zodhakara nahIM nikAla sakatA / soneko godhakara nikAlanake liye use sone aura malakA jJAna tathA yahI sonA hai aura yahI mala hai aisA dRDha vizvAsa honA cAhiye, kyoMki dRDha vizvAsa na honepara vaha kisI dUsareke vahakAvame Akara malako sonA aura soneko mala samajhakara

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cAritra 151 I bhramameM bhI paDa sakatA hai / vaise hI AtmazodhakakA bhI apanI AtmA, usakI kharAniyAM, una kharAviyoke kAraNa aura unase chuTakArA pAneke upAyoMkA bhalI bhAMti jJAna honeke sAtha hI sAtha apane usa jJAnakI satyatApara dRDha AsthA bhI avazya honI cAhiye / yaha AsyA hI samyagdarzana hai / chuTakArekA prayatna karanese pahale isakA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jo kucha sandeha vagairaha ho use pahale hI dUra kara lenA caahiye| jaba vaha dUra ho jAye aura pahale kahe gaye sA tattvokI dRDha pratIti ho jAye taba phira muktike mArgame paira baDhAna cAhiye aura phira usase pIche paira nahI haTAnA cAhiye, jaisA ki kahA hai "viparItAbhiniveza nirasya samyagvyavasya nijatattvam / yattasmAdavicalana sa eva puruSArthasiddhayupAyo'yam // 15 // " puruSArtha0 / 'zarIrako hI AtmA mAna lenekA jo mithyAbhAva ho rahA hai, use dUra karake Atmatattvako acchI taraha jAnakara usase vicalita na honA hI paramapuruSArtha muktikI prAptikA upAya hai|' 6 1 ata. mukti ke liye ukta sAta tattvopara dRDha AsthAkA honA samyagdarzana hai aura unakA ThIka ThIka jJAna honA hI samyagjJAna hai / ye dono hI Age baDhanekI bhUmikA hai, inake binA muktike liye yatnakaranA vyartha hai / jisa jIvako isa prakArakA dRDha zraddhAna aura jJAna ho| jAtA hai use samyagdRSTi kahate hai arthAt usakI dRSTi ThIka mAnI jAtI / hai / aba yadi vaha Age vaDhegA to dhokhA nahI khA sakegA / jabataka manuSyakI dRSTi ThIka nahI hotI - use apane hitAhitakA jJAna nahI, hotA tabataka vaha apane hitakara mArgapara Age nahI baDha sakatA / ata: prArambhame hI usakI dRSTikA ThIka honA Avazyaka hai / isIliye samyagdarzanako mokSake mArgame karNadhAra batalAyA hai| jaise nAvako ThIka dizAme le jAnA khenevAloke hAthameM nahI hotA, kintu nAvake pIche lage hue DA~DakA saJcAlana karanevAle manuSyake hAthame hotA hai / vaha use jigharako ghumAtA hai ugharako hI nAvakI gati ho jAtI hai| yahI

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"152 jainadharma vAta samyagdarzanake viSayame bhI jAnanA caahiye| isIse jainasiddhAntameM samyagdarzanakA bahuta mahattva vatalAyA hai| isake hue binA na koI (jJAna samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai aura na koI cAritra samyaka caritra kahalAtA hai, ata mokSake upAsakakI dRSTikA samyak honA bahuta jarUrI hai| usaka rahate hue mumukSu lakSyabhraSTa nahI ho sktaa| / isa samyagdarzanake ATha aMga hai| jaise zarIrameM ATha aMga hote hai, unake vinA zarIra nahIM banatA, vaise hI ina ATha agoke vinA samyagdarzana bhI nahIM bntaa| sabase prathama jisa satya mArgakA usane avalambana kiyA hai usake sambandhameM use nizaMka honA cAhiye / javataka 'use yaha zaMkA lagI huI hai ki yaha mArga ThIka hai yA galata, usakI AsthA 'dRDha kaise kahI jA sakatI hai? aisI avasthAme Age baDhanepara bhI usakA lakSyataka pahuMcanA sambhava nahIM hai| ata. use apanepara apane gantavya 'pathapara aura apane mArgadraSTApara avicala vizvAsa honA cAhiye / 'dUsare, use kisI bhI prakArake laukika sukhokI icchA nahIM karanA 'cAhiye--vilakula niSkAma hokara kAma karanA cAhiye, kyoki kAmanA aura vaha bhI strI, putra, dhana vagairahakI, manuSyako lakSyabhraSTa kara detI hai / icchAkA dAsa kabhI Age baDha hI nahIM sktaa| jaise koI AdamI apane dezako svataMtra karaneke mArgako apanAtA hai aura yaha 'kAmanA rakhakara apanAtA hai ki isa mArgako apanAnese merI khyAti hogI, pratiSThA hogI, mujhe kausilameM membarI milegii| yadi ye cIjeM 'use mila jAtI hai to vaha phira inako hI apanA lakSya mAnakara unameM 'hI rama jAtA hai aura dezakI svatatratAko bhala baiThatA hai| yadi ye cIje nahIM milatI aura ulTI yAtanA sahanI par3atI hai to vaha logoko bhalAburA kahakara usa mArgako hI chor3a baiThatA hai| vaise hI sAMsArika sukhako kAmanA rakhakara isa mArgapara calanA bhI lakSya bhraSTa kara detA hai| ata nirIha hokara rahanA hI ThIka hai| tIsare, rogI, dukhI aura daridrIko dekhakara usase glAni nahIM karanI cAhiye, kyoki ye saba jIvoke

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cAritra 153 apane apane kiye hue puNya pApakA khela hai| Aja jo amIra hai kala vaha ? daridra ho sakatA hai| Aja jo nIroga hai kala vaha rogI ho sakatA hai| ata manuSyake vaibhava aura zarIrakI gandagIpara dRSTi na dekara usake guNopara dRSTi denI cAhiye / cauthe, use kumArgakI aura kumaargpr| calanevAloMkI kabhI bhI sarAhanA nahIM karanI cAhiye, kyoki isase kumArgako protsAhana milatA hai| tathA usame itanA viveka aura dRDhatAkA honA jarUrI hai ki yadi koI use sanmArgase cyuta karanekA prayatna kareM to usakI bAtome na A ske| pA~cave, use apane meM guNoMko baDhAte, rahanekA prayatna karate rahanA cAhiye aura dUsaroke doSoMko DhA~kanekA prayala karanA caahiye| tathA ajJAnI aura asamartha janoke dvArA yadi sanmArgapara koI apavAda AtA ho to use bhI dUra karanekA prayatna karanA cAhiye, jisase lokame sanmArgako nindA na ho| chaThe, svaya yA koI dUsarA manuSya sanmArgase DigatA huA ho, kisI kAraNase usakA tyAga kara denA cAhatA ho to apanA aura usakA sthitikaraNa karana: caahiye| sAtaveM, apane sahayogiyoMse, aura ahiMsAmayI dharmase atyanta sneha karanA caahiye| AThave, janatAme phaile hue ajJAnarUpI andhakArako dUra karake ahiMsAmayI dharmakA sarvatra prasAra karate rahanA caahiye| ye samyagdarzanake ATha aMga hai, jinakA honA jarUrI hai| ___ isake sivA samyagdRSTiko apane jJAna, tapa, Adara-satkAra vala, aizvarya, kula, jAti aura saundaryakA mada nahI karanA caahiye| mada bahuta burA hai| jo koI madame Akara apane kisI bhI sahadharmIkA' apamAna karatA hai, vaha apane dharmakA hI apamAna karatA hai, kyoki dhArmikoke binA dharmakI sthiti nahIM hai| isa prakAra samyadRSTi tathA samyagjJAnI hokara jIvako Age baDhane kA prayatna karanA cAhiye / itanI bhUmikA taiyAra kiye vinA ahiMsA dharmarUpI usa mahAvRkSakA akurAropaNa nahI ho sakatA, jisake zAntarasase paripUrNa susvAdu madhuraphala muktike mArgame pAtheyakA kAma dete hai|

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janadharma aura jisakI zItala sukhada chAyAme yaha sacarAcara vizva-yuddhokI vabhISikAse trastra aura Akula yaha saMsAra, zAntilAbha kara sakatA hai| aba rahA samyakcAritra yA aacaar| 3. cAritra yA AcAra prArambhame jainadharmakA ArambhakAla batalAte hue yaha batalAyA hai ke jainazAstroMke anusAra vartamAna avasarpiNIkAlake prArambhame jaba pahA~ bhogabhUmi thI, usa samaya yahA~ koI bhI dharma nahIM thaa| saba manuSya sukhI the| savako AvazyakatAke anusAra Avazyaka vastueM mila jAtI thii| manuSya satoSI aura sarala hote the| vaiyaktika sampattivAdakA taba janma nahI huA thA / ata viSamatA bhI nahIM thii| prAkRtika sAmyavAda thaa| na koI choTA thA aura na koI bddaa| na koI amIra thA aura na koI garIva / na koI zAsaka thA aura na koI zAsya / kintu pIche prakRtine palaTA khAyA, Avazyaka vastuokA yatheSTa parimANameM milanA banda ho gyaa| manuSyoMmeM asantoSa aura ghabarAhaTa saidA huI / unase saMcayavRttikA janma huaa| phalata viSamatA baDhane lagI aura usake sAtha sAtha aparAdhoMkI bhI pravRtti ho clii| sukhakA sthAna dukhane le liyaa| taba bhagavAna RSabhadevakA janma huaa| unhoMne logoko asi, maSI, kRSi, zilpa, sevA aura vyApArake dvArA AjIvikA karanekA upadeza diyA tathA apane pratyeka kAryameM ahiMsAmUlaka vyavahAra karanekA upadeza dekara ahiMsAko hI dharma batalAyA aura usa mahiMsA dharmakI rakSA liyo satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina cAra anya dharmokA pAlana bhI Avazyaka btlaayaa| ye pAMca yamarUpa dharma hI jainAcArakA mUla hai isIko ekadezase gRhastha pAlate hai aura sarvadezase muni pAlate hai| ' cAritra yA AcArakA artha hotA hai AcaraNa / manuSya jo kucha socatA hai yA bolatA hai yA karatA hai vaha saba usakA AcaraNa kahalAtA hai| usa AcaraNakA sudhAra hI manuSyakA sudhAra hai aura usakA bigADa

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cAritra 155 hI manuSyakA bigAr3a hai| manuSya pravRttizIla hai aura usakI pravRttike tIna dvAra hai-mana, vacana aura kAya / inake dvArA hI manuSya apanA kAma karatA ha aura inake dvArA hI eka manuSya dUsare manuSyake paricayameM jAtA hai| yahI ve cIje hai, jo manuSyako manuSyakA duzmana banAtI hai aura yahI ve cIje hai jo manuSyako manuSyakA mitra banAtI hai| yahI ve. cIja hai jinake satprayogase manuSya svaya sukhI ho sakatA hai aura dUsaroMko sukhI kara sakatA hai aura yahI ve cIje hai, jinake duSprayogase manuSya svayaM dukhI hotA hai aura dUsaroke dukhakA kAraNa banatA hai| ata. inakA satprayoga karanA aura duSprayoga na karanA zubhAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai| yathArthameM cAritrake do aza hai-eka pravRttimUlaka aura dUsarA nivRttimUlaka / jitanA pravRttimUlaka aza hai vaha sava vandhakA kAraNa hai aura jitanA nivRttimUlaka aza hai vaha sava avandhakA kAraNa hai| yahA~ pravRtti aura nivRttike viSayame thoDA sA prakAza DAla dena anucita na hogaa| pravRttikA matalaba hai icchA-pUrvaka kisI kArya laganA aura nivRttikA matalaba hai pravRttiko rokanA / pravRtti acchI bhI hotI aura burI bhI bhii| pravRttike tIna dvAra hai-mana, vacana aura kAya / kisIkA burA vicAranA, kisIse IrSAbhAva rakhanA Adi burI mAnasika pravRtti hai| kisIkA bhalA vicAranA, kisIkI rakSA / upAya socanA Adi acchI mAnasika pravRtti hai| jhUTha bolanA, gAlI vakanA Adi burI vAcanika pravRtti hai| hita mita vacana bolanA. acchI vAcanika pravRtti hai / kisIkI hiMsA karanA, corI karanA" vyabhicAra karanA Adi burI kAyika pravRtti hai aura kisIkI 61 karanA, sevA karanA Adi acchI kAyika pravRtti hai| isa tara pravRtti acchI bhI hotI hai aura vurI bhI hotI hai| kintu pravRttika acchApana yA vurApana kartAkI kriyA yA usake phalapara nirbhara naha hai kintu kartAka irAdepara nirbhara hai| kartA jo kArya acche irAna karatA hai vaha kArya acchA kahalAtA hai aura jo kArya bure irAdese karata

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4 156 janadharma hai vaha kArya burA kahalAtA hai| jaise, eka DAkTara acchA karaneke bhAvase rogIko naztara detA hai| rogI cillAtA hai aura tar3aphatA hai phira bhI DAkTarakA kArya burA nahIM kahalAtA, kyoki usakA irAdA burA nahIM hai| tathA eka manuSya kisI dhanI yuvakase mitratA joDakara usakA dhana hathiyAneke irAdese pratidina usakI khuzAmada karatA hai, use taraha tarahake sibjabAga dikhAkara vezyA aura zarAbase usakI khAtira karatA hai| usakA yaha kAma burA hai kyoki usakA irAdA burA hai| isI taraha aura bhI aneka dRSTAnta diye jA sakate hai| ata. pravRttikA acchA yA durApana kartAke bhAvopara nirbhara hai, na ki kaarypr| aisI sthitime majo loga laukika sukhakI icchAse prerita hokara dharmAcaraNa karate hai unakA vaha dharmAcaraNa yadyapi bure kAryoMme laganekI apekSA acchA nAhI hai tathApi jisa dRSTise dharmAcaraNako kartavya batalAyA hai usa dRSTise vaha eka tarahase niSphala hI hai, kyoki laukika vaiSayika sukhakI lAlasAmeM phaMsakara hama usa cirasthAyI Atmika sukhakI bAtako bhUla jAte hai, jo dharmAcaraNakA antima lakSya hai, aura aise aise kArya kara baiThate hai hu jinase bahuta kAlake liye usa cirasthAyI sukhakI AzA naSTa ho jAtI hai yadyapi sukhalAbhakI pravRtti jIvakA svabhAvasiddha dharma hai| vahI pravRtti jIvoMko acche yA bure kAryoM meM lagAtI hai| kintu eka to jIvoMko sacce sukhakI pahicAna nahIM hai| ve samajhate haiM ki indriyoke viSayoMme hI saccA sukha hai / isaliye ve unhIkI prAptikA prayatna karate hai aura usIke lobhase dharmAcaraNa bhI karate hai| kintu jyo jyoM unhe viSayoMkI prApti hotI jAtI hai tyo-tyoM unakI viSayatRSNA baDhatI jAtI hai| usa tRSNAkI pUrtike liye ve pratidina naye naye upAya racate hai, anartha karate hai, balAtkAra karate hai, dUsaroMko satAte hai, ucita anucitakA vicAra kiye vinA jo kucha kara sakate hai karate hai, pratAkintu unakI tRSNA zAnta nahIM hotii| antame tRSNAko zAnta karanekI unameM ve svayaM hI gAnta ho jAte hai aura apane pIche pApoMkI poTarI

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cAritra 157 1 e bA~dhakara duniyAse cala basate hai / isIliye vaiSayika sukhakI khoja itanI nindanIya hai / dUsare, pravRttime eka bar3A bhArI dopa yaha hai ki pravRtti 4 mAtra hI sahajame asaMyata ho uThatI hai aura ucita sImAko lAMghakara kArya karane lagatI hai / isIse pravRttike damanapara itanA jora diyA gayA cha hai mora pravRttiko vizvasta patha-pradarzaka nahI mAnA jAtA / isIliye dUradarzI dharmopadeSTAone pravRtti-mUlaka kAryakI apekSA nivRttimUlaka kAryakI hI adhika prazaMsA kI hai / aura nivRttimArgako hI grahaNa ca karanekA upadeza diyA hai / ya N aneka loga soca sakate hai ki pravRtti manuSyako yathArthakarmA banAkara jagatakA hita karaneme lagAtI hai aura nivRtti manuSyako niSkarmAla banAkara jagatakA hita karanese rokatI hai / kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahI ra hai / yaha saca hai ki nivRttimArgakI apekSA pravRttimArga AkarSaka hai / hai f para usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pravRttimArgaMse jisa sukhakI khoja kI jAtI hai vaha kSaNika honepara bhI sahaja labhya aura sahajabhogya hai / uraha nivRttimArga se jisa sukhako khojA jAtA hai vaha nitya honepara bhI atidUra hai aura sayatacitta hue binA koI use bhoga nahI sakatA / ata. nivRttimArga yadyapi AkarSaka nahI hai tathApi eka bAra jo usapara paga rakha detA hai vaha barAbara calatA rahatA hai, kyoki usa mArga para calane se| ' jo sukha prApta hotA hai vaha nitya hai aura usako bhoganekI zaktikA kabhI hAsa nahI hotA / isake viparIta pravRttimArga se jo sukha prApta hotA hai usa sukhake liye jina bhogya sAmagriyokI AvazyakatA hai ve sava asthAyI hai aura usa sukhako bhoganeke liye hamame jo zakti ne vaha bhI kSaya honevAlI hai / dUsare, pravRttise prerita hokara jo kArya kiya jAtA hai usake anta taka cAlU rahaneme bahuta kucha zakA rahatI hai, kyoki kartA kisI laukika icchAse hI usameM pravRtta hotA hai / kintu nivRttimArgapara calanevAleke viSayame yaha zakA nahI rahatI, kyoki vaha apane sukha - lAbhapara dRSTi na rakhakara kArya karaneme hI rata rahatA hai / zAyada

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158 janavama koI kahe ki pravRttimArgI logone hI parizrama karake aneka prakArake viSaya-sUkhake upAyokA AviSkAra karake manuSyajAtikA mahAn hita kiyA hai aura nivRttimAgiyone kucha nahIM kiyaa| to unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki una saba sukhasAdhanoke rahate hue bhI jaba koI AdamI dussaha zokasAgarameM nimagna hotA hai, yA nirAzAke gatama par3A hotA hai yA asAdhya rogase pIDita hotA hai to nivattimAgiyoMke jIvanaka ujjvala dRSTAnta hI usako dhIraja baMdhAte hai, aura unake anubhavapUrNa upadezoMke dvArA hI use saccI zAntikA lAbha hotA hai| ata jo sacce sukha aura zAntiko khojameM hai unheM kucha-kucha nivRttimArgI bhI honA cAhiye aura pravRttimArgapara calate hue bhI apanI dRSTi nivRttimArgapara hI rakhanI caahiye| koI kaha sakate hai ki isa taraha yadi sabhI nitimArgI ho jAyaga to duniyAkA kAma kaise calegA? kintu aisA socanekI jarUrata nahIM hai kyoki hamArI svArthamUlaka pravRttiyoM itanI pravalaM hai ki nivRttika abhyAsase unakI jar3a ukhar3anakI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| usase itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki ve kucha zAnta ho jAyeM, kintu isase hame aura jagatakA lAma hI pahuMcegA, hAni nhiiN| mata cAritrake do rUpa he eka pravRtti'mUlaka aura dUsarA nivRttimUlaka / ina donoM hI cAritroMkA prANa hai ahiMsA, aura usake rakSaka hai, satya, acArya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| 4. ahiMsA ___janacArakA prANa hi ahiMsA hI paramadharma hai| ahiMsA hI paramabrahma hai / ahitA ho sukha zAnti denevAlI hai, ahiMsA hI saMsArakA nANa karanevAlI hai| sahI mAnavakA saccA dharma hai, yahI mAnavakA saccA karma hai / yahI vIrokA saccA bAnA hai, yahI dhoroMkI pravala nizAnI hai| isake binA na mAnavako zobhAhai na usakI zAna hai| mAnava aura dAnavameM kevala mohatA aura hiMsAkA hI to antara hai| ahiMsA mAnavI hai aura hiMsA dAnavI hI

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cAritra 156 javase mAnavane ahiMsAko bhulA diyA tabhIse vaha dAnava hotA jAtA hai aura usakI dAnavatAkA abhizApa isa vizvako bhoganA paDa rahA hai / phira bhI mAnava isa satyako nahIM smjhtaa| kintu vaha dina dUra nahIM hai java mAnavasasAra use samajhegA, kyoMki usake kaSTokA dUsarA ilAja hI nahI hai| sasAra sukha zAnti cAhatA hai, isakA matalaba hai ki sasArame nivAsa karanevAlA pratyeka prANI sukhazAntikA icchuka hai| koI maranA nahIM caahtaa| dukhIse dukhI prANI bhI jIvita rahanekI cAha rakhatA hai| sabako apanA jIvana priya hI nahIM, balki atipriya hai| aisI ati pyArI cIjako jo naSTa kara DAlatA hai vaha hiMsaka hai, dAnava hai, pAtakI hai| aura jo usakI rakSA karatA hai, apane prANokA balidAna karake bhI trastoMko bacAtA hai, unheM jIvanadAna detA hai, vaha ahiMsaka hai 1 aura vahI saccA mAnava hai| isa mAnavatAkA mUlya vahI AMka sakatA hai, jisake prANopara kabhI sakaTa AyA hai / jo kevala mAranA jAnate hai, satAnA jAnate hai, unase yaha AzA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? kahAvata prasiddha hai-'jAke paira nahiM phaTI bivAI, vaha kyA jAne pIra parAI' jisake jIvanapara kabhI dukhakI ghaTA nahI ghaharAI, kabhI kisI AtatAyIkI talavAra nahI paDI, vaha kyA jAna sakatA hai ki dUsaroMko mAraneme yA satAneme kyA dukha hai ? kAza yadi mAnavane apane jIvanapara bItI dukhada ghaTanAose zikSA lI hotI to Aja mAnava mAnavake khUnakA pyAsA na hotaa| kintu mAnava itanA svArthI hai yA usakI svArthaparaka vRttiyA~ itanI prabala hai, ki vaha svayaM to jIvita rahanA cAhatA hai kintu dUsaroke jIvanakI kataI paravAha nahIM krtaa| usakI dazA nazeme masta usa moTaracAlakakI sI hai jo sarapaTa moTara daur3Ate hue yaha bhUla jAtA hai ki jisa saDakapara meM moTara calA rahA huuN| usapara kucha anya prANI bhI cala rahe hai, jo merI moTarase dabakara mara sakate hai / use apane jIvanakI va apane sukha cainakI to cintA hai

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160 jainadharma kintu dUsarokI nhii| mujhe svAdiSTase svAdiSTa padArtha khAneko milane cAhiye cAhe dUsaroko sUkhA kaura bhI na mile / mere khajAneme bekAra sone-cA~dIkA Dhera lagA rahanA cAhiye cAhe dUsaroke tanapara phaTA cIthaDA bhI na ho| merI sAhUkArI saikaDoko garIva vanAtI hai to mujhe kyA? mere bhogavilAsake nimittase dUsaroke prANoMpara vana AtI hai to mujhe kyA hamAre sAmrAjyavAdakI cakkIme dezakA deza pisa rahA hai to hameM kyA? vyakti, samAja aura rASTrakI ye bhAvanAeM hI dUsare vyaktiyo, samAjo aura rASTrokA nirdalana kara rahI hai| inake kAraNa kisIko bhI sukhasAtA nahIM hai| parasparame avizvAsakI tIna bhAvanA rAta dina Akula karatI rahatI hai| saba avasarakI pratIkSAmeM rahate hai ki kaba dUsarekA galA dabocA jaay| ye saba hiMsaka manovRttikA hI duSpariNAma hai jo vizvako bhoganA par3a rahA hai| isase bacanekA eka hI upAya hai aura vaha hai 'jiyo aura jIne do' kA maMtra / usake vinA vizvame zAnti nahIM ho sktii| , kucha loga ahiMsAko kAyaratAkI jananI samajhate hai aura kucha use acchI mAnakara bhI mazakya samajhate hai| unakA aisA khyAla hai ki ahisA hai to acchI cIja magara vaha pAlI nahIM jA sktii| ye dono hI khyAla galata hai| na ahiMsA kAyaratAko paidA karatI hai aura na vaha aisI hI hai ki usakA pAlana karanA azakya ho| ahiMsApara gaharA vicAra na karanese hI aisI dhAraNA banA lI gaI hai| hiMsA na karaneko ahiMsA kahate hai| kintu apane dvArA kisI prANIke mara jAnese yA duHkhI ho jAnese hI hiMsA nahIM hotii| sasArameM sarvatra jIva pAye jAte hai aura ve apane nimittase marate bhI rahate hai phira bhI jainadharmake anusAra ise tabataka hiMsA nahIM kahA jA sakatA jabataka apane hisArUpa pariNAma na ho / vAstavameM hisArUpa pariNAma hI hiMsA hai| arthAt jabataka hama pramAdI aura ayatnAcArI na ho tabataka kisIkA ghAta ho jAna amAvase hama hiMsaka nahI kahalAye jA skte|

Page #169
cAritra Azaya yaha hai ki hiMsA do prakArase hotI hai eka kaSAyase arthAta jAnabUjhakara aura dUsare ayatnAcAra yA asaavdhaaniise| jaba eka manuSya krodha, mAna , mAyA yA lobhake vaza dUsare manuSyapara vAra karatA hai to vaha hiMsA kaSAyase kahI jAtI hai aura jaba manuSyakI vidhAnatA kisIkA pAta ho jAtA hai yA kisIko kaSTa pahuMcatA hai to vaha ha. ayatnAcArase kahI jAtI hai| kintu yadi koI manuSya dekha bhAlakara apanA kArya kara rahA hai aura usa samaya usake cittama kisIko 15 pahu~cAne kA bhI bhAva nahIM hai, phira bhI yadi usake dvArA kisIko 456 pahuMcatA hai yA kisIkA ghAta ho jAtA hai to vaha hiMsaka nahIM kahA ja sktaa| isI vAtako spaSTa karate hue zAstrakArone likhA hai "uccAlidammi pAde iriyAsamidassa pigmtttthaanne| AvAdejja kuliMgo marejja ta jogamAsejja / Na hi tassa taNimitto badho suhamo vi desido smye|" -pravaca0 pR0 262 / arthAt 'jo manuSya Age dekha bhAlakara rAstA cala rahA hai usake paira uThAnepara agara koI jIva pairake nIce A jAve aura kucalakara mara jAve to usa manuSyako usa jIvake marane kA thor3A sA bhI pApa Agamame nahIM khaa|' kintu yadi koI manuSya asAvadhAnatAse kArya kara rahA hai use isa bAtakI bilkula paravAha nahIM hai ki usake isa kAryase kisIko hAni pahu~ca sakatI hai yA kisIke prANoMpara bana A sakatI hai, aura usake dvArA usa samaya kisIko koI hAni pahuMca bhI nahIM rahI ho, phira bhI vaha hiMsAke pApakA bhAgI hai 'maradu va jIvadu jIvo ajadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payadassa patthivadho hiMsAmetteNa samidassa // 17 // --prvc03| arthAt-'jIva cAhe jiye cAhe mare, asAvadhAnatAse kAma karanevAleko hiMsAkA pApa avazya lagatA hai| kintu jo sAvadhAnIse kAma kara rahA hai use prANivaghaho jAnepara bhI hiMsAkA pApa nahI lgtaa|'

Page #170
naparna ahiMsAkI isa vyAkhyAne janunAra apanene kinI jIvavA ghAta ho jAne yA kinake dumI ho jAnepara bhI tabataka hinA nahIM bahalAtI navatA apane bhAva use mArane yA dusI karaneke na ho, athavA hama apanA kArya karate hue anAvadhAna na ho / kintu yadi hamAre bhAva visIko Arane yA kaSTa pahuMcAne ke ho, parantu prayatna karane bhI hama usa kucha bhI aniSTa nahI kara sakeM, taba bhI hama nahI samajhe jaayeNge| yoki jo dUsaroMkA burA karanA cAhatA hai vaha sabase pahale apanA burA karatA hai / jaisA ki kahA hai qlasangicanlarimi 'svayamevAtmanA''tmAnaM hinasyAtmA pramAdavAn / pUrva prApyantarANA tu pazcAd syAdvA na vA vaya // 0 0 209 // arthAt - 'pramAdI manuSya pahale apane dvArA apanA hI ghAta karatA 162 pIche dUsare prANiyokA ghAta ho yA na ho / ' " asalama jainadharmame hiMsAko do bhAgoM meM voTa diyA gayA haivyahitA aura bhAvahatA / jaba kinIko mArane yA manAne athavA sAvavAnatAkA bhAva na honepara bhI dUsarekA ghAta ho jAtA hai taba use dravyahasA kahate hai aura jaba kisIko mArane yA satAne athavA pasAvadhAnatAkA bhAva hotA hai taba use bhAvahatA kahate hai / vAstavameM hAhI hiMsA hai / dravyahitAko to kevala isaliye hitA kahA ki usakA bhAvahatA ke sAtha sambandha hai / kintu dravyahasAke honepara mAtA anivArya nahI hai, arthAt jisa nAdamIke dvArA kisIkA rAta ho jAtA hai yA kisIko kaSTa pahu~catA hai usa AdamIkA irAdA hI aisA karanekA thA aisA ekAntarUpase nahI kahA jA sakatA / ata. jahA~ kartAke bhAvoM meM hiMsA hai vahI hiMsA hai, usake dvArA koI mArA jAya yA na mArA jAye / aura jahA~ kartA ke bhAvoMmeM hitA nahI hai vahA~ hiMsA bhI nahI hai, bhale hI usake nimittate kisIkI jAna calI jAye / agara dravyahasA aura bhAvahiMsAko isa prakAra alaga na kiyA gayA hotA to koI bhI ahiMsaka na vana sakatA aura yaha zaMkA barAbara khar3I rahatI

Page #171
cAritra 'jale jantu sthale janturAkAze jantureva c| jantumAlAkule loke kaya bhikSurahiMsaka // ' 'jalame jatu hai, sthalame jatu hai aura AkAzame bhI jatu hai| isa taraha java samasta loka jantuose bharA huA hai to koI muni kaise ahiMsaka, ho sakatA hai ? isa gaMkA kA uttara isa prakAra diyA hai 'sUkSmA na pratipIDayanta prANina. sthUlamUrtaya / ye zakyAste vivaya'nte kA hiMsA sayatAtmana. // ' / 'jIva do prakArake hai sUkSma aura vAdara yaasthuul| jo jIva sUkSma arthAt adRzya hote hai aura na to kisIse rukate hai aura na kisIko rokate hai, unhe to koI pIDAdI hI nahI jA sktii| rahe sthUla jiiv,| unameM jinakI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai unakI kI jAtI hai| ataH jisane, apaneko saMyata kara liyA hai use hiMsAkA pApa kaise laga sakatA hai?' isase spaSTa hai ki jo manuSya jIvokI hiMsA karaneke bhAva nahI rakhatA balki unake bacAnake bhAva rakhatA hai aura apanA pratyeka kAma aisI sAvadhAnIse karatA hai ki usase kisIko bhI kaSTa na pahuMca ske| usake dvArA jo dravyahiMsA ho jAtI hai usakA pApa use nahIM lgtaa| ataH jainadharmakI ahiMsA bhAvoke Upara nirbhara hai aura isaliye koI / bhI samajhadAra use avyavahArya nahIM kaha sktaa| manuSyase yaha AzA / kI jAtI hai ki vaha apane svArthake pIche kisI bhI anya jIvako satAne-1 ke bhAva cittame na Ane de aura apanA jIvana nirvAha isa tarIkese kare ki usase kamase kama jIvokA kamase kama ahita hotA ho| jo manuSya isa tarahakI sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai vaha ahiMsaka hai| ahiMsAko vyavahArya banAneke liye jaise hiMsAke dravyahiMsA aura / bhAvahiMsA bheda kiye gaye hai, vaise hI ahiMsAke bhI aneka bheda kiye| gaye haiN| sabase prathama to gRhastha aura sAdhukI apekSAse ahiMsA do bhAgome vA~Ta dI gaI hai| gRhasthakI ahiMsAkI sImA judI hai aura sAdhukI ahiMsAkI sImA judI hai / jo ekake liye vyavahArya hai vahI dUsareke liye

Page #172
2164 jainadharma avyavahArya hai, kyoki donoMke pada aura uttaradAyitva vibhinna hai / dUsare, gRhasthakI dRSTise bhI usake aneka prabheda kiye gaye hai| yadi una pImAo aura bheda prabhedoko bhI dRSTime rakhakara jainI ahiMsAko dekhA jAye to hame vizvAsa hai ki usapara avyAvahArikatAkA doSAropaNa nahI kiyA jA skegaa| gRhasthakI ahiMsA hiMsA cAra prakArakI hotI hai-saMkalpI, udyogI, ArambhI maura virodhI / binA aparAdhake jAna bUjhakara kisI jIvakA vadha karaneko saMkalpI hiMsA kahate hai / jaise, kasAI pazuvadha karatA hai / jIvana nirvAhake liye vyApAra khetI Adi karane, kala kArakhAne calAna sthA senAmeM naukara hokara yuddha karane Adime jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai use udyogI hiMsA kahate hai| sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI bhojana Adi inAneme jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai use ArambhI hiMsA kahate hai / aura prapanI yA dUsaroMkI rakSAke liye jo hiMsA karanI paDatI hai use virodhI haMsA kahate hai| ___jainadharmameM sava saMsArI jIvoko do bhedome bAMTA gayA hai eka sthAvara aura dUsarA trs| jainadharmake anusAra manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kIDe, makoI Adika atirikta pRthvI, jala, agni, vAya aura vanaspatimeM bhI jIva hai| miTTIme kIr3e Adi jIva to hai hI, parantu miTTIkA DhelA svaya pRthvIkAyika jIvake zarIrakA piNDa hai| isI taraha jalavindumeM yatroka dvArA dikhAI denevAle aneka jIvoke atirikta vaha svaya jalakAyika jIvake zarIrakA piNDa hai| aise hI agni Adike sambandhame bhI samajhanA cAhiye / ina jIvoko sthAvara jIva kahate hai| aura jo jIva calataM phirate dikhAI dete hai, jaise manuSya, paza, pakSI, kIDe, makoDe vagairaha, ve saba sa kahe jAte hai / ina donoM prakArake jIvoMmeMse gRhastha sthAvara jIvokI rakSAkA to yathAzakti prayatna karatA hai, aura vinA jarUrata na pRthvI khodatA hai, na jalako kharAva karatA hai, na Aga jalAtA hai|

Page #173
cAritra 165 1 na havA karatA hai aura na harI sAga sabjIko yA vRkSoMko kATatA hai / tathA trasa jIvoMkI kevala sakalpI hiMsAkA tyAga karatA hai / isa dIpa hiMsAkA tyAga kara denese usake sAsArika jIvanameM koI kaThinAI e upasthita nahI hotI, kyoki sakalpI hiMsA mnovinodkech| liye yA dUsaroMko mArakara usake mA~sakA bhakSaNa karaneke liye kI jAta ha | kheda hai ki manuSya 'jio aura jIne do' ke siddhAntako bhulAkara dilabahalAva ke liye jaMgalame nirdvanda vicaraNa karanevAle pazu pakSiyokA'ca zikAra khelatA hai aura unake mA~sase apanA peTa bharatA hai| yadi manuSya aisA karanA chor3a de to usase usakI jIvanayAtrAme koI kaThinAI upasthita nahI hotI / manuSyake dilabahalAvake sAdhanokI kamI nahI | hai aura peTa bharaneke liye pRthvI se anna aura harI sAga sabjI upajAI ja 2 sakatI hai jisase taraha tarahake svAdiSTa bhojana taiyAra ho sakate hai / hai Ajake yugame vaijJAnika sAdhanose saba jagaha khAdyAnna upajAyA jA sakatA - hai aura anAvazyaka jAnavarokI paidAyazako bhI rokA jA sakatA hai | ha yadi manuSya yaha sakalpa karale ki hama apane liye kisI jIvakI hatyA na karege to vaha dUsarI dizAme aura bhI adhika unnati kara sakatA hai| la . t phira mAMsAhAra manuSyakA prAkRtika bhojana bhI nahI hai, usake ' dA~to aura tokI banAvaTa isakA sAkSI hai / na mA~sAhArase vaha bala / aura zakti hI prApta hotI hai jo ghI, dUdha aura phalAhArase prApta hotI hai / isake sivA mAMsAhAra tAmasika hai, usase manuSyakI sAtvika vRttiyokA ghAta hotA hai| isake viSayame kAphI likhA jA sakatA hai kintu yahA~ usake liye utanA sthAna nahI hai| isI taraha zikAra khelanA bhI manuSyakI nRzasatA hai / vyAghra vagairaha hiMsaka pazu bhI tabhI dUsare jAnavaroMpara AkramaNa karate hai jaba unhe bhUkha satAtI hai| kintu manuSya unase bhI gayA vItA hai, jo Darase bhAgate hue pazuoMke pIche ghoDA daur3Akara aura vANa yA vandUkakI golI se unako bhUnakara apanA dila bahalAtA hai / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki zikAra khelanese vIratA >

Page #174
166 jainadharma AtI hai, isaliye mRgayA karanA kSatriyakA kartavya hai / unhoMne zAyada krUratA aura nirdayatAko hI vIratA samajhA hai / kintu vIratA Antarika zaurya hai jo tejasvI puruSome samaya samayapara anyAya va atyAcArakA damana karaneke liye prakaTa hotI hai / Darakara bhAgate hue mUka pazuoke jIvanake sAtha holI khelanA zUravIratA nahI hai, kAyaratA hai / jo aisA karate hai, ve prAya kAyara hote hai| isakA pratyakSa udAharaNa hamane hindU muslima dageke samaya vanArasame dekhA / hamAre muhAlame adhikatara vastI mallAhoMkI hai / ve itane krUra hote hai ki bar3e bar3e ghaDiyAloko pakar3akara sAga sabjIkI taraha kATa DAlate hai, aura khA jAte haiM / kintu hindU muslima dageke samaya unakI kAyaratA dayanIya thii| apanI nAMvoM meM baiTha baiThakara saba usa pAra bhAga gaye the aura jo zeSa the ve bhI jaina vidyArthiyose apanI rakSA karanekI prArthanA kiyA karate the / ata mAMsAhAra yA zikAra khelanese zUravIratAkA koI sambandha nahI hai / isaliye inase bacanA cAhiye / I isI taraha dharmaM samajhakara devIke sAmane bakaroM, bhaiMso aura sUkaroMkA balidAna karanA bhI eka prakArakI mUDhatA aura nRzasatA hai / isase devI prasanna nahI hotI / dharmArAdhanake sthAnoMko bUcaDakhAnA banAnA zobhA nahI detA / ata. sabase pahale gRhasthako dharmake liye, peTake liye aura dilabahalAvake liye kisI bhI prANIkA ghAta nahI karanA cAhiye / kucha loga kahate hai ki jaba jainadharmake anusAra jala tathA vanaspati vagairaha bhI jIvoMkA kalevara hI hai, taba nirAmiSa bhojiyoMko vanaspati vagairaha bhI nahI khAnA cAhiye / parantu jo saptadhAtu yukta kalevara hotA hai usakI hI mA~sa sajJA hai / vanaspatine saptadhAtu nahI pAI jAtI / ata usakI mA~sa saMjJA nahI hai / isI taraha kucha loga svaya mare hue prANI ke mA~sa khAneme doSa nahI btlaate| yaha satya hai ki jisa prANIkA vaha mA~sa hai, use mArA nahI gayA / kintu eka to mAMsameM tatkAla aneka sUkSma jIvoMkI utpatti ho jAtI hai, dUsare mA~sa bhakSaNase

Page #175
cAritra jo burAiyAM utpanna hotI hai, unase manuSya kabhI bhI nahIM baca sakatA / kahA bhI hai'mAMsAsvAdanalubdhasya dehino dehina prati / hantu pravartate vRddhiH zakunya iva dudhiyH||27|| --yogazA0 / arthAt-'jisako mAMsa khAnekA casakA par3a jAtA hai, usa prANIkI buddhi duSTa pakSiyoke samAna dUsare prANiyoMko mArane lagatI hai|' ___ Aja mAMsa bhakSaNakA bahuta pracAra hai usakA hI yaha phala hai ni... apane svArthake pIche manuSya manuSyakA duzmana banA huA hai / ekaka dUsarekA vadha karate hue jarA bhI sakoca nahIM hotaa| ata isase vacana caahiye| isa taraha gRhasthako basa jIvoMkI sakalpI hiMsAkA tyAga jarUra karanA cAhiye / ava raha jAtI hai, udyogI ArambhI aura virodha hiMsA / eka nIcI zreNIke gRhastha ke liye inakA tyAga karanA zakya nahIM hai, kyoki use apane aura apane kuTumviyoMke bharaNa-poSaNaka liye koI na koI udyoga aura kucha na kucha Arambha avazya karanA par3atA hai, usake vinA usakA nirvAha nahI ho sktaa| kintu use aisA hI udyoga aura Arambha karanA cAhiye jisameM dUsare prANiyoMkA kamase kama kaSTa pahuMcanekI sabhAvanA ho| isI taraha virodhI hiMsAse bhI gRhastha nahIM baca sakatA / yadyapi vaha svaya kisIse akAraNa virodha paidA nahIM karatA, kintu yadi koi usapara AkramaNa kare tA usase vacaneke liye vaha barAbara prayatna kregaa| AkramaNakArIkA sAmanA na karake Darakara gharameM chipa jAnA ahiMsAkI nizAnI nahI hai isa mAnasika hiMsAse to pratyakSa hiMsA kahI acchI hai| jainazAstrameM to spaSTa likhA hai'nApi spaSTaH sudRSTirya. sa saptabhi bhayarmanAka / ---pnycaadhyaayo| ' 'jainadharmakA jo saccA zraddhAnI hai vaha sAta prakArake bhayose sarvathA achUtA rahatA hai|

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168 jainadharma jainadharmake sabhI tIrthaGkara kSatriyavazI the| unhone apane jIvaname aneka digvijaye kI thii| maurya-samrATa candragupta, mahAmeghavAhana samrATa khAravela, vIra senApati cAmuNDarAya Adi jaina vIra yoddhA to bhAratIya itihAsake ujjvala ratna hai| vastuta jainadharma una kSatriyokA dharma thA jo yaddhasthalameM duzmanakA sAmanA talavArase karanA jAnate the aura use tamA karanA bhI jAnate the| jaina kSatriyoke liye Adeza hai "ya. zastravRtti samare ripu syAd ya kaNTako vA nijmnnddlsy| astrANi tatraiva napA. kSipanti na diinkaaniinshubhaashyessu||" yazastilaka. pR0 66 'astra zastrase susajjita hokara yuddhabhUmime jo zatru banakara AyA te, yA apane dezakA duzmana ho usIpara rAjAgaNa astraprahAra karate , kamajora, nihatthe kAyaro aura sadAzayI purupo para nhiiN|' yahI janI rAjanIti hai| ata jo loga ahiMsA dharmapara kAyaratAlAJchana lagAte hai, ve bhramame hai| ahiMtAme to kAyaratAke liye thAna hI nahIM hai| ahiMsAkA to pahalA pATha hI nirbhayatA hai| nirbhayatA aura kAyaratA eka hI sthAname nahI raha sktii| zaurya AtmAkA eka Na hai, jaba vaha AtmAke hI dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha ahiMsA halAtA hai aura jaba vaha garIrake dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai tava ritaa| janadharmakI ahiMsA yA to vIratAkA pATha paDhAtI hai yA kSamATI ApattikAlame gRhasthakA kartavya batalAte hue eka jainAcAryane ukhA hai "aryAdanyattamasyoccaddiSTeSu sa dRSTimAn / satsu ghoropasargeSu, tatpara syAttadatyayaM // 12 // yadvA na hyAtmasAmayaM yAvanmatrAsikozakam / tAvad dRSTa ca zrotuM ca tadvAghA sahate na s.813||"-pnycaadhyaa0 / arthAt-'dharmake Ayatana jina mandira, jina vimva Adimate sIpara bhI Apatti A jAnepara sacce jainIko use dUra karaneke liye dA tatpara rahanA cAhiye / athavA jabataka usake pAsa Atmabala,

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166 caahiye| ataH yamakA anuyAyI mAna yuddha nahIM kara maMtravala, talavArakA vala aura dhanavala hai, tabataka vaha usa Apattiko 1 na to dekha hI sakatA hai aura na suna hI sakatA hai|' ____ jo kucha dharmapara AI huI Apattike pratIkArake bAreme kahA gayA e hai vahI dezapara AI huI Apattike vAreme bhI samajhanA cAhiye / atH| jo loga aisA samajhate haiM ki jainadharmakA anuyAyI senAme bhartI nahIM hose sakatA yA yuddha nahIM kara sakatA, ve bhramame hai| Ajakala jainadharmako . mAnanevAle adhikAMza vaizya hai| aura sadiyoMkI dAsatA aura utpIDananeca unheM bhI kAyara aura Darapoka vanA diyA hai| yaha ahiMsAdharmakA doSa nahI hai| javataka bhAratapara ahiMsAdharmI jainokA rAjya rahA tavataka bhArata gulAma nahIM ho skaa| ve maranA jAnate the aura samayapara mAranA bhI jAnate the kintu raNase vimukha hokara bhAganA nahI jAnate the| prANore mohase kartavyacyuta honA to sabase bar3I hiMsA hai| eka bAra eka lekhakane gItAme pratipAdita arjuna vyAmohake sambanvameM likhA thA--"arjunakA Adarza anAryokA-bauddha auraha nokA mArga hai / vaha AryokA-hindU jAtikA Adarza kadApi nhii| hai| hindU-jAti aise jhUThe ahiMsAke Adarzako nahI maantii|" hama nahI samajhate lekhakane isa Adarzako jainokA Adarza kaise samajha liyA?, gItAse spaSTa hai ki arjuna hiMsAke bhayase yuddhase virata nahI ho rahA 4 kintu apane banyu vAndhavoM aura kulakA vinAza use kartavyacyuta kara rahA thaa| arjunake hRdayameM ahiMsAkI jyoti nahI jhalakI thI, jisameM prakAzame manuSya prANimAtrako apanA vandhu aura saMsArako apanA kucha mAnatA hai, usake hRdayameM to kuTumba mohane apanA sAmrAjya jamA liyA thaa| ata vaha ahiMsAkA Adarza nahI thaa| ahiMsA kartavyacyuta nahIM karatI, kintu kartavya aura akartavyakA bodha karAkara akartavyase bacAta hai aura kartavyapara dRDha karatI hai| ata. ahiMsA na avyavahArya hai aura na kAyaratA aura nivalatAkI jananI hai| usakI maryAdA, vyAsya aura zaktise jo paricita hai vaha aisA kahanekA sAhasa nahI kara sakatA,

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172 jainadharma hsA to eka gRhasyake liye aparihArya hai, kintu gRhasthako aisA air karanA cAhiye jisameM jIvadhAta kamase kama ho, aura utanA udyoga karanA cAhiye jitanese usakA nirvAha bakhUbI ho sakatA ho, yoMki jo gRhastha thor3e bArambha aura thor3I parigrahame santuSTa rahatA . vahI ahiMsA aNuvratako pAla sakatA hai| jise rAtadina dhanako cintA satAtI rahatI hai, jo rAta dina naye naye kala kArakhAne kholakara nisaMgraha karaneme tatpara rahatA hai aura apane karmacAriyoM aura naukaroMko kamase kama dekara unase adhika se adhika kAma karAtA hai, nyAya aura anyAyakA kataI vicAra nahI karatA, vaha kyA khAka ahiMsAko pAla katA hai ? ahiMsA santoSIke liye hai, asantoSI kabhI ahiMsaka ho nahI sakatA / gRhasthakA yaha kartavya batalAyA hai ki vaha apane zritoM aura yathAzakti anAzritoko bhI pahale bhojana karAkara taba vayaM bhojana kre| jo santoSI hogA vahI aisA kara sakatA hai / santoSI to pahale apanA peTa ho nahI, kintu apane bhaNDArako bharanekI cintA karegA, usakI dRSTime to AzritokI cintA karanA hI bekAra [ / vaha samajhatA hai ki maine molabhAva karake unheM rakhA hai, hara mahIne unhe usake anusAra vetana de diyA jAtA hai / utanameM unakA aura unake baccoMkA peTa bhare yA na bhre| itaneme yadi ve kAma nahI karanA hate hoM to na kareM hama dUsare AdamI rakha lege| vAjArameM AdamiyoMkI kamI nahI hai / aise vicAravAlA manuSya korA vyApArI hai kintu ahiMsaka vyApArI nahI hai | ahisaka vyApArI to vaha hai jo apanI hI taraha apane AzritoMkI bhI cintA karatA hai aura unake Upara jora julma na karake unheM samayapara bharapeTa bhojana detA hai aura utanA hI kAma letA jitanA ve kara sakate hoN| yaha bAta apane Azrita manuSyoM aura pagunI donoMke sambandhame samAnarUpase lAgU hotI hai / jaina zAstrakAroMne ahiMsA aNuvrata pA~ca doSa batalAye hai aura unase bacate rahaneko tAkIda kI / ve doSa isa prakAra hai 1. bure irAde se manuSya aura pazuoMko rassI vagairahase vA~dhanA /

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cAritra 17 nokara cAkaroko to gusseme Akara mAlika loga ba~dhavA DAlate hai kintu pAlatU pazu to vinA bA~dhe raha nahI sakate / isaliye unako isa tarahase bA~dhanA cAhiye ki yadi kabhI gharame Aga laga jAye to ve bandhana chur3Akara bhAga sake / 2. krUratA pUrvaka DaNDe yA koDese pITanA / 3. nirdaya hokara hAtha, paira, kAna, nAka vagairahakA kATa DAlanA, kintu yadi kisI pazu yA manuSyake zarIrakA koI avayava sar3a gayA hai yA zarIrame phoDA ho gayA ho to usake kATane yA cIraneme koI do nahI hai / 4. gusseme Akara yA lobhase manuSya yA pazuke Upara usaka zaktise jyAdA bojhA lAdanA yA zaktise adhika kAma lenA / zrAvaka cAhiye ki manuSya jitanA vojhA svayaM uThAkara le jA sake aura utA kara nIce rakha sake utanA hI bojhA usase uThavAye aura rakhavAye isI taraha caupAyA jitanA bojhA lAdakara acchI taraha cala sake utana hI usapara lAde / usame bhI samayakA dhyAna avazya rakhe / ucita sama taka hI unase kAma lenA cAhiye / yadi zrAvaka khetI karatA ho to ha aura gADI vagairahame bailoko samayase jote aura samayase khola de zakti se adhika kAma lenA bhI hiMsA hI hai / 5. bhUkha pyAsa se pIDita prANI mara bhI jAtA hai isali khAnA kisIkA bhI na rokanA cAhiye / yadi kisIne aparAdha kiyA ha to use DATaneke liye muMhase yaha cAhe kaha de ki Aja tujhe bhojana nahIM milegA, kintu bhojanakA samaya Anepara to niyamase dUsaroko khilAka ' hI svayaM khAnA cAhiye / hA~, yadi koI apanA Azrita bImAra ho usane svaya hI upavAsa kiyA ho to bAta dUsarI hai / ata. zrAvakako i bAtakA barAbara dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki ahiMsAvratame doSa na Ane pAye yadi asAvratI zrAvaka apane AzritoM ke sAtha aisA premama vyavahAra rakhe to use isase Arthika dRSTise bhI lAbha hI rahegA, kyoi

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117274 jainadharma isa mamaya vyavahArase karmacArIgaNa usake kAmako apanA samajhakara dila gAkara kAma kareMge aura usake hAni-lAbhako apanA hAni-lAbha nege / isa tarahase ahiMsAmUlaka vyavahAra svArtha aura paramArtha dono yo dRSTise lAbhadAyaka hai / yadi jamIdAra aura milamAlika apane vAzrita kisAno aura majadUroM ke sAtha aisA hI premamaya vyavahAra karate banAte to Aja una dono ke bIcame jo khIcAtAnI calatI rahatI hai vaha niratanA kaTurUpa dhAraNa na karatI aura na jamIdArI aura kala kArakhAnopara mArakArI niyatraNakI bAta hI paidA hotI / astu / nya ki rAtribhojana aura jalagAlana mA tvara nisa cira unna sA ahiMsAvratI zrAvakako rAtame bhojana nahI karanA cAhiye aura nI bhI kapar3e se chAnakara kAmame lenA cAhiye / rAtameM bhojana karaneke SpariNAma prAya samAcArapatrome prakaTa hote rahate hai | kahI cAyakI TalI meM chipakalIke cura jAneke kAraNa cAya pInevAle manuSyoMkA maraNa nane AtA hai, kabhI kisI dAvatame pakate hue barataname sA~pake gha jAneke kAraNa manuSyoMkA maraNa sunanemeM AtA hai / prativarSa isa rahakI do cAra ghaTanAeM ghaTatI rahatI hai, magara phira bhI manuSyoM kI A~kheM hI khulatI / bhojana hamezA dinake prakAzameM hI dekha bhAlakara karanA hiye| rAtrime tejase teja prakAzakA pravandha honepara bhI eka to utanA kaSTa dikhalAI nahI detA, jitanA diname dikhalAI detA hai / dUsare, ke prakAzameM jo jIva jantu idhara udhara jA chipate hai, rAtri hote hI saba apane apane khAdyakI khojame nikala par3ate hai, kRtrima prakAza he roka nahI sakatA, valki adhika teja prakAzase patage vagairaha aura - adhika Ate hai / khAnevAlA bhojana karatA jAtA hai aura patage Tapa Tapa girate rahate hai| rAtriko halavAIkI dUkAnapara jAkara / nIce bhaTTIpara dUdhakI kaDAhI caDhI hotI hai aura Upara bijalIke svapara patage maMDarAte rahate hai aura kar3AhIme gira girakara pInevAloke 'liye lAIkA lacchA banAnekA kAma karate rahate hai / pAsa hI chipakalI pi cha raha mahAra

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cArina 175 unake zikArake liye lapakatI rahatI hai, jo kabhI-kabhI dUdhame bhI jA' par3atI hai| eka bAra isI tarahake dUdhako jamA diyA gyaa| subahako jisane usa dUdhake dahIkI lassI pI usIkI hAlata kharAba ho gii| pIche dahIke kuMDame nIce chipakalI marI huI pAi gii| yadi bhojnmeN| jUMkhA lI jAye to jalodara roga ho jAtA hai aura makaDI khA lI jAye, to kucha ho jAtA hai| tathA vaidyakazAstrake anusAra bhI bhojana karaneke tIna ghaTeke pazcAt jaba khAye hue bhojanakA paripAka hone lage tavana gayyApara sonekA vidhAna hai| jo loga rAtrime bhojana karate hai| ve prAya. bhojana karake par3a rahate hai aura viSayabhogame laga jAte hai| isase svAsthyakI baDI hAni hotI hai| ata. nIrogatAkI dRpTise bhI.. diname hI bhojana karanA hitakara hai| isI taraha pAnI bhI hamezA chAnakara hI kAmame lAnA caahiye| vinA chane pAnIme yadi kIDe hoM to ve peTame jAkara aneka sakrAmaka roga paidA karate hai| jaba haijA vagairaha phailA hotA hai taba pAnIko pakAkara pInekI salAha dI jAtI hai| vAstavameM pakA huA pAnI kabhI bhI vikAsa nahIM krtaa| jaina sAdhu pakA pAnI hI kAmame lAte hai| kintu jaina gRhasthoMko pake pAnIkA to niyama nahIM karAyA jAtA, kintu chane, pAnIkA niyama karAyA jAtA hai| anachane pAnIse chanA pAnI sApha hotA hai aura chane pAnIse pakA pAnI zuddha hotA hai| Ajakala to jgh| jagaha nala lage hue hai| kintu naloMkA pAnI bhI chAnakara hI kAmame. lenA cAhiye, kyoki naloMke pAnIme bhI jaga miTTI vagairaha milI AtI hai, jo kapar3epara jama jAtI hai| eka bAra to eka sA~pakA baccA, kahIse nalame A gayA thaa| ata. cAhe nalakA pAnI ho yA kuekA ho yA nadIkA ho, savako chAnakara hI kAmame lenA gahiye / isase hama aneka rogoM aura kaSToMse vaca jAte hai / eka bAra samAcArapatrame murAdAbAda jilekI eka ghaTanA prakAzita huI thii| eka lar3akA rAtako khATake nIce pAnI rakhakara so gyaa| usame vicchu gira gyaa| acAnaka

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176 janadhama ukeko rAtameM pyAsa lagI aura usane vinA dekhe hI gilAsa uThAkara hase lagA liyaa| vicchu usake muMhame calA gayA aura usake halakame capaTa kara Daka mArane lgaa| laDakA tilamilA utthaa| bahuta upacAra kayA gayA magara vicchU chur3AyA na jA skaa| Akhira laDakene taDapha taDapha kara jAna de dI / aisI Akasmika durghaTanAose zikSA lenA vAhiye aura rAtribhojana tathA vinA chane pAnIse bacanA cAhiye / vAmika viSayomeM kevala dharmakI hI maryAdA nahIM hai, unameM vyakti aura samAjakA sAmUhika hita bhI chipA huA hai| 2. satyANuvrata - jo vastu jaisI dekhI ho yA sunI ho, usako vaisA hI na kahanA lokameM asatya kahalAtA hai| parantu jainadharmame satya svaya koI svatantra nata nahIM hai, kintu ahiMsAvatakI rakSA karanA hI usakA lakSya hai| isaliye jainadharmameM jo vacana dUsaroko kaSTa pahuMcAneke uddezyase bolA hajAtA hai vaha satya honepara bhI asatya kahalAtA hai| jaise, kAne purupako cukAnA kahanA yadyapi satya hai, kintu yadi usase usa manupyake dilako coTa pahuMcatI hai, yA yadi use coTa pahuMcAneke vicArase kAnA kahA - jAtA hai to vaha asatyameM hI ginA jaayegaa| isI dRSTise yadi satya bolanese kisIke prANopara sakaTa bana AtA ho to usa avasthAme satya bolanA bhI burA kahA jaayegaa| kintu aise samayameM asatya volakara kisIke prANokI rakSA karanese yadi usake julma aura atyAcArose dUsaroMke prANoMpara sakaTa AnekI saMbhAvanA ho to ukta niyamame apavAda bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoki yadyapi vyaktike jIvanakI rakSA iSTa hai, / kintu vyaktike julma aura atyAcAroko rakSA kisI bhI avasthAmeM iSTa nahI hai| aura atyAcAroMke parizodhake liye vyakti yA vyaktiyoMkI jAna le lenekI apekSA unakA sudhAra kara denA ati uttama hai, kintu / yadi yaha zakya na ho to anyAya aura atyAcArako sahAyatA denA to kabhI bhI ucita nahIM hai| magara vyakti sudhara sakatA hai aura isaliye

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cAritra 177 use avasara avazya denA cAhiye / prANarakSAke liye asatya bolaneke mUlame yahI bhAva hai| - asatya vacanake aneka bheda hai, jaise-1-manuSyake viSayame jhUTha bolnaa| zAdI vivAhake avasaroMpara virodhiyoke dvArA isa tarahake jhUTha bolanekA prAyaH calana hai| virodhI loga vivAha na hone deneke liye kisIkI kanyAko dUpaNa lagA dete hai, kisIke laDakeme burAiyAM vatalA dete hai| 2-caupAyoMke viSayame jhUTha bolanA / jaise, thor3A dUdha denevAlI gAyako bahuta dUdha danevAlI batalAnA yA bahuta dUdha denevAlI gAyako thor3A dUdha denevAlI batalAnA / 3-acetana vastuoMke viSayame jhUTha volnaa| jaise, dUsarekI jamInako apanI batalAnA yA Taiksa vagairahase vacaneke liye apanI jamInako dUsarekI btlaanaa| 4-lAcake lobhase yAI honese kisI saccI ghaTanAke viruddha gavAhI denaa| 5-apane pAsa rakhI huI kittIkI dharoharake samvandhame asatya bolnaa| ye aura isa tarahake anya jhUTha vacana gRhasthako nahIM bolanA caahiye| inase manuSyakA vizvAsa jAtA rahatA hai aura anAcArako bhI protsAhana milatA hai, tathA jinake viSayameM jhUTha bolA gayA hai unhe dukha pahuMcatA hai aura ve jIvanake vairI bana jAte hai| jo loga kAravAra rujagArame adhika jhUTha bolate hai aura saccA vyavahAra nahIM rakhate, bAjArame / unakI sAkha jAtI rahatI hai| loga unheM jhUThA samajhane lagate hai aura unase lena dena taka banda kara dete hai|| vahutase loga jhUTha bolanekI Adata na honepara bhI kabhI kabhI krodha Akara jhUTha bola jAte hai, kucha loga lobhameM phaMsakara jhUTha bola jAte hai, kucha loga pulisa vagairahake Darase jhUTha bola jAte hai aura kucha loga hasI majAkame jhUTha bola jAte hai / ata. satyavAdIko krodha, lAlaca aura bhayase bhI bacanA cAhiye aura haMsI majAkake samaya to ekadama sAvadhAna rahanA cAhiye; kyoki haMsI majAkameM jhUTha bolanese lAbha to kucha bhI nahI hotA, ulTe jhagar3A TaMTA bar3ha jAnekA hI bhaya rahatA hai aura Adata bhI vigar3atI hai|

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3. acauryANavata jo manuSya curAnake abhiprAyase dUsarekI eka tRNa mAtra vstuko| bhI le letA hai yA uThAkara dUsareko de detA hai vaha cora hai, aura jo isa tarahakI corIkA tyAga kara detA hai vaha zrAvaka acauryANuatI kahA jAtA hai| kintu jo vastue~ sarvasAdhAraNake upayogake liye haiM, jaise, pAnI miTTI vagairaha, unako vaha binA kisIse pUche le.sakatA hai, isI taraha jisa kuTumbIke dhanakA uttarAdhikAra use prApta hai, yadi vaha mara jAye to usakA dhana bhI le sakatA hai| kintu usakI jIvita avasthAme usakA dhana chIna lenA corI hI kahA jaayegaa| yadi kabhI apanI hI vastume yaha saMdeha ho jAye ki ye merI hai yA nahIM? to javataka vaha sandeha dUra na ho taba taka usa vastuko nahIM apanAnA caahiye| ___ tathA corIko burA samajhakara chor3a denevAloMko nIce likhe kArya bhI nahI karanA cAhiye 1-kisI corako svayaM yA dUsareke dvArA corI karanekI preraNA karanA aura karAnA yA usakI prazaMsA krnaa| tathA kaicI vagairaha corIke aujAroMko becanA yA coroko apanI orase denA / jaise, 'tuma dekAra kyo baiThe ho ? yadi tumhAre pAsa khAneko nahIM hai to meM datA huuN| yadi tumhAre curAye hue mAlakA koI kharIdAra nahI ha to meM use baica dUMgA / isa prakArake vacanose coroko corIma lagAnA bhI eka tarahase corI hI hai| 2-corIkA mAla kharIdanA / jo loga aisA kAma karate hai ve samajhate hai ki hama to vyApAra karate hai, corI nahIM krte| kintu corIkA mAla kharIdanevAlA bhI cora hI samajhA jAtA hai, tabhI to aisA dena-lena chipakara hotA hai| 3-bATa tarAjU gaja vagairaha kamatI yA vaDhatI rkhnaa| kamatIsa tolakara dUsaroko denA aura baDhatIse tolakara svaya lenaa| 4-kisI vastumeM kama kImatakI samAna vastu milAkara vecnaa|

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cAritra 176 jaisa, dhAnyameM marA huA dhAnya, ghIme carbI, hIgameM khara, telame mUtra khare sone cAMdIme milAvaTI sonA cAdI Adi milAkara becanA / vyApArI samajhatA hai ki aisA karake meM corI nahIM kara rahA hU~ yaha to vyApArakI eka kalA hai, kintu usakA aisA samajhanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoki isa tarahake vyavahArase vaha dUsaroMko ThagatA hai aura aisA karanA "nindanIya hai| 5-rAjyame gaDabaDa utpanna honepara vastuoMkA mUlya bar3hA denA, jaisA yuddhake jamAneme kiyA gayA thaa| yA eka rAjyake nivAsIkA chipakara dUsare rAjyame praveza karanA aura yahA~kA mAla vahA~ le jAnA yA vahA~kA mAla yahA~ laanaa| isI taraha beTikiTa yAtrA karanA, cuMgI mahasUla Ayakara vagairaha chipAnA , isa tarahake kArya corI hI samajhe jAte hai| ata inase bacanA caahiye| 5 Upara jo bAte batalAI gaI hai yadyapi ve vyApArako lekarahI vatalAI gaI hai, kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki corIke kAma vyApArI hI karate hai aura rAjA yA usake karmacArI nahIM krte| yadi ve bhI rAjyame corI karavAeM, corIkA mAla kharIde, corose lAMca ghUsa vasUla kareM, rAjAkI orase vastuokI kharIda honepara kamatI baDhatI de la, aura apane rAjya yA dezake viruddha kAma karato ve bhI corIke doSake bhAgIdAra kahe jaayeNge| vAstavameM dhana manuSyakA prANa hai, ata. jo kisIkA ghana haratA hai vaha usake prANa haratA hai| yaha samajha kara kisIko kisIkI corI nahIM karanI caahiye| 4. brahmacaryANuvrata kAmavAsanA eka roga hai aura usakA pratikAra bhoga nahI hai| bhogase to yaha roga aura bhI adhika vaDhatA hai| kintu jinake cittame yaha bAta nahI jamatI, yA jamanepara bhI jo apanI kAmavAsanAko rokane meM asamartha hai unhe cAhiye ki ve apanI vivAhitA patnIme hI

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150 jainadharma santoSa rakkhe | isIkA nAma brahmacaryANuvrata hai / brahmacaryANuvratI apanI patnIke sivA jitanI bhI striyA~ hai, cAhe ve vivAhitA ho, avivAhitA ho athavA vezyA hoM, unase ramaNa nahIM karatA hai aura na dUsarose hI aisA karAtA hai| aisA na karanekA kAraNa ijjata AvaskA savAla nahI haiM, kintu isa kAmako vaha antaHkaraNase pApa samajhatA hai / jo kevala apanI mAna pratiSThAke bhayase aise kAryoM se bacatA hai, vaha aise kAryoko burA nahI samajhatA aura isaliye jahA~ use apanI mAna pratiSThA jAnekA bhaya nahI rahatA, vahA~ vaha aisa anAcAra kara baiThatA / aura kara baiThanepara kabhI kabhI dhokheme mAnapratiSThA bhI gavAM detA 1 kintu jo aise kAryoko pApa samajhatA hai vaha sadA unase bacA rahatA hai / isaliye pApa samajhakara hI unase bace rahanemeM hita hai / parastrIgamana aura vezyAgamanako burAiyA~ saba koI jAnate haiM, magara phira bhI manuSya apanI vAsanApara kAvU na rakha sakaneke kAraNa anAcAra kara baiThate hai| aneka yuvaka choTe lar3akoM ke sAtha kutsita kAma kara baiThate haiM aura apane tathA dUsaroMke jIvanako dhUlame milA dete hai / kucha hastamaithunake dvArA apanI kAmavAsanAko tRpta karate haiM / ye kAma to parastrIgamana aura vezyAgamanase bhI adhika nindanIya hai / kintu AjakalakI zikSAkA lakSa isa tarahake anAcAroMko rokanekI aura kataI nahI rahA hai| zikSArthI apanA jIvana kaise bitAtA hai koI zikSaka yA pravandhaka idhara dhyAna nahI detA / saba jagaha zikSAkI bhI khAnApUrti kI jAne lagI hai / jo aise anAcArome par3a jAte hai ve apane aura dUsaroke AtmA aura zarIra donoM kA hI ghAta karate hai aura isaliye ve kisI bhI hiMsaka se kama nahI / ata. jo apanI AdhyAtmika aura laukika unnati karanA cAhate hai aura cAhate hai ki samAjameM isa tarahakA anAcAra na phaile, unheM kAmavAsanAkA kendra kevala apanI patnIko ho banAnA cAhiye aura usake tivA sasArakI samasta striyoMko apanI mAtA vahina yA putrI samajhanA cAhiye tathA choTe laDakoMko apanA bhAI yA putra samajhakara unnata banAnA cAhiye |

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cAritra 181 patnIko kAmavAsanAkA kendra banAnese koI yaha na samada ki ekapalIvata yA vivAha aniyatrita kAmAcArakA sarTiphikeTa hai vaha to kAmarogako zAnta karanekI auSadhi hai| stambhaka aura uttejaba auSadhiyoke dvArA rogako baDhAkara strIrUpI auSadhikA adhika sevana karanA to auSadhike sAtha atyAcAra karanA hai| aise atyAcArake phala 'svarUpa hI Ajakala vivAhita laDake aura lar3akiyA~ kSaya rogase grasta hokara akAlameM hI kAlake gAlame cale jAte hai / ata aniyaMtrita kAmAcAra bhI AdhyAtmika aura zArIrika svAsthyako caupaTa kara detA hai, isaliye usase bhI bacanA hI caahiye| pratyeka sadgRhasthako nIce likhI bAtose bacanekI salAha dI gaI hai 1-durAcAriNI striyose bacate raho / 2-muMhase azlIra bAteM mata vko| 3-zakti se adhika kAma sevana mata kro| 4, aprAkRtika maithunase bco| 5-aura dUsaroMke vaivAhika sambandhoda jhagar3e meM mata pdd'o| jo bAte puruSoMke lie kahI gaI hai ve hI striyoM liye bhI hai| striyoMko bhI para-puruSa aura adhika kAmAcArase vacanA cAhiye, aura apaneko saMyata rakhanekI ceSTA karanA caahiye| 5. parigraha parimANavata strI, putra, ghara, sonA Adi vastuoMmeM 'ye merI hai| isa tarahakA jo mamatva rahatA hai, usa mamatva pariNAmako parigraha kahate hai| aura mamatvako ghaTAkara una vastuoke ghaTAneko parigraha parimANavata kahate hai| lokameM to rupayA paisA jamIna jAyadAda hI parigraha kahalAtA hai| , kintu vAstavame to manuSyakA mamatvabhAva parigraha hai| ina vAhirI cIjoMko to usa mamatvakA kAraNa honese parigraha kahA jAtA hai| yadi bAhirI cIjoMko hI parigraha mAnA jAyegA to jina asaMkhya logoMke pAsa kucha bhI nahI, kintu unake cittameM bar3I-baDI AkAMkSAeM hai ve saba aparigrahI khlaayege| kintu vAta aisI nahI hai| saccA aparigrahI vahI hai jisake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai aura na jisake cittame kisI

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- 182 jainadharma cIjakI cAha hI hai, kyoki cAha honapara manuSya parigrahakA saMcaya kiye vinA nahI raha sktaa| aura sacayakI vRtti Anepara nyAya anyAya aura yukta ayuktakA vicAra nahI rhtaa| phira to manuSya dhanakA kIjA vana jAtA hai, vaha dhanakA svAmI na rahakara usakA dAsa ho jAtA hai| dravya dAna karake bhI usase usakA mamatva nahIM chuutttaa| usa vaha apane pAsa hI rakhanA cAhatA hai| use bhaya rahatA hai ki usake diye huye dravyako koI haDapa na jAye / vaha cAhatA hai ki usase usakI khUba kIti ho, loga usakA guNagAna kare, usake doSopara paradA DAla diyA jAye, akhavAroMme usakI khUba baDAI chApI jaaye| yaha saba mamatvabhAvakA hI phala hai| usase chuTakArA mile vinA parigrahase chuTakArA nahI mila sakatA / dekhA jAtA hai ki jaba taka hama kisI vastuko apanI nahI samajhate taba taka usake bhale burese na hame prasannatA hotI hai aura na rNj| kintu jyoMhI kisI vastumeM yaha hamArI hai' aisI bhAvanA ho jAtI hai tyohI manuSya usakI cintAmeM par3a jAtA hai / isaliye mamatva hI parigraha hai| usake kama kiye vinA parigraharUpI pApase chuTakArA nahI mila sktaa| __jaise rupayA vagairaha vAya parigraha hai vaise hI kAma, krodha, mada, moha Adi bhAva abhyantara parigraha hai / bAhaya parigrahake samAna hI 'ina Antara parigrahoko bhI ghaTAnA caahiye| parigrahako ghaTAnekA eka hI upAya hai ki manuSya apanI AvazyakatAoMko dhyAname rakhakara rarupayA paisA jamIna jAyadAda vagairaha sabhI vastuoMkI eka maryAdA niyata kira le ki isase jyAdA meM apane pAsa nahI rkhuugaa| aisA karanese usake [pAsa anAvazyaka dravyakA saMgraha bhI nahIM ho sakegA, aura AvazyakitAke anusAra dravya usake pAsa honese svayaM use bhI koI kapTa na hogaa| haMsAtha hI sAtha vaha bahuta sI vyarthakI hAya hAyase bhI baca jAyegA aura apanA jIvana sukha aura santoSake sAtha vyatIta kara skegaa| Aja duniyAmeM jo Arthika vipamatA phailI huI hai usakA kAraNa manupyakI

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cAritra 153 anAvazyaka sacayavRtti hI hai| yadi sabhI manuSya apanI apanI Ava zyakatAke anusAra hI vastuoMkA sacaya kareM aura anAvazyaka saMgrahako samAjake una dUsare vyaktiyoMko saupa de jinako usakI AvazyakatA hai to Aja duniyAmeM jitanI azAnti macI huI hai utanI na rahe aura sampattika ba~TavArekA jo prazna Aja duniyAke sAmane upasthita hai, vaha vinA kisI kAnUnake svaya hI bahuta kucha azome hala ho jaaye|| duniyAkI aniyatrita icchAko lakSya karake jainAcArya zrI guNabhadra svAmIne saMsArake prANiyoko sambodhana karate hue kahA hai "AzAgataH pratiprANi yasmin vizvamaNUpamam -- kasya kiM kiyadAyAti vRthA vo viSayaSitA // 36 // " maatmaanu| 'pratyeka prANIme AzAkA itanA baDA gaDhA hai jisame yaha vizva aNuke barAbara hai| aisI sthitime yadi isa vizvakA baMTavArA kiyA jAye to kisake hissame kitanA AyegA ? ata sasArake tuSNAlu prANiyo! tumhArI vipayokI cAha vyartha hI hai|' ata pratyeka zrAvakako vizvakI sampatti aura usakI cAhameM taDapanevAle asaMkhya prANiyoMkA vicAra karake dhanakI tRSNAse virata hI rahanA cAhiye, kyoki nyAyakI kamAIse manuSya jIvana nirvAha kara sakatA hai kintu dhanakA aTUTa bhaNDAra ekatra nahIM kara sakatA / aTUTa bhaNDArato pApakI kamAIse hI bharatA hai, jaisA ki unhI guNabhadrAcAryane kahA hai zuddhanivivardhante satAmapi na sampadaH / na hi svacchAmvabhi pUrNAH kadAcidapi siMghava. // 45 // " AtmAnu0 / 'sajjanoMkI bhI sampatti zuddha nyAyopArjita dhanase nahIM bddhtii| kyA kabhI nadiyoMko svaccha jalase paripUrNa dekhA gayA hai|' nadiyA~ jaba bhI bharatI hai to varSAka gade pAnIse hI bharatI hai, usI taraha dhanakI vRddhi bhI nyAyakI kamAIse nahIM hotii| ata. A zyaka dhanakA parimANa karake manuSyako anyAyakI kamAIse bacanA

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184 jainadharma .caahiye| isase vaha svayaM sukhI rahegA aura dUsare loga bhI usake duHkhake kAraNa nahI bneNge| isa vratake bhI pAMca doSa hai, jinase bacanA caahiye| 1-lobhame Akara manuSya aura pazumase zaktise adhika kAma lenaa| 2-dhAnya vagairaha Age khUba munAphA degA isa lobhase dhAnyAdikakA adhika saMgraha karanA, jaisA yuddhakAlame kiyA gayA thaa| 3-isa tarahake dhAnya-sagrahako thor3e lAbhase beMca denepara yA dhAnyakA saMgraha hI na karanapara yA dUsaroMko ghAnya-sagrahase adhika lobha hotA huA dekhakara khedakhinna honaa| 4paryApta lAbha uThAnepara bhI usase adhika lAbhakI icchA krnaa| 5--aura adhika lAbhahotAhuA dekhakaradhanAdikakI kI huI maryAdAko vaDhA lenaa| zrAvakake bheda zrAvakake tIna bheda hai-pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka / jo eka dezase hiMsAkA tyAga karake zrAvaka dharmako svIkAra karatA hai use pAkSika zrAvaka kahate hai| jo niraticAra zrAvaka dharmakA pAlana karatA hai use naiSThika zrAvaka kahate hai / aura jo dezacAritrako pUrNa karake apanI mAtmAkI sAdhanAmeM lIna ho jAtA hai, use sAdhaka zrAvaka kahate hai| arthAt prArambhika dazAkA nAma pAkSika hai, madhyadazAkA nAma naiSThika hai aura pUrNadazAkA nAma sAdhaka hai| isa taraha avasthA bhedase zrAvakake tIna bheda kiye gaye hai| inakA vizeSa paricaya nIce diyA jAtA hai| pAkSika zrAvaka pAkSika zrAvaka pahale kahe gaye ATha mUla guNokA pAlana karatA hai| 'uttarakAlameM ATha mUla guNomeM pA~ca aNuvratoMke syAname pA~ca kSIriphaloko liyA gayA hai| jisa vRkSamase dUdha nikalatA hai use kSIrivRkSa va udumbara kahate hai| udumbara phaloMmeM jantu pAye jAte hai| isIse amara

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cAritra 165 koSameM udumbarakA eka nAma jantuphala bhI hai aura eka nAma 'hemadugdhaka' hai, kyoki usameM se nikalanevAle dUdhakA raMga pIlepanako liye hue hota! hai| pIpala, vaTa, pilakhana, gUlara aura kAka udumbarI ina pA~ca prakArake vRkSoke phaloMko nahIM khAnA cAhiye, kyoki inameM sAkSAt jantu pAra, jAte hai| per3ase girate hI gUlarake phUTa jAnepara usamese uDate hue jantuo ko hamane svaya dekhA hai| ata aise phaloko nahIM khAnA cAhiye tatha, madya, mAMsa aura madhuse bacanA cAhiye / pratyeka pAkSikako itanA te kamase kama karanA hI caahiye| likhA hai-- "pippalodumbaraplakSavaTaphalguphalAnyadan / hantyANi sAn zuSkANyapi sva rAgayogata // 13 ||-saagaardhrmaa0 _ 'pIpala, gUlara, pilakhana, vaTa aura kAka udumbarIke hare phaloka, jo khAtA hai vaha basa arthAt calate phirate hue jantuokA ghAta karatA hai| kyoki una phaloke andara aise jantu pAye jAte hai| aura jo unheM sukhA, kara khAtA hai, vaha unameM ati Asakti honeke kAraNa apanI AtmAka ghAta karatA hai|' __ ata prAthamika zrAvakako isa tarahake phala nahIM khAnA cAhiye tathA rAtako bhojana nahIM karanA cAhiye aura sadA pAnIko chAnaka, kAmame lAnA cAhiye / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, annahma aura prigrh| choDanekA yathAzakti abhyAsa karanA cAhiye / tathA juA, vezya, zikAra, parastrI vagairaha vyasanose bhI vacate rahanekA dhyAna rakhana cAhiye / pratidina jina mandirameM jAkara arhantadevakI pUjA kara cAhiye, guruokI sevA karanI cAhiye, supAtroko dAna denA cAhiye tathA anya bhI jo dhArmika kRtya hai, tathA lokame khyAti karAneva kArya hai, unhe karate rahanA cAhiye / jaise, dIna aura anAthoke bhojanazAlA aura auSadhAlayoMkI vyavasthA karanA cAhiye, apa putra aura putrIko yogya banAkara supAtrake sAtha unakA sambandha kara cAhiye / Adi,

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jainadharma naiSThika zrAvaka naiSThika zrAvakake 11 darje hai / ye darje isa kramase rakhe gaye hai ki napara dhIre-dhIre caDha karake koI bhI zrAvaka apanI AdhyAtmika unnati ratA huA apane jIvanake antima lakSa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / ina 1 darjIkA, jinheM jainasiddhAntame 11 pratimAe~ kahate haiM, sakSipta vavecana isa prakAra hai 86 1 darzanika pAkSika zrAvakakA jo AcAra pahale vatalAyA usake pAlana karanese jisakA zraddhAna dRDha aura vizuddha ho gayA hai, , sArake kAraNa bhogote jo virakta ho calA hai arthAt iSTa viSayokA vana karate hue bhI uname jisakI Asakti nahI hai, jisakA citta pA~ca parameSThiyoke caraNome lIna rahatA hai, jo ATha mUla guNome koI doSa nahI lagAtA aura Ageke guNoko prApta karaneke liye utsuka hatA hai tathA bharaNa poSaNake liye nyAyya tarIko se AjIvikA karatA usa zrAvakako darzanika kahate hai / darzanika zrAvaka madya, mAMsa rahakA na kevala sevana nahI karatA, kintu na unakA vyApAra vagairaha ya karatA hai na dUsarose karAtA hai aura na aise kAmoM meM kisIko apanI mmati hI detA hai / jo strI puruSa zarAva vagairaha pIte haiM unake sAtha na pAna Adi vyavahAra bhI nahI rakhatA, kyoki aisA karanese madya rahake sevanakA prasaga upasthita ho sakatA hai / camar3e ke pAtrame rakhA bhA ghI, tela yA pAnI kAmameM nahI lAtA / jisa bhojanapara phUI A tI hai, yA svAda vigar3a jAtA hai use nahI khAtA / jisa phala yA sAga se vaha paricita nahI hai use nahI khAtA / sUryodaya honeke eka taM vAdase sUryAsta hone ke eka muhUrta pahale taka hI apanA khAna pAna ratA hai / pAnIko zuddha sApha vastrase chAnakara hI kAmameM lAtA hai / ma nahI khelatA aura na saTTebAjI hI karatA hai / vezyAkA sevana to rahA, usase kisI bhI tarahakA sambandha nahI rakhatA, na vezyAvAToMsaira hI karatA hai| mukadamA vagairaha laDAkara kisIkA dravya yA jAya

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cAritra 15 dAda har3apa karanekI koziza nahI karatA / zikAra khelanA to dU rahA, citra vagairaha aMkita jIva jantuokA bhI chedana bhedana nahIM karatA / parastrIse ramaNa karanA to dUra rahA, kanyAke mAtA pitAka AjJA ke binA kisI kanyAse vivAha bhI nahI karatA / jisa kAmaka burA samajha kara svayaM chor3a detA hai, dUsaroMse bhI use nahI karAtA saMkalpI hiMsAkA tyAga kara detA hai| aura utanA hI Arambha - kRSi vagairaha karatA hai jitanA svayaM kara sakatA hai| kyoki dUsarose karAne vyavahArame vaha ahiMsakapanA nahI raha sakatA, jisakA usane vrata li hai / apanI patnI se bhI utanA hI bhoga karatA hai, jitanA karanA zarI aura manake saMtApakI zAntike liye Avazyaka hai, tathA usakA udde kavala santAnotpAdana hI hotA hai / santAna honepara use yogya mo sadAcArI banAne kA pUrA prayatna karatA hai, kyoMki yogya santAnava hone para hI apanI vRddhAvasthAme usa para gharabArakA bhAra sopaka gRhastha Atmonnati ke mArgame laga sakatA hai / ye saba darzanika zrAvaka kartavya hai / 2 vratika-- jisakA samyagdarzana aura pahale kahe gaye ATa mUlaguNa paripUrNa hote hai tathA jo mAyAcArase yA AgAmI kAla viSaya sukhake aura bhI adhika prApta honekI abhilASAse vratoM kA pAla nahI karatA, valki rAga aura dveSapara vijaya pAkara sAmyabhAva prAp karanekI icchAse vratokA pAlana karatA hai use vratika zrAvaka kahate hai. vratika zrAvaka pahale batalAye pA~ca aNuvratoMkA nirdoSa pAlana karata hai aura unheM baDhAne ke liye nIce likhe sAta zIloMkA bhI pAlana karate hai / ve sAta zIla isa prakAra hai -- 1 - digvrata, 2 - dezavrata, 3-ana daNDavirati, 4 - sAmayika, 5- proSadhopavAsa, 6 - paribhoga parimANa aura 7 - atithisavibhAga | 1 - use jIvana bharake liye apane Ane jAne aura lena de karaneke kSetrakI maryAdA kara lenI cAhiye ki isa sthAna taka hI

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jainadharmaM panA sambandha rakhUMgA, usake bAharase khUba lAbha honepara bhI kabhI koI vyApAra nahI karU~gA / aisA niyama kara lenese manuSyakI tRSNAkA 'tra sImita ho jAtA hai aura videzI vyApArakA niyamana honese dezakI 'pattikA videza jAnA bhI ruka jAtA hai| 88 2 - jIvana bharake liye lI huI maryAdAke bhItara bhI apanI vazyakatA aura yAtAyAtako dRSTimeM rakhakara kucha samaya ke liye bhI kta kSetrakI maryAdA lete rahanA cAhiye, ki meM itane samaya taka amuka } muka sthAna taka hI apanA AnA jAnA rakhUMgA va lena-dena Adi kruuNgaa| vaM 3 - vinA prayojanake dUsare prANiyoko pIr3A denevalA koI bhI ma nahI karanA cAhiye / aise kAma sakSepame pA~ca bhAgoMme bA~Te gaye haisapopadeza, hiMsAdAna, duzruti, apadhyAna aura pramAdacaryA / jo loga aisA vagairaha se AjIvikA karate ho unheM hiMsA vagairahakA upadeza nahI cAhiye / jaise, vyAghako yaha nahI batalAnA cAhiye ki amuka jJAnapara mRga vagairaha vasate haiM / Thaga aura corako yaha nahI batalAnA hRAhiye ki amuka jagaha ThagaI aura corIkA acchA avasara hai / tathA hA~ cAra jane baiThakara gapazapa karate hoM vahA~ bhI isa tarahakI carcA nahIM gulAnA cAhiye 1 / jina cIjose dUsarokI jAna lI jA sakatI hai, T se viSa, astra zastra Adi hiMsAke sAvana dUsaroko nahI denA cAhiye 2 / rahana pustakoM yA zAstroke sunane yA paDhane se mana kaluSita ho, jinake T nate hI citta kAmavAsanA jAgrata ho, dUsaroMko mAra DAlaneke saMbhava paidA ho, ghamaMDa aura ahaMkArakA bhAva hRdayameM utpanna ho, aise astroM aura pustakoMko na svayaM sunanA cAhiye aura na dUsaroko sunAnA ye 3 / amukakA maraNa ho jAya, amukako jelakhAnA ho jAya, ratamukake ghara corI ho jAye, amukakI strI hara lI jAye, amukakI mIna jAyadAda vika jAye, ityAdi vicAra manameM nahIM lAnA cAhiye 4 | "nA jarUrata ke pRthvIkA khodanA, pAnIkA bahAnA, AgakA jalAnA, zAkA karanA tathA vanaspatikA kATanA Adi kAma nahI karanA cAhiye

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cAritra 18 5 / ina kAmoMke karanese apanA kucha lAbha nahI hotA, balki ulTa hAni hI hotI hai aura dUsaroMko vyarthame kaSTa uThAnA paDatA hai / azlI carcAe~ karanA, zarIrase kunsita ceSTAeM karanA, vyarthakI bakavA karanA, binA soce samajhe aise kAma kara DAlanA jisase apanA koI lA na ho aura dUsaroMko vyarthame kaSTa uThAnA paDe, tathA bhoga aura upabhoga ke sAdhanoMko AvazyakatAse adhika saMcaya kara lenA, ye saba kAma e sadgRhasthako kabhI bhI nahI karane cAhiye / , 1 4 -- prAta. ora sandhyAko ekAnta sthAname kucha samayake hiMsA vagairaha samasta pApose virata hokara AtmadhyAna karanekA abhyA karanA cAhiye / usameM mana vacana aura kAyako sthira karake Apa aura usake antima lakSya mokSake bAreme cintana karanA cAhiye / yadya mana vacana aura kAyako ekAgra karanA baDA kaThina hai, kintu abhyAsa sava sAdhya hai| prArambhameM kucha kaSTa anubhava hotA hai, zarIra nizca rahanA nahI cAhatA, mana- vidroha karatA hai aura maMtra pAThako jaldI-jalla bolakara samApta kara denA cAhatA hai, phira bhI inako rokanA cAhiye jaba ye sagha jAte hai to manuSyako bar3I AdhyAtmika zAnti milatI hai" * f 5 -- pratyeka aSTamI aura pratyeka caturdazI ke dina mana, vacana a kAyakI sthiratAko dRDha karaneke liye cAroM prakArake AhArako tyA kara upavAsa karanA cAhiye / usa dina na kucha khAnA cAhiye aura kucha pInA cAhiye / kintu jo aisA karanemeM asamartha hoM ve kevala le sakate hai / aura jo kevala jalapara bhI na raha sakate hoM, unhe ekabAra halkA sAtvika bhojana karanA cAhiye / jo vyakti upavA karanA cAheM, unheM cAhiye ki ve aSTamI aura caturdazIke pahale dina da harakA bhojana karake upavAsakI pratijJA le le| aura ghara-gRhastha kAma dhAmase avakAza lekara ekAnta sthAname cale jAye aura apanA sam Atmacintana aura svAdhyAyameM bitAveM / sandhyAko dainika kRtya nivaTakara puna apane usI kAmameM laga jaaye| rAtriko vizrAma di

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janavarma gaura dinako isI taraha vitaaveN| isa taraha aSTamI aura caturdazIkA dana tathA rAta vitAkara dUsare dina dopaharako abhyAgata atithiyoMko bhojana karAkara eka bAra anAsakta hokara bhojana kre| upavAsase talava kevala peTake hI upavAsase nahI hai, kintu pA~co indriyoke upavAsase hai| AhAra vagairahakA tyAga karake bhI yadi manuSyakA citta coM indriyoke viSayome ramatA hai, acche acche svAdiSTa bhojana, tundara kAminI, sugandhita dravya aura sundara saMgItakI kalpanAmeM masta rahatA ha to vaha upavAsa niSphala hai| 6-bhoga aura upabhogake sAdhanoMkA kucha samaya yA yAvajIvanake liye parimANa kara lenA cAhiye ki maiM amuka vastu itane pramayataka itane parimANameM bhoguuNgaa| aisA parimANa karake usase adhika stuiko cAha nahI karanA caahiye| jo vastu ekavArahI bhogI jA sakatI use bhoga kahate hai jaise phUloMkI mAlA yA bhojana / aura jo vastu gAra-bAra bhogI jA sakatI hai use upabhoga kahate hai, jaise vstr| ina no hI prakArakI vastuoMkA niyama kara lenA cAhiye / niyama kara inase eka to gRhasthakI cittavRttikA niyamana hotA hai, dUsare isase stuokA anAvazyaka saMcaya aura anAvazyaka upayoga ruka jAtA hai, aura vastuoMkI yadi kamI ho to dUsaroMko bhI unakI prApti sulabha jAtI hai| jo manuSya bhoga aura upabhogake sAdhanoko kama karake apanI vazyakatAoko ghaTA letA hai, AvazyakatAoke ghaTa jAnese usa anuSyakA kharca bhI kama ho jAtA hai| aura kharca kama ho jAnese usakI nako AvazyakatA bhI kama ho jAtI hai| tathA dhanakI AvazyakatA kama ho jAnese ume nyAya aura anyAyakA vicAra kiye vinA dhana mAneko tRSNA nahI staatii| isIliye likhA hai bhogopabhogakRzanAt kRzIkRtaghanaspRha / banAya koTTapAlAdi nityA. krUrA karoti ka / ' sAgAradhAH /

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162 jainadharma rokakara apane nimitta vanAye hue bhojanameMse bhaktipUrvaka bhojana karAnA caahiye| pIche svaya bhojana karanA caahiye| ___ isa taraha zrAvakake ye sAta gIla vrata kahalAte hai| inamase pahaleke tIna guNavata kahe jAte hai, kyoki unake pAlana karanese pahale kahe gaye pAMca aNuvratome vizeSatA AtI hai, aura pIcheke cAra zikSAvata kahalAte hai kyoki unake karanese manidharma grahaNa karanekI zikSA milatI hai| zikSA arthAt abhyAsake liye jo vrata kiye jAte hai ve zikSAvrata kahe jAte hai| 3 sAmAyikI-vrata pratimAkA abhyAsI jo zrAvaka tIno sancyAoMme sAmAyika karatA hai aura kaThina se kaThina kaSTa A par3anapara bhI apane dhyAnase vicalita nahIM hotA-mana, vacana aura kAyakI ekAgratAko sthira rakhatA hai use sAmAyikI yA sAmAyika pratimAvAlA zrAvaka kahate hai| yadyapi zrAvakake liye aisI ekAgratA ati kaSTasAdhya hai kintu abhyAsase sava saMbhava hotA hai| isakA uddezya AtmAkI zaktiko kendrIbhUta karanA hai| yadyapi pahale vratoMmeM bhI sAmAyika karanA vatalAyA hai kintu vaha abhyAsarUpa hai aura yaha vratarUpa hai| 4 proSadhopavAsI-pahale pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazIko upavAsa karanekI vidhi vatalAI hai, vahI yahA~ bhI jAnanA cAhiye / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki vahA~ abhyAsalpase upavAsakA vidhAna hai aura yahA~ vrtruupse| 5 sacittavirata-pahalekI cAra pratimAoMkA pAlana karanevAlA jo dayAlu zrAvaka hare sAga, sabjI, phala-phUla vagairahako nahIM khAtA hai use sacittavirata kahate hai| asalame tyAgakA uddezya sayamakA pAlana karanA hai / aura saMyamake do rUpa hai-eka prANisaMyama aura dUsarA indriya-saMyama / prANiyoMkI rakSA karaneko prANisayama kahate hai aura indriyoMko vazameM karaneko indriyasayama kahate hai / uttama to yahI hai ki pratyeka tyAgameM donoM sayamoMkA pAlana ho, kintu yadi donoMkA

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cAritra pAlana na ho sakatA ho to ekakA pAlana honA bhI acchA hI hai| jainasiddhAntame harI vanaspatikI do dazAye batalAI hai eka sapratiSThita aukhii| dUsarI apratiSThita / sapratiSThita dazAme pratyeka vanaspatime agaNita / jIvokA vAsa rahatA hai aura isaliye use anantakAya kahate hai aurch| apratiSThita dazAmeM usame eka hI jIvakA vAsa rahatA hai| ata java-sa taka koI vanaspati sapratiSThita yA anantakAya hai tabataka usakA bhakSaNA / nahIM karanA cAhiye, kyoki usake bhakSaNa karanese ananta jIvokA ghAtapa hotA hai| kintu jaba vahI vanaspati apratiSThita ho jAtI hai-arthAt // usame anantakAya jIvokA vAsa nahIM rahatA taba use acitta karake khAnA caahiye| sacittako acitta karaneke kaI prakAra hai-use sukhA'la liyA jAye, Agapara pakA liyA jAye yA cAkU vagairahase kATa liyAra jaaye| aisA karanese sacitta vanaspati acitta ho jAtI hai| yahA~ yaha hai prazna hotA hai ki sacittako acitta karake khAnese kyA lAbha hai ? jIva rakSA to usame bhI nahI hotI? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sAcattako acitta karake khAnese yadyapi jIvarakSA nahI hotI aura isaliye prANi-1 saMyama nahI palatA tathApi indriyasayama palatA hai, kyoki sacitta vanaspati pauSTika ataeva mAdaka hotI hai| use pakA lene, sukhA lene, yA cAkUse kATanese usakA poSakatattva naSTa ho jAtA hai aura isliye| usakI mAdakatA calI jAtI hai| ata. khAneke bAda vaha indriyome vikAra paidA nahIM karatI, kintu zarIrakI sthitiko banAye rakhatI hai| dhArmika daSTise jo bhojana zarIrakI sthitiko banAye rakhakara indriyoMmeM vikAra paidA nahIM karatA vahI bhojana zreSTha samajhA jAtA hai| isI dRSTise pAMcaveM darjekA jaina zrAvaka indriya madakAraka sacitta vanaspatike bhakSaNakA , tyAga karatA hai| jainazAstrome sapratiSThita aura apratiSThita vanaspatikI aneka pahacAne vatalAI hai / jaise, jo vanaspati-cAhe vaha jar3a ho, chAla ho, kopala ho, zAkhA ho, pattA ho, phUla ho yA phala ho-tor3anepara

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jainadharma taTase samAnarUpase do TukaDomeM TUTa jAtI hai vaha sapratiSThita hai aura jo goDo kahIse aura TUTatI hai kahIse, vaha apratiSThita hai| jisa vanaspatiko chIlanepara moTA chilakA utaratA hai vaha sapratiSThita hai aura jisakA chilakA patalA utaratA hai vaha apratiSThita hai| jisa vanaspatike UparakI gariyAM, yA zirAeM spaSTarUpase nahIM nikalI hai, yA andara phAMka alaga alaga nahI huI hai vaha sapratiSThita hai aura jisameM phAMke alagaalaga paDa gaI hai yA girAyeM aura ghAriyAM spaSTa ubhara AI hai use apratiSThita kahate hai| 6 divAmathunavirata--pahalekI pAMca pratimAokA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka jaba diname mana, vacana aura kAyase strImAtrake sevana karane- ' kA tyAga kara detA hai taba vaha divAmathuna virata kahAtA hai| pahale pA~cavI pratimAme indriya madakAraka vastuoke khAna-pAnakA tyAga karake indriyoko saMyata karanekI cepTA kI gaI hai| aura chaThI pratimAma dinameM kAmabhogakA tyAga karAkara manuSyako kAmabhogakI lAlasAko rAtrike hI liye sImita kara diyA gayA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki dinameM maithuna to bahuta hI kama loga karate hai, ata isakA tyAga karAnemeM kyA vizeSatA hai ? kintu maithunakA matalaba kevala kAyika bhogase hI nahI hai, parantu usa tarahako vAteM karanA aura manameM usa tarahake vicArokA honA bhI maithunameM sammilita hai / tathA diname manuSya bahutase strI puruSoke dRSTisaparka meM AtA hai jinheM dekhakara usakI kAmavAsanA jAgrata honekI sabhAvanA rahatI hai| ata dinameM isa tarahakI pravRttiyose bacAkara manuSyako pUrNa brahmacaryakI ora le jAnA hI isakA lakSya hai| 7 brahmacArI-Upara kahe gaye saMyamake abhyAsase apane manako vazameM karake jo mana, vacana aura kAyase kabhI bhI kisI strIkA sevana nahIM karatA use brahmacArI kahate haiN| pahale chaThe darjemeM dinameM maithunakA tyAga karAyA hai, sAtaveM darjemeM rAtrimeM bhI sadAke liye maithunakA tyAga

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* cAritra karake brahmacArI bana jAtA hai / brahmacaryake lAbha batalAnA sUryako dIpa dikhAnA hai / Atmika zaktiko kendrita karaneke liye brahmacarya apUrva vastu hai / kintu honA cAhiye vaha aicchika | vinA icchA javaradastI brahmacarya pAlanese na zArIrika lAbha hotA hai aura na mAnata kyoki brahmacaryakA matalaba kevala zArIrika kAmabhogase nivRtti nahI hai, balki pAMcoM indriyoke viSayose nivRttikA nAma hI brahma hai / yadi kevala kAmendriyakA hI niyatraNa kiyA gayA aura anya indriya ko kAbU na rakhA gayA to kAmendriyakA niyaMtraNa bhI TUTa jAyegA / 8 Arambhavirata pahalekI sAta pratimAoM kA pAlana karanevAla zrAvaka jaba jIvikAke sAdhana kRSi, nokarI yA vyApAra vagairahake kara aura karAnekA tyAga kara detA hai to vaha Arambhavirata kahA jAtA hai| brahmacarya dhAraNa karake apane kauTumbika jIvanako vaha pahale hI maryAdi kara detA hai / aura java dekhatA hai ki aba mere laDake kamAne lAyaka ha gaye hai to unako apanA kAma dhandhA sauMpakara Apa usase virata ho ja hai, kintu unhe sammati vagairaha detA rahatA hai / e parigrahavirata -- pahalekI ATha pratimAnokA pAlana karanevAla zrAvaka jaba apanI jamIna jAyadAda vagairahase apanA svatva choDa dena hai to vaha parigrahavirata kahA jAtA hai / bAThavI pratimAmeM vaha apanA udyoga dhandhA putroke supurda kara detA hai magara sampatti apane hI AyakAra rasatA hai / jaba vaha dekha letA hai ki laDakene udyoga dhandheko bhalI bhAMti samajha liyA hai, ava yadi sampatti bhI usake supurda kara dI jAye to paha unakA rakSaNa kara sakatA hai, taba vaha paJcoke nAmane apane puna yA dattaka punako bulAkara kahatA hai ki 'he puna / Ajataka hamane isa hatyAzramakA pAlana kiyaa| aba virakta hokara hama ise choDanA cAhate haiN| unaliye tuma hamArA sthAna svIkAra kro| apanI AtmAko zuddha karaneke liye icchuka pitAkA bhAra samhAlakara jo unakI sahAyatA karatA hai vahI putra haiM, aura jo aisA nahI karanA, yaha putra nahIM hai, yaha hai / saliye

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1906 jainadharma rA yaha dhana, dhArmika sthAna tathA kuTumvIjanakA bhAra samhAla kara mujhe prabhArase mukta karo; kyoki isase mukta hue binA koI bhI kalyA rthI apanA kalyANa nahIM kara sakatA / mumukSujanoke liye sarvasva ga hI pathya hai|' isa prakAra saba kucha putrako sauMpakara vaha gArhasthika uttaradAyitvase kta ho jAtA hai| kintu mukta honepara bhI vaha sahasA ghara nahIM choDatA, aura udAsIna hokara kucha kAla taka gharameM hI rahatA hai| lar3akA yadi sI kAryame usase salAha mAMgatA hai to ucita sammati de detA hai| 10 anumativirata-pahalekI nau pratimAome abhyasta huA vika jaba dekha letA hai ki aba laDakA vinA merI salAhake bhI saba ma samhAla sakatA hai to lena dena, khetI, vanija aura vivAha Adi kika kAryome anumati denA vanda kara detA hai, taba vaha anumativirata hA jAtA hai| aba vaha gharame na rahakara mandira vagairahame rahane lagatA aura apanA samaya svAdhyAyame vitAtA hai| tathA madhyAhnakAlakI mAyika karane ke bAda AmatraNa milanepara apane yA dUsaroke ghara bhojana ra AtA hai| bhojaname vaha apanI koI ruci nahIM rkhtaa| apane ta niyamake anusAra jo milatA hai khA letA hai aura yahI vicAratA ki garIrakI sthitike liye bhojanakI AvazyakatA hai, aura zarIrako nAye rakhanA dharmasevanake liye Avazyaka hai| kucha dina isI taraha vitAkara jaba vaha dekha letA hai ki aba mai ra chor3a sakatA hU~ to apane gurujanoM, vandhu-bAMdhavo aura putra vagairahate chakara ghara chor3a detA hai| 11 uddiSTavirata-yaha antima utkRSTa zrAvaka apane uddezyase nAye gaye AhArako grahaNa nahIM karatA, isaliye ise uddiSTavirata kahate hai / isake do bheda hote hai / pahalA bhedavAlA utkRpTa zrAvaka pheda lagoTI lagAtA hai aura eka sapheda cAdara mAtra apane pAsa rakhatA , tayA kaMcI yA churene apane kegoMko vanavAtA hai| aura jaba kisI

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cAritra pahanako prArthanA kara yAda koI zrAvasara zrApa syAnapara baiThatA hai yA leTatA hai to atyanta komala vastra vagairahase sthAnako sApha kara letA hai, jisase usake baiThane yA leTanese + jantuko koI pIr3A na pahuMca ske| __isa pahale bhedavAle utkRSTa zrAvakake bhI do vibhAga hai| eka jo aneka gharose bhikSA letA hai aura dUsarA vaha jo eka gharase hii| letA hai| jo aneka gharoMse bhikSA letA hai vaha bhojanake samaya zrApa ghara jAkara usake A~ganame khaDA hokara 'dharmalAma ho' aisA kaha bhikSAkI prArthanA karatA hai, athavA maunapUrvaka kevala apaneko dikhA calA AtA hai| yadi zrAvaka kucha detA hai to use apane pAtrame le le hai| kintu vahAM dera nahI lagAtA aura vahA~se nikalakara dUsare zrApa ghara jAkara aisA hI karatA hai| yadi koI zrAvaka apane gharapara bhojana karanekI prArthanA karatA hai to anya gharoMse jo bhojana mila pahale use khAkara pIche AvazyakatAke anusAra bhojana usa 15 le letA hai| yadi koI aisI prArthanA nahI karatA to kaI gharoMme jA apane udara bharane lAyaka bhojana mAMgatA hai aura jahA~ prAsuka 4 milatA hai vahA~ use dekha bhAlakara khA letA hai| khAte samaya svAda' dhyAna nahIM detA aura na gRhasthake gharase kucha milane yA na milane atha milanevAle dravyakI sarasatA aura virasatApara hI dhyAna detA hai bhojana karaneke pazcAt apanA jUThA bartana svaya hI maoNjatA aura ye hai| yadi vaha mAnameM Akara dUsarese aisA kAma karAtA hai to yaha maha asayama samajhA jAtA hai| bhojana karaneke pazcAt apane guruke / / jAkara dUsare dina takake liye vaha AhAra na karanekA niyama le. hai aura guruke pAsase jAneke bAdase lekara lauTane taka jo kucha bhI karatA hai vaha saba saralatApUrvaka guruse nivedana kara detA hai| jojaka zrAvaka eka gharase hI bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai vaha kisI munike pIche pI zrAvakake ghara jAkara bhojana kara AtA hai| aura yadi bhojana naha milatA to upavAsa kara letA hai| kAhe vaha sava saralatAnake bAdase lekAra na karanakA mana guruke / /

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90 jainadharma yaha 11 vI pratimAvAlA utkRSTa zrAvaka sadA muniyoke sAtha tA hai, unakI sevA suzruSA karatA hai aura antaraMga aura bahiraMga karatA hai| una tapomese bhI vaiyAvatya tapa khAsa taurase karatA hai| najanoko koI kaSTa honepara usakA pratIkAra karaneko vaiyAvRtya te hai, jaise rogiyokI paricaryA karanA, asamarthokI sahAyatA karanA, janoke paira vagairaha davAnA aadi| zrAvakake liye vaiyAvRtya karanekA mahatva batalAyA gayA hai| isase ghRNAkA bhAva dUrahotA hai sevAbhAvaprotsAhana milatA hai aura vAtsalyabhAvakI vRddhi hotI hai / tathA nako paricaryA kI jAtI hai ve sanAyatA anubhava karate hai, unake ttameM yaha bhAva nahIM hotA ki koI hamArI dekharekha karanevAlA nahIM hai| dUsare bhedavAle utkRSTa zrAvakakI bhI sabhI kriyAe~ pahaleke hI na hotI hai| kevala itanA antara hai ki yaha sira aura dADhIka oMko apane hAthase pakar3akara ukhADa DAlatA hai| isa kriyAko loca kahate hai| kevala lagoTI lagAtA hai aura muniyoke samAna pameM morake paMkhokI eka pIchI rakhatA hai| usIse vaha apane baiThane leTaneke sthAnako sApha karake janturahita kara letA hai| tathA gRhasthaka jAkara usake prArthanA karane para, usIke gharame apane hAthame hI bhojana tA hai, pAsame baratana nahIM rkhtaa| dono hAthoko jor3akara vAeM pakI kanaaguliye dAhane hAthakI kanaaMguliko phaMsA kara pAtra banA letA hai| gRhastha vAeM hAthakI hathelIpara bhojana rakhatA jAtA aura yaha dAhine hAthakI zeSa cAra aguliyose uThAkara kaurako me rakhatA jAtA hai| yaha utkRpTa zrAvaka uttama uttama granthoMkA svAya karatA hai aura khAlI samayameM sasAra, zarIra aura usake sAtha ne samvandhaka viSayameM cintana karatA hai| isa prakAra naiSTika zrAvakake ye 11 darje hai| inako kramavAra hI A jAtA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki koI prArambhakI kriyAe~ na karake ke darjemeM pahuMca jaaye| yadi koI aisA karatA hai to Age baDha jAne

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cAritra 1 " para bhI use usa darjevAlA nahI kahA jA sakatA / jainadharma meM zakti anumAra kiye gaye kAryakA hI mahatva hai / 'Ageko dauDa aura pa choDa' vAlI kahAvata yahA~ caritArtha nahI hotii| jo loga uttaradA se bacane ke liye tyAgI bananA cAhate haiM, unake liye bhI yahA~ sthAna na hai / kintu jo apane gArhasthika uttaradAyitvakA yathocita prabandha kara 1 kevala AtmakalyANakI bhAvanAse isa mArgakA avalambana lete hai ve isa pathake yogya samajhe jAte hai / A sAdhaka zrAvaka pUrvana zrAvakakA tIsarA bheda sAdhaka hai / maraNakAla upasthita pArIrate mamatva haTAkara, bhojana vagairahakA tyAga karake, dhyAnake dvArA jo AtmAkA godhana karatA hai use sAdhaka kahate hai sAvakakI isa kriyAko samAdhimaraNa vrata yA sallekhanA vrata kahate jaba koI upasarga, durbhikSa, vuDhApA aura roga aisI hAlatame pahu~ca jA jisakA pratIkAra kara sakatA zakya na ho to dharmake liye zarIra cho denA sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa kahAtA hai / samAdhimaraNa karane vidhi batalAte hue likhA hai ki zarIra dharmakA sAdhana hai isaliye 41 vaha dharmasAvanameM sahAyaka hotA ho to use naSTa nahI karanA cAha aura yadi vaha vinaSTa hotA ho to usakA zoka nahIM karanA cAhiye tathA dharmakA sAdhana samajha kara hI zarIrako svastha rakhanA cAhiye - yadi koI roga ho jAye to usakA pratIkAra bhI karanA cAhiye / ki java zarIra dharmakA vAghaka vana jAye to zarIrako choDakara dharmakI rakSA karanI cAhiye, kyoki zarIra naSTa honepara puna mila jAye kintu dharmakI prApti atyanta durlabha hai / ha koI koI bhAI samAdhimaraNa vratake svarUpa aura mahattvako na sama kara ise AtmaghAta batalAte hai / kintu dharmapara Apatti Anepara meM rakSAke liye zarIrakI upekSA kara denekA nAma AtmaghAta nahI parantu krodhame Akara vipa Adike dvArA prANoke ghAta karanekA nAma

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6-zrAvakadharma aura vizvakI samasyAe~ Aja sabhI dharmoMke sAmane yaha prazna rakhA jAtA hai ki ve vartamAna vazvakI samasyAoMko hala karaneme kahA~taka Age Ate hai ? yaha pazna na bhI rakhA jAve to bhI dhoMke sAmane yaha prazna to hai hI ke kevala vyaktike abhyudaya aura nizreyasa prAptike liye hI dhokI puSTi kI gaI hai yA unase samAja aura rASTrakA bhI abhyudaya ho sakatA hai? yahAM hama Upara batalAye gaye jaina zrAvakake dharmake prakAzameM ukta prazna ko sulajhAnekA prayala karate hai| yaha satya hai ki dharmakI sRSTi vyaktike abhyudayake liye huI kintu vyakti samAja, rASTra aura vizvase koI pRthak vastu nahIM hai| vyaktiyokA samUha hI samAja, rASTra aura vizvake nAmase pukArA jAtA hai / Aja jinheM vizvakI samasyAeM kahA jAtA hai vastuta. ve usa vizvame vasanevAle vyaktiyoMkI hI samasyAeM hai| mAnA, vyakti eka ikAI hai, kintu aneka ikAIyAM milakara hI dahAI, saikaDA Adi sakhyAe~ vanatI hai, ata. vyaktike abhyudayake liye janmA huA dharma jaba kisI eka khAsa vyaktike abhyudayakA kAraNa na hokara vyaktimAtrake abhyudayakA kAraNa hai to ki vyaktimAtrame vizvake sabhI vyakti mA jAte hai ata vaha vizvake bhI abhyudayakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| kintu vizvako use apanAnA caahiye| astu, pahale hameM yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki Ajake yugako ve kaunasI samasyAeM hai, jinheM hame hala karanA hai, aura unakA mUla kAraNa kyA hai? pichale do sau varSoMmeM vijJAnane bar3I unnati kI hai| usane aise aise yaMtra pradAna kiye hai, jinase vizvakA saMrakSaNa aura saMhAra donoM hI saMbhava hai| kyoMki kisI vastukA acchA upayoga bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura burA upayoga bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| upayoga karanA to manuSyake / hAyakI bAta hai, usame vecArI vastukA kyA aparAdha vidyA jaisIuttama vastu bhI durjanake hAyameM paDakara jJAnake sthAnameM vivAdako janma detI

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cAritra 203 hai| dhanako pAkara durjanako mada hotA hai kintu sajjana usase paropakAra karatA hai| zakti pAkara eka dUsaroko satAtA hai to dUsarA use hI pAkara AtatAiyoMke hAthose pIDitoMkI rakSA karatA hai| vijJAnane dUrIkA anta kara diyA hai aura vizvakI vibhinna jAtiyo aura rASTroko itane nikaTa lA diyA hai ki ve yadi parasparame sambaddha hokara rahanA cAhe to eka sUtrameM vaddha hokara raha sakate hai kyoki vijJAnane sagaThanake aneka naye sAdhana prastuta kara diye hai| tathA utpAdanake bhI aise aise sAdhana' diye hai jinase saMsArake sabhI strI-puruSa sukhapUrvaka apanA jIvana bitA sakate hai| kintu una sAdhanopara Aja amuka vargo aura rASTroMkA adhikAra hai aura ve unakA upayoga dUsaroMpara apanA prabhutva sthApita karane aura sthApita kiye hue prabhutvako banAye rakhaneme karate hai| jaMgalame zikArakI khojame bhaTakanevAlA vyAghra apane nukIle pajoM aura paine dAMtoMkA jaisA upayoga apane zikArake sAtha karatA hai, vaijJAnika sAdhanoMse sampanna rASTra bhI dUsare rASTrokI chAtIpara Aja apane vaijJAnika sAdhano-. kA vaisA hI upayoga karate dikhalAI dete hai / phalata. yuddhokI sRSTi hotI hai aura rASTroMkA dhana aura jana unakI bheTa caDhA diyA jAtA hai| mAno, unakA isase acchA koI dUsarA upayoga ho hI nahIM sktaa| eka ora naye sAdhanoMke dvArA khetoMse khUba anna upajAyA jAtA hai, mile rAta dina kapaDe taiyAra karane meM lagI rahatI hai, dUsarI ora asaMkhya manuSya vinA anna aura vastrake jIvana vitA dete hai| eka ora jinhe / anna aura vastrakI AvazyakatA hai ve dAne dAneke liye tarasate hai aura dUsarI ora jinhe unakI AvazyakatA nahI hai ve anAvazyaka sacayake bhArase dave rahate hai| zAnti aura surakSAke liye kAnUnoMkI sRSTi kI jAtI hai aura unhe javaradastI palavAneke liye pulisa, senA aura jelakhAnokI sRSTi kI jAtI hai| anyAyake liye nyAyakA Dhoga racA jAtA hai aura satyako chipAneke liye asatya propagaNDA kiyA jAtA hai| ye samasyAeM sAre sasArake sAmane upasthita hai| yuddhake mahA

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204 jainadharma vinAzane yuddha lar3anevAloko bhI bhayabhIta kara diyA hai| sava cAhate hai yuddha na ho, kintu yuddhake jo kAraNa hai unheM choDanA nahIM caahte| sarvatra rAjanItika aura mArthika saghaTanoMmeM pArasparika avizvAsa aura pratihiMsAkI bhAvanA chipI huI hai| dUsaroko bevakUpha banAkara apanA kArya sAdhanA hI savakA mUlamatra banA huA hai, phira zAnti ho to kaise ho aura yuddha ruke to kaise ruke ? Adhunika samasyAke isa vihaMgAvalokanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vibhinna rASTroM aura jAtiyoke vIcameM hiMsAmUlaka vyavahArakA prAdhAnya hai| svArthaparatA, beImAnI, ghokhebAjI ye saba hiMsAke hI pratirUpa hai| inake rahate hue jaise do vyaktiyoMmeM prIti aura maMtrI nahIM ho sakatI vaise hI rASTro aura jAtiyoMme bhI maitrI nahI ho sktii| 'jiyo aura jIne doM kA jo siddhAnta vyaktiyoMke liye hai vahI jAtiyoM aura rASTroke liye bhI hai| jaba taka vibhinna rASTra aura jAtiyA~ ina siddhAntako nahI apanAte taba taka vizvako samasyAeM nahIM sulajha sakatI, balki aura ulajhatI hI jAyeMgI, jaisA ki pratyakSame dikhalAI par3atA hai / ata vizvakI samasyAoko sulajhAneke liye rASTroMkI zAsanapraNAlImeM AmUla parivartana honA cAhiye aura sAmAjika tathA Arthika vyavasthAome sazodhana honA caahiye| tathA vaha parivartana aura saMzodhana ahiMsAke siddhAntako jIvanapathake rUpameM svIkAra karake kiyA jAnA caahiye| yaha nahI bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki valaprayogake AdhArapara mAnavIya sambanvoMkI bhitti kabhI khaDI nahIM kI jA sktii| kauTumvika aura sAmAjika jIvanake nirmANameM bahuta aMgoMmeM sahAnubhUti, dayA, prema, tyAga aura sauhArdakA hI sthAna rahatA hai| eka bAta yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanI cAhiye ki vyaktigata AcaraNakA aura sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa' kA nikaTa sambandha hai / vyaktigata AcaraNase sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa banatA hai aura sAmAjika vAtAvaraNase vyaktitvakA nirmANa hotA hai|

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cArina 205 kisI samAjake antargata vyaktiyokA AcaraNa yadi dUpita ho to sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa kabhI zuddha ho hI nahI sakatA, aura sAmAjika vAtAvaraNake zuddha hue vinA vyaktiyoke AcaraName sudhAra honA zakya nhiiN| isaliye vyaktigata AcaraNake sudhArake sAtha sAtha sAmAjika vAtAvaraNako bhI svaccha banAnekI ceSTA honI cAhiye / isIse jainadharma pratyeka vyaktike AcaraNa nirmANapara jora dete hue usake jIvanase hisAmUlaka vyavahArako nikAlakara pArasparika vyavahArame maitrI, pramoda aura kAruNyakI bhAvanAse baratanekI salAha detA hai| itanA hI nahIM, balki vaha to yaha bhI cAhatA hai ki rAjA bhI aisA hI dhArmika hA, kyoki rAjanItime adhArmikatAke ghusa jAnese rASTrabharakA naitika jIvana gira jAtA hai aura phira vyakti yadi anaitikatAse bacanA bhI cAhe to baca nahIM pAtA, aneka vAhirI pralobhano aura AvazyakatAmose devakara vaha bhI anartha karaneke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai, jisakA udAharaNa yuddhakAlameM pracalita corabAjAra hai / ata rAjanIti, samAjanIti aura vyaktigata jIvanakA AdhAra yadi ahisAko banAyA jAye to rAjA aura prajA dono sukha zAntise raha sakate hai| ___ Aja jina dezome prajAtantra hai, una dezome yadyapi apanI apanI janatAka sukha dukhakA dhyAna pUrA pUrA rakhA jAtA hai, kintu dUsare dazIko janatAke sAtha vaisA hI vyavahAra nahI kiyA jAtA / bAteM acchI acchI kahI jAtI hai kintu vyavahAra unase bilkula viparIta kiyA jAtA hai| dUsare dezopara apanA svatva banAye rakhaneke lie rAjanaitika guTabandiyA~ kI jAtI hai| unake viruddha jhUThA pracAra karaneke lie lAkho rupayA vyaya kiyA jAtA hai aura yaha kahA jAtA hai ki hama unakI malAika lie hI unapara zAsana kara rahe haiN| zAsanataMtrake dvArA apanA bhAvakAra jamAkara una dezoke dhana aura janakA manamAnA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saba hiMsA, asatya aura corI nahIM hai to kyA hai ? yadi rASTrokA nirmANa ahiMsAke AdhArapara kiyA jAye aura asatya vyavahAra

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206 janaghana ko sthAna na diyA jAye to rASTroMmeM pArasparika avizvAsa aura pratihitAko bhAvanA dekhane ko bhI na mile| samasta rASTroMkA eka vizvasaMgha ho, jisameM saba rASTra samAna bhrAtRbhAvake AdhArapara eka kuTumbake rUpame sammilita hoM, na koI kisIkA gAtaka ho na gAsya ho / saba sabake du kha aura sakaTakA dhyAna rakhe / sabake sAtha savakA maitrI - bhAva, ho / yadi saba rASTra apanI apanI niyatoM kI saphAI karake isa tarahase eka sUtrame ba~dhe to na to yuddha hoM aura na yuddhake abhigApoMse janatAko tI kaSTa hI bhoganA par3e / Aja utpAdanake Upara eka rASTra yA jAtikA ekAdhikAra honese use apane lie dUra dUrase kaccA mAla maMgAnA par3atA hai aura taiyAra hue mAlako khapAneke lie bAjAroMkI bhI khoja karanI par3atI hai aura unapara apanA kAbU rakhanA par3atA hai| phira bhale hI ve bAjAra duniyAke kisI bhI bhAga kyo na ho / Aja isI paddhatike kAraNa duniyA karAha rahI hai| duniyAko isase mukta karaneke liye bhI hame mahinAkA hI mArga apanAnA hogA / rASTroM aura jAtiyoMkI bhalAIkA sthAna vizvakI bhalAIko danA hogaa| hamArA jIvana bhautika duniyAko AvazyakatAoMke anusAra nahI calAyA jA sakatA / hameM banAvaTI taurapara pahale apanI jarUratoko baDhAne aura phira unako pUrA karanekI koziza nahIM karanI cAhiye / jIvanakA Ananda isapara nirbhara nahI karatA ki hamAre pAsa kitanI jyAdA cIjeM hai ? jo vyakti, samAja yA rASTra jIvanako banAvaTI AvazyakatAoMko baDhAkara usIko pUrti ke lie prayatna karatA rahatA hai aura binA jarUratake cIjokA saMgraha karatA hai, vaha dukho aura pApokA sagraha karatA hai| isIse jainadharmane parigrahako pApa batalAyA hai bIra pratyeka gRhatyake lie yaha niyama rakhA hai ki vaha apanI icchAjo ko sImita karake apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra sabhI Avazyaka vastulokI eka sImA nirdhArita kara le aura usase adhikakA tyAga kara de / Aja utpAdana aura vitaraNa ke praznane duniyAmeM virATa

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cAritra 207 / rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai, jisake kAraNa duniyAkI Arthika viSamatAkA / saMtulana karanA kaThina ho rahA hai / jainadharmake pravartaka zrIRSabhadevane yugake Adime manuSyokI isI sacayavRttiko lakSyakara pratyeka gRhasthake lie parigraha parimANa vratakA nirdeza kiyA thaa| usa vyavasthAme bhoga vilAsa jIvanakA dhyeya na thaa| bhogapara jora denese hI vyavasthAkA AdhAra 'mauja, majA aura adhikAra ho gayA hai| jisakA AkhirI natIjA sagharSa aura yaddhoMkA tAMtA hai| isake viruddha yadi hama anAvazyaka icchAoke niyamanapara jora de to jIvanapara niyaMtraNa kAyama hotA hai aura hamArI jarUrateM sImita ho jAtI hai / jarUratoko sImita kiye binA yadi kAnUnoMke AdhArapara utpAdana aura vitaraNakA pravandha kiyA bhI gayA to usame saphalatA nahIM mila sktii| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki kAnUnakI bhASA aura usakA pAlana karAneke AdhAra itane lacara hote hai ki manuSya apanI buddhike upayogake dvArA kAnUnoMko bhaGga karake bhI vacA rahatA hai| vAstavameM naitika AcaraNakA pAlana balapUrvaka nahIM karAyA jA sakatA / vaha bhItarIkI preraNAse hI ho sakatA hai| ata kAnUnase / adhika zaktizAlI aura lAbhadAyaka mArga Atmasayama hai / jaba manuSya | apanA aura samAjakA lAbha samajha kara usakA anusaraNa karane lagatA hai to vaha svayaM saMyamI bananekI koziza karane lagatA hai| isa taraha jaba sayamI puruSa UMce starapara pahuMca jAtA hai to vaha svaya udAharaNa banakara dUsaroko bhI saMyamI bananekI satata preraNA detA hai aura isa taraha samA- / jake naitika jIvanako unnata banAneme nirantara yogadAna karatA rahatA hai| saMyamakI isI zikSAkA pariNAma brahmacarya aura aparigrahanata hai| yadi manuSyasamAjakI vAsanAo aura lAlasAmokA niyatraNa na kiyA jAyegA to usakA zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika svAsthya naSTa ho jAyegA aura usakA vikAsa ruka jaayegaa| isa vivecanase hama isa natIjepara pahuMcate haiM ki jainadharmameM pratyeka

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janavarma gRhasthake lie jina pAMca aNuvratoMkA pAlana karanA Avazyaka batalAyA I, yadi unhe sAmAjika aura rAjanItika jIvanakA bhI AdhAra vanAkara calA jAye to vizvakI aneka maulika samasyAeM saralatAse sulajha sakatI hai| ___ aba raha jAtA hai nadya, mAMsa aura madhukA tyAga tathA gRhasthake anya jata niyama / sabase yaha AgA nahI kI jA sakatI ki saba unakA pAlana kreNge| phira bhI jo unakA pAlana karegA use zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTise lAbha hI hogaa| madya aura mAMsa aisI cIjeM hai jinhe manuSyake Ama bhojanameM sthAna denA Avazyaka nahIM hai| dono hI tAmasika hai aura tAmasika AhAra vihArake hote hue sAttvika bhAvoMkA vikAsa nahI ho sktaa| aura sAtvika bhAvokA vikAsa hue vinA ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa nahI bana sktaa| aura ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa banAye vinA duniyAko sukha gAnti nasIva nahI ho sakatI / ata unako orase manuSyokA mana yadi haTa sake to usase una manuSyokA tathA saMsArakA lAbha hI hogaa| manuSya svabhAva nato acchA hotA aurnburaa| vaha to kaccI gIlI miTTIke samAna hai| cAhe jisa rUpame usakA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jina gharAnomeM madya mAsase paraheja kiyA jAtA hai unameM janma lenevAle bacce una cIjose paraheja karate hai aura jina gharAnome unakA calana hai unameM janma lenevAle bacce usake abhyasta ho jAte hai| isase siddha hai ki isa prakArakI vastuose manuSyoMko bacAyA jA sakatA hai vaha unakA prAkRtika AhAra nahIM hai| kintu jina dezome annako kamI yA jalavAyuke prabhAvake kAraNa 'madya aura mAsase ekadama paraheja karanA zakya nahIM hai, una dezome bhI unapara amuka prakArake prativandha lagAkara kamame kama yaha bhAva to paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ye cIje manupyake liye prAdha nahIM hai kintu paristhiniyA unheM bAnA pAtA hai| apanI zakti, paristhiti aura gyapagAyo anumAra himAkA tyAga karake bhI manuSya ahiMmakorka - -- 0 0

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cAritra 206 zreNImeM sammilita ho sakatA hai| udAharaNake lie koI kasAI apanI ajIvikAkA sAdhana honese yadi pazuhatyAkA tyAga nahI kara sakatA to usake lie saptAhame eka dina usakA tyAga kara denA yA amuka prakArake pazuoMkI amuka saMkhyA hI hatyA karanekA niyama le lenA bhI ahiMsANuvatakI jaghanya zreNIme ginA jAtA hai / jaina purANoMmeM aise aneka udAharaNa pAye jAte haiM / yathA-eka munine eka mAsAhArI bhIlase kauvekA mAMsa khAnA chur3avA diyA thaa| isI prakAra eka machuveko yaha niyama dilA diyA thA ki usake jAlame jo pahalI machalI AyegI use vaha nahI maaregaa| eka cANDAlako, jo phA~sI lagAnekA kAma karatA thA, yaha niyama dilA diyA thA ki vaha caturdazIke dina kisIko phAMsI nahI degaa| ina choTI pratijJAone hI unheM kuchase kucha banA diyaa| mata. thoDA sA bhI pratibandha lagAkara yadi mAMsa aura madya sevanapara aMkuza rakhA jAye to unakA sevana karaneke abhyasta manuSya bhI unakI burAiyoMse baca sakate hai| aura usase samAjame phailanevAlI bahutasI vurAiyoMse samAjakA chuTakArA ho sakatA hai| jainadharmake niyama yadyapi kar3e dikhAyI dete hai kintu unake pAlanameM manuSyakI gakti aura paristhitikA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai isalie unakI kaThoratA khalatI nhii| usakA to eka hI dhyeya hai ki manuSya svayaM apanI aniyatrita svecchAcAritA para 'breka' lagAnA sIkhe aura burAIko karate hue bhI kamase kama itanA to na bhUle ki mai burA karatA huuN| yaha aisI cIja hai jise hara koI kara sakatA hai| isI taraha vRddhAvasthAmeM apane sAMsArika uttaradAyitvoMse avakAza lekara aura unakA bhAra apane uttarAdhikArIkosaupakara yadi manuSya Atma sAdhanAkA mArga svIkAra kara liyA kareM to usase eka orato kAryakSetrameM Aneke lie utsuka naye vyaktiyoMko sthAna milaneme sahaliyata hogI, dUsarI ora kauTumvika kaTutA ghttegii| sAtha hI sAtha AdhyAtmika vikAsakA mArga bhI cAlU rahegA aura usase saMsArako bahuta lAbha phuNcegaa|

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jainadharma 7 - munikA cAritra muni yA sAdhuke 28 mUlaguNa hote haiM / 1-5 pA~ca mahAvrata- ahiMsA mahAvrata, satya mahAvrata, acaurya mahAvrata, brahmacarya mahAvrata aura aparigraha mahAvrata / zrAvaka jina pA~ca vratoMkA eka dezase pAlana karatA hai sAghu unheM hI pUrI tarahase pAlate hai / arthAta ve chahoM kAyake jIva kA ghAta nahI karate aura rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha Adi bhAvoMko utpanna nahI hone dete / apane prANoMpara saMkaTa Anepara bhI kabhI jhUTha nahIM volate / cinA dI huI koI bhI vastu nahI lete / pUrNa zIlakA pAlana karate haiM aura antaraMga tathA bahiraMga, sabhI prakArake parigrahake tyAgI hote hai / kevala zauca Adike lie pAnI Avazyaka honese eka kamaDalU aura jIvarakSAkai liye morake svayaM gire hue paMkhoMkI eka pIchI apane pAsa rakhate hai / 210 6 - 10 pA~ca samiti - dinameM sUryake prakAzase prakAzita jamInako acchI tarahase dekhakara calate hai| jaba bolate haiM to hita aura mita vacana bolate hai / dinameM eka bAra zrAvakake ghara jAkara, yadi vaha zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha bhojanake lie nivedana kare to chiyAlIsa dopa TAlakara bhojana karate haiN| apane kamaMDala aura pIchI vagairahako dekhabhAlakara hAthameM lete hai aura dekhabhAlakara rakhate hai / malamUtra vagairaha sthAnapara karate hai jahA~ kisIko bhI usase kaSTa pahu~cane kI saMbhAvanA na ho| 11-15 pAMcoM indriyoMko vazameM rakhate hai - jo viSaya indriyoMko acche lagate haiM unase rAga nahI karate aura jo viSaya indriyoMko bure lagate hai unase dveSa nahI karate / 16-21 cha Avazyaka-pratidina sAmAyika karate hai, tIrthaGkarokI stuti karate haiM, unheM namaskAra karate haiM, pramAdase lage hue doSoM kA zodhana karate haiM, bhaviSya meM laga sakanevAle dopose bacaneke lie ayogya vastuoMkA mana, vacana aura kAyase tyAga karate hai aura lage hue doSoMkA zodhana karaneka lie athavA tapakI vRddhike lie, athavA karmokI nirjarA i

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cArita 211 ke lie kAyotsarga karate haiN| khar3e hokara, donoM bhujAoMko nIcekI bora laTakAkara, parake dono pajoko eka sIdhameM cAra agulake antarase rakhakara sAdhuke nizcala AtmacyAnameM lIna honeko kAyotsarga kahate hai| 22-lAna nahIM karate / gRhasyake ghara java AhArake lie jAte hai to gRhaspa hI unakA garIra poMcha dete hai| 23-dantaghAvana nahIM karate / bhojana karaneke samaya gRhasthake gharapara hI mukhagaddhi kara lete hai| 24-pRthvIpara sote haiN| 25-khar3e hokara bhojana karate hai| 26-dinameM eka bAra hI bhojana karate hai| 27-nagna rahate hai| 28-kezaloMca karate hai| ina 28 mUlaguNoMkA pAlana pratyeka jaina sAdhu karatA hai| usake Upara yadi koI kaSTa AtA hai to vaha usase vicalita nahIM hotA / bhUkha pyAsakI vedanAse pIDita honepara bhI kisIke Age hAtha nahI pasAratA aura na mukhapara dInatAke bhAva hI lAtA hai| jaise videzI sara. kArase asahayoga karanevAle satyAgrahI dezakI AjAdIke lie jelameM DAla diya jAnepara bhI na kisIse pharyAda karate the aura na kaSTose Ubakara mAphI mAMgate the kintu apane lakSyakI pUrtimeM hI tatpara rahate the usI prakAra jaina sAghu sAMsArika bandhanoke kAraNose asahayoga karake kaSToMse na ghabarA kara AtmAkI muktike lie sadA udyogazIla rahatA hai| jo loga use satAte hai, dukha dete hai, apazabda kahate hai, unapara vaha krodha nahI krtaa| use kisIse laDAI jhagaDA karanekA koI prayojana nahI hai vaha to apane kartavyameM masta rahatA hai| usake lie zatru-mitra, mahalasmazAna, kaMcana-kAMca, nindA-stuti, saba samAna hai| yadi koI usakI pUjA karatA ha to use bhI vaha AzIrvAda detA hai aura yadi koI usapara talavArase vAra karatA hai to usakI bhI hitakAmanA karatA hai| use

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janadharma na kisIse rAga hotA hai aura na kisIpara dveSa / rAga aura dveSako dUra karaneke lie hI to vaha sAdhukA AcaraNa pAlatA hai| jaisA ki likhA hai mohatimirApaharaNe darzanalAbhAdavAptasajJAna / rAgadveSanivRtya caraNa pratipadyate sAdhu // 47 // rAgadveSanivRtte hiMsAdinivartanA kRtA bhavati // anapekSitArthavRtti ka puruSa. sevate nRpatIn ||4||"-rtnkr0 zrA0 arthAt-'moharUpI andhakArake dUra ho jAne para samyagdarzanakI prApti honeke sAtha hI sAtha jise saccA jJAna bhI prApta ho gayA hai, vaha sAdhu rAga aura dveSako dUra karaneke lie cAritrakA pAlana karatA hai| (isa para yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki cAritra to hiMsA vagairaha pApose bacane ke lie pAlA jAtA hai na ki rAgadveSakI nivRtti ke lie; kyoki jainadharmame ahiMsA hI ArAdhya hai| to usakA samAdhAna karate hai) rAga aura dveSake dUra ho jAnepara hiMsA vagairaha pApa to svaya hI dUra ho jAte haiN| kyoki jisa manuSyako AjIvikAkI cintA nahI hai vaha rAjAoMko sevA karane kyo jAyegA? ata. jise kisIse rAga aura dveSa hI nahI rahA vaha hiMsA vagairahake kArya karegA hI kyoM?' ____ ata sAdhu vAhirI samasta vAtose itanA udAsIna ho jAtA hai ki vaha kisIkI ora apekSAvRttise dhyAna hI nahI detA / jainadharmame sAdhuko atyanta nirIha vRttivAlA aura atyanta saMyata batalAyA hai, tathA isIlie usakI AvazyakatAeM atyanta parimita rakhI gayI hai / sAdhu honeke lie use saba vastra utArakara nagna honA paDatA hai isasa eka ora to usakI nirvikAratA spaSTa ho jAtI hai dUsarI ora usa apanI nagnatAko DhAMkanake lie kisIse yAcanA nahIM karanA par3atI jo nirvikAra nahIM hai vaha kabhI buddhipUrvaka nagna ho nahIM sktaa| vikAra ko chipAneke lie hI manuSya laMgoTI lagAtA hai| aura yadi laMgorTa phaTa jAye yA khoI jAye to use calanA phiranA kaThina ho jAtA hai AvazyakatAe~ anya atyanta saMyata batalAyA sAdhu honeke lie

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cAritra 213 kintu bacapana meM vahI manuSya naMgA ghUmatA hai, use dekhakara kisIko lajjA nahI hotI, kyoki vaha svaya nirvikAra hai / jaba usameM vikAra Ane lagatA hai tabhI vaha nagnatAse sakucAne lagatA hai aura use chipAne ke lie AvaraNa lagAtA hai / prakRti to sabako digambara hI paidA karatI he pIchese manuSya kRtrimatAke ADambarame pha~sa jAtA hai| ataH jo sAdhu hotA hai vaha kRtrimatAko haTAkara prAkRtika sthitime A jAtA hai / use phira kRtrima upakaraNoMkI AvazyakatA nahI rahatI / isIlie sira aura dAr3hI mUcho kezoMko dUsare, cauthe athavA chaThe mahIne meM baha apane hAthase upAra DAlatA hai / sAghutvakI dIkSA lete samaya bhI use kezoMkA luJcana karanA hotA hai| aisA karaneke kaI kAraNa hai -- prathama to aisA karanese jo sukhazIla vyakti hai aura kisI gharelU kaThinAI yA anya kisI kAraNase sAdhu bananA cAhate hai ve jaldI isa ora agrasara nahI hote aura isa taraha pAkhaNDiyoMse sAghusaghakA bacAva ho jAtA hai / dUsare, sAdhu honepara yadi keza rakhate hai to unameM jUM vagairaha par3ane se ve hiMsAke kAraNa vana jAte hai aura yadi kSaurakarma karAte hai to usake lie dUsaroMse paisA vagairaha mA~ganA par3atA hai / ata vairAgya vagairahakI vRddhike lie yatijanoMko kezaloca karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai / liMga cihnako kahate hai| jina liMga yA cihnose munikI pahacAna hotI hai ve munike liMga kahalAte hai| liMga do prakArake hote hai dravyaliMga arthAt bAhyacihna aura bhAvaliMga arthAt Abhyantara cihna | jainamunike ye donoM cihna isa prakAra batalAye hai " javajAdaruvajAda uppAdikesamaMsuga suddha | rahida hiMsAdIdo appaDikamma havadi liMga // 5 // mucchArambhavimukka jutta uvajogajogasuddhIhi / liMga Na parAvekkha aNabhavakAraNa jenha // 6 // -- pravacanasA0 3 / 'manuSya jaisA utpanna hotA hai vaisA hI usakA rUpa ho arthAt nagna ho, sira aura dADhI mUchoMke vAla ukhAr3e hue hoM, samasta bure kAmoMse bacA huA ho, hisA Adi pApose rahita ho aura apane zarIrakA saMskAra

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24 jainadharma vagairaha na karatA ho| yaha saba to jaina sAdhuke vAhya cihna hai| tathA mamatva aura bhArambhase mukta ho, upayoga aura mana vacana kAyakI zuddhise yukta ho, dUsarokI racamAtra bhI apekSA na rakhatA ho| ye sava Abhyantara cihna hai jo mokSake kAraNa hai|' ___ isa yugame yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki bAhirI cihnakI kyaa| AvazyakatA hai ? magara vAhirI cihnose hI AbhyantarakI pahacAna hotI hai| AMkhoMse to bAhirI cihna hI dekhe jAte haiM unhIko dekhakara loga unake abhyantarako pahacAnanekA prayatna karate hai| tathA lokama bhI mudrAkI hI mAnyatA hai| rAjamudrAke honese hI jarA sA kAgaja hajAro rupayome bika jAtA hai| ata. draliMga bhI Avazyaka hai| ___ isa taraha jainadharmameM sAdhuko vilkula nirapekSa rakhanekA hI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI use zarIrako banAye rakhane ke lie bhojanako AvazyakatA hotI hai aura usake lie use gRhasthoke ghara jAnA par3atA hai| vahAM jAkara bhI vaha kisIke gharame nahI jAtA aura na kisIsa kucha mAMgatA hI ha / kevala bhojanake samaya vaha gRhasthoke dvAraparase nikala jAtA hai| gRhasthoke lie yaha Avazyaka hotA hai ki ve bhojana taiyAra honepara apane apane dvArapara khaDe hokara sAghukI pratIkSA kare / yadi koI sAdhu udharase nikalatA hai to use dekhate hI ve kahate hai'svAmin Thahariye, Thahariye, Thahariye / ' yadi sAdhu Thahara jAte hai to vaha unha apane gharameM le jAkara UMce Asanapara baiThA detA hai| phira unake para ghotA hai| phira unakI pUjA karatA hai| phira unheM namaskAra karatA hai| phira kahatA hai-mana zuddha, vacana zuddha, kAya zuddha aura anna zuddha / ' ina saba kAryoMko navadhA bhakti kahate haiN| navadhA bhaktike karanepara hI sAdhu bhojanagAlAmeM padhArate hai| isa navadhA bhaktise eka to sAdhuko sadgRhanyakI pahacAna ho jAtI hai-ve jAna jAte hai ki yaha gRhasya pramAdI hai yA apramAdI? isake yahAM bhojana sAvadhAnIse banAyA gayA hai yA anAvadhAnIsa ? dUsare, isase gRhasya ke manameM avajJAkA bhAva

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cAritra 215 nahIM rahatA aura isalie vaha jo kucha detA hai vaha bhAra samajhakara nahI detA kintu apanA kartavya samajhakara prasannatAse detA hai / jahA~ sAdhu mAMgate hai aura gRhastha unheM duradurAte hai vahA~ sAdhu na AtmakalyANa kara pAtA hai aura na parakalyANa hI kara pAtA hai| isalie jaina sAdhu vidhipUrvaka diye jAnepara hI bhojana grahaNa karate hai| anyathA lauTa jAte haiN| __bhojanazAlAme jAkara ve khar3e ho jAte hai aura dono hAthoko dhokara aMjuli banA lete haiN| gRhastha unakI bAeM hAthakI hathelIpara pAsa banA banAkara rakhatA jAtA hai aura ve use acchI tarahase dekha bhAlakara dAyeM hAthakI aMguliyose uThA uThAkara muMhame rakhate jAte hai| yadi grAsameM koi jIva jantu yA bAla dikhAyI de jAtA hai, to bhojana chor3a dete hai| bhojanake bahutase antarAya jaina zAstroMme batalAye gaye hai| pahale likha Aye hai ki bhojana kevala jIvana ke lie kiyA jAtA haiM aura jIvana rakSaNakA uddezya kevala dharmasAdhana hai| ata. jahA~ thor3I sI bhI dharmame bAdhA AtI hai bhojanako turanta chor3a dete hai| hAthameM bhojana karanA bhI isIliye batalAyA hai ki yadi antarAya ho jAye to' bahutasA jhUThA anna chor3anA na par3e, kyoMki thAlIme bhojana karanese antarAya ho jAnepara bharI huI thAlI bhI choDanI par3a sakatI hai| dUsare, pAtra hAthame lekara mojanake lie nikalanese dInatA bhI mAlUma hotI hai|' gRhasyake pAtrame khAnese pAtrako mAMjane dhonekA jhagar3A rahatA hai, tathA pAtrame khAnase baiThakara khAnA hogA, jo sAdhuke lie ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki baiThakara khAnese sAdhu ArAmase amaryAdita AhAra kara sakatA hai tathA sukhazIla bana sakatA hai| ata. khar3e hokara AhAra karanA hI usake lie vidheya rakhA gayA hai| sAdhuko apanA adhikAMza samaya svAdhyAyameM hI vitAnA hotA hai , svAdhyAyake cAra kAla batalAye hai-prAta do ghar3I dina tinepara svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura madhyAhna honase do ghar3I samApta kara denA cAhiya / phira madhyAhnake bAda do ghar3I tane5

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.-216 jainadharma svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura jaba dina asta honemeM do ghaDI kAla vAkI rahe to samApta kara denA caahiye| phira do ghaDI rAta vIta jAnepara svAdhyAya prArambha karanA caahiye| aura AdhI rAta honese do ghaDI pahale samApta kara denA caahiye| phira AdhI rAta honeke do ghaDI vAdase svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura rAtakA anta hone meM do ghar3I vAkI rahanepara samApta kara denA caahiye| sAthapho dinacaryA sAdhuko cAhiye ki madhya rAtrimeM 4 ghar3Itaka nidrA lekara, thakAna dUra karake, svAdhyAya prArambha kare aura java rAta bItanemeM do ghaDI kAla zeSa raha jAya to svAdhyAya samApta karake pratikramaNa kre| khUva abhyasta yogI bhI kSaNabharake pramAdase samAdhicyuta ho jAtA hai| ata sAdhuko sadA apramAdI rahanA caahiye| tInoM saMdhyAome jinadevakI vandanA karanI cAhiye aura cittako sthira karaneke lie unake guNokA cintana karanA cAhiye / kAyotsarga karate samaya hRdayakamalame prANavAyuke sAtha manakA niyamana karake Namo arahatANa NamosiddhANa kA dhyAna karanA caahiye| phira dhIre dhIre vAyuko nikAla denA caahiye| phira prANavAyuko andara le jAkara Namo AiriyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANa' kA dhyAna karanA cAhiye aura vAyuko dhIre-dhIre bAhara nikAla denA caahiye| phira prANavAyuko andara le jAkara Namo loe savvasAhUNa' kA dhyAna karanA cAhiye aura vAyuko dhIre-dhIre vAhara nikAlanA caahiye| isa prakAra nau vAra karanese cirasacita pApa naSTa hote hai| jo sAdhu prANa-vAyuko niyamana kara sakanameM samarthana ho ve vacanake dvArA hI Upara likhe gaye pAMca namaskAra matrokA japa kara sakate hai| yaha paMca namaskAra maMtra samasta vighnoko naSTa karanevAlA aura sava maGgaloMmeM mukhya maMgala mAnA gayA hai| kAyotsargake pazcAt stuti vandanA Adi karake AtmAkA dhyAna karanA cAhiye, kyoki AtmadhyAnake vinA mumukSu sAdhukI koI bhI kriyA mokSasAdhaka nahIM hotii|

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cAritra 21 isa prakAra prAta kAlIna devabandanAko karake phira siddhokI, zAstra kI aura apane guru AcArya vagairahakI bhakti karanI caahiye| isa kA prabhAtame do ghaDItaka prAta.kAlIna kRtya karake phira sAdhuko svAcyA karanA caahiye| usake bAda bhojana karanekI icchA honepara 2 // tro vidhike anusAra bhojana grahaNa karanA cAhiye / aura bhojana . . hone para agale dinatakake lie bhojanakA tyAga kara denA cAhiye phira lage hue doSoMkA zodhana karake madhyAhnake bAda do ghar3I - 5 svAdhyAya karanA cAhiye / jaba dina do ghaDI bAkI rahe to svAcyA samApta.karake aura dina bharake doSoMkA parimArjana karake . pAyaka vandanA karanI caahiye| phira devabandanA karake do ghar3I rAta jAne5 svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura AdhI rAta honameM do ghar3I vAka raha jAnepara samApta kara denA cahiye / phira cAra ghar3Itaka ma eka karavaTase zayana karanA cAhiye / yaha sAdhukA nitya kRtya hai naimittika kRtya mUlAcAra, anagAradharmAmRta Adi granthoMse jAnA jA sakatA hai| sAdhuke sambandhameM aura jo bAte jaina zAstrome likhI hai unama. kucha isa prakAra hai sAdhu jaba dhUpase chAyAme yA chAyAse dhUpame jAte hai to mosaMkhI pIchIse apane zarIrako sApha karake jAte hai| isI taraha java bai hai to usa sthAnako pIchIse sApha karake baiThate hai jisase koI jIvana unake nIce dabakara mara na jaaye| jisa gharame pazu baMdhe hoM yA kara burA kArya hotA ho usa gharameM sAdhuko bhojanake lie nahIM jAnA cAhiye tathA gharake andara jAkara bAra bAra dAtAkI ora nahIM dekhanA cAhiye yadi saMghame koI sAdhu bImAra ho jAye to usakI kamI bhI upekSA naha karanA cAhiye / akele sAdhuko kahI nahI jAnA cAhiye, java kahA jAye to dUsare sAdhuke sAtha hI jAnA cAhiye / guruko dekhate hI 6 khar3e honA cAhiye aura unhe namaskAra karanA caahiye| guru jo vasta

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Labe jainavarma de use atyanta Adarake sAtha donoM hAthoMse lenA cAhiye aura lekara puna. namaskAra karanA cAhiye / jinhone dIkSA dI ho, jo par3hAte hoM, prAyazcita dete ho aura samAdhi maraNa karAte hoM ve tava guru hote haiN| - 218 prANa cale jAnepara bhI sAdhuko dInatA nahI dikhalAnA cAhiye / bhUkha se zarIrakA kRza bora malina honA sAghuke lie bhUSaNa hai, pavitra manavAlA sAghu usase lajAtA nahI hai / jisakA mana zuddha hai use hI guddha kahA jAtA hai| mana guddhike binA snAna karanepara bhI zuddhi nahI hotI / sAdhuko citrameM aMkita bhI strIkA sparga nahI karanA cAhiye / jinakA smaraNa bhI khataranAka hai unako sparza karanA to dUrakI bAta hai / sAdhuko rAtrime aise sthAnapara nahIM sonA cAhiye jahA~ striyA~ rahatI hoM / na tAdhviyoMke sAtha mArgameM calanA hI cAhiye / tathA ekAkI sAdhuko kitI ekAkI strI ke sAtha na gapApa karanI cAhiye, na bhojana karanA cAhiye aura na baiThanA hI cAhiye / jahA~ vAsa karane se sAdhukA mana cacala ho usa dezako chor3a denA cAhiye / jo pA~co prakArake vastrase rahita hai ve hI nirgrantha kahalAte haiM, anyathA sonA-cA~dI vagairaha kauna sA rakhatA hai ? parigrahako burAiyA~ batalAte hue eka jainAcAryane ThIka hI likhA hai"parigrahavatAM tAM bhayamavaJyamApadyate prakopaparihitane ca paruSAnRtavyAhRtI / mamatvamaya corato svananataJca vibhrAntatA kutohi kaluSAtmanAM paramadyuklavaddhyAnatA // 42 // " pAtrake 0 sto0 / 'parigrahavAloMko cora AdikA bhaya avazya satAtA hai / corI ho jAnepara gussA aura mAra DAlaneke bhAva hote haiM, kaThora aura asatya vacana bolatA hai / mamatva honese mana bhrAnta ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM kalupita AtmAvAle sAdhuoMko utkRSTa zukla dhyAna kaise ho sakatA hai|' ata. sAdhuko bilkula aparigrahI honA cAhiye / Upara sAbuko jo caryA vatalAyI hai usase spaSTa hai ki jainadharmameM

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cAritra 21. sAghu jIvana bar3A kaThora hai| jo sasAra, zarIra aura bhogokI asAratA ko hRdayagama kara cuka hai, ve hI use apanA sakate haiM / sukhazIla manuSyorka, gujara usameM nahI ho sktii| jaina sAdhukA jIvana bitAnA sacamuca 'tala vArakI dhAra ghAvano' hai / Ajakalake sukhazIla logoMko sAdhu jIvana kI yaha kaThoratA sambhavata. sahya na ho aura ve ise vyartha samajheM / kinta unheM yaha na bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki AjAdI prApta karanA kitanA kaThina,' hai ? jisa dezapara videzI zakti prabhutA jamA baiThatI hai, vahA~se ura nikAlanA kitanA kaThina hotA hai yaha hama bhuktabhogI bhAratIyoM chipA nahI / phira agaNita bhavoMse jo karmavancana AtmAse ba~dhe hu! hai unase mukti saralatAse kaise ho sakatI hai ? zarIra aura indriya AtmAke sAthI nahI hai kintu usako parataMtra banAye rakhanevAle karmoda' sAthI hai / jo unheM apanA samajhakara unake lAlana-pAlanakI cinta karatA hai vaha karmokI jaMjIroMko aura dRr3ha karatA hai / inaka upamA aMgrejI zAsanake una prabandhakoMse kI jA sakatI hai jine janatAkI jAna-mAlakA rakSaka kahA jAtA thA kintu jo avasA milate hI A~khe badalakara bhakSaka bana jAte the / ataH apanA kA nikAlane bharake lie hI inakI apekSA karanI cAhiye aura kAma nika jAnepara unheM mu~ha nahI lagAnA cAhiye / yahI dRSTikoNa sAghukI caryA rakhA gayA hai| jaina siddhAntakA yaha bhI Azaya nahIM hai ki dukha uThAna hI mukti milatI hai / gusseme Akara svayaM kaSTa uThAnA yA dUsaroka kaSTa denA burA hai / kintu saMsArakI vAstavika sthitiko jAnakara usa apaneko mukta karane ke lie muktike mArgame paira rakhanepara dukhokI 21 nahI kI jaatii| jaisA ki likhA hai { 'na duHkha na sukha yadvad heturdR STazcikitsite / cikitsAyAM tu yuktasya syAd duHkhamathavA sukham // na duHkha na sukhaM tadvad heturmokSasya sAdhane / mokSopAye tu yuktasya syAd duHkhamathavA sukham // ' savArtha0 // arthAt -- jaise rogase chuTakArA pAneme na dukha hI kAra

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jainadharma aura na sukha hI kAraNa hai, kintu cikitsAmeM laganepara dukha ho athavA atyakha ho| usI taraha mokSakA sAdhana karanemeM na dukha hI kAraNa hai aura skA sukha hI kAraNa hai| kintu muktikA upAya karanepara cAhe dukha ho yA ta dekha ho, usakI paravAha nahIM kI jaatii|' Na ca ata sAdhukI caryAkI kaThoratA sAdhuko jAna bUjhakara dukhI karanezarIra uddezyase nirdhArita nahIM kI gayI hai kintu use sAvadhAna, kaSTasahiSNu kA saura sadA jAgarUka rakhane ke lie kI gayI hai| hA ja kucha loga sAdhuke snAna aura dantadhAvana na karaneko burI nigAhase / sAkhate hai, kintu unake na karanepara bhI jaina sAdhukI zArIrika svacchatA smarNanIya hotI hai| kucha loga kahate hai ki jaina sAdhuoMke dAMtopara mala to mA rahatA hai aura usapara yadi paisA cipaka jAye to use utkRSTa sAdhu na sAhA jAtA hai| kintu yaha saba dantakathA mAtra hai, dA~toMpara maila tabhI to kimatAhai java AMtoMme mala bharA rahatA hai| jaina sAdhu eka vArameM parimita [cAra halkA AhAra lete hai ata na AMtomeM mala rahatA hai aura na dAMtopara vacalaha jamatA hai| ekabAra kisIne likhA thA ki jaina sAdhu apane pAsa se rakti jhADU rakhate hai usase ve calate samaya Age jhAr3akara calate hai| yaha sAdhu korI gappa hI hai| mora paMkhakI pIchI zarIra aura baiThanekA sthAna raha zodhanemeM kAma AtI hai, vaha jhAr3a nahIM hai| ye saba dveSI athavA samajha logoMkI kalpanAeM hai| jaina sAdhukA zarIra asvaccha ho sakatA . kintu usakI AtmA atisvaccha hotI hai| mamatva -guNasthAna __ jaina siddhAntameM saMsArake saba jIvoko caudaha sthAnoMme vibhAjita pAyA hai| una sthAnoko guNasthAna kahate hai / guNa yA svabhAva pAMca jAnakArake hote hai-audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika nivAra pAriNAmika ! jo guNa karmoke udayase utpanna hotA hai use audaluSita ka kahate hai| jo guNa koMke upazama anudayase hotA hai use aupaza avaka kahate hai / jo guNa karmoka kSaya-vinAzase prakaTa hotA hai use

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cAritra kSAyika kahate hai| jo guNa karmoke kSaya aura upazaye hotA hai usa kSAyopazamika kahate hai aura jo guNa karmoke udaya, upagama, kSaya au kSayopazamake vinA svabhAvase hI hotA hai use pAriNAmika kahate hai cUMki jIva ina guNavAlA hotA hai isalie AtmAko bhI guNanAmara kahA jAtA hai aura usake sthAna guNasthAna kahe jAte hai / ve caudaha hai, mithyAdRSTi, sAsAdana samyagdRSTi, samyaDamithyAdRSTi, asayatasamya gdRSTi, sayatAsaMyata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRtti vAdarasAmparAya, sUkSmasAmparAya, upazAntakapAya vItarAga chadmasthA kSINakaSAya vItarAga chamastha, sayoga kevalI aura ayoga kevlii| cUMdhi ye guNasthAna AtmAke guNoke vikAsako lekara mAne gaye hai isalie, ekadRSTise ye AdhyAtmika utthAna aura patanake cArTa jaise hai| inheM hama AtmAkI bhUmikAe~ bhI kaha sakate hai| pahale kahe gaye ATha karmoMmeM se sabase pravala mohanIyakarma hai| yaha karma hI AtmAkI samasta zaktiyoko vikRta karake na to use san mArgakA-AtmasvarUpakA bhAna hone detA hai aura na usa mArgapara calana detA hai| kintu jyo hI AtmAke Uparase mohakA pardA haTane lagatA hai tyo hI usake guNa vikasita hone lagate hai / ata ina guNasthAnokI racanAme mohake caDhAva aura utArakA hI jyAdA hAtha hai| inaka. svarUpa saMkSepame kramaza. isa prakAra hai 1 mithyASTi- mohanIya karmake eka bheda mithyAtvake udayara jo jIva apane hitAhitakA vicAra nahIM kara sakate, athavA vicAra kareM sakanepara bhI ThIka vicAra nahIM kara sakate ve jIva mithyAdRSTi jAte hai| jaise jvaravAleko madhura rasa bhI acchA mAlUma nahI hotA hI unheM bhI dharma acchA nahIM mAlUma hotA / saMnArake adhikatara jITa isI zreNIke hote haiN| 2 sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi-jo jIva miyyAla karmale udayake haTAkara samyagdRSTi ho jAtA hai vaha java samyaktvate cyuta hopara mivyAtva

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522 jainadharma ne jAtA hai to donoke bIcakA yaha darjA hotA hai| jaise pahAr3akI coTati de koI AdamI luDake to jabataka vaha jamInameM nahIM A jAtA tabataka se na pahADakI coTIpara hI kahA jA sakatA ha aura na jamInapara ho, se hI ise bhI jAnanA caahiye| samyaktva coTIke samAna hai, mithyAtva mInake samAna hai aura yaha gaNalyAna bIcake DhAla mArgake samAna hai| ta jaba koI jIva Age kahe jAnevAle cauthe gaNasyAnase giratA hai bhI yaha guNasthAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAnameM Aneke vAda jIva niyama hale guNasthAname pahu~ca jAtA hai| 3 samya miyyAdRSTi-jaise dahI aura guDako milA denepara noMkA milA huA svAda hotA hai usI prakAra eka hI kAlameM samyava aura mithyAtvarUpa mile hue pariNAmoMko mamyamiyyAdRSTi hate hai| 4 asaMyatasamyagdRSTi-jisa jIvakI dRSTi aryAt zraddhA samIcIna tI hai use samyagdRSTi kahate hai / aura jo jIva samyagdRSTi to hotA kintu saMyama nahI pAlatA vaha asaMyata samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai| hA bhI hai 'No iMdiyesu virado No jIve thAvare tase vA vi / jo saihadi giNuta sammAiTThI avirado to // 29 // ' -go0 jIva0 'jo na to indriyoke viSayoMte virakta hai aura na trasa aura sthAvara vokI hiMsAkA hI tyAgI hai, kintu jinendradeva dvArA kahe gaye mArgakA dviAna karatA hai tathA jise usapara dRr3ha AsthA hai, vaha jIva asaMyata myandRSTi hai|' Ageke saba guNasthAna samyagdRSTike hI hote hai| 5 saMyatAsayata-jo saMyata bhI ho aura asaMyata bhI ho use yatAsaMyata kahate hai| arthAt jo trasa jIvokI hiMsAkA tyAgI hai aura thAzakti apanI indriyopara bhI niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai use saMyatAsaMyata kahate hai| pahale jo gRhasthakA cAritra batalAyA hai vaha saMyatAsayatakA

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cAritra 223 hI cAritra hai / vratI gRhasthoMko hI sayatAsayata kahate hai / isa guNa - spAnase Age ke jitane guNasthAna hai ve saba sayamakI hI mukhyatAse hote hai / 6 pramatta saMyata--jo pUrNa sayamako pAlate hue bhI pramAdake kAraNa usame kabhI kabhI kucha asAvadhAna ho jAte hai una muniyoMko pramattasayata kahate hai | 7 apramattasaMyata - jo pramAdake na honese askhalita sayamakA pAlana karate haiM, dhyAname magna una muniyoko apramatta sayata kahate hai / sAtaveM guNasthAnase Age do zreNiyA~ prArambha hotI hai eka upazama zreNi aura dUsarI ksspkshrenni| zreNi kA matalaba hai pakti yA katAra / jisa zreNipara yaha jIva karmoMkA upazama karatA huA unheM dabAtA | huA caDhatA hai use upazama zreNi kahate hai aura jisa zreNipara karmoko naSTa karatA huA caDhatA hai use kSapaka zreNi kahate hai / pratyeka zreNIma cAra cAra guNasthAna hote haiN| AThavIM, nauvAM aura dasavA~ guNasthAna upazama zreNime bhI zAmila hai aura kSapaka zreNimeM bhI zAmila hai / gyArahavA~ guNasthAna kevala upazama zreNikA hI hai aura bArahavA~ guNasthAna kevala kSapaka zreNikA hI hai / ye sabhI guNasthAna kramaza hote hai mAra dhyAnameM magna muniyoMke hI hote hai / 8 apUrva karaNa -- karaNa zabdakA artha pariNAma hai / aura jo pahala nahI hue unheM apUrva kahate hai / dhyAname magna jina muniyoke pratyeka samayame apUrva apUrvaM pariNAma yAnI bhAva hote hai unhe apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnavAlA kahA jAtA hai| isa guNasthAname na to kisI karmakA upazama hotA hai aura na kSaya hotA hai / kintu usake lie taiyArI hotI hai, jIvake bhAva prati samaya unnata, unnata hote cale jAte hai / & anivRtti bAdara sAmparAya -- samAna samayavartI jIvoMke pariNAmome koI bheda na honeko anivRtti kahate hai / apUrvakAraNa kI taraha yadyapi yahA~ bhI prati samaya apUrva apUrva pariNAma hI hote hai kintu apUrvakaraNameM to eka samayame aneka pariNAma honese samAna samayavartI jIvoM ke

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224 jainadharma riNAma samAna bhI hote hai aura asamAna bhI hote hai / parantu isa guNasthAnameM eka samayame eka hI pariNAma honeke kAraNa samAna samayame hanevAle sabhI jIvoke pariNAma samAna hI hote hai / una pariNAmoMko nivRttikaraNa kahate hai / aura bAdara sAmparAyakA artha 'sthUlakaSAya' hotA hai / isa anivRttikaraNake honepara ghyAnastha muni yA to karmoM ko vA detA hai yA unheM naSTa kara DAlatA hai / yahA~ takake saba guNasthAnome thUlakaSAya pAyI jAtI hai, yaha batalAne ke lie isa guNasthAnake nAmake sAtha 'bAdara sAmparAya' pada joDA gayA hai| kahA bhI hai 'hoti aNiyaTiNo te parisamayaM jesimekkapariNAmA / vimalayarajhANahuyavahasihAhi NiddaddvakammavaNA // 57 // ' 've jIva anivRttikaraNa pariNAmavAle kahalAte haiM, jinake prati - samaya eka hI pariNAma hotA hai, aura jo atyanta nirmala dhyAnarUpI afrat zikhAoMse karmarUpI vanako jalA DAlate hai / ' 10 sUkSma sAmparAya ukta prakArake pariNAmoke dvArA jo dhyAnastha muni kaSAyako sUkSma kara DAlate hai unhe sUkSma sAmparAya guNasthAnavAlA kahA jAtA hai| 11 upagAntakaSAya vItarAga chadyastha-upazama zreNipara caDhanevAle dhyAnastha muni java usa sUkSmakaSAyako bhI davA dete hai to unhe upazAntakaSAya kahate hai / pahale likha Aye hai ki Age baDhanevAle dhyAnI muni AThave guNasthAnase do zreNiyomeM ba~Ta jAte hai / unameM se upagama zreNivAle mohako dhIre dhIre sarvathA davA dete hai para use nirmUla nahI kara pAte / ata. jaiseM kisI vartaname bharI huI bhApa apane vegase Dhakkanako nIce girA detI hai, vaise hI isa guNasthAnameM Anepara davA huA moha upagama zreNivAle AtmAoko apane vegase nIcekI ora girA detA hai / isameM kapAyako bilkula davA diyA jAtA hai / ataeva kaSAyakA udaya na honese isakA nAma upazAntakapAya vItarAga hai / kintu isameM pUrNa jJAna aura darzanako rokanevAle karma maujUda rahate hai liye ine chan bhI kaha

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225 cArita 12 kSINakApAya vItarAga chamasya-kSapaka zreNipara caDhanevAle muni mohako dhIre dhIre naSTa karate karate jaba sarvathA nimala kara TAlate haiM to unheM kSINakapAya vItarAga chamastha kahate hai / una prakAra nAtave guNasthAnase Age baDhanevAle dhyAnI sAdhu cAhe pahalI zreNipara bar3e, cAhe dUsarI zreNipara caDhe ve sava AThavAM nauvAM aura dasavAM guNalyAna prApta karate hI hai| dono zreNi caDhanevAlomeM itanA hI jannara hotA hai ki prathama zreNivAlose dUsarI zreNivAlome Atmaviguddhi aura Atmavala viziSTa prakArakA hotA hai| jisake kAraNa pahalI zreNivAle muni to dasavese gyArahave guNasthAname pahuMcakara dave hue mohake udbhUta ho jAnese nIce gira jAte haiN| aura dUsarI zreNivAle mohako sarvayA naSTa karake dasavese vArahave guNasthAname pahuMca jAte hai| yaha saba jIvake bhAvokA khela hai| usIke kAraNa gyArahave guNasthAname , pahu~canevAle sAdhukA avazya patana hotA hai aura bArahaveM guNasthAname pahuMca jAnevAlA kabhI nahIM giratA, valki Uparako hI caDhatA hai| 13 sayogakevalI-samasta mohanIya karmake naSTa ho jAnepara vArahavA~ guNasthAna hotA hai| mohanIya karmake cale jAnese zepa karmokI zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai ata vArahaveMke antame jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ina tIno ghAtiyA karmokA nAza karake kSINakapAya muni sayogakevalI ho jAtA hai / jAnAvaraNa karmake naSTa ho jAnese usake kevala jJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai| vaha jJAna padArthoMke jAnane meM indriya, prakAra aura mana vagairahakI sahAyatA nahIM letA isIlie use kevalajJAna kahate hai aura usake honeke kAraNa isa guNasthAnavAle kevalI kahalAte hai| ye kevalI AtmAke zatru ghAti karmoko jIta leneke kAraNa jina, paramAtmA, jIvanmukta, arahata Adi nAmose pukAre jAte hai / jaina tIrthaGkara isI avasthAko prApta karake jaina dharmakA pravartana karate haijagaha jagaha ghUmakara prANimAtrako usake hitakA mArga batalAte hai aura isI kAryameM apane jIvanake zepa dina bitAte hai| jaba Ayu antarmuhUrta-----

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226 janavarma ka muhartase kama raha jAtI hai to sava vyApAra vanda karake dhyAnasya jAte hai| jabataka kevaloke mana, vacana aura kAyakA vyApAra rahanA tabataka ve sayogakevalI kahalAte hai| 14 ayogakevalI-~-java kevalI dhyAnastha hokara mana, vacana aura kAvakA saba vyApAra vanda kara dete hai tava unhe ayoga kevalI kahate / ye ayogakevalI vAkI bace hue cAra aghAtiyA karmoko bhI dhyanajI agnike dvArA bhasma karake samasta karma aura zarIrake bandhanate Takara mokSa lAma karate hai| isa taraha saMsArake sava jIva apane apane AdhyAtmika vikAsake ritamyake kAraNa guNasthAnome baMTe hue hai / inamese zurUke cAra gasyAna to nArakI, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva sabhIke hote hai| pAMcavAM NasthAna kevala samajhadAra pazu pamiyoM aura manuSyoMke hote haiM / case Ageke saba guNasthAna sAdhujanoke hI hote hai| unameM bhI sAtavavArahaveM takake guNasthAna AtmadhyAname lIna sAdhuke hI hote haiM / aura unameM pratyeka guNasthAnakA kAla antarmuharta eka muhurtase kama tA hai| - 9-mokSa yA siddhi mukti yA moza zabdakA artha chuTakArA hotA hai| ata AtmAke masta karmavandhanose chUTa jAneko mokSa kahate haiN| mokSakA dUsarA ma siddhi bhI hai| siddhi zabdakA artha 'prApti hotA hai| jaise dhAtuko lAne tapAne vagairahase usameMte mala Adi dUra hokara zuddha sonA prApta / jAtA hai vaise hI AtmAke guNoko kaluSita karanevAle doSoko dUra rake zuddha AtmAkI prAptiko siddhi yA mokSa kahate hai| karmamalase TakArA pAye binA mAtmA buddha nahIM hotA ata mukti aura siddhi dono eka hI avasthA ke do nAma hai jo do bAtoMko sUcita karate hai| kti nAma karmavanvanase chuTakAreko vatalAtA hai aura siddhi nAma usa TakArake honese muddha AtmAkI prAptiko vatalAtA hai| ataH jainadharmameM . gareke honese zacanale chuTakArakA hai jo do bAtoM mukti aura siddhi

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cAritra na to AtmAke abhAvako hI mokSa kahA jAtA hai jaisA bauddha lora mAnate hai aura na AtmAke guNoke vinAzako hI mokSa kahA jAtA jaisA vaizeSika darzana mAnatA hai / jainadharmame AtmA eka svatatra drA hai jo jJAtA aura dRSTA hai, kintu anAdikAlase karmabandhanase baMdhA huA honeke kAraNa apane kiye hue karmokA phala bhogatA rahatA hai| jaba vaI usa karmabandhanakA kSaya kara detA hai to mukta kahalAne lagatA hai| mukta avasthAme usake ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha ananta vIrya Adi svAbhAvika guNa vikasita ho jAte hai| jaise svarNamere malake nikala jAnepara usake svAbhAvika guNa pItatA vagairaha jyAda vikasita ho jAte hai isIse zuddha sonA jyAdA camakadAra aura pIla hotA hai, vaise hI AtmAmese karma malake nikala jAnese AtmAke svAbhA vika guNa nikhara uThate hai| mukta hone ke bAda yaha jIva Uparako jAtA hai cUMkiMjIvakA svabhAva Uparako jAnekA hai jaisA ki AgakI lapaTeM svabhAva se Uparako hI jAtI hai| ata apane usa svabhAvake kAraNa hI mu, jIva Uparako jAtA hai| lokake Upara agrabhAgame mokSa sthAna hai jira jaina siddhAtame siddhazilA bhI kahate hai / saba mukta jIva mukta honeva vAda Urdhvagamana karake isa mokSasthAname virAjamAna ho jAte hai jaina siddhAntameM mokSasthAnakI mAnyatA bhI anya saba darzanose nirAla hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaidika darzanomeM AtmAko vyApaka mAna gayA hai ata unhe mokSasthAnake sambandhame vicAra karanekI Avazyakata nahI thii| bauddhadarzaname AtmA koI svatatra tattva nahIM hai, ata unaka lie mokSasthAnako cintA hI vyartha thii| kintu jainadarzana AtmAka eka svataMtra tattva mAnaneke sAtha hI sAtha vyApaka na mAnakara / zarIrake barAbara mAnatA hai / isalie use mokSasthAnake samvandhara vicAra karanA pdd'aa| vaha kahatA hai ki mukta jIva bandhanase chUTakara Urdhva gamana karatA hai aura lokake agrabhAgame pahuMcakara sthira ho jAtA hai phira vahA~se lauTakara nahIM aataa| jaina zAstrome eka maNDalI matakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, ja

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janadharma ta jIvokA urdhvagamana mAnatA hai| kintu usane mokSasthAnake vandhame koI vicAra prakaTa nahI kiyaa| vaha kahatA hai ki mukta jIva nanta kAla taka Uparako calA jAtA hai, usakA kabhI bhI avasthAna hI hotA / Urdhvagamana mAnanepara bhI kyA maNDalIko mokSasthAnakI ntAna huI hogI? kintu jaba usake tArkika mastiSkameM yaha tarka panna hugA hogA ki mukta jIva Uparako jAkarake bhI eka nizcita sAnapara hI kyo ruka jAtA hai, Age kyo nahI jAtA? to sambhavata se isakA koI samucita uttara na sUnA hogA aura phalata usane sadA rvagamana mAna liyA hogaa| kintu jainadharmameM gati aura sthitimeM sahA dharma aura adharma nAmake dravyoko svIkAra karake isa kAkA hI soccheda kara diyA gyaa| yaha dono dravya samasta lokame vyApta hai ra lokake Upara usake ana bhAgame hI mokSasthAna hai| gatime hAyaka dharmadravya vahI taka vyApta hai, Age nhiiN| ata mukta jIva hIpara ruka jAtA hai, Age nahIM jaataa| mukta avasthAma binA zarIrake kevala zuddha AtmA mAtra rahatA hai, pakA AkAra usI zarIrake samAna hotA hai jisase AtmAne muktilAbha yA hai| jaise dhUpame khar3e honepara zarIrakI chAyA par3a jAtI hai hI zarIrAkAra AtmA muktAvasthAmeM hotA hai jo amUrta honeke raNa dikhAyI nahIM detaa| mukta ho jAneke bAda yaha AtmA jInA, ranA, vur3hApA, roga, zoka, duHkha, bhaya vagairahase rahita ho jAtA hai, ki ye cIje zarIrake sAtha samvandha rakhatI hai aura zarIra vahA~ hotA hI hai / tathA muktapanA AtmAkI zuddha avasthAkA hI nAmAntara hai, na javataka AtmA zuddha hai tabataka vahA~se cyuta nahI ho sktaa| aura / azuddha honekA koI kAraNa vahAM maujUda nahI rahatA ata vahA~se bhI nahIM lauTatA, sadA nirAkulatArUpa Atmasukhame magna rahatA hai| . 10-kyA jainadharma nAstika hai ? jo dharma Izvarako sRSTikA kartA aura vedoko hI pramANa mAnate ve jainadharmakI gaNanA nAstika dharmoMme karate hai, kyoki jainadharma na

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cAritra to Izvarako sRSTikA kartA mAnatA hai aura na vedoke prAmANyako hai svIkAra karatA hai| kintu 'jo Izvarako sRSTikA kartA nahI mAnata aura na vedoko pramANa mAnatA hai vaha nAstika hai' nAstika sanda5 yaha artha kisI bhI vicArazIla zAstranane nahI kiyA / balki jA paraloka nahI mAnatA, puNya pApa nahIM mAnatA, naraka svarga nahI jAnata paramAtmAko nahIM mAnatA vaha nAstika hai yahI artha nAstika zabdaka, pAyA jAtA hai| isa arthakI dRSTise jainadharma ghora Astika hI Thaharata hai, kyoki vaha paraloka mAnatA hai, AtmAko svatatra dravya mAnate hai, puNya pApa aura naraka svarga mAnatA hai, tathA pratyeka AtmAmeM para mAtmA honekI zakti mAnatA hai / ina saba bAtokA vivecana pahaI kiyA gayA hai| ina saba mAnyatAoke hote hue jainadharmako nAsti nahI kahA jA sktaa| jo vaidika dharmavAle jainadharmako nAstika kahaH hai ve vaidika dharmako na mAnaneke kAraNa hI aisA kahate hai| kintu aise sthitimeM to sabhI dharma parasparame eka dUsarekI dRSTise nAstika ThahareMge, ata zAstrIya dRSTise jainadharma parama Astika ThaharatA hai|

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4. jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya bar3A vizAla hai, bhAratIya sAhityameM usakA eka ziSTa sthAna hai| lokopakArI, aneka jainAcAryoMne apane jIvanakA ibhAga usakI racanAme vyatIta kiyA hai| jainadharmame bar3e-bar3e prakANDa nAcArya ho gaye hai jo pravala tArkika, vaiyAkaraNa, kavi aura zinika the| unhone jainadharmake sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAhityake itara tromeM bhI apanI lekhanIke jauhara dikhalAye hai| dargana, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, vya, nATaka, kathA, zilpa, mantra-tantra, vAstu, vaidyaka Adi aneka upayopara pracura jainasAhitya Aja upalabdha hai aura bahuta-sA dhAmika pa, lAparavAhI tathA ajJAnatAke kAraNa naSTa ho cukaa|| bhAratakI aneka bhASAoMmeM jaina sAhitya likhA huA hai, jinameM kRita saMskRta aura draveDiyana bhASAoMkA nAma ullekhanIya hai| jainadharmaprArambhase hI apane pracArake lie loka bhASAmoko apanAyA ata pane apane samayakI lokabhApAme bhI jaina sAhitya kI racanAe~ pAryo jAtI hai| isIse jarmana vidvAn DAkTara viMTaranITja ne apane bhAratIya hityake itihAsame likhA hai-'bhAratIya bhASAmoke itihAsakI pTise bhI jaina sAhitya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai , kyoki jaina sadA ita takI vizeSa paravAha rakhate the ki unakA sAhitya adhikase adhika janatAke paricayameM aaye| isIse Agamika sAhitya tathA prAcInatama kAeM prAkRtame likhI gyii| zvetAmbarone vI gatI se aura digambaroM usase kucha pahale saskRtameM racanAe~ karanA Arambha kiyaa| vAdako 10vI se 12vI matI taka apanaga bhApAme, jo usa samayakI jana bhASA pI, racanAeM kI gyii| aura Ajakalake jana vahana sI Adhunika bhAratIya ____ 1. A Fistory of Indian Literature' Vol II, P. 437-428. lokabhASAe loka bhASAmonIya hai| jainadharma

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jaina sAhitya bhASAoMkA upayoga karate hai tathA unhone hindI aura gujarAtI sAhA ko tathA dakSiNameM tamila aura kannaDa sAhityako vizeSarUpase sama kiyA hai|' ___ Aja jo jaina sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha sava bhagavAn mahAvI 5 upadeza paramparAse sambaddha hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrake pradhAna gaNapa, gautama indrabhUti the| unhone bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezoko avadhAra karake vAraha aga aura caudaha pUrvake rUpame nibaddha kiyaa| jo ina 40 aura pUrvokA pAragAmI hotA thA use zrutakevalI kahA jAtA thaa| ja. paramparAma jJAniyoMme do hI pada savase mahAna gine jAte hai-pratya jJAniyomeM kevalajJAnIkA aura parokSa jJAniyome zrutakavalIkA jase kevalajJAnI samasta carAcara jagatako pratyakSa jAnate aura dekha hai vaise hI zrutakevalI zAstrame varNita pratyeka viSayako spaSTa jAnate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIraka nirvANake pazcAt tIna kevalajJAnI aura unake pazcAt pA~ca zrutakevalI hue jinamese antima zrutakA, bhadravAhu the| inake samayameM magadhame bAraha varSakA bhayakara durbhikSa paDA taba ye apane sabake sAtha dakSiNako ora cale gaye aura phira lATaka nahI Aye / ata durbhikSake pazcAt pATalIputrame bhadrabAhu svAmIka anupasthitime jo aga sAhitya sakalita kiyA gayA vaha kabhI kahalAyA, dUsare pakSane use svIkAra nahIM kiyA, kyoki dubhikSake samara jo sAghu magadhame hI raha gaye the, sAmayika kaThinAiyoke kAraNa apana AcArame zithila ho gaye the| yahIse jainasagha digambara aura zvetA mbara sampradAyame ba~Ta gayA aura usakA sAhitya bhI judA judA ho gyaa| digambara sAhitya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke pazcAt koI zrutakevalI nahIM huaa| pAda pUrvomase 4 pUrva unake sAtha hI lupta ho gye| unake pazcAt yAra AcArya gyAraha aMga aura dasa pUrvoke jJAtA hue| phira pA~ca pAra gyAraha agake jJAtA hue| pUrvokA jJAna eka tarahase naSTa hI ho gayA /

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2232 janadharma TapuTa jJAna bAkI raha gyaa| phira cAra AcArya kevala prathama AcAgika jJAtA hue aura aMga jJAna bhI naSTa bhraSTa ho gyaa| isa taraha kAlakamase vicchinna hote hote vIra nirvANase 683 varSa bItane para jaba go aura pUrvoke bace khuce jJAnake bhI lupta honekA prasaMga upasthita A taba girinAra parvatapara sthita AcArya dharasenane bhUtabali aura Spadanta nAmake do sarvottama sAdhuoko apanA ziSya banAkara unheM butAbhyAsa kraayaa| ina donone zrutakA abhyAsa karake paTkhaNDAgama hamake sUtra granthakI racanA prAkRta bhApAme kii| isI samayake lagabhaga Nadhara nAmake AcArya hue| unhone 233 gAthAome kasAyapAhuDa kaSAyaprAbhRta grantha kI racanA kI / yaha kaSAyaprAbhUta AcArya ramparAse AryamA aura nAgahasti nAmake AcAryoko prApta huaa| unase sIkhakara yativRSabha nAmaka AcAryane unapara vRttisUtra race, jA kRtame hai aura 6000 zloka pramANa hai| ina dono mahAn granthopara janeka AcAryone aneka TIkAeM racI jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| inaka antima TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya hue| ye bar3e samartha vidvAn the| inhone khaNDAgamapara apanI suprasiddha TIkA dhavalA zaka sa0 738 meM pUrI kii| yaha TIkA 72 hajAra zloka pramANa hai| dUsare mahAn grantha kasAyasAhuDapara bhI inhone TIkA likhii| kintu ve use bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa likhakara hI svargavAsI ho gye| taba unake suyogya ziSya janasenAcAryane 40 hajAra pramANa aura likhakara zaka sa0 756 meM ise pUrA kiyaa| isa TIkAkA nAma jyaghavalA hai aura vaha 60 hajAra loka pramANa hai| ina donoM TIkAkI racanA saskRta aura prAkRtika jAmmizraNase kI gayI hai| vahabhAga prAkRtame hai| bIca vIcama saMskRta bhI A jAtI hai, jaisA ki TIkAkArane usakI prazastima "prAya prAkRtabhAratyA kvacit sskRtbhitryaa| maNipravAlanyAyena prophno'ya anyvistr|"

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23 jaina sAhitya paTsaNDAgamakA hI antima khaNDa mahAbadha hai jisakI ( bhUtabali AcAryane kI thii| yaha bhI prAkRtame hai aura isakA pramA 41 hajAra hai| ina sabhI granyome jaina karmasiddhAntakA bahuta sUkSma au gahana varNana hai| cirakAlase ye tInoM mahAn grantha mUDavidrI (dakSiNa kanArA): jana bhaNDArameM tADapatrapara surakSita the| vahA~ke bhaTTAraka mahodana tathA pacokI udAtta bhAvanAke phalasvarUpa aba ina tInokA prakArAH hindI TIkAke sAtha ho rahA hai| __ItAkI dasavI zatAbdIme dakSiNameM nemicanda siddhAnta cakravata nAmake eka jainAcArya hue| ve ukta tIno Agama granyoke mahAn 1451, the| unhoMne unase sakalana karake gomaTTasAra tathA labdhisAra kSaNAsA! nAmaka do sagraha grantha race, jo prAkRta gAthAvaddha mahAn grantha hai| u. bhI jIva, karma aura karmoke kSapaNa yAnI vinAzakA sundara kintu gaha varNana hai| dono granyopara saskRta TIkAe~ bhI upalavya hai aura jayAra sva0pa0 ToDaramalajIkI jayapurI bhApAme racI huI bhASATIkA upalabdha hai / ina TIkAoke sAtha yaha mahAna grantha kaI khaNDomeka prakAzita ho cukA hai| IsAkI prathama zatAbdIme kundakunda nAmake eka mahAn AcA ho gaye hai| inake tIna grantha samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura pacAstikAra ati prasiddha hai jo kundakundatrayIke nAmase bhI khyAta hai| tIno prAkRtame hai / samayasArameM vividha dRSTiyose AtmatattvakA sundara dine cana hai, jaina adhyAtmakA yaha apUrva grantha hai| navI zatIke adhyAtma AcArya amRtacandra sUrIne isa granyapara saskRta padyome kalagakI (ca kI hai jo baDI hRdayahAriNI hai / satarahavI zatAbdIke kavivara banArasa dAsane ina kalagokA hindIme atyanta rocaka padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| __pravacanasAra aura paJcAstikAyameM jainAbhimata tattvokA yu: 5 vivecana hai| kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya kundakundane bahutase prAbhRto+

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- 134 janadharma canA kI thI, kintu unamese Aja kevala ATha prAbhUta upalabdha hai| mila bhASAke tikurula kAvyake racayitA bhI inhIko kahA jAtA hai| nake ziSya umAsvAmi yA umAsvAti nAmake jainAcArya the, jinhone sarvaprathama jainavADmayako saMskRtasUtromeM nibaddha karake tattvArthasUtra nAmake sUtragranthakI racanA kii| isa granthake dasa adhyAyome jIva Adi sAta ttvoMkA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| apane apane dharmome gItA, kurAna aura vAibilako jo sthAna prApta hai vahI sthAna jainadharmame isa nyako prApta hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara dono hI sampradAya ise mAnate hai| dono hI paramparAmoke AcAryone usake Upara aneka TIkAe~ racI hai, jiname akalakadevakA tattvArtharAjavAtika aura vidyAnandikA tattvArthazlokavAtika ullekhanIya hai| dono hI vAtikAtya saMskRtame baDI hI prauDha zailIme race gaye hai aura janadarzanake apUrva anya hai| darzana aura nyAyazAstrame svAmI samantabhadra aura siddhasena kI racanAe~ ullekhanIya hai / svAmI samantabhadrane AptamImAsA nAmakA eka prakaraNa grantha racA hai, jisameM syAdvAdakA sundara vivecana karate hue uttara dazanokI vicArapUrNa AlocanA kI gayI hai| isa AptamImAsApara pvAmI akalakadevane 'aSTagatI' nAmakA prakaraNa racA hai aura aSTazatIpara svAmI vidyAnandine apTasahasrI nAmakI TIkA racI hai| yaha aSTamahanI itanI gahana hai ki isako samajhaneme kaSTasahasrIkA anubhava hotA hai| inhI vidyAnandikI AptaparIkSA aura pramANaparIkSA bhI bhASA, vipaya aura vivecanako dRSTise draSTavya hai| ___ akalakadevako jainanyAyakA sarjaka kahA jAya to koI atyukti nahIM hai| inhone TIkA granthoke sivA siddhivinizcaya, nyAyavinizcaya, svIyastraya, pramANasaraha Adi aneka prakaraNagantha race hai jo bahuta hI moDha aura gahana hai / ina prakaraNopara AcArya anantavIrya, vAdirAja aura prabhAcandra nAmake prakANDa jaina naiyAyikone vistRta vyAkhyA granya ce hai jo bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| mANikyanandi AcAryakA parIkSAmukha -

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jana sAhitya 235 nAmaka sUtragrantha jainanyAyake abhyAsiyoMke lie baDe hI kAmakA hai| isapara AcArya prabhAcandrane prameyakamalasArtaNDa nAmakA mahAn vyAkhyA grantha racA hai| use ati sakSipta karake anantavIrya-nAmake AcAna prameyaratnamAlA nAmakI TIkA banAyI ho| pAMakasarIkA vilakSaNakadarthana, zrIdattakA jalpanirNaya Adi kucha aise bhI mahattvapUrNa' granthaha jo Aja anupalabdha hai, kevala anya granthome unakA ullekha milatA hai| purANa sAhityameM harivaMzapurANa, mahApurANa, padmacarita Ada! granthokA nAma ullekhanIya hai / jaina purANoMkA mUla pratipAdya viSaya 63 zalAkA puruSoke caritra hai| iname 24 tIrtha kara, 12 cakravartI 9 baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva hai| jiname purANa puruSokA' puNyacarita varNana kiyA gayA ho use purANa kahate hai| harivarapurA meM kaurava aura pANDavoMkA varNana hai aura padmacaritameM zrIrAmacandrakA vana / hai| isa tarahase ye dono grantha kramaza jaina mahAbhArata aura jaina rAmAyaNa kahe jA sakate hai| inake sivA caritagranthoMkA to jaina sAhityame maNDAra bharA hai / sakalakIti Adi AcAryone aneka carita grantha race hai / AcArya jaTAsiha nandikA varAgacarita eka sundara paurANika kAvya hai| kAvyasAhitya bhI kama nahI hai / vIranandikA, candraprabhacarita, haricandrakA dharmazarmAbhyudaya, dhanaMjayakA dvisandhAna aura vAgbhaTTakA neminirvANa kAvya uccakoTike saskRta mahAkAvya hai| apabhraza bhASAme to ina purANa aura caritagranyoMkA saMskRtako apekSA bAhulya hai| apabhraza bhASAmeM jainakanyione khUva racanAe~ kI * hai| isa bhASAkA sAhitya jaina bhaNDArome bharA par3A hai| apanara vahuta samayataka yahA~kI loka bhASA rahI hai aura isakA sAhitya meM bahuta hI lokapriya rahA hai| pichale kucha dazakose isa bhASAkI aura vidvAnokA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai, aba to vartamAna prAntIya bhASAko kI jananI honeke kAraNa bhASAzAstriyo aura vibhinna paayaa| itihAsa likhanevAloke lie isake sAhityakA adhyayana bAvazyaka

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236 jainadharma ho gayA hai| puSpadanta isa bhApAke mahAn kavi the| inakA 'triSaSTi mahApuruSa guNAlakAra' eka mahAna grantha hai / puSpadantane mahAkavi svayabhukA smaraNa kiyA hai / svayama, puSpadanta, kanakAmara, raica Adi aneka kaviyone apabhraza bhApAke sAhityako samRddha banAnemeM kucha uThA nahI rkhaa| ___ kathA sAhitya bhI vizAla hai| AcArya haripeNakA kathAkoza bahuta prAcIna (I0 sa0 632) hai| ArAdhanA kathAkoza, puNyAzrava kathAkoza Adi anya bhI bahutate kayAkoga hai jiname kayAmaoke dvArA dharmAcaraNakA zubha phala aura adharmAcaraNakA azubha phala dikhalAyA gayA hai| campa kAvya bhI jaina-sAhityame bahuta hai / somadevakA yazastilaka campU, haricandrakA jIvanvara campU aura ahaMhAsakA purudevacampU utkRSTa campU kAvya hai / gadyagranthome vAdIsiMhakI gadyacintAmaNi ullekhanIya hai / nATakome hastimallake vikrAntakaurava, maithilIkalyANa, ajanA pavanajaya Adi darzanIya hai / stotra sAhitya bhI kama nahI hai, mahAkavi dhanajayakA viSApahAra, kumudacandrakA kalyANamandira Adi stotra sAhityakI dRSTise bhI utkRpTa hai| svAmI samantabhadraka svayabhU stotrame to janadarzanake uccakoTike siddhAntoko kUTa-kUTa kara bhara diyA gayA hai| vaha eka dArzanika stavana hai / nIti granthokI bhI kamI nahIM hai| vAdIsiMhakA kSatracUDAmaNi kAvya eka nItipUrNa kAvya grantha hai| AcArya amitagatikA sabhASitaratnasadoha, padmanandi AcAyakA padmanandi paJcaviMzatikA aura mahArAja amoghavarSako praznottararatnamAlA bhI sundara nItigrantha hai| / isake sivA jyotiSa, Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa, koSa, chanda, alaMkAra, gaNita aura rAjanIti Adi viSayopara bhI jainAcAryokI aneka racanAe~ Aja upalabdha hai| jyotiSa aura Ayurveda viSayaka sAhitya abhI prakAzameM kama AyA hai| vyAkaraName pUjyapAda devanandikA janandra vyAkaraNa aura zAkaTAyanakA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ullekhanIya hai|

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237 jaina sAhitya koSameM dhanaMjaya nAmamAlA aura vizvalocana koza, alakArameM alakAra cintAmaNi, gaNitame mahAvIra gaNitasAra sagraha aura rAjanItime somadevakA nItivAkyAmRta Adi smaraNIya hai| yaha to huA saskRta aura prAkRta sAhityakA vihagAvalokana' / draveDiyana bhASAome bhI jainAcAryone khUba racanAeM kI hai| unhIke kAraNa eka tarahase una bhASAoko mahattva milA hai| kanaDI bhASAme racanA karanevAle ati prAcIna kavi jaina the| kannaDa sAhityako unnata, prauDha aura paripUrNa banAnekA zreya jainAcAryo aura jaina kaviyoko hI prApta hai| terahavI zatAbdI taka kannar3a bhASAke jitane prauDha granyakAra hue ve saba jaina hI the| 'papa bhArata' sadRza mahAprabandha aura 'zabdamaNidarpaNa' sadRza zAstrIya granthoko dekhakara jaina kaviyoke prati kise Adara buddhi utpanna nahIM hotii| karnATaka gadya granthome prAcIna 'cAmuNDarAyapurANa' ke lekhaka vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya jaina hI the| Adi papa, kavicakravartI ranna, abhinava papa, kattidevI Adi kavi jaina hI the| ____ 'karnATaka kavi carite' ke mUla lekhaka Ara0 narasihAcAryane janakaviyoke samvandhame apane udgAra prakaTa karate hue kahA hai-"jainI kannar3a bhASA ke Adi kavi hai| Aja taka upalabdha sabhI prAcIna aura uttama kRtiyA~ jaina kaviyokI hI hai| vizeSatayA prAcIna jaina kaviyoM ke kAraNa hI kannaDa bhASAkA saundarya eva kAnti hai / papa, ranna aura ponako kaviyome ratna mAnanA ucita hai / anya kaviyone bhI 14vo zatAbdIke anta taka sarvazlAghya campUkAvyokI racanA kI hai / kannaDa bhASAke sahAyaka chanda, alakAra, vyAkaraNa, koSa Adi grantha adhikatayA jainiyoke dvArA hI racita hai|" ___ yahA~ yaha vatalA denA anucita na hogA ki dakSiNa aura karnATakakA jitanA jaina sAhitya hai vaha saba hI digambara jaina sampradAyake vidvAnoMkI racanA hai / tathA digambara sampradAyaka jitane pradhAna-pradhAna AcArya hai ve prAya sava hI karnATaka dezake nivAsI the aura ve na kevala

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238 jainavarma saMskRta aura prAkRtake hI granthakartA the, kintu kanaDIke bhI prasiddha granthakAra the / tamila bhASAkA sAhitya bhI prArambha kAlase hI jainadharma aura janasaskRti se prabhAvita hai / 'kurala' aura 'nAladiyAra' nAmake do mahAn grantha una jainAcAryo kI kRti hai jo tamiladeza me basa gaye the / ina granthoke avataraNa uttaravartI sAhitya me bahutAyatase pAye jAte hai| tamilakA nItiviSayaka sAhitya kAvyasAhityakI apekSA prAcIna hai aura usapara jainAcAryo kA vizeSa prabhAva hai| 'palamoli' ke racayitA bhI jaina the / isame bahumUlya purAtana sUktiyA~ hai / kurala aura nAladiyArake bAda isakA tIsarA nambara hai / 'tine mAle tU remvatu' ke lekhaka bhI jaina the| yaha grantha zRMgAra tathA yuddhaka siddhAntokA varNana karatA hai / pazcAtvartI TIkAkAro ke dvArA isa grantha ke avataraNa khUba liye gaye hai| isI samudAyakA eka grantha 'nAn maNikkaDige' hai jo veNavA chandameM hai / tamila bhASA ke pA~ca mahAkAvya meM se citAmaNi, silappaDikAram aura valetApati jainalekhakokI kRti hai| silappaDikAram atyanta mahatvapUrNa tamila grantha hai | yaha grantha sAhityika rItiyoke viSayame pramANabhUta ginA jAtA hai| isake tIna mahAkhaDa hai aura kula adhyAya tIsa hai| 1 pA~ca laghu kAvya hai---yazodharakAvya, cUDAmaNi, udayana kareM, nAgakumAra kAvya aura nIlakezI / ina pA~ca kAvyoke kartA jaina AcArya the / jaina lekhakone afer bhASAkA vyAkaraNa bhI racA hai| : 'nanola' tamila bhASAkA vaha pracalita vyAkaraNa hai| yaha skUlo aura kAlijome paDhAyA jAtA hai / nighaNTu granthome divAkara nighaNTu, piMgala nighaNTu aura guNarmANa nighaNTukA nAma ullekhanIya hai / jainone gaNita aura jyotiSa sambandhI racanAe~ bhI kI hai| isa taraha tamila bhASA 3 jaina - sAhityase bharapUra hai | tra gujarAtI bhASAmeM bhI di0 jainakaviyone aneka racanAe~ kI hai, * jinakA vivaraNa 'jainagurjara kaviyoM' se prApta hotA hai /

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jaina sAhitya 236 digambara sAhityame hindI grantha kI saMkhyA bhI bahuta hai / idhara 300 varSoM meM adhikAMza grantha hindIme hI race gaye hai / jaina zrAvakake lie pratidina svAdhyAya karanA Avazyaka hai| ata. jn-saadhaarnnkii| bhASAme jinavANIko nivaddha karanekI ceSTA prArambhase hI hotI AyI hai| isIse hindI jaina sAhityame gadyagrantha bahutAyatase pAye jAte hai| lagabhaga solahavI zatAbdIse lekara hindI gadya granya jaina sAhityame upalabdha hai aura isalie hindI bhASAke kramika vikAsakA adhyayana karanevAloke lie ve bar3e kAmake hai| saiddhAntika granthoMme Upara ginAye gaye tittvArthasUtra, sarvArtha siddhi, rAjavAtika, gomaTTasAra, pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya, samayasAra, SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAya prAbhUta) Adi mahattvapUrNa granthokI hindI TIkAeM maujUda hai| nyAya granthome bhI parIkSAmukha, AptamImAsA, prameyaratnamAlA, nyAyadIpikA aura tattvArthazlokavArtika jaise mahAna granthokI hindI TIkAe~ upalabdha hai| ina TIkA granyokA adhyayana kevala hindI bhASAbhASI prAntome hI pracalita nahIM hai kintu gujarAta, mahArASTra aura sudUra dakSiNa prAntake jainI bhI unase lAbha uThAte hai| isa taraha jainadharmakA sAhitya hindI bhASAke pracArameM bhI sahAyaka rahA hai| prAya sabhI purANa grantho aura aneka kathAgranthoMkA anuvAda hindI bhASAmeM ho cukA hai| anuvAdakA yaha kArya sarvaprathama jayapurake vidvAnoke dvArA duDhArI bhASAme prArambha kiyA gayA thaa| Aja bhI unake anuvAda usI rUpame pAye jAte hai| yaha to huI anuvAdita sAhityakI carcA / svataMtrarUpase bhI hindI gadya aura hindI padya donome jainasiddhAntako nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / gadya-sAhityame pa0 ToDaramalajIkA mokSamArga-prakAzaka grantha aura padyasAhityame pa0 daulatarAmajIkA chahaDhAlA jainasiddhAntake amUlya ratna hai| pa0 ToDaramalajI, pa0 daulatarAma, pa. sadAsukha, paM0 budhajana, pa0 dyAnatarAya, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paM. jayacanda Adi aneka vidvAnone apane samayakI hindI bhASAme gadya athavA padya athavA donoMmeM apanI

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jainadharma 238 racanAeM kI hai| vInatI, pUjApATha, dhArmika bhajana, Adi bhI paryA saMshai / padya sAhityame bhI aneka purANa aura carita race gaye hai / grantha hindI jaina sAhityakI eka sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki usa zAntarasakI saritA hI sarvatra pravAhita dRSTigocara hotI hai| saMskR jana aura prAkRtake jaina granthakAroke samAna hindI jaina granyakAroM kA bhI e granthahI lakSya rahA hai ki manuSya kisI taraha sAMsArika viSayoke phande avanikalakara apane ko pahacAne aura apane utthAnakA prayatna kre| i nIlikSyako sAmane rakhakara sabane apanI apanI racanAe~ kI hai / hin jaijaina sAhityame hI nahIM, api tu hindI sAhityame kavivara vanArasIdA isajIkI AtmakathA to eka apUrva hI vastu hai / unakA nATaka sama issAra bhI avyAtmakA eka apUrva grantha hai / 1 yaha zvetAmbara - sAhitya vaha pATalIputrame jo aga saMkalita kiya gaye the, kAlakramase ve : sambavyavasthita ho gaye tava mahAvIra nirvANakI chaThI zatAbdI meM va skandilako adhyakSatAme mathurAme phira eka sabhA huI aura usame phi zepavace aMga sAhityako suvyavasthita kiyA gyaa| ise mAthurI vAca kahate haiN| isake bAda mahAvIra nirvANakI dasavI gatIme ballabhI naga (kAThiyAvADa) me devANi kSamAzramaNake sabhApatitvame phira 'sabhA huii| isameM phirase gyAraha agokA saMkalana huA / vArahavA~ ko pahale hI lupta ho cukA thA / avataka smRtike Agarapara hI a 'sAhityakA paThana-pAThana calatA thA, kintu ava vIra ni0 sa0 / 1 * ( I0 sa0 453 ) ke lagabhaga unheM pustakArUDa kiyA gayA / vidyama jaina AgamokI vyavasthA apane sampAdaka devagiNikI mukhya AbhArI hai| unhone inheM adhyAya meM vibhakta kiyaa| jo bhAga gaye the unheM apanI buddhi ke anusAra sambaddha kiyA / DA0 jekoba 1 anna nAmAcArI dhanavame likhA hai"zrImAna zrIvIgad vargIyadhika navA - (98 dvAnimAn bahutarA vyApatI bahuzrutavicchita Asturbat ra f

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" zvetAmvara sampradAyakA sampUrNa jainAgama chaha bhAgo meM vibhakta hai, 1 gyAraha aMga - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRddazA, anuttaropapAtika, praznavyA- 1 karaNa aura vipAkasUtra / 2 vAraha upAga - aupapAtika, rAjaprazna, jovAbhigama, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, nirayAvalI, kalpAvatasa, puSpika, puSpacUlika aura vahnidazA / / 3 dasa prakIrNaka - catu zaraNaM, Atura pratyAkhyAna, bhakta, sastAra, tandulavacArika, candravedhaka, devendrastava, gaNividyA, mahApratyAkhyAna aura vIrastava / 4 chaha chedasUtra - nizItha, mahAnizItha, vyavahAra, dazAzrutaskandha, vRhatkalpa, paJcakalpa / 5 do sUtra - nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra / 6 cAra mUlasUtra --- uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavekAlika ! aura piNDaniyukti | ye paitAlIsa grantha Agama kahe jAte hai / inakI bhASA prAkRta kahalAtI hai / iname AcAra, vrata, jainatattva, jyotiSa, bhUgola Adi vividha viSayoMkA varNana hai / digambara sampradAya ke / : J 16 jaina sAhitya 241 kathanAnusAra devarddhigaNike pazcAt bhI jaina AgamoM meM bahuta pheraphAra huA hai| > jAtAyA~ bhavyalokopakArAya zrutabhaktaye ca zrIsaghAgrahAt mRtAvaziSTatadA- ' kAlInasarvaMsAvUn balabhyAmAkAryaM tanmukhAd vicchinnAvaziSTAn nyUnAvikAn truTitA'truTitAn AgamAlApakAn anukrameNa svamatyA sakalayya pustakArUDhAH / kRtA / tato mUlato gaNavarabhASitAnAmapi tatsakalanAnantara sarveSAmapi mAga - mAnAM kartA zrIdevaddhagaNakSamAzramaNa evaM jAta. " * 'arthAt ----zrIdevaddhagaNi kSamAzramaNane vIra ni0 sa0 980 meM vAraha varSake durbhikSake kAraNa bahutase sAdhuoMke mara jAnese vahutase zrutake naSTa ho jAnepara, bhavyajIvoMke upakAra ke lie zAstrakI bhaktise prerita hokara, saghake Agrahase bAkI vace saba sAdhuoko valabhI nagarImeM bulAkara, unake mukhase bAkI bace, kamatI, vaDhatI, truTita, atruTita Agamake vAkyokA apanI buddhike anusAra sakalana karake unheM pustaka likhvaayaa| isalie mUlameM gaNadhara pratipAdita honepara bhI sakalana karaneke kAraNa sabhI Agamoke kartA zrIdevadvigaNikSamAzramaNa kahalAye / '

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sAhityameM aMga aura aMgavAhya granthoke nAmoM tathA uname varNita viSayokA ullekha milatA hai, kintu usame upAMga Adi bheda nahIM hai| zvetAmbara sampradAyame candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJaptiko upAga mAnA hai kantu digambara sAhityameM inakI gaNanA dRSTivAdake eka bheda parikarmama mI hai| isI taraha dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra aura zItha nAmake granthoMko aMgavAhya vatalAyA hai| digambara sampradAyama goMke atirikta jo bhI sAhitya hai vaha saba aMgavAhya mAnA gayA hai| zvetAmvara paramparAmeM devaddhigaNika pazcAt jinabhadragaNi kSamAmaNa nAmake eka viziSTa AcArya hue / inakA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ka ucca koTikA granya hai| isameM tarkapUrNa zailIse jAnakI sundara carcA / gayI hai / jisa tattvArthasUtrakA ullekha hama digambara sAhityama ra Aye hai, usapara eka bhASya bhI hai, jise kucha vidvAn svopajJa mAnate / isapara AcArya siddhasenagaNikA tattvArtha bhASya eka vistRta TIkA / Agamika sAhityake Upara bhI aneka TIkAe~ upalabdha hai| navAga ttikAra zrIabhayadavasUrine nau bhAgamopara saMskRta bhASAme sundara kAeM racI hai| isa dRSTise malladhArI hemacandrakA nAma bhI lekhanIya hai, inhoMne bhI Agamika sAhityapara vidvattApUrNa TIkAeM khI hai| vizeSAvAzyaka bhASyapara racI inakITIkA bahuta hI sundara hai| zvetAmbara sampradAyameM karmaviSayaka sAhitya bhI paryApta hai jisameM maprakRti, paMcasaMgraha, prAcIna aura navIna karmagranya ullekhanIya hai / 3vI gatImeM zrIdevendrasUrine navIna karmagranthokI racanA svopajJa TIkAke ya kI thii| inakI TIkAoMmeM karmasAhityakI vipula sAmagrI saMkalita / nyAyaviSayaka sAhityameM siddhasena divAkarakA nyAyAvatAra jainayikA Adya grantha mAnA jAtA hai| inakA 'sanmati tarka prakaraNa bhI ta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai, isame Agamika mAnyatAoMko bhI tarkako soTIpara kasanekA prayala kiyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNa granthapara abhayamUrikI mahattvapUrNa TIkA hai / isa sampradAyameM haribhadrasUri nAmaka

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jaina sAhitya eka prakhyAta vidvAn ho gaye hai| kiMvadantI hai ki inhoMne 1400 prakaraNa grantha race the / inake upalabdha dArzanika granthoMmeM anekAntavAdapraveza, anekAnta jayapatAkA tathA zAstravArtA samuccayakA nAma ullekhanIya hai / tattvArtha sUtrapara bhI inhone eka TIkA likhI hai / vAdideva sUrikA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra tathA usakI svopajJa vRtti syAdvAdaratnAkara va AcArya hemacandrakI pramANamImAsA aura malliSeNasUrikI syAdvAdamaMjarI bhI nyAyazAstra ke sundara grantharatna hai / satarahavI zatI me AcArya yazovijaya bhI eka kuzala naiyAyika hue hai, inhone vidyAnandikI aSTasahasrIpara eka TippaNa racA hai tathA nayopadeza, nayAmRtatara giNI, tarkaparibhASA Adi aneka grantha race hai| jainadharmake dArzanika siddhAntopara inhone naye dRSTikoNase vicAra kiyA hai tathA navyanyAyakI zailI bhI grantha race hai / 243 purANa sAhityame vimalasUrikA paumacariya (padmacarita ) eka prAkRta kAvya hai / yaha prAcIna samajhA jAtA hai / isame rAmacandrakI kathA hai / 'vasudeva hiNDI' bhI prAkRta bhASAkA purANa hai isame mahAbhArata kI kathA hai| yaha bhI prAcIna hai| AcArya hemacandrakA trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita bhI ullekhanIya hai / anya bhI aneka grantha hai / araria hemacandrakA dvayAzrayaM mahAkAvya, abhayadevakA jayantavijaya, municandrakA zAntinAthacarita acche kAvya samajhe jAte hai / gadya kAvyame dhanapAla kavikI tilakamaMjarI eka sundara AkhyAyikA grantha hai / nATakome rAmacandra sUrikA nala - vilAsa, satyaharizcandra, rAghavAbhyudaya, nirbhayavyAyoga AdikA nAma ullekhanIya hai / jayasiMha' kA hammIramadamardana eka aitihAsika nATaka hai / isame volukyarAja vIradhavalake dvArA hammIra nAmake yavana rAjAko bhagAnekA varNana hai / lAkSaNika granthoMme AcArya hemacandrakA kAvyAnuzAsana draSTavya hai / kathA sAhityakA to yahA~ bhaNDAra bharA hai / usameM udyotanasUrikI 1

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janadharma kuvalayamAlA, haribhadrakI samarAicakahA aura pAdaliptako taraMgavatIkahA ati prasiddha hai| kuvalayamAlA to prAkRta sAhityakA eka amUlya rala hai / yaha prAkRta bhASAke abhyAsiyoMke lie bahuta upayogI hai| isI taraha AcArya siddharSikI upamitibhavaprapaJcakathA bhAratIya sAhityakA prathama rUpaka grantha mAnA jAtA hai| - vyAkaraName AcArya hemacandrakA 'siddha hema vyAkaraNa atiprasiddha hai| isIkA AThavAM adhyAya prAkRta vyAkaraNa hai, jisase acchA dUsarA prAkRta vyAkaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| koSoMme bhI hemacandrakA abhidhAnacintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha, dezInAmamAlA, nighaMTa zeSa, abhighAnarAjendra tathA 'pAilasahamahaNNava' apUrva koSa grantha hai| pravandhoMme candraprabhasUrikA prabhAvakacarita, mestuMgakA pravandhacintAmaNi, rAjazekharakA pravandhakoza tathA jinaprabhasUrikA vividhatIrthakalpa mahattvapUrNa haiN| anya bhI aneka viSayoMpara sAhitya pAyA jAtA hai| apabhraMza bhASAkA sAhitya bhI paryApta hai, jisameM dhanapAlakI 'bhavisayatta kahA' atiprasiddha hai| strotra sAhitya bhI vipula hai| ___ zvetAmbara sampradAyakA adhikatara AvAsa gujarAta prAntame hai / ata. gujarAtI bhASAmeM bhI kAphI sAhitya milatA hai, jisakA paricaya 'jaina gurjara kavino' nAmaka granthameM vistAra ke sAtha diyA hai| videzI bhASAome bhI jaina sAhitya pAyA jAne lagA hai| jarmana vidvAn sva0 harmana yAkobIne kaI granyoMkA sampAdana kiyA thaa| unameM unakI kalpasUtrakI prastAvanA tathA 'Sacred Books of East nAmakI granyamAlAmeM prakAzita janasUtroMkI prastAvanA paDhane yogya hai|" jarmana vidvAn pro0 glejanapakA jainijma' bhI acchA grantha hai| sva0 vIracandra rAghavacandra gAMdhIne amerikAke cikAgo nagarameM hue sarvadharma sammalanameM jo bhASaNa janadharmake sambandhameM diye the, ve 'karma philosophI' ke nAmase chapa cuke hai| nyAyAvatAra, sammatitarka vagairaha ' kA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI ho cukA hai| aura bhI aneka granya hai| digambara

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jaina sAhitya 245 sAhitya bhI aMgrejIme paryApta hai| sva0 je0 ela0 jainI aura vairisTara campatarAyane isa dizA meM ullekhanIya sevA kI hai| upasaMhAra bahutasA jaina sAhitya aba prakAzameM A rahA hai aura nayI zailIse usakA sampAdana bhI hone lagA hai| prAcIna jaina sAhityakA tulanAtmaka' tathA aitihAsika vivecana karanekI bhI paramparA cala paDI hai jisakA zreya sarvazrI nAthUrAma premI, jugala kizora,mukhtAra, paM0 sukhalAla aura muni jinavijaya Adi jaina vidvAnoMko hai| isa dRSTise premIjI ka! 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa', mukhtAra sA0 kI 'purAtana vAkya sUcI' kI prastAvanA tathA samantabhadra' nAmaka pustaka dRSTavya hai| SaTkhaNDA: gama, kasAyapAhuDa aura nyAyakumuda candakI hindI prastAvanAe~ maiM tulanAtmaka aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNase adhyayana karanevAloke lie bahuta kAmakI hai| jijJAsuoko unakA adhyayana karanA caahiye| anveSakoMke lie jaina sAhityame pracura sAmagrI maujUda hai| kucha prasiddha jainAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIrake pazcAt kitane hI prasiddha prasiddha AcA' aura granthakAra hue hai jinhone apane sadAcAra aura sadvicArose na kevara jainadharmako anuprANita kiyA kintu apanI amara lekhanIke dvArA bhAratI vADamayako bhI samRddha bnaayaa| nIce kucha aise prasiddha AcAryo aura anyakAroMkA paricaya saMkSepame karAyA jAtA hai| - gautama gaNadhara (557 I0 pUrva) yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake pradhAna gaNadhara (giSya) the| mUra nAma indrabhUti thA, jAtise brAhmaNa the| veda vedAGgameM pA the| java kevalajJAna ho jAnepara bhI bhagavAn mahAvIrako 5 // nahI khirI to indrako isa vAtako cintA huI / isakA kA jAnakara vaha indrabhUtike pAsa gayA aura yuktise use bhagavAn mahAvIra

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jainayama 146 samavasaraName le aayaa| saMzaya dUra hote hI indrabhUtine pravrajyA le lI aura bhagavAna ke pradhAna gaNadhara hue| bhagavAnkA upadeza sunakara avadhAraNa karake inhoMne dvAdagAGga zrutakI racanA kii| java kAtika kRSNA amAvasyAke prAta bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA usI samaya gautama svAmIko kevala jAnakI prApti huii| usake 12 varSa pazcAta inheM bhI nirvANapada prApta huaa| / bhadrabAhu (325 I0 pUrva) yaha bhadrabAhu antima zrutakevalI the| inake samaya, magavarma 12 varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa pdd'aa| taba yaha sAdhuoMke bahuta bar3e saMghaka sAtha dakSiNa dezako cale gye| prasiddha maurya samrATa candragupta bhI rAjyabhAra putrako sauMpakara inake sAtha hI dakSiNako calA gyaa| vahA~ masUra prAntake zravaNavelagolA sthAnapara bhadravAha svAmI apanA antima samaya jAnakara Thahara gaye aura aura gepa saMghako Age ravAnA kara diyA / sevAke lie candragupta apane guruke pAsa hI Thahara gye| vahA~ke candragiri parvatakI eka guphAme bhadrabAhu svAmIne dehotsarga kiyaa| yaha guphA 'bhadrabAhukI guphA kahalAtI hai aura isameM unake caraNa aMkita hai jo pUje jAte hai| bhagavAhuke samayame hI saMvabhedakA vIjAropaNa humA ataH unake vAdase zvetAmbara aura digambarokI AcArya paramparA bhI judIjudI ho gyii| digambara paramparAke kucha pramukha AcAryokA nItra paricaya diyA jAtA hai| gharasena (vi0 saM0 kI dUsarI zatI) ra AcArya dharasena aMgo aura pUrvoke eka dezake jJAtA the aura saurASTra dezake giranAra pavatakI guphAmeM dhyAna karate the| unheM isa bAtako cintA huI ki unake pazcAt zrutanAnakA lopa ho jAyagA / ata unhone mahimAnagarIke munisammelanako patra likhA / vahA~se do muni unake pAsa phuNce| AcAryane unakI buddhikI parIkSA karake unheM siddhAntako zikSA dii|

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jaina sAhitya 247 / , puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ye donoM muni puSpadanta aura bhUtavalI the / ASADha zuklA ekAdazIko adhyayana pUrA hote hI dharasenAcAryane unhe bidA kara diyA / dono ziSya vahA~se calakara akulezvarame Aye aura vahI caturmAsa kiyaa| puSpadanta muni akulezvarase calakara banavAsa dezame aaye| vahA~ pahuMcakara unhone jinapAlitako dIkSA dI aura 'bIsadi sUtro' kI racanA karake unhe paDhAyA / phira unhe bhUtabalike pAsa bheja diyA / bhUtabaline puSpadantako alpAyu jAnakara AgekI grantharacanA kii| isa taraha puSpadanta aura bhUtabaline SaTkhaNDAgama nAmake siddhAnta granthakI racanA kii| phira bhUtabaline SaTkhaNDAgamako lipibaddha karake jyeSTha zuklA paMcamIke dina usakI pUjA kii| isIse yaha tithi jainome zruta pacamIke nAmase prasiddha huii| guNadhara (vi0 saM0 kI 2rI zatI) AcArya guNadhara bhI lagabhaga isI samayame hue| ve jJAna-pravAda nAmaka pA~cave pUrvake dasaveM vastu adhikArake antargata kasAyapAhur3arUpI zruta samudraka pAragAmI the| unhone bhI zrutakA vinAza ho jAneke bhayase kasAyapAhuDa nAmakA mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta grantha prAkRta gAthAyome nibaddha kiyaa| - kundakunda (vi0 saM0 kI 2rI zatI) AcArya kundakunda jainadharmake mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya the| inake viSayame prasiddha hai ki videha kSetrame jAkara sImaMdhara svAmIkI divyadhvani sunanekA saubhAgya inhe prApta huA thA / inakA prathama nAma padmanandi thaa| koNDakundapurake rahanevAle honese bAdameM ve koNDakundAcAryake nAmase prasiddha hue| usIkA zrutimadhura rUpa 'kundakundAcArya bana gayA / inake pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya aura samayasAra nAmake grantha ati prasiddha hai jo nATakatrayI kahalAte hai| inake sivA inhoMne

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48 jainadharma naneka prAbhRto kI racanA kI hai jinamese ATha prAmRta upalabdha hai| zodhaprAbhRtake antakI eka gAthAme inhone apaneko zrutakevalI bhadravAhukA gaSya batalAyA hai| zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekhomeM inakI baDI kIrti utalAyI gayI hai| 1, umAsvAmI (vi0 saM0 kI 3rI zatI) yaha AcArya kundakundake ziSya the| inhone jaina siddhAntako saMskRta sUtromeM nivaddha karake tattvArthasUtra nAmaka sUtraranthakI racanA kii| inako gRddhapicchAcArya bhI kahate the| zravaNabelagolAke zilAlekha na0 naM0 108 meM likhA hai ki zrI kundakundAcAryake pavitra vaMza umAsvAmI muni hue jo sampUrNa padArthoke jAnanevAle the, muniyome zreSTha the| unhone jinadeva praNIta samasta gAstroke aryako sUtra rUpame nivaddha kiyaa| veprANiyo kI rakSAmeM bar3e sAvadhAna the| ekabAra unhoMne pichI na hone para gRddhake paroko pIchIke rUpameM dhAraNa kiyA thA, tabhI se vidvAn / unako gaddhapicchAcArya kahane lage / sAdhAraNatayA di. jaina muni jIvarakSAke lie mayUrake pakhokI pIchI rakhate hai| ' samanta bhadra (vi0 saM0 kI 3-4thI zatI) jaina samAjake prabhAvaka AcAryoMmeM svAmI samantabhadrakA sthAna 'vahuta UMcA hai| inheM jaina gAsanakA praNetA aura bhAvi tIrthakara taka batalAyA hai / akalaMkadevane apTazatImeM, vidyAnandane apTasahalIma, AcArya jinasenane AdipurANameM, jinamena sUgnei harivaMgapurANama, vAdirAjasUrine nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa aura pArzvanAthacaritameM, vAra nandine candraprabhacaritameM, hattimallane vikrAntakaurava nATapharma tathA anya aneka granthakArone bhI apane apane nanyake prArambhameM inako bahuna hI AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| muni jIvanameM inheM bhasmaka vyAdhi ho gayI, jo gAte the vaha tatkAla jIrNa ho jAtA thaa| use dUra karanA lie unheM kAnI yA phAgIne rAjakIya vivAgyameM pujArI bananA hA aura varga devapina navedyakA bhakSaNa karake apanA roga dUra kiyaa|

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jaina sAhitya 246 jaba kalaI khulI to svayaMbhUstotra racakara jaina zAsanakA pratyakSa prabhAva prakaTa kiyA / inake race hue AptamImAsA, bRhatsvayaMbhUstrotra, yuktyanuzAsana, jinastutizataka tathA ratnakaraNDa nAmaka grantha upalabdha hai, tathA jIva ! siddhi Adi kucha grantha anupalabdha hai / ye prakhara tArkika aura kuzala vAdI the / aneka dezome ghUma-ghUmakara inhone vipakSiyoko zAstrArtham parAsta kiyA / siddhasena (vi0 saM0 kI 5vI zatI) AcArya umAsvAmI (ti) kI taraha siddhasenakI mAnyatA bhI dona sampradAyoMmeM pAyI jAtI hai / donoM hI sampradAya unhe apanA guru mAna hai / digambara sampradAyake AcArya jinasena prathama va dvitIya ne bahuta hUM, Adarake sAtha unakA smaraNa kiyA hai| unakI sUktiyoMko bhagavA RSabhadevakI sUktiyoMke samakakSa vatalAyA hai aura na tavAdIkhA hAthiyoM ke samUha ke liye unheM vikalparUpa nakhoyukta siMha batalAya hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya me 'divAkara' vizeSaNa ke sAtha inaprasiddhi hai / inakA sanmati tarkagrantha ati prasiddha aura bahumAnya hai, yaha prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai / dUsare grantha nyAyAvatAra tathA / - tikAe~ saMskRtame hai / sabhI grantha gahana dArzanika carcAose paripa hai / prasiddha itihAsajJa paM0 jugalakizora 'mukhtArane gahare adhyayana meM khojake bAda yaha siddha kiyA hai ki ukta saba kRtiyA~ eka hI saddha kI nahI hai, siddhasena nAmake koI dUsare vidvAna bhI hue hai / - r devanandi ( IsAkI pAMcavI zatI) zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha na0 40 (64 ) me likhA hai inakA pahalA nAma devanandi thA / buddhikI mahattAke kAraNa ve ja - 1. anekAnta, varpa 9, ki0 11 (sanmati siddhasenA~ka ) /

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jainadharma buddhi kahalAye aura devone unake caraNoMkI pUjA kI, isalie unakA rAma pUjyapAda huA / inakA sakSipta nAma 'deva' bhI thaa| AcArya janasenane AdipurAName aura vAdirAjasUrine pArzvanAthacaritrameM nheM isI sakSipta nAmase smaraNa kiyA hai| mahAkavi dhanaJjayane apanI |mamAlAme pUjyapAdake vyAkaraNako 'apazcima ratnatraya' meM ginAyA hai| nakA jainendra vyAkaraNa jainokA pahalA saMskRta vyAkaraNa hai / isaka 120 bahuta hI sakSipta hai / sajJAe~ bhI sakSipta hai / mugdhabodhake kata * bopadevane ATha vaiyAkaraNome jainendrakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jainendra ke sivAya inake cAra grantha aura upalabdha hai - sarvArthasiddhi, samAdhitatra, STopadeza aura dezabhakti (saMskRta) / inhone apane jainendrapara rAsa bhI banAyA thA jo aprApya hai| isI taraha vaidyaka grantha bhI inhone nAye the / gagavaMzIya rAjA durvinIta inakA ziSya thA, jisakA rAjyala I0 san 482 se 512 taka mAnA jAtA hai| pAtrakesarI (IsAkI chaThIM zatI) inheM pAtrasvAmI bhI kahate hai| inhone bauddhoke trairUpya hetu vAdakA search for 'frokSaNa kadarthana' nAmakA zAstra racA thA jo palabdha hai / zAntarakSitane apane tattvasaMgrahameM pAtrasvAmI ke mata kI locanA karate hue kucha kArikAe~ pUrvapakSake rUpame dI hai / inakA na zloka bahuta prasiddha hai-- anyayAnupapannatva yatra tatra zrayeNa kim / nAnyayAnupapannatva as a zrayeNa kim / vAdirAjasUri aura anantavIryane likhA hai ki bauddhoM ke trilakSaNakhaNDana karane ke lie padmAvatIdevIne bhagavAna sImancara svAmIke maraNameM jAkara unake gaNadharake prasAda se isa zlokako prApta ke pAtra kesarIko diyA thA / zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha naM0 meM bhI aimA ullega hai /

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jaina sAhitya akalaMka' (I0 620 se 680 ) yaha jainanyAyake pratiSThAtA the / prakANDa paNDita, ghurandhara zAstrArthI aura utkRSTa vicAraka the / jainanyAyako inhone jo rUpa diyA usa hI uttarakAlIna jaina granthakArone apanAyA / vauddhoMke sAtha inakA khUba saMgharSa rhaa| svAmI samantabhadrake yaha suyogya uttarAdhikArI the / inhoMne unake AptamImAsA granthapara 'aSTazatI' nAmaka bhASyakI racanA kii| inakI racanAe~ durUha aura gambhIra hai / avataka inake aSTazatI, pramANasaMgraha, nyAyavinizcaya, laghIyastraya aura tattvArtharAjavArtika nAmake grantha prakAzameM A cuke hai | siddhivinizcaya prakAzameM nahI AyA / vidyAnandi ( I0 9vI zatI) 251 vidyAnanda apane samayake vahuta hI samartha vidvAn the / inhone akalaMkadevakI aSTazatIpara 'aSTasahasrI' nAmakA mahAn grantha likhA hai , jise samajhane meM acche acche vidvAnoko kaSTa sahasrIkA anubhava hotA hai / ya sabhI darzanoke pAragAmI vidvAn the / inhone aSTasahasrI, AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, tattvArthazloka vArtika aura yuktyanuzAsana- TIkA nAmake grantha race hai| sabhI bahuta prauDha dArzanika grantha hai / mANikyanandi ( I0 9vI zatI) nAmake inhoMne akalakadevake vacanokA avagAhana karake parIkSAmukha sUtra granthakI racanA kI hai jisame pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakA / sUtrabaddha vivecana kiyA hai| sUtra sakSipta spaSTa aura sarasa hai / anantavIrya ( I0 kI 9vI zatI) yaha akalaMka nyAyake prakANDa paNDita the / inhone unake siddhivinizcaya granthapara bahuta hI vidvattApUrNa TIkA likhI hai / vAdirAjane apane nyAyavinizcayavivaraName inakI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai, aura likhA 1. inakI jIvanI va paricaya jAnaneke lie nyAyakumudacandrake prathama bhAgakI prastAvanA paDhiye |

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252 jainadharma hai ki inake vacanAmRtakI vRSTise jagatko khA jAnevAlI zUnyavAdarUpI agni zAnta ho gayI / vIrasena ( I0 790 - 825) AcArya vIrasena prasiddha siddhAnta grantha paTakhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhuDake marmajJa the / unhone prathama granthapara 62 hajAra zloka pramANa prAkRta saMskRta - mizrita ghavalA nAmakI TIkA likhI hai / aura kasAyapAhuDa para 20 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara hI svargavAsI ho gye| ye TIkAe~ jaina siddhAnta kI gahana carcAo se paripUrNa hai / ghavalAkI prazastime unhe vaiyAkaraNokA adhipati, tArkikacakravartI aura 'pravAdI rUpI gajo ke lie siha samAna vatalAyA hai / jinasena ( I0 800 - 880 ) yaha vIrasenake ziSya the / inhoMne guruke svargavAsI ho jAne para jayaghavalA TIkAko pUrA kiyaa| inhone apaneko 'addhikarNa' batalAyA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha bAlavayameM hI dIkSita ho gaye the / yaha bar3e kavi the / inhone apane navanakAlameM hI kAlidAsake meghadUtako lekara pArzvabhyudaya nAmakA sundara kAvya racA thaa| meghadUtameM jitane bhI patha hai, unake antima caraNa tathA anya caraNomeMse bhI eka eka, do do karake isake pratyeka padyameM samAviSTa kara liye gaye hai| inakA eka dUsarA grantha mahA purANa hai / inhone sAre tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoMkA caritra likhanekI icchAse mahApurANa likhanA prArambha kiyaa| kintu inakA bhI bIcameM hI svargavAsa ho gayA / ata use inake ziSya guNabhadrAcAryane pUrNa kiyaa| rAjA amoghavarSa inakA ziSya thA aura inheM bahuta mAnatA thA / prabhAcandra ( I0 san kI 11vI zatI) } AcArya prabhAcandra eka bahuta dArzanika vidvAna the| sabhI darzano ke prAya sabhI maulika granthokA unhone abhyAsa kiyA thaa| yaha bAta unake race hue nyAyakumudacandra aura prameya-kamala-mArtaNDa nAmaka dArza * L -

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jaina sAhitya 253 nika granyoke avalokanase spaSTa ho jAtI hai| inameM se pahalA grantha akalaMkadevake laghIyastrayakA vyAkhyAna hai aura dUsarA AcArya mANikyanandike parIkSAmukha nAmaka sUtra grnthkaa| zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha naM0 40 (64) me inheM zabdAmbhoruhabhAskara aura prathita tarka granthakAra batalAyA hai| inhone zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNapara eka vistRta nyAsa grantha bhI racA thA jisakA kucha bhAga upalabdha hai / inake gurukA nAma padmanandi saiddhAntika thaa| vAdirAja (I0 sa0 11vI zatI) vAdirAja tArkika hokara bhI uccakoTike kavi the| SaTtarka SaNmukha, syAdvAdavidyApati aura jagadekamallavAdI unakI upAdhiyA thii| nagara tAllukAke zilAlekha naM0 36 meM batAyA hai ki ve sabhAma akalaMka the, pratipAdana karanemeM dharmakIrti the, bolaneme bRhaspati / aura nyAyazAstrameM akSapAda the| unhoMne akalaMkadevake nyAya vinizcayapara vidvattApUrNa vivaraNa likhA hai jo lagabhaga bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa hai| tathA zaka saM0 647 (I0 saM0 1025) ma pArzvanAthacarita racA jo bahuta hI sarasa prauDha racanA hai| anya bhI kaI anya aura stotra inhone banAye hai| inake gurukA nAma matisAgara thA ___yaha to huA kucha prasiddha digambara jainAcAryokA paricaya ava kucha zvetAmbara jainAcAryokA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| AcAryomeM umAsvAmIkI umAsvAti nAmase tathA / siddhasenadivAkara nAmase zvetAmvara sampradAyame bhI bahuta tiSTha hai| aura vaha inako zvetAmbarAcArya rUpasehI mAnatA hai| __niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu bhadravAhu nAmake do AcArya ho gaye hai| yaha dUsare bhadrava vikramakI chaThI zatImeM hue hai| ve jAtise brAhmaNa the / prasi jyotiSI varAhamihira inakA bhAI thaa| inhoMne Agamo / niyuktiyoMkI racanA kI tathA anya bhI aneka grantha bnaaye|

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254 janadharma mallavAdI yaha pravala tArkika the| AcArya hemacandrane apane vyAkaraNameM likhA hai ki saba tArkika mallavAdIse pIche hai| inakA banAyA huA nayacakra grantha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai jisakA pUrA nAma dvAdazAra nayacatra hai| mUla grantha to upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usakI siMha kSamAzramaNa kRta TIkA milatI hai / AcArya haribhadrane apane 'anekAnta jayapatAkA pranthame inakA vAdimukhya karake ullekha kiyA hai, ataH itanA nizcita hai ki ye vikramakI AThavI zatIse pahile hue hai| jinabhadragaNi (I0 6-7vIM zatI) jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa eka bahuta hI samartha aura Agama-kuzala vidvAna the| inakA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya nAmakA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| usIke kAraNa bhASyakAra nAmase inakI khyAti hai| isa granyama unhone siddhasenake vicAroMkA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| vizeSaNavatI, Adi anya bhI aneka grantha inake race hue hai| AcArya hemacandrane inheM utkRSTa vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai| haribhadra (I0 700-750) haribhadrasUri zvetAmbara sampradAyake vahumAnya vidvAn hue hai| inhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRtameM aneka granthokI racanA kI hai| inake race hue anyomeM anekAntavAda praveza, anekAnta-jayapatAkA, lalitavistarA, paDdarzana samuccaya, aura samarAicca kahA ati prasiddha hai / apane prakaraNa granthoMme inhone tatkAlIna sAdhuoMkI kharI AlocanA bhI kI hai| abhayadeva (I0 11vI zatI) / yaha pradyumnasUrike ziSya the| inhone siddhasenake sanmati-tarkapara bahuta hI vidvattApUrNa TIkA likhI hai| isa TIkAmeM saikar3o dArzanika nyokA nicor3a bharA huA hai| saMkSepameM digambara paramparAmeM akalaMkava, vidyAnandi aura prabhAcandakA jo sthAna hai vahI sthAna zvetAmbara

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jaina sAhitya 255 paramparAmeM mallavAdI, haribhadra aura abhayadeva sUrikA hai| chaho vidvAn dArzanika kSetrake jAjvalyamAna nakSatra the| / hemacandra (I0 13vI zatI) vidvAnome AcArya hemacandrako bahuta UMcA sthAna prApta hai| gurjara . nareza siddharAja jayasiMha unakA pUrNa bhakta thA / usake nAmapara hI unhone apanA siddha haima vyAkaraNa vnaayaa| usIkA eka adhyAya prAkRta vyAkaraNa hai jo ati prasiddha hai| AcAryakA janma sa0 1145 meM huaa| nau varSakI avasthA me dIkSA lI aura saM0 1162 me AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| saM0 1226 me unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAnya, kopa Adi sabhI viSayopara unhone adbhuta grantha likhe| jayasiMhakA uttarAdhikArI rAjA kumArapAla to unakA ziSyA hI thaa| / yazovijaya (I. 18vIM zatI) zvetAmvara paramparAmeM hemacandrAcAryaka pazcAt yazovijaya jaisA sarvazAstrapAraMgata dUsarA vidvAn nahIM huaa| inhone kAzIme vidyAdhyayana kiyA thA aura navyanyAyake na kevala vidvAn hI the kintu usI zailIme kaI grantha bhI rce| unakI jaina tarkabhASA, jJAna vindu, nayarahasya, nayapradIpa Adi grantha adhyayana karane yogya hai| inakI vicArasaraNi bahuta hI pariSkRta aura satulita thii| .. jaina kalA aura purAtattva jaina paramparAke anusAra isa avasarpiNI kAlame hrAsa hote hote va bhogabhUmikA sthAna karmabhUmine le liyA to bhagavAn RSabhadevane nitAke yogakSemake lie puruSoke bahattara kalAoM aura striyoke saTha guNoko btlaayaa| jaina aMga sAhityake terahave parvame unakA

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- 256 -- - jainadharma vistRta varNana thA, vaha ava naSTa ho cukA hai| isase patA lagatA hai ki pahale kalAkA artha vahata vyApaka thaa| usame jIvana-yApanase lekara jIva-uddhAra takake sava satprayala sammilita the| kahA bhI hai kalA vahattara purupakI, tAmeM do srdaar| eka jIvakI jIvikA, eka jIva-uddhAra // jaina dharmakA to pradhAna lakSya hI jIva uddhAra hai| balki yadi kahA jAya ki jIva uddhAraka lie kiye jAne vAle satprayatnokA nAma hI janadharma hai to anucita na hogaa| isI se Aja kalAkI paribhASA jo satya zivaM sundara' kI jAtI hai, arthAt jo satya hai, kalyANakara hai aura sundara hai vahI kalA hai, vaha jainakalAmeM sughaTita hai, kyoki jainadharmase sambaddha citrakalA, mUrtikalA aura sthApatyakalA, sundara honeke sAtha hI sAtha kalyANakara bhI hai aura satyakA darzana karAtI hai| nIce unakA paricaya sakSepameM diyA jAtA hai| citrakalA saragujA rAjyake antargata lakSmaNapurase 12 mIla rAmagiri nAmaka pahADa hai vahA~ para jogImArA guphA hai| guphAkI caukhaTa para bar3e hI sundara citra akita hai| ye citra aitihAsika dRSTise prAcIna hai tathA janadharmasa sambandhita hai| parantu sarakSaNake abhAvase citroMkI hAlata kharAba ho gayI h| puddukoTe rAjyameM rAjadhAnIse mIla uttara eka jaina guphA mandira hai| use sitanavAsala kahate hai| sitanavAsala kA prAkRta rUpa hai siddhaNNavAsa-siddhoMkA nivaas| isakI bhItoMpara pUrva-pallava rAjAokI zailIke citra hai, jo tamila saskRti aura sAhityake mahAn sarakSaka prasiddha kalAkAra rAjA mahendravarmAprathama (600-625 I0) ke vanavAye hue hai aura atyanta sundara honeke sAtha hI sAtha sabase prAcIna jaina citra hai| isameM to koI sandeha nahI ki ajatAke sarvotkRSTa citroka sAtha 'sitanavAsalake citrokI tulanA karanA anyAya hogaa| kintu ye citra

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259 jaina kalA aura purAtattva bhI bhAratIya citrakalAke itihAsame gauravapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| inakI racanA zailI ajaMtAke bhitticitroMse bahuta milatI julatI hai|| __yahA~ ava dIvAroM aura chata para sirpha do cAra citra hI kucha acchI hAlatame vace hai| inakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki bahuta thoDI kintu sthira aura dRDha rekhAome atyanta sundara AkRtiyA baDI hoziyArIke sAtha likha dI gayI hai josajIva sI jAna paDatI hai| guphAme samavasaraNakI sundara racanA: citrita hai| sArI guphA kamalose alaMkRta hai| khambhopara nartakiyoke citra haiN| varAmadekI chatake madhyabhAgame puSkariNIkA citra hai| jalame pazu-pakSI, jalavihAra kara rahe hai| citrake dAhinI oratIna manuSyAkRtiyA~ AkarSaka aura sundara hai| guphAme paryaka mudrAmeM sthita puruSa pramANa atyanta sundara pA~ca tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ hai jomUrti-vidhAna kalAkI apekSAse bhI ullekhanIya hai| vAstavameM pallavakAlIna citra bhAratIya vidvAnoMke lie adhyayanakI vastu sitanavAsalake vAda jainadharmase sambaddha citrakalAke udAharaNa dasavI gyArahavI zatIse lagAkara paMdrahavI zatAbdI taka milate hai vidvAnoMkA kahanA hai ki isa madhyakAlIna citrakalAke avazeSoMke lie: bhArata jaina bhaNDArokA AbhArI hai; kyoki prathama to isa kAlame prAya eka hajAra varSa taka jainadharma kA prabhAva bhAratavarSake eka bahuta bar3e mAgama phailA huA thaa| dUsare jainoMne bahuta bar3I saMkhyAmeM dhArmika grantha tAr3a patroMpara likhavAye aura citrita karavAye the| vi0 saM0 1157 kI citrita nizIthacUNikI prati Aja upalabdha hai jo jainAzrita kalAma ati prAcIna hai| 15vI zatIke pUrvakI jitanI bhI kalAtmaka citrakRtiyA~ milatI hai ve kevala jaina anyoMmeM hI prApya hai| Aja taka jo prAcIna jaina sAhitya upalabdha huA hai usakA bahu bhAga tADapatropara likhA huA milA hai| ata bhAratIya patrakalAka vikAsa tAr3apatroMpara bhI khUba huA hai / muni jinavijayajIkA likhanA hai ki citrakalAke itihAsa aura adhyayanakI dRSTise tAr3apatrakI ye sacitra pustakeM bar3I mUlyavAn aura AkarSaNIya vastu hai|

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258 janadharma madrAsa gavarmeNTa myUjiyamase "Tirupatti Kunram' nAmaka ka mUlyavAn grantha zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana dvArA likhita prakAzita A hai| isameM prakAzita citrose dakSiNa bhAratakI jaina citrakalA ddhatikA acchA AbhAsa milatA hai| inameM se adhikAMza citra bhagavAn hiSabhadeva aura mahAvIrakI jIvana ghaTanAoMpara prakAza DAlate haiN| nise usa samayake pahanAva nRtyakalA AdikA paricaya milatA hai| tAr3apatroMko surakSita rakhane ke lie kASTha-phalakoMkA prayoga kiyA nAtA thA / ata. unapara bhI janacitra kalAke sundara namUne milate haiN| jaina citrakalAke sambandhame citrakalAke mAnya vidvAn zrI ena0 sI0 mahatAne jo udgAra prakaTa kiye hai ve usapara prakAza DAlanake lie paryApta hoNge| ve likhate hai-jana citroMmeM eka prakAra kI nirmalatA, phUrti aura gativega hai, jisase DA. AnandakumAra svAmI jaise rasika vedvAn mugdha ho jAte hai| ina citroMkI paramparA ajaMtA, elorA, . vAgha, aura sitanavAsalake bhitticitroMkI hai| samakAlIna sabhyatAka adhyayanake lie ina citroMse bahuta kucha jJAnavRddhi hotI hai| khAsakara pozAka, sAmAnya upayogameM Ane vAlI cIje Adike sambandhama aneka vAteM jJAta hotI hai|' mUrtikalA janadharma nivRttipradhAna dharma hai, ata. prArambhase lekara Ajataka utake mUtividhAnameM prAya. ekahI rItike darzana hote hai / I0 sa0 ke ArambhameM kuzAna rAjyakAlakI jo jana pratimAeM milatI hai unameM aura saikar3oM varpa pIchekI banI jana mUrtiyoMmeM vAhya dRSTise thoDA bahuta hI antara hai| pratimAke lAkSaNika aMga lagabhaga do hajAra varpataka eka hI rUpameM kAyama rahe hai| padmAsana yA khar3agAsana mUtiyoma lambA kAla vIta jAnepara bhI vizeSa bheda nahI pAyA jaataa| jaina tIrthaGkarakI mUrti virakta, 1 bhAratIya pimAlA pR0 33 //

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256 / // gayA ho jaina kalA aura purAtattva zAnta, aura prasanna hotI hai| usame manuSyahRdayakI vikRtiyoMko sthAna, nahIM hotaa| isase jana pratimA usakI mukhamudrAke Uparase turanta hI pahacAnI jA sakatI hai| khar3I mUrtiyoMke sukhapara prasannatA aura donoM hAtha nirjIva jaise sIdhe laTakate hue hote hai| baiThI huI pratimA dhyAnamudrAme padmAsanase virAjamAna hotI hai| donoM hAtha goMdImeM saralatAse sthaapitr| rahate hai| 24 tIrthaDroke pratimAvidhAname vyaktibheda na honese Thanaka Asanake Upara aMkita cihnoMse jude jude tIrthaGkaroMkI pratimA pahacAnI jAtI hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara mUrtiyoMme bheda aura usake kAraNakI, carcA isI pustakake 'saMghabheda' zIrSakame kI gayI hai| __ madhyakAlIna jaina mUrtiyome bauddha prathAke samAna kapAlapara UrNA aura mastakapara uSNISa tathA vakSasthalapara zrIvatsakA cihna bhI aMkita hone lgaa| kintu jaina mUrtiyoMkI lAkSaNika racanAmeM koI parivartana nahIM huaa| __ vartamAnameM sabase prAcIna jaina mUrti paTanAke lohanIpura sthAnase prApta huI hai| yaha mUrti niyamase maurya kAlakI ha aura paTanA myujiyamame rakhI huI hai| isakA camakadAra pAlisa abhI taka bhI jyoMkA tyo; banA hai| lAhora, mathurA, lakhanaU, prayAga Adike myUjiyamoMme bhI aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ maujUda hai| inameM se kucha guptakAlIna hai| zrI vAsudeva upAdhyAyane likhA hai-mathurAme 24ve tIrthaGkara vardhamAna mahAvIrakI eka mUrti milI hai jo kumAraguptake samayameM taiyAra kI gayI thii| vAstavameM mathurAmeM jaina mUrtikalAko dRSTise bhI bahuta kAma huA hai| zrI rAya kRSNadAsane likhA hai ki mathurAkI zuMgakAlIna kalA mukhyata. jaina sampradAyakI hai| ___khaNDagiri aura udayagirimeM I0 pU0 188-30 takakI zaMgakAlIna mUrtizilpake adbhuta cAturyake darzana hote hai / vahA~para isa kAlakI kaTI huI sauke lagabhaga jaina guphAeM hai jinameM matizilpa bhI hai| dakSiNa bhAratake alagAmala nAmaka sthAnameM khudAIse jo jaina mUrtiyAM 1-bhAratIya murtikalA pR0 59 / -

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jainadharma 'desakara kalAke pArakhI mugdha ho jAte hai| dakSiNameM jahAM boddha dharmaka sthApatyake ina gine avazeSa hai vahAM jaina dharmake prAcIna sthApatyaka bahutase udAharaNa Aja bhI upalabdha hai| inameM pramukha hai elorAkI indrasabhA aura jagannAtha sbhaa| sabhavata. inakI sudAI cAlukyoMkI vAdAmI zAkhA yA rASTakaToka tattvAvadhAnameM huI hogI, kyoki vAdAmImeM bhI isI / tarahakI eka jaina guphA hai jo sAtavI gatIkI mAnI jAtI hai| dakSiNameM jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyokI bahutAyata hai| zravaNa'belagolA (maisUra) meM gomaTTasvAmIkI prasiddha jaina mUrti hai jo sthApatya kalAkI dRSTile apUrva hai| vahA~ aneka jaina mandira hai jo veDiyana zailIke hai| kanADA jilemeM athavA tula pradezameM jaina mandirokI bahutAyata hai kintu unakI zailIna dakSiNa bhAratakI draDiyana zailIse hI milatI ha aura na uttara bhAratakI shailiise| muDavidrIke mandiroMmeM lakar3IkA upayoga adhika pAyA jAtA hai aura usakI nakkAzI darzanIya hai| sArAga 'yaha ki bhAratavarSakA zAyada hI koI konA aisA ho jahA~ jana purAtattvaka "avazeSa na pAye jAte hoN| jahA~ Aja janokA nivAsa nahIM hai vahAM bhI jaina kalAke sundara namUne pAye jAte hai| isIse prasiddha citrakAra zrIyuta ravizakara rAvalakA kahanA I-bhAratIya kalAkA abhyAsI jainadharmakI jarA bhI upekSA nahIM kara sktaa| mujhe jainadharma kalAkA mahAn AzrayadAtA, uddhAraka aura vasaMrakSaka pratIta hotA hai| ra sva0 ke0pI0 jAyasavAlane jainadharmase sambaddha vAstukalAke viSayame eka nAmaka bAta kahI hai| jaina aura bauddha mandiropara apsarAko Adi, kI mUrtiko lekara unhone likhA hai-'aba prazna yaha hai ki bauddho aura noko ye apsarAe~ kahAM se milI x x x merA uttara yaha hai ki "unhone ye saba cIjeM sanAtanI hindU (vaidika) imAratose se lI hai| 1-andhakAra yugIna bhArata, pR0 95-96 /

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jaina kalA aura purAtattva 263 bhAratIya kalAko isa taraha phirko bAMTaneke sambandhameM vyuhalarakA mata ullekhanIya hai jo unhone mathurAse prApta purAtattvase zikSA grahaNa karake nirdhArita kiyA thaa| unakA kahanA hai - ' mathurAse prApta khojone mujhe yaha pATha paDhAyA hai ki bhAratIya kalA sAmpradAyika nahI hai / bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNa dharmone apane-apane samayakI aura dezakI ' kalAoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| unhoMne kalAke kSetrame pratIkoM aura rUDhigata rItiyoM ko eka hI srotase liyA hai / cAhe stUpa hoM, yA vi vRkSa yA cakra yA aura kucha ho, ye sabhI dhArmika yA kalAtmaka tatva rUpameM jaina, bauddha aura sanAtanI hindU sabhIke lie samAna sulabha hai / ' unake isa matakI puSTi viseNTa smithane apanI pustaka 'dI jaina stUpa eNDa adara enTIkvITIsa Apha mathurA me kI hai / " 4 + isa taraha prAcIna mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, zilAlekhoM, guphAo aura tAmrapatroMka rUpame Aja bhI jaina purAtattva yatra tatra pAyA jAtA hai zrI bahuta sA samaya ke pravAhame naSTa ho gayA tathA naSTa kara diyA gayA mi0 phargyusanakA kahanA hai ki bAraha khambhoMke gumbajoMkA jainome bahuta calana rahA hai| isa tarahakA gumbaja eka to bhelasAme nirmita samAna pAyA jAtA hai jo sambhavata. 4 thI zatI kA hai| dUsarA bAghakI mahA. guphA hai jo chaThI yA sAtavI zatIkA hai / isa tarahake gumbaja khoja para aura bhI mila sakate the / kintu ina gumbajoM ke patale aura zAnadA stambhoMko musalamAnone apane kAmakA pAyA; kyoMki ve bar3I saralatA se phirase baiThAye jA sakate the / isalie unheM binA naSTa kiye hI........ mAnoMne apane kAma meM le liyA / mi0 'phargyusanakA kahanA hai / ajamera, dehalI, kannoja, ghAra aura ahamadAbAdakI vizAla masji janoke mandirose hI puna nirmita kI gayI hai / gujarAtake prasiddha somanAthake mandirako kauna nahI jAnatA 1 History of Indian and Eastern Architecture. P. 20 1

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jainadharma - 1025 me mahamUda gajanIne ise toDA thA / isa mandira kI nirmANa kI giranAra parvata para sthita zrI neminAthake jaina mandirase milatItI huI hai| mi0 phargyusanakA kahanA hai ki jaba musalamAnone isa ndirapara AkramaNa kiyA usa samaya vaha somezvarakA mandira kahA tA thaa| somezvara nAmase hI ziva mAna liyA gyaa| yadi vaha ndira zivakA thA to usameM avazya hI girvAlaMga pratiSThita honA hiye / kintu musalima itihAsa lekhakoMkA kahanA hai ki mUrtike ra hAtha paira aura peTa thA / aisI sthitime vaha mUrti zivaliMga na hokara SNukI yA kisI jaina tIrthaGkarakI honI cAhiye / usa samaya gujarAtameM SNavadharmakA nAmonizAna bhI dekhane ko nahI milatA / tathA musala ke bAda usa mandirakA jIrNodvAra rAjA bhImadeva, siddharAja aura mArapAlane karAyA, jo sava jaina the / ina sava vAtoMparase phargyUsana To ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki somanAthakA mandira jaina mandira thA / kalAkI taraha purAtattva zabdakA artha bhI bahuta vyApaka hai / itiusa Adike nirmANa meM jina sAghanokI AvazyakatA hotI hai ve sabhI tattvameM gati hai / ata prAcIna mandiroM, mUtiyoM, guphAoM aura tambhoMkI taraha prAcIna zilAlekho aura zAstroko bhI purAtatvameM ammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zravaNabelagolA (maisUra) meM bahutase zilAlekha aMkita hai / maisUra tattva vibhAga tatkAlIna adhikArI lUisa rAisa sAhavane zravaNa"lagolAke 144 zilAlekhokA magraha prakAzita kiyA thaa| isakI [mikAmeM unhone ina lekho ke aitihAsika mahattvakI ora vidvAnokA yAna AkarSita kiyA aura candragupta maurya tathA bhadravAhuke pArasparika Forest vivecana kara unhoMne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki samrATa indragupta maurya ne bhadravAhame jinadIkSA lI thI tathA zi0 lesa na0 1 yA smAraka hai| 1 upagrahakA dUsarA satvaraNa rAvabahAdUra Ara0 narasihAcAryane 1

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265 jaina kalA aura purAtattva racakara prakAzita kiyaa| isame unhoMne 500 zilAlekhoMkA saMgraha kiyA hai va bhUmikAmeM unake aitihAsika mahattvakA vivecana kiyA hai| kintu ye saMgraha kanaDI va romana lipimeM hai ata ukta lekhoMkA eka devanAgarI saMskaraNa pro0 hIrAlAla tathA zrIvijayamUrtise sampAdita karAke zrI nAthUrAmajI premIne prakAzita kiyA hai| isI taraha AbU devagar3ha ! Adime bhI aneka zilAlekha mUrtilekha vagairaha pAye jAte hai| bhAratIya ! itihAsake lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa khaNDagiri udayagirise prApta jaina zilAlekhakI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| isa taraha jainoMne bahusaMkhyaka zilAlekho, pratimAlekho, tAmrapatroM, grantha prazastiyoM, puSpikAoM, paTTAvaliyoM, gurvAvaliyoM, rAjavazAva-' liyoM aura granyoMke rUpame vipula aitihAsika sAmagrI pradAna kI hai| sva0 vairisTara zrI kA0 pra0 jAyasavAlane apane eka lekhme| likhA thA-janoMke yahA~ koI 2500 varSakI savat gaNanAkA hisAba hinduoM bharame sabase acchA hai| usase vidita hotA hai ki purAne samayameM aitihAsika paripATIkI varSagaNanA hamAre dezameM thii| jaba vaha aura jagaha lupta aura naSTa ho gayI, taba kevala jainoMme baca rhii| jainokI gaNanAke AdhArapara hamane paurANika aura aitihAsika bahuta-sI ghaTanAmoko jo vuddha aura mahAvIrake samayase idhara kI hai, samayabaddha kiyA aura dekhA ki unakA ThIka milAna sujJAta gaNanAse mila jAtA hai| kaI eka aitihAsika vAtokA patAjanokI aitihAsika lekha paTTAvaliyome hI milatA hai 1 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, kha 1, pR0 211 /

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6-sAmAjika rUpa 1 janasaMgha muni AyikA aura zrAvaka zrAvikA, inake samudAyako janasagha kahate hai / muni aura AryikA gRhatyAgI varga hai aura zrAvaka zrAvikA gRhI varga hai| janasaMghame ye dono varga barAvara rahate hai| jaba ye varga nahI raheMge to janasaMgha bhI nahIM rahegA, aura java janasaMgha nahIM rahegA tava jainadharma bhI na rhegaa| yadyapi ye donoM varga jude-juda hai, phira bhI parasparame ina donoMkA aisA gaThavandhana banAye rakhanekA prayatla kiyA gayA hai ki donoM eka sarese jude nahI ho sakate aura donokA parasparameM eka dUsarepara nayaMtraNa yA prabhAva jaisA kucha banA rahatA hai| hindUdharmake sAdhusantopara se unake gRhasthoMkA kucha bhI aMkuza nahI rahatA, vaisI bAta janasaMghama hI hai| yahA~ zIlabhraSTa aura kadAcArI sAdhuoMpara varAvara nigAha khI jAtI hai aura kisIkI svacchandatA adhika dinoM taka nahIM cala tii| Aja to saghavyavasthA asta-vyasta ho gayI hai aura sAdhuoma niyamanakA abhAva ho gayA hai, kintu pahale yaha bAta na thii| pahale cAryakI svIkRti aura anujJAke binA koI sAdhu akelA vihAra nahIM ra sakatA thaa| aura akele vihAra karanekI AjJA use hI dI jAtI / jise cirakAlake sahavAsase parakha liyA jAtA thaa| muni dIkSA / harekako nahIM dI jAtI thii| pahale use saMghame rakhakara parakhA jAtA aura yaha jAnanekA pravala kiyA jAtA thA ki vaha kisI gArhasthika, jakIya yA anya kisI kAraNase ghara chor3akara to nahI bhAgA hai| da utake cittama vastuta vairAgyabhAvanA pravala hotI thI to use sarva ke namakSa jinadIkSA dI jAtI thii| sAsaMghameM eka pradhAna AcAya

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sAmAjika rUpa / 267 hote the aura kucha avAntara AcArya hote the / ve saba milakara saMghakA niyamana karate the / prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya aura dhyAnakI ora sAdhuvargakA khAsa taura se dhyAna dilAyA jAtA thA / pratyeka sAdhuke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki vaha apane aparAdhoMkI AlocanA AcAryake sanmukha kare aura AcArya jo prAyazcitta de use sAdara svIkAra / kare / pratidina pratyeka sAdhu prAta kAla uThakara apane se baDoM ko namaskAra ! karatA thA aura jo rogI yA asamartha sAdhu hote the unakI sevA-zuzrUSA karatA thA / isa sevA-zuzrUSA yA vaiyAvRtyakA jainazAstrome baDA mahattva batalAyA hai aura ise Abhyantara tapa kahA hai / isI prakAra AyikAokI bhI vyavasthA thii| donoMkA rahanA vagairaha vilkula judA hotA thA / kisI sAghuko AryikAse yA AryikAko sAghuse ekAnta meM ' bAtacIta karanekI sakhta manAI thI, aura nizcita dUrIpara baiThanekA, Adeza thA / sAdhuvarga rAjakAjase koI sarokAra nahI rakha sakatA thA / sAghuke jo dasa kalpa- avazya karane yogya AcAra batalAye hai uname sAdhuke lie rAjapiNDa - rAjAkA bhojana grahaNa na karanA bhI eka AcAra hai / rAjapiNDa grahaNa karanemeM aneka doSa batalAye hai / hindU dharma meM dhArmika kriyAkANDa aura dhArmika zAstroke adhyayana adhyApanake liye eka varga hI judA honese hindU dharmake anuyAyI hatya apane dharmake jJAnase to eka tarahase zUnyase hI ho gaye aura AcArame bhI kevala UparI bAtoMtaka hI raha gaye / kintu jainadharmame aisA koI vaga na honese aura zAstra svAdhyAya 'tathA vyaktigata sadAcaraNapara jora honese sava zrAvaka aura zrAvikAeM jainadharmake jJAna aura AcaraNase vaMcita nahI ho sake / phalataH sAghu aura AryikAoM ke AcArameM kucha bhI truTi honepara ve usako jhaTa A~ka lete the / aisA lagatA hai ki digambara sampradAya meM bhaTTArakayugame muniyome githilAcAra kucha vaDha calA thA aura logoM muniyokI orase yahAMtaka aruci sI ho calI thI ki

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268 panavarma, zrAvaka unhe bhojana bhI nahIM dete the| ata usa samayake somadeva sari paurapaM0 AzAgharajIko apane apane zrAvakAcArame gRhasthoMkI isa kar3AI kA virodha karanA par3A thaa| somadevasUri likhate hai "bhuktimAtrapradAne tu kA parIkSA tpsvinaam| te santa. santvasanto vA gRhI dAnena zuddhayati / " yazastilaka / arthAt-~-"AhAramAtra deneme maniyokI kyA parIkSA karate ho? ve sajjana hoM yA asajjana hoM, gRhastha to dAna denese zuddha hotA hI hai| paM0 AzAparajI likhate hai "vinyasyadayugIneSu . pratimAsu jinAniva / bhaktyA pUrvamunInat kutaH zreyo'vicacinAm // 64 // " sAgAradharmA0 / arthAt-"jaise pratimAoMmeM tIrthaDrokI sthApanA karake unheM pUjate hai vaise hI isa yugake sAghuoMme prAcIna muniyoMkI sthApanA karaka bhaktipUrvaka unakI pUjA karanA cAhiye / jo loga jyAdA kSodakSema karate hai unakA kalyANa kaise ho sakatA hai?" gRhasthokI isa jAgarUkatAke phalasvarUpa hI jainadharmameM anAcArakI vRddhi nahIM ho sakI aura na use protsAhana hI mila sakA / jena gRhasthoMmeM sadAse zAstramarmaja vidvAn hote Aye hai| jina vidvAnona var3e bar3e granthoMkI hindI TIkAeM kI hai ve sabhI jaina gRhastha the| unhoMne apane sampradAyame phalanevAle zithilAcArakA bhI DaTakara virodha kiyA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa eka nayA sampradAya bana gayA aura zithilAcArake sarjakokA lopa hI ho gyaa| jainasaMghameM striyoMko bhI bAdaraNIya sthAna prApta thaa| digamvara 'sampradAya yadyapi strI-mukti nahI mAnatA phira bhI AryikA aura zrAvikAoMkA varAvara sanmAna karatA hai aura unheM bahuta hI Adara aura zraddhAkI dRSTise dekhatA hai| janasaMghameM vidhavAko jo adhikAra prApta hai ve hindUdharmameM nahI hai| jaina siddhAntake anusAra putrarahita vidhavA

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264 sAmAjika rUpa strI apane patikI taraphase sampattikI mAlakina ho sakatI hai, apane mRta pati tathA usake uttarAdhikAriyokI sammatike vinA dattaka le sakatI hai| jainasaMghame cAro varNake loga sammilita ho sakate the| zUdrako bhI dharmasevanakA adhikAra thaa| jaisA ki likhA hai'zudro'pyupaskarAcAravapuzuddhayAstu tAdRzaH / jAtyA hIno'pi kAlAdilabdhau hyAtmA'sti dharmabhAk // 22 // ' sAgAradharmAH / arthAt-'upakaraNa, AcAra aura zarIrakI zuddhi honese zUdra bhI, jainadharmakA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| kyoki kAlalabdhi Adike milanepara jAtise hIna AtmA bhI dharmakA adhikArI hotA hai|' kintu munidIkSAke yogya tIna hI varNa mAne gaye hai| kisI 'kisI AcAryane tInoM varNoko parasparameM vivAha aura khAnapAna karane kI bhI anujJA dI hai| yaha vAta jainasaMghakI vizeSatAko vatalAtI hai| ki ahiMsA aNunatakA pAlana karanevAloMmeM jainazAstroMme yamapAla caNDAlakA nAma bar3e Adarase liyA gayA hai| svAmI samantabhadrane to, yahA~taka likhA hai "samyagdarzanasampannamapi mAtaGgadehajam / devA deva vidurbhasmagUDhAjArAntarojasam // 28 // " ratnakaraDa shraa0|' arthAt---"samyagdarzanase yukta cANDAlako bhI jinendradeva rAkhase Dhaka hue aGgArake samAna (antaraMgame dIptise yukta) deva mAnate hai| jainasaghakI eka dUsarI ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka jainako apane sAdharmI bhAIke prati vaisA hI sneha rakhanekI hidAyata hai jaisA sneha go apane baccese rakhatI hai| tathA yadi koI sAdharmI kisa kAraNavaza dharmase cyuta hotA thA to jisa upAyase bhI bane usa upAyase use cyuta na hone denekA prayatna kiyA jAtA thA aura yaha samyaktvaka 1. 'paraspara vivarNAnAM vivAha. pktibhojnm'| yazastilaka ki ahiMsA agaa| yaha bAta janasaMghAbAha aura khAnapAna kara

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270 jainadharma ATha aMgomeM se thaa| sAtha hI sAtha kisI bhI sAdharmIkA apamAna na karanekI sakhta AjJA thI, jaisA ki likhA hai "smayena yojyAnatyeti dharmasthAn gavitAzayaH / / so'tyeti dharmamAtmIyaM na dharmo dhAmirkavinA // 26 // " ratnakaraDa thA 'jo vyakti ghamaMDame Akara anya dharmAtmAoMkA apamAna karatA hai vaha apane dharmakA apamAna karatA hai, kyoki dhArmikoke vinA dharma nahIM rhtaa|' __isa taraha janasaMghakI vizAlatA, udAratA aura usakI saMgaThana zaktina kisI samaya use baDA vala diyA thA aura usIkA yaha phala hai ki bauddhadharmake apane dezase lupta ho jAnepara bhI jainadharma banA rahA aura avataka kAyama hai| kintu aba ve vAte nahIM rhii| logo sAdhIvAtsalya lupta hotA jAtA hai| ahaMkAra baDhatA jAtA hai| aura kisIpara kisIkA niyaMtraNa nahIM rahA hai| isIlie vaha saMgaThana bhI bava zithila hotA jAtA hai| 2 saMghabheda jaina tIrthaGkaroMne dharmakA upadeza kisI sampradAyavizeSakI dRSTite nahI kiyA thaa| unhone to jisa mArgapara calakara svayaM sthAyI sukha prApta kiyA, janatAke kalyANake liye hI usakA pratipAdana kiyaa| unake upadezake sambandhameM likhA hai "anAtmApaM vinA rAga zAstrA zAsti sato hitam / dhvanan pilpikaraspanmuiraja. kimapekSate // 8 // " ratnakaraTa praa0| aryAta-'tIrthadura vinA kisI rAgake dUsaroM ke hitakA upadeza dete hai| gilpIke hAthake sparzase zanda karanevAlA mRdaGga kyA kucha apekSA karatA hai|' * arthAt jane milpIyA hApa paTate hI madanase dhvani nikalatI hai me hI zrotAoko hitakAmanAse prerita hokara vItarAgake dvArA hito. rAga diyA jAtA hai| sIlie unakA upadeza kisI vargavizeSa yA

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sAmAjika rUpa 271 jAtivizeSake lie na hokara prANimAtrake lie hotA hai| use sunaneke lie manuSya deva, strI puruSa, pazu-pakSI sabhI Ate hai| aura apanI apanI ruci , zraddhA aura zaktike anusAra hitakI vAta lekara cale jAte. hai| kintu jo loga unakI bAtoko svIkAra karate hai aura jo svIkAra, nahI karate, ve donoM parasparameM ba~Ta jAte hai aura isa tarahase sampradAya kAyama ho jAtA hai| ___bhagavAn mahAvIrase DhAI sau varSa pahale bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ho cuke the| bhagavAn mahAvIrake samayame bhI unake anuyAyI maujUda the| unhIme se bhagavAn mahAvIrake mAtA-pitA the| bhagavAn mahAvIrane bhI usI mArgapara calakara tIrthaGkara pada prApta kiyA aura usI mArgakA upadeza kiyaa| isa tarahase unake samayameM samasta jainasaMgha abhinna thaa| aura Age bhI abhinna rahA / kintu zrutakevalI bhadrabAhurke samayame magadharma jo bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A, usane saMghabhedako janma diyaa| ____digambaroMkI mAnyatAke anusAra samrAT candraguptake samayameM bAraha varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa pdd'aa| usa samaya jaina sAdhuoMkI saMkhyA, bahuta jyAdA thii| savako bhikSA nahI mila sakatI thii| isa kAraNa bahutase niSThAvAn dRr3havatI sAdhu zrutakevalI bhadravAhuke sAtha dakSiNa bhAratako cale gaye aura zeSa sthUlabhadrake sAtha vahI raha gye| sthUlabhadrake Adhipatyame rahanevAle sAdhuoMne sAmayika paristhitiyoMse pIDita hokara vastra, pAtra, daNDa vagairaha upadhiyoMko svIkAra kara liyaa| jaba dakSiNako gayA sAdhusaMgha lauTakara AyA aura usane vahA~ke sAdhuoMko vastra, pAtra vagairahake sAtha pAyA to unhone unako smjhaayaa| magara' ve mAne nahI, phalata. saMghabheda ho gyaa| nagnatAke poSaka sAdhu digambara kahalAye aura vastra-pAtrake poSaka sAghu zvetAmbara khlaaye| zvetAmbaroMkI mAnyatAke anusAra magadhame durmikSa par3anepara bhadrabAhu svAmI nepAlakI ora cale gaye the| java durbhikSa haTA aura pATalIputrama bAraha agoMkA saMkalana karanekA Ayojana kiyA gayA to bhadrabAhu

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272 jainadharma usame sammilita nahIM ho sake / phalata bhadravAha aura saMghake sAtha kucha khIcAtAnI bhI ho gayI jisakA varNana AcArya hemacandra ne apane pariziSTa parvame kiyA hai / isI ghaTanAko lakSyameM rakhakara DA0 harmana jekobIne jainasUtroMkI, apanI prastAvanAyeM likhA hai 'pATalIputra meM bhadravAhakI anupasthitimeM gyAraha aMga ekatra kiye the / digamvara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI bhadravAhako apanA AcArya mAnate haiM / aisA honepara bhI zvetAmbara apane sthaviroMkI paTTAvalI bhadrabAhuke nAmase prArambha nahI karate kintu unake samakAlIna sthavira sambhUtivijayake nAmase zurU karate hai / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki pATalIputrameM ekatra kiye gaye aMga kebala zvetAmbaroMke hI mAne gaye, samasta jainasaMgha ke nahI / ina ullekhoMse spaSTa hai ki saMghabhedakA bIjAropaNa ukta samayameM hI ho gayA thA / - vetAmbara sAhitya ke anusAra prathama jina zrI RSabhadevane aura antima jina zrImahAvIrane to acelaka dharmakA hI upadeza diyA / kintu vIcake bAIsa tIrtharoMne sacela aura acela donoM dharmokA upadeza diyaa| jaisA ki paJcAzakameM likhA hai 1 'Acelakko dhammo purimassa va pacchimalsa ya jiNalta / majjhimANa jiNANa hoi sacelo acelo va ||12shaa' aura isakA kAraNa yaha vatalAyA hai ki prathama aura antima jinake samayake sAbu vakrajar3a hote the-- jisa tisa vahAnese tyAjya vastuoMkA bhI sevana kara lete the / ata unhoMne spaSTarUpase acelaka arthAt vastrarahita dharmakA upadeza diyA / isake anusAra pArzvanAthake samaya ke sAbu savanna rahate the aura unake mahAvorake saMghameM mila jAnepara bAge calakara zithilAcArako protsAhana milA aura vetAmbara sampradAyako sRSTi huii| aisA kucha vidvAnoMkA mata hai| zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 vecaradAmajIne likhA hai 1 }

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sAmAjika rUpa 273 1 'zrIpArzvanAtha aura zrIvardhamAnake ziSyoMke 250 varSake daramyAna kisI bhI samaya pArzvanAthake santAnIyopara usa samayake AcArahIna brAhmaNa guruokA asara par3A ho aura isI kAraNa unhoMne apane AcArome se kaThinatA nikAlakara vizeSa narama aura sukara AcAra banA diye hoM yaha vizeSa sabhAvita hai / x x x pArzvanAthake bAda dIrgha tapasvI vardhamAna hue / unhone apanA AcaraNa itanA kaThina aura dussaha rakkhA ki jahA~taka merA khyAla hai isa tarahakA kaThina AcaraNa anya kisI dharmAcAryane Acarita kiyA ho aisA ullekha Ajatakake itihAsameM nahIM milatA / x x x vardhamAnakA nirvANa honese paramatyAga mArgake cakravartIkA tirodhAna ho gayA aura aisA honese unake tyAgI nirgrantha nirnAyakase ho gaye / tathApi meM mAnatA hU~ ki vardhamAnake pratApase unake vAdakI do pIDhiyoMtaka zrIvardhamAnakA vaha kaThina tyAgamArga ThIkarUpase calatA rahA thA / yadyapi jina sukhazIliyoMne usa tyAgamArgako svIkArA thA unake lie kucha chUTeM rakhI gayI thI aura unheM RjuprAjJake sambodhanase prasanna rakhA gayA thA / tathApi merI dhAraNA meM jaba ve usa kaThinatAko sahana karanemeM asamartha nikale, aura zrIvardhamAna, sugharmA aura jambU jaise samartha tyAgIkI chAyAmeM ve aise daba gaye the ki kisI bhI prakArakI cI paTAka kiye binA yathA tathA thor3I sI chUTa lakara bhI vardhamAnake mArgakA anusaraNa karate the / parantu isa samaya vardhamAna, sudharmA yA jambU koI bhI pratApI puruSa vidyamAna na honese unhone zIghra hI yaha kaha DAlA ki jinezvarakA AcAra jinezvarake nirvANake sAtha hI nirvANako prApta ho gyaa| x x merI mAnyatAnusAra saMkrAntikAlame hI zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratAkA bIjAropaNa huA hai aura jamvU svAmI ke nirvANake bAda isakA khUba poSaNa hotA rahA hai| yaha vizeSa saMbhavita hai / yaha hakIkata merI nirI kalpanAmAtra nahI hai kintu vartamAna grantha bhI ise pramANita karaneke savala pramANa de rahe hai / vidyamAna sUtragranthoM evaM kitaneka granthome prasaGgopAtta yahI 18

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ra74 jainadharma vatalAyA gayA hai ki 'jambU svAmI ke nirvANake bAda nimnalikhita dasa bAte vicchinna ho gayI hai-mana paryayajJAna, paramAvadhijJAna, pulAkalandhi, hAraka zarIra, kSapakaNi, upazamazreNI, jinakalpa, tIna sayama, kevala ni aura dasavAM siddhigamana / ' isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ka jambU svAmIke bAda jinakalpakA lopa huA batalAkara avase jina-. lpake AcaraNako banda karanA aura usa prakArakA AcaraNa karanevAloMkA' tsiAha yA vairAgya bhaMga karanA, isake sivA isa ullekhame anya koI ddeza mujhe mAlUma nahIM detaa|xx jamba svAmI nirvANake vAda jo janakalpa viccheda honekA vajralepa kiyA gayA hai aura usakI AcaraNA karanevAloko jinAjJA vAhara samajhanekI jo svArthI evaM ekataraphI dammI makIkA diDhorA pITA gayA hai basa isImeM zvetAmbaratA aura digamvaratAke viSavRkSako jaDa samAyI huI hai|" ___ yadyapi digambara sampradAya yaha nahIM mAnatA ki bIcake 22 tIrthadaroMne sacela aura acela dharmakA nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| vaha to sava tIrthaGkaroMke dvArA acela mArgakA hI pratipAdana honA mAnatA hai / phira bhI paM0 vacaradAsajIke ukta vivecanase saMghabhedake mUlakAraNapara paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| zvetAmvara sAhityameM digamvarokI utpattike viSayameM eka kayA milatI hai jisakA Azaya isa prakAra hai-"rathavIrapurameM zivabhUti nAmakA eka kSatriya rahatA thaa| usane apane rAjAke lie aneka yuddha jIte the isalie rAjA usakA khUba sanmAna karatA thaa| isase vaha baDA ghamaNDI ho gayA thaa| eka vAra zivabhati vahuta rAta gaye ghara lottaa| mA~ ne phaTakArA mora dvAra nahIM kholA / tava vaha eka maThameM pahuMcA aura sAdhu ho gyaa| java rAjAko isa vAtakI khabara milI to usane use eka bahumulya vastra bheTa kiyaa| AcAryane usa vastrako loTA denako / AjJA dii| kintu zivabhUtine nahIM lauttaayaa| tava AcAryane usa vastra ra 1. janasAhityameM vikAra pR0 87-105 //

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sAmAjika rUpa 275 ke TukaDe karake unake Asana banA ddaale| isapara zivabhUti khUba krodhita huA aura usane prakaTa kiyA ki mahAvIrakI taraha meM bhI vastra nahI paharUMgA / aisA kaha usane sava vastroMkA tyAga kara diyaa| usakI vahinane bhI usakA anukaraNa kiyaa| striyoMko nagna na rahanA cAhiye aisA mata zivabhUtine tava jAhira kiyA / aura yaha bhI jAhira kiyA ki strI mokSa nahIM jA sakatI / isa taraha mahAvIra nirvANake 601 varSa vAda boTikoMkI utpatti huI aura unameMse digambara sampradAya utpanna huaa|" - digambara sampradAyakI mAnyatAke anusAra bhI zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti vikrama rAjAko mRtyuke 136 ve varSameM huI hai| donomeM sirpha 3 varSakA antara honese donoMkI utpattikA kAla to lagabhaga eka hI ThaharatA hai| raha jAtI hai kathAkI bAta / so mahAvIrake dvArA pratipAdita aura Acarita digambaradharma unake vAda eka dama lupta ho jAya aura phira eka kruddha sAdhuke naMge ho jAne mAtrase cala paDe aura itane vistRta aura sthAyI rUpameM phaila jaay| yaha sava kalpanAkI vastu ho sakatI hai kantu vAstavikatA isase dUra hai / jo zvetAmbara vidvAna isa kathAko ThIka samajhate hai ve bhI isa bAtako mAnate hai ki pahale sAdhu nagna rahate the phira dhIre-dhIre parigraha vddhaa| ____udAharaNake lie zvetAmbara muni kalyANa vijayajIke zabda hI hama yahA~ uddhRta karate hai "AryarakSitake svargavAsake vAda dhIre-dhIre sAdhuoMkA nivAsa vastiyome hone lagA aura isake sAtha hI nagnatAkA bhI anta hotA gyaa| pahale vastImeM jAte samaya bahudhA kaTibandhakA upayoga hotA thaa| vaha vastIme vasaneke vAda nirantara hone lgaa| dhIre dhIre kaTi vastrakA bhI AkAra prakAra vadalatA gyaa| pahale mAtra zarIrakA guhya aMga hI DhakanekA vizaSa khyAla rahatA thA para vAdameM sampUrNa nagnatA DhA~ka lenekI jarUrata samajhI gayI aura isake lie vastrakA AkAra prakAra bhI badalanA pdd'aa|"

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jainadharma upadhiyoMkI saMkhyA meM jisa kramase vRddhi huI use bhI muni kalyANa vijayajIke hI zabdoM meM paDhe 276 r "pahale prativyakti eka hI pAtra rakhA jAtA thA / para AryarakSita sUrine varSAkAlame eka mAtraka nAmaka anya pAtra rakhanekI jo AjJA de dI thI usake phalasvarUpa Age jAkara mAtraka bhI eka avazya dhAraNIya. upakaraNa ho gyaa| isI taraha jholImeM bhikSA lAnekA rivAja bhI lagabhaga isI samaya cAlU huA jisake kAraNa pAtranimittaka upakaraNokI vRddhi huI / pariNAma svarUpa sthaviroke kula 14 upakaraNokI vRddhi huI jo isa prakAra hai-- 1 pAtra, 2 pAtrabandha, 3 pAtra sthApana, 4 pAtra pramArjanikA, 5 paTala, 6 rajastrANa, 7 gucchaka, 8, 9 do cAdareM, 10 UbI vastra (kambala), 11 rajoharaNa, 12 mukhapaTTI, 13 mAtraka aura 14 colapaTTaka / yaha upadhi adhika arthAt sAmAnya mAnI gayI aura Age jAkara isameM jo kucha upakaraNa vaDhAye gaye ve aupagrahaka kahalAye / bhaugrahika upadhime sastAraka, uttarapaTTaka, daMDAsana aura daMDa ye khAsa ullekhanIya hai / ye saba upakaraNa Ajakala ke zvetAmbara jainamuni rakhate hai / " eka ora zvetAmbara sampradAyameM isa taraha sAdhuookI upadhimeM vRddhi hotI gayI, dUsarI ora AcArAMga meM jo acelakatAke pratipAdaka ullekha the unheM jinakalpIkA AcAra karAra de diyA gayA aura jina kalpakA viccheda hone kI ghoSaNA karake mahAvIrake acelaka mArgako uThA denekA hI prayAsa kiyA gyaa| tathA uttarakAlameM sAdhuke vastrapAtraka samathana bar3e jorase kiyA gayA, yahA~ taka ki nagna vicaraNa karanevAla mahAvIrake zarIrapara indradvArA devadUSya DalavAyA gayA / jaisA ki paM vaMcaradAsajIne bhI likhA hai 1. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra / 2. isake lie pAThakoko lekhakakA likhA huA 'bhagavAna mahAvIrakA acela dharma' nAmaka TraikTa dekhanA cAhiye /

Page #278
sAmAjika rUpa 277 " isa samAja ke kula guruone apane pasanda par3e vastrapAtra bAdake samarthana ke lie pUrvake mahApuruSoko bhI cIvaraghArI banA diyA hai aura zrIvarddhamAna mahAzramaNakI nagnatA na dekha par3e isa prakArakA prayatna bhI kiyA hai / isa viSaya ke aneka grantha likhakara 'vastra - pAtra' vAdako hI majabUta banAnekI ve Ajataka koziza kara rahe he| unake lie ApavAdika mAnA huA vastra - pAtra' vAdakA mArga autsargika mArgake samAna ho gayA hai / ve isa viSaya me yahA~taka dauDe hai ki cAhe jaise agamya jagalameM, bhISaNa guphArme yA cAhe jaise parvatake durgama zikharapara bhAvanA bhAte hue kevalajJAna prApta hue puruSa vA strIko jainI dIkSAke lie zAsanadeva kapaDe pahanAtA hai aura vastrake binA kevalajJAnIko amahAvratI tathA acAritrI kahate taka bhI nahI hicakicAye / koI munI vastrarahita rahe ye bAta unheM nahIM rucatI / inake matase vastra pAtrake binA kisIkI gati hI nahI hotI / " dUsarI ora digambara sampradAyake AcArya kundakundane spaSTa ghoSaNA kara dI thii| - 'Na" vi sijjhai vatyadharo jiNasAsaNe jai vi hoi tityayaro / Naggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA savve // 23 // arthAt 'jinazAsaname tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na ho yadi vaha vastradhArI hai to siddhiko prApta nahI ho sakatA / nagnatA hI mokSakA mArga hai, zeSa saba unmArga hai|' sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ---- "nagggo pAvai dukkhaM naggo saMsArasAyare bhamai / naggo na lahai vohi jiNabhAvaNavajjio suira // 68 // arthAt- 'jina bhAvanAse rahita nagna dukha pAtA hai, saMsArarUpI sAgarame bhaTakatA hai aura use jJAnalAbha nahI hotA / ' isa taraha eka orake zithilAcAra aura dUsarI orakI dRDhatA kAraNa saMghabhadake bIjame aMkura phUTate gaye mora dhIre-dhIre unhoMne bR 1. SaT prAbhR0 67 / 2. SaT prAbhRtA0 pR0 211 /

Page #279
278 jainadharma aura mahAvRkSakA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| prArambhame zvetAmvaratA aura digamvaratAkA yaha jhagar3A sirpha muniyoM taka hI thA, kyoki unhIko nagnatA aura savastratAko lekara yaha utpanna huA thaa| kintu Aga zrAvakoMkI bhI kriyApaddhatimeM use sammilita karake dhAvako bhI jhagar3ake vIja bo diye gaye jo Aja tIrthakSetroMke jhagaDeke rUpame apane vipaphala de rahe hai| isa vAtake pramANa milate hai ki prAcIna kAlame digambarI aura zvetAmbarI pratimAoMkA bheda nahI thaa| donoM hI nagna pratimAoko pUjate the| muni jina vijayajIne (jaina hitaiSI bhAga 13, aMka 6 me) likhA hai___ "mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlAmeM jo lagabhaga do hajAra varSako prAcIna patimAeM milI hai, ve nagna hai aura unapara jo lekha hai ve zvetAmbara kalpasUtrakI sthavirAvalIke anusAra hai|" isake sivA 17vI zatAbdIke zvetAmbara vidvAna paM0 dharmasAgara pAdhyAyane apane pravacanaparIkSA nAmaka granyameM likhA hai "giranAra aura gajayapara eka samaya dono sampradAyomeM jhagaDA A aura usameM zAsana devatAko kRpAle digambaroMkI parAjaya huii| va ina donoM tIrthopara zvetAmbara sampradAyakA adhikAra siddha ho gayA, vi Age kisI prakArakA jhagaDA na ho sake isake lie zvetAmbarasaghane ha nizcaya kiyA ki avase jo nayI pratimAeM vanavAyI jAya, unake dimUlameM vastrakA cihna banA diyA jaay| yaha sunakara digambariyoko nova nA gayA aura unhone apanI pratimAoko spaSTa nagna banAnA zuru ra diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki samprati rAjA Adiko vanavAyI huI timAjopara vastralAuna nahI hai aura sarapTa nagnatva bhI nahIM hai / " inane yaha bAta acchI taraha niddha hotI hai ki pahale donoko simAomeM bheda nahIM thaa| parantu aba to donokI pratimAoma itanA 1.mAra ke anya pramANA yi jana sAhitya aura datirAna' 0241

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+ L sAmAjika rUpa antara paDa gayA hai ki use dekhanese Azcarya hotA hai | paM0 becaradAsajIne likhA hai-- 276 "yaha sampradAya (zve0 sampradAya) kaTorA kaTisUtravAlI mUrtiko hI pasanda karatA hai use hI muktikA sAdhana samajhatA hai / vItarAga saMnyAsI - phakIra kI pratimAko jaise kisI bAlakako gahanoM se lAda diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra AbhUSaNoMse zrRMgArita kara usakI zobhAme vRddhi kI samajhatA hai / aura paramayogI varddhamAna yA itara kisI vItarAgakI mUrtiko videzI pozAka jAkiTa, kAlara, ghaDI vagairahase susajjita kara usakA khilone jitanA bhI sondarya naSTa karake apane mAnavajanmakI saphalatA samajhatA' hai / " isa taraha parasparakI khIcAtAnIke kAraNa jainasaMghame jo bheda par3A vaha bheda uttarottara baDhatA hI gayA aura usIke kAraNa Age jAkara donoM sampradAya meM bhI aneka avAntara pantha utpanna hote gaye / 3 - sampradAya aura panya J digambara aura zvetAmvara donoM hI sampradAyoM ke upalabdha sAhitya ke AdhArase yaha patA calatA hai ki vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdI meM viz jainasa spaSTarUpase do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA aura isa vibhAgaka mUla kAraNa sAdhuoMkA vastra paridhAna thA / jo pakSa sAdhuoMkI nagnatA' kA pakSapAtI thA aura use hI mahAvIrakA mUla AcAra mAnatA thA digambara kahalAyA / isako mUlasagha nAmase bhI kahA hai / aura jo pakSa vastrapAtrakA samarthana karatA thA vaha zvetAmbara kahalAyA / digamba zabdakA artha hai - dizA hI jisakA vastra hai, arthAt nagna / aura zvetA mbara zabdakA artha hai - sapheda vastravAlA / isa taraha prArambha meM yadya sAdhuoM ke vastraparidhAnako lekara hI saMghabheda huA kintu bAdako usa bhedaka anya bhI sAmagrI juTatI gayI aura dhIre-dhIre donoM sampradAya bhI aneka avAntara panya paidA ho gaye / kintu bhedake kAraNopara dR 2. 'jaina sAhitya meM vikAra'

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282 jainadharma 'sena' aura kuchako 'bhadra' nAma diyA, jo muni, gAlmali mahAvRkSaka nalase Aye the, unamese cuchako 'guNadhara' aura kuchako 'gupta' nAma diyA, jo khaNDakesara vRkSoMke mUlate Aye the, unameMse kuchako siMha aura kuchako 'candra' nAma diyaa| . ina nAmoMke viSayameM kucha matabheda bhI hai, jisakA ullekha bhI AcArya indranandine kiyA hai| kuMchake matase jo guhAoMse Aye the unheM nandi, * jo azokavanase Aye the unheM 'deva', jo paJcastUpoMse Aye the unheM "sana', jogAlmali vRkSake mUlase Aye the unheM 'vIra',aura jo khaNDakasara 'vRkSoMke mUlase Aye the unheM 'bhadra' nAma diyA gyaa| kuchake matase guhAvAsI nandi', azokavanate AnevAle 'deva', paJcastUpavAsI sana, "gAlmali vRkSavAle 'vIra' aura khaNDakesaravAle 'bhadra aura siMha khlaaye| ra ina matabhedoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki AcArya indranandiko bhI isa saMghabhedakA spaSTa jJAna nahIM thA, isIlie isa vAtakA bhI patA nahIM calatA ki amukako amuka saMjJA hI kyo dI gyii| ina saba saMjAoma 'nandi, sena, deva aura siMha nAma hI vizeSa paricita hai| bhaTTAraka' indranandi Adine ahavali AcAryake dvArA inhI cAra saMghoMkI sthApanA kiye jAnekA ullekha kiyA hai| 1 AcArya indranandine isa viSayameM ukta ca karake eka zloka uddhRta kayA hai jo isa prakAra hai "ayAto nandivIrI prakaTagiriguhAvAsatozokavATAd devazcAnyo'parAjita iti yatipo senabhadrAhayau ca / paJcastupyAsaguptau guMgavaravRSabha zalmalIvRkSamUlAniyotI siMhacandro prathitaguNapaNI ketarAkhaNDapUrvAt // 9 // " 2 tadeva yatirAjo'pi srvnaimitikaaprnnii| ahaMbaligurUcake saMghasaghaTTana param // // tihAgho nandiradhaH senasaMgho mahAprabhaH / devatagha iti saSTa sthAnasthitivizeSataH // 7 // gaNagacchAdayaslenyo jAtA svaparalotpadA / na vA bheda ko'pyasti prajvayAdiSu karmasu // 8 // " niivitaar|

Page #282
sAmAjika rUpa ina cAra saMghoM ke bhI Age aneka bheda-prabheda ho gaye / sAdhAraNata saMghoM ke bhedoMko gaNa aura prabhedoM yA upabhedoko gaccha kahane kI paramparA milatI hai| kahI kahI saMghoMko gaNa bhI kahA hai, jaise nandigaNa, senagaNa Adi / kahI kahI saMghoM ko 'anvaya' bhI kahA hai, jaise 'senAnvaya' / gaNoMmeM balAtkAragaNa, dezIyagaNa aura kANUragaNa ina tIna gaNoMke aura gacchoM meM pustakagaccha, sarasvatIgaccha, vakragaccha aura tagarilagacchake ullekha pAye jAte hai / ina saMgha, gaNa aura gacchoMkI pravrajyA aadi| ' kriyAyoMmeM koI bheda nahI hai / kintu darzanasArameM kucha aise bhI saghoMkI utpattikA ullekha kiyaa| + jinheM usameM jainAbhAsa vatalAyA gayA hai / ve sagha hai - zvetAmbara, 283 nIya, drAvir3a, mAthura aura kaasstthaa| inamese pahale do saghokA varNana kAge kiyA gayA hai, kyoki unase AcArake atirikta digambarokA siddhAntabheda bhI hai / zeSa tIna jainasaMgha digambara sampradAyake hI avAntara saMgha hai tathA unake sAtha koI mahattvakA siddhAntabheda bhI nahI hai / darzana ! sAra' ke anusAra vi0 saM0 526 me dakSiNa mathurAmeM drAvir3a saMghakI utpatti huii| isakA saMsthApaka mAcArya pUjyapAdakA ziSya vajranandi yA / isakI mAnyatA hai ki vIjame jIva nahI rahatA, koI vastu prAsuka nahI hai / isane ThaMDe pAnIse snAna karake aura khetI vANijyase jIvana nirvAha karake pracura pApakA saMcaya kiyA / vi0 saM0 753 me kASThAsaMghakI utpatti huii| isakA saMsthApaka kumArasena muni thA / isane mayUrapicchako chor3akara gAyake bAloMkI picchI dhAraNa kI thI, aura samasta vAgaDadezame unmArgakA prasAra kiyA 1 'siripujjapAdasIso dAviDasaghasya kArago duTTho / NAmeNa vajjaNadI pAhuDavedI mahAsatyo // 24 // vIesa gatyi jIvo unbhasaNa Natthi phAsuga gatthi / sAvajjaNa humaNNai Na gaNai gihakappiya aTTha // 26 // kaccha khettaM vasahi vANijja kAriUNa jIvato / gahato sIyalaNIre pAva pauraM samajjedi ||27||

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janadharma thA / vaha striyoMko jinadIkSA detA thA, kSullakokI vIracaryAkA vidhAna karatA thA, jaTA dhAraNa karatA thA aura eka chaThA guNannata (aNu ta) vatalAtA thaa| isane purAne zAstroko anyathA racakara bhUDha lokomeM mithyAtvakA pracAra kiyA thaa| isase use zramaNasaghase nikAla diyA gayA thaa| taba usane kASThA saghakI sthApanA kI thii| kASThAsaMghako sthApanAke do sau varSa bAda mathurAme mAthura saMghako sthApanA rAmasenane kI thii| isa saMghake sAdhu pIchI nahIM rakhate the isaliye yaha saMgha nimpiccha' kahA jAtA thaa| ____yadyapi ina tIno saghoMko devasena AcAryane janAbhAsa kahA hai kintu inakA bahuta-sA sAhitya upalabdha hai aura usakA paThana-pAThana bhI digambara sampradAyameM hotA hai / harivaMza purANake racayitAne AcArya devanandike pazcAt vajrasUrikA smaraNa kiyA hai aura unakI uktiyoMkA dharmazAstra ke pravaktA gaNadharadevakI taraha pramANa kahA hai| yaha vajrasUri vahI jAna par3ate hai jinheM drAviDa saghakA saMsthApaka kahA jAtA hai| aisI sthitimeM yaha prazna hotA hai ki darzanasArake racayitAne inheM janAbhAsa kyo kahA ? kyoki darzanasArakI racanA harivaza purANake pazcAt vi0 sa0 660 me huI hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha ho sakatA hai ki devasena sUrine darzanamArameM jo gAthAe~ dI hai, pUrvAcAryokI dRSTima 1 "AsI kumArameNo NadiyaDe viNayameNadivarAyano / maNAmabhaMjaNega ya agahira pudino jAdo // 3 // parivagjikaNa piccha camara cittaNa mohklidenn| ummanga mArina vAgavigaenu sabbaimu // 34 // satyINa purA dimA gullayaTIyasya pauraparipatta / masAmogagaNa haTa pa guNagada pAma // 35 // mo mamaNagapanago mAragepo gmymiyto| namoragI paTaTa gaya pmpedi||37||" na 2. 'go mAtA mAga mAga gugnnaa| pAmA di mAnA ga 1011"- .

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sAmAjika rUpa 285 drAvir3a Adi saMghoMke sAdhu jainAbhAsa hI rahe hoNge| isIlie darzanasArake racayitAne bhI unhe jainAbhAsa batalAyA hai, anyathA jisa zithilAcArake kAraNa unhoMne ukta saghoko jainAbhAsa kahA hai, vaha zithilAcAra mUlasaMdhI muniyome bhI kisI na kisI rUpame praviSTa ho gayA thaa| ve bhI mandiroMkI marammata Adike liye gA~va jamIna AdikA dAna lene| lage the| upalabdha zilAlekhoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki muniyoM ke adhikArameM bhI gA~va bagIce rahate the| ve mandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karAte the, daan| zAlAeM banavAte the| eka tarahase unakA rUpa maThAdhIzoke jaisA ho calA thaa| kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki usa samayame zuddhA cArI tapasvI digambara muniyokA sarvathA abhAva ho gayA thA, athavA saba unhIke anuyAyI vana gaye the| zAstrokta zuddha mArgake pAlanevAle aura unako mAnanevAle bhI the, tathA usake viparIta AcaraNa karanevAle maThapatiyoMkI AlocanA karanevAle bhI the| paM0 AzAgharajIne apane anagAra dharmAmRtake dUsare adhyAyame ina maThapati sAdhuoMkI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai-'dravya jina liMgake dhArI maThapati mlecchoMke samAna loka aura zAstrase viruddha AcaraNa karate hai| inake sAtha mana, vacana aura kAyase koI sambandha nahI rakhanA caahiye|' ye maThAdhIza sAghu bhI nagna hI rahate the, inakA bAhyarUpa digambara muniyoMke jaisA hI hotA thaa| inhIkA vikasitarUpa bhaTTAraka pada hai. terahapantha aura bIsapantha / bhaTTArakI yugake zithilAcArake viruddha digambara sampradAyameM e. panthakA udaya huA, jo terahapantha khlaayaa| kahA jAtA hai ki . panthakA udaya vikramakI satrahavI sadImeM paM0 banArasIdAsajIke ra Agareme huA thaa| jaba yaha pantha teraha panyake nAmase pracalita hogayA ta bhaTTArakoMkA purAnA panya vIsa panya kahalAne lgaa| kintu ye nAma ke par3e yaha abhI taka bhI eka samasyA hI hai| isake sambandhame aneka upa pattiyA~ sunI jAtI hai kintu unakA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM milatA

Page #285
256 jainadharma ___ zvetAmbarAcArya meghavijayane vi0 sa0 1757 ke lagabhaga bAgarama yukti pravodha nAmakA eka anya racA hai| yaha grantha paM0 vanArasIdAsajIke matakA khaNDana karaneke liye racA gayA hai| isame vANArasI matakA varUpa vattalAte hue likhA hai "tamhA digaMvarANa ee bhaTAramA viNo pujjaa| tilatusametto jaisi pariggahI va te gurunno||1|| jiNapaDimANa bhUtaNamallArahaNAi agaparicaraNa / vANArasiyo vArai digavarassAgamANAe // 20 // " aryAt-'digambaroMke bhaTTAraka bhI pUjya nahI hai| jinake tilapuSa mAtra bhI parigraha hai ve guru nahI hai| vANArasI matavAle jina pratinAoMko bhUSaNamAlA pahanAnekA tathA aMga racanA karanekA bhI niSedha dagambara AgamoMkI AjJAte karate hai| ___ Ajakala jo teraha panya pracalita hai vaha bhaTTArakoM yA parisahadhArI suniyoMko apanA guru nahI mAnatA aura pratimAoMko puSpamAlAeM caDhAne paura kesara lagAnekA bhI niSedha karatA hai, tathA bhagavAnakI pUjana pAmagrImeM hare puSpa aura phala nahI cddhaataa| uttara bhAratameM isa patyakA udaya huA aura dhIre-dhIre yaha samasta dezavyApI ho gayA / isake pabhAvase bhaTTArakI yugakA eka tarahase lopa hI ho gyaa| kintu isa panthabhedase digambara sampradAyame phUTa yA vaimanasyakA bIjApaNa nahIM ho skaa| Aja bhI donoM panthoMke anuyAyI vartamAna hai, kentu unameM parasparame koI vaimanasya nahIM pAyA jAtA / cUMki Aja donoM panyoMkA astitva kucha maMdiroM meM hI dekhaneme AtA hai, ata java bhI kinhI durAgrahiyoMmeM bhale hI khaTapaTa ho jAtI ho, kintu sAdhAraNataH donoM hI panthavAle apanI apanI vidhise premapUrvaka pUjA karate hue pArya jAte hai| eka do sthAnoMmeM to 20 aura 13 ko milAkara usakA AdhA karake sAr3he solaha pantha bhI cala paDA hai| Ajakalake aneka niSpakSa samajhadAra vyakti panya pUchA jAnepara apaneko sAr3he solaha panthI kaha hate haiN| yaha sava donoke aikya aura premakAhI sUcaka hai|

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sAmAjika rUpa 287. tAraNapantha paravAra jAtike eka vyaktine jo vAdako tAraNataraNa svAmIke nAmase prasiddha hue, IsAkI pandrahavI zatAbdIke antame isa panthako janma diyA thaa| san 1515 meM gvAliyara sTeTake malhAragaDha nAmaka sthAname / inakA svargavAsa huaa| usa sthAnapara unakI samAdhi vanI hai aura use naziyAMjI kahate hai| yaha tAraNapathiyoMkA tIrthasthAna mAnA jAtA hai| yaha pantha mUrti pUjAkA virodhI hai| inake bhI caityAlaya hote hai, kintu . uname zAstra virAjamAna rahate hai aura unhIkI pUjA kI jAtI hai kintu dravya nahI car3hAyA jAtA / tAraNa svAmIne kucha grantha bhI banAye the| inake sivA digambara AcAryoke banAye hue granthoMko bhI tAraNapanthI mAnate hai| isa panyameM acche dhanika aura pratiSThita vyakti maujUda hai| isa panthake anuyAyiyoMkI sakhyA dasa hajArake lagabhaga batalAI jAtI hai, aura ve madhyaprAntame basate hai| 2 zvetAmbara sampradAya - yaha pahale likha Aye hai ki sAdhuoMke vastra paridhAnako lekara hii| digambara aura zvetAmbara bhedakI sRSTi huI thii| ata. Ajake zvetAmbara sAdhu zveta vastra dhAraNa karate hai| unake pAsa caudaha upakaraNa hote hai1 pAtra, 2 pAtrabandha, 3 pAtra sthApana, 4 pAtra pramANanikA, 5 paTala, 6 rajastrANa, 7 gucchaka, 8-9 do cAdare, 10 UnI vastra (kamvala), 11 rajoharaNa, 12 mukhavastra, 13 mAtraka, 14 cola pttttk| inake sivA ve apane hAthame eka lamvA daNDa bhI liye rahate hai| pahale ve bhI nagna hI. rahate the| bAdako vastra svIkAra kara lenepara bhI vikramakI sAtavI AThavI zatAbdItaka kAraNa par3anepara hI ve vastra dhAraNa karate the aura vaha bhI kevala kaTivastra / vikramakI AThavI zatIke zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadrasUrine apane saMbodhaprakaraNameM apane samayake sAdhuoMkA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki ve vinA kAraNa bhI kaTivastra vA~ghate hai| aura unhe klIba-kAyara kahA hai| isa prakAra pahale ve kAraNa par3anepara laMgoTI

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286 jainadharma lagA lete the pIche sapheda vastra pahanane lage / phira jina mUrtiyoM meM bhI ma~goTekA cihna banAyA jAne lgaa| usake bAda unheM vastra - AbhUSaNoMte jAnekI prathA calAI gii| mahAvIrake nirvANate lagabhaga eka hajAra ke pazcAt sAbuoko smRtike AvArapara gyAraha maMkokA saMkalana karake unheM suvyavasthita kiyA gayA aura phira unheM lipivaddha kiyA gyaa| ina AgamoMko digambara sampradAya nahI mAnatA / zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnatA hai ki strIko bhI mokSa ho sakatA hai tathA jIvanmukta kevalI bhojana grahaNa karate haiM / digambara sampradAya ina donoM siddhAntoM ko bhI svIkAra nahI karatA / digamvara aura khetAmvara sampradAyameM inhI tInoM siddhAntoMko lekara mukhya bheda hai / saMkSepameM kucha ullekhanIya bheda nimna prakAra hai 1. kevalIkA kavalAhAra 2. kevalIkA nIhAra / 3. strI mukti / 4 zUdra mukti / 5. vastra sahita mukti | 6. gRhasthaveSame mukti / 7. alaMkAra aura kachoTevAlI pratimAkA pUjana / 8. muniyoMke 14 upakaraNa / 6. tIrthaMkara mallinAthakA strI honA / 10. gyAraha aMgoM kI maujUdagI / 11. bharata cakravartIko apane bhavanameM kevala jJAnakI prApti / 12. zUdrake gharase muni AhAra le sake / 13. mahAvIrakA garbhaharaNa / 14. mahAvIra svAmIko tejolezyAse upasarga 1 15. mahAvIra vivAha, kanyA janma | 16. tIrthaMkarake kandhepara devadUSya vastra / --

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} 16 sAmAjika rUpa 17. marudevI kA hAthI para caDhe hue muktigamana / 18. sAdhukA aneka gharoM se bhikSA grahaNa karanA / ina bAtoMko zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnatA hai kintu digambara sampradAya nahI mAnatA / 286 : zvetAmbara caityavAsI zvetAmbara caityavAsI sampradAyakA itihAsa isa prakAra milatA haisaghabheda honeke pazcAt vIra ni0 sa0 850 ke lagabhaga kucha zithilAcArI muniyoMne una vihAra choDakara mandiroMmeM rahanA prArambha kara diyA / dhIre-dhIre inakI saMkhyA baDhatI gayI aura Age jAkara ve bahuta pravala ho gaye / inhone nigama nAmake zAstra race, jinameM yaha batalAyA gayA ki vartamAna kAlameM muniyoMko caityoMmeM rahanA ucita hai| aura unhe pustakAdike liye Avazyaka dravya bhI sagraha karake rakhanA cAhiye / ye vanavAsiyoMkI nindA bhI karate the / ina caityavAsiyo ke niyamoM kA digdarzana caityavAsake prabala virodhI zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadra sUrine apane 'sabodha prakaraNa' ke gurvadhikArame vistArase karAyA hai / ve likhate hai "ye caitya aura maThome rahate haiM, pUjA aura AratI karate haiM, jinamandira aura zAlAeM banavAte hai, devadravyakA upayoga apane lie karate hai, zrAvakoM ko zAstrakI sUkSma bAte batAnekA niSedha karate hai, muhUrta nikAlate hai, nimitta batalAte hai, ragIle sugandhita aura dhUpase suvAsita vastra pahanate hai, striyoke Age gAte haiM, sAdhviyo ke dvArA lAye gaye padArtho kA upayoga karate hai, ghanakA sacaya karate haiM, kezaloca nahI karate, miSTa AhAra, pAna, ghI, dUdha aura phalaphUla Adi sacitta dravyokA upabhoga karate hai / tela lagavAte hai, apane mRta guruoke dAha saskArake sthAnapara stUpa banAte hai, jina pratimA vecate hai, aadi|" vi0 saM0 802 meM aNahilapura paTTaNake rAjA cAvaDAse unake guru zIlaguNa sUrine, jo caityavAsI the, yaha AjJA jArI karA dI ki

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160 jainadharma 'isa nagarameM catyavAsI sAdhuoMko choDakara dUsare vanavAsI sAghu na mA skeNge| isa AjJAko radda karAneke lie vi0 saM0 1070 ke lagabhaga janezvara sUri aura buddhisAgara sUri nAmake do vidhimArgI AcAryona rAjA durlabhadevakI sabhAmeM caityavAsiyoMke sAtha zAstrArtha karake unhe parAjita kiyA taba kahI vidhimAgiyokA praveza ho skaa| rAjAnaM unhe 'kharatara' nAma diyaa| isI parase kharatara gacchakI sthApanA huii| isake bAdase caityavAsiyoMkA jora kama hotA gyaa| zvetAmbaroMme Aja jo jatI yA zrIpUjya kahalAte haiM ve maThavAsa pA caityavAsI zAkhAke avazeSa hai aura jo 'saMvegI munI kahalAte haiM va vanavAsI zAkhAke hai| saMvegI apaneko suvihita mArgakA yA vidhimArgakA anuyAyI kahate hai| ' zvetAmvarome bahutase gaccha the| kahA jAtA hai ki unakI saMkhyA 24 thii| kintu Aja jo gaccha hai unakI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai| mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbaroMke gaccha isa prakAra hai-- 1 upakezagaccha-isa gacchakI utpattikA sambandha bhagavAn pArzvanAyase batAyA jAtA hai| unhIkA eka anuyAyI kezI isa gacchakA netA thaa| Ajake osavAla isI gacchake zrAvaka kahe jAte hai| 2 kharataragaccha isa gacchakA prathama netA vardhamAna sUriko batalAyA jAtA hai| vardhamAna sUrike ziSya jinezvara sUrine gujarAtake aNahilapura paTTaNake rAjA durlabhadevakI sabhAmeM jaba caityavAsiyoko rAsta kiyA aura rAjAne unheM 'kharatara' nAma diyA to unake nAmaparase yaha gaccha kharatara gaccha khlaayaa| isa gacchake anuyAyI adhikatara rAjapUtAne aura baMgAlameM pAye jAte hai| muMbaI prAntame isake anuyAyiyokI saMkhyA thoTI hai| 3 tapAgaccha---isa gacchake saMsthApaka zrIjagaccandra sUri the / saM0 1285 meM unhoMne una tapa kiyaa| ina parase mevAr3ake gajAne unheM 'tapA' upanAma diyaa| tavase inakA vRhadgaccha tapAgacchake nAmase

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sAmAjika rUpa 26 prasiddha huA / zrIjagancandra sUri aura unake ziSyokA dailavArA prasiddha mandiroMkA nirmAtA vastupAla bar3A sanmAna karatA thA isase gujarAtame Ajataka bhI tapAgacchakA bar3A prabhAva calA AtA hai zvetAmbara sampradAyame yaha gaccha sabase mahattvakA samajhA jAtA hai| isa anuyAyI bambaI, paMjAba, rAjapUtAnA, madrAsa' Adi prAntome para jAte hai | zrIjagancandra sUrike do ziSya the, devendrasUri aura vijayacandra sUri / ina donoMmeM matabheda ho gayA / vijayacandra sUrine kaThora macA ke sthAname zithilAcArako sthAna diyA / unhoMne ghoSaNA kI ki gItA ' muni vastroko gaThaDiyoM rakha sakate hai, hamezA ghI dUdha khA sakate hai, kapa gho sakate haiM, phala tathA zAka le sakate hai, sAdhvI dvArA lAyA hu AhAra khA sakate haiM, aura zrAvakoM ko prasanna karaneke lie unake baiThakara pratikramaNa bhI kara sakate hai / sa 4 4 pArzvacandra gaccha - yaha tapAgacchakI zAkhA hai / AcArya pArzvacandra vi0 saM0 1515 meM isa gacchase alaga ho gaye kAraNa yaha thA ki inhone karmake viSayame nayA siddhAnta khaDA ki thA aura niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura cheda granthoMko pramANa nahI mA the| isa gacchake anuyAyI ahamadAbAda jilemeM pAye jAte hai / 5 sArdhaM paurNamIyaka gaccha-paurNamIyaka gacchakI sthApanA candrapra sUrine kI thI / kAraNa yaha thA ki pracalita kriyA-kANDase unaka matabheda thA tathA ve mahAnizItha sUtrakI gaNanA zAstragranthoMmeM karate the| AcArya hemacandrakI AjJAse rAjA kumArapAlane isa anuyAyiyoM ko apane rAjyamese nikalavA diyA thaa| ina dono mRtyuke bAda eka sumatisiMha nAmake paurNamIyaka kumArapAlakI rA dhAnI aNahilapurame Aye aura unhone isa gacchako navajIvana diyA tabase yaha gaccha sArdhaM pauNamIyaka kahalAyA / isa gacchake anuyA Aja nahI pAye jAte /

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32 jainadharma 6 aMcala gaccha - isa gacchake saMsthApaka upAdhyAya vijayasiMha | pIche ve ArakSita sUrike nAmase vikhyAta hue| isa gacchame khapaTTI ke vadale aMcalakA (vastrake chorakA) upayoga kiyA tA hai isase isakA nAma acala gaccha par3A hai| 7 Agamika gaccha - isa gacchake saMsthApaka zIlaguNa aura devabhadra / pahale ye paurNamIyaka the pIchese AMcalika ho gaye the / ye kSetrakI pUjA karaneke viruddha the / vikramako 16 vI gatImeM isa gacchakI ka zAkhA kaTuka nAmase paidA huI / isa zAkhA ke anuyAyI kevala Avaka hI the| ina gacchoMmeMse bhI Aja kharatara, tapA aura AMcalika gaccha hI rtamAna hai| pratyeka gacchakI sAghu sAmAcArI judI judI hai| zrAvakI sAmAyika pratikramaNa Adi Avazyaka kriyAvidhi bhI judI dI hai| phira bhI sabameM jo bheda hai vaha eka tarahase nirjIva-sA hai| kalyANaka dina che mAnatA hai to koI pAMca mAnatA hai| koI yuSaNakA antima dina bhAdrapada zuklA cautha aura koI paMcamI mAnatA / isI taraha moTI vAtoko lekara gaccha cala par3e hai / f sthAnakavAsI sirohI rAjyake arahaTa vADA nAmaka gAMva meM, hemAbhAI nAmaka zrIsavAla ke gharameM vikrama samvat 1472 meM loMkAzAhakA benma huA / 25 varSako avasthAme lokAzAha strI-putra ke sAtha hamadAbAda cale aaye| usa samaya ahamadAbAdakI gaddIpara hammadazAha baiThA thaa| kucha javAharAta kharIdane ke prasaMgate lokAzAhaparicaya muhammadazAhate hogayA aura muhammadazAhane lokAzAhacAturIsa prasanna hokara unheM pATanakA tijorIdAra banA diyA / ka dipadvArA muhammadazAhakI mRtyu honepara lokAzAhako bahuta da huaa| unhoMne naukarI chor3a dI aura lekhana kAryameM laga gaye / tinako sundara akSarose AkRSTa hokara jJAnatrI nAmaka munirAjane F

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sAmAjika rUpa 26 daza vakAlika sUtrakI eka prati likhaneke liye dI / phira to munizrI pAsase anya zAstra bhI likhaneke liye Ane lge| aura ve unakI pratiyA~ karake eka apane pAsa rakhane lge| isa taraha anya granthoMka bhI saMgraha karake loMkAzAhane unakA abhyAsa kiyaa| unhe lagA Aja mandirome jo mUrti pUjA pracalita hai vaha to ina grantho meM nahI haiN| isake sivA jo AcAra Aja janadharmame pAle jAte hai unamese ane ina granthokI dRSTise dharmasammata nahI hai / ata unhone jainadharma sudhAra karanekA vIDA uThAyA / 12 ,,,, 1 ja 7'4 ahamadAbAda gujarAtakI rAjadhAnI honeke sAtha vyApArakA kendra thA / ata. vyaktiyoMkA AvAgamana lagA hI rahatA thA / vahA~ Ate the loMkAzAhakA upadeza sunakara prabhAvita hote the / kucha logone unase apane dharma meM dIkSita karanekI prArthanA kI to zAhane kahA meM svayaM gRhastha hokara Apako apanA ziSya kaise sakatA huuN| taba jJAnajI mahArAjane unhe dharmakI dIkSA dI aura unhone loMkAzAhake nAmapara apane gacchakA nAma loMkA rakhA / isa taraha lokAgacchakI utpatti huI / bana pIchese lokAmatame bhI bheda-prabheda ho gaye / suratake eka sAdhune lokamatame sudhAra kara eka naye sampradAyakI sthApanA - jo DhUMDhiyA sampradAyake nAmase prasiddha huA / pIchese lokA ke sa sa anuyAyI DhUMDhiyA kahe jAne lge| inhe sthAnakavAsI bhI kahate kyoki ye apanA saba dhArmika vyavahAra mandirame na karake sthAna yAnI upAzrayameM karate hai / isa sampradAyake mAnanevAle gujara kAThiyAvADa, mAravADa, mAlavA, paMjAba tathA bhAratake anya bhAga rahate hai| inakI sakhyA mUrtipUjaka zvetAmvaroke jitanI hI ata isa sampradAyako jainadharmakA tIsarA sampradAya kahA jA sakatA. kintu ye apaneko zvetAmvara hI mAnate hai, kyoMki kucha matabheda yadi chor3a diyA jAye to vetAmbarose hI inakA mela adhika khAtA

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jainadharma yaha sampradAya zvetAmbaroMka hI 45 AgamoMmeMse 33 Agamoko natA hai| lokAne to 31 Agama hI mAne the-vyavahArasUtrako vaha Na nahI mAnatA thaa| kintu pIchekesthAnaka vAsiyoMne use pramANa na liyaa| dharmAcaraName sthAnakavAsI zvetAmbarose bhinna par3ate / ve mUrtipUjA nahIM mAnate, mandira nahIM rakhate aura na tIrthayAtrAma vizeSa zraddhA rakhate haiN| isa sampradAyake sAdhu sapheda vastra dhAraNa rate hai tathA mukhapara paTTI bAMdhate hai| ina amUrtipUjaka zvetAra sAdhuoMse bheda dikhAneke lie satyavijaya paMnyAsane aThArahavIM dIme mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara sAdhuoMko pIlA vastra dhAraNa karanekA vAja cAla kiyA, jo ava bhI dekhaneme AtA hai| isI sadaki tameM bhaTTArakoMkI gahiyA~ huI aura yati tathA yatiniyA~ huii| khUba rodha honepara bhI inake avazeSa Aja bhI maujUda hai| mUrtipUjAvirodhI terApantha ca / mUrtipUjA virodhI sampradAyame bhI aneka pantha pracalita hue, nimase ullekhanIya eka terApanya hai| isa panyakI sthApanA mAravAr3a / AcArya bhikSu (bhIkhama RSi) ne kI thii| , AcArya bhikSukA janma jodhapura rAjyake antargata kanTAliyA hamameM saM0 1783 meM huA thaa| saM0 1808 me inhone jainI dIkSA haNa kii| unheM lagA ki jisa ahiMsAkI sAdhanAke liye hama saba vRchi tyAga kara nikale hai, yathArthameM usa ahiMsAke samIpa bhI nahI huMce hai| jIvana vyavahArameM ahiMsAke nAmapara hiMsAko prazraya kI hai aura dharmake nAmapara adhrmko| ataH unhone eka navIna sAdhu saMghakI sthApanA kI, jo 'terApantha' khlaayaa| # isa pathameM sAdhusaMghake adhipati pUjyajI mahArAja hote hai| ghuoMko unakI AjJA mAnanI par3atI hai aura pratidina vidhipUrvaka paramakA sanmAna karanA hotA hai| isa panthakA pracAra pazcima bhAratama dhika hai, kalakattA jaise nagaroM meM bhI isa panthake zrAvaka rahate haiN|

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260 sAmAjika rUpa 3 yApanIya saMgha jainadharmake digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoMse to sAdhAraNata sabhI paricita hai| kintu isa bAtakA patA janomese bhI kama hai ko hai ki ina doke atirikta eka tIsarA sampradAya bhI thA jira yApanIya yA gopyasaMgha kahate the| ___yaha sampradAya bhI bahuta prAcIna hai| darzanasArake' kartA zrA devasenasUrike kathanAnusAra vi0 saM 205 me zrIkalaza nAmake zvetA mbara sAdhune isa sampradAyakI sthApanA kI thii| yaha samaya digambara: zvetAmbara bhedakI utpattise lagabhaga 70 varSa bAda paDatA hai|| kisI samaya yaha sampradAya karnATaka aura usake Asa pAsa bahura prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| kadamba, rASTrakUTa aura dUsare vaMzoMke rAjAona ise aura isake AcAryoko aneka dAna diye the| yApanIya saMghake muni nagna rahate the, morake paMkhoMkI picchI rakhate the aura hAthama hI bhojana karate the| ye nagna mUrtiyoko pUjate the aura vandanA karanevAle zrAvakoMko 'dharma-lAma' dete the| ye saba bAteM taM, inameM digambaroM jaisI hI thI, kintu sAtha hI sAtha ve mAnate the / striyoMko usI bhavame mokSa ho sakatA hai aura kevalI bhojana kara hai| vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) yApanIya the| inakI ra amoghavRttike kucha udAharaNose mAlUma hotA hai ki yApanIya 5 Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niyukti, aura dazavakAlika Adi granthoMkA paThana pAThana hotAthA,arthAt ina bAtome ve zvetAmbaroke smaanthe| vatAmbara mAnya jo Agamagrantha hai yApanIya sagha sabhavata una sabhIko mAnatA kintu unake AgamoMkI vAcanA zvetAmbara sampradAyame mAnI jAnevAra valabhI vAcanAse zAyada kucha bhinna thii| unapara usakI TIkAe~ bhI, sakatI hai jaisA ki aparAjitasUrikI dazavakAlika sUtrapara TIkA thI 1 "kallANe varaNayare duNisae paca uttare jaade|| jAvaNiyasaghabhAvo sirikalasAdo hu sevaDado // 29 // "

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296 janadharma Aja isa sampradAyakA eka bhI anuyAyI nahIM hai| isakA lopa tava aura kina kina kAraNose huA, yaha batalA sakanA kaThina hai, phira pI vikramakI pandrahavI zatAbdI taka isa sampradAyake jIvita rahateka pramANa milate hai; kyoki kAgavADeke ga0 sa0 1316 (vi0 sa0 1451) ke gilAlekhameM yApanIyasapake varmakIti aura nAgacandrake, samAdhilekhokA ullekha hai| 4 arddhasphAlaka sampradAya zrI ratnanandi AcAryane apane bhadrabAhu carivameM arddhasphAlaka sampradAyakA ullekha kiyA hai| unhone likhA hai ki yaha adbhuta arddhasphAlaka mata kalikAlakA vala pAkara jalame telakI bUMdakI taraha saba logome phaila gayA / unhone isa matako zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke samayameM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSake antameM utpanna humA batalAyA hai aura antameM likhA hai ki vallabhIpurame pUrI tarahase zvetavastra grahaNa karaneke kAraNa vikrama rAjAke bhatyakAlase 136 varSaka vAda nvatA'mbaramata prasiddha huaa| zrIratnanandike matase kucha digambara muniyona java apanI nagnatAko chipAneke lie khaNDa dastra svIkAra kara liyA to unase arddhasphAlaka sampradAya utpanna huaa| aura arddhasphAlaka sampradAyase hI zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti huii| - mathurAke kaMkAlI Tolese prApta jaina purAtattvameM kucha aise AyAgapaTa prApta hue hai, jiname jaina sAdhu yadyapi nagna akita hai parantu ve apanI nagnatAko eka vastrakhaNDase chipAye hue hai pleTa na0 22 me kaNha zramaNakA citra akita hai, unake vAyeM hAthakI kalAIpara eka vastrakhaNDa laTaka rahA hai jise Age karake ve apanI nagnatAko chipAye hue hai| yahI arddhasphAlaka sampradAyakA rUpa jAna par3atA hai| (1) "ato'daMphAlana loke vyAnase matamadbhutam / kalikAlavala prApya salile tailavinduvat // 30 // "

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sAmAjika rUpa 267. udhara zvetAmbara' bhI kahate hai ki chaThe sthavira bhadrabAhuke samayame arddhasphAlaka sampradAyakI utpatti huii| inamese I0 sa0 80 me digambarokA udbhava huA jo mUlasagha khlaayaa| isase bhI isa sampradAyakA astitva siddha hotA hai| aba raha jAtA hai yaha prazna ki arddhasphAlaka zvetAmbaroke pUrvaja hai yA digambaroke isakA samAdhAna bhI mathurAse prApta purAtattvase hI ho jAtA hai| vahA~ke eka zilApaTTame bhagavAn mahAvIrake garbhaparivartanakA dRzya aMkita hai aura uttIke pAsa eka choTI-sI mUrti aise digambara sAdhukI hai jisakI kalAIpara khaNDa vastra laTakatA hai| garbhApahAra zvetAmbara sampradAyakI mAnyatA hai ata spaSTa hai ki usake pAsa akita sAdhukA rUpa bhI usI sampradAyamAnya hai| upasaMhAra sArAMza yaha hai ki mukhyarUpase jainadharma digambara aura zvetAmbara ina do zAkhAomeM vibhAjita huaa| pIchese pratyekame aneka gaccha, upazAkhA aura upasampradAya Adi utpanna hue| phira bhI saba mahAvIra bhagavAnkI santAna hai aura eka vItarAga devake hI mAnanevAle hai| 1 'jaina saskRtikA prANasthala, 'vizvavANI' sitambara 1942 /

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7-vividha 1 kucha jainavIra kucha logoMkI dhAraNA hai ki jaina ho jAnese manuSya rASTrake kAmakA nahI rahatA, balki rASTrakA bhAra bana jAtA hai| kintu yaha dhAraNA ekadama galata hai| dezakI rakSAke liye eka saccA jaina saba kucha utsarga kara sakatA hai| prAcIna samayame dezakI rakSAkA bhAra kSatriyopara thaa| ve prajAkI rakSAke liye yuddha karate the aura aparAdhiyoMko prANadaNDataka dete the| sabhI jaina tIrthaGkarone kSatriyakulameM janma liyA thA aura unameM se pAMca tIrthaGkaroMke sivAya, jo kumAra avasthAmeM hI pravajita hogaye the, zeSa sabhIne pravajyA grahaNase pUrva apane paitRka rAjyakA saMcAlana aura saMvardhana kiyA thaa| unamese tIna tIyaGkarone to digvijaya karake cakravartI pada prApta kiyA thA / bAIsave tIrthadhara nemInAtha zrIkRSNake cacere bhAI the aura gRha parityAgase pUrva yuvAvasthAmeM ve mahAbhAratake yuddha meM pANDavokI orase laDe bhI the| jaina purANa yuddhoke varNanase bhare par3e hai| prAcIna yugake vezya bhI na kevala yuddhomeM bhAga lete the, kintu senAke nAyakataka banate the| zizunAtha vaMzI rAjA zreNika (bimbasAra) ke nagaraseTha arhaddAsake putra jamvukumArake, jinhoMne yuvAvasthAmeM jinadIkSA dhAraNa kI aura antima kevalI hue, yuddha karaneke varNana jaina zAstroMme varNita hai| . Aja yadyapi janadharmake anuyAyI kevala vaizya dekhe jAte hai kintu jina vaizya jAtiyomeM jainadharma pAyA jAtA hai, unamese aneka jAtiyoM pahale kSatriya thI, rAjyasattA calI jAne aura vyavasAyake badala jAne se ve aba vaizya jAtiyA~ vana gaI hai| ata kSatriyokA dharma Aja vaniyokA dharma bana gayA hai| isa pustakake 'itihAsa' vibhAgameM jainadharmake anu

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vividha PEE yAyI rAjAoMkI carcA dhArmika dRSTise kI gaI hai| yahA~ una tathA kucha anya jaina vIroMkA varNana vIratAkI dRSTise kiyA jAtA hai| - rAjA ceTaka . bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thii| rAjA - ceTaka apane zauryake lie prakhyAta thaa| eka bAra ceTakake dauhitra maMgaghasamrAT kuNika (ajAtazatru) ne ceTakakI vRddhAvasthAme ceTakake viruddha AkramaNa kara diyA thaa| ceTakane ghamAsAna yuddha karake ajAtazatruke dAMta khaTTe kara diye the| rAjA udayana ra sindhu-sauvIrakA rAjA udayana mahAvIra bhagavAnkA anuyAyI thaa| yaha rAjA jaisA dharmAtmA thA vaisA hI vIra bhI thaa| ekavAra ujjanIke rAjA caNDapradyotane usapara AkramaNa kara diyaa| ghamAsAna yuddha huA aura udayanane praghotako pakar3akara apanA vandI banA liyaa| maurya samrATa candragupta / mauryasamrATa candraguptakA nAma to bhAratIya itihAsame svarNAkSaroM meM likhA huA hai| sikandarakI mRtyuke vAda isa vIrane bhAratavarSako yUnAniyoMkI dAsatAse mukta kiyA aura yuddhabhUmimeM yUnAnI senApati selyukasako parAjita karake hindUkuza pahAr3ataka apane sAmrAjyakA vistAra kiyA / kaliMga cakravartI khAravela / rAjA khAravelaka zilAlekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelane sAtakarNikI kucha bhI paravAha na karake pazcimakI ora apanI senA bhejii| phira mUrSikoMpara AkramaNa kiyaa| sAtakarNi aura mUrSikoM, para vijaya prApta karake rASTiko aura bhojakoMse apane paira pujvaaye| phira magadhapara AkramaNa kiyaa| dakSiNake pANDyarAjAne hAthI ghoDe maNi, muktA Adi bheTama dekara khAravelakA Adhipatya svIkAra kiyaa| aisA pravala parAkramI jainarAjA khAravelake pazcAt dUsarA nahIM huaa|

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jainadharma mahArAja kumArapAla cittoDake philese prApta zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki mahArAja kumArapAlane apane prabala parAkramase saba zatruoko nirmada kara diyaa| unako AjJAko pRthvIke sava rAjAone mastaka para cddhaayaa| usane gAkamaki rAjAko apane caraNomeM nmaayaa| vaha svayaM astra lekara savAlakSa daza (mAravADa ) paryanta caDhA aura saba gaDhapatiyoMko nmaayaa| sAlapurako bhI vagarma kiyaa| mahArAja kumArapAla gujarAtake rAjA the| gaMganareza mArasiMha ___ gaMganareza mArasiMha bhI jaisA dharmAtmA thA vaisA hI zUravIra mA thaa| isane kRSNarAja tRtIyake bhayAnaka zatru allAhakA mAna-mana kiyaa| aura kRSNarAjako senAkI rakSA kii| kirAtoko bhgaayaa| bajjAlako hraayaa| vanavAsIke adhikArIko pakar3akara usapara AdhakAra kiyaa| mathurAke rAjAmose vinaya prApta kii| naulamba rAjAmaukA napTa kiyA / cAlukya rAjakumAra rAjAdityako hraayaa| tApI, mAnyakheDa, gonUra, vanavAsI AdikI lar3AiyoMko jItA / isakI gagacUDAmaNi, nolambAtaka, mANDalIka trinetra, gagavidyAdhara, gagavana Adi aneka upAdhiyA~ thii| samarakesarI cAmuNDarAya yaha rAjA rAcamallake senApati the| rAjA inakI vIratAse vA prasanna thaa| java inhone vajjaladevako harAyA to samaraghuralvarakI padavI, pAI / nolamva yuddhama saphala honepara vIramArtaNDa khlaay| ucchaMgaka kileko jIta lenepara raNarAyasiMha he| vAgapurake kilemeM tribhuvanavIrako mAra DAlanepara vairI-kula-kAla-daNDakI upAdhi paaii| gaMgabhaTTakA yuddhame mAranepara samaraparazurAma hue| satyavAdI honese satya yudhiSThira kahe jAte the|

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302 jainadharma dhanarAja java 1787 I0 meM ajamerake mahArAjA vijayasiMhane ajanerako marahaTThoM se puna. jIta liyA to dhanarAja siMghoko, jo osavAla jaina the, ajamerakA gavarnara bnaayaa| cAra sAlake bAda marahaThone puna mAravAr3apara AkramaNa kiyA / isI bIca marahaThA saradArane baja merako bhI cAroM morase ghera liyaa| dhanarAjane apanI choTI-sI senAse zatrukA sAmanA bar3I vIratAse kiyA kintu marahaThoMkI zakti dekhakara vijayasiMhane dhanarAjako AjJA dI ki ajamera marahaTho saupakara jodhapura cale aao| ghanarAja na to apamAnita hokara zatruko deza sopanA cAhatA thA aura na svAmIkI AjJAkA ullaMghana karanA cAhatA thaa| usane horekI kanI khAkara prANa tyAga diye aura marate samaya cillAyA - mahArAjase kaha denA mene unakI AjJAkA pAlna kiyaa| mere jItejI marahaThe ajamera meM praveza nahI kara sakate the / janarala indrarAja jaina osavAloMmeM indrarAja sabase bar3e janarala hue hai / inhoMne bIkAnerake rAjAko harAyA aura jayapura ke rAjAkA mAna bhaMga kiyaa| san 1815 meM inakA svargavAsa jodhapurameM huA / vastupAla tejapAla jaina maMtriyoM aura senApatiyoMmeM vastupAla tejapAlakA ullekhanIya hai / ye donoM bhAI rAjanItika paNDita, talavArake ghanI zilpakalA ke premI aura jaina ke ananya bhakta the| ye poravADa the aura gujarAtake vaghelavaMzI rAjA vIradhavalake maMtrI the / devagirike yAdavavaMzI rAjA siMhamane jaba gujarAtapara Ara kiyA to ina vIrone unase yuddha karake vijaya prApta kI / isI prakA saMgrAmamahane samnAtapara hamalA kiyA to vastupAla vahA~kA gavarna thaa| ghamAsAna yuddha huvA aura saMgAmasiMhako yuddha kSetrase bhAganA paDA !

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vividha senApati AbhU AbhU zrImAlI jaina rAjapUta thaa| vaha pakkA dharmAcaraNI thaa| gujarAtake antima solaMkI rAjA bhImadevakA senAdhyakSa thaa| abhI vaha isa padapara nayA hI niyukta huA thA aura bhImadava anupasthita the| aise samayamai musalamAnone rAjadhAnIpara AkramaNa kara diyA / 'rAnIko ciMtA huI kintu AbhUke utsAhaprada vacanoMse vizvasta hokara rAnIne yuddhakI ghoSaNA kara dI aura yuddhakA bhAra AbhUko sauMpa diyaa| AbhU apane dainika dharma-karmakA baDA pakkA thaa| yuddhake maidAname sandhyA hote hI vaha talavAra myAnameM rakhakara hAthI ke haudepara hI aatm| dhyAname lIna ho gayA / yaha dekhakara loga kahane lage ki yaha janI kyA lddegaa| kintu nityakRtya karaneke bAda hI senApatikI talavAra camakane lagI aura musalamAnoMke senApatiko hathiyAra DAlakara sandhikI prArthanA karanI pdd'ii| jayapura ke jaina dIvAna / jayapura rAjyake dIvAna padako bahuta varSoMtaka jainone suzobhita kiyA hai, aura rAjyako anuzAsita, sukhI tathA samRddha karaneme stutya hAtha baTAyA hai tathA usakI rakSAke lie bahuta kucha kiyA hai| yahA~ eka do udAharaNa diye jAte hai| ___ jaba auragajevakA putra bahAdurazAha bhAratakA samrAT banA to usane Amerapara kabjA kara liyA aura savAI jayasiMhako rAjya choDanA par3A, taba dIvAna rAmacandrane senA sagaThita karake Amerapara caDhAI kara dI aura Amerapara puna. jayasihakA adhikAra ho gayA / / isI taraha dIvAna rAyacandajI chAvar3A bhI jayapura narezake priya aura vizvAsapAtra the| sa0 1862 me java jayapura aura jodhapurame udayapurakI rAjakumArIko lekara jhagaDA huA tava jodhapurameM vazI siMghI indrarAja aura dIvAna rAyacandane milakara jhagaDeko khatma kiyA / kintu bAdako lar3AIkI naubata AgaI aura dIvAna rAyacanda

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304 jainadharma ne buddhi-kauzala aura zastra-kauzalase use nivaTAyA / ye dIvAra vaDe dharmAtmA the| inhone 1861 me eka bahuta baDI vimba pratiSTha karAI thii| isa taraha saMkSepameM kucha jainavIroMkI yaha kIrtigAthA hai, 6 batalAtI hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyI AvazyakatA par3anepara marale bo mAraneke liye bhI tatpara rahate haiN| kyoki 'je kamme sUrA te dham sUrA jo 'karmavIra hote haiM vahI dharmavIra hote hai aisA zAla vAkya hai| 2 janaparva dazalakSaNa yA paryuSaNaparva jainoMkA sabase pavitra parva dazalakSaNa parva hai| digambara sampradAyame yaha parva prativarSa bhAdrapada zulkA paMcamIse caturdazItaka tathA khe0 meM bhAdrakR0 12 se bhAdrazu0 4 taka manAyA jAtA hai / ina dinoMme jaina mandiroM meM khUba Ananda chAyA rahatA hai| pratidina prAta kAlase hI sava strI-puruSa lAna karake maMdiroMme pahuMca jAte hai aura bar3e Anandake sAtha bhagavAnakA pUjana karate hai| pUjana samApta honepara pratidina zrI tatvArthasatrake dasa adhyAyoMmase eka eka adhyAyakA vyAkhyAna aura uttama kSamA, mArdada, mArjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa. tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ina dharmomeMse eka eka dharmakA vivecana hotA hai| ina dasa dharmoMke kAraNa isa parvako dazalakSaNaparva kahate hai, kyoki dharmake ukta dasa lakSaNoMkA isa parvameM khAsataurase bArAdhana kiyA jAtA hai| vyAkhyAnake liye vAharase bar3e bar3e vidvAn bulAye jAte haiM, aura prAya nabhI strI-puruSa unake upadegase lAbha uThAte haiN| tyAga dharmake dina paropakArI saMsthAoko dAna diyA jAtA hai aura nAzvina kRSNA pratipadAke dina parvakI samApti honepara saba puruSa ekana hokara parasparama gale milate haiM aura gatavarSakI apanI galatiyoMka

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4 " vividha 305 lie parasparame kSamAyAcanA karate hai / jo loga dUra dezAntara meM basate hai unhe patra likhakara kSamAyAcanA kI jAtI hai / 5 20 - ina dinoM prAya sabhI strI-puruSa apanI apanI zaktike anusAra vrata upavAsa vagairaha karate hai / koI koI dasoM dina upavAsa karate hai, bahuta se dasoM dina eka bAra bhojana karate hai| inhI dinoMmeM bhAdrapada zuklA dazamIko sugandhadazamI parva hotA hai, isa dina saba jaina strI puruSa ekatra hokara mandiroMmeM dhUpa deneke liye jAte hai; indaura vagairaha me yaha utsava darzanIya hotA hai / bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ananta caturdasI kahalAtI hai / isakA jainoM me bar3A mahattva hai| jainazAstroke anusAra isa dina vrata karanese bar3A lAbha hotA hai / dUsare, yaha dazalakSaNa parvakA antima dina bhI hai, isaliye isa dina prAya sabhI jaina strI-puruSa vrata rakhate hai aura tamAma dina mandirame hI bitAte hai / aneka sthAnoMpara isa dina jalUsa bhI nikalatA hai / kucha loga indra vanakara jalUsake sAtha jala lAte hai mora usa jalase bhagavAnkA abhiSeka karate hai / phira pUjana hotA hai aura, 1 pUjana ke bAda ananta caturdazIvrata kathA hotI hai / jo vratI nirjala upavAsa nahI karate ve kathA sunakara hI jala grahaNa karate hai / * J zvetAmbara sampradAyameM ise 'paryuSaNa' kahate hai / sAdhuoMke liye dasa prakArakA kalpa yAnI AcAra kahA hai usame eka 'paryuSaNA' hai / 'pari' arthAt pUrNa rUpase, uSaNA arthAt vasanA / arthAt eka sthAna, para sthira rUpase vAsa karaneko paryuSaNA kahate hai / usakA dinamAna tIna prakArakA hai / kamase kama 70 dina, adhika se adhika 6 mAsa ? aura madhyama 4 mAsa / kamase kama 70 dinake sthiravAsakA prArambha bhAdrapada sudI paJcamI se hotA hai| pahale yahI parasparA pracalita thI kintu kahA jAtA hai ki kAlikAcAryane cauthakI parasparA cAlU kii| usa dinako 'savacharI' yAnI sAMvatsarika parva kahate hai / sAvatsarika parva arthAt tyAgI sAdhuoke varSAvAsa nizcita karanekA dina / sAMva

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306 navarma sarika parvako kendra mAnakara usake sAtha usase pahaleka sAtAdana milakara bhAdrapada kRSNa 12 te zuklA cauthataka ATha dina zvetAmbara sampradAyameM 'paryuSaNa' kahe jAte hai / digambara sampradAyameM Aka vadale dasa dina mAne jAte hai| aura zvetAmbaroMke paryuSaNa pUrA honA dUsare dinase digambaroMkA dazalAkSaNI parva prArambha hotA hai| sAtha sarika parvameM gatavarSa meM jo koI vaira virodha eka dUsareke prati ho gayA ho, usake liye 'micchAmi dukkaDa' 'merA duSkRta mithyA ho aisa kahakara kSamAyAcanA kI jAtI hai| isa parvakA sanmAna mugalabAdazA tarI karate the| samrAT bakavarale janAcArya hIravijya sUrika upadeza bhAvita hokara paryuSaNa parvameM hiMsA vanda rakhanekA pharmAna apane sAnna yameM jArI kiyA thaa| aSTAnhikA parva digambara sampradAyakA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa parva aSTAlikA parva hai| yaha parva kAtika, phAlguna aura AsADha mAsake antake ATha dinoma manAyA jAtA hai| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra isa pRthvIpara AvA nandIzvara dvIpa hai| usa dvIpame 52 jinAlaya bane hue hai| unakI pUjA karaneke liye svargase devagaNa ukta dinoMmeM jAte hai| cUMki manuSya vahA~ taka jA nahIM sakate isaliye ve ukta dino parva manAkara yahIpara pUjA kara lete haiN| inhI dinomeM siddhacakra pUjA vidhAnakA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha pUjA mahotsava darzanIya hotA hai| zvetAmvaroma bhI paryupaNake bAda sabase mahatvakA jaina parva siddhacakra pUjA vidhAna hI hai| kintu unameM yaha pUjA varSameM do vAra-vaitra aura AsojameM hotI hai, aura naptamIle pUnama taka 6 dina calatI hai| mahAvIra jayantI caitra zuklA prayodazI bhagavAna mahAvInkI janmatithi hai| dina bhAratavarSayo namI jaina bapanA pArobAra banda galakara ne apane nyAnopara bahI dhana-dhAmane mahAvIrakI jayantI manAte haiN| prAtAra

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vividha 307. jalasa nikAlate hai aura rAtrimeM sArvajanika sabhAkA Ayojana hotA hai| bhArata bharameM bahuta-sI prAntIya sarakAroMne apane prAntameM mahAvIra jayantIkI chuTTI ghoSita kara dI hai| kendrIya sarakArase bhI jainoMkI yahI mAMga hai| vIrazAsana jayantI jainoMke antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIrako pUNa-jJAnakI prApti ho jAnepara unakI sabase pahalI dharmadezanA magadhakI rAjagRhI nagarIke vipulAcala parvatapara prAta kAlake samaya huI thii| usIke upalakSameM prativarSa zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadAko vIra gAsana jayantI manAI jAtI hai| gata vi0 saM0 2001 meM pahale rAjagRhImeM aura vAdako kalakattAme aDhAI hajAravA~ vIra zAsana mahotsava baDI dhUma-dhAmase manAyA gayA thaa| zruta paJcamI digambara sampradAyameM dhIre-dhIre .jaba aMga jJAna lupta ho gayA to aMgoM aura pUrvoke eka dezake jJAtA AcArya gharasena hue| ve soraTha dezake giranAra parvatakI candraguphAmeM dhyAna karate the| unheM isa bAtakI cintA huI ki unake bAda zruta jJAnakA lopa ho jAyegA, ata unhone mahimA nagarImeM honevAle muni sammelanako patra likhA, jisake phalasvarUpa vahA~se do muni unake pAsa phuNce| AcAryane unakI buddhikI, parIkSA karake unheM siddhAnta paDhAyA aura vidA kara diyaa| una donoM muniyoMkA nAma puSpadanta aura bhUtabali thaa| unhone vahA~se Akara SaTkhaNDAgama nAmaka siddhAnta granyakI racanA kii| racanA ho jAnapara bhUtavali AcAryane use pustakArUDha karake jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI1. "jyepThasitapakSapaJcamyAM cAturvapyamaghasamaveta / tatpustakopakaraNayaMghAt kriyApUrvaka pUnAm / / 143 // dhrutapaJcamIti tena pratyAti tipiraya parAmApa / adyApi yena tasyA bhutapUjI kurvane nA // 14 // " indrnndi-shutaavtaar|

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308 jainadharma ke dina catuvidha saMghake sAtha usakI pUjA kI, jisase zruta paJcamI tithi di0 jainiyoMmeM prakhyAta ho gaI / usa tithiko ve zAstrokI pUjA karate hai / unakI dekha-bhAla karate haiM, dhUla tathA jIvajantuse unako saphAI karata hai| zvetAmvaromeM kArtika sudI pacamIko jJAnapaMcamI mAnA jAtA hai| usa dina ve dharmagranthokI pUjA tathA saphAI vagairaha karate hai / } ukta parvoke sivA pratyeka tIrthaGkarake garbha, janma, dIkSA, kevala jJAna aura nirvANake dina kalyANaka dina kahe jAte hai / una dinomeM bhI jagaha jagaha utsava manAye jAte hai / jaise aneka jagaha prathama tIryaGkara RSabhadevakI jJAna jayantI yA nirvANatithi manAI jAtI hai / dIpAvalI Upara jo jana parva batalAye gaye hai ve aise hai jinheM kevala jaina dharmAnuyAyI hI manAte hai / inake sivA kucha parva aise bhI hai jinheM jaino ke sivA hindU janatA bhI manAtI hai| aise parvoMmeM sabase adhika ullekhanIya dIpAvalI yA divAlIkA parva hai| yaha parva kArtika mAsakI amAvasyAko manAyA jAtA hai| sApha suthare makAna kArtiko amAvasyAkI sandhyAko dIpoMke prakAzase jagamagA uThate hai / ghara ghara lakSmIkA pUjana hotA hai| sadiyoM se yaha tyohAra manAyA jAtA hai, kintu kisIko isakA patA nahI hai ki yaha tyauhAra kaba calA, kyo calA aura kisane calAyA ? koI isakA sambandha rAmacandrajI ke ayodhyA loTanese lagAte hai / koI ise samrAT azokakI digvijayakA sUcaka batalAte haiM / kintu rAmAyaNameM isa tarahakA koI ullekha nahI milatA hai, itanA hI nahI, kintu 'kisI hindU purANa vagairaha meM bhI isa sambandhameM koI ullekha nahI miltaa| 1---zrI vAsudeva zaraNa agravAlane hameM sujhAyA hai ki vAtsyAyana kAmasUtrameM dIpAvalIko yakSarAtri mahotsava kahA gayA hai / tathA cauddhoka 'puppharata' jAtakameM kArtikI rAtriko hone vAle utsavakA varNana hai isI prakAra kArtikakI paurNabhAsoko hone vAle utsavakA varNana 'dhammapada aTakathA meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina

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vividha 309. bauddhadharmame to yaha tyauhAra manAyA hI nahIM jaataa| raha jAtA hai jana sampradAya / isa sampradAyame zaka saM0705 (vi0 saM0840) kA racA humA harivaMza purANa hai| usameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANakA varNana karate hue likhA hai-"mahAvIra bhagavAn bhavyajIvoko upadeza dete hue pAvA nagarIme padhAre, aura vahA~ke eka manohara udyAnameM, caturthakAlameM tIna varSa sADhe ATha mAsa vAkI raha jAnepara kArtikI amAvasyAke prabhAtakAlIna sandhyAke samaya, yogakA nirodha karake karmokA nAza karake muktiko prApta hue| cAroM prakArake devatAoMne Akara unakI, pUjA kI aura dIpaka jlaaye| usa samaya una dIpakoMke prakAzase pAvAnagarIkA AkAza pradIpita ho rahA thaa| usI samayase bhakta loga jinezvarakI pUjA karaneke liye bhAratavarSame prati varSa unake nirvANa. divasake upalakSame dIpAvalI manAte hai|" jainadharmakI AjakI sthitiko dekhate hue koI isa bAtapara vizvAsa nahIM kara sakatA ki mahAvIra nirvANake upalakSyame dIpAvalI manAI jA sakatI hai| kintu usa samayake prasiddha prasiddha rAjagharAnoke sAtha / ullekhose itanA hI patA calatA hai ki kArtikama rAtrike samaya koI utta manAyA jAtA rahA hai| kintu vaha kyo manAyA jAtA hai tayA usakA rUpa kyA thA, isakA patA nahI cltaa| le0 / 1. "jinendravIro'pi vivodhya satata samatato bhavyasamUhasatati / prapadya pAvAnagaroM garIyasI manoharodyAnavane tadIyake // 15 // caturthakAle'rghacaturyamAsakai vihiintaavishcturndshepke| sakAtike svAtiSu kRSNabhUtasuprabhAtasanvyAsamaye svabhAvataH // 1 // / aghAtikarmANi niruddhayogako vidhUya dhAtI dhanavaddhivadhana / vivandhanasthAnamavApa zakaro nirantarAyokhsukhAnuvanyam // 17 // jvalatpradIpAlikayA pravRddhayA surAsura dIpitayA prdiiptyaa| tadA ma pAvAnagarI samatata pradIpitAkAzatalA prakAzate // 19 // tatastu loka prativarSamAdarAt prasiddhadIpAlikayAtra bhaarte| samudyata pUjayituM jinezvara jinendranirvANa vibhUtibhattimAk // 20 //

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jainadharma mahAvIrakA jo kulajhamAgata sambandha thA tathA unapara jo prabhAva thA use dekhate hue aisA ho sakanA asabhava to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| majhimanikAyake sAmagAmasuttake anusAra jaba cunda mahAtmA buddha preya ziSya Anandako mahAvIrake maranekA samAcAra detA hai to AyuSyamAn mAnanda kahate hai-'Avusa cunda | bhagavAna buddhake darzanake lie 'yaha bAta bheTa svarUpa hai|' isa ghaTanAse hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki apane samayameM mahAvIra bhagavAnkA kitanA prabhAva thaa| __ isake sivA dIpAvalI ke pUjanakI jo paddhati pracalita hai, usase bhI isa samasyApara prakAza par3atA hai| dIpAvalIke dina kyoM lakSmIjana hotA hai isakA santopajanaka samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| dUsarI ra, jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIrakA nirvANa humA usI samaya unake dhAna zipya gautama gaNagharako pUrNa jJAnakI prApti huii| yaha gautama hmaNa the| mukti aura jJAnako janadharmameM sabase baDI lakSmI mAnA hai aura prAya muktilakSmI aura jJAnalakSmIke nAmase hI zAstroma unakA 'llekha kiyA gayA hai| ata sambhava hai ki AdhyAtmika lakSmIka 'janakI prathAne dhIre-dhIre janasamudAyameM vAhya lakSmIke pUjanakA rUpa liyA ho| vAhyaSTipradhAna manuSyasamAjame aisA prAya. dekhA AtA hai| lakSmIpUjanake samaya miTTIkA gharauMdA aura khela khilaune se rakhe jAte hai| hamAre bar3e kahA karate the ki yaha gharodA bhagavAn hAvIra athavA unake ziSya gautama gaNadharakI upadeza sabhA (samavaraNa) kI yAdagArameM hai aura cUMki unakA upadeza sunaneke liye nuSya pazu sabhI jAte the ata unako yAdagArame unakI mUrtiyA~ (khilaune) khe jAte hai| isa taraha dIpAvalI ke prakAzame hama prativarSa bhagavAnkI garvANa lakSmIkA pUjana karate hai| aura jisa rUpameM unakI upadeza bhA lagatI thI usakA sAja sajAte hai / dIpAvalIke prAta.kAlameM sabhI jaina mandiroM meM mahAvIra nirvANasmatima bar3A utsava manAyA jAtA hai aura naivedya (lADU) se bhagavAna

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viviSa 311. kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / isa DhagakI pUjAkA Ayojana kevala isI dina hotA hai / isase ghara gharame usa dina jo miSTAnna banatA hai usakA uddezya bhI samajhameM A jAtA hai / salUno yA rakSAbandhana dUsarA ullekhanIya sArvajanika tyauhAra, jise jainI manAte hai salUno yA rakSAbandhana parva hai / sAdhAraNata isa tyauhArake dina gharoMme miyA~ banatI hai aura brAhmaNa loga logoM ke hAthome rAkhiyA~, jinha rakSAbandhana kahate hai, vA~ghakara dakSiNA lete hai / rAkhI bAMdhate samaya ve eka zloka paDhate hai jisakA bhAva yaha hai - 'jisa rAkhIse dAnavoMkA indra mahAvali valirAjA bAMdhA gayA usase mai tumhe bhI bA~dhatA hU~ merI rakSA karo aura usase DiganA nahI / sAtha hI sAtha uttara bhAratame eka prathA aura hai / usa dina hindU mAtrake dvArapara donoM ora manuSyake citra banAye jAte hai unheM 'sona' kahate hai / pahale unheM jimAkara unake rAkhI bAMdhI jAtI hai taba gharake loga bhojana karate hai / hamane anekoM vidvAnoM aura paurANikoMse isa tyauhAra ke bAreme jAnanA cAhA ki yaha kaba kaise calA kintu kisI se bhI koI bAta jJAta nahI ho sakI / vali rAjAkI kathA vAmanAvatAra ke silasile meM AtI hai, kintu, usa se isa parva ke bAremeM kuchabhI jJAta nahI hotA / jainapurANome avazya eka kathA milatI hai jo sakSepameM isa prakAra hai kisI samaya ujjainI nagarIme zrIdharma nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake cAra matrI the - bali, bahaspati, namuci aura prahalAda / eka bAra jainamuni akampanAcArya sAta sau muniyoMke saghake sAtha ujjaina meM pdhaare| maMtriyo ke manA karanepara bhI rAjA muniyoMke darzanake li gayA / usa samaya saba muni dhyAnastha the / lauTate hue mArga me eka munise 1. 'yena baddho balI rAjA dAnavendro mahAvalI | tena tvAmapi badhnAmi rakSa mA cala mA cala / '

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312 jainadharma triyokA zAstrArtha ho gyaa| matrI parAjita ho gaya / kruddha maMtrI patrime talavAra lekara muniyoko mAraneke liye nikale / mArgameM gurukI prAjJAse usI zAstrArthake sthAnapara dhyAnameM magna apane pratidvandvI muniko dekhakara matriyone unapara vAra karaneke liye jaise hI talavAra Upara uThAI, unake hAtha jyoMke tyoM raha gye| dina nikalanepara rAjAne triyoko dezase nikAla diyaa| cAromatrI apamAnita hokara hastinApurake rAjA panakI zaraNameM aaye| vahA~ baline kauzalase padma rAjAke eka zatruko pakaDa kara usake supurda kara diyaa| padmane prasanna hokara muMhamAMgA varadAna diyA / baline samayapara varadAna mAMganeke liye kaha diyaa| kucha samaya bAda muni akampanAcAryakA saMgha vihAra karatA huA hastinApura AyA aura usane vahI varSAvAsa karanA taya kiyA / java bali vagairahako isa bAtakA patA calA to pahale to ve bahuta ghabarAya, pIche unheM apane apamAnakA badalA cukAnekI yukti sUjha gaI / unhone varadAnakA smaraNa dilAkara rAjA padmase sAta dinakA rAjya mAMga liyaa| rAjya pAkara baline munisapake cAroM ora eka bADA khaDA karA diyA aura usake andara puruSamedha yajJa karanekA prabandha kiyaa| __idhara muniyopara yaha upasarga prArambha hA ughara mithilA nagarIme vatamAna eka nimittajJAnI muniko isa upasargakA patA laga gyaa| unake muMhase hA hA' nikalA / pAsameM vartamAna eka kSullakane isakA kAraNa pUchA to unhoMne saba hAla batalAyA aura kahA ki viSNukumAra muniko vikriyA Rddhi utpanna ho gaI hai ve isa sakaTako dUra kara sakate hai| kSullaka tatkAla muni viSNukumArake pAsa gaye aura unako saba samAcAra sunaayaa| viSNukumAra muni hastinApurake rAjA padmake bhAI the / ve turanta apane bhAI padyake pAsa pahuMce aura bole-padharAja ' tumane yaha kyA kara rakhA hai ' kuruvazameM aisA anartha kabhI nahIM huaa| yadi rAjA hI tapasviyopara anartha karane lage to use kauna dUra kara sakegA?

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vividha yadi jala hI Agako bhaDakAne lage to phira use kauna vujhA skegaa|' uttarameM padmane baliko rAjya de denekA saba samAcAra sunAyA aura kucha kara sakanameM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kI / taba viSNukumAra muni vAmanarUpa dhAraNa karake balike yajJameM pahuMce aura balike prArthanA karanepara tIna para dharatI usase maaNgii| jaba baline dAnakA saMkalpa kara diyA to viSNukumArane vikriyA Rddhike dvArA apane zarIrako bddhaayaa| unhone / apanA pahalA paira sumeru parvatapara rakhA, dUsarA paira mAnuSottara parvatapara, rakhA, aura tIsarA paira sthAna na honese mAkAzame Dolane lgaa| taba sarvatra hAhAkAra maca gayA, devatA daur3a par3e aura unhoMne viSNukumAra munise prArthanA kI 'bhagavan ? apanI isa vikriyAko sameTiye / ' Apake tapake prabhAvase tInoM loka caMcala ho uThe hai / taba unhoMne apanI vikriyAko sameTA / muniyoMkA upasarga dUra huA aura valiko dezase nikAla diyA gyaa| valike atyAcArase sarvatra hAhAkAra maca gayA thA aura ne yaha pratijJA kara lI thI ki jaba muniyokA saMkaTa dUra hogA to unha. AhAra karAkara hI bhojana grahaNa kreNge| saMkaTa dUra honepara saba loga ne dUdhakI sImiyoMkA halkA bhojana taiyAra kiyA, kyoki muni kara. dinake upavAse the / muni kevala sAta sau the ataH ve kevala sAta sau para para hI pahuMca sakate the| isaliye zeSa gharoM meM unakI pratikRti banAkara aura use AhAra dekara pratijJA pUrI kI gaI / savane parasparame rakSa' karanekA vandhana bAMdhA, jisakI smRti tyauhArake rUpameM avataka calI AtI hai| dIvAroMpara jo citra racanAkI jAtI hai use "sauna' kaha 1 zrI vAsudeva zaraNa agravAlane hameM batAyA hai ki 'sona' zabda zanika apabhraza hai jisakA artha hotA hai garuDa pkssii| zrAvaNa mAsameM nAga pacamIke 8 jo citrakArI kI jAtI hai vaha nAgokI sUcaka hai aura rakSAvanvanake dina ja citrakArI kI jAtI hai vaha gaDakI sUcaka hai| nAgo aura garuDoke vamanasyapa ullekha vaidika sAhityame pAyA jAtA hai| tathA vaha prakAza aura anvakAra.

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314 jainadharma jAtA hai, yaha 'sauna' zabda 'zramaNa' zabdakA apabhrA jAna par3atA hai| prAcInakAlameM jaina sAdhu zramaNa kahalAte the| isa prakArase salano yA rakSAvandhanakA tyauhAra jaina tyauhArake rUpame jainome Aja bhI manAyA jAtA hai| usa dina viSNukumAra aura sAta sau maniyokI pUjana kI jAtI hai| usake bAda parasparame rAkhI bAMdhakara dIvAropara citrita , 'saunoM ko AhAra dAna diyA jAtA hai| tava sava bhojana karate hai aura garIboM tathA bAhmaNoMko dAna bhI dete hai| 3 tIrthakSetra ___ sAdhAraNata jisa sthAnakI yAtrA karaneke liye yAtrI jAte haiM, use tIrtha kahate hai| tIrtha zabdakA artha ghATa arthAta snAna karanekA sthAna bhI hotA hai kintu janoMmeM koi snAnasthAna tIrtha nahIM hai / nadiyoka jalameM pApanAzaka zakti hai yaha vAta hindU mAnate hai kintu jana nahI mAnate / isI prakAra satI honekI prathA hinduokI dRSTise mAnya hai aura isaliye ve satiyoke sthAnoko bhI tIrthakI taraha pUjate hai, kintu jaina unheM nahI mAnate / jaina dRSTise to tIrthazabdakA eka hI artha liyA nAtA hai-'bhavasAgarase pAra utaranekA mArga vatalAnevAlA sthAna / isaliye jina sthAnopara tIrthaGkarone janma liyA ho, dIkSA dhAraNa kI ho, tapa kiyA ho, pUrNajJAna prApta kiyA ho, yA mokSa prApta kiyA ho, una sthAnoko janI tIrthasthAna mAnate hai / athavA jahA~ koI pUjya vastu vartamAna ho, tIrthaGkaroMke sivA anya mahApuruSa jahA~ rahe hoM yA unhone nirvANa prApta kiyA ho, ve sthAna bhI tIrtha mAne jAte hai / jainoke tIrthokI sakhyA bahuta hai / una savako vatalA sakanA zakya nahI hai, kyoMki jaina dharmakI avanatike kAraNa aneka prAcIna tIrtha bhAja vismRta ho cuke hai, aneka sthAna dUsaroMke dvArA apanAye jA cuka hai| kaI prasiddha sthAnopara jainamUrtiyA~ dUsare devatAoke rUpameM pUjI hAIkA bhI sUcaka hai| rakSAbandhana ke dina garuDa yA prakAzako vijaya nAgo athavA vikAra para huI thii|

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vividha 315 . jAtI hai / udAharaNa ke liye prakhyAta badrInAtha tIrthake mandirame bhagavAn pArzvanAthako mUrti badrIvizAlake rUpame tamAma hindU yAtriyoka dvArA pUjI jAtI hai / usapara candanakA moTA lepa thopakara tathA hAtha vagairaha lagAkara usakA rUpa badala diyA jAtA hai, isI liye jaba prAta kAla zrRGgAra kiyA jAtA hai, to kisIko dekhane nahI diyA jAtA / kyA Azcarya hai jo kabhI vaha jaina mandira rahA ho aura zakarAcArya ke dvArA isa rUpame kara diyA gayA ho, jaisA ki vahA~ ke purAne bUr3hoM ke mu~ha se sunA jAtA hai / astu, Chun jainadharmake digambara aura zvetAmbara dono hI sampradAyoM ke tIrthasthAna hai / uname bahuta se aise hai jinheM dono hI mAnate pUjate hai / aura bahutase aise hai jinheM yA to digambara hI mAnate pUjate hai yA kevala zvetAmbara; athavA eka sampradAya eka sthAname mAnatA hai to dUsarA dUsare sthAname / kailAza, campApura, pAvApura, giranAra, zatruJjaya aura sammeda zikhara Adi aise tIrtha hai jinako dono hI sampradAya mAnate hai / gajapanthA, tuGgI, pAvAgiri, droNagiri, meDhagiri, kuthugiri, siddhavarakUTa, bar3avAnI Adi tIrtha aise hai, jinhe kevala digambara sampradAya hI mAnatA hai / aura isI taraha AbUgiri, zakhezvara Adi kucha aise tIrtha hai jinheM zvetAmbara sampradAya hI mAnatA hai / yahA~ prasiddha prasiddha tIrthakSetrokA sAmAnya paricaya prAntavAra karAyA jAtA hai bihAra pradeza sammeda zikhara - hajArIbAga jilemeM jainokA yaha eka atiprasiddha aura atyanta pUjya siMddhakSetra hai / ise digambara aura zvetAmbara dono hI } samAnarUpase mAnate aura pUjate hai / zrI RSabhadeva, vAsupUjya, neminAtha aura mahAvIrake sivA zeSa bIsa tIrtha rone isI parvatase nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / 23 ve tIrthaMkara zrIpArzvanAthake nAmake Uparase Aja yaha parvata 'pArasanAtha hila' ke nAmase prasiddha haiM / pUrvIya relavepara isake relave sTezanakA nAma bhI kucha varSoMse pArasanAtha ho gayA hai| isa parvata

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. 316 jainadharma kI coTiyopara vane aneka mandiroMkA darzana karaneke liye prativarSa hajAroM digambara aura zvetAmbara strI puruSa Ate haiM / isakI yAtrAma 18 mIlakA cakkara par3atA hai aura 8 ghaMTe lagate haiN| ___ kuluA pahAr3a-yaha pahADa jaMgalame hai| gayAse jAyA jAtA hai| isakI caDhAI 2 mIla hai| isapara saikaDoM jaina pratimAeM khaNDita par3I hai| aneka jaina mandiroke bhagnAvazeSa bhI paDe hai| kucha jaina mandira aura pratimAeM akhaNDita bhI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isa pahADapara 10 veM tIrthaGkarazItalanAthane tapa karake kevala jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| iNDiyana enTIkverI (mArca 1901) meM eka aMgreja lekhakane isake sambandhama likhA thA-'pUrvakAlameM yaha pahAr3a avazya jainiyokA eka prasiddha tIrtha rahA hogA, kyoki sivAya durgAdevIkI navIna matike aura bauddhamUrtika eka khaNDake anya sava cihna jo pahAipara hai, ve sava jaina tIrthaGkaroMko hI prakaTa karate hai| guNAvA-yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake prathama gaNaghara gautama svAmIkA nirvANakSetra hai| gayA-paTanA (I0 Ara0) lAInameM sthita navAdA sTezanase DeDha mIla hai| pAvApura-guNAvAse 13 mIlapara antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yaha nirvANakSetra hai| usake smArakasvarUpa tAlAvake madhyama eka vizAla mandira hai, jisako jalamandira kahate hai| jalamandirama mahAvIra svAmI, gautama svAmI aura sagharmA svAmIke caraNa syApita hai| kArtika kRSNA amAvasyAko bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANa divasaka upalakSameM yahA~ bahuta bar3A melA bharatA hai| rAjagRhI yA paca pahADI-~~-pAvApurIse 11 mIla rAjagRhI hai| eka samaya yaha magadha dezakI rAjadhAnI thii| yahA~ 20veM tIrthakara munisunnatanAthakA janma huA thaa| rAjagahIke cAro ora pAMca parvata hai unake vIcame rAjagahI basI thii| isIse ise pacapahAr3I bhI kahate haiM / mahAvIra bhagavAnakA prathama upadeza isI nagarIke vipulAcala parvatapara

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vividha 317 huA thaa| pAMcoM pahADoMke Upara jaina mandira bane hai| ina sabhIkI vandanA karaneme 15-16 mIlakA cakkara par3a jAtA hai| kuNDalapura--yaha rAjagRhIse 10 mIlapara hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma sthAna mAnakara pUjA jAtA hai / / ___ mandAragiri-bhAgalapurase 30 mIlapara yaha eka choTAsA pahADa hai| isIko bArahaveM tIrthakara zrIvAsupUjya svAmIkA mokSa sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| kintu vartamAname campApurako hI pA~coM kalyANakokA sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| bhAgalapurase 4 mIla nAtha nagara hai aura vahA~se 2 mIlapara caMpApura hai| ___ paTanA--yaha vihAra prAntakI rAjadhAnI hai| paTanA siTIme gulajArabAga sTezanake pAsame hI eka choTI-sI TIkarIpara caraNapAdukAeM sthApita hai / yahA~se seTha sudarzanane muktilAbha kiyA thaa| inakI jIvana kathA atyanta rocaka aura zikSAprada hai| uttara pradeza banArasa-isa nagarake bhadainIghATa muhAlame gaMgAke kinArepara' do vizAla di. jaina mandira tathA eka zve. mandira bane hai jo sAtave tIrthaGkara bhagavAna supArzvanAthake janma sthAna rUpase mAne jAte hai| yahA~para jainoMkA atiprasiddha syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya sthApita hai jisame, saMskRta aura jainadharmakI UMcIse UMcI zikSA dI jAtI hai| bhelapura, muhallAmeM bhI donoM sampradAyoke mandira hai| yaha sthAna teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI janmabhUmi honese pUjanIya hai / isa prakAra banArasa do tIrthaGkaroMkA janma sthAna hai / zaharame anya bhI kaI jaina mandira hai| siMhapurI-banArasase 6 mIlakI dUrIpara sAranAtha nAmakA prAma hai jo bauddha purAtattvakI dRSTise atiprasiddha hai| yahIpara kasI samaya siMhapurI nAmakI nagarI basI huI thI, jisame 11ve tIrthakara zrIzreyAMsanAthane janma liyA thaa| yahA~para jaina mandira aura jaina dharma

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jainadharma 318 zAlA hai / digambara jainokA mandira to bauddha mandirake hI pAsama hai kintu zvetAmbara mandira kucha dUrIpara relave sTeganake pAsa banA hai| ___candrapurI-~~-sAranAtha se molapara candravaTI nAmakA gA~va hai jo candrapurIkA bhagnAvagepa kahA jA sakatA hai| yahA~para AThave tIrthaGkara candraprabhu bhagavAnane ganma liyA thaa| yahAM gaMgAke taTapara donoM sampradAyoka mandira alaga alaga bane hue hai| prayAga--yahA~ niveNI saMgamake pAsa hI eka purAnA kilA hai| kileke bhItara jamInake andara eka akSayavaTa (vaDakA peDa) hai| kahate hai ki zrIpabhadevane yahA~ tapa kiyA thaa| kile meM prAcIna jaina 'mUrtiyAM bhI hai| phaphosA-ilAhAbAda kAnapurake vIcameM uttarIya relavepara bharavArI nAmakA sTezana hai, vahA~sa 20-25 mIlapara yaha eka choTA sA gAMva hai| usake pAsameM hI prabhAsa nAmase eka pahAr3a hai| caDhanake liye 116 sIDhiyoM banI huI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isa pahADapara cha tIrthaGkara padmaprabhu bhagavAnane tapa kiyA thA aura yahIpara unheM kevala jJAnakI prApti huI thii| yahA~ eka mandira hai aura mandirake Age caTTAnameM ukerI huI pratimAeM hai| ___ kauzAmbI-phaphausAse 4 mIlapara gaDhavAya nAmakA gA~va hai| 'usake pAsa hImeM kuzavA nAmakA gAMva hai, jise prAcIna kauzAmbI nagarI mAnA jAtA hai| isa nagarIme bhagavAna padmaprabhukA janma huA thaa| / ayodhyA-jaina zAstroke anusAra yaha prasiddha nagarI ati-prAcIna kAlase jainoMkA mukhya sthAna rahI hai| janoke 5 tIrthaDrokA janma ' isI nagarImeM huA thaa| Aja yahA~ aneka jaina mandira aura dharma zAlAeM vartamAna hai| 12 khakhUda-gorakhapurase ena0 I0 relavekA nonakhAra sTezana 36 mIla hai| vahA~se 3 mIla khakhUda gA~va hai| isakA prAcIna nAma kiSkindhA vatalAyA jAtA hai| yaha zrIpuSpadanta tIrthaGkarakA janma

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vividha 316. sthAna hai / yahA~ke mandirame zrIpuSpadanta bhagavAnakI mUrti virAjamAna hai| seTameMTa --- phaijAbAdase goDA roDapara 21 mIla valarAmapura hai / balarAmapura 10 mIlapara seTameTa hai / isakA prAcIna nAma zrAvastI vatalAyA jAtA hai jo ki tIsare tIrthaGkara saMbhavanAtha kI janmabhUmi hai / ratnapurI - yaha sthAna phaijAbAda jilemeM sohAvala sTezanase 1 // mIla hai / yaha zrIdharmanAtha svAmIkI janmabhUmi hai / eka mandira zve - tAmbaroMkA va do digambaroke hai / kampilA -- yaha tIrthakSetra jilA pharukkhAbAdame ena0 i0 relaveke kAyamagaMja sTezanase 8 mIla hai / yahA~ terahaveM tIrthaGkara zrIvimalanAtha ke 4 kalyANaka hue hai / prativarSa caitra mAsameM yahA~ melA bhI bharatA hai aura rathotsava hotA hai / ahikSetra -- ena0 Ara0 kI varelI-alIgaDha lAinapara AMvalA sTezana hai | vahA~se 8 mIla rAmanagara gA~va hai usIse lagA huA yaha kSetra hai / isa kSetrapara tapasyA karate hue bhagavAna pArzvanAthake Upara kamaThake jIvane ghora upasarga kiyA thA aura unheM kevala jJAnakI prApti huI thI / prativarSa caitra vadI 8 se dvAdazI taka yahA~ melA hotA hai / 4 - : hastinAgapura - yaha kSetra meraThase 22 mIla hai / yahA~ zrIzAntinAtha / kunyunAtha aura aranAtha tIrthaGkaro ke garbha, janma, tapa aura jJAna isa taraha cAra kalyANaka hue hai / tathA 11ve mallinAtha tIrthaGkarakA samavasaraNa bhI AyA thA / yahA~ para dillIke lAlA harasukhadAsajI kA banavAyA huA eka vizAla digambara jaina mandira aura dharmazAlA hai / pAsameM hI zvetAmvarokA bhI mandira hai / dharmaMgAlA se lagabhaga 2 - 3 mIlapara cAro tIrthaGkarokI cAra di0 jaina naziyA~ banI huI hai jo prAcIna hai / prati varSa kArtika sudI se pUrNamAsI taka digambara jainoMkA bahuta bar3A melA bharatA hai /

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322 janadharma hai| yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mati mAnI jAtI hai| isa prAntameM isa mUrtikI baDI mAnyatA hai / dUra dUrase loga isakI pUjA karaneke liye Ate hai| isake mAhAtmyaka sambandhameM aneka kiMvadantiyAM pracalita hai| mahArAjA chatrasAlake samayameM unhIkI preraNAse isakA jIrNoddhAra huA thA, jisakA zilAlekha akita hai| sAgarase 48 mIlapara vInAjI kSetra hai yahAM tIna jaina mandira haiM jinameM eka pratimA zAntinAtha bhagavAnakI 14 phuTa UMcI tathA eka pratimA mahAvIra bhagavAnakI 12 phuTa UMcI virAjamAna hai| aura bhI aneka manohara mUrtiyAM hai| sAgarase 38 mIla mAlayauna gAMva hai| gA~vase 1 mIlapara eka jaina mandira hai| isameM 10 gajase lekara 24 gajatakakI UMcI khaDe AsanakI aneka pratimAeM hai / lalitapurase 10 mIlapara sarona gAMva hai| vahAMse bhASA mIlapara 5-6 prAcIna jaina mandira hai| cAro ora koTa hai| yahA~ eka mati 20 gaja UcI zAntinAtha bhagavAnakI hai, tathA cAra pAMca phuTa UMcI sekahokhaNDita mUrtiyAM hai| / devagaDha---senTrala relveke lalitapura sTezanase 16 mIla eka pahAr3Ipara yaha kSetra sthita hai| yaha sacamuca devagaDha hai| yahA~ aneka prAcIna jinAlaya hai aura agaNita khaNDita mUrtiyAM hai| kalAkI dRSTise bhI yahAMkI mUrtiyAM darzanIya hai| kuzala kArIgarone pattharako moma kara diyA hai| karIva 200 zilAlekha yahA~ utkIrNa hai| 5 manohara mAnastabha hai| prAkRtika saundarya bhI anupama hai / yahA~se 6 mIlapara cA~dapura sthAna hai| vahA~ bhI aneka jainamUrtiyAM hai jinameM 14 gaja UMcI eka mUrti zAntinAtha tIrthadharakI hai| papaurA-vidhyaprAntameM TIkagamaDhase kucha dUrIpara jaMgalameM yaha kSetra sthita hai| isake cAro ora koTa vanA hai| jisake andara lagabhaga 10 mandira hai / eka vIra vidyAlaya bhI hai| kArtika sudI 14 ko prativarSa melA bharatA hai|

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vividha 323, ahAra -- TIkamagaDhase 8 mIlapara ahAra gA~va hai / vahA~ se karIba 6 mIlapara eka UjaDa sthAnameM tIna digambara jaina mandira hai / eka mandirame 29 phudakI UMcI zAntinAtha bhagavAnakI ati manojJamUrti virAjamAna hai jo khaNDita hai kintu bAdame joDakara ThIka kI gaI hai| yaha pratimA vi0 saM0 1237 meM pratiSThita kI gaI thii| ina mandiroM ke sivA yahA~ anya bhI aneka mandira bane hue the, kintu vAdazAhI jamAne me saba naSTa kara diye gaye aura aba agaNita khaNDita mUrtiyA~ vahA~ vartamAna hai| kSetra kalApremiyoMke liye bhI darzanIya hai / aba yahA~ eka pAThazAlA bhI cAlU hai / canderI -- yaha lalitapurase bIsa mIla hai / yahA~ eka jaina mandirame caubIsa vediyA~ banI huI hai aura unameM jisa tIrthaGkarake zarIrakA jaisA raga thA usI ragakI cobIsoM tIrthaGkaroMkI cobIsa mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna hai| aisI caubIsI anyatra kahI bhI nahI hai / yahA~se uttarame 8 mIlapara buDhI canderI hai / yahA~para saikar3oM jaina mandira jIrNazIrNa dazAme hai, jiname bar3I hI saumya aura cittAkarSaka mUrtiyA~ hai / pacarAI - canderIse 34 mIla khaniyAdhAnA sthAna hai aura vahA~se molapara pacarAI gA~va hai / yahA~para 28 jinamandira hai jiname lagabhaga eka hajAra mUrtiyA~ hai, inameM Adhake lagabhaga sAbita hai, zeSa khaNDita hai / thUvanajI --- canderI se 8 mIla thUvanajI hai / yahA~ 25 mandira hai / prAya sabhI pratimAe~ pattharoMmeM ukerI huI hai, khar3e yoga hai aura 20-30 phuTa takakI U~cI hai / yahA~ yaha batalA denA Avazyaka hai ki bundelakhaNDake ukta sabhI ' 1 kSetra digambara jaina hI hai / vahIM zvetAmbaroMkA nivAsa na honese unaka eka bhI tIrthakSetra nahI hai | antarikSa pArzvanAtha - senTrala relaveke akolA ( barAra ) sTazanase lagabhaga 40 mIlapara zivapura nAmakA gA~va hai / gA~vake 4 dharmazAlAoM ke bIca eka bahuta bar3A prAcIna vizAla dumaMjalA jaina

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324 jainadharma * mandira hai| nIcekI majilame eka gyAmavarNa 2 // phuTa UMcI paarshvnaath| jIkI prAcIna pratimA hai jo vedImeM apara virAjamAna hai| sirpha dakSiNa ghuTanA jamInameM saTA huA hai| isIse yaha pratimA antarika pArzvanAyaka nAmase prasiddha hai| yahA~ dono sampradAyoke liye pUjAkA samaya niyata hai| subaha 6 se 1 aura 12 se 3 taka zvetAmbara pUjana karate hai aura ise 12 tathA 3 se 6 taka digambara loga pUjana karate hai| ____ kArajA-akolA jileme matijApUra sTeganase yavatamAlako jAnevAlI relave lAinapara yaha eka kasavA hai / yahA~para tIna vizAla prAcIna jainamandira hai / eka mandirameM cA~dI, sone, hore, mUMge aura pannekI pratimAeM hai| yahAM do bhaTTArakokI gadiyA hai eka balAtkAra gaNakI, dUsarI sengnnkii| senagaNake bhaTTArakake mandirameM saMskRta rAkRtake prAcIna jainagnanyokA bahuta bar3A bhaDAra hai| yahA~ mahAvIra brahmacaryAzrama nAmakI eka Adarza zikSA sasyA bhI hai|| ___ muktAgiri-yaha siddhakSetra varADake elacapurase 12 mIlapara pahADI jaMgalameM hai| nIce dharmazAlA hai| pAsameM hI eka choTI pahADI hai, jisapara caDhane ke liye sIDhiyAM banI huI hai| Upara kaI guphAeM hai jiname bahutasI prAcIna pratimAeM hai| guphAmoMke AsapAsa 52 mandira hai| yahA~se bahutase muniyone mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| ___bhAtakulI-yaha atizaya kSetra amarAvatIse 10 mIlapara hai| yahA~ 3 di0 janamandira hai jinameMse ekameM zrIRSabhadeva svAmIkI panAsanayukta tIna phuTa UMcI mUrti virAjamAna hai| isakI yahA~ bahuta mAnyatA hai| prati varSa kArtika vadI pacamIko melA bharatA hai| ___ rAmaTeka-yaha sthAna nAgapurase 24 mIlapara hai| yahA~ di0 jainoke ATha mandira hai, jinameMse eka prAcIna mandirameM solahave tIrthadUra zrI zAntinAtha svAmIkI 15 phITa UMcI manojJa pratimA virAjamAna hai|

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vividha 325. rAjapUtAnA va mAlavA prAnta zrImahAvIrajI-pazcamI relavekI nAgadA-mathurA lAInapara 'zrImahAvIrajI' nAmakA sTezana hai| yahA~se 4 mIlapara yaha kSetra hai| yahA~ eka vizAla digambara jaina mandira hai, usameM mahAvIra svAmIkI eka ati manojJa pratimA virAjamAna hai| yaha pratimA pAsake hIeka TIleke andarase nikalI thii| ise jaina aura jainetara-khAsa karake jayapura riyAsatake mInA aura gUjara baDI zraddhA aura bhaktise pUjate hai| yAtriyoMkA sadA tAtA lagA rahatA hai / prativarSa baisAkha vadI ekamako mahAbIra, bhagavAnakI savArI riyAsatI lavAja ke sAtha nikalatI hai| lAkhoM mInA ekatra hote haiN| ve hI savArIko nadI taka le jAte hai| udhara gUjara tayAra khaDe rahate hai| mInA cale jAte hai aura gUjara savArIkoM lauTAkara lAte hai| phira gUjaroMkA melA bharatA hai|| ___cA~da kher3I-koTA riyAsatame khAnapura nAmakA eka prAcIna nagara hai| khAnapurase 2 phAgakI dUrI para cAMda kheDI nAmakI purAnI bastI hai| yahA~ bhUgarbhame eka ativizAla jaina mandira hai| isame aneka vizAla jaina pratimAeM hai| saba pratimAeM 577 hai| dvArake uttara, bhAgameM eka hI pASANakA 10 phuTa UcA kIrtistambha hai, isame cAroM mora digamvara-pratimAeM khudI huI hai, tIna tarapha lekha bhI hai| maksIpArzvanAtha-gvAliyara riyAsatame senTrala relavekI bhUpAla-ujjaina zAkhAmeM isa nAmakA sTezana hai| yahA~se eka mIlapara eka prAcIna jaina mandira hai / usame zrIpArzvanAtha svAmIkI DhAI : . U~cI padmAsana mUrti virAjamAna hai jo bar3I hI manojJa hai| isako dona' sampradAyavAle pUjate hai / parantu samaya niyata hai / suvaha 6 se 6 ta5 digamvara sampradAyavAle pUjate hai phira zeSa samaya zvetAmbaroke li. niyata hai| vijauliyA pArzvanAtha nImacase 68 mIlapara vijauliyA ra. sataha / vijauliyA gAMvake samIpame hI zrI pArzvanAtha svAmIkA ati

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jainadharma prAcIna aura ramaNIya atizaya kSetra hai| eka mandirame eka tAkake mahArAvake Upara 23 pratimAeM sudI huI hai| cAroM tarapha dIvAropara bhI muniyokI bahuta sI maniyA~ khudI huI hai| eka vizAla sabhAmaNDapa, cAra gumaTiyA~ aura do mAnastabha bhI hai| mAnastambhopara pratimAeM aura zilAlekha hai| zrIRpabhadeva (kezariyAjI)--udayapurasa karIva 40 molapara yaha kSetra hai| yahA~ zrIpabhadevajIkA eka bahuta vizAla mandira vanA huA hai| usake cAro mora koTa hai| bhItara madhyameM sagamaramarakA eka baDA mandira hai jisake 48 U~ce UMce zikhara hai| isake bhItara jAne se zrIRSabhadevajIkA vaDA mandira milatA hai, jisameM zrIRSabhadevako 6-7 phuTa U~cI padmAsanayukta zyAmavarNakI digambara jainamUrti hai| yahA~ kezara caDhAnekA itanA rivAja hai ki sArI mati kezarase Dhaka jAtI hai / isIliye ise kezariyAjI bhI kahate haiN| zvetAmbarokI orase mUrtipara bhAgI, mukuTa aura siMdUra bhI caDhatA hai| isakI vaDI mAnyatA hai| hono sampradAyavAle isakI pUjA karate hai| / AvU pahADa-pazcimIya relaveke bhAva roDa sTezanase Ava bahAr3ake liye moTareM jAtI hai / pahAr3apara saDakake dAI ora eka digambara jaina mandira hai, tathA bAI ora dailavADAke prasiddha zvetAmbara mandira bane hue hai, jinameMse eka mandira vimalazAhane vi0 saM0 1088 meM 18 karoDa 53 lAkha rupaye kharca karake vanavAyA thaa| dUsarA mandira vastupAla tejapAlane bAraha karoDa 53 lAkha rupaye kharca karake vanavAyA paa| saMgamaramarapara chInIke dvArA jo nakkAzI kI gaI hai vaha dekhaneko hI cIja ha / donoM vizAla mandiroMke bIcame eka choTAsA di0 jaina indira bhI hai| __acalagaDha-dalavADAse pAMca mIla acalagaDha hai| yahAM tIna vetAmbara mandira hai| unameMse eka mandirameM saptadhAnakI 14 pratimAeM

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vividha siddhavarakUTa- indaura se khaNDavA lAInapara moraTakkA nAmakA sTezana hai / vahA~ se oMkArajI jAte hai jo narmadAke taTapara hai / yahA~se nAvameM savAra hokara siddhavarakUTako jAte hai / yaha kSetra revAnadI ke taTapara hai / yahA~se do cakravartI va dasa kAmadeva tathA sAr3he tIna karor3a muni mukta hue hai / Una - khaNDavAse Una moTarake dvArA jAyA jAtA hai / 3-4 ghaMTekA rAstA hai / yahA~ eka prAcIna mandira hai jo saM0 1218 kA banA huA hai / do aura bhI prAcIna mandira hai jo jIrNa ho gaye hai / yaha kSetra kucha hI varSa pahale prakAzameM AyA hai| ise pAvAgiri siddha kSetra kahA jAtA hai / 327 bar3avAnI - bar3avAnI se 5 mIla pahAr3apara jAnase bar3avAnI kSetra milatA hai / vaDavAnIse nikaTa honeke kAraNa isa kSetrako vaDavAnI kahate hai vaise isakA nAma cUlagiri hai / isa cUlagirise indrajIta aura kumbhakarNane mukti prApta kI thI / kSetrakI vandanAko jAte hue sabase pahale eka vizAlakAya mUrtike darzana hote hai / yaha khar3I huI mUrti bhagavAna RSabhadevakI hai, isakI U~cAI 84 phITa hai| ise bAvana gajAjI bhI kahate hai / saM0 1223 meM isake jIrNoddhAra honekA ullekha milatA hai| pahAr3apara 22 mandira hai / prativarSa pauSa sudI 8 se 15 taka melA hotA hai / bambaI prAnta 6 tAraMgA - yaha prAcIna siddha kSetra gujarAta prAntake mahIkA~TA jile | meM pazcimIya relaveke tAraMgA hila nAmake sTezanase tIna mIla pahAr3ake Upara hai / yahA~se varadatta Adi sADhe tIna karoDa muni mukta hue haiM / yahA~para donoM sampradAyoke aneka mandira aura gumaTiyA~ hai / giranAra - saurASTa prAntameM jUnAgaDhake nikaTa yaha siddhakSetra vartamAna hai / jUnAgar3ha sTezanase 4-5 mIlakI dUrIpara girinAra parvatakI talahaTI hai, vahA~ donoM sampradAyoMkI dharmazAlAe~ hai pahAr3apara '

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jainadharma caDhane ke liye dharmazAlA ke pAsase hI pakkI sIDhiyA~ prArambha ho jAtI hai 1 aura antataka calI jAtI hai / 22 veM tIrthaGkara zrIneminAthane isI pahADake sahasrAna vanameM dIkSA dhAraNa karake tapa kiyA thA / yahI unheM 'kevalajJAna huA thA aura yahIse unhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| 'unakI vAgdattA patnI rAjulane bhI yahI dIkSA lI thii| pahale pahADapara pahu~cane para eka guphA meM rAjulakI mUrti banI huI hai| tathA digambara aura 'zvetAmbaroMke aneka mandira bane hue hai / dUsare pahAr3apara caraNa cihna hai yahA~se aniruddha kumArane nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| tIsarese zambhu kumArane nirvANa lAbha kiyA thaa| cauthe pahADapara caDhaneke liye sIDhiyA~ nahI hai isaliye usapara caDhanA bahuta kaThina hai / yahA~se zrI kRSNajIke putra pradyumna kumArane mokSa prApta kiyA hai aura pA~caveM pahADase ' | bhagavAn neminAtha mukta hue hai / saba jagaha caraNa cihna hai tathA kahI - kahI pahADameM ukerI huI jina mUrtiyA~ bhI hai| jaina sampradAyameM zikharajIkI taraha isa kSetrakI bhI baDI pratiSThA hai / 1 d' ' ' ' 328 zatruMjaya - pazcimIya relaveke pAlItAnA sTezanase |1|| -2 mIla talahaTI hai | vahA~se pahADakI caDhAI Arambha ho jAtI hai / rAstA sApha hai| pahAr3ake Upara zvetAmbaroMke karIba sAr3he tIna .! hajAra mandira hai jinakI lAgata karoDo rupayA hai / zvetAmbara bhAI saba tIrtho se isa tIrthako baDA mAnate hai / digambarokA to kevala eka mandira hai / pAlItAnA zaharameM bhI zvetAmbarokI 20-25 dharmazAlAe~ aura aneka mandira hai / yahA~ eka Agamamandira abhI hI banakara taiyAra huA hai usameM pattharopara zvetAmbaroM ke saba Agama khode gaye hai / yahA~se tIna pANDuputro aura bahutase muniyone mokSa lAbha kiyA thA / 8 pAvAgaDha - - - vaDodAse 28 molako dUrIpara cAMpAnerake pAsa pAvAgar3ha siddha kSetra hai / yaha pAvAgaDha eka bahuta vizAla pahADI kilA hai| pahAr3a para caDhanekA mArga eka dama kaMkarIlA hai| pahAr3ake Upara ATha disa mandiroke khaNDahara hai, jinakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA hai /

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vividha yahA~sa zrIrAmacandrake putra lava aura kuzako tathA anya bahutase muniyoMko nirvANa lAbha huA thaa| mAgItugI yaha kSetra gajapanyA (nAsika) se lagabhaga assI mIla para hai| vahAM pAsa hI pAsa do parvatazikhara hai jinamese ekakA nAma mAgI aura dUsarekA nAma tugI hai| mAgI zikharakI guphAoMme lagabhaga sADha tIna sau pratimAe~ aura caraNa hai aura tugIme lagabhaga tIsa / yahA~ aneka pratimAeM sAghumokI hai jinake sAtha pIchI aura kamaMDalu bhI hai aura pAsameM hI una sAdhuoMke nAma bhI likhe hai| donoM parvatoke bIcameM eka sthAna hai jahA~ balabhadrane zrIkRSNakA dAha saMskAra kiyA thaa| yahA~se zrIrAmacandra, hanumAna, sugrIva vagairahane nirvANa lAbha kiyA thaa| gajapanyA-nAsikake nikaTa masarUla gA~vakI eka choTIsI' pahADIpara yaha siddhakSetra hai| yahA~se balabhadra aura yaduvazI rAjAoMne mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| elorA-manamADa jaMkazanase 60 mIla elorA grAma hai| yaha ; grAma guphA mandiroMke liye sarvatra prasiddha hai| isase saTA huA eka pahAr3a hai| Upara do guphAeM hai, nIce utaranepara sAta guphAe~ aura hai jinameM hajAro jana pratimAeM hai| kuthalagiri-yaha kSetra dakSiNa haidarAvAda prAntameM hai aura vArsI TAUna relave sTezanase lagabhaga 21 mIla dUra eka choTIsI pahADIpara sthita hai| yahA~se zrIdezabhUSaNa kulabhUSaNa muni mukta hue hai| parvatapara muniyoMke caraNamandira sahita 10 mandira hai| maaghmaasme| pUrNimAko prativarSa melA bharatA hai| yahA~ gurukula bhI hai| ____ karakaNDukI guphAe~---zolApurase moTarake dvArA kunthalagiri jAte hue mArgame usmAnAbAda nAmakA nagara AtA hai, jisakA purAnA nAma dhArAziva hai| dhArAzivase kucha mIlakI dUrIpara 'tara' nAmakA sthAna hai| terake pAsa pahADI hai| usakI vAjUme guphAe~ hai| pradhAna guphA bar3I vizAla hai| isameM pAMca phuTakI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnakI kAle

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jainadharma veNUra - nadI ke kinAre yaha eka choTA-sA gA~va hai / gA~vake pazcimameM eka koTa hai| usake andara zrIgomaTa svAmIkI 31 phuTa UMcI pratimA virAjamAna hai / gA~vameM aneka jaina mandira hai / 332 velUra - haleviDa - velUra mora halevIDa, maisUra rAjyake hAsana nahara ke uttarame eka dUsarese dasa bAraha mIlake antarapara sthita hai / yahA~kA mUrtinirmANa duniyAmeM apUrva mAnA jAtA hai / eka samaya yaha donoM " sthAna rAjadhAnIke rUpameM mazahUra the Aja kalAghAnI ke rUpameM khyAta hai / donoM sthAnoMke Asa-pAsa jaina mandira hai| sabhI mandira digambara sampradAyake hai aura uccakoTikI kArIgarIko vyakta karate hai / zravaNa velagolA -hAsana jileke antargata jina tIna sthAnone maisUra rAjyako vizvavikhyAta banA diyA hai ve hai velUra, halevIDa aura zravaNa velagolA / hAsanase pazcimameM zravaNa velagolA hai jo hAsanase noTarake dvArA 4 ghaMTekA mArga hai| zravaNa velagolAme candragiri aura vindhyagiri nAmakI do pahAr3iyA~ pAsa pAsa hai| ina donoM pahADiyo ke bIcameM eka caukora tAlAba hai| isakA nAma belagola athavA sapheda nAlAva thA / yahA~ zramaNoM ke Akara rahaneke kAraNa isa gA~vakA nAma zramaNa velagola paDA / yaha digambara jainoM kA eka mahAn tIrtha sthAna hai / mauryasamrATa candragupta apane guru bhadrabAhuke sAtha apane jIvanake antima dina bitAneke liye yahA~ AyA thA / gurune vRddhAvasthAke kAraNa candragiripara sallekhanA dhAraNa karake zarIra tyAga diyA / candragupta gurukI pAdukAkI bAraha varSa taka pUjA kI aura antameM samAdhi dhAraNa karake iha jIvana lIlA samApta kI / '' vindhyagiri nAmakI pahADIpara gomaTezvarakI vizAlakAya mUrti virAjamAna hai / vindhyagirikI U~cAI cAra sau sattara phITa hai aura Upara jAneke liye sIDhiyA~ banI huI hai / kAkA kAlelakarake zabdoM meM mUrtikA sArA zarIra bharAvadAra, yauvanapUrNa, nAjuka aura kAntimAna hai / eka hI patthara se nirmita itanI sundara mUrti saMsArameM aura kahIM nahI /

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vividha itanI bar3I mUrti itanI adhika snigdha hai ki bhaktike sAtha kucha premakI bhI yaha adhikAriNI banatI hai| dhUpa, havA aura pAnIka prabhAvase pIchekI ora UparakI papaDI khira paDanepara bhI isa mUrtikA lAvaNya khaNDita nahIM huA hai| isakI sthApanA Ajase eka hajAra varSa pahale gaMgavazake senApati aura matrI cAmuNDarAyane karAI thii| isa parvatapara 'choTe bar3e saba 10 mandira hai| candragiripara caDhane ke liye bhI sIDiyA~ banI hai| parvatake Upara madhyameM eka koTa banA hai usake andara baDe-baDe prAcIna 14 mandira hai| mandirome bar3I-baDI vizAla prAcIna pratimAeM hai| eka guphA, zrIbhadrabAhu svAmIke caraNa cihna bane hue jo lagabhaga eka phuTa lambe hai| aitihAsika dRSTise yaha pahADI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki isapara vahutase prAcIna zilAlekha akita hai, jo mudrita ho cuke hai| / nIce grAmame bhI sAta mandira aura 13 caityAlaya hai / eka mandirameM citrakalAse zobhita kasauTI pASANake stama hai| yahAM bhI zrImaTTAraka cArukIrti jI mahArAjakI gaddI hai| unake mandirameM bhI kucha ranoMkI pratimAeM hai| bar3A acchA zAstra bhaMDAra hai| eka digambara jaina pAThazAlA hai| ___ isa prAntame anya bhI aneka sthAna hai jahA~ jaina mandira aura mUrtiyA~ darzanIya hai| ur3IsA prAnta khaNDagiri-uDIsA prAntakI rAjadhAnI kaTaka hai| kaTakake AsapAsa hajAro jaina pratimAeM hai| kintu uDIsAme jainiyoM kI saMkhyA kama honese unakI rakSAkA koI prabandha nahIM hai / kaTakase hI suprasiddha khaNDagiri udayagiriko jAte hai| bhuvanezvarase pAMca mIla pazcima purI jilemeM khaNDagiri udayagiri nAmakI do pahADiyA~ hai / donopara patthara kATakara aneka guphAe~ aura mandira banAye gaye hai, jo IsAse lagabhaga 50 varSa pahalese lekara 500 varSa bAda takake bane hue hai| udayagirikI

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334 banadharma hAthI guphAme kaliMga cakravartI jaina samrATa khAravelakA prasiddha zilAlekha aMkita hai| 4 jainadharma aura itara dharma jainadharmako Avazyaka bAtoMkA paricaya karA cukaneke bAda usakA itara dharmoke sAtha kyA kucha sambandha hai' Adi vAtoMpara bhI eka sarasarI, nigAha DAlanekA prayatna karanA anucita na hogA; kyoMki usase ukta vAtoMpara adhika prakAza par3ane ke sAtha hI sAtha jainadharmakI sthitiko samajhaneme tathA aneka bhrAmaka dhAraNAoMke dUra honeme adhika sahAyatA mila skegii| bhAratake dharmoMmeM hindU dharma aura vauddhadharma ye do hI dharma aise hai, jinake sAtha jainadharmakA gaharA jor3a-tor3a rahA hai| bhAratIya hone ke nAte tInoM hI sAtha sAtha rahe hai, pratyekane zeSa donoMke utArayA caDhAvaka dina dekhe hai, aura parasparameM prahAra kiye aura jhele hai, phira bhI ekI dUsareke Upara chApa par3e binA nahI rahI hai| 1jainadharma aura hindU dharma yahA~ hindUdharmase matalaba vaidika dharmase hai, jise sanAtanadharma bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoki aba yaha zabda isI arthameM rUr3ha kara diyA gayA hai| kahanake liye 'hindU' zabdakI aisI vyAlyAeM bhI kI jAtI hai jinata jainadharma bhI hindUdharma kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu eka to rUDhake sAmana yaugika zabdArthako kauna mAnatA aura jAnatA hai ? dUsare, una vyAkhyA oMke pIche prAyaH yaha bhAva pAyA jAtA hai ki janadharma hindudharmake nAma kahe jAnevAle vaidikadharmakI vidrohI kanyA hai| kintu jina niyama vidvAnona janadharmakA gaharA AloDana kiyA hai ve use bhAratakA eka svataMtra dharma mAnate haiN| dono dharmoke tattvoMpara daSTi DAlanase bhI yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai| tathA isa bAtakA nirNaya donoM dharmoka zAstroka Antarika sAkSIke AdhAraparahI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoki anya kAra bAhya pramANa aisA nahIM milatA jo isa samasyApara prakAza DAlasa

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vividha sabase prathama hama vaidika sAhityake kramika vikAsakA paricaye . bhAratIya dArzanikoMke sAhityake AdhArapara karAte hai jo upaniSadoMko hI sava darzanoMkA mUla AdhAra batalAte hai| itihAsajJoMne bhAratIya darzanakA kAla vibhAga isa prakAra kiyA hai-(1) vaidika kAla-1500 I0 pU0 se 600 I0 pU0 taka (2) paurANika gAthA kAla-600 I0 pU0 se 200 I. taka aura (3) sUtrakAla-200 I0 se aage| hindU dharmakI sabase prAcIna pothI veda hai| veda cAra hai Rka, yaju, sAma aura athrv| paurANikoMkA kahanA hai ki ina cAroM vedoMkA saMkalana vedavyAsane yajJakI AvazyakatAoMko dRSTimeM rakhakara kiyA thaa| yajJAnuSThAnake liye cAra RtvijoMkI AvazyakatA hotI haihotA, ugdAtA, adhvaryu tathA brahmA / hotA maMtroMkA uccAraNa karake devatAoMkA AhvAna karatA hai / isa matra samudAyakA sakalana RkvedameM hai| udgAtA RcAoMko madhura svarase gAtA hai isake liye sAmavedakA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| yajJake vividha anuSThAnoMkA sampAdana karanA adhvaryukA kartavya hai| isake liye yajurveda hai| brahmA sampUrNa yogakA nirIkSaka hotA hai, jisase anuSThAnameM koI truTi na rahe, usameM vighna na aaye| isake liye atharvaveda hai| isa prakAra yajJAnuSThAnako acchI tarahase karaneke liye bhinna bhinna vedoMkA sakalana bhinna bhinna RtvijoMke liye kiyA gayA hai| ___ vedake tIna vibhAga hai---matra, brAhmaNa aura upaniSad / maMtroMke samudAyako saMhitA kahate hai / brAhmaNa granthoMmeM yajJa yAgAdike anuSThAnakA vistRta varNana hai, inheM vedamaMtroMkA vyAkhyA grantha kahA jAtA hai| brAhmaNa granyokA antima bhAga AraNyaka aura upaniSad hai, inameM dArganika tattvoMkA vivecana hai| upaniSadoko hI vedAnta kahate hai| viSaya vibhAgakI dRSTise vedake do vibhAga hai- karmakANDa aura jJAnakANDa / sahitA, brAhmaNa aura AraNyakoMkA antarbhAva karmakANDameM

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336 jainadharma hotA hai aura upaniSadkA jJAnakANDame, kyoMki pahalemeM mukhyatayA tripAkANDako carcA hai aura dUsare meM mukhyatayA jJAnako / vedokA pradhAna vipaya devatAstuti hai, aura ve devatA hai agni, indra, sUrya vagairaha / Age calakara devatAokI saMkhyA vRddhihAra bhI hotA rahA hai| vicArakoM ke anusAra vaidika AryoMkA yaha vizvAsa thA ki inhI devatAoM ke anugrahase jagatkA sava kAma calatA hai| isIse ve unakI stuti kiyA karate the / jaba ye Arya loga bhAratavarSa meM Aye to apane sAtha una devI stutiyoM ko bhI lAye / aura jaba ve isa naye dezameM anya devatAoM ke pUjakoke paricayameM Aye to unheM apane gItoko saMgraha karanekA utsAha huaa| vaha saMgraha hI Rgveda' hai| kahA jAtA hai ki jaba vaidika Arya bhAratavarSameM Aye to unakI muThabheDa asabhya aura jaMgalI jAtiyose huii| java RgvedameM gauravarNa Arya aura zyAmavarNa dasyuoM ke virodhakA varNana milatA hai to atharvaveda meM AdAna-pradAnake dvArA dono ke milakara rahanekA ullekha milatA hai / isa samajhautekA yaha phala hotA hai ki athavaveda jAdU TonekA anya vana jAtA hai / jaba hama Rgveda aura atharvavedase yajurveda, sAmaveda aura brAhmaNoM kI ora Ate hai to hama eka vilakSaNa parivartana pAte hai / yajJa yAgAdikakA jora hai, brAhmaNa grantha vedo ke Avazyaka bhAga bana gaye hai kyoki unameM yAgAdikakI vivikA varNana hai, purohitoMkA rAjya hai aura Rgvedase RcAe~ lekara unakA upayoga yajJAnuSThAnameM kiyA jAtA hai / 'jaba hama brAhmaNa sAhityakI ora Ate hai to hama usa samayameM jA pahu~cate hai jaba vedoM ko IzvarIya jJAna honekI mAnyatAko satyarUpameM svIkAra kiyA jA cukA thA / isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vedakA uttarAdhikAra smRtike AdhArapara ekase dUsareko milatA AtA thA aura 1 iDiyana philosophI (sara esa0 2 iMDiyana philosophI ( sara esa0 rAdhAkRSNan) pR0 64, 1 bhA0 / rAdhAkRSNan ) pU0 129 /

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vividha 337 Adara bhAva banAye rakhaneke liye kucha pavitratAkA usase sambaddha honA jarUrI thaa| astu, brAhmaNa sAhityako dRSTime vaidika RcAoMkA dharma kevala yajJa thaa| aura manuSyakA devatAoMke sAtha kevala yAtrika sambandha thA aura vaha thA-'isa hAtha de usa hAtha le|| jaba hama AraNyakoMkI ora Ate hai, jinake bAremeM kahA jAtA hai ki ve vanavAsiyoke liye banAye gaye the to uname hame yajJAdi karmose utpanna honevAle phalake prati azraddhAkA bhAva dIkha par3atA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kore karmase logoko abhiruci haTane lagI thI aura cUMki yAgAdikase milanevAlA svarga sthAyI nahI thA ataH use Atyantika sukhakA sampAdaka nahI mAnA jA sakatA thaa| jaba hama upaniSadoMkI ora Ate hai to hameM lagatA hai ki 'upaniSadokI sthiti vedoMke anukUla nahIM hai / yuktikA anusaraNa karanevAle uttarakAlIna vicArakokI taraha ve vedakI mAnyatAke prati dumukhI DhaMga svIkAra karate hai / eka ora ve vedako maulikatAko svIkAra karate hai aura dUsarI ora ve kahate hai ki vaidika jJAna usa satya daivI parijJAnase bahuta hI nyUna hai aura hame mukti nahIM dilA sktaa| nArada kahatA hai-'mai Rgveda sAmaveda aura yajurvedako jAnatA hU~ kintu isase meM kevala maMtroM aura zAstroko jAnatA hUM--apaneko nahI jaantaa|' mANDUkya upaniSadame likhA hai-do prakArakI vidyAeM avazya jAnanI cAhiyeeka UMcI dUsarI niicii| nIcI vidyA vaha hai jo vedoMse prApta hotI hai kintu ucca vidyA vaha hai jisase avinAzI brahma prApta hotA hai|' vaidika, sAhityake isa vivecanase yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika Arya java bhAratavarSame Aye to unakA savarSa yahA~ke AdivAsiyoMse huaa| yadyapi 'kaTha upaniSad' (1-1-20) se upaniSatkAlame vaidika dharmase virodha rakhanevAle dArzanikoMkA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki upaniSatkAlase pahale vaidikadharmakA virodha 1 iDiyana philAsaphI (sara esa. rAdhAkRSNan) bhA0 1, pR0 149 / -

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310 saMtadharma karanevAle nahI the| kisI deza meM bAharase Akara bamanevAloM aura phira dhIre-dhIre usa dezapara adhikAra jamAnevAlo kI prAya. yaha pravRtti hotI hai ki ve usa dezake AdivAniyoMko jaMgalI aura ajAnI hI dikhAnekA prayatna karate haiN| aisA ho prArambhameM agrejone kiyA aura sambhavata aisA hI vaidika AryoM aura unake uttarAdhikAriyone kiyA hai| ve, aba bhI isI mAnyatAko lekara calate hai ki jainadharmakA udgama vauddhavake sAtha sAtha yA usase kucha pahale upanipatkAlake bahuta bAdameM upani padoat far AdhArapara huaa| jaba ki nizcita rIti se prAya abhI itihAsazIne yaha svIkAra kara liyA hai ki jainoke 23vaM tIrthaGkara zrIpArasanAtha jo ki 800 I0 pU0 meM utpanna hue ye eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa the / kintu ve bhI jainadharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM the / " sara rAdhAkRSNana apane bhAratIya' darzanameM likhate haiM-"jaina para parAke anusAra jainadharmake saMsthApaka zrI RSabhadeva ye jo ki zatAbdiyoM pahale ho gaye haiM / isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdImeM prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva kI pUjA hotI thI / isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vardhamAna yA pArzvanAtha se bhI pahale pracalita thA / yajurvedama RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthaGkaroM ke nAmokA nirdeza hai| bhAgavatapurANa isa vAnako puSTi karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharmake saMsthApaka the / " na aisI sthitimeM upaniSadokI zikSAko jainadharmakA AdhAra ba lAnA kaise ucita kahA jA sakatA hai ? kyoMki jise upanipadkAla kahA jAtA hai usa kAlameM to vArANasI nagarI meM bhagavAna pAkheM.. nAyakA janma huA thaa| eka dina kumAra avasthAme pArzvanAtha gaMgAkai kinAre ghUmane ke liye gaye the / vahA~ kucha tApasa paJcApi rahe the| pArzvanAthane AtmajJAnahIna isa kore tapakA virodha kiyA aura vatalAyA ki jo lakar3iyA~ jala rahI hai inameM nAga-nAginIkA 1 iDiyana philAsaphI ( sara esa0 rAdhAkRSNan) bhA0 1, pR0 287 1

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vividha 336 jor3A maujUda hai aura usake prANa kaMThagata hai| jaba lakaDIko cIrA gayA to bAta satya niklii| isa ghaTanA ke bAda hI pArzvanAthane pravrajyA dhAraNa kara lI thI aura pUrNa jJAnako prApta karake jainadharmake siddhAntokA upadeza janatAko diyA thaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAthase lagabhaga aDhAI sau varSake pazcAt mahAvIra hue aura unake bahuta hale bhagavAna RSabhadeva hue| ata jisa samaya vaidika Arya bhArata rSame Aye usa samaya bhI yahA~ RSabhadevakA dharma maujUda thA aura unake anuyAyiyoMse bhI vaidika AryokA sagharSa avazya huA hogaa| drAviDavaza lata bhAratIya hai aura dravir3a saMskRti bhAratIya saMskRti hai, kyoMki vir3a bhASAe~ kevala bhAratavarSame hI pAI jAtI hai| yaha draviDa saMskRti navazya hI jainadharmase prabhAvita rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai jo jainadharmame viDa nAmase bhI eka saMgha pAyA jAtA hai / drAvir3a vazakA eka pAtra ghara dakSiNa bhArata hI hai ata. unake samparkame vaidika Arya bahuta bAdameM Aye hoge| yahI vajaha hai jo Rgvedake vAdame sakalita kiye paye yajurvedame kucha jaina tIrthaGkaroMke nAma pAye jAte hai| ____ java vaidika dharma yajJapradhAna bana gayA aura purohitoMkA rAjya ho gayA to usake bAda hama janatAme jo usake prati bharuci pAte hai, jisakA ullekha Upara kiyA hai vaha Akasmika nahI hai kintu zuSka kriyAkANDakI virodhinI usa zramaNa saMskRtika virodhakA pariNAma hai jisake janmadAtA RSabhadeva the| usIke phalasvarUpa upaniSadokI racanA kI gaI, jinameM vedakA prAmANya to svIkAra kiyA gayA kintu usase prApta honevAle jJAnako nIcA jJAna batalAyA gayA aura AtmajJAnako UMcA jJAna batalAyA gyaa| isa prakAra upaniSadoMne UMce AdhyAtmika siddhAntakA pratipAdana to kiyA kintu vaidika kriyAkANDakA virodha nahIM kiyaa| sara rAdhAkRSNanke anusAra'-'jaba samayA AdhyAtmika siddhAntake prati eka niSThA cAhatA thA tava hama 1 iDiyan philAsaphI, bhA0 1 pR0 264-65 /

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342 jainadharmaM kriyAkANDa aura pracalita dharmase pUrI taraha pRthaka ho jAnA caahiye| bhagavad gItA aura bAdake upaniSadoMne atItakA hisAba baiThAnekAaura pahale se bhI adhika kaTTaratAse tarka viruddha siddhAnto ke sammizraNa karanekA prayatna kiyaa| isa prakAra upaniSadkAlake pazcAt pracalita dharmake ina ugrapanthI aura sthita pAlaka virodhiyoMke kendra bhAratake vibhinna bhAgoM meM sthApita hue- pUrvame vauddha aura jainadharmane paira jamAyA aura vaidika dharmake prAcInagar3ha pazcimameM bhagavadgItAne / " '' " ukta citraName jahA~ jainadharma aura bauddhadharmake utthAnakI bAta * AtI hai vahA~ hama sara rAdhAkRSNanko bhI usI purAnI bAtako duharAte hue pAte hai ki jainadharmane upaniSadako 'zikSAoM ko mAnA / kintu vaidikadharma aura upaniSada ke siddhAnto ke mizraNako tarkaviruddha batalAkara bhI aura yaha mAnakara bhI ki pArzvanAtha jainadharmake tIrthaGkara the jinakA / nirvANa 776 I0 pU0 meM hanA thA tathA jainadharmaM usase pahale bhI maujUda thA, ve upaniSadake una siddhAntoMko jo jainadharmase mela khAte hai, kintu vaidikadharmase mela nahI khAte jainadharmake siddhAntaM mAnaneke liye zAyada taiyAra nahI hai / kintu unhone hI vaidikakAlakA jo khAkA khIMcA hai usase to yahI pramANita hotA hai ki jaba vaidika kriyAkANDakA virodha huA aura janatAkI ruci usase haTane lagI to vaidikoMne apanI sthiti banAye rakhaneke liye apane virodhI dharmokI - jiname jainavamaM pramukha thA - AdhyAtmika zikSAoMke AdhAra para upaniSadokI racanA kii| kintu upaniSada bhI bAteM to adhyAtmakI pA karate the aura samarthana vaidika ferreuser hI kiye jAte the, jisake sva virodhI varAvara maujUda the| phalataH birodha baDhane lagA / isI samayake bi lagabhaga bhagavAna pArzvanAtha hue| unake upadezoMne bhI apanA asara dikhlaayaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke lagabhaga 200 varSake bAda hI vihArame mahAvIra aura buddhakA janma huA / vaidikavarma meM vicArazAstra ucca vidvAnoM ko hI vastu banI huI thI, parantu isa yugameM isakA 6

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vividha pracAra sAdhAraNa janatAme kiyA jAne lgaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAthane 70 varSataka sthAna sthAnapara vihAra karake janasAdhAraNameM dharmopadeza diyaa| isIkA anusaraNa mahAvIra tathA buddhane avAntarakAlameM kiyaa| apane AdhyAtmika vicAroMko vyAvahArika rUpa denekI tathA apane vicAroMke anurUpa jIvana yApana karanekI pravRttikI ora bhI isI yugameM vizeSa lakSya diyA gayA kyoMki ukta mahApuruSone aisA hI kiyA thaa| vaidika yugameM indra varuNa Adiko hI devatAke rUpame pUjA jAtA thA, / kintu ukta dharmoMme manuSyako unnata banAkara usame devatvakI pratiSThA, karake usakI pUjA kI jAtI thii| virodhiyoMke ina siddhAntoMne vaidika dharmakI sthitiko ekadama DAMvADola kara diyA thaa| usako kAyama / rakhaneke liye phira kucha naI bAtoko apanAnekI vaisI hI AvazyakatA: pratIta huI jaisI AvazyakatA upaniSadoMkI racanA honese pUrva pratIta huI, / thii| isI kAlame rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhAratakA udaya huA, aura rAma 1 sara rAdhAkRSNan likhate hai-"jaba janatAkI AdhyAtmika cetanA upanipadoMke kamajora vicArase, yA vedoMke dikhAvaTI devatAoMse tathA jaino aura bauddhoMke / / naitika siddhAntoMke sadigdha AdarzavAdase santuSTa nahIM ho sakI to punanirmANane eka dharmako janma diyA, jo utanA niyama-baddha nahIM thA tathA upaniSadoMke dharmase adhika santoSa prada thaa| usane eka sadigdha aura zuSka Izvarake badalemeM eka jIvita . mAnavIya paramAtmA diyaa| bhagavadgItA, jisameM kRSNa viSNuke avatAra tathA , upaniSadoMke parabrahma mAne gaye hai, pacarAtra sampradAya aura zvetAzvatara tathA bAdake anya upaniSadokA zavadharma isI dhArmika krAntike phala hai |"-i0 phi0 pR0|| 275-76 / dIvAnabahAdura kRSNa svAmI Ayagarane bhI isI tarahake vicAra prakaTa kiye hai| ve likhate hai-'usa samaya eka aise dharmakI AvazyakatA thI jo. / brAhmaNavarmake isa punarnirmANakAlameM bauddhadharmake viruddha janatAko prabhAvita kara sktaa| usake liye eka mAnava devatA aura usakI pUjAvidhikI AvazyakatA thoN| -enziyaTa iNDiyA, pR0 588 / prasiddha itihAsajJa sva0 mojhAjIne bhI likhA hai-"vauddha aura jainadharmake pracArase vaidikadharmako bahuta hAni phNcii| itanA hI nahIM, kintu usameM parivartana karanA pdd'aa| aura vaha naye sApemeM Dhalakara paurANika dharma bana gayA / usameM vauddha

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jainadharma 31348 isaliye vaha hindU dharmakI vidrohI santAna hai, sarvathA bhrAnta hai| janadharma eka svatatra dharma hai| usake Adya tIrthaGkara zrIRpabhadeva 'nthe jo rAma aura kRSNase bhI pahale ho gaye hai aura jinheM hinduoMne 'viSNukA avatAra mAnA hai| unhIke vicArokI jhalaka upaniSadome milatI hai| jaisA ki "upanipada vicAraNA ke nimna zabdose bhI 'spaSTa hai___ "upaniSadonA chevaTanA bhAgAM vedavAhya vicAravAlA sAdhuonA AcAravicAro araNyavAsiomA peThelA jaNAya che, ane temA~ jaina ane bauddha siddhAntonA prathama vIje ugyA~ hoya aima jaNAya che| udAharaNa tarIke "sarvAjIva brahmacakramA hasa eTale jIva bhame che, jIvadhana paramAtmA che, jIva je je zarIramA praveze che te te zarIramaya hoi jAya cha, keTalAka paramahasI "nirgantha ane zukladhyAna parAyaNa 'hatA" A vigere upaniSad vAkyoM zrImahAvIra pUrvabhAvI nirgrantha sAdhuoMnA vicAronA pUrva rUpa cha / janonA Adya tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva AvarganA, nirgrantha' sAdhu htaa| ane pAchala thI temane hindudharmIoe viSNunA avatAra mAnyA che|" : hindUdharma aura jainadharmake siddhAntomeM bahuta antara hai| jaina vedako nahIM mAnate, smRti granthoM tathA brAhmaNoke anya pramANabhUta anyoko bhI pramANa nahIM maante| isake sivA donome mahattvakA prabheda to yaha hai ki janadharmake dhArmika tattva aura unakI saraNi spaSTa aura nizcita hai, kintu hindUdharmameM paraspara virodhI aneka siddhAnta hai "aura ve saba apane sacce honekA dAvA karate hai / hindU jagatkA niyAmaka aura racayitA Izvarako mAnate hai, jainI nahIM maante| hindU yuga-yugame jagatkI sRSTi aura pralayako mAnate hai, jaina jagatako anAdi ananta se judo prakArakI hai aura ye dono samAna nahI ho sktii| donomeM jo samAnatA hai vaha kevala zAbdika hai| . 1pu0 201 /

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52 Gari dIrgha kAlataka eka hI kSetra meM phare kuThe he ata. ekA aMtara dUmarepara huA ho, yaha samaya nahIM hai / 3 jainadharma aura musalamAna dharma umA udayameM huA hindu banAdiyoM taka donoM bhArata ke nAte hai| aura eka dUgarepara anara bhI par3A hai ki agara to jaino kI sthApatya aura nikala par3A hai| sAtha gAya jenokI agara gugalamAnoM kI kAra bhI hai| kintu usane hamArA prayojana nahIM hai| hamArA prayojana to dhArmika netrame musalamAna dharmane jainagama ke kAra jo prabhAva DAlA hai unase hai| musalamAna dharmakA jainadharma ke kAra mahatramA asara to unake andara utpanna honevAle mUrtipUjA virodhI gampradAyorA janma lenA hai / musalamAnoM ke mUrtipUjA virodha aura mUrti rANDanane hI lokAgAha vagairahake cittameM isa bhAvanAko janma diyA, jisake phalasvarUpa sthAnakavAsI sampradAya aura tAraNapanyakI sthApanA huI / musalamAna dharmapara jainadharma kA asara batalAne hue pro0 glejanapane 'jainijma' nAmaka granyameM A furher. V. Kremer ke eka nibandhakA havAlA data hue liyA hai ki arava kavi aura dArzanika abula alAne (973 - 1058 ) apane naitika- middhAla jainadharma ke prabhAvamaM sthApita kiya the| isakA varNana karate hue marane likhA hai- 'abula alA kevala annAhAra karatA thA aura dUdha taka nahIM pItA thaa| kAraNa, vaha mAnatA thA ki mAtAke stanameMse bacce ke histekA dUdha bhI duha liyA jAtA hai isaliye ise vaha pApa mAnatA thA / jahA~ taka banatA thA vaha AhAra bhI nahI karatA thA / usane madhukA bhI tyAga kara diyA thaa| aMDA bhI nahI sAtA thA / AhAra aura vastrakI dRSTise vaha sanyAsiyokI taraha rahatA thA / pairameM lakaDIkI pAvaDI paharatA thA / kAraNa, pazuko mAranA aura usakA camar3A kAmameM lAnA pApa hai / eka sthAnapara

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23 vividha 353 vaha nagna rahanekI bhI prazaMsA karatA hai aura kahatA hai Rtu hI tumhAre liye sampUrNa vastra hai / ' usakA kahanA hai ki bhikhArIko paisA deneke badale makkhIko jIvanadAna denA zreSTha hai / * nagnatA, jIvarakSA, annAhAra aura madhukA tyAga Adi viSayoMpara usakA pakSapAta yaha vatalAtA hai ki isake vicAro ke Upara jainadharmakA, khAsa karake digambara sampradAyakA asara thA / abul alA bahuta samaya - : taka vagadAdame rahA thA / yaha nagara vyApArakA kendra thA / sambhava hai ki jana vyApArI vahA~ gaye hoM aura unake sAtha kavikA samvandha huA ho / 1 / . usake lekhoparase jAnA jAtA hai ki use bhAratake aneka dharmokA jJAna thA / bhAratake sAdhu nakha nahI kATate isa bAtakA usane ullekha kiyA hai / vaha murdA jalAnekI paddhatikI prazaMsA karatA hai / bhAratake sAghu citAkI agnijvAlAme kUda par3ate hai isa bAtapara avula alAko vahuta Azcarya huA thA / mRtyuke isa DhaMgako jaina avamaM mAnate hai / 'vana sake to kevala AhArakA tyAga karo' avula alAke isa vacanase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki use jaino ke sallekhanAvratakA jJAna thA / kintu yaha vrata vaha svayaM pAla sakatA itanA usakA AtmA savala nahI thaa| ina saba bAtose aisA lagatA hai ki avul alA jainoM ke paricayame AyA thA aura unake kitane hI dhArmika siddhAntoko usane svIkAra kiyA thA / . : 1 baila { 1

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kRta Somet 5. jaina sUktiyA~ 1 No logassesaNaM care / -AcArAga / artha - lokaiSaNAkA anusaraNa karanA -- logoM kI dekhAdekhI calanA cAhiye / 2 savve pANA piyAuA, suhasAyA dukkhapaDikulA appiyavahA piyajIviNo jIvikAmA, savveMsi jIviya piy| AnAraMga | artha- samasta jIvoko apanA apanA jIvana priya hai, sukha priya ve dukha nahI cAhate, vadha nahI cAhate, saba jInekI icchA karate 1 ( ataeva sabakI rakSA karanI cAhiye ) / 3 savve jIvA vi icchati jIviu na marijjiraM / tamhA pANavaha ghora NiggathA vajjayati Na || dazavaikAlika / artha-sava jIva jInA cAhate hai, koI bhI maranA nahI cAhatA / eva nirgrantha muni ghora prANivadhakA parityAga karate hai / * 4 Nissago caiva sadA kasAyasallehaNaM kurgAdi bhikkhU / sagAha udIrati kasAe aggIva kaTTANi // zivAyeM / artha --- parigraharahita sAdhu hI sadA kaSAyoM ko kRza karaneme samartha nA hai, kyoMki parigraha hI kaSAyoMko utpanna karate aura baDhAte hai, sUkhI lakaDiyA~ agniko utpanna karatI aura baDhAtI hai / 5 samasattuvadhuvaggo samasuhadukkho pasaMsaNidasamo / samaloTThakacaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo samaNo // kundakunda ! artha- jo zatru aura mitrameM sukha aura dukhame, prazasA aura nindAmiTTI aura sonemeM tathA jIne aura maraneme sama hai, vahIM zramaNasAghu hai / 6 bhAvarahioo na sijjhai jaivi tava carai koDikor3Ioo / jammatarAi bahuso laviyahatyo galiyavatyo / kundakunda / -

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356 jainadharma artha-vAstavame jIvoMkA vadha apanA hI vadha hai aura jIvopara dayA apanepara hI dayA hai| isalie viSakaNTakake samAna hiMsAko dUrase tyAga denA caahiye| 13 rAyadosAidIhi ya bahulijjA va jassa maNasalila / soNiya tacca picchai Na hu picchai tassa vivarImo / / -devsen| / artha-jisakA manojala rAga dveSa Adise nahI DolatA hai, vaha ... sAtmatattvakA darzana karatA hai aura jisakA mana rAgadveSAdika rUpI hirose DAMvADola rahatA hai use AtmatatvakA darzana nahIM hotaa| saMskRta 14 mApadA kathita. panthA indriyANAmasayama / tajjaya. sapadA mAgoM yeneSTa tena gamyatAm / / artha- indriyoMkA asayama ApadAoMkA-dukhokA mArga hai| aura unhe apana vazameM karanA sampadAokA--sukhokA mArga hai| iname / jo tumheM sve, usa para clo|' 15 heyopAdeyavijJAnaM no ced vyartha zrama zrutI / --vaadiimsiNh| artha-~~yadi zAstroko paDhakara heya aura upAdeyakA jJAna nahIM A, kisameM AtmAkA hita hai aura kisameM AtmAkA ahita hai yaha mijha paidA nahIM huI, to zrutAbhyAsameM parizrama karanA vyartha hI huaa|' 16 ko'ndho yo'kAryarata ko badhiro ya dhuNoti na hitAni / ko bhUko ya kAle priyANi vaktu na jAnAti / / praznottara rlmaalaa| artha-'andhA kauna hai ? jo na karane yogya bure kAmoMko karaneme na rahatA hai| baharA kauna hai ? jo hitakI vAta nahIM suntaa| |gA kauna hai ? jo samayapara priya vacana bolanA nahIM jaantaa|' 17 puNyasya phalamicchanti puNya necchanti mAnavAH / phala necchanti pApasya pApa kurvanti yltH|| gunnbhdraacaary| artha--'manuSya puNyakA phala sukha to cAhate hai kintu puNya karma karanA nahIM caahte| aura pApakA phala dukha kabhI nahIM cAhate, kintu rapako bar3e yatnase karate hai|

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jainadharma 24 AzAgataM pratiprANi yasmin vizvamaNUpamam / tatkiyad kiyadAyAti vRthA viparyapitA // -gugbhdr| artha-'pratyaka prANIkA AzArUpI gaDDhA itanA vizAla hai ki usake sAmane yaha pUrA vizva bhI aNuke tulya hai| aisI sthitimeM yadi sa vizvakA vaTavArA kiyA jAya to pratyeka hissameM kitanA kitana jaaygaa| ata viSayokI cAha vyartha hI hai|' handI25 rAga uda jaga andha bhayo sahahiM saba logana lAja gNvaaii| sIkha vinA nara sIkhata hai viSayAdika sevanakI sugharAI / / tApara aura raca rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinako niThurAI / andha asUjhanakI akhiyAnameM DArata hai raja rAma duhAI // bhUdharadA 26 rAga udai bhoga bhAva lAgata suhAvanese, vinA rAga aise lAga jaise nAga kAre hai| rAga hI sau pAga rahe tanameM sadIva jIva, rAga gaye mAvata gilAni hota nyAre hai| rAga soM jagatarIti jhUThI saba sAMcI jAna, rAga miTai sajhata asAra khela sAre hai| rAgI vina rAgIke vicArameM baDoI bheda, jaise bhaTA patra kAhU kAhUko vayAre hai // -bhUdharadAsa 27 jyo samudramai pavana te cahu~disi uThata taraga / tyo AkulatA sauM dukhita lahai na samarasa raga // -vRndAvana / 28 cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidhi to saba kAja sara jiyarA jii| geha cinAya karUM gahanA kucha, vyAhi sutA suta vATiya bhaajii|| ciMtata yo dina jAhiM cale jama Ani acAnaka deta dagA jii| khelata khela khilAri gaye rahi jAya rupI zatarajakI bAjI // -bhUSaradAsa - -

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kucha jaina pAribhASika zabda 2m . 140 78 134 mahat aghAti karma pRSTha 140 kSAyika bhAva madharma dravya kSAyopazamika bhAva anantakAya guNavrata antarAya karma guNasthAna bhAga bandha gotra karma apakarSaNa ghAti karma apratiSThita (vanaspati) cetanA abhavya cha Avazyaka 210 | jina jJAnAvaraNa karma 136 'kAza tIrthakara 112 118 | tIrtha kara kevalI sAya 68 darzanAvaraNa karma 140 dravya | deza ghAtI 2 - bhUla guNa 170 dravya 72 dravya karma dravya pUjA 116 draya-saMyama / dravya liGga 213 'karpaNa | dharma dravya nAmakarma 140 dIraNA nikAcanA 143 upazama | nipatti upazama zreNI 223 | nirjarA 131 audayika nizcayakAla auparAmika paMca parameSThI 116 132 / paca mahAkalyANaka 113 kArmaga vargaNA 133 / paramANu 67 / pAMca samiti 112 | pAriNAmika bhAva 221 sapaka zreNi 223 pudgala dravya 1. yahAM unhI zabdoko diyA hai jinakI paribhASA 'janadharma' pustakameM AI hai| *jya karma 134 12 143 220 210 / kAladravya vilI

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