Digambaratva Aur Digambar Muni

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Digambar Jain Sarvoday Tirth
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090155/1

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niyArakAralA aura digArUdAra suni ( lekhaka sva. zrIyut vAbU kAmatAprasAda jI jaina ema.Ara.e.esa.

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digambaratva aura viga-nara muni DIGAMBAAATVE AOUR DIGAMBAR MUNI paMcama saMskaraNa pratiyA~ 3000 prakAzakazrI digambara jaina sarvodaya tIrtha, amarakaMTaka, zahaDola (ma.pra.) artha saujanyazIlacandra jaina bhITAvAle zahapurA bhiTonI vIrendra (dhIrU) khovA vAle javAharagaMja, jabalapura aravinda jaina (cAMvala vAle) javAharagaMja, jabalapura mudrakaAnaMda siMghaI, siMghaI AphaseTa 869, sarAphA jabalapura phona - 341006, 343239

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| viSaya-sUcI pRSTha 20 33 37 39 71 73 1. digambaratva (manuSya kI Adarza sthiti) 13 2. dharma aura digambaratva 3. digambaratva ke Adi pracAraka RSabhadeva 4. hindU dharma aura digambaratva 5. islAma aura digambaratva 6. IsAI maz2ahaba aura digambara sAdhu 7. digambara jaina muni 8. digambara mani ke paryAyavAcI nApa 9. itihAsAtIta kAla meM digambara muni 10. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake samakAlIna digambara muni 11. nanda sAmrAjya meM disambara mata 12. maurya samrATa aura digambara muni 13. sikandara mahAn evaM digambara muni 14. suMga aura Andhra rAjyoM meM digambara muni 76 15, yavana chatrapa Adi rAjAgaNa tathA digambara mani 16. samrATa aila khAravela Adi kaliMga nRpa aura digambara muniyoM kA utkarSa 79 17. gupta sAmrAjya meM digambara muni / 18. harSavarddhana tathA hvenasAMga ke samaya meM digambara muni 19. madhyakAlIna hindU rAjya meM digambara muni 20. bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM digambara muni 21. dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara jaina muni 22. tamila sAhitya meM digambara muni 23. bhAratIya purAtatya aura digambara muni 24. videzoM meM digambara muniyoM kA vihAra 145 25. musalamAnI bAdazAhata meM digambara muni 148 26. briTiza zAsanakAla meM digambara muni 158 27. digambaratva aura Adhunika vidvAn 165 28, upasaMhAra 170 anukramaNikA 175 o 82 .86 103 111 123

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kRti ke nepathya se" ajita jaina bhAratIya saMskRti kI ati prAcIna do dhArAyeM haiM / vaidika saMskRti evam zramaNa saMskRti / donoM hI saMskRtiyoM prAcInatam va paurANika haiN| zramaNa saMskRti digambaratna evaM vItarAga mArga kI paricAyaka hai| vItarAgI munirAjoM kA varNana vaidika sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai / Rgveda, manusmRti Adi vaidika graMthoM meM digambara munirAjoM kA varNana vAtarasanA muni kI saMjJA se prApta hotA hai / paurANika sAhityavid to ziva ko digambaratva ke hI pratIka nirUpita karate haiM / zramaNa saMskRti jise digambara saMskRti hI kahA jAtA hai, ahiMsA, aparigraha, tapa, tyAga va saMyama kI zikhara yAtrA kI dyotaka hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne asi masi kRSi ke mUlyavAna siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana kara vyakti ke aMtaraga evaM bahiraMga donoM hI taloM para unnayana kI zikSA pradAna kI thI / bhAratIya saMskRti kA prAcIna itihAsa una vividha ghaTanAoM ko pradarzita karatA hai, jo vidhvaMsa, vinAza, yuddha eka AkramaNa kI ghaTanAoM se bharA hai| isa visaMgati ke bIca digambaratva kI avadhAraNA ne ahiMsA, zAMti, aura samatA jaise zAzvat siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana kiyA tathA bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra taka caubIsa tIrthakaroM ne apane jIvana ko nirgrantha niSpahitA, nirvastratA se abhibhUta kara tapasyA ke mArga meM lagAyA thA evaM digambaratva kI avadhAraNA, bhAratIya sAMskRtika cetanA kI dharohara bana gaI thI / vigata paccIsa sau varSo ke lagabhaga pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra digambara paramparA ke aMtima caubIsaveM tIrthakara hue hai| mahAvIra ke lagabhaga DhAI sau barSa pUrva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha teIsaveM tIrthakara the| unake pUrva jo bAIsa tIrthakara huye haiM, unakA samaya eka dIrgha aMtarAla kA hai astu sAmAnya jana bhagavAna mahAvIra se jaina dharma kA udbhava mAnate haiM, jo unakI bhUla hai | isI prakAra bhagavAna buddha ke baudhda dharma ko jaina dharma kAlIna thA samajhane kI bhI bhUleM sAmAnya evam satahI adhyayana karane vAloM se hotI hai / isa prazna ko prasaMga se pare na jAte huye digamvaratva aura digambara muni paramparA kA pratipAdana vizva jamIna dharmoM meM kahA~ huA hai, kina aitihAsika rAja gharAnoM meM digambara muni ko sammAnita kiyA jAkara unakI dezanA ko svIkAga gayA hai, isa para hI vicAra karanA hai / vizva sabhyatA meM jaina saMskRti evaM isake upAsaka - sAdhaka kucha kAraNoM se itara sabhyatA, saMskRti aura darzana ke jagata meM bhitra mAne jAte haiN| jaise, isake sAdhaka

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digambara arthAta nagna rahate haiN| isake upAsaka zAkAhArI evaM rAtri bhojana ke tyAgI hote haiM tathA isake ciMtana va darzana meM nara nArAyaNa nahIM banatA hai balki AvAgamana ke cakkara se mukta hokara mukta jIva ho jAtA hai / vizva sabhyatAoM evaM dharmo meM baisA ciMtana darzana nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / I digambara munirAjoM kI paramparA meM eka laMbA aMtarAla AyA lekina naye sau varSoM ke bhItara punaH digambara munirAjoM kI prabhAvanA ne AkAra prakAra pAnA prAraMbha kiyA hai 1 AcArya zAMti sAgara va AcArya aMkalIkara arvAcIna sabhyatA meM digambara munirAjoM kI zrRMkhalA meM agraNI huye evam tejI se digambaratva kI avadhAraNA ne dharma va sAdhanA ke jagata meM praveza karanA prAraMbha kara diyaa| vizva ke anekoM dharma tathA rAjagharAnoM se digambara munirAjoM ko svIkArane ke tathya ko samajhanA Aja ke isa pariveza meM aparihArya ho gayA hai ki ciMtana kI yaha dhArA evam saMyama va sAdhanA ko digambaratva jIvana zailI kA prAcIna itihAsa kyA hai evaM Aja ke pariveza meM usa upAdeyatA kyA hai / maMgala graha kI ora bhAgatI ye sabhyatA tathA deza bhara meM tejI se prabhAvanA meM sAdhanA rata digambara sAdhugaNoM kA bhAratIya sabhyatA meM jur3anA Akalana ke yogya hai| AcArya vidyAnaMda va AcArya vimalasAgara jI mahArAja sahita taruNa pIr3hI ke yuvA tapasvI AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja jaise lagabhaga 300-400 digambara munirAjoM ne isa ANvika sabhyatA va bauddhika unmAda se grasta vyavasthA ke bIca apanI vItarAgatA, digambaratva evaM aparigrahitA va zAMti, samatA, sahiSNutA sama bhAva kI ahiMsaka zailI ne cunautI prastuta kara dI hai / yaha kRti digambaratva aura digambara muni ukta pariprekSya meM paThana, ciMtana, va manana yogya hai / lekhaka svargIya bAbU kAmatA prasAda jI ne isa kRti meM jo parizrama evaM puruSArtha kiyA gayA hai vaha atulanIya hai, evaM isake purna- prakAzana hetu sarvodaya tIrtha samiti amarakaNTaka ke padAdhikArI gaNoM ne jo ruci pradarzita kI hai vaha prazaMsanIya hai| maiM jJAna dhyAna va tapa meM nirat mAnava utkrAMti ke mahAcetA, Atma anusaMdhAna ke vItarAgI yAtrI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke yugala caraNoM meM traya bAra namo'stu karate huye bhAratIya saMskRti ke prAgaMNa meM vartamAna meM vItarAgamArga kI sAdhanA meM ratU una samasta punirAjoM va sAdhugaNoM ko namana karatA hUM jo mAnava kI antaraMga evaM bahiraMga utkrAMti hetu Atma kalyANa kaisAtha mAnava kalyANa hetu sAdhanA rata haiM / aura kyA kahU~ - kyA likhU~ ? ajita jaina

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sAMskRtika cetanA manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| usakA gaurava, svAbhimAna, usakI prAcIna sabhyatA, saMskRti, sAhitya, sthApatya, vAstu, zilpa kalA meM nihita hai| kartha vaibhava sampanna zilpa manuSya ko pratiSThA se jur3e hue tathya haiN| prAcInatA itihAsa ko kaccI sAmragI hai| itihAsa rUpI bhavana kA nirmANa prAcInatA kI nIMva para hI hotA hai| jo samAja/jAti apanI prAcInatA kI rakSA nahIM kara pAI, usakA nAma itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM yA to milatA hI nahIM aura yadi milatA hai to kapola kalpanA ke AdhAra para vikRta itihAsa hI jana-mAnasa ke sAmane AtA hai, usa jAti kA dArzanika, saiddhAntika, tAtvika svarUpa hI badala jAtA hai| ataH pUrvajoM, saMsthApakoM, sthiti pAlakoM kI samUcI sAdhanA vyarthatA ko prApta ho jAtI hai tathA usa jAti ko sthiti vizva meM sadaiva baunI hI rhegii| bhale hI Arthika, audyogika sthiti vikAsazIla unnata ho / pratyeka samAja/jAti apanI paramparAoM/ saMskRti ko ucca prAcIna rahasyapUrNa satya ke nikaTa Adarza mokSamArga yukta siddha karane kA prayAsa karatI hai tathA anya samAja/jAti ko saMskRti roti avyAvahArika, akalyANakArI siddha karane kA prayAsa karatI hai aura jaba vaha isa prayAsa meM saphala nahIM hotI taba vaha jAti / samAja anya saMskRti para AkramaNa ke tevara apanAtI hai| AkamaNa ke prathama caraNa meM prAcInatA ko naSTa karanA tathA sAhitya ko samApta karanA hotA hai| digambara saMskRti sarvaprAcIna vikasita ahiMsA, aparigraha, tapa, tyAga ko pUrNa vyAvahArika rUpa dene vAlI evaM tIrtha, zilAlekha, zilpa, vaibhava tathA sAhitya sampatra vItarAga bhAvanA yukta tatvaniSTha, nizchala, zAkAhArI, karuNAmaya saMskRti hai| isI kAraNa yaha IrSyA AkramaNa kI pAtra rahI digambaratva aura digambara mujhe

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hai| isa saMskRti para do prakAra ke AkramaNa hue haiN| pratyakSa AkramaNa va parokSa aakrmnn| prathama AkramaNa kA svarUpa vidhvaMsakArI, hiMsaka, apamAnajanaka rahA hai| yaha AkramaNa vidharmiyoM dvArA huA hai tathA dvitIya AkramaNa kA svarUpa itihAsa tathA Agama meM parivartana karake rIti-rivAja, tatva, tathya meM saMdeha paidA karanA rahA hai| yaha AkramaNa yojanAbaddha prema mizrita chala, bhAIcAre evaM ekatA kI Ar3a meM dhana ke bala para mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ne apanI haThapUrNa zithilatA ke samarthana meM kiyA hai| . hamArI saMskRti ko janamata kA samarthana prApta hai tathA yaha saMskRti Aja bhI vizva ko Azcaryacakita karane vAlI prAcIna dharohara kI dhanI haiN| kintu AkramaNa se bacI huI sAmragI hamArI asAvadhAnI, upekSA, ane kAgratA, phUTa. mata-bheda, jAti-bheda, paMtha-bheda ke kAraNa surakSA kI AzA chor3a cukI hai tadhA jinAlaya ke avazeSa khaMDahara, athavA hastalikhita jinavANI dImaka kI grAma kahIM bIhar3a jaMgala meM par3e jinabimba apane una lAr3aloM kA smaraNa kara raheM haiM jinhoMne apane prANoM kI Ahuti dekara kabhI unakI rakSA kI thii| inako sampUrNa AzA bhAvI yuvAoM para TikI haiM, jo apane ApasI jAti, paMthagata bheda piTA kara prema, tyAga, samarpaNapUrNa saMgaThana ko bhAvanA digambara samAja meM jAgRta karake zArIrika, Arthika, bauddhika, rAjanaitika zakti ko saMcita karake 'digambarAHsahodarAH sarve sUtra vAkya ke AdhAra para rakSA kara sakate haiN| ataH digambara saMskRti kI maulikatA prApANikatA siddha karane hetu evaM aitihAsika purAtAtvikata, zauryatA, satyatA kI vAstavika jAnakArI karAne hetu yaha pustaka vAcU kAmatA prasAda jI ko amUlya nidhI hai| isakA punaH prakAzana ho aisI bhAvanA pApa pUjya AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI ko rahI hai| isa prakAzana meM unakA AzISa vacana maukhika rUpa se prApta hai tathA prakAzaka saMgaThana bhI dhanyavAda kA pAtra hai| digamparatva aura digamga muni

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. mere do zabda pichalI garmI ke dina the| "jaina mitra" par3hate huye maiMne dekhA ki zrI bhA, di. jaina zAstrArtha saMgha. ambAlA digambara jaina muniyoM ke sambandha meM aitihAsika vArtA ekatra karane ke liye prayatnazIla hai| yaha vipni par3hakara mujhe bar3A harSa huaa| inahAsa meM mujhe prema hai| maiM taba isa virsana ke phala ko dekhane kI utkaNThA meM thA ki eka geja mujhaM sagha ke mahAmaMtrI priya rAjendra kumAra jI zAstrI kA patra milaa| maMge utkaSTA cintA meM palaTa gii| patra meM mAMdhAnizIghra dimbA muniyoM ke itihAsa viSaya ko eka vRhata pustaka likha dene kI premA thii| usa preraNA ko yoM hI TAla dene kI himmata bhalA kaise hotI? usa para vaha pregNA vastutaH mAya kI AvazyakatA aura dharma kI pukAra thii| muni dharma mokSa kA dvAra hai. digambagvaM usa dharma kI kuJjI hai| nArAmA loga usa kutI ko tor3ane ke liye pAra karane ko utArU hoM, to bhatlA eka dharmavatsala kaise cupa rahe? bama, sAmarthya aura zakti kA dhyAna na karake bar3e maMkoca ke sAtha maiMne saMgha kA ukta prastAva svIkAra kara liyaa| usa svIkRti kA hI phala prastuta prastaka hai| pustaka kyA hai? kaisI hai? ina praznoM kA ugara denA pega kAma nahIM hai| maina to mAtra dharma bhAva meM prerita hokara 'satya' ke pracAra ke liye usako likha diyA hai| hindU-musalamAna-IsAI- yahUdI-patra hI prakAra ke loga use par3heM aura apanI buddhi ko tarka tarAju para tauleM aura phira dekheM, digamvaratva manuSya samAja kI bhalAI ke liye kitanI jarUrI aura upayogI cIja hai| isya rIta kI parakha hI unheM isa pustaka kI upayogitA batA degii| hA~, yaha likha denA meM anudita nahIM samajhatA ki akhila bhAratIya digambara muni rakSaka kameTI ne isa pustaka ko apane kAma meM sahAyaka pAyA hai| 'asambalo' meM digambara munigaNa ke nirbAdha vihAra viSayaka bila' ko upasthita karAne ke bhAva meM isa pustaka meM aMgrejI meM 'noTsa' taiyAra karAkara mAnanIya asembalo mambaroM meM vitaraNa kiye gaye the| vizvAsa haiM, upayukta vAtAvaraNa meM kameTI kA ukta digambAtva aura digambara pani

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prayatna saphala ho jAyegA aura usa dazA meM, maiM apane zrama ko saphala huA spjhNgaa| anta meM, maiM apane una mitroM kA AbhAra svIkAra karatA hU~ jinhone mujhe isa pustaka ko likhane meM kisI na kisI taraha utsAhita kiyA hai| saMgha ne kAphI sAhitya pere sAmane upasthita kara diyA aura pustaka ko zIghra hI prakAzita hone diyA, isake liye maiM upakRta huuN| yaha saba kucha pAI rAjendra kumAra jI ke utsAha kA pariNAma hai| impIriyala lAyabrerI, kalakattA Adi se mujhe jarUrI pustakeM par3hane ko milI hai, isaliye yahA~ unako bhI maiM bhulA nahIM sakatA huuN| "caitanya" presa ke mainajara bhAI zAnticandra ne AzA se adhika zuddha aura sundara rUpa meM pustaka ko chApA hai| ataH unakA bhI ullekha kara denA maiM Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| una sabakA maiM AbhArI huuN| AzA hai, pustaka apane uddezya ko siddha huA prakaTa karane meM saphala hogii| iti zam / vinIta anIgaMja (eTA) 25-2-1932 kAmatAprasAda jaina digambAtva aura digambara muni

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saMketAkSara-sUcI noTa- prastuta pustaka ko likhane meM jina graMthoM se sahAyatA lI gaI hai, unakA ullekha nimnalikhita saMketAkSaroM meM yathAsthAna kara diyA gayA hai| pAThakagaNa saMketAkSara kA bhAva isase jAna leN| ukta prakAra sahAyatA lene ke liye ina graMthoM ke lekhakoM ke hama AbhArI haiM : 1. 2. uttarapurANa bhASA kavi khusAlacanda kRti (zrI di, jaina maMdira bhaMDAra, alIgaMja ) | 3. hastalikhita grantha AThakarmanI 148 prakRtino vicAra-muni vairAgyasAgara kRta (zrI di. jaina maMdira, alIgaMja ) | paMcakalyANaka pUjA pATha - puni zrIbhUSaNa kRta (zrI di. jaina maMdira, alIgaMja ) / 4. bhaktAmara carita - kavi vinodIlAla kRta (zrI di. jaina maMdira, alIgaMja ) / bhAvatribhaMgI - jaina maMdira, alIgaMja (eTA) | 5. 6. mainapurI jaina guTakA - bar3A paMcAyatI maMdira, mainapurI meM virAjamAna / 7. yazodhara carita - kavi padmanAbha kAyastha viracita (zrI di. jaina maMdira, mainapurI) | 8. zrI jinasahastranAma - muni zrI dharmacandra kRta (zrI di. jaina maMdira, aliigNj)| 1. zrI padmapurANa bhASA - kavi khusAlacanda kRta (zrI di, jaina maMdira, alIgaMja ) | 10. zrI yazodhara carita - zrI somakIrti kRt| (zrI di. jaina maMdira, aliigNj)| saMskRta-hindI-gujarAtI Adi ke mudrita graMtha 1. aSTa- aSTapAhuDa, zrI kundakundAcArya kRta (zrI anantakIrti graMthamAlA, bambaI) | 4. 3. 2. AIna-i-akabarI phArasI) - navalakizora presa, lakhanaU (1893) | AcA. - AcArAMiga-- sUtra, zvetAmbara AgamagraMtha, zve. muni amolaka RSi ke hindI anuvAda sahita (haidarAbAda dakSiNa saMskaraNa) / Arogya. - Arogyadigdarzana, le. mahAtmAgAMdhI (bambaI, 1973) / digambaratva aura digambara muni (7)

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5. IzAdya.-IzAdyapTottarazatopaniSada Ed. W.L.Shastri-Paniskar (3rd.ed, Nirnaya-Sagar Press, 1925) / jaidha.- jaina dharma, pro. glAjenAppa ke jarmana graMtha kA gujarAtI anuvAda, (bhAvanagara, 1987 jaipra.-jaina dharma prakAza, le.bra.zItalaprasAda jo (vijanaura, 1927) / jaiprayalesaM.- jaina pratimA aura yaMtra lekha sagraha, le.bAbU choTelAla kalakattA, 1923) / 9. jaima.-jaina dharma kA mahattva, saM, zrI sUrajapala jI (bambaI, 1911) / 10. jaizisaM0 - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, le. pro. hIrAlAla (mA. n.bmbii|| 11, ThANA.-ThANAMga-sUtra, zvetAmbara Agama graMtha; zve, muni amolaka RSi kRta hindI anuvAda sahita (haidarAbAda sNskrnn)| 12. drasaM-dravyasaMgraha, zrI nemicandrAcArya kRta (S.B.J.Arrah 1917) / 13. dATA.- bauddhagaMdha, Ed Jr.R.L.Law (i.alivic i92511 14. dAma-dAnavIra mANikacanda, vra.zItalaprasAda (suurt)| 15. dijaiDA.- digambara jaina DAyarekTarI ( zrI kheparAja kRSNadAsa bambaI, 1914) / 16. dimu. - digambara pudrA kI sarvamAnyatA, ke.bhujala zAstrI (ArA, 2456) / 17. dimuni. -digambara puni, le.bA.kAmatAprasAda jaina (dillI. 1931 ii.)| 18. dIgha.- dIghanikAya (bauddha graMtha)-(Pali Texts Society Series) 19. deja.-devagar3ha ke jaina maMdira, le. zrI vizvambharadAsa gAyA 20. prAjailesaM.-prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, lekha, bA.kAmatAprasAda jaina (vardhA 1926) / 21. paMta.-paMcataMtra (iNDiyana presa li. pryaag)| 22. phAhyAna-phAhyAna kA bhArata bhramaNa (iNDiyana presa li. pryaag)| 23. bavi. -banArasI vilAsa, kavivara banArasIdAsa kRta (vambaI, 2432 vii.ni.sN.)| 24. baMprAjaispA.-bambaI prAnta ke jaina smAraka, bra. zItalaprasAda kRta { sUrata 1925) / 25, baMbiojaismA.-bagAla bihAra or3Isasa ke jaina spAraka, bra. zItalaprasAda jo kRt| 26. bhadra - bhadrabAhacarita, zrI udayalAla jI, (banArasa, 2437 vii.)| 27. bhapA.- bhagavAna pAirInAtha. le.bA. kAmatAprasAda jaina (sUrata, 2450) / digamvaratva aura gammara muni

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28. bhama0 - bhagavAna mahAvIra, le. bA. kAmatAprasAda jain| (sUrata 2455) / 29. bhamabu0 - bhagavAna mahAvIra aura pa. buddha, le.vA. kAmatAprasAda jaina (sUrata, 2453} 30. bhamI0 - bhaTTAraka mImAMsA (gujarAtI) (sUrata, 2438) | 31. bhAi - bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa, pro. IzvarIprasAda kRta (iNDiyana presa) / 32. bhAprArA. - bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna rAjavaMga, sA. zrI vizvezvaranAtha reu kRta bhAga 1 - 3 ( bambaI, 1920 va 1925) / 33. majeI - marAThI jaina loMkAce itihAsa, zrI anantatanaya kRta (belaga 1918 ii.)| 34. majjhimanikAya (bauddha graMthI (Pali Texts Society Series) 35. maprAjaismA0 - madhyaprAMtIya jaina smAraka, bra. zItalaprasAda jI kRta (sUrata) / 36. majaismA, madrAsa maisUra prAntIya jaina smAraka, bra. zItalaprasAda jI kRta (mUgna 2454) / T 37. mUlA. - mUlAcAra, zrI braTTakerasvAmI kRta 38. rakSA0-ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, saM. zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra (mA.gra., bambaI, 1982 / / 39. rAi0 - rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, rA. ba. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA (saMra 1982) / 40. lATI. - lATIsaMhitA zrI paM. darabArIlAla dvArA saMpAdita (mA... 1984) / 41. vira. - vidvaratnamAlA, zrI nAthUrAma premI kRta (bambaI 1912 I . / / 42. viko0 - vizvakoSa, saM. zrI nagendranAtha basu (klkttaa)| 43. vRjaiza- vRhat jaina zabdArNava bhA. 1 le zrI bA bihArIlAla jI na ( bArAbaMkI, 1925 ii.)| 44. vejai0 - veda purANAdi graMthoM meM jainadharma kA astitra zrI kula (dillI, 1930) | 45. sajai0 - sanAtana jaina dharma. zrI campatarAya kRta / 46. sAgAra - sAgAra dharmAmRta, saM. zrI lAlArAma jI (sUrata, 2442 / / 47. saMprAjaismA.- saMyuktaprAntIya jaina smAraka, zrI bra. zItalaprasAda jI ku~ / / pa 1923) 48. sUsa. - sUrIzvara aura samrATa, le. zrI kRSNalAla (AgarA, 1980 / / disambatva aura digambara mula :'21

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49. zrutA.-zrutAvatAra kathA, zrI indranandi kRta (bambaI, 2434 vIra ni. saM. 50. hubhA.-huyenasAMga kA bhAratabhramaNa, zrI ThAkuraprasAda zarmA (iNDiyana presa, prayAga, 1929 ii.)| patra-patrikAyeM 51. a.- anekAnta-mAsika patra, saMpAdaka zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra (dillii)| 52. jaimi. -jainamitra, bambaI prA.di.jaina sapA kA mukhapatra (suurt)| 53. jaisAsaM.-jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, traimAsika patra, saM. zrI jinavijaya (puunaa)| 54. jaisibhA, -jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, saM. zrI patrarAja jain| 55. jaihi. -jaina hitaiSI, saM. 'zrI nAthUrAma-zrI jugalakizora jI (bmbii)| 56. dijai. -digambara jaina, saM. zrI pUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA (suurt)| 57. purAtatva-gujarAtI traimAsika patra, saM. zrI jinavijayajI (ahmdaabaad)| 58. vIra-pA.di. jaina pariSada kA pukhapatra, saM. bA. kApatA prasAda jaina va paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla (bijnaur)| aMgrejI bhASA ke grantha 59. ADJB = A Dictionary of Jain Bibliography by V.S. Tank.(Arrah, 1916), 60. AGT = AGuide to Taxilla'-by Sir Johu Marshati (Calculta, 1918). Al = 'Ancicat India' by J.WMC, Crindlc (1877 & 1901). AISJ ='An Indian Sect of the Jainas' by Prof. Buhler (Londkar, 1303), 63. AIT = 'Ancient Indian Tribes' by Dr. B.C.Law (Lahore, 19266), 4. AR = 'Asiatic Researches', ed. Sir Willium Jones., Vol. III (1799) & Vol, IX (18409). 65. ASM = 'A Study of the Mahavastu' by Dr.B.C. Law (Calcutta. 1930). 66. Bernier = 'Travels in the Mergul Empire' by Dr. Francis Bernier (Oxford, 1914). 67. RS = 'Buddhistic Studies' by Dr.R.C.Law (Calculla, 1931). 68. CHI = 'Cambridge ]listory of Indian wol. 1, ed. Prol. EJ.Rapson, 1922. (10) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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79. 69. DJ ='Der Jainismus (German) by Prof. Dr. Helmutb Von Glasscnapp, Ph.D.Berlin, 1925. 70. EB = 'Encyclopaedia Britabica' 11th ed. Vol. XV). EHI = 'Early History of India' 4th, cd; by Sir Vincient Smith (Oxford, 1924), 72. Elliot = 'History of India as told by its Historians by Sir H.M. Elliot & Prof. John Dowson. Vol. 1 (1867) & III (Loodon, 1871). 73. HARI = 'History of Aryan Rule in India', by E.B.Havell. 74. HDW = 'Hindu Dramatic Works' by H,H, Wilson (Calcutta, 1901). 75. HG = 'Historical Cleanings' by Dr. B.C. Law (Calcutta, 1922). 76. HKL = 'History of Kanaresc Literature', by E. P. Ria (Calcutta, 1921). 1A = Indian Antiquary (Bombay). 78. THQ = 'Indian Historical Quarterly ed. Dr. N.N.Law (Calcutla), JBORS. = 'Journal of Bihar & Orissa Research society' cd, K.P. Jayaswal M.A.(Palna), 80. JG - Jaina Gazette', ed. Mr.C.S. Mallinath (Madrax). $1. JOAM = Jaina & other Antiquitics of Mathura' by Sir V. Smith. JRAS = 'Journal of thC/ Royal Asiatic Society (London). 83. JS = laina Sutras' cd. Prof. H.Jacobi (S.B.E., XLV). 84. KK = Key of Knowledge, by Mr. C.R.Jain (3rd cd. 1928). 85. LWB = 'Life & Work of Buddhaghosha' by Dr. B.C.Law (Calcutta). 86. NJ = 'Nudity of the Jaina Saints' by Mr. C.R.Jain (Delbi, 1931). #7. OI1 = Original Inhabitants of India' by G.Oppert (Madras, 1893). 88. Oxford = 'Oxford History of India' by Sir Vincent A Smith (Oxford. 1917). 89. PB = 'Psalms of Brethrca', ed. Mrs. Rhys Davids (London, 1913). 90. 'PS = 'Panchastikaya-sara (S.B.J., Arrah) ed. Prof. A.Chakraverty. 91. QUMS = Quarterly Journal of the Mythix sexcicly' (Bangalore). 92. QKM = 'Questions of King Milinda' by TW.Rhy Davids (S.BE, VOL XXXV) 93. Rishabh = 'Rishalhadco, thc Founder of Jainism' by Mr, C.R. Jain (Allahabad, 1929). 94. SAJ = 'Ancient India' by Prof. S.K. Aiyangar. M.A.(London 1911). digamparatva aura digambara muni

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95. 46. S.C. - 'Sumu Contributions of Seruth Indian ('utulre' by Prof. S.K. Aiyangar (1923), SPCIV = Survival of the Prchistoric Civilisation of the Indus Valley' by R.R.Ramprasad i handa B.A.(Cakula. 1924). - 'Siun... S U 1.:Jia. Juusisz is . M.S. Ramaswami Ayyanyar M.A. & B. Seshagiri Rau M.A.Madras. 22). 47. (12) digambAtva aura digambara muni

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OM namaH siddhebhyaH digambaratva aura digambara muni _[1] | digambaratva (manuSya kI Ardaza sthiti) "manuSya mAtra ko Adarza sthiti digambara hI hai| Adarza manuSya sarvathA nirdoSa hotA hai-vikArazUnya hotA hai|" -mahAtmA gA~dhI "prakRti kI pukAra para jo loga dhyAna nahIM dete, unheM taraha-taraha ke roga aura duHkha ghera leta hai, parantu pavitra prAkRtika jIvana bitAne vAle jaMgala ke prANI rogamukta rahate haiM aura manupya ke durguNoM aura pApAcAroM se bace rahate haiN|" -riTarna Tu necara digambagtva prakRti kA rUpa hai| vaha prakRti kA diyA huA manuSya kA veSa hai| Adama aura havA isI rUpa meM rahe the| dizAyeM hI unake ambara the-vasvavinyAsa unakA yahI prakRtidatta nagnatva thaa| vaha prakRti ke aMcala meM mukha kI nIMda sote aura Ananda reliyA karate the| isaliye kahate haiM ki manuSya ko Adarza sthiti digambara hai| nagna rahanA hI unake liye zreSTha hai| isameM usake liye aziSTatA aura asabhyatA kI koI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki digambaratva athavA nagnatva svayaM aziSTa athavA asatya vastu nahIM hai| vaha to manuSya kA prAkRta rUpa hai| IsAI matAnusAra Adama aura halyA naMge rahate hue kabhI na lajAye aura na ve vikAra ke caMgula meM phaMsakara apane sadAcAra se hAtha dho baitthe| kintu jaba unhoneM burAI-bhalAI, pApa-puNya kA varjita phala khA liyA to ve apanI prAkRta dazA ko kho baiThe aura unakI saralatA jAtI rhii| ve saMsAra ke sAdhAraNa prANI ho gye| bacce ko lIjiye. use kabhI bhI apane nagnatva ke kAraNa lajjA kA anubhava nahIM hotA aura na usake mAtA-pitA athavA anya loga hI usakI nagnatA para nAka-bhauM sikor3ate haiN| azakta rogI kI paricaryA strI yA dhAya digambarAya aura digambara muni

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karatI hai - vaha rogI apane kapar3oM kI sAra-saMbhAla svayaM nahIM kara pAtA, kintu strI yA zrAya rogI kI saba sevA karate hue jarA bhI aziSTatA athavA lajjA kA anubhava nahIM krtii| yaha kucha udAharaNa haiM jo isa bAta ko spaSTa karate haiM ki nagnatva vastutaH koI burI cIja nahIM hai| prakRti bhalA kabhI kisI jamAne meM burI huI bhI hai ? to phira manuSya naMgepana se kyoM jhijhakatA hai? kyoM Aja loga naMgA rahanA sAmAjika maryAdA ke liye aziSTa aura ghAtaka samajhate haiM? ina praznoM kA eka sIdhA sA uttara hai- "Aja manuSya kA naitika patana carama sImA ko pahu~ca cukA hai, vaha pApa meM itanA sanA huA hai ki use manuSya ko Ardaza sthiti digambaratna para ghRNA AtI hai| apanepana ko gaMvAkara pApa ke parde meM kapar3oM kI Ar3a lenA hI usane zreSTha samajhA hai|" kintu vaha bhUlatA hai, pardA pApa kI jar3a hai - vaha gaMdagI kA Dhera hai| basa, jo jarA sI samajha yA viveka se kAma lenA jAnatA hai, vaha gaMdagI ko nahIM apanA sakatA aura na hI apanI Adarza sthiti digambaratva se cir3ha sakatA hai| vastroM kA paridhAna manuSya ke lie lAbhadAyaka nahIM hai aura na vaha Avazyaka ho hai| prakRti ne prANImAtra ke zarIra kA gaThana isa prakAra kiyA hai ki yadi vaha prAkRta veza meM rahe to usakA svAsthya nIroga aura zreSTha ho tathA usakA sadAcAra bhI utkRSTa rhe| jina vidvAnoM ne una bhIla AdikoM ko adhyayana kI dRSTi se dekhA hai, jo naMge rahate haiM, ve isI pariNAma para pahu~ce haiM ki una prAkRta veSa meM rahane vAle 'jaMgalI' logoM kA svAsthya zaharoM meM basane vAle sabhyatAbhiyAna janoM aba hotA hai, aura AcAra-vicAra meM bhI ve zaharavAloM se bar3he - car3he hote haiN| isa kAraNa ve eka vastra paridhAna kI pradhAnatA yukta sabhyatA ko uccakoTi para pahuMcate svIkAra nahIM krte|" unakA yaha kathana hai bhI ThIka, kyoMki prakRti kI hor3a kRtrimatA nahIM kara sktii| mahAtmA gA~dhI ke nimna zabda bhI isa viSaya meM dRSTavya haiM "vAstava meM dekhA jAya to kudarata ne carma ke rUpa meM manuSya ko yogya pozAka pahanAI hai| nagna zarIra kurUpa dikhAI par3atA hai, aisA mAnanA hamArA bhrama pAtra hai| uttama - uttama saundarya ke citra to nagna dazA meM hI dikhAI par3ate haiN| pozAka se sAdhAraNa aMgoM ko Dhakakara hama mAnoM kudarata ke doSoM ko dikhalA rahe haiN| jaise-jaise hamAre pAsa jyAdA paise hote jAte haiM, vaise ho vaise hama sajAvaTa bar3hAte jAte haiN| koI kisI bhAMti aura koI kisI bhA~ti rUpavAna bananA cAhate haiM aura bana-Thana kara kA~ca 1. "Taving given some study to the subject. I may say thal Rev. JF. Wilkinson's remarks upon the superior morality of the races that do not wear clothes is fully bure out by the testimony of the travellers... is true that wearing of clothes goes with a higher state of the arts and to that extent with civilisation: but it is on the other hand attended by a lower state of health and morality so that no clothed civilisation can expect to attain to a high rank. -"Daily News. London" of 18th April, 1913. 11 (14) digambarAtva aura digambara muni 1

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meM muMha dekha prasanna hote haiM ki 'vAha! maiM kaisA khubasUrata hU~! bahuta dinoM ke aise hI abhyAsa se agara hamArI dRSTi kharAba na ho gaI ho to hama turanta dekha sakeMge ki manuSya kA uttama se uttama rUpa usakI nagnAvasthA meM hI hai aura usI meM usakA bhAgya hai|" isa prakAra saundarya aura svAsthya ke lie digambaratva athavA nagnatva eka mUlyapayo vastu hai, kintu usakA vAstavika pUlya to mAnava-samAja meM sadAcAra kI sRSTi karane meM hai| nagnatA aura sadAcAra kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| sadAcAra ke binA nagnatA kaur3I pola kI nahIM hai| naMgA mana aura naMgA tana hI manuSya ko Adarza sthiti hai| isake viparIta gandA mana aura naMgA tana to nirI pazutA hai| use kauna buddhimAna svIkAra karegA? logoM kA khyAla hai ki kapar3e-latte pahanane se manuSya ziSTa aura sadAcArI rahatA hai| kinta bAta vAstava meM isake baraaksa (viparIta) hai| kapar3e-latte ke sahAre to manuSya apane pApa aura vikAra ko chapA letA hai| dargaNoM aura darAcAra kA AgAra banA rahakara bhI vaha kapar3e kI oTa meM pAkhaNDa rUpa banA sakatA hai, kintu digambara veSa meM yaha asambhava hai| zrI zukrAcArya jI ke kathAnaka se yaha bilkula spaSTa hai-zukrAcArya yuvA the, para digambara veSa meM rahate the| eka roja vaha vahA~ se jA nikale jahA~ tAlAba meM kaI deva-kanyAyeM naMgI hokara jala-krIr3A kara rahI thiiN| unake naMge sana ne deva-ramaNiyoM meM kucha bhI kSodha utpanna na kiyaa| ve jaisI kI taisI nahAtI rahIM aura zukrAcArya nikale apanI dhuna meM cale gye| isa ghaTanA ke thor3I dera bAda zukrAcArya ke pitA vahA~ A nikle| unako dekhate hI deva-kanyAyeM nahAnA-dhonA bhUla gii| ve jhaTapaTa jala ke bAhara nikalI aura unhoMne apane vastra pahana liye| eka naMge yuvA ko dekhakara to unheM glAni aura lajjA na AI kintu eka vRddha ziSTa se dikhate 'sajjana' ko dekhakara ve lajA gii|bhlaa isakA kyA kAraNa? yahI na ki naMgA yuvA apane mana meM bhI naMgA thaa| use vikAra ne nahIM A gherA thaa| isake viparIta usakA vRddha aura ziSTa pitA vikAra se rahita na thaa| vaha apane ziSTa veSa (2) meM isa vikAra ko chipAye rakhane meM saphala thaa| kintu digambara yuvA ke lie vaisA karanA asaMbhava thaa| isI kAraNa vaha nirvikArI aura sadAcArI thaa| ataH kahanA hogA ki sadAcAra kI mAtrA naMge rahane meM adhika hai| naMgApana digambaratva kA AbhUSaNa hai| vikAra-bhAva ko jIte binA hI koI naMgA rahakara prazaMsA nahIM pA sktaa| vikArI honA digambaratva ke lie kalaMka hai, na vaha sakhI ho sakatA hai aura na use viveka-netra mila sakatA hai| isIliye bhagavat kundakundAcArya kahate haiM Naggo pAvaha dukkhaM Naggo saMsArasAgare bhpii| . Naggo Na lAI bohi. jiNabhAvaNajjio sdrN|| 1. Arogya, pR. 57 2. bhAva pAhui 68 gAthA-aSTa., pR. 209-210 / digambaratva aura digambara pani (17

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bhAvArtha- naMgA duHkha pAtA hai. vaha saMsAra-mAgara meM bhramaNa karatA hai, use bodhi, vajJAna draSTi prApta nahIM hotI, kyoMki naMgA hote hue bhI vaha jina-bhAvanA se dUra hai| isakA matalaba yahI hai ki jina-bhAvanA meM yukna nagnatA hI pUjya hai- upayogI hai aura jina-bhAvanA se matalaba rAgadvepAdi vikAra bhAvoM ko jIta lenA hai| isa prakAra nagA rahamA umI ke lie upAdeya hai jo gagadveSAdi vikAra-bhAvoM ko jItane meM laga gayA hai - prakRti kA hokara prAkRta veSa meM raha rahA hai| saMsAra ke pApa-puNya, bugaI-bhalAI kA jiye bhAna taka nahIM hai, vahI digambarana dhAraNa karane kA adhikArga hai aura cU~ki sarvamAdhAraNa gRhasthoM ke liye isa pApocca sthiti ko prApta kara lenA sugapa nahIM hai, isaliye bhAratIya RpiyoM ne isakA vidhAna gRhatyAgI araNyavAsI sAdhuoM ke liye kiyA hai| digambara muni hI digambaratva ko dhAraNa karane ke adhikArI haiM, yadyapi yaha bAta jarUra hai ki digambaratva panuSya kI Adarza sthiti hone ke kAraNa mAnava-samAja ke patha-pradarzaka zrI bhagavAna Rpabhadeva ne gRhasthoM ke liye bhI pahine ke parva dinoM pe naMge rahane kI AvazyakatA kA nirdeza kiyA thA aura bhAratIya gRhastha unake isa upadeza kA pAlana eka bar3e jamAne taka karate the| isa prakAra ukta vaktavya se yaha spaSTa hai ki digambaratva manuSya kI Adarza sthiti hai-Arogya aura sadAcAra kA vaha ghopaka hI nahIM janaka hai| kintu Aja kA saMsAra itanA pApa tApa se jhulasa gayA hai ki usa para ekadama digambara vAri (janma) DAlA nahIM jA sktaa| jinheM vijJAna-dRSTi narasIva ho jAtI hai. vahI abhyAsa karaka eka dina nirvikArI digambara pani ke vepa meM vicarate hue dikhAI par3ate haiN| unako dekhakara logoM ke mastaka svayaM ka jAte haiN| ve prajJA-paJja aura tapodhana loka-kalyANa meM nirata rahate haiN| zrI-puruSa, bAlaka-vRddha, UMca-nAna, pazu-pakSI saba hI prANI unake divya rUpa meM sukha-zAnti kA anubhava karate haiN| bhalA prakRti pyArI kyoM na ho? digambaratva sAdhu prakRti ke anurUpa hai| unakA kisI se dvepa nahIM, ne to sabake haiM,aura saba unake haiM, ve sarvapriya aura sadAcAra kI pUrti hote haiN| __yadi koI digambara hokara bhI isa prakAra jina-bhAvanA se yukta nahIM hai to jainAcArya kahate haiM ki unakA nagna veSa dhAraNa karanA nirarthaka hai-pagmoddezya se vaha bhaTakA huA hai| isa loka aura paraloka, donoM hI usake naSTa haiN| basa, digambaratva bahIM zodhanIya hai, jahA~ paramodezya dRSTi se ojhala nahIM kiyA gayA hai| taba hI to vaha manuSya ko Adarza sthiti hai| 1. sAgAra: a. 7 zloka 7 va thamabu. pR.205-205| 2. niraTThiyA nagnarUI u tasma, je uttamaTThaM vibjaarsmei| ime bise natthi pare biloe, duhao bise jhijjai tathya loe / 49 / " -uttarAdhyayana sUtra vyA. 20 in vain he adoptos. askedness, who errs alwul nhalters ofparatiount interest. ncider this world oor die next will he his. ile la alkurin luth rexxcc18 in the world -J.IIP. 100 digambaratva aura digambara pani

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[2] __ dharma aura digambaratva | NiccelapANipatnaM uvAidvaM prmjinnvriNdehi| ekko vi mokkhamago sesA ya amaggayA savve / / 10 / / arthAta-acalaka-nagnarUpa aura hAthoM ko bhojanapAtra banAne kA upadedA jiranTa ne diyA hai| yahI eka mokSa-dharma mArga hai| isaka AMtarika zeSa saba amArga haiN| mI dhatthu saMhAvI - dharma vastu kA svabhAva aura digambaraca panuSya kA nirUpa hai, usakA prAkRta svabhAva hai| isa dRSTi se managya ke liye digambaranya paramApAdaya dharma hai| dharma aura digambagtva yahAM kucha bhada hI nahIM rhtaa| sancanaca sadAcAra ke AdhAra para TikA huA digaramyarattya dharma ke miyA aura kucha hI kyA makatA hai? jIvAtmA apane dharma ko gAya haye hai| laukika dRSTi se deNiye yA AdhyAtmika meM, jIvAtmA bhavabhrapAga ke cakkara meM par3akara apane svabhAva meM hAtha dhoye baiThA hai| loka meM vaha naMgA AyA hai phira 1] samAja-maryAdA ke kRtrima bhaya ke kAraNa vaha apane rUpa (nagnAca) ko khuzI-khuzo chor3a baiTatA hai| isI taraha kAma svabhAva meM maccidAnanda rUpa hote ye bhI samAra kI mAyA-mamanA meM par3akara usa svAn bhavAnanda me vaMcita hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa jIvAtmA kI rAga-dveSa janita giti hai| gaga-dveSamayoM bhAvoM se prerita hokA vaha apane pana, vacana aura kAya ko kriyA tadvata karatA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki usa jIvAtmA meM loka bharga huI pAlaka karma-vargaNArya AkAra cipaTa jAnA hai aura unakA AvaraNa jAcAtmA ke jJAna-darzana Adi gaNoM ko prakaTa nahIM hone detaa| jitane aMza AvaraNa kama yA jyAdA hote haiM utane hI azo meM AtmA ke svAbhAcika gaNoM kA kapa yA jyAdA makAna prakaTa hotA hai| yadi jIvAtmA apane svabhAva ko pAnA cAhatA hai to use ina saba hI karma sambandhI AcaraNoM kA nATa kara denA hogA, jinakA naSTa kara denA asabhava hai| isa prakAra jIvAtmA ke dharma-svabhAva ke ghAtaka unake paudaganika sambandha haiN| jIvAtmA ko Atma-mbAnaJca prApta karane ke lie isa para- mambandha ko vilkana chor3a denA hogaa| pArthiva magarga se ume achna ho jAnA hogaa| loka aura AtmA dAna hI kSetro meM vaha ekamAtra apane uddezya-prApti ke liya mAta udyogI rhaa| bAharI aura bhItarI mana hI prapacI meM usakA koI saMgakAra na hogaa| parigraha nAmamAtra ko vahana rakha sNkgaa| yathAjAtarUpa meM rahakara vaha apane vibhAvapayI gagAdi kapAya sAoM ko 1. ASTa., sUtrapAtuGa -10 digambaratya aura digambA mani 171

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naSTa karane para tula pdd'egaa| jJAna aura dhyAna rUpI zastra lekara vaha karma-sambandhoM ko bilkula naSTa kara degA aura taba vaha apane svarUpa ko pA legaa| kintu yadi vaha satya mArga se jarA bhI vicalita huA aura bAla barAbara parigraha ke moha meM jA par3A to usakA kahIM ThikAnA nhiiN| isIliye kahA gayA hai ki bAlaggakoDimattaM pariggagaNaM paNa hor3a sAhUNaM / bhujei pANipatte diNNaNaM ikkaThANammi // 17 // bhAvArtha - bAla ke agrabhAga (noMka) ke barAbara bhI parigraha kA grahaNa sAdhu ke nahIM hotA hai| vaha AhAra ke liye bhI koI bartana nahIM rakhatA hAtha hI usake bhojanapAtra haiN| aura bhojana bhI vaha dUsare kA diyA huA, eka sthAna para aura eka bAra hI aisA grahaNa karatA hai jo prAsuka hai - svayaM usake liye na banAyA gayA ho| - aba bhalA kahiye, jaba bhojana se bhI koI mamatA na rakhI gaI dUsare zabdoM meM, jaba zarIra se hI mamatva haTA liyA gayA taba anya parigraha digambara sAdhu kaise rakhegA? use rakhanA bhI nahIM cAhiye, kyoMki use to prakRtirUpa Atma-svAtaMtrya prApta karanA haiM, jo saMsAra ke pArthiva padArthoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| isa avasthA meM vaha vastroM kA paridhAna bhI kaise rakhegA? vastra to usake mukti mArga meM argalA bana jaayeNge| phira vaha kabhI bhI karma-bandhana se mukta na ho paayegaa| isIliye tatvattAoM ne sAdhuoM ke liye kahA hai ki jahajArUvarisI tilA gihadi hattesu / jai lei appabahuyaM tatto puNa jAi NiggodaM / / 18 / / 2 arthAt muni yathAjAtarUpa hai- jaisA janmatA bAlaka nagnarUpa hotA hai vaisA nagnarUpa digambara mudrA kA dhAraka hai - vaha apane hAtha meM tila - tuSa mAtra bhI kucha grahaNa nahIM krtaa| yadi kucha bhI grahaNa kara le to vaha nigoda meM jAtA hai| - parigrahadhArI ke liye Atmonnati kI parAkASThA pA lenA asaMbhava hai| eka laMgoTIvat ke parigraha ke moha se sAdhu kisa prakAra patita ho sakatA hai, yaha dharmAtmA sajjanoM kI jAnI-sunI bAta hai| prakRti to kRtrimatA kI sarvAhati cAhatI hai, taba hI vaha prasanna hokara apane pUre saundarya ko vikasita karatI hai| cAhe paigambara ho yA tIrthaMkara hI kyoM na ho, yadi vaha gRhasthAzrama meM raha rahA hai, samAja maryAdA ke Atmatrimukha bandhana meM par3A huA hai to vaha bhI apane AtmA ke prakRta rUpa ko nahIM pA sktaa| isakA eka kAraNa hai| vaha yaha ki dharma eka vijJAna hai| usake niyama prakRti ke anurUpa aTala aura nizcala haiN| unase kahIM kisI jamAne meM bhI kisI kAraNa se (18) 1. aSTa, sUtrapAhuDa - 17 2. vahI - 18 digambarAya aura digambara muni

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raMcapAtra antara nahIM par3a sakatA hai| dharma vijJAna kahatA hai ki AtmA svAdhIna aura sukho taba hI ho sakatA hai jaba vaha para-sambandha pudgala ke saMsarga se mukta ho jaave| aba isa niyama ke hote huye bhI pArthiva vastra-paridhAna ko rakhakara koI yaha cAhe ki mujhe Atma-svAtaMtrya mila jAye to usakI yaha cAha AkAza kusuma ko pAne kI AzA se bar3hakara na kahI jAyagI ? isI kAraNa jainAcArya pahale hI sAvadhAna karate haiM ki kavi sijjhai vatthadhAro jiNasAsaNe jaI vi hoI titthyro| jaggo vimokhamaggo sesA ummaggayA svve|| 23 // bhAvArtha- jina-zAsana meM kahA gayA hai ki vastradhArI manuSya mukti nahIM pA sakatA hai, jo tIrthakara hote to vaha bhI gRhastha dazA meM mukti ko nahIM pAte haiM-muni dIkSA lekara jaba digambara veSa dhAraNa karate haiM taba hI mokSa pAte haiN| ataH nAnatatva hI mokSamArga hai-bAkI saba liMga unmArga haiN| dharma ke isa vaijJAnika niyama ke kAyala saMsAra ke prAyaH saba hI pramukha pravartaka rahe haiM. jaisA ki Age ke pRSThoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai aura unakA isa niyama-digambaratva-ko mAnyatA denA ThIka bhI hai, kyoMki digambaratva ke binA dharma kA mUlya kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA-vaha dharma svabhAva raha hI nahIM pAtA hai| isa prakAra dharma aura digambaratva kA sambandha spaSTa hai| 1. aSTa,, sUtrapAhuddha-23 digambaratva aura digambara muni

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digambaratva ke Adi pracAraka RSabhadeva bhavanAmbhojapAtaNDaM dharmAmulapayodharama / yogikalpatarUM naumi devadevaM upbhdhvjm| -jJAnArNava digambaratva prakRti kA eka rUpa hai| isa kAraNa usakA Adi aura anta kahA hI nahIM jA sktaa| vaha no eka manAtana niyama hai| kintu usa para bhI isa pariccheda ke zIrSaka meM zrI Rpabhadeva jI ko digambaratva kA Adi pracAraka nikhA hai| isakA eka kAraNa hai| vibaMko bhAjana ke nikaTa digambaratva kevala nagnatA mAtra kA dyotaka nahI hai, pUrva paricchaMdoM ko par3hane se yaha bAta mpATa ho gaI hai| vaha rAgAdi vibhAva bhAva ko jItane vAlA yathAjAtarUpa hai aura nagnatA ke isa rUpa kA saMskAra kabhI na kabhI kisI mahApumA dvArA jarUra huA hogaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki ima kalpakAna meM dharma ke Adi pracAraka zrI RSapadava jI ne hI digabaratva kA sabase pahale upadeza diyA thaa| yaha yAdava antima mana nAbhirAya ke satra the aura vaha eka atyanta prAcIna kAla pe huye the. jisakA patA lagA lenA magama nahIM haiN| hindU zAstroM meM jainoM ke ina pahale tIrthakara ko hI vi kA AThavA avatAra mAnA gayA hai aura vahAM bhI inheM digambatva kA Adi pracAraka batAyA gayA hai| jainAcArya unheM yogikalpatarU kahakara smaraNa karate hai| hinduoM ke zrImadbhAgavata meM inhIM RSabhadeva kA varNana hai aura usameM unheM paramahaMsa disambara dharma kA pratipAdaka likhA hai, yathA _ 'evamana zAsyAtmajAna mbayamaziA-TAnapi lokAnsAmanArtha mahAnubhAvaH pagmamahada bhagavAnapabhI dava upazamazIlAnAmapantakAMcyA mahAmanI gAM bhatijAnabaigagyalakSaNa pAramahaMsyadharmamupazikSyamANaH svatanayazata jyApTaM paramabhAgavata bhagavajanAparAyaNaM bharata vANIpAlanAyAbhiSicya mbayaM bhavana evovarita zarIramAtra- parigraha unbhata iva gamanaparidhAnaH pravINakakA AtmanyAgapitA havanI yA brahmAvartAt pratravAja / / 25 / / ' - bhAgavataskadha 5. a.. arthAta-"isa bhA~ti mahAyazasvI aura mavake muhad RSabha bhagavAna ne yadyapi unake putra maba ti se catura the. parantu manuSyoM ko upadaMdA dene hetu, prazAMta aura karmabandhana se rahita mahAniyoM ko bhoka, jJAna aura vairAgya ke dikhAne vAle paramahaMsa Azrama kI zikSA dene hetu, apane sau putroM meM jyeSTa parama bhAgavata, haribhaktoM ke sevaka bharata ko pRthvImAnnana hata, rAjyAbhiSeka kA tatkAla hI saMsAra ko (20) digamvaratva aura digambara muni

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chor3a diyA aura AtmA meM homAgni kA Aropa kara keza khola unmata kI bhAMti nAna ho, kevala zarIra ko saMga le, brahmAvarta se saMnyAsa dhAraNa kara cala nikle|" / isa uddharaNa ke moTe TAipa ke akSaroM se RSabhadeva kA paramahaMsa digambara dharma zikSaka honA spaSTa hai| tathA isI graMtha ke skaMdha 2, adhyAya 7, pRSTha 76 meM inheM digambara aura jaina mata ko calAne vAlA usake TIkAkAra ne likhA hai| pUla zloka meM unake digambaratva ko RSiyoM dvArA vaMdanIya batAyA hai - nAbherasA vRSabha Asasu deva sUnuyoveva cArasamadagjar3ayogacaryAm / yat pAramahaMsyamRSayaH padamAmanaMti svastha: prazAMtakaraNaH parimaktasaMgaH / / 10 / / udhara hinduoM ke prasiddha yogazAstra "haThayogapradIpikA" meM sabase pahale maMgalAcaraNa ke taura para AdinAtha RSabhadeva kI stuti kI gaI aura vaha isa prakAra zrI AdinAthAya namo'stu tasmai, yenopadiSTA htthyogvidyaa| misAlo mosamarAjayoga mAroDhumicchoradhirohiNIva // 1 / / arthAta-"zrI AdinAtha ko namaskAra ho, jinhoMne usa haThayoga vidyA kA sarvaprathama upadeza diyA jo ki bahuta U~ce rAjayoga para ArohaNa karane ke liye nasainI ke samAna hai|" ___ haThayoga kA zreSThatama rUpa digambara hai| paramahaMsa mArga ho to utkRSTa yogamArga hai| isI se 'nArada parivrAjakopaniSada meM yogI paramahaMsAkhyaH sAkSAnmokSakasAdhanam isa vAkya dvArA paramahaMsa yoga ko sAkSAt mokSa kA ekamAtra sAdhana batalAyA hai| sacamuca "ajaina zastroM meM jahA~ kahIM zrI RSabhadeva AdinAtha kA varNana AyA hai, unako paramahaMsa mArga kA pravateka batalAyA gayA hai| kintu mdhykaalii| sAmpradAyika vidvepa ke kAraNa ajaina vidvAnoM ko jaina dharma se aisI cir3ha ho gaI ki unhoMne apane dharma zAstroM meM jainoM ke mahattvasUcaka vAkyoM kA yA to lopa kara diyA athavA unakA artha hI badala diyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uparyukta 1. jitendramata darpaNa, prathama mAga, pR. 10 / 2.anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 538 / 3. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 539 / 4.zrI ToDaramalajI dvArA ullikhita hindU zAstroM ke avataraNoM kA patA Ajakala ke chape huye graMthoM meM nahIM calatA, kintu unhIM graMthoM kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM unakA patA calatA hai, yaha bAta paM. makkhanalAla jI jaina apane 'vedapurANAdi graMthoM meM jaina dharma kA astitva' nAmaka TraikTa (pR. 41-50) meM prakaTa karate haiN| pro. zaraccandra ghoSAla ema. e. kAvyatIrtha Adi ne bhI hindU 'paSyapurANa ke viSaya meM yahI bAta prakaTa kI thii| dekhoJ.G.XIV,90)| digambarAya aura digambara muni (21)

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'haThayoga pradIpikA ke zloka meM varNita AdinAtha ko usake TIkAkAra ziva mahAdeva jI) batAte haiM, kintu vAstava meM isakA artha RSabhadeva ho honA cAhiye, kyoMki . prAcIna 'amarakoSAdi kisI bhI koSa graMtha meM mahAdeva kA nAma 'AdinAtha' nahIM miltaa| isake atirikta yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki zrI RSabhadeva ke ho sambandha meM yaha varNana jaina aura ajaina zAstroM meM milatA hai, kisI anya prAcIna mata prarvataka ke sambandha meM nahIM- ki vaha svayaM digambara rahe the aura unhoMne digambara dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| usa para 'paramahaMsopaniSad' ke nimna vAkya isa bAta ko spaSTa kara dete haiM ki paramahaMsa ke sthApaka koI jainAcArya the "tadetadvijJAya brAhmaNaH pAtraM kamaNDaluM kaTisUtraM kaupInaM ca tatsarvamapsu visRjyAtha jaatruupdhrshcredaatmaanmnvicchet| yathAjAtarUpadharo nirdvandvo niSparigrahastatvabrahmamArge samyaka saMpatraH zuddhamAnasaH prANasaMdhAraNArtha yathoktakAle paMcagRheSu karapAtreNAyAcitAhAramAharan lAbhAlAbhe sapo bhUtvA nirmamaH zukladhyAnaparAyaNo'dhyAtmaniSThaH zubhAzubhakarmanirmUlanaparaH paramahaMsaH pUrNAnandaikabodhastadbrahma hamasmIti brahmapraNavamanusparana-bhraparakoTakanyAyena zarIratrayamutsRjya dehatyAgaM karoti sa kRtakRtyo bhvtiityupnissd| arthAta-"aisA jAnakara brAhmaNa (brahmajJAnI) pAtra, kamaNDalu, kaTisUtra aura laMgoTI ina saba cIjoM ko pAnI meM visarjana kara janma-samaya ke veSa ko dhAraNa kara arthAt bilkula nagna hokara vicaraNa kare aura AtmAnveSaNa kre| jo yathAjAtarUpadhArI (nagna-digambara), nirdvandva, niSparigraha, tatvabrahmamArga meM bhalI prakAra sampanna, zuddha hRdaya, prANadhAraNa ke nimitta yathokta samaya para adhika se adhika pA~ca gharoM meM vihAra kara karapAtra meM ayAcita bhojana lene vAlA tathA lAbhAlAbha meM sapacitta hokara nirmapatva rahane vAlA, zukladhyAna parAyaNa, adhyAtmaniSTha, zubhAzubha karmoM ke nimUlana karane meM tatpara, paramahaMsa yogI, pUrNAnanda kA advitIya anubhava karane vAlA yaha brahma maiM hUM, aise brahma praNava kA smaraNa karatA huA bhramarakoTaka nyAya se (krIr3A bhramarI kA dhyAna karatA huA svayaM bhramara bana jAtA hai, isa nIti se) tInoM zarIroM ko chor3akara dehatyAga karatA hai, vaha kRtakRtya hotA hai, aisA upaniSadoM meM kahA gayA 1. anekAnta, varSa 1 pR. 539-540 / (22) digambarAya aura digambara muni

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- isa avataraNa kA prAyaH sArA hI varNana digambara jaina muniyoM kI caryA ke anusAra hai, kintu isameM vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya vizeSaNa zukladhyAnaparAyaNaH hai, jo jaina dharma kI eka khAsa cIja hai| "jaina ke sivAya aura kisI bhI yoga-grantha meM zukladhyAna kA pratipAdana nahIM miltaa| pataMjali RSi ne bhI zukladhyAna Adi bheda nahIM batalAye | isalie yoga granthoM meM Adi-yogAcArya ke rUpa meM jina AdinAtha kA ullekha milatA hai ve jainiyoM ke Adi tIrthaMkara zrI AdinAtha se bhinna aura koI nahIM jAna pdd'te| 1 3 atharvaveda ke 'jAbAlopaniSad' ( sUtra 6) meM paramahaMsa saMnyAsI kA eka vizeSaNa "nirgratha" bhI diyA hai aura yaha hara koI jAnatA hai ki isa nAma se jainI hI prAcInakAla se prasiddha haiN| bauddhoM ke prAcIna zAstra isa bAta kA khulA samarthana karate haiN| jaina dharma ke hI mAnya zabda ko upaniSadkAra ne grahaNa aura prayukta karake yaha acchI taraha darzA diyA haiM ki digambara sAdhumArga kA mUla stotra jainadharma hai aura udhara hindU purANa isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hI hai ki RSabhadeva, jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthakara ne hI paramahaMsa digambara dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki zrI RSabhaveda-upaniSad graMthoM ke race jAne ke bahuta pahale ho cuke the| vedoM meM svayaM unakA aura 16 veM avatAra vAmana kA ullekha milatA hai| ataH nissaMdeha bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI vaha mahApuruSa haiM jinhoMne isa yuga ke prArambha meM svayaM digambara veSa dhAraNa karake' sarvajJatA prApta kI thI aura sarvajJa hokara digambara dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| vahI digambaratva ke Adi pracAraka haiN| 4 1. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 541 / 2. "yathAjAtarUpazvarI nirgrantho niSparigrahaH" ityAdi - dimu., pR. 8 3. jaikobI prabhRti vidvAnoM ne isa bAta ko siddha kara diyA hai| (Js.PLI Intro.) 4. bhapA kI prastAvanA tathA 'sarje' dekho| 5. "viSNupurANa" meM bhI zrI RSabhadeva ko digambara likhA hai| |h Rishabha Deva....naked, went the way of the great road. (mahAdhvAnam ) -Wilso's Vishnu Purana Vol llg [Book II. Ch.I.] PR 103-104]. 6. zrImadbhAgavata meM RSabhadeva ko 'svayaM bhagavAn aura kaivalyapati' batAyA hai| digambaratva aura digambara muni (viko..bhA. 3. pU. 444) / (23)

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1 . meramaniane RSSRKS .. .. . SINE . .. ... . | hindU dharma aura digambaratva / "saMyAsaH ghadhio bhavati kuTicaka-bahudaka-hasa-paramahaMsa-jUriyAtIta avdhuutshceti|" -saMnyAsopaniSad 13 bhagavAna RSabhadeva jaba digambara hokara vana meM jA rame, to unakI dekhAdekhI aura bhI bahuta se loga naMge hokara idhara-udhara ghUmane lge| digambaratva ke mUla tatva ko ve samajha na sake aura apane manamAne DhaMga se udarapUrti karate huye va sAdhu hone kA dAvA karane lge| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki inhIM saMnyAsiyoM dvArA sAMkhya Adi jenetara sampradAyoM kI sRSTi huI thI aura tIsare pariccheda meM svayaM hindU zAstroM ke AdhAra se yaha prakaTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki zrI RSabhadeva dvArA hI sarvaprathama digambaratva rUpa dharma kA pratipAdana huA thaa| isa avasthA meM hindU graMthoM meM bhI digambaratva kA sammAnanIya varNana milanA Avazyaka hai| yaha bAta jarUra hai ki hindU dharma ke veda aura prAcIna tathA vRhat upaniSadoM meM sAdhu ke digambaratva kA varNana prAyaH nahIM miltaa| kintu unake choTe-moTe upaniSadoM evaM anya graMthoM meM usakA khAsa DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyA gayA milatA hai| bhikSaka upaniSA ra sAtyAnITa hapanida sAsAraH aniSada, paramahaMsa-paritrAjaka upaniSad Adi meM yadyapi saMnyAsiyoM ke cAra bheda-(1) kuTicaka, (2) bahudaka, (3) haMsa, (4) paramahaMsa - batAye gaye hai, parantu saMnyAsopaniSad meM unako chaH prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai arthAt upayukta cAra prakAra ke saMnyAsiyoM ke atirikta (1) tariyAtIta aura (2) avadhUta prakAra ke saMnyAsI aura ginAye haiN| ina chahoM meM pahale tIna prakAra ke saMnyAsI tridaNDa dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa tridaNDI kahalAte haiM aura zikhA yA jaTA tathA vastra kaupIna Adi dhAraNa karate haiN| paramahaMsa parivrAjaka, zikSA aura 1, AdipurANa, parva 18, zlo. 62 (Rishabh.p.112) 2. "atha bhikSuNAM mokSArthInAM kuTIcaka-bahudaka-haMsa-paramahaMsAzceti ctvaarH|" 3. kuTicako-bahudakaH-haMsa-paramahaMsa-ityeti parivrAjakAH caturvidhA bhavanti / 4. sa saMnyAsaH SaDvidho bhavati-kuTIcaka-bahudaka-haMsa-paramahaMsa . turiiyaatiitaavdhuutaashceti| 5. kuTIcakaH zikhAyajJopavItI daNDakamaNDaludharaH kaupInazATokanthAgharaH pitRmAta gurvArAdhanaparaH piTharakhanitrazikyAdipAtrasAdhanaparaH ekanAnnAdanaparaH zvetordhvapuNDU dhaariitridnnddH| bahUdakaH zikhAdikanyAdharastripuNDUdhArI kuTIcakavatsarvasamo mdhukrvRtyaassttkvlaashii|hNso jaTAdhArI tripuNDrordhvapuNDadhArI asaMkluptamAdhUkarAnAzI kaupiinkhnnddtunndddhaarii| digambaratva aura digambara muni (24)

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yajJopavIta jaise dvijacihna dhAraNa nahIM karatA aura vaha eka daNDa grahaNa karatA tathA eka vastra dhAraNa hai athavA apanI deha meM bhasma ramA letA hai|' ___ hA~ tUriyAtIta parivrAjaka bilkula digambara hotA hai aura vaha saMnyAsa ke niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai|' antima avadhUta pUrNa digambara aura nirdvandva hai- vaha saMnyAsa niyamoM ko bhI paravAha nahIM karatA / tUriyAtIta avasthA meM pahuMcakara paramahaMsa parivrAjaka ko digambara hI rahanA par3atA hai kintu use digambara jaina muni kI taraha kezaluca nahIM karanA hotA-vaha apanA sira muMDAtA (muNDa) hai ora vadhUta pada to tUriyAtIta kI maraNa avasthA hai| isa kAraNa ina donoM bhedoM kA samAveza paramahaMsa bheda meM hI garbhita kinhIM upaniSadoM meM mAna liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM ke isa varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki eka sapaya hindU dharma meM bhI digambaratva ko vizeSa Adara milA thA aura vaha sAkSAt mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA thaa| usa para kApAlika saMpradAya meM to vaha khUba hI pracalita rahA, kintu vahA~ vaha apanI dhArmika pavitratA kho baiThA, kyoMki vahA~ vaha bhoga kI vastu rhaa| astu, yahA~ para upaniSadAdi vaidika sAhitya meM jo bhI ullekha digambara sAdhu ke sambandha meM milate haiM, unako upasthita kara denA ucita hai| dekhiye "jAbAlopaniSad" meM likhA haiM "tatra paramahaMsAnAmasaMvartakAruNizvetaketudurvAsa RbhuniMdAghajar3abharatadattAtreyaraivatakaprabhRtayo'tyaktAliMgA avyaktAcArA anunmattA unmattavadAcarantastridaNDaM kamaNDalu zikyaM pAtraM jalapavitraM zikhAM yajJopavItaM ca ityetsarva bhUH svAhetyapsu parityajyAtmAnamandicched yathAjAtarUpadharo nigraMtho niSparigrahastattadbrahmamArge samyaksaMpannaH ityaadi| isameM saMvartaka, AruNi, zvetaketu Adi ko yathAjAtarUpadhara nigraMtha likhA hai arthAt inhoMne digambara jaina muniyoM ke sAmAna AcaraNa kiyA thaa| 'paramahaMsopaniSad meM nimna prakAra ullekha hai 1, paramahaMsaH zikhAyajJopavItarahitaH paJcagRheSu karapAtrI ekakopInadhArI zATomekAmekaM vaiNavaM daNDamekazATIdharo va bhsmoddhlnprH| 2. sarvatyAgI turIyAtIto gomukhavRtyo phalAhArI annAhArI cedgRhatraye dehamAtrAvaziSTo digambaraH kunnpvcchriirvRttikH| 3. avadhUtastvaniyamaH patitAbhizastavarjanapUrvakaM sarva varNeSvajagaravRtyAhAraparaH svruupaanusNdhaanprH| 4. sarva vismRtya turIyAtItAvadhUtaveSeNAdvaitaniSThAparaH praNavAtmakatvena dehatyAga karoti yaHso vdhuutH| 5. IzA., pR. 131 / digambarAya aura digambara muni (25)

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"idapantaraM jJAtvA sa paramahaMsa AkAzAmbaro na namaskAro na svAhAkAro na nindA na stutiyAdRcchiko bhavetsa bhikssuH|' sacamuca digambara (paramahaMsa) bhikSu ko apanI prazaMsA-nindA athavA Adara-anAdara se sarokAra ho kyA? Age "nAradaparivrAjakopaniyat" meM bhI dekhiye yathAvidhizcejjAtarUpadharo bhUtvA....jAtarUpadharazcaredAtmAnapanvicchedyathAjAtarUpadharo nirdvandvo niSparigrahastatvabrahmamArge samyaka sampannaH 86-tRtiiyopdeshH| "turIyaH paramo haMsaH sAkSAnnArAyaNo ytiH| ekarAtraM vaset grAme nagare paJcarAtrakam / / 14 / / varmAbhyo'nyatra varSAsu mAsAMzca caturo vaset / ....muniH kaupInavAsAH syAnnagno vA dhyAnatatparaH / 32 / .....jAtarUpadharo bhUtvA....digambaraH cturthopdeshH|" ina ullekhoM meM bhI parivAjaka ko nagna hone kA tathA varSA Rtu meM eka sthAna meM rahane kA vidhAna hai| "pani kopInavAsA" Adi vAkya meM chahoM prakAra ke sAre hI parivrAjakoM kA puni 'zabda' se grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai isaliye unake sambandha meM varNana kara diyA ki cAhe jisa prakAra kA muni arthAt prathama avasthA kA athavA Age kI avasthAoM kaa| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki puni vastra bhI pahina sakatA hai aura nagna bhI raha sakatA hai, jisase ki nagnatA para Apatti kI jA ske| yaha pahale hI parivrAjakoM ke SaDbhedoM meM dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki utkRSTa prakAra ke parivrAjaka nagna hI rahate haiM aura vaha zreSThattama phala ko bhI pAte haiM, jaise ki kahA hai Ato jIvaticetkrapasaMnyAsaH krttvyH|......aaturkuttiickyo lokbhuvoko| bahUdakasya svrglokH| ___ haMsasya tpolokH| paramahaMsasya stylokH| turIyAtItAvadhUtayoH svasmanyeva kaivalyaM svarUpAnusaMdhAnena bhrapara-kITanyAyavat / ' arthAta- Atura yAni saMsArI manuSya kA antima pariNAma (niSThA) bhUloka hai, kuTIcaka saMnyAsI kA bhuvaloka, svargaloka haMsa saMnyAsI kA antima pariNAma hai. paramahaMsa ke liye vahIM satyaloka hai aura kaivalya tUrIyAtIta aura avadhUta kA pariNAma aba yadi ina saMnyAsiyoM meM vastra-paridhAna aura digambaratva kA tAtvika bheda na hotA to unake pariNAma meM itanA gaharA antara nahIM ho sktaa| digambara muni hI vAstavika yogI hai aura vahI kaivalya-pada kA adhikArI hai| isIliye use 'sAkSAt 1. IzAdha.,pU. 150 2. IzAdya., pR. 267-268 3. IzAdya., pR. 268-269 4. IzAdha., pR. 415 / saMnyAsopaniSat 59 / (26) digamvaratva aura digambara muni

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prakAra hai nArAyaNa' kahA gayA hai| 'nArada parivrAjakopaniSad' meM Age aura bhI ullekha nimna "brahmacaryeNa saMnyasya saMnyAsAjjAtarUpadharo vairaagysNnyaasii|" "turIyAtIto gomukhaH phlaahaarii| annAhArI ced gRhatraye dehamAtrAvaziSTo digambaraH kunnpvcchriirvRttikH| avadhUtastvaniyamo'bhizaptapatitavarjanapUrvaka sarvavarNeSvajagaravRtyAhAraparaH svarUpAnusaMdhAnaparaH ....... paramahaMsAditrayANAM na kaTisatraM na kaupInaM na vastraM na kapaNDalarna daNDaH sArvavarNakabhekSATanaparatvaM jAtarUpadharatvaM vidhiH...| sarva parityajya tatprasaktaM panodaNDaM karapAtraM digambara dRSTavA parivrajebhikSuH / / 1 / / ....abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyo datvA carati yo muniH| na tasya sarvabhUtebhyo bhayamutpadyate kvcit||16||.......... AzAnivRtto bhUtvA AzAmbaradharo pUtvA sarvadA manovAkkAyakarmabhiH sarvasaMsAramutsRjya prapaJvAcA mukhaH bhAganusandhAnena bhAkITa dAyemato malInyUniSada / / pnycmopdeshH|" digambaraM paramahaMsasya ekakaupInaM vA turIyAtItAvadhUtayothAjAtarUpadharatvaM haMsaparamahaMsayorajinaM na tvanyeSAm ....sptmopdeshH| vairAgya saMnyAsI kA bheda eka anya prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra se parivrAjaka saMnyAsiyoM ke cAra bheda kiye gae haiM- (1) vairAgya saMnyAsI, (2) jJAna saMnyAsI, (3) jJAna vairAgya saMnyAsI aura (4) karma sNnyaasii| inameM se jJAna vairAgya saMnyAsI ko bhI nagna honA par3atA hai|' "bhikSukopaniSad meM bhI likhA hai atha jAtarUpadharA nirdvandvA niSparigrahAH zukladhyAnaparAyaNA AtmaniSThAH prANasaMdhAraNArtha yathoktakAle bhaikSamAcarantaH zUnyAgAradevagRhaNakUTavalmIkavRkSamUlakulAla-zAlAgnihotra-zAlAnadIpulinagirikandara-kuhara-koTara-nirjharasthaNDile tatra brahmamArge samyaksaMpannAH zuddhamAnasAH paramahaMsAcaraNena saMnyAsena dehatyAgaM kurvanti te paramahaMsA naametyupnisst|' 'turIyAtItopaniSad' meM ullekha isa prakAra hai "saMnyasya digambaro bhUtvA vivarNajIrNavalkalAjinaparigrahamapi saMtyajya tadU papantravadAcarankSaurAbhyaMgasnAnordhvapuNDAdikaM vihAya laukikavaidikamapyupasaMhRtya 1. IzAya., pR. 271 / 2. IzAdha.,pR. 272 / 3. krameNa sarvamabhyasya sarvamanubhUya jJAnavairAgyAbhyAM svarUpAnusaMdhAnena dehamAtrAviziSTaH saMnyasya jAtarUpadharo bhavati sa jnyaanvairaagysNnyaasii| - nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad 1 / / 5 / / tathA sNnyaasopnissd| 4. IzAdha., pR. 368 / digambaratva aura digambara muni (27)

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sarvatra puNyApuNyavarjito jJAnAjJAnamapi vihAya zItoSNasukhaduHkhamAnAvamAnaM nirjitya nindAnindA garvamatsaradambhadarpadveSakAmakrodhalobhamoha vAsanAtrayapUrvakaM harSArpAsUyAtmasaMrakSaNAdikaM dagdhvA ... ityAdi / 'saMnyAsopaniSada' meM aura bhI ullekha isa prakAra haivairAgya- saMnyAsI, jJAna- saMnyAsI, jJAna- - vairAgya-saMnyAsI, vahati karmasaMnyAsIti caturvidhyamupAgataH / dRSTAnubhUtikaviSayavaitRSNyametya prAkpuNyakarmavizeSAtsaMnyastaH sa vairAgyasaMnyAsI / (.....) krameNa sarvamabhyasya sarvamanubhUya jJAnavairAgyAbhyAM svarUpAnusaMdhAnena dehamAtrAvaziSTaH saMnyasya jAtarUpadharo bhavati sa jJAnavairAgyasaMnyAsI / 1 'paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA ullekha hai " zikhAmutkramya yajJopavItaM chitvA vastramapi bhUmau vApsu vA visRjya OM bhUH svahA OM bhuvaH svAhAH svAha OM sutraH svAhetyA tena jAtarUpadharo bhUtvA svaM rUpa dhyAyanpunaH pRthaka, praNanavyAhRtipUrvakaM manasA vacasApi saMnyastaM myaa....| yadAbuddhirbhavattadA kuTIcako vA bahUdako vA haMso seol paramahaMso vA tatranyantrapUrvakaM kaTisUtraM kaupInaM daNDaM kamaNDalUM sarvamapsu visRjyAtha jAtarUpadharazcaret / 'yAjJavalkyopaniSad' meM digambara sAdhu kA ullekha karaka use paramezvara hotA batAyA haiM, jaise ki jainoM kI mAnyatA hai yathA jAtarUpadharA nirdvandvA niSparigrahAstattvabrahmamArge samyaka saMpatrAH zuddhamAnasAH prANasaMdhAraNArthaM yathoktakAle vimukto bhaikSamAcarannudarapAtreNa lAbhAlAbhau samo bhUtvA karapAtreNa mA kamaNDalUdakayo bhaikSamAcarannudaramAtrasaMgrahaH / .... AzAmbaro na namaskAro na dAraputrAbhilASI lakSyAlakSyanirvartakaH parivrAT paramezvaro bhavati / 4 (28) 'dattAtreyopaniSad' meM bhI hai dattAtreya hare kRSNa unmattAnanda daayk| digambara mune bAlapizAca jnyaansaagr|" 1. IzAdya, pR. 410 / 2. IzAdya, pR. 4123 3. IzAdya., pU. 418 - 419 / 4. IzAdya, pR. 524 / 5. IzAdya, pR. 542 // digambaratva aura digambara muni

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'bhikSukopaniSad' Adi meM saMvartaka, AruNI, zvetaketu, jar3abharata nAtreya, zuka, vAmadeva, hArItiko Adi ko digambara sAdhu batAyA hai| "yAjJavalkyopaniSad" meM inake atirikta durvAsA Rbhu nidAgha ko bhI tUriyAtIta paramahaMsa batAyA hai|' isa prakAra upaniSadoM ke anusAra digambara sAdhuoM kA honA siddha hai| meM hI kintu yaha bAta nahIM hai ki mAtra kAva ho, balki vedoM meM bhI sAdhu kI nagnatA kA sAdhAraNa sA ullekha milatA hai| dekhiye 'yajurveda' a. 19, maMtra 14 'meM' "AtithyarUpaM mAsaram mahAvIrasya nagnahuH / rUpayupasadAmetastristro rAtrI surAsutA / / artha - (AtithyarUpaM ) atithi ke bhAva (mAsa) mahInoM taka rahane vAle (mahAvIrasya) parAkramazIla vyakti ke (nagnahuH ) nayanarUpa kI upAsanA karo jisase (etat) ye (tisro) tInoM (rAtrIH ) mithyA jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpI (sura) madya (asutA) naSTa hotI hai| isa mantra kA devatA atithi hai| isaliye yaha mantra atithiyoM ke sambandha meM hI laga sakatA hai, kyoMki vaidika devatA kA matalaba vAcya hai, jaisA ki niruktakAra kara bhAva hai -- "yAte nocyate sA devatAH / " isake atirikta 'atharvaveda' ke pandrahaveM adhyAya meM jina vrAtya aura mahAvrAtya kA ullekha hai, unameM mahAvrAtya digambara sAdhu ke anurUpa hai| kintu yaha vrAtya eka vedavAhyasaMpradAya thA, jo bahuta kucha nigraMtha saMpradAya se milatA-julatA thaa| balki yUM kahanA cAhiye ki vaha jaina muni aura jaina tIrthaMkara kA hI dyotaka hai| isa avasthA meM yaha mAnyatA aura bhI puSTa hotI hai ki jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA digambaratva kA pratipAdana sarvaprathama huA thA aura jaba usakA prAbalya bar3ha gayA aura logoM ko samajha par3a gayA ki paramocca pada pAne ke lie digambaratva Avazyaka hai to unhoMne use apane zAstroM meM bhI sthAna de diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki veda meM bhI isakA ullekha sAmAnya rUpa se mila jAtA hai| aba hindU purANAdi graMthoM meM jo digambara sAdhuoM kA varNana milatA hai, vaha bhI dekha lenA ucita hai| zrI bhAgavata purANa meM RSabha avatAra ke sambaMdha meM kahA gayA haivarhiSI tasminneva viSNubhagavAn paramarSibhiH prasAdato nAbheH priyacikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane marudevyAM dharmAn darzayatu kAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAM RSINAmUrdhA manthinA zuklayA tanu vaakttaar| 1. 1T, 111.259-260 2. mAlUma hotA hai ki isa maMtra dvArA bedakAra ne jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke Adarza ko grahaNa kiyA hai| dUsare dharmoM ke Adarza ko isa taraha grahaNa karane ke ullekha milate haiN| JHQ, ]]], 472-485 | 3. 1. dekhI bhapA prastAvanA, pR. 32-49 / " digambarasya aura digambara muni (29)

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artha - "he rAjan ! parIkSita vA yajJa meM parama RSiyoM karake prasanna ho nAbhi ke priya karane kI icchA se vAke antaHpura meM marudevI meM dharma dikhAyave kI kAmanA karake digambara rahivevAre tapasvI jJAnI naiSThika brahmacArI UrdhvaretA RSiyoM ko upadeza dena ko zuklavarNa kI deha dhAra zrI RSabhadeva nAma kA (viSNu ne) avatAra liyaa| ** "liMga purANa" (a. 47, pR. 68) meM bhI nagna sAdhu kA ullekha hai - "sarvAtmanAtmanisthApya paramAtmAnamIzvaraM / nagno jaTo nirAhAro corIdhvAMtagato hi saH / / 25 // "skaMdhapurANa- prabhAsakhaMDa ( a. 16, pR. 221) ziva ko digambara likhA hai re - "vAmanopi tatazcakre tatra tIrthAvagAhanam / yAdRgrUpaH zivo diSTaH sUryabimbe digambaraH / 94 / / zrI bhartRhari jI 'vairAgyazatakoM kahate haiM artha - "he zambho ! maiM akelA, icchArahita, zAMta, pANipAtra aura digambara hokara karmoM kA nAza kantra kara skuuNgaa|" vaha aura bhI kahate haiM" - azImahi vayaM bhikSAmAzAvAso vasImahi / zayImahi mahIpRSThe kurvIhi kimIzvaraiH ||10|| artha- aba hama bhikSA hI karake bhojana kareMge, dizA ke hI vastra dhAraNa kareMge arthAt nagna raheMge aura bhUmi para hI zayana kreNge| phira bhalA dhanavAnoM se hameM kyA matalaba ? 'ekAkI niHspRhaH zAntaH pANipAtro digambaraH / kadA zambho bhaviSyAmi karmanirmalUnakSapaH // 58 // sAtavIM zatAbdI meM jaba cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga banArasa pahuMcA to usane vahA~ hindUoM ke bahuta se naMge sAdhu dekhe| vaha likhatA hai ki "mahezvara bhakta sAdhu bAloM ko bAMdhakara jaTA banAte hai tathA vastra parityAga karake digambara rahate haiM aura zarIra meM bhasma kA lepa karate haiN| ye bar3e tapasvI haiN| inhIM ko paramahaMsa parivrAjaka kahanA ThIka hai| kintu hvenasAMga se bahuta pahile IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM jaba sikandara mahAnU ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thA, taba bhI naMge hindU sAdhu yahA~ maujUda the| arastu kA bhatIjA spiDo kallisthenasa (Pseudo Kallisthenes ) sikandara mahAn ke sAtha yahA~ AyA thA aura vaha batAtA hai ki "brAhmaNoM kA zramaNoM kI (30) 1. . tre. pU. 3 / 2. vejai. pR. 9 / 3. . ve pR. 34 / 4. baM. pR. 46 / verja. pR. 47 / 5. 6. huA. pU. 320 / digambaratva aura digambara muni :

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taraha koI saMgha nahIM hai| unake sAdhu prakRti kI avasthA meM (State of nature) nagna nadI kinAre rahate haiM aura naMge hI ghUpate haiN| (Go about naked) unake pAsa na caupAhe haiM, na hala hai, na lohA-laMgar3a hai, na ghara hai, na Aga hai, na roTI hai, na surA hai - garja yaha ki unake pAsa apa aura Ananda kA koI sAmAna nahIM hai| ina sAdhuoM ko striyAM gaMgA kI dUsarI ora rahatI haiM, jinake pAsa julAI aura agasta meM ve jAte haiN| vaise jaMgala meM rahakara ve vanaphala khAte haiN|" san 851 meM araba deza se sulemAna saudAgara bhArata AyA thaa| usane yahA~ eka aise naMge hindU yogI ko dekhA thA jo solaha varSa taka eka Asana se sthita thaa| bAdazAha auraMgajeba ke jamAne meM phrAMsa se Aye hae DA. barniyara ne bhI hindaoM ke ramahaMsa (ge munTA na koyalA :) |ha inoM 'jogI' kahatA hai aura inake viSaya meM likhatA hai I allude particulary to the people called "Jaugis" a name which significs "united to God" Numbers are seen, day and night, scalcd or laying on ashes entirely naked, Frequently under the large trees near talals or tanks of Waler or in the galleries round the 'Deuras' or idol icmples. Some have hair hanging down lo the call of llic lcg, twisted and entangled into Knots, like the cost of our shaggy dogs. I have seen scveral who hold one and some who hold hoth arms, perpetually lifted up alovc the hcad, the nails of their hands hcing twisted and longer than half my little finger, with which i measured them. Their arms are as small and thin as the arms of persons who die in a decline, becausc in se forced and unnatural a position they receive nol sulficicnt nourishment nor can they be lowered so as to supply the mouth with food, the muscles having become contracted and the articulation dry and stiff. Novices wait upon these fanatics and pay them the utmost respect, as persons endowed with cxtraordinary sanctity. No 'sury' in the infernal regions can be conceived more horrible than the Tavgise' with their naked and black skin, long, hair spindle arms, tong twisted nails and fixed in the posture which I have mentioned". 1,Al.,p.181. 2. Elliot., 1, P-4. 3. Bernier, P.316. digamyaratya aura digambara muni (31)

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bhAva yahI hai ki bahuta se aise jogI the jo tAlAba athavA maMdiroM meM naMge rAta-dina rahate the| unake bAla lambe-lambe the| unameM se koI apanI bAheM Upara uThAye rahate the| nAkhUna unake mur3akara dUbhara ho gaye the jo merI choTI aMgulI ke Adhe ke barAbara the| sUkhakara ve lakar3I ho gaye the| unheM khilAnA bhI muzkila thaa| kyoMki unakI naseM tana gayIM thiiN| bhaktajana ina nAgoM kI sevA karate haiM aura inakI bar3I vinaya karate haiN| ve ina jogiyoM se pavitra kisI dUsare ko nahIM samajhate aura inake krodha se bhI beDhaba irate haiN| ina jogiyoM kI naMgI aura kAlI camar3I hai,lambe bAla haiM, sakhI AI haiM, lambe par3e hue nArasana aura hai ekahapara hI usa Asana meM jame rahate haiM, jisakA paina ullekha kiyA hai| yaha haThayoga kI parAkASThA hai| paramahaMsa hokara vaha yaha na karate to karate bhI kyA? san 1623 I.peM piTara DellA baoNllA nAmaka yAtrI AyA thaa| usane ahapadAvAda meM sAbaramatI nadI ke kinAre aura zivAlo meM aneka nAgA sAdhu dekhe the, jinako loga bar3I vinaya karate the| Aja bhI prayAga meM kumbha ke mele ke avasara para hajAroM nAgA saMnyAsI vahA~ dekhane ko milate haiN| ve katAra bAMdhakara zaraha-Ama naMge nikalate haiN| isa prakAra hindu zAstroM aura yAtriyoM kI sAkSiyoM se hindu dharma meM digambaratva kA mahatva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| digambara sAdhu hinduoM ke liye bhI pUjya puruSa haiN| 1. purAtatva, varSa 2,aMka 4, pR. 440 / (32) (32] digambaratva aura digambara muni

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islAma aura digambaratva / BANGH "I am no apostle of new doctrines". suid Muhanimad." neither know 1 what will be done with me or you". Koran, XLVI paigambara hajarata mahammada ne khuda pharamAyA hai ki "maiM kinhIM naye siddhAntoM kA upadezaka nahIM hU~ aura mujhe yaha nahIM mAlUma ki mere yA tumhAre sAtha kyA hogA ?" satya kA upAsaka aura kaha hI kyA sakatA hai ? use to satya ko gumarAha bhAiyoM taka pahuMcAnA par3atA hai| muhammada sAhaba ko araba ke asabhya logoM meM satya kA prakAza phailAnA thaa| vaha loga aise pAtra na the ki ekadama U~ce darje kA siddhAnta unako sikhAyA jaataa| usa para bhI hajarata muhammada ne unako spaSTa zikSA dI ki 'The love of the world is the root of all evil.' The world is as a prison and as a famine to Muslims; and when they Icave it you may say they leave faminc and a prison (Sayings of Mohammad) arthAt- "saMsAra kA prema hI sAre pApa kI jar3a hai| saMsAra musalamAna ke lie eka kaidakhAnA aura kahata ke samAna hai aura jaba ve isako chor3a dete haiM taba tuma kaha sakate ho ki unhoMne kahata aura kaidakhAne ko chor3a diyaa|" tyAga aura vairAgya kA isase bar3hiyA upadeza aura ho bhI kyA sakatA hai ? hajarata muhammada ne svayaM usake anusAra apanA jIvana banAne kA yathAsaMbhava prayatna kiyA thaa| usa para bhI unake kama se kapa vastroM kA paridhAna aura hAtha kI aMgUThI unakI namAja meM bAdhaka huI thii| kintu yaha unake liye islAma ke usa janmakAla meM saMbhava nahIM thA ki vaha khuda nagna hokara tyAga aura vairAgya-tarke duniyA kA zrepTatama udAharaNa upasthita krte| yaha kArya unake bAda huye islAma ke sUphI tatvavettAoM ke bhAga meM aayaa| unhoMne 'tarka athavA tyAga dharma kA upadeza spaSTa zabdoM meM yU diyA "To abandon the world, its comforts and Press, all thigs now and to come, -conformally with thic Hadees of the Prophii. arthAt- "duniyA kA sambandha tyAga denA-tarka kara denA-usako AzAizoM aura pozAka-saba hI cIjoM ko ava kI aura Age kI-paigambara sAhaba kI hadIsa ke mutAbikA" - - - 1. K.K., p. 738. 2. Religious Attitude & Lifc in islam, p. 298 & K.K. 793. digambaratva aura digambara muni

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isa upadeza ke anusAra islAma meM tyAga aura vairAgya ko vizeSa sthAna milaa| usameM aise daraveza haye jo digambaratva ke himAyatI the aura tarkistAna meM 'abdalAAbdal), nApaka daraveza mAdarajAta naMge rahakara apanI sAdhanA meM lI rahate batAye gaye hai| islAma ke mahAna sUphI tatvettA aura suprasiddha 'manasvI' nAmaka grantha ke racayitA zrI jalAluddIna rumI digambaratva kA khalA upadeza nimna prakAra dete haiM1. "guphta masta ai mahataba bagujAra rakha-aja birahanA ke tavAM buradana gAva!" (jilda 2 saphA 262) 2. "jApA pozAMrA najara pAgAja rAsta-jAmai ariyA~ rA tajallo jevara ast|" (jilda 2 saphA 382) 3. "yAja ariyAnAna bayakasU bAja rava-yA yU~ IzAM phAriMga va bejAmA zava!" 4. "varanamI tAnI ki kula ariyA~ zabI-jAmA kama kuna tA raha aurata ravI!" (jilda 2 saphA 383) inakA urdU meM anuvAda 'ilhAme manjUma' nAmaka pustaka meM isa prakAra diyA huA 1. pasta bolA, mahataba, kara kAma jA, hogA kyA naMge se tU ahade vara aa| 2. hai najara dhobI pai jAmai-poza kI hai, tAllI jevara ariyAM tanI !! 3. yA virahanoM se ho yakasU vAkaI, yA ho unakI taraha bejApai akhI! 4, mutalakana ariyA~ jo ho sakatA nahIM, kapar3e kama yaha hai ki ausata ke karI!! bhAva spaSTa hai koI tArkika masta naMge daraveza se A uljhaa| usane sIdhe se kaha diyA ki jA apanA kAma kara, tU naMge ke sAmane Tika nahIM sktaa| vastradhArI ko hamezA dhobI kI phikara lagI rahatI hai, kintu naMge tana kI zobhA devI prakAza hai| basa, yA to tU naMge daravezoM se koI sarokAra na rakha athavA unakI taraha AjAda aura naMgA ho jA! aura agara ta ekadama dUsare kapar3e nahIM utAra sakatA to kama se kama kapar3e pahana aura madhyamArga ko grahaNa kr| kyA acchA upadeza hai| eka digambara jaina sAdhu bhI to yahI upadeza detA hai| isase digamvaratva kA islAma se sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| 1. "The higher saints of Islam, called Adals generally went about perfectly naked; as described by Miss Lucy M.Garnet in her exoellent account of the lives of Muslim Dervishes. entitled "Mysticism & Magic in Turkey."N.J., p. 10 2. jilda aura pRSTha ke nambara "masnavI ke urdU anuvAda "ilhAme manjUma ke haiN| (34) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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islAma ke isa upadeza ke anurUpa saikar3oM musalamAna phakIroM ne digambara veSa ko gatakAla meM dhAraNa kiyA thaa| unameM abulakAsima gilAnI aura sarapada zahIda ullekhanIya haiN| sarapada bAdazAha auraMgajeba ke sapaya meM dillI se hokara gujarA hai aura usake hajAro naMge ziSya bhArata bhara meM bikhare par3e the| vaha pUla meM kaz2ahAna (arameniyA) kA rahane vAlA eka IsAI vyApArI thaa| vijJAna aura vidyA kA bhI vaha vidvAna thaa| arabI acchI khAsI janatA thA aura vyApAra ke nimitta bhArata meM AyA thaa| ThaTTA (siMdha) meM eka hindU lar3ake ke izka meM par3akara majUnaM bana gyaa|' tadoparAMta islAma ke sUphI daravezoM kI saMgati meM par3akara musalamAna ho gyaa| masta naMgA baha zaharoM aura galiyoM meM phiratA thaa| vaha adhyAtmavAda kA pracAraka thaa| ghUmatA-dhAmatA vaha dillI jA ddraa| zAhajahA~ kA vaha anta sapaya thaa| dArAzikoha, zAhajahA~ bAdazAha kA bar3A lar3akA, usakA pakta ho gyaa| saramada Ananda se apane mata kA pracAra dillI meM karatA rhaa| usa samaya phrAMsa se Aye hue DA. barniyara ne khuda apanI A~khoM se use naMgA dillI kI galiyoM meM ghUmate dekhA thaa| kintu jaba zAhajahA~ aura dArA ko mArakara auraMgajeba bAdazAha huA to saramada kI AjAdI meM bhI aDaMgA par3a gyaa| eka mullA ne usakI nagnatA ke aparAdha meM use phAMsI para car3hAne kI salAha auraMgajeba ko dI, kintu auraMgajeba ne nagnatA ko isa daNDa kI vastu na sapajhA aura sarapada se kapar3e pahanane kI darakhvAsta kii| iene uttara meM sampada ne kahA "oNkasa ki turA kulAha sultAnI dAda, pArA hama o asvAba parezAnI dAda, pozAnIda labAsa harakarA aibe dIda, be aibA rA labAsa aryAnI daad|" yAni "jisane tumako bAdazAhI tAja diyA, usI ne hamako perazAnI kA sAmAna diyaa| jisa kisI meM koI aiba pAyA, usako libAsa pahanAyA aura jinameM aina na pAye unako naMgepana kA livAsa diyaa|" 1. K.K, p,739 and NJ.. pp. 8-9 2.J.G.,XX PP. 158-159 3. Bernier remarks : 'l was for a long time visgusled with a celebrated Fukire named Sarmen. Who paraded the streets of Delhi as naked as when he came into the world clc.' (Berniers Travels in the Mogul Empire. p. 317), 8. Emperor told the Ulema that Merc nudity cannot be a rcason of cxccution - J.G. XX, p. 158 digambarAca aura digambara muni

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| : bAdazAha isa rubAI ko sunakara cupa ho gayA, lekina saramada usake krodha se baca na paayaa| aba ke saramada phira aparAdhI banAkara lAyA gyaa| aparAdha sirpha yaha thA ki vaha 'kalamA' AdhA par3hatA hai jisake pAne hote hai ki 'koI khudA nahIM haiN| isa aparAdha kA daNDa use phAMsI milA aura vaha vedAnta kI bAteM karatA huA zahIda ho gayA / usako phAMsI diye jAne meM eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki vaha dArA kA dosta thA / ' saramada kI taraha na jAne kitane naMge musalamAna daraveza ho gujare haiN| bAdazAha ne use mAtra naMge rahane ke kAraNa sajA na do, yaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki vaha nagnatA ko burI cIja nahIM samajhatA thA aura sacamuca usa samaya bhArata meM hajAroM naMge phakIra the| ye daraveza apane naMge tana meM bhArI-bhArI jaMjIra lapeTa kara bar3e lambe-lambe tIrthATana kiyA karate the| sArAMzataH islAma majahaba meM digambaratva sAdhu pada kA cihna rahA hai aura usako amalI zakla bhI hajAroM musalamAnoM ne do hai aura cU~ki hajarata muhammada kisI naye siddhAnta ke pracAra kA dAvA nahIM karate, isaliye kahanA hogA ki RSabhAcala se prakaTa huI digambaratva - gaMgA kI eka dhArA ko islAma ke sUphI daravezoM ne bhI apanA liyA thaa| 1. jaima., pR. 4 / 3.GG, Vol. XX p. 159. "There is no Ciod" said Sarmad omitting but, Allah and Muhammad is His apostle." 3. "Among the vast number and endless variety of Fakires or Dervishes.....some carried a club like to Flercules, others had a dry & rough tiger-skin thrown over their shoulders....Several of these Fakires take long pilgrimages, not only naked, but laden with heavy iron chain such as are put about the legs of clephants."- Bernicr. p.317 digambaratva aura digambara puni (36)

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[6, IsAI maz2ahaba aura digambara sAdhu "And he stripped his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they said, is Saul also among the Prophets?" "Samuel XIX, 24 "At the same time spoke the Lord, by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, 'Go and loose the sackcloth from off the loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And he did so, walking naked and bare foot. " -Isaiah XX, 2 IsAI maz2ahaba meM bhI digambara kA mahatva bhulAyA nahIM gayA hai, balki bar3e mArke ke zabdoM meM usakA vahA~ pratipAdana huA milatA hai| isakA eka kAraNa haiN| jisa mahAnubhAva dvArA IsAI dharma kA pratipAdana huA thA vaha jaina zramaNoM ke nikaTa zikSA pA cukA thaa|' usane jaina dharma kI zikSA ko hI alaMkRta bhASA meM pAzcAtya dezoM meM pracalita kara diyaa| isa avasthA meM IsAI majahaba digambaratva ke siddhAnta se khAlI nahIM raha sakatA aura sacamuca bAIbila meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki " aura usane apane vastra utAra DAle aura saipuyala ke samakSa aisI hI ghoSaNA kI aura usa sAre dina tathA sArI rAta vaha naMgA rhaa| isa para unhoMne kahA, kyA sAla bhI paigambaroM meM se hai ?" - saimuyala 19/24 usI samaya prabhu ne ayoja ke putra IsAIyA se kahA- jA aura apane vastra utAra DAla aura apane pairoM se jUte nikAla DAla, ..... aura usane yahI kiyA naMgA aura naMge pairoM vaha vicarane lgaa| - IsAyyA 20/2 ina uddharaNoM se yaha siddha hai ki bAIbila bhI mumukSu ko digambara muni ho jAne kA upadeza detI hai aura kitane hI IsAI sAdhu digambara veSa meM raha bhI cuke haiN| IsAIyoM ke ina naMge sAdhuoM meM eka senTamerI (St. Marry of Egypt.) nAmaka sAdhvI bhI thii| yaha mizra deza kI sundara strI thI, kintu isane bhI kapar3e chor3akara nagna-veSa meM hI sarvatra vihAra kiyA thaa| 1. viko. bhA. 3, pR. 128 / 1 2. The History of European Morals, ch. 4 & N.J., p.6. digambaratva aura disambara muni (37)

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yahUdI (Jews) logoM kI prasiddha pustaka " The Ascension of Isaiah" (p.32) meM likhA hai "(Those) who belive in the ascension into heaven withdrew settled on the mountain... -They were all prophets (Saints) and they had nothing with them and were naked." I' arthAt vaha jo mukti kI prApti meM zraddhA rakhate the ekAnta meM parvata para jA jame / - ve saba santa the aura unake pAsa kucha nahIM thA aura ve naMge the / apasala pITara ne naMge rahane kI AvazyakatA aura vizeSatA ko nimna zabdoM meM bar3e acche DhaMga para "Clementine Homilies" meM darzA diyA hai "For we, who have chosen the future things, in so far as we possess more goods than these, whether they he clothings, or ....any other thing possess sins, because we ought not to have anything....To all of us possessions are sins.....The deprivation of these, in whatever way it may take place is the removal of sins. arthAta- kyoMki hama jinhoMne bhaviSya kI cIjoM ko cuna liyA hai, yahA~ taka ki hama unase jyAdA sAmAna rakhate haiM, cAhe ve phira kapar3e-latte hoM yA dUsarI koI cIz2a, pApa ko rakheM huye hai, kyoMki hameM kucha bhI apane pAsa nahIM rakhanA caahiye| hama sabake liye parigraha pApa hai| jaise bhI ho vaise inakA tyAga karanA pApoM ko haTAnA hai| digambaratva kI AvazyakatA pApa se mukti pAne ke liye Avazyaka hI hai| IsAI graMthakAra ne isake mahatva ko khUba darzA diyA hai| yahI vajaha hai ki IsAI maz2ahaba ke mAnane vAle bhI saikar3o digambara sAdhu ho gujare hai| (238) 9. N.J., p.6. R. Ante Nicene Christian Library, XVII, 240 & N.J., p.7. digambaratva aura digambara puni

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[7] digambara jaina muni "jadhajAdaruvajAda uppADida kesamaMsagaM suddh| rahiMdaM hisAdIdo appaDikammaM hadi lig||5|| mucchAraMbhavijuttaM juktaM uvajoga joga suddhiihi| liMga Na parAvekkhaM apuNapatra kAraNaM jonnhN||6||" -pravacanasAra digambara jaina muni ke liye jaina zAstroM meM likhA gayA hai ki unakA liMga athavA veza yathAjAtarUpa nagna haiM- sira aura dAdI ke unheM nahIM rakhane hote| ve ina sthAnoM ke bAloM ko hAtha se ukhAr3a kara pheMka dete hai-yaha unako kezalaJcana kriyA hai| isake atirikta digambara jaina puni kA veza zuddha, hiMsAdirahita. zrRMgArarahita, pamatA-Arambha rahita, upayoga ora yoga kI buddhi sahita ra vyAsa rhi| mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| sArAMza rUpa meM digambara jaina muni kA veSa yaha hai, kintu yaha itanA durddhara aura gahana hai ki saMsAra-prapaMca meM phaMse hue manuSya ke liye yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki vaha ekadama isa veza ko dhAraNa kara le, to phira kyA veza avyavahArya hai? jaina zAstra kahate hai, 'kadApi nhiiN|" aura yaha hai bhI ThIka kyoMki unameM digambaratva ko dhAraNa karane ke liye manuSya ko pahale se hI eka vaijJAnika DhaMga para taiyAra karake yogya banA liyA jAtA hai aura digambara pada meM bhI use apane pUla uddezya kI siddhi ke liye eka vaijJAnika DhaMga para hI jIvana vyatIta karanA hotA hai| jainetara zAstroM meM yadyapi digambara deza kA pratipAdana huA milatA hai. kintu unameM jainadharma jaise vaijJAnika niyama-pravAha kI kapI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki paramahaMsa vAnaprastha bhI unameM sapatnIka mila jAte hai| jaina dharma ke digambara sAdhuoM ke liye aisI bAteM bilkula asaMbhava hai| acchA to, digambara veSa dhAraNa karane ke pahale jaina dharma samakSa ke lie kina niyamoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai? jaina zAstroM meM sacamuca isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki eka gRhastha ekadama chalAMga mArakara digamvaratva ke unnata 1. yUnAnI lekhakoM ne unakA ullekha kiyA hai| dekhoA.I.1.181. digamyastha aura digambara muni (30)

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zaila para nahIM pahuMca sktaa| usako vahA~ taka pahuMcane ke lie kadama-ba-kadama Age bar3hanA hogaa| isI krama ke anurUpa jaina zAstroM meM eka gRhastha ke lie gyAraha darje niyata kiye gaye haiN| pahale darje meM pahu~cane para kahIM gRhastha eka zrAvaka kahalAne ke yogya hotA hai| yaha darje gRhastha kI Atmonnati ke sUcaka haiM aura inameM pahale darje se dUsare meM Atmonnatti kI vizeSatA rahatI hai| inakA vizada varNana jaina graMthoM meM jaise 'ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM khUba milatA hai| yahA~ itanA batA denA hI kAphI hai ki ina doM se gujara jAne para hI eka zrAvaka digambara pani hone ke yogya hotA hai| digambara muni hone ke liye yaha unakI 'TreniMga' hai aura sacamuca proSadhopavAsavrata pratimA se use naMge rahane kA abhyAsa karanA prAraMbha kara denA hotA hai| mAtra parva-aSTamI aura caturdazI ke dinoM meM vaha anAraMbhI ho, ghara bAhara kA kAma-kAja jher3akara, vrata-upavAsa karatA tathA digambara hokara dhyAna meM lIna hotA haiN|' pyArahavIM pratimA meM pahuMcakara vaha pAtra laMgoTI kA parigraha apane pAsa rahane detA hai aura gRhatyAgI vaha isake pahale ho jAtA hai|' gyArahavIM pratimA kA dhArI vaha 'ailaka yA kSullaka AdarapUrvaka vidhi sahita prAsuka bhojana, yadi gRhastha ke yahA~ milatA hai grahaNa kara letA hai| bhojanapAtra kA rakhanA bhI usakI khuzI para avalimbita hai| basa, yaha zrAvaka- pada kI carama sImA hai| 'muNDakopaniSad' ke 'muNDaka zrAvaka isake samatulya hote haiM kintu vahA~ vaha sAdhu kA zreSTha rUpa hai|' isake viparIta jaina dharma meM usake Age mani pada aura hai| muni pada meM pahuMcane ke liye ailaka- zrAvaka ko lAjamI taura para digambara-veSa dhAraNa karanA hotA hai aura muni dharma kA pAlana karane ke liye mUla aura uttara gaNoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| puniyoM ke mUla guNa jaina zAstroM meM isa prakAra batAe gae haiM 'paMcaya mahatvamA samidIo paca jinnvrodditttthaa| paMceviMdiyarohA champi ya AvAsayA loco / / 2 / / accela kamaNhANaM khidisayaNapadaMtadhassaNa cekA ThidibhoyaNebhattaM mUla guNA aTThabIsA du / / 3 / / puulaacaar|| arthAt- "pA~ca mahAvrata (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmAcarya aura aparigraha), jinabara kara upadezI huI pA~ca samitiyA~ (IryA samiti, bhASAsamiti. eSaNA samiti, AdAnanikSepaNa samiti, mUtraviSThAdika kA zuddha bhUmi meM kSepaNa arthAt pratiSThApanA samiti), pA~ca indriyoM kA nirodha (cakSu, kAna, nAka, jIbha, sparzana)-ina pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM kA nirodha karanA), chaha Avazyaka (sApAyika, caturvizatistava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, kAyotsarga), loca, Acelakya, 1. bhamavu., pR. 205 tathA bauddho ke 'aMgucara nikAya meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| 2. vIra, varSa 8. pR. 251-255) (40) digamparatva aura digambara muni

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asnAna, pRthvIzayana, aMdatagharSaNa, sthiti bhojana, eka bhakta- ye jaina sAdhuoM ke aTThAisa mUla guNa haiN|" ____ saMkSepa meM digambara muni ke ina aTThAisa pUla guNoM kA vivecanAtmaka varNana yaha (1) ahiMsA mahAvrata- pUrNataH mana-vacana-kAyapUrvaka ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana krnaa| (2) satya mahAvrata- pUrNataH rasAyakA pAla | (3)asteya mahAvrata-asteya dharma kA pAlana krnaa| (4) brahmacarya mahAvrata- brahmacarya dharma kA pAlana krnaa| (5) aparigraha mahAvrata-aparigraha dharma kA pAlana krnaa| (6) IryA samiti- prayojanavaza nijIMca mArga se cAra hAtha jamIna dekhakara clnaa| (7)bhASA samiti- paizUnya, vyartha hAsya, kaTora vacana, paraniMdA, svaprazaMsA, strI kathA, bhojana kathA, rAja kathA, cora kathA ityAdi vArtA chor3akara mAtra svaparakalyANaka vacana bolnaa| (8)epaNa samiti- ugdamAdi chiyAlIsa doSoM se rahit, kRtikArita nau vikalpoM se rahita, bhojana meM rAgadveSarahita- samabhAva se- binA nimaMtraNa svIkAra kare, bhikSA-velA para dAtAra dvArA par3agAhane para ityAdi rUpa bhojana krnaa| (9)AdAnanikSepaNa samiti- jJAnopakaraNAdi-pustakAdi kA yatnapUrvaka dekhabhAla kara utthaanaa-dhrnaa| (10)pratiSThApanA samiti ekAnta, harita va trasakAyarahita, gupta, dUra, bila-rahita, caur3e, lokanindA va virodha rahita sthAna meM mala-mUtra kSepaNa krnaa| (11)cakSunirodha vrata- sundara va asundara darzanIya vastuoM meM rAga-dveSAdi tathA Asakti kA tyaag| (12)karNendriya nirodha vrata- sAta svara rUpa jIvazabda (gAna) aura vINA Adi se utpatra ajIva zabda rAgAdi ke nimitta kAraNa hai, ataH inakA na sunnaa| (13)nANendriya nirodha vrata- sugandhi aura durgandha meM rAga-dveSa nahIM krnaa| (14)rasanendriya nirodha vrata- jihvAlampaTatA ke tyAga sahita aura AkAMkSA rahita pariNAmapUrvaka dAtAra ke yahA~ pile bhojana ko grahaNa krnaa| (15) sparzanendriya nirodha vrata- kaThora. narama Adi ATha prakAra kA duHkha athavA sukha rUpa sparza meM harSa- vipAda na rkhnaa| digambaratva aura digambara muni (41)

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(16) sAmAyika - jIvana - paraNa, saMyoga-viyoga, mitra-zatru, sukha-duHkha, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi bAdhAoM meM rAga-dveSa rahita samabhAva rakhanA, (17) caturviMzati - stava - RSabhAdi, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mana-vacanakAya kI zuddhatApUrvaka stuti krnaa| (18) vandanA- arahaMtadeva, nirgrantha guru aura jina zAstra ko mana-vacana-kAya kI zuddhi sahita binA mastaka namA namaskAra karanA | (19) pratikramaNa - dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva rUpa kiye gaye doSa ko zodhanA aura apane Apa prakaTa karanA / (20) pratyAkhyAna - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva- ina chahoM meM zubha mana, vacana, kAya se AgAmI kAla ke liye ayogya kA tyAga krnaa| (21) kAyotsarga - nizcita kriyArUpa eka niyata kAla ke liye jina guNoM kI bhAvanA sahita deha meM mamatva ko chor3akara sthiti honA / (22) kezaloMca- do, tIna yA cAra mahIne bAda pratikramaNa va upavAsa sahita dina meM apane hAtha se mastaka, dAr3hI, mUMcha ke bAloM kA ukhAr3anA / (23) acelaka - vastra, carma, TATa, tRNa Adi se zarIra ko nahIM r3hakanA aura AbhUSaNoM se bhUSita na honA / (24) asnAna - snAna ubaTana aJjana- lepana Adi kA tyaag| (25) kSitizayana - jIva bAdhA rahita gupta pradeza meM iNDe athavA dhanuSa ke samAna eka karavaTa se sonA / (26) adantadhAvana - aMgulI, nakha, dAtUna, tRNa Adi se danta-- mala ko zuddha nahIM karanA / (27) sthiti bhojana- apane hAthoM ko bhojanapAtra banAkara bhota Adi ke Azraya rahita cAra aMgulI ke antara se samapAda khar3e rahakara tIna bhUmiyoM kI zuddhatA se AhAra grahaNa krnaa| (28) eka bhakta - sUrya ke udaya aura asta kAla ko tIna ghar3I samaya chor3akara eka bAra bhojana krnaa| isa prakAra eka mumukSu digambara muni ke zreSThapada ko taba hI prApta kara sakatA hai jaba vaha uparyukta aTThAisa mUla guNoM kA pAlana karane lge| inake atirikta jaina muni ke lie aura bhI uttara guNoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai, kintu ye aTThAisa mUla guNa ho aise vyavasthita niyama haiM ki mumukSu ko nirvikArI aura yogI banA deN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja taka digambara jaina muni apane purAtana veSa meM dekhane ko nasIba (42) digambara aura digambara muni

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ho rahe haiN| yadi yaha vaijJAnika niyama pravAha jaina dharma meM na hotA to anya matAntaroM ke nagna sAdhuoM ke sadRza Aja digambara jaina sAdhuoM ke bhI darzana honA durlabha ho jaate| digambara sAdhu- naMge jaina sAdhu ke liye 'digambara sAdhu' pada kA prayoga karanA hI hama ucita samajhate haiM- ye upayukta prArambhika guNoM ko dekhate huye, jinake binA vaha muni hI nahIM ho sakatA, digambara puni ke jIvana ke kaThina zrama, indriya nigraha, saMyama, dharma bhAva, paropakAra vRtti, nizaMka rUpa ityAdi kA sahaja hI patA laga jAtA hai| isa dazA meM yadi ve nagadahA ho to Arya kanyA ! digambara muniyoM ke sambandha meM yaha jAna lenA bhI jarUrI hai ki unake (1) AcArya, (2) upAdhyAya aura (3) sAdhu rUpa tIna bhedoM ke anusAra kartavya meM bhI bheda hai| AcArya sAdhu ke guNoM ke atirikta sarvakAla sambandhI AdhAra ko jAnakara svayaM tadvat AcaraNa kare tathA dUsaroM se karAve, jaina dharma kA upadeza dekara mumukSuoM kA saMgraha kareM aura unako sAra-saMbhAra rkhe| upAdhyAya kA kArya sAdhu karma ke sAtha-sAtha jaina zAstroM kA paThana-pAThana karanA hai| jo mAtra uparyukta guNoM ko pAlatA huA jJAna-dhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai, vaha sAdhu hai| isa prakAra digambara muniyoM ko apane karttavya ke anusAra jIvanayApana karanA par3atA hai| AcArya mahArAja jI kA jIvana saMgha ke udyota meM hI lagA rahatA hai, isa kAraNa koI-koI AcArya vizeSa jJAna-dhyAna karane kI niyata se apane sthAna para kisI yogya ziSya ko niyukta karake svayaM sAdhu-pada meM A jAte haiN| muni-dazA ho sAkSAt mokSa kA kAraNa hai| digambaratva aura digambara muni

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[8] Powww 3.3vSvac. .. .. 25 . ra . .. 04. | digambara muni ke paryAyavAcI nAma digambara muni ke liye jainazAstroM meM aneka zabda vyavahata ye milate haiM, tathAni cainelara sAhitya meM eka hI adhika kAmoM se ullikhita huye haiN| saMkSepa meM unakA sAdhAraNa sA ullekha kara denA ucita hai, jisase kisI prakAra kI zaMkA ko sthAna na rhe| sAdhAraNataH digambara muni ke liye vyavahata zabda nimna prakAra dekhane ko milate haiM akaccha, akiJcana, acelaka (acelavratI). atithi, anagArI. aparigrahI. ahIka, Arya, RSi, gaNI, guru, jinaliMgI, tapasvI, digambara, digvAsa, nAna, nizcela. nigraMtha, nirAgAra, pANipAtra, bhikSaka, pahAvratI, pAhaNa, muni, yati, yogI, vAtavasana, vivasana, saMyamI (saMyata), sthavira, sAdhu, sanyastha, zramaNa, kSapaNakA saMkSepa meM inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1.akaccha'- laMgoTI rahita jaina muni| / 2.akiJcana-jinake pAsa kiMcit mAtra (jarA bhI)parigraha na ho baha jaina muni| 3.acelaka yA acelavatI- cela arthAta vastra rahita saadh| isa zabda kA vyavahAra jaina aura jenetara sAhitya meM huA milatA hai| mUlacAra meM kahA hai "accelaka loco vAsaTThasarIradA ya pddilihnnN| eso ha liMgakappo cad vidho hodinnaadvvo|| 908 / / " artha-'Acelakya arthAt kapar3e Adi saba parigraha kA tyAga, kezaloMca, zarIra saMskAra kA abhAva, pora pocho-yaha cAra prakAra liMgabheda jaannaa|' zvetAmbara jaina graMtha "AcArAMgasUtra" meM bhI acelaka zabda prayukta huA milatA "je acele pari cusie tassaNaM bhikkhussaNo evabhanada" "acelae tato cAI, taM vosajja vtthmnngaare|" unake 'ThANAMgasUtra meM haiM "paMcahi ThANehi sapaNe niggathe acelae sacelayAhi niggaMthIhiM saddhiM sevasayANe naaikkpii|" 1. vRjeza., pR. 4 / 2. hidi 3, pRSTha 326 / 4. AcA.,pR. 151 / 5. adhyAya 1, uddezya 1, sUtra 4. / (44) digambaratya aura digambara muni

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arthAt-"aura bhI pA~ca kAraNa se vastra rahita sAdhu vastra sahita sAdhvI sAtha rahakara jinAjJA kA ullaMghana karate haiN| bauddha zAstroM meM bhI jaina muniyoM kA ullekha 'acelaka rUpa meM huA milatA hai| jaise "pATikayutta avelo"- acelaka pATika putra, yaha jaina sAdhu the| cInI tripiTaka meM bhI jaina sAdhu "acelaka' nAma se ullikhita hue haiN|' bauddha TIkAkAra buddhaghoSa 'acelaka se bhAva nagna kelete haiN|" 4.atithi- jJAnAdi siddhartha tanusthityarthAnnAya yaH svayam, yatnenAtati meha vA na tithiryasya so'tithiH| -sAmAra dharmAmRta, a.5, zlo. 42 jinake upavAsa, vrata Adi karane ko gRhastha zrAvaka ke samAna aSTamI Adi koI khAsa tithi (tArIkha) niyata na ho, jaba cAhe kreN| 5.anagAra-AgArarahita, gRhatyAgI digambara muni| isa zabda kA prayoga aNayAramaharisINaM-mUlAcAra, anagAra bhAvanAdhikAra, zlo. 2 meM, anagAra maharSiNAM isakI zloka kI saMskRta chAyA aura na vidyate'gAraM gRhaM strayAdikaM yeSAMte'nagAra" isI zloka kI saMskRta TIkA meM milatA hai| zvetAmbarIya AcArAMga sUtra meM haiM "taM vosajja vtth-mnngaare| 6.aparigrahI- tilatSapAtra parigraha rahita digambara muni| 7.ahnIka- lajjAhIna, naMge muni| isa zabda kA prayoga ajaina graMthakAroM ne digambara muniyoM ke lie ghRNA prakaTa karate hue kiyA hai, jaise bauddhoM ke 'dAThAvaMza meM hai - __ 'ime ahirikA sabbe sddhaadigunnvjjitaa| zraddhA saTAca dupaJcA sammamokkha vibndhkaa||88||' bauddha naiyAyika kamalazIla ne bhI jainoM kA 'ahrIka' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai (ahnIkAdayazcodayanti, syAdvAda parIkSA pra. 'tatvasaMgraha', pR. 486) / vAcaspati abhidhAnakoSa meM bhI 'ahrIka' ko digambara muni kahA gayA hai-"ahrIka kSapaNake tasya digambaratvena lajjAhInatvAt tdhaatvm|" 'hetubindutarkaTIkA' meM bhI jaina muni ke dharma kA ullekha 'kSapaNaka' aura 'ahrIka' nAma se huA hai tathA zvetAmbarAcArya zrI vAdidevasari ne bhI apane 'syAdvAda-ratnAkara' graMtha meM digambara jainoM kA ullekha ahrIka nAma se kiyA hai| (syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 230) 1, ThANA., pR561| 2. bhamayu., pR 10, 255 / 3. "vIra", varSa 4, 5. 353 / 4, acelako'tiniccelo nggo|'IO.III. p.245 / 5.bRjeza., pR.4| 6. AcA, pR. 210 / 7. dAThA., pR14| 8. purAtatva varSa 5, aMka 4, pR. 266,267 / digambaratya aura digambara muni

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8.Arya- digambara muni| digambarAcArya zivArya apane digambara guruoM kA ullekha isI nAma se karate haiM "ajja jiNaNaMdigaNi, savvagattagaNi ajjmittnnNdiinn| avagapiya pAdamUle sammasuttaM ca atthaM c|| puvyAyariya NivaddhA upajIvitA imA ssttiie| ArAdhaNa sivajjeNa pANidala bhojiNA ridaa|" yaha saba Arya (sAdhu) pANipAtrabhojI digambara the| 9.RSi- digambara sAdhu kA eka bheda hai (yaha zabda vizeSatayA RddhidhArI sAdhu ke lie vyavahata hotA hai) zrI kundakundAcArya isakA svarUpa isa prakAra nirdiSTa karate haiM -- 'Naya, rAya, dosa, moho, koho, loho, ya jassa aayttaa| paMca mahavvayadhArA AyadaNaM maharisI bhaNiyaM / / 6 / arthAta- mada, rAga, doSa, poha, krodha, lobha, mAyA Adi se rahita jo paMcamahAvratadhArI haiM, vaha pahARSi haiN| 10.gaNI-muniyoM ke gaNa meM rahane ke kAraNa digambara muni isa nAma se prasiddha hote haiN| 'mUlAcAra me isakA ullekha nimna prakAra huA hai "vissamido tadivasaM momaMsitA Nivedayadi gnninno|" 11.guru- ziSyagaNa-puni zrAvakAdi ke liye dharmaguru hone ke kAraNa digambara muni isa nAma se bhI abhihita hai| ullekha yU pilatA hai "eva ApucchitA sagavara guruNA visajjio sNto|" 12.jinaliMgI- "janendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa nagna veSa kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa digambara muni isa nApa se bhI prasiddha haiN| 13.tapasvI-vizeSatara tapa meM lIna hone ke kAraNa digambara mani tapasvI kahalAte haiN| 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' meM isakI vyAkhyA nimna prakAra kI gaI hai "viSayAzAbazAtIto niraarmbho'prigrhH|| jJAna-dhyAna-taporaktastasvI sa prshsyte||10|| 14.digambara- dizAyeM unake vastra haiM isaliye jaina muni digambara haiN| muni kanakAmara apane ko jaina muni huA digambara zabda se hI prakaTa karate haiM 1. jaihi, , pA. 12, pR. 360 / 2. aSTa., pR. 114 // 3.mUlA.,pR. 75 | 4. mUlA, pR.67| 5.vRjeza.. pR. 4 // 6.ra.pA., pR.8| digambarapa au digambara muni

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"bairAyahaM hubaI diyNvrenn| suprasiddha NApa knnyaaprnn|| hindU purANAdi granthoM meM bhI jaina muni isa nAma se ullikhita hue haiN|' 15.dimvAsa- yaha bhI naM. 14 ke bhAva meM prayukta huA jainetara sAhitya meM milatA hai| 'viSNu purANa' meM (5 / 10) meM haiM-digyAsasApayaM dhrmH| 16. nagna-yathAjAtarUpa jaina muni hote hai, isaliye vaha nagna kahe gae haiN| zrI kudakandAcArya jI ne isa kAma kA ullekha kiyA hai "bhAveNa hoi Nago, vAhiraliMgeNa kiM ca nnggenn|" varAhamihira kahate haiM-"nagnAna jinAnAM viduH| 17. nizcela- vastra rahita hone ke kAraNa yaha nAma hai| ullekha isa prakAra haiM "Niccela pANipattaM uvaiheM parama jinnvriNdehi|"5 18. nigraMtha- graMtha arthAt antara-bAhara sarvathA parigraha rahita hone ke kAraNa digambara pani isa nAma se bahuta prAcIna kAla se prasiddha haiN| "dharmaparIkSA meM nigraMtha sAdhu ko bAhyAbhyantara grantha (parigraha) rahita nagna hI likhA hai tyaktabAhyAntarapaeNtho niHkaSAyo jitendriyH| parIpahasahaH sAdhurjAtarUpadharo mataH / / 18 / 76 / / ' "mUlAcAra" meM bhI acelaka mUla guNa kI vyAkhyA karate huye sAdhu ko nigraMtha bhI kahA gayA hai "vatthAjiNavakkeNa ya ahavA pattAdiNA asNvrnn| NibhUsaNa NiggaMthaM accailakkaM jagadi puujj||30||" ___'bhadrabAhu caritra' ke nimna zloka bhI nirtha zabda kA bhAva digambara prakaTa karate 'nigraMtha-mArgamatsRjya sagranthatvena ye jdd'aaH| vyAcakSante zivaM nRNAM tadvaco na ghaTApaTeta / / 95 / / ' artha-"jo pUrkha loga nigraMtha pArga ke binA parigraha ke sadabhAva meM bhI manuSyoM ko mokSa kA prApta honA batAte haiN| unakA kahanA pramANabhUta nahIM ho sktaa|" 1. vIra, varSa 4, pR. 201 / 2. viSNu purANa meM hai 'digambaro muNDo barhapatradharaH' (5-2), padyapurANa (bhUtikhaNDa, adhyAya 66), prabodhacandrodayanATaka, aMka 3 (digambara siddhAntaH, paMcatantraH "ekAkI gRhasaMtyakta pANipAtro digmbrH|" -paMcatantra 3. aSTa., pR. 200 / 4. barAhamihira, 19 / 62 / 5. aSTa. pR.63| 6. mUlA. pR. 13 / 7, bhadra., 78 v86| digambaratva aura digambara muni (47)

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"aho nigraMthatA zUnyaM kipidaM nautanaM ptm| na me'tra yujyate gantu paatrdnnddaadipnndditm|| 145 / / " / arth-"aho| nigraMthatArahita yaha daNDa pAtrAdi sahita navIna mata kauna hai? inake pAsa perA jAnA yogya nahIM hai|" 'bhagavanmadAgnahAdagnyA gRhnniitaapr-puujitaam| nigraMthapadavI pUtAM hitvA saMga mudaakhilm||149|| artha- bhagavana! mere Agraha se Apa saba parigraha chor3akarapahale grahaNa kI huI devatAoM se pUjanIya tathA pavitra nigraMtha avasthA grahaNa kiijiye|" 'saMga' zabda kA artha agale zloka meM jaMgavara mAvi ma... vimA hai| u mala kapaSTa hai ki nigraMtha avasthA vastrAdirahita digambara hai| kintu durbhAgya se jaina-samAja meM kucha aise loga ho gae haiM jinhoMne zithilAcAra ke poSaNa ke lie vastrAdi parigrahayukta avasthA ko bhI nigraMtha mArga ghoSita kara diyA hai| Aja unakA saMpradAya 'zvetAmbasjaina nAma se prasiddha hai| yadyapi unake parAtana graMtha digambara veSa ko prAcIna aura zreSTha mAnate haiM, kintu apane ko prAcIna saMpradAya prakaTa karane ke liye yaha vastrAdi yukta bhI nigraMtha mArga pratipAdita karate haiN| yaha mAnyatA puSTa nahIM hai| isaliye saMkSepa meM isa para yahA~ vicAra kara lenA samucita hai| zvetAmbara graMtha isa bAta ko prakaTa karate haiM ki digambara (nagna) dharma ko bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne pAlana kiyA thA-vaha svayaM digambara rahe the aura digamvara veSa itara veSoM se zreSTha haiM, tathApi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nitha zramaNa aura digambaratva kA pratipAdana kiyA thA aura AgamI tIrthakara bhI usakA pratipAdana kareMge, yaha bhI zvetAmbara zAstra prakaTa karate hai| ataH svayaM unake anusAra bhI vastrAdiyukta veSa zreSTha aura mUla nigraMtha dharma nahIM ho sktaa| ___ "zvetAmbarAcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ne bhI apane "tatvanirNayaprAsAda" meM nigraMtha' zabda kI vyAkhyA digambara bhAvapoSaka rUpa meM do hai, yathA 1. kalpasUtra-1.S.PL.I.,P.2851 2. AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA hai Those are called naked, who in this world never returning to a worldy stale), (follow) my rcligion according to the commandment. This highest doctrine has here been declared for mun"-J.S.1,P.56. "AuraNa bajjiyANaM vizuddhajiNakappiyANantu / " / artha-"vastrAdi AvaraNayukta sAdhu se rahita jinakalpi sAdhu vizuddha hai| saMvat . 5.34 meM mudrita pravacanasAroddhAra, bhAga 3, pR. 13 // 3. "sajahAnAmae ajomae samaNANa niggaMdhANaM nAgabhAve muNDa bhAve aNhANae adantavaNe acchattae aNuvAhaNae bhUmisejjA phalaga-sajjA kaTThasejjA kesaloe baMdhacerabAse digambarava aura digammara muni

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'kaMthA kaupInottarA saMgAdInAm tyAginoM yathA jAtarUpadharA nirgrathA niSparigrahAH / " jainetara sAhitya aura zilAlekhIya sAkSI bhI ukta vyAkhyA kI puSTi karatI hai| vaidika sAhitya meM 'nirgratha' zabda kA vyavahAra 'digambara sAdhu ke rUpa meM hI huA milatA hai| TIkAkAra utpala kahate haiM? - " nirgrathoM nagnaH kSapaNakaH / " isI taraha sAyaNAcArya bhI nirgratha zabda ko digambara muni kA dyotaka prakaTa karate haiM? - tyAginA, nirgrathA "kathA niSparigrahAH / iti saMvartazrutiH / hindUpadyaparANa' meM digambara jaina muni ke mukha se kahalAyA gayA hai"arhato devatA yatra, nirgratho gururucyate / " kauponottarA saMgAdinAm yathAjAtarUpadharA aba yadi nigraMtha ke mAtra vastradhArI sAdhu ke hote to digambara muni use apane dharma kA guru na btaate| isase spaSTa hai ki yahA~ bhI nirgratha zabda digambara muni ke rUpa meM vyavahRta huA hai| "brahmANDapurANa" ke upoddhAta 3, a. 14, pR. 104 meM hai "nagnAdayo na pazyeyuH zrAddhakarma - vyavasthitam ||34|| " arthAta- "jaba zrAddhakarma meM lage taba nagnAdikoM ko na dekhe|" aura Age isase pRSTha para 39 veM zloka meM likhA hai ki nagnAdika kauna haiM? "vRddha zrAvaka nirgrathAH ityAdi" / 3 vRddha zrAvaka zabda kSullaka - ailaka kA dyotaka hai tathA nirgratha zabda digambara muni kA dyotaka hai arthAt jaina dharma ke kisI bhI gRhatyAgI sAdhu ko zrAddhakarma ke samaya lAvaladdha vittIo jAtra paNNattAo evAmeva mahA paramevi arahA samaNANaM NiggaMthANaM nAgabhAve jAva sadbhAvala vittIo jAva patradehitti / " arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM ki zramaNa nirgratha ko nagnabhAva, muNDabhAva, asnAna, chatra nahIM karanA, pagarakhI nahIM pahananA, bhUmizaiyA, kezaloMca, brahmacarya pAlana, anya ke graha meM bhikSArtha jAnA, AhAra kI vRtti jaise maine kahIM vaise mahApadya arahaMta bhI kheNge| ThANA, pR. 813 / 'nagiNApiDolagAhamA | muNDakaNDu viNaNa / / 72 / / 'ahAi bhagavaM evaM se daMte davie vosakAetrivacce-mAhaNoti va 'bhittitrA, miragaMthetti vA paDibhAra bhete|' 1. LH.O.III, 245. 2. tatvanirNayaprasAda, pra. 523 tra di. jai. 10-1-48. 3. ke jai. digambAtva aura digambara muni pR. 14 / - sayAMga samaNeti vA, - sUyaDAMga, 258 (49)

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nahIM dekhanA cAhiye, kyoMki saMbhava hai ki vaha upadeza dekara usakI nissAratA prakaTa kara deN| ataH vaidika sAhitya ke ullekhoM se bhI nirgratha zabda nagna sAdhu ke liye prayukta huA siddha hotA hai| bauddha sAhitya bhI isa hI bAta kA poSaNa karatA hai| usameM 'nirgratha' zabda sAdhu rUpa meM sarvatra nagna muni ke bhAva meM prayukta huA milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bauddha sAhitya meM unake kula apekSA nirgratha nAtaputta kahA hai aura zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya se bhI yaha prakaTa hai ki nirgratha mahAvIra digambara rahe the| bauddha zAstra bhI unheM nigraMtha aura acelaka prakaTa karate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki bauddhoM ne 'nirgratha' aura 'acelaka' zabdoM ko eka hI bhAva (Sense) meM prayukta kiyA hai arthAt nagna sAdhu ke rUpa meM, tathApi bauddha sAhitya ke nimna uddharaNa bhI isa hI bAta ke dyotaka haiM'dIghanikAya graMtha ( 1 | 78-79 meM likhA hai ki "Pasendi, King of Kosal saluted Niganthas." arthAt- kauzala kA rAjA pasanadI (prasenajita) nirgratho (nagna jaina muniyoM) ko namaskAra karatA thaa| bauddhoM ke 'mahAra' nAmaka graMtha meM likhA hai ki "eka bar3I saMkhyA meM nidhagaNa vaizAlI meM sar3aka - sar3aka aura caurAhe caurAhe para zora macAte daur3a rahe the| isa ullekha se digambara muniyoM kA usa samaya nirbAdha rUpa meM rAja mArgo se calane kA samarthana hotA hai| ve aSTamI aura caturdazI ko ikaTThe hokara dharmopadeza bhI diyA karate MA 'vizAkhA' meM bhI nirgrartha sAdhu ko nagna prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| " 'dIrghanikAya' ke 'pAsAdika suttanta' meM hai ki "jaba nigandra nAtaputta kA nirvANa ho gayA to nirgratha muni Apasa meM jhagar3ane lge| unake isa jhagar3e ko dekhakara zveta vastradhArI gRhI zrAvaka bar3e duHkhI huye| aba yadi nirgratha sAdhu bhI zveta vastra pahanate hote to zrAvakoM ke liye eka vizeSaNa rUpa meM na likhe jaat| ataH isase bhI 'nirgratha sAdhu' kA nagna honA prakaTa hai| (50) 1. majjhimanikAya 1 92 aMguttaranikAya 1 / 220 // 2. jAtaka bhA. 2, pR. 182 bhaebu. 245 // 3. Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 1. p. 153. 4. mahAvagga 2 / 1 / 1 aura bha mahAvIra aura ma buddha 5280 // 5. ma. pU. 252 / 6. "tasma kAlakiriyAya bhitrA nigaNTha hadhika jAnA, bhaNDana jAtA kalaha jAtA vadho evaM khomajenigaNThe nAtha puttiyesu vartati se pi nigansa nAthaputtassa sAbakA gihI odAtavasanA...du rakkhAte ityAdi / [[PTS. III. 117 118) bhamatu 214 / disambara aura digambara suni

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'dAThAvaMso meM ahirikA zabda ke sAtha-sAtha nigaNTha zabda kA prayoga jaina sAdhu ke liye hu-sA milatA hai aura hamArA hirika zabda nAka dyotaka hai| isaliye bauddha sAhityAnusAra bhI nigraMtha sAdhu ko nagna mAnanA ThIka hai| zilAlekhIya sAkSI bhI isI bAta ko puSTa karatI hai| kadambavaMzI mahArAja zrI vijayazivamRgeza varmA ne apane eka tAmrapatra meM ahaMta bhagavAna aura zvetAmbara mahAzramaNa saMgha tathA nigraMtha arthAt digambara mahAzramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga ke liye kAlavaMga nAmaka grAma ko bheMTa meM dene kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha tAmrapatra I. pAMcavI zatAbdI kA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki taba ke zvetAmbara bhI apane ko nigraMtha na kahakara digambara saMgha ko hI nitha saMgha mAnate the| yadi yaha bAta na hotI to vaha apane ko 'zvetapaTa aura digambara ko 'nigraMtha na likhAne dete| kadamba tAmrapatra ke atirikta vikrama saM. 1161 kA gvAliyara se milA eka zilAlekha bhI isI bAta kA samarthana karatA hai| usameM digambara jaina yazodeva ko 'nirgrathanAtha' arthAt digambara muniyoM ke nAtha zrI jinendra kA anuyAyI likhA hai| ataH isase bhI spaSTa hai ki 'nirgatha' zabda digambara muni kA ghotaka hai|' cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ke varNana se bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki nigraMtha' kA bhAva nagna arthAt digambara muni haiM The Li-hi (Niyanth's) distinguish themselves lyy leaving thuir bodies naked and pulling out their hair" (St. Julien, Vienna, p.224). ataH ina saba pramANoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'nigraMtha' zabda kA ThIka bhAva digambara (nagna) muni kA hai| 19. nirAgAra- AgAra-ghara Adi parigraha rahita digambara muni| 'parigaharahio niraayaaro'| 1. 'isameM ahirikA sabve saddhAdiguNa vjjitaa| yaddhA sAThAca duppajjAsAgamokkha vibandhakA |188 / / iti so cintayitvAna gRhasIvo nraadhipo| pavAjesi sakAraTThA nigaNThe te apeske||89 / / -dAThAvaMso, pR. 14 2. kadambA zrI vijayazivagezaM varmA kAlavagaM grAma vighA vibhajya dattavAna atrapUrvamarhacchAlA paramapuSkalasthAna nivAsibhyaH pagavardahanmahAjinendra devatAbhya ekobhAgaH dvitIyohatproktasaddharmakaraNa parasya zvetapaTa mahAzramaNasaMghopabhogAya tRtIyo nigrNthmhaashrmnnsNghopbhogaayeti...| -jaihi.. bhA. 14,pR. 222 / 3. The (iwalior inscrips of Vik. 1161 (1104 A.D.). "11 was composed by a Jaina Yasodeva, who was an adherent of the digambara or nude sect (Nigranihanalha)."-Catalogue of Archacalogical Exhibits in the U.P.P. Muscum, Lucknow, Pt.I (1915), p. 44, digambaratva aura digambara muni (5)

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20. pANipAtra- karapAtra hI jinakA bhojanapAtra hai, vaha digmbrmuni| "Niccela pANipataM' ubaiThaM parama jinnvriNdehi|' 21. bhikSaka-bhikSAvRtti kA dhAraka hone ke kAraNa digambara puni isa nAma se prasiddha hotA hai| isakA ullekha 'mUlAcAra' meM milatA hai "maNavacakAyapauttI bhikkhU saavjjkjsNjuttaa| khi NivArayaMto tihi du gutto havadi eso||331|| 22. mahAvratI'-paMca mahAvratoM ko pAlana karane ke kAraNa digambara muni isa nAma se pragaTa haiN| 23. mAhaNa mamatva tyAgI hone ke kAraNa mAhaNa nAma se digambara muni abhihita hotA hai| 24. muni- digambara sAdhu zrI kundakundAcArya isa kA ullekha yU karate haiM - "paMca pahabvayajuttA paMciMTiya saMjamA giraavekkhaa| sajjhAyajhANajuttA maNivara vasahA jiicchti||' 25, yati-digambara pani kundakanda svAmI kahate haiM "suddhaM saMjamacaraNaM jaidhamma NikkalaM vocche" 26. yogI-yoganirata hone ke kAraNa digambara sAdha kA yaha nAma hai| yathA "jaM jANiyUNa joI jo attho joi UNa aNavarayA avvAbAhamaNataM ayovayaM lahai nnivyaannN||" 27. vAtavasana-vAyurUpI vastradhArI arthAt digambara muni| "zramaNa digambarAH zramaNa vAtavasanAH" -itinighaNTuH 28. vivasana- vastra rahita muni| vedAntasUtra ko TIkA meM digambara jaina muni 'vivasana' aura 'visic' kahe gae haiN| 21. saMyamI(saMyat)- yamaniyamoM kA pAlaka so digambara muni| ullekha yUM hai paMcamahavvaya jatto tihi gatihiM jo sa saMjado hoi|" 30. sthavira dIrgha tapasvI rUpa digambara mni| 'malAcAra' meM ullekha isa prakAra : sthavira- dIrgha "tattha Na kappai vAsojattha ime Natthi paMca aadhaary| 1, vRjeza, pR. 4 / 2. aSTa. pR.142| 3. aSTa.,pR.99) 4. aSTa.,pR. 290 / 5. aSTa,,pR. 290 / . 6. vedAntasUtra 2-2-33 - zaMkarabhASya-vIra, varSa 2, pR. 317 / 7. aSTa,, pR.71| 8. mUlA., pR.71| (52) digambatva aura digambara muni

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AiriyauvajjhAyA pavatta therA gaNadharA yaa|" 31. sAdhu-AtmasAdhanA meM lIna digambara muni| inako bhI kucha parigraha na rakhane kA vidhAna hai - 32. saMnyasta 2- saMnyAsa grahaNa kiye hue hone ke kAraNa digambara muni isa nAma se bhI prakhyAta haiN| 33. zramaNa-arthAt saparasI 'pAva sahita digambara saadhu| ullekha yUM hai 5 tava sAvA (kadama apamAna 'samaNometi ya paDhama vidiyaM sabbattha saMjado petti|" 34. kSapaNaka-nagna saadhu| digambarAcArya yogIndra deva ne yaha zabda digambara sAdhu ke lie prayukta kiyA hai "taruNau bUDhau rUpaDau sUrau paMDiGa divyu| khavaNau vaMdau sevaDasUr3ha maNNai svv||83|| zvetAmbara jaina graMtho meM bhI digambarapaniyoM ke liye yaha zabda vyavahata huA hai| "khomANarAjakulajo'pisamadra sari / gacchaM zazAsa kila dapatraNa pramANa (?) / jitvA tadAM kSapaNakAnsvavazaM vitene nAgeMdrade (?) bhujaganAthanamasya tiirth|" zrI munisundara suri ne apanI gurvAvalI meM isa zloka ke bhAva meM 'kSapaNakAn' ko jagaha 'digavasanAna pada kA prayoga karake ise digambara muni ke liye prayukta huA spASTa kara diyA hai| zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ne apane koSa meM 'nagna' kA paryAyavAcI zabda 'kSapaNakabhI diyA hai| yahI bAta zrIdharasena ke koSa se bhI prakaTa hai| ajaina zAstroM meM bhI 'kSapaNaka' zabda digambara jaina sAdhuoM ke lie vyavahata huA milatA hai| 'utpala kahatAhai ? - "nidho nagnaH ksspnnkH|" "advaitabrahmasiddha' (pR.169) se bhI yahI prakaTa hai 1. aSTa pR.67| 2. vRjeza. pR.4| 3. aSTa,pR. 37 / 4. bhUlA., pR. 45 / 5. 'paramAtma prakAza-razrA. pR. 140 6. rshraa,,pR.139| 7. rA., pR. 140 / 8, nagno vivAsasi mAgadhe ca ksspnnke|' 9. 'nagnastriSu vivastre sayAtpusi kSapaNavandinoH / ' digambarAya aura digambara muni

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"kSapaNakA jainamArgasiddhAntapravartakA iti kecit|" "prabodhacaMdrodaya nATaka" (aMka 3) meM bhI yahI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai "kSapaNakavezo digmbrsiddhaantH|" "paMcataMtra-aparIkSitakArakataMtra "dazakumAra caritra " thA mudrArAkSasa-nATaka"" meM bhI "kSapaNaka" zabda digambara muni ke lie vyavahRta huA milatA hai| moniyara viliyamsa ke saMskRta koSa' meM bhI isakA artha yahI liAtA hai| __isa prakAra uparyukta nApoM se digambara jaina muni prasiddha huye milate haiN| ataeva inameM se kisI bhI zabda kA prayoga digambara puni kA dyotaka hI samajhanA caahiye| 1. HO.111,245, 13 JG.,XIVAS. 2.J.G.,XIV48. 3. (kSapaNaka vihAra gatvA)-"ekAkIgRhasaMtyataH pANipAtro digmbrH|' 4. dvitIya ucchavAsa, vIra, varSa 2, pR. 317 / 5. mudrArAkSasa. aMka 4-vIra, trarpa 5, pR. 430 6." kaspnaka is a rcligious mendicant, specially a Jain mendicant who wears no gurnicnt." - Monics William's, Sanskrit Dictionary, p.326, (54) digambaratya aura digambara pani

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[9] | itihAsAtIta kAla meM digambara muni / An "AtithyarUpaM mAsaraM mahAvIrasya nAma: rUpamupasadA petattisro rAtrIH suraasutaa|" -yajuveMda, a.19.paMtra 14 bhAratavarSa kA ThIka-ThIka itihAsa IstrI pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI taka mAnA jAtA hai| isake pahale kI koI bhI bAta vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jAtI, yadyapi bhAratIya vidvAna apanI-apanI dhArmika-vArtA isa kAla se bhI bahata prAcIna pAnate aura use vizvammanoya svIkAra karate haiN| unakI yaha vArtA 'itihAsAtIta kAla' kI vArtA sapajhanI caahiye| digambara muniyoM ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta hai| bhagavAna Rpabhadeva dvArA eka ajJAta atIta meM digambara mudrA kA pracAra huA aura taba se vaha IsvI pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI taka hI balki Aja taka ziH dhalita haiN| vilamba pudrA ke isa itihAsa kI eka sAmAnya rUparekhA yahA~ prastuta karanA abhISTa hai| itihAsAtIta kAla meM prAcIna jaina zAstra aneka jaina-samrATa aura jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA honA prakaTa karate hai aura unake dvArA digambara mudrA kA pracAra bhArata meM hI nahIM balki dUra-dUra dezoM taka ho gayA thaa| digambara jaina AmnAya ke prathamAna yoga sambandhI zAstra isa kathA-vArtA se bhare huve haiM, unako hama yahA~ duharAnA nahIM cAhate, pratyuta janatA zAstroM ke prapAgoM ko upasthita karake hama yaha siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki digambara muni prAcIna kAla se hote Aye haiM aura unakA vihAra sarvatra nirvAdha rUpa se hotA rahA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM veda prAcIna graMtha pAne gaye haiN| ataH sabase pahile unhIM ke AdhAra se ukta vyAkhyA ko puSTa karanA zreSTha hai| kintu isa sambandha meM yaha bAta dhyAna dane yogya hai ki vedI ka ThIka-ThIka artha Aja nahIM milate aura bhAratIya dharmoM ke pArasparika virodha ke kAraNa bahuta se aise ullekha unameM se nikAla diye gaye athavA artha badalakA rakhe gae haiM jiname veda-bAhya sampradAyoM kA samarthana hotA thaa| isI ke sAtha yaha bAta bhI hai ki vedoM ke vAstavika artha Aja hI nahIM muddatoM pahale lupta ho cuke the aura yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI veda ke aneka vibhinna bhASya milate haiN| ataH vedoM ke mUla vAkyoM ke anusAra ukta vyAkhyA kI puSTi karanA yahA~ abhISTa haiN| 1. I. pUrva. 7 vIM zatAbdi kA vaidika vidvAna kautsya vedoM kI anarthaka batalAtA hai| (anarthakA hi mNtraaH| yAska, nirUkta 15-1) yAska isakA samarthana karatA hai| (nirukta 16 / 2 dekho'Asur India', p.1,9 digambaratya aura digambara pani (55)

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'yajurveda (a. 19, maMtra 14 ) meM, jo isa pariccheda ke AraMbha meM diyA huA hai, antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA smaraNa nagna vizeSaNa ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| 'mahAvIra' aura 'nagna' zabda jo ukta mantra meM prayukta huye hai unake artha koSa graMtho meM aMtima jaina tIrthaMkara aura digambara hI milate haiN| isaliye isa maMtra kA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra se mAnanA ThIka hai| vaise bauddha sAhityAdi se spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra svAmI nagna sAdhu the| isa avasthA meM ukta maMtra meM 'mahAvIra' zabda 'nagna' trizeSaNa sahita prayukta huA, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki usake racayitA ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA ullekha karanA iSTa hai| isa maMtra meM jo zeSa vizeSaNa hai vaha bhI jaina tIrthaMkara ke sarvathA yogya haiM aura isa maMtra kA phala bhI jaina zAstrAnukUla hai / ataH yaha maMtra bhagavAn mahAvIra ko digambara puni prakaTa karatA hai| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra to aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAna liye gaye haiM, isaliye unase pahale ke vaidika ullekha prastuta karanA ucita hai| saubhAgya se hameM RksaMhitA (10 | 136 - 2 ) meM aisA ullekha nimna zabdoM meM mila jAtA hai"munayo vAtavasanAH / " bhalA yaha vAtavasana - digambara muni kauna the ? hindu purANa graMtha batAte haiM ki ve digambara jaina muni the| jaise ki hama pahale dekha cuke hai aura bhI dekhiye, zrImadbhAgavat meM jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne jina RSiyoM ko digambaratva kA upadeza diyA thA, ve 'bAtarazanAnAM zramaNa' kaha gaye haiN| o. albaTa vaibara bhI ukta vAkya ko digambara jaina muniyoM ke liye prayukta huA vyakta karate haiN| * 1 isake atirikta atharvaveda (a. 15) meM jina 'vrAtya' puruSoM kA ullekha hai, ve digambara jaina hI haiM, kyoMki vrAtya 'vaidika saMskArahIna' batAye gaye haiM aura unakI kriyAyeM digambara jainoM ke samAna hai| ve veda virodhI the| jhalla malla, licchavi, jJAtR, karaNa, khasa aura drAvir3a eka bAra kSatrI kI santAna batAye gaye haiM aura ye saba prAyaH jaina dharma bhUkRdhe / jJAtRvaMza meM to svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thA, tathApi, madhyakAla meM bhI jainI 'vratI' (Verteis) nAma se prasiddha raha cuke haiM, jo 'vrAtya' se milatA-julatA zabda hai|' acchA to ina jaina dharma bhUkRvrAtyoM meM digambara jaina muni kA honA lAjamI hai| " 'arthaveda' bhI isa bAta ko prakaTa karatA hai| usameM brAtya ke do bheda 1. beMje, pR. 55-60 // 2. veje, pR. 3 / 3. I.A., Vol. XXX, p.280. 4. aparakoSa 2 / 8 va manu. 10 | 20. sAyaNAcArya bhI yahI kahate haiM- "vrAtyo nAma upanayanAdi saMskArahInaH puruSaH / so'rthAd yajJAdivedavihitAH kriyAH kartuM nAdhikArI / ityAdi" - atharvaveda saMhitA pR. 293 (56) 5. manu., 10 / 22 / 6. sa. pU. 398 399 / 7. 'vrAtya jainI hai, isake liye "bhagavAn pArzvanAtha" kI prastAvanA dekhie / digambaraea aura digambara muni

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'hIna brAtya' aura 'jayeSTha vrAtya kiye haiN| inameM jyeSTha vrAtya digambara muni kA dyotaka hai, kyoMki use 'smanicamedra' kahA gayA hai. jimakA bhAva hotA hai 'apetprjnnaaH|' yaha zabda'ahoka' zabda ke anurUpa hai ora isame jyeSTha vrAtya kA digambaratva spaSTa hai| isa prakAra vedoM se bhI digambara muniyoM kA astitva siddha hai| aba dekhiye upaniSad bhI vedo kA samarthana karate hai| 'jAbAlopaniSad' nigraMtha zabda kA ullekha karake digambara sAdhu kA astitva upaniSad kAla meM siddha karatA hai "yathAjAtarUpadharo nigraMtho niSparigrahaH shukldhyaanpraaynnH|" ................ (sUtra 6) nigraMtha sAdhu yathAjAtarUpadhArI tathA zukla dhyAna parAyaNa hotA hai| sivAya nigraMtha (jaina) mArga ke anyatra kahIM bhI zukla dhyAna kA varNana nahIM milatA, yaha pahale bhI likhA jA cakA hai| 'maitreyopaniSada' meM 'digambara' zabda kA prayoga bhI isI bAta kA dyotaka hai| * 'puNDakopaniSad' kI racanA bhRgu aMgariMsa nAmaka eka bhraSTa digambara jaina muni dvArA huI thI aura usameM aneka jaina mAnyatAyeM tathA pAribhASika zabda milate haiN| 'nigraMtha' zabda. jo khAsa jainoM kA pAribhASika zabda hai, isameM vyavahvata huA hai aura usakA vizleSaNa kezaloMca (zirovrataM vidhivAstu cIrNa) diyA hai tathA 'ariSTanepi' kA smaraNa bhI kiyA hai, jo jainiyoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthakara hai| isase bhI usa kAla meM digambara muniyoM kA honA prapANita hai| aba 'rAmAyaNa kAla' meM digambaramuniyoM ke astitva ko dekhiye| 'rAmAyaNake 'bAlakANDa' (sarga 14, zloka , 22) meM rAjA dazaratha zramaNoM ko AhAra dete batAye gaye hai ("tApasA bhuJjate cApi zramaNa bhuJjate tathA") aura 'zramaNa' zabda kA artha 'bhUSaNaTIkA' 1, bhapA., prastAvanA, pR.44-45| 2. jaina granthakAra prAtaH smaraNIya sva. paM.ToDaramala jI ne Aja se lagabhaga do-DhAI sau varSa pahale (1) nimna veda maMtroM kA ullekha apane graMtha 'mokSamArga prakAza meM kiyA hai aura ye bhI digambara muniyo ke dyotaka haiM veda meM AyA hai- "OM trailokya pratiSThitAna caturviMzati tIrthakAna RpamAdhA varddhamAnAntAn siddhAn zaraNaM prpdy| U~ pavitraM nagnamupaviprasAmahe eSAM nagnA jAtiryeSAM vIrA ityaadi| yajurveda meM hai-U~namo arhato RSadho U RSabhapavitraM puruhUtamadhvadaM yajJeSu nagnaM paramamAha sastutaM vara zatru jaMyataM pazuridramArtiriti svaahaa|" UM namna sudhIra digvAsase brahmAgarva sanAtanaM upaimi vIra puruSamahatamAditya varNA tamasaH purastAt svaahaa|" (pR. 202) 3. "dezakAlavimuktato'smi digambara sukhosmyaham" -dimu.1.10 4. vIra, varSa 8, pa. 253 / 5. svasti nastAkSyoM arissttnemiH|' -IzAdha, pR. 14 digamyaratva aura digambara muni

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t meM digambara muni kiyA gayA hai, jo ThIka hai, kyoMki digambara puni kA eka nAma 'bhramaNa' bhI hai, tathApi jaina zAstra rAjA dazaratha aura rAmacandra jI Adi kA jaina bhakta pragaTa karate haiN| yogavAziSTa' meM rAmacandra jI 'jina bhagavAn' ke samAna hone kI iccha prakaTa karake apanI jainabhakti prakaTa karate haiN| ataH rAmAyaNa ke ukta ullekha se usa kAla meM digambara muniyoM kA honA spaSTa hai| 3 "mahAbhArata" maiM bhI 'nagna kSapaNaka' ke rUpa meM digambara muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jisase pramANita hai ki "mahAbhArata kAla" meM bhI digambara jaina muni maujUda the| jaina zAstrAnusAra usa samaya svayaM tIrthaMkara araSTanemi vidyamAna the| hindU purANa graMtha bhI isa viSaya meM vedAdigraMthoM kA samarthana karate haiN| prathama jaina tIrthakara RSabhadevajI ko zrImadbhAgavata aura viSNupurANa digambara muni pragaTa karate hai, yaha hama dekha cuke| aba 'viSNupurANa' meM aura bhI ullekha hai vaha dekhiye|" vahA~ maitreya pArAzara RSi se pUchate hai ki 'nagna' kisako kahate haiM? uttara meM pArAzara kahate haiM ki " jo veda ko na mAne vaha nagna hai" arthAt veda virodhI naMge sAdhu 'nagna' haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM deva aura asura saMgrAma kI kathA kahakara kisa prakAra viSNu ke dvArA jaina dharma ko utpatti huI, yaha vaha kahate haiN| isameM bhI jaina muni kA svarUpa 'digambara' likhA hai" tato digambaro muMDo karhipatra dharo dvija / " devAsura yuddha kI ghaTanA itihAsAtIta kAla kI hai| ataH isa ullekha se bhI usa prAcIna kAla meM digambara muni kA astitva pramANita hotA hai tathA vaha nirbAdha vihAra karate the, yaha bhI isase spaSTa hai kyoMki isameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha digambara muni narmadA taTa para sthita asuroM ke pAsa pahuMcA aura unheM nija dharma meM dIkSita kara liyaa| 'padyapurANa' prathama sRSTi, khaNDa 13 (pR. 33) para jaina dharma kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM eka aisI hI kathA hai, jisameM viSNu dvArA mAyAmoha rUpa digambara muni dvArA jaina dharma kA nikAsa huA batAyA gayA hai (58) vRhaspati sAhAyyArtha viSNunA mAyAmoha samutpAdavam digambareNa mAyAmohane daityAn prati jainadharmopadezaH dAnavAnAM mAyAmoha mohitAnAM guruNA digaMbara jainadharma dIkSA daanm| 1. "zramaNa digambarAH zramaNA vAtavasanAH / " 2. padyapurANa dekho| 3. yoga vAsiSTa, a. 15 zlo. 81 4. Adiparva a. 3, zlo. 26-27 / 5. viSNupurANa tRtIyaza, a. 17-18 bejaiM. pU. 25 va purAtatva 4 / 180 // " 6. purAtatva 4 / 179 / vy dimbA aura digambara muni

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mAyA kI usameM "yo bipi bhI ukta donoM bAtoM kI puSTi hotI hai| isI 'padmapurANa' meM (bhUmi khaMDa, a. likhA hai ki eka digambara muni ne usa muni kA svarUpa yUM likhA hai e likhA hai| isase "namna rUpo mahAkAyaH sitamuNDo mahAprabhaH / mArjjanIM zikhipatrANAM kakSAyA~ sa hi dhArayan / / gRhItvA pAnapAtrazca nArikelapanIkare / paThamAno maracchAstraM vedazAstravidUSakam / / mhaaraajsttropaapaattvraanvitH| sabhAyA~ tasya veNasya praviveza sapApavAn / / yatraveNI vaha nagna sAdhu mahArAja vaiNa kI rAjasabhA meM pahuMca gayA aura dharmopadeza dene lgaa| isase prakaTa hai ki digambara muni rAjasabhA meM bhI beroka-Toka pahuMcate the| veNa brahmA se chaThI pIr3hI meM the| isaliye yaha eka atIva prAcInakAla meM huye pramANita hote haiN| 'vAyupurANa' meM bhI nirgratha zramaNoM kA ullekha hai ki zrAddha meM inako na dekhanA 66) 2 meM rAjA veNa kI kathA hai| usameM rAjA ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| caahiye| 'skaMdha purANa' (prabhAsakhaNDa ke vastrApatha kSetra mAhAtmya, a. 16 pR. 221) meM jaina tIrthakara neminAtha ko digambara ziva ke anurUpa mAnakara jApa karane kA vidhAna hai - "kApanopi tatazcakre taMtra tIrthAvagAhanam yAdRgrUpa zivodRSTaH sUryavimbe digambara ||24|| padmAsanasthitaH saumyastathAtaM tatra saMsmaran / pratiSThApya mahApUrti pUjayAmAsavAsaram / / 95 / / manobhISThArtha - siddhArthe tataH siddhmvaaptmaan| neminAtha zivetyevaM nAmacakre zavAmanaH / / 96 / / " beje.. 1. pR. 15 / 2. R. C. Duti. Hindu Shastras. Pt Vill. pp. 213-22 & J,G.XIV. 89. 3. usane batAyA ki mere mata meM 4. J.G., XIV, 162. 5. purAtatva, pR.4, pR. 181 / 6. veje., pU. 341 "arhato devatA yatra nirgratho gururucyate / dayA vai paramo dharmastatra mokSaH pradRzyate / " yaha sunakara veNa jainI ho gyaa| (evaM veNasya vai rAjJaH sRSTiresva mahAtmanaH / dharmAcAra parityajya kathaM pApe matirbhavet / / ) jaina samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha se bhI rAjA veNa kA jainI honA pramANita hai| (jarnala oNpha dI bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI, bhA. 13, pR. 224) / digambaratva aura digambara muni (59)

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isa prakAra hindU purANa graMtha bhI itihAsAtIta kAla meM digambara jaina muniyoM kA honA prapANita karate haiN| bauddha zAstroM meM bhI aise ullekha milate haiM jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale digambara muniyoM kA honA siddha karate haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM aMtima tIrthakara nigraMtha mahAvIra ke atirikta zrI sapAzrva' anantajina' aura puSpadanta ke bhI nAmollekha milate haiN| yadyapi unake sambandha meM yaha spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki ve jaina tIrthakara aura nagna the, kintu jaba jaina sAhitya meM usa nAma ke digambara veSadhArI tIrthakara mahApunIza milate haiM, taba unheM jaina aura nagna pAnanA anucita nahIM hai| vaise bauddha sAhitya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke tIrthavartI muniyoM kA nagna prakaTa karatA hai ataH isa strota se bhI prAcIna kAla meM digambara muniyoM kA honA siddha hai| isa avasthA meM jaina zAstroM kA yaha kathana vizvasanIya ThaharatA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ke samaya se barAbara digambara jaina muni hote A rahe haiM aura unake dvArA janatA kA mahata kalyANa huA hai| jaina tIrthakara saba ho rAjaputra the Ara bar3e-bar3e rAjyoM ko tyAgakara digambara muni huye the| bhArata ke prathama samrAT bharata, jinake nAma se yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahalAtA hai, digambara muni huye the| unake bhAI zrI bAhubali jI apanI tapasyA ke lie prasiddha haiN| tapasvI rUpa meM unakI pahAn pUrti Aja bhI zravaNabelagola meM darzanIya vastu hai| unako usa mahAkAya namnamUrti ke darzana karake strI-puruSa, bAlaka-vRddha bhAratIya tathA videzI apane ko saubhAgyazAlI samajhate haiN| rAmacandra jI. sugrIva, yudhiSThara Adi aneka digambara muni isa kAla meM huye hai, jinake bhavya caritroM se jaina zAstra bhare huye haiN| gatakAla meM bhArata meM digambaratva apanI apUrva chaThA darzA cukA hai| 1. mahAbagga(1 / 22-23 SEB. p. 144) meM likhA hai ki buddha rAjagRha meM jaba pahale-pahale dharma pracAra ko Ae to lAThI vana meM "suppatitthya ke maMdira meM tthhre| isake bAda isa maMdira meM Thaharane kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki isa jaina maMdira ke prabandhako ne jaba yaha jAna liyA ki mahAtmA busa aba jaina muni nahIM rahe to unhoMne unakA Adara karanA roka diyaa| vizeSa ke liye dekho bhamabu, pR. 50-51 / 2. upaka AjIvaka anantajinako apanA guru batAtA hai| AjIvikoM ne jaina dharma se bahuta kucha liyA thaa| ataH yaha anantajina tIrthakara hI honA caahie| Ariya-pariyeSaNa-suta [HOIL, 247. ____3. 'mahAvastu meM puSpadaMta ko eka buddha aura 32 lakSaNayukta mahApuruSa batAyA gayA hai| -ASM. p. 30. 4. mahAvagga (70-3) meM hai ki bauddha bhikSuoM ne naMge aura bhojana pAtrahIna manuSyoM ko dIkSita kara liyA, jisa para loga kahane lage ki bauddha bhI "tithiyoM kI taraha karane lge| tisthiya mahAtmA buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra se prAcIna sAdhu aura khAsakara digambara jaina sAdhu the| isaliye inheM pArzvanAtha ke tIrtha kA muni mAnanA ThIka hai| bhamabu., pR. 236-237 va jaisibha 112-3 / 24-26, tathA IA., August 1930, digambaratva aura digambara muni

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[10] bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake samakAlIna digambara muni 'nigaNTho' Avuso nAthaputo savvajJu savvadassAcI aparisesaM jJANa dassanaM parijAnAtiH / ' - mujjhimanikAya 'nigaNDo nAtuputto saMghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAryo ca jJAto yasassI titthakaro sAdhu sammato bahujanassa rattassU cira pavvajito addhagato vayo anuppttaa|' -dIghanikAyaH bhagavAn mahAvIra varddhamAna jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoM ke pramukha rAjA siddhArtha aura priyakAriNI trizalA ke suputra the| rAnI trizalA vajjiyana rASTrasaMgha ke pramukha licchavi- agraNI rAjA ceTaka kI suputrI thii| licchavi kSatriyoM kA AvAsa samRddhizAlI nagarI vaizAlI meM thaa| jJAtRka kSatriyoM kI basatI bhI usI ke nikaTa thI / kuNDagrAma aura kollagasanniveza unake prasiddha nagara the| bhagavAn mahAvIra varddhamAna kA janma kuNDagrAma meM huA thA aura vaha apane jJAtRvaMza ke kAraNa "jJAtRputra" ke nAma se bhI prasiddha the| bauddha graMthoM meM unakA ullekha isI nAma se milatA hai aura vahA~ unheM bhagavAn gautama buddha kA samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to bhagavAn mahAvIra Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa pahale isa dharAtala ko pavitra karate the aura vaha kSatrI rAjaputra the|' bharI javAnI meM hI mahAvIra jI ne rAja-pATa kA moha tyAga kara digambara muni kA veza dhAraNa kiyA thA aura tIsa varSa taka kaThina tapasyA karake vaha sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara ho gaye the| 'jhimanikAya' nAmaka bauddha grantha meM unheM sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura azeSa jJAna tathA darzana kA jJAtA likhA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne sarvajJa hokara deza-videza meM bhramaNa kiyA thA aura unake dharma pracAra se logoM kA Atma-kalyANa huA thaa| unakA bihAra saMgha sahita hotA thA aura unako vinaya hara koI karatA thaa| bauddha graMtha 'dIrghanikAya' meM likhA hai ki "nirgratha jJAtRputra (mahAvIra) saMgha ke netA haiM, gaNAcArya haiM, darzana vizeSa ke praNetA haiM, vizeSa vikhyAta haiM, tIrthaMkara haiM, vaha 1. vizeSa ke liye hamArA "bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha" nAmaka graMtha dekho| 2. maJjhimanikAya (P.T.S.) bhA. 1, pR. 92-93 // digambaratva aura digambara muni (61)

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manuSyoM dvArA pUjya haiM, anubhavazIla haiM, bahuta kAla se sAdhu avasthA kA pAlana karate haiM aura adhika vaya prApta haiN| 1 jaina zAstra 'harivaMzapurANa' meM likhA hai ki "bhagavAn mahAvIra ne madhya ke (kAzI, kauzala, kauzalya, kusaMdhya, azvaSTa, trigatapaJcAla, bhadrakAra, pATaccAra, mauka, matsyaM, kanIya, sUrasena evaM vRkArthaka), samudrataTa ke (kaliMga, kurujAMgala, kaikeya, Atreya, kAMboja, bAlhIka, yavanazruti, siMdhu, gAMdhAra, sauvIra, sUra, bhIru, dazeruka, vADavAna, bhAradvAja aura kAthatoya) aura uttara dizA ke (tArNa, kArNa, pracchAla Adi) dezoM meM bihAra kara unheM dharma kI aura Rju kiyA thaa| " bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma ahiMsA pradhAna to thA hI, kintu unhoMne sAdhuoM ke liye digambaratva kA bhI upadeza diyA thaa| unhoMne spaSTa ghoSita kiyA thA ki jaina dharma meM digambara sAdhu hI nirvANa prApta kara sakatA hai| binA digambara veSa dhAraNa kiye nirvANa prApta kara lenA asaMbhava hai aura unake isa vaijJAnika upadeza kA Adara AbAla-vRddha - vanitA ne kiyA thA / videha meM jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra pahu~ce to unakA vahA~ ke logoM ne vizeSa Adara kiyA / vaizAlI meM unake ziSyoM kI saMkhyA adhika thii| svayaM rAjA ceTaka unakA ziSya thaa| aMga deza meM jaba bhagavAn pahuMce to vahA~ ke rAjA kuNika AjAtazatru ke sAtha sArI prajA bhagavAn kI pUjA karane ke liye umar3a pdd'ii| rAjA kuNika kauzAmbI taka mahAvIra svAmI ko pahuMcAne gye| kauzAmbI nareza aise pratibuddha huye ki vaha digambara muni ho gye| magadha deza meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA khUba bihAra huA thA aura unakA adhika samaya rAjagRha meM vyatIta huA thaa| samrAT zreNika vimbasAra bhagavAn ke ananya bhakta the aura unhoMne dharmaprabhAvanA ke aneka kArya kiye the| zreNika ke abhayakumAra, vAriSeNa Adi kaI putra digambara muni ho gaye the| dakSiNa bhArata meM jaba bhagavAn kA vihAra huA to hemA~ga deza ke rAjA jIvaMdhara digambara muni ho gaye the| isa prakAra bhagavAn kA jahA~-jahA~ bihAra huA vahA~-vahA~ digambara dharma kA pracAra ho gyaa| zatAnIka, udayana Adi rAjA, abhaya, naMdiSeNa Adi rAjakumAra zAlibhadra, dhanyakumAra, prItaMkara Adi dhanakubera indrabhUti gautama Adi brAhmaNa vidvAna, vidyuccara Adi sadRza patitAtmAyeM - are na jAne kauna-kauna bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM Akara muni ho gye| 4 (62) 1. dIghanikAya (P.T.S.) bhA. 1, pR. 48-49 // 2. harivaMza purANa (kalakatA), pR. 18 / 3. bhamavu. 54-80 va ThANA, pR. 893 | 4. bhamavu, pRSTha 95-96 / digambaratva aura digambara puni

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sacamuca aneka dharma-pipAsu bhagavAna ke nikaTa Akara dharmApta pAna karate the| yahA~ taka ki svayaM mahAtmA gautamabuddha aura unake saMgha para bhagavAn ke upadeza kA prabhAva par3A thaa| bauddha bhikSuoM ne bhI nagnatA dhAraNa karane kA Agraha mahAtmA buddha se kiyA thaa|' isa para yadyapi mahAtmA buddha ne nAna veSa ko burA nahIM batalAyA, kintu usase kucha jyAdA ziSya pAne kA lAbha na dekhakara use unhoMne asvIkAra kara diyaa| kintu to bhI eka sapaya nepAla ke tAMtrika bauddhoM meM nagna sAdhuoM kA astitva ho gayA thaa|' saca bAta to yaha hai ki nagna veSa ko sAdhu pada ke bhUSaNa rUpa meM saba hI ko svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| usakA virodha karanA prakRti ko kosanA hai| usa para mahAtmA buddha ke jamAne meM to usakA vizeSa pracAra thaa| abhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dharmopadeza denA prArambha nahIM kiyA thA ki prAcIna jaina aura AjIvika Adi sAdhu naMge dhUmakara usakA pracAra kara rahe the| dekhiye bauddha graMtho ke AdhAra se isa viSaya meM DaoN. sTIvensana likhate haiM eka tIrthaka nagna ho gayA) lAMga usake liya bahuta se vastra lAye, kintu unako usane svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| usane yahIM socA ki 'yadi meM vastra svIkAra karatA hU~ to saMsAra meM merI adhika pratiSThA nahIM hogii| vaha kahane lagA ki lajjA rakSaka ke lie hI vastradhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura lajjA hI pApa kA kAraNa hai, hama arhat haiM, isalie viSaya vAsanA se alipta hone ke kAraNa hameM lajjA ko kucha bhI paravAha nhiiN|' isakA yaha kathana sanakara bar3I prasannatA se vahAM isake pA~ca sau ziSya bana gae balki jambUdvIpa meM isI ko loga saccA buddha kahane lge|" yaha ullekha saMbhavataH makkhali gozAla athavA pUrNa kAzyapa ke sambandha meM haiN| ye donoM sAdhu bhagavAn pAzrvanAtha kI ziSya paramparA ke mani the|' pakkhali gozAla bhagavAna mahAvIra se ruSTa hokara alaga dharma pracAra karane lagA thA aura vaha "AjIvikA sampradAya kA netA bana gayA thaa| isa sampradAya kA nikAsa prAcIna jaina dharma se huA thA aura isake sAdhu bhI nagna rahate the| pUraNa-kAzyapa gozala kA sAthI aura vaha bhI digambara rahA thaa| sacamuca digambara jaina dharma pahale se hI calA A rahA thA, jisakA pradhAna ina logoM para par3A thaa| usa para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke avatIrNa hote hI digambaratva kA mahatva aura bhI bar3ha gyaa| yahA~ taka ki dUsare sampradAyoM ke loga bhI nagna veSa dhAraNa karane ko lAlAyita ho gaye, jaisA ki Upara prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| bauddhazAstroM meM nigraMtha (digambara) mahAmuni mahAvIra ke bihAra kA ullekha bhI kiyA milatA hai| 'majhima nikAya' ke 'apaya rAjakumAra sutaM se pragaTa hai ki ve 1. bhamavR., pR. 102-110 / 2.mahAbAga8-28-1) meM hai ki "eka bauddha bhikSu ne mahAtmA buddha ke pAsa na ho Akara kahA ki bhAvAna ne saMyamI puruSa ko bahuta prazaMsA kI hai, jisane pApoM ko dho DAlA hai aura kayAyoM ko jIta liyA hai tathA jo dayAlu, vinayI aura sAhasI hai|he bhagavAna! yaha nAnatA kaI prakAra se saMyama aura saMtoSa digambarava aura digambara muni

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rAjagRha meM eka samaya rahe the| 'upAlIsuta' se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAland meM vihAra karanA spaSTa hai| usa samaya unake sAtha eka bar3I saMkhyA meM nirguNa sAdhu the|" ko utpama karane meM kAraNabhUta hai- isase pApa miTanA, kaSAya dayate. dayA pAva bar3hatA tathA vinaya aura utsAha AtA hai| prbhaa| yaha acchA se, yadi Apa mI mAna rahane kI AjJA de| eka aSaNa ke liye yaha ayogya hai| isaliye isakA pAlana nahIM karanA caahiye| he muurkh| nitthiyoM kI taraha tabhI nagna kaise hogA? he mUrkha, isase naye loga pI dIkSita na hoNge|" . 3. nepAla me gUDa aura tAMtrika nAma kI eka bauddha dharma kI zAkhA hai| mi. hAsana ne likhA hai ki isa zAkhA meM nAna yati rahA karate hai| -jaisi bhA., 1 // 2-3, pR. 25. 4. jemsa elvI, pro. jaikobI sathA DA. mulahara ina hI bAta kA samarthana karate hai ki digambaratva mahAtmA buddha ke pahale se pracalita thA aura AjIvika Adi tIrthako para jaina dharma kA prabhAva par3A thA, pathA "in James d' Alwis paper (Ind. Antj. VII) on the Six Tinhakas the Digambaras appear to have been regarded as an old order of ascetics and all of these heretical leachers betray the influence of Jainism in their doctrines. -IA.IX, 161 Pror. Jacobi remarks: "The preceding four Tirthaks (Makkhali Goshal etc.) appear ail to have adopled some or other doctrines or practices, which makes part of the Jaina system, probably from the Jains themselves.... 11 appean from the preceding remarks thai Jaina ideas and practices must have been current at the time of Mahavira and independently of him. This combined with other arguments, leads us to the existence long hefore Mahavira, -IA..IX. 162..... Prof. T.W. Rhys Davids noles in the "Vinaya Texts that the sect now called Jaink are divided into two classes. Digambara & Smelambara: The later of which it naked. They are known to he the successors of the school called Niganthae in the Pali Pilakas -SBEXI141 Dr. Buhler writes, "From Buddhist accounts in their canonical works as well as in other books, it may be seen that this rival (Malavita) was a dangerous and indiucntiat one and that cven in Buddha s time his teaching had spread, considerably.... Also they say in their description of other rivals of Buddha 1hal these in under lo gain esiccin. copied the Nirganthas and went unclothed, so that they were looked upon by the people as Ningrantha holy ones, because they happened 10 lost their clothes. -AISJ,P.36 5. jaisidhA,1 / 2-3 24 The people houghi clothes in an abundance for him, but hc (kaskapa) refused them as he thought that if he put them on, he would not be caled with the same respect Kassapa said, Clothes are for the covering of shame and I be shame is the effect of sin. I am an Arahat, As I ar free from evil dosjes, I know no shutne. etc.-BS. pp. 74-75 6. apv.,.17-21|| 7. vIra, varSa 3, pR. 312vabhama. 17-21| 8. AjIviko ti naan-smnnko| papaJca-sUdanI / 202, 10,III, 24 9. pajhima, (P.T.S.) mA. 1, pR. 392 va bhamanu., pR. 199 / 10. majjhima.11371N'The M.N. tells us that once Nigamha Nashaputta was ar Valanda with a big retinuc of the Miganthas -AIT.P. 147 (64) digambaratva au digambara muni

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1 2 4 sAmagAmasuta se yaha prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna ne pAvA se mokSa prApta kI thii| dIghanikAya kA "pAsAdika sutta" bhI isI bAta kA samarthana karatA hai| "saMyuktanikAya" se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMghasahita "macchikAkhaNDa" meM vihAra karanA spaSTa hai| brahmajAlasutta meM rAjagRha ke rAjA ajAtazatru ko bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke darzana ke liye likhA gayA hai| "vinayapiTaka" ke mahAvagga graMtha se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vaizAlI meM dharma pracAra karanA pramANita hai| eka "jAtaka" meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko "acelaka nAtaputta" kahA gayA hai| "mahAvastu" se prakaTa hai ki avantI ke rAjapurohita kA putra nAlaka banArasa AyA thaa| vahA~ usane nirgratha nAtaputta (mahAvIra ko) dharmapracAra karate pAyA / 5 6 7 dIghanikAya se spaSTa hai ki kauzala ke rAjA pasenadI ne nigraMtha nAtaputa (mahAvIra) ko namaskAra kiyA thaa| usakI rAnI mallikA ne nirgrathoM ke upayoga ke liye eka bhavana banavAyA thaa|' sArAMzataH bauddha zAstra zrI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke digantavyApI aura saphala bihAra kI sAkSI dete haiM! bhagavAna ke bihAra aura dharma pracAra se jaina dharma kA vizeSa udyota huA thaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki unake saMgha meM caudaha hajAra digambara muni the| jinameM 9900 sadhAraNa muni 300 aMgapUrvadhArI muni, 1300 avadhijJAnadhArI puni 900 RddhivikriyA yukta, 500 cAra jJAna ke dhArI, 700 kevalajJAnI aura 900 anuttaravAdI the| mahAvIra saMgha ke ye digambara muni dasa gaNoM meM vibhakta the| aura gyAraha gaNadhara unakI dekha rekha karate the / " ina gaNadharoM kA saMkSipta varNana nimna prakAra hai - (1) indrabhUti gautama, ( 2 ) vAyubhUti, (3) agnibhUti, ye tInoM gaNadhara magadha deza ke gaurbara grAma ke nivAsI vasubhUti (zAMDilya ) brAhmaNa ko strI pRthvI sthiNDilA) aura kesarI ke garbha se janme the| gRhasthAzrama tyAgane ke bAda ye krama se gautama, gArgya aura bhArgava nAma se prasiddha hue the| jaina hone ke pahale ye tInoM veda dharmaparAyaNa brAhmaNa vidvAna the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nikaTa ina tInoM ne apane kaI sau " 1. majima. 1193 - bhamavu. 202 / 2. dogha. III 117- 118 - bhamavu pR. 214 / 3. saMyukta 4 / 287 bhamavu, pR. 2161 4. bhamabu pR. 222 / 5. mahAvaggA 6 / 31-11- bhamabu. pR. 231 - 236 / 6. jAtaka 2 / 182 / 7. ASM.,p.159 8. dogha 1 / 78-79 - [HQ.1, 153 9. LWB,p.109. 10. bhrama. 117 / digambaratva aura digambara puni (65)

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! ziSyoM sahita jaina dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura ye digambara muni hokara muniyoM ke netA hue the| deza dezAntara meM vihAra karake inhoMne khUba dharmaprabhAvanA kI thii| ' cauthe gaNadhara vyakta kollaMga sanniveza nivAsI dhanamitra brAhmaNa kI vAruNI' nAmaka patnI kI kokha se janme the| digambara puni hokara yaha bhI gaNanAyaka huye the| pA~caveM sudharma nAmaka gaNadhara bhI kollaga sanniveza ke nivAsI dhampila brAhmaNa ke suputra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma bhUddilA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uparAnta inake dvArA jaina dharma kA vizeSa pracAra huA thaa| 3 chaTe mANDika nAmaka gaNadhara maurvyAkhya deza nivArI dhanadeva brAhmaNa kI vijayA devI strI ke garbha se janme the| digambara muni hokara yaha vIra saMgha meM sammilita ho gaye the aura deza-videza meM dharmapracAra kiyA thaa| sAtaveM gaNadhara mauryaputra bhI pauryAkhya deza ke nivAsI mauryaka brAhmaNa ke putra the| inhoMne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nikaTa digambarIya dIkSA grahaNa karake sarvatra dharma pracAra kiyA thaa| AThaveM mara akampana the, jo mithilApurI nivAsI deva nAmaka brAhmaNa kI jayantI nAmaka strI ke udara se janme the| inhoMne bhI khUba dharmapracAra kiyA thaa| naveM dhavala nAmaka gaNadhara kozalApurI ke vasuvipra ke suputra the| inakI mA~ kA nAma nandA thaa| inhoMne bhI digambara muni ho sarvatra vihAra kiyA thaa| dasaveM gaNadhara maitreya the| vaha vassadezastha tugiMkAkhya nagarI ke nivAsI datta brAhmaNa kI strI karuNA ke garbha se janme the| inhoMne bhI apane gaNa ke sAdhuoM sahita dharma pracAra kiyA thaa| gyArahaveM gaNadhara prabhAsa rAjagRha nivAsI bala nAmaka brAhmaNa kI patnI bhadrA kI kukSi se janme the aura digambara muni tathA gaNanAyaka hokara sarvatra dharma kA udyota karate hue vicare the| 4 ina gaNadharoM kI adhyakSatA meM rahe uparyukta caudaha hajAra digambara puniyoM ne tatkAlIna bhArata kA mahAna upakAra kiyA thaa| vidyA, dharmajJAna aura sadAcAra unake saudyoga se bhArata meM khUba phaile the| jaina aura bauddha zAstra yahI prakaTa karate haiM "The Buddhist and Jaina texts tall us that the intinerant teachers of the time wandered about in the country, engaging themselves wherever They stoppd in serious discussion, on matters relating to religion, philosophy ethics morals and polity." Ba Zhang (66) 1. bRjeza, pR. 60 - 61 // 2. bRjeza pR. 8 3. bRjeza. pU. 8 / 4. bRjeza pR. 8 / digambAtya aura digambara muni

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bhAvArtha- bauddha aura jaina zAstroM se jJAta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna dharma guru deza meM sarvatra vicArate the| aura jahA~ ve Thaharate the vahAM dharma, siddhAnta, AcAra, nIti aura rASTravArtA viSayaka gambhIra carcA karate the| sacamuca unake dvArA janatA kA mahAna hita huA thaa| bauddha zAstroM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha ke kinhIM digambara muniyoM kA varNana milatA hai| yadyapi jaina zAstroM meM unakA patA lagA lenA sugapa nahIM hai| jo ho, unase spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake digambara ziSya deza meM nirbAdha vicarate aura loka kalyANa karate the| samrATa zreNika bimbasAra ke putra rAjakumAra abhaya digambara muni ho gaye the, yaha bAta bauddhazAstra bhI prakaTa karate haiN|' una rAjakumAra ne IrAna deza ke vAsiyoM meM bhI dharmapracAra kiyA thaa| phalataH usa deza kA rAjakumAra AIka nigraMtha sAdhu ho gayA thaa| bauddha zAstra vaizAlI ke digambara paniyoM meM saNakhatta, kalArapatthuka aura pArTikaputra kA nAmollekha karate haiN| suNavatta eka licchavi rAjaputra thA aura vaha bauddha dharma ko chor3akara nirgaMdha mata kA anuyAyI huA thaa| vaizAlI ke sAntrakaTa eka kanDaramasuka nAmaka digambara muni ke AvAsa kA bhI ullekha bauddha zAstroM meM milatA haiN| unhoMne yAvat jIvana nagna rahane aura niyamita paridhi meM vihAra karane kI pratijJA lI thii|" zrAvastI ke kula putra (Councillor's son) arjuna bhI digambara puni hokara sarvatra vicare the| yaha digambara muni aura unake sAtha jaina sAdhviyA~ bhI sarvatra dharmopadezaza dekara mumukSuoM ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita karate the| isa uddezya ko lekara ve nagaroM ke caurAhoM para jAkara dharmopadeza dete aura vAdabherI bajAte the| bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki "usa samaya tIrthaMka sAdhu pratyeka pakSa kI aSTamI, caturdazI aura pUrNamAsI ko ekatra hote the aura dharmopadeza karate the| loga use sunakara prasatra hote aura unake anuyAyI bana jAte 1. E.B.,P.30 va bhamabu., pR. 266 / 2. ADIB,I, p.92. 3. dhamanbu., pR. 255 / 4. "acelo kanDaramasuko vesAliyam paTivasati lAbhagga-ppatoca evaM pasAga, ppattoca vajjigA meN| tassa sattavatta-padAni samattAni samAdinnAni honti-'yAkjIvam acelako assma, naTattham paridaheyyama yAvajIvam brahmacArI asma na methanuma paTiseveyyam.., ityaadi|" - dIghanikAya (PTS.) bhA, 3, pR. 5-10 va bhamantru., pR. 213 5. P.B.. P.83 va bhamabu., pR. 267 / 6. bauddhoM ke thera-therI gAthAoM se yaha prakaTa hai| bhamavu.,pR. 256-268 / 7. mahAbagga 2 / / / 1 va bhamavu., pR. 240 / digambAtva aura digambara muni

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ina sAdhuoM ko jahA~ bhI avasara milatA thA vahA~ apane dharma ko zreSThatA ko pramANita karake avazeSa dharmoM ko gauNa prakaTa karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA gautama buddha donoM ne hI ahiMsA dharma kA . upadeza diyA thA, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA meM mana, vacana, kAya pUrvaka jIvahatyA se vilaga rahane kA vidhAna thA-bhojana yA mauja zauka ke liye bhI usameM jIvoM kA prANa vyaparopaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| isake viparIta mahAtmA buddha kI ahiMsA meM bauddha bhikSuoM ko mAMsa aura matsya bhojana grahaNa karane ko khulI AjJA thI |ek bAra nahIM aneka bAra smayaM mahAtmA buddha ne mA~sa-pAkSaNa kiyA thaa| aise hI avasaroM para digambara muni, bauddha bhikSuoM ko Ar3e hAthoM lete the| eka paratavA jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne buddha ke isa hiMsaka karma kA niSedha kiyA, to buddha ne kahA 'bhikSao, yaha pahalA maukA nahIM hai, balki nAtapatta (mahAvIra) isase pahale bhI kaI paratabA khAsa pere liye pake hue mA~sa ko mere bhakSaNa karane para AkSepa kara cake haiN|"r eka dUsarI bAra jaba vaizAlI meM mahAtmA baddha ne senApati siMha ke ghara para mA~sAhAra kiyA to bauddha zAstra kahatA hai ki 'nigraMtha eka bar3I saMkhyA meM vaizAlI meM sar3aka-sar3aka, caurAhe-caurAhe para yaha zora macAte kahate phire ki Aja senApati siMha ne eka baila kA vadha kiyA hai aura usakA AhAra zramaNa gautama ke liye banAyA hai| zrapAma gautama jAnabUjhakara ki yaha baila meMre AhAra ke nimitta pArA gayA hai pazu kA paoNsa khAtA hai, isalie vahI usa pazu ke mArane ke lie badhaka hai| ina ullekhoM se usa samaya digambara muniyoM kA nirbAdha rUpa meM janatA ke madhya vicarane aura dhopadeza dene kA spaSTIkaraNa hotA hai| bauddha gRhasthoM ne kaI paratavA digambara puniyoM ko apane ghara ke antaHpura meM balAkara parIkSA kI thii| sArAMzataH digambara muni usa samaya hATa-bAjAra, ghara-pahala, raMka-rAva saba Thaura saba hI kareM dharmopadeza dete hue vihAra karate the| aba Age ke pRSThoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uparAnta digambara muniyoM ke astitva aura vihAra kA vivecana kara denA ucita hai| 1. mamabu., pR. 170 / 2.Cowellatakss 11, 182-bhamavu.,pR. 246 / 3. "At the time a great number of the Nigathas running through Vaisali, from roud to road, cross-way to crass-way, with outstretched arous cicd.' Today siha, the General has killcd a great ox and has made a mical for the Sarnana Gotama, the Sarmana Golama knowingly cals this meat of an animal killed for this very purpose, & has that become virually the author of that dict".- Vinaya Texts,SBE., VOL.XVII, p. 116& HG., p.85. 4H.G., PP,88-95 bhamavu. e, pR. 241-256 / digambaratva aura digambara muni (68)

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[11] nanda sAmrAjya meM digambara muni "King Nanda had taken away 'image' known as "The Jaina of Kalinga...Carrying away idols of worship as a mark of trophy and also showing respect to the particular idol is known in later history. The datum (1) proves that Nanda was a Jaina and (2) thal Fainism was introduced in Orissa very early...." -K.P.Jayaswal1 zizunAga vaMza meM kuNika ajAtazatru ke uparAnta koI parAkramI rAjA nahIM huA aura magadha sAmrAjya kI bAgaDora nanda vaMza ke rAjAoM ke hAtha meM A gii| isa vaMza meM 'varddhana'( Increaser) upAdhidhArI rAjA nanda vizeSa prakhyAta aura pratApI thaa| usane dakSiNa - pUrva aura pazcimIya samudrataTavartI deza jIta liye the tathA uttara meM himAlaya pradeza aura kazmIra evaM avanti aura kaliMga deza ko bhI usane apane AdhIna kara liyA thaa| kaliMga - vijaya meM vaha vahAM se 'kaliMgajina' nAmaka eka prAcIna mUrti le AyA thA aura use vinaya ke sAtha usane apanI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra meM sthApita kiyA thaa| usake isa kArya se nandavarddhana kA jaina dharmAvalambI honA spaSTa hai| 'mudrArAkSaza nATaka' aura jaina sAhitya se isa vaMza ke rAjAoM kA jainI honA siddha haiN| unake maMtrI bhI jaina the| antima nanda kA mantrI rAkSasa nAmaka nIti nipuNa puruSa thA / mudrArAkSasa nATaka meM usase jIvasiddhi nAmaka kSapaNaka arthAt digambara jaina muni ke prati vinaya prakaTa karate darzAyA gayA hai tathA yaha jIvasiddhi sAre deza meM - hATa-bAjAra aura antaHpura-matra hI Thaura beroka-Toka vihAra karatA thA. yaha bAta bhI ukta nATaka se spaSTa hai| aisA honA hai bhI svAbhAvika, kyoMki jaba nanda vaMza ke rAjA jainI the to unake sAmrAjya meM digambara jaina muni kI pratiSThA honA lAz2amI thaa| janazruti se yaha bhI ekTa hai ki antima nanda rAjA ne 'paJcapahAr3I' nAmaka pA~ca stUpa 1. JBORS, VOL..X1V.p.245. 2. Ibid, Vol. 78-79, Chanakya says "There is a fellow of my studies, deep The Brahman Indusarman, him 1 sent, When just [ vowed the death of Nanda, hithere; And here repairing as a Buddha 1/4 (ki.kd 1/2} mindicant." * Having the marks of a Kasapanaka....the Individual is a Jaina ..Raksasa repose in him implict confidence.-UIDW., p. 10. digambaratva aura digambara muni (69)

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paTanA meM banavAye the| paJcapahAr3I (rAjagRha) jainoM kA prasiddha tIrtha hai| nanda ne usI ke anurUpa pA~ca stUpa paTanA meM banAvAye pratIta hote hai| yaha kArya bhI unakI muni-bhakti kA paricAyaka hai|. ' jaina kathA granthoM se vidita hai ki eka nanda rAjA svayaM digambara jaina muni ho gaye the tathA unake maMtrI zakaTAla bhI jainI the| zakaTAla ke putra sthUlabhadra bhI digambara muni ho gaye the| sArAMza yaha ki nanda- sAmrAjya ke prasiddha puruSoM ne svayaM digambara muni, hokara tatkAlIna bhArata kA kalyANa kiyA thA aura nanda rAjA jainoM ke saraMkSaka zizunAga vaMza ke anta aura nanda rAjya ke Arambha kAla meM jambU svAmI atima kevalI sarvajJa ne nagna veSa meM sAre bhArata kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| kahate haiM ki baMgAla ke koTikapura nAmaka sthAna para unhoMne sarvajJatA prApta kI thii| unakA bihAra baMgAla ke prasiddha nagara puM Drabarddhana, tAmralipta Adi meM huA thaa| eka bAra vaha mathurA bhI pahu~ce the| anta meM jaba vaha rAjagRha vipulAcala se mukta ho gaye, to mathurA meM unakI smRti meM eka stUpa banAyA gayA thaa| mathurA jainoM kA prAcIna kendra thaa| vahA~ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jI ke samaya kA eka stUpa maujUda thaa| isake atirikta nandakAla meM vahA~ pA~ca sau eka stUpa aura banAye . . "Sir G. Grierson informs me that the Nandas were reputed to be bitter enemies of the Brahmans...the Nandas were Jainsa and therefore hatefuls to the Brahamans.. The supposition that the last Nanda was cither a Jaina or Buddhist is strengthened by the face that one from of the local tradition attributed to him the erection of the Panch Pahari at Patna, a group of ancient stupas, which be either Jaina of Buddhist." -E][l,p,44 M unakA jaina honA ThIka hai, kyoMki nandavarddhana ke jaina hone meM saMdeha nahIM hai aura "mudrArAkSasa" nandamaMtrI Adi ko jaina prakaTa karatA hai| 2. hariSeNa kathA koSa tathA ArAdhanA kathA koSa dekho| 3. sAtavIM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada riporTa (pRSTha 41 ) tathA "bhadrabAhu caritra" (pRSTha 41) meM sthUlabhadrAdi ko digambara muni likhA hai / (rAmalyasthala bhadrAkhya sthUlAcAryAdiyoginaH / } 4. "Nanda were Jains". CHI, Vol.I., p. 164. The nine kings of the Nanda dynasty of Magadha were patrons of the Order (Sangha of Mahavira). " -HARI, p.59 5. "In Ketikapur Jambu attained emancipation ( Omniscience) - vIra, varSa 3 pR. 37 6. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 141 / "magadhadimahAdeza (70) madhurAdipurIrastathA / kurvan dharmopadeza sa kevalajJAnalocanaH | | 118 || 12 || varSASTAdazaparyantaM sthitastatra jinadhipaH tato jagAma nirvANaM kevalI vipulAcalAt ||1|| - jambUsvAmI carit 7. JOAM,13. digambaratva aura digambara murti

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gaye the, kyoMki vahA~ se itane hI digambara muniyoM ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA ye saba. munizrI jambUsvAmI ke ziSya the| jisa samaya jambUsvAmI digambara muni huye to usa samaya vidyuccara nAmaka eka nAmI DAkU bhI apane pA~ca sau sAthiyoM sahita digambara puni ho gayA thaa| eka bAra yaha muni saMgha deza-videza meM vihAra karatA huA zAma ko mathurA phuNcaa| vahA~ mahAudyAna meM vaha Thahara gyaa| tadoparAnta rAta ko una muniyoM para vahA~ mahAupasarga huA aura usake pariNAmasvarupa puniyoM ne sAmya bhAva se prANa tyAga diye| isa mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA kI smRti meM hI vahA~ pA~ca sau eka stUpa banA diye gaye the / ' isa prakAra na jAne kitane muni puMgava usa samaya bhArata meM vihAra karake logo kA hitasAdhana karate the, unakA patA lagA lenA kaThina hai| nanda- sAmrAjya meM unako pUrA-pUrA saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| [12] maurya samrATa aura digambara muni "bhadrabAhuvacaH zrutvA candragupto narezvaraH / asyaivayoginaM pArzve dadhau jainezvaraM tapaH || 38 / / candraguptamuniH zIghraM prathamo dshpuurvikaam| sarvasaMghAdhipojAto vizAkhAcAryasaMjJakaH / / 39 / / anena saha saMghopi samasto guruvAkyataH / dakSiNApathadezastha putrATa viSayaM yayau / / 40 / / " - hariSeNa kathAkoSa 'pauudharesu' cariyoM ciNadikkhaM dharadi candragupto meM / - triloka prajJapti 3 nanda rAjAoM ke pazcAt magadha kA rAjachatra candragupta nAma ke eka kSatriya rAjaputra ke hAtha lagA thaa| usane apane bhujavikrama se prAyaH sAre bhArata para adhikAra kara 1. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 139 - 141 / 'atha vidyuccaro nAmnA paryaTanniha sanmuniH / ekAdazAMgavidyAsAmadhIto vidadhattapaH / athAnyadhuH saniHsaMgo muni paMcazatairvRtiH // mathurAyAM mahodyAna- pradezeSvagamanmudA / tadAgacchasa vailakSyaM bhAnurastAcalaM zritaH / / ityAdi / / " 2. jaihi, bhA 14, pR. 217 / 3. jaihi. e., bhA. 3, pR. 531 / digambaratva aura disambara mu (71)

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liyA thA aura "paurya", nAmaka rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI thii| jaina zAstra isa rAjA ko digambara muni zramaNapati zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA ziSya prakaTa karate hai|' yUnAnI rAjapUta megasthanIja bhI candragupta ko zramaNabhakta prakaTa karatA hai| samrATa candragapta ne apane vRhat sAmrAjya meM digambara puniyoM ke bihAra aura dharma pracAra karane kI suvidhA kI thii| zrameNapatti bhadrabAhu ke saMgha ko vaha rAjA bahuta vinaya karatA thaa| bhadrabAhu jI baMgAla deza ke koTikapura nAyaka nagara ke nivAsI the| eka bAra vahA~ zrutakevalI govarddhana svAmI anya digambara muniyoM sahita A nikale, bhadrabAhu unhIM ke nikaTa dIkSita hokara digambara muni ho gye| govarddhana svAmI ne saMgha sahita giranArajI kI yAtrA kA udyoga kiyA thaa| isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki unake samaya meM digambara muniyoM ko vihAra karane kI svidhA prApta thii| bhadrabAha jI ne bhI saMgha sahita deza-dezAntara meM vihAra kiyA thA aura vaha ujjainI pahuMce the| vahIM se unhoMne dakSiNa deza kI ora saMgha sahita vihAra kiyA thA, kyoMki unheM mAlUma ho gayA thA ki uttarApatha meM eka dvAdazavarSIya vikarAla duSkAla par3ane ko hai jisameM punicaryA kA pAlana duSkara hogaa| samrATa candragupta ne bhI isI samaya apane putra ko rAjya dekara bhadrabAha svAmI ke nikaTa jinadIkSA dhAraNa kI thI aura vaha anya digambara paniyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata ko cale gaye the| zravaNabelagola kA kaTavapra nAmaka parvata unhIM ke kAraNa "candragiri" nAma se prasiddha ho gayA hai, kyoki usa parvata para candragupta ne tapazcaraNa kiyA thA aura vahIM unakA samAdhi paraNa huA thaa|' 1. 'cndraavdaatstishcndrvnmodkrtRnnaam| candraguptinRpastalcakakacyAruguNodayaH ||7||2 / / jJAnavijJAnapArIojimapUjApuraMdaraH / caturddhA dAna dakSo yaH pratAprajita bhAskaraH / / 8 / / pada. "samAsAdya sa sUrIzaM (bhadrAbAha) parItya prshryaanvitH| samabhyarcya guroH pAdAvagaMdhasadakAdikaiH / / 26 / / " -bhaTra. 2. "That Chandragupt was a member of the Jaina community is laken by their writers as a matter of course. and treared as a known fast. which needed neither argument nor demonstration. The documentary evidence to this effort is of comparatively early date, and apparenily alived frum all suspicion... 'The testimuny of Megasthense would likewise seem toimply thai Chandragupta sutimitled to the devotional catching of the Srananas as opposed to the duinnes of the bahnanas. (Siralo. XV.p.60) JRA Vol. IX.pp.175-176. 3. "tamAlapatravattasya dezobhUtapauNDUvarddhanaH |"-"ttr koTTapuraM ramyaM ghotate nraakkhnnddvt|" 'bhadrabAhuritikhyAti praaptvaanbndhuvrgtH|" ityAdi -bhadra., pR.10-23 4. "cikIrSa naimitIrthezayAtrAM raivatakAcale / " -bhadra.,pR.13 5. bhadra,,pR. 27-51 / 6. Jaina tradition avers that Chandragupta Maurya was aJains, and thal, whena gtreal twelve year's renting ocrurccd, he abdicated accompanied Dhadrababy, the last of the Suinis called Srutakvalins to the South, lived as an ascetic at Sravanabelgole in Mysore and ultimalely commiled Suicide by Starvation at thal place, where his name is still hellin rencobrance. In the second cdition of this book I rejccicd that tradition und dismissed the tale ak imaxinary histroy. But on reconsideration of the whole evidence and the objections urged against the credibility of the story. I am now dispused to belive that the tradition probably is true in its main outline and thal Chandragupla really abdicated and becanre a Jaina ascetic," Sir Vincient Snith. FIII, p., St. digambAsya aura digambara muni (72)

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bindasAra ne jainiyoM ke liye kyA kiyA? yaha jJAta nahIM hai, kintu jaba usakA pitA jaina thA, to usa para jaina prabhAva par3anA avazyambhAvI hai| usa para usakA putra Azoka apane prArambhika jIvana meM jaina dharmaparAyaNa rahA thA, balki anta samaya taka usane jaina sidvAndoM kA pracAra kiyA, yaha amiTa diyA jA sakA hai| isa dizA meM bindusAra kA jaina dharma premI honA ucita hai| azoka ne apane eka stambha meM spaSTataH nitha sAdhuoM kI rakSA kA Adeza nikAlA thaa|' samrAT samprati pUrNataH jaina dharmaparAyaNa the| unhoMne jaina muniyoM ke vihAra aura dharma pracAra kI vyavasthA na kevala bhArata meM hI kI, balki videzoM meM bhI unakA vihAra karAkara jaina dharma kA pracAra karA diyaa| usa samaya meM dazapUrva ke dhAraka vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya Adi digambara jainAcAryoM ke saMrakSaNa meM rahA jaina saMgha khUba phalA-phulA thaa| jisa sAmrAjya ke adhiSThAtA hI svayaM jaba digambara muni hokara dharma pracAra karane ke liye tula gaye to bhalA kahiye jaina dharma ko vizeSa unnati aura digambara muniyoM ko bAhulyatA usa rAjya meM kyoM na hotii| mauryoM kA nAma jaina sAhitya meM isIlie svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita | [13] sikandara mahAn evaM digambara muni ... Onesikritos says that he himself was sent to converse with these sages. For Alexander heard that these men (Sramans) went about reaked, 1. Narsinhachar's Sravanahelayolap-25-40. viko., bhAga 7, e. 156-157 tathA jaizisaM. bhUmikA, pR. 54-70 3. "We niay conclude that Bindusara folkwed the faith (Jainism) of this of his father (Chandragupta) and that, in the same bclicf. whatever it may prove to have been, his childhood's lessons were first learnt by Ashoka. -F.Thomas, JRAS., IX., 181 3. hamArA "samrATa azoka aura jaina dharma" nAmaka TraikTa dekho| 4. stambha lekha naM. 7 "That sounder of the Mauraya dynasty, Chandragupta, as well as bis Brahnsin Minister, Chanadya. were also inclined towards Mahavira's darines and cver Ashoka is said to have been luid towards Buddhism by a previous study of Jain tcaching." -E.B..Havell, IIARI.D.59. 5. kuNAlasUnustrikhaNDabharatAdhipaH paramArhato anAryadezeSvapi pravartita zramaNavihAraH samprati mahArAjoMsauMbhavat -pATalIputra kalpagrantha, EHI.,pp. A12-203. digambAtva aura digambara muni (73)

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inused themselves to hardships and were held in highest honour; that when invited they did not go to other 70 person. -Mc Crindle, Ancient India, P. jisa samaya antima nandarAjA bhArata meM rAjya kara rahe the aura candragupta maurya apane sAmrAjya kI nIMva DAlane meM lage huye the, usa samaya bhArata ke pazcimottara sImA prAnta para yUnAna kA pratApI vIra sikandara apanA sikkA jamA rahA thaa| jaba vaha takSazilA pahuMcA to vahA~ usane digambara muniyoM kI bahuta praMzasA sunii| usane cAhA ki ve sAdhugaNa usake sammukha lAye jAyeM, kintu aisA honA asaMbhava thA, kyoMki digambara muni kisI kA zAsana nahIM mAnate aura na kisI kA nimaMtraNa svIkAra karate haiN| usa para sikandara ne apane eka dUta ko, jisakA nAma anzakRtasa (Oneskritos) thA, unake pAsa bhejaa| usane dekhA, takSazilA ke pAsa udyAna meM bahuta se naMge muni tapasyA kara rahe hai| unameM se eka kalyANa nAmaka muni se usako bAtacIta hotI rahI thii| muni kalyANa ne azakRtasa se kahA thA ki yadi tuma hamAre tapa kA rahasya samajhanA cAhate ho to hamArI taraha digambara muni ho jaao| 'aMzakRtasa ke liye aisA karanA asaMbhava thaa| Akhira usane sikandara se ina jJAna aura caryA kI prazaMsanIya bAteM khiiN| sikandara unase bahuta prabhAvita huA aura usane cAhA ki ina jJAna-dhyAna taporakta kA prakAza mere deza meM bhI phuNce| usakI isa zubha kAmanA ko muni kalyANa ne pUrA kiyA thaa| jaba sikandara sasainya yUnAna ko lauTA to muni kalyANa usake sAtha ho liye the, kintu IrAna meM hI unakA dehAvasAna ho gayA tha|| apanA anta samaya jAnakara unhoMne jaina vrata sallekhanA kA pAlana kiyA thaa| naMge rahanA, bhUmi zodhakara calanA, haritakAya kA virAdhana na karanA, kisI kA nimaMtraNa svIkAra na karanA ityAdi jina niyamoM kA pAlana muni kalyANa aura unake sAthI punigaNa karate the unase unakA digambara jaina muni honA siddha hai| Adhunika vidvAna bhI yahI prakaTa karate hai| * 2 1. Al..p.69."(Alexander) despatched Onesikritos to them (gymnosophists), who relates that he found at the distance of 20 stadia from the city (of Taxilla) 15 men standing in different postures, sitting or lying down naked, who did not move from these positions till the evening, when they return to the city. The most difficult thing to cadure was the heat of the sun. etc. "Calanus bidding him (Onesi:) to strip himself, if he desired to hear of his doctrine. -Plutarch, A.I., p.71. any 2. bIra, varSa 7, pR. 176 va 341 / 3. Encyclopadia Britannica ( 11th ed.) Vol. XV.p. 128.....the term Digambara is referred to in the well-known Greeck phrase. Gymnosophists, used already by Megasthenes, which applics very aptly to the Nirgranthas (Digambara Jainas). (74) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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__ muni kalyANa jyotiSazAstra meM niSNAta the| unhoMne bahuta so bhaviSyavANiyA~ kI thI aura sikandara kI mRtyu ko bhI unhoMne pahile se hI ghoSita kara diyA thaa| ina bhAratIya santoM kI zikSA kA prabhAva yUnAniyoM para vizeSa par3A thA, yahA~ taka ki tatkAlIna DAyajinesa (Diogenes) nAmaka yUnAnI tattvavettA ne digambara veSa dhAraNa kiyA thA aura yUnAniyoM ne naMgI mUrtiyA~ bhI banavAI thii| yUnAnI lekhakoM ne ina digambara muniyoM ke viSaya meM khUba likhA hai| ve batAte haiM ki yaha sAdhu naMge rahate the| sardI-garmI kI parISaha sahana karate the| janatA meM inako vizeSa mAnyatA thii| hATa-bAjAra meM jAkara yaha dharmopadeza dete the| bar3e-bar3e ziSTa gharoM ke aMtaHpuroM meM bhI ye jAte the| rAjAgaNa unakI vinaya karate aura sampati lete the| jyotiSa ke anusAra ye logoM ko bhaviSya kA phalAphala bhI batAte the| bhojana kA nimantraNa ye svIkAra nahIM karate the| vidhipUrvaka nagara meM koI sabhya unheM bhojana dAna detA sI use grahaNa kara lete the yI mekhakoM ke isa varNana se usa samaya ke digambara jaina muniyoM kA mahattva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| unake dvArA bhArata kA nApa videzoM meM bhI camakA thaa| bhalA una jese munIzvaroM ko pAkara kona na apane ko dhanya maanegaa| $. *A calendar (rayment discovered at Milci & belonging to the 2m. century B.C. gives several weather forecasts on the authority of Indian Calamus. -QIMS..XVIII.297 2. NJ.. Intro..p.2 3. Pliny.xxx.v.9-1RAS, Vol. IX.p.232. 4. Aristoboulas says. Their (Gymnosophists) spare lime is spens in the market-place in respect their wing public councillors, they receive great homagc. ctc. Ciccro (l'use Dispule V., 27) - "What Foreign land is mure vasi & wild than India? Yet in that nation ist es whu are reckoned sages spend their life time naked & endure the snows of Caucasus & the naye of winter without grieving & when they have comanitied their body to the flames, not a gran escape them when they are burning (iemens Alexandrinus Those lndians. who are talled Semnoi (zravaNa) Ep naked all their lives. These practise Truth. make predictions about futurity and worship a king of Pyniid. bencaih which they think the bones of some divinity lic buried (Stupas). -AI.,p.183 "St. Jerome- Indian Gymnosophists The king on coming to them worships them & the peace of his cominions depends according to his jualgemene on their prayers -A.I..p.184. Even wealthy house is open to them to the apartments of the women. On entering they share the repast." -A.I.p.71. "When they repair lo the city they disperse themselves to the market place. If they happen to meet any who carries ligs or bunches of grapes they takic whai he bostoms wilhuul giving anything in return. digambaratva aura digambara muni (75)

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. . . . . . . . .. .: .. suMga aura Andhra rAjyoM meM digambara muni . . .. . [14] . MARAvi "The Andhra or Satvahana rule is characterised by almost the same social features as the farther south; but in point of religion they scem to have heen grcal patrons of the Jainas & Buddhists." -S.K. Aiyangar's Ancient India, p. 34 antima maurya samrATa vRhadratha kA usake senApati puSyamitra suMga ne vadha kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra maurya sAmrAjya kA anta karake puSyamitra ne 'suMga rAjavaMza' kI sthApanA kI thii| nanda aura maurya sAmrAjya meM jahA~ jaina aura bauddha dharma unnati ko prApta huye the. vahA~ suMga vaMza ke rAjatva kAla meM brAhmaNa dharpa unnata avasthA ko prApta huA thA kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki brAhmaNettara jaina Adi dhamoM para isa samaya koI saMkaTa AyA ho| hama dekhate haiM ki svayaM puSyamitra ke rAjaprAsAda ke sannikaTa nandarAja dvArA lAI gaI, kaliMga jina kI mUrti surakSita rahI thii| isa avasthA meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa samaya digambara jaina dharma ko vikaTa bAdhA sahanI par3I thii| usa para saMga rAjAgaNa adhika samaya taka zAsanAdhikArI bhI na rhe| bhArata ke pazcimottara sImA prAnta aura paMjAba kI ora to yavana rAjAoM ne adhikAra jamAnA prArambha kara diyA aura magadha tathA madhya bhArata para jaina samrATa khAravela tathA Andhra rAjAoM ke AkramaNa hone lge| khAravela ko pAgadha vijaya meM AndhravaMzI rAjAoM ne unakA sAtha diyA thaa| magadha para Andhra rAjAoM kA adhikAra ho gyaa| ina rAjAoM ke udyoga se jaina dharma phira eka bAra camaka utthaa| AndhravaMzI rAjAoM meM hAla, pulumAyi Adi jaina dharma premI kahe gaye haiN| inhoMne digambara jaina muniyoM ko vihAra aura dharma pracAra karane kI suvidhA pradAna kI pratIta hotI hai| ujjainI ke prasiddha rAjA vikramAditya bhI isI vaMza se sambandhita batAye jAte hai| vaha zaiva the, parantu uparAnta eka digambara jainAcArya ke upadeza se jaina ho gaye the| 8. In the decadance that suflowed the death of Ashoka, the Andhras keem to have had their own share and they may possibly have helped Kharvela or Kalinga, whoun lic invaded Magadba in the Middle of the 2nd century B.C. when the kanvar were overthrown TheAndhras extend their power northwards &occupy Magadha. SAI.pp.15-16 2.J3ORS.I.T-1IR.&CIE.I.p.532. 3. Allahalrad L'niversity Studios, Pt. 11.pp. 113-147. (76) digambarava aura digambA pani

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IsvI parva prathama zatAbdi meM eka bhAratIya rAjA kA saMbadha roma ke bAdazAha oNgasTasa se thaa| unhoMne usa bAdazAha ke liye bheMTa bhejI thii| jo loga usa bheMTa ko le gaye the, unake sAtha bhRgukancha (bhaDauMca) se eka zramaNAcArya(digambara jainAcArya) bhI sAtha ho liye the| vaha yUnAna pahuMce the aura vahA~ unakA sammAna huA thaa| Akhira saltakhA, pratako pAlA kara unhani anta(Athens) meM prANa visarjana kiye the| vahA~ unako eka niSadhikA banAyI gaI thii| aba bhalA kahiye, jaba usa samaya digambara mani videzoM taka meM jAkara dharma pracAra karane meM samartha the, to ve bhArata meM kyoM na vihAra aura dharma pracAra karane saphala hote| jaina sAhitya batAtA hai ki gaMgadeva sudharma, nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena Adi digambara jainAcAryoM ke netRtva meM tatkAlIna jaina dharma sajIva ho rahA thaa| IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdi meM bhArata meM apolo aura dapasa nAmaka do yUnAnI tattvetA Aye the| unakA tatkAlIna digambara muniyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha huA thaa| sArAMzataH usa samaya bhI digambara muni itane pahattvazIla the ki ve videziyoM kA bhI zyAna AkRSTa karane ko samartha the| ::: : | yavana kSatrapa Adi rAjAgaNa tathA [15] digambara muni ma "About the second century B.C. when the Greeks had occupied a fair portion of western india, Jainism appcars to have made its way amongst them and the founder of the sect appears also to have been beld in hign estcorn by the Indo- Greeks, as is apparent fronm an account given in the milinda Panho." -H.G.p.78. 1. In the sune year (25BC) went an Indian embassy with gifts tu Augustus, imma King talled Purus by some and Pandian by other...'They were accompanied by the man who bumi hinisclf at Athens. 11c with a smile leapt upon thc pyte naked...On his tomb was Thix inscription, Zernmanu - chegns, to the custom ol his couniry, lics here termshochegas SCC116 1o be the Greek rendering of Sramanachina or Jaina Guru and the self-immolation a varicty of Sallekhna." -IIIQ. Vol. II, p. 293 2. Aprilonius of Tyana travelled with Damus. om about 4D.C. he carve to explore the wonders of India....llc was a Phythororian philosopher & mellarchas al l'exilla and disputed with Indian Ciynnaosophists. (Niryani has)" -OIMS,XVIII.pp.305-306 digambaratva aura digambara puna (170

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pauryoM ke uparAnta bhArata ke pazcimottara sImA prAMta, paMjAba, mAlavA Adi pradezoM para yUnAnI Adi videziyoM kA adhikAra ho gayA thaa| ina videzI logoM meM bhI jaina muniyoM ne apane dharma kA pracAra kara diyA thA aura unameM se kaI bAdazAha jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the| bhAratIya yavanoM (Greek) meM manendra (Menander) nAmaka rAjA prasiddha thaa| usakI rAjadhAnI paMjAba prAnta kA prasiddha nagara sAkala syAlakoTa thaa| bauddha graMtha "pilinadapaNha' se vidita hai ki usa nagara meM pratyeka varSa ke guru pahuMcakara dharmopadeza dete the| mAlUma hotA hai ki digambara jaina muniyoM ko vahA~ vizeSa Adara prApta thA, kyoMki 'pilinadapaNha' meM kahA gayA hai ki pAMca sau yUnAniyoM ne rAjA manendra se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 'nigraMtha' dharma dvArA manastuSTi karane kA Agraha kiyA thA aura manendra ne unakA yaha Agraha svIkAra kiyA thaa|' antataH vaha jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gayA thA aura usake rAjya meM ahiMsA dharma kI pradhAnatA ho gaI thii| yavanoM (Indo Greek) ko harAkara zakoM ne phira uttara-pazcima bhArata para adhikAra jamAyA thaa| unhoMne 'chatrapa' prAntIya zAsaka niyakta karake zAsana kiyA thaa| inameM rAjA agresa(Azes I) ke samaya meM takSazilA meM jaina dharma unnati para thaa| usa samaya ke bane hube jaina RpiyoM ke smAraka rUpa stUpa Aja bhI takSazilA meM bhagnAvazeSa hai|' zaka rAjA kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva ke rAjakAla meM bhI jaina dharma unnata dazA meM rahA thaa| mathurA usa samaya pradhAna jaina kendra thaa| aneka niAtha sAdhu vahA~ vicarate the| una nagna sAdhuoM kI pUjA rAjaputra aura rAjakanyAyeM tathA sAdhAraNa jana-samudAya kiyA karate the|' chatrapa nahapAna bhI jaina dharma premI pratIta hotA hai| usakA rAjya gujarAta se mAlavA taka vistRta thaa| jaina sAhitya meM unakA ullekha naravAhana aura nahavANa rupa meM huA milatA hai| nahapAna hI saMbhavataH bhUtabali nAmaka digambara jainAcArya huye the, jinhoMne "paTUkhaNDAgama zAstra" kI racanA kI thii| . "They resound with cries of welcome to the teachers of every crecd and the city is the resort of the leading men of cach of the dilfering Sects." -QKM,p3 2. QKM.p.8 3. vIra, varSa 2.5.446-449 / 4. ACT., PP.75-80, 5. "Andher locality in which the Jainas seem to have been formly established from thc middle of the ?ud Century B.C. onwards was Mathura in the old kingdon of Curasens." - CHI.I p.167 & see JOAM. (78 digambaratva aura digambara muni

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chatrapa nahapAna ke atirikta chatrapa rudradamana kA putra rudrasiMha kA bhI jaina dharma bhukta honA saMbhava hai| jUnAgar3ha kI 'aparakoTa' ko guphAoM meM isakA eka lekha hai, jisakA sambandha jaina dharma se honA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ye guphAyeM jaina muniyoM ke upayoga meM AtI thiiN| ina ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki upayukta videzI logoM meM dharma pracAra karane ke liye digambara muni pahuMce the aura unhoMne una logoM ke nikaTa sammAna pAyA thaa| [16] - samrATa aila khAravela Adi / kaliMga nRpa aura digambara - muniyoM kA utkarSa "nandarAja-nItAni kAliMga-jinamsaMnivesaM... gaharatanAna paDihArehi aGgamAgadha vasavu nyaati|" (12 vI paMkti) - "sukati-samaNa-suvihitAnu ca satAdisAnu janitam tapasi-isinaM saMghiyanaM arahata nimIdiyA samIpe pabhare barakArU-samathanapatihi anekayojanAhitAhi pa si o silAhi siMhapatha-gani sidhuDAya nisayAni...ghaNTA (a) ka (to) catare veDUriyagabhe thaMbhe ptitthaapyti"| (15-16 paMkti) -hAthI guphA zilAlekha kaliMga deza meM pahale tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke eka putra ne pahale-pahale rAjya kiyA thaa| jaba sarvajJa hokara tIrthaMkara RSabha ne AryakhaNDa meM vihAra kiyA to vaha kaliMga bhI pahuMce the| unake dharmopadeza se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna kaliMgarAja apane patra ko rAjya dekara puni ho gaye the| basa kaliMga meM digambara muniyoM kA sadbhAva usa prAcIna kAla se hai| 1. IA.XX.163.6. 2. harivaMzapurANa zlo. 3-7, 11, zlo. 14-71 / digambaratva aura digambara muni

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rAjA dazaratha athavA yazadhara ke putra pA~ca sau sAthiyoM sahita digambara muni hokara kaliMga deza se hI mukta huye the tathA vaha pavitra koTizilA bhI usI kaliMga deza meM haiM, jisako zrI rAma-lakSmaNa ne uThAkara apanA bAhavala prakaTa kiyA thA aura jisa para se eka karoDa digambara mani nirvANa ko prApta haye the| sArAMzataH eka atIva prAcIna kAla se kaliMga deza digambara muniyoM ke pavitra caraNa-kamaloM se alaMkRta ho cukA hai| __ikSvAkuvaMza ke kauzaladezIya kSatriya rAjAoM ke uparAnta kaliMga meM harivaMzo kSatriyoM ne rAjya kiyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarvajJa hokara jaba kaliMga me Akara dharmopadeza diyA to usa samaya kaliMga ke jitazutra nAmaka rAjA digambara muni ho gaye aura bhI aneka digambara muni huye the| tadoparAnta dakSiNa kauzalavartI cedirAja ke vaMza ke eka mahApuruSa ne kaliMga para adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| IsvI parva dvitIya zatAbdi meM isa deza meM aila. khAravela nAmaka rAjA apane bhujavikrama, pratApa aura dharma-kArya ke liye prasiddha thaa| yaha jaina dharma kA dRr3ha upAsaka thaa| usane sAre bhArata ko digvijaya kI thii| vaha magadha ke sugavaMzI rAjA ko harAkara 'kaliga jina' nAmaka arhata-mUrti ko vApisa kaliMga le AyA thaa| digambara maniyoM ko vaha bhakti aura vinaya karatA thaa| unhoMne unake liye bahuta se kArya kiye the| kumArI parvata para arhat bhagavAna kI niSadhA ke nikaTa unhoMne eka unnata jina prAsAda banavAyA thA tathA pacahattara lAkha mudrAoM ko vyaya karake usa para vaiDUryaratnajaDita stambha khar3e karavAye the| unakI rAnI ne bhI jaina maMdira tathA muniyoM ke liye guphAyeM banavAI thI, jo aba taka maujUda haiM aura bhI na jAneM unhoneM digambara muniyoM ke liye kyA-kyA nahIM kiyA thaa| usa samaya patharA, ujjainI aura girinara jaina RSiyoM ke kendra sthAna the| khAravela ne jaina RSiyoM kA eka pahAsammelana ekatra kiyA thaa| pathurA, ujjainI, girinAra, kAJcIpura Adi sthAnoM se digambara muni usa sammelana meM bhAga lene ke liye kumArI parvata para pahuMce the| bar3A bhArI dharma mahotsava kiyA gayA thaa| buddhiliMga, deva, dharmasena, nakSatra Adi digambara jainAcArya usa mahAsammelana meM - P - - - - - - - 1. "jasadhara rAhassa suvA paMcasayAbhUba kaliMga desamma || koTisila koDi muNi NivvANa gayA Namo tesi / / 18 / / -NivANa-kAMDa gAhA 2, harivaMzapurANa (kalakattA saMskaraNa), pR. 623 3. JBORS, Vol.III, pp.434-484. 4. bebioM jaismA., pR. 91 5. JHQ. Vol. IV.p.522. 6. "sutadisArnu bhanitam tapasi-isina saMghiyana arahata nisIdiyA samIpe coyathi satikaMturiya upaadyti||" -JBORS, XIll. 236-237. digammaratva aura digambara muni

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sammilita huye the| ina RSi puMgado ne milakara jinavANI kA uddhAra kiyA thA tathA samrATa khAravala ke sahayoga se ve jaina dharma ke pracAra karane meM saphala manoratha huye the| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa samaya prAyaH sAre bhArata meM jaina dharpa phailA huA thaa| yahA~ taka ki videziyoM meM bhI usakA pracAra ho gayA thA, jaise ki pUrva pariccheda meM likhA jA cukA hai| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki aila. khAravela ke rAjakAla meM digambara muniyoM kA mahAn utkarSa huA thaa| aila. khAravela ke bAda unake putra kudepazrI khara pahAmeghavAhana kaliMga ke rAjA haye the| kA bhI jaina dhapAnuyAyI the| unake bAda bhI eka dIrdha samaya taka kaliMga meM jaina dharma rASTra dharma rahA thaa| bauddhagraMtha 'dAThavaMso se jJAta hai ki kaliMga ke rAjAoM meM mahAtmA buddha ke samaya se jaina dharma kA pracAra thaa| gautama buddha ke svargavAsI hone ke bAda bauddhabhikSu khema ne kaliMga ke rAjA brahmadatta ko bauddha dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| brahmadatta kA putra kAzIrAja aura pautra sunanda bhI bauddha rahe the| kintu tadoparAnta phira jaina dharma kA pracAra kaliMga meM ho gyaa| yaha samaya saMbhavataH khAravela Adi kA hogaa| kAlAntara meM kaliMga kA guhaziva nAmaka pratApI rAjA nigraMtha sAdhuoM kA bhakta kahA gayA hai| usake bAda bauddha maMtrI ne use jaina dharma vimukha banA liyA thaa| nigraMtha sAdhu usakI rAdhAnI chor3akara pATaliputra cale gaye the| samrAda pAND vahA~ para zAsanAdhikArI thaa| nigraMtha sAdhuoM ne usase guhagiva ko dhRSTatA kI bAta kahI thii| yaha ghaTanA lagabhaga IsavI tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdi ko kahI jA sakatI hai aura isase prakaTa hai ki usa sapaya taka digambara muniyoM kI pradhAnatA kaliMga aMga-baMga aura pagadha meM vidyamAna thii| digambara paniyoM ko rAjAzraya milA huA thaa| 1. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 228 / 2. JIORS. III.p.505. 3. danta dhAtu tato khemo atanA gajitaM adaa| dantapUre kaliMgassa brahmadattassa raajinre||57 / / 2 / / desayitthAna so dhamma bhetvA sabba kudidittyo|| rAjAnaM taM pasAdesi agaamhirtntge||58|| anujAto tato tassa kAzirAja rahayo suto| rajja laddhA amaccAne soksllmpaanudi||66|| sunandI nAma rAjindo Anandajanano mataM / tassa jo tato Asi buddhasAsananAmako / / 69 / / -dAThA., pR. 11-12 4. guhasItra vheyArAjA durtikkmsaasno| taptI rajjasiri patvA anugahi mahAjan / / 72 / / 2 / / saparasthAnabhijjemo laabhaaskkrlolpe|| mAyAvino avijjanye nigaNthe smuphi||73 / / tassA maccalA so rAjA sutvA dhammasubhAsitaM / dulladdhimalamuJjhitvA pasodi rsnttye||86 / / digambaratva aura digambara muni

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kumArI parvata para ke zilAlekhoM se yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki kaliMga meM jaina dharma dasavIM zatAbdi taka unnatAvasthA para thaa| usa sapaya vahA~ para digambara jaina muniyoM ke vividha saMgha vidyamAna the, jinameM AcArya yazandi, AcArya kulacandra tathA AcArya zubhacandra mukhya sAdhu the|' isa prakAra kaliMga meM digambara jaina dharma kA bAhulya eka atIva prAcIna kAla se rahA hai aura vahA~ para Aja bhI sarAka loga eka bar3I saMkhyA meM haiM, jo prAcIna zrAvaka haiN|' unakA astittva isa bAta kA pramANa hai kaliMga meM jainatva kI pradhAnatA Adhunika samaya taka vidyamAna rahI thii| SONN .. . .. .. | [17] gupta sAmrAjya meM digambara muni / : The capital of inc Cupla emperors becanic the ccnirc of Brahmanical culture; but the masses followed the religions traditions of their forclathers, and Buddhist Jain monasteries continued to be public schools and universities for the greater part of India." -E,B.Havell, HARI,, p. 156 iti so cintayitvAna guhasIvo nraadhipo| pavAjesI sakAraha nigaNThe te aseske||89|| tato nigaNThA savvepi dhatasittAnalA ythaa| koggijalitA gacchaM puraM pATaliputakaM! |90 / / tattha rAjA mahAtejo jambudIpassa hssro| paNDu nAmotadA Asi ananta blvaahno||11|| kodhandholya nigaNThA te salve pesujjkaaskaa| upasaMkammarAjAnaM idaM vacanamabatru / / 12 / / ityAdi "dAThA.,pR. 13-14 1. baMbio jaismA,,pR. 94-96 / 2. baMdio jaismA.,pR. 101-104 / digambaratya aura digambara pani

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yadyapi gupta vaMza ke rAjyakAla meM brAhmaNa dharma kI unnati huI thI, kintu jana-sAdhAraNa meM aba bhI jaina aura bauddha dharmoM kA hI pracAra thaa| digambara jaina munigaNa grAma-grAma vicara kara janatA kA kalyANa kara rahe the aura digambara upAdhyAya jaina-vidyApIThoM ke dvArA jJAna-dAna karate the| gupta kAla meM mathurA, ujjaina, zrAvastI rAjagRha Adi sthAna jaina dharma ke kendra the| ina sthAnoM para digambara jaina sAdhaoM ke saMgha vidyamAna the| gupta samrATa abrAhmaNa sAdhUoM se dveSa nahIM rakhate the', tathApi unakA vAda brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ke sAtha karAkara sunanA unheM pasaMda thaa| zrI siddhasenAdivAkara ke udgAroM se patA calatA hai ki "usa samaya saralavAda paddhati aura AkarSaka zAnti vRtti kA logoM para bahuta acchA prabhAva par3atA thaa| nigraMtha akele-dukele hI aise sthaloM para jA pahu~cate the aura brahmaNAdi prativAdI vistRta ziSya-samUha aura jana-samudAya sahita rAjasI ThATa-bATa ke sAtha peza-Ate the, to bhI jo nirgatho ko milatA thA vaha una prativAdiyoM ko aprApya thaa| baMgAla meM pahAr3apura nAmaka sthAna digambara jaina saMgha kA kendra thaa| vahAM ke digambara muni prasiddha the| gupta vaMza meM candragupta dvitIya pratApI rAjA thaa| usane 'vikramAditya' kI upAdhi dharaNa kI thii| vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki usI kI rAja-sabhA meM nimnalignita vidvAna the 'dhanvantariH kSapaNako marasiMhazaMkavatAlabhaTTaghaTa khprkaalidaasaaH| khyAto varAhamihiro nRpateH sbhaayaaN| ratnAni vai vararucirnava vikrmsyaa|' ina vidvAnoM meM "kSapaNaka' nAma kA vidvAna eka digambara pani thaa| Adhunika vidvAna unheM siddhasena nAmaka digambara jainAcArya prakaTa karate haiN| jaina zAstra bhI unakA samarthana karate haiN| unase prakaTa hai ki zrI siddhasena ne 'mahAkAlI ke mandira meM camatkAra dikhAkara candragupta ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kara liyA thaa| 1. bhAi., pR.91| 2. jehi,, bhA. 14, pR. 156 / 3. IHO, VII.441. 4. razrA,,pR. 133 5. rA. caritra, pR. 133-141 / 6. vIra, varSa 1, pR. 471 / / digambAtva aura digambara muni

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Mi uparyukta vidvAnoM meM se amarasiMha', varAhamihira' Adi ne apanI racanAoM me . jainoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, usase bhI prakaTa hai ki usa samaya jaina dharma kAphI unnata rupa meM thaa| varAhamihira ne jainoM ke upAsya devatA kI mUrti nagna banatI likhI hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya ujjainI meM digambara dharma mahatvapUrNa thaa| jaina sAhitya se prakaTa hai ki ujjainI ke nikaTa bhaddalapura (vIsanagara) meM usa samaya TiMgavara niyoM kA maMdha maujUda thA, jisake AcAryoM kI kAlAnusAra nAmavalI nimna prakAra haiM1. zrI muni vajranandI san 307 meM AcArya huye zrI muni kumAra nandI san 329 meM AcArya huye zrI muni lokacandra prathama san 360 meM AcArya huye zrI puni prabhAcandra prathama san 396 meM AcArya huye zrI muni nemicandra prathama san 421 meM AcArya huye 'zrI muni bhAnunandi san 430 meM AcArya huye zrI muni jayanandi 451 meM AcArya huye zrI muni vasunandi 468 meM AcArya huye zrI muni vIranandi 474 meM AcArya huye zrI puni ratnanandi 504 meM AcArya huye zrI muni mANikyanandi 528 meM AcArya huye zrI muni meghacandra 544 meM AcArya huye 13. zrI muni zAnti kIrti prathaya - 560 meM AcArya huye 14. zrI muni merukIrti prathama - 585 meM AcArya haye inake bAda jo digambara jainAcArya huye, unhone bhaddalapura (mAlavA) se haTAkara jaina saMgha kA kendra ujjaina pe banA diyaa| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki candragupta vikramAditya ke nikaTa jaina dharma ko Azraya milA thaa| usI samaya cInI yAtrI phAhyAna bhArata meM AyA thaa| usane pathurA ke uparAnta padhyapradeza meM 96 pAkhaNDoM kA pracAra likhA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki "ve saba loka aura paraloka mAnate haiN| unake sAdhu-saMgha haiN| ve bhikSA karate haiM, kevala bhikSApAtra nahIM rkhte| saba nAnA rupa se dharmAnuSThAna karate haiN|" digambara muniyoM ke pAsa bhikSApAtra nahIM hotA-khe pANipAtra bhojI aura unake saMgha hote haiM tathA ve mukhyataH ahiMsA dharma kA upadeza dete haiN| phAhyAna bhI kahatA hai ki "sAre AN 1. amarakoSa dekho| 2. 'nAnAn jinAnAM viduH / - varAhamihira saMhitA 3. paTTavAlI jaihi.. bhAga 6, aMka 7-8, pR. 29-30 va [A,XX, 351-352 4. IA,XX,352. (841 digambarasya aura digambara muni

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deza meM sivAya cANDAla ke koI adhivAsI na jIvahiMsA karatA hai, na madya pItA hai aura na lahasuna khAtA hai|.... na kahIM sUnAgAra aura madya kI dukAneM hai| . usake isa kathana se bhI jaina mAnyatA kA samarthana hotA hai ki bhaddalapura, ujjainI Adi madhyapradezavartI nagaroM meM digambara jaina muniyoM ke saMgha maujada the aura unake dvArA ahiMsA dharma kI unnati hotI thii| phAhyAna saMkAzya, zrAvastI, rAjagRha Adi nagaroM meM bhI nigraMtha sAdhuoM kA astittva pragaTa karatA hai| saMkAzya usa samaya jaina tIrtha mAnA jAtA thaa| saMbhavataH yahU bhagavAn vimalanAtha tIrthaMkara kA kevalyajJAna kA sthAna hai| do-tIna varSa huye, vahIM nikaTa se eka nagna jaina mUrti nikalI thI aura vaha gupta kAla kI anumAna kI gaI hai| isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM nigraMthoM aura bauddha bhikSuoM meM vAda huA vaha likhatA zrAvastI meM bhI bauddhoM ne nirgrathoM se vivAda kiyA vaha batAtA hai| zrAvastI meM usa samaya suhRdadhvaja vaMza ke jaina rAjA rAjya karate the| 'kuhAUM (gorakhapura) se jo skandagupta ke rAjakAla kA jaina lekha milA hai usase spaSTa haiM ki isa ora avazya ho digambara jaina dharma unnatAvasthA para thaa| sA~cI se eka jaina lekha vikrama saM. 468 bhAdrapada caturthI kA milA hai| usameM likhA hai ki undAna ke putra AparakAra deva ne IzvaravAsaka gA~va aura 25 dInAroM kA dAna kiyaa| yaha dAna kAkanAvoTa ke jaina bihAra meM pA~ca jaina bhikSuoM ke bhojana ke liye aura ratnagRha meM dIpaka jalAne ke liye diyA gayA thaa| ukta AmaskAraka deva candragupta ke yahA~ kisI sainika pada para niyukta thA / " yaha bhI jainotkarSa kA dyotaka hai| rAjagRha para bhI phAhyAna nigraMthoM kA ullekha karatA hai / vahA~ kI subhadra guphA meM tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdi kA eka lekha milA hai jisase prakaTa hai ki puni saMgha ne puni vairadeva ko AcArya pada para niyukta kiyA thaa| rAjagRha meM gupta kAla kI aneka digambara mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| 10 1. phAhyAna, pR. 31 2. IBQ, Vol. V.p.142. 3. phAhyAna, pR. 35-36 // 4. phAhyAna, pR. 40-45 5. saMtrAsmA, pR. 65 / 6. bhAgAsa, bhA. 2, pR. 289 / 17. bhAprArA. bhA. 2, pR. 263 / 4. Here also the Nigantha made a pit with fire in it and poisoned the food of which the invited Buddha to patake (The Nirgranthas were ascetics who went naked" Fa-llian. Beal.pp.110-113 yaha ullekha sAmpradAyika dveSa kA dyotaka hai| 9. baMbio jaisamA, pR. 16 / 10. "Report on the Ancient Jain Remains on the hills of Rajgir" submitted to he Patna Court by R. B. Ramprasad Chanda B.A.Ch. IV..p.30 (Jain images of the Gupta & Pala period at Rajgir). disambara aura disambara muni (85)

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sArAMzataH guptakAla meM digambara puniyoM kA bAhulya thA aura ve sAre deza meM / ghUma-ghUma kara dharmodyota kara rahe the| - harSavarddhana tathA hvenasAMga ke ma samaya meM digambara muni / "bauddhoM aura jainiyoM kI bhI saMkhyA bahuta adhika thii|...bhut se prAntIya rAjA bhI inake anuyAyI the| inake dhArmika siddhAnta aura rItirivAja bhI tatkAlIna samAja para paryApta prabhAva DAle huye the| inake atirikta tatkAlIna samAja meM sAdhuoM, tapasviyoM, bhikSuoM aura yatiyoM kA eka bar3A bhArI samudAya thA, jo usa samaya ke samAja meM vizeSa mahattva rakhatA thaa|....(hinduoN meM) bahuta se sAdhu apane nizcita sthAnoM para baiThe huye dhyAna-samAdhi karate the, jinake pAsa bhakta loga upadeza Adi sunane AyA karate the| bahuta se sAdhu zaharoM va gA~voM meM ghUma-ghUmakara logoM ko upadeza va zikSA diyA karate the| yahI hAla bauddha bhikSuoM aura jaina sAdhuoM kA bhI thaa|....saadhaarnntH logoM ke jIvana ko naitika evaM dhArmika banAne meM ina sAdhuoM, yatiyoM aura bhikSuoM kA bar3A bhArI bhAga thaa|"1 -kRSNacandra vidyAlaMkAra gupta sAmrAjya ke naSTa hone para uttara- bhArata kA zAsana yogya hAthoM meM na rhaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki zIghra hI hUNa jAti ke logoM ne bhArata para AkramaNa karake usa para adhikAra jamA liyaa| unakA rAjya sabhI dharmoM ke liye thor3A-bahuta hAnikAraka huA, kintu yazovarmana rAjA ne saMgaThana karake unheM parAsta kara diyaa| isake bAda harSavardhana nApaka samrATa eka aise rAjA milate haiM jinhoMne sAre uttara- bhArata meM prAyaH apanA adhikAra jamA liyA thA aura dakSiNa-bhArata ko hathiyAne ko bhI jinhoMne koziza kI thii| inake rAjakAla meM prajA ne saMtoSa kI sAMsa lI thI aura vaha dharma-karma kI bAtoM kI ora dhyAna dene lagI thii| gaptakAla se hI brAhmaNa dharma kA panarutthAna hone lagA thA aura isa samaya bhI usakI bAhulyatA thI, kintu jaina aura bauddha dharma bhI pratibhAzAlI the| dhArmika jAgRti kA vaha unnata kAla thaa| gaptakAla se jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa vidvAnoM meM vAda aura 1. harSakAlIna bhArata-"tyAgabhUmi', varSa 2, khaNDa 1, pR. 301 / (86) digamvaratva aura digambara muni

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zAstrArtha honA prArambha ho gaye the| hAI ke kAla meM Uo vaha barasa ki samAja meM vidvAna hI sarvazreSTha puruSa ginA jAne lgaa|' ina vidvAnoM meM digambara muniyoM kA bhI sapAtra thaa| samrATa harSa ke rAjakavi bApya ne apane graMthoM meM unakA ullekha kiyA hai| vaha likhatA hai ki "rAjA jaba gahana jaMgala me jA pahuMcA to vahA~ usane aneka taraha ke tapasvI dekhe| unameM nAna (digambara) Arhata (jaina) sAdhu bhI the| harSa ne apane mahAsammelana meM unheM zAstrArtha ke liye bulAyA thA aura vaha eka bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita huye the| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya harSa kI rAjadhAnI ke Asa-pAsa bhI jaina dharma kA prAbalya thA, vaise to vaha sAre bhArata meM phailA huA thaa| ujjaina kA digambara jaina saMgha aba bhI prasiddha thA aura usameM tatkAlIna nimna digambara jainAcArya maujUda the 1. zrI digambara jainAcArya mahAkIrti, san 629 ko AcArya huye 2. zrI digambara jainAcArya viSNunandi san 647 ko AcArya huye 3. zrI digambara jainAcArya zrIbhUSaNa san 669 ko AcArya huye 4. zrI digambara jainAcArya zrIcandra san 678 ko AcArya huye 5. zrI digambara jainAcArya zrInandi san 692 ko AcArya huye 6. zrI digambara jainAcArya dezabhUSaNa san 708 ko AcArya huye samrATa harSa ke sapaya meM (7 bI za.) cauna deza se hvenasAMga nAmaka yAtrI bhArata AyA thaa| usane bhArata aura bhArata ke bAhara digambara jaina muniyoM kA astittva batalAyA hai| vaha unheM nirgaMdha aura naMge sAdhu likhatA hai tathA unakI kezaluJcana kriyA kA bhI ullekha karatA hai| vaha pezAvara kI ora se bhArata meM ghusA thA aura vahIM siMhapura meM usane naMge jaina muniyoM ko pAyA thaa| isake uparAnta paMjAba aura mathurA, sthAnezvara, brahmapura, AhikSetra, kapitha, kannauja, ayodhyA, prayAga, kauzAMbI, banArasa, zrAvastI ityAdi madhyapradezavatoM nagaroM meM yadyapi usane digambara muniyoM kA pRthaka ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, parantu eka sAtha saba prakAra ke sAdhuoM kA ullekha karake usane unake astitva ko ina nagaroM meM prakaTa kara diyA hai| mathurA ke sambandha meM vaha likhatA hai 1. bhAi,,pR. 103-104 / 2. dimu., pR. 21 / 3. Hari., P.270. 4. jaihi., e. bhA. 6, aMka 7-8, pR. 30 va .A.,'xx-352 5. "Hisun Tsang found thern (Jains) spread through the whole of India and even beyond its boundarics,-"AISJ.P.45 vizeSa ke liye henasAMga kA bhArata bhramaNa (iNDiyana presa li.) dekho| 6. "The Li-hi (Nirgranthas) distinguish themselves by leaving their bodics nalcd & puling oul their hair, Their skin is all cracked thcir scet are hard & chapped like colting trees." -(S1. Julien, Vicnna.p.224) 7. humA., pR. 143 / digambaratva aura digambara muni (87)

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ki "pA~ca deva mandira bhI hai, jinameM saba prakAra ke sAghu upAsanA karate haiN| " sthAnezvara ke viSaya meM usane likhA hai ki "kaI sau deva mandira bane haiM, jinameM nAnA jAti ke agaNita bhitra dharmAvalambI upAsanA karate haiN| " aise hI ullekha anya nagaroM ke sambandha meM usane kiye haiN| rAjagRha ke varNana meM hvenasAMga ne likhA hai ki "vipula pahAr3I kI coTI para eka stUpa usa sthAna meM haiM, jahA~ prAcIna kAla meM tathAgata bhagavAn ne dharma ko punarAvRtti kI thii| Ajakala bahuta se nirgratha loga (jo naMge rahate hai, isa sthAna para Ate haiM aura rAta-dina avirAma tapasyA kiyA karate haiM tathA savere se sAMjha taka isa ( stUpa) kI pradakSiNA karake bar3I bhakti se pUjA karate haiN| " " puNDravarddhana (baMgAla) meM vaha likhatA hai ki "kaI sau devamandira bhI haiM jinameM aneka saMpradAya ke viruddha dharmAvalambI upAsanA karate haiN| adhika saMkhyA nigraMtha logoM (digambara muniyoM) kI hai / "4 samataTa (pUrvI baMgAla) meM bhI usane aneka digambara sAdhu pAye the| vaha likhatA hai, "digambara sAdhu, jinako nirgratha kahate haiM, bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiN| "" tAmralipti meM vaha virodhI aura bauddha donoM kA nivAsa batalAtA hai| karNasuvarNa ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta kahatA hai / 6 7 kaliMga meM isa samaya digambara jaina dharma pradhAna pada grahaNa kiye hue thaa| hvenasAMga kahatA hai ki vahA~ 'sabase adhika saMkhyA nirgratha logoM kI hai| isa samaya kaliMga meM senavaMza ke rAjA rAjya kara rahe the, jinakA jaina dharma se sambandha honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai| dakSiNa kauzala meM vaha vidharmI aura bauddha donoM ko batAtA hai| Andhra meM bhI virodhiyoM kA astittva vaha prakaTa karatA hai| ' 9 10 cola deza meM bahuta se nigraMtha loga batAtA hai| - dravir3a ke sambandha meM vaha kahatA hai ki "koI assI deva mandira aura asaMkhya virodhI hai, jinako nirgratha kahate haiN| 11 (88) 1. hubhA, pR. 181 / 2. huA, pR. 186 | 3. humA, pR. 474-475 / 4. hubhA, pR. 526 / 5. huA, pR. 5331 6. hubhA. pR. 535-5371 7. bhA. pR. 545 // 8. vIra, varSa 4, pR. 328-332 / 9. huA. pR. 546-557 // 10. hathamA, pR. 570 // 11. hUbhA, pR. 572 digambara aura digambara muni

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mAlakaTa (malaya dezoM meM vaha batAtA hai ki "kaI mau Tela paMdira aura asaMkhya virodhI hai, jinarma adhikatara nigraMtha loga hai| isa prakAra hvenasAMga ke bhramaNa-vRtAnta se usa samaya prAyaH sAre bhAratavarSa meM digambara jaina muni nirbAdha bihAra aura dharma pracAra karate huya milate haiN| ...: /am ::::800 :' | [19] madhyakAlIna hindU rAjya meM digambara muni / "zrI dhaaraadhip-bhojraaj-mukutt-protaashmrshmicchttaacchaayaa-kuNkm-pNk-lipt-crnnaambhojaat-lkssmiidhvH| nyAyAjAkaramaNDane dinamaNizzabdAja-rodomaNistheyAtpaNDita-puNDarIka taraNi shriimaanprbhaacndrmaaH||" -candrAgiri zilAlekha rAjapUta aura digambara muni harSa ke uparAnta uttara bhArata meM koI eka samrATa na rahA, balki aneka choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM yaha deza vibhakta ho gyaa| ina rAjyoM meM adhikAMza rAjapUtoM ke adhikAra meM the aura inameM digambara pani nirbAdha vicara kara janakalyANa karate the| rAjapUtoM meM adhikAMza jaise cauhAna, par3ihAra Adi eka samaya jaina dharma ke pakta the aura unake kuladevatA cakrezvarI, ambA Adi zAsana deviyA~ thii| uttara-bhArata meM kannauja ko rAjapUta-kAla meM bhI pradhAnatA prApta rahI haiN| vahA~ kA rAjAbhoja parihAra (840-90 I.) sAre uttara bhArata kA zAsanAdhikArI thaa| jainAcArya khappasUri ne usake darabAra meM Adara prApta kiyA thaa| zrAvastI, pathurA, asAIkher3A, devAgar3ha, vArAnagara, ujjaina Adi sthAna usa samaya bhI jaina kendra bane huye the| gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka zrAvastI meM jaina dharma rASTra dharma rahA thaa| vahA~ kA antima rAjA suhRddhvaja thaa| usake saMrakSaNa meM digambara muniyoM kA lokakalyANa meM nirata rahanA svAbhAvika hai| 1. humA. pR. 574 2. vIra, varSa, 3 pR. 472 - eka prAcIna jaina guTakA meM yaha bAta likhI huI hai| 3. bhAi. pR. 108 va dije. varSa 23, pR.84 / 4. saMprAsmA pR.65 digambatva aura digambara muni

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banArasa ke rAjA bhImasena jainadharmAnuyAyI the aura vaha anta me pihitAzrava nAmaka jainamuni huye the|' mathurA ke raNaketu nApaka rAjA jaina dharma kA bhakta thaa| vaha apane bhAI guNavarmA sahita nitya jinapUjA kiyA karatA thaa| Akhira guNavarmA ko rAjya dekara vaha jaina puni ho gayA thaa| sUrIpUra (jilA AgarA) kA rAjA jitazatru bhI jainI thaa| vaha bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoM kA Adara karatA thaa| anta meM vaha jaina muni ho gayA thA aura zAntikorti ke nApa se prasiddha huA thaa| mAlavA ke paramAravaMzI rAjAoM meM puJja aura bhoja apanI vidyArasikatA ke liye prasiddha hai| unako rAjadhAnI dhAra nagarI vidyA kendra thii| muja ke darabAra meM dhanapAla, pyagupta, dhanaJjaya, halAyuddha Adi aneka vidvAna the| paJjanareza se digambara jainAcArya pahAsena ne vizeSa sammAna pAyA thaa| muJja ke uttarAdhikArI siMdhu rAja ke eka sApanta ke anurodha para unhoMne 'pradyumna carita' kAvya kI racanA kI thii| kavi dhanapAla kA choTA bhAI jainAcArya ke upadeza se jaina ho gayA thA, kintu dhanapAla ko jainoM se ciDha thii| Akhira unake dila para bhI satya jaina dharma kA sikkA jama gayA aura vaha bhI jainI ho gaye the| digambara jainAcArya zrI zubhacandra jI rAjA muJja ke samakAlIna the| unhoneM rAja kA poha tayAgakara digambarI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii|" rAjA puJja ke samaya meM hI prasiddha digambaracArya zrI amitagati jI huye the| vaha mAthura saMgha ke AcArya mAdhavasena ke ziSya the| 'AcAryavarya amitagati bar3e bhArI vidvAn aura kavi the| inako asAdhAraNa vidvatA kA paricaya pAne ko inake grathoM kA 1. jaipra., pR. 242 / 2. puurv.| 3. pUrva., pR. 241 / 4. bhaprArA. pA. 1, pR. 100 / 5. maprAjaismA., bhUmikA, pR. 20 / 6. bhabhArA., bhA. 1, pR. 103-104 / 7. majeDa.. pR.54-55 / (90) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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manana karanA caahiye| racanA sarala aura sukhasAdhya hone para bhI bar3I gaMbhIra aura madhura hai| saMskRta bhASA para inakA acchA adhikAra thA / ' 'nItivAkyAmRta' Adi graMthoM ke racayitA digambarAcArya zrI somadeva sUri zrI amitagati AcArya ke samakAlIna the| usa samaya ina digambarAcAryoM dvArA digambara dharma kI khUba prabhAvanA ho rahI thii| 2 rAjAbhoja aura digambara muni bhuja ke samAna rAjAbhoja ke darabAra meM bhI jainoM ko vizeSa sammAna prApta thaa| bhoja svayaM zaiva thA, parantu 'vaha jainoM aura hinduoM ke zAstrArtha kA bar3A anurAgI thaa|' zrI prabhAcandrAcArya kA usane bar3A Adara kiyA thaa| digambara jainAcArya zrI zAMtisena ne bhoja kI sabhA meM saikar3oM vidvAnoM se vAda karake unheM parAsta kiyA thaa|' eka kavi kAlidAsa rAjAbhoja ke darabAra meM bhI the| kahate haiM ki unakI sparddhA digambarAcArya zrI mAnatuMga jI se thii| unhIM ke ukasAne para rAjA bhoga meM mAnatuMgAcArya ko ar3atAlIsa koThoM ke bhItara banda kara diyA thA, kintu zrI bhaktAmara stotra' kI racanA karate huye vaha AcArya apane yogabala se bandhanamukta ho gae the| isa ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara kahate haiM, rAjAbhoja jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the, kintu isa ghaTanA kA samarthana kisI anya zrota se nahIM hotaa| zrI brahmadeva ke anusAra 'dravyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrI nemicandrAcArya bhI rAjAbhoja ke darabAra meM the|' zrI nayanandI nAmaka digambara jainAcArya ne apanA "sudarzana caritra" rAjAbhoja ke rAjakAla meM samApta kiyA thaa| ujjainI kA digambara saMgha bhoja ne apanI rAjadhAnI ujjainI meM upasthita kI thii| usa samaya bhI ujjainI apane "digambara jaina saMgha ke lie prasiddha thii| usa samaya taka saMgha meM nimna AcArya hue the 7 anantakIrti dharmanandi 9. viko. bhA. 2, pR. 64 / 7 2. vira, pR. 115 / san 708I. san 728I. 3. bhAbhArA, bhAga 1, pR. 118-121 / 4. bhaktAmara kathA, jaitra, pR. 239 / 5. saM. pR. 9 vRtti / 6. matrAjaismA, bhUmikA, pU. 20 / 7. jaihi. bhA. 6, aMka 7-8 pR. 30-31 digambarasyA aura digambara muni (91)

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san 821 I. vidyAnandi san 751 I. rAmacandra san 783 I. rAmakIrti san 790 I. abhayacandra naracandra san 840 I. manacandra sa. 859 I. harinandi san 8 82 I. haricandra san 891 I. mahIcandra san 917 I. mASacandra san 133 I. lakSmIcandra san 966 I. guNakIrti san 970 I. guNacaMdra san 991 I. lokacandra san 1009I. zrutakIrti san 1022 I. pAvacandra san 1037 I. mahIcandra san 1058 I. Apake saMgha meM digambara muniyoM kI saMkhyA adhika thI aura Apake dharmopadeza ke dvArA dharma prabhAvanA vizeSa huI thii| inakI upAdhiyA~ trividha vidhezvaravaiyAkaraNabhAskara-mahAmaMDalAcAryatarkavAgIzvara tho| inake vihAra dvArA khUba prabhAvanA huii| bAda ke paramAra rAjAoM ke samaya meM digambara muni ____ mAlavA ke paramAra rAjAoM meM vindhyavarmA kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai| isa rAjA ke rAjakAla meM prasiddha jaina kavi AzAdhara ne graMtha racanA kI thI aura usa samaya kaI digambara muni bhI rAjasampAna pAye huye the| inameM muni udayasena aura muni madanakIrti ullekhanIya hai| muni madanakIrti hI vindhyavarmA ke putra ajUnadava ke rAjaguru padanopAdhyAya anumAna kiye gaye haiN| inheM aura muni vizalakorti, muni vinayacandra 1. IDara se prApta pAvalI meM likhA hai ki "inhoMne dasa varSa vihAra kiyA thA aura yaha sthira vratI the|"-dije., varSa 14, aMka 10, pR. 17-24 2. dije,, varSa 14, aMka 10, pR. 17-24 / (92) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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Adi ko kavivara AzAdhara ne jaina siddhAnta aura sAhitya jJAna meM nipuNa banAyA thaa| nAlachA usa samaya jaina dharma kA kendra thaa|' zvetAmbara grantha "caturvizati prabandha meM likhA hai ki ujjainI meM vizAlakIrti nAmaka digambarAcArya ke ziSya madanakorti nAma ke digambara sAdhu the| unhoMne vAdiyoM ko parAjita karake 'mahAprAmANikapadavI pAI thI aura karNATaka deza meM jAkara vijayapura nareza kuntibhoja ke darabAra meM Adara pAyA thA aura aneka vidvAnoM ko parAjita kiyA thA, kintu anta meM vaha manipada se bhraSTa ho gae the| gujarAta ke zAsaka aura digambara pani mAlavA ke anurUpa gujarAta bhI digambara jaina maniyoM kA kendra thaa| aMkalezvara meM bhatabali aura puSpadantAcArya ne digambara Agama graMtho kI racanA kI thii| giri nagara ke nikaTa ko guphAoM meM digambara muniyoM kA saMgha prAcIna kAla se rahatA thaa| bhRgukaccha bhI digambara jainoM kA kendra thaa| gujarAta meM cAlukya, rASTrakUda Adi rAjAoM ke samaya meM digambara jaina dharma unnatazIla thaa| solaMkiyo kI rAjadhAnI ahilapurapaTTana meM aneka digambara muni the| zrIcandra muni ne vahIM graMtha racanA kI thii| yogacandra muni' ora muni kanakAmara bhI zAyada gujarAta meM hue the| IDara ke digambara sAdhu prasiddha the| solaMkI siddharAja ne eka vAda sabhA karAI thI, jisameM bhAga lene ke liye karNATaka deza se kumudacandra nAmaka eka digambara jainAcArya Aye the| digambarAcArya nagna hI pATana pahuMce the| siddharAja ne unakA bar3A Adara kiyA thaa| devasari nAmaka zvetAmbarAcArya se unakA vAda huA thaa| isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya bhI digambara jainoM kA gujarAta meM itanA mahattva thA ki zAsaka rAjakula kA bhI dhyAna unakI ora AkRSTa huA thaa| digambarAcArya jJAnabhUSaNa gurjara, saurASTra Adi dezoM meM jina dharma pracAra zrI digambara bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa jo dvArA huA thaa| ahIra deza meM unhoMne ailaka pada dhAraNa kiyA thA aura vAgvara deza meM mahAvratoM ko unhoMne aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| vihAra karate huye vaha karNATaka, taulava, tilaMga, dravir3a, mahArASTra, saurASTra, rAyadeza, bhedapATa, pAlaka, mevAta, kurujAMgala, 1. bhAtArA., bhAga 1, pR. 157 va sAgAra. bhUmikA, pR. 9 / 2. jaihi., bhA. 11, pR. 485 / 3. vIra, varSa 1.p.637| 4. vIra, varSa 1, pR. 638 / 5. viko., thA. 5, pR. 105 / digamvaratva aura digambara muni (93)

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turuna, virATadeza, nAmiyADadeza, Taga, rATa, nAga, cola Adi dezoM meM vicare the| taulava deza ke pahAvAdIzvara vidvajjanoM aura cakravartiyoM ke madhya unhoMne pratiSThA pAI thii| turuba deza meM SaTdarzana ke jJAtAoM kA garva unhoMne naSTa kiyA thaa| namiyAr3a deza meM jina dharma pracAra ke lie nau hajAra upadezakoM ko unhoMne niyukta kiyA thaa| dillI paTTa ke vaha siMhAsanAdhIza the| 'zrI devarAyarAja, pudipAlarAya, rAmanAtharAya, bomarasarAya, kalaparAya. pANDurAya Adi rAjAoM ne unake caraNoM kI vaMdanA kI thii|' digambara jainAcArya zrI zubhacandra zrI zAnabhUSaNa jI ke praziSya zrI zubhacandrAcArya bhI digambara muni the| unakA paTTa bhI dillI meM rahA thaa| unhoMne bhI vihAra karate huye gajarAta ke vAdiyoM kA pada naSTa kiyA thaa| vaha eka advitIya vidvAna aura vAdI the| unhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA ko thii| paTTAvalI meM unake liye likhA hai ki vaha "chanda-aMlakArAdizAstra-samudra ke pAragApI, zuddhAtmA ke svarupa cintana karane ho se nindrA ko binaSTa karane vAle saba dezoM meM vihAra karane se aneka kalyANoM ko pAne vAle, viveka, vicAra, caturatA, gambhIratA, dhIratA, vIratA, aura gaNagaNa ke samudra, utkRSTa pAtra vAle, aneka chAtroM kA pAlana karane vAle, sabhI vidvatmaNDalI meM suzobhita zarIra vAle, gauDavAdiyoM ke andhakAra ke liye sUrya ke se, kaliMgavAdirUpI megha ke liye vAyu ke se, karNATavAdiyoM ke prathama vacana khaNDana karane meM parama samartha, pUrvavAdI rupI mAtaMga ke lie siMha ke se, taulavAdiyoM ko viDambanA ke lie vIra, gurjaravAdI rupI samudra ke lie agastya ke se, pAlavavAdiyoM ke liye pastakazUla, aneka abhimAniyoM ke garva kA nAza karane vAle, svasamaya tathA parassamaya ke zAstrArtha ko jAnane vAle aura mahAvrata aMgIkAra karane vAle the|"r vArAnagara kA digambara saMgha ujjaina ke uparAnta digambara muniyoM kA kendra vindhAyacala parvata ke nikaTa sthita vArAnagara nApaka sthAna ho gayA thaa| vArA prAcIna kAla se hI jaina dharma kA eka gar3ha thaa| AThavIM yA navIM zAtAbdi meM vahA~ zrI manandi mani ne 'jambUdvIpa prajJapti' kI 1. jaisimA,, bhAga 1, kiraNa 4, pR. 48-49 / 2. jaisibhA., bhA. 1, ki.4, pR. 49-50 / "chandAlaMkArAdi-zAstrasaritpatipAraprAptAnAM zuddhacidrUpaciMtana vinAzinidrANAM, sarvadezavihArAvAptAnekabhadraNAM, vivekavicAra-cAturyyaguNagaNasamudrANAM, utkRSTapAtrANAM, pAlitAneka-zcchAtrANAM, vihitAnekottamapAtrANAm sakalavidvajjanasabhAzobhitagAtrANAM, gauDavAditamaH sUrya, kaliMgavAdijaladarAdAgaMti, karNATavAyiDambanavIra gurjara bAdisindhukumbhodabhava, mAlavavAdimastakazUla, jitAnekAkhavaMgarvatrATana bajradharANAM, jJAnasakalasvasamayaparasamaya-zAstrArthAnAM, aNgiikRtmhaavtaanaam|" (94) digamparatva aura digambara muni

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racanA kI thii| isa graMtha kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki "vAsanagara meM zAMti nAmaka rAjA kA rAjya thaa| vaha nagara dhanadhAnya se paripUrNa thaa| samyagdRSTi janoM se, muniyoM ke sapUha se aura jaina pandiroM se vibhUSita thaa| rAjA zAnti jinazAsanavatsala, vIra aura narapati saMpUjita thaa| zrI pAnandi jI ne apane guru va anya rUpa ina digambara muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vIranandi', balanandi, RSivijayaguru, mAghanandi, sakalacandra aura shriinndi| inhIM RSiyoM kI ziSya paramparA meM uparAnta vArAnagara meM nimnalikhita digambarAcAryoM kA astittva rahA thA - mAghacandra san 1083 brahmanandi san 1087 zivanandi san 1091 vizvacandra san 1098 harinandi siMhanandi) san 1 099 bhAvandi san 1103 devanandi vidyAcandra san 1993 sUracandra san 1119 mAghanandi san 1127 jJAnanandi san 1131 gaMgakItti san 1142 1. JAXX.353-354, 2. "sirinio guNasahio risivijaya guruti vikkhaao|" "taba saMjamasaMpaNNo bikkhAo maaghnndiguru|" "NavaNiyamasIlakalido guNavato sayalacanda guru|" "tasseva ya varasimso NimmalavaraNANacaraNa sNjutto|" sammAIsaNasuddhoM siriNagurutti bikkhaao| 156 / " "paMcAcAra samagago chajjIvadayAdharo vigdmoho| harisa-visAya-vihUNA NAmeNA ya cauraNaditi / / 159 / / " "sammata abhigadamaNau NANeNa taha daMsaNe caritte y| parataMtiNiyatramaNoM balaNaMdi gurutti bikkhaao||161 / / tavaNiyamajogajutto ujjutto NANadaMsaNa critte|| ArambhakaraNa rahiyo NAmaNe ya pa3 maaNdiiti||163 / / " "siri guruvijaya sayAse soUNaM AgamaM suprisuddh| "liNasAsapAtracchalo vIro-garavaha saMpUjio-vArANayarasta patu garotamokhani bhUpAlo sammadiSTijaNoye muNigaNaNivahehiM maMDiyaM rsme| ityAdi. -jambUdvIpa prajJapti, jaisA saM., bhAga 1, aMka 4, pR. 150 3. jaihi., pA. 6, akaMja-8, pR.31 va IA.XX.354. digambararAva aura digambara pani (95)

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ina digambarAcAryoM dvArA usa samaya madhyapradeza meM jaina dharma kA khUba pracAra huA thaa| vi. saM. 1025 meM allU rAjA nAmaka rAjA kI sabhA meM digambarAcArya kA vAda eka zvetAmbara AcArya se huA thaa| candela rAjya meM digambara muni candela rAjA madanantrarma deva ke samaya (1130-1165 I.) meM digambara dharma unnata rupa se rahA thaa| khajurAho ke ghaMTAI ke mandira vAle zilAlekha se usa samaya digambarAcArya nemicandra kA patA calatA hai|' digambara jaina dharma kA Adara thaa| bIjoliyA ke zrI pArzvanAtha jI ke mandira ko digambara muni pAnandi aura zubhacandra ke upadeza se pRthvIrAja ne morAkurI gA~va aura somezvara rAjA ne revANa nAmaka gA~va bheMTa kiye the| cittaur3a kA jainakati stambha vahA~ para digambara jaina dharma kI pradhAnatA kA dyotaka hai| samrATa kumArapAla ke samaya vahA~ pahAr3I para bahuta se digambara jaina (muni) digambara jainAcArya zrI dharmacandra jI kA sammAna aura vinaya mahArANA happIra kiyA karate the| jhAMsI jile kA devagar3ha nAmaka sthAna bhI madhyakAla meM digambara muniyoM kA kendra thaa| vahA~ pA~cavoM zatAbdi se terahavIM zatAbdi taka kA zilpa kArya digambara dharma kI pradhAnatA kA dyotaka hai| 1. ADJB.p.45. 2. viko,, pA. 7, pR. 112 / 3. viko., bhA. 5, pR. 680 / 4. ADJB.p.86. 5. upadezena graMtho'yaM guNakIrti mahAmaneH / ___ kAyastha pAnAbhena racitaH pUrva suutrtH| -yazodhara caritra 6. rAi thA. 1, pR. 3631 7. It (jaina kIrtistambha) belongs to the Digamber Jains: many of whon sccm to have been upon the Hill in Kumarpal's time." -mappAsmA, pR. 135 8. "zrI dharmacandro janitasyapaTTe hamIra bhUpAla smrthniiyH|| (96) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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gvAliyara meM kacchapaghATa (kachavAhe) aura par3ihAra rAjAoM ke samaya meM digambara jaina dharma unnata rahA thaa| gvAliyara kile ko nagna jaina mUrtiyA~ isa vyAkhyA kI sAkSI haiN| khArAnagara ke bAda digambara muniyoM kA kendra sthAna gvAliyara huA thA aura vahA~ ke digambara muniyoM meM saM. 1296 meM AcArya ratnakorti prasiddha the| vaha syAdvAda vidyA ke samudra, bAlabrahmacArI, tapasI aura dayAlu the| unake ziSya nAnA dezoM meM phaile huye the| madhyaprAnta ke prasiddha hindU zAsaka kalacUrI bhI digambara jaina dharma ke AzrayadAta the| baMgAla meM bhI digambara dharma isa samaya maujUda thA, yaha bAta jaina kathAoM se spaSTa hai| 'bhaktaparakathA' meM campApura kA rAjA karNa jainI likhA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmanagarI vizAlA kA rAjA lokapAla jainI thaa| paTanA kA rAjAdhAtrIvAhana zrI zivabhUSaNa nAmaka muni ke upadeza se jainI huA thaa| gaur3a deza kA rAjA prajApati bauddhadharmI thA, parantu 'jaina sAdhu matisAgara kI bAda zakti para mugdha hokara prajA sahita jainI huA thaa| isa samaya kA jo jaina zilpa baMgAla Adi prAntoM meM milatA hai, se ukta kathAoM kA samarthana hotA hai| usa Aja taka baMgAla meM prAcIna zrAvaka 'sarAka' logoM kA bar3I saMkhyA meM milanA vahA~ para eka samaya digambara jaina dharma kI pradhAnatA kA dyotaka hai| isa prakAra madhyakAla ke hindu rAjyoM meM prAyaH samagra uttara bhArata meM digambara muniyoM kA vihAra aura dharmapracAra hotA thaa| AThavIM zatAbdi ke uparAnta jaba dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara jainoM ke sAtha atyAcAra hone lagA, to unhoMne apanA kendrasthAna uttara bhArata kI ora bar3hAnA zuru kara diyA thaa| ujjaina, vArAnagara, gvAliyara Adi sthAnoM kA jaina kendra honA, isa hI bAta kA dyotaka hai| IsvIM 9-10 zatAbdi meM jaba araba kA sulemAna nAmaka yAtrI bhArata meM AyA to usane bhI yahA~ naMge sAdhuoM ko eka bar3I saMkhyA meM dekhA thaa| sArAMzataH madhyakAlIna hindU kAla meM digambara muniyoM kA bhArata 'bAhulya thaa| 3 meM 1. jaihi. bhA. 6, aMka 7-8, pR. 26 / 2. jaitra, pR. 240 - 243 / 3. "In India there are persons who in accordance with their profession. wander in the woods and mountains and rearely communicate with the rest of mankind.....Some of them go about naked." -Sulaiman of Arab, Elliot, l.p.6. digambarAtba aura digambara muni (97)

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[20] bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM / digambara muni "pANiH pAtraM pavitraM bhramaNaparigataM bhaikssmkssyyptr| vistIrNa vastramAzA sudazakapapalaM tlpysvlpmu:|| yeSAM niHsaGgatAkI karaNapariNatiH svaatmsntossitaaste| dhanyAH sanyastadainyavyatikaranikarAH karmani lynti||" vairAgyazataka' bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM digambara muniyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| isa sAhitya se hamArA matalaba usa sarvasAdhAraNopayogI saMskRta sAhitya se hai jo kisI khAsa sampradAya kA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| udAharaNataHkavivara bhartRhari ke zatakatraya ko liijiye| unake 'vairAgyazataka' meM uparyukta zloka dvArA digambara muni kI prazaMsA ina zabdoM meM kI gaI hai ki "jinakA hAtha hI pavitra bartana hai, mAMga kara lAI haI bhIkha hI jinakA bhojana hai, dazoM dizAyeM hI jinake vastra hai, sampUrNa pRthvI ho jinakI zayyA hai, ekAnta meM niHsaMga rahanA hI jo pasanda karate haiM, dInatA ko jinhoMne cher3a diyA hai tathA koM ko jinhoMne nimUla kara diyA hai aura jo apane meM ho saMtuSTa rahate haiM, una puruSoM ko dhanya hai| Age isI zataka meM kavivara digambara munivat caryA karane kI bhAvanA karate hai azImahi vayaM shikssaamaashvaasovsiimhi| zayomahi mahIpRSThe kurvImahi kimiishvraiH||9|| arthAt "aba hama zikSA hI karake bhojana kareMge, dizA ho ke vastra dhAraNa kareMge arthAt nagna raheMge aura bhUmi para hI zayana kreNge| phira bhalA hameM dhanavAnoM se kyA patalaba?" isa prakAra ke digambara muni ko kavi kSapAdi guNalIna abhaya prakaTa karate haiM 1. veje., pR.46| 2. veje., pR. 47 / (98) digamvaratva aura digAnA muni

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dhairya yasya pitA kSamA va jananI zAntizciraM gehinii| satya-mitramidaM tyA ca bhaginI bhAtApanaH sNymH|| zayyA bhUmitalaM dizo'pi vasane jJAnAmRtaM bhaaNjn| hyete yasya-kuTaMbino vada sakhkhe kasmAd bhayaM yoginH||18|| arthAta- "dhairya jisakA pitA hai, kSamA jisakI mAtA hai, zAnti jisakI strI hai, satya jisakA mitra hai, dayA jisako bahina hai, saMyama kiyA huA mana jisakA bhAI hai, bhUmi jisakI zayyA hai, dazoM dizAyeM hI jisake vastra hai aura jJAnAmRta ho jisakA bhojana hai- yaha saba jisake kuTumba hoM, bhalA usa yogI puruSa ko kisakA bhaya ho sakatA hai? 'vairAgyazataka' ke upayukta zloka spaSTatayA digambara muniyoM ko lakSya karake likhkhe gaye haiN| inameM varNita saba hI lakSaNa jaina muniyoM meM milate haiN| 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka meM kSapaNaka jIvasiddhi kA pArTa digambara muni kA dyotaka hai|' vahA~ jIvasiddhi ke makha se kahalAyA gayA hai "sAsaNayalihaMtANa paDivajaha mohavAhi vejjaannN| __ jemuttamAttaka pacchApatthappadisanti / / 18 / / 4 / / " arthAta- "moha rUpI roga ke ilAja karane vAle arhatoM ke zAsana ko svIkAra karo, jo muhUrta mAtra ke liye kaDUve hai, kintu pIche se pathya kA upadeza dete haiN|" isa nATaka ke pA~cave aMka meM jIvasiddhi kahatA hai ki "alahatANaM paNamAmi jedegaMbhIladAe buddhie| louta lehi loe siddhi pAmehi gcchndi||2||" bhAvArtha- "saMsAra meM jo buddhi ko gaMbhIratA se lokAtIta (alaukika) mArga se / - makti ko prApta hote haiM, una arhatoM ko maiM praNAma karatA haiN|" ___ "mudrArAkSasa' ke isa ullekha se nandakAla meM kSapaNaka-digambara muniyoM ke nirbAdha vihAra aura dharma pracAra kA samarthana hotA hai, jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cakA hai| ___ varAhamihira saMhitA' meM bhI digambara maniyoM kA ullekha hai| unheM vahA~ jina bhagavAna kA upAsaka batAyA gayA hai| rAhamihira ke isa ullekha se unake samaya meM digambara muniyoM kA astittva prapANita hotA hai| arhata bhagavAna kI pUrti ko bhI vaha nagna hI batAte haiN|"5 1. jai. pR.47| 2. HDW.p.10. 3. veje.,pR.40-41| 4. "zAkyAn sarvahitasya zAMti manaso nagnAna jinAnAM vid." / / 19 / / 61 / / 5. "AjAnu lambabAhuH zrIvatsAGka prazAntamUrtizca / digvAsAstaruNo rupavAMzca kAryos haMtA devH||45 / / 58 / / varAhamihira saMhitA digambaratva aura digambara muni (93)

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kavi daNDin (AThavIM za.) apane "dazakumAracarita" me digambara muni kA ullekha 'kSapaNaka' nAma se karate hai, jisase unake samaya meM nagna muniyoM kA honA pramANita hai|" ___ 'paMcatantra' (taMtra 4) kA nimna zloka usa kAla meM digambara muniyoM ke astittva kA dyotaka hai| "strImudrAM makaradhvajasya jayinI sarvArtha sampat krii| ye mUDhAH pravihAya yAnti kudhiyo mithyA phlaaNvessinnH|| te tenaiva nihatya nirdayataraM nagnIkRtA munndditaaH|| kecidrattapaTIkatAzca jaTilAH kaapaalikaashcaapre||" "paMcatantra ke aparIkSitakAraka paMcamataMtra kI kathA digambara muniyoM se sambandha rakhatI hai| usase pATaliputra (paTanA) meM digambara dharma ke astitva kA bodha hotA hai| kathA meM eka nAI ko kSapaNaka vihAra meM jAkara jinendra bhagavAna kI vaMdanA aura pradakSiNA dete likhA hai| usane digambara maniyoM ko apane yahA~ nimantrita kiyA, isa para unhoMne Apatti kI ki zrAvaka hokara yaha kyA kahate ho? brAhmaNoM kI taraha yA~ AmaMtraNa kaisA? digambara muni to AhAra-velA para ghUmate huye bhakta zrAvaka ke yahA~ zuddha bhojana milane para vidhipUrvaka grahaNa kara lete hai| isa ullekha se digambara muniyoM ke nimantraNa svIkAra na karane aura AhAra ke liye bhramaNa karane ke niyama kA samarthana hotA hai| isa taMtra meM bhI digambara puni ko ekAkI, gRhatyAgI, pANipAtra bhojI aura digambara kahA gayA hai| "prabodhacaMdrodaya" nATaka ke aMka 3 meM nimnalikhita vAkya digambara jaina muni ko tatkAlIna bAhulyatA ke bodhaka hai "sahi pekkha pekkha esau galatamala paMka picchilavIhacchadehacchatrIullaJci aciuro mukkavasaNavesaduddasaNoM sihisihidapicchaAhattho idojaiva pddivhdi|" bhavArtha- "he sarikha dekha dekha, vaha isa ora A rahA hai| usakA zarIra bhayaMkara aura malAcchana hai| zira ke bAla luJcita kiye huye hai aura vaha naMgA hai| usake hAtha meM porapicchikA hai aura vaha dekhane meM amanojJa hai| 1. bIra, varSa 2,pR.317| 2. paMta. nirNayasAgara presa saM. 1902, pR. 194 va JG.XIV, 124 3. 'kSapaNakavihAraM gatvA jinendrasya pradakSiNatrayaM vidhAya .... bhoH zrAvaka, gharmano'pi kimevaM vdsi| kiM vayaM brahmaNasamAnAH yatra AmantraNaM krossi| vayaM sadaiva tatkAla paricaryayAM pramanto bhaktipAjaM zrAvakamavalokya tasya gRhe gacchAmaH / -paMta,pU.-2-6 tha JG.XIV. 126-130 4. 'emAkIgRhasaMtyaktaH pANipAtro digmbrH| (100) digambAtva aura digambara muni

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isa para usa sakhI ne kahA ki"AM jJAtasayA, mahApohapravartito'yaMdigambara siddhaaNtH|" (tataH pravizatiyathA nirdidaSTaH kSapaNakavezo digambara siddhAMtaH) bhAvArtha- maiM jAna gaI! yaha pAyAmoha dvArA pravartita digambara (jaina) siddhAnta hai|" (kSapaNaka veSa meM digambara muni ne vahAM praveza kiyaa|) nATaka ke ukta ullekha se isa bAta kA bhI samarthana hotA hai ki digambara muni striyoM ke sammukha gharoM meM bhI dharmopadeza ke liye pahu~ca jAte the| "golAdhyAya" nAmaka jyotiSa grantha meM digambara muniyoM kI do sUrya aura do candrAdi viSayaka mAnyatA kA ullekha karake usakA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| isa ullekha se 'golAdhyAya ke kartA ke samaya meM digambara muniyoM kA bAhulya pramANita hotA hai| 'golAdhyAyaM ke TIkAkAra lakSmIdAsa digambara sampradAya se bhAva "jainoM" kA prakaTa karate hai aura kahate hai ki "jainoM meM digambara pradhAna the|" saMskRta sAhitya ke upayukta ullekhoM se digambara maniyoM ke astitva aura unake nirbAdha bihAra aura dharma pracAra kA saparthana hotA hai| 1. prabodhacandrodaya nAraka, aMka-JG,XIV. PP.40-50 2. (Goladhyay 3. Verses B-10) The naked sectarians and the real affitto that two suns. two moons and two sets of slas appear alternalcly: against then allege this reasoning. I cw absurd is the nation which you have fornied or duplicate suns, moons and stars, when you see the revolution of the polar fish (Ursa Minor). 'Ihe commentator Lakshamidas agrce that the Jainas are here meant.... & remarks that they are described as naked soctrains' clc. because the class of Digambaras is a principal one among thesc pcople. -AR Vol.. IX. p.317 digamvaratva aura digambara muni {101)

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1 [21] dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara jaina muni "sarasA payasA riktenAti tucchajalena c| jinajanmAdikalyANa kSetre tIrthatvamAzrite / / 40 / / nAzameSyati saddharmo mAravIra madacchidaH / sthAsyatIha kvacitprAnte viSaye dakSiNAdike / / 41 / / " - zrI bhadrabAhucaritra digambara jaina dharma dakSiNa bhArata meM rahana nizcita hai bha digambara jainAcArya, rAjA candragupta ne jo svapna dekhA usakA phala batAte huye kaha gaye hai ki "jalarahita tathA kahIM thor3e jala bhare huye sarovara ke dekhane se yaha saca jAno ki jahA~ tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke kalyANAdi huye haiM aise tIrtha sthAnoM meM kAmadeva ke mada kA chedana karane vAlA uttama jina dharma nAza ko prApta hogA tathA kahIM dakSiNAdi deza meM kucha rahegA bhii| aura digambaracArya kI yaha bhaviSyavANI karIba-karIba ThIka hI utarI hai, jabaki uttara bhArata meM kabhI-kabhI digambara muniyoM kA abhAva bhI huA, tatra dakSiNa bhArata meM Aja taka barAbara digambara muni hote Aye haiM aura digambara jainoM ke zrI kundakundAdi bar3e-bar3e AcArya dakSiNa bhArata meM hI huye haiN| ataH dakSiNa bhArata ko digambara muniyoM kA gar3ha kahanA bejA nahIM hai| RSabhadeva aura dakSiNa bhArata acchA to yaha dekhiye ki dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara muniyoM kA sadbhAva kisa jamAne se huA hai ? jaina zAstra batalAte haiM ki isa kalpakAla meM karmabhUmi ko Adi meM zrI RSabhadeva jI ne sarvaprathama dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA thA aura unake putra bAhubali dakSiNa bhArata ke zAsanAdhikArI the| podanapura unakI rAjadhAnI thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI sarvaprathama vahA~ dharmopadeza dete huye pahuMce the|' vaha digambara muni the, yaha pahale hI likhA jA cukA hai| unake samaya meM hI bAhubali bhI rAja-pATa chor3akara digambara muni ho gaye the| ina digambara muni kI vizAlakAya nagna mUrtiyA~ dakSiNa bhArata meM aneka sthAnoM para Aja bhI maujUda haiN| zravaNabelagola meM sthita mUrti 57 phITa U~cI ati manojJa hai; jisake darzana karane deza-videza ke yAtrI Ate hai| kArakala - benUra Adi sthAnoM meM bhI aisI hI mUrtiyAM hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM bAhubali munirAja kI vizeSa mAnyatA hai| 1. bhadra, pR. 33 / 2. AdipurANa / (102) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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anya tIrthaMkaroM kA dakSiNa bhArata se sambandha RSabhadeva ke uparAnta anya tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM bhI digambara dharma kA pracAra dakSiNa bhArata meM rahA thaa| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha jI ke tIrtha meM huye rAjA karakaNDu ne Akara dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrthoM kI vandanA kI thii| malaya parvata para rAvaNa ke vaMzajoM dvArA sthApita tIrthaMkaroM kI vizAla mUrtiyoM kI bhI unhoMne vandanA kI thii| vahIM bAhubali kI aura zrI pArzvanAtha jI kI mUrtiyA~ thIM jinako rAmacandra jI ne laMkA se lAkara yahA~ sthApita kiyA thaa| antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI apane punIta caraNoM se dakSiNa bhArata ko pavitra kiyA thaa| malaya parvatavartI hemA~ga deza meM jaba vIra prabhu pahu~ce the to vahA~ kA jIvandhara nAmaka rAjA unake nikaTa digambara muni ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra atyanta prAcInakAla se digambara muniyoM kA sadbhAva dakSiNa bhArata meM hai| Y dakSiNa bhArata ke itihAsa ke kAla kintu Adhunika itihAsavettA dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa IsvI pUrva chaThI yA cauthI zatAbdi se Arambha karate haiM aura use nimna prakAra chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiM (1) prArambhika kAla - IsvI 5 vIM zatAbdi taka (2) pallavakAla - I. 5vIM se 9 vIM zatAbdi taka, (3) cola abhyudAya kAla - I. 9vIM 14vIM zatAbdi taka, (4) vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA utkarSa - 14vIM se 16 vIM zatAbdi taka, (5) musalamAna aura marahaTTA kAla- 16vIM se 18vIM zatAbdi taka, (6) briTiza kAla- 18vIM se 19 vIM zatAbdI I. tk| dakSiNa bhArata ke uttara sImAvartI pradeza ke itihAsa ke chaha bhAga isa prakAra haiM (1) Andhra kAla - I. 5 vIM zatAbdi taka, (2) prArambhika cAlukya kAla -- I. 5vIM se 7vIM zatAbdi aura rASTrakUTa 7vIM se 10 vIM zatAbdi taka, (3) antima cAlukya kAla - I.10 vIM se 14vIM zatAbdi taka, 1. jaizisaM, bhUmikA, pR. 17-32 // 2. karakaNDu carit saMdhi 5 / 3. jaizirsa, bhUmikA, pR. 26 / 4. bhamavu., pR. 96 / 5. SAI. p.31 digambatva aura digambara muni (103)

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(4) vijayanagara sAmrAjya (5) musalamAna - marahaTTA, (6) briTiza kAla / prArambhika kAla meM digambara muni acchA to uparyukta aitihAsika kAloM meM digambara jaina muniyoM ke astitva ko dakSiNa bhArata meM dekha lenA caahiye| dakSiNa bhArata ke "prArambhika kAla" meM cera, cola, pANDya - yaha tIna rAjavaMza pradhAna the| samrATa azoka ke zilAlekha meM bhI dakSiNa bhArata ke ina rAjavaMzoM kA ullekha milatA hai| " cera, cola aura pANDya yaha tInoM hI rASTra prArambha se jainadharmAnuyAyI the| jisa samaya karakaNDu rAjA siMhala dvIpa se lauTakara dakSiNa bhArata - dravir3a deza meM pahuMce to ina rAjAoM se unakI muThabher3a huI thii| kintu raNakSetra meM jaba unhoMne ina rAjAoM ke mukuToM meM jinendra bhagavAna kI mUrtiyA~ dekhI to unase sandhi kara lii| kaliMgacakravartI aila. khAravela jaina the| unakI sevA meM ina rAjAoM meM se pANDyarAja svarAja-bheMTa bhejI thii|' isase bhI ina rAjAoM kA jaina honA pramANita hai, kyoMki eka zrAvaka kA zrAvaka ke prati anurAga honA svAbhAvika hai aura jaba ye rAjA jaina the taba inakA digambara jaina muniyoM ko Azraya denA prAkRta Avazyaka hai| .5 pANDyarAja ugraperUvalUTI (128-140 I.) ke rAjadarabAra meM digambara jainAcArya zrI kundakunda viracita tamilagraMtha "kula" prakaTa kiyA gayA thA / jaina kathAgraMtha se usa samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM aneka digambara muniyoM kA honA prakaTa hai| 'karakaNDu carit' meM kaliMga, tera, dravir3a Adi dakSiNAvartI dezoM meM digambara muniyoM kA varNana milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIrane saMgha sahita ina dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thA, yaha Upara likhA jA cukA hai tathA maurya candragupta ke samaya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA saMgha sahita dakSiNa bhArata ko jAnA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM unase 1. S.A.l.p.33 2. trayodaza zilAlekhaM / 3. "Pandya Kingdom can boast of respectable antiquity. The prevailing religion in early times in their Kingdom was jain creed. - majesmA pR. 105 4. "tahi atthi vikitiya diNasarAu- saMcalliu tAkarakaNDu rAu / tAdiviDadesumahi alu bhamantu-saMpataU tarhi macharUvahantu / / tahiM cor3e cora paMDiya nivAI keNA vikhaNadvete milIyAhi / "karakaNDaeM dhariyAte siraso siramauDa mati varaNehiM taho / mauDa mahi dekhivi jiNapaNiva karakaNDavojAghaTha bahulu duhu || 10 || 5. JBORS, III. p. 446 6. marjasmA, pR. 105 // (104) - karakaNDucarit sandhi 8 digambaratva aura digambara muni

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pahale digambara jaina dharma vidyamAna thaa| jainagraMtha "rAjAvalI kathA" meM vahA~ digambara jaina mandiroM aura digambara puniyoM ke hone kA varNana milatA hai| bauddha graMtha 'paNimekhale meM bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM IsvI kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM digambara dharma aura muniyoM ke hone kA ullekha milatA hai| "zrutAvatAra kathA" se spaSTa hai ki IsvI kI pahalI zatAbdi meM pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata jainadharma ke kendra the| zrIdharasenAcArya jI kA saMgha giranAra parvata para usa samaya vidyamAna thA / unake pAsa Agama graMthoM ko avadhAraNa karaneke liye do tIkSNa buddhi ziSya dakSiNa mathurA se unake pAsa Aye the aura tadoparAnta unhoMne dakSiNa mathurA meM caturmAsa vyatIta kiyA thaa| isa ullekha se usa samaya dakSiNa madurA kA digambara muniyoM kA kendra honA siddha hai| - 'nAladiyAra' aura digambara muni tamila jaina kAvya "nAladiyAra", jo IsvI pAMcavIM zatAbdi kI racanA hai, isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki pANDyarAja kA deza prAcInakAla meM digambara muniyoMkA Azraya sthAna thaa| svayaM pANDyarAja digambara muniyoM ke bhakta the| "nAladiyAra" kI utpatti ke sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra uttara bhArata meM durbhikSa pdd'aa| usase bacane ke liye ATha hajAra digambara muniyoM kA saMgha pANDya deza meM jA rahA thA, pANDyarAja unakI vidvattA aura tapasyA ko dekhakara unakA bhakta bana gyaa| jaba acche dina Aye to isa saMgha ne uttara bhArata kI ora lauTa jAnA cAhA, kintu pANDyarAja unakI satsaMgati chor3ane ke liye taiyAra na the| Akhira usa muni saMgha kA pratyeka sAdhu eka-eka zloka apane-apane Asana para likhA chor3akara vihAra kara gye| jaba ye zloka ekatra kiye gaye to vaha saMgraha eka acchA khAsA kAvya graMtha bana gyaa| yahI 'nAladiyAra' thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki pANDya deza usa samaya digambara jaina dharma kA kendra thA aura pANDyarAja kalabhravaMza ke samrAT the| yaha kalabhravaMza uttara bhArata se dakSiNa meM pahuMcA thA aura isa vaMza ke rAjA digambara muniyoM ke bhakta aura rakSaka the| gaMga vaMza ke rAjA aura digambara munigaNa X IsvI dUsarI zatAbdI meM maisUra meM gaMgavaMzI kSatriya rAjA mAdhava koMguNivarmA rAjya kara rahe the| unake guru digambara jainAcArya siMhanandi the| gaMgavaMza kI sthApanA meM ukta 1. SS. pp. 32-33 2. zrutA, pR. 16-20 / 3. SSUJ.p.91 4. majesmA bhUmikA, pR. 8-11 5. rakSA paricaya pR. 195 disambara aura disambara muni (105)

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AcArya kA gaharA hAtha thaa| zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hai ki ikSvAku (sUryavaMza) ke rAjA dhanaJjaya kI santati meM eka gaMgadatta nAma kA rAjA prasiddha huA aura usI ke nAma se isa vaMza kA nAma 'gaMga' vaMza par3A thaa| isa gaMga vaMza meM eka padmanAbha nAmaka rAjA huA, jisanna hAr3A ujjaina ke rAjA hone ke saha dakSiNa bhArata kI ora calA gayA thaa| usake do putra dadiga aura mAdhava bhI usake sAtha gaye the| dakSiNa meM pekhUra nAmaka sthAna para una donoM bhAiyoM kI bheMTa kaNUvagaNa ke AcArya siMhanandi se huI, jinhoMne unheM nimna prakAra upadeza diyA thA "yadi tuma apanI pratijJA bhaMga karoge, yadi tuma jina zAsana se haToge, yadi tuma para - strI kA grahaNa karoge, yadi tuma madya va mA~sa khAoge, yadi tuma adharmo kA saMsarga karoge, yadi tuma AvazyakatA rakhane vAloM ko dAna na doge aura yadi tuma yuddha meM bhAga jAoge to tumhArA vaMza naSTa ho jAyegA / ' digambarAcArya ke isa sAhasa bar3hAne vAle upadeza ko dadiga aura mAdhava ne zirodhArya kiyA aura una AcArya ke sahayoga se vaha dakSiNa bhArata meM apanA rAjya sthApita karane meM saphala huye the| tadoparAnta isa vaMza ke sabhI rAjAoM ne jaina dharma kA prabhAva bar3hAne kA udyoga kiyA thA / digambara jainAcArya kI kRpA se rAjya pA lene kI yAdadAzta meM inhoMne apanI dhvajA meM "morapicchikA" kA cinha rakhA thA, jo digambara muniyoM ke upakaraNoM meM se eka hai| kAdamba rAjAgaNa digambara muniyoM ke rakSaka the gaMgavaMzI avinIta koguNI (san 425-478) ne putrATa 10000 meM jaina muniyoM ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| gaMgavaMzI durvanIti ke guru 'zabdAvatAra' ke kartA digambarAcArya zrI pUjyapAda the| mahArASTra aura koMkaNa dezoM kI ora usa samayakAdamba vaMza ke rAjA loga unnata ho rahe the| vaha vaMza (1) goA aura (2) banavAsI nAmaka do zAkhAoM meM baMTA huA thA aura isameM jaina dharma ko mAnyatA vizeSa thii| digambara guruoM kI vinaya kAdamba rAjA khUba karate the| eka vidvAn likhate haiM ki "Kadamba kings of the middle period Mrigesa to Harivarma were unable to resist the onset of Jainism: as they bad to bow to the "Supreme Achats and endow lavishly the Jain ascetic groups. Numerous sect of Jaina priests, such as the Yapiniyas the, Nirgranthas and the Kurchakas 1. pajaismA., 2. majesmA.. . pR. 149 / (106) pR. 146 - 147 / digambasatya aura digambara muni

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arc found living at Palasika. (IA, VII, 36-37) Again velpalas and Aharashti are also mentioned (bid.V1,31) Banavase and Palasika were thus crowded ccntrcs of powerful Jain monks. Four Jaina Miss named Jayadhavala, Vijaya Dhavala, Alidhavala and Mahadhavala writen byJains gutus. Virasena and Jinasena living at Banavase during the rule of the carly Kadambas were recently discovered." -QJMS, XXII,61-62 arthAta- "madhyakAla ke mRgeza se harivarmA eka kadamba vaMzI rAjAgaNa jaina dharma prAva se apane ko banna na sake 'mahAna aItadeva' ko namaskAra karate aura jaina sAdha saMghoM ko khUba dAna dete the| jaina sAdhuoM ke aneka saMgha jaise yApanIya' nigraMtha aura kUrcaka' kAdamboM kI rAjadhAnI pAlAzika meM raha rahe the| zvetapaTa aura aharASTi saMghoM ke vahA~ hone kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| isa taraha pAlAzika aura banavAsI sabala jaina sAdhuoM se veSTita mukhya jaina kendrthe| digambarajaina guru vIrasena aura jinasena ne jina jayadhavala, vijayadhavala, atidhabala aura mahAdhavala nAmaka granthoM kI racanA banavAsI meM rahakara prAraMbhika kadamba rAjAoM ke samaya meM kI thI, una cAroM graMthoM kI pratiyA~ hAla hI meM upalabdha huI hai|" pro. zeSAgiri rAu ina prAraMbhika kadamboM ko bhI jaina dharma kA bhakta prakaTa karate haiN| unake rAjya meM digambara jaina muniyoM ko dharma pracAra karane kI suvidhAyeM prApta thI isa prakAra kadambavaMzI rAjAoM dvArA digambara muniyoM kA samucita sammAna kiyA gayA thaa| pallava kAla meM digambara muni eka samaya pallava vaMza ke rAjA bhI jaina dharma ke rakSaka the| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM jaba hvenasAMga isa deza meM pahuMcA to usane dekhA ki yahA~ digambara jaina sAdhuoM (nigraMthoM) kI saMkhyA adhika hai| pallava vaMza ke zivaskaMdavarmA nAmaka rAjA ke guru digambarAcArya kundakunda the| tadoparAnta isa vaMza kA prasiddha rAjA mahendravarman pahale jaina thA aura digambara sAdhuoM kI vinaya karatA thaa| 1. yApanIya saMgha ke munigaNa digambara veSa meM rahate the, yadyapi ve strI-mukti Adi mAnate the| dekho drshnsaar| 2. nigraMtha digambara muni| 3. 'kUrcaka' kina jaina sAdhuoM kA dyotaka hai, yaha pragaTa nahIM hai| 4, shvetptt-shvetaambr| 5. aharASTi saMbhavataH digambara muniyoM kA dyotaka hai| zAyada ahanIka zabda se isakA nikAsa ho| 6. SSJ. PL.II.p.69 & 72 19. PS. list. Intro. p.XV 8. EH] p.495 digambarasva aura digambara muni (107)

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cola deza meM digambara muni cola deza meM bhI usa cInI yAtrI ne digambara dharma ko pracalita pAyA thaa| malakUTa (pANDya deza) meM bhI usane naMge jainiyoM ko bahusaMkhyA meM pAyA thA / 2 sAtavIM zatAbdi ke madhya bhAga meM pANDya deza kA rAjA kuNa yA sundara pANDya digambara muniyoM kA bhakta thaa| usake guru digambarAcArya zrI amalakIrti the aura usakA vivAha eka cola rAjakumArI ke sAtha huA thA, jo zaiva thii| usI ke saMsarga se sundara pANDya bhI zaiva ho gayA thaa|' * dasavIM zatAbdi taka prAyaH saba rAjA digambara jaina dharma ke AzrayadAtA the paca bAta to yaha hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara jaina dharma kI mAnyatA IsvI dasavIM zatAbdi taka khUba rahI thii| digambara munigaNa sarvatra vihAra karake dharma kA udyoga karate the| usI kA pariNAma hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM Aja bhI digambara muniyoM hai| mi. rAisa isa viSaya meM likhate hai ki kA sadbhA "For more than a thousand years after the beginning of the Christian era, Jainism was the religion professed by most of the rulers of the Kanarese people. The Ganga King of Talkad the Rashtrakuta and Kalachurya Kings of Manyakhel and the early Hoysalas were all Jains. The Brahmanical Kadamba and early Chalukya Kings were tolerant of Jainism. The Pandya Kings of Madura were Jaina, and Jainism was dominant in Gujarat and Kathiawar"," bhAvArtha - IsvI san ke prArambha hone se eka hajAra se jyAdA varSoM taka kanaDu deza ke adhikAMza rAjAoM kA mata jaina dharma thaa| talakAMDa ke gaMga rAjAgaNa, mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa aura kalAcUrya zAsaka aura prAraMbhika hoyasala nRpa saba hI jainI the| brAhmaNa mata ko mAnane vAla jo kadamba rAjA the unhoMne aura prAraMbha ke cAlukyoM ne jaina dharma ke prati udAratA kA paricaya diyA thaa| madurA ke pANDya rAjA jaina hI the aura gujarAta tathA kAThiyAvAr3a meM bhI jaina dharma pradhAna thaa| " 9. huA, pR. 570.1 2. hubhA., pR. 574 The nude Jainas were present in multitudes "EHI. p. 473 3. AD.JB. p. 46 4. EHl.p.475. 5. HKI.p.16. (108) digambarAtva aura digambara muni

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Andhra aura cAlukya kAla meM digambara muni AndhravaMzI rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ko Azraya diyA thA, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| cola aura cAlukya abhyudaya kAla meM digambara dharma pracalita rahA thaa| cAlukya rAjAoM meM pulakezI dvitIya, binayAditya, vikramAditya Adi ne digambara vidvAnoM kA sammAna kiyA thaa| vikramAditya ke samaya meM vijaya paMDita nAmaka digambara jaina vidvAna eka pratibhAzAlI vAdI the| isa rAjA ne eka jaina maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| cAlukyarAja govinda tRtIya ne digambara mani arkakIrti kA sammAna kiyA aura dAna diyA thaa| vaha mani jyotiSa vidyA meM nipuNa the| veMgirAja cAlukya vijayAditya ra ke guru digambarAcArya arhannandi the| ina AcArya kI ziSyA cAmekAmbA ke kahane para rAjA ne dAna diyA thaa| sArAMza yaha ki cAlukya rAjya meM digambara muniyoM aura vidvAnoM ne nirApada ho dharmoyota kiyA thaa| rASTrakUTa kAla meM digambara muni rASTrakUTa athavA rAThaura rAjavaMza jaina dharma kA mahAn AzrayadAtA thaa| isa vaMza ke kaI rAjAoM ne aNavatoM aura mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa kiyA thA, jisake kAraNa jaina dharma kI vizeSa prabhAvanA huI thii| rASTrakUTa rAjya meM anekAneka diggaja vidvAna digambara muni bihAra aura dharma pracAra karate the| unake svahu anUThe dhana Aja upalabdha haiN| zrI jinasenAcArya kA "harivaMza purANa", zrI guNabhadrAcArya kA "uttara purANa", zrI mahAvIrAcArya kA " paNitasAra saMgraha" Adi graMtha rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke samaya kI racanAyeM haiN| ina rAjAoM meM amoghavarSa prathama eka prasiddha rAjA thaa| usakI prazaMsA araba kelekhakoM ne kI hai aura use saMsAra ke zreSTha rAjAoM meM ginA hai| vaha digambara jainAcAryoM kA parama bhakta thaa| samrATa amoghavarSa digambara muni the usane svayaM rAja-pATa tyAga kara digambara mani kA vrata svIkAra kiyA thaa| usakA racA huA 'ratnamAlikA' eka prasiddha subhASita graMtha hai| usake guru digambarAcArya zrI jinasena the; jaise ki "uttara purANa" ke nimna zloka meM kahA gayA hai ki ve zrI jinasena ke caraNoM meM natamastaka hote the 1.SSIJ.pl. I.p,111. 2. ADIB.p.97 va viko., bhA.5.pU.76 / 3. ADJB.po8 4.SSIJ.pl.I.pp.111-112 5. ELLion,will pp.3-24- "The greatest king of India is the Balahara, wliose name imports King of Kings". Jisa Khurdabh, a 9 FT. bhAga 3,pR.13-15|| 6.ratnamalikA meM amoghavarSa ne isa bAta ko ina zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai "vivekAtyaktarAjyena rAjJeyaM ratnamAlikA racitA moghavarSaNa sudhiyoM sadalaG kRtiH||" digambaratva aura digambara muni (119)

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"yasyaprAMzunakhAMzujAla-visaraddhArAntarAvirbhava, tpAdAmbhojarajaH pishNgmukttprtyaartnduniH| saMsmartA svamamoghavarSanRpatiH pUto hamadyetyalaM, sa zrImAjhisenapUjyabhagavatpAdo jgnmNglm||* arthAt- "jina zrI jinasena ke dedIpyamAna nakhoM ke kiraNa samUha se phailatI huI dhArA bahatI thI aura unake bhItara jo unake caraNa kamala kI zobhA ko dhAraNa karate the unakI raja se jaba rAjA amoghavarSa ke mukuTa ke Upara lage hue ratnoM kI kAMti pIlI par3a jAtI thI taba vaha rAjA amoghavarSa Aphko pavitra mAnatA thA aura apanI usI avasthA kA sadA smaraNa kiyA karatA thA, aise zrImAn pUjyapAda bhagavAn zrI jinasenAcArya sadA saMsAra kA maMgala kreN| __ amoghavarSa ke rAjya kAla meM ekAnta pakSa kA nAza hokara syAdvAda mata kI vizeSa unati huI thii| isIliye digambarAcArya zrI mahAvIra "gaNitasArasaMgraha" meM unake rAjya ko vRddhi kI bhAvanA karate haiN|' kintu ina rAjA ke bAda rASTrakUTa rAjya ko zakti chinna-bhinna hone lagI thii| yaha bAta gaMgavAr3I ke jaina dharmAnuyAyI gaMgarAjA narasiMha ko sahana nahIM huii| unhoMne tatkAlIna rAThaura rAjA kI sahAyatA kI thI aura rAThaura rAjA indra caturtha ko punaH rAjya siMhAsana para baiThAyA thaa| rAjA indra digambara jaina dharma kA anyAyI thA aura usane sallekhanA vrata dhAraNa kiyA thaa|' gaMgarAjA aura senApati cAmuNDarAya isa samaya gaMgavADI ke gaMgarAjAoM ne jainotkarSa ke liye khAsa prayatna kiyA thaa| rAyapalla satyavAkya aura unake pUrvaja mArasiMha ke mantrI aura senApati digambara jaina dharmAnuyAyI vIrapArtaNDarAjA cAmuNDarAya the| isa rAjavaMza kI rAjakumArI panivavvene AryikA ke vrata dhAraNa kiye the| zrI ajitasenAcArya aura nemicandrAcArya ina rAjAoM ke guru the| cApuNDarAya jI ke kAraNa ina rAjAoM dvArA jaina dharma kI vizeSa unnati haI thii| digambara maniyoM kA sarvatra AnandapaI vihAra hotA thaa| kalacUri vaMza ke rAjA digambara muniyoM ke bar3e saMrakSaka the kintu gaMgoM kA sAhAyya pAkara bhI rASTrakUTa vaMza adhika Tika na sakA aura pazcimIya cAlukya pradhAnatA pA gye| kintu yaha bhI adhika samaya taka rAjya na kara ske| unako kalacUriyoM ne harA diyaa| kalacUrI vaMza ke rAjA jaina dharma ke parama bhakta the| inameM bijalarAjA prasiddha aura jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| isI rAjA ke samaya meM 1. "vidhvastaikAntapakSasya syaadvaadvnyaayvaadinH| devasya nRpatuGgasya varddhatAM tasya zAsanaM / / 6 / / " 2. SSI.I.Pt.L.p.112 3. majaismA , pR. 150 / 4. vIra,varSa 7, aMka 1-2 dekho| (110) digambAva aura digambara muni

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bAsavane "liMgAyata" mata sthApita kiyA thaa| kintu bijjala rAjA kI digambara jaina dharma ke prati aTUTa bhakti ke kAraNa vAsava apane mata kA bahupracAra karane meM saphala na ho sakA thaa| Akhira jaba bijjalAja kolhApura ke zilAhAra rAjA ke virUddha yuddha karane gaye the, taba isa vAsava ne dhokhe se unheM viSa dekara mAra DAlA thA aura taba kahIM liMgAyata mata kA pracAra ho sakA thaa| isa ghaTanA se spaSTa hai ki bijjala digambara muniyoM ke liye kaisA Azraya thaa| hoyasAlavaMzI rAjA aura digambara muni paisora ke hoyasAlavaMza ke rAjAgaNa bhI digambaramuniyoM ke AzrayadAtA the| isa vaMza kI sthApanA ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki sAla nAma kA eka vyakti eka maMdira meM eka jaina yati ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kara rahA thA, usa samaya eka zera ne una sAdhu para AkramaNa kiyaa| sAla ne zera ko mArakara unakI rakSA kI aura vaha 'hoyasAla' nAma se prasiddha huA thA / tadoparAnta unhIM jaina sAdhu kA AzIrvAda pAkara usane apane rAjya kI nIMva japAI thI, jo khUbaphalA-phUlA thaa| isa vaMza ke saba hI rAjAoM ne digambara muniyoM kA Adara kiyA se rAjada ke guru digambara sAdhu zrI zAntideva puni the| ina rAjAoM meM viTTideva athavA viSNuvarddhana rAjA prasiddha thaa| vaha bhI jaina dharma kA dRr3ha zraddhAnI thaa| usakI rAnI zAntaladevI prasiddha digambarAcArya zrI prabhAcandra kI ziSyArthI / kintu usako eka dUsarI rAnI vaiSNava dharma kI anuyAyI thii| eka roja rAjA isI rAnI ke sAtha rAjamahala ke jharokhe meM baiThA huA thA ki sar3aka para eka digambara muni dikhAI diye| rAnI ne rAjA ko bahakAne ke liye avasara acchA smjhaa| usane rAjA se kahA ki "yadi digambara sAdhu tumhAre guru haiM to bhalA unheM bulAkara apane hAtha se bhojana karA do|' rAjA digambara muniyoM ke dhArmika niyama ko bhUlakara kahane lage ki "yaha kauna bar3I bAta haiN"| apane hIna aMga kA use khayAla na rahA / digambara muni aMgahIna rogI Adi ke hAtha se bhojana grahaNa na kareMge, isakA usane dhyAna bhI na kiyA aura muni mahArAja ko par3agAha liyA / munirAja aMtarAya huA jAkara vApasa cale gye| rAjA isa para cir3ha gayA aura vaha vaiSNava dharma meM dIkSita ho gayA / kintu usake vaiSNava ho jAne para bhI digambara muniyoM kA bAhulya usa rAjya meM banA rhaa| usakI agramahaSI zAntaladevI aba bhI digambara muniyoM kI bhakta thI aura usake senApati tathA pradhAnamaMtrI gaMgarAja bhI digambara muniyoM ke parama sevaka the| unake saMsarga se viSNuvarddhana ne " 1. marjesmA., pU. 155 - 156 // 2. SSI.J. Pu.l.p. 115 3. jaismA, pR. 156 - 157 / 4. SSLIPt 1p.115 5. [hid.p.116 6. AR.Vol.IX,p,266 digambAtya aura digambara muni (111)

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antima samaya meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA sammAna kiyA Ara jaina maMdiroM ko dAna diyA thaa| unake uttarAdhikArI narasiMha prathama dvArA bhI digambara puniyoM kA sammAna huA thaa| narasiMha kA pradhAnamaMtrI hulla digambara muniyoM kA parama bhakta thaa| usa samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM cAmuNDarAya, gaMgarAja aura hulla digambara dharma ke mahAn prabhAvaka aura staMbha samajhe jAte the|' ballAlarAya hoyasAla ke guru zrI vAsapUjya vratI the| rAjA panisa hoyasAla ke garu ajita mani the| vijayanagara sAmrAjya meM digambara muni vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA Arya-sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI rakSA ke liye huI thii| vaha hindU saMgaThana kA eka Adarza thaa| zaiva, vaiSNava, jaina-saba hI kaMdhe se kaMdhA juTAkara dharma aura deza rakSA ke kArya meM lage hue the| svayaM vijayanagara samrAToM meM harihara dvitIya aura rAjakumAra uga digambara jaina dharma meM dIkSita hokara digambara muniyoM ke mahAna AzrayadAtA huye the " digambara muni zrI dharmabhUSaNa jI rAjA devarAya ke guru the tathA AcArya vidyAnandi ne devarAja aura kRSNarAya nAmaka rAjAoM ke darabAra meM vAda kiyA thA tathA dilaMgI aura kAralla meM digambA bhI kI gyA kI thii| muslima kAla meM digambara muni ___muslima kAla meM deza asita aura duHkhita ho rahA thaa| Arya dharmasaMkaTAkula thaa| kintu usa para bhI hama dekhate hai ki prasiddha pusalamAna zAsaka haidara alI ne zravaNabelagola kI nagna devamUrti zrI gomaTTarudeva ke liye kaI gA~voM ko jAgIra bheMTa kI thii| usa samaya zravaNabelagola ke jaina paTha meM jaina sAdhu vidyAdhyayana karAte the| digambarAcArya vizAlakIrti ne sikandara aura vIrU pakSarAya ke sApane vAda kiyA thaa|8 maisora ke rAjA aura digambara muni maisora ke or3ayaravaMzI rAjAoM ne digambara jaina dharma ko vizeSa Azraya diyA thA aura vartamAna zAsaka bhI jaina dharma para sadaya hai| satrahavIM zatAbdi meM bhaTTAkalaMka deva nAmaka digambarAcArya havallI jaina maTha ke garu ke ziSya aura mahAvAdI the| unhoMne sarvasAdhAraNa meM vAda karake jaina dharma kI rakSA kI thii| vaha saMskRta aura kannar3a ke 1. majaismA., prastAvanA, pR.13 / 2. ]hid. 3. majesmA..pU. 162 / 4. ADIB.P.31 5. SSIJ.Pl.p118. 6. majaismA.,pR. 163 7. AR.VOL.IX.267& SI.S.P.I.p.117. 8, majaismA ., pR.163| (112) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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2 vidvAn tathA chaha bhASAoM ke jJAtA the| jaina rAnI bhairavadevI ne maNipura kA nAma 1 badalakara inakI smRti meM 'bhaTTAkalaMkapura' rakhA thA vahIM Ajakala kA bhaTakala hai| zrI kRSNarAya aura acyutarAya rAjA ke sammukha zrI digambara muni nemicandra ne bAda kiyA thaa| paNDAIveDU rAjA aura digambara muni puNDI (uttara arkATa) ke tIsare RSabhadeva maMdira ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki paNDAIveDU rAjA kI lar3akI ko bhUtabAdhA satAtI thii| usI samaya kucha zikAriyoM ke pAsa eka digambara muni ne zrI RSabhadeva kI mUrti dekhii| puni jI ne vaha mUrti unase le lii| inhIM zikAriyoM ne rAjA se muni jI kI prazaMsA kii| usa para rAjA ne muni jI kI vandanA ko aura unase bhUtabAdhA dUra karane kA anurodha kiyaa| muni jI ne lar3akI kI bhUtabAdhA dUra kara dii| rAjA bahuta prasanna huA aura usane ukta maMdira bnvaayaa| do sau varSa pahale digambara muni dakSiNa bhArata meM dausau varSa pahale kaI eka digambara muniyoM kA sadbhAva thaa| unameM mantraragur3I ke parNakuTivAsI RSi prasiddha haiN| unhoMne kaI mUrtiyoM aura maMdiroM kI pratiSThA karAI thii|" unake atirikta saMdhi mahAmuni aura paNDita mahAmuni bhI ddha haiN| unhoMne grAma meM vahAM ke prAhmaNoM ke sAtha bAda kiyA thA aura jaina dharma kA DaMkA bajAyA thaa| taba se vahA~ para eka jaina dharma vidyApITha sthApita hai| sacamuca dakSiNa bhArata meM atyanta prAcInakAla se silasilevAra digambara muniyoM kA sadbhAva rahA hai| pro. e. ena. upAdhyAya isa viSaya meM likhate haiM ki dakSiNa bhArata meM niyamita rUpa meM digambara muni hote Aye haiN| pichale sau varSoM meM siddhayya Adi aneka digambara muni isa ora hI gujare haiM, kintu kheda hai, unakI jIvana sambandhI vArtA upalabdha nahIM hai| EUR mahArASTra deza ke digambara jaina muni - dakSiNa bhArata kI taraha hI mahArASTra deza bhI jaina dharma kA kendra thaa|" vahA~ aba taka digambara jainoM ko bAhulyatA hai| kolhApura, belagAma Adi sthAna jainoM ko mukhya astiyA~ thii| kahate haiM ki eka bAra kolhApura meM digambara muniyoM kA eka vRhat saMgha Akara ThaharA thaa| rAjA aura rAnI ne bhaktipUrvaka usakI bandanA kI thii| devayoga se saMgha jahA~ para ThaharA thA vahA~ Aga laga gii| munigaNa usameM bhasma ho gye| rAjA ko bar3A 1. HKI. p. 83 2. bRjeza. bhA. 1. pR. 10 / 3. pajesmA, , pR. 163 // 4. dijaiDA., pR. 8571 5. Ibid.p.864 dijaiDA, pR. 859 // 6. (113) 7. Jainism was specialty popular in the Southern Maratha country - IHI. p. 444 digambaratva aura digambara muni

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1 paritApa huaa| usane unake smAraka meM 108 digambara mandira bnvaaye| saMgha meM 108 hI digambara muni the|' isa ghaTanA se mahArASTra meM eka samaya digambara muniyoM kI bAhulyatA kA patA calatA hai| sacamuca mahArASTra ke raTTa, cAlukya zilAhAra Adi vaMza ke rAjA digambara jaina dharma ke poSaka the aura yahI kAraNa hai ki vahA~ digambara muniyoM kA bar3I saMkhyA meM vihAra huA thaa| aThArahavIM zatAbdi meM huye do digambara muniyoM kA patA calatA hai| eka marAThI kavi jinadAsa ke guru vidvAna digambarAcArya zrI ujjatakIrti the| dUsare mahatisAgara jI the| unhoMne svataH kSullakavat dIkSA lI thii| tadoparAnta devendrakIrti bhaTTAraka se vidhipUrvaka dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| banhADa deza meM unhoMne khUba dharma prabhAvanA kI thii| gUjaroM ko unhoMne jainI banAyA thaa| dahI gA~va unakA samAdhi sthAna hai, jahA~ sadA melA lagatA hai| unake race hue graMtha bhI milate haiN| (maui. pR. 65 - 72) zAke 1127 meM kolhApura ke ajarikA sthAna meM tribhuvanatilaka caityAlaya meM zrI vizAlakIrti AcArya ke ziSya zrI somadevAcArya ne graMtha racanA kI thii| dakSiNa bhArata ke prasiddha digambara jainAcArya digambara jainiyoM ke prAyaH saba hI diggaja vidvAn aura AcArya dakSiNa bhArata meM hI huye haiN| una sabakA saMkSipta varNana upasthita karanA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu unameM se prakhyAta digambarAcAryoM kA varNana yahA~ para de denA iSTa hai| aMga jJAna ke jJAtA digambarAcAryoM ke uparAnta jaina saMgha meM zrI kundakundAcArya kA nAma prasiddha hai| digambara jainoM meM unakI mAnyatA vizeSa hai| vaha mahAtapasvI aura bar3e jJAnI the| dakSiNa bhArata ke adhivAsI hone para bhI unhoMne girinAra parvata para jAkara zvetAmbaroM se vAda kiyA thA / tAmila sAhitya kA nItigraMtha kurrala unhIM kI racanA thii| una aura unhIM ke samAna anya digambarAcAryo ke viSaya meM pro. rAmAsvAmI aiyaMgara likhate haiM "First comes Yatindra Kunda, a great Jain/ Guru who in order to show that both within & without he could not be assisted by Rajas, moved about leaving a space of four inches between himself and the earth under his feet. Uma Swami, the compiler of Tautvartha Sutra, Griddhrapinchha, and his disciple. Balakapinchha folow. Then comes Samantabhadra, fever fortunate', 'whose discourse lights up the place of the three worlds filled with the all meaning Syadvada. This Samantabhadra was the first of a series of celebrated Digambara writers who acquired considerable 1. baMprAjaismA. pR.76 / pR. 765 / 2. dijaiDA ., 3.SS1Jpp. 40-44 & 89. (114) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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predominance, in the early Rashtrakula period. Jain tradition assings him Saka 60 or 138 A.D... He was a grcal Jaina missionary who tried to spread far and wide Jaina doctrines and morals and that he met with no opposition from other sects wherever he weot. Samantabhadra's appcarance in south India marks an epoch not only in the annals of Digambara tradition, but also in the history of Sanskrit literature.... After Samantabhadra a large pumber of Jaio Munis took up the work of Prosclytisin. The more important of them have contributed much for the uplilt of the Jain world in literature and secular affairs. There was, for example. Simhanandi, the Jain sage, who according to tradition founded the state of Gangavadi. Other names ac those of Pujyapada the author of the incomparable grammar, Jinendra Vyakarana and of Akalanka, who, in 788 A.D., is believed to have confutcid the Buddhists at the court of Himasitala in Kanchi, and thereby procured the expulsion of the Buddhists from South India." SSIJ. Pt.I.pp.29-31 bhAvArtha- "pahale hI pahAn jaina guru yatIndra kunda kA nAma milatA hai jo rAjAoM ke prati nispRhatA dikhAte huye adhara calate the| 'tatvArtha sUtra ke kartA umAsvAmI gRddhapiccha aura unake ziSya balAkapiccha unake bAda Ate hai| taba sapantabhadra kA nAma dRSTi meM par3atA hai jo sadA bhAgyavAna rahe aura jinakI syAdvAdavANI tIna loka ko prakAzamAna karatI thii| yaha samantabhadra prAraMbhika rASTrakUTa kAla ke aneka prasiddha digambara muniyoM meM sarvaprathama the| unakA samaya jaina matAnusAra san 138 I. hai| yaha mahAn jaina pracAraka the, jinhoMne cahuMora jaina siddhAnta aura zikSA kA pracAra kiyA aura unheM kahIM bhI kisI vidharmI saMpradAya ke virodha ko sahana na karanA pdd'aa| unakA prAdurbhAva dakSiNa bhArata ke digambara jaina itihAsa ke liye hI yuga pravartaka nahIM hai. balki usase saMskRta sAhitya meM eka mahAna parivartana huA thaa| samantabhadra ke bAda bahusaMkhyaka jaina sAdhuoM ne ajainoM ko jainI banAne kA kArya kiyA thaa| unameM se prasiddha jaina sAdhuoM ne saMsAra ko sAhitya aura rASTrIya apekSA utrata banAyA thaa| udAharaNataH jainAcArya siMhandi ne gaMgavADI kA rAjya sthApita karAyA thaa| anya AcAryoM meM pUjyapAda, jinakI racanA advitIya "jinendra vyAkaraNa" hai aura akalaMka deva haiM jinhoMne kAMcI ke himazItala rAjA ke daravAra meM bauddhoM ko vAda meM parAsta karake unheM dakSiNa bhArata se nikalavA diyA thaa|" digamtya aura digambara muni (115)

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zrI umAsvAmI- zrI kundakundAcArya ke uparAnta zrI upAsvAmI prasiddha AcArya the, pro.sA. kA yaha prakaTa karanA nissandeha ThIka hai| unakA samaya vi.saM.76 hai| gujarAta prAnta ke girinagara meM jaba yaha munirAja vihAra kara rahe the aura eka dvaipAyaka nAmaka zrAvaka ke ghara para usakI anupasthiti meM AhAra lene gaye the, taba vahA~ para eka azuddha sUtra dekhakara use zuddha kara Aye the| dvaipAyaka ne jaba ghara Akara yaha dekhA to usane umAsvAmI se "tatvArthasUrane kI prArthanA kI thii| tanusAra yaha pratha ravAnA thaa| upAsvApI dakSiNa bhArata ke nivAsI aura AcArya kundakuke ziSya the, aisA unake "gRddhapiccha' vizeSaNa se bodha hotA hai|' zrI samantabhadrAcArya- zrI samantabhadrAcArya digambara jainoM meM bar3e pratibhAzAlI naiyAyika aura vAdI the| punidazA meM unako bhasmaka roga ho gayA, jisake nivAraNa ke liye vaha kAJcIpura ke zivAlaya meM zaiva-sanyAsI ke veSa meM jA rahe the| vahIM 'svayaMbhU srota' racakara zivakoTi rAjA ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA thaa| pariNAmataH vaha digambara muni ho gayA thaa| samantabhadrAcArya ne sAre bhArata meM vihAra karake digambara jaina dharma kA DaMkA bajAyA thaa| unhoMne prAyazcitta lekara punaH muniveSa aura phira AcArya pada dhAraNa kiyA thaa| unakI graMtha racanAyeM jaina dharma ke lie bar3e pahalva ko zrI pUjyapAdAcArya- karnATaka deza ke kolaMgAla nAmaka gA~va meM eka brAhmaNa mAdhavabhaTTa vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdi meM rahatA thaa| unhIM ke bhAgyavAna putra zrI pUjyapAdAcArya the| unakA dIkSA nAya zrI devanda thaa| nAnA dezoM meM vihAra karake unhoMne dhapopadeza diyA thA, jisake prabhAva se saikar3oM prasiddha puruSa unake ziSya huye the| gaMgavaMzI duvinIta rAjA unakA mukhya ziSya thaa| "jainandra vyAkaraNa", "zabdAvatAra" Adi unakI zreSTha racanAyeM haiN| zrI vAdIbhasiMha- yativara zrI vAdIbhasiMha zrI puSpasena muni ke ziSya the| unakA gRhastha dazA kA nAma 'oDhyadeva' thA. jisase unakA dakSiNa dezavAsI honA spaSTa hai| unhoMne sAtavIM zatI meM "kSatracUr3AmaNi", "gacintAmaNi" Adi granthoM ko racanA kI thii| 1. majaii. pR.44| * 2. Ibid.p.45A. 3. Itbid.p.4th. 4. Tbid.p.47. (116) digambaratya aura digambara muni

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zrI nepiyandrAcArya- zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI nandisaMgha ke svAmI abhayanandi ke ziSya the| vi.saM.735 paMpiMDa dA ke dusanAra meM vaha rahate the| unhoMne jaina dharma kA vizeSa pracAra kiyA thA aura unake ziSya gaMgavaMza ke rAjA zrI rAyapalla aura senApati cAmuNDarAya Adi the| unakI racanAoM meM "gopaTTasAra" grantha pradhAna hai| zrI akalaMkAcArya- zrI akalaMkAcArya deva saMgha ke sAdhu the| bauddha maTha meM rahakara unhoMne vidyAdhyayana kiyA thaa| tadoparAnta bauddhoM se vAda karake unakA parAbhava aura jaina dharma kA utkarSa prakaTa kiyA thaa| kAMcI kA hipazItala rAjA unakA mukhya ziSya thaa| unake race huye graMtha meM rAjavArtika, aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcayAlaMkAra Adi mukhya haiN| zrI jinasenAcArya- rAjAoM se pUjita zrI vIrasena svAmI ke ziSya zrI jinasenAcArya samrAT amoghavarSa ke guru the| usa samaya unake dvArA jaina dharma kA utkarSa vizeSa huA thaa| vaha advitIya kavi the| unakA "pAzrvAbhyudayakAvya" kAlidAsa ke peghadUta kAvya kI samasyApUrti rUpa meM racA gayA thaa| unakI dUsarI racanA 'mahApurANa' bhI kAvya dRSTi se eka zreSTha graMtha hai| unake ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne isa purANa ke zeSAMza kI pUrti kI thii| zrI vidyAnandi AcArya- 'zrI vidyAnandi AcArya karNATaka dezavAsI aura gRhastha dazA meM eka vedAnuyAyo brAhmaNa the| 'devAgapa' strota ko sunakara vaha jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the| digambara muni hokara unhoMne rAja darabAroM meM pahuMcakara brAhmaNoM aura bauddhoM se vAda kiye the jinameM unheM vijayazrI prApta huI thii| aSTasahasrI, AptaparIkSA Adi graMtha unako divya racanAyeM hai| zrI vAdirAja- zrIvAdirAjasUri nandisaMgha ke AcArya the| unako 'SaTatarkaSaNmukha', 'syAdvAdavidyApati' aura 'jagadekamallavAdI upAdhiyA~ unake gaurava aura pratibhA kI sUcaka haiN| unako eka bAra kuSTa roga ho gayA thaa| kintu apane yoga bala se "ekIbhAva stotra" racate hue usa roga se vaha mukta hue the| yazodhara caritra, pAzrvanAtha caritra Adi graMtha bhI unhoMne race the|" " Apa cAlakyavaMzIya nareza jayasiMha kI sabhA ke prakhyAta vAdI the| ve svayaM siMhapura ke rAjA the| rAjya tyAgakara digambara muni hue the| unake dAdA guru zrIpAla bhI siMhaparAdhIza the| (jaimi.,varSa 33, aMka 5.,pR. 72) / 1. bid. p.47-48 2. Ibid. p.49 3. [bid. p. 50-51 4. Ibid.p.51-52 5. lbid. p. 53, digamvaratva aura digambara muni (117)

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isI prakAra zrI palliveNAcArya zrI somadevasUri Adi aneka labdhapratiSThita digambara jainAcArya dakSiNa bhArata meM ho gujare haiM, jinakA varNana anya graMthoM se dekhanA cAhie ina digambarAcAyoM ke viSaya meM ukta vidvAna Age likhate haiM ki "samagra dakSiNa bhArata vidvAna jaina sAdhuoM ke choTe-choTe samUhoM meM alaMkRta thA, jo dhIre-dhIre jaina dharma kA pracAra janatA kI vividha bhASAoM meM graMtha racakara kara rahe the kintu yaha samajhanA galata hai ki yaha sAdhugaNa laukika kAryoM se vimukha the| kisI hada taka yaha saca hai ki ve janatA se jyAdA milate-julate nahIM the| kintu I. pU. cauthI zatAbdi meM megasthanIja ke kathana se prakaTa hai ki "jaina zramaNa, jo jaMgaloM meM rahate the, unake pAsa apane rAjadUtoM ko bhejakara rAjA loga vastuoM ke kAraNa ke viSaya meM unakA abhiprAya jAnate the| jaina guruoM ne aise kaI rAjyoM kI sthApanA kI thI, jinhoMne kaI zatAbdiyoM se jaina dharma ko Azraya diyA thaa| "1 pro. DaoN. bI. zeSagirizava ne dakSiNa bhArata ke digambara muniyoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki "jaina munigaNa vidyA aura vijJAna ke jJAtA the, Ayurveda aura mantrazAstra ke bhI ve mahAn vidvAn the, jyotiSa jJAna unakA acchA khAsA thA, jaina mAnyatA meM aise saphala eka prAcIna AcArya kundakunda kahe gae haiM, jinhoMne belArI jile ke konakuNDala pradeza meM dhyAna aura tapasyA kI thI" isa prakAra dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara muniyoM ke astitva kA camatkArika varNana hai aura yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata eka atyanta prAcIna kAla se digambara muniyoM kA Azraya sthAna rahA hai tathA vaha Age bhI rahegA, isameM saMzaya nhiiN| R. "The whole of south India strewn with small groups of learned Jain aceties, who were slowly but urely spreaing their morils through the medium of their sacred literature composed in the various vernaculars of the country. But it is a mistake to suppose that these ascetics were in different towards secular affairs in general, To a certain extent it is True that they did not mingle with the world. But we know from the account of Megathenes that, so late a the 4th cetury BC.. "The Sarmanes or the Jain Sarmanes who lived in the woods were frequetly consulte by the kings through their messengers regarding the cause of things Jaina Gurus have been founers of States that for centuries together were tolerant towards the Jain faith " 2.SSI.Pt.11.pp. 9-10. (118) -SSU 1.10 digambaratva aura digambara puni

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[22] tamila sAhitya meM digambara muni "Among the systems controverled in the Manimekbalai, the Jain system also ligures as one and the words Samanas and Amana are of frequent occurrance; as also refrences to their Vibaras, So that from the earliest times reachable with our present mcans, Jainism apparently flourished in the Tamil Country." tamila sAhitya ke mukhya aura prAcIna lekhaka digambara jaina vidvAn rahe haiM aura usakA sarvaprAcIna vyAkaraNa-graMtha "tolkAppiyam" (Tolkappiyam) eka jainAcArya ko hI racanA hai| kintu hama yahA~ para tamila sAhitya ke jainoM dvArA race huye aMga ko nahIM chuyeNge| hameM to jainetara tamila sAhitya meM digambara muniyoM ke varNana ko prakaTa karanA ina hai| acchA to, tamila sAhitya kA sarvaprAcIna samaya "saMgama-kAla" arthAt IsvI pUrva dUsarI zAtAbdi se IsvI pA~cavIM zatAbdi taka kA samaya hai| isa kAla kI racanAoM meM bauddha vidvAn dvArA racita kAvya "paNimekhalai" prasiddha hai| "mANimekhalai' meM digambara maniyoM aura unake siddhAntoM tathA maThoM kA acchA khAsA varNana hai| jaina darzana ko isa kAvya meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- (1) AjIvika aura (2) nigraMthA AjIvika bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM eka svataMtra saMpradAya thA; kintu uparAnta kAla meM vaha digambara jaina saMpradAya meM samAviSTa ho gayA thaa| nigraMtha pradAya ko 'aruhana' (arhata) kA anuyAyI likhA hai, jo jainoM kA dyotaka hai| isa ke pAtroM meM seTha kovalana kI patnI kaNNaki ke pitA mAnAikana ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki "jaba usane apane dAmAda ke mAre jAne ke samAcAra sune to use atyanta duHkha aura kheda huA aura vaha jaina saMgha meM naMgA muni ho gyaa| isa kAvya se yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki cola aura pANDya rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ko apanAyA thaa| ___"maNimekhalai" ke varNana se prakaTa hai ki "nigraMthagaNa grAmoM ke bAhara zItala maThoM meM rahate the| ina paThoM kI dIvAreM bahuta u~cI aura lAla raMga se raMgI huI hotI thii| pratyeka maTha ke sAtha eka choTA sA bagIcA bhI hotA thaa| unake maMdira tirAhoM aura caurAhoM para 1. Se.. p. 32 bhAvArtha-tamila kAvya 'maNimekhale meM jaina saMpradAya aura zabda -"amaNa" tathA unake vihAroM kA ullekha vizeSa hai| jisase tamila deza meM atIva prAcInakAla se jaina dharma kA astitva siddha hai|" 2. SSIJ, pt.I..p. 89 3. BS.p. 15. 4. llid.p.681. 5. SSD.pl.l.p.47 digambAya aura digambara muni (119)

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avasthita the| jainoM ne apane pleTaphArma bhI banA rakhe the, jina para se nigraMthAcArya apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karate the| jaina sAdhuoM ke maThoM ke sAtha-sAtha jaina sAdhviyoM ke ArAma bhI hote the| jena sAdhviyoM kA prabhAva tamila mahilA samAja para vizeSa thaa| kAverIppUmapaTTinama jo cola rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thI, vahA~ aura kAverI taTa para sthita udaipura meM jainoM ke paTha the| madarA jaina dharma kA mukhya kendra thaa| seTha kovalana aura unakI patni kaNNaki jaba mathurA ko jA rahe the to rAste meM eka jaina AryikA ne unheM kisI jIva ko pIr3A na pahuMcAne ke liye sAvadhAna kiyA thA, kyoMki madarA meM nirgoM dvArA yaha eka mahAn pApa karAra diyA gayA thaa| yaha nigraMthagaNa tIna chatrayukta aura azoka vRkSa ke tale baiThAye gye| ye arhata bhagavAna kI daidIpyamAna mUrti kI vinaya karate the| yaha saba jana digambara the, yaha ukta kAvya ke vajana se spaSTa hai| puhara meM jaba indrotsava manAyA gayA taba vahA~ ke rAjA ne saba dharmoM ke AcAryoM ko vAda aura dharmopadeza karane ke liye bulAyA thaa| digambara muni isa avasara para bar3I saMkhyA meM pahuMce the aura unake dharmapadeza se anekAneka tamila strI-puruSa jaina dharma meM dIkSita huye the| __ "maNimekhale" kAvya meM usakI mukhya pAtrI maNimekhalA eka nigraMtha sAdhu se jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM jijJAsA karatI bhI batAI gaI hai| tathA isa kAvya ke anya varNana se spaSTa hai ki IsvI kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM tamila deza meM digambara muniyoM kI eka bar3I saMkhyA maujUda thI aura tamila loga deza meM vizeSa mAnya tathA prabhAvazAlI the| zaiva aura vaiSNava sampradAyoM ke tamila sAhitya meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA varNana milatA hai| zaivoM ke 'periyapuSaNam' nAmaka graMtha meM pUrti nAyanAra ke varNana meM likhA hai ki kalabhrabaMza ke kSatrI jaise hI dakSiNa bhArata meM pahuMce vaise hI unhoMne digambara jaina dharma ko apanA liyaa| usa samaya digambara jainoM kI saMkhyA vahA~ atyadhika thI aura unake AcAryoM kA prabhAva kaloM para vizeSa thaa| isa kAraNa zaiva dharma unnata nahIM ho pAyA thaa| kinta kaloM ke bAda zaiva dharma ko unnati karane kA avasara milA thaa| usa samaya bauddha prAyaH niSprabha ho gaye the, kintu jaina aba bhI pradhAnatA liye haye the| 3. Ibrid.pp 47-48 "That these lains were the Digambaras is clearly seen from their description ..... The Jains took cvery advantaye of the opportunity and large was the number of those that embrace this Taith." 3. Manimekalai asked the Nirgrantha lo state who was his God what he was laught in his sacred books etc. 3. Tbid.p55. "I would appear from a general study of the litrature of the period that Buddhism had dcsclined as an active religion bul Jainism had still its stroughold. The chier opponents of these saints were the Samans or the Jains. -BS.p.689 (120) divaratva aura digambara muni

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zaivAcAryoM kA bAdazAlA meM mukAbalA lene ke lie digambarAcArya jaina zramaNa hI avazeSa the| zaivoM meM sambandara aura appara nAmaka AcArya jaina dharma ke kaTTara virodhI the| inake pracAra se sAmpradAyika vidveSa kI Aga tamila deza meM bhar3aka uThI thI.' jisake pariNAmasvarUpa uparAnta ke zaiva graMthoM meM aisA upadeza diyA huA milatA hai ki bauddhoM aura samaNoM (digambara maniyoM) ke na to darzana karo na unake dharmopadeza sano. balki ziva se yaha prArthanA kI gaI hai ki vaha zakti pradAna kareM jisase bauddhoM aura samaNoM (digambarA muniyoM) ke sira phor3a DAle jAyeM; jinake dhapaoNpadeza ko sunate-sunate una logoM ke kAna bhara gaye haiN| isa vidveSa kA bhI koI ThikAnA hai ! kintu isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya bhI digambara muniyoM kA prabhAva dakSiNa bhArata meM kAphI thaa| vaiSNava tamila sAhitya meM bhI digambara maniyoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| unake 'tevArAma Tevaram) nAmaka graMtha se IsavI sAtavI-AThavIM zatAbdi ke jainoM kA hAla mAlUma hotA hai| ukta graMtha se prakaTa hai ki "isa samaya bhI jainoM kA mukhya kendra madurA meM thaa| madarA ke cahU~ ora sthita anemale, pasumale Adi ATha parvatoM para digambara munigaNa rahate the aura ve hI jaina saMgha kA saMcAlana karate the| ve prAyaH janatA se alaga rahate the - usase atyadhika samparka nahIM rakhate the| striyoM se to ve bilkula dUra-dUra rahate the| nAsikA svara se ve prAkRta va anya maMtra bolate the| brAhmaNoM aura unake vedoM kA ve hamezA khulA virodha karate the| kar3I dhUpa meM ve eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para vedoM ke viruddha pracAra karate hue vicarate the| unake hAtha meM pIchacha, caTAI aura eka chatrI hotI thii| ina digambara maniyoM ko sambandara dveSavaza bandaroM kI upamA detA hai, kintu ve saiddhAntika vAda karane ke liye bar3e lAlAyita the aura unheM vipakSI ko parAsta karane meM Ananda AtA thaa| kezaloMca ye munigaNa karate the aura striyoM ke sammukha nagna upasthita hone meM unheM lajjA nahIM AtI thii| bhojana lene ke pahale ve apane zarIra ko zuddhi nahIM karate the (arthAta snAna nahIM karate the)1" maMtrazAstra ko ve khuba jAnate the aura usakI khUba tArIpha karate the| vijJAnasambandara aura appara ne jo upayukta pramANa digambara puniyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, yadyapi vaha dveSa ko liye huye hai, paraMtu to bhI usase usa kAla meM digambara muniyoM ke bAhulya rUpa meM sarvatra vihAra karane, bikaTa tapasvI aura utkaTa vAdI hone kA samarthana hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI 'nandayAla kaiphiyata' (Nandyala kaiphiyat) meM likhA haiM ki "jainamuni apane siroM para bAla nahIM rakhate the ki zAyada kahIM jUM na par3a jAya 1. SSIJ.I.pp. 60-66. 2. tirumale - Bs.p. 632. 3. SSIJ. Pt..L.pp, 6870 digambaratya aura digappara muni (121)

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aura ve hiMsA ke bhAgI hoN| jaba ve calate the to morapicchI se rAstA sApha kara lete the ki kahIM sUkSma jIvoM ko virAdhanA na ho jaay| ve digambara veSa dhAraNa kiye the, kyoMki unheM bhaya thA ki kahIM unake kapar3e aura zarIra ke saMsarga se sUkSma jIvoM ko pIr3A na phuNce| ye sUryAsta ke uparAnta bhojana nahIM karate the, kyoMki pavana ke sAtha ur3ate hue jIva-jantu kahIM unake bhojana meM gira kara para na jaaye| isa varNana se bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara muniyoM kA bAhulya aura nirbAdha dharma pracAra karanA pramANita hai| "siddhavattam kaiphiyata" (Siddhavattam Kaiphiyat ) se prakaTa hai' - ki varaMgala ke jaina rAjA udAra prakRti the| ve digambaroM ke sAtha-sAtha anya dharmo ko bhI Azraya dete the / "varaMgala kaiphiyata" se prakaTa hai ki vahA~ vRSabhAcArya nAmaka digambara muni vizeSa prabhAvazAlI the / dakSiNa bhArata ke grAmya- kathA - sAhitya meM eka kahAnI hai, usase prakaTa hai ki " varaMgala ke kAkatIyavaMzI eka rAjA ke pAsa aisI khar3AU~ thIM, jinako pahanakara vaha ur3a sakatA thA aura roja banArasa meM jAkara gaMgA snAna kara AtA thaa| kisI ko bhI isakA patA na calatA thaa| eka roja usakI rAnI ne dekhA ki rAjA nahIM hai| vaha jainadharmaparAyaNa thii| usane apane guruoM se rAjA ke saMbaMdha meM puuchaa| jaina guru jyotiSa ke vidvAn vizeSa the; unhoMne rAjA kA saba patA batA diyaa| rAjA jaba lauTA to rAnI ne usako batAyA ki vaha kahA~ gayA aura prArthanA kI ki vaha use bhI banArasa le jAyA kre| rAjA ne svIkAra kara liyaa| vaha rAnI bhI banArasa jAne lgii| eka roja mArga meM vaha mAsika dharma se ho gii| phalataH khar3aU kI vaha vizeSatA naSTa ho gii| rAjA ko usa para bar3A duHkha huA aura usane jainoM ko kaSTa denA prArambha kara diyaa| kahAnI se vidharmI rAjAoM ke rAjya meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA pratibhAzAlI honA prakaTa hai| isa arulanandi zaivAcArya kRta "zivajJAnasiddhiyAra" meM parapakSa saMpradAyoM meM digambara jainoM ke "zramaNarUpa" kA ullekha haiM tathA "hAlAsyamAhAtmya" meM madurA ke zaivoM aura digambara muniyoM ke vAda kA varNana milatA hai| " isa prakAra tamila sAhitya ke uparyukta varNana se bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara muniyoM kA pratibhAzAlI honA pramANita hai| ve vahA~ atyanta prAcIna kAla se dharma pracAra kara rahe the| 1. lbid. p. 17. 2. lbid, p.18 2. SSJJ. pt. II.pp. 27-28 4. SC.p. 243 5. IHQ Vol. IV.564 (122) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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104 2084 [23] bhAratIya purAtatva aura digambara muni 38 "Chalcolithic civilisation of the Indus Vallcy was something quito different from the Vedic civilisation." "On the eve of the Aryan immigration the Indus Valley was in possession of a civilized and warlike people." -R.R.Ramprasad Chand. _mohana-jodar3o kA purAtva aura digambaratva- bhAratIya purAtatva meM siMdhu deza ke mohana-jodar3o aura paMjAba ke har3appA nAmaka grAmoM se prApta purAtatva ati prAcIna haiN| vaha IsvI sana se tIna-cAra hajAra varSa pahale kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| jina vidvAnoM ne usakA adhyayana kiyA hai, vaha isa pariNAma para pahaMce haiM ki sindhu deza meM usa samaya eka atIva sabhya aura kSatriya prakRti ke manuSya rahate the, jinakA dharma aura sabhyatA vaidika dharma aura sabhyatA se nitAnta bhinna thii| eka vidvAna ne unheM "drAtya" siddha kiyA hai, aura manu ke anusAra "vAtya" vaha veda-virodhI saMpradAya thA "jisake loga dijoM dvArA unako sajAtIya patniyoM se utpanna hae the, kintu jo (vaidika) dhArmika niyamoM kA pAlana na kara sakane ke kAraNa sAvitri se pRthaka kara diye gaye the|" (man 10 / 12) yaha mukhyataH kSatrI the| manu eka vrAtya kSatrI se hI jhalla, malla, licchavi, nAta, karaNa, khasa aura drAvir3a vaMzoM kI utpatti batalAte haiN| (mana 10 / 20) yaha pahale bhI likhA jA cukA hai| sindhu deza ke upayukta manuSya isI prakAra ke kSatrI the aura ve dhyAna tathA yoga kA svayaM abhyAsa karate the aura yogiyoM ko mUrtiyoM kI pUjA karate the| mohana-jodar3o se jo katipaya mUrtiyA~ pilI hai unakI dRSTi jaina mUrtiyoM ke sadRza 'nAsAgradRSTi' hai| kiMtu aisI jaina mUrtiyA~ prAyaH IsvI pahalI zatAbdi taka ko hI milatI vidvAna prakaTa karate haiM, yadyapi jainoM kI pAnyatA ke anusAra unake maMdiroM meM bahuprAcIna kAla kI mUrtiyA~ maujUda hai| usa para, hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha se kumArI parvata para nandakAlaM kI mUrtiyA~ kA honA pramANita hai tathA mathurA ke 'devoM dvArA nirmita jainastUpa se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM bhI dhyAnadRSTimaya mUrtiyoM kA honA siddha hai| isake atirikta prAcIna jaina sAhitya 1. SPCIV. p.I..25 2. Ibid.pp.25-34 3. [bid.pp.25-26. 4. JBORS. 5. vIra, varSa 4. pa. 299 / digamvaratva aura digambA muni (123)

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tathA bauddhoM ke ullekha se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pahale ke jainoM meM bho dhyAna aura yogAbhyAsa ke niyamoM kA honA pramANita hai| 'saMyuktanikAya' meM jainoM ke avitarka aura avicAra zreNI ke dhyAna kA ullekha hai aura "dIrghanikAya" ke 'brahmajAlasutta se prakaTa hai ki gautama buddha se pahale aise sAdhu the jo dhyAna aura vicAra dvArA manuSya ke pUrva bhavoM ko batalAyA karate the| jaina zAstroM meM RSabhAdi pratyeka tIrthakara ke ziSya samudAya meM ThIka aise sAdhuoM kA varNana milatA hai, tathApi upaniSadoM meM jainoM ke 'zukladhyAna' kA ullekha milatA hai, yaha pahale hI likhA jA cukA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina sAdhu eka atIva prAcIna kAla se dhyAna aura yoga kA abhyAsa karate Aye haiM tathA jhalla, malla, licchavi, jJAta Adi prAtya kSatriya prAyaH jaina the| anyatra yaha siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki "vrAtya" kSatriya bahuta karake jaina the aura unameM ke jyeSTha vrAtya sivAya 'digambara muni ke aura koI na the| isa avasthA meM sindhu deza ke upayukta kAralavartI manuSyoM kA prAcIna jaina RSiyoM kA bhakta honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai| kintu mohana-jodar3o se jo mUrtiyA~ pilI haiM vaha vastrasaMyukta haiM aura unheM vidvAna loga 'pujArI (Priest) vrAtyoM kI pUrtiyA~ anumAna karate haiN| hamAre vicAra se ve hIna-vrAtya (aNuvratI zrAvakoM) kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| brAtya-sAdhu kI mUrti vaha ho nahIM sakatI, kyoMki use zAstroM meM nagna pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ jyeSTha vrAtya' kA eka vizeSaNa 'sapanicamedra' arthAt 'puruSaliMga se rahita diyA huA hai jo nagnatA kA dyotaka hai| hIna vrAtyoM kI pozAka ke varNana meM kahA gayA hai ki ve eka pagar3I (niyaMtraddha) eka lAla kapar3A aura cAMdI kA AbhUSaNa 'nizka nApaka pahanate the| ukta mUrti kI pozAka bhI isI DhaMga kI hai| mAthe para eka paTTa rUpa pagar3I, jisake bIca meM eka AbhUSaNa jar3A hai, vaha pahane huye prakaTa hai aura bagala se nikalA huA eka chIMTadAra kapar3A vaha or3he huye hai| isa avasthA meM ina mUrtiyoM ko hIna vrAtyoM kI mUrtiyA~ mAnanA hI ThIka hai aura isa taraha yaha siddha hai ki vrAtya kSatriya eka atIva prAcIna kAla meM avazya hI eka veda-virodhI saMpradAya thA, jisameM jyeSThavrAtya digambara muni ke anurUpa the| ataH prakArAntara se bhArata kA siMdhudezavartI sarvaprAcIna purAtatva bhI digambara muni aura unakI yogamudrA kA poSaka hai|" 1.PIS, V. 287. 2. mamabu.pU. 219-220 / 3. bhapA., prastAvanA pR. 44-45 / X. SPCIV Plate LFig.b. . 5. 'SPCIVep. 25-33 meM mohana jodar3o kI mUrtiyoM ko jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna aura unakA pUrvavartI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| (124) digambaratva aura digambara pani

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azoka ke zAsana lekha meM nirgratha siMdhu deza ke purAtatva ke uparAnta samrAT azoka dvArA nirmita purAtatva ho sarvaprAcIna hai| vaha purAtatva bhI digambara muniyoM ke astitva kA dyotaka hai| samrAT azoka ne apane eka zAsana lekha meM AjIvika sAdhuoM ke sAtha nigraMtha sAdhuoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| khaMDagiri - udayagiri ke purAtatva meM digambara muni- azoka ke pazcAt khaNDagiriM-udayagiri kA purAtattva digambara dharma kA poSaka hai| jaina samrAT khAravela ke hAthIguphA vAle zilAlekha meM digambara muniyoM ke "tApasa" (tapasvI) rUpa kA ullekha hai| unhoMne sAre bhArata ke digambara muniyoM kA sammelana kiyA thA, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| khAravela kI paTarAnI ne bhI digambara muniyoM-kaliMga zramaNoM ke liye guphA nirmita karAkara unakA ullekha apane zilAlekha meM nimna prakAra kiyA hai " arahantapasAdAyan kAhAmAnam samanAnaM lena karitam rAjJo lAlakahathausA hasapapotas dhutunAkaliMgacakravartinoM zrI khAravelasa agamahisinA kAritam / " bhAvArtha - "ahaMta ke prAsAda yA mandira rUpa yaha guphA kaliMga deza ke zramaNoM (digambara muniyoM) ke liye kaliMga cakravartI rAjA khAravela kI mukhya paTarAnI ne nirmita karAI, jo hathIsahasa ke pautra lAlakasa kI putrI thii| khaNDagiri kI 'tatva guphA' para jo lekha hai vaha bAlamuni kA likhA huA hai 'ananta guphA' meM lekha hai ki dohada ke digambara muniyoM- zramaNoM kI guphA ( dohada samanAnam lenm)|' isa prakAra khaNDagiri- udayagiri ke zilAlekhoM se IsvI pUrva dUsarI zatAbdi meM digambara muniyoM ke kalyANakArI astitva kA patA calatA hai| khaNDagiri - udayagiri para jo mUrtiyA~ haiM, ve prAcIna aura nagna haiM aura unase digambaratva tathA digambara muniyoM ke astitva kA poSaNa hotA hai| vaha aba bhI digambara muniyoM kA mAnya tIrtha hai| mathurA kA purAtatva aura digambara muni- mathurA kA purAtatva IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdi taka kA hai aura usase bhI digambara muniyoM kA janatA meM bahumAnya aura 1. stambha lekha naM. 19 2. savadisAne tApasAna, paMkti 15, JBORS 3. baeNbio jaismA, pR. 91 / Y. Ibid.p. 94 5. lbid.p. 97. jaisibhA, varSa 6. digambaratva aura digambara muni 1, kiraNa 4, pR. 123 / (125)

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kalyANakArI honA prakaTa hai| vahA~ kI prAyaH saba hI prAcIna mUrtiyAM nAna-digambara haiN| eka stUpa ke citra meM jaina muni nagna, picchI va kamaNDala liye dikhAye gaye haiN| una para ke lekha digambara muniyoM ke dyotaka haiM; yathA-- "namo arhato vardhamAnasa ArAye gaNikAyaM loNa zobhikAye dhitu samaNa sAvikAye nAdAye gaNikAye vasu (ye) Arhato devikula AyAga-sabhA prayAzila (T) paTo patisThApito nigandhAnam arhatA yatanesahApAtare bhaginiye dhitare putreNa sarvena ca parijanena ahaMta pujaay| arthAt - "arhat varddhamAn ko nmskaar| zramaNoM ko zrAvikA ArAyagaNikA loNazobhikA kI putrI nAdAya gaNikA vasu ne apanI pAtA, putrI, putra aura apane sarva kuTumba sahita arhat kA eka pandira eka AyAga-sabhA, tAla aura eka zilA nigretha arhatoM ke pavitra sthAna para bnvaaye|' __isameM dAnazIlA zrAvikAoM-zramaNoM-digambara muniyoM kA bhakta tathA nigraMtha digambara muniyoM ke lie eka zilA banAyA jAnA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| eka AyAgapaTa para ke lekha meM bhI 'zramaNa-digambara muniyoM kA ullekha hai| pleTa naM. 28 ke lekha meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai tathA eka digambara mUrti para nimna prakAra lekha ....."saM. 15, gri 3, di 1 asyA pUrvAya..... hikA to Arya jayabhUtisya ziSIninaM arya sanAbhika ziSIna Arya vasulaye (nirvata) naM. ......... lasya dhItu.....3..... dhuveNi zreSTisya dharmapatniye bhaTTisenasya..... (mAtu) kumaramitayo danaM. bhagavato (pra) mA sabba to bhdrikaa|" ___ arthAt - "(siddha !) saM. 15 groSya ke tIsare mahIne meM pahale dina ko, bhagavat kI eka caturmukhI pratimA kumaramitA ke dAnarUpa, jola kI putrI, kI bahU, zreSTi veNi kI prathama patnI, bhaTTisena kI mAtA thI, pahika kala ke Arya jayabhati kI ziSyA arya saMgamikA kI prati ziSyA vasulA kI icchAnusAra (arpita huI thii)| " isameM digambara muni jayabhUti kA ullekha 'Arya vizeSaNa se huA hai| aise hI anya ullekhoM se vahA~ kA purAtatva tatkAlIna digambara muniyoM ke sammAnanIya vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai| ahicchatra (barelI) ke purAtatva meM digambara muni - ahicchatra (barelI) para eka samaya nAgavaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya thA aura ve digambara jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| 1. holI daravAjA se milA AyAgapaTa-vIra, varSa 4, pR. 303 / 2. AryavatI AyAga paTTa, vIra, varSa 4.1.304 3. JOAM..plate No. 28 4. vIra, varSa4.pa. 310 / (126) digAmvaratva aura digambara muni

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vahA~ ke kaTArI kher3A kI khudAI meM DaoN. phuharara sA, ne eka samUcA sabhA pandira khudavA nikalavAyA thaa| yaha mandira IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdi kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai aura yaha zrI pAzrvanAtha jI kA mandira thaa| isameM se milI huI mUrtiyA~ san 96 se 152 taka kI haiM; jo ra / haiN| yahA~ eka IToM kA banA isamAcIna stU milA thA, jisake eka stambha para nimna prakAra lekha thA mahAcArya indranandi ziSya pArzvayatissa kottttaarii|" AcArya indranandi usa samaya ke prakhyAta digambara muni the|' kauzAmbI ke purAtatva meM digambara saMgha- kauzAmbI kA purAtatva bhI digambara muniyoM ke astitva kA poSaka hai| vahA~ se kuSANa kAla kA pathurA jaisA AyAgapaSTa milA hai| jise rAjA zivamitra ke rAjya meM Arya zivanandi kI ziSyA bar3I sthavirA baladAsA ke kahane se zivapAlita ne arhata kI pUjA ke liye sthApita kiyA thaa| isa ullekha se usa samaya kauzambI meM eka vRhat digambara jaina saMgha rahane kA patA calatA hai| kuhAUM kA guptakAlIna lekha digambara muniyoM kA dyotaka hai - kuhAUM (gorakhapura) se prApta purAtatva gupta kAla meM digambara dharma ko pradhAnatA kA dyotaka hai| vahA~ ke pASANa-stambha meM, nIce kI ora jaina tIrthakara aura sAdhuoM ko nagna mUrtiyAM haiM aura usa para nimnalikhita zilAlekha hai| ___"yasyopasthAnabhUmi patti-zata ziraH paat-vaataavdhuutaa| guptAnAM baMzajasya pravisRtayazasastasya srvottmddheH| rAjye zakroSamasya kSitipa-zata-pateH skandaguptasya shaanteH| varSe trizaMdazaikottaraka-zata-tame jyeSTha mAse prapanne khyAte'smin grAma-ratne kakubha iti janaissAdhu-saMsargapate putro yassomilasya pracura-guNa nidheTTisomo pahArthaH tatsUnU rudrasomaH pRthulapatiyazA vyAghraratyanya saMjJo madrastasyAtmajo-bhUdvija-guruyatiSu prAyazaH prItimAnyaH ityaadi|" __bhAva yahI hai ki saMvata 141 meM prasiddha tathA sAdhuoM ke saMsarga se pavitra kakubha grAma meM brAhmaNa-garu aura yatiyoM ko priya madra nApaka vipra rahate the, jinhoMne pA~ca arhat-bimba nirmita karAye the| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya kakubha grAma meM digambara maniyoM kA eka vRhat saMgha rahatA thaa| 1. saMprajaismA. pR. 81-82 (General Cunningham) found a number of fragmentary naked Jain slalucs. Some inscribcd wilh dales ranging from 96 to 152 A.D. 2. saMprAjesmA., pR. 27 3. pUrva., pR. 3-4 / digammaratva aura digambara muni (127)

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rAjagRha (bihAra) ke purAtattva meM digambara muniyoM kI sAkSI - rAjagRha (bihAra) kA purAtatva bhI guptakAla meM vahA~ digambara muniyoM ke bAhulya kA paricAyaka hai| vahA~ para gupta kAla kI nirmita aneka digambara jaina mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM aura nimna zilAlekha vahA~ para digambara jaina saMgha kA astitva pramANita karatA hai"nirvANalAbhAya tapasvi yogye zubheguhe'rhatpratibhA pratiSThe / - AcAryaratnam muni vairadevaH vimuktaye kAraya dIrghatejaH / " arthAt- "nirvANa kI prApti ke liye tapasviyoM ke yogya aura zrI ahaMta ko pratimA se pratiSThita zubhaguphA meM muni vairadeva ko mukti ke liye parama tejasvI AcArya pada rUpI ratna prApta huA yAni muni vairadeva ko muni saMgha ne AcArya sthApita kiyA / " isa zilAlekha ke nikaTa hI eka nagna jaina mUrti kA nimna bhAga ukerA huA hai jisase isakA sambandha digambara muniyoM se spaSTa hai| ' baMgAla ke purAtatva meM digambara muni- guptakAla aura usake bAda kaI zatAbdiyoM taka baMgAla, AsAma aura or3IsA prAntoM meM digambara jaina dharma bahupracalita thaa| nagna jaina mUrtiyA~ vahA~ ke kaI jiloM meM bikharI huI milatI hai| pahAr3apura (rAjazAhI) guptakAla meM eka jaira kendra thaa| vahA~ se prApta eka tAmralekha digambara muniyoM ke saMgha kA dyotaka hai| usameM aMkita hai ki "gupta saM. 159 (san 479 I.) meM eka brAhmaNa dampati ne nirgradha vihAra kI pUjA ke liye baTagohalI grAma bhUmi dAna dii| nirbaMdha saMgha AcArya guhanandi aura unake ziSyoM dvArA zAsita meM thaa| kAdamba rAjAoM ke tAmrapatroM meM digambara muni- devagiri ( dhAravAr3a ) se prApta kAdambavaMzI rAjAoM ke tAmrapatra IsvI pA~cavIM zatAbdi meM digambara muniyoM ke vaibhava ko prakaTa karate haiN| eka lekha meM haiM ki mahArAjA kAdamba zrI kRSNavarmA kerAjakumAra putra devavarmA ne jaina mandira ke liye yApanIya saMgha ke digambara muniyoM ko eka kheta dAna diyA thaa| dUsare lekha se prakaTa hai ki "kAkuSThavaMzI zrI zAntivarmA ke putra kAdamba mahArAja mRgezvaravarmA ne apane rAjya ke tIsare varSa meM paralUrA ke AcAryoM ko dAna diyA thaa|" tIsare lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki "isI mRgezvaravarmA ne jaina mandiroM 1. SPCIV. Plate 11 (b) 2. baMbiojaismA, pR. 16 3. IIQ. Vol. VII. p. 441. Y. Modern Review, August 1931, p. 150. 5. IA, VII 33-34. baMprAjespA., pR. 126 / (128) digambarasya aura digambara puli

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aura nigraMtha (digambara) tathA zvatepaTa (zvetAmbara) saMghoM ke sAdhuoM ke vyavahAra ke liye eka kAlavaMga nAmaka grAma arpaNa kiyA thaa| udayagiri (bhelasA/ vidizA) meM pAMcavIM zatAbdi kI banI huI guphAyeM haiM, jinameM jaina sAdhu dhyAna kiyA karate the| unameM lekha bhI haiN|' ajantA kI guphAoM meM digambara muniyoM kA astitva- ajantA (khAnadeza) kI prasiddha guphAoM ke purAtatva se IsvI sAtavIM zatAbdi meM digambara jaina muniyoM kA astitva pramANita hai| vahA~ kI guphA na. 13 meM digambara muniyoM kA saMgha citrita hai| naM. 33 kI guphA meM bhI digambara mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAdAmI kI guphA- bAdAmI (bAjIpurA) meM san 650 I. ko jaina guphA usa jamAne meM digambara muniyoM ke astitva kI ghotaka hai| usameM muniyoM ke dhyAna karane yogya sthAna haiM aura nagna mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| cAlukya rAjA vikramAditya ke lekha meM digambara muni- lakSmezvara (dhAravADa) kI saMkhavastI ke zilAlekha se pragaTa hai ki saMkhatIrtha kA udvAra pazcipIya cAlukyavaMzI rAjA vikramAditya dvitIya (zAkA 656) ne karAyA thA aura jinapUjA ke liye 'zrI devendra bhaTTAraka ke ziSya muni ekadeva ke ziSya jayadeva paMDita ko bhUmi dAna dI thii| isase vikramAditya kA digambara muniyoM kA bhakta honA prakaTa hai| vahIM ke eka anya lekha se mUlasaMgha ke zrI rAmacandrAcArya aura zrI vijaya deva paMDitAcArya kA patA calatA hai| sArAMzataH vahA~ usa samaya eka unnata digambara jaina saMgha vidyamAna thaa| elorA kI guphAoM meM digambara muni- IsvI AThavIM zatAbdi kI nirmita elorA kI jaina guphAyeM bhI usa samaya digambara maniyoM ke vihAra aura dharma pracAra ko prakaTa karatI haiN| vahAM kI indrasabhA nAmaka guphA meM jaina muniyoM ke dhyAna karane aura upadeza dene yogya kaI sthAna haiM aura unameM aneka nagna pUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| zrI bAhubali gomaTTasvAmI kI bhI khaDgAsana mUrti hai| "jagannAtha sabhA", "choTA kailAza" Adi guphAyeM bhI isI DhaMga kI haiM aura unase tatkAlIna digambaratva kI pradhAnatA kA paricaya milatA hai|" 1. maprAjesmA., pR. 70 / 2. baMprAjaismA.. 1.55-56 3. [bid.p. 103 4. lbid.pp. 124-125 5. fbid.pp. 163-171 digambaratva aura digambara muni (129)

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rATTarAjA Adi ke zilAlekhoM meM digambara muni- sauMdati (belagAma) ke purAtatva meM digambara muniyoM ko matiyoM aura unakA varNana milatA hai| vahA~ eka AThavIM zatAbdi kA zilAlekha hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki "maileya tIrtha kI kAreya zAkhA meM AcArya zrI mUla bhaTTAraka the, jinake ziSya vidvAn guNakorti the aura unake ziSya icchA ko jItane vAle zrImuni indI mAmI aura agara virAra / kA bar3A putra rAjA pRthvIvarmA thA, jisane eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thA aura usake liye bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa|" eka dUsare san 1981 ke lekha se vidita hai ki kundura jaina zAkhA ke guru ati prasiddha the, unako cauthe rATTarAjA zAMta ne 150 mattara bhUmi usa jaina mandira ke liye dI jo unhoMne sauMdatti meM banavAyA thA aura utanI hI bhUmi usa mandira ko unakI strI nijikavve ne dI thii| una digambarAcArya kA nAma zrI bAhubali jI thA aura ve vyAkaraNAcArya the| usa samaya zrI ravicandra svAmI, arhanandi, zubhacandra, bhaTTAraka deva, maunIdeva, prabhAcandradeva munigaNa vidyamAna the| rAjA katam kI strI padyalAdevI jaina dharma ke jJAna va zradvAna meM indrANI ke samAna thii| yaha digambara muniyoM kI bhakti meM dRr3ha thI cAlukya rAjA vikrama ke lekha meM digambara muniyoM kA ullekhaeka anya lekha vahIM para cAlukya rAjA vikrama ke 12 veM rAjya-varSa kA likhA huA hai, jisameM nimnalikhita digambarAcAryoM ke nAma diye hue haiM "balAtkAragaNa muni guNacanda, ziSya nayanaMdi, ziSya zrIdharAcArya, ziSya candrakIrti, ziSya zrIdharadeva, ziSya naimiyandra aura vAsupUjya vidhadeva, vAsupUjya ke laghu bhrAtA muni vidvAna malapAla the| vAsupUjya ke ziSya sarvottama sAdhu padmaprabha the| seriMgakA vaMza kA adhikArI guru vAsupUjya kA sevaka thaa|" isa prakAra uparyukta lekhoM se sauMdatti aura usake Asa-pAsa meM digambara muniyoM kA bAhulya aura unakA prabhAvazAlI tathA rAjamAnya honA prakaTa hai| rAThaura rAjAoM dvArA mAnya digambara maniyoM ke zilAlekhagovindarAya tRtIya rAThaura mAnyakheTa ke san 813 ke tAmrapatra se prakaTa hai ki gaMgavaMzI cAkirAja kI prArthanA para unhoMne vijayakIrti kulAcArya ke ziSya muni arka kIrti ko dAna diyA thaa| amoghavarSa prathama ne san 860 meM mAnyakheTa meM devendra muni ko bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| inase digambara muniyoM kA rAThaura rAjAoM dvArA mAnya honA pramANita hai| mUlaguMDa ke purAtatva meM digambara saMgha- mUlaguMDa (dhAravAr3a) ko 9 vI 10 vIM zatAbdi kA parAtatva bhI vahAM para digambara paniyoM ke prabhUtva kA ghotaka hai| vahA~ ke eka zilAlekha meM varNana hai ki "cIkAri. jisane jaina pandira banavAyA thA. usake putra nAgArya ke choTe bhrAtA AsArya ne dAna diyaa| yaha AsArya nIti aura dharma zAstra meM -- - -- ---- - - - - - - 1. baMprAjaismA., pR. 83-86 / 2. bhAprArA., 38-41 / (130) digammaratva aura digambara muni

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bar3A-vidvAna thaa| isane nagara ke vyApAriyoM ko sammati se 1000 pAna ke vRkSoM ke kheta ko senavaMza ke AcArya kanakasena kI sevA meM jaina mandira ke liye arpaNa kiyA thaa| kanakamenAcArya ke guru zrI vIra sena svAmI the, jo pUjyapAda kumAra senAcArya ke digambara maniyoM ke saMgha ke guru the| candranAtha mandira ke zilAlekha se mUlaguMDa ke rAjA madarasA kI strI bhAmatI ko mRtyu kA varNana prakaTa hai| ' garja yaha hai ki mUlaguMDa se digambara muniyoM ko eka samaya pradhAna pada milA huA thA-vahA~ kA zAsaka bhI unakA bhakta thaa| sandI ke zilAlekhoM meM gajAya digambara muni - sundI (dhAravAr3a) ke jaina mandira viSayaka zilAlekha (10 vIM za.) meM pazcimIya gaMgavaMzIya rAjakumAra buTuga kA varNana hai, jisane usa jaina mandira ke liye digambara guru ko dAna diyA thA jisako usakI strI divalambA ne sundI meM sthApita kiyA thaa| rAjA buTuga gaMgapaNDala para rAjya karatA thA aura zrI nAgadeva kA ziSya thaa| rAno divalambA digambara muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko parama bhakta thii| usane chaha AryikAoM ko samAdhimaraNa karAyA thaa| isase sundI meM digambara muniyoM kA rAjapAnya honA prakaTa hai| kumbhoja bAhubali pahAr3a (kolhApura) zrI digambara muni bAhubuli ke kAraNa prasiddha hai, jo vahA~ ho gaye haiM aura jinakI caraNa pAdukA vahA~ maujUda hai| kolhApura ke purAtattva meM digambara muni aura zilAhAra rAjA - kolhApura kA purAtatva digambara muniyoM ke utkarSa kA dyotaka hai| vahA~ ke iravina myUjiyama meM eka zilAlekha zAkA dasavIM zatAbdI kA hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki daNDanAyaka dAsImarasa ne rAjA jagadekapalla ke dUsare varSa ke rAjya meM eka grAma dharmArtha diyA thaa| usa samaya yApanIya saMgha putrAgavRkSamUlagaNa rAddhAntAdi ke jJAtA parama vidvAna puni kumAra kIrtideva virAjita the| tadoparAnta kolhApura ke zilAhAra vaMzI rAjA bhI digambara muniyoM ke parama bhakta the| vahA~ ke eka zilAlekha se prakaTa hai ki "zilAhAravaMzIya mahAmaNDalezvara vijayAditva ne mAgha sudI 15 zAkA 1065 ko eka kheta aura eka makAna zrI pArzvanAtha jI ke mandira meM aSTadravya pUjA ke liye diyaa| isa mandira ko pUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha ke adhipati zrI mAghanandi siddhAntadeva (digambarAcArya) ke ziSya sApanta kAmadeva ke adhInastha vAsudeva ne banavAyA thaa| dAna ke samaya rAjA ne zrI pAghanandi siddhAntadeva ke ziSya mANikyanandi paM. ke caraNa dhoye the| "bamanI grAma se prApta zAkA 1073 ke lekha se prakaTa hai ki "zilAhAra rAjA vijayAditya ne jaina mandira ke liye zrI 1.baMpAsmA , pR. 120-121 / 2. baMdhAjaismA,, pR. 127 / 3. baMprAjaismA,pR. 153 / 4. jainamitra, varSa 33. pR. 71 / digambAva aura digambara muni (131)

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kundakundAnvayI zrI kulacandra muni ke ziSya zrI mAghanaMdi siddhAntadeva ke ziSya zrI arhandi siddhAnta deva ke caraNa dhokara bhUmidAna kiyA use samaya digambara muniyoM kA prabhutva spaSTa hai| AraTAla zilAlekha meM cAlukyarAja pUjita digambara muni AraTAla (dhAravAr3a) se eka zilAlekha zAkA 1045 kA cAlukyarAja bhuvanekamalla ke rAjya kAlakA milatA hai| usameM eka jaina maMdira banane kA ullekha hai tathA digambara muni zrI kanakacandra jI ke viSaya meM nimna prakAra varNana haiM? - "svasti yama-niyama svAdhyAya dhyAna maunAnuSThAna samAdhizIla guNa saMpannarampa kanakacandra siddhAnta devaH / " isase usa samaya ke digambara muniyoM kI caritraniSThA kA patA calatA hai| gvAliyara aura dUbakuMDa ke purAtatva meM digambara puni - gvAliyara kA purAtatva IsvI gyArahavIM se solahavIM zatAbdi taka vahA~ para digambara muniyoM ke abhyudaya ko prakaTa karatA hai| gvAliyara kile meM isa kAla kI banI huI aneka digambara mUrtiyA~ haiN| jo bAbara ke vidhvaMsaka hAtha se baca gaI haiN| una para kaI lekha bhI haiM, jinameM digambara guruoM kA varNana milatA hai| gvAliyara ke dUbakuMDa nAmaka sthAna se milA huA eka zilAlekha san 1088 meM digambara muniyoM ke saMgha kA paricAyaka hai| yaha lekha mahArAja vikramasiMha kachavAhA kA likhAyA huA hai. jisane zrAvaka RSi ko zreSThI pada pradAna kiyA thA aura jo apane bhujavikrama ke liye prasiddha thaa| isa rAjA ne dUbakuMDa ke jaina maMdira ke liye dAna diyA thA aura digambara muniyoM kA sammAna kiyA thaa| ye digambara munigaNa zrI lATavAgaTagaNa ke the aura inake nAma kramazaH (1) devasena (2) kulabhUSaNa (3) zrI durlabhasena (4) zAMtisena aura (5) vijayakIrti the| inameM zrI devasenAcArya graMtha racanA ke liye prasiddha the aura zrI zAMtisena apanI vAdakalA se vipakSiyoM kA pada cUrNa karate the| - khajurAhA ke lekhoM meM digambara muni khajurAhA ke jaina maMdira meM eka zrI lekha saMvat 1011 kA hai| usase digambara muni zrI vAsavacandra ( mahArAja guru vAsavacandra) kA patA calatA hai| vaha dhAMgarAjA dvArA mAnya saradAra pAhila ke guru the| 1. prAsmA, pR. 153-1541 2. dijair3A, pU. 749 / 3. maprAjaismA., pR. 65-66 / 4. mAmA. 73-84 pU. - "zrI lATabAgaTagaNonnatarohaNAdri mANikyabhUtacaritaguru daivasena / siddhAMtodvividhopyavAdhitadhiyA yena pramANa dhvani / pratheSu prabhavaH zriyAmanagato hastastha muktopamaH / AsthAnAdhipatI budhAdaviguNe zrI bhojadeve nRpe sabhyeSvaMvarasena paNDita shirortnaadissudynmdaan| yonekAnzataso ajeSTa paTutAbhISTodyamo vAdinaH zAstrAMbhonadhipAragI bhavadantaH zrI zAMtiseno guruH / " pU. 117 / 5. . matra jaismA.. (132) digambarAtya aura digambara muni

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jhAlarApATana meM digambara muniyoM kI niSidhikAyeM jhAlarApATana zahara ke nikaTa eka pahAr3I para digambara muniyoM ke kaI samAdhi sthAna haiN| una para ke lekhoM se prakaTa hai ki saM. 1066 meM zrI nemidevAcArya aura zrI baladevAcArya ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| 1 alavara rAjya ke lekhoM meM digambara muni - alavara rAjya ke naugamA grAma meM sthita digambara jaina mandira meM zrI anantanAtha jo kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai, jisake Asana para likhA hai ki saM. 1975 meM AcArya vijayakIrti ke ziSya narendrakIrti ne usakI pratiSThA kI thii| - devagar3ha (jhAMsI) ke purAtatva meM digambara puni-devagar3ha (jhAMsI) kA purAtatva vahA~ terahavIM zatAbdi taka digambara muniyoM ke utkarSa kA dyotaka hai| nagna mUrtiyoM se sArA pahAr3a otaprota hai| una para ke lekhoM se prakaTa hai ki 11vIM zatAbdi meM vahA~ eka zubhadevanAtha nAmaka prasiddha muni the| saM. 1209 ke lekha meM digambara guruoM ko bhakta AryikA dharmazrI kA ullekha hai| saM. 1224 kA zilAlekha paNDita muni kA varNana karatA hai| saM. 1207 meM vahA~ AcArya jayakIrti prasiddha the| unake ziSyoM meM bhAvanandi muni tathA kaI AryikAyeM thiiN| dharmanandi, kamaladevAcArya, nAgasenAcArya vyAkhyAtA mAghanandi, lokanandi aura guNanandi nAmaka digambara muniyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| naM. 222 kI mUrti muni AryikA zrAvaka zrAvikA isa prakAra caturvidhasaMgha ke liye banI thii| garja yaha ki devagar3ha meM lagAtAra kaI zatAbdiyoM taka digambara muniyoM kA dauradaurA rahA thaa| bijauliyA (mevAr3a) meM digambara sAdhuoM kI mUrtiyA~- bijoliyA (pArzvanAtha - mevAr3a) kA purAtatva bhI vahA~ para digambara muniyoM ke utkarSa ko prakaTa karatA hai| vahA~ para kaI eka digambara puniyoM kI nagna pratimAyeM banI huI haiN| eka mAnastambha para tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha digambara punigaNa ke pratibimba va caraNacinha aMkita haiN| do munirAja zAstrasvAdhyAya karate prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| unake pAsa kamaMDala, picchI rakhe hue haiN| ve ajamera ke cauhAna rAjAoM dvArA mAnya the| zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hai ki vahA~ para zrI mUlasaMgha ke digambarAcArya zrI basantakIrtideva, vizAlakIrtideva, madanakIrtideva, dharmacandradeva, ratnakIrtideva, prabhAcandradeva, padmanandideva aura zubhacandradeva vidyamAna the|" inako cauhAna rAjA 1.[bid. p. 191. 2. [hid p. 195. 3. deje., pR. 13- 25 | 4. dijaiDA, pR. 501 / 5. mapra jaismA, pR. 113 | digambaratva aura digambara bhuni (133)

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pRthvIrAja aura somezvara ne jaina mandira ke liye grAma bheMTa kiye the|' sArAMzataH bijoliyA meM eka samaya digambara muni prabhAvazAlI ho gaye the| aMtarI kI gumakAoM meM vizAbara muji - aMjanerI aura aMkaI (nAsika jilA) ko jaina guphAyeM vahA~ para 12 vI 13 vIM zatAbdi meM digambara muniyoM ke astitva ko prakaTa karatI haiN| pAMDu lenA guphAoM kA purAtatva bhI isI bAta kA samarthaka hai| belagAma ke purAtatva aura rAjapAnya digambara muni - belagAma kA purAtatva vahA~ para 12vI 13vIM zatAbdi meM digambara muniyoM ke mahatva ko prakaTa karate haiM, jo rAja mAnya the| yahA~ ke rATTa rAjAoM ne jaina puniyoM kA sammAna kiyA thA, yaha unake lekhoM se prakaTa hai| san 1205 ke lekha meM varNana hai ki belagAma meM jaba rATTarAjA kIrtivarmA aura mallikArjuna rAjya kara rahe the taba zrI zubhacandra bhaTTAraka kI sevA meM rAjA bocA ke banAye gaye rASTroM ke jaina maMdira ke liye bhUmidAna kiyA gayA thaa| eka dUsarA lekha bhI inhIM rAjAoM dvArA zubhacandra jI ko anya bhUmi arpaNa kiye jAne kA ullekha karatA hai| isameM kArtavIrya kI rAnI kA nAma padmAvatI likhA hai| sacamuca usa samaya vahA~ para digambara muniyoM kA kAphI prabhutva thaa| belagAmAntargata konUra sthAna se bhI saTTarAjA kA eka zilAlekha zAkA 1009 kA milA hai, jisakA bhAva hai ki "cAlukyarAjA jayakarNa ke AdhIna rATTarAja maNDalezvara sena konUra Adi pradezoM para rAjya karatA thA, taba balAtkAragaNa ke vaMzadharoM ko ina nagaroM kA adhipati usane banA diyA thaa| yahA~ ke jaina mandiroM ko cAlukya rAjA kona va jayakarNa dvArA dAna diye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| * inase digambara muniyoM kA mahatva spaSTa hai| belagAma jile ke kalahole grAma meM eka prAcIna jaina mandira hai, jisameM eka zilAlekha rATTarAjA kArtavIrya caturtha aura pallikArjuna kA likhAyA huA maujUda hai| usameM zrI zAMtinAtha jI ke mandira ko bhUmidAna dene kA ullekha hai| mandira ke garu zrI mUlasaMgha kundakundAcArya kI zAkhA haNasAMgI vaMza ke the| isa vaMza ke tIna guru maladhArI 1. rAi., pR. 363 / 2. yaMprAjaismA., pR. 57-59 | 3, baMprAjesmA.., pR.74-75 | 4. Iljid, pp. 882-81. (134) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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the, jinake eka ziSya saiddhAntika nemicandra the| zrI nemicandra ke ziSya zubhacandra the, jinhoMne digambara dharma kI unnati kI thii| unake ziSya 'zrI lalitakIrti the| belagAma jile meM sthita rAyabAga grAma meM bhI eka jaina zilAlekha rATTarAjA kArtavIrya kA hai| usase vidita hai ki kArtavIrya ne bhagavAna rAmacandra jI ko zAkA 1124 meM rASTroM ke una jaina pandiroM ke liye dAna diyA thaa| isase candrikAdevI kA digambara muniyoM aura tIrthaMkaroM kA bhakta honA prakaTa hai| bIjApura klei kI garmiyoM digambara maniyoM kI dyotaka - bojApura ke kile kI digambara mUrtiyAM saM. 1001 meM zrI vijayasUrI dvArA pratiSThita haiN| unase prakaTa hai ki bIjApura meM usa samaya digambara muniyoM kI pradhAnatA thii| tevarI kI digambara mUrti - tevarI (jabalapura) ke tAlAba meM sthita digambara jaina mandira kI mUrti para bArahavIM zatAbdi kA lekha hai ki "mAnAditya kI strI roja napana karatI haiN| isase vahA~ para jaina muniyoM kA rAjamAnya honA prakaTa hai| dillI ke lekhoM meM digambara muni - dillI nayA mandira kaTaghara kI mUrtiyoM para ke lekha 15 vIM zatAbdi meM vahA~ digambara paniyoM kA astitva prakaTa karate haiN| zrI AdinAtha kI mUrti para lekha hai ki "saM.1428 jyeSTha sudI 12 somavAsare kASThAsaMghe mAthurAnvaye bha. zrIdevasenadevAstaspaTTe trayodazavidhacAritrenAlaMkRtAH sakala vipala munimaMDalI ziSyaH zikhApaNNayaH pratiSThAcAryavarya zrI vimalasena devAsteSAmupadezena jAisavAlAnvayeM sA, puipti| ityaadi|" inhIM muni vimalasena kI ziSyA AryikA puNazrI vimala zrI thI, yaha bAta usI mandira kI eka anya mUrti para ke lekha se prakaTa hai| lakhanaU ke mUrti-lekha meM nigraMthAcArya - lakhanaU cauka ke jaina mandira meM virAjamAna zrI AdinAtha kI mUrti para ke lekha se vidita hai ki saM. 1503 meM zrI bhagavAna sakalakIrti jI ke ziSya zrI nigraMthAcArya vimalakIrti the, jinakA upadeza aura bihAra cahuM ora hotA thaa| ____cAvalapaTTI (baMgAla) ke jaina pandira meM virAjamAna dazadharma yaMtralekha se prakaTa hai ki saM. 1586 meM AcArya zrI ratnakIrti ke ziSya muni lalitakIrti vidyamAna the jinakI bhakti bhramarIbAI karatI thii| 1. pp. 82-83. 2. Ibid. p.87. 3. Ibid. p. 108. 4. dijaiDA, pR. 287 / 5. jaiprayaleM saM., pR. 25 / digambaratva aura digambara muni (135) :

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kalakattA kI pUrtiyoM aura digambara muni - yahIM ke eka anya samyaka jJAna yaMtra ke lekha se vidita hotA hai ki saM. 1634 meM bihAra meM bhagavAna dharmacandra jo ke ziSya mani zrI bAhandi kA bihAra aura dharmapracAra hotA thaa|' . eTA, iTAvA aura mainapurI ke purAtatva meM digambara muni- kurAvalI (mainapurI) ke jaina mandira meM virAjamAna samyagdarzana yaMtra para ke lekha se prakaTa hai ki saM. 1578 meM muni vizAlakIrti vidyamAna the| unakA vihAra saMyukta prAnta meM hotA thaa|' alIgaMja (eTA) ke lekhoM se muni mAdhanaMdi aura mani dharmacandra jI kA patA calatA hai|' iTAvA naziyA~jI para katipaya jaina stUpa haiM aura una para ke lekha se yahA~ aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM pani vijayasAgara jI kA honA pramANita hotA hai| udhara paTanA ke zrI harakacaMda vAle jaina mandira meM saM. 1964 kI banI huI digambara muni kI kASThamUrti vidyamAna hai|5|| sArAMzataH uttara bhArata aura mahArASTra meM prAcInakAla se barAvara digambara muni hote Aye haiM, yaha bAta ukta purAtatva viSayaka sAkSI se pramANita hai| aba yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki aura bhI anaginata zilAlekhAdi kA ullekha karake isa vyAkhyA ko puSTa kiyA jaay| yadi saba hI jaina zilAlekha yahA~ likhe jAyeM to isa graMtha kA AkAra-prakAra tigunA-caugunA bar3ha jAyegA, jo pAThakoM ke liye arucikara hogaa| dakSiNa bhArata kA purAtatva aura digambara muni- acchA to aba dakSiNa bhArata ke zilAlekhAdi purAtatva para eka najara DAla liijiye| dakSiNa bhArata kI pANDavamalaya Adi gaphAoM kA parAtatva eka ati prAcIna kAla meM vahA~ para digambara muniyoM kA astitva pramANita karatA hai| anumanAmaleM (TrAvanakora) kI guphAoM meM digambara muniyoM kA prAcIna Azrama thaa| vahA~ para dIrghakAya digambara murtiyA~ aMkita haiN| dakSiNa deza ke zilAlekhoM meM madUrA aura rAmanaMda jiloM se prApta prasiddha brAhmIlipi ke zilAlekha ati prAcIna haiN| vaha azoka kI lipi meM likha haye haiN| isaliye inako IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdi kA sapajhanA caahiye| yaha jaina mandiroM ke pAsa bikhare haye mile haiM aura inake nikaTa hI tIrthakaroM kI nagna partiyA~ bhI thiiN| ataH inakA sambandha jaina dharma se honA bahuta kucha saMbhava haiN| inase spaSTa hai ki IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdi se hI jaina muni dakSiNa bhArata meM pracAra karane lage the| ina zilAlekhoM ke atirikta dakSiNa bhArata meM digambara muniyoM se sambandha rakhane vAle saiMkar3oM zilAlekha haiN| una sabako yahA~ upasthita karanA asambhava haiN| hA~, unameM kucha 1. jaiyaprayaleM saM., pR. 26 / 2. prAjelesaM, pR. 46 / 3. Ibid. p. 6o 4. lhid. pp. 90&91. 4. Mr. Ajitaprasada. Advaxcale, lucknow reports. "Patna Jais temple renovaled in 1944 V.S. by daughter in law or llarahchand. On the entrancu duor is the lifc-tize image in wood of a mul with u Kumandal in the right hand & the brokca end of what must have hcen a Pichi in tlic kr. 6. SSIJ. PL.I. pp.35. digambaratva aura disambara muni (13)

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eka kA paricaya hama yahA~ para aMkita karanA ucita samajhate haiN| akele zravaNabelagola meM hI itane adhika zilAlekha haiM ki unakA sampAdana eka bar3I pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai| astu zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM prasiddha digambara sAdhugaNa- pahale zravaNa belagola ke zilAlekhoM se ho digambara muniyoM kA mahatva pramANita karanA zreSTha haiN| zaka saM. 522 ke zilAlekhoM se vahA~ para zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura maurya samrAT candragupta kA paricaya milatA hai| ina donoM mahAnubhAvoM ne digambara-veSa meM zravaNa-belagola ko pavitra kiyA thaa|' zaka saM. 622 ke lekha meM pauniguru kI ziSyA nAgamati ko tIna mAsa kA vrata dhAraNa karake samAdhimaraNa karate likhA hai| isI samaya ke eka anya lekha meM caritazrI nAmaka mani kA ullekha hai|'dhrmsen, baladeva, paTTinigurU, ugrasena guru, guNasena, perubhAlu, ullikala, tIrthada, kulApaka Adi digambara muniyoM kA astitva bhI isI samaya pramANita haiN| zaka saM. 896 ke lekha se prakaTa hai ki gaMgarAjA pArasiMha ne aneka lar3AiyA~ lar3akara apanA bhujavikrama prakaTa kiyA thA aura ataM meM ajitasenAcArya ke nikaTa baMkApura meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| ___ tArkikacakravartI zrI devakIrti-zaka saMvat 1085 ke lekha se tArkikacakravartI zrI devakIrti muni kA tathA unake ziSya lakkhanandi, mAdhavendu aura tribhuvanamalla kA patA calatA hai| unake viSaya meM kahA gayA hai "kurnegAH kpil-baadilnog-snhye| caavki-vaadi-mkraakr-vaaddvaagnye| bauddhapravAditimirapravibhedabhAnave. zrI devakIrtimunaye kvivaadivaagmine||" "catummukha caturvakta nirgamAgapadussahA! devakIrtimukhAmbhoje nRtyattIti srsvtii||" sacamuca muni devakIrti jI apane samaya ke advitIya kavi, tArkika aura vaktA the| ve mahAmaNDalAcArya aura vidvAna the aura unake samakSa sAMkhyika, cArvAka, naiyAyika, vedAntI, bauddha Adi sabhI dArzanika hAra mAnate the|"5 1. jaizisa. pR.1-2|| 2. [bid p-3. 3. bid pr 1-18 4. Ibid P.0. 5.jaizisaM., pR.23-24|| digambAtva aura digambara muni (137)

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mahAkavi muni zrI zrutakIrti - ukta samaya ke eka anya zilAlekha meM muni devakIrti ko guru paramparA rahI hai, jisame prakaTa hai ki puni kanakanandi aura devacaMdra kI bhrAtA zrutakIrti traividha puni ne devendra sadRza vipakSavAdiyoM ko parAjita kiyA thA aura eka camatkArI kAvya rAdhava-pAMDavoya kI racanA kI thI, jo Adi se anta ko va anta se Adi ko donoM ora par3hA jA ske| isase prakaTa hai ki upayukta muni devakIrti ke ziSya yAdava- nareza nArasiMha prathama ke prasiddha senApati aura maMtrI hullapa the|' zrI zathacandra aura rAnI javakkaNavve- zaka saM. 1099 ke lekha meM maMtrI nAgadeva ke guru zrI nayakIrti yogIndra va unako guru paraMparA kA ullekha hai| zaka saM. 1045 lekha se prakaTa hai ki hoyasAla mahArAja gaMga nareza viSNavarddhana ne apane guru zubhacaMdradeva kI niSadyA nirmANa karAI thii| inakI bhAvaja javakkaNavve ko jaina dharma meM dRr3ha zraddhA thI aura vaha digambara muniyoM ko dAnAdi dekara satkAra kiyA karatI thii|' unake viSaya meM nimna prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai - "doreye jakkaNikavvegI muvanadol cAritradol zoladol paramazrIjinapUjeyaul sakaladAnAzcaryadol stydol| gurupAdAmbujabhaktiyola vinayadola bhavyarkalaMkandadA daridaM munnisutirpa pempineDeyol pattanyakAntAjanam / / " zrI gollAcArya prabhRta anya digambarAcArya - zaka saM. 1037 ke lekha meM hai ki muni traikAlya yogI ke tapa ke prabhAva se eka brahmarAkSasa unakA ziSya ho gayA thaa| unake smaraNa mAtra se bar3e-bar3e bhUta bhAgate the| unake pratApa se karaMja kA tela dhRta meM parivartita ho gayA thaa| gollAcArya muni hone ke pahale golla deza ke nareza the| nUla candila nareza ke vaMza ke cUDAmaNi the| sakalacandramuni ke ziSya meghacaMdra vidya the| jo siddhAnta meM borasena taka meM akalaMka aura vyAkaraNa meM pUjyapAda ke samAna vidvAna the| zaka saM. 1044 ke lekha meM daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja kI dharmapatnI lakSmImati ke guNa, zIla aura dAna kI prazaMsA hai| vaha digambarAcArya zrI zubhacandra jI kI ziSyA thii| inhI AcArya kI eka anya dharmAtmA ziSyA rAjasammAnita cApuNDa ko strI devamati thii| zaka saM. 1068 ke lekha meM anya digambara muniyoM ke sAtha zrI zubhakIrti AcArya kA ullekha hai, jinake sammukha bAda meM bauddha mImAMsakAdi koI bhI nahIM Thahara sakatA thaa| isI meM prabhAcandra jI ko ziSyA, viSNuvarddhana nareza kI paTarAnI zAMtaladevI kI dharmaparAyaNatA kA bhI ullekha hai| 1. bid. pp.24-30 2. Ibid. pp. 33-42. 3. Ibid. pp.43-49. 4. Ibid. pp.5x6-66. 5. Ibid, pp.67-70 6. Ibid. pp. 40-81. (138) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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zaka saM. 1050 ke lekha meM zrI mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda digambara muniyoM kA maurya kA ziSya paramparA kA bakhAna hai jisameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura samrATa candragupta bhI ullekha hai| kundakundAcArya ke cAritra guNAdi kA paricaya bhI eka zloka dvArA karAyA gayA hai| - zrI kundakunda aura samantabhadra AcArya ina AcAryoM ko eka anya zilAlekha meM mUlasaMgha kA agraNI likhA hai| unhoMne cAritra kI zreSThatA se cAraNaRddhi prApta kI thI, jisake bala se vaha pRthvI se cAra aMgula Upara calate the| zrI samantabhadrAcArya jI ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai| "pUrvvaM pATaliputra-madhya- nagare bherI payA tAr3itA pazcAnmAlava- sindhu-Thakka - viSaye kAMcIpure vaidize / prApto'haMkarahATakaM bahu - bhaTaM vidyotkaTaM saMkaTam vadArthI vicarAmyahannarapate zArdUlavikrIDitam // 7 // avaTu taTamaTatijhaTiti sphuTa paTu vAcATa dhUrjaTerapi jihvA vAdini samantabhadre sthitavatitavasadasi bhUpakAsthAnyeSAM || 8 || " bhAva yahI hai ki samantabhadrasvAmI ne pahale pATaliputra nagara meM vAdabherI bajAI thI / tadoparAnta vaha mAlava, siMdhu paMjAba kAMcIpura vidizA Adi meM vAda karate huye karahATaka nagara (karAr3a) pahuMce the aura vahA~ kI rAjasabhA meM vAda garjanA kI thii| kahate hai ki vAdI samantabhadra kI upasthiti meM caturAI ke sAtha spaSTa zIghra aura bahuta bolane vAle dhUrjaTi ko jillA hI jaba zIghra apane bila meM ghusa jAtI hai, use kucha bola nahIM AtA to phira dUsare vidvAnoM kI kathA hI kyA hai? unakA astitva to samantabhadra ke sAmane kucha bhI mahatva nahIM rkhtaa| sacamuca samantabhadrAcArya jaina dharma ke anupama ratna the| unakA varNana aneka zilAlekhoM meM gauravarUpa se kiyA gayA hai| tirumakUDalu narasIpura tAlluke ke zilAlekha naM. 105 ke nimna padma meM unake viSaya meM ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki samantabhadrassaMstutyaH kasya na syAnmutizvaraH / vArANasIzvarasyAgre nirjitA yena vidviSaH / / arthAt ve samantabhadra munIzvara jinhoMne vArANasI (banArasa) ke rAjA ke sAmane zatruoM ko, mithyaikAntavAdiyoM ko parAsta kiyA hai, kisake stutipAtra nahIM hai? ve sabhI ke dvArA stuti kiye jAne ke yogya haiN| " . zivakoTi nAmaka rAjA ne zrI samantabhadra jI ke upadeza se hI jainendriya dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| . Ibid. Intro. p. 140. digambarAya aura digambara muni (139)

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zrI vakragrIva Adi digambarAcArya - digambarAcArya zrI vakragrIva ke viSaya meM upayukta zravaNabelagolIya zilAlekha batAtA hai ki ve chaH mAsa taka "atha" zabda kA artha karane vAle the| zrI pAtrakesarI ke garu vilakSaNa siddhAnta ke khaNDanakartA the| zrI vaddhadeva cUDAmaNi kAvya ke kartA kavi daNDI dvArA stutya the| svAmI mahezvara brahmarAkSasoM dvArA pUjita the| akalaMka svAmI bauddhoM ke vijetA the| unhoMne sAhasa taMga nareza ke sanmukha himazItala nareza kI sabhA meM unheM parAsta kiyA thaa| vimalacandra puni ne zaiva pAzupatAdivAdiyoM ke liye "zatrabhayaMkara ke bhavanadvAra para noTisa lagA diyA thA, para vAdimalla ne kRSNarAja ke samakSa vAda kiyA thaa| muni vAdirAja ne cAlukyacakrezvara jayasiMha ke kaTaka meM kIrti prApta kI thii| AcArya zAntideva hoyasAla nareza vinayAditya dvArA pUjya the| caturmukhadeva munirAja ne pANDaya nareza se "svAmI" kI upAdhi prApta kI thI, aura AhaSamallanareza ne unheM "caturmukhadeva rUpI sammAnita nApa diyA thaa| garja yaha ki yaha zilAlekha digambara muniyoM ke gaurava gAthA se samanvita hai|' digambarAcArya zrI gopanandi - zaka saM. 1022 (naM. 55) ke zilAlekha se jAnA jAtA hai ki malasaMgha dezIyagaNa AcArya gopanandi bahaprasiddha haye the| vaha bar3e pArI kavi aura tarka pravINa the| unhoMne jaina dharma kI vaisI ho unnati kI thI jaisI gaMganarezoM ke samaya huI thii| unhoMne dhUrjaTikI jihvA ko bhI sthagita kara diyA thaa| deza dezAntara meM bihAra karake unhoMne sAMkhya, bauddha, cArvAka, jaimini, lokAyata Adi vipakSI matoM ko hInaprabha banA diyA thaa| vaha paramatapa ke nidhAna prANImAtra ke hitaiSI aura jaina zAsana ke sakala kalApUrNa candramA the|' hoyasala nareza eaiyaMga unake ziSya the, jinhoMne kaI grAma unheM bheMTa kiye the|' dhArAnareza pUjita prabhAcandra - isI zilAlekha meM muni prabhAcandra jI ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki ve eka saphala vAdI the aura dhArAnareza bhoja ne apanA zIza unake pavitra caraNoM meM rakhA thaa|" zrI dAmanandi - zrI dAmanandi pani ko bhI isa zilAlekha meM eka mahAvAdI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai jinhoMne bauddha, naiyAyika aura vaiSNavoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAsta kiyA thaa| vAdI, mahAvAdI "viSNu bhaTTa" ko parAsta karane ke kAraNa ve "mahAvAdi viSNubhaTTagharaTTa" kahe gaye haiN|" 1. jaizisaM., pR. 101-114 / 2. jaizisaM., pR. 117 "paramatapo nidhAne, vasudhaikakuTumbajaina zAsanAmbara paripUrNacandra sakalAgama tatva padArtha zAstra vistara vacanAbhirAmaguNa ratna vibhUSaNa gopaNandiH / " 3. jaizisaM., pR. 395 / 4, jaizisaM., pR. 118 // 5. jaizisaM., pR. 118 // digammaratva aura digambara muma (140)

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zrI jinacandra - zrI jinacandra muni ko yaha zilAlekha vyAkaraNa meM pUjyapAda, tarka meM bhaTTAkalaMka aura sAhitya meM bhAravi batalAtA hai|' cAlukya nareza pUjita zrI vAsavacandra - zrI vAsavacandra muni ne cAlukya nareza ke kaTaka meM "bAla sarasvatI kI upAdhi prApta kI thI, yaha bhI isa zilAlekha se prakaTa hai| syAdvAda aura tarkazAstra meM yaha pravINa the|' siMhala nareza dvArA sammAnita yazaH kIrtimuni - zrI yazaHkortimuni ko ukta zilAlekha sArthaka nAma batAtA hai| ve vizAla kIrti ko liye huye syAdvAda sUrya hI the| bauddhAvAdiyoM ko unhoMne parAsta kiyA thA tathA siMhala nareza ne unake pUjyapAdoM kA pUjana kiyA thaa|' zrI kalyANakIrti - zrI kalyANakIrti puni ko ukta zilAlekha jIvoM ke liye kalyANakAraka prakaTa karatA hai| vaha zAkanI Adi bAdhAoM ko dUra karane meM pravINa the| zrI trimaSTi manIndra bar3e saiddhAntika batAye gaye haiN| ve tIna mahI atra kA hI AhAra karate the| sArAMza yaha ki ukta zilAlekha digambara muniyoM kI gaurava gAthA ko jAnane ke liye eka acchA sAdhana hai|' vAdIndra abhayadeva - zaka saM. 1320 (naM. 105) ke zilAlekha meM bhI aneka digambarAcAryoM kI kIrtigAthA kA bakhAna hai| vAdIndra abhayadevasUri ne bauddhAdi paravAdiyoM ko pratibhAhI- nA dina - gahI bAjAcArga cArukIrti ke viSaya meM kahI gaI hai| . hoyasAla vaMza ke rAjaguru digambara muni- zaka saM. 1205 (naM. 129) meM hoyasAla vaMza ke rAjaguru mahAmaNDalAcArya mAghanandi kA ullekha hai, jinake ziSya belagola kejauharI the| 1. jainendra pUjya (pAdaH) sakalasamayatakke ca maTTAkalaMkaH / sAhitye pAravissyAtkavi gamaka-mahAvAda-vAgmitva-rUndraH gaute pAye ca nRtye dizi vidiza ca saMvarti satkIrti muurtiH| stheyAzkIyogivRndArcitapada jinacandro vitndromuniindrH|| - thid. p. 253. 2. jaizisaM., pR.119-"cAlukya-kaTaka-madhye bAla sarasvatiriti prasiddhi praaptH|' 3. "zrImAnyazaHkIrti-vizAlakIrti syAdvAda tAja-vivodhanAvakaH | bauddhAdi-vAdi-dvipa-kumbha bhedI zrI siMhalAdhIza kRtAra_ pAdya / / 26 / / " 4. kalyANakIrti nAmAbhUtabhavya kalyANa kaarkH| zAkinyayAdi grahANAMca nirddhaattndurddhrH| -jaizisaM., pR. 121 5."muSTi-traya-prapitAzana-tuSTaH ziSTa priystrimussttimuniindrH|" 6. jaizisaM., pR. 198-207 7.Ibid. p. 253/ digambaratva aura digamma puni (141)

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yogI divAkaranandi - naM. 139 ke zilAlekha meM yogI divAkaranandi tathA unake ziSyoM kA varNana hai| eka gantI nAmaka bhadra mahilA ne unase dIkSA lekara samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa|' eka sau ATha varSa tapa karane vAle digambara muni - naM. 159 zilAlekha prakaTa karatA hai ki kAlantara ke eka manirAja ne kaTavA parvata para eka sau ATha varSa taka tapa karake samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| garz2a yaha ki zravaNabelagola ke prAyaH saba hI zilAlekha digambara muniyoM ko kIrti aura yazaH ko prakaTa karate haiN| rAjA aura raMka saba ho kA unhoMne upakAra kiyA thaa| raNakSetra meM pahuMcakara unhoMne vIroM ko sanmArga sujhAyA thaa| rAjA rAnI, strI-puruSa saba hI unake bhakta the| dakSiNa bhArata ke anya zilAlekhoM meM digambara muni - zravaNabelagola ke atirikta dakSiNabhArata ke anya sthAnoM se bhI aneka zilAlekha mile haiM, jinase digambara muniyoM kA gaurava prakaTa hotA hai| unameM se kucha kA saMgraha pro. zeSagirirAva ne prakaTa kiyA hai jisase vidita hotA hai ki digambara muni ina zilAlekhoM meM yama-niyama-svAdhyAya-dhyAna dhAraNa-maunAnuSThAna-japa-samAdhi-zIlaguNa-sampatra likhe gaye haiN| unakA yaha vizeSaNa unheM eka siddhako kanTa karatA hai| pro. A. unake viSaya meM likhate haiM ki - "From these epigraphs we learn some details about the great asectics and acharyas who spread the gospel of Jainism in the Andhra-Karoala desa. They were not only the Icader of lay and ascetic disciples but of royal dynasties of warrior clans that held the destinics of the peoples of these lands in their hands. *** bhAvArtha - " ukta zilAlekha saMgraha se una mahAna digambara muniyoM aura AcAryoM kA paricaya milatA hai jinhoMne Andhra karNATa deza meM jaina dharma kA saMdeza vistRta kiyA thaa| ye pAtra zrAvaka aura sAdhu ziSyoM ke hI netA nahIM the balki una kSatriya kaloM ke rAjavaMzoM ke bhI netA the jinake hAthoM meM una deza kI prajA ke bhAgya ko baagddorthii|" 1.bid. p. 289. 2. bid. p. 308. . 3. SSU. PL]] p.6. 4. bid. p. 68. (142) digambAttva aura digambara muni

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digambarAcAryoM kA mahatvapUrNa kArya - sacamuca digambara muniyoM ne bar3e-bar3e rAjyo kI sthApanA aura unake saMcAlana meM gaharA bhAMga liyA thaa| pulala (pAsa) ke purAtatva meM prakaTa hai ki unake eka digambarAcArya ne asabhya kuTumboM ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita karake sabhya zAyaka banA diyA thaa| ve jaina dharma ke mahAna rakSaka the aura unhoMne dharma lagana se prerita hokara bar3I-bar3I lar3AiyA~ lar3I thiiN| unhoMne hI kyA balki digambagacAryoM ke aneka rAjavaMzI ziSyoM ne dharma saMgrAma meM apanA bhUja vikrama prakaTa kiyA thaa| jaina zilAlekha unakI raNa-gAthAoM se otaprota hai| udAharaNataH gaMgasenApati kSatracUr3AmaNi zrI cAmuNDarAya ko hI lIjiye, vaha jaina dharma ke drar3ha zraddhAnI hI nahIM balki usake talva ke jJAtA the| unhoneM jaina dharma para kaI zreSTha graMtha likhe haiM aura vaha zrAvaka ke dharmAcAra kA bhI pAlana karate the, kintu usa para bhI unhoMne eka nahIM aneka saphala saMgrAmoM meM apanI talavAra kA jauhara jAhira kiyA thaa| sacamuca jaina dharma manuSya ko pUrNa svAdhInatA kA sandeza sunAtA hai| jainAcArya niHzaMka aura svAdhIna hokara vahI dharmopadeza janatA ko dete haiM jo janakalyANakArI ho| isaliye vaha "vasudhaivakuTumbaka kahe gaye haiN| bhIrutA aura anyAya to jaina muniyoM ke nikaTa phaTaka bhI nahIM sakatA hai| pro.sA. ke ukta saMgraha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya digambarAcArya zrI bhAvasena traivedha cakravartI jo vAdiyoM ke liye pahAbhayAnaka ( TError do displant) the vaha aura bavarAja ke guru (Preceptor of Bava King) zrI bhAvandi puni haiN| anya zrota se prakaTa hai ki - bAda ke zilAlekhoM meM digambara muni - san 1478 I. meM jijI pradeza meM digambarAcArya zrI vIrasena bahuta prasiddha hue the| unhoMne liMgAyata-pracArakoM ke samakSa bAda meM vijaya pAkara dhodyota kiyA thA aura logoM ko punaH jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| kArakala meM gajA korapADya ne digambarAcAryoM ko Azraya diyA thA aura unake dvArA san 1432 meM zrI gommaTa mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thI jisa unhoMne sthApita karAyA thaa| eka aisI hI digambara mUrti ko sthApanA veNUra meM san 1604 meM zrI timparAja dvArA kI gaI thii| usa samaya bhI digambarAcAryoM ne dhoyota 1.OIL, P. 2.6. 2. vIra, varSa 7, pR. 2-11 / 3.SSLI. Ft. VI. pp. 61-62. 4. vIra varSa 5 pR. 249 / dizAbaratva aura digambara muni (143)

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kiyA thaa| san 1530 ke eka zilAlekha se prakaTa hai ki zrIraMga nagara kA zAsaka vidharmI ho gayA thA use jaina sAdhu vidyAnanda ne punaH jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa|' digambara muni zrI vidyAnanda isI zilAlekha se yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki "ina munirAja ne nArAyaNa paTTana ke rAjA naMdadeva ko sabhA meM naMdanamalla bhaTTa ko jItA, sAtavendra rAja kezarIvarmA kI sabhA meM bAda meM vijaya pAkara "vAdI" viruddha pAyA, sAluvadeva rAjA kI sabhA meM mahAna vijaya pAI, briliMge ke rAjA narasiMha kI sabhA meM jaina dharma kA mahAtmya prakaTa kiyA kArakala nagara ke zAsaka bhairava rAjA kI sabhA meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva vistArA, rAjA kRSNarAya kI rAjasabhA meM vijayI hae, kopana va anya tIrthoM para mahAna utsava karAye, zravaNabelagola ke zrI gommaTasvAmI ke caraNoM ke nikaTa Apane amRta kI varSA ke samAna yogAbhyAsa kA siddhAnta muniyoM ko prakaTa kiyA, girasappA meM prasiddha huye| unakI AjJAnusAra zrIvaradeva rAjA ne kalyANa pUjA karAI aura vaha saMgI rAjA aura padmaputra kRSNadeva saM pUjna the| ' vaha eka pratibhAzAlI sAdhu the aura unake aneka ziSya digambara munigaNa the| re sArAMzataH dakSiNa bhArata ke purAtatva se vahA~ digambara muniyoM kA prabhAvazAlI astitva eka prAcIna kAla se barAbara siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra bhArata bhara kA purAtattva digambara jaina muniyoM ke mahAna utkarSa kA dyotaka haiN| 1. jaidha, pR. 70 va DG 2. majaismA, pR. 320-331 // (144) digambasva aura digambara muni

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[24] videzoM meM digambara muniyoM kA vihAra 'India had pre-eminently been the cradle of culture and it was from this country that other nations had understood even the rudiments of culture. For example, they were told, the Buddhistic missionaries and Jaina monks wentforth to Greece and Rome and to places as far as ,1 Norwary and had spread their culture." -Prol. M.S.Ramaswamy Iyengar 2 jaina purANoM ke kathana se spaSTa hai ki tIrthakaroM aura zramaNoM kA vihAra samasta AryakhaMDa meM huA thaa| vartamAna kI jAnI huI duniyA kA samAveza AryakhaMDa meM ho jAtA hai| isaliye yaha mAnanA ThIka hai ki amerikA, yUropa, eziyA Adi dezoM meM eka samaya digambara dharma pracalita thA aura vahAM digambara muniyoM kA bihAra hotA thaa| Adhunika vidvAn bhI isa bAta ko prakaTa karate haiM ki bauddha aura jaina bhikSugaNa yUnAna, roma aura nArave taka dharma pracAra karate huye pahuMce the| kintu jainapurANoM ke varNana para vizeSa dhyAna na dekara yadi aitihAsika pramANoM para dhyAna diyA jAya, to bhI yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki digambara muni videzoM meM apane dharma kA pracAra karane ko pahuMce the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bihAra ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki ve AkanIya, vRkArthapa, vAlhIka, yavanazruti, gAMdhAra kvAthatoya, tANa aura kArNa dezoM meM bhI dharma pracAra karate huye pahuMce the| ye deza bhAratavarSa ke bAhara hI prakaTa hote haiN| AkanIya saMbhavataH AkasIniyA ((xiania) hai| yavanazruti yUnAna athavA pArasya kA dyotaka haiN| bAlhoka balkha (Balkh) hai| gA~dhAra kaMdhAra hai| kvAthatoya reDa- sI (Red Sea) ke nikaTa ke deza ho sakate hai| tArNa kArNa tUrAna Adi pratIta hote haiN| isa dazA meM kaMdhAra yUnAna, mizra Adi dezoM meM bhagavAn kA bihAra huA mAnanA ThIka hai / 5 Y sikandara mahAn ke sAtha digambara muni kalyANa yUnAna ke liye yahA~ se prasthAnita ho gaye the aura eka anya digambarAcArya yUnAna dharma pracArArtha gaye the, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| yUnAnI lekhakoM ke kathana se baikTriyA (Bactria) aura 1. The "Hindu" of 25th July 1919 & JG.XV.27 2. bhA. 156 - 157 / 3. harivaMzapurANa, sarga 3, zlo. 37 / 4. bIra, varSa 9 aMka 7 5. saMjaii., bhA 2, pR. 102-103 / digambaratva aura digambara muni (145)

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ithyUpiyA (Ethiopia) nAmaka dezoM meM zramaNoM ke vihAra kA patA calatA hai| ye zramaNagaNa digambara jaina hI 4, kyoMki pauddha pramANa ro kAma aloka ke sArAnta videzoM meM pahuMce the| __ aphrIkA ke mizra aura abIsiniyA dezoM meM bhI eka sapaya digambara muniyoM kA vihAra huA prakaTa hotA hai, kyoMki vahA~ kI prAcIna mAnyatA meM digambaratva ko vizeSa Adara milA pramANita hai| mizra meM nagna mUrtiyA~ bhI banI thI aura vahA~ kI kumArI seMTamerI (St. Mary) digambara sAdhu ke veSa meM rahI thii| mAlUma hotA hai ki rAvaNa kI laMkA aphrIkA ke nikaTa hI thI aura jainapurANoM se yaha prakaTa hI haiM ki vahA~ aneka jena mandira aura digambara muni the| yUnAna meM digambara maniyoM ke pracAra kA prabhAva kAphI haA prakaTa hotA hai| vahA~ ke logoM meM jaina mAnyatAoM kA Adara ho gayA thaa| yahA~ taka ki DAyajinesa (Diogenes) aura saMbhavataH paraho (Pyrrho of Elis) nAmaka yUnAnI tatvavettA digambara veSa meM rahe the| pairraho ne digambara muniyoM ke nikaTa zikSA grahaNa kI thii| yUnAniyoM ne nagna mUrtiyA~ bhI banAI thI, jaise ki likhA jA cukA hai| jaba yUnAna aura nArave jaise dUra ke dezoM meM digambara munigaNa pahuMce the, to bhalA madhya-eziyA ke araba IrAna aura aphagAnistAna Adi dezoM meM ve kyoM na phuNcte|? sacamuca digambara maniyoM kA bihAra ina dezoM meM eka samaya meM huA thaa| maurya samrATa samprati ne ina dezoM meM jaina zramaNoM kA vihAra karAyA thA, yaha pahale ho likhA jA cukA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki digambara muni apane isa prayAsa meM saphala huye the, kyoMki yaha patA calatA hai ki islAma majahaba kI sthApanA ke samaya adhikAMza jainI araba chor3akara dakSiNa bhArata meM A base the' tathA hvenasAMga ke kathana se spaSTa hai ki IsvI sAtavIM taka digambara munigaNa aphagAnistAna meM apane dharma kA pracAra karate rhethe| digambara muniyoM ke dharmopadeza kA prabhAva islAma-maz2ahaba para bahuta-kucha par3A pratIta hotA hai| digambaratva ke siddhAnta kA islAma-paz2ahaba meM mAnya honA isa bAta kA sAbUta hai| arabI kavi aura tatvavettA abu-la-alA (Abu-L-Ala; 1. Al.p.104 3. AR.111.p.6 va jaina hosTala maigajIna, bhAga 11, pR.6| 3. bhpaa.,pR.160-202|| %. N.J.Intro., p.2 & "Diogenes Lacrlius (IX 61 & 63) refers to the Gymnosophists and asserts that Pyrcho of Elis. the found Sccpticism came under their insluence and on his rcturn to Elis imitated their habits of lifc.' E.B.X11,753 5. AR,1X.284 6.hubhA,,pR.37 (145) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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I. 973 - 1058 ) kI racanAoM meM jainatva kI kAphI jhalaka milatI hai| abu-lU - alA zAkabhojI to the hI, parantu vaha mahAtmA gAMdhI kI taraha yaha bhI mAnate the ki eka ahiMsaka ko dUdha nahIM pInA cAhiye / madhu kA bhI unhoMne jainoM kI taraha niSedha kiyA thA / ahiMsA dharma ko pAlane ke liye abu-l alA ne capar3e ke jUtoM kA pahananA bhI burA samajhA thA aura nagna rahanA vaha bahuta acchA samajhate the| bhAratIya sAdhuoM ko anta samaya agnicitA para baiThakara zarIra ko bhasma karate dekhakara vaha bar3e Azcarya meM par3a gaye the| ina saba bAtoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki abu-lU - alA para digambara jaina dharma kA kAphI prabhAva par3A thA aura unhoMne digambara muniyoM ko sallekhanA vrata kA pAlana karate huye dekhA thaa| vaha avazya hI digambara muniyoM ke saMsarga meM Aye pratIta hote haiN| unakA adhika samaya bagadAda meM vyatIta huA 1 thaa| laMkA (Ceylon) meM jaina dharma ko gati prAcIna kAla se hai| IsvI pUrva cauthI zatAbdi meM siMhalanareza pANDukAbhaya ne vahA~ ke rAjanagara anuruddhapura meM eka jaina mandira aura jaina maTha banavAyA thaa| nigraMtha sAdhu vahA~ para nirbAdha dharma pracAra karate the| ikkIsa rAjAoM ke rAjya taka vaha jaina vihAra aura maTha vahA~ maujUda rahe the, kintu I. pU. 38 meM rAjA vaTTagApinI ne unako naSTa karAkara unake sthAna para bauddha bihAra banavAyA thaa| usa para bhI, digambara muniyoM ne jaina dharma ke prAcIna kendra laMkA yA siMhaladvIpa ko bilkula hI nahIM chor3a diyA thaa| madhyakAla meM muni yazaH kIrti itane prabhAvazAlI huye the ki tatkAlIna siMhala nareza ne unake pAda-yoM kI arcanA kI thii| 2 sArAMzataH yaha prakaTa hai ki digambara muniyoM kA vihAra videzo meM bhI huA thA / bhAratetara janatA kA bhI unhoMne kalyANa kiyA thaa| . jaiva. pR. 466 / 2. mahAvaMza, AISJP. 37 1. digambAtya aura digambara muni (147)

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ka . 23:35. | [25] musalamAnI bAdazAhata meM digambara muni / / "o son, the kingdom of India is full of different religions....It is incumbcot on to the wipe all rcligions prejudices off tbc tablet of the beart; adninister justice according to the ways of cvery religions. -Babar musalamAna aura hinduoM kA pArasparika sambandha- I.8vIM-10vIM zatAbdi se araba ke musalamAnoM ne bhAratavarSa para AkramaNa karanA prArambha kara diyA thA, kintu kaI zatAbdiyoM taka unake paira yahA~ para nahIM jame the| vaha lUTapAra karake jo milA use lekara apane deza ko lauTa jAte the| ina prAraMbhika AkramaNoM meM bhArata ke strI-puruSoM kI eka bar3I saMkhyA meM hatyA huI thI aura unake dharma mandira ora mUrtiyA~ bhI khUba tor3I gaI thiiN| taimUralaMga ne jisa roja dillI phataha ko usa roja usane eka lAkha bhAratIya kaidiyoM ko lopadama karavA diyaa|' sacamuca prArambha meM musalamAna AkramaNakAriyoM ne hindustAna ko betaraha tabAha kiyA, kintu jaba unake yahA~ para paira japa gaye aura ve yahA~ rahane lage to unhoMne hindustAna kA hokara rahanA ThIka samajhA yahA~ ko prajA ko saMtoSita rakhanA unhoMne apanA mukhya karttavya paanaa| bAbara ne apane putra hamAya ko yahI zikSA dI ki "bhArata meM aneka mata-matAntara hai, isaliye apane hRdaya ko dhArmika pakSapAta se sApha rakha aura pratyeka dharma ke rivAjoM ke mutAbika insApha kr|" isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki hinduoM aura musalamAnoM meM paraspara vizvAsa aura prema kA bIja par3a gyaa| jainoM ke viSaya meM DA.helputha vaoNna glAjenApa kahate haiM ki "musalamAnoM aura jainoM ke madhya hamezA ra bharA sambandha nahIM thA (balki) pusalamAnoM aura jainoM ke bIca mitratA kA bhI sambandha rahA hai| "isI maitrIpUrNa sambandha kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki digambara muni pusalapAna bAdazAhoM ke rAjya meM bhI apane dharma kA pAlana kara sake the| IsavI dasavIM zatAbdi meM jaba araba kA saudAgara sulemAna yahA~ AyA to use digambara sAdhu bahuta saMkhyA meM mile the, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| garja yaha hai ki musalamAnoM ne Ate hI yahA~ para naMge daraverzo ko dekhaa| mahamUda gajanI (1001) 1.OIMS. Vol.xVIIl.p.116 3. Elliot. 111.p 430:"100000 in fidcis, impious idulators were on that day wain." -Mulluzal-i-Timuri 3.DJ.,p.66 & jaidha., pR.68|| -digamparatva aura digammA pani (148)

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aura muhammada gaurI (1175)ne aneka bAra bhArata para AkramaNa kiye kintu vaha yahA~ uhare nhii| Thahare to yahA~ para "lAma khAnadAna" ke saltAna aura unhIM se bhArata para musalamAnI bAdazAhata kI zurUAta huI samajhanA caahie| unhoMne san 1206 se 1290 I. taka rAjya kiyA aura unake bAda khilajI, tugalaka aura lodI vaMzoM ke bAdazAhoM ne san 1290 se 1.26 I. taka yahA~ zAsana kiyaa| muhammda gaurI aura digambara muni - ina bAdazAhoM ke jamAne meM digambara munigaNa nirbAdha dharmapracAra karate rahe the, yaha bAta jaina evaM anya zrotoM se spaSTa hai| gulAma bAdazAhoM ke pahale hI digambara muni, sultAna mahamUda kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa kara cuke the| sultAna muhampada gaurI ke sambandha meM to yaha kahA jAtA hai ki usakI begama ne digambara AcArya ke darzana kiye the| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya digambara muni itane prabhAvazAlI the ki ve videzI AkramaNakAriyoM kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa karane meM samartha the| gulAma bAdazAhata meM digambara mani - galAma bAdazahata ke jamAne meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA astitva milatA hai| pUla saMgha senagaNa meM usa samaya zrI durlabhasenAcArya, zrI dharasenAcArya, zrISaNa, zrI lakSmIsena, zrI somamena, prabhRta munipuMgava zobhA ko pA rahe the| zrI darlabhamanAcArya ne aMga, kaliMga, kadamIra, nepAla, dravir3a, gaur3a, kerala , tailaMga, ur3a, Adi dezoM meM vihAra karake vidharmI AcAryoM ko hataprabha kiyA thaa| isI samaya meM zrIkASThAsaMgha meM nizreSTha vijayacandra tathA pani yadAH kIrti, abhaya koti, mahAsena kundakIrti, tribhuvanacandra, gapasena Adi huye pratIta hote haiN| "gvAliyara meM zrI akalaMkacaMdra jI digambasvaSa meM ma. 1257 taka rahe 1.(Oxford pp. 129 1310. 2. "alakezvarapurAdabharavaracchanagare rAjAdhirAjaparamezvara yavana rAyaziromaNimuhammada bAdazAha suratrANa samasyApUrNAdakhila dRSTipAtenASTAdaza vrsspraaypraaptdevlokshriishrutviirsvaaminaam|" / arthAta -"alakezvarapura ke bharocanagara meM rAjezvara svAmI yavana rAjAoM meM zreSTha muhammda bAdazAha ke bANa samasyA kI pUrti se tathA dRSTa hone se 18 varSa kI avasthA meM svarga gaye hue zrI zrutavIra svAmI hue| __jaisibhA, 1 ki 2-3pR. 35 3. IA.Vol. XXI.p.361...wife of Muhamrnad Ghri desired to see the chics of the Digambaras. 4. jaisibhA., bhA. 1, ki, 2-3, pR.34| 5. bid.kiraNa 4, pR. 10 / / 6. vRjeza. pU. 10 / digambaratva aura digambara muni

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khilajI, tugalaka aura lodI bAdazAhoM ke rAjya aura digambara muni- khilajI tugalaka aura lodI bAdazAhoM ke rAjyakAla meM bhI aneka digambara muni huye the| kASThAsaMgha meM zrI kumArasena, pratApasena, mahAtapasvI mahAbasena Adi munigaNa prasiddha the| mahAtapasvI zrI mAhavasena athavA mahAsena ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne khilajI bAdazAhIna se emmAna pAyA thA ke prakAra hai ki alAuddIna dharma kI paravAha kucha nahIM karatA thaa| usa para rAdhoM aura cetaka nAmaka brahmaNoM ne usako aura bhI baragalA rakhA thaa| eka bAra unhIM donoM ne bAdazAha ko digambara muniyoM ke virUddha kahA -sunA aura unakI bAta mAnakara bAdazAha ne jainiyoM se apane guru ko rAjadarabAra meM upasthita karane ke liye khaa| jainiyoM ne niyata kAla meM AcArya mAhavasena ko dillI meM upasthita paayaa| unakA vihAra dakSiNa kI ora se vahA~ huA thaa| sultAna alAuddIna aura digambarAcArya - AcArya mahAvasena dillI ke bAhara zmazAna meM dhyAnArUr3ha the ki vahA~ eka sarpadaMza se aceta seTha putra dAha karma ke liye lAyA gyaa| AcArya mahArAja ne upakAra bhAva se usakA viSa-prabhAva apane yoga-bala se dUra kara diyaa| isa para unakI prasiddhi sAre zahara meM ho gyii| bAdazAha alAuddIna ne bhI yaha sunA aura usane una digambarAcArya ke darzana kiye| bAdazAha ke rAjadarabAra meM unakA zAstrArtha bhI SaTdarzanavAdiyoM se huA jisameM unakI vijaya rhii| usa dina mahAsena svAmI ne punaH eka bAra syAdvAda kI akhaNDa dhvajA bhAratavarSa kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM Aropita kara dI thii| inhIM digambarAcArya ko ziSya paramparA meM vijayasena, nayasena, zreyA~sasena, anantakorti, kamalakIrti, kSemakIrti, zrIhemakIrti kumArasena, hemacaMdra, padmanandi, yazaH kIrti, tribhuvanakorti, sahasrakIrti, mahIcandra Adi digmbara puni huye the| inameM kapalakIrti jI vizeSa prakhyAta the| sultAna alAuddIna kA aparanAma muhammadazAha thaa| san 1530 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM suni vidyAnanda ke gurUparamparINa zrI AcArya siMhanandi kA ullekha hai| vaha bar3e naiyAyika the aura unhoMne dillI ke bAdazAha mahamUda sUritrANa kI sabhA " 1. (the Jain) Acharyas by their character attainments and scholarship commanded the respect of even Muhammadan Sovereegns like Allauddin and Auranga Padusha (Aurangazeb) 2. jaisi., bhA. 1. pra. 109 3. Ibid. x. Oxford. p. 130 (150) digambara aura digambara muni

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meM bauddha va anyoM ko bAda meM harAyA thaa| yaha bAta ukta zilAlekha meM hai| yaha ullekha bAdazAha alAuddIna ke sambandha meM huA pratibhASita hotA hai| ' sArAMzataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bAdazAha alAuddIna ke nikaTa digambara puniyoM ko vizeSa sammAna prApta huA thaa| alAuddIna dillI ke zrI pUrNacandra digambara jaina zrAvaka kI bhI ijjata karatA thA aura usane zvetAmbaracArya zrI rAmacandrasUri ko kaI bheTeM aparNa kI thiiN| saca bAta to yaha hai ki alAuddIna ke nikaTa dharma kA mahatva na kucha thaa| use apane rAjya kA hI ekamAtra dhyAna thA usake sAmane vaha "zarIata" ko bhI kucha na samajhatA thaa| eka bAra usane nava muslimoM ko bhI topadama kara diyA / "hinduoM ke prati vaha jyAdA udAra nahIM thA aura jaina lekhakoM ne use " khUnI" likhA hai| kintu alAuddIna meM "manuSyatva" thaa| usI ke bala para "vaha apanI prajA ko prasanna rakha sakA thA aura vidvAnoM kA sammAna karane meM saphala huA thaa| 5 tatkAlIna anya digambara munigaNa saM. 1462 meM gvAliyara meM mahAmuni zrI guNakIrti jI prasiddha the| 'pedapAda deza meM saM. 1536 meM muni zrI rAmasena jI ke praziSya muni somakIrti jo vidyamAna the aura unhoMne "yazodhara carita" ko racanA kI thii| " zrI "bhadrabAhu carita" ke kartA muni ratnandi bhI isI samaya huye the / vastutaH usa samaya aneka munijana apane digambara veSa meM isa deza meM vicara rahe the| - - - 1. majaismA, pR. 322 " sultAna - zabda ko jainAcAryoM ne sUritrANa likhakara bAdazAhoM ko munirakSaka prakaTa kiyA hai| 2. jaihi. bhA. 15, pR. 132 / " 3. jaigha., pR. 68 / Y. Hc (Allauddin) was by nature cruel and implacable. and his only care, was the welfare of his kingdom. Na consideration for religion (Islam). .... ever troubled him. He disregarded the provisions of the Law He now gave commands that the race of "New-Muslims. Should be destroyed..... - Tarikh-i-Firozshahi - Elliot III. p. 25 5. sultAna alAuddIna ne zarAba kI bikrI rukavA dI thii| nAja, kapar3A Adi behada saste the| usake rAja meM rAjabhakti kI bAhulyatA thii| vidyAna kAphI hue the| (Without the partonange of the Sultan many learned and great men flourished). - Elliot, JJI, 206 6. jaihi. bhA. 15 pR. 225 7. "nadItaTAkhyagacche vaMze zrIrAmasenadevasya jAto guNArNavaiMka zrImAMzca bhImaseveti / nirmitaM tasya ziSyeNa zrIyazodhara sajJika zrI somakIrti muninAnizodayAdhIpatAMbudhAvarSe SaT vizaMzakhyetithiparigaNanAyuktaM saMvatsareti paMcamyAM pauSakRSNadinakara divase cottarAspaTTa caMdre ityAdi / " digambaratva aura digambara murti (151)

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lodI sikandara nijAma khA~ aura digambarAcArya vizAlakIrti - lodI khAnadAna meM sikandara (nijAma khA) bAdazAha san 1489 meM rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA thaa|' hamasapaTha ke guru zrI vizAlakIrti bhI lagabhaga isI samaya huye the| unake viSaya meM eka zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai ki unhoMna sikandara bAdazAha ke samakSa vAda kiyA thaa| vaha bAda lodI sikandara ke darabAra meM huA pratIta hotA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara mani taba bhI itane prabhAvazAlI the ki ve bAdazAhoM ke darabAra meM bhI pahuMca jAte the| tatkAlIna videzI yAtriyoM ne digambara sAdhaoM ko dekhA thA- jaina sAhitya ke upayukta ullekhoM kI puSTi ajaina zrota se bhI hotI hai| videzI yAtriyoM ke kathana me yaha spaSTa hai ki gulAma se londI rAjyakAla taka digambara jaina muni isa deza meM bihAra aura dharma pracAra karate rahe the| dekhiya, terahavIM zatAbdI meM yUropIya yAtrI mArko polo (Morco Pola) jaba bhArata meM AyA to use ye digambara sAdhu mile| unake viSaya meM yaha likhatA hai ki - ____ "katipaya yogI mAdarajAta naMge ghumate the, kyoMki jaise unhoMne kahA, ve isa duniyA meM naMge Aye haiM aura unheM isa daniyA kI koI cIja nahIM caahiye| khAsakara unhoMne yaha kahA ki hameM zarIra sambandhI kisI bhI pApa kA pAna nahIM hai aura isaliye hameM apanI naMgI dazA para zarma nahIM AtI hai, usI taraha jisa taraha tupa apanA muha aura hAtha naMge rakhane meM nahIM zAma ko, jinheM pAra kA mAnahI yaha acchA karate ho ki zarma ke mAre apanI nagnatA Dhaka lete ho|" isa prakAra kI mAnyatA digambara paniyoM kI hai| mAkoM polo kA samAgama unhoM se huA pratIta hotA hai| vaha unake saMsarga meM Aye huye logoM meM ahiMsA dharma kI bAhulyatA prakaTa karatA hai| yahA~ taka ki vaha sAga-sabjI taka grahaNa nahIM karate the| sUkhe patnoM para rakhakara bhojana karate the| ve ina saba me jIva-tatva kA honA mAnate the| haivela sA. gajarAta ke jainoM meM ina mAnyatAoM kA honA prakaTa karate haiN| kintu vastutaH gujarAta hI 1.Oxford. p. 10 2. majesmA., pR. 163 va 322 / 3. Some Yogis went stark naked. because. as they sand. they hed come nakod into the world and desired nothing that was on this world. Morcovut hcy declarcd. "We have no sin of the Tash to be conscious of and hereforc. we are not ashamed of our nakedness any more than you You who are conscious of thc sins of the flesh do well to have shamc and to cover your nakedness. - Yulc's Morco Polo II. 360 & HAR1,2,364 X. Morco Polo also noticed the customs which the orthodox Jaina community of Gujarat maintains to the present day. They do not kill an animal on any account not even a lly or flea or a louse or anything in fact that has lifc: for they say. these have all souls and it would be sin la du sn. __ - Yule's Morer Poles. II 3606 & HARI. p. 365. digambAtva aura digAbara muni (15)

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kyA pratyeka deza kA jainI ina mAnyatAoM kA anuyAyI milegaa| ataH isameM sandeha nahIM ki pArko polo ko jo naMge-sAdhu mile the, vaha jaina sAdhu hI the| alaberunI ke AdhAra para razIdadIna nAmaka musalamAna lekhaka ne likhA hai ki "mAlAbAra ke nivAsI saba hI zramaNa haiM aura mUrtiyoM kI pUjA karate haiN| samudra kinAre ke sindabUra, phakanUra, majarUra, hilI, sadarsa, jaMgali aura kulapa nAyaka nagaroM aura dezoM ke nivAsI bhI "zramaNa" hai|' yaha likhA hI jA cukA hai ki digambara mani zramaNa ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta haiN| ataH kahanA hogA ki razIduddIna ke anusAra mAlAbAra Adi dezoM ke nivAsI digambara jaiho aura gAjara kA ina svAbhAvika hai| mugala sAmrAjya meM digambara muni - tadoparAnta san 1526 se 1761 I. taka bhArata para mugala aura sUravaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne rAjya kiyA thaa| unake samaya meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA bAhulya thaa| pATodI (jayapura) ke pandira ke vi.saM. 1575 kI graMtha prazasti se prakaTa hai ki usa samaya zrIcandra nAmaka muni vidyamAna the| lakhanaU cauka ke jaina mandira meM virAjamAna eka prAcIna guTakA ke patra 163 para dI huI prazasti se nigraMthAcArya zrI mANikyacandradeva kA astitva saM. 1611 meM pramANita hai|" "bhAvatribhaMgI" kI prazasti se saM. 1605 meM muni kSemakIrti kA honA siddha hai|" sacapuca bAdazAha bAbara, humAyU aura zerazAha ke samaya meM digambara muniyoM kA vihAra sAre deza meM hotA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki unhIM kA prabhAva musalamAna dAvezoM para par3A thA; jisake phalamvarUpa ve nagna rahane lage the| mugala bAdazAha zAhajahA~ ke sapaya meM ve eka bar3I saMkhyA meM maujUda the| zerazAha ke samaya meM digambara muniyoM kA nirbAdha vihAra hotA thAH yaha bAta zerazAha ke aphasara malika muhammada jAyasI ke prasiddha hindI kAvya "padmAvata" (2 / 60) ke nimnalikhita padya se spaSTa hai - "koI brahmacAraja pantha laage| koI sudigaMvara AchA laage|" 1. Rashiundin trom Al-Biruni wrilcs :"The whole country (of Malabar) produces the pan... The people are all sumanis and worship idols of the cities of the shorc thu Cirst is Sindalur the Fuknur then the country of Sudarsa then Jangli, then Kulam, The men of all these countries are Siminis - Etliot Votinine iliyaTa sA, ne ina zramaNoM ko bauddha likhA hai, kintu usa samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM bauddhoM kA honA asambhava hai| zramapya zabda bauddha bhikSu ke atirikta digambara sAdhuoM ke liye bhI vyabahata hotA hai| 2.Oxford... 151, 3. "zrI saMghAcArthasatkavi ziSyeNa shriicndrmuni|" - jaimi., varSa 22, aMka 45, pR. 698 4. saM. 1611 caitra su. 2 mUlasaMdhai bha. vidyAnaMditatpaTTe zrI kalyANakIrti tatpaTTe negraMthAcArya tapobalalabdhAtizaya zrI maannikcndrdevaaH|" - jaimi., varSa 22, aMka 48, 1740 5. "saM. 1605 varSe tatziSya sarvaguNavirAjamAna maMDalAcArya muni zrI kssemkiirtidevaa|" 6. Bernier. pp. 315-318 digamvaratva aura digambara pani - - (153)

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akabara aura digambara muni - bAdazAha akabara jalAluddIna svayaM jainoM kA parama bhakta thA aura yadi hama usa samaya ke IsAI lekhakoM ke kathana ko mAnyata deM to kaha sakate haiM ki vaha jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gayA thaa| nissandeha zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hIravijayasUri Adi kA prabhAva usa para vizeSa par3A thaa|' isa dazA meM akabara digambara sAdhuoM kA virodhI nahIM ho sakatA balki abula phajala ne "AIna-e-akabarI" bhAga 3, pRSTha 87 meM unakA ullekha spaSTa zabdoM meM kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki ve naMge rahate haiN| vairATa kA digambara saMgha- vairATa nagara meM usa samaya digambara muniyoM kA saMgha vidyamAna thaa| vahA~ para sAkSAt mokSamArga kI pravRtti ke liye yathAjAta jinaliMga zobhA pA rahA thaa| yaha nagara bar3A samRddhizAlI thA aura usa para akabara zAsana karatA thaa| kavi rAjamalla ne "lATIsaMhitA" ko racanA yahIM ke jaina mandira meM kI thii| 2 unhoMne apane "jambUsvAmI carita" meM likhA hai ki bhaTAniyAkola ke nivAsI sAhu ToDara jaba tIrthayAtrA karate huye mathurA pahuMce to unhoMne vahA~ para 514 digambara muniyoM ke samAdhi sUcaka prAcIna stUpoM ko jIrNa-zIrNa dazA meM dekhaa| unhoMne unakA jIrNoddhAra karA diyA aura unakI pratiSThA zubha tithivAra ko caturvidhasaMgha - (1) muni, (2) AryikA (3) zrAvaka, (5) zrAvikA ekatra karake karAI thii| ina ullekhoM se ki pAdAha avatAra ke rAjya meM oka digambara muni vidyamAna the aura unakA nirbAdha vihAra sAre deza meM hotA thA / 3 - bAdazAha auraMgajeba ne digambara muni kA sammAna kiyA thA- akabara ke bAda mugala khAnadAna meM jitane bhI zAsaka huye una saba ke hI zAsanakAla meM digambara muniyoM kA astitva milatA hai| auraMgajeba sadRza kaTTara bAdazAha ko bhI 1. pAdarI pinhero (Pinheiro) ne likhA hai ki akabara jaina dharmAnuyAyI hai| [He (Akbar) follows the sect of the Jainas] - sUsa. pU. 171-398 2. vIra, varSa 3, pR. balATI., pR. 11 / * "zrImaDi DaDIrapiNDopamitamittanabhaH pANDurAkhaNDakottaryA, kuSTaM brahmANDakANDaM nijabhujayazasA maNDapADambaro'smin / yenAsau pAtisAhiH pratapadakabara prakhyavikhyAtakIrti - jayAd bhoktanAtha nAthaH prabhurIti nagarasyAyasya vairAranAmnaH || 6 || jaino dharmonavadyo jagati vijayate'dyApi santAnavartI sAkSAddaigambarAste yatatha iha yathA jAtarUpakalakSaH / tasmai tebhyo namostu tri samayaniyataM prollasatprasAdAdagAvarddhamAnaM pratidhavirahito vartate mokSamArgaH ||63 || 3. anekAnta pA. 1, pR. 139 - 141 "caturvidhamahAsaMgha samAhUyAna dhImatA / " (154) -- digambaratva aura digambara puli

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digambara puniyoM ne prabhAvita kara liyA thA, yahA~ taka ki auraMgajeba ne bhI unakA sammAna kiyA thaa| usa samaya ke kinhIM muni pahArAjoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai - tatkAlIna digambara muni - digambara muni zrI sakalacandra jI saM. 1667 meM vidyamAna the| unake eka ziSya ne "bhaktAmara kathA" kI racanA kI thii|' saM. 1680 kA likhA huA eka gaTakA digambara jaina paMcAyatI bar3A pandira (mainapurI) ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM virAjamAna hai| usameM zrI digambara muni mahendrasAgara kA ullekha usa samaya meM milatA hai| saMvata 1719 meM akabarAbAda meM muni zrI vairAgyasena ne "AThakarma kI 148 prakRtiyoM kA vicAra" carcA graMtha likhA thaa| saM. 1783 meM guru devendrakIrti kA astitva dUMDhArideza meM milatA hai| vahA~ para digambara muniyoM kA prAcIna AvAsa thaa| saM. 1757 meM kuNDalapura meM puni zrI gaNasAgara aura yaza-kIrti the| unake ziSya. ne mahArAjA chatrasAla kI vizeSa sahAyatA kI thii| kavi lAlamaNi ne auraMgajenna ke rAjya meM "ajitapurANa" ko racanA kI thii| usase kASThAsaMgha meM zrI dharmasena. bhAvasena, sahasrakIrti, guNakAti, yaza-kIti. jinacandra, zrutakIrti Adi digambara muniyoM kA patA calatA hai| saM. 1799 meM kavi khuzAladAsa jI ne eka muni pahendrakIrti jI kA ullekha kiyA hai| muni dharmacandra, muni vizvasena, muni 1. SSU. Ft. LL.p. 132 jaina kaviyoM ne auraMgajeba kI prazaMsA hI kI hai - "auraMgasAha valIko rAja, pAyo kavijana parama samAja | cakravartisama jagameM bhayo, pherata Adi udadhi loM gyiiN|| jA ke rAja parama sukha pAya, karI kathA hama jina guna gaay|" - kavi vinodIlAla 2. jaipra.,pR. 143 / 3. "guru muni mAhidaseni namijI, bhanata bhgvtiidaasu|" - vIra jinendra gauta. "muni mAherandraseni guru tiha juga carana psaai|" - DhamAlu rAjamatI -nemisura "suNi mAhendrasena iha nirisa praNAmA taaso| dhAni kapasthali nI kara bhanata bhagautI daaso||" - sjJAnI dAla 4. "savat 1719 varSe phAlguNa sudi 13 some likhita muni zrI vairaagysaagrenn|" 5. desaDhUDhAhar3ajANUsAra mUlasaDU bhavijAna surga sivakAra vssaanyuum| Age bhaye riSIsa guNAkara tini iha tthaanyuum|| kundakunda munirAi jihA dharma jAmAhi; katakilakAla vitIta bhae munivata abhikaaddii| devendrakIrti aab| citadhAri sAho virss| lakSmIgudAsa paNDita tahA~ vinusaguru ati sairaH / / satarAsai tiyAsiye posa sukula tithijaani|" - pApurANa bhASA 6. "tasyAnvaye saMjAto jJAnavAla guNasAgaraH / bhavasvI saMgha sapUjyoM yazaH kiirtimhaanuniH||" -dibaiDA., pR. 259 7, jaihiM, , 12-194 "zrImacchIkApThAsaMghe muNigaNagaNanAt digvstryusstte||" 8, "bhaTTAraka pada sauMpha jAsa muni mahendrakIrti paTa taas|" - uttarapurANa bhASA. digambAtya aura digambara muni (155)

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zrI bhUSaNa kA bhI isI sapaya patA calatA hai|' sArAMzataH yadi jaina sAhitya aura pUrti lekhoM kA aura bhI parizIlana aura adhyayana kiyA jAya to anya aneka munigaNa kA paricaya usa samaya meM milegaa| AgarA meM saba digambara muni - kavivara banArasIdAsa jI bAdazAha zAhajahA~ ke kRpApAtroM meM se.the| unake sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra jaba kavivara AgarA meM the, taba vahA~ para do nagna muniyoM kA Agamana huaa| paba ho loga unake darzana-vandana ke liye Ate-jAte the| kavivara parIkSA pradhAnI the| unhoMne una maniyoM kI parIkSA kI thii|' isa ullekha se uma sapaya AgarA meM digambara muniyo kA nirvAdha vihAra huA prakaTa hai| phreMca yAtrI, DA. barniyara aura digambara sAdhu - videzI vidvAnoM kI sAkSI bhI ukta vaktavya kI pAyaka hai| bAdazAha zAhajahA~ aura auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM phrAMsa se eka yAtrI DA. barniyA (Dr. Bernier) nAmaka AyA thaa| vaha sAre bhArata meM ghUmA thA aura umakA samAgama digambara muniyoM se bhI huA thaa| unake viSaya meM vaha likhatA hai ki - "pajhe aksara sAdhAraNataH kisI rAjA ke rAjya meM ina naMge phakIroM ke samUha mile the, jo dekhane pe bhayAnaka the| usI dazA meM maiMne unheM mAdaraz2Ata naMgA bar3e-bar3e zaharoM meM calate-phirate dekhA thaa| parda, augna aura lar3akiyA~ unakI ora vaise hI dekhate the jaise ki koI sAdha jaba hamAre dedA kI galiyoM meM hokara nikalatA hai, taba hama loga dekhate haiN| aurateM aksara unake liye bar3I vinaya se bhikSA lAtI thiiN| unakA vizvAsa thA ki ve pavitra puruSa haiM aura sAdhAraNa manuSyoM se adhika zIlavAna aura dharmAtmA hai|" TAvaraniyara Adi anya videziyoM ne bhI una digambara paniyoM ko isI rUpa meM dekhA thaa| isa prakAra ina udAharaNoM se yaha mpaSTa hai ki musalamAna bAdazAhoM ne bhArata kI isa prAcIna prathA, ki sAdhu nage raheM aura naMge hI sarvatra viyara kara, ko sammAnanIya duSTi se dekhA thaa| yahA~ taka ki katipaya digambara jainAcAryoM kA unhoMne khuba 1. zrImUlasaMdheya bhAratIye gakSe batnAtkAragaNetiramye / AsInsudevendrayazomunIndraH sadharmadhArI muni dhrmcndr|" - zrI jinasahasranAma. zrI kASThAsaMghe jinarAjasenastadanvaye zrI muni vizvisenA vidyAvibhUSaH munirAd babhUva zrI bhUSaNo vAdigajendra siNhH|| - pacakalyANakapaTha. 2. babi., caritra, pR. 97-102 / 3. "I huve often naci generally in the territory of sumu Raja lands of these naked fakirs hideous to buhald. In this trim I have seen tocm shunckessly walk stark naked, through a large lown men women and girls Juoking at them without any more emotion than may be created when a hermil passes through our strects. Funtatcs wusuld often hring them alms will much develion, doubtless helieving that they were holy persunuges, more chastc and discreci than other mon. Bernicr-p.317 (15) digamvaratva aura digambara muni

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Adara-matkAra kiyA thaa| vakAlIna hindU kavi mandaradAsa jI bhI apane " ga" gadha meM inakA khaminA gAte hai ' - ___ "kecit karmagthApahi jainA, keza la cAi kahiM ati phai|" kaizaluMcana kriyA digambara puniyoM kA eka khAsa mUlaguNa hai, yaha liyA hI jA cukA hai| isase tathA saM. 1870 meM huye kavi lAlajIta jo ke nimna ullagna ma tatkAlIna digambara muniyoM kA apane mUlaguNoM ko pAlana karane meM pUrNataH da vana rahanA prakaTa hai - "dhAre digambara rUpa bhUpa saba pada ko paraseM; hiye parapa vaizAya mokSamAraga ko drseN| je bhavi seveM carana tinheM samyaka darasAIH karai Apa kalyANa suvArahabhAvana bhaav|| paca mahAvrata dhareM bareM zivasundara nArI; nija ana bhau rasalIna parama-pada ke suvicaarii| dazalakSaNa nijadharma gahai rtntrydhaarg|| aise zrI panigaja cAna para jg-blihaarii||" 1. phAhyAna bhUmikA / digambaratva aura digambara muni (157)

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briTiza zAsanakAla meM digambara muni FL "All shall alike enjoy the equal and impartial protection of the Law, and we do strictly charge and enjoin all those who may be in authority under us that they abstain from all interferance with the religious belief or worship of any of our subjects un pain of our highest displeasure." - Queen Vatorial [26] mahArAnI vikToriyA ne apanI 1 navambara san 1858 kI ghoSaNA meM yaha bAta spaSTa kara dI hai ki briTiza zAsana kI chatrachAyA meM pratyeka jAti aura dharma ke anuyAyI ko apanI paramparAgata dhArmika aura sAmAjika mAnyatAoM ko pAlana karane meM pUrNa svAdhInatA hogI aura koI bhI sarakArI karmacArI kisI ke dharma meM hastakSepa na kregaa| isa avasthA meM briTiza sAmrAjya ke antargata digambara muniyoM ko apanA dharmapAlana karanA sugama - sAdhya honA cAhiye aura vaha prAyaH sugama rahA hai| 2 gata briTiza zAsanakAla meM hameM kaI eka digambara muniyoM ke hone kA patA calatA hai| saM. 1870 meM DhAkA zahara meM zrI narasiMha nAmaka muni ke astitva kA patA calatA hai| iTAvA ke Asa-pAsa isI samaya muni vinayasAgara va unake ziSyagaNa dharma pracAra kara rahe the| lagabhaga pacAsa varSa pahale lekhaka ke pUrvajoM ne eka digambara muni mahArAja ke darzana jayapura riyAsata ke phAgI nAmaka sthAna para kiye the| vaha munirAja vahA~ para dakSiNa kI ora se vihAra karate huye Aye the / dakSiNa bhArata kI giri-guphAoM meM aneka digambara muni isa samaya meM jJAna-dhyAnarata rahe haiN| una sabakA ThIka-ThIka patA pA lenA kaThina hai| unameM se katipaya jo prasiddhi meM A gaye unhIM ke nAma Adi prakaTa haiN| unameM zrI candrakIrti jI mahArAja kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| vaha saMbhavataH guramaMDyA ke nivAsI the aura jainavadrI meM tapasyA karate the| vaha eka mahAna tapasvI kahe gaye haiN| unake viSaya meM vizeSa paricaya jJAta nahIM hai| kintu uttara bhArata ke logoM meM sAmprata digambara muni zrI candrasAgara jI kA hI nAma pahale pahala milatA hai| vaha phalaTana (satArA ) nivAsI hUmar3ajAtIya padmasI nAmaka zrAvaka the| saM. 1969 meM unhoMne kurundavAr3agrAma (zolApura) meM digambara muni (158) 1. Royal Proclamation of Ist Nov. 1858. 2. "saMvat aSTAdaza zataka va satara barasa pramANa DhAkA sahara suhAmaNA, deza baga ke mA~hi / jaina dharmadhAraka jihA~ zrAvaka adhika suhAhiM / tAsu ziSya vinaya vibudha harpacaMda guNavaMta | muni narasiMha vineya vidhi pustaka eha likhaMta / / " 3. dijai. varSa 9, aMka 1. pR. 230 - mainapurI di. jaina bar3A maMdira kA eka guTakA / digambaratva aura digambara muni

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zrI jinappAsvApI ke sapIpa kSullaka ke vrata dhAraNa kiye the| saM. 1969 meM jhAlarApATana ke mahotsava ke samaya unhoMne digambara muni ke mahAnatoM ko dhAraNa karake nagna mudrA meM sarvatra vihAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| unakA vihAra uttara bhArata meM AgarA taka huA pratIta hotA hai|' san 1921 me eka anya digambara muni zrI Ananda sAgara jI kA astitva udayapura (rAjaputAnA) meM milatA hai| zrI RSabhadeva kezariyAjI ke darzana karane ke liye vaha gaye the; kinta karmacAriyoM ne unheM jAne nahIM diyA thaa| usa para upasarga AyA jAnakara vaha dhyAna mAr3hakara vahIM baiTha gaye the| isa satyAgraha ke pariNAmasvarUpa rAjya kI ora se unako darzana karane dene kI vyavasthA huI thii| kintu inake pahale dakSiNa bhArata kI ora se zrI anantakIrti jI mahArAja kA vihAra uttara bhArata ko huA thaa| vaha AgarA, banArasa Adi zaharoM meM hote hue zikharajI kI vaMdanA ko gaye the| Akhira gvAliyara rAjyAntargata morenA sthAna meM unakA asAmayika svargavAsa pAca zuklA paMcamI saM. 1974 ko huA thaa| jaba vaha dhyAnalIna the taba kisI bhakta ne unake pAsa Aga kI aMgIThI rakha dI thii| usa Aga se vaha sthAna hI AgamayI ho gayA aura usameM una dhyAnArUr3ha puni jI kA zarIra dagdha ho gyaa| isa upasarga ko una dhIra-vIra puni jI ne samabhAvoM se sahana kiyA thaa| unakA janma saM.1940 ke lagabhaga nillIkAra (kArakala) meM huA thaa| vaha morenA meM saMskRta aura siddhAnta kA adhyayana karane kI niyata se Thahare the; kintu abhAgyavaza vaha akAla kAla-kavalita ho gye| 'zrI anantakIrti jI ke atirikta usa sapaya dakSiNa bhArata meM zrI candrasAgara jI muni paNihalI, zrI sanatkumAra jI muni aura zrI siddhasAgara jI muni teravAla ke hone kA bhI patA calatA hai| kintu pichale pA~ca-cha: varSa meM digambara munimArga ko vizeSa vRddhi huI hai aura isa samaya nimnalikhita saMgha vidyamAna hai, jinake munigaNa kA paricaya isa prakAra hai - (1) zrI zAntisAgara jI kA saMgha - yaha saMgha isa samaya uttara bhArata meM bahuta prasiddha hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki uttara bhArata ke katipaya paNDitagaNa isa saMgha ke sAtha hokara sAre bhAratavarSa meM ghuse haiN| isa saMgha ne gata cAturmAsa bhArata kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM vyatIta kiyA thaa| usa samaya isa saMgha meM digambara mudrA ko dhAraNa kiye haye sAta munigaNa aura kaI kSullaka-brahmacArI the| digambara sAdhuoM meM zrI zAntisAgara ho mukhya haiN| saM. 1928 meM unakA janma belagAma jile ke ainApura-bhoja 1. bid, p. 18-240 2. dijai., varSa 14, aMka 5-6, pR.7| 3. dijai., vizeSAMka vIra, ni.saM, 2443 / digambaratva aura digambara muni (159)

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nAmaka grAma meM huA thaa| zAntisAgara jI ko taba loga sAta goMr3A pATIla kahate the| unakI nau varSa kI Ayu meM eka pA~ca varSa ko kanyA ke sAtha unakA byAha huA thA aura isa ghaTanA ke 7 mahIne bAda ho vahabAla patnI maraNa kara gaI thii| taba se vaha barAvara brahmacarya kA abhyAsa karate rhe| unakA mana vairAgya bhAva meM magna rahane lgaa| jaba vaha aThAraha varSa ke the, taba eka munirAja ke nikaTa se brahmacArI pada ko unhoMne grahaNa kiyA thaa| saM. 1969 meM uttaragrAma meM vigajamAna digambara muni zrI devendrakIrti jI ke nikaTa unhoMne kSullaka kA vrata grahaNa kiyA thaa| isa ghaTanA ke cAra varSa bAda saMvat 1973 meM kubhoja ke nikaTa bAhubali nAmaka pahAr3I para sthita zrI digamdA pani akalIka svAmI ke nikaTa unhoMne ailaka pada dhAraNa kiyA thaa| saM. 1976 meM yenAla meM paMcakalyANaka mahotsava huA thaa| usameM vaha bhI gaye the| jisa samaya dIkSA kalyANaka mahotsava sampanna ho rahA thA, usa mapaya unhoMne bhosagI ke nigraMtha pani mahArAja ke nikaTa mAni dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| taba se vaha barAbara ekAnta meM dhyAna aura napa kA abhyAsa karate rahe the| usa sapaya vaha eka khAse tapasvI the| unakI zAnta mIna aura yoganiSThA ne uttara bhArata ke viddhAnoM kA dhyAna unakI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| kaI paMDita unako saMgati meM rahane lge| Aricara unake ziSya kaI udAsIna zrAvaka ho gaye jinameM se kapiya tira puna auH tasallako kA pAlana karane lge| isa prakAra ziSya- samUha se veSTita hone para unheM "AcArya" pada se sazobhita kiyA gayA aura phira bambaI ke prasiddha saMTha ghAsIrAma pUrNacandra jauharI ne eka yAtrA saMgha sAre bhArata ke tIrthoM kI vandanA ke liye nikAlane kA vicAra kiyaa| tadanusAra AcArya zAntisAgara kI adhyakSatA meM vaha saMgha tIrthayAtrA ke liye nikala pdd'aa| pahArASTra ke sAMgalI - miraja Adi riyAsatoM meM jaba yaha saMgha pahuMcA thA taba vahAM ke rAjAoM ne usakA acchA svAgata kiyA thaa| nijApa sarakAra ne bhI eka khAsa hukma nikAlakara isa saMgha ko apane rAjya meM kuzalapUrvaka vihAra kara jAne diyA thaa| bhopAla rAjya se hokara vaha saMgha madhya prAnta hotA huA zrI zikharajI pharavarI, san 1127 meM pahuMcA thaa| vahA~ para bar3A bhArI jaina sammelana huA thaa| zikhAjI se vaha maMdha kaTanI, jabalapura, lakhanaU, kAnapura, jhAMsI, AgarA, dhaulapura, pathurA, phirojAbAda, eTA, hAtharasa, alIgar3ha, hastanApura. pujaphpharanagara Adi zaharoM se honA haA dillo pahu~cA thaa| dillI meM ba-yoga pug2a karake aba yaha saMgha alavara kI aura bihAra kara rahA hai aura usameM ye sAdhugaNya maujUda haiM - 1. dijai.. varSa 16, aMka 1-2, pR. 9 / 2 hukuma naM. 928 (zIro iMtaz2AmI) 1337 phasalI / [ltulj digambAtya aura digambara puti

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(1) zrI zAntisAgara jI AcArya, (2) muni caMdrasAgara, (3) puni sAgara, (4) muni bIrasAgara, (5) muni namisAgara (6) muni jJAnasAgara / lA (2) zrI sUrya sAgara jI kA saMgha dUsarA saMgha zrI sUryamAgara jI mahArAja kA hai. jo apanI sAdagI aura dhArmikatA ke liye prasiddha hai| khuraI meM isa sama kA cAturmAsa vyatIta huA thaa| usa samaya isa saMgha meM muni sUryasAgara jI ke atirikta muni ajita sAgara jI muni dharmasAgara jI aura brahmacArI bhagavAnadAsa jI the| khuraI se aba isa saMgha kA bihAra usI ora ho rahA hai| muni sUryasAgara jo gRhastha dazA meM zrI hajArIlAla ke nAma se prasiddha the| vaha poravAr3a jAti ke jhAlarApATana nivAsI zrAvaka the| muni zAntisAgara jI chAgI ke upadeza se nigraMtha sAdhu huye the| - (3) zrI zAntisAgara jI kA saMgha tIsarA saMgha muni zAntisAgA jI chANI kA hai, jisakA gata cAturmAsa IDara meM huA thaa| taba isa saMgha meM puni mallisAgara jI. bra. phatahasAgara jI aura bra. lakSmIcaMda jI the| muni zAntisAgara jI ekAnta meM dhyAna karane ke kAraNa prasiddha haiN| vaha chANI (udaipura) nivAsI dazA - humar3a jAti ke ratna haiN| bhAdava zukla 14 saM. 1979 ko unhoMne digambara veSa dhAraNa kiyA thaa| unhoMne bhukhiyA (bA~savAr3A) ke ThAkura krUrasiMha jI sAhaba ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita karake eka Adarza kArya kiyA hai| - (4) zrI Adi sAgara jI kA saMgha muni AdimAgara jI ke cauthe saMgha ne udagA~va meM pichalI varSA pUrNa kI thii| usa samaya inake sAtha muni mallisAgara jI kSullaka sUrosiMha jI the| - (5) zrI munIndra sAgara jI kA saMgha gata cAturmAma meM zrI munIndrasAgara jI kA pA~cavA~ saMgha mAMDavI (sUrata) meM maujUda rahA thaa| unake sAtha zrI devendrasAgara jI tathA vijayasAgara jI the| munIndrasAgara jI lalitapura nivAsI aura paravAra jAti ke haiN| unakI Ayu adhika nahIM hai| vaha zrI zikharajI Adi sIrthoM kI vandanA kara cuke haiN| - (6) zrI muni pAyasAgara jI kA saMgha chaTA saMgha zrI puni pAyasAgara jI kA hai, jo dakSiNa bhArata kI ora hI rahA hai| - - inake atirikta muni jJAnasagAra jo ( khairAbAda), muni AnandasAgara jI Adi digambara sAdhugaNa ekAnta meM jJAna dhyAna kA abhyAsa karate haiN| dakSiNa bhArata meM unakI saMkhyA adhika hai| ye saba hI digambara muni apane prAkRta veza meM sAre deza meM vihAra karake dharma pracAra karate haiN| briTiza bhArata aura riyAsatoM meM ye beroka-Toka dhUme haiM; kintu gatavarSa kAThiyAvAr3a ke kamiznara ne ajJAnatA se munIndrasAgara jI ke saMgha para kucha AdamiyoM ke ghere meM calane kI pAbandI lagA dI thI jisakA virodha akhila bhAratIya jaina samAja ne kiyA thA aura jisako radda karAne ke liye eka kameTI bhI banI thii| digambarAtva aura digambara muni - (161)

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saca bAta to yaha hai ki briTiza rAja kI nIti ke anusAra kisI bhI sarakArI karmacArI ko kisI ke dhArmika mAmale meM hastakSepa karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai aura bhAratIya kAnUna kI ora se bhI pratyeka sampradAya ke manuSyoM ko yaha adhikAra hai ki vaha kisI anya sampradAya yA rAjya ke hastakSepa binA apane dhArmika rIti-rivAjoM kA pAlana-nirvighna rUpa se kreN| digambara jaina muniyoM kA nagna vaidha koI naI bAta nahIM hai| prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma meM usako mAnyatA calI AI hai aura bhArata ke mukhya dharmo tathA rAjyoM ne usakA sammAna kiyA hai, yaha bAta pUrva pRSThoM ke avalokana se spaSTa hai| isa avasthA meM duniyA kI koI bhI sarakAra yA vyavasthA isa prAcIna dhArmika rivAja ko roka nahIM sktii| jaina sAdhuoM kA yaha adhikAra hai ki baha sAre vastroM kA tyAga kare aura gRhasthoM kA yaha haka hai ki ve isa niyama ko apane sAdhuoM dvArA nirvighna pAle jAne ke liye vyavasthA kareM; jisake binA mokSa sukha milanA durlabha hai| isa viSaya meM yadi kAnUnI najIroM para vicAra kiyA jAya to prakaTa hotA hai ki privI-kaunsila (Privy-council) ne saba hI sampradAyoM ke manuSyoM ke liye apane dharma sambandhI julUsoM ko Ama sar3akoM para nikAlanA jAyaja karAra diyA hai| nimna udAharaNa isa bAta ke prapANa hai| privI kaunsila ne maMjUra hasana banAma muhammada jamana ke mukadameM meM taya kiyA hai ki - "Persons of all sects are entitled to conduct rcligious processicas through public streets, so that they do not interfere with the ordinary use of such streets by the public and subjecl to such directions the Magistrate may lawfully give to prevent obstructions of the thorough fare or breaches of the public peace, and the worshippers io a mosque o temple which abulted on a highroad could not compel processionists lo intermit their worship while passing the mosque or lemple on the ground that There was a continuous worship there." (Munzur Hasan Vs Mohammad Zaman. 23 All Law Journal, 179). bhAvArtha - pratyeka sampradAya ke manuSya apane dhArmika julUsoM ko Ama rAstoM se le jAne ke adhikArI hai, bazarte ki usase sAdhAraNa janatA ko rAste ke upayoga karane meM dikkata na ho aura majisTreTa kI una sUcanAoM ko pAbandI bhI ho gaI ho jo usane rAste kI rukAvaTa aura azAnti na hone ke liye upasthita kI hoM aura kisI pasjida yA mandira, mandira yA masjida ke pAsa se nikale, mAtra isa kAraNa ki usa digamparatva aura digambara muni (162)

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samaya yahA~ pUjA ho rahI hai unako julUsI pUjA ko banda karane para majabUra nahIM kara skte| isa sambandha meM "pArthasAdI AyaMgara banAma citrakRSNa AyaMgAra" kI najIra bhI dRSTavya hai| Indian Law Report, Madras, Vol. V.p.309) zUdrama ceTTI banAma mahArANI ke mukadame meM yahI usUla sApha zabdoM meM isase pahale bhI svIkAra kiyA jA cukA hai| (I.L.R. VI, p.203) isa mukadame ke phaisale meM pRSTha 209 para kahA gayA hai ki julUsoM ke sambandha meM yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki agara vaha dhArmika haiM aura dhArmika aMzoM kA khyAla kiyA jAnA jarUrI hai, to eka sampradAya ke julUsa ko dUsare sampradAya ke pUjA-sthala ke pAsa se na nikalane denA usI taraha kI sakhtI hai jaise kI julUsa ke nikalane ke vakta upAsanA-mandira meM pUjA banda kara denaa| mukadamA sadAgopAcArya banAma rAmArAva 2.L.B.VI, P 276) meM yahI rAya jAhira kI gaI hai| ilAhAbAda lA jarnala (bhA. 23 pR. 180) para privI kaunsila ke jaja mahodaya ne likhA hai ki " bhAratavarSa meM aise julUsoM ke jinameM majahabI rasUma adA kI jAtI hai sAre rAha nikAlane ke adhika samma meM eka "najIra" kAyama karane kI jarUrata mAlUma hotI hai, kyoMki bhAratavarSa meM AlA adAlatoM ke phaisale isa viSaya meM eka-dUsare ke khilApha haiN| savAla yaha hai ki kisI dhArmika julUsa ko munAsiba va jarUrI vinaya ke sAtha zAha-rAha-Ama se nikalane kA adhikAra hai? mAnya jaja mahodaya isakA phaisalA svIkRti meM dete haiM arthAt logoM ko dhArmika julUsa Ama-rAstoM se le jAne kA adhikAra hai|" pukadamA zaMkarasiMha banAma sarakAra kaisare hinda (AI, Law Journal Report., 1929, pp. 18004182) jeradaphA 30 pulisa-aikTa naM. 5 san 1861 meM yaha tajavIz2a huA ki "taratIba" - vyavasthA dene kA matalaba "manAI nahIM hai| majisTreTa jilA kI rAya thI ki gAne-bajAne kI panAI saparinTenDenTa palisa ne usa adhikAra se kI thI jo use daphA 30 pulisa ekTa kI rUpa se milA thA ki kisI tyauhAra yA rasma ke mauke para jo gAne-bajAne Apa-rAstoM para kiye jAne unako kisI hada taka sImita kara deN| maiM (jaja hAIkoTI majisTreTa jilA ko rAya se sahapata nahIM hU~ ki zabda "vyavasthA kA bhAva hara prakAra ke bAje kI panAI hai| vyavasthA dene kA adhikAra usI mAmale meM diyA jAtA hai jisakA koI astitva ho| kisI aise kArya ke liye jisakA astitva hI nahIM hai, vyavasthA dene kI sUcanA bilkula vyartha hai| udAharaNataH Ane-jAne kI vyavasthA ke sambandha meM sUcanA se Ane-jAne ke adhikAra kA astitva svataH anumAna kiyA jaaygaa| usakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki pulisa - aphasarAna kisI vyakti ko usake ghara meM banda rakhane yA usakA AnA-jAnA roka dene ke adhikArI haiN| digammaratva aura digambara pani (163)

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daphA 31 pulisa eka kIla meM pulisa kA Ama gastI, sar3akoM, galiyoM, para Ana jJAna ke saba hI sthAnoM meM zAnti sthira rakhane kA adhikAra hai| banArasa meM isa adhikAra ke anusAra eka hukma ko kiyA gayA thA ki khAma sampadAya ke loga yAtrA vAlI (paMDoM) ko, jo isa nagara kI yAtrA ke liye logoM kA patha-pradarzana karate haiM, relave sTezana para jAne kI manAI hai| isa mukadame meM hAIkorTa ilAhAbAda ke yogya jaja mahodaya ne tajavIja kiyA ki kisI sthAna para zAnti sthira rakhane ke adhikAroM ke bala para kisI khAsa sampradAya ke logoM ko kisI khAsa jagaha para jAne kI Ama mumAniyata karane kA suparinTenDenTa pulisa ko adhikAra na thaa| isa tajavIz2a ke kAraNa vahIM the jo bamukadamA sarakAra banAma kizanalAla meM diye gaye haiN| LL.R. Allahabad Vol. 39, P. 131 ) zAnti sthira rakhane kA bhAva AdamiyoM ko gharoM meM banda karane kA nahIM haiN| yahI vijJaptiyA~ digambara jaina sAdhuoM se bhI sambandha rakhatI haiN| vaha cAhe akele nikaleM aura cAhe julUsa kI zakla meM, sarakArI aphasaroM kA kartavya hai ki unake isa haka ko na rokeN| digambara jaina sAdhugaNa sAre briTiza bhArata aura dezI riyAsatoM meM svatantratA se barAbara ghUmate rahe haiM, kahIM koI roka-Toka nahIM huI aura na isa sambandha meM kisI ko koI zikAyata huii| ataeva sarakArI aphasaroM kA to yaha mukhya kartavya hai ki ve digambara muniyoM ko apanA dharma pAlana karane meM sahAyatA phuNcaaye| gatakAla meM jitane bhI zAsaka yahA~ huye unhoMne yahI kiyA isaliye aba isake viruddha briTiza zAsaka koI bhI bartAva karane ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| unako to jainoM ko apanA dharma nirbAdha pAlane denA hI ucita hai| 1. NJ, pp. 19-23. (164) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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[27] digambaratva aura Adhunika vidvAn * manuSya mAtra kI Adarza sthiti digambara hI hai| mujhe svayaM nagnAvasthA priya - mahAtmA gA~dhI saMsAra ke sarvazreSTha puruSa digambaratva ko manuSya ke liye prAkRta, susaMgata aura Avazyaka samajhate haiN| bhArata meM digambaratva kA mahatva prAcIna kAla se mAnA jAtA rahA hai| kintu aba Adhunika sabhyatA kI lIlAsthalI yUropa meM bhI usako mahatva diyA jA rahA hai| prAcIna yUnAnavAsiyoM kI taraha jarmanI, phrAMsa aura iMglaiNDa Adi dezoM ke manuSya naMge rahane meM svAsthya aura sadAcAra kI vRddhi huI mAnate haiN| vastutaH bAta bhI yahI hai / digambaratva Adi svAsthya aura sadAcAra kA poSaka na ho to sarvajJa jaise dharma pravartaka mokSa- mArga ke sAdhanarUpa usakA upadeza ho kyoM dete ? mokSa ko pAne ke liye anya AvazyakatAoM ke sAtha naMgA tana aura naMgA mana honA bhI eka mukhya AvazyakatA haiN| zreSTha zarIra hI dharma sAdhana kA mUla hai aura sadAcAra dharma kI jAna hai tathA yaha spaSTa hai ki digambaratva zreSTha svastha zarIra aura utkRSTa madAcAra kA utpAdaka hai| aba bhalA kahiye vaha paramadharma kI ArAdhanA ke liye kyoM na Avazyaka mAnA jAya ? Adhunika sabhya saMsAra Aja isa satya ko jAna gayA hai aura vaha usakA manasA vAcA karmaNA kAyala hai| yUropa meM Aja saikar3oM sabhAyeM digambaratva ke pracAra ke liye khulI huI haiN| jinake hajAroM sadasya digambara veza meM rahane kA abhyAsa karate haiN| beDalsa skUla, pITarsa phIlDa (haimpazAyara ) meM bairisTara, DAkTara, iMjIniyara, zikSaka Adi ucca zikSA prApta mahAnubhAva digambara veSa meM rahanA apane liye hitakara samajhate haiN| isa skUla ke maMtrI zrI baphaDa (Mr. N.F. Barford) kahate haiM ki Next year, as I say, we shall be even more advanced, and in time people will get quite used to the idea of wearing no clothes at all in the open and will realise its enormous value to health, (Amrita Bazar Patrika, 8-8-31) - bhAva yahI hai ki eka sAla ke andara naMge rahane kI prathA vizeSa unnata ho jAyegI aura samayAnusAra logoM ko khuleAma kapar3e pahanane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhegii| unheM naMge rahane se svAsthya ke liye jo amiTa lAbha hogA vaha taba jJAta hogaa| isa prakAra saMsAra meM jo sabhyatA puja rahI hai usakI yaha spaSTa ghoSaNA hai ki " manuSya jAti ko svastha rakhane ke liye vastroM ko tilAMjali denI pdd'egii| nagnatA rogiyoM ke liye hI kevala eka mahAn auSadhi nahIM hai, balki svastha jIvoM ke lie digamyatva aura digambara muni (165)

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: bhI atyanta Avazyaka haiN| sviTajaralaiNDa ke nagara leyasana (Leysen) nivAsI DaoN. roliyara (Dr. Rollier ) ne kevala nagna cikitsA dvArA hI aneka rogiyoM ko ArogyatA pradAna kara jagata meM halacala macA dI hai| unakI cikitsA praNAlI kA mukhya aMga hai svaccha vAyu athavA dhUpa meM naMge rahanA, naMge TahalanA aura naMge daur3anA / jagatavikhyAt graMtha "inasAiklopIDiyA briTenikA" meM nagnatA kA bar3A bhArI mahatva varNita hai| " vAstava meM DaoNkTaroM kA yaha kahanA ki jaba se manuSya jAti vastroM ke lapeTa meM lipaTI hai taba se hI sardI, jukAma, kSaya Adi rogoM kA prAdurbhAva huA hai, kucha satya - sA pratIta hotA hai| prAcInakAla meM loga naMge rahane kA mahatva jAnate the aura dIrghajIvI hote the| kintu digambaratva svAsthya ke sAtha-sAtha sadAcAra kA bhI poSaka hai| isa bAta ko bhI Adhunika vidvAnoM ne apane anubhava se spaSTa kara diyA hai| isa viSaya meM zrI olivara harsTa sA. "The New Statesman and Nation" nAmaka patrikA meM prakaTa karate haiM ki "antataH aba samAja bAIbila ke prathama adhyAya ke mahatva ko (jisameM AdamI aura havvA ke naMge rahane kA jikra hai ) samajhane lagI hai aura nagnatA kA bhaya athavA jhUTI lajjA mana se dUra hotI jA rahI hai| jarmanI bhara meM bIsoM aisI sosAyaTiyA~ kAyama ho gayIM haiM jinameM manuSya pUrNa nagnAvasthA meM svaccha vAyu kA upayoga karate huye nAnA prakAra ke khela khelate haiN| ve loga nagna rahanA prAkRtika pavitra aura sarala samajhate haiN| zatAbdiyoM se jisake liye udyama ho rahA hai vaha yahIM pavitratA kA Andolana hai| yaha pavitratA kaisI hai? isake svayaM unake nivAsa sthAna gelainDa (Gelande) ke dekhane se jAnA jA sakatA hai jabaki vahA~ saikar3oM strI puruSa bAlaka-bAlikAyeM Anandamaya svAdhInatA kA upabhoga karate dRSTi pdd'e| aise dRzya dekhane se mana para kyA asara par3atA hai, vaha batAyA nahIM jA sktaa| jisa prakAra koI mailA-kucailA AdamI snAna karake svaccha dikhAI de TIka usI taraha yaha dRzya sarva prakAra ke sUkSma aMtaraMga viSoM se zUnya dikhAI pdd'egaa| aise pavitra mAnavoM ke sAmane jo vastradhArI hogA vaha lajjA ko prApta ho jaayegaa| aise Anandamaya vAtAvaraNa meM tAjI havA aura dhUpa kA jo prabhAva zarIra para par3atA hai usako sarvasAdhAraNa acchI taraha jAna sakate hai, parantu jo mAnasika tathA Atmika lAbha hotA hai vaha vicAra ke bAhara hai| yaha krAnti dinoM dina bar3ha rahI hai aura kabhI avanata nahIM ho sktii| mAnavoM kI unnati ke liye yaha sarvotkRSTa bheMTa jarmanI saMsAra ko degaa| jaise usane ApekSika siddhAnta use arpaNa kiyA hai| barlina meM jo abhI ina sosAyaTiyoM kI sabhA huI thI usameM bhitra-bhitra nagaro ke 3000 sadasya zarIka huye the| use pratiSThita vyaktiyoM aura rASTrIya kaunsila ke membaroM ne apanI-apanI striyoM ke sAtha dekhA thaa| una striyoM ke bhAva use dekhakara bilakula badala gye| nagnatA kA virodha karane ke liye koI hetu 1. dimuni bhUmikA, pR. "kha" 1 (166) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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nahIM hai jisa para yaha Tika ske| jo isakA virodha karatA hai vaha svayaM apane bhAvoM ko gandagI prakaTa karatA hai| kintu yadi vaha ina logoM ke nivAsasthAna ko gaura se dekhe to use apanA virodha chor3a denA hogaa| vaha dekhegA ki saikar3oM strI-puruSoM mAtA-pitA aura baccoM ne kaisI pavitratA prApta kara lI hai|" ataeva pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI anubhavapUrNa gaveSaNA se digambaratva kA mahatva spaSTa hai| digambaratva panuSya kI Adarza sthiti hai aura vaha dharma-pArga se upAdeya hai, yaha pahale bhI likhA jA cukA hai| svAsthya aura sadAcAra ke poSaka niyama kA vaijJAnika dharma meM Adara honA svAbhAvika hai| jaina dharma eka vijJAna hai aura vaha digambaratva ke siddhAnta kA pracAraka anAdi kAla se rahA hai| usake sAdhu isa prAkRta veSa meM zIladharma ke utkaTa pAlaka aura pracAraka tathA indriyajayI yogI rahe haiM, jinake sammukha samrATa candragupta maurya aura sikandara mahAna jaise zAsaka natamastaka huye the aura jinhoMne sadA hI loka kA kalyANa kiyA aise hI digambara muniyoM ke saMsarga meM Aye huye athavA munidharma se paricita Adhunika vidvAna bhI Aja ina tapodhana digambara muniyoM ke cAritra se atyanta prabhAvita huye haiN| ve unheM rASTra ko bahumUlya vastu samajhate haiN| dekhiye sAhityAcArya zrI kapila jI ema.5. jaja unake viSaya meM likhate haiM ki "maiM jaina nahIM hU~ para mujhe jaina sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM se milane kA bahuta avasara milA hai| jaina sAdhuoM ke viSaya meM maiM, binA kisI saMkoca ke kaha sakatA hU~ ki unameM zAyada hI koI aisA sAdhu ho jo apane prAcIna pavitra Adarza se girA ho| maine to jitane sAdhu dekhe haiM unase milane para citta meM yahI prabhAva par3A ki ve dharma, tyAga, ahiMsA tathA sadupadeza kI mUrti haiN| unase milakara bar3I prasannatA hotI hai|" baMgAlI vidvAna zrI baradAkAnta pukhopAdhyAya ema.e. isa viSaya meM kahate haiM - ____ "caudaha AbhyAntarika aura dasa bAhaya parigraha parityAga karane se nigraMtha hote haiN| jaba ve apanI nagnAvasthA ko vismRta ho jAte haiM taba hI bhavasindhu se pAra ho sakate haiN| (unako) nagnAvasthA aura nagnamUrtipUjA unakA prAcInatva sapramANa siddha karatI hai, kyoMki manuSya Adi avasthA meM nagna the|" mahArASTrIyana vidvAna zrI vAsudeva govinda ApaTe bI.e. ne eka vyAkhyAna meM kahA thA ki " jaina zAstroM meM jo yatidharma kahA gayA hai vaha atyanta utkRSTa hai, isameM kucha mI zaMkA nahIM hai| pro. DA. zeSagiri rAva, ema.e. pI-eca.DI. batAte haiM ki - 1. jaimi, varSa 32, pRSTa 712 / 4. jai.ma. pR.56 2. dimu..pR. 23 / 5. SSU. PT. II P.A 3. jaima.. pR. 151 / digambaratya aura digambara mugne (167)

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(The Jaina) faith helped towards the formation of good and grcal character helpful to the progress of Culture and Humanity. The leading exponents of that laith continued to live such lives of hardy discipline and spiritual culturc etc." bhAvArtha - "jaina dharma saMskRti aura mAnava samAja kI unnati ke liye utkRSTa aura mahAna caritra ko nirmANa karAne meM sahAyaka rahA hai| isa dharma ke AcArya sadA kI bhAMti tapazcaraNa aura AtmavikAsa kA unnata jIvana vyatIta karate rhe|* "IsAI mizanarI e. DuboI spa. ne digambana muniyoM ke sambandha meM kahA thA ki - "sabase ucca pada jo ki manuSya dhAraNa kara sakatA hai vaha digambara muni kA pada hai| isa avasthA meM manuSya sAdhAraNa manuSya na rahakara apane dhyAna ke bala se paramAtmA kA mAno aMza ho jAtA hai| jaba munaSya nirvANI (digambara) sAdhu ho jAtA hai taba usako isa saMsAra se kucha prayojana nahIM rhtaa| aura yaha puNya-pApa, nekI-badI ko eka hI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| usako saMsAra kI icchAyeM tathA tRSNAyeM nahIM utpanna hotI haiN| na vaha kisI se rAga aura na dveSa karatA hai| vaha binA duHkha pAluma kiye upasagoM ko sahana karatA hai| apane Atmika bhAvoM meM jo bhaujA ho usako kyoM isa saMsAra kI aura usakI nissAra kriyAoM ko cintA hogii|" eka anya mahilA mizanarI zrI sTIvensana ne apane graMtha "hArTa Apha jainijma" meM likhA ki - "Bcing rid of clothes one is also rid a lot of other worries no waler I needed in which to wash them. Our knowledge of good and evil, our knowledge of nakcuncss keeps us away form salvat on. To obtain it wc must forget nakedness. The Jain Niragranthas have forget all knowlcdgc ol good and evil. Why should they require clothes lo hide their nakedness?" (Heart of Jainism, p. 35) bhAvArtha - "vastroM kI jhaMjhaTa se chUTanA, hajAroM anya jhaMjhaToM se chUTanA hai| kapar3e dhone ke liye eka digambara veSI ko pAnI kI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| vastutaH pApa-puNya kA bhAna nagnatA kA dhyAna hI manuSya ko mukta nahIM hone detaa| mukti pAne ke liye manuSya ko nagnatA kA dhyAna bhulA denA caahiye| jaina nigraMthoM ne pApa-puNya ke bhAna ko bhulA diyA hai| bhalA unheM apanI nagnatA chipAne ke liye vastroM kI kyA jarUrata? 1. jaima., pR. 105 / (168) digambAstha aura digamsa muni

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san 1927 meM jaba lakhanaU meM digambara muni saMgha pahuMcA to zrI alaphreDa jekabazA~ (Alfread Jackob Shaw) nAmaka IsAI vidvAna ne unake darzana kiye the| vaha likhate haiM ki prAcIna pustakoM meM sammeda zikhara para digambara muniyoM ke dhyAna karane kI bAbata par3hA jarUra thA lekina aise sAdhuoM ko dekhane kA avasara ajitAzrama meM hI milaa| vahA~ cAra digambara muni dhyAna aura tapasyA meM lIna the| Aga sI jalatI huI chata para binA kisI kleza ke vaha dhyAna kara rahe the| unase pUchA to unhoMne kahA ki "hama paramAtmasvarUpa AtmA ke dhyAna meM lIna rahate haiN| hameM bAharI duniyA kI bAtoM aura sukha dukha se kyA matalaba - yadyapi maiM pakkA IsAI hU~ para to bhI maiM kahUMgA ki ina sAdhuoM kA sammAna hara sampradAya ke manuSyoM ko karanA caahiye| unhone saMsAra ke sabhI sambandhoM ko tyAga diyA hai aura ekamAtra mokSa kI sAdhanA meM lona haiN| "" sacamuca ina vidvAnoM kA ukta kathana digambaratva aura digambara muniyoM kI mahimA kA svataH dyotaka hai| yadi vicArazIla pAThaka tanika isa viSaya para gambhIra vicAra kareMge to vaha bhI nagnatA ke mahatva aura nagna sAdhuoM ke svarUpa ko mokSa prApti ke liye Avazyaka jAna jaayeNge| kavivara vRndAvana ke zabda svataH unake hRdaya se nikala par3eMge "catura nagana muni darasata, nuti zruti kari mana harasata, 1. JG., XXIII. p. 139. bhagata umaga ura sarasatA digambaratva aura digambara muni tarala nayana jala barasata / / " (169)

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upasaMhAra bAhya graMtho gamakSANAnAMtarI vipayeSitA nirmohastatra nithaH pAMthaH zivapure'rthataH / / - kavi AzAdhara "yaha zarIra bAhyaparigraha hai aura sparzanAdi indriyoM ke viSayoM meM abhilASA rakhanA antaraMga parigraha hai| jo sAdhu ina donoM parigrahoM meM mamatva pariNAma nahIM rakhatA hai, paramArtha se yahI parigraha rahita ginA jAtA hai tathA vahIM nirvANa nagara va mokSa meM pahuMcane ke liye pAMtha arthAt nitya gamana karane vAlA mAnA jAtA hai|" isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mokSa mArga meM niraMtara gamana karane kI sAmarthya eka mAtra yathAjAtarUpadhArI nirbaMdha ho ke haiN| jo manuSya zarIra rakSA aura viSaya kaSAyoM kI ciMtAoM meM phaMsakara parAdhIna banA huA hai, bhalA vaha sAdhu pada ko kaise dhAraNa kara sakatA hai ? aura digambara veSa ko dhAraNa karake vaha sAdhu nahIM ho sakatA to phira usakA niraMtara mokSAmArga para gamana athavA mokSa-pada ko pA lenA kaise saMbhava hai? isIliye digambaratva ko mahatva dekara mumukSu zarIra se nAtA thor3a lete haiM, aura naMge tana tathA naMge pana hokara AtmasvAtaMtrya ko pA lete haiN| zAzvata sukha ko dilAne vAlA yahI eka rAjamArga hai aura isakA upadeza prAyaH saMsAra ke saba hI mukhya-mukhya mata prarvatakoM ne kiyA thaa| manovijJAna kI dRSTi se jarA isa prazna para vicAra kijiye aura phira dekhiye digambaratva kI mhimaa| jisakA mana zarIra meM aTakA huA hai, jo lajjA ke bandhana meM par3A huA hai aura jo sAdhu veSa ko dhAraNa karake bhI sAdhutA ko nahIM pA pAyA hai, vaha digambaratva ke mahatva ko kyA jAne ? mana kI zuddha bhAvoM kI vizuddhatA hI mumukSu ke liye Atmonnati kA kAraNa hai aura vastutaH vahI sAkSAt mokSa ko dilAne vAlI hai| kintu mana kI yaha vizuddhatA kyA banAvaTa aura sajAvaTa meM nasIba ho sakatI hai ? nastrAdi parigraha ke moha meM aTakA huA prANI bhalA kaise nigraMtha pada ko pA sakatA hai| isaliye saMsAra ke tattvavettAoM ne hamezA digambaratva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke nikaTa se pracAra meM Akara yaha mahata siddhAnta Aja taka barAbara mumukSuoM kA AtmakalyANa karatA A rahA hai, aura jaba taka mumukSuoM kA astitva rahegA barAbara vaha kalyaNa karatA rhegaa| jAtA hai| digambaratva munaSya ko raMka se rAva banA detA hai| usako pAkara manuSya devatA ho hai| lekina digambaratva khAlI naMgA tana nahIM haiN| vaha naMge hone se kucha adhika hai| naMge to pazu bhI haiM para unheM koI nahIM pUjatA ? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mAnava jagata 1. sAgAra, pR. 513 / (170) digambaratva aura digambara muni

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jAnatA hai ki pazuoM ko apane zarIra ko DhaMkane aura viveka se kAma lene kI tapoja nahIM hai| pazuoM ne viSaya vikAra para bhI vijaya nahIM pAI hai| isake viparIta digambara muni ke sambandha meM usakI dhAraNA hai aura ThIka dhAraNA hai jaise ki hama nirdiSTa kara cuke haiM ki ve sAdhu tana se hI naMge nahIM hote balki unakA mana bhI viSaya vikAroM se naMgA hai| digambaratva kA rahasya usake bAhyantara rUpa meM garbhita hai| isa rahasya ko samajhakara hI mumukSu digambara veSa ko dhAraNa karake vikAra vivarjita hone kA sabUta dete haiN| aura Atma kalyANa karate hue jagata ke logoM kA hita sAdhate haiN| zrI RSabhadeva digambara muni ho the jinhoMne saMsAra ko sabhyatA aura dharma kA pATha pddh'aayaa| zrI siMhanandi AcArya digambara veza meM hI vicare the, jinhoMne gaMgavaMza kI sthApanA karAI aura una kSatriyoM ko deza tathA dharma kA rakSaka bnaayaa| kalyANakIrti Adi munigaNa naMge sAdhu hI the jinhoMne sikandara mahAna jaise videziyoM ke mana ko moha liyA thA, aura unheM bhArata bhakta banAyA thaa| ve digambara RSi hI the jinhoMne apane tatvajJAna kA sikkA yUnAniyoM ke diloM meM jamA liyA thA aura unheM bAda meM nigrahasthAna ko pahuMcA diyA thaa| zrI vAdirAja aura vAsavacandra jaise digambara muni dhIra vIratA ke AgAra the| unhoMne raNAMgaNa meM jAkara yoddhAoM ko dharma kA svarUpa sapajhAyA thA aura zrI samantabhadrAcArya digambara sAdhu hI the jinhoMne sAre deza meM vihAra karake jJAna sUrya ko prakaTa kiyA thaa| samrATa candragupta, samrATa amoghavarSa prabhRti mahimAzAlI nAratna apanI atula rAjalakSmI ko lAta mArakara digamyara RSi huye the| ye saba udAharaNa digambarattva aura digambara muniyoM ke mahatva aura gaurava ko prakaTa karate haiN| digambara muniyoM ke pUlaguNoM kI saMkhyA paripANa prastuta paricchedoM meM ota prota digambara gaurava kA bakhAna hai| sacamuca zrI zivavratalAla varmAn ke zabdoM meM - "digambara muni dharma -karma kI jhalakatI huI prakAzamAna mUrtiyAM haiN| ve vizAla hRdaya aura athAha samudra haiM jisameM mAnavIya hita kAmanA kI lahareM jora-zora se uThatI rahatI haiM aura sirpha manuSya hI kyoM ? unhoMne saMsAra ke prANI mAtra kI bhalAI ke liye sabakA tyAga kiyA / prANI himA ko rokane ke lie apanI hastI ko miTA diyaa| ye duniyA ke jabaradasta rirphApara, jabaradasta upakArI aura bar3e OMre darje ke vaktA tathA pracAraka huye haiN| ye hamAre rASTrIya itihAsa ke kImatI ratna haiN| inameM tyAga, vairAgya, aura dharma kA kamAla - saba kacha milatA hai| ye "jina" haiM, jinhoMne moha-mAyA ko tathA pana aura 1. jaima., pR. 3-5 / digambarAya aura digambarA puri (171)

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kAyA ko jIta liyaa| sAdhuoM ko nagnatA dekhakara bhalA kyoM nAka bhauM sikor3ate ho? unake bhAvoM ko kyoM nahIM dekhate ? siddhAnta yaha hai ki AtmA ko zArIrika baMdhana se tAllukAta kI poziza se AjAda karake bilakula naMgA kara diyA jAye, jisase usakA nijarUpa dekhane meM aave|" yaha vajaha hai ina sAdhuoM ke jAhiradArI ke rasmo rivAja se pare rahane kii| yaha aiba kI bAta kyA hai? Izvara kuTI meM rahane vAloM ko apane jaisA AdamI samajhA jAye to yaha galatI hai yA nhiiN| isaliye Ao saba milakara rASTra aura loka kalyANa ke liye spaSTa ghoSaNA karo kavivara vRndAvana kI tAna meM tAna milAkara kaho "satyapaMtha nigraMtha digambara" (172) - digambaratva aura digambara muni

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pariziSTa turkistAna ke musalamAnoM meM nagnatva Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai, yaha bAta pahale likhI jA cukI hai| misa lUsI gArneTa kI pustaka "Mysticism and Magic in Turky" ke adhyayana se prakaTa haiM ki "paigambara sAhaba ne eka roja murIdoM ke rAja aura mAraphata kI bAteM alI sAhaba ko bAtA dIM aura kaha diyA ki vaha kisI ko batAyeM nhiiN| isa ghaTanA ke 40 dina taka to alI sAhaba usa gupta saMdeza ko chupAye rahe kintu phira usake dila meM chupAye rakhanA asaMbhava jAnakara vaha jaMgala ko bhAga gye|" (pR. 110) / isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki puhammada sAhaba ne rAje mAraphata arthAta yoga kI bAte batAIM thIM, jinako bAda meM sUphI daravezoM ne unnata banAyA thaa| ina daravezoM meM ajAlulAba aura abdAla zreNI ke phakIra bilakula naMge rahate haiN| mi. je. pI. brAuna nAmaka sAhaba ko eka daraveza mitra ne khAlipha alI kI jiyAratagAha meM mile hue ajAlulauba daraveza kA hAla thaa| usakA rAmakIya thaa| zarIra majhole kada kA thA aura vaha bilakula naMgA (Perfecily naked) thaa| usake bAla aura dAr3hI choTe the aura zarIra kamajora thaa| usakI umra lagabhaga 40-50 varSa kI thI (pR. 36) / ina daravezoM ke saMyama kI aisI prasiddhi hai ki deza meM cAhe kahIM beroka Toka ghUmate haiM, kabhI arddhanagna aura kabhI pUre naMge ho jAte haiN| jitane hI vaha adbhuta dikhate haiM utane hI adhika pavitra aura neka gine jAte haiN| (The result of this reputataion for sanctity enjoyed by Abdals is that they are allowed to wander at large over the country, sometimes half-cald, sometimes completely naked.) apane jJAna kA prayoga khUba karate haiN| ghara aura sAthiyoM se unheM moha nahIM hotaa| ve maidAnoM aura pahAr3oM meM jA ramate haiN| vahIM vanaphaloM para guz2arAna karate haiN| jaMgala ke khUMkhAra jAnavaroM para ve apane adhyAtma-bala se adhikAra jamA lete haiN| sArAMzataH turkistAna meM yaha naMge daraveza prasiddha aura pUjya mAne jAte haiN| yUropa meM naMge rahane kA rivAja dinoM-dina bar3hatA jA rahA hai| jarmanI meM isakI khUba vRddhi haiN| aba loga isa Andolana ko eka vizeSa unnata jIvana ke lie Avazyaka samajhane lage hai| dekhiye, 2 pharavarI san 32 ke "sTeTsamaina" akhabAra meM yaha hI bAta kahI gaI hai digambarasva aura disambara dhuni (173)

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"Germany is at present challenging the traditional view that clothes are requisite for health and virtue. The habit of wearing only the sun and air exercise is growing and the "Nudist" movement at first laughed at and blushed at else where, is now seriously studied as probably the way to a saner morality." -The Staleman, 2-2-32 bhAratavarSa meM nagna rahane kA mahatva bahuta pahale hI samajhA jA cukA hai| videzoM meM aba vahIM bAta duharAI jA rahI hai| (174) digambaratva aura digambara muni

Page #178
akaccha akabara akampana gaNadhara akalaMkacandra 149 akalaMkadeva 115, 116, 117, 140 160 109, 130 * akalIka svAmI arkakIrti ajantA az2amera ajarikA ajitasAgara ajita senAcArya ajita prasAda vakIla ajitamuni ajitAzrama anukramaNikA akiJcana agnibhUta gaNadhara aMkalezvara aMga aMgapUrvadhArI acyutarAva rAjA acelaka 17, 42, 44, 45, 47,50,65 ajAtazatru arjuna az2esa (Azcs [) aNahilapura atithi atharvaveda athensa (Athens) anantakIrti pRSTha 48 154 66 65 93 62, 82, 149 65 113 129 96, 133 ex 161 110, 137 136 112 169 62, 65, 69 67, 93 78 93 29, 45 23, 29, 56 77 50. 159 anagAra anantajina anantanAtha anantavIrya anuruddhapura anekAnta anaimalai - pazumalai anzakRtasa (Oneskrits) aMjanerI aparigrahI apolo evaM damasa anistana aphrIkA abula -alA alakAsima milAnI abula faz2ala abdala abIsiniyA abhayakIrti abhayakumAra abhayadeva vAdIndra abhayanandi amarasiMha amerikA amalakIrti amitagati AcArya amoghavarSa samrAT ambA ayodhyA (175) 60 33 96 147 21 121 75 ex 45 77 146 146 146 35 154 34 146 149 62, 67 141 117 84 145 108 91 109, 110, 117. 130, 171 89 87

Page #179
i araba arameniyA arastU ariSTanemi arulanandi zaiva arhanandi alaphreDa jekaba zA alaberunI alabreTa vebara alavara alAuddIna alIgaMja alIgar3ha allUrAjA avatAra avadhUta avantI avinIta-kAMguNIrmA azoka azvasTa deza asura asAI - kher3A 31, 33, 97, 109, 146, 147, 148 ma 30 ahamadAbAda aharASTi- saMgha ahikSetra ahIra deza alIka AkanIya akasIniyA AgarA AgasTasa 57,58 122 109, 130 131 169 153 56 133, 160 150.151 136 160 96 20, 23 24, 25, 26 65, 69 106 73 124. 146 62 58 89 32 107 87, 126 93 42, 45, 51.57 145 145 156, 159, 160 77 AcArya AcArAgaMsUtra Acelakya AjIvaka AtmArAma Adama AdinAtha AdipracAraka AdisAgara Ardraka AnandasAgara Andhra Arya (176) AraTAla AruNI AzAvara, kavi AsAma AsArya - nAgAya Ahavamalla nareza iTAka iyUpiyA iMglaiNDa indrakIrti indra catutha rAThaura indranandi indrabhUti gautama iravina myUjiyama ilAhAbAda ilhAmanjUma islAma ikSvAku vaMza IDara 43, 160 44, 45 42, 44 60, 64, 119, 124 49 13, 116 29 22125 20, 23 161 s 159, 161 76, 88, 103, 101 46 123 25,28 13, 170 128 130 144 136, 158 146 165 121 110 127 62, 65 131 163, 164 34 35, 36, 146 80, 106 161

Page #180
145 116 166 128 IrAna 17, 74, 146 | ere yaMga nareza 13, 35, 37, 38 elorA 121 uga rAjakumAra ainApura bhoja 160 ugraperuvalUTI pApaDyarAja aiyaMgara, pro. rAmAsvAmI 114 ujjatakIrti muni 114 ailaka 40, 50, 160 ujjaina-ujjainI 72, 76, 80,83, aila-khAravela 80, 81, 104 84, 85, 87,89, eziyA 91,94, 17, 106 oDayadeva ujjaina ke digambarAcArya 87,91 or3ayaravaMzI utUra-guNa 40, 42 or3IsA 128 uttarAdhyayana-sUtra olivara harTa uttarapurANa auraMgajeba 31, 35, 154, 156 uttara nAma 161 kakubha 127 udagA~va kachavAhe udayagiri kaTanI udayana kaTavA 72, 142 udayapura(udaipura) 120, 151 kaTArIkher3A udayasena muni kaNUragaNa 106 undAna kA putra AmarakAra karaNaki upaka AjIvika 119, 120 kattamarAjA upanipad 130 kadamba upAdhyAya pro.e.ena. 51. 106.107, 208.128 kanakAmara muni umAsvAmI 47, 49 115, 114, 116 kanakacandra RksaMhitA 130 RAveda kanakasena koja Rbhu kandhAra RSabhadeva 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30, 48, 56, 57, 58, kanDaramasuka 60,79, 102, 113, 124, kaniSka 159, 170 , 171 kapitha RSi 16, 30,46, 78 kamalakIrti RSi vijaya guru kamalazIla bauddha karakaNDu 103, 104 (177) 126 56 95

Page #181
88 108 karaNa 123 kazmIra 69, 149 karNATaka 93, 116, 117 kASThA saMgha 125, 149, 150, 155 karNa. rAjA kIrtivarmA 134 karNa-suvarNa kuTicaka 22, 24, 26 karma-saMnyAsI 27, 28 kuNa-sundara karahATaka 129 kuNika kalacUrI 97, 108, 110 kuNDagrAma kalpakAla kuNDalapura kalabhravaMza 105, 120 kudepa zrIkhara kalamA kunti bhoja 93 kalyANakIrti kundakIrti 142 kalyANa mAvi kundakandAcArya 15, 46, 47, 104, kalahole 134 107, 114, 116, 118, 139 kalAramatthuka kundurazAkhA 130 kaliMga 67,79,91,82,88, kumpoja-bAhubali 131.160 104, 125, 149 kumbha melA kAkatIya vaMzI 122 / kumudacandrAcArya kAJcIpura 80, 107, 117, 139 kumAra kIrtideva kAnapura kumAra pAla samrATa kAThiyAvAr3a 161 kumArabhUpaNa kApAlika kumAra senAcArya 131, 150 kAmadeva sAmanta 131 kumArI parvata 80,82, 123 kArakala 103, 112, 143 kurrala kApaNa kurAna kArtavIrya 134, 135 kurAvalI kAreyazAkhA 129 kura jAMgala kAlantura 141 kurumba 142 kAlavaMga grAma 128 kulacandra 82, 131 kAlidAsa kuzAna 127 kAverIppUmapaSTinam kusaMdhya kkAthatoya 145 85, 127 kAzI 62 kUrcaka (178) 160 25 120 62 kuhAUM . 107

Page #182
90 kRSNacandra vidyAlaMkAra 86 / gA~dhI mahAtmA 13, 14, 147 kRSNavarmA mahArAjA kAdamba 128 glAjenAppa, pro. 148 kerala 145 gvAliyara 51,97, 132, 149, 151 kezaloca 42, 44, 57, 87, girinagara 80,93 girinAra 72, 105, 114 kezariyA jI gujarAta 78, 93, 94, 152 kesarI 65 guNakIrti mahAmuni 96, 129, konUra 134 151,155 koTikapura 70.72 guNanandi koTizilA 80 guNabhadrAcArya 109,117 kollaga 61,66 guNavarmA rAjA kolaMgAla guNasAgara kolhApura 111, 112, 113, guNazrI vimalazrI 135 83 kovalan seTha 1119, 120 guramaDyA 158 kozalApurI kauzala 62,65,80,88 gulAma 149, 152 kauzAmbI 62, 127 guhandi khajurAhA muhazivarAjA khasa 123 gujara jainI 114 khaMDagiri-udayagiri 125 gelainDa 166 khAravela 76, 79.80,81, 125 goA khilajI 149, 150 gopaTTadeva khuraI 161 gomasAra 117 khuzAladAsa kavi golAdhyAya 101 khema bauddha bhikSu gollAcArya 138 gobarddhana zrutakebanI gaNadhara 65, 66 gobinda tRtIya 109 gaNAcArya govindarAya rAThaura gaNI 46 gaur3adeza 97, 149 gAndhAra 145 / gaura-grAma 128 gopandi khudA 36 gaMgA

Page #183
gaMgA gaMgadeva gaMgarAja senApati gaMgavaMza ghoSAla, pro. zaraccandra cakrezvarI caturmukhadeva candrakIrti candragiri candragupta dvitIya candragupta maurya candrasAgara muni candrikAdevI rAnI candela campApura cAkirAja gaMga 72, 73, 102, 105, 137, 138, 167, 171, 159, 161 135 96 97 cAmuNDarAva cAvalapaTTI cArukIrti AcArya cAlukya cIna deza ceTaka cedirAja 31 77 112, 138 105 22 81 140 157 71, 72 84 130 110, 117, 142 135 141 cAlukya jayasiMha cAlukyarAjA kona cAlukyarAja jayakarNa cAlukyarAja bhuvanaikamalla cAlukyarAja vigramAditya citAmbUra cittaura 93, 103, 109, 110, 114, 117 14 134 134 132 129, 130 113 96. 87 61, 62 80 cera 104 cola 103, 104, 109, 119, 120, coladeza 88, 14, 108 cauhAna 89, 16, 133 chaha-Avazyaka 41 78 155 161 131 160 95 70, 71, 154 133 121 107 66 77 (180) chatrapa chatrasAla mahArAja chANI udepura) jagadekamallarAjA vAlapue jambUdvIpa prajJapti jambUsvAmI jayakIrti AcArya jayadeva paMDita jayadhavala jayantI jayapAla jayabhUti jayasiMha nareza jalAluddIna kamI javaNave jAvAlopaniSada jitazatru jina (jinendra ) jinacandra jinadAsa kavi jinappAsvAmI jinaliMgI jinasena jina zAsana jijIpradeza jIvaMdhara 126 117 34 138 57, 23, 25 80, 10 17, 60, 99, 100 140, 155 114 46 46 107, 109, 110, 117 19 143 62, 103

Page #184
tIrthakara 79 158 tugalaka 135 datta 28 169 131 44 jIvasiddhi 29. 57, 58,59, 60, 61,62,79,85, 103, jUnAgar3ha 124, 127, 136, 145 jaikobI pro. 23, 64 dagikAkhya 66 jainabadrI 149, 150 jainAcArya 16, 19, 10, 22 tUrAna 145 jogI tUriyAtIta 25, 26, 29 jarmanI 265, 166, 167 tUriyAtItopaniSada jhalla 56, 123, 124 tevarI jhAMsI 96, 160 tevArama 121 jhAlarApATana 132, 159, 161 tailaMga TrAvaraniyara 156 tolkAppiyam ToDaramala jI 22, 57 ToDara sAhu dattAtrayopaniSad dadiga mAdhava 106 ThAkura krUrasiMha mukhiyA daNDanAyaka dAssImarasa ThANAMgasUtra daNDin kavi 100, 140 DAyajinesa (Diogenes) 75, 146 damasa DelI nyUja daraveza 34, 36, 149 huvoI 57,80 DhAkA dahIgA~va DhUMDhArideza 155 dauThAvaMza 45, 51,81 30, 46 dAmanandi 140 talakADa 108 dArAzikoha 35 takSazilA 74, 78 drAvir3a 56,88,94, 104.1 tArNa tAmralipti digambara digambaratva 13, 14, 15. tamila 119, 120, 121, 122 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, tisthiya 23, 24, 26, 29, 32, 33, timmarAja 35, 36, 37, 38.39,48,56, timUra laMga 62, 57.63, 129, 146, 165, tirumakUDalUnarasIpura 139 166,167,170 (181) 14 168 dazaratha 158 tapasvI 148

Page #185
digvAsa dillI divalambA rAnI divAkaranandi dIghanikAya durlabharAja durlabhasenAcArya durvanIta durvAMsA dUvakunDa deva devakIrti tArkika cakravartI devagar3ha 61 94, 150 150 10 131 141 61, 65, 124 devanandi devamati devarAya rAjA devasUri zvetAmbarAcArya devasena devendrakIrti devendra muni devendrasAgara devavarmA kAdamba dezIyagaNa devagar3ha ke muni dharmananda Adi devagiri dvaipAyaka zrAvaka dohada dhanadeva dhanajaya kavi dhanapAla kavi dhanamitra dhanyakumAra 132 149 106, 196 29 132 66 137 89, 96, 133 133 128 116 138 112 93 219 114 130 161 128 140 116 125 66 90 90 66 dUra dharmma (182) dharmacandra dharmmabhUSaNa dharma zrI dharmasAgara dharmasena gharasenAcArya dhavala dhArAnagarI dhAtrIvAhana rAjA dhruvasena dhurjaTi dhaulapura nagna nagnatva nanda nandavardvana nandayAla kaiphiyata nandipeNa nandi saMgha nahapAna nakSatra namisAgara nayakIrti nayanandi nayasena narmadA narasiMha gaMgarAja narasiMha muni narasiMha hoyasAla narendrakIrti 17, 19, 20 21, 26, 7, 86, 88 96,136, 156 112 133 161 155 105, 149 66 90 17 77 139, 140 160 47, 56, 58 13, 15, 17, 19 66, 70, 72, 74, 76, 123 69 121 117 161 138 11, 130 150 58 110 154 112 133 78 177

Page #186
purANa 153 nAgadeva 131 / paJjAba 76,78,87, 923, 139 nAgamatI 137 / paTanA 97, 136 nAgavaMzI paDihAra 89, 97 nAgA sAdhu paNDAI veDu rAjA nAdhi yA nAbhirAya 20, 30 paNDita mahAmuni nArada parivrAjakopaniSad 21, 26, 27 pataMjali 23 nArabe 145, 146 pAnAbhakAyastha nArAyaNa pAnandi 16, 150 nAlaka 22.49, 58 nAlachA paprabha 130 nAladiyAra pAlAdevI nAlanda pyasIzrAvaka nigoda phyAvata nijikanve phyAvatI rAnI nidAgha panivanverAjakumArI AryikA 10 nigraMtha 23, 25, 29, 47, parNakuTi 51, 57,59,60, 61,64,67, paramahaMsa 20, 23, 24, 25, 68,73,78,81,83,85,87, 26, 31, 39 80,107, 119, 12, 124, 126, paramahaMsopaniSad 128, 135, 147, 161, 165 22, 25 nigraMtha nAthaputa paramAra vaMza 50.65 90,92 nijAma paralUrAka AcArya nirAgAra paravAdimalla nizcela paravAra 161 nirukta pallava vaMza to nillikAra (kArakala) 159 pasenadI nepAla 64,149 pahAr3apura 83, 128 nemicandra-nemicandrAcArya 91,96, pratyAkhyAna 49, 42 110, 113, 117, 130, 135 pratApasena nemideva pratikramaNa neminAtha pratimA paJcataMtra pRthvI . paJcapahAr3I 70 / pRthvIvarmA (183) 128 65 100

Page #187
prItakara 2 pRthvIrAja cauhAna 96 62 prabhAcandrAcArya puNDrabardhana prabhAcandradeva 130, 138, 140 puNDI(arkATa) 113 prabhAsa putrATa prayAga 32,87 punisa rAjA . praboSa candrodaya __ 100 pulakezI dvitIya pAkhaNDa 15,84 pulala pATikaputta 45,67 pulisa ekara pATaliputra 69, 81, 100, 139 pulamAyihAla 76 pATodI 153 puSpadanta pANDya 104, 119 puSpadantAcArya pANDya nareza 140 puSyamitra pApar3a 77, 81 puSyasena muni 116 pANDukAbhaya 147 120 pANDavamalaya 136 pUjyapAdadigambarAcArya pANipAtra 114,915. 516, 118 pAdarI pinherI 154 pUrNakAzyapa pAyasAgara muni pUrNacandra pArathasArdI 163 periyapurANam 120 pArasya pezAvara 87 pAzrvanAtha 60,63, 70, paiho 146 103, 123, 127, 131 podanapura pArAzara poravAr3a pAlAzika 107 propavadhopavAsa pAbA proSThila pAhilasaradAra phatahasAgara bra, 169 pAtrakesarI 129 phalaTana 159 piTara DevAAllA phAgI(jayapura) 158 priyakAriNI phAhayAna pitrI kaunsila 162, 163 phrAMsa pihitAzrava phiroz2AbAda 160 pITara bakagrIva (184) 102 58 61 5 131

Page #188
bagadAda baMga yA baMgAla banarAja banavAsI banArasa banArasIdAsa kavi prasUri barniyara barlina balkha baladeva balanandi balAtkAragaNa ballAlarAya basantakIrti bahudaka bramhadata bramhapura bramhANDapurANa bramhAvarta bAIbila yA kavi bAdAmI bAbara bAlamuni bAsupUjya bAsava bAsavacandra bAhunaMdi muni bAhubali (47 72, 82, 83, 24 26 10 120 106, 107 65, 87, 90, 112, 13, 169 156 89 31, 35, 156 167 145 133, 95 129, 134 112 133 24 89 87 49 20 37, 166 87 129 148, 153, 132 125 112 111 132, 140 135 60, 102, 129, 131 bAhubali vyAkaraNAcArya bijjala vipakSiNa vidizA briTiza bIjApura buddha buddhaghoSa buddhiliMga beDalsa skUla belagAma baikTriyA bhagavAna dAsa bra. bhaTakala bhaTTAkalaMka 130 111 96, 933 139 158, 161 135 60, 61, 63, 68, 124, 181 45 80 165 124, 135, 113, 160 146 161 113 112, 140 154 126 84 84 66 72, 105, 137, 138 66 57 77, 13 29, 60 30, 99 TAniyAkola bhaTTisena bhaddalapura bhaddalapura ke digambara bhadilA bhadrabAhu bhadrA bhRguaMkarisa bhRgukaccha bharata bhartahari bharoca (185) bhAgavata bhAmantIsanI bhAratavarSa bhAvanandi muni bhAvasena 20, 29, 56 131 60. 963 133, 143 155

Page #189
bhAvasena naibedya bhikSuka bhikSukopaniSad bhImasena bhUtabaliha bhairavadevI bhojaparihAra bhoja yA bhojarAjA bhopAla bhosagI ke nirgratha muni makkhanalAla paM. makkhaligozAla magadhadeza macchikAkhaMDa majjhimanikAya maNDikagaNa maNipura maNimekhale matisAgara bAdI mathurA madarasA rAjA madravitra madurA madanakIrti muni madanavarmanadeva madhyadeza manaraguDI manu manendra 133 52 27, 28 90 22 63, 64 62, 65, 69, 76, 80, 82 65 78, 13 113 89 11, 10, 140 160 160 61 66 133 105, 119, 120 17 70 87, 80, 83, , 84, 87, 89, 105, 123 125, 127, 154, 160 92, 13 96 131 127 105, 108, 117, 120, 129, 136 84, 96 113 20 78 marudevI malla malAbAra malika mu. jAyasI mallikA mallikArjuna mallisAgara malliSeNAcArya (186) 118 34 194 mahamUda gajanavI 149 muhamda gaurI 149 mahAdeva 22 mahAbhArata 58 mahArASTra 94, 106, 113 114, 160 mahAvagga 60, 63, 65 40, 94 52 60, 65 29 masnadI mahatisAgara mahAnata mahAvratI mahAvastu mahAvrAtya mahAvIra mahAvIrAcArya mahAsena mIcandra mahendrakIrti mahendravarmana mahendrasAgara mahezvara mRgezavarmA mRgezvara varmA 56, 123, 124 153 153 65 134 29, 48, 50, 60, 66, 68, 78, 80, 10, 103, 104, 123, 138, 145 109, 110 90, 149, 150 150 155 107 155 30 128 128

Page #190
I 1 ! I F 1 mAghanandi mA~DavI mANikyacandra mANikyanandi mAthurasaMgha mAdhavakaguNivarmA mAdhavabhaTTa mAdhavasena mAnatu mAnyakheTa mAnAikan mAnAditya mAyAmoha mArkopolo mArasiMha mAlakUTa mAlava yA mAlavA mAhaNa mithilApurI miraja mizra mug2ala mujaphpharanagara muja muNDakopaniSad mudrArAkSasa nATaka muni munIndrasAgara muhammada muhammadazAha murtinAyanAra mUlapuMDa 95, 131, 136, 141 161 153 153 105 116 91. 150 91 108, 130 119 135 59, 101 152, 153 110 89, 108 78, 90, 13, 139 52 66 160 37, 145, 146 153, 154 160 90, 91 40.57 69, 99 52 161 33, 36 150 120 130 mUlaguNa megasthanIz2a meghacandra medapATa mehikakula mainapurI maileyatIrtha maisera more nA mohana jodar3o maunIdeva maurya maudaka brAmhaNa mauryaputra paukhyadeza yajurveda yati yavana yavanazruti yazaH kIrti yazanandi 40, 133, 140, 157 72 118, 138 151 126 136 129 111, 112 159 123, 124 130 71 72 73 66 66 66 29, 55, 57 52 77, 78 145 149, 155 82 51 86 107 24, 28, 29 60 yazodevanirgrathAcArya yazodharman rAjA yApanIya yAjJavalkopaniSad yudhiSThira yUnAna 74 75 77, 145, 146, 165 yUropa 145, 165 yeravAla 160 yogI yogIndradeva rASTra yA rASTra (187) 23, 26, 43, 52 53. 138 114, 129, 134

Page #191
- - 7... na 153 132 125 157 155 raharAjasena 134 raNaketu rAjA ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ratnakIrti vidhAna rasIduddIna rAisa mi. 108 rAyamalla satyavAkya 110, 117 rAjagRha 60,64, 65, 66, 70,83,85, 127 rAjapUta rAjamalla kavi 154 rAThaura 130 rAdho-cetana rAmacandra 103,80,60 rAmacandAcArya 129 rAmacandra sUri 151 rAmAnanda 136 rAmasena 149, 151 rAmAyaNa 57, 58 lakSmaNa lakSmIcanda lakSmIdAsa lakSmImati lapadIsera lakSmezvara lATAvAgaTagaNa lAlakasa lAlajIta kavi lAlamaNi kavi liMgAyata liMga purANa licchavi lokapAla rAjA lodI baTTagAminI rAjA vatsadeza vyaktagaNaghara baragala varadAkAnta varddhamAn 111, 143 56, 123, 124 150 149, 150 , 152 122 167 rAyarAjA 61, 126 rAvaNa 47.99 rASTrakUTa rAkSasa rudrasiMha chatrapa reDa sI roma roliyara DaoN. 145 93, 103, 110, 115 varAhamihira 69 vasubhUti 145 vasuvina vAgvara 77, 145 vAtavasana 161 vAdidevasUra vAdirAja 103, 146, 147 / vAdImasiMha 135 vAmadeva 161 / vAmana (188) sakhanaU 140, 117, 171 laMkA lalitakIrti lalitapura

Page #192
135 140 85 135 93, 112, 136, 152 20, 30, 58 140 32, 47, 58 vAyupurANa vipalakIrti vAyubhUti vimalacandra kArAnagara 89,94,97 vimalanAtha vArAnagara ke AcArya vimalasena vAriSeNa 62 vilagI vAruNI vilkinsana bAlhIka 145 vivasana vAsudeva vizAkha vAsudeva ApaTe vizAlakIrti vikToriyA vizvasena vikramAditya 76,109 viSNu vikramasiMha kachavAhA viSNu bhaTTa vijayakIrti viSNu purANa bijayacandra vIranandi vijayadeva vIra pANDya vijayanagara 104, 112 bIrasAgara vijayapura vIrasena vijayasUri vIrupakSarAya vijayasAgara vuTugagaMga vijayasena vRkArthapa vijayAditya vRndAvana kavi vijayAdevI vRSabhAcArya viSTideva va viSNuvarddhana 111, 138 vRdaya maurya vidyAnandi 112, 117, 143, 150 vegirAja vidhuccara 62,71 veda videha veNurAjA vindusAra vepura viMdhya varmA vinaya candra vairAgyasena vinayAditya hoyasAla 140 vinayasAgara 136, 158 | vaizAlI vipulAcala 70,88 | zaka 143 161 107, 117, 131, 143 112 145 172 122 109 24, 29, 32, 55, 58 vairadeva 102, 143 85. 128 101 vairATa 154 61,62, 67,68 78 (189)

Page #193
130 62 zakaTAla zravaNabelagola 60, 72, 102, zatAnIka 112, 136 zambhU zrAvaka 40,82, 161 zAntaraTTarAja 130 zrAvastI 67,83,85,87, 90 zAntaladevI 111, 138 zrIcandra zAntikIrti zrIdharAcArya zAnti deva zrIpAla guru zAntinAtha 134 zrIbhUSaNa zAntirAjA zrImadbhAgavata 20, 23 zAnti varmA 128 zrImUlabhadhAraka 129 zAntisAgara 159, 160, 161 zrI varadeva Adi rAjA zAntisena 91, 132 zrI varddhadeva 139 zAlibhadra zrI vijayazivamRgeza varmA zAhajahA~ 35, 156 zrI zikhara jI 160, 161 ziva 59, 120, 121 zrutakIrti 155 zivakoTi 116, 139 zrutamuni zivanandi zrutasAgara 161 zivapAlita zreNika vimbasAra 60,62 zivamitra rAjA zreyA~sasena 150 zivavratalAla varmana zerazAha zivaskanda varmA zvetaketu 25, 28 zizunAga vaMza zvetAmbara 48, 50, 51, 93 zukrAcArya zeSAgiri rAva 105, 118, 142 zukla dhyAna 22,57 168 zubhakIrti 138 sakalakIrti zubhacandra 96, 129. 130, sakalacandra 134, 135, 138 skandagupta 85 zubhadeva skaMdhapurANa 30. 59 zUdramceTTI 163 sTIvensana 63, 168 zaMkarasiMha 163 satya loka zramaNa 48,53,56, 58.64, 119, | stUpa 70,71,78, 121, 125, 145, 146, 153 / 88,125, 127,136, 154 (190) 127 127 127

Page #194
139, 83 sadAgopAcArya 163 | sAla sthavira sAvitrI 123 sthUlabhadra 103 svAmI mahezvara 140 sanatkumAra 159 sAhasatuga 140 sanyasta sikandara niz2Ama lodI sanyAsopaniSad 152 24, 25, 28 sikandara mahAn 30,71,73, samataTa 88 145, 167 samiti siddhavatam kaiphiyata 122 samantabhadra 171 siddharAja samprati 73, 146 siddhasAgara samvandara appara siddhasenadivAkara sammeda zikhara 169 siddhArtha saramada zahIda 35, 36 sidhurAja sallekhanA 74,77,110, 147 | sthiDo kallisthenesa svarga loka sviTajaralaiNDa 166 sahastrakIrti siMhanandi saMkAzya siMhala 104 saMgha 161 siMhala nareza saMyamI siMhapura suMkta nikAya 65, 124 siMha senApati 25, 28 sugrIva saMsAra 15,16, 17, 18, 19, 21 suMga 76.80 sAkala suNakkhata 67 sAMgalI sudharma 66, 77 sAMkhya sunanda sAMcI sundaradAsa kavi 156 sAtagor3ApATIla 160 sundara sari sthAnezvara 87 sAdhu suppattitthiya sAmAyika 42 supArzva sAmaMtakIrti sulemAna 31, 17, 148 sAyaNAcArya 49 | suhRddhvaja 85,90 (191) Pla 68 saMvartaka 78 24 80, 81 sundI 60

Page #195
153 130 , 150 24, 25, 89,97, 112 . 115, 116, 117 sUravaMza sUritrANa sUrIpura sUrIsiMha kSullaka hindU himazItala himAlaya harivijayasUri henasAMga 69 161 sUryavaMza 106 161 160 154 30, 51,86,88,89, 108, 146 153 112 humAyU 78 hulla huviSka humar3a hamasagar3ha 37, 146 130 90 149 hUNa 150 hemacandra hemAMgadeza haidara alI hoyasAla kSapaNaka 112 108, 111, 140 53, 54, 69,83, 19, 101,45,44, 58 sUryasAgara seTha ghAsIrAma senagaNa senavaMza senTa merI seriMga kA vaMza somadeva sUri somasena somezvara rAjA solaMkI sauMdatti saurASTra hajArIlAla haThayogapradIpikA hathI sahasa hadIsa hadUvallI hammIra mahArANA harivaMzapurANa haripeNa harpavarddhana harihara dvitIya hanyA hastinApura hAtharasa hAthIguphA hArItiko hAlAsya mAhatmya 161 21, 22 125 kSatriya 33 kSullaka 40, 159, 160 150, 153 141 112 kSemakIrti 96 vidaNDI 62,101 tripiTaka tribhuvakIrti 86, 87,89 trimuSTi munIndra 112 trizalA jJAta jJAtRputra jJAna bhUSaNa jJAna vairAgya saMyAsI jJAna sanyAsI 122 / jJAna sAgara 56,61. 124 29 (192)