Mahavir Jain Vidyalay Shatabdi Mahotsav Granth Part 02

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/012079/1

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zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya zatAbdI mahotsava graMtha bhAga 2 ajhama vinaya , ' LAJAWAZAL. 2 see ** OSA

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zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya zatAbdI mahotsava graMtha khaMs: 2 saMpAdaka DaoN. kumArapALa desAI zikSaNa, saMzodhana, vivecana ane tattvaciMtana zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya prakAzana, muMbaI-400 009

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Shri Mahavir Jain Vidyalay Centenary Volume-2 Edited by Dr. Kumarpal Desai Published By : Shri Mahavir Jain Vidyalay, Mumbai-400 009 prathama AvRtti : jAnyuArI, 2015 pRSTha : 12 + 336 : prakAzaka: maMtrIzrI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya C/o. zrI kacchI vizA ozavAla jaina mahAjana vADI, 99/101, kezavajI nAika roDa, 2je mALe. viMca baMdara, muMbaI-400 009 phona : 23759179 8 23759399 | 35046397 mudrakaH bhagavatI mudraNAlaya bAraDolapurA, amadAvAda-380 004 Tong

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pramukhano saMdeza navayuga pravartaka AcAryapravara yugadraSTA zrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanI utkRSTa preraNAthI I. sa. 1915mAM muMbaImAM sthapAyelI saMsthA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya Aje enA zatAbdI varSamAM praveze che tyAre zrIsaMghanA pracaMDa puruSArthathI vikaselI A saMsthA svAbhAvika rIte ja AnaMda ane gauravano anubhava kare. dasa-dasa dAyakA sudhI uccazikSaNa mATe vidyArthIo ane vidyArthinIone preraNA, protsAhana ane pathadarzaka banI rahelI A saMsthAnI pravRttio satata pAMgaratI rahI che ane jJAnaprasAra mATe vidyArthIono Arthika temaja bIjI sahAya ApavAnI sAthosAtha jainasAhitya prakAzananuM paNa eNe AgavuM kArya karyuM che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha, suvarNa mahotsava smAraka graMtha, amRta mahotsava smRti graMtha jevA graMtho enI pacIzInI ujavaNI rUpe prakAzita karyA che. A zatAbdI mahotsava samaye e sAhitya, saMzodhana, vivecananA be daLadAra graMtho pragaTa karIne emanI paraMparAmAM eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhe che. sadIothI sAhityamAM samAja, enI vAstavikatAo ane AdarzonuM pratibiMba jhilAtuM AvyuM che. sadvAcanamAMthI prApta thatI preraNA dvArA lokonA jIvana upara vidhAyaka asara thAya che ane potAnA jJAnavArasAthI lAbhAnvita bane che ! sAruM sAhitya yogya pariprekSyamAM mUkavAmAM Ave che, tyAre zabdanI zakti samazera karatAMya vadhu prabaLa bane che. prastuta pustakanI vAcanasAmagrI temaja rajUAtamAM koI kacAza nathI eno mane AnaMda che. DaoN. kumArapALa desAI jaina darzananA bahukhyAta tajjJa che. A pustaka ApaNA hAthamAM che teno saMpUrNa yaza emane jAya che. A prakalpanA vRkSane emanA mArgadarzana dvArA Aje suphaLa AvyuM che teno paNa utkaTa AnaMda che. A prasaMge pustakamAM samAviSTa sarva lekhakagaNano paNa aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. jemaNe sAhityathI laI vaicArika netRtva sudhInA viSaya upara Alekhana karyuM che. vicArapreraka A sAhityanuM vAcana khUba preraNArUpa che. vArtAo preraka che, to mahApuruSonAM jIvanacaritramAMthI jJAnano ane cAritraghaDatarano khajAno maLI rahe che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya dvArA vivecana, saMzodhana, keLavaNI ane tattvaciMtananA lekhono A suMdara saMcaya pragaTa thaI rahyo che eno mane AnaMda che. ApaNI suvarNajayaMtI nimitte A pustaka prakAzananA saMniSTha prayatno badala huM AkhI TImane hRdayapUrvaka abhinaMdana ApuM chuM. A athAga parizrama mATe huM saMpAdakazrI, prapha-rIDaro ane prakAzakano khUba AbhArI chuM. A graMtha vidvAno, abhyAsIo ane sAhityarasikone upayogI banaze evI mane pUrNa zraddhA che. - kIrtilAla ke. dozI

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Message from the President I am delighted with the efforts of Shri Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya (SMJV) in bringing out this beautiful compilation on research, criticism and philosophy. I congratulate our team for their meticulous efforts in publishing this book in our centenary year. SMJV has always been at the forefront of proliferating knowledge through educational institutes and support activities. The present publication is another set in this direction. This book comprises a collectable collection of pieces of literature. I am sure that these articles will play a catalytic role in provoking thoughts and imagination amongst readers. For ages, literature has been a reflection of our society and an imagination of reality the way we want it to be. We have many cases where people have been inspired by good articles and essays to change their way of life. Pen is mightier than the sword, in a literal sense when an article is well compiled and presented. In the present case, I am happy to see that no stone has been left unturned to ensure the best in content and presentation. Dr. Kumarpal Desai is a renowned authority on Jaina Studies. It was his idea and effort that has brought this book out in his present form. He has been instrumental in supporting this project and we are truly delighted to see the fruit of his efforts. We also wish to express our deep gratitude to all authors who have contributed to this beautiful bouquet of thoughts, covering a whole range of subjects from literature to thought leadership and beyond. It is very enlightening to read these thought provoking pieces of literature. While the stories are inspiring, there is a huge wealth of knowledge to gain from the lives of great people. I am very grateful to the editor, proof readers and the publishers for their untiring efforts. The proof of the pudding lies in eating ! I am sure that everyone will enjoy reading this book and enrigh themselves. I also look forward to many more such compilations to be published in the years to come so that SMJV can continue to pursue its objective of knowledge sharing. - Kirtilal K. Doshi [IM

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mAnad maMtrIzrIono zubhasaMdeza pa.pU. AcArya bhagavaMta paMjAbakesarI yugadraSTA zrImad vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanI preraNA ane AzIrvAda saha zarU thayelI A saMsthA enA zatAbdI varSanI utsAhapUrNa ujavaNI karI rahI che, tyAre ame A saMsthAnA kAryasaMcAlananA sahayogI tarIke atyaMta ullAsa ane gaurava anubhavIe chIe. pa.pU. AcArya bhagavaMta AtmArAmajI mahArAjasAhebanI AjJAnA pAlanarUpa pUjya gurudeve joyuM ke pazcima bhAratanAM nAnAM gAmo ane zaheromAM te samaye yogya zaikSaNika suvidhAo prApta nahotI. vaLI ucca abhyAsanI tIvra dhagaza dharAvatA ucca guNAMka dharAvatA vidyArthIo muMbaImAM abhyAsArthe AvatA hatA. ApaNA samAjanA yuvAdhana mATe ucca abhyAsanI sagavaDa UbhI karavAnA dhyeya sAthe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI sthApanA thaI. pU. gurudevanA manamAM ucca abhyAsa mAtra bauddhika vikAsa mATe ja nahIM, paraMtu vidyApipAsanA sarvagrAhI vikAsanuM kAraNa banavuM joIe. e samAja-dezanA samagra vikAsanuM paNa eka mahattvanuM paribaLa che, tethI suspardhA ane parivartananA A yuga sAthe tAla milAvavA ApaNA samAjanA vidyArthIone ucca zikSaNanI sagavaDatA ApI tenA sarvAgI vyaktitvano vikAsa thavAno Azaya rAkhyo. vidyArthIomAM sarasvatI upAsanA sAthe netRtvanA guNono vikAsa e ja ucca zikSaNanA mahattvanAM aMgo gaNI, e prakAranI suvidhAo UbhI karavAnI zarUAta karI. I. sa. 1915mAM bhADAnA makAnamAM 15 vidyArthIonI saMkhyA sAthe zarU thayelI A saMsthAmAM atyAre enI 11 zAkhAomAM 1600 vidyArthIo ane vidyArthinIo ucca zikSaNanI saMpUrNa suvidhA pAme che. zatAbdI ujavaNInA zubha prasaMge amArA hRdayamAM mAtRsaMsthA taraphathI je lAgaNI, prema ane bhAvanA udbhave che, tenuM varNana zabdomAM zakya nathI. A gauravanI paLe saMsthAnA AdyasaMsthApako ane bhUtakALanA samakSa kAryadakSa hoddedArone paNa yAda karI teoe saMsthAno pAyo nAkhI enI bhavya imArata racavA mATe karelA athAga prayatna ane bhAvanAne yAda karatAM ane biradAvatAM harSa anubhavIe chIe. ame traNe maMtrIo vidyAlayanA pUrva vidyArthIo chIe. amArA jIvananI saghaLI pravRtti ane vidyAlayanI zaikSaNika siddhinA pAyAmAM amArI A mAtRsaMsthA che. AthI A mAtRsaMsthAnI sevA karavAno amane je moko maLyo che, te badala ame saMsthAnA ane sahu kAryakaronA RNI chIe. pU. gurudeva AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajIe samajAvyuM ke keLavaNI vagara uddhAra nathI. keLavaNI vyaktine sAmAnya mAnavImAMthI tejasvitAthI camakato sitAro banAvI de che. zikSaNakSetranI krAMti samagra samAjane vikAsanI dizAmAM laI jAya che. A kAraNe vidyAlayane zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka jaina samAjanI agragaNya ane apratima saMsthAnuM mAna ane sanmAna maLyuM che. Aja sudhI samAje amArI dareka apIlane vadhAvI lIdhI che. ApaNA samAjanI vartamAna M

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apekSAone paripUrNa karavA mATe ame sarve Apa sahunA sahakAra ane sahayoga icchatA satata jAgrata rahIe chIe. gharathI dUra suMdara ghara ane parivArathI dUra suMdara vizALa parivAra ApIne jeNe kArakirdInA ghaDatara, vyaktitvano sarvAgI vikAsa ane dharmasaMskAronA siMcanamAM siMhaphALo Apelo che, tevI mAtRsaMsthAne sASTAMga vaMdana. ApaNe sau jenA saMbaMdhonA tAMtaNe vizvamAM vistaryA, chatAM ApaNe sahu eka chIe evA anubhava "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanuM nAma sAMbhaLatAM ja sahunA hRdayamAM thAya che. tenA utthAna, utkarSa ane vistAra mATe badhuM ja nyochAvara karI devA utsuka ApaNe sahu A mAtRsaMsthAnuM RNa adA karavAnI takanI haMmezAM rAha jotA hoIe te svAbhAvika che. Avo, sAthe maLI tana, mana ane dhanathI samAjanA yuvAdhanane ucca zikSaNanA mAdhyamathI parivAra, samAja ane dezanI sevAmAM arpaNa karI, AnaMda umaMgathI zatAbdI UjavIne mAtRsaMsthAnuM RNa cUkavIe. zubhecchAo saha. 1 jAnyuArI, 2015 zrIkAMta esa. vasA subodharatna sI. gAraDI aruNa bI. zAha IV

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Amukha jaina dharma e jIvana jIvavAnI AgavI zailI che. vizvabharamAM jaina tattvajJAnano prasAra jainasamAjanI jIvanapaddhati dvArA thayo che. anya dharmonI jema jaina dharmano pracAra rAjAo ke sAdhuo dvArA eTalo nathI thayo, jeTalo parama pUjya tIrthakara bhagavAnanAM Adi vacanomAMthI prajAe grahaNa karyo che. AjanA A tIvra gatizIla mAhitIprasAranA yugamAM paNa jo vizvamAM jaina dharmano jJAnaprasAra karavo hoya, to te upadeza pramANe jIvI batAvavA jevuM preraka ane prabhAvaka bIjuM kaMI nathI. AcAra ane vicAranI A saMvAditA jaina dharmano pAyo che. DaoN. kumArapALa desAI mUrdhanya vidvAna che. jaina dharmanA siddhAMto ane AcArane prakAzamAM lAvavA mATe teo zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA zatAbdI graMthanuM saMpAdana karI rahyA che e jANIne mane atyaMta harSa thayo. saMpAdanamAM sarvajana bhogya sAmagrIthI mAMDIne talagrAhI vizleSaNa samAvavAmAM AvyuM che, tema chatAM pratyeka lekhamAMthI darekane kaMIka ne kaMIka grahaNa karavA jevuM ane AcaraNamAM utAravA jevuM maLI rahe che. AvA umadA saMcaya mATe ApaNe Do. kumArapALa desAInA hRdayapUrvaka AbhArI chIe. A saMpAdanamAM samAviSTa sarva lekhakaMgaNanA paNa ApaNe khUba AbhArI chIe jemaNe saMmati ApI. mane khAtarI che ke jaina dharmanA dareka abhyAsIne emAMthI aneka saMdarbho maLI raheze. jaina tattvajJAna sAthe Aje enI prastutatA temaja AjanA yugamAM eno viniyoga ane prayoga jevA viSayo ahIM samAviSTa karAyA che. lekhonI pasaMdagI e rIte thaI che jethI prastuta viSaya yogya pariprekSyamAM joI zakAya. vadhu ne vadhu vAcana ApaNA vicArone vadhu suspaSTa karaze. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayano prayAsa che ke jenone potAnA dharmasiddhAMtonI samucita jANakArI maLe ane jainetarone jaina dharma vizenI pramANabhUta mAhitI prApta thAya. jagatabharamAM vartamAna sAmAjika- Arthika visaMvAdanA vAtAvaraNamAM lokonI jIvanapaddhati badalAtI jAya che. gatizIla jIvana sAthe tANamukta loko ane satata ciMtAyukta jIvanayApananI sthitimAM jaina dharma zAMtimaya sahaastitva, ciMtAmukta jIvana ane sarvAga samRddhino rAha cIMdhe che. ahiMsA ane aparigrahanA siddhAMtone jo sAcA arthamAM apanAvavAmAM Ave, to samagra samAjanuM sarvatomukhI kalyANa thAya, e niHsaMdeha che. vyavasAya ane parivArika jaTilatAomAM satata DUbelA rahevA chatAM mArI AsapAsa huM zAMti ane svasthatA jALavI zakuM chuM, kAraNa ke huM nava dAyakAthI jaina dharmano saMniSTha anuyAyI chuM. mArI icchA che ke navI peDhI jaina dharmanA siddhAMto zIkhe ane apanAve, jethI teo mAtra saphaLa nahi paNa bahetara manuSya paNa banI zake. Ama kahIne huM kaMI dharmano pracAra karavA nathI mAgato paNa ApaNI pAse jIvananI guNavattA sudhAravA mATe bahetara paryAya che ema bhArapUrvaka kahevA mAguM chuM. prastuta pustaka jaina tattvajJAnanuM vastuniSTha vivaraNa che. dareka lekhamAM pragaTa thayelAM jIvanadarzana ane vicAro ApaNane e bAbate vadhu jANavA mATe utkaMThita kare che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa emAM pragaTa thayelAM pracura jJAna ane preraNAne potAnA vyaktigata jIvana sAthe sAMkaLI laI vartamAna paristhitimAM kaI rIte yogya nirNaya laI lAbha sAdhI zakAya te zIkhI zakAze. tattvaciMtana uparAMta vivecana, saMzodhana ane keLavaNIviSayaka lekho abhyAsIone mUlyavAna banI raheze. mane khAtarI che ke ApaNAmAMthI dareka mATe ahIM zIkhavA, samajavA ane manana-maMthana karavA yogya vicArasAmagrI maLaze. Apane A preraka, rasaprada ane talasparzI sAmagrI uttama vAcana Apaze ane zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanuM A prakAzana tamane AnaMda Apaze evI AzA rAkhuM chuM. - kIrtilAla ke. dozI VII

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Preface Jainism is a way of life. The Jain Philosophy has been proliferated across the globe largely by the believers in Jainism who have practiced this philosophy. Unlike many other religions, Jainism has not been promoted by kings or monks but it certainly has inspired many people to learn from the teachings of our revered Tirthankaras. Even in this age of high speed information technology to share knowledge across the globe, the best way to inspire people is to live the way you want them to live. This is what Jainism has always been about. I am delighted to learn that a learned scholar of the caliber of Dr. Kumarpalbhai Desai has agreed to edit this book highlighting the tenets of Jainism and the Jaina way of life. The wide range of topics covered in this compilation range from simplistic to in-depth analysis. Yet, there is something for everyone to learn and practice in each of these scholarly articles. We are very grateful to Dr. Kumarpalbhai Desai for his efforts in editing this compilation. We are also very grateful to all authors who agreed to contribute to this work, which I am sure will serve as a great reference to all students of Jainism. The subjects covered in this book range from Jaina philosophy to the relevance and practical application of Jainism in today's environment. The articles have very effectively deliberated upon the relevant topics which present a very practical view. The more we read it, the clearer our thoughts become. This is a part of SMJV's efforts in inspiring the jainas to get a better grasp of their beliefs and for the non-jainas to learn about jainism. In this present socioeconomic turmoil across the globe, coupled with changing lifestyles, fast paced life and stressed individuals, and anxiety driven culture, Jainism offers a way for peaceful coexistence, stress deescalation and overall prosperity. The concept of Ahimsa and Aparigraha, if imbibed in their true sense, can bring out the all round development in society. As a believer and follower of Jainism over nine decades, I have experienced peace and tranquility around me, despite being immersed in the complexities of business and family. I wish to encourage the younger generation to learn and practice these tenets of Jainism which will not only make them successful but also a better individuals. I do not wish to advertise my faith but certainly wish to stress that it is one of the better alternatives in improving the quality of life. The present book is an objective commentary on Jaina Philosophy. The studies thoughts expressed in each article are compelling enugh to seek more knowledge in these areas as well as source of immense knowledge and inspiration one needs to link this to his or her own life and circumstances and evaluate on how he or she can benefit from this. I am sure there is something for each one of us to learn from here. I wish you happy reading and hope you enjoy this presentation from SMJV. - Kirtilal K. Doshi [VIII)

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yugavIra AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAja

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saMpAdakanuM nivedana yugavIra AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanI samAjonnatinI zubha bhAvanA tathA pratApI preraNAthI AjathI ekaso varSa pUrve sarjAyelI saMsthA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya enA zatAbdI varSamAM pravezI rahI che, tyAre A mahotsavanI yAdagIrI rUpe enI paraMparA mujaba graMthaprakAzana karavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM ane te saMdarbhamAM sAhitya, caritra, nibaMdha ane ciMtananI lekhasAmagrI dharAvato eno prathama bhAga prasiddha karavAmAM Avyo, jyAre eno zikSaNa, saMzodhana, vivecana ane tattvaciMtananI lekhasAmagrI dharAvato A bIjo bhAga paNa pragaTa thaI rahyo che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye enA pacIsamA varSe "rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha', pacAsamA varSe suvarNa mahotsava graMtha ane paMcoteramA varSe "amRta mahotsava smRtigraMtha' pragaTa karyA hatA. A graMthonI vizeSatA e rahI ke emAM samAjanA agraNI sarjako, saMzodhako ane vicArakonA lekho saMgRhIta karavAmAM Ave che, je bhaviSyanI AvanArI peDhIne enA abhyAsamAM, saMzodhanamAM ane jJAnavRddhimAM upayogI banI rahe che. e paraMparAmAM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA zatAbdI mahotsava prasaMgane anulakSIne Aje A be graMtha prakAzita thaI rahyA che. A bIjA bhAgamAM saMzodhako ane vidvAnonA betAlIsa jeTalA lekho samAvavAmAM AvyA che. e sarva vidvAnonA ame AbhArI chIe. ApaNA prasiddha saMzodhaka zrI hariprasAda zAstrI ane prakAMDa vidvAna nagInabhAI jI. zAhe nAdurasta tabiyate paNa A graMthane mATe lekho ApyA hatA, jeo Aje graMtha-prakAzana samaye ApaNI vacce nathI, tenI sakheda noMdha laIe chIe. - zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI eka paraMparA rahI che ke e enA dareka mahattvanA prasaMge samRddha sAhitya ane vicArasAmagrI Apato graMtha pragaTa kare che ane e rIte A sarasvatImaMdira sahune sarasvatIno prasAda vaheMce che. e jJAnAbhimukha gauravabharI paraMparA atyAre paNa jaLavAI rahI che teno AnaMda che. potAnA samayanA yugadharmane pArakhanAra ane AvatA yugane vikAsanI dRSTie jonAra krAMtadraSTA AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAje eka zatAbdI pUrve vicAryuM ke jo jainakuTuMba ke jainasamAje saMskArI, cAritryazIla ane dharmasaMpanna haze, to ja jaina dharma ane zrIsaMgha vadhu prabhAvazALI banaze. AcAryapravara zrI vijayavallabhasUrijI A paristhiti vidAravA mATe avirata puruSArtha karatA hatA. enA phaLarUpe emanI preraNAthI sarjAyelA vyAvahArika ane dhArmika keLavaNInA subhaga samanvayathI suvAsita evAM vidyAmaMdiro ane sevAsaMsthAo Aje jovA maLe che. yugadarzI AcAryazrInA manamAM satata eka ja vAta ghoLAtI hatI ke, jainazAsananI vRddhi mATe jaina vizvavidyAlaya nAme eka saMsthA sthApita thAya ke jemAM pratyeka jaina zikSita thAya; ane dharmane bAdha na Ave evI rIte rAjyAdhikAramAM jainono vadhAro thAya. pariNAme badhA jaina zikSita thAya ane emane bhUkhanuM duHkha na rahe. zAsanadeva mArI A badhI bhAvanAone saphaLa kare e ja huM icchuM chuM." (vi.saM. 2009, muMbaI) [X].

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yugadraSTA AcAryazrI mAtra bhAvanAnuM darzana karIne itizrI mAne tema nahotA. emane to emanI bhAvanAne vAstavanI dharatI para sAkAra karavI hatI. lakSmImaMdirone badale have sarasvatImaMdiro sarjIne AvatI peDhIne ane jainasamAjane vidyAnA prakAzathI dIptimaMta karavo hato. emaNe joyuM ke gAmaDAM ke nAnAM zaheromAM vasatA tejasvI jaina vidyArthIone muMbaI jevA zaheramAM rahIne ucca abhyAsa karavAnuM ati muzkela bane che. A tejasvI jJAnapipAsu vidyArthIone uccazikSaNamAM AgaLa vadhavuM che, paraMtu zaheramAM rahIne eno kharco uThAvI zake tema nathI. AvI jarUriyAtavALA vidyArthIo ane vidyArthinIone Arthika temaja bIjI savalato ApIne emano uccazikSaNano abhyAsa nirvighna cAle tevo vicAra AcAryazrIe pragaTa karyo. rUDhibaddha evA samAje eno virodha karyo. doSadarzI lokone kyAM muddA zodhavA javA paDe tema che ? paraMtu krAMtadraSTA AcAryazrI ane jAgrata ane vicArazIla AgevAnoe maLIne eka saMsthAnA sarjananI kalpanA karI ane ene pariNAme vi.saM. 1919nA cAturmAsa daramiyAna munirAja zrI vallabhavijayajIe jainasamAjanI UcharatI peDhI uccazikSaNamAM anya samAjothI pAchaLa na rahI jAya e mATe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI sthApanA karavAnI preraNA ApI. bhAyakhalA lavalena, tArAbAgamAM bhADAnA gharamAM paMdara vidyArthIo sAthe I. sa. 1914nI bIjI eprila(vi. saM. 1970nI phAgaNa sudI pAMcama) ne somavAre eno maMgala prAraMbha thayo. A maMgala prAraMbha sAthe AcAryazrIe A saMsthAnuM nAma koI vyaktivizeSane badale tIrthakara bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra svAmInA nAma para rAkhyuM. Ama A saMsthAno prAraMbha krAMtadraSTA AcAryanI preraNAthI ane eno vikAsa enA saMniSTha kAryakarothI thayo. vaDamAMthI jema vaDavAIo pragaTe te rIte Aje A saMsthA vizALa rUpa pAmI che. A graMtha prakAzanamAM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA pramukha zrI kIrtilAlabhAI dozIno sadA dRSTipUrNa ane utsAhabharyo sahakAra sAMpaDyo che, e ja rIte saMsthAnA maMtrIo sarvazrI zrIkAMta esa. vasA, subodharatna sI. gAraDI, aruNa bI. zAhe paNa A kAryamAM satata sahayoga Apyo che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA zatAbdI mahotsava samaye jemano zatAbdI utsava UjavavAnI sahu koIne hoMza hatI evA saMsthAnA pUrva pramukha AdaraNIyazrI dIpacaMdabhAI gArDanI khoTa saMsthA ane sahu koI anubhave che. emanA jIvanakAryane aMjali Apato "mAnavatAnI maheka' nAmano eka lekha A graMthamAM mUkyo che. A graMtha mATe kalAmaya citro upalabdha karI ApanAra zrI kIrtilAlabhAI dozI tathA kobAnA zrI mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendramAM AvelA zrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdiranA ame RNI chIe. AzA rAkhuM chuM ke A graMtha zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI sAhitya, saMzodhana ane tattvadarzananI prasAranI viziSTa pravRttinuM eka UjaLuM pRSTha banI raheze. tA. 1-1-2015 - kumArapALa desAI

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1. yuvAnomAM mUlyajAgRti 3. 2. jainadarzanamAM paramANu-vijJAna zrI vijayasenasUri-prasAdita be dastAvejI mUlya dharAvatA patro 4. yogabiMdu - TIkA aMge thoDuMka ciMtana 5. jainadarzanamAM jJAna-darzananI samasyA 6. 7. bhAratIya pratimAvidhAna jainadarzanamAM karmavAda 8. jainadarzana H eka adbhuta vijJAna 9. prAcIna bhAratanI jaina hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA anukrama 10. sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri 11. jainaAgamanAM AkarSaka tattvo 12. AcArya mahAprajJanI sAhityasRSTi 13. madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 14. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM jaina sAhityamAM yogadAna 15. jaina rAmAyaNa ane bhIla rAmAyaNa 16. briTanamAM jaina dharma 17. 'nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna (maMcanakalAnI dRSTie) 18. amadAvAdanA vikAsamAM jaina zreSThionuM pradAna 19. kalpasUtra 20. jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo 25. jainadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga 26. sAdharmika vAtsalya 27. videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato 1 AcArya vijayaratnasuMdarasUrIzvarajI AcArya zrI vijayanaMdighoSasUrijI ma. 7 [XI] AcArya vijayazIlacaMdrasUrIzvarajI pU. muni trailokyamaMDanavijaya nagInabhAI zAha hariprasAda zAstrI dhIrajalAla mahetA DaoN. sudhIra zAha bhAratIbahena zelata sunaMdAbahena vohorA guNavaMta baravALiyA razmi jhaverI kAMtibhAI bI. zAha sudhA niraMjana paMDyA bhagavAnadAsa paTela vinoda kapAsI 21. vartamAna samayamAM jaina-saMskAranuM mahattva 22. bhAratanA be mahAna jyotirdharo 23. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI : samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi gautama paTela 24. jaina yoga ane pAtaMjala yoga razmi bhedA niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA rohita zAha kalpanAbahena zeTha maheza caMpakalAla DaoN. mANeka paTela 'setu' kumArapALa desAI kanubhAI ela. zAha chAyAbahena zAha svAmI zrI nikhelezvarAnaMdajI >= " " " Ta 27 1962 % 121 128 136 148 152 160 171 177 181 195 204 215 222

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235 28. sacitra jaina hastaprato Ara. TI. sAvaliyA 223 29. jaina pUjA-vidhi pAchaLa rahelI bhAvanAsRSTi phAlganI jhaverI 239 30. AvatIkAlanAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendro pravINabhAI sI. zAha 240 31. pUjya guru vallabha va mahAvIra vidyAlaya bhAvArya zrI vinanityAnandra sUri 254 32. anekAnta kI vyApakatA dayAnanda bhArgava 257 33. sallekhanA ke pariprekSya meM kaSAya vijaya kA manovaijJAnika mahattva zekharacaMdra jaina 34. paMjAba meM jaina dharma kA udbhava, prabhAva aura vikAsa mahendrakumAra masta 273 35. Universal Relevance of Jain Religion. N. P. Jain 282 36. Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century Dawoodbhai Ghanchi 37. Education In Jainism Hemant Shah 38. Creativity in Management Pradip Khandwala 305 39. Identification of two Jain Bronzes Shridhar Andhare 314 40. Jainism and Quantum Mechanics Kokila Shah 318 41. Jain Diaspora Dilip Shah 298 327 [XI]

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yuvAnomAM mUlya jAgRti * koI paNa samAja mATe tenA yuvAno eka kAryakArI zaktinA rUpamAM che. eka evI zaktinA rUpamAM ke je sAmAjika mUlyo ane AdarzonI prApti temaja jALavaNI mATe eka prabhAvazALI sAdhana banI samAjane pragatinA patha para laI jAya che. samAjamAM zAzvata mAnavIya mUlyonI jALavaNI temaja saMvardhana mATe yuvAzaktinI sakriyatA atyaMta jarUrI che. A saMdarbhamAM samAja para eka viziSTa javAbadArI Ave che ke jo te potAnA sAmAjika-sAMskRtika mALakhAne mAnavIya mUlyo para AdhArita banAvI rAkhavA mAMgato hoya to te potAnA yuvAno upara vizeSa dhyAna Ape. A bAbate eka vAta para prakAza pADavA cAhIza ke UrjA ane yuvAna e baMne vacce eka bAbate samAnatA joI zakAya che. je rIte UrjAno aniyaMtrita ane aniyojita prayoga visphoTa pedA kare che tathA niyaMtrita ane niyojita prayoga prakAza pedA kare che e ja rIte samAjanI yuvA zaktino paNa aniyaMtrita ane aniyojita upayoga samAjamAM visphoTaka svarUpa dhAraNa kare che tathA niyaMtrita ane niyojita upayoga sarjanAtmaka svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. Aje dezamAM yuvAzaktino saMpUrNa rIte niyaMtrita temaja niyojita upayoga na thaI zakavAnA kAraNe ja naksalavAda, aparAdha, AtaMkavAda jevI pravRttio tIvra gatithI vadhI rahI che. spaSTa che ke jeTalA aMze ApaNe yuvAzaktino yogya upayoga karIzuM eTalA aMze samAja pragatizIla banaze tathA samAjamAM zAMti, sadbhAva, sadAcAra temaja baMdhutAnuM vAtAvaraNa sthApita thaze. prazna e che ke yuvAnono niyaMtrita temaja niyojita upayoga karavA mATe samAje zuM karavuM joIe ? yuvAzakti zAMti, ahiMsA, AcAryazrI vijaya ratnasuMdara sUrIzvarajI

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AcAryazrI vijaya ratnasuMdarasUrIzvarajI nyAya, karuNA, sadbhAva, sadAcAra jevAM sAmAjika mUlyonA amalIkaraNanA vAhaka bane e mATe samAje zuM karavuM joIe ? prazna e paNa che ke samAjamAM azAMti, anyAya, bhedabhAva ane durAcAra jevAM dUSaNono khAtmo bolAvI de evI hakArAtmaka-racanAtmaka zaktinA rUpamAM yuvAnone DhALavA mATe samAje zuM karavuM joIe. ahIM e prazna uThAvavo paNa vAjabI gaNAze ke atyAre yuvAzaktinA upayoga mATe je kaMI paNa thaI rahyuM che enI sArthakatA, upayogitA ane prabhAvazIlatA keTalI che ? yuvAzaktinA racanAtmaka upayoga mATe je kAMI paNa kAryo ke prayatno thaI rahyA che temAM kayAM parivartana lAvavA jarUrI che ke jethI yuvAzaktine vidhvaMsAtmaka dizAmAM javAthI aTakAvI zakAya ? A prazno atyaMta jaTila che ane tenA vAstavika temaja vyAvahArika uttaro zodhavA mATe aneka prakAranAM abhyAsa ane saMzodhananI jarUriyAta che. tema chatAM, A praznonA uttara saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa temaja paddhatine spaSTa karavAno prayatna karI zakAya. A saMbaMdhamAM sauprathama to samAje sarvasaMmatithI e nirdhArita karavuM joIe ke mUlyo zuM che ane tenI aMdara zAno samAveza karI zakAya. nizcitapaNe zAzvata mAnavIya mUlyonI bAbate lagabhaga vizvanA dareka samAjo, dharmo ane saMskRtiomAM eka prakAranI samAnatA jovA maLe che. ahiMsA, satya, zIla, sadbhAva, sadAcAra, saMskAra, sahiSNutA, sAdagI, saMyama, zAMti, sevA, baMdhutA, naitikatA, pavitratA, ImAnadArI, vaphAdArI, paropakAra, karuNA, dayA, kSamA vagere jevAM mAnavIya mUlyone vizvanA lagabhaga dareka samAjo svIkRti Ape che. A evAM mUlyo che jenA para koI samAja jeTalo tIvratAthI cAlyo che eTalI ja tIvratAthI e samAja pragati sAdhavAmAM paNa saphaLa rahyo che. itihAsanA anubhavone dhyAnamAM laIne evuM paNa kahI zakAya ke je samAja A mUlyone caritArtha karavAmAM saphaLa rahyo e samAja TakI paNa gayo ane vikAsa paNa karI gayo. jyAre A mUlyothI viparIta janAro samAja TUMkA ke lAMbA gALe patanazIla thaI gayo. itihAsanA anubhavo A mUlyonI mahattA ane anivAryatA sAme lAve che to samAjanA buddhijIvI, dUradarzI ane sevAbhAvI sajjano temaja ciMtako A mUlyone spaSTa samarthana Ape che. AthI ApaNI samakSa e muddo Ubho thAya che ke A mUlyo tarapha yuvApeDhIne kaI rIte jAgrata karavI ? yuvApeDhInA AcAra-vicAramAM A mUlyonI pratiSThA kaI rIte karavI? " inphormezana ane kamyunikezana TeknolojInA prabhAvathI janmelI krAMti ane parivartananA A vAtAvaraNamAM aneka yuvAno rAha bhaTakI rahyA che. aneka yuvAno game te bhoge jaladIthI dhanavAna banI javAnAM sapanAM joI potAne A mUlyothI viparIta dizAmAM laI jaI rahyA che. samAjano eka bhAga svayaM bhraSTAcAra, anIti ane durAcArane svIkRti Apato hoya evuM dekhAya che. samAjano A bhAga svayaM zarAba pIvAne zAna samajavA lAgyo che. samAjamAM keTalAya loko evA che je svayaM naitikatAnA Adarzone tAka para rAkhI bhautikatAnA gulAma banI rahyA che. spardhAnA yugamAM sahakAranuM koI sthAna dekhAtuM nathI ane spardhAmAM vijayI thavA mATe aneka loko AcAra-vicAranA nItiniyamo neve mUkI AMdhaLI doTa mUkI rahyA che. eka saMta tarIke A badhuM joI hatAzAthI bharAI jAuM chuM. paraMtu jyAre mArI dRSTi yuvAno upara paDe che to AzAnuM eka virATa kiraNa mArA hRdayamAM janme che. evo ahesAsa thAya che ke A yuvAno ja bhaviSyanI AzA che. A yuvAnone ja evI rIte

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yuvAnomAM mUlya jAgRti ghaDavAmAM Ave ane evI rIte temane nizcita dizA ApavAmAM Ave ke je samAjamAM uparokta mUlyonI vAstavika pratiSThA kare. Aje samAja samakSa sauthI moTo paDakAra e ja che ke AzAnA kiraNa samA A yuvAnone kaI rIte mUlyo pratye jAgrata karavA? A saMbaMdhamAM samAja pAse sauthI agatyanAM traNa sAdhano che je yuvAnone mUlya tarapha jAgrata paNa karI zake ane temane mUlyo tarapha vALI paNa zake. A traNa sAdhano che - zikSaNavyavasthA, parivAravyavasthA ane vivAhavyavasthA. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM je svarUpe A traNeya vyavasthAnI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI che e ja svarUpe jo A traNeya vyavasthA sakriya thAya to yuvAnone mUlya tarapha jAgrata karavAmAM nizcitapaNe saphaLatA prApta thaI zake. A sAthe ja rAjyavyavasthA ane vahIvaTI vyavasthA dvArA zikSaNa, parivAra ane vivAhanI vyavasthAnAM mUlyone rakSaNa, poSaNa ane protsAhana apAya to A saphaLatAne sthAyI banAvI zakAya. A saMbaMdhamAM sarvaprathama zikSaNavyavasthAne mUlyothI joDavAnuM eka navuM ja sAmAjika-zaikSaNika AMdolana zarU karavuM jarUrI che. vartamAna zikSaNavyavasthA ekAMgI svarUpa dharAve che. A zikSaNavyavasthA phakta "kArakirdI-kendrita' (career oriented) che ane cAritranirmANa (character building) sAthe tene koI khAsa levA-devA nathI. ullekhanIya che ke cAritrya ja zikSaNanuM mukhya phaLa (product) che jyAre kArakirdI A zikSaNanuM upa-phaLa (by product) che. zikSaNano uddeza sAkSaratAnI sAthosAtha saMskAranirmANa paNa hovo jarUrI che. paraMtu pazcimI vicAra-daSTinA aMdhAnukaraNanA pariNAme Aje dezanI zikSaNavyavasthAnI A durdazA thaI che ke zikSaNa kArakirdI-kendrita che, nahIM ke cAritra-kendrita. A durdazA eTalI vistRta ane gahana che ke enI samApti mATe eka virATa sAmAjika AMdolananI tAtI jarUriyAta che. AvA eka sAmAjika AMdolana dvArA samAja pote rAjyaniyaMtraNa ane rAjyasaMcAlita zikSaNa vyavasthAne navI dizA ApavAnuM kArya hAthamAM le. nAgarika samAjanAM pAramArthika ane sevAbhAvI tattvo jyAM sudhI A rIte zikSaNavyavasthA para dhyAna ApavAnuM zarU nahIM kare tyAM sudhI yuvAnone mUlyonI dizAmAM jAgrata karavA kaThina che. Aje dareka skUlamAM bhaNatAM bALako mATe eka "mUlyazikSaNa' ApanAro viziSTa abhyAsakrama ghaDavo jarUrI banI gayo che. A abhyAsakrama evA svarUpano hovo joIe ke jemAM meLavelA mArkasanA AdhAre ja vidyArthIne uttIrNa ke anuttIrNa karavAmAM Ave. A abhyAsakrama saiddhAMtika (theoretical) hovAnI sAthosAtha vyAvahArika (practical) paNa hovo jarUrI che. A sAthe ja zikSaNavyavasthAmAM zikSakonI bharatI temaja prazikSaNanI evI vyavasthA vikasita karavI joIe jethI jJAnavAnanI sAthosAtha cAritryavAna hoya evA ja zikSako skUlomAM sAmela thaI zake. jo zikSakanuM jIvana ja ucca mUlyo ane Adarzone caritArtha karanAruM haze to svAbhAvikapaNe vidyArthIo paNa A mUlyo tarapha jAgrata thaze temaja e dizAmAM sakriya paNa thaze. manovaijJAnika kahe che ke eka nAnA bALaka para mAtA-pitA pachI sauthI vadhu prabhAva zikSakano paDato hoya che. samAje AvA zikSakonI zodha karavI paDaze ane temane yathocita surakSA, sanmAna temaja zaikSaNika stare sattA ApavI paDaze.

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AcAryazrI vijaya ratnasuMdarasUrIzvarajI cAritryanA stare je apekSA zikSaka pAse huM rAkhI rahyo chuM evI ja apekSA mAtA-pitA pAse paNa che. koI paNa bALakanI prathama guru mAtA che. mATe mAtA-pitA baMnee potAnA jIvanane e rIte DhALavuM paDaze ke jethI bALakone mUlyo pratye AkarSaNa jAge. A AkarSaNa ja AgaLa jatAM bALakanA svabhAvanuM aMga banI jaze tathA e bALaka yuvAna thaI sAmAjika mUlyonI pratiSThAno vAhaka banI zakaze. udAharaNa devAnI jarUra nathI ke zivAjI, vivekAnaMda, gAMdhIjI vagere jevA yuvAna mUlyarakSakonAM mAtA-pitAnuM jIvana yathArthamAM sAmAjika AdarzonI abhivyakti samuM hatuM. samagra vizvamAM sAmAjika sthAyitva, pragatizIlatA ane jIvaMtatA evA samAjonI vizeSatA rahI che je samAjoe potAne tyAM vivAhavyavasthA ane parivAravyavasthAne sArvabhaumika svIkRti pradAna karI. Aje paNa bhAratanI sAmAjika vyavasthAnA ekIkRta mALakhAno mULabhUta AdhAra A baMne vyavasthAo ja che. sAmAjika vyavasthAnI jALavaNImAM rAjyano kAyado je prabhAva na pADI zake, rAjyanI lazkarI tAkAta je sAmAjika zAMti na sthApI zake evI vyavasthA ane zAMtinI sthApanAmAM parivAravyavasthA ane vivAha- vyavasthA saphaLa rahI che tathA AgaLa vadhI rahI zake che. Aje amerikana samAja, yuropiyana samAja vagere sAmAjika vikhaMDananA dorano sAmano karI rahyA che. talAkanA vadhatA keso, liva ina rilezanazipanI vadhatI pravRtti, talAkazudA parivAronAM bALakonI jiMdagI barabAda thavI vagere jevI pravRttio sAmAjika vikhaMDanane protsAhana ApI rahI che. bhAratamAM paNa pazcimI aMdhAnukaraNanI doTanA pariNAme AvI pravRttiono phelAvo vadhI rahyo che ane samAjamAM vikhaMDanakArI pravRttio baLavAna banI rahI che. AvI pravRttione rokI vivAhavyavasthA ane pArivArika vyavasthAne rakSaNa temaja poSaNa ApavAnI tAtI jarUriyAta che. ahIM ja rAjyavyavasthAnI eka racanAtmaka bhUmikAnI jarUriyAta UbhI thAya che. rAjyavyavasthA dvArA evA kAyadA ghaDI amalamAM lAvavA jarUrI che je samAjamAM vivAha ane parivAranA sthAyitva temaja sAtatyane protsAhana Ape. pahelAM evI kAyadAkIya sthiti hatI ke vivAhanI Ayu ane vivAha-pUrva saMsarganI Ayu eka na hovAnA kAraNe samAjamAM vyabhicAra ane vivAha-pUrva saMsarga jevAM dUSaNo vadhI rahyAM hatAM. paraMtu hAlamAM ja sarakAra dvArA mahilA ane puruSanA saMsarga mATenI Ayu ane vivAhanI Ayune samAna banAvavAno kAyado ghaDavAmAM Avyo che. AvA prakAranA kAyadAonuM svAgata thavuM joIe ane tene vadhu majabUtIthI lAgu karavAnAM pagalAMo levAM joIe. samAjamAM jema-jema vivAhavyavasthA ane parivAravyavasthA majabUta banaze tema tema sahiSNutA, vaphAdArI, baMdhutA jevAM sAmAjika mUlyone svameLe protsAhana maLatuM thaze. samAja to ja sabhya samAjanA rUpamAM TakI zake jyAre te pote banAvelI maryAdAonA pAlana mATe taiyAra hoya. vivAhavyavasthA ane parivAra vyavasthA baMne AvI ja sAmAjika maryAdAonuM pratinidhitva kare che ane A maryAdAonA pAlananuM kSetra jo vadhatuM jAya to yuvAnonA jIvanamAM mUlyanI pratiSThA paNa e ja pramANamAM vadhatI jaze. Aje svataMtratAnA nAme je rIte jaMgalI svarUpanI svacchaMdatAne poSaNa apAI rahyuM che e samAja mATe atyaMta ghAtaka puravAra thaI zake che. amerikA ane yuropamAM vadhatA sAmAjika vikhaMDananuM

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yuvAnomAM mUlyajAgRti eka kAraNa AvI jaMgalI svacchaMdatA ja che. jaMgalI svarUpanI svacchaMdatAnuM ja eka pariNAma bhRNahatyA che; bIjuM, vadhatA baLAtkAranA keso che; trIjuM, vadhatA aparAdho che. A yAdIne vadhu lAMbI banAvI zakAya che. paraMtu kahevAno bhAva e ja che ke svataMtratA svacchaMdatA na bane e mATe sAmAjika maryAdAnA AdhAre svataMtratAne paNa eka mAnavIya maryAdAmAM ja svIkRti ApavI joIe. yuvAnone mUlya tarapha vALavAnA sAmAjika pakSane spaSTa karyA pachI tenA rAjakIya pakSane samajavAno prayatna karIe. rAjyavyavasthA samAjamAM zAMti, surakSA, sthiratA ane kalyANa mATe javAbadAra che. rAjyanuM e prAthamika kartavya che ke te samAjamAM zAMti ane vyavasthA jALavI rAkhe temaja darekane potAnA vikAsanA pUratA avasaro pradAna kare. rAjyanAM A kartavyonI pUrti mATe ja eka vizALa vahIvaTI vyavasthA vikasAvavAmAM Ave che. ApaNe tyAM rAjakIya lokazAhI to sthApita thaI che paraMtu sAmAjika-sAMskRtika lokazAhInI avagaNanA thaI rahI che. lokazAhI zAsanavyavasthA dareka vyaktinA kalyANa temaja sazaktIkaraNane samarpita hoya che. dareka vyaktinuM kalyANa temaja sazaktIkaraNa tyAre ja saMbhavita banI zake jyAre samagra sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa zAMtidAyaka temaja vikAsadAyaka hoya. jo vyaktinA AcAra-vicAranuM dhyAna rAkhavAnI javAbadArI vyaktinI potAnI hovAnI sAthosAtha samAjanI paNa che to vyaktinA AcAra-vicAra ane sAmAjika mUlyone anurUpa vAtAvaraNa pradAna karavAnI javAbadArI rAjyavyavasthAnI che. vyaktinA AcaraNane tenA vicAranuM pariNAma gaNI zakAya to vyaktinA vicArane tenA vAtAvaraNanuM pariNAma gaNI zakAya. A dRSTie vicArIe to rAjyavyavasthA ja samAjanA vAtAvaraNanI nirmAtA, niyaMtraka ane nirdhAraka hoya che. lobha-lAlaca, krodha, asvastha spardhA, svArthapaNA jevAM tattvone protsAhana ApatuM vAtAvaraNa samAjamAM azAMti, vikhaMDana ane avyavasthA UbhI kare che. jyAre sahakAra, sevA, saMyama jevAM tattvone poSatuM vAtAvaraNa samAjamAM zAMti, ekIkaraNa ane vyavasthAne protsAhita kare che. rAjyavyavasthA para e javAbadArI che ke te eka evA vAtAvaraNane protsAhana Ape jemAM zAMti, ekIkaraNa ne vyavasthA AgaLa vadhe. AvA vAtAvaraNanA vikAsa mATe rAjyanI bhUmikAne punarparibhASita karavAnI jarUriyAta che. je rIte Aje rAjyane "sAmAjika parivartana'nuM eka sAdhana mAnavAmAM Ave che e ja rIte rAjyane "zAzvata mAnavIya mulyonA rakSaNanuM sAdhana paNa banAvavAmAM Ave. dezanA baMdhAraNamAM je rIte sAMskRtika mUlyone sAmela karavAmAM AvyAM che te mUlyonA rakSaNa mATe rAjyavyavasthA dvArA vizeSa prayatnonI eka hAramALA zarU karavAmAM Ave. yuvAno rAjakIya netRtva pAsethI mUlyonI zIkha meLavI zake e mATe rAjakIya jIvanane yathAzakya svaccha banAvavAnI javAbadArI samAja pote saMbhALI le. bhAratanI lokazAhI dezanA lokone ja e sattA Ape che ke koNa rAjyavyavasthA saMbhALe ane koNa rAjyasattAnI bahAra rahe. samAja pote A sattAno upayoga karI rAjyavyavasthAmAM svaccha, cAritryavAna ane sevAbhAvI lokone AgaLa lAvI zake che. jo dezanuM rAjakIya netRtva AvA guNonuM svAmI bane to yuvAnone mUlyo tarapha jAgrata karavAnI prakriyA vadhu tIvra banI zake. spaSTa che ke rAjyavyavasthA paNa samAjanA AdhAre saMcAlita thAya che ane A saMdarbhamAM samAje ekIkRta thaI gaMbhIratAthI vicAraNA karavAnI jarUriyAta che.

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AcAryazrI vijaya ratnasuMdarasUrIzvarajI yuvAnone mUlya tarapha vALavAnI uparokta samagra yojanA eka mAnasika citranA rUpamAM che ane AnA keTalAye pakSo hoI zake che. paraMtu mULabhUta vAta to e ja raheze ke samAjanI zikSaNavyavasthA, parivAravyavasthA, vivAhavyavasthA, rAjyavyavasthA ane vahIvaTavyavasthA ema pAMceya vyavasthAnAM yogya samanvaya, sakriyatA temaja saphaLatAthI ja yuvAnone mUlyonI dizAmAM jAgrata banAvI zakAze. A kAryamAM Adhunika TekanolojIno sadupayoga atyaMta phaLadAyI nIvaDI zake che. je inphormezana enDa kamyunikezana TekanolojI Aje yuvAnone mUlyothI vimukha temaja ekAMgI banAvI rahI che e ja TeknolojI temane mUlyo tarapha jAgrata karavAmAM temaja yuvAnomAM mUlyonI pratiSThA karavAmAM sahAyaka banI zake che. A bAbate dilhImAM Disembara, 2012mAM thayelA baLAtkAra virodhI svayaMspharta jana AMdolanano ullekha karI zakAya. A AMdolanamAM TekanolojIno upayoga karI samAjamAM zIla, sadAcAra, saMskAranI rakSA kAje dezanI sarakAra para dabANa lAvavAmAM joradAra saphaLatA prApta thayelI. A dabANanA pariNAme ja sarakAra baLAtkAra virodhI kAyado lAvavA mATe bAdhya thaI. A AMdolanamAM TekanolojIno upayoga karIne ja janatAne saMgaThita temaja sakriya banAvavAmAM AvelI. kahI zakAya ke TekanaoNlojI potAnAmAM eka taTastha bAbata che ane teno sarjanAtmaka ke vidhvaMsAtmaka upayoga karI zakAya che. Aje keTalAka loko inphormezana enDa komyunikezana TekanolojIthI eTale DarI rahyA che ke tenAthI bALako, kizoro ane yuvAno ADI dizAmAM bhaTakI jAya che. paraMtu mAruM kahevuM che ke yuvAnonuM ADI dizAmAM javAnuM kAraNa A TekanolojI jeTalI che enAthI vadhu yuvAnonI mUlya-vimukhatA che. jo yuvAno mUlyo para AdhArita jIvana apanAvIne cAle to A ja TekanaoNlojI temane sarjanAtmaka banAvI zake che ane ADA raste cAlavAnA sthAne temanA potAnA lakSya para tvaritapaNe pahoMcADI zake che. vyaktitvanA saMbaMdhamAM TekanolojI to eka bAhya bAbata che je AMtarika baLa arthAt AtmabaLanI kamajorInA pariNAme vyakti para hAvI banI jAya che ane vyaktine AMDI dizAe dorI jAya che. eka mUlya-AdhArita vyaktitvanuM nirmANa ane vikAsa thaI gayA bAda TekanolojI e vyaktine nahIM dore paraMtu TekanolojIne ja e vyakti dizA Apaze. A rIte yuvAnone mUlya tarapha jo jAgrata ane sakriya banAvI devAze to TekanaoNlojI janita sAmAjika dUSaNo para niyaMtraNa prApta karavuM AsAna thaI jaze. vizvamAM bhAratIya samAjanI eka anokhI chApa rahI che jenuM mukhya kAraNa Arthika ke lazkarI siddhi nahIM paraMtu mUlyo ane AdarzonI siddhi che. A kAraNe bhAratIya samAje to uparokta yojanAnuM yathocita amalIkaraNa karI yuvAnone mUlyo tarapha jAgrata karavA atyaMta jarUrI che. A jAgratatAthI ja bhArata potAnI AgavI oLakha banAvI rAkhI zakaze tathA A bAbate samagra vizvano mArgadarzaka paNa banI zakaze.

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ra AcAryazrI vijayanaMdighoSa sUrIzvarajI jainadarzanamAM paramANu-vijJAna eka rIte to vijJAna ane adhyAtma, baMne eka sikkAnI ja be bAju che. chatAM eka vAta spaSTa rIte khyAlamAM rAkhavAnI ke vijJAnanI duniyAmAM kazuM ja aMtima satya nathI. jyAre adhyAtmanI duniyAmAM aMtima satya ja mukhya vastu che. vijJAna kyAreya saMpUrNa ke aMtima satya pAmI zakatuM nathI. hA, e aMtima athavA to saMpUrNa satyanI vadhu najIkamAM najIka jaI zake che. aMtima satya pAmavA mATe vijJAnanAM atyAdhunika upakaraNo paNa binaupayogI ane binakAryakSama puravAra thAya che kema ke tyAM AtmAnA jJAnarUpI upakaraNano ja upayoga anivArya bane ane A jJAnarUpI sAdhana adhyAtmamArga vinA upalabdha ja nathI. tethI vizvanA TocanA bhautikazAstrIo paNa vizvanA sakaLa padArthonA guNadharma ane brahmAMDanI saMracanA tathA anya paribaLono gaNita ane vijJAnanI madadathI tAga pAmavA prayatna kare che ane e prayatnonA aMte paNa A vizvanA saMcAlaka baLanI zaktinuM rahasya hAtha na AvatAM, teo Izvara ke karma jevI koI adazya sattAno svIkAra kare che. A ja kAraNe bhUtakALanA DaoN. AinsTAina, DaoN. penahAimara jevA prakhara vijJAnIo tathA vartamAna kALanA DaoN. abadussalAma AjhAda, DaoN. haragoviMda khorAnA, DaoN. helIsa oDAbAsI jevA vijJAnIo IzvaramAM zraddhA dharAve che. temanI zraddhA koI eka dharma ke saMpradAyagata hotI nathI. eTale ke aMdhazraddhA nahi paNa vizALa arthamAM dharma uparanI buddhijanita niSpakSa zraddhA hoya che ane satyano svIkAra e AvI zraddhAnuM agatyanuM lakSaNa

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AcAryazrI vijayanaMdighoSasUrIzvarajI che. tethI ja DaoN. helIsa oDAbAsI jevA vijJAnI pote muslima hovA chatAM, teoe potAnA "Atomic Structure" pustakanA pahelA prakaraNanI zarUAtamAM kahyuM che ke : 8 The idea that all matter consists of aggregate of large numbers of relatively few kinds of fundamental particles is an old one. Traces of it are found in Indian philosophy about twelve centuries before Christian Era." jyAre AvA pragatizIla vijJAnI ema kahetA hoya ke tattvajJAnamAM raheluM che, tyAre ApaNA dezanA vijJAnIoe A dharavuM joIe. A aNuvijJAnanuM mULa bhAratIya dizAmAM agatyanuM saMzodhana hAtha prAcIna jaina dharmagraMthomAM jaNAvyA pramANe cha mULabhUta dravyo che H 1. jIva, 2. dharma, 3. adharma, 4. AkAza, 5. kALa ane 6. pudgala. A cha dravyomAMthI dharma, adharma ane AkAza saMpUrNapaNe amUrta che eTale ke raMga, gaMdha, sparza, 2sa ane AkAra rahita che. jyAre jIva dravya pudgalanA saMyogathI mUrtatva prApta kare che. bAkI zuddha Atmadravya paNa amUrta eTale ke niraMjana nirAkAra che. jaina dArzanikoe samaya/kALane paNa eka dravya mAnyuM che, e jainadarzananI vizeSatA che. te paNa amUrta che, mAtra kAryathI tenuM anumAna thaI zake che. TUMkamAM, A samagra brahmAMDanI dareka cIjavastu pachI te sUkSma hoya ke skUla hoya, dRzya hoya ke adRzya hoya, anubhavagamya (indriyagamya) hoya ke anubhavAtIta (indriyAtIta) hoya, darekano samAveza mAtra pudgala ane pudgala saMyukta jIva tattvamAM thaI jAya che ane pudgaladravyanA atisUkSmatama kaNa ke jenA be bhAga kyAreya koI paNa kALe thayA nathI, thatA nathI ane bhaviSyamAM kyAreya tenA be bhAga thavAnI zakyatA paNa nathI evA sUkSmatama kaNane 52mANu kahevAmAM Ave che. AvA sUkSmatama paramANuo bhegA thaI jagatanI koI paNa vastunuM nirmANa karI zake che. jaina siddhAMta pramANe pudgaladravyamAM anaMta zakti che. joke AtmA(zuddha jIvatattva)mAM paNa anaMta zakti che, paNa baMnemAM moTo taphAvata e che ke AtmAnI zakti svaniyaMtrita che, jyAre pudgaladravyanI zakti paraniyaMtrita che. jainadarzananA graMthomAM A samagra brahmAMDanuM ane tenA eka eka paramANu tathA e 52mANuonA samUhathI banatA padArtho vize vistRta vicAraNA karela che ane AcArAMga nAmanA pavitra jaina AgamamAM to tyAM sudhI kahyuM che ke ne puchyuM nALapha, se sarvAM nALavu; ne sarvAM nALa, se aaN nALapha |' (je ekane jANe che te sarvane jANe che, je sarvane jANe che te ekane jANe che.) A eka ane sarva koNa ? enI spaSTatA karatAM TIkAkAra maharSi zrI zIlAMkAcAryajI kahe che ke eka eTale samagra brahmAMDanA dareka padArthanA mULabhUta paramANu jenuM kyAreya koI paNa rIte vibhAjana zakya nathI eTale ke je sadAne mATe avibhAjya che. A dRSTie AjanA vijJAnIoe mAnela paramANu, paramANu ja nahi kAraNa ke tenuM ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna, kvArka vagere aneka prakAranA sUkSma kaNomAM vibhAjana zakya che ane thAya che.

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jainadarzanamAM paramANu-vijJAna atyAra sudhI proTaoNnane avibhAjya mAnavAmAM Avato hato, paraMtu chellAM saMzodhanoe darzAvyuM che ke e proTaoNnanA mULabhUta kaNo kvArka che ane traNa kvArka bhegA thaI eka proTaoNna bane che. 9 jainadarzananI mAnyatA pramANeno 52mANu, A brahmAMDanA sakaLa padArthonA sarjana mATe mULabhUta ekama che ane e eka paramANune saMpUrNa rIte jANavo eTale samagra brahmAMDanA dareka padArthane jANavA, kAraNa ke e eka paramANu bhUtakALamAM A brahmAMDanA dareka padArthanA bhAga tarIke rahelo hato ane bhaviSyamAM dareka padArthanA mULabhUta ekama tarIke te rahevAno che eTale te eka ja pa2mANune jANavA/ oLakhavA mATe samagra brahmAMDanA dareka padArthanuM jJAna jarUrI che. tethI kahyuM ke je eka paramANunuM saMpUrNa jJAna meLave che, tene samagra brahmAMDanuM jJAna thaI jAya che ane jene samagra brahmAMDanuM jJAna che te eka paramANune paNa saMpUrNa rIte jANe che. pudgala dravyano dareka paramANu varNa, gaMdha, 2sa ane sparza dharAve che ane te ja pugalanuM lakSaNa che. eTale jyAM jyAM koI paNa sAdhana vaDe ke indriya vaDe varNa athavA gaMdha athavA rasa athavA sparzano anubhava thato hoya tyAM tyAM paramANusamUho avazya hoya che ane te padArtha paNa paudgalika che tema mAnavAmAM Ave che. kyAreka paramANusamUha bahu alpa pramANamAM hovAthI, te padArthamAMnAM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza ApaNI indriyathI grAhya hotAM nathI, paNa tethI tenA astitvano niSedha karI zakAya nahi. dA.ta. alTrAvAyoleTa (pArajAMbalI) kiraNo ane inphrAreDa (adhorakta) kiraNo, je cakSuthI grAhya nathI chatAM phoTogrAphika pleTa upara enI asara jhIlavAmAM Ave che. jaina graMthoe zabda (dhvani), aMdhakAra, udyota (ThaMDo prakAza) dA.ta. caMdrano prakAza, Atapa (ThaMDA padArthamAMthI nIkaLato uSNa prakAza) eTale ke sUryano prakAza, prabhA eTale ke prakAzanA aniyamita prasAraNa athavA parAvartana athavA vyatikaraNa vagerene pudgalanA vikAra svarUpa batAvyAM che eTale ke pudgalanA sUkSmatama aNuo (52mANuo)thI banela mAnyAM che. pudgala vize varNana karatAM tattvArthasUtra (racayitA : vAcaka zrI umAsvAtijI)nA pAMcamA adhyAyamAM jaNAvyuM che ke pUranti galanti kRti purvItA ' pudgala dravyamAM tenA nAma pramANe pUraNa tathA galananI prakriyA satata cAlyA ja kare che. dareka prakAranA paudgalika padArthomAM sarjana eTale ke navA navA paramANuonuM umerAvuM tathA pUrvanA paramANusamUhomAMthI keTalAkanI chUTA paDavAnI prakriyA eTale visarjana satata cAlyA kare che. koI paNa padArtha sUkSmabuddhithI jotAM ekasarakho kyAreya raheto ja nathI. dA.ta. ApaNA zarIramAM abajonI saMkhyAmAM koSo che. temAMthI dararoja lAkho koSono nAza ane bIjA lagabhaga teTalA ja athavA to vadhatA-ochA koSonuM navasarjana thatuM ja rahe che. ANvika bhautikazAstramAM AvatI baMdha (fussion) ane bheda (fission)nI prakriyAo e pUraNa ane galananAM zreSThatama udAharaNo che. A baMne prakriyA karatI vakhate zaktinI jarU2 paDe che, amuka saMyogomAM baMdha (fussion)nI prakriyAthI aNuzakti maLe che to amuka saMyogomAM bheda (fission)nI prakriyAthI aNuzakti maLe che. ANvika prakriyAmAM vaparAtA yureniyamamAMthI tathA reDiyama vageremAMthI traNa prakAranAM kiraNo

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AcAryazrI vijayanaMdighoSasUrIzvarajI AlphA, bITA, gaeNmA kiraNo - nIkaLe che. A kiraNo paNa eka jAtanA kaNono varasAda ja che ane te sIloskopa jevAM sAdhanomAM spaSTa anubhavI zakAya che. AlphA kiraNonA kaNo hilIyamanA aNunI nAbhi jevA hoya che ane bITA kiraNomAM ilekTraoNna hoya che. jyAre gaeNmA kiraNo prakAzanAM kiraNo jevAM hoya che. prakAzanAM kiraNo paNa kaNonAM ja banelAM che ane tene phoTaoNna kahevAmAM Ave che. 10 jaina graMthomAM jaNAvyA pramANe 52mANuonA samUhanA prakA2one vargaNA kahevAmAM Ave che. A saMpUrNa brahmAMDamAM AvI vargaNAonA anaMtAnaMta prakA2 che paraMtu jIvonA upayogamAM AvatA mukhya ATha prakAra che. te dareka prakA2ne vargaNA kahevAmAM Ave che H 1. audArika vargaNA, 2. vaikriya vargaNA, 3. AhA2ka vargaNA, 4. taijas vargaNA, 5. bhASA vargaNA, 6. zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA, 7. mano vargaNA ane 8. kArmaNa vargaNA. : vargaNA eTale koI eka cokksa saMkhyAmAM joDAyela paramANuonA ekamono samUha. prathama vargaNA eTale A brahmAMDamAM vidyamAna alaga alaga eka eka paramANu, jeonuM astitva alaga alaga che, te badhA ja paramANuono samAveza prathama vargaNAmAM thAya che. te rIte bIjI vargaNA eTale babbe paramANuonA ekamo, tRtIya vargaNA eTale traNa traNa paramANuonA ekamo. A rIte anaMta paramANuonA samUharUpa ekamono samAveza audArika vargaNAmAM thAya che. A audArika vargaNAnA dareka pa2mANu-ekamamAM anaMta paramANuo hoya che ane A ekamo vaDe ja vartamAna jagatanA pratyakSa jaNAtA lagabhaga badhA padArtho banelA che. A vargaNAonA paramANu-ekamamAM jema jema paramANuonI saMkhyA vadhatI jAya che tema tema temAM rahela paramANuonA pariNAma vadhu ne vadhu sUkSma thatA jAya che. vartamAna sajIva sRSTi athavA devo ane nA2ko sivAyanA jIvonAM zarIra vagere A audArika vargaNAnA paramANu-ekama dvArA niSpanna thayela che. audArika vargaNAmAM rahela paramANuo khUba sthUla che. jyAre vaikriya vargaNAnA 52mANu-ekamomAM, A audArika vargaNAnA 52mANu-ekamomAM 2hela paramANuo karatAM ghaNA vadhu 52mANuo rahelA hoya che. eTale svAbhAvika rIte ja tenA pariNAma vadhu sUkSma bane che. trIjA naMbare Avela AhA2ka vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamomAM, vaikriya vargaNAnA 52mANu-ekama karatAM ghaNA vadhu paramANuo hoya che. tethI te vadhu ghana temaja sUkSma hoya che. A AhA2ka vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamono upayoga viziSTa prakAranA jJAnI sAdhu (saMta puruSa) karI zake che. vartamAna samayamAM A pRthvI upara AvA koI viziSTa jJAnI saMtapuruSa che nahi tethI A vargaNAnA 52mANu-ekamono koI upayoga nathI. tyAra pachI cothA naMbare AvelI taijas vargaNAnA 52mANu-ekamomAM rahela paramANu vadhu sUkSma hoya che ane dareka sajIva padArthamAM A vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamo hoya che. A vargaNAnA paramANuekamonuM mukhya kArya je te sajIva padArthanA zarIramAM khorAkanuM pAcana karavAnuM che ane te bhUkha te lAgavAnA mukhya kAraNasvarUpa che.

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jenadarzanamAM paramANu-vijJAna 11 tyArapachI tenA karatAM vadhu sUkSma pariNAmavALA paramANuonA ekamasvarUpa bhASA vargaNA che. A vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamono upayoga phakta prANI vibhAganA jIvo ja karI zake che, paraMtu vanaspati vagere jeone phakta eka ja indriya che teo A bhASA vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamono upayoga karI zakatA nathI. TUMkamAM, avAja paNa pIdgalika che. zvAsocchavAsa vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamonA paramANuo bhASA vargaNAnA paramANuo karatAM paNa vadhu sUkSma che. Ano upayoga sajIva sRSTinA pratyeka jIve karavo paDe che ane zvAsocchavAsa vagara koI paNa jIva jIvI zakato nathI ema AjanuM vijJAna paNa kahe che ane jaina dharmazAstro pramANe vanaspati sahita pRthvI eTale ke paththara, mATI vagere, pANI, agni ane vAyumAM paNa jIva che te jIvone paNa zvAsocchavAsanI kriyA karavI paDe che tyAre A vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamono upayoga anivAryapaNe kare che. mano vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamonA paramANuonI saMkhyA zvAsocchavAsa vargaNAnA paramANuekamomAM rahela paramANuonI saMkhyA karatAM vadhu hoya che. A vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamono upayoga manavALA manuSyo tathA prANIo karI zake che. Ano savizeSa upayoga vicAra karavAmAM ja thAya che. atyAranA vijJAnIo paNa manane tIvra gativALuM mAne che kAraNa ke ApaNuM mana eka sekaMDamAM athavA to tenA karatAM paNa sUkSma samayamAM lAkho ane karoDo mAIla dUra jaI zake che ane tenA saMbaMdhI vicAra karI zake che. A badhI karAmata mana ane manovaNAnA paramANu-ekamonI ja che. ane chelle atyaMta sUkSma paramANuonA ekamasvarUpa kArmaNa vargaNAnI vAta karIe. A vargaNAnA paramANu-ekamomAM sauthI vadhu paramANuo hoya che. A vargaNAno upayoga dareke dareka sajIva padArtha kare che. dareka sajIva padArthanA AtmAne lAgelAM karmo, A kArmaNa vargaNAnA paramANuekama svarUpe ja hoya che. jo koI vijJAnI, A vargaNAnA paramANuone koI paNa sAdhana vaDe joI zakavA samartha bane to te, je te vyakti ke sajIva padArthanA bhUta-bhaviSya ane vartamAna jANavA samartha banI zake, paraMtu A vargaNAnA paramANu koI paNa sAdhana vaDe joI zakAya tema nathI. te mATe to AdhyAtmika zakti ane atIndriya jJAna joIe je atyAranA samayamAM prApta thavuM azakya nahi toya khUba durlabha to che ja. kArmaNa vargaNA svarUpa karmanA pudgala skaMdho | kaNo saMbaMdhI jaina vibhAvanA / khyAla tathA dravyazakti tarIke pugala vagere sArI rIte samajI | samajAvI zakAtA nathI. thoDA samaya pahelAM ja vijJAne ilekTraoNna ane phoTaoNna zodhyAM. jyAre jainadarzane prAthamika kaNo tarIke kArmaNa vargaNAnA kaNo darzAvyA che. kAzmaNa vargaNAnI vibhAvanA e jainadarzananI ajoDa vibhAvanA che. kAraNa ke phakta A kaNo ja AtmA sAthe saMyojita thaI zake che. jaina vijJAna ja eka evuM vijJAna che ke je kudaratI bhautika ghaTanAonI sAthe sAthe Adhibhautika (super natural) ghaTanAo, sajIva ane nirjIvanAM saMyojana, caitanya ane bhautika vijJAnane samajAvI zake che. vijJAnIoe je aNuo-paramANuo tathA ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna, pojhiTraoNna, klArka

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12 AcAryazrI vijayanaMdighoSasUrIzvarajI vagere saMkhyAbaMdha je mULabhUta kaNo zodhyA che, te badhA ja ApaNI A vargaNAnA prathama prakAra audArika vargaNAmAM AvI zake che. jaina zAstrakAroe pudgala dravyanA varNanamAM tenA varNanA mukhyatve pAMca prakAra batAvyA che : sapheda, lAla, pILo, nIlo (bhUro) ane kALo. citrakAmanA viSayamAM sapheda ane kALA raMga sivAya mukhyatve traNa raMga batAvyA che. bAkInA raMga A traNe raMganA saMyojana dvArA bane che. raMgIna chabInA chapAI kAmamAM paNa lAla, pILo, bhUro ane kALo raMga vaparAya che. gaMdhanA be prakAra che : 1. sugaMdha ane 2. durgadha. rasanA pAMca prakAra che : 1. kaDavo, 2. tIkho, 3. tUro, 4. khATo, 5. madhura. khArA rasanI ahIM gaNatarI karI nathI paraMtu kyAMka kyAMka khArA rasane chaThThA rasa tarIke grahaNa karyo che. sparzanA ATha prakAra che : 1. guru arthAt bhAre, 2. laghu arthAt haLavo, 3. mRdukomaLa, 4. karkaza, 5. zIta ThaMDo, 3. uSNa/garama, 7. snigdha cIkaNo, 8. rukSa arthAt lukhkho. ekalA svataMtra paramANumAM zIta athavA uSNa ane snigdha athavA rukSa ema be prakAranA sparza hoya che. jyAre anaMta paramANuothI banelA paramANu-samUhomAM kyAreka para para virodhI na hoya tevA cAra sparza hoya che to keTalAkamAM AThe ATha sparza hoya che. upara batAvelI ATha prakAranI vargaNAomAMthI prathama cAra prakAranI vargaNAonA paramANu-samUhomAM AThe ATha prakAranA sparza hoya che to bAkInI cAra vargaNAnA paramANu-samUhomAM cAra prakAranA sparza hoya che. baMgALI vijJAnI DaoN. satyendranAtha bojhanuM bojha-AinsTAina sTeTisTiksa, DaoN. pra. cu. vaidyanuM kiraNotsArI tArAnA gurutvAkarSaNa kSetrane lagatuM saMzodhana jainadarzananI paramANu saMbaMdhI keTalIka mAnyatAone samarthana pUruM pADe che. bojha-AinsTAina sTeTisTiksa Adarza vAyuonA kaNa temaja phaoNTaoNna kaNo aMgenI samaja Ape che. jainadarzana pramANe A samagra brahmAMDamAM AkAzapradezo (Space-points) maryAdita pramANamAM che. jyAre pudgala-paramANunI saMkhyA anaMta che. eka AkAzapradeza eTale eka svataMtra paramANune rahevA mATe joItI jagyA/avakAza. AvA maryAdita AkAzapradezomAM anaMta pudgala paramANuo kaI rIte rahI zake? eka AkAzapradezamAM svataMtra eka ja paramANu rahI zake che, paraMtu te ja AkAzapradezamAM anaMta paramANuonA samUhasvarUpa pudgala-skaMdha arthAt anaMta pudgala-paramANuo paNa rahI zake che. jainadarzane batAvela bhautikazAstrano A siddhAMta ATha prakAranA karmathI mukta zarIrarahita AtmAnA saMbaMdhamAM paNa lAgu paDe che. mokSamAM mukta AtmAnuM sthAna che. A mukta AtmAo arUpI ane azarIrI che. te darekanuM svataMtra astitva che ane jaina siddhAMta pramANe mukta thatI vakhate arthAt nirvANa samaye zarIranI je UMcAI hoya che tenI be tRtIyAMza UMcAI mokSamAM te AtmAnI hoya che. Ama chatAM je sthAne eka mukta AtmA hoya che te sthAne bIjA anaMta muktAtmAo paNa hoya che. AnI sAdI-sIdhI ane saraLa

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13 jenadarzanamAM paramANu-vijJAna samajUtI ApatAM jaina dharmagraMthomAM tenA vRttikAra AcArya bhagavaMto dIvAnA prakAzanuM udAharaNa Ape che. jema ke eka oraDAmAM eka nAnakaDo dIvo pragaTAvavAmAM Ave to samagra oraDAmAM teno prakAza phelAI jAya che. have te ja oraDAmAM evA 20-25 seMkaDo dIvA pragaTAvavAmAM Ave to oraDAnI dIvAlo upara ane oraDAmAM dareka jagyAe badhA dIvAno prakAza hoya che, paraMtu koI eka jagyAe kevaLa eka ja divAno prakAza hoya evuM banatuM nathI. madhya pradezanA pro. pI. ema. agravAlanA jaNAvyA pramANe eka ja AkAzapradezamAM anaMta paramANuonuM avasthAna tathA te ja rIte mokSamAM samAna AkAzapradezomAM anaMta AtmAonuM avasthAna bojha-AinsTAina sTeTisTiksa dvArA samajAvI zakAya che. DaoN. pra. cu. vaidya sAhebanuM saMzodhana paNa jainadarzananA pudgala-paramANu siddhAMtanuM samarthana kare che. teonA saMzodhana pramANe kiraNotsArI tArA ke sUryanuM gurutvAkarSaNa baLa teTalA ja dravyamAna tathA kadavALA sAmAnya arthAt kiraNotsarga nahi karatA tArA karatAM ochuM hoya che. AnI gaNatarI teoe gANitika samIkaraNo dvArA ApI che. jainadarzana pramANe zakti e guNa che ane gupacavavuM dram (guNa tathA paryAyavALuM hoya te dravya) (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 1, sUtra - rU7) anusAra te dravyamAM rahe che ane je pudgala mUrta/rUpI dravya che tene dravyamAna (mass) avazya hoya che. prakAzanAM kiraNo paNa dravya che, guNa nathI. phira TML na, dravyam ! e dravyamAM ja zaktirUpI guNa che eTale kiraNotsArI tArA ke sUrya prakAza pheMke che, tyAre vastutaH temAMthI sUkSma kaNo ja bahAra pheMkAya che. A sUkSma kaNone paNa dravyamAna hoya che ane te jemAMthI bahAra pheMkAtA hoya che, tenA gurutvAkarSaNa kSetramAM Avela padArtha upara athaDAya che ane tenI gatimAM athavA je te tArA ke sUrya taraphanA AkarSaNamAM ghaTADo kare che. alabatta, A ghaTADo prakAzanA najIvA vegamAna (momentum spamv=mc) anusAra sAva najIvo hoya che. AvA sAva nagaNya kahI zakAya tevA ghaTADAnuM gaNita DaoN. pra.cu. vaidya sAhebe ApaNane ApyuM che. Ama chatAM haju Aje paNa Adhunika bhautikazAstra phoTaoNnane zUnya dravyamAnavALA mAne che. Adhunika bhautikazAstra ema mAne che ke sUrya vagere ke tethI adhika dravyamAnavALA tArAonA vadhu paDatA gurutvAkarSaNa baLanA kAraNe tenI AsapAsanuM AkAza saMkocAya che ane temAMthI pasAra thatA padArthano mArga thoDo vakrAkAra bane che. vastutaH jaina dArzanika mAnyatA pramANe AkAza eka akhaMDa dravya che, te apaulika che tathA niSkriya ane nirguNa che. alabatta, naiyAyiko zabdane AkAzano guNa mAne che, paraMtu jainadarzana zabdane saMpUrNataH paudgalika mAne che ane te Adhunika vaijJAnika upakaraNo dvArA paNa siddha thaI zake che eTale jaina dArzanika mAnyatA pramANe nirguNa ane niSkriya evA AkAza upara koI paNa padArthanA gurutvAkarSaNa baLanI jarA paNa asara thatI nathI, paraMtu tenA gurutvAkarSaNa kSetramAM AvatA paulika padArtho upara tenA gurutvAkarSaNa baLanI asara thAya che ane te padArtha - sUrya ke tAro - kiraNotsarga karato hoya to, te kiraNotsarga te ja padArthanA gurutvAkarSaNa baLamAM ghaTADo kare che. A ghaTADo prakAza/phoTaoNnanA svarUpamAM je zaktinuM utsarjana tAro ke sUrya kare che, te zakti arthAt phoTaoNnane paNa dravyamAna hovAnuM siddha kare che.

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AcAryazrI vijayanaMdighoSasUrIzvarajI AinsTAinanA janarala thiyarI oNpha rileTiviTI (General Theory of Relativity) anusAra sUryanA gurutvAkarSaNa baLanA kAraNe tArAnA kiraNanA vakrIbhavana (solar deflection of a star light) dvArA thatuM te tArAnuM sthAnAMtara saMpUrNa khagrAsa sUryagrahaNa daramyAna noMdhI zakAyuM che, tethI paNa phoTaoNnane dravyamAna hovAnuM siddha thAya che kAraNa ke je paugalika hoya arthAt jene dravyamAna (mass) hoya tene ja gurutvAkarSaNa baLanI asara thAya che. jo prakAzanA kaNonuM dravyamAna zUnya hoya to koIpaNa prakAranA prabaLa gurutvAkarSaNa baLanI tenA upara koI asara thatI nathI, paraMtu upara batAvyuM tema GT.R. mAM tArAnA kiraNa upara sUryanA prabaLa gurutvAkarSaNanI asara noMdhAI che tethI prakAzanA kaNonuM dravyamAna zUnya nathI, te siddha thAya che. alabatta, A mAruM potAnuM saMzodhana tAraNa che, AnI sAthe badhA ja saMmata thAya ja evuM huM kahI na zakuM, paraMtu khUba ja najIkanA bhaviSyamAM badhA ja vijJAnIo mArA A tAraNa sAthe saMmata thAya to mane jarAya Azcarya nahi thAya. bhAratIya saMskRtinA prAcInatama pravAha svarUpa jainadarzananA prAcIna graMthomAM ghaNA ghaNA vaijJAnika siddhAMto chupAyelA che. AjanA jamAnAmAM, navI peDhI samakSa Adhunika gaNita ane vaijJAnika sAdhano dvArA A siddhAMtonuM nirUpaNa karavuM atyAvazyaka che. A che jainadarzananuM adbhuta paramANu vijJAna

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3 AcAryazrI vijayazIlacaMdra sUrIzvarajI zrI vijayasenasUriprasAdita be dastAvejI mUlya dharAvatA patro patra lakhavo e eka kaLA che, sAhityika vidhA paNa. bhAratamAM sadIothI patro lakhAtA AvyA che, jemAM rAjakIya patro, sAmAjika vyavahArone lagatA patro, upadezAtmaka patro, aitihAsika athavA dastAvejI kahI zakAya tevuM varNana dharAvatA patro, tattvacarcA karatA patro, vyApAra ane levaDa-devaDa viSayanA patro ema aneka prakAranA patrono samAveza thAya che. AvA vividhaviSayaka patro saMskRta bhASAmAM paNa lakhAtA, ane ghaNA bhAge vahIvaTa ane vyavahAra mATe calaNI hoya tevI lokabhASAmAM paNa lakhAtA. AvA vividha patronuM saMkalana karIne tenA graMtha paNa vaDodarAthI gAyakavADjha orienTala sirIjhamAM varSo pUrve prakAzita thayelA che, jenuM vAMcana je te samayanA vAtAvaraNano sarvAMgI ane rasaprada paricaya karAvI jAya che. - jaina munio dvArA paNa patralekhana thatuM hatuM. evA patro mukhyatve 'vijJaptipatra'nA nAme oLakhAya che, jemAM cAturmAsa mATenI gurujanone vijJapti temaja saMvatsarI parvane nimitte kSamApanA - e be bAbato mukhya rahetI. paNa A be muddAne kendramAM rAkhIne je vidvattApUrNa kAvyaracanAo thatI, tene lIdhe te patro eka svataMtra graMthanI ke kAvyanI racanAsvarUpa banI rahetA. jaina munio dvArA lakhAtA keTalAka patromAM tAttvika carcA, cintana tathA praznottaro paNa lakhAtAM hatAM. AvA patro dharmaviSayaka vividha praznonI chaNAvaTa karatA hoya che, athavA dArzanika ke tAttvika muddAo vize gahana vimarza karatA hoya che. kyAreka koI bAbate koIne zaMkA udbhave athavA te bAbata paratve pravartamAna arthaghaTana ke

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16 AcAryazrI vijayazIlacaMdrasUrIzvarajI mAnyatAmAM koIne bhinna mata sUjhe, teve vakhate vivekIjano potAnA tevA bhinna matane vaLagI rahevAne ke mahattva ApavAne badale, adhikRta gurujanone te vAta patrathI lakhI jaNAvatA-pUchAvatA, ane te gurujana taraphathI teno spaSTa pratyuttara paNa maLato - patra dvArA ja, je zAstra ane paraMparAnA hArdane anurUpa raheto, ane tethI te pUchanArane ja nahIM, paNa badhAyane mAnya banato. ahIM A prakAranA ja be laghupatro rajU thAya che. baMne patro adyAvadhi apragaTa che. baMne 17mA saikAnI pracalita gujarAtI bhASAmAM che. baMne patro, prazna pUchAvatA patronA pratyuttararUpe lakhAyelA patro che. baMne patro tapagacchapati bhaTTAraka AcAryazrI vijayasenasUrIzvarajI mahArAje lakhelA che. gacchAti dvArA lakhAtA AvA patrone "prasAdIpatra' tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatA. ATalA mahAna gacchapati, potAnI vividha javAbadArIomAMthI samaya phALavIne patra lakhe ke lakhAve, ane saMzayonAM samAdhAna kare, te temanI kRpAprasAdI ja gaNAya. vijayasenasUri te jagadguru hIravijayasUrinA parama kRpApAtra paTTadhara ziSya hatA. zahenazAha akabara tathA jahAMgIranA teo parama prItipAtra sAdhu hatA. bAdazAhe temane "savAI hIralA' jevAM biruda ApelAM, temaja temanI preraNAthI jIvadayAnAM aneka kArya karyA hatAM. temano sattAkALa sattaramo saiko che. atre pragaTa thatA be patro paikI prathama patra khaMbhAyita-khaMbhAta nagaranA saMghanA lekha... (patra)nA javAbamAM lakhAyela che. khaMbhAtanA saMghamukhya zrAvaka sA. somA vagerene saMbodhIne lakhavAmAM AvelA A patramAM, zrIhIravijayasUrie Adeza rUpe pharamAvelA bAra bolane aMge udbhavelA be prazno paratve khulAsA maLe che. harigurue potAnA AdezapaTTakamAM eka bola evA matalabano lakhyo che ke, 'mithyAtvInA paNa, tathA jaina paNa anya pakSa(gaccha)nA hoya tenA paNa; dAnanI ruci, svAbhAvika vinaya, kaSAyonI alpatA, paropakAra, bhavyatva, dAkSiNya, dayALutA, priyabhASitA jevA sAdhAraNa guNonI anumodanA karI zakAya.' A bolano koI viparIta artha evo karavA mAMDyA ke "je lokomAM asagraha hoya tevA lokonA A badhA guNonI anumodanA karavAnI nahIM, paNa asathraha na hoya to ja temanA A guNonI anumodanA karI zakAya, ema hIraguruno Adeza che.' AthI saMghamAM dvidhA thaI haze, tenA nirAkaraNa mATe saMghe gurumahArAjane pUchAvyuM haze. tenA khulAsAmAM vijayasenasUriguru asaMdigdha zabdomAM jaNAve che ke "Avo artha karanArA jUThA che. kema ke jyAM mithyAtva hoya tyAM asagraha to avazya hovAno. mithyAtva eTale ja asagraha. te hovA chatAM, tenA paNa A guNo anumodanAyogya ja gaNAya. zAstra paNa e ja kahe che. vaLI jaina paNa parapakSanA hoya to, tenA paNa dayA Adi guNonI anumodanA karavAnI ja hoya, tema karavAno je niSedha kare tenI buddhi sArI nathI.' bIjI samasyA thoDI moghama jaNAya che. bAra bolamAM zrIharigurue kayA jinacaitya vaMdanIya ane kayA avaMdanIya gaNavA - e samasyAnA ukelarUpe "traNanA avaMdanI, caityone bAda karatAM bIjAM sarva caitya vAMdavA-pUjavAyogya' gaNAvyAM che. koIka teno viparIta artha kADhIne "svapakSa sivAyanAM

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zrIvijayasenasUriprAsAdita be dastAvejI mUlya dharAvatA patro 17 parapakSanAM saghaLAMya caityone avaMdanIya gaNavAM' - evo mata calAvatA haze, tene gacchapatie Akaro Thapako ApavAnuM sUcavyuM che. ane vadhumAM, jo tevA loko saMghanI vAta na mAne ane potAnI mAnyatA cAlu rAkhe to, potAne jANa karavAnuM jaNAvIne pote ja tene Thapako ApavAnuM jaNAve che. AmAM samajavAnuM e che ke dharmanA kSetre kaTTaratA tathA kaTTarapaMthI loko hamezAM, dareka kALe, hoya ja che. teo udAra thaI to nathI zakatA, paNa udAratAne svIkArI paNa nathI zakatA. emanI kaTTaratA emane zAstracusta, dharmacusta banAve che athavA tevA hovAno dekhAva racI Ape che. AvA lokonI kaTTaratA emane anyanA, eTale ke je potAnA mata, pakSa, samUhanA na hoya tevAnA saddaguNonI prazaMsA paNa karavAnI manAI pharamAve che. udAra ane vivekasaMpanna gurujano jo anyanA guNonI prazaMsA karavAnI hA pADe athavA vidhAna kare, to temanA vidhAnanA arthane paNa tevA kaTTarajano, potAne anukULa Ave te rIte, badalI nAkhatA hoya che. AvA loko anya dharmanA lokonA ja nahIM, potAnA dharmanA paNa judo mata dharAvatA varganA lokonAM paNa, dharmakAryono, satkAryono, sadgaNono svIkAra karavA rAjI nathI thatA; teo teno inkAra ja karatA rahe che. | durbhAgye, AvA kaTTarapaMthIo tamAma dharmo-saMpradAyomAM patharAyelA che. dareka kALe tevA loko hoya che. hIragurunA jamAnAmAM paNa tevA loko haze teno purAvo A patranA be muddA jotAM sAMpaDe che. AvI kaTTaratA, "ame ja sArA ane amAruM ja sAruM evI bhrAnta samajaNamAMthI ja nIpajatI hoya che. bIjo patra paNa khaMbhAtanA zrAvaka kAhAna meghajIe vijayasenasUrine lakhelA patranA javAbarUpe lakhAyelo patra che. AmAM traNa vAto che, je traNa praznonA pratyuttararUpa vAto che. A javAbo paNa AcAryanI udAra samajaNanuM surekha pratibiMba pADI rahyA che. pahelo prazna evo che ke mAhezvara dharmano upAsaka koI mANasa (maizrI mAhezrI-mAhezvarI), TADhaThaMDInA divasomAM, mokSa meLavavA mATe, "mahIsAgara' (mahI nadI)mAM snAna kare; athavA koI svecchamuslima vyakti, ThaMDInA samayamAM ja, kevaLa mokSa pAmavAnA lakSyathI ja, namAja paDhe; to te be vyaktione je paNa karmanirjarA thAya te "sakAmanirjarA" kahevAya ke "akAmanirjarA' gaNAya?" AnA javAbamAM AcArye lakhyuM ke, zAstrAnusAre, samyagudRSTi AtmAne je nirjarA thAya tenI tulanAmAM mithyAtvIne ochI nirjarA thAya. A javAbamAM be muddA phalita thAya che : (1) mahInuM snAna ke namAja - e baMne jaina dharmanI dRSTie sAvadya-sapApa pravRtti hovA chatAM, te karavA pAchaLanuM lakSya ke Azaya "mokSa hovAthI, te karavAthI paNa nirjarA thaI zake che; (2) te nirjarAne AcArya "akAmanirjarA'nA nAme nathI oLakhAvatA, phakta "nirjarA" zabda prayoje che, ane temAM paNa samyakatvI sAthe tulanA karIne te zabda prayoje che. zAstramati dharAvatA jIvo samajI zakaze ke A javAbamAM eka jJAnI puruSanI dRSTi keTalI vizALa ane samudAra banatI anubhavAya che ! aMtara anAgrahabhAvathI ane nItaryA vivekathI mahekatuM 1. karmakSayanA ane mokSanA lakSyathI karAtI kriyA thakI je karma khape, te sakAmanirjarA; ane tevA lakSya vagara ja yaMtravatuM ke dekhAdekhIthI thatI kriyA thakI je karma khape, te akAmanirjarA.

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18 AcAryazrI vijayazIlacaMdrasUrIzvarajI hoya, zAstranAM marmo cittamAM pariNamyAM hoya, tyAre ja AvA javAbo Uge, ApI zakAya. alabatta, Avo javAba bIjuM koI paNa ApI zake, paNa tenI pAse te mATeno adhikAra na hoya ane adhikAra vagara apAtA javAbanuM mUlya na hoya. A patramAM bIjo prazna jarA sAMpradAyika che, gacchavAdane lagato che. emAM pUchAyuM che ke tapagacchanA AcArya pAse, anya pakSa (gaccha)nA zrAvako, potAnA derAsaranI pratiSThA karAve to, te zrAvakane saMsAranuM paribhramaNa vadhe ke ochuM thAya ? (kharekhara ahIM prazna Avo hovo joIto hato : tapagacchanA derAsaranI pratiSThA bIjA gacchanA AcArya pAse karAvIe to te zrAvakane saMsArabhramaNa vadhe ke ghaTe? kema ke jemane prazna pUchAya che te AcArya tapagacchanA gacchanAyaka che. paraMtu pUchanAra gRhastha bahu vicakSaNa ane vivekI haze, tethI temaNe praznane A rIte vALIne pUchayo hoya tevI kalpanA thAya che.) AcArya spaSTa pratyuttara Ape che : tevA zrAvakane saMsAranuM bhramaNa ghaTe che, paNa vadhatuM nathI. A TUMkA javAbamAM upara kauMsamAM mUkelA kAlpanika praznano uttara paNa evI ja kalpanApUrvaka samajI levo joIe. arthAt AcArya gacchavAdane mahattva ApavAnA matanA nathI, te A javAbathI spaSTa thAya che. patragata trIjo prazna dhArmika bAbata paratve che. temAM gacchapatine pUchavAmAM AvyuM che ke "bhagavAnajI' eTale ke gacchapati AcArya traNa prakAranA manuSyone paccakakhANa karAve : eka, samyaktvadhArI manuSyane; be, parapakSanA (anya gacchanA jaina) manuSyane; traNa, mithyAtvI janane; to te traNene apAyelA paccakhANa mArgAnusArI samajavA ke nahIM ? AnA uttaramAM AcArya jaNAve che ke te traNene apAtuM paccakhANa mArgAnuMsArI samajavuM. A uttaramAM paNa AcAryanI svAbhAvika udAra samajaNa ja paDaghAtI jaNAya che. anyathA bIjA koI kaTTaratAparata AcArya hoya to te ema ja kaheta ke samyakatvadhArIne apAtuM hoya te mArgAnusArI, parapakSIyane ke mithyAtvIne apAtuM hoya te nahIM. ekaMdare baMne patramAMnA praznottaro, gacchapati zrI vijayasenasUrijI mahArAjanA anAgrahI, udAra temaja gacchanAyaka padane chAje tevA svabhAvano paricaya ApI jAya tevA che. e rIte mUlavIe to A patronuM dastAvejI mUlya to kharuM ja, paNa sAthe sAthe guNavattA ane prerakatAthI sabhara mArgadarzananI rIte paNa mUlya ghaNuM badhuM AMkI zakAya tema che. A be patro, anya patro sAthe eka lAMbA pAnA para lakhAyela che, je jotAM ja jaNAI Ave ke 17mA zatakamAM A patronI koIe karelI nakalarUpa A patro che. e pAnAM vidvAna munivara zrI dhuraMdharavijayajInA DIsAnA graMthasaMgrahamAMthI temaNe ApyAM che, tenuM sAbhAra smaraNa thAya che. have te mULa patro ja vAMcIe : patrasvstishriiviirjinN praNamya ahammadAvAdanagarAt zrIvijayasenasUrayaH saparikarAH khaMbhAyitanagare suzrAvaka

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zrIvijayasenasUriprAsAdita be dastAvejI mUlya dharAvatA patro puNyaprabhAvaka zrIdevagurubhaktikAraka zrIjinAjJApratipAlaka zrIsamyaktvamUladvAdazavratadhAraka saMghamukhya sA. somA sA. zrImalla saM. somakaraNa udayakaraNa sA nemidAsa vajiyA ThA. lAI kuMarajI pramukha saMgha yogyaM dharmalAbhapUrvakaM likhanti / yathAkAryaM ca 19 atra dharmakArya sukha pravartana char3a zrI devaguruprasAdiM / aparaM tumAru lekha puhutu / samAcAra prIchyA / tathA tumArA dharmodyama karavAnA udyama sAMbhalI saMtoSa upano / tathA zrI hIravijayasUriM prasAda karyA je bAra bola, te madhye anumodavAnA bolamAMhiM - dAnarucipaNuM - 1, svabhAviM vinItapaNuM 2, alpakaSAIpaNuM 3, paropakArIpaNuM 4, bhavyapaNuM 5, dAkSiNAlUpaNuM 6, dayAlUpaNuM 7, priyabhASIpaNuM 8, ityAdika je sAdhAraNa guNa mithyAtvI saMbaMdhiyA tathA jaina parapakSI saMbaMdhI anumodavAyogyA char3a, AsirI koI koI ehavuM viparIta artha karatA sAMbhalII char3a - jehanai asadgraha hoi tehanA e guNa anumodIr3a nahI / jehanar3a kisyAi bolanu asadgraha hoi tehanA e guNa anumodI nahI / paNi te jUTuM kahar3a char3a / je mATiM je hanaI mithyAtva hoi tehanai asadgraha avasyaI hoi / anai sAstramAhiM to mithyAtvarUpa asadgraha thikar3a huMtar3a paNi guNa anumodavAyogya kahyA chai / to mithyAtvInuM tathA parapakSInuM dayApramukha kasyoi guNa anumodavAyogya nahIM ehavuM je kahar3a tehanI samI ti kima kahi / / 1 / / tathA bAra bola mAhiM lakhyaM char3a je triNinAM avaMdanika caitya vinA bIjAM sarva caitya vAMdavApUjavAyogya jANivA / te AsirI paNi ketalAeka viparIta vacana kahatA sAMbhalIi char3a, te paNi rUDuM nathI karatA / te mATi e bola AsirI tathA bIjA bAra bolanA bola AsirI je kuNar3a yatI tathA zrAvaka viparIta prarUpaNA karai tehanai AkarI sikhAmaNa deyo / anai tumhArI sIkha na mAnai tu tehanuM nAma pragaTapaNai amhana jAvo / tehanai amho sIkha desyuM / patra - 2 svasti zrIvIrajinaM praNamya rAjanagarAt zrIvijayasenasUrayaH saparikarAH zrImati stambhatIrthe suzrAvaka puNyaprabhAvaka zrIjinAjJApratipAlaka sA. kAhAna meghajI yogyaM dharmalAbhapUrvakaM likhanti / yathA kAryaM ca - atra dharmakArya sukhiM niravahar3a char3a zrIdevaguruprasAdiM / aparaM ca tumAro lekha puhutu / samAcAra prIchyA / tathA tumho dharmodyama vizeSathI karayo / tathA amAro dharmalAbha jANayo / je vAMchar3a tehanai jaNAvayo / amhArI vatI deva juhArayo / tathA praznottara likhIr3a chai / mahesarI TADhine dihADhe mokSanai arthiM mahIsAgaraDUM jAi char3a, anaI malecha TADhi mAhiM namAja karai char3a kevala mokSanai arthi, e bihu to sakAmanirjarA kahIr3a ke akAmanirjarA kahIi e prazna AsirI tattvArtha pramukha zAstranaiM anusAriM ehavuM jaNAi char3a je koI samyagdRSTInI apekSAI mithyAdRSTInaiM thoDI nirjarA hoi te prIyo / tathA parapakSInA zrAvaka tapAgacchanA AcAryapiM pratISThAvI deharai pUjai tehanA dhaNInaI saMsAra vAdhar3a

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20 AcAryazrI vijayazIlacaMdrasUrIzvarajI kiMvA khUTai ? e prazna Azri parapakSInaI tapAnA AcAryapi pratiSThA karAvI pratimA pUjatAM saMsAra ghaTato jaNAi chai, paNi vAdhato jANyo nathI te prIchayo / / tathA zrI bhagavanajI paccakhANa karAvai samakitadhArI tathA parapakSI tathA mithyAtvInaiM, te paccakkhANa mArgAnusArI samajhuM char3a te vAtanu jima samajhyu hoi tima prasAda karayo, e prazna Azri tathA tapAgacchanA AcArya pramukha samyagadaSTI tathA parapakSI pramukhanai jehanaI paccakkhANa karAvai te sarva paccakkhANa mArgAnusArI jANyuM chai / paNi paccakkhANanu karaNahAra jo paccakkhANanu vidhi jANato [na] hoi to vidhi samajhAvInaiM karAvaq etalo vizeSa jANavU / / iti bhadram / /

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yogabiMdu - TIkA aMge thoDuMka ciMtana vi. saM. 2069nA varSamAM pUjya gurubhagavaMta zrIvijayazIlacaMdrasUrijI mahArAje zrIharibhadrasUrijI racita yogabiMduprakaraNanuM TIkA (sAthe adhyayana karAvyuM. te vakhate vAcanAnuM saMzodhana-saMpAdana karavAnA AzayathI yogabiMdu-saTIkanI tADapatrIya ane kAgaLanI prato paNa sAthe rAkhI hatI. adhyayana daramiyAna khyAla Avyo ke TIkAnA saMzodhanamAM eTalI muzkelI pAThazuddhinI nathI, jeTalI arthazuddhinI che. arthazuddhinI A samasyA pratye vidvajjanonuM dhyAna doravAno ja A lakhANano Azaya che. yogabiMdunI TIkA svayaM zrIharibhadrasUrijInI racanA nathI te vAta zratavira pUjya munirAja zrIjaMbUvijayajI mahArAje "yogabiMdunA TIkAkAra koNa ?" e lekha lakhIne bahu sarasa rIte sAbita karI ApI che. (juo 'mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya - suvarNamahotsava graMtha', pR. 3870). teoe svamaMtavyanA samarthanamAM je sacoTa purAvA TAMkyA che temAM eka e che ke zrIharibhadrasUrijIe yogabiMdumAM zloka 43thI 442 tarIke bauddha tArkika dharmakIrtinA pramANavArtikamAMthI cAra kArikA uddhata karI che. A kArikAo sarvajJatva vizenuM bauddha maMtavya sUcave che. paraMtu TIkAkAre A kArikAo mImAMsaka kumArilanA mata tarIke varNavI che. A anAbhoga, TIkAkAra graMthakArathI spaSTapaNe judA hovAnuM sUcave che. AvuM ja eka anya dRSTAMta zloka 105nI utthApanikAmAM jovA maLe che. yogazataka - gAthA 10nI TIkAmAM zrIharibhadrasUrijI mahArAje anya yogazAstrakAranA nAme 5 zloka uddhata karyA che. A ja 5 zloka najIvA pheraphAra sAthe yogabiMdumAM zloka 101thI 105 tarIke bhagavAna gopeMdranA nAma sAthe uddhata che. paNa TIkAkAra 10pamA muni zrI railokyamaMDanavijayajI

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munizrI zailokyamaMDanavijayajI zlokane zrIharibhadrasUrijInuM potAnuM kathana samajIne cAlyA che - "phulya navematamatUra vastusthiti pratipAdriyannAda (-3thApanA ) I' AzcaryanI vAta e che ke A zlokanA cothA pAdamAM phuti manajIvana: evA, uddharaNa pUruM thatuM hovAnA sUcaka zabdone TIkAkAre dhyAna para ja nathI lIdhA, pariNAme zloka 106 - atrApyetad vicitrAyAH prakRteryujyate param / itthamAvartabhedena yadi samyag nirupyate / / A zloka gopeMdranA matanI sAthe svamatano saMvAdasUcaka hovA chatAM TIkAkAre enI judI ja rIte vyAkhyA karI che - __'atrApyubhayostatsvabhAvatve, kiM punastadabhAve na ghaTate' ityapizabdArthaH / etad - nivRttAdhikAratvaM vicitrAyAstattatsAmagrIbalena nAnArUpAyAH prakRteH-karmarUpAyA: yujyate paraM - kevalam / itthamuktaprakAreNa Avartabhedena - caramAvartarUpeNa yadi - cet samyag - yathAvat nirupyate - vimRzyata iti / / ' ' vAstavamAM A zloka gopeMdramata ane svamatano samanvayasUcaka hovAthI enI TIkA Ama thavI joIe ema lAge che - atrApi - jainamate'pi etad - nivRttAdhikAratvAdi sarvaM yujyate eva / kutaH ? vicitrAyAH - citrarupAyAH prakRteH - karmaprakRteH / yaduktaM yogazatakaTIkAyAmetaduddharaNasambandhe - 'na ca prakRtikarmaprakRtyoH kazcid bhedo'nytraabhidhaanbhedaat|' paraM - kintu, itthaM-darzitaprakAreNa 'tasmAdacaramAvarteSvityAdinA, Avartabhedena - caramAcaramAvartAtmakena, yadi - cet, samyag - yathAvat nite - vimurata ti ' matalaba ke gopeMdranA mate kahevAyelI tamAma vAto jo carama-acarama AvartanI apekSAe vicArIe to jainamatamAM paNa saMgata thAya ja che. kema ke yogadarzananI prakRti ane jainadarzananI karmaprakRti vacce nAma sivAya jhAjho taphAvata nathI. uparanA udAharaNathI jaNAze ke TIkAnuM vAMcana keTalI sAvadhAnIthI karavuM paDe tema che. AvAM ja thoDAMka anya sthAno joIe. zloka 22-29mAM yogamAM gocara, svarUpa, phaLa vagerenI zuddhi zA mATe cakAsavI joIe tenI carcA che. temAM 22mA zlokamAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke yoga tarIke vivakSita kriyA jo loka ane zAstrathI viruddha hoya to te yoga nathI gaNAtI. kema ke evA phakta zraddhAthI ja svIkArya yogane vidvAno mAnya nathI karatA. tyArabAda 23mo zloka Ama che - vacanAdasya saMsiddhiretadapyevameva hi / dRSTeSTAbAdhitaM tasmAdetanmRgyaM hitaiSiNA / / emAM je "utaravevameva di' zabdo che tenI TIkA Ama karavAmAM AvI che - " nAmevaM tata? kimityAha - etadapi vacanaM, kiM punaryoga ityapizabdArthaH / evameva hi - yogavadeva pariNAminyevAtmani

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yogabiMdu-TIkA aMge thoDuMka ciMtana ghaTate, bhASakapariNAmAntarasambhavena vacanapravRtte-rupapadyamAnatvAt / ' kharekhara to atre AtmAnA pariNAmitva vagereno koI saMdarbha ja nathI. vaLI, vacana e bhASakanA pariNAmarUpa hoya ke na hoya, AtmA pariNAmI hoya ke na hoya - enAthI duSTa ane iSTathI abAdhita vacananI gaveSaNA zI rIte jarUrI bane ? mATe A zabdonI TIkA A rIte karavI yogya jaNAya che - - etadapi - vacanamapi, evameva hi-lokazAstrayorubhayoravirodhenaiva zuddhaM bhavati; anyathA zraddhAmAaAnce sat tat viparitAmiSTa na mati (- pUrva zlokano saMdarbha atre pakaDavAno che.) tasmAd dRSTeSTAbhyAmabAdhitameva tad mRgyaM bhavati / jema yoga loka ane zAstrathI aviruddha hovo joIe, tema te yoganuM pratipAdaka vacana paNa loka-zAstra ubhayathI aviruddha hovuM joIe evuM atre tAtparya samajAya che. *lokaraMjana mATe thatI dharmakriyA lokapakti kahevAya che. AvI kriyA sAmAnyataH kIrti, dhana vagere spRhAthI thAya che. ane tethI ja mahAna dharmanI avahelanAmAM nimitta bananArI te kriyA atizaya niMdya gaNAya che. AvI kriyA 'viSAnuSThAna" kahevAya che, kema ke eno vipAka dAruNa hoya che. have je jIva dharmakriyA karatI vakhate anAbhogathI varte che, matalaba ke jenuM citta pravartamAna kriyAne badale bIjA vicAramAM che, tevA jIvanI dharmakriyA 'samUchanaja kriyA' gaNAya che. kema ke te jIva kriyAmAM samUchanaja - asaMjJI jIvanI jema pravarte che. have A lokapaktivALA jIvanI ane anAbhogavALA jIvanI baMnenI dharmakriyA joke azuddha ja che, topaNa lokapaktivALA jIvanI kriyA anAbhogakriyAnI sarakhAmaNImAM vadhu niMdya che. kema ke temAM dharmanI hIlanA che. A vAta yogabiMdu - zloka 91mAM rajU thaI che : lokapaktimataH prAhuranAbhogavato varam / dharmakriyAM na mahato, hInatA'tra yatastathA AnI TIkA Ama thaI zake - novattamato - to vistAra dhanaprathAnI sAzAt nAmAvata:-smmuurchnjpraaysy dharmakriyAM varaM - pradhAnaM yathA bhavati tathA prAhuH yogIndrAH / kuto hetoH ? yataH atra anAbhogavato dharmakriyAyAM na mahato dharmasya hInatA tathA - lokapaktimato dharmakriyAvat / paraMtu TIkAkAre AvI TIkA karI che - to vittamato - no vistAra dhanapradhAnasya prANuM: - vRvate kIdRzasyetyAha - anAbhogavataH - sammUrcchanajaprAyasya svabhAvata eva vainayikaprakRteH varaMpUrvoktAlpabuddhidharmakriyAyAH sakAzAt pradhAnaM yathA bhavati... arthAt TIkAkAra "nAmAvata' ne 'topavitta maMtaH'nuM vizeSaNa gaNe che. tethI anAbhogavALo lokazaktimAna ane alpabuddhi lokapaktimAna evA bheda pADI temAM taratamatA ghaTAve che. A vAta keTalI asaMgata thAya che te vidvajjano samajI zakaze.

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munizrI railokyamaMDanavijayajI jIva eka vAra graMthino bheda kare pachI mithyAdRSTi thAya topaNa mohanIya karmanI utkRSTa sthitino baMdha nathI karato. kAraNa ke eno pariNAma sAmAnyataH zubha ja rahe che. A vAta zloka 267mAM sUcavAI che - evaM sAmAnyato jJeyaH pariNAmo'sya zobhanaH / mithyAdRSTerapi sato'mahAbandhavizeSataH / / paraMtu TIkAkAre "mahIvanyavizeSatA'nA sthAne "mahavandhavizeSatA' pATha svIkAryo che. ane teno artha avasthAntaravizeSa karyo che. pariNAme arthasaMgati barAbara nathI thatI. tene badale "amahAbaMdha -utkRSTasthitinA abaMdharUpa vizeSa hovAthI' evo artha levAmAM sarasa arthasaMgati thAya che. avagrahanI AvI alanA anyatra paNa jovA maLe che. jema ke zloka 410mAM 35Ayopameno artha 35yoDIne (-apagamano upAyo karavAne badale upAyopIne sati karyo che. (-upAyano svIkAra karyo chate). avagraha tarapha dhyAna na javAne lIdhe arthamAM keTalI kliSTatA AvI che te A zlokanI TIkA jovAthI ja samajAze. zloka 51pamAM paNa avagrahanI zakyatA para dhyAna na javAne lIdhe eka sarasa dalIla taddana aspaSTa rahI javA pAmI che. brahmAdvaitamatamAM jIvamAtrane parabrahmanA aMzarUpa samajAvavAmAM Ave che. AnI sAme tarka karavAmAM Avyo che ke e aMzo jo AvakArI muktabrahmanA aMzo che to temAM vikAritva kevuM ? ane jo e aMzo kharekhara vikArI ja che to nyAya e ja che ke aMzI (-para brahma) paNa amukta banaze. kema ke jenA aMzo vikArI che te aMzI mukta hoya ja kaI rIte? A dalIlano zloka Ama che - muktAMzatve vikAritvamaMzAnAM nopapadyate / teSAM ceha vikAritve sannItyA'muktatA'zinaH / / AmAM cothA padamAM mutA pahelAM avagraha nathI ema samajIne TIkAkAre vyAkhyAna karyuM che. paraMtu ene lIdhe vaktavya taddana aspaSTa rahe che. TIkAkAre karelA sarvanAmanA artha paNa ghaNI jagyAe badalavA jevA lAge che. jema ke - zloka pada TIkA artha saMbhavita artha 216 tasyAH mukticchAyAH 200 asya strIratnasya gurudevAdipUjanasya 344 tenaiva puruSakAreNaiva bhAvenaiva asya pUrvoktayogabhAjaH cAritriNaH 407 ayam anyasaMyogaH apagamaH 419 adhyAtmAdiyogaH vRttisaMkSayaH 513 tadvaita puruSArthalakSaNe puruSadvaite (puruSabahutve) A arthone lIdhe tAtparyamAM ghaNo phera paDI jAya che. saTIka graMthonI eka sauthI moTI samasyA e hoya che ke TIkAkAra bhagavaMtane mULa graMthano je pATha mut: 372 uSa:

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yogabiMdu-TIkA aMge thoDuMka ciMtana maLyo ane je pATha teoe svIkAryo te pATha azuddha hoya topaNa eTalo rUDha thaI jAya ke kALakrame enA sivAya bIjA pAThanI kalpanA paNa koIne nathI AvatI. TIkA dharAvatI pratomAM to e pATha hoya ja, paNa TIkA vagaranI ekala mULanI keTalIka pratomAM paNa e ja pATha pravezI jAya che. A zakyatAne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ame adhyayana daramiyAna yogabiMdu-mULanI paNa prato sAthe rAkhI hatI. A pratoe evA ghaNA pATho pUrA pADyA ke je TIkAkAre svIkArelA pATha karatAM vadhu saMgata lAgyA. jema ke zloka 207nI pahelI paMkti Ama che - prakRterA yatazcaiva nA'pravRttyAdidharmatAm / AnI TIkA Ama che - prakRteH - varmasaMjJitAyAH A - arvA yaAva - ta va 6 deto: na - naiva apravRttyAdidharmatAm - apravRttirnivRttAdhikAritvaM..... ahIM amane mUMjhavato prazna e hato ke - A - * arvAno konI sAthe anvaya karavo ? jo eno anvaya pravRtyAvidharmatAnI sAthe karavAno hoya to tyAM niyamAnusAra paMcamI kema nathI ? vaLI Avo anvaya karIne 'prakRtinA apravRttidharmathI pahelAM' Avo artha karIe to AvA arthanA sUcaka zabdo 'tathA vihAya' bIjI paMktimAM Ave che tenuM zuM kAma ? vicAra karatAM jaNAyuM ke ahIM bIjo ja koI pATha hovo joIe. ane yogabiMdu-mULanI prata jotAM 'praterAbhanacaiva' Avo sAco pATha maLI Avyo. Arno artha e che ke prakRti ane AtmA - e baMnemAM jyAM sudhI apravRtti-anyAdhikAranivRtti vagere dharmo na pragaTe tyAM sudhI samyakUciMtana nathI ja thaI zakatuM. A artha prakaraNa sAthe taddana saMgata thAya che. 25 AvA ja keTalAka yogabiMdu-mULanI pratamAMthI maLelA pATha. TIkA saMmata pATha zloka 7 sarvaM na mukhyamupapadyate mULa pATha sarvajanuSAmupapattitaH malamayyeva 0bandhakasyaiva 141 251 252 0 nItitastveSa 209 nyAyyA siddhina hetvabhedataH 486 sambandhazcitra0 495 samAdhi0 sa citrazcitra0 samAdhe0 tadanyAbhAvavAde vA tatazcintyA 513 tadanyAbhAvanAdeva tatazcintyo 521 A noMdha phakta namUnA pUratI ja rajU karI che. A badhA pAThothI graMthakArano Azaya keTalI sarasa rIte jANI zakAya che te vAta abhyAsIo te te sthAne TIkA joIne samajI zakaze. malanAyaiva 0bandhakasyaivaM 0 nItitastveva nyAyAtsiddhina hetubhedataH atre yogabiMdu-TIkA aMge je ciMtanIya biMduo rajU karyAM che, te badhAM sAcAM ja che evo A lekhakano dAvo nathI. zrIharibhadrasUrijIe aneka yogaparaMparAone avagAhIne tenAM rahasyone AtmasAt karIne potAnA graMthomAM gUMthyAM che. tethI jainadarzananI sAthe ne sAthe anya yogaparaMparAone avalokIne ja teonA yogagraMthone yogya nyAya ApI zakAya. tethI jo koI prAjJapuruSa

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munizrI trailokyamaMDanavijayajI yogaparaMparAonA avagAhanapUrvaka pUrvAparanA anusaMdhAna tapAsIne jo A TIkAne joze to tene aneka sthAno avazya vicAraNIya jaNAze. eka vAta khAsa dhyAna ApavA jevI e che ke ApaNe tyAM TIkAo ke anuvAdonuM adhyayana karatI vakhate enI saMgati ke zuddhi aMge bhAgye ja vicA2vAmAM Ave che. AnuM mukhya kAraNa e lAge che ke TIkA ke anuvAda karatAM juduM vicAravAmAM te racanArA bhagavaMtonI AzAtanAno bhaya jaNAya che. paNa badhI vakhate Avo Dara rAkhavo vAjabI nathI hoto. chadmasthasulabha anAbhogajanya kSatinI saMbhAvanA to koI paNa kALe rahetI ja hoya che. joke prAcIna maharSionI bahuzrutatA praznAtIta hovAne lIdhe AvI saMbhAvanA bahu ja ochI hoya che, topaNa sAmagrInI te kALe pravartatI durlabhatA bahu moTo bhAga bhajavatI hoya che. tethI vadhu pramANabhUta sAmagrI upalabdha thAya tyAre te TIkAkAra ke anuvAdaka pratye akhaMDa bahumAna jALavI rAkhIne jo yogya rIte vicAra karIe to emAM AzAtanA nahIM, paNa ArAdhanA ja che. alabatta upA. zrIyazovijayajIe sAcuM ja kahyuM che ke - arathakArathI AjanA, adhikA zubhamati koNa ? tole amiyataNe nahi, Ave kahiye loNa... 26 (50 gAthAnuM stavana) paNa A bAbatamAM teozrInAM ja nIcenAM TaMkazALI vacano atyaMta mananIya jaNAya che prAcAM vAcAM vimukhaviSayonmeSasUkSmekSikAyAM, ye'raNyAnIbhayamadhigatA navyamArgAnabhijJA: 1 teSAmeSA samayavaNijAM sanmatigranthagAthA, vizvAsAya svanayavipaNiprAjyavANijyavIthI / / (jJAnabindu - prazastiH ?) 'zAstranAM prAcIna vAkyomAMthI yuktisaMgata navo artha zodhavAmAM te ja loko Dare che je tarkazAstrathI anabhijJa che. tevA loko mATe A sanmatitarkanI gAthAo ja dRSTAMtarUpa che ke jemAM nayavAdane anusarIne prAcIna sUtronA yuktisaMgata navA artho tAravavAmAM AvyA che.'

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jainadarzanamAM jJAna-darzananI samasyA jaina tattvajJAnamAM pAribhASika "darzana' zabda be arthamAM prayukta che - zraddhA ane eka prakArano bodha. jJAna paNa bodharUpa che ane darzana paNa bodharUpa che. to A be bodhamAM zo bheda che ? temanI vacce kevo saMbaMdha che? jJAna ane darzananuM svarUpa, temanA viSayo ane temanA kAlika saMbaMdha Adi vize jaina ciMtakomAM bahu UMDA matabhedo pravarte che, je darzAve che ke mULa paraMparAnI vismRti thaI gaI che. A matabhedono vicAra karI, teo svIkArya zA mATe nathI te darzAvI, anne yogya mata kevo hovo joIe enI vicAraNA karIzuM. (A) keTalAka jaina ciMtako anusAra je sAmAnyagrAhI che te darzana ane vizeSagrAhI che te jJAna. A kAraNe pahelAM darzana thAya ane pachI jJAna thAya, kAraNa ke jeNe sAmAnyanuM grahaNa karyuM na hoya te vizeSane grahaNa karavA pravRtta thato nathI. A pakSa viruddha nIce pramANe Apattio ApavAmAM AvI che : (1) sauprathama thatuM darzana sAmAnyagrAhI che ane te pachI thatuM jJAna vizeSagrAhI che - A vAta sarvasAmAnya nathI. sautrAntika bauddhonA mate darzana je sauprathama thAya che ane jene ja teo pratyakSa gaNe che te vizeSagrAhI (svalakSaNagrAhI) che ane tenA pachI thatuM jJAna sAmAnyagrAhI che. sAmAnyane teo vastusatuM mAnatA nathI. te kevaLa vyAvRttirUpa che. gotva sAmAnya agovyAvRtti ja che. darzana pachI thatuM jJAna samAropono vyavaccheda mAtra kare che. darzana vastune tenA saghaLA guNo sahita jANe che. tenA pachI thatuM jJAna to tenA upara bhrAntinA kAraNe thatA samAropono vyavaccheda kare che. paNa koI adRSTa yA apratIta vavaMzano bodha karAvatuM nathI. nagIna jI. zAha

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nagIna jI. zAha padArthavAdI vaizeSika ciMtakomAM vaizeSika darzanamAM aneka nUtana vicArone dAkhala karI navuM rUpa ApanAra, padArthadharmasaMgrahanA kartA prazastapAda anusAra sauprathama thanArA bodhamAM kevaLa sAmAnyanuM grahaNa thatuM nathI paraMtu A bodhane apAyela nAma "avibhakta Alocana' sUcave che te mujaba dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa ane samavAya badhA ja padArthonuM avibhakta rUpe grahaNa thAya che. te pachI thanAro bodha kramathI te padArthone pRthapha karI temanAM vizeSaNo sAthe joDIne jANe che. sauprathama para ane apara sAmAnyone avibhakta piMDamAMthI pRthak karI jANavAmAM Ave che. Ane prazastapAda "svarUpAlocana' kahe che. Ama A svarUpAlocana kevaLa sAmAnyagrAhI che. pachI te sAmAnyo jemAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahe che te dravya, guNa, karmane avibhakta piMDamAMthI pRthaka karI te te sAmAnyone temanI sAthe vizeSaNa rUpe joDI temane te te sAmAnyathI viziSTa jANavAmAM Ave che, ityAdi. (2) sAmAnyanuM grahaNa darzana ane vizeSanuM grahaNa jJAna ema hoya to kevaLadarzana pachI kevaLajJAna thavuM joIe. jyAre temanI bAbatamAM UlaTo krama svIkArAyo che - pahelAM kevaLajJAna ane pachI kevaLadarzana.5 (3) sAmAnyanuM grahaNa darzana ane vizeSanuM grahaNa jJAna ema mAnatAM kevaLadarzanamAM vizeSanuM agrahaNa ane kevaLajJAnamAM sAmAnyanuM agrahaNa mAnavuM paDe, pariNAme kevaLadarzana ane kevaLajJAna baMnemAM apUrNatAnI Apatti Ave. (4) jainone mate vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka che, te kevaLa sAmAnyAtmaka paNa nathI ke kevaLa vizeSAtmaka paNa nathI. eTale darzanane kevaLa sAmAnyagrAhI ane jJAnane kevaLa vizeSagrAhI mAnavAthI na to darzana vastugrAhI gaNAze ke na to jJAna vastugrAhI gaNAze, pariNAme darzana ane jJAna baMne apramANa banI jaze. A ja vastune dhavalAkAra bIjI rIte kahe che : sAmAnyarahita kevala vizeSa arthakriyA karavA asamartha che ane je arthakriyA karavA asamartha hoya te avastu che. eTale sAmAnyarahita kevaLa vizeSane grahaNa karanAra jJAnane pramANa mAnI zakAya nahIM. jema kevaLa vizeSane grahaNa karanAra jJAna apramANa che tema kevaLa sAmAnyane grahaNa karanAra darzana paNa apramANa che. A ApattimAMthI bacavA keTalAka jaina ciMtakoe kahyuM ke darzana kevaLa sAmAnyane nahi ane jJAna kevaLa vizeSane nahi paraMtu darzana ane jJAna baMne sAmAnya ane vizeSa baMnene grahaNa kare che. kiMtu darzana sAmAnyane pradhAnapaNe ane vizeSane gauNapaNe jyAre jJAna vizeSane pradhAnapaNe ane sAmAnyane gauNapaNe grahaNa kare che. A rIte darzana ane jJAna baMnene sAmAnyavizeSagrAhI arthAt vastugrAhI puravAra karIne pramANa siddha karyA. paraMtu Ama mAnIe topaNa sAmAnya jananI bAbatamAM darzana pahelAM ane jJAna pachI e je yogya krama svIkArAyo che tenAthI UlaTo krama je kevalInI bAbatamAM svIkAravAmAM Avyo che te ghaTI zakato nathI. | (B) jo kahevAmAM Ave ke nirvicAra (nirvikalpa) bodha darzana che ane savicAra (savikalpa) bodha jJAna che to sAmAnya janomAM prathama darzana ane pachI jJAna evo je krama che tenAthI UlaTo krama

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jainadarzanamAM jJAna-darzananI samasyA yogIomAM hoya che ema kahevuM yathArtha che. enuM kAraNa e che ke endriyaka bodhamAM nirvicAra darzana paheluM ane savicAra jJAna pachI ja thAya che. paraMtu dhyAnonI bAbatamAM savicAra dhyAna prathama ane nirvicAra dhyAna pachI thAya che. jaina", bauddha ane pAtaMjala yogamAM A svIkArAyela che ane buddhigamya paNa che. tethI savicAra dhyAnamAM je savicAra bodha hoya che te jJAna ane nirvicAra dhyAnamAM je nirvicAra bodha hoya che te darzana. Ama aindriyaka koTimAM darzana pahelAM ane jJAna pachI jyAre dhyAnanI yaugika koTimAM jJAna pahelAM ane darzana pachI evo UlaTo krama hoya che. paraMtu jaino savicAra dhyAnamAM je savicAra bodha hoya che tene kevaLajJAna mAnatA nathI ane nirvicAra dhyAnamAM je nirvicAra bodha hoya che tene kevaLadarzana mAnatA nathI." (C) vIrasena AcArya pakhaMDAgamanI potAnI dhavalATIkAmAM kahe che ke sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka bAhya arthanuM grahaNa jJAna che ane sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka svarUpanuM grahaNa darzana che. arthAt svagrAhI darzana ane paragrahI jJAna.12 A mata svIkAratAM AgamavAkyonI padAvalImAM AvatAM "nAga pAsa' e be pado jJAna ane darzana baMneno viSaya eka nahi paNa bhinna che e mAnavA pharaja pADe, je taddana ayogya che. kharekhara to 'nApasavALA pratyeka AgamavAkyanuM karma (object) eka ja che, ane te karmane vAkyano kartA jANe paNa che ane dekhe paNa che. eTale jJAnano ane darzanano viSaya bhinna che evI vAta ghaTatI nathI. viSayabhede jJAna-darzanano bheda samajAvavo yogya nathI. svarUpabhede temano bheda samajAvavo joIe. vaLI, AgamomAM aneka vAkyonA kartAnI bAbatamAM kahyuM che ke te jANe che ane dekhe che (jhALa; pAsara)' - temano kartA chabastha arthAt sAmAnya jana hoya ke kevalI hoya. A uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke sAmAnya jana ane kevalI baMnenI bAbatamAM jJAna ane darzanano ekasarakho krama ja che - pahelAM jJAna ane pachI darzana. paraMtu A aMge jaina ciMtakoe vizeSa vicAraNA karI nathI ane khoLI kADhyuM nathI ke jJAna ane darzananuM kevuM svarUpa hoya to AgamanI padAvalImAM Avato A krama sarvasAdhAraNapaNe saunI bAbatamAM ghaTe. bhAratIya darzanomAM bIje kyAMya jJAna ane darzana be bhinna zaktiono svIkAra che? jo hoya to temano svarUpabheda kevo che ? jJAnanuM svarUpa kevuM che ? darzananuM svarUpa kevuM che? temano krama kevo che ? bhAratIya darzanomAM sAMkhyadarzanane adhika prAcIna mAnavAmAM Ave che. tyAM jJAna ane darzanano be sAva bhinna zaktio tarIke svIkAra che. te baMne paraspara eTalAM to bhinna che ke temanA dhAraka tarIke koI eka tattva svIkArAyuM nathI. sAMkhya mate jJAnano dhAraka citta che ane darzanano dhAraka AtmA (puruSa) che. jJAna cittano dharma che jyAre darzana AtmAno dharma che. citta jJAtA che ane AtmA draSTA che. cittamAM jJAna, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, zubha karma, azubha karma ane saMskAra che; jyAre AtmAne mAtra darzana ja che. AtmAnuM kAma mAtra darzana karavAnuM che. ekamAtra darzana ja tenA astitvano AdhAra che. citta pariNAminitya ane dehapariNAma che, jyAre AtmA kUTasthanitya ane vibhu che. jaina ciMtakoe kUTanitya ane vibhu AtmAno niSedha karI, pariNAminitya ane dehaparimANa cittano svIkAra karI, cittane ja jJAnanI sAthe darzananuM paNa dhAraka mAnyuM. citta ja jJAtA

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uo nagIna jI. zAha che ane citta ja draSTA che. cittamAM sAMkhya jJAna uparAMta je sukhAdi dharmo mAnyA che temane to jaino paNa cittamAM mAne che. jaina ciMtakoe Atmatattvano to asvIkAra karyo paraMtu "AtmA' nAmano svIkAra karI lIdho ane cittatattvane "AtmA' nAma ApI bhrama Ubho karyo ke jeno AtmavAdI che. jaino AtmavAdI nathI. sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA ane vedAnta AtmavAdI che, te badhAM kUTanitya ane vibhu Atmatattvane mAne che; jyAre jaino ane bauddho anAtmavAdI che. jaino ane bauddho cittane ja mAne che. mAtra bauddho ja nahIM paNa jaino paNa anAtmavAdI che. ApaNe e na bhUlavuM joIe ke mULa eka ja zramaNa paraMparAnI te be zAkhAo che. bauddhonI jema ja jaino paNa cittane ja mAne che. jaina paraMparAmAM prasiddha sacitta-acittanuM dvandra A vAtanuM samarthana kare che. vaLI, putti jevA zabdaprayogo paNa darzAve che ke je cetanatattvane jaina paraMparA mAne che te Atmatattva nathI paNa cittatattva ja che. sAMkhyadarzana anusAra citta bAhya ghaTapaTAdi viSayone te viSayonA AkAre pariNamIne jANe che ane AMtara viSaya AtmAne (puruSane) AtmAnA AkAre pariNamIne jANe che. cittanA viSayAkAra pariNAmane ja cittavRtti ke jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. ghaTajJAna e cittano ghaTAkAra pariNAma che. A cittavRttine (jJAnane) AtmA pratibiMba rUpe dhAraNa kare che. A rIte AtmA cittavRttinuM grahaNa kare che, darzana kare che. Ama AtmAnA darzanano viSaya che cittano viSayAkAra pariNAma (= cittavRtti = jJAna). badhI pAribhASikatAne bAjue rAkhIe to A badhAno sIdho artha e thAya ke bAhya ke AMtara viSayano bodha e jJAna, ane bAhya ke AMtara viSayanA jJAnanuM jJAna e darzana. Ama jJAna ane darzananI taddana bhinna zreNI che, bhinna pAyarI che. temano zAbdika AkAra kevo hoya e joIe. huM ghaTane jANuM chuM" A jJAnanA zAbdika AkAranuM dRSTAnta che ane "mane bhAna che ke mane ghaTajJAna thayuM che" A darzananA zAbdika AkAranuM dRSTAMta che. saMskRtamAM kahIe to 'daM ghaTaM nAnAma" A jJAna kahevAya ane "dAne ki gatiniti marda nAnAma' A darzana kahevAya. aMgrejImAM, 'I know a pot - A jJAna che', jyAre 'I am conscious of the fact that I know a pot' - A darzana che. Ama jJAna ane darzana e be taddana bhinna koTinA bodha che. sAMkhya paribhASA ane prakriyA anusAra citta jevuM viSayanA AkAre pariName che ke tarata ja vyavadhAna vinA cittano viSayAkAra pariNAma (= cittavRtti = jJAna) AtmAmAM pratibiMbita thAya che (darzana). jenuM citta che te AtmA sadA cittanI AgaLa darpaNanI jema upasthita che eTale citta je AkAra pariNAma dvArA dhAraNa kare che te tarata ja vinA vyavadhAna AtmAmAM pratibiMbita thAya che. arthAt sAMkhyadarzana anusAra cittavRtti arthAt jJAna AtmAne sadA jJAta (daSTa) che.14 cittavRtti (jJAna) AtmAthI eka kSaNa paNa ajJAta (aSTa) rahetI nathI. arthAt viSayanuM jJAna thatAMveMta ja te jJAna AtmA vaDe dekhAI jAya che, jJAna ane darzana vacce eka kSaNanuM paNa vyavadhAna hotuM nathI. eTale kahI zakAya ke jJAna ane darzana yugapatuM che. paraMtu jJAna vinA jJAnanuM darzana thatuM nathI kema ke jJAna svayaM darzanano viSaya che. jJAna thatAM ja jJAnanuM darzana thAya che eTale bhale kAlika krama na hoya paNa tArkika krama to che, tArkika kramamAM pahelAM jJAna ane pachI darzana evo krama che.

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jenadarzanamAM jJAna-darzananI samasyA badhI sAMkhyanI paribhASA ane prakriyA dUra karI tenA zuddha rUpamAM samajavAmAM Ave to sAMkhyadarzananI jJAna-darzananI mAnyatA jainonAM jJAna-darzanane samajavAmAM ane AgamomAM AvatI padAvalI "gALa pAsanA krama dvArA chadmastha (sAmAnya jana) ane kevalI baMnenI bAbatamAM sarvasAmAnyapaNe sUcavAtA jJAna ane darzananA ekasarakhA kramano khulAso karavAmAM ghaNI sahAya karI zake che. . sAMkhyadarzanamAM sUcavyuM che ke ghaTapaTAdi viSayano bodha e jJAna che ane A jJAnanuM jJAna e darzana che. A ja artha jainadarzanamAM hovAno bhAre saMbhava che. AgamomAM AvatAM "nALa pAsavALAM vAkyo darzAve che ke vAkyono kartA chadmastha hoya ke kevalI te pahelAM jANe che ane pachI dekhe che. nAga pAsa' sAthe gujarAtI bhASAmAM vaparAto "jANIjoIne' zabdaprayoga sarakhAvavA jevo che. mArI sthApanA e nathI ke "nAga pAsa'mAMthI gujarAtI "jANIjoIne' zabdaprayoga UtarI Avyo che. mAre to eTaluM ja kahevuM che ke baMnemAM dhAtuo eka ja che ane krama paNa ekasarakho che. jANIjoIne'mAM prathaMma jANavAnI kriyA ane pachI jovAnI kriyA evo krama spaSTa che. ahIM jANavA karatAM jovAmAM kaMIka vizeSa che e spaSTapaNe sUcita thAya che. jovAmAM sabhAnatA e vizeSa che ane jJAnanuM jJAna arthAt darzana e sabhAnatA sAthe barAbara baMdha bese che. eTale lAge che to evuM ke jJAna ane darzanano Avo artha abhipreta hovo joIe, ane e artha letAM sarvasAmAnyapaNe chadmastha ane kevalIne pahelAM jJAna ane pachI darzana evo krama (kAlika nahIM to chevaTe tArkika) svIkAravo joIe. paraMtu uttarakAlIna tarkayugamAM jainadarzane to evuM mAnyuM ke jJAnanuM jJAna cittane (AtmAne) nahIM paNa jJAnane thAya che. ghaTAdinuM jJAna pote ja ghaTAdinA jJAnane jANe che. jJAna pote ja potAne jANe che. arthAt jJAna pote ja potAnuM saMvedana kare che. Ama jaina tArkikoe jJAnanA jJAna mATe svasaMvedana mAnyuM. paraMtu jyAM sudhI huM jANuM chuM tyAM sudhI to AgamomAM kyAMya "saMvevana (saMvevana)' zabda Avato nathI ke svasaMvedananI vibhAvanA maLatI nathI. tarkayugamAM jyAre bhAratIya tArkikoe prazna uThAvyo ke jJAnanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya che tyAre bhinna bhinna darzananA tArkikoe bhinna bhinna uttaro ApyA. nyAyavaizeSika ciMtakoe kahyuM ke jJAna pote potAne jANatuM nathI paraMtu jJAna anuvyavasAyarUpa bIjA jJAnathI jJAta thAya che, A anuvyavasAya mAnasapratyakSarUpa che. mImAMsakoe kahyuM ke jJAnanuM jJAna jJAnanA viSayamAM AvelI jJAtatA uparathI anumita thAya che. sAMkhyoe kahyuM ke jJAnanuM jJAna eka viziSTa prakAranA bodharUpa darzanathI thAya che ane jaina tArkikoe kahyuM ke jJAnanuM jJAna svasaMvedanarUpa che, jJAna svasaMvedI che, jJAna pote ja potAne jANe che. A jaina mAnyatAnuM khaMDana keTalAke ema kahIne karyuM ke A jaina mAnyatAmAM kartakarmavirodhano doSa Ave che, eka ja kriyAno kartA ane karma eka hoI zake nahIM, game teTalo kuzaLa naTa hoya to paNa te pote potAnA upara (potAnA khabhA upara) caDI zake nahIM, game teTalI dhAradAra talavAra hoya topaNa te pote potAne kApI zake nahIM. jaina tArkikoe dIpakanA dRSTAMtathI A Apatti TALI. paraMtu zuM jJAna pote potAne jANe che ema jaino mAnI zake ? jJAna to cittano (AtmAno) guNa che ane te cittamAM rahe che. have jo jJAna pote potAne jANatuM hoya to jJAnamAM paNa jJAnaguNa mAnavo paDe. jJAna svayaM guNa che ane jJAnamAM

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nagIna jI. zAha - vaLI jJAnaguNa mAnatAM guNamAM guNa mAnavAnI Apatti Ave. sarvamAnya siddhAnta to e che ke guNo nirguNa che (nirguE INTE), guNamAM guNa na hoI zake. eTale jJAnanuM jJAna svayaM jJAnane thAya che ema na mAnatAM, jJAnanuM jJAna paNa cittane (AtmAne) thAya che ema mAnavuM yogya che. ane vaLI mAnavuM joIe ke cittane ghaTAdi viSayanuM jJAna thatAMveMta ja ghaTAdi viSayanA jJAnanuM jJAna paNa thaI jAya che. ghaTAdi viSayanuM jJAna cittathI eka kSaNa paNa ajJAta rahetuM nathI. niSkarSa e ke jainasammata jJAna-darzananuM svarUpa ane temano viSaya. uparanI vicAraNA uparathI AvAM phalita thAya che : cittamAM (AtmAmAM) be taddana bhinna zaktio che - jJAnazakti ane darzanazakti. jJAnazaktithI citta ghaTAdi viSayone jANe che. ghaTAdi viSayanuM jJAna thatAMveMta ja vinA vyavadhAna citta darzanazaktithI ghaTAdijJAnane jANe che.15 Ama jJAna ane darzana e taddana bhinna zreNInI zaktio che. te be zaktionA vyApAramAM vyavadhAna na hoI kAlika krama jaNAto nathI paraMtu tArkika krama to che ja. ghaTAdijJAna thayA vinA ghaTAdijJAnanuM darzana thatuM nathI kema ke ghaTAdijJAna to darzanano viSaya che. eTale tArkika kramamAM pahelAM jJAna ane pachI darzana che ane A krama sarvanI bAbatamAM ekasarakho che. pAdaTIpA jaM sAmaNNagahaNaM daMsaNameyaM visesiyaM NANaM / sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 2.1 yatastu nAparimRSTasAmAnyo vizeSAya dhAvati / tattvArthabhASyasiddhasenagaNiTIkA, 2.9 tasmAd dRSTasya bhAvasya dRSTa evAkhilo guNaH / pramANavArtika, 3.44 - yAvanto'sya parabhAvAstAvanta eva yathAsvaM nimittabhAvinaH samAropA iti tadavyavacchedakAni bhavanti, pramANAni saphalAni syuH / teSAM tu vyavacchedaphalAnAM nApratItavastvaMzapratyAyane pravRttiH, tasya dRSTatvAt / pramANavArtikasvopajJavRtti, svArthAnu mAnapariccheda, kArikA 46-47 4. tatra sAmAnyavizeSeSu (para= -aparasAmAnyeSu) svarUpAlocanamAtra pratyakSa pramANaM... pramitirdravyAdiviSayaM jnyaanm| sAmAnyavizeSajJAnotpattau aviktAlocanamAtraM pratyakSaM pramANamasmin nAnyat pramANAntaramasti / prazastapadmANa, mAnAtha-llA graMthamAnA (2), sapUnavizvavidyAtriya, vArANasI, 777, pR. 472-72 anyaJca yasmin samaye sakalakarmavinirmukto jIva: saJjAyate tasmin samaye jJAnopayogopayukta eva, na darzanopayogopayuktaH darzanopayogasya dvitIyasamaye bhAvAt / karmagranthasvopaz2aTIkA, 1.3 . DhaMsaTIVITchuM sAmarnavizesapradaMvADuM | teNa Na savvaNNU so NAyA Na ya savvadarisI vi / / - dharmasaMgrahaNi gAthA, 1360 api ca na jJAnaM pramANaM sAmAnyavyatiriktavizeSasyArthakriyAkartRtvaM pratyasamarthatvato'vastuno grahaNAta.... / tata eva na darzanamapi pramANam / dhavalA, 1.1.4, pR. 146 jainoe ucca koTinuM zudhyAna mAnyuM che. tenA cAra bhedo che. temAM prathama bheda che suvicAra zukladhyAna ane tenI pachI thanAro zukladhyAnano bIjo bheda che nirvicAra zukladhyAna. vivAre dvitIyam - tattvArthasUtra, .44 (emAMthI bIjuM avicAra che, arthAtuM paheluM savicAra che.). 9. bauddhonA Arya aSTAMgika mArganuM AThamuM aMga samyaka samAdhi che. tenI cAra bhUmikAo che jemane che.

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jenadarzanamAM jJAna-darzananI samasyA cAra dhyAno kahevAmAM Ave che. te cAramAM paheluM dhyAna savicAra che, jyAre te pachI thanAruM bIjuM nirvicAra che. bauddho kahe che ke prathama dhyAnamAM vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha ane ekAgratA e pAMca hoya che. dvitIya dhyAnamAM vitarka ane vicAra rahetA nathI paNa bAkInAM prIti, sukha ane ekAgratA rahe che. tRtIya dhyAnamAM prIti rahetI nathI paNa sukha ane ekAgratA rahe che. caturtha dhyAnamAM ekAgratA ane upekSA ja hoya che. vizuddhimA, hiMdI anuvAda, bhikSu dharmarakSita, prakAzaka mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1956, bhAga-1, pR. 129-152 pAtaMjala yogamAM cAra samApattionI vAta che. trIjI samApatti vicAro che ane tenA pachI thatI samApatti nirvicArA che. vaLI, aneka vAra samAdhinA savikalpa samAdhi ane nirvikalpa samAdhi e be bheda karI savikalpa samAdhi pahelAM ane nirvikalpa samAdhi pachI thAya che ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che. 11. jaina matamAM AdhyAtmika utkrAMtine cauda bhUmikAomAM (guNasthAnomAM) vibhakta karI che. temAM bAramI bhUmikAmAM (kSINamohaguNasthAnamAM) mohano kSaya thAya che ane sAdhaka vItarAga bane che. tenuM jJAna ane darzana rAgAdi maLothI rahita zuddha hoya che. ahIM zukladhyAnanA prathama be bhedo savicAra zukladhyAna ane nirvicAra zukladhyAna hoya che. nirvicAra zukladhyAnanI utkRSTa koTie mohakSaya bAda antarmuhUrtamAM ja jJAnAvaraNIya ane darzanAvaraNIya karmano kSaya thatAM teramA saMyogakevalI guNasthAnamAM sAdhaka pahelAM kevaLajJAna ane pachI kevaLadarzana pAme che. AvI jaina mAnyatA che. 12. sAmAnyavizeSAtmakabAhyArthagrahaNaM jJAnam, tadAtmakasvarUpagrahaNaM darzanamiti siddham / dhavalATIkA, prathama pustaka, pR. 147 ghaTaprAsAdapradIpakalpaM saMkocavikAsi cittaM zarIraparimANAkAramAtramiti apare pratipannAH / yogabhASya, 4.10. evamapare sAGkhyA AhurityarthaH / yogavArtika, 4.10 14. savA jJAtAttivRttayastatvamaH puruSAparimitvA | yogasUtra 4.28 15. ApaNe kahIe chIe ke AMkha ghaTapaTAdine dekhe che. paraMtu kharekhara to AMkha vaDe citta (AtmA) ghaTapaTAdine dekhe che. tevI ja rIte jJAna ghaTapaTAdine jANe ema kahevA karatAM citta (AtmA) jJAnazakti vaDe ghaTapaTAdine jANe che ema kahevuM vadhu sAruM che, asaMdigdha che. ane darzana ghaTAdijJAnane dekhe che ema kahevA karatAM citta (AtmA) darzanazakti vaDe ghaTAdijJAnane dekhe che ema kahevuM vadhu sAruM che, asaMdigdha che. jJAtA ane draSTA (jANanAra ane jonAra) citta (AtmA) ja che. A rIte vicAratAM to jJAna pote potAne jANe che e vAtano meLa besato nathI.

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6 hariprasAda zAstrI bhAratIya pratimAvidhAna bhAratamAM devo, tIrthaMkaro ane buddhonI upAsanA atiprAcIna che. teonI upAsanA mATe pratimAo ati upayogI sAdhana che. pratimAonA nirmANa mATe pratimAvidhAnanA graMthomAM vigatavAra nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. zaiva dharmamAM liMgapUjA tathA zivanAM vividha saumya ane raudra svarUponI ArAdhanA thAya che. vaiSNava dharmamAM viSNunA daza avatAro tathA caturbhuja viSNunAM 24 svarUpo mahimA dharAve che. jaina dharmamAM 24 tIrthaMkaro, vidyAdevIo, yakSo ane yakSiNIonI pratimAo pUjAya che. bauddha dharmamAM pAMca dhyAnI buddho, sAta mAnuSI buddho, bodhisattvo ane devI tArAnI upAsanA pracalita che. bhAratamAM mUrtipUjA Adya-aitihAsika kAlathI pracalita rahI che. zilpakalAmAM pratimA-zilpano vikAsa thayo. pratimAvidhAnanA vijJAnano vikAsa thatAM e vize aneka graMtha lakhAyA. emAM pratimAnA padArthothI mAMDIne pratimAnI vividha avasthAonuM temaja emAM prayojAtAM mudrAo, Asano, Ayudho, alaMkAro ityAdinuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa prApta thAya che. zivaliMganI pratimAmAM liMganA upalA vRttAkAra bhAgamAM rudra, vacalA aSTakoNIya bhAgamAM viSNu ane nIcalA samacorasa bhAgamAM brahmAnI upAsanA thatI manAya che. zivanAM raudra svarUpomAM kAyAntaka, gajAsurasaMhA2ka, kAmAri,

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bhAratIya pratimAvidhAna 35 tripurAntaka, zarabheza, brahmaziracchedaka, vIrabhadra, jalaMdharasaMhAraka, mallAri ane andhakAsurasaMhAraka svarUpa prayojAyAM che; ane anugraha svarUpomAM caMdezAnugraha, viSNu-anugraha, naMdIza-anugraha, viddhezvara-anugraha, kirAtArjuna ane rAvaNAnugraha svarUpa pracalita che. A uparAMta zivanuM naTarAjasvarUpa tathA raudra bhairava-svarUpa paNa pracalita che. viSNunAM vividha svarUpo caturbhuja svarUpa mukhya che. emAM e potAnA cAra hAthamAM zaMkha, cakra, gadA ane padma dhAraNa kare che. bhagavAna viSNunI UbhI pratimAmAM e be hAtha upalA bhAgamAM ane be hAtha nIcenA bhAgamAM rAkhe che; ne e cAra bhujAomAM zaMkha, cakra, gadA ane padmane judA judA 24 krame dhAraNa kare che; e anusAra bhagavAna viSNu kezava, nArAyaNa, mAdhava, goviMda ityAdi 24 nAme oLakhAya che. viSNunA vividha avatAromAM 10 mukhya che : matsya, kUrma, varAha, nRsiMha, vAmana, parazurAma, rAma, kRSNa, buddha ane kalki. hiMdu dharmamAM ziva ane viSNu uparAMta sUrya, gaNapati ane brahmA jevA anya devo temaja lakSmI ane sarasvatI jevI devIo paNa pratimA svarUpe pUjAya che. vaLI devIomAM saptamAtRkAo paNa mahimA dharArve che. emAM brAhmI, mAhezvarI, kaumArI, vaiSNavI, vArAhI ane aindrI to brahmA, mahezvara (ziva), kumAra (kArtikeya), viSNu, varAha ane indranI ardhAMganAo che, jyAre cAmuMDA e mAtRkAnuM svataMtra svarUpa che. ' hiMdu dharmamAM A uparAMta ATha dizAonA ATha dikapAlonI paNa upAsanA pracalita che. indra pUrva dizAnA, yama dakSiNa dizAnA, varuNa pazcima dizAnA ane kubera uttara dizAnA pAlaka che; jyAre agni, niRti, vAyu ane IzAna e cAra khUNAonuM pAlana kare che. - nava grahomAM sUrya, caMdra, bhauma (maMgaLa), budha, bRhaspati (guru), bhRgu (zukra), zanaizcara (zani), rAhu ane ketuno samAveza thAya che. jaina dharmamAM paNa mUrtividhAna tathA mUrtipUjA pracalita thaI che. emAM 24 tIrthakaro mukhya sthAna dharAve che. e che AdinAtha (RSabhadeva), ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinaMdananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmanAbha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, suvidhinAtha, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anaMtanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha, aranAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvrata, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIra svAmI. tIrthakaranI mUrtio be prakAranI hoya che : 1. dhyAnastha yogAsanamAM beThelI ane 2. kAyotsarga avasthAmAM UbhelI. A sarva tIrthakaronI pratimAo ekasarakhI lAge tevI hoya che. paraMtu dareka tIrthakara alaga alaga lAMchana dharAve che, tethI pratimAmAM te te lAMchana mukAya che. ne e anusAra dareka tIrthakaranI pichAna maLI rahe che. pArzvanAthanI pratimAmAM emanA mastaka upara 3, 7, 11 ke 1000 phaNA dharAvatA nAganuM chatra hoya che.

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36 hariprasAda zAstrI dareka tIrthaMkaranI sevA karavA mATe emanI jamaNI bAjue eka yakSa ane DAbI bAjue eka yakSiNI hoya che. dareka tIrthakarane potapotAnAM alaga alaga yakSa-yakSiNI hoya che. dAkhalA tarIke RSabhadevanA yakSa gomukha, pArzvanAthanA dharaNendra ane mahAvIra svAmInA yakSa mAtaMga che. dareka yakSa tathA yakSiNI potapotAnI viziSTa mudrAo dharAve che. vaLI dareka yakSa alaga alaga vAhana dharAve che ne emanA hastonI saMkhyA paNa alaga alaga hoya che. jaina dharmamAM A uparAMta 14 vidyAdevIonI pratimAo paNa pracalita che. A vidyAdevIonI adhiSThAtrI zrutadevI (sarasvatI) che. e dvibhuja ke caturbhuja hoya che. bauddha dharmamAM bhagavAna buddha apAra mahimA dharAve che. e saMpradAyamAM be prakAranA buddhanI upAsanA thAya che : 1. dhyAnI buddha ane 2. mAnuSI buddha. dhyAnI buddho svayaMbhU buddho che. teone bodhisattvanI kakSAmAMthI pasAra thavuM paDatuM nathI. dhyAnI buddho mukhyatve pAMca che : vairocana, akSobhya, ratnasaMbhava, amitAbha ane amoghasiddhi. AgaLa jatAM emAM vajasattvano umero thayo. pAMceya dhyAnI buddho dekhAve ekasarakhA lAge che, paraMtu teonI mudrAo, vAhano, varNo vageremAM vigatabheda rahelo che. dareka dhyAnIbuddha bevaDA vikasita kamaLa upara dhyAnastha mudrAmAM beThelA hoya che. emanA dehano ghaNo bhAga vastrathI DhaMkAyelo hoya che. emano jamaNo hAtha khullo hoya che. dareka dhyAnI buddhane ekeka zakti hoya che, e "buddhazakti' kahevAya che. buddhazakti dvArA buddha potAnA bodhisattvanuM sarjana kare che. buddhazakti lalitAsanamAM virAje che. e potAnA jamaNA hAthamAM kamaLa dhAraNa kare che. emano DAbo hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM hoya che. dhyAnI buddhanI pratimAonuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa A prakAranuM che : nAma varNa mudrA vAhana cihna vairocana zukla dharmacakra nAga cakra akSobhya nIla bhUmisparza gaja vaja ratnasaMbhava varadamudrA amitAbha 2kta samAdhimudrA mayUra padma amoghasiddhi zyAma abhayamudrA garuDa vizvavaja mAnuSI buddhanuM lakSaNa e che ke emane bodhijJAna prApta thayuM hoya che ne emaNe nirvANapada prApta karyuM hoya che. mAnuSI buddho sAta che. e badhA yogAsanamAM birAje che. emano jamaNo hAtha bhUmisparza mudrAmAM hoya che. dareka mAnuSI buddhane potapotAnI buddhizakti ane potapotAnAM bodhisattva hoya che. pIta siMha ratna :

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bhAratIya pratimAvidhAna teonI vigata A pramANe che : nAma vipazyI zikhI vizvabhU buddhazakti bodhisattva vipazyantI mahApati zikhimAlinI ratnadharA vizvadharA kakucachanda kakutI kanakamuni kaMThamAlinI kazyapa mahIdharA zAkyasiMha yazodharA 1. 2. 3. 4. AkAzagaMja zakamaMgala .5. kanakarAja dharmadhara AnaMda mAnuSI buddho uparAMta traNa bodhisattvonI paNa upAsanA thAya che H maMjuzrI, maitreya ane avalokitezvaranI. maMjuzrInAM 13 svarUpa che jyAre avalokitezvaranAM 15 svarUpa che. bodhisattva maitreyano varNa pILo che. e dhyAnI buddha amoghasiddhimAMthI AvirbhAva pAmelA che. emanuM lAMchana kaLaza ke cakra hoya che. UbhelI avasthAmAM e bhAre vastrAbhUSaNo tathA jamaNA hAthamAM anArya padma dhAraNa kare che. beThelI avasthAmAM e kAM to palAMThI vALela hoya che athavA emanA paga laTakatA hoya che. emanA mastakanI pAchaLanA prabhAmaMDaLamAM pAMca dhyAnI buddhonI AkRtio kaMDArI hoya che. maitreya bhAvi buddha che. samaya vItye teo dharmanuM rakSaNa karavA tuSita svargathI pRthvI para avataraze evuM manAya che. 37 bauddha dharmamAM devI 'tArA' nAme pUjAya che. tArA eTale saMsAra-sAgarane pAra karanAra devI. tArA bhISaNa svarUpa dharAve che. ene 4 hAtha hoya che. enA upalA be hAthamAM kartarI mudrA ane kapAla hoya che, jyAre nIcalA be hAthamAM khaDga ane nIlakamala hoya che. gujarAtamAM tAraMgA parvata para tAraNamAtAnuM maMdira AveluM che. tArAnI pratimAo uttara bhArata, tibeTa, nepALa ane cInamAM vyApaka che. Ama hiMdu, jaina ane bauddha dharmamAM anekavidha pratimAo ghaDAya che ne bhaktibhAvapUrvaka ArAdhAya che. saMdarbhasUci amIna je. pI., 'gujarAtanuM zaiva mUrtividhAna', amadAvAda, 1983 AcArya navInacaMdra, 'bauddhamUrtividhAna', amadAvAda, 1978 dave, kanaiyAlAla bhA. 'gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna', amadAvAda, 1963 zukla, jayakumAra (saMpA.) : 'hiMdu mUrtividhAna', amadAvAda, 1974, 'jaina mUrtividhAna', amadAvAda, 1980 sAvaliyA rAmajIbhAI, 'bhAratIya pratimAvidhAna', amadAvAda, 2008

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jainadarzanamAM karmavAda anaMta upakArI zrI tIrthakara bhagavaMtoe kevaLajJAnathI jagatanuM yathArtha svarUpa joyA pachI saMsArI jIvone te svarUpa dezanA dvArA samajAvyuM. temAM saMsArI jIvone duHkha-sukha apAvanAruM 'karma" nAmanuM eka tattva che Ama samajAvyuM. jenuM ghaNuM vistRta varNana karmapravAda' nAmanA pUrvamAM che. tenI atizaya saMkSipta samAlocanA A pramANe che. sarve paNa AtmA mUla svarUpe siddha paramAtmAnI samAna anaMtaanaMta guNonA svAmI che. zuddha kaMcana samAna zuddha Atmadravya che. paraMtu tenA pradeza pradeze potAnI pUrvabaddha mithyAtva-avirati Adi doSonA kAraNe malinatA che. tenAthI navAM navAM karmo baMdhAya che. Ama A jIva ane karmanI vacce anyonya saMbaMdhanuM cakra cAlyA ja kare che. prazna : "karma e vastu che ? jIva che ke ajIva che ? uttara : "karma' e koI jIva padArtha nathI, paraMtu ajIva padArtha che. paramAtmAe pAMca ajIva dravyo kahyAM che : (1) dharmAstikAya, (2) adharmAstikAya (3) AkAzAstikAya (4) kALa ane (5) pagalAstikAya. A pAMca ajIva dravyo che. temAM prathamanAM cAra arUpI che ane chelluM pudgalAstikAyarUpI dravya che. temAM je pagalAstikAya nAmanuM pAMcamuM dravya che tenA ATha peTA bheda cheH (1) dArika vargaNA, (2) vaikriya vargaNA (3) AhAraka vargaNA (4) taijasu vargaNA (5) zvAsozvAsa vargaNA (9) bhASA vargaNA, (7) mano vargaNA, (8) kArpaNa vargaNA. pachInI vargaNA vadhAre vadhAre sUkSma che ane ghaNA ghaNA paramANuonI banelI che. temAMthI je kArmaNa vargaNA AThamI che tene ApaNo jIva grahaNa kare che ane tenuM jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karma rUpe rUpAntara kare che. ATha vargaNAnAM pudgalo samasta lokamAM bharelAM che, dhIrajalAla DI. mahetA

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jainadarzanamAM karmavAda S9 khIcokhIca bharelAM che. - mithyAtva - avirati - pramAda - kaSAya ane yoga A pAMca prakAranAM kAraNo A jIvamAM jyAre pragaTe che tyAre te kAraNone lIdhe A jIva kArmaNa vargaNA grahaNa karIne tenuM karma svarUpe rUpAntara kare che ane te karma AtmA sAthe ekameka thAya che. A jIvamAM mithyAtvAdi pAMca kAraNomAMnuM koI paNa kAraNa vidyamAna hoya tenAthI jIva kArmaNA vargaNAne grahaNa karIne tenuM karma batAve che te karma AtmAnI sAthe pradeza pradeze coMTI jAya che. tenuM phaLa na Ape tyAM sudhI AtmAthI te karma vikhUTuM paDatuM nathI eTale mithyAtvAdi baMdhahetuo dvArA jIva vaDe grahaNa karAyelI kArmaNa vargaNAnuM rUpAntarita thayeluM je svarUpa tene ja karma kahevAya che. A jIva jyAre kAzmaNa vargaNAne karma svarUpe rUpAntarita kare che tyAre te pudgala dravyamAM cAra guNadharmo utpanna kare che : (1) prakRti, (2) sthiti, (3) anubhAga (rasa) ane (4) pradeza. ema cAra prakArano baMdha A jIva kare che. (1) prakRtibaMdha : eTale ke bAMdheluM A karma jIvane zuM phaLa Apaze tenuM nakkI thayuM che. koI karma jJAnaguNane DhAMkaze, tethI tenuM nAma jJAnAvaraNIya. koI karma AtmAnA darzanaguNane DhAMkaze, tethI tenuM nAma darzanAvaraNIya karma. Ama tevI tevI prakRti nakkI karavI te prakRtibaMdha. (2) sthitibaMdha : eTale ke baMdhAyeluM A karma AtmA sAthe keTalo TAima raheze ? Ama kALamAnanuM nakkI thayuM te sthitibaMdha. (3) rasabaMdha eTale ke A karma keTalA jussAthI jIvane potAnuM phaLa batAvaze. Ama pAvaranuM nakkI thavuM te rasabaMdha. (4) pradezabaMdha eTale ke je karma baMdhAya che temAM kArmaNa vargaNAnAM pudgalo keTalAM grahaNa karyA ? te pugalonA pramANanuM nakkI thayuM te pradezabaMdha. eka ja samayamAM jIva vaDe grahaNa karAyelI A kArmaNa vargaNAnAM pudgala dravyomAM uparokta cAra prakAranA guNadharmo nakkI karAya che, tene karmabaMdha kahevAya che. (1) jema ke loTa dvArA lADu banAvavAmAM Ave tyAre loTamAM goLa-ghI Adi dravyo nAkhIne mIThAI Adi karAya tema kArmaNa vargaNAnA pudgala dravyomAM jJAnane DhAMkavAno, darzanane DhAMkavAno svabhAva utpanna karAya te prakRtibaMdha. (2) A karma AtmA sAthe keTalo TAima raheze ? tenA kALamApanuM nakkI thayuM te sthitibaMdha. jema koI lADu pAMca divasa sAro rahe ane koI lADu mahinA sudhI paNa sArA rahe. tema ahIM kALamAna nakkI thavuM te sthitibaMdha. (3) jema koI lADu thoDo gaLyo ane koI lADu vadhAre gaLapaNavALo hoya tema koI karma jIvane sukha ApanAra ane koI karma AtmAne du:kha ApanAra hoya Ama nakkI thayuM te rasabaMdha. (4) karmanA paramANuo koIkamAM thoDA levA, koIkamAM ghaNA levA. jema ke koIka lADu nAno banAvAya ane koIka lADu moTo banAvAya te pradezabaMdha. prazna : jIva pahelo ke karma paheluM ? A baMnemAM prathama koNa hatuM ? ane pachI bIjuM kyArathI zarU thayuM ?

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dhIrajalAla DI. mahetA uttara : jIva paNa anAdi che ane karma paNa anAdi che. koI paheluM ane koI bIjuM Avo krama nathI. baMneno yoga anAdino che. jema mATI ane sonuM bane khANamAM sAthe ja hoya che tema A paNa baMne anAdinA sAthe ja che. samaye samaye A jIvamAM mithyAtvAdi hetuo jeTalA pramANamAM vartatA hoya che teTalA pramANamAM jIva vaDe kAzmaNa vargaNAnA pudgalo grahaNa karIne karma rUpe rUpAntarita karAya che ane AtmAnA pradeza pradeze baMdhAya che tene karma kahevAya che. tenA mukhyatve ATha bheda che ane peTAbheda 120 (122) (148) (158) che. karmanA ATha bhedo (1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma : AtmAnA jJAnaguNane DhAMkavAnuM kAma karanAruM je karma te jJAnAvaraNIya karma. jema AMkhanA ADo pATo hoya to AMkhe kaMI paNa dekhAya nahIM, tema AtmAmAM jJAnazakti hoya che topaNa jJAnAvaraNIya karmathI A zakti DhaMkAI jAya che. tenA pAMca bheda che. : - (2) darzanAvaraNIya karma : AtmAnA darzanaguNane DhAMkanAruM je karma che. A karma dvArapALa jevuM che. jema dvArapALa AvanArA mANasane daravAjA bahAra rokI rAkhe to te AvanAra mANasa rAjAne na maLI zake tema je karma AtmAnA darzanaguNane DhAMke jenAthI A jIva ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthane na joI zake te. (3) vedanIya karma : je karma sukha rUpe ane duHkha rUpe AtmA dvArA anubhavAya, bhogavAya te vedanIya karma. madhathI lepAyelI taravAranI dhAra jevuM. madha Ave tyAM sudhI sukha Upaje ane te ja taravArathI jyAre cATatA cATatAM jIbha kapAya tyAre duHkha Upaje. tema A saMsAramAM zAtA pachI azAtA ane azAtA pachI zAtAno anubhava thAya che. A vedanIya karma che. (4) mohanIya karma : A karma dArU jevuM che. jema dArU pIdhelo manuSya hitAhitane jANato nathI, kartavyAkartavyanuM tene bhAna nathI tevI ja rIte mohanIya karma A AtmAne vivekahIna banAve che. mohAndha thayelo jIva kartavya ane akartavyanuM bhAna bhUlI jAya che. (5) AyuSya karma : A karma pagamAM naMkhAyelI beDI tulya che. jema pagamAM naMkhAyelI beDIthI jIva baMdhAI jAya che, mudata pahelAM temAMthI bahAra nIkaLI zakato nathI te rIte AyuSya karma pUrNa na thAya tyAM sudhI A jIva cAlu bhavathI bIjA bhavamAM jaI zakato nathI. (9) nAma karma citArA jevuM che. jema citAro raMgaberaMgI citra dore che tema nAma karma dareka jIvone judA judA svarUpe zarIra Adi banAvI Ape che. koI jIva deva rUpe, koI jIva mAnava rUpe, koI jIva pazu-pakSI rUpe ane koI jIva nArakI rUpe zarIra Adi banAve che. (7) gotra karma : A karma kuMbhAra jevuM che. jema kuMbhAra sArA-narasA ghaDA banAve che tema A karma jIvane UMcAM kuLomAM ane nIcAM kuLomAM laI jAya che. rAja kuLa ane tucchakuLamAM paNa laI jAya che. mATe A karma kuMbhAra jevuM che.

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jainadarzanamAM karmavAda 41 (8) aMtarAya karma : A karma bhaMDArI jevuM che. jema rAjabhaMDArI rAjAne anukULa hoya to rAjA potAnI icchA pramANe dAnAdi karI zake ane A rAjabhaMDArI rAjAne pratikULa hoya to ADIavaLI vAto karIne rAjAne potAnI icchA mujaba dAnAdi ApavA na de. tema aMtarAya karma AtmAne potAnI icchA pramANe dAnAdi kriyA na karavA de. temAM vighna kare te karma aMtarAya karma kahevAya che. (1) jJAnanA pAMca bheda che. tethI jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA paNa pAMca bheda che. matijJAnAvaraNIya. zrutajJAnAvaraNIya, avadhijJAnAvaraNIya, manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNIya ane kevaLajJAnAvaraNIya. (2) darzanAvaraNIya karmanA nava bheda che. cakSudarzanAvaraNIya Adi 4 ane pAMca prakAranI nidrA ema kula 9 bheda che. (3) vedanIya karmanA zAtA ane azAtA ema be bheda che. (4) mohanIya karma tenA darzanamohanIya ane cAritramohanIya - ema mukhya 2 bheda che. tyAM darzanamohanIyanA 3 ane cAritramohanIya karmanA 25 bheda che. kula 28 bheda che. (5) AyuSya karmanA devAyuSya, manuSyAyuSya ityAdi 4 bheda che. (6) nAma karmanA piMDaprakRti ane pratyekaprakRti ema mukhyatve be bheda che. piMDaprakRtinA 14 ane pratyekaprakRtinA 28 bheda che. (7) gotra karmanA ucca gotra ane nIca gotra ema be bheda che. (8) aMtarAya karmanA dAnAndarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya ityAdi 5 bheda che. AThe karmanA maLIne kula 120 bheda thAya che. samakita mohanIya ane mizramohanIyane gaNatAM 122 thAya che. zarIrathI baMdhana-saMdhAtana judAM judAM gaNAtAM 148 ane 158 paNa thAya che. sthitibaMdhanuM varNana jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya ane aMtarAya karma A cAra karma utkRSTathI 30 koDAkoDI sAgaropama sudhI AtmA sAthe rahe teTaluM baMdhAya che. mohanIya karma 70 koDAkoDI sAgaropama sudhI AtmA sAthe rahe tevuM baMdhAya che. nAma karma ane gotra karma 20 koDAkoDI sAgaropama sudhI AtmA sAthe rahe tevuM baMdhAya che ane AyuSya karma 33 sAgaropama sudhI AtmA sAthe rahe tevuM baMdhAya che. A utkRSTa sthitibaMdha jANavo. A AThe karma ochAmAM ochI keTalI sthitivALAM baMdhAya te jaghanyasthitibaMdha kahevAya. tyAM nAma karma ane gotra karma jaghanyathI ATha muhUrta baMdhAya. vedanIya karma jaghanyathI bAra muhUrta baMdhAya che. AyuSya karma jaghanyathI kSullakabhavanI sthitivALuM baMdhAya. ane bAkInAM cAra karmo jaghanyathI aMtarmuhUrta sthitivALAM baMdhAya che. A AThamAM AyuSya vinA sAta karmonI jaghanyasthiti navamA-dasamA guNasthAnake kSapakazreNImAM atizaya vizuddhivALA jIvane baMdhAya che. 2sabaMdha : bAMdhelAM karma jyAre udayamAM Ave tyAre te karma keTalA jussAthI arthAt pAvarathI jIvane phaLa Apaze tenuM nakkI thavuM te rasabaMdha. A viSayane samajAvavA puNyaprakRtio mATe zeraDInA

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dhIrajalAla DI. mahetA rasanuM ane pApaprakRtio mATe lIMbaDAnA rasanuM dRSTAMta che. bajAramAMthI lAvelA zeraDInA rasa ane lImaDAnA rasa jevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza je karmomAM hoya te eka-ThANIo rasabaMdha kahevAya che. tene ukALI ukALIne buddhithI tenA be bhAga kalpIe jemAMthI eka bhAga ukALIne bALI nAkhIe ane eka bhAga bAkI rAkhIe te be-ThANIo rasabaMdha. A ja krame traNa bhAga kalpIne be bhAga bALI nAkhIe ane eka bhAga zeSa rAkhIe te traNa-ThANIo. ane cAra bhAga kalpIne traNa bhAga bALI nAkhIne eka bhAga bAkI rAkhIe te cau-ThANIo rasabaMdha kahevAya che. dAkhalA tarIke zeraDIno ke lIMbaDAno rasa 12-12 kilo bajAramAMthI lAvIe tenI jevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza hoya, tevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza je karmonA rasanI hoya te eka-ThANIo rasabaMdha kahevAya che. te 12-12 kilone ukALI-ukALIne 6-6 kilo bALI nAkhIe ane -6 kilo bAkI rAkhIe temAM jevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza hoya tevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza je karmanA rasamAM hoya te be- ThANIo rasabaMdha kahevAya che. 12-12 kilo rasamAMthI jyAre 8-8- kilo bALI nAkhIne 44 kilo rasa bAkI rAkhIe. tenA jevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza je je karmomAM hoya te traNa-ThANIo rasabaMdha kahevAya che. ane te ja 12-12 kilo rasamAMthI 9-9 kilo rasa bALI nAkhIe ane cothA bhAgano 3-3 kilo rasa bAkI rAkhIe tenA jevI mIThAza ane kaDavAza je karmomAM hoya tene calaThANIo rasabaMdha kahevAya che. A pramANe maMda-tIvra-tIvratara ane tIvratamanA bhede rasa cAra prakArano kalpAyelo che. tyAM ekaThANIo rasa baMdhAya tevAM adhyavasAya sthAno navamA guNaThANe keTaloka kALa vItyA pachI Ave che. tethI jJAnAvaraNIya karma 4, darzanAvaraNIya karma 3, aMtarAya 5, saMjvalanakaSAya 4 ane puruSaveda 1ema kula 17 karmano eka sthAnika rasabaMdha thAya che. kevalajJAnAvaraNIya ane kevaladarzanAvaraNIya karma sarvaghAtI hovAthI ochAmAM ocho be-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che ane zAtA, yaza ane uccagotra A traNa karma puNyaprakRti hovAthI tyAM cau-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. A rIte uparokta 17no ja eka sthAnika rasa baMdhAto hovAthI bAkInI tamAma prakRtiono rasabaMdha 2-3-4 sthAnika ja baMdhAya che. anaMtAnubaMdhIkaSAya vaDe azubhano cau-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. apratyAkhyAna kaSAya vaDe azubhano traNa-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya vaDe azubhano be-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. saMjvalana kaSAya vaDe azubhano eka-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. anaMtAnubaMdhI ane apratyAkhyAnIya kaSAya vaDe zubha prakRtiono be-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya vaDe zubha prakRtiono traNa-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. saMjvalana kaSAya vaDe zubha prakRtiono cau-ThANIo rasa baMdhAya che. pradezabaMdha : pratisamaye saMsArI jIvo sarva jIvo karatAM anaMtaguNA karmaparamANuonA dhone grahaNa karIne karma rUpe bAMdhe che. jyAre karma bAMdhe tyAre sthiti pramANe karmaparamANuonI dalikanI vaheMcaNI kare che. AyuSya karmane sauthI thoDA dalika Ape che. tenAthI nAma-gotra karmane vadhAre dalika Ape che. tenAthI jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya ane aMtarAyane vadhAre dalika Ape che. tenAthI mohanIyane vadhAre dalika Ape che. tenAthI vedanIya karmane sauthI vadhAre dalika Ape che. A pramANe pradezabaMdha A jIva kare che.

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jenadarzanamAM karmavAda 43 pahelAM guNasthAnake mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya ane yoga ema pAMce baMdhahetuo dvArA karmabaMdha thAya che. bIje, trIje ane cothe guNaThANe mithyAtva vinA bAkInA cAra baMdhahetuo dvArA karmabaMdha thAya che. pAMcame guNaThANe trasakAyanI avirati vinA bAkInA cAre baMdhuhetuo dvArA karmabaMdha thAya che. kadde guNaThANe mithyAtva ane avirati vinA pramAda-kaSAya ane yoganA kAraNe karmabaMdha thAya che. ane sAtamAM guNaThANAthI dasamA guNaThANAmAM mAtra kaSAya ane yoga ema be ja baMdhahetuo vaDe karmabaMdha thAya che tathA agiyAramA, bAramAM ane teramA guNaThANe phakta eka yoganA nimitte ja karmabaMdha thAya che tathA 1 thI 10 guNaThANAmAM prakRtibaMdha-sthitibaMdha-rasabaMdha ane pradezabaMdha ema cAra prakArano baMdha A jIva kare che. paraMtu 11-12-13mAM guNaThANe kaSAya na hovAthI mAtra prakRtibaMdha ane pradezabaMdha ema be ja prakArano baMdha jIva kare che. karmabaMdha thavAnAM kAraNo (1) jJAna-jJAnI ane jJAnanAM sAdhano copaDI, sApaDo vagere - A traNe vastuone nukasAna karavAthI, nAza karavAthI athavA kAgaLa-pustaka vagerene phADavAthI-bALavAthI A jIva jJAnAvaraNIya karma bAMdhe che. (2) koI paNa jIvanI AMkha-kAna-nAka vagere indriyo chedavAthI tathA tene nukasAna karavAthI A jIva darzanAvaraNIya karma bAMdhe che. (3) gurujInI bhakti, kSamAzIla svabhAva, dayALu svabhAva, lIdhelAM vratomAM sthira rahevApaNuM, zubha yogomAM vartavApaNuM, dAnAdi dharmakArya karavAnI rucivALo jIva zAtAdanIya karma bAMdhe che ane tenAthI viparIta vartana karanAro jIva azAtAvaMdanIya karma bAMdhe che. (4) mana phAve tema jaina dharmathI viparIta prarUpaNA karavAthI, lokone khoTA khoTA rastA batAvavAthI ane zAstraviruddha kathana karavAthI jIva darzanamohanIya karma bAMdhe che ane krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha ityAdi kaSAya ane hAsyAdi nokaSAya ghaNA karavAthI A jIva mohanIya karma bAMdhe che. (5) unmArganI dezanA ApavAthI tathA viSaya ane kaSAyane paravaza thavAthI A jIva narakAyuSya bAMdhe che ane mAyA-kapaTa-jUTha karavAthI A jIva tiryaMcAyuSya bAMdhe che. madhyama kaSAyo karavAthI ane alpa guNovALuM jIvana jIvavAthI A jIva manuSyanuM AyuSya bAMdhe che tathA zreSTha kAryo karavAthI ane dAnAdi dharmakAryamAM parAyaNa rahevAthI A jIva devAyuSya bAMdhe che. () mana, vacana ane kAyAthI zubha pravRtti karavAthI ane guNiyala svabhAva rAkhavAthI tathA rasagArava, RddhigArava ane zAtAgArava na sevavAthI A jIva zubha nAmakarma bAMdhe che ane tenAthI viparIta vartana karavAthI A jIva azubha nAmakarma bAMdhe che. (7) paranI prazaMsA ane potAnI niMdA karavAthI tathA bhaNavA ane bhaNAvavAnI ruci rAkhavAthI ane potAnA meru jevaDA guNone rAI jevaDA karavAthI ane paranA rAI jevA guNone meru jevaDA karavAthI A jIva uccagotra karma bAMdhe che ane tenAthI UlaTuM vartana karavAthI A jIva nIcagotra karma bAMdhe che.

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dhIrajalAla DI. mahetA (8) bIjA jIvo dAnAdi zubha kArya karatA hoya temAM vighna karavAthI ane hiMsAdi 18 pApasthAnakanAM kAryo karavAthI A jIva aMtarAya karma bAMdhe che. 44 A pramANe A jIva AThe karmo kayAM kayAM kAraNothI bAMdhe che te samajAvavAmAM AvyuM ane jJAnadarzana-cAritra Adi AtmAnA guNonI vadhAremAM vadhAre upAsanA karavAthI, bIjAne karAvavAthI ane anya koI AvAM sArAM kAmo karatA hoya tenI anumodanA-prazaMsA karavAthI A jIva AThe karmono nAza kare che, kSaya kare che, kSapakazreNI prAraMbhe che. vyavahAranayathI pApa e heya che ane puNya e upAdeya che. paraMtu nizcayanayathI pApa ane puNya A baMne lokhaMDanI ane sonAnI beDItulya hovAthI baMne heya che ane saMvara, nirjarA ane mokSa e ja upAdeya che. bAMdhelAM karmone toDavAnA upAya jJAna, darzana ane cAritra ityAdi AtmAnA guNonI upAsanA sevAbhakti karavAthI tathA anya jIvomAM AvA guNonI vRddhi thAya tevAM jinamaMdira, upAzraya, pAThazALA Adi kAryo karavAthI jUnAM bAMdhelAM karmo bhogavyA vinA paNa tUTI zake che. tene karmonI nirjarA kahevAya che. bAMdhelAM badhAM ja karmo avazya bhogavavAM ja paDe tevo niyama nathI, eka aMtamuhUrtamAM koDAkoDI sAgaropama cAle teTalAM karmo A jIva bAMdhI paNa zake che ane koDAkoDI sAgaropamanAM karmo bhogavyA vinA toDI paNa zake che. baMdha e heya che ane saMvara tathA nirjarA upAdeya che. navAM navAM baMdhAtAM karmone aTakAvavAM te saMvara kahevAya che ane jUnAM bAMdhelAM karmone toDavAM tene nirjarA kahevAya che. jeTalI bane teTalI guNonI upAsanA karavAthI ane guNavALA mahAtmAonI sevA-bhakti ka2vAthI pUrve bAMdhelAM karmo tUTe che ane kaSAyo karavAthI tathA pAMca indriyonA viSayo sevavAthI ane temAM vadhAre pramANamAM Asakti rAkhavAthI navAM navAM karmo baMdhAya che. karmone bAMdhavAnA upAyo ane karmone toDavAnA upAyo paNa jIvane ja AdhIna che. mATe jIva e karmano kartA-bhoktA che. bIjAM badhAM nimitta kAraNa che. A jIva caitanyaguNavALo che tethI sArA ane kharAba vicAro ane vartana kare che tethI A jIva ja karma bAMdhe che ane karma toDe che. ajIvamAM jJAnasaMjJA na hovAthI tene rAga-dveSa ke kaSAyo thatA nathI. tethI te padArtho karmo bAMdhatAM nathI tathA mokSanA jIvo karma bAMdhatAM nathI.

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jainadarzanaH eka adbhuta vijJAna jaina dharma ane tenuM tattvajJAna sahuthI vadhu prAcIna, sUkSma ane suspaSTa che. bhAratanAM anya darzano karatAM paNa jainadarzana vadhu prAcIna che. prathama tIrthakara RSabhadevanA ullekho vedamAM ane purANomAM prApta thAya che ane jaina dharmanA deva-devIono ullekha vaidika sAhityamAM upalabdha thAya che. trevIsamAM tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnano ane temanA cAturyAma dharmano ullekha bauddha-pAli tripiTakamAM jovA maLe che. A badhAne AdhAre e puravAra thAya che ke anya dharmo karatAM jaina dharma vadhu prAcIna che. jainadarzananuM tattvajJAna pUrNa che temaja tArkika che ane vaijJAnika paNa che. ene AdhAre vizva ane enI gatividhione jANavI saraLa paDe che. jainadarzanamAM jiMdagI jIvavAnI sArI ane sAcI rIta maLe che. e ja sacoTa jIvanazailI che. taduparAMta AtmA, karma ane punarjanmanA siddhAMto ane mokSa mATeno vyavasthita patha batAvyo che. jaina tattvadarzanamAM karmano siddhAMta atyaMta sacoTa rIte samajAvyo che. tenI pAse anokho anekAntavAda paNa che. jainadarzana sAcA arthamAM binasAMpradAyika che. teno mukhya maMtra navakAramaMtra binasAMpradAyikatAnuM anokhuM udAharaNa che. jaina dharmamAM paryAvaraNanI samatulA vyavasthita jaLavAya tenuM paNa dhyAna rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. jIvananA eka parama satya evA mRtyunI vyavasthita taiyArInI sAdhanApaddhati-svarUpa anazana batAvyuM che. jainadarzanamAM potAnA sivAya anya jIvonuM paNa laukika ane lokottara tathA bhautika ane AdhyAtmika kalyANa kaI rIte karI zakAya tenI adbhuta paddhati | sAdhanA batAvI che. (parasparopagraho nIvAnAm I) ane te dvArA mokSano mArga sUcavyo che. vizeSataH A mArga DaoN. sudhIra zAha

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46 DaoN. sudhIra zAha ApaNane pUrNataH zArIrika, mAnasika tathA caitasika svAcya arpe che. dIrdhAyuSya arpe che. bhagavAna mahAvIrano upadeza zAzvata ane saMpUrNa satyasvarUpa che. eTaluM ja nahi, e purAtana satya Aje paNa sAMprata samAjanA saMdarbhe susaMgata che, e AzcaryanI vAta che ! ane tethI tene sarvocca vijJAna kahI zakAya. mArA mate bhagavAna mahAvIra atyAra sudhI vizvae joyelA sarvocca koTinA vijJAnI che. Apa A lekha vAMcazo tema tema mArI vAta sAthe sahamata thatA jazo. emaNe ApeluM jJAna, AjanA Adhunika vijJAnanA siddhAMto sAthe susaMgata che. dA.ta. bhautikazAstra, jIvavijJAna, gaNitazAstra, mAnasazAstra, zArIrika saMracanAzAstra ane tabIbI vijJAna vagerenA mULabhUta siddhAMto sadIo pUrve jaina dharmanA graMthomAM jovA maLe che, jeno AjanA vaijJAnika siddhAMto sAthe saMpUrNa meLa maLe che. A atyaMta mahattvapUrNa ane Azcaryajanaka vAta che. bhagavAna mahAvIre sauprathama jJAna tripadImAM mUkyuM. tripadI svarUpa jaLabiMdumAM jANe Akho zrata mahAsAgara samAvI lIdho. ema kahevAya che ke tripadIne kholatA jAva to tamAma zAstro khUlatAM jAya. prabhu mahAvIra temanA mukhya ziSya evA gaNadhara bhagavaMtone tripadI Ape che. - 1. upane I vA, 2. vigame I vA, 3. dhuve I vA. arthAt dravya dravya svarUpe zAzvata che ane paryAya rUpe tenI utpatti ane vilaya vacce eka evuM dravya athavA svarUpa che je zAzvata tattva sAthenA layane cUkatuM nathI. A tripadInA AdhAre samagra jainadarzananI racanA thaI che ane te TakyuM che tema kahI zakAya. temAM tamAma jJAna-vijJAno samAviSTa che. hakIkatamAM Adhunika vijJAna jainadarzana ane tattvajJAnano eka nAnakaDo aMza ja che. atyAranA vijJAnamAM nirUpAyelA aNuvijJAnathI mAMDI jIvavijJAna, gaNitazAstrathI mAMDIne kosmolojI, gatinA niyamothI mAMDIne kaNonI gati, jIvonuM vargIkaraNa, dhvani ane tenI asara, tapazcaryAthI zarIra para thatI hakArAtmaka asara, mAnasazAstrathI mAMDI manocikitsA - A badhuM jaina tattvajJAnamAM Thera Thera patharAyeluM jovA maLe che. e jANavuM rasaprada che ke zAstromAM dharmanI bhASAmAM naryuM vijJAna bhareluM che. mAnavajAtanA utthAna mATe dharma ane vijJAnano subhaga samanvaya thayo che. jIvono mokSa thAya eTale jIvonI gati mokSa sudhI thAya. have prazna e upasthita thAya che ke mokSavidyAmAM padArthavijJAna, jIvavijJAna, gatinA niyamo. kosmolojI vagere vijJAnanuM nirUpaNa kyAM jarUrI che ? teno javAba e che ke jIvanI gati mokSa sudhI kevI rIte thAya che te samajavuM hoya to sarva jIvono tathA ajIvono abhyAsa jarUrI che. jIvanI gati samajavA mATe jIva tathA padArthanA gatinA niyamo jANavA joIe. jIva hAlanI sthitimAMthI mokSe jAya to kyAM kyAMthI pasAra thAya te kosmolojI dvArA samajavuM paDe. jIva sivAya bIjAM kyAM dazyo che ? samayanI zI AvazyakatA che te jANavuM paDe. jIvanI gati mATe kayuM mAdhyama Avazyaka che te jANavuM joIe. A kAraNathI padArthavijJAna, jIvavijJAna, aNu, UrjA, paDu dravya, nava tattva, karmavAda, anekAntavAda ema aneka zAstronI racanA jaina dharme karI che ane AkhA adhyAtmavAdane vijJAnanA siddhAMto para jhIlyo che. tIrthaMkara paramAtmA bhagavAna zrI mahAvIrasvAmIe vahAvelI upadeza jJAnagaMgA (dezanA)ne

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jainadharma H eka adbhuta vijJAna gaNadhara bhagavaMtoe Agamo rUpe jhIlI dvAdazAMgInI racanA karI. AmAMnI keTalIka mahattvanI vAtone vAcaka zrI umAsvAtie (Azare prathama sadI - Izu pachI) saMkalita karI. te graMtha 'tattvArthAdhigama sUtra'. mAnavajAtinuM e kadAca prathama vijJAna-pustaka kahI zakAya. temAM daza adhyAya arthAt prakaraNa che. mahAmanISI umAsvAtie atyaMta gahana abhyAsa karI tenA dohana svarUpe sUtrAtmaka rIte A badhAM vijJAnone temAM sAMkaLI lIdhAM che. 47 vAcaka zrI umAsvAtijIe potAne namratAthI lekhaka nahIM paNa te kALe vidyamAna jJAnanA saMgrAhaka arthAt saMkalanakAra jaNAve che. kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacaMdrAcAryajI paNa temanA 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana'mAM vAcaka zrI umAsvAtijIne zreSTha saMgrAhaka tarIke navAjyA che. (355mAsvAti saMgRhItAra) khUbInI vAta e che ke A eka vyaktinuM maulika saMzodhana nathI, paraMtu samagra bhAratIya samAja te samaye vaijJAnika ane AdhyAtmika rIte utthAna pAmelo hato. jainadarzananI A badhI vAto tattvArthAdhigama sUtra tathA AgamomAMthI thoDIka vihaMgAvalokana svarUpe jovA prayatna karIzuM. (1) mULabhUta vijJAna jema ke padArthavijJAna, jIvavijJAna, gaNitazAstra, mAnasazAstra vagere. (2) vrata, tapasyA aMgenuM vijJAna ane AhAravijJAna. (3) tabIbI vijJAna tathA zarI22canAzAstra (4) anya vijJAno jema ke paryAvaraNa (Ecology), arthazAstra (Economics), kaLA, saMgIta, dhvani, maMtravijJAna, yaMtravijJAna, lezyAvijJAna (Aura Science), jyotiSazAstra, dhAtuvijJAna vagere. sauprathama mULabhUta vijJAna tarIke bhautikazAstranI vAta karIzuM. jainadarzanamAM aNune padArthano avibhAjya kaNa kahyo che, jene Adhunika vijJAnanA 52mANu (Atom) karatAM paNa sUkSma ane jenuM punaH vibhAjana na thaI zake tenI 52mANu saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI che. dravya rUpe aNu eTale ke paramANu avibhAjya paNa tene paryAyo (varNa, gaMdha, rasa ane sparza) che. te ja rIte kALanA avibhAjya aMzane samaya kahyo che, je vartamAna eka kSaNathI paNa asaMkhyAtamA bhAge sUkSma che. AkAzanAM avibhAjya aMzane pradeza kahyo che. nIcenAM avataraNo vAcaka zrI umAsvAtiracita tattvArthasUtramAMthI lIdhAM che. (1) srAva: sthA5| (adhyAya-1, sUtra-26) padArtha be prakAre che : aNu ane skaMdha. (2) saMghAtamelempa utpadyante / (adhyAya-1, mUtra-26) skaMdha to saMghAtathI, bhedathI ane saMghAta-bheda bannethI utpanna thAya che. (saMghAta eTale Fusion ane bheda eTale Fission) (3) mevAvanuH / (adhyAya-6, mUtra-27) jyAre aNu to bhedathI ja utpanna thAya che arthAt aNu avibhAjya che, jene Aje ApaNe paramANu kahIe chIe. (4) mevasaMdhAtAmyAM cAkSuSA:| (adhyAya-1, sUtra-28) bheda ane saMghAtathI cAkSuSa skaMdha bane che arthAt skaMdha e saMghaTana ane vighaTananI samanvayaprakriyAne lIdhe cAkSuSa arthAt dRSTimAna thAya che.

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48 DaoN. sudhIra zAha (5) kAvyo , sat I (dhyAya-1, sUtra-ra6) je utpAdana, vyaya ane dhrauvya e traNeyathI yukta arthAt tadAtmaka hoya te sat kahevAya che. satuM eTale jenuM astitva (existence) che te haMmezA utpatti, vinAza ane dhairyanI prakriyAyukta hoya che. (3) tAvArtha nityam I (adhyAya-1, sUtra-30) je tenA potAnA bhAvathI arthAtu potAnI jAtithI cuta na thAya te nitya che. satuM potAnA svabhAvathI zruta thatuM nathI. traNeya kALamAM ekasarakhuM avasthita rahe che. tethI te nitya che. (Universal matter) (7) nirukSatthAt valva: | (adhyAya-1, sUtra-rUra) snigdhatva ane rukSatvathI baMdha thAya che. (paramANunA positive ane negative chargeno ullekha che.) (8) na navacaTUAnAm ! (adhyAya-, sUtra-ra3) guNasApe sazAnAm ! (adhyAya-6, mUtra-34) dvAthavaguInAM 1 | (adhyAya-1, sUtra-36) paramANu-vijJAnanI vAta AgaLa vadhAratAM kahe che ke jaghanya guNa aMzavALA snigdha ane rukSa avayavono baMdha thato nathI. jaghanya eTale vikRSTa arthAtu avibhAjya. samAna aMza-guNa hoya to sadaza arthAt sarakhe sarakhA rUkSa - rUkSa avayavono baMdha thato nathI. be aMzathI adhika guNavALA avayavono baMdha thAya che. Ama ahIM rasAyaNazAstra, rAsAyaNika baMdha ane tenA sUkSma niyamonuM nirUpaNa che. have ahIM juo : zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAH / (adhyAya-5, sUtra-19) sukhaduHkhajIvitamaraNopagrahAzca / (adhyAya-5, sUtra-20) zarIra, vANI, mana, zvAsocchavAsa ane apAnavAyu pIdgalika che. (Matter functions as a material cause of body, speech, mind and breath), tathA sukha, duHkha, jIvana ane maraNa e paNa pudgalano upakAra che. audArika vagere zarIra paNa pudgalanA kAraNe ja che. te ja rIte bhASA, bhAva mana, dravya mana, zvAsocchavAsa (apAna prANa) e badhuM pudgalane AbhArI che ane AtmA parano anugraha che.) parasparopagraho nIvAnAm I (adhyAya-1, sUtra-2) parasparanA kAryamAM nimitta thavuM (ekabIjAne sahakAra Apavo ane ekabIjA upara nirbhara rahevuM) te jIvono upakAra che. A aMge AgaLa carcA karIzuM ke ahiMsAnA siddhAMtane te kaI rIte samarthana Ape che. vartanA-parijhama: kriyA paratvAparatve va Anaca I (adhyAya-1, sUtra-22) kALa (Time)nuM kArya (Function) zuM ? vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva ane aparatva vagere kALanAM kArya che. Adhunika bhautikazAstramAM paNa AvI vicAradhArA ke saMzodhana AjanI tArIkha sudhI

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jenadharma H eka adbhuta vijJAna thayuM nathI. kALa svataMtra dravya che ane bIjA dravyanA vividha paryAyasvarUpa vartanA, pariNAma, gati vagere tenAM kArya che. kALa dravya upara jainadarzananA AdhAre nobela prAijha maLe tevuM saMzodhana thaI zake tema che. parza-sa-nya-vantaH pustiI : I (adhyAya-1, sUtra-23) zabda-vanya-saumya-canda-saMsthAna-me-tamazachAyADaDatayodyotavattazya | (adhyAya-1, sUtra-ra4) pudgala paramANu (Matter) sparza, rasa, gaMdha ane varNa ema caturguNayukta che. ahIM paramANunA pRthakkaraNa svarUpanI carcA che. te zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatva, saMsthAna arthAt AkAra, bheda, aMdhakAra, chAyA, Atapa ane udyota (prabhA) svarUpa che. Ama samagra aNuvijJAna ane pudgalanAM lakSaNo ane kAryanuM suMdara varNana che. ahIM ethIya vizeSa pudgala dravyanA be vibhAga batAvyA che. eka upara dhana ke RNa vidyutabhAra (Charged matter) che ane bIjA upara vidyutabhAra nathI (Uncharged matter) arthAt taTastha che. vidyutabhArarahita (Uncharged matter) arthAt taTasthamAM phoTona (Photon), greviTona (Graviton) ane glaona (Gluon)no samAveza thAya che. jainadarzananI dharmAstikAya ane adharmAstikAyanI vAta vaijJAnika svarUpe samajavA jevI che. Aje vijJAna jene Ithara vagere kAlpanika dravyathI samajAve che tenA mATe jainadarzanamAM dharmAstikAyanuM nirUpaNa karela che ane te vadhu yogya che. samagra brahmAMDamAM 4% DArka meTara 1% meTara ane 95% DArka enarjI che e kadAca adharmAstikAya hoI zake. bIjA adhyAyamAM eka sUtra che : manuni ti: I (adhyAya-2, sUtra-ra0) gati haMmezAM sIdhI lITImAM arthAt paMktimAM thAya che. jyAM sudhI bAhya baLa na lAge tyAM sudhI jIva ke pugala/padArthanI gati sIdhI lITImAM ja thAya che. teno A sUtramAM nirdeza che. jIva ane pudgala baMnemAM gatikriyAnI zakti che. nimitta maLatAM pariNata thaI te gati kare che. bAhya upAdhithI te vargati bhale kare paraMtu teonI svAbhAvika gati to sIdhI ja che. nyUTane ApaNane padArthanI gatinA niyamo cheka 19 mI sadImAM ApyA. jyAre jainadarzane to jIva ane pula padArthanI gatinA niyamo sadIo pUrve ApyA che. Avo adbhuta che ApaNo jJAna-vijJAnano vAraso. AvI to aneka vAto che. ahIM jainadarzanamAM aNunI utpatti, vaizvika dravyano zAzvatatAno siddhAMta, aNu-vighaTana, dravyanuM saMyojana-vighaTana, padArthanI nityatAno siddhAMta, padArthanuM rUpAMtaraNa vagere aNuvijJAna tathA padArthavijJAnanA gahanatama siddhAMtonuM varNana sUtromAM tyAre prarUpita thayuM hatuM. jaina zAstromAM sabaeNTamika pArTikalsano paNa ullekha che, je hAlanA kvArka vagere kaNonI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. pUjya AcArya zrI vijayanaMdighoSasUrijInA eka saMzodhanAtmaka lekha mujaba navA ja prarUpAyela hijhabojhona kaNo paNa jaina zAstromAM dharmAstikAya rUpe batAvela che. Azcaryajanaka rIte Adhunika vijJAnanA mULabhUta ane mahattvapUrNa siddhAMto jaina zAstromAM vyavasthita rUpe nirUpAyela che. AmAM

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DaoN. sudhIra zAha khAsa karIne tame joyuM te mujaba nAnAM nAnAM sUtronA rUpamAM gahana jJAna pratipAdita thayela che. te tenI lAkSaNikatA che. kALa arthAt samaya (Time), avakAza (Space) ane pudgala (Matter)nA mULabhUta siddhAMto, zAzvatatAno niyama, aNu-paramANu vijJAna, daLanuM sAtatya, sApekSavAda, UrjAnA siddhAMta, gatinA niyamo ane jaDatvavAda, zaktinA niyamo, TelipathI, TeliporTiMga, dhvaninA niyamo, mananI agAdha zakti... A badhuM ja zAstromAM suMdara rIte nirUpAyeluM che ane teno hetu mAnavajAta ane vizvanA kalyANa mATe ane aMte dareka AtmAnA mokSa mATenI vidyA samajAvavAno che. 50 kayAM kayAM upakaraNothI vastu-paristhitinuM saMpUrNa darzana (Complete knowledge) prApta thAya che, teno javAba ApatA bhAratanA A prAcInatama mahAna vijJAnI saMkalanakArazrI umAsvAtijIe kahyuM che ke sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparza, kALa, aMtarabhAva vagerethI saMpUrNa darzana pAmI zakAya che. emaNe ema paNa lakhyuM che ke padArtha mAtramAM, pachI te jaDa hoya ke cetana, dareka padArthamAM nityatA ane kSaNikatA . sAthe sAthe hoya che. eTale ke amuka apekSAe te nitya hoya che to amuka apekSAe te anitya hoya che. ane te rIte te parivartanazIla hoya che. AinsTAine kahyuM che ke pudgalane sthAna Ape te ja avakAza che. pudgala ane avakAza ekabIjA sAthe paraspara saMkaLAyelA che. avakAza vinA pudgala saMbhava nathI. avakAza na hoya to pudgala paNa na hoya. te jaNAvatuM eka vidhAna zrI umAsvAtijIe paNa karyuM che. temaNe kahyuM ke jeTalA kSetramAM eka paramANu rahI zake teTalA kSetrane pradeza arthAt eka AkAzapradeza kahe che. jIvavijJAna : have jIvavijJAnanI vAta karIe to ApaNA vijJAnI zrI jagadIzacaMdra bojhe vRkSomAM paNa jIva che evuM pratipAdita karyuM che. vanaspatimAM jIva che evuM jaina zAstromAM paNa spaSTa rIte kahyuM ja che, paNa eka pagathiyuM AgaLa jaIne pRthvI, pANI, agni ane havAmAM paNa jIva-AtmA che evuM darzAvyuM che. Ama A dizAmAM yogya saMzodhananI jarUra che jethI ApaNe vizvane yogya dizA ApI zakIe. alabatta, saiddhAntika rIte sAbita karavA mATe A aMgenA prayatno kyAMka kyAMka cAlu thaI gayA che. vAcaka zrI umAsvAtijIe jIvanA vibhAga pADyA che. jenuM vadhAre sAruM, vikasita cittataMtra te uccatara prANI, jene jaina paribhASAmAM saMjJi kahe che. te sivAya alpavikasita cittataMtravALA eTale ke asaMjJi arthAt saMjJA vagaranA jIvo eTale ke jaDa dekhAtA padArthomAM paNa cetanA hovAnuM temaNe kahyuM. temaNe jaNAvyuM ke pANI ane havAmAM paNa jIvatva che. jIvonA prakAra tarIke traNa-sthAvara, trasa eTale hAlatA-cAlatA. temAM beindriya. caurindriya, paMcendriya vagere. sthAvara arthAt ekendriyamAM pRthvI, pANI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati. temAM paNa vanaspatimAM sAdhAraNa vanaspati ane pratyeka vanaspati, sAdhAraNa vanaspati eTale nigodanA jIvo. temAM ekendriyathI laIne paMcendriya jIvomAM paNa saMmUrchita jIvonI utpatti. A badhAMnuM savistara varNana kharekhara adbhuta ane akalpanIya che. keTalo vizada vicAra ApaNI prAcIna saMskRtie karyo haze ?

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jenadharma : eka adbhuta vijJAna taMkvArthAdhigama sUtranAM be sUtro (jIvavijJAnanAM) khUba dhyAnArha che. 9.391T TUTH I Sentience (application of knowledge) is defining characteristic of life of soul. jIvanI saMjJA ke vyAkhyA e che ke pUrvasaMcita jJAna tathA anubhavano ke bodhano svocita, potAnI meLe upayoga kare te jIva che. jIvanI AvI sacoTa vyAkhyA vijJAnamAM paNa upalabdha nathI. upayoga-bodhane laIne ja potAnuM tathA itara paryAyonuM jJAna thAya, sukha-duHkhano anubhava thAya... vagere. R. RUST CTFIT The function of the soul is to render service to one another. ekabIjAne upakArI thavuM te jIvano svAbhAvika hetu che. pahelI najare kadAca AnuM UMDANa khyAlamAM nahi Ave, paraMtu A sUtrano hetu ahiMsAnI AjJA che. eka jIva bIjA jIvanA prabhAvamAM che. Mach's principle of physics pramANe vizvano eka eka aNu ekabIjA sAthe saMkaLAyela che. vizvamAM eka aNumAM kyAMka pheraphAra thAya ke khalela pahoMce to AkhA vizvanI saMracanAne asara thAya, khalela pahoMce. tema eka jIva bIjA jIvane duHkhI kare to AkhA vizvanA pratyeka jIvane tenI asara thAya ja. e vAta AmAM garbhita rIte nihita che. We are influenced by the rest. We all are entangled. koI paNa jIvane mana, vacana, kAyAthI duHkhI na karI zakAya. jIvavijJAnamAM vanaspatizAstra anvaye aneka mahattvanI vAtonuM vijJAna bhareluM che. prathama to vanaspatimAM jIva che ane saMvedanA che, evI gahana jaina zAstranI vAtane vijJAnane siddha karatAM 20mI sadI lAgI. jagadIzacaMdra bojhe te siddha karyuM. ethI vizeSa jaina zAstromAM to sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya ane pratyeka vanaspatikAyano siddhAMta ApavAmAM Avyo che. vanaspatikAya jIvane mULabhUta saMjJAo (instinct) hoya che, saMvedanA hoya che te to have vijJAne svIkAryuM ja che. paNa A jIvone kaSAya hoya che ane vezyA hoya che te jaina zAstrokta vAta samajavA jevI che. jema ke vanaspatinA AbhAmaMDaLanA raMgo lIlo, pILo vagere te tenI vezyA che. te tenI bhAvanAo ane svabhAva vyakta kare che. jevuM anna tevo oDakAra, jevuM ApaNe khAIe tevA ApaNA vicAro thAya. dA.ta. baTAkA, sUraNa vagere kaMdamULamAM saMgrahavRtti eTale ke AvA padArtho levAthI zakya che, ApaNane lobha kaSAya thAya. gaNitazAstra : jainadarzanamAM gaNita-vijJAna upara paNa graMtho lakhAyelA che. navamI sadImAM zrI mahAvIrAcAryano graMtha "gaNitasAra saMgraha' gaNita jevA kaSTasAdhya viSaya upara suMdara prakAza pADe che. tenA nava adhyAyamAM bIjagaNita, bhUmiti ane aMkagaNitanA adbhUta siddhAMto che, jemAM vargamULa (sqare root), ghanamULa (Cube root), apUrNAMka (Fraction), samaya, dazAMza paddhati tathA pAInI sUkSma gaNatarI upara paNa vistRta varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A sivAya svayaMbhuva, devanaMdi, AdinAtha vagere jainAcAryoe paNa gaNita upara suMdara prakAza pADyo che. jaina AgamomAM sUryaprajJaptimAM apUrNAMka upara

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52 DaoN. sudhIra zAha khUba bhAra mUkyo che. joke "jyotiSapAtAla" nAmano jaina graMtha atyAre aprApya che je saMbhavataH zrI mahAvIrAcArye lakhela che. mAnasazAstra : mAnasazAstra vize paNa jaina graMthomAM UMDANapUrvaka ullekha thayelo jovA maLe che. mati, smRti, saMjJA, vicAra, nirNaya e matijJAna che ane te indriya ane manane lIdhe che. evuM pratipAdana zAstramAM karyuM che. mananA be bheda che : bhAva mana ane dravya mana. Adhunika vijJAne A dizAmAM saMzodhana karavAnI jarUra che. jeTaluM prANInuM mana-magaja vadhu vikasita teTaluM te uccatara prANI kahevAya che. saMttinA samana: (adhyAya-1, sUtra-26) A uparAMta parapIDanavRtti vize zAstravacana che ke parapIDana mAnavInA manano eka AviSkAra che. potAnA kahevAtA siddhAMtonI rakSA karavA mATe ghaNA bIjAne pIDe che. e vRttinuM UrdhvakaraNa zakya che. eno mArga paNa emAM batAvyo che. nyAyAdhIza uttama kakSAnA parapIDaka che ema nathI lAgatuM ? lazur Thought - Spect study: | sarvajJa zrImahAvIrasvAmI paramAtmAe kahyuM che ke, zarIranI kriyAthI, vANInA upayogathI ane mananA vicAramAtrathI karmano baMdha thAya che. tethI mana, vacana, kAyAnA yogamAM sAvadha rahevuM. zArIrika kriyAthI jema ke mAravAthI karmabaMdha thAya te turata samajI zakAya. vANInA doSathI koIne duHkha pahoMcADavAthI karmabaMdha thAya te paNa kadAca samajI zakAya, paraMtu vijJAna cheka hamaNAM sudhI mananA vicArone taraMgamaya ke abstract mAnatuM hatuM eTale ke enA aNumaya astitvane svIkAratuM nahotuM. jyAre spect ane MRInA prayogomAM siddha thayuM che ke manano pratyeka vicAra, pratyeka lAgaNI jema ke krodha, dayA vagere magajanA eka cokkasa kendramAM uddabhave che ane te mazInamAM noMdhAI zake che eTale ke te paugalika che. ethI prabhunI vAta spaSTa thAya che ke ApaNo pratyeka suvicAra ke kuvicAra eka chApa UbhI kare che. e ApaNA zarIramAM ke vizvanI vyavasthAmAM tethI ja karmabaMdhano hetu bane che. ApaNI vANIno eka eka zabda paNa samasta vizvamAM vyApta thAya che ane AkhA vizvanA aNue aNue ane jIvamAtrane asara kare che ane e pAcho ApaNane potAne paNa sauthI vadhu asara kare che. tethI ja pratyeka kriyA, pratyeka zabda ke pratyeka vicAramAM apramatta sAvadha rahevuM, jAgrata rahevuM, tevo prabhu vIra paramAtmA vAraMvAra upadeza Ape che. chaso varSa pahelAM sAdhuo mAnasapRthakkaraNa manocikitsA karatA hatA. khuda sigamaMDa phraoNiDane Azcarya thAya evI vAto e kALanAM lakhANomAM jovA maLe che. dizAzAstra (Directions) : AcArAMga niryukti'mAM zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIe dizAnI carcA karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke bharatakSetramAM je dizA sUryodayanI che te airAvatakSetramAM sUryAstanI che ane bharatakSetramAM sUryAstanI je dizA che te airAvatakSetramAM sUryodayanI che paraMtu badhAM ja kSetramAM uttaradizAmAM meru parvata che. A lakhavA mATe cokkasa emanI pAse amerikA (airAvatakSetra)nI koIka AdhArabhUta mAhitI haze.

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jainadharma : eka adbhuta vijJAna AhAra ane vrata tapasyAnuM vijJAna : jaina dharmamAM batAvela dhArmika anuSThAno tathA cha Avazyaka (sAmAyika ane pratikramaNa sahita), cha atyaMtara tapa ane bAhya tapa, kaThora custa tapasyA (ekAsaNAM, AyaMbila, upavAsa), AhAranA niyamo, AhAranI Adata (AhAravijJAna), rAtribhojanatyAga, vigaI - mahA vigaIvALA AhArano tyAga, kAyotsarga ane jaina dhyAnanI zarIra para paDatI suMdara asara, dharmamAM nirUpelI soLa bhAvanAonuM anusaraNa. A badhI bAbato tathA anuSThAno saMpUrNa zArIrika tathA mAnasika svAstha, bhAvanAtmaka pragati temaja AdhyAtmika unnati lAve che, te vAta saMpUrNa vaijJAnika che. A dizAmAM Adhunika paddhatithI saghana prayogo thAya to samAjane khUba phAyado thAya tema che. e ja rIte ApaNuM tithivijJAna dhyAnathI joIe to khabara paDe ke caMdranI pRthvInI AsapAsanI parikramAne lIdhe zarIramAMnA pANInA jaththAmAM thatA vadhArAnI, enI zarIranA pI.e. para thatI asarone dhyAnamAM rAkhI A niyamo ghaDAyA che. A kAraNe tithinA divase amuka prakAranAM lIlAM zAkabhAjI TALavA mATenA A niyamo che ke jethI ekaMdare ApaNuM svAthya sArI rIte jALavI zakAya. jaina dharmanA rAtribhojana-tyAga sAthe AjanuM vijJAna paNa sahamata thayuM che. sUryAsta pachI lIdhela khorAkanuM zaktine badale sIdhuM carabImAM rUpAMtara thAya che ane zarIranI cayApacayanI kriyA astavyasta thaI jAya che evuM vaijJAnika prayogothI siddha thayuM che. vijJAna kahe che ke sAMje saMdhyAkALe zakya teTalA vahelA jamI levuM joIe. tethI rAtribhojana-tyAga saMpUrNapaNe koI paNa jAtanA apavAda vagara apanAvavAyogya che. tethI vajana paNa kAbUmAM rahe che. joke jaina dharmamAM sUryAsta vakhate ane pachI aneka sUkSma jIvonI utpattithI AhAra doSita thAya che ane te khAvAthI hiMsA thAya che tenuM paNa varNana che, jethI rAtribhojana mahApApa che ane A vAta paNa vaijJAnika rIte siddha thayela che. jaina zAstramAM AhAra traNa rIte thAya che tenI vAta che. 1. prakSepAhAra (sAmAnya AhArapaddhati), 2. ojAhAra (Embryo feeding) ane 3. lomAhAra. lomAhAranI vAta kamAla che. aThavADiyAMo ane mahinAonA upavAsa daramiyAna manuSyo ke prANIo kevI rIte jIvatA hoya che te vijJAna mATe eka koyaDo che. jainadarzanamAM tenuM dizAsUcana tathA samAdhAna lomAhAramAM che. cAmaDInAM chidro gaMdha vagere yukta paramANumAMthI yogya jIvanazakti vaizvika zaktimAMthI maLI zake. jainomAM sAmAyika (48 miniTa AtmaciMtana, svAdhyAya, mauna) ane pratikramaNa (gurusamakSa pAponI AlocanA ane punaH kadI na karavAM tenI pratibaddhatA)nuM khUba mahattva che. temAM dhyAnavijJAna che. sAthe karmakSayanI prakriyA che. atyaMta sUkSma vAta che. sAmAyikamAM samatA sAthe karmanirjarA, rAgadveSamukti, moha-zokathI viraktinI vAta che. pratikramaNamAM bhUtakALa mATe prAyazcitta, vartamAna kALa mATe vizuddhi ane bhaviSya mATe vizalyanI adbhuta prakriya che. jaina AcAromAM tapanuM vibhAjana bahu suMdara rIte thayuM che. jeTaluM mahattva bAhya tapanuM che teTaluM ja nahi balake tethI paNa vadhu mahattva AMtarika | abhyatara tapanuM che. bAhyatAmAM anazana (cAra prakAra ke traNa prakAranA AhArano tyAga), UNodarI (bhUkha karatAM ochuM khAvuM), vRttisaMkSepa (vRtti upara kAbU

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DaoN. sudhIra zAha rAkhavo), rasatyAga (ghI, dUdha, dahIM, pakavAna vagereno tyAga), kAyakleza (zarIrane kaSTa ApavuM), saMlInatA (zarIranAM aMgone saMkocI rAkhavAM) Ave che. atyaMtara tapamAM prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvacca (sAdhu, gurujI ane vidvAno ane vaDIlanI sevA-zuzruSA), svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga ane dhyAna Ave che. bAhya ane atyaMtara baMne prakAranAM tapa AtmAnI unnatinAM pagathiyAM che. 54 jaina dhyAnamAM sAmAyika, pratikramaNa ane kAyotsarganAM suMdara nirUpaNa che. A uparAMta prekSAdhyAna, graMthibheda ane AtmAnuM AtmA vaDe dhyAna vagere aneka prakAre dhyAnasAdhanA karavAnI vAta Ave che. guNavattAnI dRSTie jainomAM dharmadhyAna ane zukladhyAnane AgavuM batAvI temAM ja mana sthira karavAnI AjJA che. azubha dhyAnasvarUpa ArttadhyAna ane raudradhyAnathI dUra rahevAthI kaSAyothI mukti maLe che ane mana praphullita rAkhI zakAya che. tabIbI vijJAna : tabIbI vijJAna vize uttarAdhyayana sUtra bRhavRtti, vipAka sUtra, AcArAMga sUtra niryukti, sthAnAMga sUtra vageremAM savistRta varNana che. sAtvika AhAra, vigaI vagarano AhAra, tapazcaryA, manano nigraha, jIvana pratyeno hakArAtmaka abhigama, sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, dhyAna vagere apanAvavAthI hRdayaroga ane anya haThIlA rogo upara paNa kAbU meLavI zakAya che. svAsthyane lagatI samasyA sAMprata samAjano saLagato prazna banI rahyo che. tyAre A saMjogomAM zArIrika ane mAnasika svAsthya meLavavA mATe tathA jALavavA mATe jaina dharmanA siddhAMto sauthI vadhAre anurUpa jaNAya che. tene anusaravAthI hakArAtmaka svAsthya prApta thAya che, rogonI nAbUdI thAya che. ApaNI vartamAna jIvanapaddhati ghaNA jIvanabharanA rogo Ape che. hRdayaroga, bI.pI., DAyAbiTIsa, lakavo tathA kaeNnsara kAraNabhUta che. ApaNI khoTI jIvanazailI, AhArazailI, kasaratano abhAva tathA mananA nakArAtmaka abhigamanA kAraNe rogo thAya che. jo jaina jIvanapaddhatithI jIvavAmAM Ave to A badhA rogo upara kAbU meLavI zakAya. A aMge thoDuMghaNuM saMzodhana thayuM che. paNa jaina AhAravijJAna ane jIvanazailI upara vizeSa saMzodhana ka2vAnI tAtI jarU2 che, jenAthI ghaNAnuM kalyANa thaI zake. jaina Agama taMdulaveyAliya payajJA graMthamAM garbhavikAsa(Embryology)nuM varNana che tathA zarIrasaMracanA(Anatomy)nuM vivaraNa paNa jaina AgamomAM che. anya vijJAno : dhvanivijJAna, maMtravijJAna, yaMtravijJAna, paryAvaraNanI jALavaNI, arthazAstra, jyotiSazAstra, dhAtuvijJAna, AbhAmaMDaLanuM vijJAna vagere vijJAnanuM paNa jainadarzanamAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. jaina Agama anuyogadvAra sUtramAM rAga-rAgiNI, dhvani ane zabdanI adbhuta asaro upara suMdara vivaraNa che. prabhu mahAvIre mAlakauMsa rAgamAM dezanA ApatAM evuM kahyuM che. jainonuM maMtravijJAna,

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jainadharmaH eka abhuta vijJAna phaka yaMtravijJAna ane dhvanivijJAna paNa gahana che. jene paraMparAno navakAramaMtra atyaMta prabhAvaka gaNAya che. tenI bIjI paNa moTI eka vizeSatA che ke te saMpUrNapaNe binasAMpradAyika. jainadarzananA lAkSaNika siddhAMto - ahiMsA, anekAMtavAda, saptabhaMgI, dharma-karmanA siddhAMta, kramabaddha paryAya.... A badhuM kvonTama phijhiksa, kAryakAraNabhAva (causlity), Entanglement, Determinism, Mach's Principle, Orfilari dsufits Rigid qolz zuel zjaz Rd 21491 zakAya. TUMkamAM jainadarzana ane Adhunika vijJAnamAM keTalIya vAto samAMtara che ane vijJAnanA vikAsa sAthe jainadarzananI A badhI vAtone vadhu ne vadhu vaijJAnika puSTi maLI rahI che, je AjathI 100 varSa nahotuM. tAtparya e ke vijJAnano vyApa hajI vadhaze to jaina dharmanI vAto hajI vadhu sArI rIte samajI zakIzuM. jaina Agama ane jaina purAtana graMthomAM ghaNIbadhI vigato evI nirUpAyelI che ke je sAMprata vijJAnanA jJAnathI paNa samajI zakAI nathI. A rIte jovA jaIe to jainadarzana pAse UrjAnA stroto vize, AhAranA anya vikalpo vize, kArmika baMdhano, AhAra, svAcya, bhautika vijJAna, jIvavijJAna vagere vijJAnamAM karavA jevAM aneka navA saMzodhano para dhyAna kendrita karI, yogya pariNAmo meLavI jaina dharma taraphathI mAnavajAtine zreSTha bheTa ApI zakIe. sAcuM pUcho to jaina darzananA pratyeka niyamamAM - siddhAMtamAM vijJAna samAyeluM che kAraNa ke bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa hatA. Adhunika vijJAnanI ghaNIbadhI maryAdAo che. tethI avAranavAra ApaNA dRSTikoNane - mAnyatAne badalavI paDe che. jyAre vidvAnonA mate jainadarzana zAzvata hovAthI emAM tasuye badalAvane avakAza nathI. jainadarzanamAM batAvelI AtmA, punarjanma, mokSanI vAto vijJAnanI samajanI bahAra che. ApaNe ApaNAM zAstrone khoTI rIte samajavAnI bhUla eTalA mATe karIe chIe ke Adhunika vijJAna pAse emAM darzAvela satyo samajavA jeTaluM UMDANa nathI ane vijJAnanA mApadaMDane maryAdA che athavA to zAstronAM bhASAMtara, rUpAMtara vakhate kyAMka kazuMka rahI gayuM hoya. game te hoya to paNa ApaNe ApaNA dharmamAM zraddhA rAkhavI paDaze. hA, saMpUrNa vizvAsa ane samarpaNa jarUrI che. ApaNe ApaNAM mahAna karmone samajavA mATe sAmyaka dRSTino vikAsa karavo joIe. vAcaka zrI umAsvAtijIe brahmAMDa kevuM che temAM keTalA ane kevA jIvo vase che, jIvonuM vargIkaraNa kayA dhoraNe karavuM, A manuSyaloka sivAya bIjA loka kevA che, kyAM che, zarIra zuM che, magaja ane cittamAM zuM phera che, jIva kevI rIte phare che, paramANu zuM che, gati zuM che, prakAzanAM kiraNo kevI rIte avakAzamAM jAya che vagere saghaLuMya suMdara rIte varNavyuM che. jagatanA itihAsamAM koI paNa saMskRtimAM tattvano vicAra satyanI ATalo najadIka nahi hoya. A uparAMta vAcaka zrI umAsvAtie temanAM pustakomAM gatinA prakAra, vAtAvaraNamAM UDatA

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56. DaoN. sudhIra zAha sUkSma jIvo, paramANu avibhAjya che evA zabdo, AkAzanuM svarUpa kevuM che, asamAna paramANu ja joDAI zake, jAtIyavRttinuM UrdhIkaraNa, svargIya ane nArakIya paristhitimAM mana kevo bhAga bhajave che, vagere viSayo upara khUba ja vidvattApUrNa vicAro darzAvyA che. vAcaka zrI umAsvAtinAM pustako jo koI paNa Adhunika abhyAsu vAMce to mAtra lekhaka ke jaina dharma pratye ja nahi, balle samagra prAcIna bhAratIya samAja pratye mAnathI jue. Aje ApaNe badhAe kaTibaddha thaIne pratijJA karavI paDaze ke ApaNA dharmanA amUlya vArasAne samajIzuM. tene garimA pradAna karIzuM. badhAthI vadhAre utkRSTa saMzodhana karI samasta pRthvI paranA jIvonA utthAna mATe prayatna karIzuM to vizvakalyANa ane vizvazAMtinuM jaina dharmanuM svapna sAkAra thAya ane sAthe sAthe kSaNano paNa pramAda karyA vagara potAnA AtmAnA kalyANa mATe AtmasAkSAtkAra karI muktinA paMthe prayANa karI zakIzuM.

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prAcIna bhAratanI jena hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA mAnavasabhyatAnA anveSaNa ane nirUpaNamAM lipi-lekhanakalA eka mahattvanuM aMga gaNAya che. manuSya lekhanakalAnI zodha karI tyArathI e paraspara vyavahAranuM mahattvanuM sAdhana banI. "varNamAlA lakhavAnI rIta e lipi kahevAya che. bhAratamAM sahuprathama lekhanakalAnA namUnA maLyA che te moheMjo-daDo ane haDappA (I.pU. trIjI sahasrAbdI)nA purAtana avazeSo rUpe prApta thayela mATInI pakavelI lakhANayukta mudrAo ane mudrAMko che. A lipinI saMjJAone ukelavAnA prayAso vidvAnoe karyA che. chatAM adyAvadhi A lipi saMtoSakAraka ane sarvamAnya rIte ukelI zakAI nathI. aitihAsika kAlanA sahuthI jUnA upalabdha abhilekho brAhmI lipimAM kotarelA che, jemAM brAhmI lipinuM prAcInatama svarUpa jovA maLe che. A brAhmI lipimAMthI kAlakrame parivartano thatAM thatAM I.sa.nI cothI-pAMcamI sadI daramiyAna uttara bhAratamAM guptakAlIna brAhmI lipino vikAsa thayo. 6ThThIthI 9mI sadI daramiyAna kuTila lipi vikasI ane kramazaH samagra uttara bhArata ane madhya bhAratamAM 11mI-12mI sadI sudhImAM nAgarI lipi vikAsa pAmI. dakSiNa bhAratamAM brAhmImAMthI vikAsa pAmelI pallava lipi 7mI sadImAM pracalanamAM rahI. karNATakamAM 8mI9mI sadI daramiyAna naMdinAgarI lipi vikasI. draviDiyana kuLanI telugu lipi AMdhamAM ane kannaDa lipi karNATakamAM 13mI sadIthI alaga paDI. I.sa.nI 8mIthI 1pamI sadI daramiyAna tamiLanADamAM bhAratIbahena zelata

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bhAratIbahena zelata saMskRta graMtho lakhavA mATe graMthalipi vikAsa pAmI. 14mI-15mI sadI daramiyAna keralamAM malayALama ane tulu lipio udbhavI. 58 pazcimottara bhAratamAM 8mI sadImAM zAradA lipi vikasI. A prAcIna zAradA lipi AdyanAgarI jevI lipimAMthI vikasI hatI. emAMthI kAzmIrI-zAradA, TAkI ane gurumukhI e traNe lipio UtarI AvI. I.sa.nI dasamI sadIthI pUrva bhAratamAM Adya nAgarI lipinuM bhinna rUpAMtara thavA lAgyuM. samaya jatAM emAMthI baMgALI, maithilI ane nevArI lipio ghaDAI. orisAnI UDiyA lipi prAcIna baMgALI lipimAMthI nIkaLI che. bihAranA pradezamAM kAyastha lokoe nAgarI lipinuM jhaDapathI lakhAya tevuM svarUpa prayojyuM, je kaithI lipi kahevAI (zelata, 2005 : 65-73). nAgarI lipi H bhAratanI vartamAna lipiomAM nAgarI lipi sahuthI vadhu pradezomAM pracalita che. khAsa karIne uttara bhAratamAM ane dakhkhaNamAM. nAgarI e 'devanAgarI'nuM TUMkuM rUpa che. A nAma ghaNuM karIne 'devanagara' nAme yaMtramAM prayojAtA sAMketika akSarone laIne prayojAyuM hoya ema NAya che. dakhkhaNamAM e 'naMdinAgarI' tarIke oLakhAya che. A lipi ahIM 8mI sadIthI prayojAya che. uttara bhAratamAM nAgarI lipino prayoga 10mI sadIthI jovA maLe che. 12mI-13mI sadI daramiyAna nAgarI lipino vartamAna maroDa ghaDAyo. enI svaramAtrAono paNa kramika vikAsa thayo. vartamAna nAgarImAM joDAkSaromAM keTalAka akSara upara-nIce joDAtA; jema ke chu, vala, tta, sva, mhe, mna vagere. kyAreka pUrvaga akSaramAM jamaNI UbhI rekhAno lopa thAya che; (paTTa 1 : 1.1, 1.8, 6:5, 10.4, 12.2-3). jema ke ma, ya, tva, tma, tya (paTTa 1 : 2.8, 6.2, 7.8-9, 7.3). joDAkSara 6 mAM AgaLanA akSaranI nIce DAbI bAjue trAMsI rekhA rUpe umerAya che. jema ke 6, trA, mra vagere (paTTa.1 : 9.1, 11.1, 12.1). tta mATe 7 nI DAbI ADI rekhAnI upara ene samAMtara ADI rekhA umerAtI. (paTTa 1: 6.5) (parIkha, 1974 : paTTa 21).

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prAcIna bhAratanI jena hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA OM kaya kra . 10-90 makA 4-20-3 ( mu sA m gha 4 hA aro yo ra ? (A yayana ma cha / bI vAva 5 . jhA al 6 (hI mA hAsa thA bu " hoya he na kA mAnA jA mAmA , gana 14 ss+ + Heyn 02 " * ph * ca says * PRACHAN shino a CHAR 220 lA tya ya laya yA zvazrI zrI nAti Sg kanakA ra sma / mukha slama, 3 paTTa 1 : solaMkIkAlIna joDAkSaro

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AL bhAratIbahena zelata paTTa 2 : solaMkIkAlIna lipivikAsa jita ja ma vAvadhAka Jaala mAtrAcanadAdacAradAda AghrAmA mAtrA atrAmA-bAbavAvadhA rAsaSE nAvAnAnAnanananA pApApA uuuuuu uuuu kA dAvA kA kApha jA jA jAU bavAvAjAva. bhikAramAnAsAnA ee para mamamama18|Ama 33330 vayAcyA vaya yayA a zara22222 ra kAkAkAkaka kakakA lAlalalala lagA svAvAkhAmava bAvAkhA lAla jAnanAja gagamanamA vAva vavavavavavavava bAbappAcaca. paza/zanazAnA | cAtavajatavAnabAbAcAravAsAsAmamA mamAsamAsasa chadAkacha hAhakAramahAkAhAhahA jajajajA kA thA kutu jA nAkAmAlAlAyA jAnA TM ja taha ke samajhama vajanagusya jA tra ajamachama viyA sTArara 22] nAravAlayamAyAtrAyatA karI kAnaH kamvalAyana 3333333ADA bhavarahAnamA 1653 sal econ 13188603172702zazAkamA jAlalalalalalalala 666|399ntaka000 bhancaekAtyAyapraka nAnA jyavistha kahA vAlAnanatA bimAsambAra 2375kla kolama 1 : I.sa.nI 10mI-11mI sadInA varSo kolama 2 : I.sa.nI 11mI-12mI sadInA varSo kolama 3 : I.sa.nI 12mI-13mI sadInA varSo kolama 4-5 : I.sa.nI 13mI sadInA varSo kolama 6 : solaMkIkAlIna hastapratonA vargo

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prAcIna bhAratanI jena hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA 61 gujarAtamAM 9mI sadIthI uttarI zailInI AghanAgarI lipino prayoga thavA lAgyo. solaMkI kAla (I.sa. 942-1304) daramiyAna gujarAtamAM nAgarI lipi lagabhaga vartamAna nAgarI lipi jevI banI. A kAla daramiyAna rU , 3, dha, 7 ane va jevA akSarono maroDa arvAcIna banyo. %, mo, , , , ane ma jevA thoDA akSaronA maroDa vilakSaNa rahyA. rU ane DuM nI svaramAtrAmAM zirorekhA umerAI nathI. nI mAtrA mATe paDimAtrAnuM pracalana vizeSa che. zirorekhA nA ane pa nI paDimAtrA sudhI laMbAya che. mULAkSaromAM , , sa ane za nI sarakhAmaNIe enA uttarI maroDa vizeSa pracalita che. 3 ane 5 nA baMne maroDa pracalita che. (parIkha ane zAstrI, 1976, paTTa 1) (zAstrI. 1973 : 72-78) I.sa.nI 15mIthI 18mI sadI daramiyAna , 3, kha, ga, 7 ane kSanA uttarI maroDa vadhu pracalita rahyA. tane badale zirorekhAvALA gujarAtI "la" jevo maroDa vadhu pracAra pAmyo. paDimAtrAne badale ziromAtrA pracalita banI. 19mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM mudraNAlayanA bALabodha akSaronA maroDa vadhu pracalita banyA. jaina nAgarI lipi : jaina nAgarI lipi ghaNe aMze devanAgarI lipine maLatI Ave che. paraMtu keTalAka varNa, khAsa karIne joDAkSara lakhavAnI paddhati, paDimAtrAno prayoga, aneka prakAranA viziSTa saMketonuM nirmANa vagerene laIne jaina hastapratonI lipi devanAgarI lipithI thoDI judI paDe che. AthI A lipine "jaina lipi" ke "jaina nAgarI lipi' kahe che. suMdara ane vyavasthita lakhANa lakhavA mATe jainoe kAyastha, brAhmaNa, nAgara, bhojaka vagere aneka jAtionI vyaktione hastapratonI pratilipio taiyAra karavAnA lahiyA tarIkenAM kAma ApyAM hatAM. (parIkha, 1974 : 247). gujarAtamAM solaMkI kAlathI tADapatra ane kAgaLa para lakhAyelI hastaprato prApta thAya che. tADapatra upara A lipimAM lakhAyela lakhANa pahelavaheluM mahezvarasUrikRta "paMcamI kathA' graMthanI saM. 1109 (I.sa. 1052-53)mAM lakhAyela hastapratamAM jovA maLe che (parIkha, 1974 : 247). A hastaprato mukhyatve jaina lekhakoe lakhI che. AvI hastapratonAM lakhANa lAMbAM ane saMkalita hovAthI enI lipimAM varNamAlAnA lagabhaga badhA ja varSo ane saMyukta vyaMjanonuM svarUpa jANavA maLe che. jema devanAgarI lipi eka ja svarUpanI hovA chatAM judI judI Tevo, pasaMdagI, sahavAsa, samayanuM parivartana, maroDa Adine lIdhe aneka rUpomAM vaheMcAI gaI tema eka ja jAtanI jaina lipi paNa judI judI Tevo, pasaMdagI Adine kAraNe aneka bhAgomAM vaheMcAI gaI. jemAM yationI lipi, kharataragacchIya lipi, mAravADI lekhakonI lipi, gujarAtI lekhakonI lipi evA aneka prakAro che. yationI lipi moTe bhAge akSaranA TukaDA karIne lakhelI hoya che. akSara lakhatAM tenAM sIdhAMvAMkAM, ADAM-UbhAM, uparanAM ane nIcenAM pAMkhaDAM ane vaLAMkane chUTAM pADIne lakhavAmAM ane joDavAmAM Ave che. AthI yationI lipinA akSara atyaMta zobhAvALA, pAMkhaDAM surekha ane suDoLa

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62 bhAratIbahena zelata hoya che. jyAre bIjA badhA lekhakonI lipi moTe bhAge eka ja upADathI lakhAyelI hoya che. badhA lahiyAono "a", "sa vagere akSaro ane lipino maroDa amuka jAtano ja hoya che. kharataragacchIya lipimAM e akSaro temaja lipino maroDa kaMIka judo hoya che. mAravADI lekhako akSaronAM nIcenAM pAMkhaDAM pUMchaDAMnI jema ochAM khece che, athavA lagabhaga sIdhAM ja rAkhe che. bIjA lekhako kaMIka vadhAre paDatAM kheMce che. 'akSarANi samazIrSANi, vartalAni ghanAni ca / parasparamalagnAni, yo likhet sa hi lekhakaH // ' 'samAni samazIrSANi vartulAni ghanAni ca / mAtrAsu pratibaddhAni, yo jAnAti sa lekhakaH // ' 'zIrSopetAn susaMpUrNAn, zubhazreNigatAn samAn / akSarAn vai likhed yastu lekhakaH sa varaH smRtaH // ' akSaro sIdhI lITImAM goLa ane saghana, hArabaMdha chatAM ekabIjAne aDake nahIM tevA chUTA, temaja tenAM zIrSa, mAtrA vagere akhaMDa hovA sAthe lipi AdithI aMta sudhI barAbara ekadhArI lakhAI hoya te "Adarza lipi' che; ane A jAtanI lipi-akSaro lakhI zake e ja "Adarza lekhaka' kahI zakAya." jaina saMskRtie Adarza lekhako ane Adarza lipine utpanna karavA ane tene TakAvI rAkhavA khUba kALajI rAkhI che. (navAba, 1936 : 48-49) lipinuM mApa H vikramanI 11mI sadIthI Adyaparyata lakhAyelA hastalikhita graMthonuM avalokana karatAM nIcenI bAbato dhyAnArha bane che : 1. lipimAMnA akSaro ane lITI lITI vaccenA aMtaranuM pramANasara mApa. prAcIna lahiyAo akSaranuM mApa moTuM rAkhatA ane lITI lITI vaccenuM aMtara akSaranA mApa karatAM trIjA bhAganuM athavA kyAreka e karatAM paNa ochuM rAkhatA. 2. 19mI-20mI sadInA lahiyAo akSaranuM ane lITI lITI vaccenA aMtaranuM mApa ekasarakhuM rAkhe che. enAthI ekasarakhI gaNatarInI paMktiovALI ane ekasarakhA lAMbA-pahoLA mApanI prAcIna hastalikhita prationA akSaro moTA jaNAze jyAre arvAcIna te ja mApanI hastalikhita pratiomAMnA akSaro nAnA dekhAze. 20mI sadImAM paNa keTalAka prAcIna vAraso dharAvanAra yatilekhako lITI lITI vaccenuM aMtara ochuM rAkhI moTA mApanA akSaro lakhatA hovA chatAM A prathA jovA maLatI nathI (navAba, 1936 : 49). jaina lipimAM mULAkSaroH solaMkIkAlIna jaina lipimAM rana no DAbI bAjuno vaLAMkavALo bhAga binajoDAyelo rahe che. na no "la" A maroDa jaina lipimAM Aja sudhI sacavAI rahyo che (paTTa 3: 1-5).

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prAcIna bhAratanI jena hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA varNonA maroDone temanI zirorekhAnI jamaNI bAjue laTakAvavAnuM valaNa vyApaka rIte jovA maLe che. mULAkSara 1 ane ra nA vaikalpika maroDa prayojAyelA jovA maLe che. 14mI - 15mI sadI daramiyAna dunuM vaikalpika svarUpa vikasyuM hovAnuM jaNAya che, je 19mI sadI sudhI cAlu rahyuM (paTTa 3: 2-5). dha varNamAM zirorekhA nahIM karavAno rivAja cheka solaMkIkAlathI Aja sudhI jaina lekhanamAM jaLavAI rahyo che. no prAcIna maroDa Adyaparyata prayojAvo cAlu rahyo. ' , , , , na akSaronA vaikalpika maroDa ane 3, 4, 5, 7 ane zanA prAcIna maroDane jaina lipimAM sAcavI rAkhavAmAM AvyA che (parIkha, 1974 : 278-80). varNomAMnAM svaracihno: varNomAMnAM svaracihnomAM paDimAtrA ane ajhamAtrAno vyApaka prayoga jaina lipinuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa che. paDimAtrA-pRSTimAtrA eTale akSaranI pAchaLa (DAbI bAjue) lakhAtI mAtrA ane ajhamAtrA eTale akSaranI AgaLa jamaNI bAjue joDAtI mAtrA. prAcIna lipimAM paDimAtrAno ghaNo pracAra hato. eka samaye eno pracAra lagabhaga sArvatrika ane niyata hato. paDimAtrA lakhavAnI paddhati e jaina lipino viziSTa vAraso hato. ajhamAtrAnI paddhati lipi lakhavAnI sugamatA ane sughaDatAne AbhArI che. paDiyAtrAno prayoga jainoe 17mI sadI sudhI cAlu rAkhyo. tyArabAda ziromAtrAno upayoga vadhatAM paDimAtrAno prayoga ocho thato gayo. huM ane tU mAM ajhamAtrA varNanI AgaLa joDAya che; jema ke 4 ane rU, ghu ane 7 mAM (parIkha, 1974: 281; ThAkara, 2006 : 26-27). varNamAMnA 'I' ke 'I'nAM cihnonA UbhA daMDane zirorekhA sAthe joDavAmAM AvatA nathI. u.ta. vitA (paTTa 3 : 6-7 khAnAno trIjo maroDa), tri (6.19), hI (8:28). ' Tu varNanA svarUpamAM 3 5 ane 28 svaracihno joDatI vakhate tenI uparanI UbhI rekhAno lopa karavAmAM Ave che, jema ke huM , da (paTTa 3 : 7.23, 23, 24). kayAreka svaracihno varNamAM joDatI vakhate ochI jagyA rokAya mATe varNanA aMgamAM kApakUpa karavAmAM Ave che, jema ke 5 (6.2), r (6.27), huM (u.28). Ama svaracihnomAM paDimAtrA, ajhamAtrA, dha mAM svaracihno joDatI vakhate paNa zirorekhAno abhAva vagere lakSaNo jaina lipimAM jovA maLe che (parIkha, 1974 : 281-82). joDAkSaro : I.sa.nI 11mIthI 15mI sadI daramiyAna jaina lipimAM keTalAka joDAkSaronuM svarUpa pahelethI ja vilakSaNa hatuM ane e vilakSaNatA cheka sudhI cAlu rahI. ahIM 2 ane varNa sAthenA joDAkSara ullekhanIya che. 15mI sadI sudhI keTalAka ya vALA joDAkSaromAM ya no niyamita maroDa jaNAya che; jema ke (paTTa 3: 6.16), 2 (6.21), 8 (9.13), 2 (8.18) ane (8.26).

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64 bhAratIbahena zelata keTalAka ya nA joDAkSaravALA maroDa 5 varNa jevA lAge che; jema ke raNa (paTTa 3: 6.7), je (6.13), dhyA (8.5), A (8.9), vya (8.20). I.sa.nI 16mI sadIthI ya jevA maroDano prayoga vadhato jAya che; jema ke ya (7.7), ca (7.13), 2 (9.18), gre (9.5), (1.9). anuga 2 nA joDAkSaramAM AgaLanA vyaMjananI UbhI rekhAnA nIcenA cheDAthI saheja upara DAbI bAjue nAnI sIdhI trAMsI rekhA joDavAmAM AvatI. paMdaramI sadI sudhI mAtra mAM ja A rIte sIdhI nAnI rekhA joDavAmAM AvatI; jema ke (paTTa 3: 6.1). bIjA varSomAM anugaranI e rekhAne saheja. goLa AkAra ApIne uparanI tarapha saheja caDhAvavAmAM AvatI; jema ke tri (6.19), dra (8.6), pra (8.10), stra (8.23). AgaLa jatAM 2 joDAkSarano vaLAMkavALo maroDa ja joDavAmAM Avato. jaina nAgarI lipimAM joDAkSaromAM saheja rUpAMtaro bAda karatAM akSaronuM prAcIna svarUpa jaLavAI rahyuM che. jema ke (7.). mAM madhyanI ADI rekhAne jamaNI tarapha laMbAvIne kATakhUNe nIce utArI ta joDAkSara pUrvaga hoya tyAre ADI rekhA rUpe pachInA vyaMjananI DAbI pITha sAthe joDAya che; jema ke tta (paTTa 3: 7.18), vA (7.20), rA (7.21). soLamI sadI pahelAM tu ne AgaLa ADI rekhA sAthe joDavAmAM Avato (jema ke te (6.18), vI (6.20), rA (6.21). na nA joDAkSaramAM baMne ne upara-nIce joDAtA, jema ke stra (8.7). pachInA samayamAM uttara vyaMjananI DAbI pITha para pUrva na joDAto; jema ke nna (9.7). 7 nA joDAkSaramAM upara-nIce ta nA varNa joDAya che; jema ke 4 (9.19), ja nA maroDamAM na nA prAcIna maroDa sAthe anuga mAM nA DAbA aMgane pUrvaga ja nA DAbA aMga sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che; jema ke gna (paTTa 3: 7.9). UMnA joDAkSaramAM nI vaccenI rekhAnA madhya bhAgane chedatI DAbA-jamaNA aMgone joDatI saheja trAMsI rekhA doravAmAM AvatI; jema ke paUA (6.15, 7.15). ta nA joDAkSaranAM DAbA-jamaNA aMgone joDIne lakhavAmAM AvatAM. (9.8). rNa nA joDAkSaramAM dha nI nIce va joDavAmAM Avyo che ane zirorekhA dha mAM karAI nathI (9.16). stra no joDAkSara vilakSaNa banyo che. emAM vaccenA ta nI ADI rekhA "nA DAbA nIcalA cheDAne sparza kare che (9.23). nA maroDamAM anuga da no maroDa prAcIna che varNa jevo lAge che (9.24). sva nA joDAkSaramAM sa ane varNa upara nIce lakhavAmAM AvyA che. (8.ra7) ane hano maroDa paNa prAcIna ane vilakSaNa che. emAM ha nA DAbA nIcalA vakra pAMkhiyAnI jagyAe 4 joDI devAmAM Avyo che (9 28.2)

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prAcIna bhAratanI jena hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA F + 2 A A A A A AmadAradavAvakA kAMERRI 333333/3 bAvadhAghAtikamA 4 hAhAnAnanA nAnAnana kpA ko 5 u38333334/papa/pApApakA krAmA UUUUUUUU ||phaphaphaphaphapha|| ka| jAsa // kATAba yAjyavyA 8 equplom bepe bhana janna nAma 8aiaiaiai || samatanata sana jAjapappa 10 ouma mamamamama 11 au aaaayAyAyAyAyAya kaka kakakaka kakaka ra ra ra ra rAjya me khAkhAkhakha khakhAla la salalalala gagagagagagagaga la la | lala kAruru 15 vavinAya vavava va va va mArU 17 DAU zazazazazaza eya syAha cavacacacacacaca va babababababa. 18 u ubachabasasasa sasasa mazalyalpa 18 jajajajajajajajajajaja ha haha ha ha hara da vinara jAkAmAcavA vAka 21 jAnamana22222 syasya ca 22, TATATA333 rAjAko 27 gaTha ba nA 18||||3|||7/99|||||| jAsyAsyA paNa dAhAbAva jAnatAtaaalso welcAkAUda paTTa 3: jaina lipi

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66 bhAratIbahena zelata Ama joDAkSaromAM paNa keTaleka sthaLe jaina nAgarI lipi nizcitapaNe vizeSatAo dharAve che. u.ta. ane 2 varNa joDAtAM pUrvanA vyaMjana , 7 ane Tu vilakSaNa svarUpanA banyA che. paNa, , 7, tha ane hava jevA joDAkSaro viziSTa prakAranA banelA jovA maLe che ane nAgarI lipinA akSarothI ghaNA alaga paDe che (parIkha, 1974 : 283-285). jaina lipimAM aMkalekhana : prAcIna lahiyAo nAgarI lipimAM lakhelAM pustakonA patrAMka mATe aMkAtmaka ane akSarAtmaka ema be jAtanA aMkono prayoga karatA. A baMne prakAranA aMkono upayoga prAcIna zilAlekho ane jaina Agamo, tenA bhASya ane cUrNinI prAcIna tADapatrIya temaja kAgaLanI hastapratomAM ekasarakhA pATho, gAthAka, prAyazcitta ane bhAMgA vagereno nirdeza akSarAtmaka aMkothI karavAmAM Avyo che. gItampasUtra uparanA AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNanA bhASyamAM mULa gAthAnuM bhASya samApta thAya che tyAM mULasUtrano gAthAMka akSarAtmaka aMkothI darzAvelo che (navAba, 1936 : 61-62), bhinna bhinna akSarAMko ekama aMko 2 = 2, 3, 4, 6, zrI, zrI 2= 2, 3, siLui .zrI = 3, zrI, ii . = 4, , , , , , , , , , , = 2, 3,a , DhADhara, nA,rAe,,rI. 6 , , , #aa , ,, . = , thA, , = 3,39. zaka 2 = tru, . 2 = , g. 3 = , brA. pa = C, 8,6,7. rAtaka aMko 1 = 3, uM. 2 = a, a,R. 3= sA, sA, . i= jJAtriA , . pa= , , kyo . 6 = raM, huM. >> / 9 ka sa = 8,8,8,8 0

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prAcIna bhAratanI jaina hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA ahIM ekama saMkhyA tarIke eka, be, traNa vagere aMko lakhavA hoya to ekama aMkomAM ApelA eka, be, traNanA paryAyarUpa akSaro lakhAya che. dasa, vIsa, trIsa vagere dazaka saMkhyA lakhavI hoya to dazaka aMkomAM Apela eka, be, traNa vagerenA paryAyarUpa akSaro lakhavA ane zataka saMkhyA lakhavI hoya tyAre zataka aMkomAM ApelA eka, be, traNa vagerenA paryAyarUpa akSaro lakhavA. zUnyanI jagyAe zUnya ja lakhAya che. tADapatrIya ane kAgaLanI hastapratomAM pRSThasaMkhyA lakhatI vakhate akSarAMko sIdhI lITImAM na lakhatAM u52-nIce lakhavAmAM Ave che; jema ke g lR lR lR lR 10, 11 12 3 1 0 - 1 2 lR 13 lRlR lRR 15 14 17 erka lR phu gra rhAu~ kAgaLa upara lakhAyelI hastapratomAM jyAM akSarAMkono upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che tyAM keTalIka vAra ekama, dazaka, zataka aMkomAM darzAvyA pramANenA akSarAMkono upayoga nahIM karatAM mAtra ekama saMkhyAmAM ApelA akSarAMkono ja upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che; jema ke sva sti 8 10 20 40 67 18 19 sva sva 8 sva 0 100 sva 115 400 sti 1240 O lR O eka trizatI nAmanA gaNita-viSayanA saMgrahagraMthamAM 'jaina aMka' tarIke ekathI dasa hajAra sudhInA * akSarAMkonI noMdha che. A graMthanI hastaprata 11 pAnAMnI che ane traNaso varSa jUnI jaNAya che. emAM akSarAMko nIce mujaba ApavAmAM AvyA che. stu 400, ste 600, raste 600, rastA 700, rasto 800, staM 100, sta: 1000, kSu 2,000, bhU 2000, kSA 4,000, kSe 1,000, IkSe 6,000, ikSA 7,000, kSio 8,000, hla 6,000, : 10,000 rUti raLitasaMdhyA nainAMbanAM samAptA // A akSarAMkomAM sva, sti, zrI, 3, na, ma:, zrI, zrI, zrI e maMgaLa mATe uccArAtA akSaro che. (navAba, 1936 : 64-65) zabdAtmaka aMkasaMkhyA : prAcIna bhAratamAM sAmAnya vyavahAramAM vividha zAstrone lagatA graMtho padyamAM lakhAtA, jethI kaMThastha karavAmAM saraLatA rahetI. jyotiSa, gaNita, vaidaka, koza vagere zAstrIya viSayo paranA graMtho zlokabaddha lakhAvA lAgyA. prAcIna hastapratonA aMte graMtharacanA ke pratilekhana saMvata ApavAmAM Avato. mitidarzaka moTI saMkhyAo darzAvavAmAM muzkelI UbhI thatAM , dvi, tri vagere saMkhyAvAcaka zabdone badale sAMketika zabdo prayojavAmAM AvatA, jenA anekavidha paryAyo upalabdha hoya. AthI padyaracanAomAM varNasaMkhyA ane hrasva-dIrgha mAtrAo prayojavI saraLa bane. AvA zabdAMko nIce pramANe darzAvI zakAya : (goLA, 2162 : 26-222; navAba, 1936 : 67-69)

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bhAratIbahena zelata 0 = zUnya, bindu, ra%, kha, chidra, pUrNa, gagana, AkAza, vyoma, nabha, abhra, aMbara vagere. 1 = zazi, vidhu, indu, caMdra, zItAMzu, zItarazmi, sudhAMzu, bhU, bhUmi, kSiti, smA, dharA, vasudhA, pitAmaha, dAkSAyaNIprANeza(caMdra) vagere. 2 = yama, yamala, yugala, kaMTha, yugma, pakSa, azvina, nAsatya, locana, akSi, netra, nayana, cakSu, daSTi, karNa, zruti, bAhu, kara, hasta, pANi, bhuja, kuca, oi, ayana, kuTuMba vagere. = rAma, trikAla, trinetra, loka, jagata, bhuvana, guNa, anala, agni, vati, puruSa, vacana vagere. = veda, zruti, samudra, sAgara, abdhi, jaladhi, jalanidhi, vAddhi, nIradhi, vAridhi, udadhi, aMbudhi, aMbhodhi, arNava, varNa, Azrama, yuga, turya, kRta, aya, diza, dizA, baMdhu, koSTha, dhyAna, gati, saMjJA, kaSAya vagere. = bANa, zara, sAyaka, iSa, bhUta, mahAbhUta, prANa, indriya, akSa, viSaya, tattva, parva, pAMDava, artha, vrata, samiti, kAmaguNa, zarIra, mahAvrata. = rasa, aMga, kAya, Rtu, mAsArdha, darzana, rAga, ari, zAstra, tarka, kAraka, samAsa, vezyA, smAkhaMDa, guNa, guhaka, guNavanna vagere. = naga, aga, bhUbhUta, parvata, zaila, adri, giri, RSi, muni, atri, vAra, svara, dhAtu, azva, turaga, vAha, haya, vAjin, chaMda, ghI, kalatra, bhaya, sAgara, jaladhi, loka vagere. = vasu, ahi, sarpa, nAgaeNdra, nAga, gaja, daMtinuM, diggaja, hastina, mAtaMga, kari, kuMjara, dvipa, Ibha, takSa, siddhi, bhUti, anuSTrabhu, maMgala, mada, prabhAvaka, karmanuM, dhIguNa, siddhaguNa vagere. 9 = aMka, nidhi, naMda, graha, khaga, hari, , kha, chidra, go, pavana, tattva vagere. 10 = diza, dizA, AzA, kakubhu, aMguli, paMkti, rAvaNaziras, avatAra, karmanuM, yatidharma, zramaNadharma, prANa vagere. 11 = rudra, Izvara, hara, Iza, bhava, bharga, ziva, mahAdeva, pazupati vagere. 12 = sUrya, arka, ravi, mArtaDa (sUryavAcaka zabdo), mAsa, rAzi, vyaya vagere. 13 = vizva, vizvedevAH, aghoSa, kAma vagere. 14 = manu, vidyA, iMdra, loka, bhuvana, vizva, ratna vagere. 15 = tithi, dina, pakSa vagere. 16 = nRpa, bhUpa, bhUpati, kalA, IndukalA vagere. 24 = gAyatrI, jina, arhat vagere. = tattva 27 = nakSatra 32 = daMta, rada, radana vagere. 33 = deva, amara, tridaza, sura vagere. 40 = naraka 48 = jagatI 64 = strIkalA 72 = puruSakalA ja 0 ja 0 da

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prAcIna bhAratanI jaina hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA hastapratomAM AvatA zabdAMkonAM udAharaNo : 1. 'jinabhuvane 1424 svargamitaH' - gurvAvalI, zloka 291 2. 'bhuvana (3) zruti (4) ravi (12) saMkhye' = saM. 1243 (aGkAnAm vAmato gatiH - Ane saTA bhe. tai) - praznottararatnamAlikATIkA 3. 'guNa (3) nayana (2) rasendu (rasa-6, indu-1) mite varSe = saM. 1623 varSe bhAvaprakaraNa .. avacUriH 4. 'zrImadvikramabhUpato'mbara-guNa-kSmAkhaNDa-dAkSAyaNIprANezAGkitavatsare 1660' - (ambara - 0, guNa -6, kSmAkhaNDa - 6, dAkSAyaNIprANeza = caMdra-1 - jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA 5. 'muni (7) vasu (8) sAgara (4) sitakara (1) mite varSe = saM. 1487 - samyaktvakaumudI 6. 'saMvadrasa (6) nidhi (9) jalanidhi (7) canda, (1) mite = saM. 1796 kArtike site pakSe / jJAnasAraTIkA 7. 'abde SaD (6) aGka (9) vizva ( 14) mite' = saM. 1496 - arthadIpikA 8. 'zara (5) ibha (8) vizve (13) yamitAmavApya' = saM. 1385 - gurvAvalI, zloka 289 graMthalekhana AraMbha : thalepananA AramamA 62.4 25 OM namaH, aiM namaH, namo jinAya, namo vItarAgAya, OM namaH sarasvatyai, OM namaH sarvajJAya 4aa maMgalasUya zo samatA. prAcIna ustapratImA e0 // OM thiina sauthI AraMbhamAM mUkavAmAM AvatuM. mAravADamAM nAnAM bALakone abhyAsanI zarUAtamAM ISIii 3% namaH siddhaM / mAmAne jAnI-sva20504nanA 4 pATImo mauqawi bhApatI tebha dATI mata mIMDuM be pANa' tarIke gokhAvavAmAM Ave che. jaina lahiyAo ane munio paNa uparyukta cihanane * bhae bhI tarI mINa che. OM namaH siddhaM bhane OMAnI-212854nanI pATImo; sthUdAkSarano namUno (sobhI sahI) HTTPHEDEOIkastAusamAja jAsvanamAlAna/CTEMmAravA Ma r vada

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bhAratIbahena zelata hakan9EThTha:daparAkaauliANo | fkArAdiHHIBIRaa Ulanela EAhiel/UHiIBIRai ripauiratto UUBE|uintil ligaiAhitI prAcIna zilAlekho ane hastapratonA AraMbhamAM lakhAyelAM cihna : 1 (1) 7, (2) '' '' (3) '1, 69''8''. (5) kI' che , (6) 'ja' ,7) 17,72 1,9Ge. 2(1), (2)q"If sir, (3)'1, jI FULL ggnI'IIEaa . 31) c76'8'bhA, (2) dudhAtrI ,(3)40 % fliLamAM 1LaHI,) [Cli Ug0II IIII. hastaprato ane prAcIna zilAlekhonA AraMbhamAM lakhAtAM judA judA prakAranAM cihno traNa vibhAgamAM samajAvI zakAya : 1. pahelA vibhAgamAM ApelAM cihno I.sa.nI pamIthI 13mI sadI sudhInAM zilAlekha ane tAmrapatronA AraMbhamAM maLe che. 2. bIjA vibhAgamAM vikrama saMvatanI 11mI sadIthI mAMDI aghapiparyaMtanA dhAtupratimAlekhomAM maLe che. 3. trIjA vibhAgamAMnI AkRtio vi.saM.nI 12mI sadIthI mAMDI atyAra sudhInI hastapratomAM maLe che. A traNe vibhAgomAM AvatAM cihno gupta, kuTila, nAgarI, zAradA, baMgalA, pazcimI lipionA zilAlekho, mUrtilekho ane hastapratonA AraMbhamAM lakhAyelAM jovA maLe che. ahIM devanAgarI aMko 1, 5, 6, 7 ane 9ne maLatAM AvatAM cihno lAge che (navAba, 1936 : 57-60). abhilekhavido tene 3OMkAranA sAMketika cihna tarIke gaNe che. jyAre 'bhale mIMDuM'nA saMketacihno dakSiNAvarta ane vAmAvarta maMgalacihanomAMthI uttarottara vikAsa pAmelAM rUpAMtaro hovAnuM keTalAka vidvAno mAne che.

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prAcIna bhAratanI jena hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA ane 3 nuM spaSTa cihna 'bhale mIMDuM' cinathI alaga hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. aMthasamAptimA 5o zubhaM bhavatu, kalyANamastu, maMgalaM mahAzrIH, lekhakapAThakayoH zubhaM bhavatu, zubhaM bhavatu saMdhI evAM aneka jAtanAM zubhAziSavacano uparAMta IchI, IchI A jAtanAM cihna hoya che. keTalIka vAra graMthanA adhikAra ke adhyAya ke adhikaraNanI samAptimAM prayojAya che. akSaranA maroDa parathI A cihana pUrNakuMbhanuM cihna hovAnuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che. (navAba, 1936 : pR. 61). keTalIka pratomAM graMthanA mukhya vibhAgonI samApti thAya tyAM cakra, kamala, kalaza jevI suMdara citrAkRtio doravAmAM AvatI. A ratha (nizIthavUchanI saM. 1157nI hastaprata) - graMthanA mukhya vibhAgonI samAptimAM karAtI | citrAkRtio lahiyAo hastapratanA patramAM akSarone lAkSaNika rIte lakhIne suMdara citrAkRtio banAvatA.

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72 bhAratIbahena zelata makAna haE STRdhArA ja thatA hI nA 1 nAma, kisa ne pANI mA ja kAne maLakAthI kAkAkaare a | zALAnA nAnA nAnA nAnA gAma mana ja zakAya che ke badhA lAla zA mAmA nA DIla nA junA Tyar Maa F 1ra kalAka kAma In BrA vALa mArA nAnA nAnA nAnA nA pariNAma maLI jAdavane cAra prakAranI jAta ( NI nI mArA kAmano A kALI kaan karI ke mahilA nokarI karIne thANAM mInIf1I nA gALAmAM mAtra zAmaLA bajANA mAne UnlAkAta levAnI che te samaya mA mo nI kamI ja nathI che ke kaI rIte ja kALA pI , A mI. Test T 2 ET ja pA thI nakAra ale kalAkAro nA Ala mArI rAha joI tenA kAyadAmAM rahI , mAne che ke jANakArane kA mI dhI mA W/ vAya kAri IT mane F M Naren in an inau A ke thALa | RT jI nA Tw file mA zAka mAM pANI nAmanA rAjA A kAma kathaTI 218 mA kAma karI nA R T 1 ) RT 2 - eka mArone mArI mane tamane ? NdhakakAjakAraNa nArAja ' che ! koka nIkaLI jAya tyAre dareka rIte TER kAkA : 1 nathI mA trai The Liaa E paNa e JEE - sikiMatri 2 PRIL A thi a E SABLE LI ma kAma lAla | mA kAma mA ke 11 lA rAma mI kalatle : kAkA ne chokarA choka #aa samayamAM navI kAmakAja 110 1 1 iaa dAdA dAgIne nInA e ja kAraNa daravAjA para rAjA nA moTA karavAmakAjamA jANI lAkaDA mukavaNI navI gA mA bAda che mANakI Pin lakhI ghI nA kAmaNagAma) 1 kapa gIta Rangila ja nathI kAraNa ke - sAvi zaH, rAjakoTa nI moje mArI pAsafutra rAjA bara, jihil NI ne i | ne ka Thara, nAgarIka ghA ne mana HkalAmI mA,ziyA rAyajAmAnI kathAno rivAjA dazAmA HiRSyamAM | mArI che ke jo tene re ramatI R afi - AB za kare tamArI RT AT 1}" che rAI ma para maya zA sAkAra thakI jazo RT || gamana nAka, karInA dhAma A ja huM thAka 1 thI ghaNaTlakama thALa | kafrine mArA kAnane . | | zake che. te rAja ThAkora ne kAra KT dhImA jovA maLI jAya che. jo tamArI lAja rAkhAvAlA mukatA / karaNa 11 nA 1 NRI T nA nAma che mAma mALA ke A jIva nA ja pI ke kAkA karavA ne nara mA nAnA nArI ne GreT TT , 1o na kara jaga jIte nahI ke A karI ne re ja jAya che ke mArA bALaka nAma tamArA nAma ane mArA mATe karavAAi mAM nA gI 1 kapa magana bhAratIya samAjanA nA kAkA mArI sAravAra ghA ' - nI rakama | mAra mArI mAM rAja karI zALAnA nAnA rAme bAkAnA ke kIka , I Nations ja kAma to Edited ni a and hastapratalekhanamAM vAkyAtheno saMbaMdha pUrNa thAya tyAM pUrNavirAmasUcaka / daMDAkAra cihna karAtuM. vadhArAno artha samApta thato tyAM // UbhA be daMDa karavAmAM AvatA ane prakaraNa, gAthA vagerenI TIkAnI samApti thatI hoya tyAM // che || A pramANe lakhI zlokAMka ApavAmAM AvatA. hastapratanA aMte graMthamAna (zlokonI saMkhyA) ApavAmAM AvatuM. Ama jaina hastapratomAM prayojAyelI jaina nAgarI lipimAM traDha, mo, gau, cha, , ane tta jevA keTalAka akSaronA maroDamAM prAcIna svarUpa jaLavAI rahyuM che. A uparAMta varNanI upara , ane onI ziromAtrAne badale paDimAtrA lakhavAnI paddhatimAM, dha varNamAM zirorekhA nahIM bAMdhavAnI ane

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prAcIna bhAratanI jaina hastapratonI lipionI vizeSatA svaracihno joDavAnI paddhatimAM temaja ya ane 6 varNo sAthe joDAkSaro lakhavAnI paddhatimAM tathA aMkacihna-lekhanamAM prAcIna svarUpo jaLavAI rahyAM che. A uparAMta graMthalekhananA AraMbha ane aMtamAM prayojAtAM maMgalacihno, varNa-varNa ane paMkti-paMkti vacce nizcita mApanuM aMtara, patrakramAMka akSarAtmaka ane aMkAtmaka baMne rIte lakhavo, hastapratanA aMtamAM graMthAgra ke graMthamAna (kula zlokasaMkhyA) lakhavuM, hastapratanA patramAM akSarone lAkSaNika rIte lakhIne citrAkRtio banAvavI temaja adhyAya, sarga, ucchvAsa, laMbhaka, kAMDa, uddeza jevA mukhya vibhAgonI samAptimAM citrAkRtio AlekhavI - ityAdi aneka vizeSatAo jaina lipimAM jovA maLe che. 73 A rIte bhAratIya saMskRtinA amUlya jJAnavArasArUpa jaina ane jainetara hastapratone jaina samAje hastapratabhaMDAromAM sAcavIne tenuM je jatana karyuM che te A samAjanuM bhAratIya jJAnaparaMparAmAM bahumUlya ane avismaraNIya pradAna che. saMdarbha-sAhitya ojhA, gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda (1993), 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA', naI dillI; munazIrAma manoharalAla pablizarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, tRtIya AvRtti ThAkara, jayanta pre. (2006). 'hastapratavijJAna', amadAvAda, gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTa. navAba, sArAbhAI maNilAla (saMpAdaka ane prakAzaka - 1936), 'jaina citrakalpadruma', amadAvAda, kumAra prinTarI, rAyapura. parIkha, pravINacaMdra ci. (1974), 'gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhIno lipivikAsa (I.sa. 1500 sudhI)', amadAvAda, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, navaraMgapurA. parIkha, rasikalAla cho. ane zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. saMpA. (1976), 'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha 4 : 'solaMkIkAla', amadAvAda, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. (1973), 'bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA'. amadAvAda, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa baoNrDa, prathama AvRtti zelata, bhAratI (2005), 'lipi', amadAvAda, gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTa, usmAnapurA saujanya : 'jaina citra kalpadruma'mAMthI lIdhelAM citro badala.

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sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri AcAryazrI haribhadrasUrIzvarajIno janma vIra nirvANa saM. 1227 thI 1297 (vi. saM. 757thI 827)nA samayagALAmAM citrakUTa (hAlanA citoDa)mAM agnihotrI brAhmaNa kuLamAM gaMgAmAtAnI kukSie thayo hato. temanA pitAnuM nAma zaMkaralAla hatuM. temanuM nAma haribhadra rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. teo janmathI pratibhAsaMpanna hatA. uparAMta vidyAvyAsaMgI brAhmaNakuLano yoga maLavAthI vayavRddhi sAthe jJAnavRddhi vikasatI rahI. teo citoDanA rAjA jitArInA rAjapurohita tarIke mAnavaMtuM sthAna dharAvatA hatA. vizvavatsala bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmInI divya vANI dvArA apAyelA bodhano avirata pravAha cAlyo Ave che. gaNadharo ane dharmaprabhAvaka AcAryo dvArA adhyAtma kSetre uttama vipula sAhitya prApta thayuM che. AcArya zrI haribhadrasUri cha aMga, cAra veda, mImAMsA, tarka, dharmazAstra ane purANa ema cauda vidyAnA pAraMgata hatA. teo potAne ajeyavAdI mAnatA hatA. e vAdanA nAde teone ahaMthI puSTa karyA hatA. A jJAna (ahaM)thI peTa phATI na jAya te mATe teo sonAno paTTo bAMdhatA hatA ane jaMbUvRkSanI eka DALa hAthamAM evuM sUcavavA rAkhatA ke mArA samAna koI vidvAna nathI. A uparAMta teo kodALI, jALa ane nisaraNI rAkhatA hatA. kodALI eTalA mATe ke koI vAdI temanAthI DarIne pAtALamAM jato rahe to kodALI vaDe jamIna khodIne tene bahAra kADhI vAdamAM parAsta karAya, jALa eTalA mATe rAkhatA ke koI vAdI jaLamAM chupAI jAya to jALa vaDe bahAra kADhI parAsta karAya ane nisaraNI eTalA mATe rAkhatA ke sunaMdAbahena vahorA

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sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri 75 koI vAdI AkAzamAM cAlyo jAya to tene nIce utArI parAsta karI zakAya. sAmAnya rIte AvI hakIkata vidyApAraMgata mATe asthAne lAge. paraMtu keTalIka asara te kALanI praNAlIonI hoI zake. haribhadra eka vAra tIrthATana mATe nIkaLyA. te samaye temaNe pratijJA lIdhI ke je vyaktinuM kathana mane na samajAya tenA mATe ziSya banavuM. pharatA pharatA teo cittoDagaDhamAM AvyA. te samaye cittoDagaDhamAM zrI jinadatta nAmanA jaina AcArya birAjatA hatA. temanA samayamAM yAkinI nAmanA vidvAna mahattarA (sAdhvI) paNa hatAM. haribhadra pharatA pharatA A sAdhvIjIonA upAzraya pAse AvyA. tyAM temaNe gaMbhIra svare layabaddha zAstrokta gAthA sAMbhaLI je A pramANe hatI - cakki durga haripaNama, paNaga cakkINa kesano cakkI | kesava cakkI kasava ducakkI, kesIya cakkI ya || jaina darzana pramANe tIrthaMkaranA samayamAM bAra cakravartI ane nava vAsudeva hoya che. be cakravartI pAMca vAsudeva, pAMca cakravartI eka vAsudeva, eka cakravartI eka vAsudeva, be cakravartI eka vAsudeva, eka cakravartI ane eka vAsudeva, be cakravartI ane aMte eka vAsudeva eka cakravartI thayA. A gAthArtha hato. madhura svare bolAtI A gAthAno artha haribhadrasUri samajI zakyA nahIM. teoe vinayapUrvaka sAdhvIjIne pUchyuM, "he bhagavatI ! A gAthAmAM tame vAraMvAra caka caka zuM karo cho teno artha mane samajAvo.' yAkinI mahattarAe jaNAvyuM ke Ano artha samajavA tamAre amArA guru mahArAja pAse javuM paDe. artha samajAvavAno amAro adhikAra nathI. jainadarzananI paraMparAmAM sAdhvIjIone zAstrAbhyAsa karavA-karAvavAnI amuka maryAdA che. haribhadrae temanA guru mahArAjanA sthAna aMge pUchayuM tyAre sAdhvIjI teone AcArya zrI jinadattasUri pAse laI gayAM. AcArya bhagavaMte haribhadrane gAthAno artha samajAvyo. artha samajyA pachI haribhadrae potAnI pratijJA jaNAvI. AcArya bhagavaMte temanI mukhAkRti parathI jANyuM ke teo dIkSAne yogya che. temaNe teone "A mahattarAno dharmaputra thA !" ema kahyuM. AthI teo potAnI oLakhANa "yAkinI mahattarA dharmasUnuM' arthAt yAkinI mahattarAnA dharmaputra tarIke ApavA lAgyA. A prakAMDa brAhmaNa ajeya paMDita jaina dharmanA virodhI hatA. teo mAnatA ke hAthI pAchaLa paDe to hAthInA paga nIce cagadAI javuM sAruM paNa jaina maMdirano Azraya na levo. jaina dharma pratyeno Avo dveSabhAva tyajI teo pratijJA pramANe zrI jinadattasUrinA ziSya tarIke dIkSita thayA. temaNe jainatvanuM sAdhupaNuM svIkAryuM.

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76. sunaMdAbahena vohorA vidyAvyAsaMgamAM ajoDa hovAnA pariNAme teo TUMka samayamAM ja gItArtha thayA. jaina AgamomAM pAraMgata thayA. temanI pratibhAnA pariNAme gurudeve TUMka samayamAM ja AcAryapada pradAna karyuM chatAM teo potAne yAkinI mahattarAnA dharmaputra tarIke oLakhAvatA hatA. AcArya haribhadrasUrinA ziSyagaNamAM haMsa ane paramahaMsa be ati vidvAna ziSyo hatA. saMsAra saMbaMdhe teo emanA bhANeja hatA. kSatriya jAtinA mahAparAkramI zastrapAraMgata evA A be bhAIo sUrinI nizrAmAM zAstrapAraMgata thayA. zramaNya dharmanuM uttama rIte pAlana karatA teo sUrinA priya ziSya hatA. A baMne ziSyo zAstronA jJAtA banyA. temane bhAvanA thaI ke bauddhadarzana asarvajJa praNIta che. tenuM khaMDana karI sarvajJanAM tattvonuM khaMDana karavuM. te mATe temaNe bauddha maThamAM jaIne chUpA veze bauddha darzananuM adhyayana karavAnI icchA vyakta karI jethI vAdamAM temanA matanuM khaMDana karI zakAya. A mATe gurunI AjJA mAgI. te samaye bauddhadarzana jainadarzananuM kaTTara virodhI hatuM. sUrine Ano khyAla hato. nimittazAstranA AdhAre bhAvi jotAM bhayAvaha jaNAyuM. tethI temaNe ziSyone AjJA ApI nahIM. tema chatAM ziSyono ati Agraha thatAM kahyuM, 'tamane ThIka lAge tema karo." baMne ziSyo ati utsAhita hatA. teoe manamAM zramaNabhAva ane bAhyaveza bauddha bhikSukano dhAraNa karyo ane bauddha maThamAM praveza karyo. bauddha maThamAM kSaNikavAdano nAda ane "buddha zaraNaM gacchAmi'no guMjArava gAjato hato. A baMne zramaNa potAnA manamAM zrI navakAra mahAmaMtra ane sarvajJa zrI mahAvIranuM raTaNa karatA hatA. bauddha graMthonuM adhyayana karI parizramapUrvaka kSaNikavAdanuM khaMDana karatA muddAonI noMdha karI TippaNI taiyAra karI. jethI bhaviSyamAM vAda thAya tyAre bauddha matane harAvI zakAya. te kALe anyonya darzano vize rAjasabhAmAM vAdavivAda karI hArajItano nirNaya thAya tevI praNAlI hatI. te pachI jItanAra pakSa rAjAnA sahakArathI potAnA matano pracAra karatA. haMsa ane paramahaMsa utsAhapUrvaka A kArya karatA hatA paNa bhAvinuM nirmANa kaMIka juduM ja hatuM. eka vAra ekAeka jozamAM pavana phUMkAtAM TippaNInA kAgaLo UDIne bahAra pheMkAyA. temAMnA eka-be kAgaLa bauddhAcAryanI beThaka sudhI pahoMcI gayA. teoe kAgaLa hAthamAM lIdhA ane joyA. kAgaLo jotAM temane khyAla AvI gayo ke bauddha matanuM khaMDana karanArA A kAgaLo dvArA koI payaMtra racAI rahyuM che. teoe UbhA thaIne bUmAbUma karI, "payaMtra, jayaMtra'. badhA bhikSuo bhegA thaI gayA. bauddhAcArye kahyuM ke payaMtra karanArano nAza karavo joIe. haMsa ane paramahaMsane khyAla AvI gayo ke A to potAnI TippaNInA ja kAgaLo che. temanA zarIramAM dhrujArI vyApI gaI. bauddhAcArya jaNAvyuM ke koI zramaNonuM ja A payaMtra che. SaDyuMtra pakaDavA temaNe tarata ja yukti karI ke bahAra nIkaLavA mATenA daravAjA para jinapratimAnuM citra doravuM, tenA para paga mUkIne sahue nIkaLavuM. e pramANe kAryavAhI zarU thaI. bauddhAcArya dUra beThA beThA sUkSma nirIkSaNa karatA hatA, anukrame haMsa ane paramahaMsa daravAjA pAse AvyA. teo prANa jAya paNa jinapratimA para paga kaI rIte mUke?

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sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri temaNe pratimA para janoI dorI tethI te bauddha mUrti kahevAya. pachI tenA para paga mUkI bahAra nIkaLI gayAM. bauddhAcArya dUra rahIne barAbara nirIkSaNa karatA hatA eTale temaNe A baMne zramaNanI ceSTA joI ane moTA avAje ziSyone bhegA karyA ane kahyuM ke payaMtra karanAra A be zramaNo che. Adeza ApatAM kahyuM, "A baMneno nAza karo." e sAMbhaLatAM ja hajAro subhaTo A baMnenI pAchaLa paDyA. - haMse subhaTone kahyuM tame zastrano upayoga na karo. mArI sAthe zAstrArtha karo. tamAro mata kahe che, "sarvathA kSaNikaM'; jina mata kahe che, padArtho nityAnitya che. satyAsatya nirNayano anekAMtavAdano siddhAMta akADhya che. tame moTI saMkhyAmAM hovA chatAM A siddhAMta para mane harAvI nahIM zako. haMse atyaMta vizvAsapUrvaka Ama kahyuM tema chatAM bauddha bhikSakagaNa svIkAravA taiyAra na hatA. teo haMsane mAravA AgaLa vadhyA. haMse paramahaMsane kahyuM ke tuM bhAgI jA ane surapAla rAjAnA zaraNe jaje. teo nyAyI che. tyAM vAdavivAdathI bauddhone harAvIne gurudeva pAse pahoMcI jaje. savizeSa mArA taraphathI mAphI mAgIne kaheje ke teonA vacananI avagaNanAnuM phaLa mane maLI gayuM che. dharmanA jhanUnanI parAkASThA hatI. bauddha subhaTo moTI saMkhyAmAM eka zramaNa para tUTI paDyA. haMsa mahAna yoddho hovA chatAM subhaTo moTI saMkhyAmAM hovAnA pariNAme sAmano karI zakyA nahIM. vaLI subhaTonA cittamAM veranI Aga hatI. Akhare temaNe haMsanI hatyA karI. haMse dharmarakSA mATe prANanI Ahuti ApI paNa bauddha matanuM zaraNa na lIdhuM. tyAra pachI A subhaTo paramahaMsanI pAchaLa paDyA ane tenI hatyA karI. eka evo ullekha maLe che ke temanuM rajoharaNa devIe pauSadhazALAmAM mUkyuM te joIne zrI haribhadrasUrie jANyuM ke ziSyonuM mRtyu thayuM che. bIjuM maMtavya e che ke haMsanA mRtyu pachI paramahaMsa tyAMthI bhAgIne surapAla rAjAne zaraNe gayo ane tyAMthI gurudeva pAse pahoMcI gayo. badhI hakIkata kahI ati zramane kAraNe te paNa mRtyu pAmyo. A baMne ziSyo vinayanA kAraNe gurudevane atyaMta priya hatA. A uttama ziSyonA mRtyuthI gurudeva atyaMta dravita thayA. AcArya zrI haribhadrasUrinA cittamAM tIvra vedanAnA kAraNe verabhAva pedA thayo ane bauddha subhaTono nAza karavAno saMkalpa karyo. temaNe surapAla rAjAnI sabhAmAM jaI bauddhone vAdamAM harAvI 1400 subhaTono nAza karavAno vicAra karyo. temanA manamAM vairabhAvano agni prajavalita thayo hato. te surapAla rAjAnI sabhAmAM pahoMcyA ane bauddha dharmAcArya sAthe vAdavivAda karavAnI rajUAta karI. surapAla rAjA bauddhadharma matanA hatA. dharmAcArye rAjAne kahyuM ke, "tame bauddhadharmI thaI anya matanA anuyAyIne zA mATe zaraNa Apo cho ? vaLI temanA zramaNe to bhagavAnanI pratimA para paga mUkyo che. teno to nAza karavo te tamAro dharma che." rAjAe vivekapUrvaka AcAryane zAMta karyA ane kahyuM ke, "tame jainAcArya sAthe vAdavivAda karo.' aMte surapAlanI rAjasabhAmAM vAdavivAda goThavAyo. sUrie vAdamAM bauddha bhikhkhaone harAvyA

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78 sunaMdAbahena vohorA ane zarata pramANe UkaLatA telanA kuMDamAM homavAnuM jAhera karyuM. (bauddhAcArya ane sAtaso bhikhkhuono homa thayo tevo ullekha maLe che.) sUrijInA gurudevane A hakIkatanI jANa thatAM teozrIe be munine patra ApI mokalyA. patramAM lakhyuM hatuM ke, 'vatsa, A verabhAva tane zobhe che ? zrAmaNya tamane zuM kahe che ? sAdhu eTale kSamAno avatAra. punaH vicAra karaje. bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmIe vera sAme kSamAno upadeza ane Adeza ApyA che. samarAditya kathAnA agnizarmAnA vera ane guNasenanA premane yAda kara. he vatsa ! veranI Agane premanA varasAdathI bujhAvI de. he vatsa ! yAkinI mahattarAnA dharmaputrane A zobhatuM nathI. vAtsalyapUrNa patra vAMcIne sUrinI AMkhamAM codhAra AMsunI dhArA vahevA lAgI. rAjasabhAmAM ja sUrie bhikhkhuo pAse kSamA mAgI ane kahyuM ke, 'meM veranA AvezamAM khoTuM karyuM che.' punaH kSamA mAgI pazcAttApa karI pAvana thayA. muninI sAthe sUri gurudeva pAse pahoMcI gayA. evI mAhitI sAMpaDe che ke 1444 bhikhkhuone mAravAno saMkalpa karyo hato. paraMtu hatyA karatA agAu gurudeve ziSyo dvArA zAMta thavA aMgeno patra mokalyo. patra vAMcIne samatAbhAvamAM AvyA. tarata ja gurudeva pAse pahoMcIne caraNamAM zIza jhukAvI azrudhArA vaDe caraNa-prakSAlana karI thayelA pApanuM prAyazcitta mAgyuM. eka kiMvadaMtI pramANe ema paNa manAya che ke yAkinI mahattarAe temane hiMsAthI dUra rahevAno saMketa Apyo. athavA aMbAdevIe svargalokamAMthI pragaTa thaI sAdhudharmanI ahiMsAno upadeza ApI subhaTone mA2vAne badale zAstranA nirmANa ka2vAno upadeza Apyo. vaLI kahyuM ke, 'tamArA bhAgyamAM ziSyono yoga nathI. zAstrone ja ziSyo rUpe svIkArI lo. tame zramaNa cho, tamane hiMsA na zobhe.' gurudeve 1444 graMtha nirmANa karavAnuM prAyazcitta ApyuM. sUrijIe tyAra pachInuM jIvana zrutapUjAmAM pUrNa karyuM. vayovRddha chatAM prAyazcittanA bhAvathI athAgapaNe aMta samaya sudhI kAryarata rahyA. ATalA badhA graMthonI racanA kaI rIte thaI haze ? A saMdarbhamAM lalliga nAmano zrAvaka temanAthI bodha pAmyo hato ane gurudevanI kRpAthI dhananI prApti thaI hatI. teNe eka moTo prakAzita hIro upAzrayamAM jaDAvI dIdho hato jenA prakAzamAM sUri rAta-divasa niraMtara lekhana karI zakyA hatA tema jANavA maLyuM che. AcAryazrI haribhadrasUrinA AhAra vAparavAnA samaye lalliga yAcakone bhegA karI uttama bhojana karAvato te sahune sUri AzIrvAda ApatA ke tamAro bhava viraha thAo. tethI teo 'bhavaviraha sUri' nAme prasiddhi pAmyA hatA jeno ullekha 'saMsAra dAvA...'nI stutimAM ane koI graMthomAM paNa maLe che. sUrijIe 1440 graMtha pUrNa karyA pachI temanA jIvanadIpakanuM tela pUruM thavA AvyuM hatuM. tema chatAM temanuM graMthalekhana cAlu rahyuM. 1443 graMtha racAI gayA pachI teo 'saMsAra dAvAnala dAhanIraM'nI stutinI racanA karI rahyA hatA tyAre kALadharma pAmyA. AnI traNa kaDI lakhAI gaI hatI tyAre samAdhisaha teo kALadharma pAmyA tyAre saMghamAMthI cothI kaDIno nAda thayo. 'jhaMkArArAva sArA maladala kamalA hAra bhUminIvAse'

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sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri 79 Aje ATalAM varSo pachI paNa moTA pratikramaNamAM A cothI stutino dhvani saMghamAM sthAna dharAve che. eka maMtavya evuM che ke zrutadevIe cothI kaDI pUrNa karI hatI. gurudeve ApelA prAyazcitta rUpe 1444 graMthonuM nirmANa karyuM e temano guru pratyeno ahobhAva ane vinaya hato. pUjya AcAryazrI haribhadrasUrIzvarajI kALadharma pAmyA te sthaLe saudharma devalokanA devoe AvIne udghoSaNA karI ke zrI haribhadrasUri amArA svAmI thayA che. teo saudharma devalokanA 'lIlA' nAmanA vimAnamAM pAMca palyopamanA AyuSyavALA deva thayA che. pUjyazrI zrI sImaMdharasvAmInA darzanArthe gayA tyAre pUchayuM ke, "mArI mukti kyAre thaze ?" prabhue pratyuttara Apyo ke, "saudharma devalokathI cyavana karI tame aparavidehamAM samRddha kulamAM janma pAmazo. tyAM saMyama dhAraNa karI mokSa pAmazo.' A hakIkata "kahAvalI'nA prathama paricchedanA aMtamAM darzAvI che. sArAMza : jainadarzanavirodhI prakAMDa brAhmaNa maMtravida mAnavaMtuM rAjapurohita pada chatAM pratijJAnI dRDhatA kevI ke thoDI ja paLomAM mahAparivartana karI jainAvalaMbI dIkSita thayA. je sAdhvIjInA nimitte Avo yoga thayo tene mAtAnuM sthAna ApI potAne yAkinI mahattarA sUnu (putra) tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM vinamratA dAkhavI. keTalAka graMthomAM paNa Ano ullekha karyo che. haMsa-paramahaMsa e vahAlA ziSyonI hatyAthI dravita thaI zramaNanA ahiMsA dharmathI calita thayA. mahA hiMsaka-raudra dhyAnathI gherAI gayA. paraMtu gurudevanA vacanane ziromAnya karI zIvratAe potAnI bhUlane sudhArI namrabhAve bauddha bhikSuonI kSamA mAgI. e temano guru pratyeno ahobhAva ane vinaya hato. gurudeve ApelA prAyazcittane daDhatAthI pUrNa karyuM. A prasaMganA pariNAme maLelA prAyazcittathI 1444 graMthonuM nirmANa thayuM e jainadarzananA AdhyAtmika kSetre sAhityanuM ghaNuM mahAna pradAna che. vaLI A prasaMganA pariNAme temaNe eka bhAvanAnuM sevana karyuM ke sarva jIvo bhavathI viraha pAmo. e bhAvathI racAyelI stuti seMkaDo varSa pachI paNa Ajaparyata sAdhako dvArA pratikramaNamAM sthAna dharAve che. vANI saMdoha dehe bhavaviraha vara dehime devi-sAra" AvI aneka kRtiothI sUrinuM smaraNa cirasthAyI banyuM che. AvA bhAvanA ane samartha mahAtmAonA graMthanA adhyayana dvArA ja jainasamAja temanuM RNa cUkavI zake. vRddhatva chatAM yuvAnInI jema tapa ane lekhana karI pApanuM prakSAlana A janmamAM ja karI dIdhuM. temanA AvA tapobaLane, zrutasevAne ApaNA koTizaH vaMdana. prastuta jIvanacaritramAM mukhya AdhAragraMtha - pU. A. zrI vijaya pUrNacaMdrasUrijI likhita yAkinI

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sunaMdAbahena vohorA mahattarA dharmaputra zrI haribhadrasUrijI' (hiMdI bhASI); zrI hIrAlAla 2. kApaDiyA likhita 'zrI haribhadrasUri' gujarAtImAM upalabdha che. mahAna zrutadhara paramarSi zrImad haribhadrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja racita 80 krama 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. krama 1. 52. 3. 8. 5. phra6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. nAma anuyogadvAra 'ziSyAhitA' vRtti Avazyaka sUtra- bRhadvRtti Avazyaka 'ziSyAhitA' vRtti niryukti-vRtti caityavaMda sUtra vRtti - 'lalita vistarA ' caityavaMdana bhASya jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti 'pradeza' vRtti (jaisalamera meM hai) jIvAbhigama sUtra laghuvRtti dazavaikAlika ziSyabodhinI bRhaTTIkA dazavaikAlika laghuTIkA athavA avacUri naMdIsUtra - TIkA piMDaniyukti - vRtti prajJApanA 'pradeza vyAkhyA' graMthasUci Agama kI TIkAe~ vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRtti ( jaisalamera graM. sUci) mahAnizItha - uddhAra nAma aSTaka prakaraNa ( 32 aSTaka) * Atmasiddhi AtmAnuzAsana upadeza pada (prA.) * kathAkoSa Agamika prakaraNa kulaka jaMbUdvIpa saMgrahaNI jinagRha pratimA stotra ( zAzvatajina stava) jJAnAditya prakaraNa * jJAnapaMcaka vyAkhyAna darzana zuddhi ( darzana saptati) * - AcAra upadeza zloka 3000 84000 22000 1545 1192 6850 2336 4700 zloka 266 1150 30 7 81 250

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sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri 378 273 // / / // 6 1714 5050 C 24. 12. devendra-narakendra prakaraNa. 13. dharmabindu (svopaz2a) (48, 542 sU.). 14. dharmalAbha siddhi 15. dharmasAra svopajJa saTika 16. dhyAna zataka vRtti paMcavastu (prA.) mUla 18. paMcavastuka TIkA OM19. paMcanigraMthI 20. paMcasaMgraha paMcasUtra vyAkhyA paraloka siddhi paMcAzaka (prA.) 19 paMcAzaka (svopajJa) pratiSThA kalpa. 25. bRhanmithyAtva matakhaMDana boTika pratiSedha . 27. bhAvanAsiddhi 28. yatidina kRtya * 29. laghukSetra samAsa-vRtti 30. loka biMdu 31. varga kevali sUtra - vRtti 32. viMzati viMzikA (prA). ...zatazataka 34. zrAvakadharmavidhi prakaraNa - zrAvakadharma (prA.) zrAvakadharmasamAsazrAvaka - prajJApti vRtti (svopajJa) 36. zrAvakadharma taMtra * saMbodha prakaraNa - tattvaprakAzaka (prA.) 38. saMbodha saptati sAdhupravacana sAra prakaraNa stava hiMsASTaka svopajJa avacUri yukta darzanazAstra krama nAma anekAMta jayapatAkA (svopajJa) * anekAMta jayapatAkA udyota dIpikA * 120 403 9-patra zloka 3500 8250

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82 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 48. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. pha18. krama 1. 2. 3. 4. 55. 6. 7. 8. krama 1. 2. 3. krama 1. anekAMta vAdapraveza anekAMta siddhi tattvArthasUtra DupaDupikA laghuvRtti dvijavadana capeTA dharmasaMgrahaNI * nyAya pravezaka ziSyahitA TIkA (mUla - dignAgakRta) nyAyavinizcaya nyAyAvara vRt brahma siddhAMta samuccaya ( nAmapradAtA : mu. puNya vi . ) lokatattvanirNaya (nRtatva nigama) vedabAhyatA nirAkaraNa zAstravArtAsamuccaya (svopajJa) * zAstravArtA samuccaya 'dikpradA' TIkA * SaDdarzana samuccaya * sarvajJasiddhi (svopajJa saTIka ) * syAdvAda kucodya parihAra nAma yogadRSTi samuccaya (svopajJa) * yogadRSTi samuccaya-vRtti * yoga biMdu (svopajJa) yogabiMdu vRt * * yo nirNaya yogaviMzikA (prA.) (viMzati viMzikA antargata) yoga zataka (prA.) svopajJa saTIka SoDazaka prakaraNa * nAma dhUrtAkhyAna (prA.) * samarAditya caritra (prA.) * vIrAMgada kathA yoga nAma lagnazuddhi - lagna kuNDalikA (prA.) * kathA jyotiSa sunaMdAbahena vohorA 720 1936 500 2013 423 141 700 2250 81 130 zloka 226 1115 521 3620 8 101 330 zloka 485 10000 8- patra zloka 233

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sUripuraMdara zrI haribhadrasUri krama nAma 1. 2. vizeSa TippaNI : (1) (svastika) cihnAMkita graMtha Aja anupalabdha hai / (2) (3) * (4) 1. 2. 3. 8. 6. 7. 8. stuti vIrastava saMsAra dAvAnala zloka 83 jahA~ para (prA.) aisA likhA hai, ve graMtha prAkRta bhASA meM haiM / jisa graMtha ke sAtha zUnyadarzaka cihna aMkita kiye gaye haiM, usa graMtha kI pANDulipiyA~ Aja bhI maujUda haiN| yahAM hamane granthAgra diye haiM, usakI kahIM para bhinnatA dekhane ko mila sakatI hai, para aMdAjana karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hogI / isa gaNanA se zrI haribhadrasUrijI ne prAyaH 150000 zloka se adhika hI racanA kI hai yaha bAta niHzaMka hai / prathama puraskartA : zrI haribhadrAcArya pratikramaNa kI vidhi ko vyavasthita saMkalita karane meM zrI haribhadrasUrijI sarva prathama the, aisA lagatA hai / paMcavastuka meM carcita viSayoM kA tArkika dRSTi se nirUpaNa karanevAle zrI haribhadrasUrijI prathama saMbhavita hai / jainAgamoM meM zrI AvazyakasUtra ke alAvA saMskRta meM vRtti likhane kI sarvaprathama zurUAta karane vAle zrI haribhadrasUrijI the, aisA lagatA hai / caityavaMdana sUtra para sarva prathama yadi koI vRtti upalabdha hai, to vaha zrI haribhadrasUrijI kI hai / zrI haribhadrasUrijI dvArA svaracita cAra (anuyogadvAra, AvazyakasUtra, nyAyapravezaka, paMcavastuka) vRtti ke nAma ziSyahitA evaM eka (dazavaikAlika) kA nAma ziSyabodhinI rakhA, isa prakAra kA nAma rakhane vAle jainAcAryoM meM ve prathama haiM, aisA lagatA hai / bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAka darzana kI bhI eka darzana ke rUpa meM pahacAna karAnevAle zrI haribhadrasUrijI kA prAyaH prathama sthAna hai / upalabdha sAhitya dekhate hue yoga ke sambandha meM ATha dRSTi kA vicAra dekara naI dizA sUcita karanevAle evaM jaina sAhitya meM yoga mArga kI punaH sthApanA karanevAloM meM zrI haribhadrasUrijI prathama the / kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana do upayogavAda ke viSaya meM tIna matoM ke puraskartA ke rUpa meM zrI jinabhadragaNi, zrI siddhasena divAkarasUrijI evaM zrI vRddhAcAryazrI kA ullekha sarva prathama bAra zrI bhadrasUrijI ne kiyA thA /

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sunaMdAbahena vohorA 9. padArtha padavigraha, cAlanA evaM pratyavasthAna ina suprasiddha saMjJAoM ke sthAna para vAkyArtha, mahAvAkyArtha evaM aidaMparyArtha jaise abhinava saMjJAoM kA upayoga zrI haribhadrasUrijI ke pUrva kisI ne kiyA ho, aisI jAnakArI nahIM hai / 10. sanmati prakaraNa para zrI mallavAdisUrijI ne TIkA racI thI, isa bAta ko sarvaprathama nirdezita zrI haribhadrasUrijIne kI, vaise hI usa TIkA meM se avataraNa nikAlane vAle zrI haribhadrasUrijI prathama hI hoNge| 11. viharamAna zrI sImaMdhara svAmIjI ne zrIsaMgha para kRpA kara 'cUlikA' bhejane kI bAta sUcita karanevAle prAya: zrI haribhadrasUrijI prathama hone cAhiye / 12. chedasUtra evaM mUlasUtra kI saMkhyA anukrama se 6 evaM 4 darzAnevAle zrI haribhadrasUrijI prathama the / 13. dharma kI parIkSA suvarNa kI taraha kaSa-tApa evaM cheda dvArA karane kI tArkika dRSTi denevAle jainAcArya ke rUpa meM zrI haribhadrasUrijI prathama the, aisA upalabdha sAhitya se patA calatA hai / 14. nyAya kA nirdeza karanevAle graMthakAroM meM zrI haribhadrasUrijI kA prathama paMkti meM sthAna hai / 15. caityavaMdana vidhi darzAnevAlI Adya upalabdha kRti zrI haribhadrasUrijI kRta 'lalita vistarA' hai, aisA AgamoddhAraka zrI sAgarAnaMdasUrijI kA mAnanA hai / saMdarbha : zrI hIrAlAla ra. kApaDiyA likhita haribhadrasUri

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jaina AgamanAM AkarSaka tattvo prabuddha karuNAnA karanArA bhagavAna mahAvIre uppaneIvA, vigameIvA ane dhuveIvA - A tripadI dvArA dezanA ApI. gaNadhara bhagavaMto dvArA A upadeza ApaNane Agama rUpe maLyo. devo, manuSyo ane tiryaMco, samavasaraNamAM bhagavAna mahAvIranI pAvana vANI jhIlavA Asanastha thaI jAya che. bhagavAna mAlakoza rAgamAM potAnI dezanA pravAhita kare che ne sau jIvo potapotAnI bhASAmAM te samaje che. jenuM upAdAna utkRSTa che ane jenI gaNadhara thavAnI pAtratA che, bhagavAnanA zrImukhethI tripadI sAMbhaLatA A bhavya jIvonA Rcaka pradezo khUle che. jJAnAvaraNIya karmano adbhuta kSayopazama thatAM temanA aMtaramanamAM sahaja rIte dvAdazAMgInI racanA thaI jAya che ane A rIte bhagavAna mahAvIranA upadezano amUlya vAraso ApaNane maLe che. pU. zrI devardhigaNine anubhUti thaI ke kALakrame mAnavInI smRtizakti ochI thatI jAya che. jethI pUjyazrIe bhagavAna mahAvIrano A divya vAraso jaLavAI rahe te mATe vallabhIpuramAM 500 sAdhumahAtmAonA sahayogathI satata 13 varSanA puruSArthathI lekhanakArya dvArA A vAraso lipibaddha karyo. pUrvAcAryoe zramaNa saMskRtinI jJAnadhArA gatimAna rAkhavA mATe samaye samaye AgamonuM saMpAdana, saMzodhana, saMvardhana ane saMkalana karI adbhuta yogadAna ApyuM che. samagra mAnavajAtanA kalyANane mATenI hitaciMtA, akAraNa karuNAnA karanArA prabhu mahAvIrane satata dezanA ApavA prere che tene guNavaMta baravALiyA

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86 guNavaMta baravALiyA kAraNe mAtra jaina sAhityane ja nahi, paraMtu vizvanA darzana sAhityane eka amUlya bheTa maLe che. AgamanuM ciMtana, svAdhyAya ane parizIlana ajJAnanAM aMdhArAM dUra karI jJAnano dIvo pragaTAve che. jaina tattvajJAna, AcArazAstra tathA vicAradarzananA subhaga samanvaya sAthe saMtulita temaja mArmika vivecana AgamamAM che. tethI tene jaina paraMparAnuM jIvanadarzana kahI zakAya. pApavRtti ane karmabaMdhanamAMthI mukta thaIne paMcamagatinAM zAzvata sukho kaI rIte pAmI zakAya te darzAvavA hiMsA Adi dUSaNonuM pariNAma dekhADI ahiMsAnA parama dhyeyanI puSTi karavA saguNonI pratiSThA A saMpUrNa sUtromAM karI che. AgamanA naisargika tejapuMjamAMthI eka nAnakaDuM kiraNa maLe to paNa ApaNuM jIvana prakAzamaya thaI jAya. AtmAne karmamukta thavAnI pAvana prakriyAmAM pravAhita karatAM Agama sUtro AtmasudhAraNAno amUlya dastAveja che. gaNadhara bhagavaMtoe bhagavAnanI vANIne jhIlI sUtrabaddha karelAM Agamo jIvanA kalyANa maMgala mATe, vyaktine UrdhvapaMthano yAtrI banAvavA mATe preraNAnA prakAza pAthare che. anAdikALathI AtmA para lAgelI karmarajane sApha karavAnI prakriyA eTale AtmasudhAraNA. AtmA para karma dvArA vikRti ane malinatAnA thara jAmyA che jethI huM mArA AtmAnA sAcA svarUpane joI zakato nathI. apAra zaktinA svAmI AtmAnAM darzana thaI jAya to saMsAranAM duHkho ane janmamaraNanI zRMkhalAmAMthI mukti maLI jAya. aMga, upAMga, chedasUtra, pannA, mULasUtra ane prakIrNaka vageremAM 32 athavA ane 45 AgamAM samAviSTa che. zvetAmbara jainoe Agamano bhagavAna mahAvIranA upadezagraMtho rUpe svIkAra karyo che. digaMbara jenonI mAnyatA che ke bhagavAna mahAvIra pachI navaso eMzI varSa bAda Agamane lipibaddha karavAmAM AvyAM eTale e bhagavAnanI pratyakSa dezanA rUpe svIkArI zakAya nahIM. lagabhaga be hajAra varSa pahelAM digaMbara muni kuMdakuMdAcArya thaI gayA. e mahAna labdhidhArI AcArya zaMkAnA samAdhAna ane jJAnaprApti artha sadehe mahAvideha kSetramAM virahamAna tIrthakara sImaMdhara svAmI pAse gayA. tyAM ATha divasa upavAsa sAthe jJAnaprApti karI. tyAMthI AvIne sIdhA tAmilanADunA baMDevAsI gAmanI punaTamalaya guphAmAM besIne samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi zAstronI racanA karI. digaMbara paraMparAe eno paramAgama zAstro rUpe svIkAra karyo che. chatAMya jainonA tamAma phirakAo, samasta jainoe ane vizvanA aneka vidvAnoe Agamano jaina tattvajJAnanA utkRSTa sAhitya rUpe to svIkAra karyo ja che. A Agama graMthomAM samAviSTa dravyAnuyoga, caraNakaraNAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga ane dharmakathAnuyogamAM Thera Thera jIvamAMthI ziva banavAnI prakriyAno nirdeza che. AgamazAstro jaina zAsananA baMdhAraNano pAyo che. jaina AgamarUpI A dastAvejamAM jJAna, darzana ane cAritrarUpa triratnanI mAlikI ApavAnA siddhAMto, niyamo ane AcAronuM viza

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jaina AgamanAM AkarSaka tattvo mArgadarzana ApavAmAM Avela che. jemAM jaNAvela AcArapAlana mAnavIne avazya Atmonnati karAvI zake. A Agamo ApaNA mATe kaI rIte preraka banyAM che tenI vicAraNA karIe. "AcAra e ja prathama dharma che A jIvanasUtra apanAvavAnI saphaLa tarakIbo darzAvIne zrI AcArAMga sUtramAM AcArazuddhi dvArA jIvanazuddhinA starane UMcuM lAvavA mATe cha prakAranA jIvone yatanA', "jayaNA' ane AcArazuddhino mArga batAvyo che. vaLI AtmasudhAraNA ane samAdhinI prApti karavAmAM indriyavijayanI pradhAnatAnuM nirUpaNa karatAM zrI AcArAMga sUtramAM kahyuM che ke "ne gune mUtraddhALe, ne mUnAne' - je pAMca indriyonA viSayo che te saMsAranuM mULa kAraNa che. AtmAthI paramAtmA sudhInI yAtrAnuM mArgadarzana A sUtramAM ApavAnI sAthe jaNAvAyuM che ke AtmajJAna pAmyA vagara jagatanuM koI paNa jJAna ajJAna gaNAya che. mATe AtmajJAna pAmavA icchuka sAdhakoe ane navadIkSitoe AcArAMgano UMDANapUrvaka abhyAsa karavo joIe. vaijJAnikoe vanaspatimAM jIva hovAnI zodha karI. zrI AcArAMgamAM bhagavAne AgaLa vadhIne pRthvI, pANI, agni, vAyu ane vanaspatimAM paNa jIva che; vanaspati ane prANIne paNa saMvedanA che ema kahyuM che. phoranaTa nAmanA megejhinamAM "Mountain are Grows" nAmanA lekhanuM prakAzana thayeluM jemAM parvatonI mAtra bAhya vRddhi nahIM paNa AMtarika vRddhinI vAta pragaTa thayelI che. e vAta svAbhAvika che ke jyAM jIva hoya tyAM ja AvI AMtarika vRddhi saMbhavI zake. AcArAMgamAM zrI bhagavAna kahe che ke bhogamAM sukhano anubhava thAya che tenA karatAM vizeSa yogamAM parama AnaMdanI anubhUti thAya che. jagatanA bhinna bhinna dArzanikonA vicArono kapereTiva sTaDI - taphAvata ane sarakhAmaNI dvArA tenI apUrNatA pratye aMgulinirdeza karI sAdhunA AcAro ane vairAgyanAM duHkhonA varNana dvArA jIvane vairAgyabhAva tarapha zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra prere che. zrI sUyagaDAMga (zrI sUtrakRtAMga) sUtramAM jainadarzananI zreSThatAnuM nyAyayukta varNana karyuM che. jagatanAM anya darzano jainadarzanathI kaI rIte alaga paDe che tenAM kAraNo ane viziSTatAo A sUtramAM maLe che. bhagavAna mahAvIre kaheluM ke tArkikapaNe gaMgAsnAnathI mokSa maLato hoya to gaMgAmAM rahelI badhI ja mAchalIone mokSa maLI jAya. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke snAna e bAhyazuddhinuM kAraNa mAtra che. AtmazuddhinI prakriyA nathI. dehazuddhinuM mahattva gauNa che. mokSamArgamAM AtmazuddhinuM ja mahattva che. vivekabuddhinuM baMdhAraNa vyavasthita rAkhavA mATe jagatanA bhinna bhinna padArthonuM vargIkaraNa zrI ThANAMga sUtramAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. AtmasudhAraNA mATe dasa saMjJAone dasa rASTradharma dvArA kaI rIte saMskArita karI zakAya tenuM suMdara nirUpaNa A sUtramAM karavAmAM Avela che.

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guNavaMta baravALiyA varasAda na Avato hoya to kema lAvavo ane kaI nadImAM keTaluM pANI raheze tenI bhaviSyanI vAta A sUtramAM che. A sUtramAM bhagavAne 10 nakSatramAM jJAnanI vRddhinI vAta darzAvI che : 88 1. mRgizara, 2. ArdrA, 3. puSya, 4. pUrvASADhA, 5. pUrva bhadrapadA, 6. pUrvAphAlgunI, 7. mULa, 8. AzleSA, 9. hasta, 10. citrA - A dasa nakSatromAM vidyAprAptino prabaLa puruSArtha karavA kaheluM. nakSatromAMthI je kiraNo nIkaLe che te ApaNA breinane asara kare che, A nakSatronA samayamAM khullA Teresa para vidyAprAptino prayoga karavAno hoya che. pUrve tapovanamAM, RSikuLamAM gurujI vRkSa nIce ke khullAmAM vidyAdAna detA hatA. dharatIkaMpanAM kAraNo A sUtramAM batAvyAM che. jagatanA padArthonuM samyak prakAranuM viziSTa jJAna zrI samavAyAMga sUtramAM ApyuM che, je aneka prakAranA viSayonA samanvayanuM viziSTa dRSTibiMdu rajU kare che. virodhI viSayono samanvaya kaI rIte ka2vo te A sUtranA abhyAsathI jANI zakAze. ekatALIsa vibhAgamAM dasa hajAra uddezako ane paMdara hajAra sAtaso bAvana zlokasaha dvAdazAMgInuM sauthI moTuM mahAsAgara samAna gaMbhIra ane gUDhArthavALuM Agama eTale zrI bhagavatI sUtra. zrI gautamasvAmI ane anya sAdhakoe bhagavAnane pUchelA 36000 praznonA suMdara samAdhAnanA AgamamAMthI ekAda bhAva paNa jo AcaraNamAM mUkIe to mAnavajIvana sArthaka banI jAya. sAdhujIvananI caryA sAthe aNu-paramANunuM varNana vaijJAnika Dhabe 52ma vaijJAnika prabhu mahAvIre karela che. koInA paNa zarIramAM kyAreka devI ke deva praveza na karI zake, paNa deva-devI vyaktine vaza karI zake tenuM varNana che. havAmAna ane comAsAnA vartArAnI vAta karI che. 6 mahinAthI vadhu vAdaLAM na rahI zake, 6 mahinAmAM visarALa thaI jAya. ghoDo doDe tyAre eka prakArano avAja kyAMthI Ave che ? ghoDAnA hRdaya ane kALajA (livara) vacce karkara nAmano vAyu utpanna thAya che. ghoDo doDe tyAre te vAyu bahAra nIkaLatAM A avAz2a thAya che. A darzAve che ke bhagavAnane prANIonA zarIranI racanAnuM sUkSma jJAna hatuM. badhA tIrthaMkaronA sAdhu raMgIna vastro paheratA paNa bhagavAne zveta vastro pahe2vA Adeza karyo. garamI ane tApamAM raMgIna vastromAM vadhu garamI lAge, zvetamAM ochI - A rIte prabhue globala vaoNrmiMganI AgAhI karI ke bhaviSyamAM vaizvika tApamAna vadhaze. - dharmakathAnuyogamAM zrI jJAtAdharmakathA nAmanA A AgamamAM mahApuruSonA jIvananI satyaghaTanAo ane aupadezika kathAono vipula saMgraha che. dravyAnuyoga kathAnuyoga paMra savArI

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jaina AgamanAM AkarSaka tattvo 89 karIne Ave to darzananAM rahasyo saraLatAthI samajAI zake. A dharmakathAnuM zravaNa bALajIvone dharmaprIti preranAruM banI rahe, dharmamArgamAM sthira karanAruM banI rahe tevuM che. paoNjhiTiva thiMkiMga kaI rIte rAkhavuM - samudAya vaccenA jIvanamAM samudAyadharma kaI rIte nibhAvavo temaja vaDIlonAM sthAna ane sanmAnanI vAta A sUtromAM kahI che. vAstuzAstra, nagararacanA, jIvanavyavasthA ane jIvanazailImAMthI uddabhavatA praznonuM samAdhAna jANavAnI icchAvALAoe jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra vAMcavuM joIe. zrI upAsakadazAMga sUtramAM vIraprabhunA zAsananA daza mahAzrAvakonA dezaviratinA utkRSTa AcAranuM varNana ApaNane preraNAnAM pIyUSa pAya che. zrAvakonI jIvanazailI, temanI vyApAranI paddhati kevA prakAranI hatI tenuM temaja rokANanI paddhati, kSetra, sAdhano ane nyAyasaMpanna vaibhava ane zrAvakonI Avakano vyaya tathA sadbhayanuM varNana A sUtramAM che. ' bhagavAna mahAvIranA zrAvako pAse gAyonAM vizALa gokuLa hatAM. je gharamAM gAya che tyAM AsurI saMpattinuM Agamana thatuM nathI, te A sUtra dvArA phalita thAya che. parivAramAM patnI, mAtA ane putronuM sthAna ane vAnaprastha AzramanuM varNana paNa A sUtramAM - bhagavAna mahAvIre potAnA zrAvako je saMsAramAM rahIne paNa utkRSTa AtmakalyANa kare che tevA zrAvakonuM potAnA zrImukhethI varNana karI zrAvakone potAnA hRdayamAM sthAna ApyuM che te upAsakadazAMga sUtrathI pragaTa thAya che. zrI aMtagaDadazAMga sUtramAM aMtarmuhUrtamAM mokSe gayelA puNyAtmA ArAdhaka munionAM jIvana zrAvakanA traNa manoratha caritArtha karavAnA preraka bane che. A sUtramAM sahanazIlatAthI saphaLatA sudhInI yAtrAnuM varNana che. zrAvaka sudarzana "namo jiNANajI abhayANanA jApa kare che, tyAre seMkaDo kilo vajananuM zastra tenA para pheMkavAmAM Ave che chatAM te vAgatuM nathI. japa-sAdhanAne kAraNe tenI AsapAsa surakSAcakra racAya che ane tene bacAve che. A ghaTanAnuM vaijJAnika vizleSaNa karatAM jaNAze ke adazya padArtha dazyane rokI zake. surakSAno eka adazya phorsa ApaNI AsapAsa racAya je meTalane paNa rokI zake che. gozAlake bhagavAna sAme pheMkelI tejalezyA vakhate paNa AvuM ja thayuM. garjasukumAranA mAthe aMgArA mUkyA tyAre tene pIDA na thaI. sAdhu loca kare tyAre pahelI cArapAMca laTa kheMce tyAre duHkha pIDA thAya pachI te pIDA ochI thAya eno artha e thayo ke ApaNI bhItara enesthesiyA sakriya thAya che. ApaNI aMdara pIDAzAmaka rasAyaNa sarjAya che je necarala enesthesiyA che. aMdaramAM evuM kAMIka tattva sarjAya che je tattva ApaNI sahanazIlatAne vikasAve che. A saMzodhanano viSaya che.

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guNavaMta baravALiyA zrI anuttaropapAtikadazAMga sUtra AgamanA anuttara vimAnamAM utpanna thanAra mahAtmAonuM jIvana ApaNA adhyAtma jIvanane navI dizA Ape che. bhagavAna mahAvIranI upadezadhArAmAM navamA AgamamAM deha pratyenuM mahattva ghaTADatA tapasAdhako jevA ke dhannA aNagAranI sAdhanAnuM varNana che. A sUtramAM kahyuM che ke manuSya mAtra khorAkathI ja jIvI zake evuM nathI, prakAza ane havAthI paNa jIvI zakAya che. sUryaprakAzathI paNa jIvI zakAya tevA dAkhalA che. roja eka cokhAno dANo laIne paNa lAMbo samaya jIvI zakAya tevAM udAharaNa che. zarIravijJAnanA saMzodhanano A viSaya che. maMtranA upayoga ane lablidizA darzana karAvanAra zrI praznavyAkaraNa sUtramAMnAM pAMca mahApAponuM varNana vAMcatAM pApathI pAchA pharavAno pAvana avasara prApta thAya che. satya, ahiMsA Adi guNo dvArA vidheyAtmaka zaktinI prApti kaI rIte karavI tenuM varNana A, sUtramAM che. aneka prakAranI siddhio, vidyAo, labdhio ane UrjAone kaI rIte prApta karavI te batAvela che. prAcIna kALamAM A AgamamAM aneka vidyAonAM maMtro tathA yaMtronI vAta hatI, paraMtu e vidyAonAM maMtro ke yaMtrono durupayoga na thAya, koI kupAtra teno akalyANa mATe upayoga na kare te AzayathI A sUtranI prAcIna vidyAne gurue saMgopI dIdhI che. Ama adhikArI ziSyane jJAnano paricaya na karAvavAnI jaina paddhati vizeSa vaMdanIya che ane A ja kAraNe AcAryae A Agamano viSaya badalI nAMkhyo che. zrI vipAka sUtra AgamamAM ajJAna dazAmAM bAMdhelAM karmonAM bhayaMkara phaLa pApakarmothI dUra rahevAno mArga batAve che. duSkRtyathI duHkhavipAka thAya che ane sukRtathI sukhavipAka. A jANI ApaNI vRttio sukRta tarapha prayANa karaze. jIvanazailImAM pApathI bacavuM che, satkarmothI jIvanane vibhUSita karavuM che tevA prakAranI vicArasaraNI dharAvatA sAdhako mATe vipAka sUtranuM mArgadarzana atyaMtapaNe upakAraka che. AgamamAM aMga sUtronA vargIkaraNa uparAMta 12 upAMga sUtronuM paNa vargIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che, je upAMgo aMgonA svarUpane vistAra che. zrI uvavAI sUtramAM bhagavAnanA guNavaibhava - gaNadhara zramaNonI saMyamasAdhanAnuM digdarzana che. bhagavAnanuM nagaramAM Agamana thatAM rAjA AnaMda-ullAsa ane bhaktibhAvathI devAdhidevanAM darzane jAya che te varNana vAMcatAM saMto pAse javAnI, vaMdana karavAnI viziSTa vidhi karavAno bodha thAya che. ApaNAM karmo ja ApaNI sadgati ke durgatinuM kAraNa che. kayA prakAranAM karmothI kayA sthAnamAM jIva utpatti pAme tenuM varNana karela che. tamAruM karma ja tamArI gatinuM kAraNa bane che, tevA dRSTibiMduthI bhagavAna mahAvIre Izvara kartAhartA nathI, paraMtu karmo ja ApaNA bhAgyavidhAtA bane che. tevI viziSTa dRSTi A AgamamAM pragaTa karela che.

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jenaAgamanAM AkarSaka to 91 zrI rAyapAseNI sUtra vAMcatAM guruno samAgama thatAM pradeza rAjAnA jIvanaparivartananuM varNana vAMcI game tevA pApI jIva paNa adhyAtmanI UMcI dazA sudhI pahoMcI zake che tenI pratIti thAya che. saMta samAgama vyakti para kevo mahAna upakAra kare che ane tene devalokanAM sukho apAvI zake ane parama padane paNa prApta karAvI zake che te preraNAdAyI hakIkatanuM Alekhana che. potAnI rAiTa AiDenTiTI jANavA icchuka sAdhako mATe rAyaparoNI sUtra upakAraka banI raheze. zrI jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra vAMcatAM jIva-ajIvanA jJAna dvArA ahiMsA ane jayaNA dharma pALI zakAya che. bhagavAna mahAvIre jagatajIvonI vividha prakAranI vRttio, rucio ane alaga alaga prakRtine dhyAnamAM rAkhIne jJAnabhAvonuM varNana A sUtramAM karyuM che. A sUtra jIvavijJAnano eka UMDANabharelo dastAveja che. je sAdhakone jIvavijJAna vize jANavAnI jijJAsA hoya temaNe A sUtra avazya vAMcavuM. zrI pannAvaNA sUtramAM jaina tattvajJAnanI samajaNa ApavAmAM AvI che. A sUtra padArthavijJAna, zarIravijJAna ane caitasika zaktiono khajAno che. cha vezyA ane orA paramANunI gatinuM varNana, yoga vagerenuM Alekhana, jJAnanA gahana bhaMDAra samuM A sUtra 'laghu bhagavatI' tarIke oLakhAya che. zrI jaMbUDhIpa prajJapti sUtramAM tIrthakara ane cakravartI jevA uttama puruSonA jIvanavyavahAranA paricaya dvArA AtmautthAnanI prakriyAne vega maLe che. ' A sUtramAM pRthvI ane pRthvImAM rahela alaga alaga deza, tenI bhaugolika racanA vagerenuM varNana jaMbudvIpa prajJaptimAM batAvela che. ApaNe je kSetramAM rahIe chIe te kSetrane jaMbUdIpa kahevAya. meruparvata, vano ane samudronuM paNa varNana che. A sUtramAM bhUgoLa, khagoLa ane itihAsanuM saMyojana A Agama jyotiSaviSayaka khajAno che. dareka graho, nakSatro ane tArAnuM varNana che. caMdra ane sUryanA adhiSThAyaka devo kevA prakAranI gati karAve che tenuM varNana che. A Agama vAMcavAnI anujJA dareka sAdhakane maLatI nathI. guru, pAtra ziSyane ja AjJA Ape che. zrI caMdraprajJapti sUtra ane zrI sUryaprajJapti sUtra dvArA jaina khagoLanA jJAnathI A vizALa loka ane prakAza kSetranuM varNana vAMcatAM ApaNI laghutAnuM jJAna thatAM ahaMkAra ogaLI jaze. zrI nirayAvalikAnAM pAMca upAMga sUtro zreNika rAjA, bahuputrikAdevI, lakSmIdevI, baLadeva vagere bAvana AtmAonA pUrva paccAd bhavanA kathana dvArA karmasiddhAMta tathA saMsAranA RNAnubaMdha saMbaMdhanI vicitratAno bodha thAya che. bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM rAjAo kevA prakAranA hatA, rAjazailI kevA prakAranI hatI, bharapUra bhoga sUtro vacce paNa A rAjAo bhagavAnanA saMparkamAM AvIne pUrNapaNe yogIpuruSanI

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guNavaMta baravALiyA dazAmAM kevI rIte AvatA hatA tenuM varNana A nirayAvalikA sUtramAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. ' A sUtramAM ApaNI icchAo ApaNA mATe kevI rIte duHkhakAraka bane che te bahuputrikAnI vArtA dvArA maLe che. bhagavAna mahAvIranAM A pAMca Agamo uttamapaNe ApaNI AMtarika manovRttionAM darzana karAve che. jemane mAnavIya sAikolojI jANavAmAM rasa che temane mATe A pAMca AgamamAMthI atyaMta upayogI dRSTibiMdu prApta thatAM hoya che. A pAMca AgamamAM mananI aDagatA, sthiratA ane mananI caMcalatA, mananI vicitratA - A badhI ja dazAonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. kevA prakAranI mAnasikatAmAM vyakti duHkhI thAya che, sukha-duHkhanA kAraNamAM mana kevo bhAga bhajave che tenuM vizeSa varNana A nirayAvalikA sUtramAM Ave che. jemane manovijJAnanA viSayamAM UMDANapUrvakanuM jJAna meLavavuM hoya temane mATe A pAMca Agamo kathA rUpe ane sAhitya rUpe manovijJAnanA dRSTibiMdune ujAgara kare che. Ama A pAMca Agamo manovijJAnane jANavA utsuka sAdhako mATe upakAraka banI rahe che. zrI uttarAdhyayana sUtra bhagavAnanI aMtima dezanA rUpe samasta jaina samAjamAM zraddhAnuM sthAna dharAve che. 36 adhyayanamAM prabhunA aMtima upadezamAM jaina dharmanA mukhyatama viSayono prAyaH samAveza thayo che jenuM ciMtana ane AcaraNa AtmAnuM Urdhvagamana karAvI zake. A sUtranA 29mA adhyayanamAM samyaku parAkramanA 73 bola dvArA sAdhaka dazAmAM utkRSTa sAdhanA kaI rIte pragaTa karI ane mokSamArgamAM kaI rIte AgaLa vadhavuM teno nirdeza che. ahIM aneka prakAranI kathAsAhityanuM varNana che. gerasamajathI koI sAdhaka dharmavimukha bane tyAre bhagavAnanA sAdhakonuM AcaraNa ja tenI gerasamaja dUra karI dharmamAM sthira kare che tenuM vizeSa varNana che. zrI zayyabhavAcArya dvArA potAnA putra bAlamuni zrI manakane lakSamAM rAkhI prathama mULa sUtra zrI dazavaikAlika sUtranI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. parama dArzanika pU. jayaMtamuni lakhe che ke "dazavaikAlika jaina Agamano sAra saravALo che. A eka zAstranA avagAhanathI hajAro zAstronuM avagAhana thaI jAya che." A sUtra muktidhAmanI mahAyAtrA che. sAdhujIvananA samagra vyavahArane samajAvato A Agama graMtha sAdhujIvananI bALapothI che. sAdhujIvanamAM tyAganuM mahattva ane guru-ziSyanA saMbaMdha ane vinayanI vAta kahI che. sAdhujIvanamAM upayogI hitazikSAo ane be cUlikAmAM bhAvathI patita thayelA sAdhakane saMyamabhAvamAM sthira thavA mATe prere che. zrI naMdI sUtramAM pU. devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNe A AgamamAM pAMca jJAnanuM varNana karyuM che. avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna ane kevaLajJAna e traNa pratyakSa jJAna che. matijJAna ane zrutajJAna parokSajJAna che. A pAMca jJAna grahaNa karavAnI vidhine pradarzita karatuM zrI naMdIsUtra zrutasAdhakanA Atmika AnaMdanuM kAraNa banI jAya che. A sUtramAM saMgha ane saMghanI vyavasthAnuM varNana che. bhagavAna mahAvIranI pATa paraMparAnA

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jenaAgamanAM AkarSaka tattvo 93 sAdhakonuM varNana che. buddhi ane buddhinI kSamatAnA prakAranuM varNana che. smaraNazakti vadhAravAnI ane saphaLatAnA upAyonI vAta A sUtramAM karI che. nava pUrvadhara AcArya zrI AryarakSita munie zrI anuyogadvAra sUtranI racanA dvArA sarva Agamone samajavAnI ApaNane mAsTara kI ApI che. kaThina viSayone sahaja rIte samajavAnI cAvI A AgamamAMthI maLe. koI paNa zabdonA aneka artha hoI zake. DikSanarI (zabdakoza) banAvavAnI kaLA, eka zabdanA aneka artha kaI rIte pragaTa karavA te samajAvyuM che. A sUtramAM eka ja Avazyaka sUtra para aneka rahasya sabhara dRSTibiMdu Apela che. mananI apAra zaktinA upayoga dvArA vyakti kaI rIte vikAsa karI zake tenuM vizada varNana che. zrI nizItha sUtramAM pApasevana ke vratabhaMganA prAyazcittano nirdeza karI AtmAne pAvana karavAnI prakriyA batAvI che. A cheda sUtra niyamo ane pratijJAonA AtmaguNonI vRddhi karAve che. paristhitivaza A niyamo ke pratijJAono bhaMga thato hoya tyAre teno upAya darzAve tene cheda sUtro kahe che. nizItha eTale rAtri. rAtrino aMdhakAra e aneka doSanuM kAraNa che ane sUryano prakAza aneka doSonuM nivAraNa che. A sUtramAM sAdhujIvanamAM kevA doSo lAgI zake ne tenuM nivAraNa kaI rIte karavuM te batAvela che. A sUtramAM pastAvo, prAyazcitta ane vizuddhIkaraNanA upAyo batAvyA che. zrI dazAzrutaskaMdha sUtramAM mahAmohanIya karmabaMdhanAM sthAno ane navanidhAnanuM kathana sAdhakane doSasevanathI dUra rAkhe che. A sUtramAM zramaNajIvananI maryAdAo ane AcArazuddhinuM varNana hovAthI mAtra ucca kakSAnA sAdhakone gurujano AjJA Ape to ja A Agama vAMcI zakAya che. - ' zrI bRhad kalpasUtra AcAramaryAdA, vidhiniSedharUpa niyamonuM kathana sAdhujIvananI nirmaLatA mATe atyaMta upayogI che. A sUtramAM sAdhujIvananI vyavasthAonuM ja varNana hovAthI janasAmAnya sAdhako mATe vAMcanayogya nathI; paraMtu ucca kakSAnA jJAnasAdhako mATe aneka prakAranI manovaijJAnika sthitimAMthI kaI rIte pasAra thavuM tenuM varNana che. sarpadaMzanuM jhera utAravAnA maMtroccAra, pANImAM paga mUkIne ke nAvamAM besIne vikaTa samaye nadI kaI rIte pAra karavI tenuM nirUpaNa karela che. Ama vartamAnamAM je paraMparAo pracalita nathI, paraMtu bhagavAnanA samayamAM je pracalita hatI tenuM varNana bRhad kalpasUtramAM che. zrI vyavahAra sUtramAM AgamavyavahAra, zrutavyavahAra, jJAnavyavahAra, dhAraNAvyavahAra ane jitavyavahAra saMyamI jIvanane nirmaLa banAve che. " bhagavAne potAnA be sAdhakonI vacce e be bhegA maLe tyAre, be zrAvako ke be AcAryo bhegA maLe tyAre, guru-ziSya maLe to be maLavA para ekabIjAe kevo vyavahAra karavo tenuM varNana A sUtramAM

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94 guNavaMta baravALiyA che jenA dvArA sAmudAyika sumeLatAnuM sarjana thAya che. A sUtra sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvako ane parivAra vacce saMvAdanuM sarjana karAvatuM zAstra che. sAdhakone sAdhanAnI vizuddhi mATe avazya karavAyogya anuSThAnonuM nirUpaNa karatuM Agama te zrI Avazyaka sUtra che. vyavahAramAM ApaNe tene pratikramaNa sUtra kahIe chIe. Atmavizuddhi karavA mATe je kriyA avazya karavAnI che tene Avazyaka kahyuM che. Avazyakane jJAnIoe jIvanazuddhi, saMyama-vizuddhinI kriyA kahI sAdhanAno prANa kahela che. samabhAvanI sAdhanA e sAmAyika che. tIrthaMkaronI stuti cauvisatthothI zraddhA baLavAna bane che. vaMdanA dvArA sAdhakano bhaktibhAva pragaTa thAya che. pratikramaNa e pApathI pAchA pharavAnI prakriyA che. aMtarmukha thaI AtmabhAvamAM sthira thavA mATe kAusagga ane bhaviSyanAM karmonA nirodha mATe paccakkhANa ema A cha AvazyakanI ArAdhanA sAdhakanA AtmavizuddhinA lakSane saphaLa banAvavAmAM sahAyaka bane che. pratikramaNa sAdhaka ane zrAvaka banne mATe dararoja karavAyogya evI prakriyA che jenAthI AtmAnI zuddhi ane vizuddhi varte che. karmo je da22oja baMdhAtAM hoya te nighdhata baMdhAya che ane nikAcita kakSAnA thatAM aTakI jAya che. tenI prakriyA paNa A ja pratikramaNa sUtramAM batAvelI che. je karmane avazya bhogavyA vinA kSaya karI zakAya te nita. dararojanA pApanuM jyAre pratikramaNa ka2vAmAM Ave che tyAre pApanI kakSA nidhata banI jAya che, paraMtu jyAre pratikramaNa ka2vAmAM nathI AvatuM tyAre te karmo nikAcita banI jAya tenuM varNana A sUtramAM che. sAdhako ane zrAvako nitya pratikramaNa kare to te paramapada sudhI pahoMcI zake che. agiyAra aMga sUtro, bAra upAMga sUtro, cAra mULa, cAra cheda ane eka Avazyaka sUtra ema batrIsa Agamo AtmasudhAraNA mATe sAdhakane kaI rIte upayogI che tenI vicAraNA ApaNe karI. sthAnakavAsI ane terApaMtha saMpradAyamAM batrIsa Agama sUtrono svIkAra thayo che. zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka ArAdhakonI mAnyatA pramANe dasa payannA sUtra - prakIrNaka sahita bIjA tera Agama graMthone svIkAryA che. tIrthaMkara deve arthathI jaNAvela zrutane anusarIne prajJAvAna munivaro jenI racanA kare tene prakIrNaka ke payannA kahe che. catuHzaraNa prakIrNakamAM 34 atiSayothI vibhUSita arihaMtono paricaya ane cAra zaraNa svIkAranI vAta sAthe duSkRtya garhA ne sukRta anumodanAnI vAta kahI che. mahApratyAkhyAnamAM pApa karavuM e duSkara nathI, paraMtu karelAM pAponI nirmaLa bhAve AlocanA karavI e duSkara che kahI AlocanA vidhi kahI che. bhaktapratijJA pratyAkhyAnamAM bhakta eTale AhAra ane pratijJA eTale pratyAkhyAna - jIvananA aMta samaye AhA2tyAganAM paccakkhANa kaI rIte levAM te vidhi batAvI che. A AgamomAM bALa paMDitamaraNa ane paMDitamaraNanI vicAraNA che. pratyAkhyAnanuM varNana, anazana mATenI yogyatA ane pUrvataiyArI, saMthArAnuM varNana, vairAgya bhAvane dRDha karatI vAto, gacchAcAramAM sAdhu-sAdhvInI maryAdA, jyotiSa ane devendronuM varNana, maraNa-samAdhi prakIrNakamAM maraNa sudhAravA mATenI Adarza paddhatio AtmasudhAraNA mATe upayogI che.

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jaina AgamanAM AkarSaka tattvo 95 jitakalpasUtra (paMcakalpabhASya) - 103 gAthAonA A AgamamAM, sAdhujIvanamAM lAgelA aticAro, anAcAronA dasa ane ogaNIsa prakAranAM prAyazcittonuM varNana karyuM che. A gaMbhIra graMtha che. gItArtha bhagavaMto ja A graMthanA adhikArI gaNAya che. pAMca prakAranA vyavahArathI jainazAsana cAle che. (1) Agama, (2) zrata, (3) AjJA, (4) dhAraNA ane (5) jita vyavahAra. A pratyekanI vigatapUrNa samajaNa A AgamamAM ApavAmAM AvI che. uparAMta, AcAryanI ATha saMpadAnuM varNana, vidyA ane maMtra vacceno taphAvata vagerenI carcA paNa prApta thAya che. mahAnizItha sUtra. mahA-madhya. A sUtra madhyarAtrie ja ziSyane ApI zakAya. A AgamanA 8 vibhAga che, jemAM prathama vibhAgamAM ka adhyayana che ane bAkInA be cUlikAo che. vizALa Agama che. 4548 zlokapramANa graMtha che. A Agama saMyamI jIvananI vizuddhi para khUba ja bhAra mUke che. saraLatA, AcArazuddhi, bhUlo sudhAravAnI tatparatA, vairAgyabhAva temaja AjJAdhInatA vagere varNana che. oghaniryukti (mULasUtra). mUrtipUjA saMpradAya paNa 4 mULasUtro gaNAve che. paraMtu 4thA sUtra tarIke oghaniryukti sUtranI gaNanA karI che. A sUtra sthAnakavAsI temaja terApaMthI saMpradAyane mAnya nathI. A Agama, pUjya AcArya zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIe "pratyAkhyAna pravAda' nAmanA navamA pUrvamAMthI saMkalita karyuM che. - ogha saMkSepathI sAdhunA jIvanane lagatI tamAma nAnImoTI bAbatanuM varNana, Adarza zramaNacarcArUpa varNana A graMthamAM che. A AgamamAM mukhyatve paDilehaNa, piMDa, upadhinuM varNana, anAyatanano tyAga, pratisevanA, AlocanA ane vizuddhinuM varNana che. sAdhu-sAdhvInI samAcArInuM varNana che. saMyama jIvananA prANasvarUpa, caraNasittarI ane tene sahAya evI karaNasittarInuM varNana che. caraNakaraNAnuyoganuM A sUtra che. sAdhu potAnA AcAramAM sthira rahe ane jayaNAnuM khAsa pAlana kare te hakIkata sacoTa rIte darzAvI che. bImAra sAdhunI sevA mATe vaidane bolavAnI vidhi ane zrAvaka pAsethI auSadha meLavavAnI vidhi paNa varNavI che. comAsAmAM vihAra karavAthI lAgatA doSonuM varNana che. AhAra levAnAM ane na levAnAM cha kAraNo darzAvyAM che. zayA, upadhi, paDilehaNa pAtro keTalAM rAkhavAM vagere darzAvyuM che. sAdhujI 45 Agama vAMcI zake jyAre zrAvako gurumukhethI 39 Agama sAMbhaLI zake tevI paraMparA jinazAsananA samagra baMdhAraNano pAyo A Agama graMtho che. jemAMthI guruAjJA dvArA yatkiMcit AcaraNa karavAthI paramapadanA mArganI prApti sahaja bane che. kSaNe kSaNe jAgrata rahI AtmasudhAraNA karavAnI zIkha uttarAdhyayana sUtra (4/9)mAM ApI che. sUtelI vyaktinI vacce paNa prajJAsaMpanna paMDita jAgrata rahe che. pramAdamAM e vizvAsa karato nathI.

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96 guNavaMta baravALiyA kALa ghaNo nirdaya che. zarIra durbaLa che. bhAkhaMDa paMkhInI mAphaka sAvadhAnIthI vicaravuM joIe. ' vizvanA tamAma viSayo eka yA bIjI rIte AgamamAM saMgopyA che. vyakti, kuTuMba ke vizvanI eka samasyAnuM samAdhAna AgamamAMthI maLe che. AgamamAM lakhAyela sUktio, gAthAo zuSka ke tarkavAdI nathI, paraMtu jemanuM jIvana eka prayogazALA hatuM tevA paramavaijJAnika prabhu mahAvIranI anubhUtinI eraNa para ghaDAyela paramasatyanI saphaLa abhivyakti che. A AgamavANInA janaka mAtra vicAraka ke ciMtaka ja nahi, paraMtu utkRSTa sAdhaka hatA. vratone mAtra ciMtananI bhUmikA sudhI sImita na rAkhatAM, cAritraAcAramAM parAvartita thaIne AvelA A vicAro zAstra banI gayA je jIvane ziva banAvI paramapadane prApta karavA sakSama che. saddagurunI AjJA laI A AgamasUtrono svAdhyAya karavAmAM Ave. jJAnI gurubhagavaMtonA samAgamamAM teno zAstrArtha samajavAmAM Ave ane tenuM nijI jIvanamAM AcaraNamAM avataraNa thAya to avazya ApaNane muktipaMtha maLe. jinAgamamAM sUtrasiddhAMtamAM vicAra, vANI ane vartananI vRtti-pravRtti ane nivRttinI bhAvanA ane kartavyano adbhuta samanvaya jovA maLe che. A kALe ane kSetre bhItaranI saMpadAnI ekavIsa hajAra varSa sudhIno mAlikIhakka Apato A AtmasudhAraNAno amUlya dastAveja che. - puSparAvarta meghanI-varSAnI asarathI varSA na Ave to paNa keTalAMka varSa phaLo ane pAka AvyAM kare, paraMtu bhagavAna mahAvIranI vANI upadezadhArA rUpa A pAvana meghavarSAnI asara A ArAnI samApti eTale ke ekavIza hajAra varSa sudhI rahenAra che. gurukRpAe te pAvana vANIne jhIlavAnuM ApaNane parama saubhAgya prApta thayuM che.

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AcArya mahAprajJanI sAhityasRSTi vIsamI sadInA mahAna sAhityakAra adhyAtmayogI AcArya mahApranne traNaso jeTalA graMthonuM zrata sarjana karyuM hatuM. emanA sAhityamAM viSayonI vividhatA ane maulikatA che. eka vizALa jaina saMpradAyanA AcArya hovA chatAM emanuM gahana ciMtana vizALa phalakane sparza karatuM hatuM. lagabhaga vIsa varSanI vayathI sAhityasarjananI thayelI zrutasAdhanA nirAbAdhapaNe nevuM varSa sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. "AtmA mAro Izvara che, tyAga mArI prArthanA che, maitrI mArI bhakti che, saMyama mArI zakti che ane ahiMsA mAro dharma che." - A zabdomAM emaNe potAnA bhAvAtmaka vyaktitvano paricaya Apyo che. dharmano AdhAra jIvana che ane darzanano AdhAra sAhitya che. sAMprata sthitimAM jIvanagata, Atmagata, vyaktigata ane samUhagata tathyone sAhityanA mAdhyamathI abhivyakta karI zakAya che. e uktine emaNe emanA sarjana dvArA caritArtha karI che. emanuM vipula sAhitya emanI RtaMbharA prajJAne prakAzita kare che. saMkSipta jIvanajharamara : Tamakora (rAjasthAna)mAM sana 1920mAM emano janma thayelo. mULa nAma hatuM nathamala. agiyAra varSanI vaye (1931) zrI jaina zve. terApaMtha saMghanA aSTamAcArya zrI kAlugaNi pAse dIkSita thaI muni tulasI (AcArya zrI tulasI) pAse jaina dharma, darzana, bhASAo, vyAkaraNa, itihAsa, nyAya, AdinuM talasparzI adhyayana karyuM. zALA ke kolejanA abhyAsathI vaMcita rahelA muni nathamalamAM eka anokhI prajJA jAgrata thaI ane emaNe jainAgamanI sAthe sAthe vijJAna, rAjanIti, arthazAstra, ArogyazAstra, vizvanAM mukhya darzano, razmi jhaverI

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98 razmi jhaverI anekAMtavAda, dhyAna, yoga Adi viSayo para gahana adhyayana karyuM ane potAnI prajJAthI mUlyAMkana karyuM. emanI AMtardaSTi ane prajJAnuM mUlyAMkana karI AcArya tulasIe emane 1960mAM "mahAprajJa' nAmathI alaMkRta karyA hatA ane muni nathamala "mahAprajJa' banI gayA. 1979mAM emane yuvAcAryapada para pratiSThita karavAmAM AvyA. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa' racita seMkaDo pustakonuM gujarAtImAM prakAzana thayeluM che. 1994mAM eka ajaba ghaTanAmAM AcArya tulasIe potAnA AcAryapadano tyAga karI. yuvAcAryane AcArya mahAprajJa banAvyA. 13 varSanI vaye terApaMtha saMghanA AcArya thayA bAda paNa emanI zrutasAdhanA avirata cAlatI rahI hatI je 2010mAM emanA mahAprayANa sAthe virAma pAmI. Agama saMzodhana, anuvAda ane saMpAdana : AcArya mahAprajJanI sAhityasRSTimAM sauthI adhika mahattvanuM pradAna che - jainAgamonuM saMzodhana, anuvAda ane taTastha saMpAdana. A bhagIratha kAryamAM emanA preraNAmUrti ane vAcanApramukha hatA AcArya tulasI. guru-ziSyanI A virala joDIe A avismaraNIya zrutasevA karI che. "Agama saMpAdana kI samasyAmAM emaNe A gurutama kAryanI vikaTatama samasyAonuM varNana karyuM che. A mahAna kAryanI saphaLatAno zreya teo A cAreyane ApatA hatA - "hema vyAkaraNanuM AThamuM adhyayana, dhAtupAThanuM sudaDha jJAna, saMskRta vyAkaraNa para adhikAra ane darzananuM gahana adhyayana. mULa pATha, saMskRta chAyA, hiMdI anuvAda, vyAkhyAtmaka TippaNa ane sugama pariziSTo sAthe aneka Agamo para emaNe pAMDityapUrNa zrutasevA karI che. "aMgasuttANi" bhAga 1, 2, 3 tathA 'uvaMgasuttANi' bhAga 1-2 ane "navasarANi' ATalAM mULa AgamAM prakAzita thayAM che, je jainadarzananA abhyAsI mATe prAmANika AdhAragraMtho che. emaNe Agama zrutasevA karI - bhagavatI sUtranA cAra khaMDa (sabhASya), uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, anuyogadvAra, nandI, sUyagaDo, samavAo, ThANa, jJAtAdharmakathA Adi. "AcAraMga bhASyam' nAmanA saMskRta graMthe emane mahAna bhASyakAranI koTimAM mUkI dIdhA. guru-sAhityaH guru-ziSya paraMparA bhAratIya saMskRtinA jIvaMta hastAkSara che. guru tulasI ane ziSya mahAprajJanA virala saMbaMdha vize paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA lakhe che ke, "1500 varSanA itihAsamAM zodhavo paDe evo emano saMbaMdha hato." AcArya mahApranne potAnA gurunA jIvana ane kavana para aneka pustakonuM sarjana karyuM hatuM; jema ke (1) dharmacakra kA pravartana, (2) maiM aura mere guru, (3) AcArya tulasI aura unake vicAra, (4) AcAryazrI tulasI : jIvana aura darzana, (5) AcAryazrI tulasI (jIvana para eka dRSTi), (6) AcAryazrI tulasI (jIvanagAthA), (7) krAMti ke purAdhA AcArya tulasI, (8) kSamA kare gurudeva !, (9) tulasI maMjarI, (10) tulasI yazovilAsa, (11) tulasI vicAradarzana.

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AcArya mahAprajJanI sAhityasRSTi A uparAMta terApaMtha saMpradAyanA prathama AcArya bhikSusvAmInA jIvana ane darzana para paNa aneka pustakonuM sarjana karyuM hatuM, jema ke (1) AcArya bhikSu : jIvanadarzana, (2) bhikSu vicAradarzana, (3) bhikSu gAthA, (4) bhikSu gItA, (5) krAMtadarza AcArya bhikSu, (9) siMhapuruSa AcArya bhikSu jaina dharma ane jainadarzanaH jaina dharmano mULa srota che - jaina Agama sAhitya. AcArya mahApranne zvetAMbara tathA digaMbara Agamono gahana abhyAsa karyo hato. teozrI jaina dharmanA marmajJa hatA. A uparAMta vidvAna AcAryo racita darzanazrutanuM sAMgopAMga pArAyaNa karyuM hatuM. A gahana jJAna sAthe potAnI prajJA dvArA emaNe jaina dharma ane darzana para lagabhaga cAlIsa jeTalA graMthonI racanA karI hatI. karmavAda', "eso paMcaNamakkAro', "jIva-ajIva', "jaina tattva', "dhyAna', "kAyotsarga', "anekAMta', "saMskRti', "samyagu darzana', nyAya', "yoga', "dharma-bodha', "dharma-prajJapti' Adi zratanuM sarjana karyuM hatuM. vizeSamAM "jainadarzana : manana aura mImAMsA' A eka vizALa graMtha jaina dharmanA vidyArthI mATe anivArya pAThya-pustaka che. te sivAya "jainadarzana aura saMskRti', "mUlasUtra', "maulika tattva', "jainadarzana meM AcAramImAMsA', "tattvamImAMsA', "pramANamImAMsA Adi ullekhanIya che. "dharma mujhe kyA degA?'mAM dharmanI sAcI samajaNa ApavAmAM AvI che. Adhunika samasyAonA samAdhAna mATe ikkIsavI zatAbdI aura jaina dharma' ane "unnIsavIM sadI kA nayA AviSkAra' paThanIya che. bhaktAmara : antaHstalakA sparza'mAM bhaktAmara stotranI pratyeka gAthA para maulika vyAkhyAo karI che. jaina dharmanA maMtro para "maMtra : eka samAdhAna'mAM jaina maMtronAM rahasyonuM udghATana karyuM che. emaNe jainadarzana ane vizvanAM anya jANItA darzana sAthe sUkSma samIkSAtmaka rUpe lagabhaga pacAseka jeTalA graMthonI racanA karI che; jema ke "anubhava, ciMtana, manana", "anekAMta hai, tIsarA netra', "apanA darpaNa : apanA biMba', "apane ghara meM' "abhaya kI khoja', "kyo AtA hai krodha ?', gAgara meM sAgara', "cAMdanI bhItara kI', "taTa do - pravAha eka', "tumhArA bhAgya - tumhAre hAtha', "meM huM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA", "dayA-dAna, "nayavAda', "nAsti kA astitva', "bhAva aura anubhAva", "bheda meM chIpA abheda', "meM kucha honA cAhatA huM', "sAdhanA aura siddhi', "sukha kA zrota kahAM ?' Adi. AdhyAtmika sAhitya : AcArya mahAprajJa AdhyAtmika yogI hatA. emanA zrutanuM Adi biMdu AtmA, madhyabiMdu AtmA ane aMtima biMdu paNa AtmA hatuM. emaNe vipula AdhyAtmika sAhityanuM sarjana karyuM hatuM; jema ke (1) adhyAtma kA prathama sopAna - sAmAyika, (2) adhyAtma ke rahasya, (3) adhyAtma kI varNamAlA, (4) adhyAtma kI pagadaMDiyAM, (5) adhyAtma vidyA, (9) adhdhANaM zaraNaM gacchAmi, (7) aham, (8) astitva kA bodha, (9) AtmA kA darzana, (10) cetanA kA UdhvarohaNa, (11) tuma

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100 razmi jhaverI anaMta zakti ke zrota ho, (12) samayasAra : nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI yAtrA, (13) samasyA kA paththara, adhyAtma kI jainI, (14) saMbodhi. bhagavAna mahAvIra H potAnA hRdayastha birAjatA bhagavAna mahAvIranAM jIvana, kavana tathA upadeza para emaNe svaprajJAthI ati gahana abhyAsa karyo hato. ane eTale ja mAtra bhagavAnanI bhakti rUpe ja nahIM, paNa mahAvIranA samagra upadezane potAnI AgavI zailImAM mUlavavAno emaNe prayAsa karyo hato. potAnA ArAdhya deva upara emaNe lagabhaga daseka pustakonuM sarjana karyuM hatuM. pratyeka pustakamAM mahAvIranA AdhyAtmika, dArzanika ane sAMprata viSayo paranA vividha siddhAMtonI chaNAvaTa emaNe karI che. 1. puruSottama mahAvIra, 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra, 3. mahAvIra jIvanadarzana, 4. mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, 5. mahAvIra kA punarjanma, 3. mahAvIra kA svAththazAstra, 7. mahAvIra kyA the ?, 8. mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya, 9. zramaNa mahAvIra. vaizvika samasyAo, naitikatA, zikSaNa ane svastha samAjaracanAH emanA ciMtananuM phalaka ati vizALa hatuM. dharma ane darzana sivAya vizvanI, samAjanI, zikSaNanI Adi jAgatika samasyAo upara paNa emanuM zrutasarjana vizALa che. aNuvrata AMdolananA pravartaka ane emanA guru AcArya tulasInA mArgadarzana nIce emaNe aNuvrata vize aneka pustakonuM sarjana karyuM hatuM; jema ke (1) aNuvrata AMdolana aura bhAvi kI rekhAeM, (2) aNuvrata kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, (3) aNuvrata darzana, (4) aNuvrata vizArada, (5) rASTrIya, AntarrASTrIya samasyAoM aura aNuvrata. (6) "zikSA jagata ke liye jarUrI hai nayA ciMtana' pustakanA sarjana pachI vidyArthIone naitikatAnA pATha sAthe svastha zikSaNa maLe e mATe "jIvana-vijJAna' AMdolana heThaLa pAThyapustakonI preraNA ApI hatI tathA anya aneka pustakonuM sarjana karyuM hatuM. (7) naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, (8) naitika pAThamAlA, (9) bhautika pragati aura naitikatA, (10) lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, (11) zikSA jagata ke liye jarUrI hai nayA ciMtana, (12) samAja aura hama, (13) samAjavyavasthA ke sUtra, (14) hama svataMtra hai yA parataMtra ? citta ane mana : mahAprajJajI eka prabuddha manovaijJAnika hatA. jainadarzana ane Adhunika manovijJAna AdhArita emaNe tera jeTalAM mahAna ciMtanAtmaka pustakonI racanA karI hatI; jema ke (1) avacetana mana se saMparka, (2) kisane kahA mana caMcala hai ?, (3) kese lagAe mUDa para aMkuza, (4) kaise soceM ? (vicAravuM kema ?), (5) citta aura mana, (9) cintana kA parimala, (7) mana kA kAyAkalpa, () mana ke jIte jIta, (9) manana aura mUlyAMkana, (10) mastiSka prazikSaNa, (11) meM : merA mana merI zAMti, (12) saMbhava hai samAdhAna, (13) samaya prabaMdhana. ahiMsA para vizada vivecanAtmaka sAhitya : ahiMsA jaina dharmano prANa che. AvA gahana viSayanuM emaNe sAMgopAMga UMDuM adhyayana karyuM.

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AcArya mahAprazanI sAhityasRSTi 101 terApaMtha saMghanA prathama AcArya bhikSu svAmInA krAMtikArI vicArothI teo atyaMta prabhAvita hatA. "moTA jIvonI rakSA mATe nAnA jIvonI hiMsA kadI paNa ahiMsA na thaI zake. zuddha sAdhya mATe zuddha sAdhana paNa Avazyaka che." AcArya bhikSunA A vicArothI teo AMdolita thayA. sAmAjika zoSaNa ane asamartha loko para thatI krUratAthI emanAmAM vizeSa saMvedanA jAgI. emaNe A viSayo para mahAtmA gAMdhInA vicAronuM paNa vAMcana karyuM. emaNe jIvanamAM sudIrgha ahiMsA yAtrAo karI hatI ane ahiMsA prazikSaNa paNa ApyuM hatuM. ahiMsA para emanuM zrata sarjana - (1) astitva aura ahiMsA, (2) ahiMsA uvAca, (3) ahiMsA aura aNuvrata * siddhAnta aura prayoga (4) ahiMsA samavAya : eka paricaya, (5) ahiMsA prazikSaNa : siddhAnta aura itihAsa, hRdaya parivartana, ahiMsaka jIvanazailI, samyaka AjIvikA eve AjIvikA prazikSaNa, (6) ahiMsA aura usake vicAraka, (7) ahiMsA aura zAMti, (8) ahiMsA kI sahI samaja, (9) ahiMsA ke achUte pahalu, (10) ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM, (11) ahiMsA tattvadarzana (12) ahiMsA : vyakti aura samAja, (13) yAtrA ahiMsA kI : khoja hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI, (14) yugIna samasyA aura ahiMsA, (15) vizvazAMti aura ahiMsA. dArzanika sAhitya: AcAryazrI mahAprajJa eka mahAna dArzanika saMta hatA. darzana jevA mahAna viSayane emaNe AtmasAt karI cAlIsa jeTalAM uttama pustakonuM sarjana karyuM hatuM, jema ke ' (1) atIta kA vasaMta, vartamAna kI saurabha, (2) atIta ko paDho, bhaviSya ko dekho, (3) atulA tulA, (4) anubhava kA utpala, (5) anubhava, ciMtana, manana, (9) anekAMta hai tIsarA netra, (7) apanA darpaNa : apanA biMba, (8) apane ghara meM, (9) abhaya kI khoja, (10) abhyadaya, * (11) amUrta ciMtana, (12) uttaradAyI kauna ?, (13) ekalA calo re, (14) ekAMta meM anekAMta : anekAMta meM ekAMta, (15) kyoM AtA hai krodha ?, (16) gAgara meM sAgara, (17) cAMdanI bhItara kiI, (18) jIvana kA artha, (19) jIvana kI pothI, (20) jJAna-ajJAna, (21) taTa do - pravAha eka, (22) tumhArA bhAgya tumhAre hAtha, (23) dayA-dAna, (24) zAMti aura samanvaya kA patha nayavAda, (25) nAsti kA astitva, (20) prAcya vidyA, (27) bhAva aura anubhAva, (28) bhItara kI ora, (29) bhItara hai ananta zAMti ke srota, (30) bheda meM chIpA abheda, (31) maMjila ke paDAva, (32) meM kucha honA cAhatA huM, (33) meM yuvA huM, (34) maine kahA, (35) maiM huM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, (37) yuvA kauna ?, (37) vijaya ke Aloka meM, (38) visarjana, (39) satya kI khoja : anekAMta ke Aloka meM, (40) sAdhanA aura siddhi, (41) sArthakatA manuSya hone kI, (42) sukha kA srota kAM ?, (43) sukhI kauna? dhyAna ane yoga mahAprajJajI adhyAtmayogI hatA. jenAgama AdhArita prekSAdhyAna paddhatinA tathA jaina yoganA punaruddhAraka hatA. A viSayo para emaNe vIsathI vadhu pustakonI racanA karI hatI. Aje deza-videzamAM prekSodhyAna paddhati bahu lokapriya banI che. eno zreya emanA prayogAdhArita

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102 razmi jhaverI ciMtana ane lekhanane jAya che. dhyAna ane yoga pachI anuprekSA dhyAna ane aMte kAyotsarga - zarIra ane AtmAnuM bhedajJAna vagere upara mananAtmaka pustako racyAM che. prekSAdhyAna viSaya para agiyAra ane dhyAna upara paNa emaNe agiyAra jeTalAM pustakonI racanA karI hatI, jema ke (1) AbhAmaMDaLa, (2) UrjA kI yAtrA, (3) tanAva, (4) taba hotA hai dhyAna kA janma, (5) dhyAna kyoM ? (6) na socanA bhI sIkhuM, (7) nirvicAra kI ora (2) rUpAMtaraNa kI prakriyA (9) vicAra aura nirvicAra (10) vicAra kA anubaMdha (11) vicAra ko badalanA sIeM. kavi - mahAprajJa: mahAprajJanuM hRdaya kavihRdaya hatuM. teo kavitAnuM sarjana nahotA karatA. e to svayaM emanI lekhinImAMthI vahI jatI. emanAM uttama kAvyAtmaka sarjano che - "saMbodhi', 'agni jalatI hai', "akSara ko praNAma', "atulA-tulA', "apatha kA patha', 'abhyadaya', "azabda kA zabda', "Aloka prajJA kA', 'UrjA kI yAtrA", "RSabhAyaNa", "eka puSpa eka parimala', 'gAgara meM sAgara', ghara ghara dIpa jale', "caitya puruSa jaga jAe', 'jJAta-ajJAta', 'taTa do - pravAha eka', 'tulasI yazovilAsa', "pAtheya', 'phUla aura aMgAre", "baMdI zabda mukta bhAva', "bheda meM chipA abheda', mukulam', "zvAsa : vizvAsa', "sUraja phira AegA' Adi. lagabhaga 25-30 varSanI vaye emaNe laghukAvya banAveluM - "manakA paMkhI cAMca mAra rahA hai - jIvana ke darpaNa para. aura usameM dekha rahA hai apanA pratibiMba para use mAna rahA hai apanA pratidvandra.' gahana viSayone kAvyabaddha karanArI AvI hatI emanI virala kAvyapratibhA. jIvanacaritro H bhagavAna mahAvIranAM jIvana tathA kavana uparAMta emaNe pAMca anya jIvanacaritro paNa lakhyAM hatAM; jema ke "ajAta zatru kI jIvanayAtrA", "RSabha aura mahAvIra', RSabhAyaNa', "ratnapAla carita (saMskRta)', "yAtrA eka vijaya kI' (jaMbukumAranuM aneka dRSTAMto sAthenuM jIvana). terApaMtha : mahAprajJajI terApaMtha saMpradAyanA muni, yuvAcArya ane AcArya hatA. terApaMthanI vizeSatA che - enuM anuzAsana ane ekatA. A viSayo para emanI racanA che - "terApaMtha', terApaMtha : zAsana anuzAsana', "anuzAsana ke sUtra" ane "anuzAsana saMhitA'. AhAra ane Arogya : AtmA sivAya bIjuM badhuM "anya' che ane AtmAnA nija guNanI prApti ja mAnavajIvananuM sAdhya che. paNa e sAdhya mATe mAnavadehane e uttama sAdhana mAnatA hatA. tethI zarIrane svastha rAkhavA emaNe AhAra, Arogya, svAcya, Adi para gahana ciMtana karyuM hatuM ane emAMthI e viSaya para ATha pustakonuM sarjana thayuM H (1) AmaMtraNa Arogya ko, (2) AhAra aura Arogya, (3) tuma svastha raha sakate ho, (4) pahalA sukha nIrogI kAyA, (5) bhItara kA roga : bhItara kA ilAja, (7) maitrI buDhApe ke sAtha, (7) zakti kI sAdhanA, (8) svAthya kI triveNI.

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AcArya mahAprajJanI sAhityasRSTi prakIrNa : mahAprajJanuM ciMtana ane zrutasarjana mAtra adhyAtma pUratuM sImita na hatuM. vividha viSayo pa2 emaNe vipula sAhitya racyuM hatuM. 'gItA : saMdeza aura prayoga'mAM teo lakhe che ke "gItA AdhyAtmika ane dArzanika baMne che. emAM naya dRSTino paga paga para upayoga thayo che. gItA kevaLa siddhAMta ja nahIM paNa eka prayogagraMtha che." A uparAMta emanA 'kathAsaMgraha' bhAga 1-3mAM bodhakathAono bhaMDAra che. sauthI vadhu sAhitya emanAM gaMbhIra pravacanonA saMgraha rUpe 30 bhAgamAM prakAzita thayuM che. emanA anya graMtho che - (1) amRta piTaka, (2) kAryakauzala ke sUtra, (3) kucha dekhA, kucha sunA, kucha samajhA, (4) kaisI ho ikkIsavIM zatAbdI, (5) kaise ho sakatA hai zubha bhaviSya kA nirmANa, (6) gurutA ko namana, (7) cira yauvana kA rahasya, (8) jAgatika saMkaTa para nayA prakAza, (9) naye jIvana kA nirmANa, (10) nayA mAnava : nayA vizva, (11) niSpatti (12) parivAra ke sAtha kaise raheM ? (13) paryAvaraNa : samasyA aura samAdhAna, (14) pAtheya, (15) pratidina, (16) prastuti, (17) prAkRta vAkyaracanA bodha, (18) mAnavatA kA bhaviSya, (19) muktabhoga kI samasyA aura brahmacarya, (20) merI mA~, (21) mere jIvana ke rahasya. 103

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madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo saMzodhana ane vivecana : koI paNa sAhityanuM jyAre vivecana karavAmAM Ave che tyAre te sAhityaracanAnA AMtaravizvamAM jaIne ApaNe eno AsvAdarasAsvAda karIe chIe. kAvyakaLAnAM dhoraNone AdhAre, enI svarUpagata lAkSaNikatAone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ApaNe kRtinuM mUlyAMkana karIe chIe. jyAre sAhityanuM saMzodhana e rIte juduM paDe che ke e bahAranA jagata sAthe kAma pADe che. saMzodhana vastulakSI prakriyA che. sAhityamAM tathyonI mAvajatanI, satyAsatyanI e tapAsa kare che. joke saMzodhana ane vivecana baMne parasparAzrayI che teno paNa svIkAra karavAno rahe che. saMzodhananI pUrvazarata che jijJAsA ane saMzaya. koI kRtinA racanAsamaya aMge jijJAsA thAya ke koI kRtinA kartutva aMge saMzaya jAge ane enI tapAsa karavAmAM Ave e saMzodhananuM kSetra che. Ama saMzodhana hakIkato sAthe, tathyo sAthe, bAhya jagatanA vAstava sAthe nisbata rAkhe che. saMkSepamAM kahIe to saMzodhana e satyanI najIka pahoMcavAno prayAsa che. svAdhyAya e saMzodhananI prakriyAne baLa pUruM pADanAruM tattva che. A lekhamAM ApaNe madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMdarbhe saMzodhananI samasyAo vicAravAnI che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya : madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya 700 varSanA samayapaTa para, IzunI 12mI sadInA uttarArdhathI laI 19mI sadInA pUrvArdha sudhI kAMtibhAI bI. zAha

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madhyakAlIna jene sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 105 patharAyeluM che. kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanA "siddhahema' vyAkaraNanA AThamA adhyAyamAM je apabhraMza duhAo che emAM ApaNane gujarAtI bhASAno prathama aNasAra prApta thAya che. emAM UgatI gujarAtInI prakriyA che. gujarAtI bhASAnI sauthI jUnAmAM jUnI kRtio vajasenasUrikRta "bharatezvara bAhubali ghora" (saM. 1225/I. 1169) ane zAlibhadrasUrikRta "bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa' (saM. 1241I. 1185) e jaina kRtio che. tyAMthI AraMbhAyeluM A sAhitya chelle jaina pUjAsAhityanA paryAya samAM mahattvanA sAdhukavi . vIravijayajI sudhI vistareluM che. mudraNapaddhati astitvamAM AvI e agAu hastapratalekhana e A sAhityanuM mukhya mAdhyama rahyuM che. judA judA hastapratabhaMDAromAM saMgRhIta e hastaprato supere jaLavAI rahI ane mudraNapaddhati astitvamAM AvyA pachI saMzodhita-saMpAdita thaIne mudrita svarUpe vyApaka vAcakavarga sudhI pahoMcatI thaI. Ama, hastaprata-lekhanakAro, hastapratonI jALavaNIkAro ane hastapratone saMzodhita svarUpe prakAzita karanAra viddhajjanono moTo upakAra ApaNA upara rahyo che. hastaprata-saMzodhana - eka paDakAra : zrI mahAvIramabhunA 2000mA janmakalyANaka nimitte sthApavAmAM Avela nezanala mizana phora menyuskiTsa, nyU dilhI dvArA dezavidezamAM jaLavAyelI hastapratonA saMrakSaNanuM kAma hAtha dharAyuM emAM saMskRta, prAkRtathI mAMDI badhI prAdezika bhASAonI anekavidha viSayo dharAvatI hastapratane AvarI levAI che. emAM jaina hastaprato cAreka lAkha hovAnuM aMdAjAyuM che. paNa, kevaLa sarvekSaNa ke hastapratayAdI AgaLa kAma aTakatuM nathI. aMtima lakSya to hastapratomAM sacavAyelo bhavya sAMskRtika vAraso ane vipula sAhityarAzi pragaTa thAya e ja hoI zake. A hastapratonuM saMzodhana ApaNI yuvA peDhI sAmeno moTo paDakAra che. paNa tIvra jijJAsA, tatparatA ane utkaTa rasa-ruci vinA A paDakAra jhIlI zakAze kharo ? madhyakAlIna sAhityakSetranI paristhiti jotAM to atyAre evo sUra sAMbhaLavA maLe che ke A sAhitya hAMsiyAmAM dhakelAtuM jAya che. A sAhityanA saMzodhana-saMpAdana-prakAzana paratvenI upekSA e ciMtAno viSaya banyo che. bhale alpa pramANa, paNa saMzodhana paratve je rasaruci dharAvatA keTalAka jijJAsuo che temane hastaprata-saMzodhanamAM kevI kevI samasyAo naDI zake enA vize jarA jhINavaTathI vicArIe. hastaprata prApti - eka samasyA : vyakti je kRtinuM saMzodhana karavA mAgatI hoya teNe enI hastaprata meLavavI paDe. joke lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda; mahAvIra ArAdhanA kendra, kobA; zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jJAnamaMdira, pATaNa jevI saMsthAomAM ghaNA jJAnabhaMDAronI hastaprato ekatrita karAI che ane have to hastapratanI jherokSa nakalanI sagavaDa paNa UbhI thaI che. chatAM evA ghaNA bhaMDAro che je potAnI hastapratane bahAra kADhavA ja taiyAra hotA nathI kAM to enA vahIvaTakartAono paryApta sahakAra prApta thato nathI. to kyAreka evuM paNa bane ke hastaprata meLavavA mATeno udyama paNa UNo paDato hoya.

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106 kAMtIbhAI bI. zAha hastapratasUcionI paddhationuM vaividhya : hastaprata meLavavA mATenI mahattvanI cAvI hastapratasUcio che. keTalIka saMsthAoe AvI sUcio taiyAra paNa karI che. paNa dareka saMsthAnI sUci-paddhati alaga alaga hoya che. kyAMka sUci kartAnA varNAnukrame hoya che (saMkalita yAdI - ke. kA. zAstrI), kyAMka kRtinA varNAnukrame (lIMbaDI bhaMDAra tathA prAcya vidyAmaMdira, vaDodarA), kyAMka te viSayavibhAgane anusaratI hoya (bho. je. vidyAbhavana) to kyAMka e samayAnukrame thayelI hoya (jaina gUrjara kavio - mo. da. desAI). vaLI kRtio ekAdhika nAme oLakhAtI hovAthI, koI jijJAsu kRti zodhe rAsavibhAgamAM, paNa e goThavAI hoya prabaMdhavibhAgamAM. koI kRti "caritra'thI paNa oLakhAtI hoya ne "copAI'thI paNa. Ane lIdhe gUMcavADo Ubho thAya. uparAMta hastapratasUciomAM rahI gayelI azuddhi paNa zodhakane geramArge dorI jAya evuM bane. jema ke, kartAnAma khoTuM lakhAyuM hoya ke kartAne badale lahiyAnuM nAma lakhAyuM hoya. A rIte saMzodhakane hastaprata prApta karavAmAM ja keTalIka prAraMbhika samasyA naDatI hoya eka ja hastapratanI samasyA : saMzodhake kRtinI eka hastapratathI saMtuSTa thavAne badale enI zakya eTalI vadhu hastaprato meLavavAno prayAsa karavo joIe. jo ekathI vadhu hastaprato upalabdha hoya to kevaLa eka pratine AdhAre kareluM saMzodhana khAmIyukta ja gaNAya. kema ke prApta eka hastapratamAM koI pAnuM khUTatuM hoya, lakhANano koIka aMza UdhaIthI khavAI gayo hoya, palaLI ke cerAI gayo hoya, koIka pATha bhraSTa hoya to eka pratane AdhAre taiyAra thayelI vAcanA kSatipUrNa ja rahe. paNa AvA aMzonI avakAzapUrti e ja kRtinI anya hastapratothI thaI zake. bhraSTa jaNAtA pAThanI zuddhi thaI zake temaja pAThyapasaMdagIne paNa avakAza rahe. A rIte eka ja hastapratane AdhAre karAtA saMzodhanamAM rahI jatI truTionI samasyA jovA maLe che. lekhanakAra(lahiyA)nA lekhanadoSo : madhyakAlamAM sarjaka je kRtinuM sarjana kare che, tene lekhanakAra hastaprata svarUpe likhaMkita kare che. eka ja kRtinI judA judA lekhanakAro (lahiyA) dvArA jude jude samaye vadhu hastaprato lakhAyelI prApta thAya che. lahiyAnI saratacUkane laIne temaja bhASAnI ke viSayanI alpajJatAne kAraNe hastapratamAM lahiyAne hAthe thayelA lekhanadoSo jovA maLe che. saMzodhakane mATe te ghaNI samasyAo UbhI kare che. jo kRtinI ekathI vadhu prato upalabdha hoya to anya pratomAMthI zuddha pAThanuM pramANa maLI AvavAnI saMbhAvanA rahe. paNa eka ja pratamAM bhraSTa pATha hoya to kyAreka e lekhanadoSa pakaDAya ja nahIM, ane pakaDAya to kevaLa anumAnathI pAThanI zuddhi karavAnI thAya. eka mata evo che ke saMzodhanamAM hastapratanuM svarUpa yathAvat jaLavAI rahevuM joIe. tatkAlIna bhASAkIya mALakhAnI dRSTie e svIkArIe, paraMtu bhraSTa pAThanI zuddhi to karavI ja rahe. kema ke saMzodhakanuM kAma chevaTe to vAcakane sarjakanI racanA sudhI pahoMcADavAnuM hoya che. emAM lahiyAnA

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madhyakAlIna jene sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 107 lekhanadoSo aMtarAyarUpa bane che. kyAreka akSara bevaDAya, kyAreka akSara chUTI jAya, kyAreka ADAavaLA goThavAI jAya to kyAreka mULano pATha na UkalatAM pATha svecchAe paNa goThavAyo hoya. "guNaratnAkara chaMdanI vAcanA mATe meM je hastapratano AdhAra lIdho hato jemAM AraMbhe ja sarasvatIdevInA guNavarNanamAM viracita kavijanahRdaye pATha hato, jeno arthAnvaya aspaSTa raheto hato. paraMtu anya pratomAM eno zuddha pATha maLI Avyo. te hato - 'vicarita kavijanahRdaye". kyAreka padyAtmaka kRtinI eka hastapratamAM je padyakaDIo hoya enAthI bIjI hastapratamAM vadhArAnI kaDIo jovA maLe. tyAre prazna e Ubho thAya ke A bIjI hastapratamAM lahiyAe kaDIo prakSipta karI che ke pachI pahelI hastapratamAM mULanI kaDIo chUTI gaI che ? - lahiyAnI kalame hastapratomAM jovA maLatI joDaNInI ataMtratA to pAra vinAnI hoya che. eka ja hastapratamAM aneka vAra vaparAyelo eka ja zabda judI judI joDaNImAM lakhAyelo hoya che. tyAre livyaMtara karatI veLA saMzodhaka gaDamathala anubhave. A saMdarbhe eNe joDaNI mATe eka cokkasa paddhatino nirNaya levo paDe. lipivAcana, pAThanirdhAraNa, arthanirNayanI azuddhi : jema lahiyAnA lekhanadoSo vAcanA taiyAra karavAmAM samasyAo sarje che ema saMzodhakanI lipivAcananI alpajJatAne laIne paNa samasyA sarjAya che. lipivAcananI sajjatA e hastapratasaMzodhakanI prAthamikatA che. kema ke keTalAka varSo paratve vartamAna lipi karatAM hastapratono lipimaroDa judo paDe che. jene laIne "bha', "la" jevo vaMcAI javAne kAraNe "bhakSaNa' pATha "lakSaNa' thaI jAya, "pa" "ya' jevo vaMcAI jatAM "pApa" "pAya' thaI jAya, jaina hastapratomAM vizeSataH jovA maLatI paDimAtrA hrasva i tarIke vaMcAI jatAM "heta" zabda "hita' thaI jAya. ane Ama vAcanAmAM azuddha pAThonI paraMparA sarjAya; jene kAraNe arthavyo baMdhabesatA thAya ja nahIM, kAM to khoTA arthasaMdarbho * UbhA thAya. vaLI, lipibaddha keTalAka akSaro uccAranI dRSTie paNa judA paDatA hoya che. hastapratano 'Sa" kha' tarIke, kvacit "va" "ba' tarIke, "ya" "ja' tarIke uccAravAno hoya che. jema ke "AMSalaDIno uccAra "AMkhalaDI", "brAhmaNano uccAra "brAhmaNa" ane "dayo'no uccAra "dejo" thAya. keTalAka joDAkSaro paNa vartamAna paddhatithI alaga rIte lakhAyelA hoya che. hastapratamAM badhA ja akSaro saLaMga-bhegA lakhAyelA hoIne padavibhAjana (pAThanirdhAraNa) e saMzodhaka mATe kharI kasoTIno muddo bane che. e mATe bhASA ane viSayanI sajjatA ene sahAyaka bane che. nahIMtara, saMzodhakanuM lipivAcana saMpUrNa zuddha hoya chatAM jo padavibhAjana khoTuM thayuM hoya topaNa vAcanAmAM azuddha pAThonI samasyA sarjAya che. jaina sAdhukavi lAvaNyasamayata nemiraMgaratnAkara chaMdamAM kRSNanI rANIo, kRSNanA pitarAI bhAI nemikumArane lagna karavA phosalAve-paTAve che enuM varNana karato mULa pATha A pramANe che : iNi pari atighaNa uThAM melI'. (A pramANe ghaNAM dRSTAMto joDIne.) paNa saMpAdakane 'uThAM" zabda

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kAMtIbhAI bI. zAha pakaDI zakAyo nahIM hovAthI pavibhAjana thayuM A rIte, 'Ni pari atighaNau ThAMmelI' Ama bhaLato ja 'ThAMmelI' zabda vAcanAmAM pravezI gayo, ne 'uThAM' zabda nIkaLI gayo. 108 eka jaina pratamAM mULa pATha hato 'bhavasAgara nistarIe re' paNa livyaMtarakArane 'nistarIe' zabdamAMnA aDadhA 'sa'nI vaccenI pAMkha nahIM UkalI hovAne kAraNe e akSara '2' tarIke vaMcAyo haze. ene lIdhe pAThanirNaya thayo 'bhavasAgara nira tarIe re'. Ama mULa kRtino 'nistarIe' pATha nIkaLI gayo ne 'nira' pATha pravezI gayo. jo pAThanirdhAraNa khoTuM thAya to pAThaazuddhi to thAya ja, sAthe sAthe kRtinuM kAvyasauMdarya paNa aLapAI jAya evuM bane. 'guNaratnAkara chaMda'mAM sthUlibhadranA virahamAM kozAno virahodgAra saLaMga akSaromAM Ama lakhAyelo hato, 'mekhalamekhalaparisaMtAvai'. prathama dRSTipAte to thayuM ke ahIM 'mekhala' zabdanI dvirukti che. paNa hakIkate varNakrama sa2kho, paraMtu zabdo taddana judA hatA. pATha Ama besato hatoH 'mekhala me khala pari saMtAvai.'(kozA kahe che ke he sthUlibhadra! tArA virahamAM mArI kaTimekhalA mane khalanI--durjananI peThe saMtApe che.) joI zakAze ke kavie ahIM yamakaprayogathI bhASAne alaMkAramaMDita karI che. jo AvAM sthAnomAM khoTuM pavibhAjana thAya to kAvyasauMdarya lupta thAya. Ama, khoTA pAThanirNayone laIne arthanirNayo paNa aspaSTa rahI jatA `ya che; kAM to khoTA arthasaMdarbho darzAvavAnA thAya che. jaina paribhASAnI alpajJatA : madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityamAM rAsA, prabaMdha, carita, padyakathA jevI kathanAtmaka kRtiomAM paNa jaina tattvadarzana ane dharmabodhanuM nirUpaNa thayeluM hoI jaina paribhASAnA thokabaMdha zabdo prayojAyelA hoya che. vaLI dArzanika viSayavALI kRtiomAM to enuM pramANa savizeSa hoya che. AvI jaina kRtinuM saMzodhana hAtha dharanAra jaina hoya ke jainetara, paNa jo e kRtiaMtargata jaina pAribhASika zabdothI ajJa hoya to ene mATe moTI samasyA sarjAya che. AvI paribhASA nahIM pakaDAvAne kAraNe khoTA pAThanirNayo ke khoTA arthasaMdarbho saMzodhaka karI bese che. saddahaNA, samiti, gupti, jayaNA, nisihI, Avazyaka, atizaya, paccakkhANa, paDilehaNa, nikAcita, dezavirati, palyopama, saMvega, sAmAcArI jevA asaMkhya pAribhASika zabdo enA pracalita artho karatAM vizeSa arthasaMdarbho dharAvatA hoya che. eka jaina kRtinA saMpAdanamAM 'dIkhyA'no artha 'dekhAyA' apAyo che, paNa sAco artha 'dIkSita thayA' che. eka videzI saMzodhake Ama to ghaNA zramapUrvaka 'zAlibhadra-dhannA carita'nuM saMzodhana-saMpAdana karyuM che. paNa viSayavastu ane bhASAnI paryApta jANakArIne abhAve emane hAthe pAThanI keTalIka azuddhio jovA maLe che. eka sthaLe emaNe 'paMnyAna vijayagaNi' pATha Apyo che. je kharekhara 'paM. nyAnavijaya' pATha che. paNa 'paMnyAna'ne emaNe eka padavI mAnI lIdhI jaNAya che. prAkRta bhASAnI asajjatA : madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA gadyAtmaka bAlAvabodhonA livyaMtaramAM bhASAnI samasyA naDatI hoya che. bAlAvabodha madhyakAlIna gujarAtImAM hoya, paNa je mULa dharmagraMthano bAlAvabodha hoya

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madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 109 tenI gAthAo temaja bAlAvabodhakAre judA judA Agama-Agametara dharmagraMthomAMthI ApelAM uddharaNoavataraNo saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAmAM hoya. AvAM sthAnomAM jo saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAnI paryApta jANakArI na hoya to livyaMtara karatI veLA zuddha pAThanirNayanI samasyA sarjAya che. anubhave ema kahI zakuM ke madhyakALanA jaina sAhityanA saMzodhake khapa pUratI paNa prAkRta bhASAthI jJAta thavuM ja joIe. kartutvanA koyaDAo : sAmAnya rIte jaina sAhityanI dIrgha kRtiomAM kartA potAnuM nAma, gaccha, guruparaMparA, kRtinAM racanAsamaya-sthaLa vagerenI mAhitI kRtinA aMtabhAgamAM ApatA hoya che. hastapratamAM paNa kRtinA aMte apAyelI puSyikAmAM lekhanakAranI oLakha, lekhanavarSa temaja kRtinA sarjakano nAmollekha jovA maLato hoya che. paNa stavana, sajhAya, stuti jevI laghu kRtiomAM kartAoLakha hotI nathI. kevaLa nAmollekha ja hoya kAM to te paNa na hoya. keTalIka vAra dIrgha kRtiomAM paNa kartAnI oLakhanA koyaDA sarjAya che. keTalAMka udAharaNothI e spaSTa karIe. madhyakALamAM jJAnavijaya nAmanA sAteka jaina sAdhukavioe kAvyasarjana karyuM che. emAM "kAlikAcArya katha'nA kartA jJAnavijayanI mAtra nAma sivAyanI koI oLakha nahIM maLatAM jJAnavijaya nAmadhArI kaviomAMthI A kayA jJAnavijaya te nizcita thaI zakatuM nathI. 'pradezI rAjAno rAsa'nA eka sAdhukavi jJAnacaMdra che. paNa kRtimAM nAma sivAya emanI oLakhano koI AdhAra nahIM maLato hoI jJAnacaMdra nAmadhArI cAreka sAdhukaviomAMthI A kayA jJAnacaMdra che tenI spaSTa oLakha thaI zakatI nathI. dIrgha kRtiomAM paNa jo A samasyA che to laghu kRtionI to vAta ja zI ? jema ke stavana, sakjhAya, stuti jevI keTalIka jaina racanAomAM kevaLa "udaya" evuM kavinAma maLe tyAre samasyA sarjAya che. cAlIseka jeTalA udaya nAmadhArI jaina sAdhu kaviomAMthI A kayA kavi haze ? udayaratnavAcaka ? udayasAgara ? udayavijaya ? udayabhAnu ? udayasamudra? Ama bane tyAre kRtinuM racanAvarSa ke hastapratanuM lekhanavarSa ke evA koI anya AdhArothI je-te kavinI oLakhanA anumAnanI dizAmAM AgaLa vadhavAnuM rahe. upAdhyAya yazovijayajInA jIvanaparicaya mATe jene mahattvano AdhAra gaNavAmAM Ave che te sujasavelI bhAsa'nA kartA tarIke "kAMti kahe eTalo ja ullekha maLe che. kAMti eTale kAMtivijaya. kAMtivijaya be che. eka kIrtivijayaziSya, bIjA premavijayaziSya. paNa kRtimAM kartAnI guruparaMparA Adi anya kazI vizeSa oLakha ke racanAsamaya paNa nahIM maLavAne kAraNe A kayA kAMtivijaya e koyaDo ja rahyo che. "jaina gUrjara kavio" temaja "gujarAtI sAhityakoza khaMDa-1 (madhyakALa)' A kavine kIrtivijayaziSya gaNe che; jyAre prA. jayaMta koThArI emanA eka lekhamAM A kavine premavijayaziSya gaNe che. Ama paryApta oLakha vinA apAyeluM saMkSipta nAma kevI samasyA sarje che enuM A eka dhyAnapAtra dRSTAMta che.

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kAMtIbhAI bI. zAha gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade prakAzita karelA 'gujarAtI sAhityakoza'mAM madhyakALanA AvA ghaNA sAdhukavionAM adhikaraNomAM kartAnI oLakha nizcita karI zakAI nathI. 110 A to oLakha vinAnAM kavinAmonI vAta thaI, paraMtu evI paNa ghaNI kRtio che jemAM kartAnuM nAma ja na hovAne kAraNe evI kRtionA kartA ajJAta ja rahyA che ne pariNAme evI kRtione ajJAtakRta ja gaNavAmAM AvI che. 'vasaMtavilAsa ' nAmanI kAvyasauMdarye opatI madhyakALanI atyaMta prasiddha kRtinA kartA adyApiparyaMta ajJAta ja rahyA che. ane pariNAme e kavi jaina ke jainetara che, e kevaLa anumAnano viSaya banI rahyo che. joke e kavi jainetara hovAnI saMbhAvanA vizeSa jaNAvAI che. madhyakALamAM padyasAhityanI tulanAe gadyasAhityanuM pramANa ghaNuM ochuM che. emAM bAlAvabodho, varNako, paTTAvalio, praznottarI, auktiko, vijJaptipatro vagereno samAveza thAya. paNa A badhAmAM moTo hisso bAlAvabodhono che. 'jaina gUrjara kavio'mAM noMdhAyelA bAlAvabodhInI saMkhyA eka hajAre pahoMcavA jAya che. paNa AgaLa kahyuM tema emAMthI prakAzita thayela bAlAvabodhonI saMkhyA 30thI vadhAre nathI. e rIte bAlAvabodhonA kSetre prakAzananuM ghaNuM kAma karavAnuM bAkI rahe che. joke moTA bhAganA bAlAvabodho ajJAtakartRka ja darzAvAyA che ane koI eka ja graMtha upara anekane hAthe e racAyelA che. joke eka ja graMtha upara racAyelA, AvA ajJAtakartRka bAlAvabodhonI hastaprato ekatra karIne sarakhAvavAmAM Ave to evuM bane ke emAMthI koI nAmadhArI kartAnA bAlAvabodhanI ja e bIjI prata hoI zake. khoTAM arthaghaTanothI thatI kartAoLakhanI bhUlo : ahIM sudhI to mULa kRtimAM ke hastapratanI puSpikAmAM kartAnAma apAyuM ja na hoya ke paryApta oLakha vinAnuM hoya tyAre kartAnA koyaDAnI vAta karI. paNa ghaNI vAra evuM paNa bane che ke kRtimAM kartAnI oLakha apAyA chatAM saMzodhaka-saMpAdaka dvArA zabdonuM khoTuM arthaghaTana thavAne kAraNe ekane badale anyanuM kartRtva mAnI levAmAM Ave che. 'ghulibhadda rAsu' nAmanI eka kRtinI chellI paMkti 'thulabhadda jiNa-dhammu kahevi, devaloki pahutau jAevi'mAMnA 'dhammu' zabdathI doravAIne 'jai.gU.ka.' bhA. 1mAM zrI mo. da. desAIe kRtinA kartA dharma (?) hovAnI saMbhAvanA darzAvI che. (alabatta praznArthacihna mUkIne.) paraMtu 'prAcIna gUrja2 kAvyasaMcaya'mAM saMpAdako ha. cU. bhAyANI ane agaracaMda nAhaTAe to spaSTa A kRtinA kartAne ajJAta ja kahyA che. e ja rIte 'sthUlibhadra kavita/carita'nA aMtamAM paMkti che : 'cAMdragachi girUA supasAi siri somasuMdarasUri'. ene AdhAre saMpAdake kRtinA kartA somasuMdarasUrine gaNAvyA che. paNa ahIM paMktinA khoTA arthaghaTanathI Ama thayuM che. hakIkate kRtinA kartA somasuMdarasUrinA ziSya che. ahIM paMktino artha evo thAya ke 'somasuMdarasUrinA prasAdathI emanA ziSya A racanA karI che.' videzI saMzodhaka arnesTa benDare emanA 'sAlibhadra-dhannA carita'nA saMpAdanamAM kRtinA kartA matisAra kahyA che. hakIkatamAM kRtinA kartA jinarAjasUri che. kRtimAM Avato 'matisAra' zabda

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madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 111 kartAnirdezaka nathI, paNa "mati anusAra' e arthamAM che. A arthamAM aneka kRtiomAM kavioe "matisAra' zabda vAparyAnuM maLI Ave che. A kRtinI be hastapratonI puSyikAmAM paNa kartAnAma jinarAjasUri maLe che. prAcIna chaMdasaMgrahamAM "zrI vIra svAmIno chaMdanI aMtima kaDInA zabdo che: "punyaudaya huo guru Aja mero, viveke lahyo prabhu darzana tero." pustakanA saMpAdake "punyaudaya' zabdothI doravAIne kRtine kavi punyaudayanA nAme darzAvI che. hakIkate kRtinA kartA viveka che. paMktimAM ja e nAma maLe che. A rIte saMzodhaka-saMpAdaka dvArA khoTAM arthaghaTanone kAraNe vAcako sudhI bhaLatuM ja kartAnAma pahoMce che. kartAparicayamAM khoTuM arthaghaTana : jaina kRti-aMtargata zabdonA khoTA arthaghaTanathI kartAnA nAmanA (kartutvanA) koyaDA sarjAya che. e rIte kartAparicayamAM paNa paMktinAM khoTAM arthaghaTano samasyA UbhI kare che. dA.ta. jayavaMtasUrikRta 'RSidanA rAsanA eka saMpAdanamAM jayavaMtasUri bAlabrahmacArI hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. paMktionA khoTA arthAnvayathI Ama thayuM che. paMktio A pramANe che : neminAtha jayaMtI rAjali puhutI gaDha giranAri re, jayavaMtasUrisAmI tihAM milIu A bAlabrahmacArI re." vAstavamAM ahIM jayavaMtasUrinA svAmI evA neminAthane bAlabrahmacArI kahevAmAM AvyA che. eTale saMpAdakanuM paMktionA AdhAre thayeluM kathana kSatiyukta gaNAya. kartAnI jIvanaghaTanAonA samayanirdezono abhAva : madhyakALamAM ghaNA sAdhukavionAM caritro emanA ziSyone hAthe racAyAM hoI janma, dIkSA, . AcAryapada vagerenI caritrAtmaka mAhitI prApta thAya che. paNa sAthe keTalAka evA mahattvanA sAdhukavi che jemanA janma-avasAnanA samayanirdezo AvI kRtimAMthI prApta thatA nathI. "sujasavelI bhAsa'mAM upA. yazovijayajInuM janmavarSa upalabdha nathI. joke dIkSAvarSa saM. 1988 maLe che. ane e parathI anumAne kahI zakAya ke jo bAra-tera varSanI umare emanI bAladIkSA thaI hoya to emanuM janmavarSa saM. 1975 AsapAsanuM gaNI zakAya. jayavaMtasUri jevA mahattvanA kavinAM janma, dIkSA, AcAryapadavI ke avasAnanAM varSo kyAMye noMdhAyAM nathI. AvuM bane tyAre emanI kRtionAM racyAvarSonA AdhAre emanA jIvanakALano nirNaya levAno thAya che. pariNAme emAM paNa matamatAMtaro jovA maLe che. kRtinA racanAvarSanI samasyA : madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityamAM jema kartutvanA koyaDAo che tema kRtinA racanAsamaya aMge paNa samasyAo rahe che. khAsa karIne dIrgha kRtiomAM kartA kRtinA aMtabhAge svaoLakhanI sAthe kRtinuM racanAvarSa paNa ApatA hoya che. paNa evI keTalIye kRtio che jemAM racanAvarSa apAyuM ja na hoya.

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112 kAMtIbhAI bI. zAha tyAre e kartAnI anya kRtiomAM jo racanAvarSo apAyAM hoya to ene AdhAre enI AsapAsano racanAsamaya nakkI karavAno rahe che. chatAM nizcita racanAvarSa ApI zakAtuM nathI. racanAvarSa vinAnI kRtinI hastapratamAM jo hastapratalekhananuM varSa apAyuM hoya to kRtino racanAsamaya hastapratalekhanavarSanI agAuno che eTaluM nakkI karI zakAya che. keTalIka vAra racanAvarSa vinAnI kRtimAM jo koI anya kRti/kartAno ke koI aitihAsika ghaTanAprasaMgano ullekha thayo hoya to ene AdhAre e kRtino samaya e pachIno che eTaluM nakkI karI zakAya che. madhyakALamAM kRtine aMte kartA sAMketika zabdothI racanAvarSano nirdeza kare evI eka paraMparA jaina kRtiomAM vizeSa jovA maLe che. have jo saMzodhaka e saMjJAonI oLakhamAM bhUla kare to ene laIne khoTuM racanAvarSa pracAramAM Ave che. AvI saMjJAo kyAreka aMkonA sIdhA kramamAM to kyAreka UlaTA kramamAM apAtI hoya che. Ane lIdhe paNa kyAreka gUMcavADo Ubho thavAnI saMbhAvanA rahe. baMne kramavALAM sAMketika racanAvarSanAM udAharaNo juo - zazi muni zaMkaralocana paravata varSa sohAyA, bhAdo mAsanI vadi AdyA guru, pUrNa maMgala gAyA. (jIvaNavijayajIkRta "covIzI') ahIM sAMketika racanA varSa saM. 1738 sIdhA kramamAM apAyuM che. naMda tattva muni uDupati." (upA. yazovijayajIkRta 'jabUsvAmI rAsa') ahIM sAMketika racanAvarSa saM. 1739 UlaTA kramamAM apAyuM che. - harajI muninI 'bharaDaka batrIsI'nA aMtima bhAgamAM sAMketika racanA samaya darzAvatI paMkti A pramANe che : 'veda yuga rasa caMdasya e saMvatsara joI 4 4(2) 7 1 Ane AdhAre UlaTA krame kRtinuM racanAvarSa 1944 nirNata thAya. paNa sAthe sAthe vaikalpika 1924 paNa darzAvAyuM che. kAraNa e che ke "yugano bIjo artha yugma-yugala karavAmAM Ave to 4ne sthAne 2 AMka Ave. AvAM kAraNone laIne "sAhityakoza'mAM keTalIka kRtionAM AvAM vaikalpika racanAvarSo darzAvAyAM che. bahu ochI laghukRtiomAM kRtinuM racanAvarSa maLe che. tyAre kartAnA samagra kavanakALane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne AvI kRtiono racanA-gALo anumAne nakkI karavAno thAya che.

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madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 113 hastapratanA lekhanasamayanI samasyA : kRtinA racanAvarSanI jema hastapratanA lekhanavarSanI paNa samasyA hoya che. sAmAnyatayA hastapratanI puSyikAmAM lahiyA dvArA lekhanavarSa ApavAnI paraMparA che, paNa keTalIka hastapratomAM AvuM lekhanavarSa apAyuM hotuM nathI. saMzodhakane jyAre koI kRtinI ekathI vadhu hastaprato upalabdha thaI hoya che tyAre vAcanA mATe te hastapratanI prAcInatAne prAthamikatA Ape che. hastapratonAM lekhanavarSono AdhAra laI eno nirNaya karavAmAM Ave che. paNa lekhanavarSa vinAnI hastapratono samaya saMzodhakane mUMjhave che. tyAre hastapratano lipimaroDa, lekhanazailI, bhASAnuM mALakhuM vagerene dhyAnamAM rAkhIne hastapratano samaya anumAnavAmAM Ave che. jIvanaghaTanAonI pramANabhUtatAnA prazno (kartAsaMdarbhe). madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA keTalAka sarjakonA jIvanaparicayo karAvatI upalabdha sAmagrInA keTalAka prasaMgo pramANabhUtatAnI samasyA UbhI kare che. keTalIka ghaTanAo paraMparAgata ja mukhopamukha kiMvadattI svarUpe prasArita thaI hoya che, paNa enA koI nakkara purAvA prApta hotA nathI. tyAre prazna e thAya ke AvI ghaTanAne aitihAsika gaNavI ke kevaLa lokavAyakA lekhe svIkAravI ? jema ke upA. udayaratnajInI nizrAmAM kheDAthI zaMkhezvarano saMgha gayo. vilaMba thatAM pUjArIe dvAra kholavAno inkAra karyo. saue pratimAjInAM darzana karIne ja annapANI levAno saMkalpa karyo. udayaratnajIe stuti AraMbhI : pAsa paramezvarA, sAra kara sevakA, deva kAM evaDI vAra lAge." A stutithI nAgarAja prasanna thayA ne jinAlayanAM dvAra khUlI gayAM. eka vAta evI paNa che ke "sthUlibhadra navarasomAM nirUpita zRMgArane laIne udayaratnajInA AcArye emane saMghADA bahAra karyA. pachI emaNe "ziyaLanI navavADanI racanA karatAM udayaratnajIno saMghADAmAM punaH praveza thayo. AvI ghaTanAone aitihAsika tathyavALI samajavI ke ene kevaLa daMtakathA gaNavI ? udayaratnajI agAu aneka jaina sAdhukavioe utkaTa ane vistRta zRMgAranirUpaNa kareluM ja che paNa eno kyAreya niSedha thayelo jaNAyo nathI. kema ke AvI kRtinuM aMtima lakSya to zIlamahimAnuM ja hoya che. evuM bane ke je kavi eka kRtimAM AsaktibhAva nirUpI zake che e kavi bIjI kRtimAM viraktibhAva paNa nirUpI zake che e vAtane tIvrapaNe darzAvavA AvI lokavAyakA pracalita thaI hoya. upA. yazovijayajI ane emanA samudAyanA vinayavijayajI kAzI gayelA. kahevAya che ke e baMneno abhyAsa cAlyo tyAM sudhI sAdhuveza tyajI baMnee jazulAla ane vinayalAla evAM nAmo dhAraNa karI potAnI jaina tarIkenI oLakha chupAvelI. paNa AvI ghaTanAmAM koI pramANo prApta nathI. evuM bane ke upAdhyAyajInA vidyAsAhasanuM gaurava karavA AvI kathA UbhI thaI hoya.

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114 kAMtIbhAI bI. zAha jIvanaghaTanAonI pramANabhUtatAnA prazno (eti. vyaktivizeSa/viSayavastusaMdarbhe) : lAvaNyasamayakRta vimalaprabaMdha'mAM aitihAsika vyaktivizeSa vimalazAnuM caritra AlekhAyuM che. emAM emanA parAkramaprasaMgo ane emanI dharmAbhimukhatAnI ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa che. paNa A badhI ja ghaTanAo aitihAsika che ke kiMvadattInA mizraNavALI che e saMzodhanano prazna bane che. zrAvakakavi RSabhadAse racela "hIravijayasUrirAsa'mAM bharapUra dastAvejI sAmagrI saMgharAyelI che. mogala samrATa akabarazAha ane sUrIzvara hIravijayajInuM pratyakSa milana, hIrasUrijInA dharmopadezathI akabarazAhanuM pratibodhita thavuM, amAripravartana, jajiyAvero ane zatruMjayayAtrAverA saMdarbhe emaNe karelAM pharamAno e aitihAsika ghaTanAo che. A pharamAno Aje paNa upalabdha che. "Aine akabarI'mAM samrATa ane sUrIzvaranA ullekho prApta che. badAunI jevA muslima itihAsakAre noMdhelI ghaTanAo A prasaMgonI sAkSI che. paNa bIjI bAju hIrasUrijInA vihAra daramiyAna noMdhAyelI nAnI nAnI tamAma ghaTanAonAM pramANo maLe che kharAM ? evuM bane ke kavi RSabhadAse karNopakarNa sAMbhaLelI ghaTanAo AlekhI hoya. hIrasUriviSayaka racAyelI nAnImoTI kRtiomAM caMpA zrAvikAne kyAMka ToDaramalanI bahena kahI che, kyAMka thAnasiMganI phoI kahI che to kyAMka thAnasiMganI mAtA kahI che. eTale enI sAcI oLakhanI samasyA rahe che. madhyakAlIna bhASAsvarUpanuM arvAcInIkaraNa : madhyakAlIna jaina racanAonI hastaprato judA judA saikAomAM lakhAyelI maLe che. paNa jyAre e hastapratone AdhAre saMzodhaka kRtinI vAcanA taiyAra kare che tyAre tatkAlIna bhASAnAM nAmika ane AkhyAtika rUponuM uccAranI dRSTie arvAcInIkaraNa karI nAkhavAmAM Ave che. jema ke syuM-zuM, jihAi-jyAre, mayaraMda-makaraMda, gaurau-gaurava, paratakha-pratyakSa, mayaNa-madana, saira-zarIra, chai-che, kahii-kahIe, karaNye-karaze, pahirai-pahere, parIkhai-parakhe, hui hoya vagere. vAcakonA avabodha mATe Ama karavAnI dalIla karAya che. paNa ahIM kAlavyutkramadoSa Ave che. sAmAnya chApa e ja UbhI thAya ke je hastapratane AdhAre vAcanA taiyAra thaI che e hastapratanA samayanuM bhASAsvarUpa A ja haze. hastapratonA bhraSTa pAThonI zuddhi thAya te samajI zakAya, paNa bhASAnuM mALakhuM to te samayanuM yathAvat jaLavAvuM joIe. vAcakonI sugamatA mATe anuvAda, sArtha zabdakoza ne TippaNo ApI ja zakAya che. joke A bAbate koI niyaMtraNo jaLavAtAM jaNAtAM nathI. pratyeka saMpAdaka emanI potAnI paddhatie vAcanA taiyAra karatI veLAe bhASAsvarUpa sAthe chUTachATa letA jovA maLe che. yathAvatuM punarmudraNa : saMzodhananI samasyAomAM A muddo paNa samAvI zakAya ema che. koI madhyakAlIna graMthanuM ghaNAM varSo agAu saMpAdana thayuM hoya tenI navI AvRtti varSo pachI jyAre prakAzita thAya tyAre agAunI AvRttimAM najare caDhelI pAThanI-arthanI azuddhio ke vigatadoSo vagere dUra karIne, jarUrI zuddhivRddhi karIne ja tene pragaTa karavI joIe. paraMtu Ama thavAne badale kyAreka varSo pachI paNa kevaLa punarmudraNa

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madhyakAlIna jena sAhityanA saMzodhananI samasyAo 115 svarUpe ja e prakAzita thAya ane agAunI AvRttinI tamAma azuddhio yathAvata ja jovA maLe A paristhiti saMzodhanakSetre duHkhada gaNAya. kharekhara to agAu saMpAdita thayela AvA graMthanuM punaHsaMpAdana karIne navasaMskaraNa svarUpe enuM prakAzana thavuM joIe. madhyakAlIna jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI keTalIka samasyAo ahIM rajU karAI. saMzodhakano paMtha satyazodhano che. ane sAhityanA saMzodhake paNa e ja mArge jaI samucita pramANo sahita sAhityika tathyone jALavavAnAM che, pragaTa karavAnAM che. emAM ja enI kasoTI che ane puruSArtha paNa. saMdarbha-sAhitya 1. saMzodhana ane parIkSaNa, le. jayaMta koThArI, prakA. pote, 1998 2. jaina gUrjara kavio 1-9 (navasaMskaraNa), saM. jayaMta koThArI, prakA. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1989-92 3. upAdhyAya yazovijaya svAdhyAyagraMtha, saMpA. AcArya vijayapradyumnasUrijI, jayaMta koThArI, kAMtibhAI bI. zAha, prakA. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1993 4. sahajasuMdarakRta guNaratnAkara chaMda, saMpA. kAMtibhAI bI. zAha, prakA. zrI zrutajJAna prasAraka sabhA, amadAvAda, 1998 5. anusaMdhAna (46)(53), saM. AcArya vijayazIlacaMdrasUrijI, prakA. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti, amadAvAda, 2008, 2010 madhyakAlIna gujarAtI jaina sAhitya, saM. jayaMta koThArI, kAntibhAI bI. zAha. prakA. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1993 gujarAtI sAhityakoza khaMDa-1 (madhyakALa), mukhya saMpA. jayaMta koThArI, jayaMta gADIta, prakA. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, amadAvAda, 1989 8. udaya-arcanA, saM. kAMtibhAI bI. zAha, kIrtidA zAha, vinodacaMdra zAha, prakA. kheDA jaina mitramaMDaLa, amadAvAda, 2011 9. zrAvakakavi RSabhadAsakRta zrI hIravijayasUrirAsa, saM. AcAryazrI vijaya hemacaMdrasUrijI, prakA. zrI zrutajJAna prasAraka sabhA, amadAvAda, 1998 10. eka abhivAdana occhava - eka goSThi, saMpA. kAMtibhAI bI. zAha. prakA. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1998

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bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM jaina sAhityamAM yogadAna saMzodhana e aitihAsika paryeSaNA ne samIkSApUrvakanI tulanA dvArA, prakRtinAM gUDha rahasyo zodhavAnI ne pratyakSa karavAnI pravRtti che. e mATe citta bahu ja samatola ane pUrvagraharahita hovuM joIe. abhyAsaviSayanuM saMzodhana ane enuM sarvadezIya vyApaka arthadarzana ApoApa emAMthI philita thAya che.' (saMzodhana-satyazodhana lekha gujarAta dIpotsavI aMka saM. 2033). A vidhAna pro. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM che jeo jUnI gujarAtI, prAkRta ane apabhraMzanA pratibhAzALI, bahuzruta vidvAna, saMzodhaka, saMpAdaka tathA prAcIna temaja madhyakAlIna hastapratonA UMDA abhyAsI hatA. samatola citte, talasparzI adhyayana dvArA emanA aneka graMthomAM svataMtra tAraNo ApI niyata viSaya para abhyAsa rajU karavAno emano Agraha hato. pratyeka saMzodhanakartA mATe emanA graMthono abhyAsa mArgadarzaka banI rahe tema che. pATaNa pAsenA sAMDesara gAmamAM vaselA pATIdAro, samaya jatAM pATaNa AvIne vasyA ane sAMDesarA tarIke oLakhAyA. amadAvAdamAM rezamano vepAra karatA jayacaMdabhAI IzvaradAsa sAMDesarAne tyAM I. sa. 1917mAM janmelA bhogIlAle emanI mAtra ATha varSanI uMmare pitAnuM chatra gumAvyuM tyAre phoIbAe emanA kuTuMbanI saghaLI vyavasthA ane vahIvaTa saMbhALyAM. bhogIlAlano prAthamika ane mAdhyamika baMne abhyAsa pATaNanI zALAomAM thayo. A samayagALo emanA jIvananA abhigamane keLavavAmAM ghaNo ja mahattvano puravAra thayo. potAnA guru pravartakazrI kAntivijayajInA vArdhakyane kAraNe munizrI puNyavijayajI keTalAMka varSothI pATaNamAM sthiravAsa karI rahyA hatA tyAre emane maLavA munizrI jinavijayajI I. sa. 1931mAM sudhA niraMjana paMDyA

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bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM jene sAhityamAM yogadAna 117 pATaNa AvyA ane jaina borDiMgamAM UtaryA hatA. mAtra cauda varSano navamA dhoraNamAM abhyAsa karato A kizora bhogIlAla munizrIne maLyo tyAre enI tejasvitAthI prabhAvita thaI emaNe munizrI puNyavijayajI sAthe eno meLApa karAvyo. te divasathI bhogIlAlane jaina sAhityanA adhyayana mATenI dizA prApta thaI gaI. kAntivijayajI mahArAja pAse bahAragAmathI hastapratonA thokaDA AvatA. sAMDesarAne mana phAve te hastaprata jovAnI, ghera laI javAnI ane pote icche eTalo samaya rAkhI, vAMcI parata karavAnI chUTa hatI. te samaye aitihAsika, sAMskRtika ane sAhityika kendra tarIke pATaNanuM ghaNuM mahattva hatuM tethI A munione maLavA ane dhArmika AdAnapradAna karavA jarmanI, phrAnsa, iMglenDa, amerikA temaja bhAratabharamAMthI paNa paMDito ane vidvAno tyAM AvatA. emanI vacce thatA vArtAlApo sAMbhaLavAno moko sAMDesarAne maLato rahyo ane saMzodhanakArya mATe rasa keLavAto gayo. pATaNanA pustakabhaMDAro paNa emane anaupacArika rIte jovA maLyA. paMDita sukhalAlajI sAthe paNa paricaya thayo. AvA medhAvI jaina munionA sAMnidhyamAM emanI pratibhA pAMgaratI gaI. munizrI puNyavijayajI pAse hemacaMdrAcAryakRta 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa" zIkhavAno emane lhAvo maLyo. prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsI ane saMzodhaka zrI rAmalAla cunIlAla modI, jeo pATaNanI zALAmAM zikSaka hatA temanI vaijJAnika dRSTi, maulika sAmagrInA anveSaNanI sUjha, vastuo ane vicAronA AMtarasaMbaMdho samajavAnI ane samajAvavAnI kalpanAzakti tathA aneka vidyAomAM viharatI emanI zAstravyutpatti vagereno sAMDesarA para UMDo prabhAva paDyo. emane saMzodhana karavAnI preraNA prApta thaI ane cauda varSanI nAnI vaye emano prathama lekha "paDImAtrAno samaya" buddhiprakAza'mAM pragaTa thayo. A samayagALAmAM ja saMghavijayajI kRta 'siMhAsana batrIsI'nuM emaNe saMpAdana karyuM, je "sAhitya' mAsikamAM kramaza: chapAyuM. I. sa. 1933mAM teo muMbaI yunivarsiTInI maeNTrikanI parIkSAmAM beThA paraMtu mAtra gaNitanA viSayane kAraNe ekAdhika vakhata niSphaLa gayA. pote kaoNlejanA daravAjA joI zakaze nahIM evI gherI nirAzAmAM hatA tyAre yazavaMta zuklanA AgrahathI pharI eka vAra parIkSA ApavA taiyAra thayA. emanA sadbhAgye gaNitanA peparamAM puchAyelo khoTo dAkhalo madade Avyo ane badhA ja vidyArthIone maLelI cha mAsanI gresane kAraNe, A dhakkA bhegA teo maeNTrikamAMthI bahAra nIkaLyA. 1937mAM amadAvAdanI gujarAta kaoNlejamAM praveza meLavI, dareka varSe prathama vargamAM prathama naMbara meLavI 1943mAM ema.e. thayA ane sAkSara "zrI kezava harSada dhruva' suvarNacaMdraka prApta karyo. khAsa mahattvanI vAta e che ke teo maeNTrikamAM hatA tyAre I. sa. 1934mAM muMbaInI phArbasa sabhAe, emaNe saMpAdita kareluM, mAdhava kaviracita vRttabaddha kAvya "rUpasuMdara kathA' prakAzita karyuM hatuM. jyAre teo ema.e.mAM bhaNatA hatA tyAre pote ja saMpAdita kareluM A pustaka bhaNavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1943thI 1951 sudhI gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM emaNe adhyayana-adhyApananuM kArya karyuM tyAM emane zrI rasikalAla parIkha jevA vidvAnanuM sAMnidhya sAMpaDyuM. ahIM emanI ciMtaka, saMzodhaka, saMpAdaka ane anuvAdaka tarIkenI zaktiono khUba vikAsa thayo. vaiSNava kuTuMbamAM UcharelA hovA chatAM sAMDesarAne bALapaNathI ja jaina munio sAthe sahavAsanI taka maLI hatI tethI jaina sAhitya

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118 sudhA niraMjana paMDyA pratyeno lagAva keLavAyelo hato ja ane vidvAnonuM mArgadarzana prApta thayuM eTale teramA saikAmAM thaI gayelA gujarAtanA kalApremI maMtrI vastupAlanI AsapAsa ekatra thayelA kavi-paMDitoe saMskRta sAhityamAM karelA pradAna vize UMDI paryeSaNA rajU karI, pIeca.DI.no mahAzodhanibaMdha aMgrejImAM, 'Literary Circle of Mahamatya Vastupal and its contribution to sanskrit literature' 2412 $41. eno gujarAtImAM anuvAda paNa pote ja karyo. A graMthane sUratanI "narmada sAhityasabhA' dvArA 1956thI 1970nAM pAMca varSamAM pragaTa thayelA itihAsa-saMzodhananI zreSTha kRti tarIke 'narmada suvarNacaMdraka arpaNa karavAmAM Avyo. A zodhanibaMdhanuM hiMdI bhASAMtara banArasa yunivarsiTInA jaina saMskRtisaMzodhaka maMDaLa tathA telugu bhASAMtara haidarAbAdanI usmAniyA yunivarsiTInI saMskRta ekeDemIe prakAzita karyuM. A gaurava nAnuMsUnuM na kahevAya. bIjo Avo mahattvano graMtha che, "jaina AgamomAM gujarAta', jemAM 45 jaina AgamagraMthamAMthI gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA ullekha tAravI tenAM vividha pAsAMno emaNe vizadatAthI paricaya karAvyo che. gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM adhyApanakArya karatAM karatAM teo pro. rA. vi. pAThaka, pro. rasikalAla cho. parIkha, zrI umAzaMkara jozI, zrI ke. kA. zAstrI jevA prakAMDa vidvAnonA saMparkamAM rahyA, e kAraNe prAkRta, apabhraMza ane jUnI gujarAtInA UMDA abhyAsI tarIke pratiSThA pAmyA. 1951mAM mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA prathama adhyakSa banyA tyArathI 1975mAM nivRtta thayA tyAM sudhI satata saMzodhana-saMpAdanakArya karatA rahyA ane aneka vidyArthIone saMzodhanakSetre pravRtta thavA prerita karatA rahyA. "prA. vidyAmaMdiranA niyAmaka tarIke emaNe 1963mAM "svAdhyAya' taimAsika zarU karyuM je Aje paNa enA guNavattAsabhara lekhone kAraNe saMzodhana-sAmayika tarIke sukhyAta che. pro. rAmanArAyaNa pAThake gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada taraphathI "paMcataMtra'no anuvAda karavAnuM sAMDesarAne sUcana karyuM tyAre emaNe ghaNI gaMbhIratApUrvaka A kAma upADyuM. paMcataMtra'no samaya ane kartA vizenAM anumAno, enI vibhinna prAcIna pAThyaparaMparAo, mahattvanAM pAThazodhano, vadhArAnI kathAo, tulanAtmaka TippaNo, pariziSTo ane vistRta upodyAta sahita pazcima bhAratIya paMcataMtrano saMpUrNa anuvAda emaNe I. sa. 1949mAM Apyo. mULa graMthamAM gadyabhAgamAM AvatA seMkaDo zloko ane subhASitono anuvAda karyo ane sAthe sAthe pariziSTamAM "paMcataMtra' ane pAli "jAtakanI samAna kathAonI saMkSipta tulanA paNa karI. A saMzodhanagraMtha emane bALapaNamAM saMskAradIkSA ApanAra munizrI puNyavijayajIne emaNe arpaNa karyo che. zrI saMghadAsagaNivAcaka viracita "vasudeva-hiMDInA prathama khaMDano suMdara anuvAda paNa emaNe karyo che. A jaina sAhityano eka virala graMtha che je upalabdha Agametara kathAgraMthomAM prAcInatama hovAthI asAdhAraNa mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. prAcInakALamAM lakhAyelo lagabhaga sADA dasa hajAra zloka pramANano saLaMga kathAtmaka prAkRta gadyagraMtha samasta bhAratIya sAhityamAM zodhyo jaDe tema nathI evuM sAMDesarAe noMdhyuM che. enI bhASA ArSa jaina mahArASTra prAkRta che. jaina sAhityamAM 'hiMDI' zabda paribhramaNakathAnA arthamAM suparicita hato. "vasudeva-hiMDImAM vasudeva, potAnA moTA bhAI sAthenA kalahane kAraNe gherathI nAsI jAya che ane lAMbA samayanA paribhramaNa daramiyAna naravAhanadattanA jevAM

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bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM jena sAhityamAM yogadAna 119 ja parAkramo kare che ane chevaTe chellI patnI tarIke rohiNIne prApta kare che. A graMthamAM viSayAntaro ane avAjorakathAo ghaNAM che. sAMDesarAe upoddhAtamAM kRtinI bhASAnA ane kathAnA vizeSo darzAvI evo sAdyata abhyAsa rajU karyo che ke A anUdita kRti vizeno eka paNa prazna anuttara raheto nathI. emAM prApta thatI sAMskRtika sAmagrI vizeno aMgrejI nibaMdha maoNsko khAte 1960mAM maLelAM AMtararASTrIya prAcya vidyApariSadanA pacIsamA adhivezanamAM emaNe rajU karyo hato. mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA emanA kAryakALa daramiyAna emaNe be prakAzanazreNI zarU karI hatI. emAMnI eka che "prAcIna gurjara graMthamALA', enA nejA heThaLa 1973mAM jaina sAdhu zrI amRtakalazakRta 'hammIraprabaMdha'nuM emaNe saMpAdana karyuM hatuM. rAjasthAnanA sAhityamAM hammIra vize ghaNuM sAhitya upalabdha che ema jaNAvI sAMDesarAe nayacaMdrasUrinuM saMskRta hammIra mahAkAvya', bhAMDA vyAsakRta "hamIrAyaNa" athavA "hammIrade copAI', maheza kavikRta hammIra rAso', ema kavikRta "hammIrAyaNa', mUlaNadAsakRta "hamIraprabaMdha' nAmanuM mAravADI mizrita aitihAsika kAvya, bhaTTa mohilakRta "ca huvAna hamIra rI vacanikA', gvAla kavikRta "hammIra haTha' jevI soLa kRtionI racanAsAla, emanI vizeSatAo badhAM vRttAMtomAM thatA rahelA pheraphAro, pote meLavelI hastapratonI mAhitI vagere khUba ja jhINavaTathI AdhAro ApI darzAvI che ane munizrI puNyavijayajIe A saMdarbhe ApelA mArgadarzananI AdarapUrvaka noMdha lIdhI che. dareka kAvyamAM keTalI kaDIo che ane enI hastaprata ke nakala kaI lAibrerImAM ke koI kavi, vyakti ke saMsthA pAsethI prApta thaI che, AvI badhI nAnAmAM nAnI vigato emanI cokasAIpUrvaka thayelA abhyAsanI ane nisabatanI sAkSI pUre che. kRtinA saMpAdake jhIlavA paDatA paDakArono paNa ahIM aMdAja Ave che. saMpAdana karavuM saheluM nathI ane emAMya prAcIna ke madhyakAlIna kRtionuM saMpAdana jarAya saheluM nathI. prajJAcakSu sukhalAlajI A saMpAdana vize lakhe che ke "A samasta rAzimAM emanuM jIvanatattva e che ke te je kaMI lakhe che te sAdhAra hoya che, ne pUrI vigatathI UbharAtuM hoya che." emanuM bIjuM agatyanuM jaina saMpAdanakArya "prAcIna phAgusaMgraha'nuM che. emaNe 71 pAnanI prastAvanAmAM kRtinA upalakSyamAM anivArya saMpUrNa vigato ApavAno prayatna karyo che. vikrama saMvatanA caudamA zatakathI cheka sattaramA zataka sudhInAM cAraso varSanA gALAmAM racAyelI nAnI-moTI 38 phAguracanAo ahIM saMgRhIta che. phAgu kAvyaracanAonuM svarUpa samajAvI emaNe madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM enuM sthAna spaSTa karyuM che. saMkalita thayela phAguomAMthI moTAbhAganA jaina kavionA che enuM kAraNa darzAvatAM noMdhyuM che ke, "jaina bhaMDAromAM jIvanI jema sAhityanuM jatana thAya che. sarvagrAhI abhyAsa karavAno sAMDesarAno svabhAva hovAthI saghaLI kRtionAM vastu, viSayanirUpaNa, chaMdoracanA vagerenI lAkSaNikatAo to darzAvI ja che, paNa sAthe sAthe kRtinI racanAsAla ane sarjakano samayagALo zodhavA mATe emaNe karelI mathAmaNa ane tyArabAda karelAM anumAno paNa prApta thAya che. ApaNe svIkAravuM paDe ke prAcIna kRtionA saMpAdake pahelAM saMzodhaka banavuM paDe, vigatonI adhikRtatA tapAsavA mathavuM paDe, vizALa vAMcana uparAMta hastaprato ukelavAnI AvaData tulanAtmaka abhigama, sUkSma nirIkSaNadaSTi ane yogya pAdaTIpa tathA zabdakoza ApavAnI paNa taiyArI rAkhavI

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120 sudhA niraMjana paMDyA paDe. sAMDesarAnAM badhAM ja saMpAdano ATalI vidvattA, khaMta, nisabata ane cokasAIpUrvaka thayelAM che. keTalAka anya jaina graMthonI vAta karIe to gujarAtanA itihAsanI sAmagrIne kendramAM rAkhI lakhelo svAdhyAyagraMtha 'jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta' (1952) noMdhapAtra che. prAcIna TIkAo tathA Adhunika saMzodhanane AdhAre 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 1-18 (1952)nuM emaNe kareluM vivecanAtmaka gujarAtI bhASAMtara ApaNane prApta thayuM che to paMdaramA ane soLamA zatakamAM racAyelA traNa bAlAvabodho sahita nemicaMdra bhaMDA2IkRta 'SaSTizatakaprakaraNa'. (1953)nI 160 gAthAonA prAkRta prakaraNagraMthanuM saMpAdana paNa upalabdha che. mahIrAjakRta jainarAsakRti 'navadavadaMtIrAsa' (1954)nuM saMpAdana emaNe kartAnI hastapratane AdhAre karyuM che. bhuvanezvara khAte akhila bhAratIya prAcyavidyA pariSadanA prAkRta ane jaina dharma vibhAganA pramukha tarIke 'Progress of Prakrit and Jain Studies' (1959) viSaya para ApeluM vyAkhyAna banArasa yunivarsiTInA jaina saMskRti-saMzodhana maMDaLe prakAzita karyuM che. keTalAka prabaMdhone AdhAre zrI jayaMta ThAkaranA sahayogamAM 'Lexicographical studies in Jain Sanskrit' (1962) graMthamAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA jaina lekhakoe kheDelI saMskRtanI lokabhASAmaya zailInuM adhyayana rajU karyuM che. A graMtha sAMDesarAe munizrI jinavijayajIne arpaNa karyo che. emaNe guNavattA ane vidvattAsabhara mAtabara graMtho ApyA che. emAM 'zabda ane artha', 'itihAsanI keDI', 'sattaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvyo', 'pradakSiNA' 'saMzodhananI keDI', 'anusmRti', 'anveSaNA' jevA, badhA maLIne cAlIsathI vadhu graMtho ApyA che. sAhitya akAdamI, nyU dilhI taraphathI Makers of India bhAratIya sAhityanA ghaDavaiyA zreNImAM 'dayArAma'nA jIvana ane kavana vize saMkSepamAM samaja ApI che to 'muni jinavijayajI : jIvana ane kArya' (1978) graMthamAM munizrInuM jIvanacaritra saMkSepamAM ApyuM che. sAMDesarAe 'zeTha zrI popaTalAla hemacaMdra adhyAtma vyAkhyAnamALA' aMtargata 'yoga, anuyoga ane maMtrayoga' viSaya para bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM traNa vyAkhyAno ApyAM hatAM je jaina dRSTie Atma-52mAtmatattvane AnuSaMgika jainadarzananA saMdarbhamAM anya matonI samIkSAne paNa sparze che. jaina vidyAnA jainadarzana52ka viSayone AvarI letuM 1996mAM pragaTa thayeluM A emanuM maraNottara prakAzana che. to bIjuM maraNottara prakAzana che 'yajJazeSa' (1998) jemAM emanA saMskRta sAhityaviSayaka 81 nAnAmoTA lekho samAviSTa che. emanA lekhonI saMkhyA baso ATha karatAM paNa vadhu che jemAMnA moTAbhAganA 'buddhiprakAza', 'kumAra', 'prasthAna', 'sAhitya', 'svAdhyAya', 'saMskRti', 'navacetana', 'vizvamAnava', 'kaumudI', 'jainayuga', 'jaina satyaprakAza', 'AtmAnaMda prakAza' jevAM sAmayikomAM ane enA dIpotsavI aMkomAM prakAzita thayA che. 40thI vadhu lekho emaNe aMgrejI bhASAmAM paNa lakhyA che. emanA graMthone ghaNAM pAritoSiko ane caMdrako enAyata thayAM che. sAMDesarA jaina dharma ane jaina sAhityanA prakAMDa paMDita ane UMDA abhyAsI hatA ema emanA sAhityika pradAnanA upalakSyamAM jarUra kahI zakAya.

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15 bhagavAnadAsa paTela jaina rAmAyaNa ane bhIla rAmAyaNa ahIM ApaNo abhigama jaina rAmAyaNa ane bhIla rAmAyaNanI tulanA karavAno tathA bhIla 2AmAyaNamAMthI jaina dharmadarzananAM tattvo tAravavAno che. A mATe I. 800-900mAM likhita guNabhadranA 'uttarapurANa" ane I. 1995mAM A saMzodhaka dvArA saMpAdita 'raoNmasItamAnI vAratAne pasaMda karavAmAM AvyAM che. guNabhadra pahelAM vimalasUrie 300-400 I.mAM vAlmIkinA rAmAyaNanA AdhAre 'paumacarita'(padmacarita) lakhyuM che. vAlmIkie lokamAM pracalita maukhika rAmakathAnA prasaMgono AdhAra laI 300 I. pUrve 'AdirAmAyaNa'nI racanA karI che. guNabhadre vAlmIki rAmAyaNano AdhAra na letAM potAnA samayamAM lokamAM maukhika rUpe pracalita rAmakathAnA AdhAre uttarapurANanI racanA karI che. AthI raoNmasItamAnI vAratA ane uttarapurANanA ghaNA-badhA ghaTanA-prasaMgomAM samAnatA vartAya che. jyAre vAlmIki ane vimalasUrinI rAmakathAnI aneka rIte alagatA joI zakAya che. uttarapurANamAM sItAne rAvaNa tathA maMdodarInI aurasaputrI mAnavAmAM AvI che. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAmAM paNa kaikeyI potAnA dehamAM bhagavAnanA tejas(vIrya)thI utpanna garbhane eka ghaDAmAM mUkI saptarSine soMpe che. kara rUpe A ghaDo rAvaNanI rAja kacerImAM pahoMce che. saptarSinA Adeza pramANe nava mAse ghaDo kholatAM phUlakuMvarI avatare che. niHsaMtAna rAvaNa tene potAnI aurasaputrI mAnI rANIone soMpe che. uttarapurANamAM kuMvarInuM bhaviSya jotAM jyotiSI rAvaNane kahe che ke A kuMvarI tamAro nAza karaze. AthI bhayabhIta rAvaNa kanyAne ajJAta sthaLe mUkI AvavAno Adeza kare che. mArIci kanyAne maMjUSAmAM baMdha karI mithilAnI sImamAM khADo goDI mUkI Ave che. je kanyA

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122 bhagavAnadAsa paTela janakane maLe che. rAjA "sItA' nAma dharAvI putrInI jema pALe che. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAmAM paNa rAvaNa kuMvarInA nAmakaraNa mATe ekaso ne sATha jozI teDAve che. jozI sItA nAma dharAvI rAvaNane kahe che ke A kuMvarI tArI patnI banaze. nava graha to teM tArA palaMganA pAye bAMdhyA che paraMtu, chUTo rahI gayelo A dasamo graha tAro nAza karaze. AthI duHkhI rAvaNa sItAne pAraNAmAM baMdha karI, gaMgAmAM padharAvavAnI sainikone AjJA kare che. sAme kinAre gaMgAmAM snAna karavA AvelA janakarAjAne sItA maLe che. putrI mAnI nagarajano vacce vAjate-gAjate rANIone soMpI sItAne rAjA rAjamahelamAM lAve che. jaina rAmAyaNamAM nAradanA mukhe sItAnA sauMdaryanuM varNana sAMbhaLIne rAvaNa tene harI lAvavAno saMkalpa kare che. bhIla rAmAyaNamAM dasamo graha rAvaNanA mRta pitAnuM rUpa laIne sItAne harI lAvavA uzkere che. uttarapurANamAM mArIci svarNamRganuM rUpa laI rAmane dUra laI jAya che. sItAnuM haraNa karI sItAne laMkAmAM lAve che. ahIM rAvaNa satano be-mukho sonAno mRga banAvI sItAnI vADI bheLavA mokale che. rAma vADImAM jatAM, rAvaNa sAdhuveze sItAnuM haraNa karI vimAnamAM lAvI bAgamAM mUke che. baMne rAmAyaNamAM hanumAna sItAne zodhavA laMkA jAya che ane sItAne sAMtvanA ApIne pAchA Ave che. baMne rAmAyaNamAM setubaMdhano prasaMga nathI. uttarapurANamAM vimAna dvArA to roma-sItAnI vAratAmAM eka moTA daDA para besI rAmanI senA laMkA pahoMce che. baMne rAmAyaNamAM rAvaNano vadha lakSmaNa kare che. uttarapurANamAM lakSmaNa cakrathI to raoNmasItamAnI vAratAmAM rAvaNano jIva sUrajanA rathamAM rahelA bhamarAmAM hovAthI UkaLatA telamAM bhamaro pADIne lakSmaNa rAvaNane mAre che. baMne rAmAyaNamAM rAma agniparIkSA lIdhA vinA sItAno svIkAra kare che. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAmAM laMkAthI AvyA pachI paNa vItarAgI rAma, rAjagAdI svIkAratA nathI. paNa thoDoka samaya rokAI, bharata-zatrughnane rAjya soMpI sItA-lakSmaNa sAthe lokonAM duHkha dUra karavA rAma cAra khaMDanI pradakSiNA karavA nIkaLe che. uttarapurANamAM paNa rAma lakSmaNa, bharata, zatrughnane rAjya soMpIne vArANasI cAlyA jAya che. sAdhanA karyA pachI rAmane 395 varSa vItyA bAda kevaLajJAna prApta thAya che. sItA paNa anya rANIo sAthe dIkSA le che, ane svargamAM jAya che. lakSmaNa mATe kahevAmAM AvyuM ke rAvaNane mAravAnA aparAdhamAM narkamAM gayelo te saMyama dhAraNa karIne mokSa prApta karI zakaze. jaina dharmamAM sarvajJa ane prakAzamAna AtmAne jIva kahyo che. saMsAramAM AvatAM ja karma karavAnA kAraNe jIva potAnA mULa svarUpane bhUlI jAya che. A ajJAnanI avasthA che. ajJAnanA kAraNe te karma karato jAya che ane janma laIne duHkha bhogavato rahe che. AthI karma ane karmaphaLano nAza karIne vItarAgI jIva punaH potAnA vAstavika rUpa (prakAzamAna AtmA)no sAkSAtkAra karI zake che. jaina

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jene rAmAyaNa ane bhIla rAmAyaNa 123 dharmanuM mukhya lakSya jIvane karmanA "bandhathI mukta karavAnuM che. tenA be upAya che. eka, jIvanI tarapha karmanA pravAhane rokavAnuM che. te satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha ane brahmacarya jevAM paMcamahAvrato dvArA karI zakAya che. A kriyAne "saMvara' kahe che. be, tenI sAthe sAthe pUrvajanmonAM saMcita karmaphaLono nAza paNa karavo paDe. A tapa dvArA saMbhava che. jaina dharmamAM A kriyAne "nirjarA" kahevAya che. aMte saMvara ane nirjarAnI prAptithI jIva karmanA badhethI mukta thaIne mULa rUpane prApta kare che. A kevalya(mokSa)nI sthiti che. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAmAM rAma jaina zramaNanI jema AraMbhathI ja saMsArathI - sAMsArika bAbatothI vItarAgI che. aparamAtA kaikeyI (kakApadamaNI)e bAra varSano vanavAsa Apyo to sahaja svIkAra karatAM nagarIne vaMde che ane AzIrvacano uccAre che, "kuzaLa rahejo amArA vAdaLamahela! kuzaLa rahejo mAtA ane aparamAtAo !" karmaphaLa svIkAratAM kahe che, "karamamAM hoya e to bhogavavuM ja paDe !" ane koI paNa prakAranI dalIla vinA dhanuSya-bANa laIne jaina zramaNanI jema lakSmaNa sAthe pAda-vihAra karatA vanamAM nIkaLI paDe che. ahIM rAmanA vanagamana pachI sItAno svayaMvara racAya che. rAmanA A anAsaktinA bhAva sItAsvayaMvara prasaMge paNa jovA maLe che. vanamAM vihAra karatAM baMne bhAI dhanuSya-bANa janakarAjAnA khetaramAM bhUlI Ave che. dhanuSabANa levA jAya che tyAre sItA svayaMvaranAM vAjAM vAgI rahyAM hoya che. lakSmaNa rAmane kahe che, "A nagaramAM koI sArA prasaMganAM vAjAM vAgI rahyAM che. mAtAe vanamAM mUkyA te divasathI ApaNe manakhA avatAranuM mukha joyuM nathI. Aje to ApaNe A prasaMgane jotA ja jaIe.' rAma kahe che, "bhAI, karame ekalA mUkyAM to have ApaNe ekalA ja rahevuM che. have sArA prasaMga zuM jovA hatA ?' haThAgraha karIne lakSmaNa laI jAya che. to rAma svayaMvaranI rAjasabhAmAM pravezavAnA badale dUra alaga ukaraDA para bese che. dhanuSyabhaMga pachI sItA samakSa sakhIo rAmanuM zabdacitra A rIte aMkita kare che. bAI, te divase bharI sabhAmAM tAro vara joyo. bAI, tane to kaMI vara maLyo che ! tenA hAthe ApelAM bora paNa nahIM khavAya tevo che. paheravA pUrAM kapaDAM nahotAM ane zarIra upara to veMta rAkha coMTI hatI. sAce ja bAvo che bAvo ! ane tAruM zarIra to jo, aDadhI pRthvInuM rUpa !" ahIM paNa sItA karmaphaLane yAda kare che. "karmamAM kodarA lakhyA hoya pachI ghauM kyAMthI khAvA maLe ?" sItAharaNa pachI senA sAthe laMkAmAM AvelA rAma sItAne rAvaNanA sakaMjAmAMthI choDAvavA mATe karma karatA nathI. karmanA AvaraNathI DhaMkAyelo lakSmaNa ja sItAne mukta karavAnI badhI kAryavAhI kare che. rAvaNanA mRtyunuM rahasya jANavA dhobIne navalakho hAra ApIne maMdodarInAM kapaDAM prApta kare che. maMdodarIno chadmaveza laI bhojana ApavAnA bahAne rAvaNanA mahelamAM praveze che. rAvaNa sAme banAvaTI AMsu sArI tenI pAsethI tenA mRtyunuM rahasya jANI lAve che. rAvaNano jIva sUrajanA rathamAM rahelA bhamarAmAM hato. A bhamarAne bANathI vIMdhI UkaLatA telamAM pADI mAravA mATe bAra ghANInuM tela, loDhAnI eka kaDhAI ane nIce cUlAmAM saLagAvavA mATe lAkaDAMnI jarUra che. paraMtu, karmane rokatA rAma, lakSmaNanA koI paNa kAryamAM sahabhAgI thatA nathI. rAmanA A dharmadarzanane samajavAmAM asamartha

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124 bhagavAnadAsa paTela lakSmaNa rAma upara khijAtAM kahe che, 'bhAI, tuM to cAlato paNa nathI ne cAlavA deto paNa nathI. divasa UgyA pahelAM to kaDhAI nIce saLagAvavA lAkaDAM joIe. ApaNuM kAma pUruM nahIM thAya ane divasa UgI jaze. to ApaNI badhI ja mahenata pANImAM jaze.' A badhI pravRttiothI nirlepa rAmane joIne temanA taraphathI potAnuM mana vALI letAM, lakSmaNa vicAre che, 'rAma to RSi jevA che. temanAthI kaMI paNa banI zakaze nahIM. A vastuo paNa mAre jAte ja meLavavI paDaze.' aMte ekalA hAthe rAvaNane mAravAnI sAmagrI ekaThI kare che. prAtaHkALe UkaLatA telanI kaDhAInA sAma sAmenA kAnA upara UbhA rahI lakSmaNa sUrya sAme dhanuSya para tI2nuM lakSya le che. madhyAhne bhamarAnuM pratibiMba kaDhAImAM paDatAM ja yogya yoge sAdhI tIra choDe che. bhamaro vIMdhAIne telamAM paDI taLAI jAya che. rAvaNa marAya che. ahaMkAra mRtyu pAme che. karmaphaLa bhogavato yoddho lakSmaNa mUrchita thaI dharatI para DhaLI paDe che. uttarapurANanI jema vimalasUrinA paumacarita (paumacariya)mAM paNa rAvaNano vadha lakSmaNa kare che. bhIla rAmAyaNamAM rAma jANe ke moTe bhAge paMcamahAvratonuM pAlana karatA hoya evuM vartAya che. rAma pUrA jIvanamAM traNa vAra gusse thAya che ane be vAra zArIrika hiMsA Acare che. vanamAM vaNajoItI koI vastuno saMgraha ka2vAnI to jarUra nathI. AthI rAma vanaphaLa levA jAya che. jhUMpaDI banAvatAM zramita thayelAM sItA-lakSmaNa sAgapAna oDhIne nidrAdhIna banI sUI jAya che. pavana pAna uDADe che. vanaphaLa laIne AvelA rAma baMnene anAvRta jotAM krodhathI kope che. bIjI vAra, sItAharaNa pachI khATI neMbo (eka jaMgalI vela) ane AvaLane sItAnI bhALa aMge pUchatAM baMne rAmane tochaDo pratyuttara pAThave che. AthI duHkhI rAma gusse thaI khATI neMbone lagna samaye yuvAnImAM ja sukAI javAno ane AvaLane camAranA kuMDamAM kAyamI vAsa ka2vAno zApa Ape che. trIjI vAra, lavakuzamilana prasaMge baMne bhAIone temanA pitA vize pUchatAM aNachAjato uttara Ape che ane rAma cheDAI paDe che. rAma jIvanamAM be prasaMge zArIrika hiMsA Acare che. eka, yeriyo vAnaro hanumAnanI patnIne laI jAya che tyAre lakSmaNane sAtha ApatAM rAma tene lAkaDIthI jhUDe che. bIjA prasaMge, sItAe kaThora parizrama karI banAvelA bAgane rAvaNe mokalelA bemukhA suvarNamRge bheLyo tyAre sItAnA upAlaMbhathI Ahata rAma krodhita thaI teno vadha kare che. A prasaMgo sivAya rAmanuM AcaraNa bhIla rAmAyaNamAM moTA bhAge samyak rahyuM che. jaina dharmanA udaya pahelAM vaidikayugamAM deva tattvanI sarvocca pratiSThA hatI. devatA samakSa manuSyanI sattA nagaNya hatI. te potAnI bhautika icchAonI pUrti mATe devakRpA para nirbhara hato. paraMtu, pahelAM upaniSada dharmamAM ane punaH bauddha ane jaina dharmamAM devatAnI apekSA manuSyane vadhu mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratA e hindu dharmanA 'avatAravAda'nA udaya pahelAMnI maukhika kRti che. AthI rAma ahIM bhagavAna viSNunA avatAra nathI ane sItA ahIM nathI. to devodAnavonA samudramaMthanamAMthI nIkaLelAM tathA viSNune varelAM lakSmIjI ! rAma ahIM che svayaM AtmasAdhanA ka2tA eka sahaja-sAmAnya rAjakumAra. sItA paNa kheDuone bhAta ApavA ekalI jaI zakatI sahaja kRSi rAjaputrI che. svayaMvara pachI sItA rAma-lakSmaNa sAthe vanamAM Ave che tyAre lakSmaNane pUche che, 'diyara, kyAM che ApaNA vAdaLamahelo ?' 'bhAbhI, ame to dhUNI dhakhAvIne vanamAM rahIe chIe, ane

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jaina rAmAyaNa ane bhIla rAmAyaNa hiranuM nAma laIe chIe. bhAbhI, A vanakhaMDamAM vaLI vAdaLamahela zAnA ?', 'diyara, tame jogI banyA ane huM jogaNa banI e vAta to sAcI. e to tamAre cAlatuM hatuM paNa have tamArA ghera gRhiNI AvI. have tamAre ghara vinA nahIM cAle. ghara hoya pachI gharavakharI paNa joIe. A gharasaMsAranA jJAnanI vAta tArA bhAIne samajAva.' paraMtu saMsA2thI jANe ke virakta hoya ema rAma ahIM sItA sAthe koI vAda-vivAda karatA nathI. AthI khijAyelI sItA lakSmaNane AgaLa kahe che., 'alyA, diyariyA, tAro bhAI to thAMbhalo thaIne Ubho rahyo! jA, tene jaIne vAta kara. Ama, UbhA UbhA to jalama jaze nahIM ane bhagati paNa thaze nahIM.' rAmanA A vItarAganA bhAvonAM darzana bhIla rAmAyaNamAM aneka sthaLe thAya che. AthI sItAnA pavitra zIla vize saMpUrNa mAhitagAra hovA chatAM, ayodhyA AvyA pachI mAtA kauzalyA sItAnA cAritrya vize zaMkA uThAvI sItAne punaH vanamAM mUkI AvavA Adeza Ape che tyAre paNa rAma mAtA para nathI to rUThatA ke nathI to vAda-vivAda karatA. 125 ayodhyA AvyA pachI paNa rAma rAjagAdIe besatA nathI. bharata ane zatrughnane ayodhyAnuM rAjya soMpatAM vItarAgI zramaNanI jema kahe che, 'ayodhyAnI gAdI tame saMbhALo. huM ahIM besI rahIza to du:khIonI khabara koNa rAkhaze?.. tame baMne kSemakuzaLa besajo ane ayodhyAnuM rAjya karajo. ame to duHkhIonAM du:kha dUra karavA cAra khaMDa ane cauda bhavanamAM A cAlyAM...' ane rAma-sItA-lakSmaNa zramaNonI jema jIvanadarzana dharmadarzana vaheMcavA pRthvInI pradakSiNAe nIkaLI paDe che. jaina dharme bhAratIya saMskRtinI zramaNa paraMparAne AgaLa calAvI. zramaNa ane zramaNa vicAra vaidikayuga uparAMta prAk-vaidikayugamAM AryonA Agamana pahelAM dasa hajAra varSathI bhAratIya upakhaMDamAM vasatI bhramaNazIla niSAda ke bhIla prajAmAM paNa hatA. A matano AdhAra bhIlonI prAcIna purAkathA raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAno dharma arthe jagavihAre nIkaLelo 2Ama parivAra Ape che. pUrvakAlIna niSAda e ja AjanA bhIla ema raoNbarTa zephara ane DI.DI. kosAmbIpa dRDhatApUrvaka mAne che. gujarAtanA uttara, pUrva ane bhAratanA madhya upakhaMDamAM vasatA A lokoe ja ahIM navapASANayuganI sabhyatAno vikAsa karyo che ema nava aitihAsika saMzodhano darzAve che. Aryone drAviDa, pulina, niSAda ke bhIla jevI AryaMta saMskArI prajA pAsethI je vAraso maLyo hato te hiMdudharma-Aryadharmano dhArmika, sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika pAyo gaNAya che. jaina dharmamAM badhA liMga ane jAtinI vyaktio dIkSita thaIne samAna sthAna prApta karI zake che. jaina saMghamAM brAhmaNa tathA caMDALane eka ja stara para svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. A samAjavAdI dharma che. mahAvIra svAmIe je upadeza Apyo te vargahIna samAja mATe hato. AthI jaina rAmAyaNamAM rAkSaso ane vAnarone paNa sanmAna ApavA temano ullekha vidyAdharo tarIke karyo che. bhIla AdivAsIomAM pUrvakALamAM mAtRsattAka samAjamAMthI AvirbhAva pAmelo ane vartamAnamAM bhAdaravA ane mahA mAsamAM bhIla sAdhuo dvArA eka gAmathI bIje gAma bhramaNa karI UjavavAmAM Avato ane jenA dhArmika anuSThAna prasaMge bhIla rAmAyaNa ane bhIla mahAbhArata gavAya che e mahAmArgI pATa ke dhULAno pATa paNa AdivAsI vistAromAM phelAyelo eka vizALa lokadharma che. A

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bhagavAnadAsa paTela lokadharmanA adhiSThAtA devatA ziva-zakti che. mahAdeve A paMtha calAvyo hovAthI A pATane mahApaMtha ke mahAdharma paNa kahe che. A dharmamAM liMgabheda ke sAmAjika starabheda vinA jati-satI banI koI paNa vyakti dIkSita thaI zake che ane guru banAvI zake che. bhIla AdivAsIo mizra AhArI hovA chatAM pATamAM sahabhAgI vyaktie prasaMga pUrato to mAMsa-madirAno tyAga karavo paDe che. A pATanA dhArmika anuSThAna prasaMge strI gurunA sthAne hoya che (have A paraMparA ghasAvA lAgI che,) ane strInA vyaktitvanuM gaurava karatI gatagaMgA (dhArmika sabhA) tenA Adezane sanmAna ApI anusare che. 126 A jIvanadarzana-dharmadarzanamAMthI AvirbhUta bhIlonA bhArathamAM AthI to rAjakIya, dhArmika ane sAmAjika sattA kuMtI-draupadI jevI kArobArakuzaLa strIonA hAthamAM che. strIo ahIM rAjakIya, dhArmika ane sAmAjika vyaktitva sAthe sazaktIkaraNa sAthe pragaTa thAya che. teo paNa puruSone AtaMkita nathI karatI, paraMtu jyAM paNa puruSo bhUla kare che tyAM rAjakIya, sAmAjika ane dhArmika jIvananI mArgadarzaka bane che. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratA ane bhArathamAM strInAM pramukha traNa rUpo duhitA, putravadhU-patnI ane mAtA vinA liMga bheda athavA vinA sAmAjika-dhArmika tathA rAjakIya stara bheda samAna adhikAra prApta kare che. eTaluM ja nahIM, dAsI jevAM sAmAnya strI-pAtro paNa rAjA athavA rANInA vyaktitvathI prabhAvita nathI. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAmAM to vAgha, khisakolI, vAnara jevAM prakRtitattvo paNa bhAI-mAmA-mAmI-mAsI jevA sAmAjika saMbaMdho sthApita kare che. ahIM nathI to potAnI ucca jAtinA ahaMthI prabhAvita karato brAhmaNa samAja athavA nathI to anya samAjone bhayAnaka lAgato ane nIca mAnavAmAM Avato rAkSasa samAja. AthI ahIM rAvaNano ullekha rAjA sivAya rAkSasa rUpe nathI thayo. ahIM mAnavajagata ane prakRtijagata eka samAna mAnavIya bhUmi 52 vica2Na kare che. tenuM mukhya kAraNa bhIlonuM samatAvAdI mahAmArgI jIvanadarzana che. A arthomAM raoNma-sItamAnI vAratA ane bhAratha strIjIvananAM aneka svataMtra svarUpo pragaTAvatAM ane strInA vyaktitvanuM gauravagAna ka2tAM ane mAnava-mAnava ane prakRtitattvo vacce samAnatA sthApatAM bhAratIya maukhika lokasAhityanAM virala lokamahAkAvyo che. ane A pAraMparita lokadharmI-mahAmArgI-samatAvAdI jIvanadarzanadharmadarzanamAMthI Ajano nArIvAdI dArzanika paNa potAnAM navAM jIvanamUlyo ghaDI zake che. bhIla samAjamAM vartamAnamAM pracalita pUrvakAlIna mahAmArganAM mULa ghaNAM UMDAM che. niraMjana jyotisvarUpa Adya-ziva-zaktithI AraMbhI bauddha dharmanA nirvANa, jaina dharmanA kaivalya tathA viSNu ane AjanA rAmadevapIranI avatAra pUjA sudhI mahAmArganI ghaTA phelAyelI che. AthI to bhIla rAmakathA raoNmasItamA ane jaina rAmakathA uttarapurANamAM aneka ghaTanA-prasaMgomAM ghaNI badhI rIte samAnatA vartAya che. jaina dharmamAM varSARtunA cAra mAsa choDIne zramaNo mATe pAda-vihAra Avazyaka hovAthI zramaNoe nagara, grAma ane AdivAsI vistAromAM paNa vihAra karyo che. AthI AdivAsIo sAthe paNa zramaNo saMparkamAM AvyA che. A kAraNe baMnenAM jIvanadarzana-dharmadarzananuM AdAna-pradAna thayuM che. AthI jaina dharmanAM keTalAMka tattvo bhIlI rAmAyaNamAM to bhIlomAM pracalita mahAmArgadharmanAM paNa keTalAMka tattvo jaina rAmAyaNamAM bharyAM che.

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127 baddha ane jaina dharma baMne bhAratamAM janmyA ane vikasyA che. baMnee veda, varNavyavasthA, yajJa vagerene asvIkArI lokAcAra ane lokabhASAno Azraya lIdho che ane lokopayogI kathAsAhitya dvArA janatA- "loka sudhI pahoMcADavAno prayatna karyo che. AthI sAdhu-sUrio-munioe lokakathAono bharapUra upayoga karyo che. udAharaNa ke dRSTAMta rUpe kathA-lokakathAne sAMkaLavAnI vizeSa saphaLatA prAkRta bhASAnA upadezapadamAM joI zakAya che. upadezapadamAM jaina dharmanA mukhya siddhAMtone spaSTa karatA upadezanI sAthe dRSTAMta rUpe aneka lokakathAo prayojavAmAM AvI che. AthI uttarapurANa ane raoNma-sItamAnI vAratAnA ghaNA badhA prasaMgaghaTanAonI samAnatAno sahaja suyoga racAyo hoya evI dhAraNA thaI zake che. saMdarbha-sAhitya 1. uttarapurANa vize vadhu vigata mATe juo, rImathA : utpatti maura vivAra, pAvara mitta gunha, pR. 58-60, chaThThA saMskaraNa: 1999, prakAzakaH hiMdi pariSada, prayAga vizva vidyAlaya. raoNma-sItamAnI vAratA, saMpAdaka DaoN. bhagavAnadAsa paTela, bIjI AvRtti, 2011, bhAratIya bhASA saMsthAna, maisUra ane bhASA saMzodhana prakAzana kendra, vaDodarA __ bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra, saMpAdaka : zivakumAra gupta, pR. 115-116, pra. saM. 2002, rAjasthAna hidI graMtha akAdamI, jayapura 4. eNnnogrAphI oNpha enzienTa inDiyA, robarTa zephara, pR. 21 5. pravIna bhArata zI saMskRti maura sabhyatA, DI. . sosAvI

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16 vinoda kapAsI briTanamAM jaina dharma I. sa. 2011nI briTananI vastI-gaNatarI pramANe briTanamAM paMdara hajAra jeTalA jeno vase che. joke sAco AMkaDo to 30 hajArathI vadhAre jaino hoya tema mAnavAmAM Ave che. vastI-gaNatarInA phaoNrmamAM tamAro dharma kayo che te sahue jaNAvavAnuM hatuM. A mATe sahue eka khAnA para cokaDI mAravAnI hatI. phaoNrmamAM khristI, bauddha, hiMdu, muslima jevA mukhya dharmo ja darzAvelA hatA. tethI jainoe jyAM hiMdu lakhyuM hatuM tyAM ja TIka karyuM hoya te svAbhAvika che. joke amuka lokoe khAsa jaina lakhIne phormamAM jaNAvela ane te parathI jainonI saMkhyA 15thI 20 hajAranI vastI gaNatarImAM AvI che. vastI-gaNatarInI bAbatamAM uparokta vAta ka2vAno hetu e ja ke jaino pote ja potAno dharma eka svataMtra dharma che tema darzAvavAne badale hiMdu mAnIne saMtoSa anubhave che. A prakAranA mAnasane laIne keTalA jaino che teno sAco AMkaDo maLI zakato nathI. briTanamAM jainonA vasavATano itihAsa bahu prAcIna nathI. pUrva AphrikAnA dezomAM to vIsamI sadInI zarUAtathI jainoe vasavAnuM zarU karyuM hatuM. keTalAka osavALa sAhasiko to kadAca ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM tyAM gayelA tevA ullekho maLe che. 1947mAM bhAratane AjhAdI maLI te bAda dhIre dhIre AphrikAnA dezomAM svAtaMtryano nAda guMjavA lAgyo. paNa AnI sAthosAtha pUrva AphrikAmAM vaselA bhAratIyo mATe paristhiti pratikULa banavA lAgI. pUrva AphrikAnA be mukhya nagaro nairobI ane mombAsAmAM jainonI vastI sArA evA pramANamAM hatI. A sivAya nukuru, kaMkhAlI, jhIMjhA, eDana, sudAna, jhAMjhIbAra, dAresalAma vagere jagyAe paNa jaino vasatA hatA. A rIte

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briTanamAM jaina dharma 129 pUrva AphrikAmAM vIseka hajAra jainono vasavATa hato. nairobI ane mombAsAmAM to suMdara, bhavya derAsaro hajIye temanA bhavya bhUtakALanI sAkSI pUre che. pUrva AphrikAnI rAjakIya paristhiti badalAvA lAgI ane bhAratIya prajA aLakhAmaNI thavA lAgI tyAre ghaNA bhAratIyoe potAnA dhaMdhA, vasavATa choDIne bhArata ke brica javAnuM zarU karyuM. kenyA, yugAnDA vagere dezo briTananI hakUmata nIce hatAM tethI briTiza sarakAre bhAratIya prajAne briTanamAM AvavA dIdhI. 1972mAM idI amIne yugAnDA choDI javAnuM pharamAna bahAra pADIne tyAM vasatI bhAratIya prajAnI hakAlapaTTI karI. A rIte jotAM briTanamAM jainonA AgamananI zarUAta thavA lAgI. briTanamAM atyAre je jaino vase che tenA lagabhaga 75 TakA jaino to pUrva AphrikAnA dezomAMthI AvelA che. 25 TakA jeTalA jaino bhAratathI sIdhA briTana AvelA che. pUrva AphrikAmAM jainoe potAnI be mukhya saMsthAo UbhI karI hatI. jAmanagaranI AjahAjunA vistAro (hAlAra)thI AvelA ozavALa jainonI saMsthA moTI che. AphrikAmAM sthAyI thayelA ozavALa sivAyanA dazA zrImALI, vIsA zrImALI vagere jaino tathA ajaina vaNikoe potAnI saMsthA "navanAta vaNika esoziezana' nAmathI sthApI hatI. A baMne saMsthAnAM mULa UMDAM che ane sadhdhara che. tethI AphrikAthI AvelA jainoe ozavALa ane navanAtanA nAmathI potAnI saMsthAo briTanamAM paNa sthApI. ozavALonI vastI navanAtanA sabhyo karatAM lagabhaga pAMca gaNI che. briTanamAM lagabhaga I. sa. 2000nA varSa sudhImAM 30 hajArathI vadhAre jaino vasavATa karI rahyA hatA. 20OOnI sAla bAda briTiza sarakAre yuvA grejyueTone khAsa vIsA ApavAnI skIma dAkhala karI hatI te anvaye 1500thI 2000 jeTalAM yuvAna-yuvatIo briTanamAM AvyAM. keTaluM bhAratamAM grejyueTa thaIne vadhu abhyAsArthe AvIne temanA abhyAsa bAda ahIM sthAyI thayA che. A badhI bAbato jotAM briTanamAM 35,000 jeTalAM jaino vasavATa karI rahyA che. tema eka anumAna bAMdhI zakAya. A 35,000mAMthI 25,000 jeTalA bRhada laMDanamAM vase che. laMDananA uttara-pazcima 'vistAra jevAM ke brenTa, hero, bArneTamAM jainonI vastI savizeSa che. iMglenDamAM laMDanathI uttare 150 kilomITara dUranA lesTara zaheramAM 50,000 jeTalA gujarAtIo vase che. AmAMthI bethI aDhI hajAra jaino hoya ema svAbhAvika tAraNa nIkaLI zake. briTanamAM AvanAra jaina prajA potAnA dhArmika saMskAro ane vidhi-vidhAnonA jJAnano upayoga karIne potapotAnI rIte sAmAjika, dhArmika pravRttio karavA lAgI. jo ke paradezanI bhUmi para vasavATa arthe ke abhyAsArthe janArAnuM mukhya dhyeya to paisA kamAvAnuM ke abhyAsamAM AgaLa vadhIne vadhAre DigrIo meLavavAnuM hoya che. AthI ja navA AgaMtukonAM zarUAtanAM varSo sthira thavAmAM ke pagabhara thavAmAM ja vItatA hoya che. AphrikAnA dezomAMthI AvelA jainoe to temanI AphrikAnI paraMparA jALavI rAkhIne be moTI saMsthAo zarU karI dIdhI ja hatI. ozavALo AphrikAmAM kadAca vadhAre sAdhana-saMpanna ane sukhI hatAM. tethI temaNe ozavALa esoziezana dvArA jhaDapathI sAmAjika, dhArmika kAryo AgaLa vadhAryA. navanAta' prajAe paNa potAnI rIte ja dharma viSayaka kAryomAM tathA sAmAjika praznomAM rasa laIne potAnI saMsthAno- pAyo nAMkhyo. A baMne saMsthAono prathama dhyeya to e ja hato ke AphrikAthI

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130 vinoda kapAsI AvelA jaino - jeo eka- bIjAne nairobI, mombAsAM jevAM zaheromAM oLakhatA ja hatAM. teo briTanamAM temanA paricayo tAjA kare, haLe maLe ane ekabIjAne A dezamAM sthira thavAmAM sahAya kare. 1995thI 1970nA gALAmAM A navA jainoe hola bhADe rAkhIne pratikramaNa karavAnuM tathA nAnAmoTA prazaMso UjavavAnuM zarU karyuM. AvA prasaMgoe ja ekabIjAne khabara paDatI ke teo sahu AphrikAthI AvIne kyAM kyAM vaselA che. bhAratathI AvelA jaino jemAM gujarAtI, mAravADI, paMjAbI vagere sAmela hatA. teo prAraMbhe alaga paDI jatAM hatAM. teonAM anya sagAM-vahAlAM ke oLakhItA nahIvatuM hatAM. mAtra paryuSaNa jevA prasaMge teo kAryakramomAM bhAga letAM hatAM. 1972nA yugAnDAnA "eloDasa bAda ghaNA jainonuM paNa pharajiyAta sthaLAMtara thayuM ane teo briTanamAM AvIne vasyA. kenyA ane TAMjhAniyAthI paNa anya bhAratIya lokono pravAha to cAlu ja hato. hAlArI visA ozavALoe temanI saMsthA dvArA gatividhio vadhArI. * . . atyAre briTanamAM 30thI vadhAre jaina saMsthAo che temano have thoDo paricaya karI laIe. 30 jeTalI jaina saMsthAomAMthI mAtra cha-sAta evI saMsthAo che jenI pravRttio noMdhanIya banI rahe che. A mukhya saMsthAo sivAyanI bIjI saMsthAonuM kAryakSetra atyaMta sImita che yA to temanuM astitva thoDA kAryakaro ane bahu ochA kAryakramo para TakI rahyuM che. (1) ozavALa esoziezana oNpha yu.ke. : briTanamAM 15thI 20 hajAra jainone AvarI letI A saMsthAnuM mukhya kendra laMDananI uttare porTsa bAra nAnA gAmamAM che. 84 ekara jamInamAM patharAyelI A jagyA 1980mAM 414000 pAunDanA kharce kharIdavAmAM AvI hatI. jaMgyA lIdhA bAda dhIre dhIre ahIM vizALa "phaMkazana haoNla bAMdhavAmAM Avyo. A haoNlamAM upara-nIce 600 loko besI zake, jamI zake tevI sagavaDatAo upalabdha che. lagna jevA sAmAjika prasaMgoe A hola bhADe ApavAmAM Ave che ane saMsthA mATe AvakanuM eka sAdhana banI rahela che. haoNla sAthe nIce AvelA DAiniMga phesiliTI tathA vizALa kAra pArkiMganI suvidhAone laIne A haoNla bhADe levA mATe ekAda varSa agAu buka karAvavo paDe che ! ozavALa lokoe have to potAnI AgavI sUjha tathA nANAkIya sadhdharatAne laIne A jagyAe eka bhavya derAsaranuM nirmANa karela che. saMpUrNa bhAratIya praNAlikA pramANe taiyAra thayeluM A derAsara zAMtabharyA AphlAdaka vAtAvaraNamAM eka anokhI chApa UbhI kare che. ozavALonI mukhya saMsthAnA nejA heThaLa nava jeTalI vibhAgIya zAkhAo che. tathA anya sevAo ApatI peTA saMsthAo paNa che. bALako mATe bhASAnuM zikSaNa ApavA khAsa vargo cAle che. yuvako mATe baheno mATe tathA vRddhAvasthAnI Are AvelA vaDIlo mATe judI judI pravRttio cAlI rahI che. ozavALa esoziezane dakSiNa laMDanamAM paNa temanI pravRttio mATe 'mahAjana vADI' kharIdela che. sthAnika ozavALa bhAIbahenonuM A sAMskRtika kendra che. ane have 2012mAM laMDananA pazcimottara vistAra kinsabarImAM saMsthAe eka moTuM makAna

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briTanamAM jaina dharma 131 kharIdela che jenuM nAma "ekatA hAusa" ApavAmAM Avela che. A jagyAe paNa 300 vyaktio samAI zake tevo sabhAkhaMDa tathA khAvApIvAnI sagavaDatA mATe pUratI jagyA upalabdha che. (2) navanAta vaNika esosiezana : vaNika jJAtinA jaino tathA jainetarone sAMkaLI letI A saMsthA che. joke saMsthAmAM 80thI 90 TakA sabhyo to jaino ja che. saMsthAnI mULa sthApanA pUrva AphrikAmAM thaI hatI. jo ke briTananI saMsthA saMpUrNapaNe sadhdhara ane svataMtra che. navanAta vaNika esoziezana paNa atyAre jhaDapabhera pragatinA mArge AgaLa vadhI rahela saMsthA che. saMsthAnuM potAnuM makAna ane 18 ekara jagyA pazcima laMDananA heyajha vistAramAM Avela che. jagyA paraka00 vyaktio mATeno suMdara haoNla che. jamavAnI sagavaDatA mATe DAiniMga haoNla tathA bIjA aneka rUma che. 400thI vadhAre kAra pArka thaI zake tevI sagavaDatA che. | navarAtamAM paNa navanAta bhaginI samAja, navanAta yutha ane navanAta vaDIla maMDaLa jevI peTAsaMsthAo che je khUba ja suMdara pravRttio kare che. saMsthAnuM potAnuM mukhapatra "navanAta darpaNa" niyamita rIte prasiddha thAya che ane saMsthAnI gatividhiothI sabhyone mAhitagAra rAkhe che. ' (3) jaina samAja yuropa : laMDanathI uttare 100 mAIla dUra AvelA lesTara zaheramAM A saMsthAnuM mukhya mathaka che. lesTara zahera gujarAtIothI dhamadhame che. A zahera ane AjubAjunA vistAromAM 2000 jeTalAM jaino vase che. lesTaranA gujarAtIoe ahIM mInI gujarAta UbhuM karyuM - briTananuM prathama derAsara lesTaramAM thayuM che. I. sa. 1973mAM jaina samAja, lesTaranI sthApanA thaI hatI. I. sa. 1979nA sapTembaramAM A saMsthAe lesTaranI oNksapharDa sTrITa para eka jUnuM carca kharIduM. A carcanI bahAranI dIvAlo to e ja rahI paNa aMdara samULagA pheraphAro karIne derAsaranuM nirmANa karavAmAM Avela che. A senTaramAM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka derAsaranI sAthe sAthe upAzraya, gura sthAnaka, zrImad rAjacaMdra jJAnamaMdira, lAibrerI tathA bhojanakhaMDa che. zvetAmbara derAsaramAM mULanAyaka zrI zAMtinAtha bhagavAnanI 31 iMcanI mUrti che. anya mUrtiomAM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna tathA zrI mahAvIra svAmI che. A uparAMta padmAvatImAtA, ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIra, gautamasvAmI, zrI maNibhadra vIranI pratimAonI paNa sthApanA/pratiSThA karelI che. jesalameranA paththaromAMthI derAsaranA staMbho ane toraNo banAvelA che. A staMbhone bhAratIya kArIgaroe lesTaramAM taiyAra karyA hatA. jaina senTaranI makAnanI bahAranI dIvAlo para paNa suMdara ArasapahANanI TAilsa mUkIne suzobhita banAvela che. (4) insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojI : A eka viziSTa ane AgavuM sthAna dharAvatI pratiSThita saMsthA che. saMsthAnI oNphisa briTana ane bhAratamAM che. te kAryarata che ane sAmAjika, rAjakIya ane anya kSetromAM jaina dharmano prasAra-pracAra karavAmAM Ave che. insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojIe laMDanamAM bakiMgahAma pelesamAM jaino vatI jaina Deklerezana ona necara arpaNa karyuM hatuM. A samArohamAM upasthita jaina DeligezanamAM bhAratanA e veLAnA hAIkamizanara DaoN. ela. ema. siMghavI agraNI

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132 vinoda kapAsI hatA. A aitihAsika dastAveja jaina dharmanA paryAvaraNaviSayaka siddhAMtone suMdara rIte vaNI le che. insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojIe veTikanamAM nAmadAra popa sAthe jaina agraNIonI mulAkAta goThavI hatI. A sivAyanAM saMsthAnAM mukhya kAryomAM 'tattvArthasUtra'no aMgrejImAM anuvAda ane senTa jemsa pelesamAM vimocana tathA briTanamAM sacavAyelI jaina dharmanI prAcIna ane amUlya hastapratonuM keTalogiMga. A baMne kAryoe insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojIne vizvamAM AgavuM sthAna prApta karAvela che. tAjetaramAM jaina dharmanAM bALako mATenAM prAthamika pustakanA prakAzana kSetre paNa A saMsthAe pahela karI che. (5) mahAvIra phAunDezana : 1987mAM pAMca TrasTIoe sthApelI A saMsthA nAnI che paNa tenuM mAnavaMtuM sthAna che. bRhada laMDananA kaMnTana vistAramAM mukhya rAjamArga para eka suMdara derAsaranuM nirmANa karIne sthAnika lokonA prema ane AziSa meLavela che. kenTana, hero, vembalI vistAra, je A derAsaranI pAMca kilomITaranI trijyAmAM AvelA che. temAM pAMca-sAta hajAra jaino vase che. kenTana derAsaranI zarUAta Ama to 199pamAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. paraMtu 2012mAM ja aMjanazalAkA karelI pratimAonI vidhivat pratiSThA karavAmAM AvI. mULanAyaka zrI mahAvIra svAmInI 23 iMcanI pratimA che. ane te sAthe pArzvanAtha prabhu, AdinAtha bhagAna sImaMdhara svAmI, munisuvrata svAmI, zrI padmAvatI mAtA, zrI mANibhadra vIra, gautama svAmI, sarasvatIdevInI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI che. A sivAya zrI ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIra tathA zrI nAkoDA bhairavanI sthApanA paNa karavAmAM Avaze. kRpALudeva zrImad rAjacaMdranI chabInI sthApanA paNa karavAmAM AvI che. mahAvIra phAunDezana dvArA paryuSaNa parva, mahAvIra janmakalyANaka tathA anya jaina parvo dhAmadhUmathI ujavavAmAM Ave che. saMsthA dvArA bALakonA dhArmika vargo paNa cAle che. mahAvIra phAunDezananuM derAsara jaina vastIthI nikaTatama che ane rAjamArga para che tethI darzanArthIo sahuthI vizeSapaNe jovAmAM Ave che. sthApita karelI pratimAjIo prAcIna hovAthI lokomAM AsthA paNa vizeSa che. (9) vIrAyatana yu.ke. : AcAryazrI caMdanAjI dvArA vIrAyatananI pravRttio vihAramAM mahArASTramAM tathA kaccha gujarAtamAM supere vistarelI che. laMDanamAM vIrAyatana yu. ke. dvArA jaina dharmanA vargo cAle che ane sevAkIya pravRttio thAya che. (7) jaine neTa varka : A saMsthA dvArA kolInDela vistAramAM verahAusa kharIdavAmAM AvelAM te imAratane toDIne suMdara derAsara tathA upAzraya kenTIna, rahevAnA phleTsa bAMdhavAnI jarUrI maMjUrI maLI gayelI che. ane have TUMka samayamAM bAMdhakAmanI pravRtti zarU thaze tevI dhAraNA che. (8) yaMga jainsa : briTananA jaina yuvakonI A saMsthA yuvAnomAM jaina dharmano prasAra kare che. tenA kAryakaro kaMIka navI ja paddhatio ane navA dRSTikoNa sAthe adyatana TekanolojInA sahAre sAruM kAma kare

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briTanamAM jaina dharma 133 upara jaNAvelI saMsthAo uparAMta zrI dharamapura Azrama (yu.ke.) pUjyazrI rAkezabhAI jhaverInA mArgadarzana heThaLa tathA zrI rAja sobhAga satsaMga maMDaLa yu.ke. pUjyazrI nalinabhAI koThArInA mArgadarzana heThaLa kAryarata che. anya saMsthAomAM - zrI navayuga jaina pragati maMDaLa, zrI bhakti maMDaLa, digaMbara vIsA mevADA esosiezana, zrI digaMbara jainsa, vaNika esosiezana, mAMcesTara jaina saMgha, yaMga inDiyana vejITeriyansa vagere gaNanApAtra che. jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthA Ama to bhAratamAM khUba ja jANItI che, paNa briTanamAM avAranavAra bhAratathI samaNIjIo padhAre che. samaNIvRMdanI tyAgavRtti ane jJAna sahune sparzI jAya che. teo prekSAdhyAnanA vargo paNa calAvatAM hoya che. briTananA agraNI jeno : (1) zrI ratilAla caMdarayA : ratilAla caMdarayA eka atyaMta saphaLa udyogapati hatA. vizvanA aneka dezomAM temanuM kAryakSetra vikaseluM hatuM paNa eka dhanADhya vyakti hovA uparAMta eka sAcA samAjasevaka paNa hatA. atyAre deza-paradezamAM vasatA gujarAtIomAM gujarAtI leksikonanA sthApaka tarIke teo mAnavaMtu sthAna dharAve che. emaNe gujarAtI leksikonano je rIte vikAsa karyo tethI teo eka preraNAdAyI puruSa banyA. ratibhAI caMdarayA insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojI (laMjanabhArata)nA sthApaka-caeNramaeNna hatA. teonuM navuM varSanI vaye 2013nI 13mI okTobare muMbaImAM avasAna thayuM. yogAnuyoga emano janma ane avasAna baMne vijayAdazamIne divase thayA. (2) zrI nemubhAI caMdarayA : bhAratanA bhUtapUrva iMglenDa khAtenA hAIkamizanara sadgata zrI ela. ema. siMghavI nemubhAIne karmaTha 'lAiva vAyara" kahetA hatA. insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojInA eka agresara evA nemubhAIne briTiza sarakAre o.bI.I.nA mAnavaMtA khitAbathI navAjyA che. nemubhAImAM deza-videzanA agraNIone eka maMca para sAthe lAvavAnI eka kuzaLatA ane kAryadakSatA che. nemubhAI udyogapati paNa che. teo peTrokemikala ane anya vyavasAyonuM suMdara rIte saMcAlana kare * che. (3) DaoN. naTubhAI zAha : lesTaranuM jaina derAsara temanA parizrama ane dhagazanuM sAkSI che. atyAre jaina neTavarka dvArA laMDananA kolInDela vistAramAM derAsara karavAnA kAryamAM pravRttimaya che. briTanamAM inTarapheitha muvamenTathI sarvadharmasamabhAvano pracAra karavAmAM ane jaina dharma vize ajainone mAhitagAra karavAmAM naTubhAIno phALo nAnosUno nathI. temane emabI.I.no khitAba maLelo che. teo rITAyarDa jI.pI. che. (4) DaoN. vinoda kapAsI : vyavasAye sivila enjiniyara paNa jaina dharmanA UMDA abhyAsI zrI vinoda kapAsIe "navasmaraNa'nA viSaya para pIeca.DI. meLavela che. mahAvIra phAunDezananA sthApaka tathA soLa varSathI pramukha tarIkenI temanI sevAothI temaNe laMDanamAM lokacAhanA meLavI che. jaina sozyala grUpa miDalasekSanA sthApaka pramukha paNa hatAM. kaeNnTana derAsaranI sthApanAmAM teozrI tathA temanAM dharmapatnI sudhAbahenano sauthI mahattvano phALo che. sevAbhAvI kAryakArI sabhyonA sAtha-sahakArathI teo sthAnika jainone derAsara ApavAmAM saphaLa rahyA che.

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134 | vinoda kapAsI zrI vinoda kapAsI, varlDa koMgresa oNpha pheithanA TrasTI che ane temaNe pote soLa pustako lakhelAM che jemAM be gujarAtI navalakathAno samAveza thAya che. temanA hemasiddhi ane navasmaraNa paranAM be pustako temanI varSonI saMzodhanapravRttinA arka samAna che. teo anya viSayo para paNa lakhe che. (5) zrI nItina mahetA : yaMga inDiyana vejITeriyansanA pramukha nItinabhAIe zAkAhArIpaNAno pracAra karavAmAM je kArya karela che te khUba ja anumodanIya che. temane briTiza sarakAra taraphathI ema.bI.I.no khitAba maLela che. nItinabhAIne moTarakAra sperapArTsano potAno vyavasAya che. teozrI aMgrejo dvArA calAvAtI briTiza pAMjarApoLane madada kare che ane jIvadayA mATe sahune protsAhita kare che. uparanA mahAnubhAvo uparAMta dakSiNa laMDananI eka agraNI jaina saMsthA "vaNika esosiezana yu.ke.nA pramukha zrI cImanalAla amarazI zAha, zrI rAjasobhAga satsaMga maMDaLa - yu.ke.nA agraNI ane insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojInA TrasTI zrI jayasukhabhAI mahetA, zrI dharamapura mizana - yu.ke.nA agraNI zrI mayUra mahetA, insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojInA zrI harSada saMgharAja kA tathA zrI mehula saMgharAjakA, ozavALanA zrI ratibhAI zAha, tuSAra zAha, azvina zAha, navanIta vaNikanA zrI subhASa lakhAI ane bhUpendra zAha, bhaktimaMDaLanA praphullAbahena zAha tathA kesubhAI vrajapALa zAha, vIrAyatana - yu.ke nA mahendra mahetA, rohita mahetA, kizora zAha vagereno phALo noMdhanIya che. kadAca briTanamAM ocho paNa briTanamAM AvatAM pahelAM AphrikAmAM potAnA jIvananAM mahattvanAM varSo jinadharma sevA karavAmAM gALanArA kezavalAla rUpazI zAha tathA zrI somacaMda lAdhAnA nAmo paNa gaNAnApAtra che. zrI kezavalAla rUpazI zAhanA cArTarDa ekAunTanTa putra zrI atula zAhe potAnA taMtrIpade "jaina spiriTa' megejhIna potAnA prANa reDIne calAvela. atyAre to A megejhIna nANAkIya takalIphone laIne baMdha thaI gayela che. amerikAnI jema briTanamAM jainonI saMsthA "pheDarezana' briTanamAM nathI. zrI vinoda kapAsI, praphullAbahena zAha, DaoN. naTubhAI zAha, zrI mahendra mahetA jevA mahAnubhAvoe A dizAmAM ghaNA prayatno karyA che paNa hajI sudhI pheDarezananI sthApanA karavAmAM saphaLatA maLI nathI. jene zikSaNanAM sAdhano, saMsthAo : skUla opha orIenTala eNnDa Aphrikana sTaDijha esaoeesa dvArA jaina dharmamAM bI.e., ema.e. ke pIeca.DI. karI zakAya che. AmAM DaoN. pITara phyugala jeo jarmana che paraMtu jainadharmamAM UMDo rasa laIne abhyAsa kare che te gAiDa tarIke sevA Ape che. vIrAyatana - yu.ke. dvArA caMdanA vidyApITha calAvAya che. temAM vinoda kapAsI tathA rAjIva zAha ane dakSiNa laMDanamAM harSada saMgharAja kA zikSaNa Ape che "ahata Taca'nA nAmathI zrI rAjacaMdra dharamapura mizana - yu.ke. bALako mATe jaina dharmanA vargo calAve che. temAM yuvAna-yuvatI zikSaNa ApanArA utsAhIo bALakomAM sArI jAgRti ANe che. mahAvIra phAunDezananA nejA heThaLanI jaina pAThazALAmAM bhAratIya Dhave sUtro zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. A pAThazALAmAM nAnAM nAnAM bhUlakAo paNa caityavaMdananAM sUtro kaDakaDATa bolI zake che.

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briTanamAM jaina dharma anya kSetre jainonuM pradAna : : udyoga ane vANijya kSetre paNa AgaLa evA be nAmo ApaNe joyAM. teo che H zrI ratibhAI caMdarayA ane zrI nemubhAI caMdarayA. A uparAMta eka-be moTA parivAro che temanA nAmo paNa briTanamAM jANItAM che. zrI haMsarAjabhAI zAha jaina dharmanA eka dAnavIra zreSThI che. ane temanA suputro maniSabhAI, bharatabhAI sigmA phArmAsyuTikala nAmanI eka moTI kaMpanInA mAliko che. davAnA kSetre sigmAnuM nAma briTanamAM jANItuM che. 135 hoTala mAlikInA kSetre zrI kuleza zAha che. kulezabhAI laMDanamAM ghaNI nAnI-moTI hoTelonA mAlika che. cArTarDa ekAunTanTanI peDhImAM pI.esa.De. elekajhAnDara ane dozI eNnDa ku. nAmo vizeSa jANItAM che. TrAvelamAM sITI bronDa TrAvela paNa jaina mAlikInI kaMpanI che. poliTiksamAM jaino khAsa bhAga letA nathI paNa eka nAma khAsa ullekhanIya che. te che zrI navIna zAha. navInabhAI laMDananA hero baronA kAunsilara to che ja paraMtu teozrI laMDananA mukhya meyaranI AlIzAna oNphisamAM esemblI membara paNa che ane meyaranA eka porTapholiyonA agraNI che. teo brenTa ane hero vistAravatI esembalImAM pratinidhitva kare che. navInabhAI hero kAunsilanA lIDara paNa rahI cUkyA che. navInabhAInAM dharmapatnI rekhAbahena zAha paNa heronA eka kAunsilara che. brenTa vistAramAM kAunsilara zrI ketana zeTha paNa suMdara kAmagIrI bajAve che.

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"nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna [maMcanakalAnI daSTie nATyazAstrIya graMthomAM gujarAtanivAsI jainadharmI rAmacandraguNacandraracita "nATyadarpaNa" ananya sthAna dharAve che. bharatamunikRta nATyazAstra' ane dhanaMjayakRta 'dazarUpaka' pachI nATyakalAsaMbaMdhI ati mahattvano graMtha te "nATyadarpaNa', jemAM bharata tathA dhanaMjayanA matonuM khaMDana karI racanAkAre potAnA maulika mato prasthApita karyA che jene lIdhe A graMtha, saMskRta vAlmaya kSetre gujarAtanA apUrva yogadAnarUpa graMtha banI gayo che. AcArya hemacaMdranA A be prabuddha ziSyoe rasa-vivecanamAM eka navo siddhAMta prasthApita karyo che - suvraHstrAtmo rasa (/6) - arthAt rasa kevaLa AnaMdarUpa nahIM paraMtu sukhaduHkhAtmaka hoya che. temanA mate zRMgAra, hAsya, vIra, adbhuta ane zAnta A pAMca rasa sukhAtmaka che. jyAre karuNa, raudra, bIbhatsa ane bhayAnaka A cAra rasa duHkhAtmaka che. A temano nitAnta maulika, apUrva ane Agavo evo mata che. nATyadarpaNa'nA caturtha viveka eTale ke cothA prakaraNamAM rAmacandra-guNacandra "anya rUpako' e mathALA heThaLa kula 13 rUpakonAM lakSaNa nirUpyAM che. A anya 13 rUpako te saTTaka, zrIgadita, durmilitA, prasthAna, goSThI, hallIsaka, nartanaka, prekSaNaka, rAsaka, nATyazAsaka, kAvya, bhANaka ane bhANikA. abhinavagupta A rUpakone nRtyapravArI tarIke oLakhAvyA che. jyAre "sAhityadarpaNa'kAra vizvanAthe temano 'uparUpaka' evI spaSTa pAribhASika saMjJA heThaLa ullekha karI temane "rUpaka'nA lagabhaga nikaTavartI (upa eTale najIka) gaNAvyA che. anya nATyazAstrIya graMthomAM teno geya-rUpaka, nRtta-rUpaka, maheza caMpakalAla

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nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna 137 nRtya-prabaMdha vagere saMjJAo dvArA ullekha thayo che. Ama, "rUpaka' ane "uparUpakamAM pAyAno bheda rahelo che. uparUpakomAM nRtta, nRtya, gIta ane saMgItanuM prAdhAnya hoya che jyAre rUpakomAM nATyanuM prAdhAnya hoya che. uparUpaka mukhyatve zArIrika ceSTAo ke AMgika abhinaya ane nRtya-saMgIta sAthe saMlagna che jyAre rUpakamAM sAttvika tathA itara abhinaya prakAro para vadhu bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che evo zrI DolararAya mAMkaDano abhiprAya che. sAhityadarpaNakAra ane nATyadarpaNakAre anukrame "uparUpako' ane "anya rUpako' evI be bhinna saMjJAo heThaLa uparyukta rUpakonAM je lakSaNa nirUpyAM che temAM bhinnatA pravarte che. vizvanAthe, 'uparUpaka' saMjJA ApI hovA chatAM temaNe nirUpelAM lakSaNomAM nRtya ane saMgItanI pradhAnatA jovA maLatI nathI. temAM rasa, saMdhi, nAyaka-nAyikA, aMkasaMkhyA vagere rUpakagata tattvonA vivaraNanI bharamAra che je temane "rUpaka'nI najIka laI javAno udyama darzAve che. rAmacandra-guNacandra temane "anya rUpaka' tarIke oLakhAvI temanAM vividha lakSaNo nirUpyAM che jemAM nRtya ane saMgItanI pradhAnatA sUcavatAM lakSaNo jovA maLe che. "sAhityadarpaNa" ane "nATyadarpaNa'mAM A pAyAno bheda rahelo che. uparUpakomAM nRtta, nRtya, gIta tathA saMgItanuM prAdhAnya hovAthI te Performing ArtsmaMcanakalAo sAthe savizeSapaNe saMkaLAyelAM che. rUpakomAM nRtta, nRtya ane saMgItanI sarakhAmaNImAM pADya" saMvAdanuM prAdhAnya hovAthI temane bhajavaNInI kalA uparAMta sAhityanI kalA (Literary Art)nuM svarUpa paNa prApta thayuM che. "abhinavabhAratI'thI "nATyadarpaNa" parvatanA graMthomAM je lakSaNo nirUpavAmAM AvyAM che te uparUpakomAM jovA maLatA nRtta, nRtya, AMgika abhinaya, gIta-saMgIta vagerenA prAdhAnyane mukhyatve iMgita kare che. jyAre "sAhityadarpaNa'mAM nirUpavAmAM AvelAM lakSaNo tenA sAhityika svarUpanI pradhAnatAno nirdeza kare che je uparUpakonI utkrAMtino Alekha banI rahe che. vizvanAthe jemane uparUpako tarIke oLakhAvyA che temAMnA moTA bhAganA "nRtyaprakAro' tarIke prAcInakALathI jANItA hatA. temAM kathAnuM tattva haze paNa te gItanA svarUpamAM haze ane pAchaLathI temAMnA abhinaya, saMgIta ane nRtya sAthe pAThya-saMvAdanuM tattva umerAyuM haze. "nATyadarpaNathI sAhityadarpaNa" sudhInI A yAtrA uparUpakonI utkrAMti darzAve che. pratyeka uparUpakonAM lakSaNone A dRSTie sarakhAvavAthI muddo vadhu spaSTa banaze. (1) saTTaka : agnipurANa'nA racayitA vaipAyane (I. sa. navamI sadInA madhya bhAga) lakSaNo ApyA vinA 17 uparUpakono nAmanirdeza karyo che temAM saTTakano ullekha che. "abhinavabhAratI'nA racayitA abhinavagupta (I. sa. 975-1015) vRttaprArA zIrSaka heThaLa 9 uparUpakonAM lakSaNa ApyAM che temAM saTTakano ullekha nathI. joke "saidhava lAsyAMga ke je prAkRta bhASAmAM ja racAvuM joIe tenI carcA karatI vakhate abhinavagupta saTTakano ullekha karatAM kahe che ke rAjazekhare "kapUramaMjarI' nAmanuM ne "saTTaka prakAranuM AkhuM nATaka prAkRtamAM lakhyuM che, kema ke prAkRta bhASA zRMgArarasa mATe taddana yogya che. "dazarUpakanA avalokanakAra dhanike nAmanirdeza vinA "avalokamAM uddhata karelA eka zlokamAM 7 uparUpakono nirdeza thayelo che paNa temAM "saTTakano ullekha nathI. "zRMgAraprakAza'nA racayitA bhoje

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138 maheza caMpakalAla (I. sa. 1010-1055) 12 uparUpakono nirdeza karI temanI vyAkhyA ApI che. temAM paNa saTTaka'no ullekha nathI. temaNe saTTakane 'uparUpaka' nahIM paraMtu rUpaka'no eka prakAra mAnyo che. ane rAjazekharakRta "kapUramaMjarI'nA AdhAre tenuM lakSaNa nirUpyuM che. kAvyAnuzAsanakAra hemacaMdra (I. sa. 1088-1172) 12 uparUpakono ullekha karI temanAM lakSaNo saMkSiptamAM varNavyAM che temAM paNa saTTakanI vyAkhyA nathI. "saka'ne temaNe bhojane anusarI rUpakano ja eka prakAra gaNyo che. nATyadarpaNa' anusAra "saTTaka'mAM pravezaka ane viSkalaMkano abhAva hoya che ane temAM eka ja bhASA(saMskRta athavA prAkRta)no prayoga thAya che arthAt temAM saMskRta ane prAkRtanuM mizraNa hotuM nathI. paraMtu "sAhityadarpaNa" anusAra "saTTaka'mAM saMpUrNa pAThyabhAga kevaLa prAkRta bhASAmAM ja racavAmAM Ave che. (saTTakanI racanA AdithI aMta sudhI prAkRta bhASAmAM ja hovAnuM sAhityadarpaNakArane abhipreta che. A lakSaNa kevaLa "kapUramaMjarIne dhyAnamAM rAkhI ApavAmAM AvyuM hovAnI saMbhAvanA che.) vaLI "sAhityadarpaNa' anusAra temAM pravezaka tathA viSkarbhaka prayukta thatA nathI. abhuta rasanI pracuratA hoya che. tenA aMkone "javanikAntara' kahevAmAM Ave che. anya bAbato - kathAvastu, aMkasaMkhyA, nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, vRtti, saMdhi, vagere - nATikAnA jevI hoya che. tenuM udAharaNa "kapUramaMjarI' che. nATyadarpaNa" ane "sAhityadarpaNa" - A baMne graMthoe "saTTakanAM je lakSaNo nirUpyAM che temAM kyAMya nRtta/nRtya-gIta/saMgIta'nI pradhAnatAno nirdeza thayo nathI. tethI kadAca "nATyadarpaNa' ane bhAvaprakAzana' sivAya moTA bhAganA nATyazAstrIya graMthoe teno uparUpaka rUpe ullekha karyo nathI. tene rU5kano ja eka bheda gaNavAnuM valaNa dAkhavyuM che. (2) zrIgadita : "sAhityadarpaNa" anusAra temAM eka aMka hoya che ane tenuM kathAvastu prasiddha hoya che. teno nAyaka prakhyAta ane udAtta eTale ke dhIrodAtta hoya che. tenI nAyikA paNa prasiddha hoya che ane temAM garbha ane vimarza sivAyanI sandhio prayojAya che. bhAratIvRttinuM prAcarya hoya che ane "zrI' zabdano prayoga adhika mAtrAmAM thAya che. "sAhityadarpaNa' anusAra keTalAka AlaMkArikonA mata pramANe lakSmIno veSa dhAraNa karelI nAyikA raMgamaMca para besIne kazuMka gAtI ane paThana karatI darzAvavAmAM Ave che tethI paNa te "zrIgadita' nAmathI oLakhAya che. Ama sAhityadarpaNe rUpakagata tattvo aMka, kathAvastu, nAyaka-nAyikA, saMdhi, vRtti vagerenA AdhAre "zrIgadita'nAM lakSaNo nirUpyAM che. anya AlaMkArikono mata TAMkI temAM gIta-saMgItanA prAdhAnyane iMgita karyuM che kharuM ! bhojanA "zRMgAraprakAza'ne zabdazaH anusarI nATyadarpaNakAre zrIgaditanAM lakSaNo spaSTa karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke tenI nAyikA koI kulAMganA hoya che. jema dAnavazatru arthAt viSNunI patnI zrI eTale ke lakSmI potAnA pati(viSNu)nA guNonuM varNana kare che tema nAyikA paNa potAnI sakhI samakSa patinAM zaurya, vairya, Adi guNonuM varNana kare che. patithI vipralabdhA thaI koI gItamAM tene upAlaMbha paNa Ape che. vaLI temAM padano abhinaya arthAt bhAvano abhinaya karavAmAM Ave che. (arthAtuM temAM vAkya eTale ke rasano abhinaya karavAmAM Avato nathI.)

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'nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna 'abhinavabhAratI'mAM zrIgaditano ullekha viAda' saMjJAthI karavAmAM Avyo che. ahIM vipralabdhA nAyikA potAnI sakhI AgaLa potAnA patinA durvyavahAra vize vAta kare che. 139 abhinavabhAratI, zRMgAraprakAza ane nATyadarpaNamAM zrIgaditanuM je lakSaNa nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che te 'sAhityadarpaNa'mAM nirUpavAmAM AvelA lakSaNa karatAM taddana bhinna tarI Ave che. 'sAhityadarpaNa'mAM aMka, kathAvastu, vRtti, saMdhi vagere pAThyagata-nATyalekhananI dRSTie upayogI evAM tattvonI dRSTie 'zrIgadita'nA svarUpanI chaNAvaTa karavAmAM AvI che jyAre 'nATyadarpaNa'mAM maMcanakalAnI dRSTie, Performing ArtnI dRSTie tenuM svarUpa nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. ahIM nAyikA jANe maMca upara viSNupatnI lakSmIno veSa dhAraNa karI nartana ane gAyana dvArA sakhI AgaLa 'padAbhinaya', 'bhAvAbhinaya' thakI potAnA patinA guNa-avaguNa varNave che. sakhI AgaLa karavAmAM AvatuM nivedana kevaLa zabdagata hotuM nathI paNa nRtya ane gItathI sabhara hoya che te 'padAbhinaya' saMjJA dvArA sUcavavAmAM AvyuM che. 'bharatanATyam'mAM Aje paNa 'varNam' aMtargata A prakArano 'padAbhinaya' karavAmAM Ave che. gIta-nRtya dvArA nAyikA sakhI samakSa patinA guNa-avaguNanuM nivedana kare che. Ama 'sAhityadarpaNa'thI viparIta abhinavabhAratI, zRMgAraprakAza ane nATyadarpaNamAM 'zrIgadita'nuM nRtta/nRtya ane gItanuM prAdhAnya sUcavatuM ne raMgamaMcIya svarUpa spaSTa karatuM lakSaNa nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. (3) durmilitA : 'sAhityadarpaNa'mAM 'durmilitA'nA sthAne 'durmallI' saMjJA prayojavAmAM AvI che ane tenuM lakSaNa A pramANe nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM cAra aMka hoya che. te kaizikI tathA bhAratI vRttithI yukta hoya che. temAM garbhasandhi prayojAtI nathI. tenAM puruSapAtro kalAkuzaLa ane catura (nAgara-nA) hoya che. nAyaka nimna prakRtino hoya che. teno prathama aMka traNa nADikA(arthAt cha ghaDI)no hoya che jemAM viTanI krIDAnuM varNana karavAmAM Ave che. bIjo aMka pAMca nADikA (eTale ke dasa ghaDI)no hoya che. jemAM vidUSakanA vilAsanuM nirUpaNa thAya che. trIjo aMka sAta nADikA (arthAt cauda ghaDI)no hoya che ane temAM pIThamardanA vilAsanuM Alekhana thAya che. cotho aMka dasa nADikA (arthAt vIsa ghaDI)no hoya che ane temAM agragaNya nagarajana(nAgara)nI krIDAnuM varNana karavAmAM Ave che. Ama, 'sAhityadarpaNa'mAM rUpakagata tattvo aMkasaMkhyA, aMkavastu, sandhi, vRtti, nAyaka vagerenA AdhAre lakSaNa nirUpI tenuM sAhityika svarUpa spaSTa karI ApavAmAM AvyuM che paraMtu 'nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparyukta tattvono koI ullekha nathI. 'nATyadarpaNa' anusAra temAM koI dUtI ekAntamAM grAmya-azlIla kathA dvArA yuvaka-yuvatIonA premanuM varNana ane temanA caurya2tano bheda pragaTa kare che. e viSe salAha paNa Ape che ane nIca jAtinI hovAne lIdhe dhananI yAcanA kare che. vadhu ne vadhu dhana meLavavA icche che. 'zrIgadita'nI jema ahIM paNa gIta-nRtyasabhara varNana thatuM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. pharaka mAtra

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140 maheza caMpakalAla eTalo ke "zrIgadita'mAM kulAMganA patinA guNa-avaguNa varNave che jyAre ahIM nIca strI azlIla bhASAmAM yuvaka-yuvatInA anurAga ane cauryaratanuM varNana kare che. A varNana nRtya-gItathI sabhara na hoya to taddana zuSka banI jAya. vaLI kathAvastu pAMkhuM hovAthI te nRtya-gIta vinA lAMbo samaya cAlI zake paNa nahIM. (4) prasthAna : "sAhityadarpaNa' anusAra prasthAnamAM nAyaka tarIke dAsa, viTa, ceTa vagere koI sevaka hoya che ane upanAyaka tenA karatAM paNa UtaratI kakSAno hoya che. nAyikA dAsI hoya che. temAM kaizikI tathA bhAratI vRtti prayojAya che. madirApAnanA saMyogathI iSTa arthanI siddhi thAya che. temAM be aMko hoya che ane laya, tAla vaDe paripUrNa saMgItAtmaka vilAsanuM temAM bAhulya hoya che. sAhityadarpaNakAre "prasthAna'nuM lakSaNa nAyaka-nAyikA, vRtti, aMkasaMkhyA vagere pArzvagata tattvonA AdhAre nirUpyuM hovA chatAM te laya, tAlathI yukta evI AMgika ceSTAo tathA gItasaMgItathI sabhara hovAnuM paNa noMdhyuM che. nATyadarpaNa" anusAra temAM prathama anurAga, mAna, pravAsa, zRMgArara thI yukta varSA tathA vasaMtaRtunuM varNana hoya che. te utkaMThA pradarzaka sAmagrI vaDe paripUrNa hoya che. aMtamAM vIrarasanuM Alekhana thayuM hoya che. te cAra apasArathI yukta hoya che. "apasAra' e saMgIta ane nRtyanI paribhASika saMjJA che. nATyadarpaNakAra tenI vyAkhyA nRtyajInAni ghaNuM capasAra | arthAt nRtya dvArA vibhAjita khaMDa eTale apasAra" ema Ape che. nATyadarpaNakAre "prasthAna'nuM ApeluM uparyukta lakSaNa bhojanA "zRMgAraprakAzane zabdazaH anusare che. "abhinavabhAratI'mAM "prasthAna'nuM bhinna lakSaNa jovA maLe che. tadanusAra temAM tAMDava ane lAsya baMne zailIo prayojAya che tema chatAM 'lAsya'nuM bAhulya hoya che. vaLI temAM hAthI vagere prANIonI ceSTAonuM anukaraNa paNa thatuM hoya che. 'vaNaga' (saMgItakalAno pAribhASika zabda) e prasthAnanI AgavI vizeSatA che. abhinavabhAratI', "zRMgAraprakAza" ane "nATyadarpaNa'mAM nirUpavAmAM AvelAM prasthAna'nAM lakSaNo uparUpakamAM rahelI nRtya, saMgItanI pradhAnatA ane pAkyanI alpatAne iMgita kare che ane e rIte "sAhityadarpaNamAM nirUpavAmAM AvelA pAThyapradhAnatA sUcavatA lakSaNathI te bhinna tarI Ave che. "laya- tAla vaDe paripUrNa saMgItAtmaka vilAsa" A lakSaNane nRtya ane saMgItanI pAribhASika saMjJAo "apasAra ane varNAga' vaDe vadhu spaSTa karI ApavAmAM AvyuM che. (5) goSThIH "sAhityadarpaNa' anusAra temAM nava ke dasa sAdhAraNa koTinA puruSo tathA pAMca ke cha strIonuM carita varNavavAmAM Ave che. AthI temAM udAtta vacano prayojAtAM nathI. temAM kezikI vRttinI pradhAnatA hoya che. zRMgArarasanAM traNa svarUpomAMthI kAmazRMgAranI pracuratA hoya che. temAM garbha ane vimarza sivAyanI sandhio hoya che. aMka eka ja hoya che. tenuM udAharaNa "revatamadanikA' che.

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'nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna sAhityadarpaNakA2no uddezya 'uparUpaka'ne 'rUpaka'nI najIka laI javAno hoI pAtra, kathAnaka, sandhi, rasa, vRtti aMka vagere rUpakagata tattvonA AdhAre 'goSThI'nuM lakSaNa nirUpyuM che. 141 bhojanA'zRMgAraprakAza'ne anusarI nATyadarpaNakAre goSThInuM je lakSaNa varNavyuM che te 'sAhityadarpaNa' karatAM taddana bhinna prakAranuM che. ahIM 'jemAM goSThamAM vihAra karatA kRSNanA' riSTAsuravadha vagere jevA vyApAranuM pradarzana karavAmAM Ave tene 'goSThi' kahe che, evuM lakSaNa nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. kRSNa dvArA riSTAsuravadha raMgamaMca upara pradarzita karavAmAM Ave tyAre temAM 'pAThya'nI jagyAe AMgika ceSTAo, nRtta-nRtya tathA gIta-saMgItanI pradhAnatA hoya te svAbhAvika che. nATyadarpaNakAre ahIM sAhityika svarUpa nahIM paraMtu raMgamaMcIya svarUpa - Performing Artne lakSyamAM rAkhIne 'goSThi'nuM lakSaNa nirUpyuM che. (7) hallIsaka : 'sAhityadarpaNa' anusAra hallIza/hallIsa athavA hallIsakamAM eka ja aMka hoya che. udAtta vANI vadanAra vApaTutA dharAvato eka nAyaka hoya che ane sAta, ATha ke dasa strIo nAyikAo hoya che. kaizikI vRtti hoya che. mukha ane nirvahaNa sandhi hoya che tathA anekavidha tAla ane laya hoya che (bahutAlalaya sthitaH) tenuM udAharaNa 'keliraivatakam' che. sAhityadarpaNakAre aMka, nAyaka-nAyikA, vRtti, sandhi vagere rUpakagata tattvonA AdhAre hallIlakanA pAThyasvarUpa(Text)ne spaSTa karI ApyuM che. taduparAMta 'tAla ane layanI anekavidhatA' lakSaNanA AdhAre tenA raMgamaMcIya svarUpano paNa aNasAra Apyo che. bhoje 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa'mAM nirUpelA lakSaNane zabdazaH anusarI nATyadarpaNakAra 'hallIsaka'nI paribhASA A pramANe Ape che. 'hallAsaka' eTale strIonuM maMDala AkAra banAvI nAcavuM te. gopIonI vacce kRSNanI jema temAM eka nAyaka hoya che. hallIsaka eTale strIonuM maMDalAkAre arthAt goLAkAre nAcavuM ema kahI nATyadarpaNakAre zuddha rUpe hallIsakanuM raMgamaMcIya svarUpa nirUpyuM che. garabAnI jema ahIM strIo goLAkAre nAce che. strIonuM goLAkAre nartana e eka atyaMta vyApaka evuM lokanartana che je dezanA vividha prAMtomAM vividha prakAre jovA maLe che. gujarAtano garabo, tAmilanADunuM kummI, kolaTTama ane kuDiskuppaTTe tathA malabAranuM kaikoTTIkkalI e 'hallIsaka'nAM ja vividha svarUpo che. (7) zamyA : 'nATyadarpaNa' anusAra sabhAmAM nartakI lalita laya sAthe jenA padanA arthano abhinaya kare che te nRtyane zamyA, lAsya, chalita, dvipadI vagere saMjJA ApavAmAM Ave che. kinnaronA nAcane zamyA kahe che. zRMgArarasapradhAna nRtya 'lAsya' kahevAya che. zRMgAra, vIra ane raudrapradhAna nRttane 'chalita' kahe che. dvipadI vagere A nRttomAM gAvAmAM AvatA chandonA bheda che. nATyadarpaNakAre 'zamyA'nuM je svarUpa nirUpyuM che te pUrNapaNe nRtya para ja AdhArita che. AMgika

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142 maheza caMpakalAla abhinaya sivAya temAM anya abhinayo prayojAtA nathI. sAhityadarpaNakAre tethI ja kadAca uparUpako aMtargata teno samAveza karyo nathI. bhoje zamyAno 'nartanakInA eka prakAra tarIke ullekha karyo che. zamyA, lAsya, chalita ane dvipadIne "nartanaka'nA vividha prakAro kahyA che. nATyadarpaNakAre zamyAnAM je lakSaNo gaNAvyAM che tene bhoje nartanakanAM lakSaNo tarIke nirUpyAM che. nRtyanA eka prakAra tarIke chalitano ullekha kAlidAse mAlavikAgnimitra'mAM karyo che. tenA prathama aMkamAM mAlavikA, gaNadAsa pAsethI chalita nRtya zIkhI rahI hovAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. paMDitA kauzikI rAjA AgaLa nivedana kare che - parivAjikAH mahArAja, cAra padavALA calita-chalita nRtyano prayoga agharo mAnavAmAM Avyo che, te eka ja viSayamAM baMneno prayoga joIe. enAthI ja baMnenuM zikSaNakauzalya jaNAI jaze. bIjA aMkanI zarUAtamAM nRtyaspardhA samaye, gaNadAsa uMmaramAM moTA hovAthI temanI ziSyA mAlavikAno nRtyaprayoga rajU thAya che te samaye gaNadAsa rAjAne nivedana karatAM kahe che -' gaNadAsa mahArAja, madhyama layavALI zarmiSThAnI cAra padavALI kRti che. tenA cothA padano prayoga Apa ekAgracitte sAMbhaLazo. parivrAjikA ane gaNadAsanA saMvAda parathI phalita thAya che ke chalita nRtyamAM cAra padavALI kRti madhyama layamAM rajU karavAmAM Ave che. cothA padano prayoga pramANamAM agharo hoya che. zamyA'no artha thAya che vividharaMgI TUMkI, veMta jeTalI lAMbI lAkaDIo "dAMDiyA' - jeno nartana samaye tAla ApavA mATe prayoga karavAmAM Ave che. vaLI "zamyA' eka prakAranI hastakriyA che jemAM nRtya karatI vakhate hAtha hatheLImAM pachADI tAla ApavAmAM Ave che jeno ullekha bharata nATyazAstranA 'tAlaadhyAya'mAM karyo che. Ama "zamyA'no mULa artha veMta lAMbI lAkaDI athavA hAtha vaDe tAla Apavo evo thAya che. tenA AdhAre nRtyanuM nAma paNa "zamyA' thayuM. "zamyA' prakAranA nRtyamAM nartana karatI lalanAo dvArA lAkaDI vaDe tAla ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke "daMDa-rAsaka'mAM athavA to pachI tamilanADanA "kolaTTama' prakAranA nRtyamAM ke jemAM kAM to chokarA-chokarIo baMne athavA to kevaLa chokarIo be hAramAM vaheMcAI jaI be raMgIna lAkaDIo (kaoNla) baMne hAthamAM rAkhI tAla Ape che, kAM to potAnA hAthamAM athavA to pachI goLa pharI sAmAvALAnA hAthamAM. A dAMDiyA-rAsano ja eka prakAra che. malabAranA "kekaTTikali' tathA tamilanADunA nRtya "kuDiskupaTTa'mAM hAtha dvArA tAla ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke ApaNA "garabA"mAM. dvipadI' layanuM saMgItaracanAnuM tathA tenA upara AdhArita nRtyanuM nAma che. (8) prekSaka : sAhityadarpaNamAM "prekSaNakAnA sthAne "pravaNa' saMjJA prayojavAmAM AvI che ane tenuM lakSaNa A pramANe nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM eka aMka hoya che. garbha ane vimarza sandhio nathI hotI. hIna puruSa nAyaka hoya che. sUtradhAra nathI hoto. viSkammaka tathA pravezaka paNa nathI hotA. dhanvayuddha

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nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna 143 tathA roSapUrNa saMbhASaNa (sapTeTa) hoya che. temAM badhI ja vRttionI apekSA rahe che. nAndI' tathA 'prarocanAnI vidhi nepathyamAM thAya che. tenuM udAharaNa 'vAlivadhaH" che. sAhityadarpaNamAM nirUpavAmAM Avela lakSaNathI evuM phalita thAya che ke prekSaNaka eka evA prakAranuM ekAMkI hatuM jemAM kyAreka paDadA pAchaLathI saMvAda bolavAmAM AvatA ane te "mAima ple' mUkanATya rUpe bhajavavAmAM AvatuM. "nATyadarpaNa'mAM ApavAmAM AvelA lakSaNa pramANe aneka pAtravizeSa dvArA galI, samAja, cAra raste athavA madyazALA vagere sthaLe bhajavAtA nRtyavizeSane prekSaNaka kahevAmAM Ave che. "nATyadarpaNa' anusAra te zuddha svarUpe raMgamaMcIya kalA "Performing Art'nuM ja eka rUpa che ke je khAsa prakAranI naTamaMDaLI dvArA lokasamudAya vacce galImAM, zerImAM, cAra raste, maMdiranA prAMgaNamAM ke pachI madyAlayamAM khullA AkAzamAM bhajavAtuM. bhoje ane nATyadarpaNakAre "kAmadahanano prekSaNakanA udAharaNa tarIke ullekha karyo che. Aje paNa hoLInA avasare mahArASTramAM ane tenA prabhAvathI tamilanADanA tAMjora jillAmAM jAheramAM lokasamudAya vacce "kAmadahana'nuM vRttAMta bhajavavAmAM Ave che jemAM marAThI 'lAvaNI' prayojAya che ane temAM eka naTasamUha manmathano nAza thayo hovAno dAvo kare che to pratipakSa manmatha haju paNa jIvita hovAno dAvo kare che. bhoje ane nATyadarpaNakAre ahIM pahelI vAra bhajavaNInA sthaLano ullekha karyo che. (9) rAsaka : sAhityadarpaNa'mAM "rAsaka'nuM lakSaNa A pramANe nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. "rAsakamAM pAMca pAtro hoya che, mukha ane nirvahaNa saMdhi prayojAya che. aneka prakAranI bhASA-vibhASAono prayoga thAya che, temAM sUtradhAra hoto nathI ane eka ja aMka hoya che. temAM vIago ane nRtyagIta vagere) kalAo prayukta thAya che. "nAndI' zliSTapadayukta hoya che. nAyikA koI prasiddha suMdarI hoya che ane nAyaka mUrNa hoya che. uttarottara udAtta bhASA vinyAsathI yukta hoya che. keTalAkanA mata pramANe temAM pratimukha' sandhi paNa prayojI zakAya. tenuM udAharaNa "manakAThitam' che. sAhityadarpaNakAre pAThyagata vividha tattvo saMdhi, bhASA, pAtra vagerenI sAthe sAthe nRtya, gIta vagere kalAono samanvaya paNa sUcavyo che, jyAre nATyadarpaNakAre bhojane anusarI "rAsaka'ne zuddha nRtyano ja prakAra mAnyo che. temanA mate jemAM 17, 12 ke 8 nAyikAo piMDIbaMdha vagere racanA dvArA nRtya kare tene "rAsaka' kahe che. nartakIo nAcatAM nAcatAM bhegI thaI jAya tene "piMDI' kahe che. ekameka sAthe gUMthAIne nRtya kare tene "zRMkhalA' kahe che ane temAMthI chUTA paDI alaga thavAnI nartanakriyAne 'bhedyaka' kahe che. velInI jema gUMthAvAnI nartanakriyAne "latAbaMdha" kahe che. Ama rAsakanA nA. da. anusAra cAra bheda cheH (1) piMDIbaMdha, (2) zRMkhalA, (3) bhedyaka ane (4) latAbaMdha. "abhinavabhAratI'mAM paNa "rAsaka'ne nRtyano prakAra mAnavAmAM Avyo che jemAM aneka nartakIo dvArA vividha prakAranA tAla ane laya prayojavAmAM Ave che. te masUNa ane uddhata baMne te prakAranuM hoya che. temAM 64 jeTalAM yugalo hoya che. bharatamunie 'pUrvaraMga'mAM prayojAtA nRttanA saMdarbhamAM "piMDI' saMjJA yojI che. te eka 'AkRti

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144 maheza caMpakalAla vizeSa' che, jemAM nartakI Ayudhono athavA vividha devatAonA vAhana-gaja, siMha vagere - no AkAra nRtta thakI darzAve che. bharatamuni piMDInA cAra bheda varNave che : (1) piMDI, (2) zaMkhalika, (3) latAbaMdha ane (4) bhedyaka. abhinavagupta A nRttane sAmUhika nRtta mAnI tenA be prakAra kahyA che : (1) sajAtIya ane (2) vijAtIya. sajAtIya prakAranA nRttamAM be nartakIo "samAna dAMDI dharAvatA be kamaLasadaza" AkAra dhAraNa kare che, "ekanAlaAvaddha kaliyugalavatu. jyAre vijAtIya prakAranA nRttamAM eka nartakI "haMsanI AkRti ane bIjI nartakI jANe "dAMDI sahita kamaLane haMsinIe dhAraNa karyuM hoya" tevI AkRti UbhI kare che. "gulma zRMkhalikA'mAM traNa nartakIo tathA "latAmAM cAra nartakIo paraspara joDAya che. bharatamuninI dRSTie A badhA AkAro (1) zikSAyoga, (2) yoniyatra tathA (3) bhadrAsananI madada vaDe UbhA karI zakAya che. Adhunika nRtyavivecako piMDIbhedane samUhanRtyano prakAra mAne che. piMDI zabda gulma-gucchano artha sUcave che. A eka prakAranuM samUhanRtya hoI zake, jemAM nartako yA nartakIonuM vRMda pAse pAse rahI "gucchano AbhAsa Ubho karatuM hoya, "zaMkhalikA' e anya prakAranI nRtyaracanA hoI zake, jemAM nartaka-nartakIo ekabIjAno hAtha pakaDI sAMkaLa-zRMkhalA banAvatA hoya; "latAbandha" evI nRtyaracanA sUcave che ke jemAM nartako ekabIjAnA khabhe potAnA bAhu mUkatA hoya ane 'bhedyaka prakAranI nRtyaracanAmAM nartakI samUhamAMthI chUTA paDI pRthaka rIte vyaktigata aMgasaMcAlano karatI hoya. (10) nATyarAsaka : sAhityadarpaNa'mAM "nATyarAsaka'nuM lakSaNa A pramANe nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM eka ja aMka hoya che. teno nAyaka udAtta ane upanAyaka pIThama hoya che. te hAsyarasapradhAna hovA uparAMta temAM zRMgArarasa paNa prayojAya che. tenI nAyikA vAsakasajjA hoya che. temAM mukha ane nirvahaNa sandhi hoya che, bahuvidha tAla, laya uparAMta temAM dasa lAsyAMgo prayukta thAya che. keTalAkanA mate temAM pratimukha sivAyanI cAra sandhio hoI zake. tenAM udAharaNa che, "vilAsavatI' (cAra sandhithI yukta) tathA narmavatI' (be sandhiyukta). sAhityadarpaNakAre "rUpakanI jema ahIM paNa "pAThyagata tattvo aMka, nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, rasa, sandhinA AdhAre nATyarAsakanAM lakSaNo nirUpyAM che. jo ke vividha tAla, laya ane lAsyAMgo dvArA temAM rahelAM nRtya ane saMgItanAM tattvo paNa iMgita karyA che. nATyadarpaNakAre bhojane anusarI "nATyazAsaka'ne zuddha rUpe nRtyano ja prakAra mAnyo che. temanA mate vasaMta vagere (unmAdaka) RtunA Agamane strIo dvArA rAgAdinA AvezamAM rAjAonA caritranuM nRtya vaDe karavAmAM AvatuM pradarzana "nATyarAsaka' kahevAmAM Ave che. bhoje "zRMgAraprakAzamAM "nATyarAsaka" vize vistRta varNana karyuM che. temanA mate "nATyarAsaka'ne "carcarI' paNa kahe che je vasaMtaRtu-Agamane rAjAnA sanmAnamAM nartakIo dvArA rajU thAya che. "ratnAvalI'mAM AraMbhanA dazyamAM "carcarI' nRtyano prayoga darzAvavAmAM Avyo che te zuddhapaNe "nRtta'no ja eka prakAra che jemAM piMDI, gulma vagere aneka prakAranA AkAro racAya che. pahelAM eka yugala nartana karatuM praveze ane

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145 nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna nAce, tenI pAchaLa bIjuM ema samUho racAtA jAya che. temAM mRdaMga, tAlanA bola vagere paNa prayojAya che. Ama, sAhityadarpaNakAre jene "rUpakanI najIkanuM svarUpa gaNI, pArzvagata tattvonA AdhAre jenuM sAhityika vivaraNa karyuM che tene bhoje ane nATyadarpaNakAre nRtyanuM zuddha svarUpa gaNAvyuM che. (11) kAvya : uparUpaka'nA eka prakAra tarIke "kAvyanuM lakSaNa nirUpatAM sAhityadarpaNakAra jaNAve che ke temAM eka aMka hoya che. nAyaka tathA nAyikA udAtta hoya che. ArabhaTI vRtti hotI nathI. hAsyarasanI pradhAnatA hoya che. zRMgArarasa paNa prayojAya che. temAM mukha, pratimukha ane nirvahaNa sabdhi hoya che. khaMDamAtrA, dvipadikA, bhagnatAla jevA gItaprakAro tathA varNamAtrA, chaNikA jevA chandothI sauMdaryanI vRddhi karavAmAM Ave che. tenuM udAharaNa "yAdavodayam' che. sAhityadarpaNakAre "kAvyanuM je lakSaNa nirUpyuM che te tenI pAThyapradhAnatA iMgita kare che paNa zuMgAraprakAzakAra bhoja ane nATyadarpaNakAranI dRSTie "kAvya" eka AgavI saMgIta- racanA che ke jemAM AkSiptakA, varNa, mAtrA, dhruva, tAlabhaMga, paddhatikA (vardhatikA), chardanikA vagere prayojAya che. A badhI saMgItakalAnI pAribhASika saMjJAo che. bhoje "kAvya'nA ja eka prakAra tarIke 'citrakAvyanuM paNa lakSaNa nirUpyuM che. tadanusAra temAM vividha prakAranA tAla, laya tathA rAga prayojAya che. kAvyamAM AdithI aMta sudhI eka ja rAgano prayoga thAya che, citrakAvyamAM vividha rAgono prayoga thAya che. abhinavabhAratI'mAM kAvyano ullekha "rAgakAvya' tarIke karavAmAM Avyo che. kAvya-rAgakAvya Aje ApaNe jene "kavitA" kahIe chIe tenA karatAM taddana judo ja prakAra che eTale abhinavabhAratamAM teno "rAgakAvya' tarIke ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che. "rAgakAvya'mAM samagra kathA gIta dvArA rajU thAya che. "rAgakAvya' vRttaprabandhano prakAra hovAthI temAM kathA eka rAga (kAvya) athavA aneka rAga- (citrakAvya)mAM rajU thatI haze. sAthe sAthe gItanA bhAvane nartakI dvArA abhinayathI darzAvavAmAM paNa AvatA haze. "abhinavabhAratI'mAM "rAghava-vijaya' ane mArIcavadhIne "rAgakAvya'nAM udAharaNa gaNAvavAmAM AvyAM che jemAM AdithI aMta paryata bhAva ane paristhiti badalAtI hovA chatAM eka ja rAga prayojAya che ane gIto sAbhinaya rajU thAya che. 'tripuradAha'nI kathA vividha rAgomAM rajU thatI hovAthI te "citra' prakAranA rAgakAvyanuM udAharaNa bane che. jayadevakRta "gItagoviMda' paNa citraprakAranuM rAgakAvya che je saMgIta ane nRtya - A baMne kaLAomAM cAvIrUpa sthAna dharAve che. (12) bhANa/bhANaka : sAhityadarpaNa'mAM uparUpakanA eka prakAra tarIke 'bhANikA'no ullekha che, "bhANa'no nathI. nATyadarpaNa anusAra viSNu, mahAdeva, sUrya, pArvatI, skandha tathA prathamAdhipanI stutimAM nibaddha, uddhata karaNothI yukta, strIpAtrothI rahita, vividha vastuonA varNanathI yukta, abhinaya karavAmAM duSkara chatAMya rasaprada ane jakaDI rAkhanAra, anutAla-vitAlathI yukta bhANa/bhANaka che

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maheza caMpakalAla prakAranA hoya che. (1) zuddha-zuddhapaNe saMskRta vANI dvA2A varNanAyukta, (2) saMkIrNa-saMskRta tathA prAkRtanA saMkara dvArA karavAmAM AvelA varNanathI yukta, (3) citra-vividha prakAranI tamAma bhASAothI yukta tathA manohara kriyA dvArA abhinIta, (4) uddhRta-uddhata kriyAothI yukta, (5) lalitalAlityapUrNa kriyAothI yukta tathA (6) lalitoddhata lalita ane uddhata kriyAonAM mizraNathI yukta. (13) bhANikA : 146 'sAhityadarpaNa' anusAra bhANikAmAM eka ja aMka hoya che. temAM suMdara nepathyaracanA karavAmAM Ave che. mukha tathA nirvahaNa sandhi hoya che. kaizikI tathA bhAratI vRtti hoya che. temAM nAyikA udAtta prakRtinI hoya che ane nAyaka maMdabuddhino hoya che. upanyAsa, vinyAsa, vibodha, sAdhvasa, samarpaNa, nivRtti ane saMhAra nAmanAM sAta aMgo temAM hoya che. sAhityadarpaNakAre pAThyagata tattvonA AdhAre bhANikAnAM lakSaNa nirUpyAM che. nATyadarpaNakAranA mate bahudhA viSNunA caritathI yukta strIo dvArA gAthA (chaMda), varNa ane mAtrAonI racanA jemAM karavAmAM Ave te prakAranA bhANa paNa sukumAratAnA prayogane kAraNe bhANikA kahevAya che. bhANamAM uddhata prakAranI kriyAonuM prAcarya hoya che jyAre bhANikAmAM lalita prakAranI kriyAonuM bAhulya hoya che. bhoje uparUpakanA bheda tarIke 'bhANa'nuM vistRtapaNe varNana karyuM che. temanA mate bhANa-bhANakabhANikAmAM ziva, viSNu, devI, skanda, sUrya Adi devonI stuti gAvAmAM Ave che. bhoje karelA vistRta varNanamAM nRtya ane saMgIta saMbaMdhI aneka vigato maLI Ave che. te sAta khaMDamAM vibhAjita hoya che. A sAte khaMDamAM vividha prakAranI bhASA ane tAla prayojAya che ane uddhata tathA lalita baMne prakAranI zailIomAM nRtya karavAmAM Ave che. bhoje karelA varNanamAM be muddA dhyAna kheMce tevA che. gAyaka gAtI vakhate satata kazuMka ne kazuMka kaheto hoya che ane bIjI vAta e ke bhANamAM jeno abhinaya karavo duSkara hoya tevI vastuo tathA tAla ane layanI jhINAmAM jhINI vigato AvarI levAmAM AvatI hoya che. bhANamAM je viSNunI krIDAo lAlityapUrNa nRtya vaDe darzAvavAmAM Ave to tene 'bhANikA' kahevAmAM Ave che. 'bhANa' e saMgIta ane nRtyanI racanA hovAnI vAtane 'abhinavabhAratI'nuM paNa samarthana che. abhinavaguptanA mate bhANamAM vAghasaMgItanuM prAdhAnya hoya che. bhANanuM vastu upadezAtmaka hoya che ane siMha, sUkara, bheMsa, rIMcha vagere prANIonA saMketAtmaka-pratIkAtmaka varNana dvArA dharmopadeza ApavAmAM Ave che ane tema karatI vakhate nartakI prANIonI gati tathA ceSTAonuM anukaraNa kare che. bharatanA nATyazAstramAM gatipracAra adhyAyamAM prANIonI gati nirUpavAmAM AvI che. prasiddha lokanATyavida jagadIzacaMdra mAthuranA mate mathurAnA AsapAsanA pradezamAM A prakAranuM 'bhANa' Aje paNa pracalita che. Ama sAhityadarpaNakAre zrIgaditathI bhANikA paryaMtanAM uparUpakonAM je lakSaNo nirUpyAM che te mahadaMze 'pAThyagata' tattvonI vizeSa chaNAvaTa kare che ane sAhityanA svarUpa lekhe tenI savizeSa carcA kare che. jyAre abhinavabhAratI, zRMgAraprakAza ane tene anusarI nATyadarpaNakAre tene saMgIta

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nATyadarpaNa'mAM uparUpaka vidhAna 147 ane nRtya jevI raMgamaMcIya kalAono prakAra gaNI tenAM gAyana, vAdana, nartananI sUkSma carcA karI che. A pAyAno bheda rahelo che. kadAca e zuddha nRtyathI "nRtyanATikA' taraphanI utkrAMti darzAve che kAraNa ke "nRtyanATikA'mAM gAyana, vAdana, nartana uparAMta pADya-saMvAda paNa prayojAya che. kALakrame pAkyanI pradhAnatAne kAraNe tene sAhityanA svarUpalekhe rUpakanI najIkanuM svataMtra sthAna prApta thayuM haze, evuM anumAna asthAne nahIM lekhAya. saMdarbha-sAhitya 'hiMdI nATyadarpaNa - nATyadarpaNanI hiMdI vyAkhyA', pradhAna saMpAdaka : DaoN. nagendra, saMpAdako : DaoN. dazaratha ojhA, DaoN. satyadeva caudharI, vyAkhyAkAra : AcArya vizvezvara siddhAMtaziromaNi. prakAzaka - hiMdI vibhAga, dilhI vizvavidyAlaya, dilhI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1961 2. The Natyadarpana of Ramcandra andGunacandra - A Critical Study by Dr. K. H. Trivedi -L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad-9, 1966 Uprupakas and Nritya-Prabandhas. Dr. V. Raghvan, Sangeet Natak--Journal of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, Issue No. 2, April 1966 8. Bhoja's Sringara Prakasa By Dr. V. Raghvan, Punarvasu, 7, Shri Krishnapuram Street, Madras 14, 1963 5. 'uparUpaka - prakAra, svarUpavidhAna ane vizeSatAo' - bharatakumAra DI. bhaTTa, svAdhyAya pu. 22, aMka 4, janmASTamI aMka, sapTe. 85, pR. 341-354 Natya Manjari-Saurabha - Sanskrit Dramatic Theory by G K. Bhatt, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona 411 004, 1981 sAhityadarpaNa', vizvanAtha, hiMdI anuvAda : zAligrAma zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, 1950 * 8. Classical Indian Dance in Literature and the Arts, Dr. Kapila Vatsyayan, Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi, 1968 M

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amadAvAdanA vikAsamAM jaina zreSThIonuM pradAna amadAvAdanA jaina zreSThIonI vAta karavI hoya to karNAvatIthI zarUAta karavI paDe. karNAvatInA vikAsamAM jene samAjano phALo agrasthAne hato. 1291mAM visaladevanA samayamAM sAmatasiMhadeve karNAvatImAM ghaNAM dAna dIdhAM hatAM. aSTanemiprasAda nAmanA derAsaramAM vidvAna sAdhu devasUrino nivAsa hato. kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye ahIM rahI abhyAsa karelo. karNAvatImAM UcharelA ane karNadeva pachI siddharAjanA samayamAM durgapAla maMtrI tarIke sevAo ApatA udA mahetA ane zAMta pradhAna nAmo ullekhanIya hatAM. 140ramAM jinabhadrasUrie zaheramAM graMthabhaMDAranI sthApanA karI hatI. 1590mAM hIravijayasUrie potAnA gurunA "sAta bola" upara vivaraNa lakhyuM hatuM. jaina samAja amadAvAda zaherane rAjanagara tarIke vadhu ullekha che. A zaheranA vikAsamAM keTalIka vyaktio ane ghaNA parivAronuM moTuM pradAna jovA maLe che. nagarazeTha zAMtidAsa jhaverI parivAra : je vyakti AkhA samAjaprajAnA bhalA ane hita mATe vicAratI hoya te zreSThI kahevaDAvavAne lAyaka banI jAya che. zreSThI badhAmAM zreSTha hoya che. zreSThatA guNavattAne varelI hoya che. amadAvAdanA jhaverAtanA vepArI zAMtidAsa jhaverI dilhI mughala bAdazAho sAthe gharobo dharAvatA hatA. mughala bAdazAhe zAMtidAsa jhaverIne vArasAgata nagarazeTha tarIkeno mAna ane mobho pharamAnathI ApyAM hatAM. emanI jarUriyAta pramANe dilhI darabAra tarapha zAhI pharamAno meLavyAM hatAM - je khUba gaurava levA jevI bAbata gaNI zakAya. DaoN. mANeka paTela "setu"

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amadAvAdanA vikAsamAM jaina zreSThionuM pradAna 149 zAMtidAsa jhaverI pachI temanAM kuTuMbIjano-vArasadAro nagarazeThapadanA adhikArI banyA hatA. temAMthI keTalAka nagarazeThanAM kAryo zreSThI jevAM hatAM. 1725mAM sUbA hamIdakhAnanA vakhatamAM nagarazeTha khuzAlacaMde zaherane marAThAonI lUMTamAMthI bacAvyuM hatuM. zaheranI pa3 jeTalI mahAjana jevI vyaktioe zaheramAMthI jakAtavero ugharAvavAno dastAveja karI Apyo hato. enA AdhAre vArasadArone AnI Avaka maLatI rahI hatI. A ja rIte pharI 1780mAM nathuzAe amadAvAdane lUMTAtuM bacAvyuM hatuM. 1812mAM nagarazeTha vakhatacaMda khuzAlacaMdanI AgevAnI heThaLa eka pratinidhi maMDaLa amadAvAdamAM Avela phattehasiMharAva gAyakavADane vArasAgata verAnI mukti mATe maLyuM hatuM ane gAyakavADa sarakArano vArasAgata vero dUra karato zilAlekha traNa daravAjAnI dIvAle hAlamAM paNa jovA maLe che. nagarazeTha hImAbhAI zikSaNapremI hatA. temaNe gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, gujarAta kaoNlejanI sthApanA ane pAMjarApoLamAM Arthika madado karI hatI. nagarazeTha premAbhAInA rUpiyA 20,000/-nA dAna ane banevI haThIsiMhanA dAnanA sahayogathI sivila haoNspiTala zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI. emaNe pitAzrI hImAbhAInI yAdamAM lAla daravAjA khAte pustakAlaya zarU karyuM hatuM - - je hAlamAM hImAbhAI insTiTyUTa nAme cAlu che. teo gujarAta kaoNleja, varnAkyulara sosAyaTI ane ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhImAM sahayogI hatA. briTiza sarakAre 1877mAM emane "rAvabahAdura'no ilakAba Apyo hato ane muMbaI dhArAsabhAmAM sabhyapada ane mAna mejisTreTa tarIke nimaNUka karI hatI. prema daravAjA ane premAbhAI haoNla emanA kAryanI suvAsane kAraNe nAmakaraNa pAmyA hatA. A nagarazeTha maNibhAI 1898-1900 daramiyAna amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA pramukhapade rahyA hatA - emaNe chappaniyA dukALamAM "puara hAusa" ane keTala kempa' jevI sevAo pUrI pADI hatI. nagarazeTha tarIke vArasAgata mAnamobho pAmelA lakSmIcaMda, cImanabhAI, lAlabhAI, kastUrabhAI maNibhAI ane vimalabhAI mAyAbhAIe zreSThIone zobhe evAM kAryo karavAmAM sakriyatA dAkhavI nahotI. : - zeTha haThIsiMga kesarIsiMga parivAra : amadAvAdanAM nagararatnonI nAmAvalimAM zeTha haThIsiMga kesarIsiMgano samAveza thAya che. teo eka diladAra dAnavIra hatA. 1858mAM zarU thayela zaheranI prathama sivila haoNspiTala mATe zeTha haThIsiMga kesarIsiMge rU. 55,000/-nuM dAna ApyuM hatuM ane A haoNspiTala sAthe haThIsiMga ane premAbhAInuM nAma joDAyeluM hatuM. zeTha haThIsiMga dilhI daravAjA bahAra daherAM bAMdhavAnuM zarU karyA pachI thoDA vakhatamAM avasAna pAmyA hatA. emanI patnI harakuMvara zeThANIe daherAMnuM kAmakAja pUrNa karyuM hatuM. zeThANI kanyA keLavaNIne khUba mahattva ApatAM. 1851mAM zaheramAM prathama kanyAzALA kAlupura vistAramAM zarU karI hatI. teo TreiniMga skUla ane varnAkyulara sosAyaTImAM paNa rasa letAM hatAM. briTiza sarakAre emanI umadA sevAonI kadara karI "neka nAmadAra sakhAvatI bahAdura' nAmano ilakAba Apyo hato. zeTha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI parivAra : pAMjarApoLanI asmitAne ujAgara karanAra zreSThI zeTha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI agrasthAne hatA. bApa karatAM beTo savAyonI jema kastUrImRga samA

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150 DaoN. mANeka paTela "setu' kastUrabhAI (1894-1980)nuM nAma jaina zreSThI tarIke gujarAtabharamAM jANItuM che. mila ane rasAyaNa udyogapati kastUrabhAIe amadAvAda ejyukezana sosAyaTI dvArA zaheramAM zikSaNa saMsthAonI sthApanA karI. amadAvAda zahera emanuM kAyamI RNI raheze. emanI ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhImAM pramukha tarIkenI sevAo umadA ane ullekhanIya hatI. emano vAraso emanA putra zreNikabhAIe jALavyo. zeTha cInubhAI cimanalAla meyara (199-1993) : amadAvAdanA kalyANa ane sukhAkArI mATe satata jAgrata zreSThIvarya zeTha cInubhAI cimanalAla jIvananA chellA zvAsa sudhI ciMtita hatA. amadAvAda myunisipAliTImAM chellA pramukha ane prathama meyara thavAnuM mAna zeTha cInubhAIne maLyuM. emaNe 12 varSa sudhI meyarapade rahI zaheramAM aneka vikAsanAM kAryo karyA. tatkAlIna vaDApradhAna javAharalAla naheru eka jAhera sabhAmAM bolelA - "eka zaheranI pragati mATe meyara keTaluM karI zake che, e jovuM hoya to amadAvAda javuM joIe." - ema kahI cInubhAI meyaranAM kAryonI prazaMsA karI hatI. sArAbhAI parivAra : sArAbhAI maganabhAI karamacaMdanA vaMzajo ane parivArajanoe sArAbhAI aTaka apanAvI. aMbAlAla sArAbhAI gAMdhIjI sAthe saMparkamAM AvatAM, teo temanA parivArajano sAthe AjhAdInI laDatamAM ane lokahitanA kAryomAM joDAyA ane Arthika rIte madadarUpa banyA. temanA dAdAnA nAmathI 1851mAM zarU thayela kanyAzALA Aje paNa cAlu che - briTiza sarakAre emane "kezare hinda'no ilakAba enAyata karyo hato. zeTha aMbAlAlabhAI zaheranI bI. ema. insTiTyUTa, ena.AI.DI., aTirA, zreyasa phAunDezana ane sI. ena. vidyAlaya jevI saMsthAo sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. emanA parivAranAM anasUyA sArAbhAI sAcA arthamAM milamajUra-pravRttinAM moTAbahena' hatAM. aMbAlAlanAM patnI saralAdevI jyotisaMgha ane vikAsagRhanI pravRtti sAthe saMkaLAyelAM hatAM. emanI putrI mRdulA sArAbhAI paNa svAtaMtrya-pravRttimAM sakriya hatAM. emaNe jyotisaMghanI sthApanA karI mahilA- pravRttine zaktizALI banAvI hatI. bhAratanA spesa progrAmanA praNetA - khyAtanAma vaijJAnika DaoN. vikrama sArAbhAI (1919-1971) zeTha aMbAlAlanA putra thAya. dezabharamAM prakhyAta phijhikala risarca leboreTarI (PRL), inDiyana insTiTyUTa oNpha menejamenTa (IIM), ane aTirA jevI saMsthAonI sthApanAnA pAyAnI IMTa samAna hatA ane adhyakSa tarIkenI sevAno bhAra nibhAvyo. hato. dezanA avakAza vaijJAnika DaoN. vikrama sArAbhAIne 'padmavibhUSaNa'thI sanmAnavAmAM AvyA hatA. emanI patnI mRNAlinI sArAbhAI bhAratIya nRtyakalAnA pracAra-prasAramAM samarpita che. DaoN. vikrama sArAbhAInA putra kArtikeya sArAbhAI naheru phAunDezana ane senTara phora envAyaramenTa ejyukezana (CEE) saMsthA sAthe saMkaLAyelA che. zeTha vADIlAla sArAbhAI (1875-1929) : zeTha vADIlAla saMtoSI ane sevAbhAvI svabhAvanA hatA. emaNe pAchalI jiMdagImAM lokamadada karavAnuM zarU karyuM ane mRtyu pachI emanI

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amadAvAdanA vikAsamAM jaina zreSThionuM pradAna 151 milakata-kamANI vasiyatanAmAthI lokasevArthe vaparAI. vADIlAla sArAbhAI haoNspiTala temAMthI nirmANa pAmI. ratanapoLa sArvajanika davAkhAnuM ane pustakAlaya paNa zarU thayAM hatAM. zeTha cimanalAla nagInadAsa parivAra taraphathI AMbAvADI vistAramAM vidyAlaya zarU karavAmAM AvyuM. emanI putrI indumatIbahena zaikSaNika kAryamAM racyAMpacyAM rahetAM hatAM. zeTha rasikalAla mANekalAle emanA pitAzrI zeTha mANekalAla jeThAbhAInI smRtimAM sArvajanika pustakAlayanA nirmANa mATe rU. 55,000/-nuM dAna ApyuM hatuM. zeTha mANekalAla jeThAbhAI pustakAlaya gujarAtabharamAM jJAnapipAsuo mATe prakhyAta che. zeTha rasikalAlanA parivAra taraphathI kramazaH vizeSa anudAno A pustakAlayane maLatAM rahyAM hatAM. zeTha manasukhabhAI bhagubhAI ane zeTha jamanAbhAI bhagubhAI, kezavalAla lallubhAI jhaverI, lAlacaMda harakhacaMda vagere zreSThIone ApaNe yAda karavA rahyA. kezavalAla lallubhAI jhaverIe varSo sudhI pAMjarApoLa saMsthAno prazaMsanIya vahIvaTa saMbhALyo. vaLI teoe Arthika rIte nabaLA parivAro mATe amadAvAdamAM keTalIka cAlIonuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM. kezavalAla jhaverInA putra narottamabhAI jhaverIe amadAvAda zaheranA meyara rahI zaherI vikAsamAM phALo Apyo hartA. A rIte zaheranA zeTha manasukhabhAI bhagubhAI ane anya ghaNA jaina zreSThIoe amadAvAda zaheranA vikAsamAM ullekhanIya yogadAna Apela hatuM.

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kalpasUtra jinazAsanane saphaLa netRtva temaja zrutajJAnanI amUlya saMpatti arpanAra zrutakevalI zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI bhagavAna mahAvIranA sAtamAM paTTadhara hatA. yazasvI AcArya yazobhadranA A ziSya cauda pUrvenA jJAtA hatA. emano janma vira nirvANa saMvata 94mAM thayo. pistALIsa varSanI vaye saMyama grahaNa karyo ane AcArya saMbhUtivijayajI pachI vI. ni. saM. 159mAM emane AcArya padavIthI alaMkRta karavAmAM AvyA. cauda varSa sudhI jinazAsananA yugapradhAnapadane emaNe zobhAvyuM. zrutakevalI AcAryazrI bhadrabAhusvAmI vI. ni. saM. 17mAM 76 varSanI vaye kALadharma pAmyA. arthavAcanAnI dRSTie AcArya bhadrabAhunI sAthe zrutakevalIno viccheda thayo. zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIno janma pratiSThAnapura nagaramAM thayo hato. varAhamihira ane bhadrabAhu e baMne bhAIo cAra veda ane cauda vidyAmAM pAraMgata hatA. zrutakevalI zrI yazobhadrasUrijIno meLApa thatAM baMnee dIkSA lIdhI, kiMtu cauda pUrvanuM jJAna ane AcAryapada arpaNa karavAmAM bhadrabAhu vizeSa yogya lAgatAM gurue temane uttarAdhikArI banAvyA, AthI chaMcheDAyelA varAhamihire gusse thaIne dIkSA choDI dIdhI. A samaye rAjAne tyAM putrajanmano prasaMga AvatAM bALaka ekaso varSano thaze evuM varAhamihire bhaviSya bhAkhyuM. jyAre e ja nagaramAM rahelA saMghanAyaka bhadrabAhusvAmI vadhAmaNI ApavA AvyA nahIM. e taka jhaDapIne varAhamihire bhadrabAhusvAmInI viruddhamAM rAjA ane prajAnA kAna bhaMbheryA. A aMge bhadrabAhusvAmIe kahyuM ke AjathI sAtamA divase bALakanuM bilADInA kAraNe avasAna thavAnuM che, tyAre rAjAne sAMtvanA ApavA jaIza. rAjAne varAhamihiranA kathanamAM vizvAsa hovA chatAM rAjAe tamAma bilADIone pakaDI laIne nagara kumArapALa desAI

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kalpasUtra 153 bahAra jaMgalamAM hAMkI kADhI. bALakumAranI AsapAsa cokIpahero goThavyo. banyuM evuM ke bilADInA mahorAvALo AgaLo bALakanA mAthA para paDatAM bALakanuM mRtyu thayuM. A AghAtajanaka prasaMge bhadrabAhusvAmI AzvAsana ApavA gayA, tyAre rAjAe temane adakeruM mAna ApyuM. potAnI cAlamAM niSphaLa jatAM krodha ane dveSathI gherAyelo varAhamihira pachInA janma vyaMtaradeva banyo ane potAnA jJAnathI pUrvajanma jANatAM ja jaina saMgha pratye enA dveSanI Aga bhabhUkI UThI. eNe zrIsaMghamAM mahAmArIno upadrava phelAvyo ane asaMkhya loko maravA lAgyA. zrIsaMghe bhadrabAhusvAmIne vinaMtI karatAM emaNe zrutajJAnathI saghaLI hakIkata jANI ane upadrava TALavA mATe "uvasaggaharaM stotra'nI racanA karI. A mahAna stotranI zaktinA prabhAve vyaMtaranI zakti kSINa thaI gaI. A rIte jinazAsananA A mahAna prabhAvaka AcArya zAsanano ane zrutano ema baMneno apAra mahimA karyo. AcArya bhadrabAhusvAmIe dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa, vyavahAra ane nizItha ema cAra chedasUtronI racanA karIne mumukSu sAdhako para mahAna upakAra karyo. AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa, vyavahAra, sUryaprajJapti ane RSibhASita - A dasa sUtronA niyuktikAra tarIke prasiddha AcArya bhadrabAhue "bhadrabAhu saMhitA' tathA savA lAkha pada dharAvatuM vasudevacarita' nAmano graMtha racyo ane e ja rIte emaNe Arya sthUlabhadrane pUrvonuM jJAna ApIne e mahAna vArasAne naSTa thato bacAvyo hato. teoe satata bAra varSa sudhI mahAprANa-dhyAnanI utkaTa yogasAdhanA karavAnI virala upalabdhi meLavI hatI. bhAratanAM vibhinna kSetromAM vicaraNa karIne jinazAsanano prasAra ane utkarSa karanAra bhadrabAhusvAmIne zvetAMbara ane digaMbara baMne paraMparA pAMcamA ane aMtima zrutakevalI tarIke AdarapUrvaka sanmAne che. AcArya bhadrabAhusvAmIe racelA dasa adhyayana dharAvatA dazAzrutaskaMdha' graMthanuM AThamuM adhyayana eTale "pajjosaNA kalpa' eTale ke "paryuSaNA kalpa' kahevAya che, paNa samayAMtare e - "kalpasUtra' tarIke pracalita thayuM. enI racanA AjathI 2229 varSa pUrve thaI. "kalpaeTale AcAra, vidhi, nIti athavA samAcArI. 'tattvArthasUtra'nA racayitA vAcaka zrI umAsvAtie kahyuM che te pramANe jJAna, zIla ane tapanI je vRddhi kare ane doSono nigraha kare te kalpa. jaina zAstromAM AvA dasa prakAranA kalpa darzAvavAmAM AvyA che : (1) acalaka kalpa, (2) audezika kalpa, (3) zayyAtarapiMDa kalpa, (4) rAjapiMDa kalpa, (5) vaMdanakarma kalpa, (9) mahAvrata kalpa, (7) jyeSTha kalpa, (8) pratikramaNa kalpa, (9) mAsa kalpa ane (10) paryuSaNA kalpa. A saghaLAM kalpomAM paryuSaNAkalpa savizeSa mahattva dharAve che, kAraNa ke parvAdhirAja paryuSaNa e jaina dharmanI ArAdhanAnuM sauthI moTuM vArSika parva che ane AvA AdhyAtmika parva samaye A AThamA adhyayananuM vAcana thatuM hovAthI enuM mahattva eka svataMtra graMtha jeTaluM che. "kalpasUtra'mAM jaina dharmanA pistAlIsa Agamano sAra nathI te hakIkata che, tema chatAM te AgamagraMtha jeTalo mahimA pAmyo che. jaina saMghomAM paryuSaNa daramiyAna sAdhubhagavaMto dvArA enuM vAMcana thatuM rahyuM che. kalpasUtranA AvA viziSTa mahimAnuM kAraNa zuM ? koIpaNa dharma enI AgavI paraMparA dharAvato hoya che. jaina dharmanA sAdhu-sAdhvIonA

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154 kumArapALa desAI AcArapAlana ane ethI ya vizeSa tIrthakaronuM caritra e eno pAyo che. dharmanI samagra imAratanA pAyAnI pahecAna eTale kalpasUtra graMtha. e mULabhUta tattvo ane marmonI oLakha prApta thAya pachI ja dharmapraveza zakya bane. AthI kalpasUtra graMtha jema adhyAtmanAM ucca zikharonI jhAMkhI karAve che, e ja rIte emAM jJAna ane upadezano sAgara laherAya che. kalpasUtra e AcAra graMtha hovAthI emAM sAdhuo ane zrAvakone mATe jAgRtipUrNa AcAranuM Alekhana, gahana upadeza ane UMDI mAhitI prApta thAya che. AmAMthI thoDI vigato para dRSTipAta karIe. 1. svakhapAThako trizalAmAtAne AvelAM svapnonuM rahasya pragaTa karatAM pUrve svapnazAstranAM AlekhAyelAM 72 prakAranAM svapno vize vAta karIne bhUmikA bAMdhe che. AmAM trIsa svapno uttama phaLane ApanArAM kahyAM che. A trIsa svapno che : (1) ahaMnuM, (2) boddha, (3) harikRSNa, (4) zaMbhu, (5) brahmA, (9) skaMda, (7) gaNeza, (8) lakSmI, (9) gaurI, (10) nRpa, (11) hastI, (12) gau, (13) vRSabha, (14) caMdra, (15) sUrya, (16) vimAna, (17) geha, (18) agni, (19) svarga, (20) samudra, (21) sarovara, (22) siMha, (23) ratnarela, (24) giri, (25) dhvaja, (29) pUrNaghaTa, (27) purISa, (28) mAMsa, (29) matsya ane (30) kalpavRkSa. kalpasUtramAM AlekhAyelA bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvanacaritramAMthI maLatI keTalIka vigato joIe. temanA vaMzanuM nAma jJAtRvaMza hatuM ane gotra kAzyapa hatuM. emanA kAkAnuM nAma supArtha athavA supacyuM hatuM. moTA bhAInuM nAma naMdIvardhana, patnInuM nAma yazodA, putrInuM nAma priyadarzanA, bahenanuM nAma sudarzanA, jamAInuM nAma jaNAli ane mAmAnuM nAma ceTaka (ceDA rAjA) hatuM. tIrthakaronA nirvANakALane samajavA mATe kALacakra jANavuM jarUrI che. A kALacakranA utsarpiNIkALa ane avasarpiNIkALa evA be vibhAga che. dareka kALano samaya dasa kroDAkoDI sAgaropama che. eka kALacakra vIsa kroDAkoDI sAgaropamanuM thAya. utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI vArApharatI AvyA kare che. utsarpiNIkALanA cha ArA ane avasarpiNIkALanA cha ArA ema kula bAra ArA thAya. utsarpiNIkALamAM AyuSya, buddhi, UMcAI, baLa, dharma vagere vadhatAM jAya. jyAre avasarpiNIkALamAM e badhAM ja uttarottara ghaTatAM jAya. atyAre bharatakSetramAM avasarpiNI kALa cAlI rahyo che. avasarpiNIkALanA A pramANe cha ArA che : 1. saSama - suSama, 2. suSama, 3. suSama-duSama, 4. duSama-suSama, 5. duSama, 9. duSama-duSama. covIsa tIrthakarono garbhakALa judo judo che: 1. zrI RSabhadeva prabhu (9 mahinA cAra divasa), 2. zrI ajitanAtha prabhu (8 mahinA 25 divasa), 3. zrI saMbhavanAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 9 divasa), 4. zrI abhinaMdana prabhu (8 mahinA 28 divasa), 5. zrI sumatinAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 6 divasa), 3. zrI padmaprabhu (9 mahinA 6 divasa), 7. zrI supArzvanAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 19 divasa), 8. zrI caMdraprabhasvAmI (9 mahinA 7 divasa), 9. zrI suvidhinAtha svAmI (8 mahinA 20 divasa), 11. zrI zreyAMsanAtha svAmI (9 mahinA divasa), 12.

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kalpasUtra 155 zrI vAsupUjya svAmI (8 mahinA 20 divasa), 13. zrI vimalanAtha bhagavAna (8 mahinA 21 divasa), 14. zrI anaMtanAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 9 divasa), 15. zrI dharmanAtha svAmI (8 mahinA 26 divasa), 16. zrI zAMtinAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 7 divasa), 17. zrI kuMthunAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 5 divasa), 18. zrI aranAtha prabhu (9 mahinA 8 divasa), 19. zrI mallinAtha prabhu (9 mahinA 7 divasa), 20. zrI munisuvrata svAmI (9 mahinA 8 divasa), 21. zrI naminAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 8 divasa), 22. zrI nemanAtha bhagavAna (9 mahinA 8 divasa), 23. zrI pArzvanAtha prabhu (9 mahinA 7 divasa), 24. zrI mahAvIra svAmI (9 mahinA sADA sAta divasa). 5. zrI pArzvaprabhu 30 varSa sudhI gRhasthAvasthAmAM rahyA. vaizAkha vada 11nA divase vizAkhA nAmanI pAlakhImAM besIne paMcamuSTi loca karyo. e samaye teone aThThamanuM tapa hatuM. emaNe traNaso puruSo sAthe dIkSA lIdhI ane e ja vakhate mana:paryavajJAna pragaTa thayuM. zrI pArzvaprabhue chabasthapaNe 84 divasanI sAdhanA karI. teonuM AyuSya so varSanuM hatuM. trIsa varSa gRhasthAzramamAM, 84 divasa chabastha avasthAmAM ane 70 varSamAM 84 divasa ochA teTalo samaya kevalaparyAyamAM gALyo. ekaso varSa pUrNa thatAM sametazikhara upara 33 sAdhuo sAthe mAsakSamaNanuM tapa pUrNa karIne mokSe padhAryA. emanA nirvANabAda 1230 varSe kalpasUtranuM lekhanakArya thayuM. 6. zrI neminAtha bhagavAnanAM pAMceya kalyANako citrA nakSatramAM thayAM. Aso vada amAsanA divase giranAra parvatanA zikhara upara vetasa nAmanA vRkSa nIce kevaLajJAna ane kevaLadarzana prApta thayAM. 7. zrI RSabhadeva bhagavAnanAM cAra kalyANakArI cyavana, janma, dIkSA ane kevaLajJAna uttarASADhA A nakSatromAM thayAM. jyAre pAMcamuM mokSa kalyANaka abhijita nakSatramAM thayuM. teoe rAjyAvasthAmAM puruSo mATenI 72 kaLAo ane strIo mATenI 64 kaLAomAM gaNita, gIta, nRtya, vAdya, paThana, zikSA, kAvya, gajArohaNa, zAstrAbhyAsa, rasa, maMtra, yaMtra, saMskRta-smRti, vaidaka, Agama, itihAsa jevI 72 kaLAo zIkhavI. emaNe emanI putrI brAhmIne haMsalipi vagere 18 lipi zIkhavI ane bIjI putrI suMdarIne dazAMza gaNita zIkhavyuM. jyAre strIone nRtya, citra, vAjiMtra, maMtra, taMtra, jJAna, vijJAna, dharmAcAra, kezabaMdha jevI 64 kaLAo zIkhavI. bhagavAna mahAvIranAM judAM judAM nAmo A pramANe che : 1. zramaNa, 2. mahAvIra, 3. vaizAlika (vizALA nagarInA upanagara kSatriyakuMDa grAmamAM janmyA hatA.), 4. muni (dIrghakALa sudhI mauna pALanArA), 5. mAhaNa (kharA brAhmaNanI jema jIvana vitAvanAra), 6. kAzyapa (gautra parathI), 7. devArya (bhagavAna mahAvIra gAmaDAMomAM vicaratA tyAre govALiyA vagere sAdhAraNa loko temane devArya kahIne saMbodhatA hatA), 8. dIrgha tapasvI, 9. vIra ane 10. aMtya kAzyapa (kAzyapa gotranA chellA tIrthaMkara). 8 .

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10. kalya" 156 kumArapALa desAI 9. "kalpasUtra'nI ghaNI kaMDikAomAM "teNe kAleNe teNe samaeNe samaNe bhagave mahAvIre..." vAkyakhaMDa vAraMvAra prayojAyo che. te kALe, te samaye, zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIre..." jevo artha dharAvatuM A vAkya vAraMvAra Ave che, chatAM e punarAvartana nahIM lAge. enA zravaNathI zrotA eka prakAranA tAdRzyano anubhava kare che. AlekhAtI ghaTanA zrotAne mAnasapratyakSa thaI jAya che. A paMktionA punaH punaH zravaNathI bhAvanI dRDhatA sadhAya che ane hRdayamAM ullAsa anubhavAya che. ardhamAgadhI bhASAmAM lakhAyelI A lalita komala padAvali prabhu mahAvIranI vANInuM smaraNa karAve che. madhura paNa saghana ane mAhitIpUrNa. kiMtu hRdayasparzI rIte lakhAyelA A graMthano pratyeka zabda ghUMTIghUMTIne lakhAyo hoya tema prayojAyo che. kalpasUtramAM judA judA aneka viSayonuM varNana maLe che, emAM mukhyatve sAdhusAdhvIonA AcAronuM Alekhana maLe che. cAturmAsa, pratikramaNa, gocarI ane sAdhu-sAdhvIne vaMdana jevA dasa mukhya AcAronI vAta karavAmAM AvI che. enA viSayonI vaheMcaNI paNa vyAkhyAna pramANe karavAmAM AvI che. jema ke (1) pahelA vyAkhyAnamAM 10 kalpa, kalpamahimA tathA namutthaNeno samAveza thAya che. (2) bIjA vyAkhyAnamAM dasa accherA tathA bhagavAna mahAvIranA 28 pUrva bhavonuM varNana che. (3) trIjA vyAkhyAnamAM 14 sapanonuM varNana hovAnI sAthe svapnazAstrAdi mukhyatve che. (4) cothA vyAkhyAnamAM bhagavAna mahAvIranAM mAtA-pitA trizalAdevI, siddhArtharAjA AdinI jIvanacaryA tathA prabhunA janmanuM varNana AlekhAyuM che. (5) pAMcamA vyAkhyAnamAM bhagavAna mahAvIrano janmotsava, pAThazALAgamana, lagna tathA dIkSAdinuM varNana che. (9) chaThThI vyAkhyAnamAM bhagavAna mahAvIrane thayelA ghora upasargonuM varNana che. suMdara tArkika yukti pramANa ane jaina tattvaciMtanano arka darzAvatuM gaNadharavAdanuM tathA bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa samayanuM varNana maLe che. (7) sAtamA vyAkhyAnamAM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, neminAtha, RSabhadevanAM jIvanacaritro tathA vIsa jinanA AMtarakALanuM varNana vizeSa che. (8) AThamA vyAkhyAnamAM sthavirAvali varNavavAmAM Ave che. bhagavAna mahAvIra pachI 11 gaNadharo ane temanI eka hajAra varSanI pATa paraMparAnA ziSya-praziSyAdi mahApuruSonuM aitihAsika varNana che. (9) navamA vyAkhyAnamAM samAcArI-zramaNonI AcAravicAranI saMhitAnI samajaNa che. A pramANe nava vyAkhyAnomAM saMpUrNa kalpasUtra AvarI levAyuM che. e nava vyAkhyAno paryuSaNa mahAparvanA ATha divasomAM vaMcAya che. paryuSaNanA prathama traNa divasomAM aSTAtrikA pravacano cAle che. pahelA divase amAripravartana, caitya paripATI, aThThamanA tapa, kSamApanA ane sAdharmika vAtsalya, A pAMca viSayo para pravacana apAya che. bIje divase zrAvakanAM vArSika agiyAra kartavyo ane trIjA divase pauSadha vratano mahimA darzAvavAmAM Ave che. paryuSaNa parvanA cothA, pAMcamA, chaThThA ane sAtamA ema A cAra divasomAM zrI kalpasUtranA savAre bapore ema be vakhata kula ATha vyAkhyAno vAMcavAnI paraMparA che. (9muM vyAkhyAna vAMcavAnI

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LIMITE W ]]> 'kalpasUtra'nI citrAvali saMgamadeve karelA upasarga polAza caityamAM saMgamadeva dvArA cha-cha mahinA sudhI bhagavAna mahAvIrane karavAmAM AvelA anukULa ane pratikULa upasargo darzAvatA A citramAM bhagavAna kAussaga mudrAmAM UbhA che. be bAju UbhelA be puruSo kAnamAM khIlA mAre che. jamaNI bAju vIMchI ane kUtaro che ane DAbI bAju vAgha ane be paga pAse be ghaDA che, je emanA paga vacce peTAvelA agninA sUcaka che. zrI mahAvIra pratimA 'kalpasUtra'nA prAraMbhe bhagavAna mahAvIranuM citra hoya che. emanI pratimAne aMgaracanA karI hoya tevuM A citra emanA vananuM citra gaNAya che. madhyamAM padmAsananI mudrAmAM birAjamAna bhagavAnanA pagamAM siMhanuM lAMchana che. cheka upara hAthI abhiSeka kare che ane tenI upara zveta haMsonI hAramALA che.

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mahAvIra mokSA vi.sa. pUrve 470 varSe Aso vada amAsanI rAtrInA pAchalA pahore pAvApurImAM bhagavAna mahAvIra mokSa pAmyA. ahIM bhagavAna mahAvIra Asana para beThA che. nIce parvatanAM zikharo batAvyAM che, te pAvApurI-sametazikhara che. upara chatra ane be vRkSa che, to nIce ardhacaMdrano AkAra te siddhazilA sUcave che. pArzvapratimA bhagavAna mahAvIra pUrve 50 varSa pahelAM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha mokSe gayA. ahIM siMhAsana para padmAsane birAjamAna zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanuM citra che. temanuM lAMchana nAga che ane saptaphaNAvALo nAgarAje emanA mastaka para phaNAnuM chatra dhAraNa karyuM che.

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nemikumAranI jAnA zrI nemikumAra rAjulane paraNavA mATe jAna joDIne AvyA che. jharUkhAmAM rAjula beThI che. AgaLa cha nRtyAMganAo nRtya kare che. azva upara nemikumAra beThA che ane temanI pAchaLa rathamAM jAnaiyAo che. : T - -: T-TAT RSabhadeva bhagavAnanuM samavasaraNA puramatAla nagarInI bahAra vaDavRkSa nIce phAgaNa vada agiyArasanA divase zrI RSabhadevane kevaLajJAna utpanna thayuM ane devoe emanA samavasaraNanI racanA karI, jemAM besIne bhagavAna RSabhadeve dezanA ApI. ahIM traNa gaDhavALuM samavasaraNa che. madhyamAM bhagavAna RSabhadevA birAjamAna che. samavasaraNanA cAra dvAra che, DAbI bAju RSabha ane jamaNI bAju siMha che. nIce DAbI bAju nAga ane jamaNI bAju mora che. e darzAve che ke samavasaraNamAM bhagavAnanI dezanA sAMbhaLavA AvelAM prANIo paNa emanuM janmajAta vera vIsarI jatA. hatA. po RETIRED " T TET IDEOL - PASSA SUTEIKI

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GIVE TV [E kozA ane rathakAra kAma-vijetA sthUlibhadra ane kozAnI kathAnA A citramAM rathakAra nAmano dhanika kozA pAro AvIne AmavRkSa paranI kerIne eka pachI eka tIra mArI toDI ApavAnI potAnI kaLA batAve che. kozAe sarasavanA DhagalAmAM soya UbhI rAkhI tenA para phUla mUkI nRtya karI batAvyuM. e ghaTanAne ahIM darzAvavAmAM AvI che. e pachI kozAe zreSTha kaLA tarIke kAmavijetA sthUlibhadranI stuti karIne thakArane vAsanAmukta karyo. F Jent WELC zrI gautamasvAmI ane aSTamaMgala mAMgalika mATenA A citramAM devakulikAnI madhyamAM padmAsana vALIne zrI gautamasvAmI birAjamAna che. emanA jamaNA hAthamAM navakAravALI, jamaNA khabhA para mutpatti ane DAbA DhIMcaNa para rajoharaNa che. be bAju munirAjo vaMdana kare che ane devakulikAnI upara mora kaLA kare che ane nIce aSTamaMgalanAM citro (upara - darpaNa, bhadrAsana, vardhamAna ane kaLaza tathA nIce - matsyayugala, zrIvatsa, svastika ane naMdyAvartI che. E DI

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kalpasUtra 157 praNAlikA kvacit maLe che kharI.) aMtima AThamo divasa saMvatsarI mahAparvano che. te divase zrI bArasAstranuM vAcana tathA sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karavAmAM Ave che. kalpasUtramAM mukhya viSayonI sAthosAtha judA judA viSayo AvarI levAmAM AvyA che, jema ke bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvanacaritramAM garbhApaharaNanI ghaTanA maLe che. svapnazAstra, vaidakazAstra, hastarekhA-zAstra, ratnonI jAtio, pApanAM phaLa, judI judI gatiomAM jIvonuM gamanAgamana, jAtismaraNa, jJAna jevAM aneka judA judA viSayono AmAM samAveza thayo che. Ama kalpasUtrano mahimA jaina dharmano pAyo darzAvavAmAM, tIrthakaronI apUrvatA ane sAdhu paraMparAnI mahattA gAvAmAM tema ja janasamUhanA vyApaka kalyANanI bhAvanAmAM rahelo che. AjathI Azare 1500 varSa pUrve vIra saMvata (athavA 993 varSe) I. sa. 454mAM gujarAtanA AnaMdapuramAM eka ghaTanA banI. rAjA dhruvasenano yuvAna putra akALa mRtyu pAmyo. nirmohInAM AMsu jagatanA bAgamAM motI vAve che. mohI jIvonAM rudana bharyA bAgane ujjaDa banAve che. zokano pahADa tUTI paDyo hato. sahunA aMtaranAM dvAra biDAI gayAM hatAM. kalpAMta, rudana ane hAhAkAra e zaheranAM zaNagAra banyAM hatAM. dhoLo divasa kALarAtri banI gayo hato. mANasa jANe divase yamanA paDachAyA joto hato. gujarAtanuM vaDanagara (AnaMdapura) pachInuM pATanagara valabhI. rAjA valabhImAM hato. rAjakuTuMba vaDanagaramAM hatuM, paNa baMnemAMthI ekeya sthaLe zAMti na hatI. rAjA rAjakAjamAM adhika racyopacyo rahevA lAgyo, toye udAsInAM vAdaLo dilane gheratAM rahyAM. pravAsamAM adhikAdhika pravRtta rahevA lAgyo, paNa zrAvaNanA Abha jevuM aMtara saravara varasI jatuM. eNe vicAryuM ke have to kaMI uttama dharmazravaNa enA dharmakaraNI dilane AsAeza ApI zake tema che. A pUrve vara nirvANa saMvata 980 (vi. saM. 510, I.sa. 454)mAM pAMcamA saikAmAM gujarAtanA vallabhIpuramAM kalpasUtranuM lekhana thayuM hatuM. bhagavAna mahAvIranA sattAvIsamA paTTadhara ane aMtima pUrvadhara zrI devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNanI vAcanA samaye kalpasUtranuM lekhana thayuM ane te graMthArUDha thayuM hatuM. A graMthanuM sthAna Agama jeTaluM pavitra hatuM. munirAjo paryuSaNa kalpamAM A kalpasUtrane vAMcatA ane sAMbhaLatA. sAdhuo sudhI ja enuM vAMcana-zravaNa sImita hatuM. uttama dharmazravaNathI dilane AsAyeza ApavA mATe kalpasUtranuM vi. saM. 232 (vIrasaMvata 953)mAM prathama vAra AmajanatA sAme vaDanagaramAM kalpasUtra vaMcAyuM. vaDanagaranI e bhUmine jJAna ane tapathI pAvana karanAra AcArya hatA zrI dhanezvarasUrijI. te divasathI paryuSaNa parvamAM "kalpasUtra' AbAlavRddhane sAMbhaLavA mATe khulluM mukAyuM. chellAM 1549 varSathI saMgha samakSa enuM vAcana thAya che. - kalpasUtrane "bArasA sUtra" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AnuM kAraNa eTaluM ke kalpasUtranuM lakhANa 291 kaMDikA che ane tenuM mApa 1200 ke tethI vadhu gAthA ke zlokapramANa jeTaluM gaNI zakAya.

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158 kumArapALa desAI zrAvaNI amAvAsyAe zarU thatuM te bhAdaravA suda trIja sudhI artha sAthe vaMcAtuM. paNa saLaMga vAMcanathI koI vaMcita rahI gayuM hoya to bhAdaravA suda cothe AkhA bAraso zlokono mukhapATha thato. lalita madhura padAvalivALA ardhamAgadhI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA kalpasUtramAM bhagavAna mahAvIranuM caritra atyaMta vistRta rIte AlekhAyeluM che. te pachI pArzvanAthacaritra, neminAthacaritra ane RSabhacaritra maLe che. jyAre bIjA tIrthaMkaro vize mAtra be-cAra lITI ja maLe che. tIrthaMkaronAM caritronuM Alekhana pazcAnupUrvIthI eTale ke chellA thayA tenuM paheluM varNana ka2vAmAM AvyuM che. Ama mahAvIrasvAmInA caritrathI AraMbha karavAmAM Avyo che ane pachI kramasara bhUtakALamAM jaIne chelle vartamAna covIsInA prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva bhagavAnanuM jIvana AlekhAyuM che. kalpasUtranA traNa mukhya vibhAga che. temAM pahelA vibhAgamAM sAdhuonI samAcArI darzAvI che. cAturmAsa daramiyAna jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIonA AcAra-pAlananA niyamo darzAvyA che. bIjo bhAga sthavirAvalino che. jemAM gaNadhara gautamathI zarU karIne sudharmA, jaMbu, bhadrabAhu, sthUlibhadra, kAlaka vagere sthavironI paraMparA ane zAkhAo varNavavAmAM AvI che. jyAre trIjA bhAgamAM vartamAna covIsInA tIrthaMkaronAM caritro maLe che. AmajanatAne anulakSIne enA kramamAM pheraphAra thayo che. emAM prathama sAdhujIvananA dasa vidhikalponI carcA hatI ane sAdhu samAcArInuM varNana mukhya hatuM. te gauNa thayuM. jyAre covIsa tIrthaMkaronAM jIvana ane temAM paNa traNa (pArzvanAtha, neminAtha ane RSabhadeva bhagavAna) tIrthaMkaronAM jIvana ane temAMya bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmInuM jIvana mukhya pada pAmyuM. paryuSaNanA divasomAM pAMcamA divasanA vyAkhyAnamAM kalpasUtra vAcanamAM trizalAmAtAnAM cauda maMgalakArI mahAsvapna ane bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmInA janmotsavanI pAvana ghaTanAnuM vAcana thAya che. e divasa mahAvIra janmakalyANaka (zrI mahAvIra janmavAcana dina) tarIke UjavAya che. A divase supana (svapna) utAravAnI ane janma-vadhAIno utsava UjavavAnI prathA cheka prAcIna samayathI cAlI AvI che. vizvabharamAM jyAM jyAM jaino hoya tyAM tyAM bhagavAna mahAvI2-svAmInA janmano A divasa ati utsAhapUrvaka UjavAya che ane e samaye anokho dharmotsAha jovA maLe che. eka kavi kahe che tema, 'kalpasUtra kalpataru samAna che.' e tarunA bIja rUpe mahAvIra caritra, aMkura rUpe pArzvacaritra, thaDa rUpe nemacaritra, zAkhA rUpe RSabhacaritra, puSpa rUpe sthavirAvali ane sugaMdha rUpe samAcArI che. 'A kalpasUtrarUpa kalpavRkSanuM phaLa mokSa che.' kalpasUtranuM vAcana ane zravaNa e pApanivAraka gaNAya che ane ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke chaThThaaThThamanI tapazcaryA karIne A graMthanuM vAcana karavAmAM Ave to ene avazya mokSaphaLa Ape che. ema paNa kahevAyuM che ke je vyakti kalpasUtranu A rIte ekavIsa vakhata vidhipUrvaka zravaNa kare che, te AThamA bhave mokSe jAya che.

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kalpasUtra 159 caritAvali, samAcArI vagere dvArA 'kalpasUtra'mAM ADakatarI rIte ghaNI dunyavI bAbatonI carcA karI che. nava rasa, dharma ane vyavahAradarzaka aneka vAto ane garbhathI mAMDI mokSa sudhInA vikAsanI prakriyAo ApavAmAM AvI che. samasta AgamomAM cAra anuyoga mukhyatve che : (1) dravyAnuyoga (2) gaNitAnuyoga, (3) caraNaka2NAnuM yoga ane (4) dharmakaraNAnuyoga. A cAre anuyoganA viSayonI vAta kalpasUtramAM maLe che. kalpasUtranA mAhAtmyane kAraNe enA zravaNa aMge paNa keTalAka niyamo hoya che ane e ja rIte kalpasUtranI pratane kaI rIte gharamAM padharAvI zakAya tenuM paNa varNana maLe che. kalpasUtra vize aneka AcAryo ane vidvAnoe TIkA lakhI che. e ja darzAve che ke kalpasUtra keTaluM badhuM pracalita che. vikhyAta jarmana vidvAna DaoN. harmana jekobIe suMdara prastAvanA sAthe kalpasUtrano aMgrejI anuvAda pragaTa karyo, tyArathI videzI vidvAnomAM paNa kalpasUtra jANItuM banyuM che. 17mI sadImAM ja traNa TIkAo racAI che. chelluM khImazAhI kahevAtuM paM. zrI khImavijayajIgaNie raceluM TabArUpa kalpasUtra mahemadAvAdamAM taiyAra thayuM che. I. sa. 1707mAM te naga2zeTha hemAbhAI ane premAbhAInI upasthitimAM vaMcAyuM hatuM. e samaye naga2zeTha hemAbhAIe sarva zrotAone eka-eka rUpiyAnI prabhAvanA ApI hatI. 12mIthI 15mI sadInI citrakalAmAM jainonI AgavI citrakalA vikAsa pAmI. 15mI sadImAM sAcA sonAnI zAhIthI ane rUpAnI zAhIthI kaMDArAyeluM kalpasUtra Aje mojUda che. kalpasUtranI prato suMdara citrothI sabhara hoya che. rajapUtAnA zailI ane mughala ane parziyana zailImAM enAM citro maLe che. vartamAna samaye paNa kalpasUtranAM aneka citro banAvIne pratAkAre ke pustakAkAre enuM prakAzana thayuM che temaja saMvatsarInA divase kalpasUtranA vAcana samaye A citronuM darzana karAvavAnI paNa prathA che. jema pUrvAcAryo ane vidvAnoe A graMthanA vivaraNa rUpe hajAro zloka lakhyA che, e ja rIte aneka dharmapremIoe kalpasUtranI hastaprata taiyAra karAvIne ene jJAnabhaMDAramAM padharAvavAnuM atyaMta pavitra kArya karyuM che. kalpasUtranI sauthI jUnAmAM jUnI hastaprata vi. saM. 1247mAM tADapatra para lakhAyelI maLe che, jyAre duniyAnI moMghAmAM moMghI hastapratomAM kalpasUtranI hastapratono samAveza thAya che. 1500 varSa pahelAM rAjA dhruvasena mATe kalpasUtra kalpataru samAna nIvaDyuM. enA zoka ane moha dUra thayA. kartavyano ullAsa ane dharmano cittAnaMda sahune prApta thayo. 'kalpasUtra'mAM kriyAnI yamunAmAM jJAnanI gaMgAno saMgama thayo. be pAMkhothI paMkhI UDe tema kriyA ane jJAna baMne hoya to ja AtmA UrdhvatA sAdhe AvA zrI kalpasUtra vize prasiddha ukti che - 'vItarAgathI vaDo na deva, muktithI na moTuM pada, zatruMjayathI na vaDuM tIrtha, kalpasUtrathI na moTuM zruta.'

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jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo bhAratamAM hajAro varSothI jJAnanI dhArA paraMparAgata avicchinna rUpe vahetI AvI che. jaina dharmamAM zAstro zruta paraMparA rUpe cAlyAM AvatAM hatAM. vaidika kALathI bhAratanA RSimunioe paNa vedo, upaniSado dvArA bhAratIya prajAne jJAnano vAraso arpaNa karyo che. bhAratIya jJAna zruti ane smRtinA saMgraha dvArA Aja sudhI jaLavAI rahyuM che. jJAnabhaMDAronuM mahattva : jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM sacavAyelA jJAnavArasAne ati mahattva kema ApavAmAM Ave che ? sauprathama zrata gaNadhara bhagavaMtonI ziSya paraMparAmAM zrata zrImukhe sacavAtuM rahyuM. paraMtu samayanA vaheNanI sAthe dukALo vagerenA kAraNe temaja yAdazakti paNa kamajora thavAnA kAraNe zrata bhulAvA mAMDyuM tyAre bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI 980 varSa vi. saM. . 510mAM zruta devardhigaNikSamAzramaNanI adhyakSatAmAM 500 AcAryonI vAcanA valabhIpuramAM thayelI tyArathI zrutane TakAvavA mATe kaMThasthIkaraNanI sAthe sAthe lekhanaparaMparAno prAraMbha thayo. e rIte A kRtadharoe zrutajJAnane graMthasthIkaraNanI paraMparA vaDe surakSita banAvyuM. zrutalekhanano zrI devardhigaNikSamAzramaNe prAraMbha karAvIne dvAdazAMgI ane AgamagraMthonI aneka prato taiyAra karAvI. A divya zrutajJAnano vAraso jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM sacavAyelo maLe che. tenA kAraNe A jJAnabhaMDAromAM sacavAyeluM jJAna ati mahattvanuM che. tethI ja jaina bhaMDAronuM mahattva AjanA kALamAM savizeSa che. hastaprata paribhASA : mudraNakaLAnA AvirbhAva pahelAM barUnA kittA vaDe kALI zAhIthI nizcita karelA mApanA TakAu kAgaLa para kanubhAI ela. zAha

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jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo lekhana karAvavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. lahiyAone tAlIma ApI sArA akSare lekhana karAvAtuM hatuM. hastapratane saMskRtamAM pANDalipa kahevAmAM Ave che. jyAre aMgrejImAM maeNnyuskripTa kahe che. A laeNTina zabda che. eno akSarazaH artha thAya che - hAthathI lakheluM. hAthe lakhAyela graMthanI nakala hastaprata tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. arthAt hAtha dvArA likhita prAcIna sAmagrI jenuM aitihAsika, sAmAjika, dArzanika ane vaijJAnika mahattva hoya tene pA ulipi athavA hastaprata kahI zakAya. A book, document or the like, written by hand; a writing of any kind, as distinguished from printed matter eka pustaka, dastAveja (DaoNkyumenTa) ane e sivAya anya hastalikhita sAmagrI je koI paNa uddezathI hAthathI lakhAyelI hoya ke je mudrita na hoya. hAthathI lakheluM lakhANa pachI bhale ne te kAgaLa para lakhAyeluM hoya, ke mATI, paththara, dhAtu, lAkaDuM, bhUrjapatra, tADapatra ke anya paripATI upara lakhAyuM hoya. A hastapratomAM chApavA ApatAM pahelAMnAM tamAma lakhANono samAveza karI zakAya. - 161 A hastaprartAmAM ApaNA RSi-maharSio, sAdhu-sAdhvIjI bhagavaMtonA upadeza athavA alaukika darzana saMgrahAyela che. A jJAna-vArasAne kAraNe bhAratane jagadgurunA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Avato hato, je ApaNA mATe gaurava samAna bInA hatI. A prAcIna dharoharane ApaNA pUrvajoe aneka saMkaTono sAmano karIne, videzIonAM AkramaNo sahIne, kudaratI ApattiothI, jIva-jaMtuothI bacAvIne ApaNA sudhI surakSita pahoMcADI che ane eTale ApaNI paNa pharaja bane che ke A prAcIna jJAna-vArasAne AvanArI peDhIo sudhI surakSita pahoMcADavo. A hetu-dhyeyane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ApaNA pUrvajo-zreSThIoe aneka jJAnabhaMDAronuM nirmANa karIne, jJAnane vyavasthita sAcavyuM che je gauravaprada ane sarAhanIya che. jaina jJAnabhaMDAro : AcArya zrI devardhigaNikSamAzramaNe graMthalekhanano prAraMbha karAvyA bAda AcArya bhagavaMtonI preraNAthI rAjarSioe, maMtrIzrIoe temaja dhanADhya zrAvakoe hastaprato lakhAvIne graMthabhaMDAronI sthApanA karelI che. paThana-pAThana mATe guru bhagavaMtone graMtha vahorAvavAnuM puNyakAma gaNAya che. tethI jaina saMpradAyamAM A jJAnapravRttinA kAryane uttejana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. hastaprato lakhAvavAnuM kAma dhanADhya zrAvakone mATe gauravaprada lekhAtuM. solaMkI suvarNayugamAM seMkaDo graMthonI racanA tathA lekhanAdi pravRtti khUba ja pramANamAM vikaselI jaNAya che. te samayamAM racAyeluM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza sAhitya maLI Ave che. teramA saikAmAM thaI gayelA gujarAtanA prasiddha maMtrI jJAnapremI zrI vastupAle aDhAra karoDa rakama kharcIne pATaNa, khaMbhAta ane dhoLakA sthaLe graMthabhaMDAro sthApyA hatA. mahArAjA kumArapALe 21 jJAnabhaMDAronI sthApanA karyAnI noMdha AcArya hemacaMdrAcAryaracita 'kumArapAla prabaMdha'mAM maLe che. gujarAtanA jJAnabhaMDAro : gujarAtanA jJAnabhaMDAro mahattvanA ane samRddha jJAnabhaMDAro che. kobA, pATaNa, khaMbhAta, lIMbaDI, naDiyAda, amadAvAda, sUrata, pAlanapura, rAdhanapura, vaDodarA, DabhoI, mAMgaroLa, koDAI ityAdi. AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira, kobA : A jJAnamaMdiramAM be lAkha karatAM adhika hastaprato, traNa hajAra jeTalI tADapatrIya prato ane doDha lAkha karatAM adhika prakAzano che.

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kanubhAI ela. zAha hastapratonI vizeSatA samI dvipATha, tripATha ane paMcapAThayukta hastaprato paNa jovA maLe che. tADapatrIya graMthomAM prAcIna prata 'zrI caMdraprajJaptisUtra' aMdAjita 10mI sadInI che. kAgaLanI jUnAmAM jUnI prAcIna prata vi. saM. 1403nI maLe che. Agama, nyAyadarzana, kAvya, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, koza, jyotiSa, vAstuzAstra, maMtra-taMtra, zilpa, kalA, sthApatya, Ayurveda ityAdi viSayone AvarI letI judA judA samayagALAnI hastaprato upalabdha che. 162 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda : AgamaprabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI ma.sA.nI preraNA ane zeThazrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI parivAranA Arthika sahayogathI vijayAdazamI vi. saM. 2013nA roja munizrI puNyavijayajI ma.sA.nI 9001 bahumUlya pratonI bheTathI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranI amadAvAdamAM sthApanA thaI hatI. A graMthabhaMDAramAM aMdAje 65 hajAra jeTalA hastalikhita graMthono saMgraha che. bhoLAbhAI jezIMgabhAI adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana (bho. je. vidyAbhavana) : bho. je. vidyAbhavananA hastapratasaMgrahamAM kAgaLa para lakhAyela saMskRta, prAkRta, arabI-phArasI, urdU, apabhraMza vagere bhASAnA 16000 jeTalA hastaprata graMtho che. temAM tADapatrIya graMthono paNa samAveza thayelo che. gUjarAta vidyApITha graMthAlaya : gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM jaina nAgarI, devanAgarImAM lakhAyelI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI ane hindI bhASAmAM Agama, vidhividhAna, AcAra, karma, bhUgoLa, tattvajJAna, jyotiSa ityAdi viSayonI 691 pratono saMgraha che. amadAvAdanA anya bhaMDAromAM paMDita rUpavijayajIgaNi jJAnabhaMDAra, paM. zrI vIravijaya jaina upAzraya TrasTa jJAnabhaMDAra, vijayadAnasUri jJAnabhaMDAra, vijayanemasUri jJAnabhaMDAra, saMvegI jaina upAzraya jJAnabhaMDAra, vijayasurendrasUri jaina jJAnabhaMDAra ityAdi jJAnabhaMDAromAM vividha viSayonI hastaprato upalabdha che. gujarAtanA jJAnabhaMDAromAM pATaNa, khaMbhAta, pAlanapura, rAdhanapura, kheDA, chANI, vaDodarA, pAdarA, DabhoI, bharUca, sUrata vageremAMthI pATaNa ane khaMbhAtanA jJAnabhaMDAro savizeSa mahattvanA che. pATaNanA jJAnabhaMDAro : pATaNanA jJAnabhaMDAro vizvaprasiddha che. A bhaMDAroe deza-videzanA vidvAnone AkarSyA che. karnala ToDe temanA pustaka 'rAjasthAnano itihAsa'mAM A graMthonI mAhitIno upayoga karyo hato. pATaNanA lagabhaga badhA ja hastapratabhaMDArone zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jJAnamaMdiranI sthApanA thatAM temAM samAvI levAmAM AvyA. pATaNanA aDhAra jeTalA jJAnabhaMDAromAM sacavAyelI amUlya jJAnasaMpattimAM hajAro kAgaLa para lakhAyelI temaja seMkaDo tADapatro para lakhelI hastapratono samAveza thAya che. khaMbhAtanA jJAnabhaMDAro : mukhya cAra graMthabhaMDAro paikI zAMtinAthano bhaMDAra gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA sauthI prAcIna ane mUlyavAna hastabhaMDAro paikIno eka che. A bhaMDAromAM tADapatra para lakhAyelI 12mA, 13mA ane 14mA saikAnI hastaprato maLe che. pATaNa ane jesalameranI jema

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163 jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo khaMbhAte paNa saMzodhako ane vidvAnone AkarSyA che. vikramanA aDhAramA saikAmAM thaI gayelA suprasiddha jainAcArya ane kavi zrI jJAnavimalasUrie saMskRta ane gujarAtImAM aneka racanAo karI che. zrI yazovijayajInI keTalIka kRtio upara temaNe bAlAvabodha athavA gujarAtI gadya TIkAo racelI che jeno Aje paNa vidvAno abhyAsa kare che. jJAnavimalasUrinuM sAcuM smAraka sakkaraparAmAM AvelI pagalAMvALI daherI nahi, paraMtu emanA nAmano jJAnavimalasUri graMthabhaMDAra ja temanuM eka viziSTa ane gauravabharyuM smAraka kahI zakAya. zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe khaMbhAtanA graMthabhaMDAro upara AkAzavANI parathI ApelA vArtAlApamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM jainonI ThIka ThIka vastIvALuM eka paNa zahera ke kambo bhAgye ja haze, jemAM nAno-moTo hastalikhita graMthabhaMDAra na hoya. A kathana uparathI phalita thAya che ke jainetaroe potAno sAMskRtika vAraso jALavavA jaina samAjanI tulanAe bhAgye ja prayatna karyo che. saurASTramAM AvelA pAlitANA, mAMgaroLa, jAmanagara, lIMbaDI, bhAvanagara, ghoghA, vaDhavANa kaeNmpa vagere sthaLoe AvelA jJAnabhaMDAromAM lIMbaDIno jJAnabhaMDAra savizeSa mahattvano che. emAM abhyAsa karI zakraya evI 3500 karatAM paNa vadhu prato che. A saMgrahamAM vikramanA paMdaramA saikA sudhInI ghaNI agatyanI prato che. suvarNAkSarI prato temaja suvarNAkSarI citro sAthenuM kalpasUtra vagere mahAna graMtho ahIM vidyamAna che. jesalameranA jJAnabhaMDAro : jesalameramAMnA pahADa para Avela killAmAM rAjAno mahela che temaja jainoe baMdhAvelAM ATha zikharabaMdha maMdiro che jene ati bhavya kalAnAM dhAmo kahI zakAya. AvAM kalAdhAmo vacce vizvavikhyAta jaina bhaMDAro jene jJAnatIrtho kahI zakAya evA 10 bhaMDAro AvelA che. A jJAnabhaMDAromAM aMdAje bArathI tera hajAra jeTalI hastaprata graMthasaMkhyA che. AmAM mahattvanA - tADapatrIya graMthono paNa samAveza thayelo che. A uparAMta bIkAnera, bADamera, nAgora, pAlI, jAlora, muMDArA, ratalAma, udepura, hoziyArapura, AgrA, zivapurI, kAzI, bAucara, kaoNlakAtA vagere sthaLoe paNa jJAnabhaMDAro AvelA hastapratabhaMDAronI vizeSatAo : jaina jJAnabhaMDAro e bhAratIya saMskRtimAM vArasAnA sAcA saMrakSako che. A jJAnabhaMDAronA kAraNe ja ApaNe ApaNI prAcIna saMskRtinI sAcI oLakha meLavavA bhAgyazALI thayA chIe. eka hajAra varSano saLaMga itihAsa ApaNane bhaMDAromAM saMgrahAyelI hastapratone kAraNe jANavA maLe che temaja hastapratomAM sacavAyelI jJAnavArasAnI vizeSatAo paNa jovA maLe che. binasAMpradAyikatAnuM darzana : cAvaDA vaMzanA pahelA rAjA vanarAje I. sa. 745-46mAM aNahilavADa pATaNa vasAvyuM hatuM ane tyAre pATaNa gujarAta rAjyanI rAjadhAnI hatuM. te samayathI te Aja sudhI A pATaNa zahera gujarAtanA jaina dharmanuM mukhya ane mahattvanuM mathaka rahyuM che.

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164 kanubhAI ela. zAha madhyakAlIna samayanA 11mA, 12mA ane 13mA saikAmAM to te jainonuM kendrasthAna hatuM. te samayamAM jaina dharmane udAra rAjyAzraya maLyo hato. tenA lIdhe A AcAryo dharma, tattvajJAna, sAhitya, itihAsa tathA anya viSayo para sAhityanuM sarjana karI zakyA hatA. jaina AcAryoe gujarAtanA pATanagaramAM temaja anya sthAnoe rahIne aneka viSayonuM mAtabara sAhitya racyuM che. madhyakAlIna sAhityamAMthI jainoe racelA sAhitya- saMgraha mATe graMthabhaMDAro paNa jainoe ja sthApyA che ane emAM jainoe potAnA dhArmika sAhitya uparAMta brAhmaNa ane bauddhonA sAhitya ane tattvajJAnaviSayaka graMthonI hastalikhita prato paNa pATaNa, khaMbhAta vagere ThekANe sacavAyelI jovA maLe che. A jaina bhaMDArone lIdhe ja jaina, brAhmaNo tathA bauddhonA prAcIna amUlya graMtho ahIMnA bhaMDAromAMthI maLI Ave che. je anya koI ThekANethI maLe nahIM tevA che. A graMthoe bhAratIya vidvAno, itihAsavettAo ane bhASAzAstrIone AkarSyA che, eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu yuropa ane amerikAnA vidvAnoe paNa A pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAromAMthI vastu hakIkato meLavIne potAnA saMzodhanane vega Apyo che.' I. sa.nA agiyAramA, bAramA ane teramA saikAmAM pATaNanuM rAjakIya mahattva khUba ja hatuM. temaja AcAryazrI hemacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA prabhAvanA kAraNe vidyApravRttine rAjyAzraya maLyo hovAne kAraNe khUba ja vidyApravRtti vikasI hatI. A samayamAM itihAsa, dharma, nIti, tattvajJAna sAhitya saMbaMdhita ghaNA graMthonI racanA thaI hatI. A graMtho ApaNI saMskRtinA saMdarbhe khUba ja mahattvanA puravAra thayA che. jainAcAryo ane sAdhuoe jJAnavardhaka pravRttio vikasAvavAmAM UMDo rasa lIdho hoya tema spaSTa jaNAya che. jesalamera, khaMbhAta, pATaNanA ke anya jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM jaina dharma-tattvajJAna saMbaMdhita sAhitya kharuM ja. A phakta sAMpradAyika sAhityano ja saMgraha nahi, paraMtu bhAratIya vyApaka sAhityano ja e saMgraha samajavo joIe. A bhaMDAro kAgaLa paranI prationA temaja tADapatrIya itara jJAnasaMgrahanA samajavA joIe. muni puNyavijayajIe noMdhyuM che ke "A bhaMDAro vaidika jaina ane bauddhika graMthonI khANarUpa gaNavA joIe. AmAM dareka prakAranA sAhityano saMgraha hovAthI te bhAratIya prajAno aNamola khajAno che.' jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM mAtra jaina kRtio ja maLe che ane tenI sAcavaNI karavAmAM Ave che evuM nathI. A jJAnabhaMDAromAM jaina ane jainetara kRtiono sAhityano samAveza karAyelo jovA maLe che. jaina bhaMDAromAM jaina ane ajaina lekhako dvArA racita kRtio ane jaina dharma temaja anya dharmasaMpradAyonA graMtho uparAMta jJAnavizvanA vividha viSayo jevA ke kAvyazAstra, chaMdazAstra, Ayurveda, jyotiSa, itihAsa-saMskRti, darzanazAstra, vijJAna, lalitakalAo vagerenI hastaprato saMgrahAyelI ane sacavAyelI che. jaina dharma ane darzana viSayanA vipula mAtrAmAM graMthono saMgraha jovA maLe che. paraMtu anya dharma-darzano ke sAhityanA saMgraha pratye jaina samAja ke sAdhuoe sAMpradAyikatA ke aNagamo darzAvyAM nathI. vizeSa to jainetara sAhityanI prApti ane adhyayana mATe jaina munibhagavaMto tatpara rahyA che ane pUrato sahakAra Apelo jovA maLe che. jaina ane jainetara sAhitya dharAvatA A bhaMDAronuM muni bhagavaMtonI preraNAthI ane khuzAlInI

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165 jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo sAthe jaina saMghoe jatana ane rakSaNa karyuM che. Aje jaina bhaMDAromAM anya dharmonI prAcIna durlabha evI hastaprato jema ke bauddhagraMtha hetuvidurIvA, tattvasaMprada, tattvasaMdanA ane mokSAMkarakaguptakRta tamAkA, cArvAka darzanano ekamAtra upalabdha graMtha bhaTTa jayarAzikRta tattvopattiva, rAjazekharakRta kAvyamImAMsA vagere saMgrahAyelAM che. AgamaprabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajIe noMdhyuM che ke, "jJAnabhaMDAro jaina saMpradAyanA hoI koI ema na mAnI le ke e bhaMDAromAM mAtra jaina dharmanA ja graMtho lakhAvAtA haze. pAdavihArI ane vidyAvyAsaMgI jainAcAryo ane jaina zramaNone deza samagranA sAhityanI jarUra paDatI nathI. aneka kAraNosara dezabharanuM sAhitya ekatra karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. jaina bhaMDAromAM paNa jainetara saMpradAyanA vividha sAhityaviSayaka graMtho hajAronI saMkhyAmAM vidyamAna che. ame eTaluM bhArapUrvaka kahIzuM ke jaina zramaNonI peThe ATalA moTA pAyA upara bhAratIya vizvasAhityano saMgraha prAcIna jamAnAmAM bhAgye ja koI bhAratIya jainetara saMpradAye karyo haze, jainetara samAjanA potAnA saMpradAyanA bhaMDAromAM bhagavadgItA, upaniSado ane veda jevA mAnya graMthonI prAcIna prato paNa bhAgye ja maLaze.' solaMkI suvarNa yugamAM sAhitya-samRddhino prazaMsanIya vikAsa thayelo jaNAya che temaja seMkaDo graMthonI racanA tathA lekhanAdi pravRtti puSkaLa pramANamAM vikasI jaNAya che. te samayanA saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza sAhityanI racanAomAM mahArAjA karNadeva, siddharAja jayasiMha, paramahaMsa kumArapAla, bhImadeva, arjunadeva vagere rAjAonAM saMsmaraNo temAM gUMthAyelAM che tathA temanA adhikArIo, maMtrIo vagereno nAma-nirdeza paNa temAM karAyelo che. chellAM bAraso varSonA graMthomAM graMthakArano vizeSa paricaya maLI Ave che. graMthonA aMte lakhelI prazastiomAM teoe potAnI guruparaMparA darzAvI hoya che. graMtha kayA nagaramAM racyo, kayA rAjAnA rAjyamAM racyo, kayA varSe, mAse, mittamAM racyo ? temAM saMzodhanAdi sahAyatA koNe karI ? konI prArthanA-preraNAthI racyo ? graMthanuM zlokapramANa keTaluM che ? vagere aitihAsika Avazyaka sAmagrI emAMthI maLI rahe che. aitihAsika darzana : jainAcAryoe racelA ane lakhAvelA graMthonI prazastio ane puSpikAomAM aitihAsika sAmagrIono aDhaLaka saMcaya thayelo che. gujarAtanA itihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI jaina graMtho, prabaMdho, zilAlekho, rAsAo AdimAMthI maLe che tenuM atizaya mUlya che. prazastio ane puSmikAono abhyAsa jeTalo ane jevo thavo joIe teTalo thayo nathI. prazastio ane hastalikhita graMthonA aMta- bhAge prasiddha thayelI puSmikAomAM ApaNA itihAsalekhanamAM upayogI temaja nAnAM-moTAM gAma-nagaro ane dezo tathA tyAMnA rAjAo, AtmAo, zreSThIo, zAhukAro, kuLo, jJAtio, kuTuMbo aMge rasaprada hakIkato maLe che. - khaMbhAtanA zAntinAtha tADapatrIya bhaMDAramAM kramAMka 214mAM vi. saM. 1212mAM lakhelI zrI zAMtisUrikRta prAkRta "pRthvIcaMdracaritra'nI tADapatrIya pratinA aMtanI puSyikAmAM tAraveza maMtra marIH munaya ratnazani A pramANe mahI nadI ane damaNanA vacalA pradezane lATadeza tarIke jaNAvyo che.

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166 kanubhAI ela. zAha gharmojharezamAnAnuM vivaraNa jayasiMhasUrie saM. 915mAM bhojadeva (pratIhAra) mahArAjAnA rAjya nAgapuramAM racyuM hatuM. kavi RSabhadAsakRta "hIravijayasUrirAsamAMthI mogala kALano keTaloka itihAsa prApta thAya che. samakAlIna prajAjIvananAM keTalAMka pAsAMo paNa gUMthAyelAM jovA maLe che. ghamyuca mahAkAvyanI saM. 1290mAM lakhAyelI tADapatrIya prati zAMtinAthanA bhaMDAramAM prApya che. maMtrI vastupAle potAnA guru vijayasenasUrinA upadezathI zatruMjayano saMgha kADhyo hato. enA aitihAsika vRttAMta sAthenuM dharmakathAone vaNI letuM e saMskRta kAvya che. A kAvyanI vastupAle potAnA svahaste karelI nakala A bhaMDAramAM sacavAyelI che. A vastu eka aitihAsika smAraka jevI mahattvanI bInA che. graMtho uparAMta graMthonI prazastio ane puSpikAo paNa vividha rIte upayogI che. keTalIye hastaprato gujarAtanA caulukya ane vAghelA rAjAonA samayamAM lakhAyelI che. te rAjyo tathA emanA adhikArIo vizenA varSavAra ullekho, je gAmamAM ke nagaromAM lakhAI tenI noMdha emAM maLe che. keTalIka puSyikAo svataMtra kAvya jevI lAMbI hoya che ane temAM e graMtha lakhAvanAra vastunI aneka peDhIono vRttAMta darzAvyo hoya che. gujarAtanA sAmAjika ane dhArmika itihAsa mATe A puSyikAo anekavidha mUlya dharAve che. sAhityika darzana : graMtho lakhAvavAmAM ane tenuM saMrakSaNa karAvavAmAM, tenAM paThana-pAThanamAM, vyAkhyAno dvArA teno sadupayoga karAvavAmAM paropakArI jainAcAryo ane jaina sAdhuonA sadupadeze bahu moTuM pradAna karyuM che. teoe mAtra jainAgamonA graMtho ja lakhAvyA nathI, paraMtu upayogI dareka viSayanAM pustako lakhAvyAM che. tenA saMgraho aneka sthaLoe karAvyA che. temaNe navIna graMthonI racanA karAvyA uparAMta prAcIna graMtho upara vyAkhyAnAdi paNa racyAM hatAM. A pramANe samAja upara emanuM khUba ja RNa raheluM che. maMtrIzvara vastupALe "naranArAyaNAnaMda mahAkAvya racyuM hatuM. je gAyakavADa prAcya graMthamALAmAM (naM-2mAM) prakAzita thaI gayuM che. tenA aMtima sargamAM teNe potAno paricaya Apyo che. temanI prArthanA-preraNAthI naracaMdrasUrie "kathAratnasAgara', narendraprabhasUrie "alaMkAra mahodadhi', bAlacaMdrasUrie "karuNAvaja yuddha nATaka jevA aneka graMthonI racanA karI hatI. maMtrIzvara vastupAlatejapAlanA yazasvI jIvanane uddezI temanA samakAlIna aneka mahAkavioe mahAkAvyo, nATako ane prazastio racyAM hatAM. kavi somezvare "kIrtikaumudI', arisiMhe "sukRtasaMkIrtana', udayaprabhasUrie "sukatakIrti kallolinI" ane bAlacaMdrasUrie vasaMtavilAsa mahAkAvya' tathA naracaMdra ane narendraprabhasUrie prazastio racelI che. muslima yugamAM - alAyadInanA samayamAM Thakkura pheru jevA vidvAne racelA "vAstuzAstra zilpagraMtha' tathA bIjA keTalAka graMtho maLe che. pATaNanA zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jJAnabhaMDAramAM mAtra jaina ja nahi paNa bauddha ane brAhmaNa dharmanI atizaya kImatI hastalikhita prato paNa jovA maLe che. jainonA AgamonA pavitra sAhityanI pratonI dRSTie to A bhaMDAro atyaMta mahattvapUrNa che. Agama sAhityamAM cUrNio, avacUrNio tathA anya

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jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo 167 puSkaLa TIkAsAhityano paNa samAveza thAya che. jUnI gujarAtI bhASAnuM sAhitya paNa A bhaMDAromAM sArI rIte sacavAyeluM che. jaina jJAnabhaMDAro ane sAhityanAM kendro : jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM vipula sAhityasAmagrI upalabdha hovAnA kAraNe keTalAka jJAnabhaMDAro adhyayana-adhyApananAM kendra banyAM hatAM. kAzmIramAM prAcIna sarasvatI bhaMDAra hato. ujjayinI (mALavA), pATaliputra (paTaNA) vagere sthaLo prAcIna samayamAM vidyAnAM kendro banyAM hatAM. mALavAnA mahArAjA sAhasika vikramAditya, muMja ane bhojanA vidyAprema aneka graMthonI racanA karAvI hatI. aneka vidvAnone uttejana-preraNA-protsAhano maLyAM hatAM. gujarAtamAM pATaNa, khaMbhAta, pAlanapura, vijApura, amadAvAda vagere jaina ane jainetara sAhitya ane zikSaNanAM kendro tarIke rahyAM hatAM. tethI A sthaLo ghaNI hastapratonAM sarjana, lekhana ane saMrakSaNanAM kendro tarIke paNa prakhyAta rahyAM che. A badhA jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM jaina bALako tathA sAdhu-sAdhvI bhagavaMtone zikSaNa paNa ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. Aje paNa keTalAka jJAnabhaMDAro temaja upAzrayamAM jaina dharma-tattvajJAnanuM zikSaNa ApavAnI prathA cAlu che. udAharaNa tarIke hemacaMdrAcAryanI pauSadhazALAmAM aneka ziSyo rahetA hatA. "prabhAvakacaritra'nI hastapratanA eka citranI nIce 'hita chAtrAna thAvaraNa-paviti' ema lakheluM che. citrakaLA darzana : sacitra jaina kAgaLa paranI hastaprato ane tADapatrIya hastaprato jaina citrakaLAno prAraMbha kyArathI zarU thayo ane teno kramika vikAsa kevI rIte thayo tenA mATe mahattvano AdhArastaMbha che. gujarAtI jaina citrakaLA ane gujarAtanA jaina bhaMDAromAM saMgRhIta sacitra hastapratonI samRddhine sArAbhAI navAbe temanA pustaka "jaina citrakalpadruma' (1935) ane umAkAnta pI. zAhe "Treasurers of Jain Bhandaras' (1978)mAM darzAvavAno prazaMsanIya prayatna karyo che. jaina kalpasUtronA hAMsiyAnI citrasAmagrI vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. "hAMsiyAnI e apUrva 'kalAsamRddhine duniyA AgaLa rajU karavAnuM mAna A "jaina citrakalpadruma'nA saMpAdaka zrI sArAbhAI navAbane ja che. je namUnA temaNe prApta karI pragaTa karyA che te mATe kaLAnA itihAsamAM temanuM mAna ane sthAna kAyama mATe svIkAravAM paDaze. A hAMsiyAnI citrakaLA e yuganA mAnavIonI sarjanazakti ane apratima zobhAzaktinA saMpUrNa purAvA che." "sajAvyA jaine rasazaNagAra, latAmaMDapa samadharmAgAra' kavi zrI nhAnAlAlanI A paMkti yathArtha eTalA mATe che ke "jainoe A bhUmine ane tenI parvatamALAone jagatamAM jenI joDa nathI tevA kalAnA uttama namUnA samA bhavya prAsAdothI alaMkRta karelI che.ja pATaNanA suprasiddha jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM vibhinna graMthonI sacitra nakalo paNa maLe che. A citro jANe hamaNAM ja doryA hoya ema ghaNAM suMdara lAge che. vaLI A citro pustakanA viSayavastu sAthe paNa saMbaMdha dharAve che. AvA eka citramAM AcArya zrI hemacaMdrasUri kumArapALa rAjAne bodha ApatA jaNAya che. eka citramAM 11mA-12mA zatakamAM guru ziSyane kevI rIte zIkhavatA te darzAveluM che. pATaNanA bhaMDAromAM vividha citrazailIomAM dorelI citrakaLA khAsa dhyAna kheMce che.

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168 kanubhAI ela. zAha zAMtinAthanA bhaMDAramAMnI tADapatra upara lakhAyelI hastaprato kAgaLano vaparAza zarU thayo te pahelAMnI bAramA, teramA ane caudamA saikAnI che. gujarAtanI graMthastha citrakaLAnA keTalAka sauthI jUnA namUnAo e bhaMDAranI tADapatrIya hastapratomAMthI maLe che. "dazavaikAlikasUtra laghuvRtti'nI saM. 1200mAM lakhAyelI hastapratanA chellA pAnA para AcArya hemacaMdra ane rAjA kumArapALanuM vikhyAta citra jovA maLe che. saM. 1184mAM lakhAyelI "jJAtAdharmakathA sUtravRttimAM, caudamA zatakamAM lakhAyelA kalpasUtra'mAM, 13mA saikAmAM lakhAyelA uttarAdhyayanasUtramAM - A sarva tADapatrIya pratiomAM suMdara citro che. soLamA-sattaramA saikAnI AsapAsa vikaselI gujarAtanI graMthastha citrakaLAno cAraso varSa pahelAno itihAsa emAMthI maLe che. A uparAMta rAjasthAnanA jesalamera, jodhapura, jayapura, koTA, udepura, vagere jaina bhaMDAromAM jaina sacitra hastaprato saMgrahAyelI che. kasturacaMda kAzalIvAla likhita Jaina Grantha Bhandar of Rajasthan (1967)mAM badhI vigato upalabdha che. sacitra jaina hastaprato tADapatra, kAgaLa ane kApaDa para maLI rahe che. jainAcAryone cAturmAsa mATe prAcIna samayamAM apAtA vijJapti patromAM je te sthaLa vizenuM citramaya varNana ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. A vijJapti patro aitihAsika dastAveja ane citrakaLAnI adhikRta mAhitI - ema baMne mATe khUba ja agatyano strota che. pATaNa, AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira kobA ane ela. DI. inDaoNlojI - amadAvAdanA bhaMDAromAM vijJapti patro upalabdha che. kalpasUtranI pratomAM suvarNAkSarI zAhIthI dorelA citro Aje paNa eTalAM ja tejasvI lAge che. lipikaLA darzana : lipikaLAno abhyAsa-saMzodhana karavA mATe jena bhaMDAromAM saMgRhIta hastaprato khUba ja upayogI che. ApaNI prAcIna brAhmI athavA vartamAna devanAgarI, gujarAtI Adi lipiono vikAsa kema thayo ane emAMthI krame krame ApaNI lipionAM vividha rUpo kema sarjAyAM e jANavA ane samajavA mATe A jJAnabhaMDAromAMnI judA judA pradezonA lekhakonA hAthe saikAvAra judA judA maroDa ane AkAramAM lakhAyelI pratio ghaNI ja upayogI che. pATaNa, khaMbhAta, jesalamera AdinA graMthasaMgrahomAM rahelI A badhI prAcIna-arvAcIna hastapratio bhAratIya brAhmI lipimAMthI devanAgarI sudhInA kramika vikAsanA abhyAsa-saMzodhana mATe ghaNI ja upayogI che, anivArya che. jaina bhaMDAromAM sacavAyelI dazamA zatakathI te arvAcIna samaya sudhInI hastapratomAMthI lipivikAsano surekha Alekha dorI zakAya tema che. prazastio ane puSpikAo : jJAnabhaMDAromAM saMgRhIta hastapratagraMthonA aMtabhAge lakhAyelI graMthakAra ane graMthalekhakonI prazastiomAM je vividha vigato sAMpaDe che temAMthI sAmAjika, sAhityika aitihAsika ityAdi vigato maLI zake che. ghaNA graMthonA aMtamAM graMtha lakhanAra sadguhasthanA kuTuMbano, temanA satkAryano aitihAsika paricaya, saMskRta - prAkRta prazastinA rUpamAM athavA gadya ullekhamAM Apelo hoya che. emAM ghaNA jJAti vaMzano itihAsa samAyelo che. nAnAM-moTAM gAma-nagaro-dezo tathA tyAMnA rAjAo, amAtyo, temanI TaMkazALAo, lazkarI sAmagrI, zAhukAro, kuLo, jJAtio, kaTuMbo sAthe saMbhavita ghaNI hakIkato Apane A prazasti AdimAMthI prApta thaze. prazastio ane

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jJAnabhaMDAro ane hastapratonI vizeSatAo 169 puSmikAomAM je hakIkato, vastuo ane sAmagrI samAyelI che tenuM pRthakkaraNa karavAmAM Ave to gujarAtI bhASAmAM samRddha sAhityano umero thAya. koza sAhitya : ApaNA jJAnabhaMDAromAM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi bhASAonuM je jainajainetara vipula sAhitya vidyamAna che, temAM ApaNI prAcIna bhASAonA kozone samRddha karavAne lagatI ghaNI ja paryApta sAmagrI che. AcAryazrI hemacaMdrAcArye emanI "dezInAmamAlAmAM ghaNA dezI zabdo vize noMdha karelI jovA maLe che. jo prAcIna hastapratonuM vyavasthita adhyayana karIne zabdonI tAravaNI karavAmAM Ave to zabdabhaMDoLamAM suMdara umeraNa thAya tema che. jaina bhaMDAro vidvAnonA AkarSaNanuM kendra : pATaNa, khaMbhAta ane jesalameranA bhaMDAroe dezavidezanA vidvAno-saMzodhakone AkarSyA che. pATaNanA bhaMDArono abhyAsa karIne karnala ToDe temanA pustaka "rAjasthAnano itihAsamAM A graMthomAMthI adhikRta mAhitI meLavIne upayoga karyo hato. pATaNanA bhaMDAranI mulAkAta lenAra "rAsamALA'nA lekhaka zrI elekajhAnDara phorbasano paNa samAveza thAya che. temanA pachI sane 1873 ane 1875mAM vidvAna DaoN. jI. buhalare paNa mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM muMbaI sarakAranA AyojanathI muMbaInI elphinsTana kaoNleja ane pUnAnI Dekkana kaoNlejanA saMskRtanA prophesarone hastalikhita graMthonI zodha mATe pravAse mokalAtA. temanI zodhakhoLono ahevAla teo sarakArazrIne ApatA. A yojanA anvaye piTarsana, kilahorna, DaoN. Ara. jI. bhAMDArakara ane kAthavaTee saMzodhana-pravAso karelA ane emanA ahevAlo prasiddha thayelA che. pro. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedIne vaDodarA rAjya taraphathI sana 1892mAM mokalavAmAM AvyA hatA. teozrIe navathI daza hajAra prato tapAsI yAdI paNa banAvelI. pro. dvivedI pachI sane 1893nA DisembaramAM pro. piMTarsana paNa A ja kAma mATe muMbaI sarakAra taraphathI nimAyA hatA. tyArabAda zrI sI. DI. dalAle pravartaka zrI kAntivijayajI ane temanA ziSyonI madadathI sane 1915mAM bhaMDAranAM pustako joIne tenI yogya noMdha karavAnA bhagIratha prayatno karelA. A jJAnabhaMDAronA saMgrahanI pratiomAM dazamA zatakathI te vIsamA zataka sudhInA jJAnavArasAnI kaDIbaddha hakIkato jANavA maLe che. A graMthabhaMDAromAMnI prato dvArA sAhityika, aitihAsika, lipikaLA, citrakaLA, kozasAhitya ityAdinI sAmagrI maLI rahe che. te ApaNA sAMskRtika vArasAnI bhavyatAnAM darzana karAve che. jaina kathAsAhitya ApaNA cAlu jIvana-vyavahAra sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI aneka vastuonI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. jaina bhaMDAromAM paNa jainetara saMpradAyanA vividha sAhityaviSayaka graMtho hajAronI saMkhyAmAM vidyamAna che e enI moTI vizeSatA che. bAramAthI ogaNIsamA saikA sudhInuM je vipula sAhitya ApaNane maLe che te jaina saMpradAya 'UbhA karelA jJAnabhaMDArone AbhArI che. svAbhAvika rIte ja emAM jaina sAhitya vadhAre sacavAyuM hoya. prApta madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM jaina saMpradAyano hisso ghaNo moTo - lagabhaga 75 TakA jeTalo

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170 kanubhAI ela. zAha che." hastaprata- bhaMDAromAM hastapratanA abhyAsIonI rAha jotuM aDhaLaka sAhitya paDeluM che. emAMthI madhyakAlIna sAhityanAM ghaNAM taththo pragaTa thAya tema che. jainAcAryo ane munionI jJAnanI sAdhanA uttama prakAranI hatI. temaja temanuM sAhityasarjana paNa eTaluM ja ucca koTinuM hatuM e pATaNa ane anya jJAnabhaMDAronA saMgraha parathI spaSTa mAlUma paDe che. AnA pariNAme dezanA vidyAdhanane jaina saMghoe bhaMDAromAM surakSita rAkhyuM tethI ApaNane ApaNI saMskRtinA bhavya vArasAno saLaMga itihAsa jANavA maLe che. hastapratomAM raheluM sAhitya bahudhA hetulakSI che, sAMpradAyika mahimA jJAnasabhara che. chatAM madhyakAlIna sAhitya aihika jIvanarasothI bharapUra bhAratIya saMskRtine ujAgara karatuM sAhitya che. 2. 3. pAdaTIpa Oxford English Dictionary Vol.-IX, p.344. prajApati maNibhAI, 'zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jaina jJAnamaMdira, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, 73.4 (2008), pR. 1415 sArAbhAI navAba, "jaina citrakalpadruma'bhA-1, pazcima bhAratanI madhyakAlIna citrakaLA pR. 8 e ja pR. 24. koThArI, jayaMta, "na vIsaravA jevo vAraso', madhyAtIna gujarAtI zabdoza, pR. 20 saMdarbha-sAhitya pU. paMnyAsa zrI ramaNIkavijayajI ma.sA.', sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. ane bIjAo (saMpAdako) jJAnAMjali': pU. munizrI puNyavijayajI abhivAdana graMtha vaDodarA, zrI sAgaragaccha jaina upAzraya, I. sa. 1969 'bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakaLA' (jaina citrakaLA), rAjakoTa, jaina zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapagaccha saMgha TrasTa jJAnakhAtuM munizrI puNyavijayajI', zAha jitendra (saMpA.). bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakaLA, amadAvAda, RtaratnAkara, I. sa. 2010, rU. 250/prajApati, maNibhAI (saMpA.), graMthAnAzAtre zivandarzana (DaoN. zivadAnabhAI ema. cAraNa abhivAdana graMtha), bAkarola, zivadAna ema. cAraNa abhivAdana samiti, 2012, ISBN-978-81-87471-72-1

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vartamAna samayamAM jaina-saMskAranuM mahattva kahe che ke, "jIvana saMskRta kare te saMskAra." jaina saMskAronA cAra prakAra che : (1) mULabhUta saMskAro - je jIvana jIvavAnI kaLA zIkhave che. (2) jIvanazailI ghaDanAra saMskAro. (3) AdhyAtmika saMskAro. (4) saiddhAMtika saMskAro. A cAre saMskAro vartamAna jagatamAM kevI rIte upayogI che tenI carcA ApaNe ahIM karIzuM. 1. mULabhUta saMskAro : AThamI sadImAM pravartatA AcArya haribhadrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja sAhebe potAnA SoDazaka prakaraNa" graMthamAM A mULabhUta saMskAronI vAta karI che. jenI vartamAna samayamAM khUba AvazyakatA che. (1) aucitya - aucitya eTale saumyatA, bhadratA. A saMskArathI vANI ane vartanamAM viveka Ave che. AvA aucityavALI vyaktinuM sAnnidhya bIjAne paNa prasannatA arpe che. vartamAna samayamAM A saMskArI vartana suvAsa pAtharI zake che. vartamAna samayamAM jyAre mAnavInAM vANI ane vartana banne tuccha thatAM jAya che, tyAre AvuM aucityabhareluM vartana mAnavInA jherane okAvI hRdayane premathI bharI zake che. (2) dAkSiNyatA - eTale bIjAnI sAthe bhadra vyavahAra. A saMskAra mAtApitAne bahumAnapUrvaka sAcavavAnuM, ane vaDIlo pratye pUjyabhAva rAkhavAnuM zIkhave che. vaLI potAnA svajano, saMbaMdhIo chAyAbahena zAha

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chAyAbahena zAha ane mitrone madadarUpa thavAnuM paNa zIkhave che. AvA saMskAravALI vyakti bIjAne protsAhana Ape che. bIjAnA aparAdhane kSamA karI de che. AjanA samayamAM dareka vyakti ekabIjA sAthe Avo dAkSiNyapUrvakano vyavahAra Adare to samagra vizva premamaya banI jAya. dveSa, IrSA, saMgharSa badhuM ja nAza pAme. mAnava mAnavane cAhato thaI jAya. 172 - (3) pApano bhaya * A saMskAra khUba mahattvano che. vyaktine pApano bhaya hoya to te vyakti icchA hovA chatAM pApa karato aTakI jAya che, kAraNa ke tene pratiSThA javAno, kAnUnIya sajA thavAno ke durgatimAM javAno bhaya lAge che. A bhayano saMskAra hoya to vyakti anicchAe paNa icchAone, indriyone kAbUmAM rAkhe che. manane vazamAM rAkhe che. nabaLI paLo vItI jatAM potAnI naja2mAM ja paDI javAnA gunAthI mukta thavAno AnaMda prApta thAya che. vartamAna samayamAM pAMca iMdriyonA bephAma upayogathI vAsanA, vyabhicAra, hiMsA vagerenuM sAmrAjya UbhuM thayuM che, tene A 'pApano bhaya' saMskAra hacamacAvI zake che. A saMskArathI manuSyonuM jIvana sAttvika ane zAMtimaya banAvI zakAya che. (4) cotho saMskAra che nirmaLabodha eTale sadupadeza. sAMcana sAMbhaLavAnI, vAMcavAnI ruciM. tattva jANavAnI jijJAsA, satyanI pratIti karAvanAra zAstrajJAna jANavAnI AkAMkSA. A saMskArathI vyakti sAttvika bane che, AdhyAtmika bane che. sAmAnya jIvanazailIthI thoDo upara UThe che. sAtvika AnaMda mANI zake che. AjanA samayamAM jyAre mAnavI udAsa, vyagra ane udvigna banI gayo che tyAre A saMskAra tene zAMti Ape che, AnaMda Ape che, tene bhayamukta kare che, Tenzana mukta kare che, tenI jIvanazailIne saMtoSI ane sukhI banAvI de che. (5) pAMcamo saMskAra che lokapriyatA. je vyaktimAM uparanA cAra saMskAra hoya te ApoApa lokapriya banI jAya che. loko tene ahobhAvathI jue che. tenuM Agamana AvakArya bane che. teno paDyo bola sahu koI jhIlI le che. jagatamAM AvA saMskArovALI vadhu ne vadhu vyaktio hoya to teo ne ghaNAM aniSTa tattvone rokI zake che. sukha, zAMtinuM sAmrAjya phelAvI zake che. jenI vartamAna samayamAM khUba ja jarUra che. jaina dharma AvA mULabhUta saMskAronuM siMcana karI jIvana jIvavAnI kaLA zIkhave che. arthavihIna jIvana jIvatA loko mATe AvA saMskAro AzIrvAdarUpa bane che. 2. jIvanazailI ghaDanAra saMskAro : jIvana jIvavAnI kaLAnA saMskAra ApyA pachI jaina dharma jIvanazailInA saMskAra paNa Ape che. jIvanazailI eTale rojiMdA jIvananI zailI. A zailI jeTalI svastha hoya, taMdurasta hoya, vyavasthita hoya teTaluM jIvana saphaLa bane che. jaina dharme AvI umadA jIvanazailInA keTalAka saMskAro batAvyA che : (1) gRhastha jIvana che eTale AjIvikA kamAyA vinA cAlavAnuM nathI. to te nyAyathI UparjavI. (2) kharca paNa lAvelA paisAne anusAra rAkhavo. (3) jene ucita kharca kahevAya. (4) pote ubhaTa nahIM, paNa chAjato veza paheravo tene ucita veza kahevAya. (5) vivAha saMbaMdha bhinna gotravALA ane samAna kuLa tathA AcAravALA joDe karavA joIe e ucita vivAha kahevAya.

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vartamAna samayamAM jena-saMskAranuM mahattva 173 (6) 'kALe sAtmyaH bhojanaM' arthAt bhojana niyata kALe ja karavuM. kAraNa ke udaramAM pAcaka 2so niyamita jAge che. vaLI pahelAMnuM bhojana pate pachI ja navuM bhojana karavuM. (7) mAtApitAne bhojana, vastra, zayyA, zakti anusAra potAnA karatAM savAyAM ApIne bhakti ka2vAnI. (8) potAnI javAbadArIvALA poSyavarganuM kuTuMbAdinuM poSaNa karavuM. (9) atithi eTale tithi vagara game tyAre Ave tevA muni, sAdhu, sajjana uparAMta dIna-hIna, duHkhI mANasa ghare AvI caDhe to temanI yathAyogya sarabharA karavI. (10) bIjAnI niMdA karavI nahIM ke sAMbhaLavI nahIM. niMdA e mahAna doSa che, ethI hRdayamAM kALAza, premabhaMga vagerenuM nukasAna nIpaje che. (11) manamAM kyAreya durAgraha na rAkhavo. nahIM to apakIrti thAya. (12) ayogya jagyAoe javuM nahIM. nahIM to kyAreka khoTuM kalaMka lAge. (13) dareka kAmamAM pagaluM mAMDatAM pahelAM TheTha pariNAma sudhI najara pahoMcADavI. dIrghadRSTi rAkhavI jethI pachI pastAvuM na paDe. (14) haMmezAM kArya-akArya, sAra-asAra, vAcya-avAcya, lAbha-nukasAna vagereno viveka ka2vo temaja navuM navuM jJAna meLavavA prayatna karavo. (15) svajIvana ke parajIvana, sarvatra guNa tarapha ruci rAkhavI. doSa tarapha nahi. haMmezAM guNanA pakSapAtI banavuM. (16) koInA thoDA upakArane paNa bhUlavo nahIM. kRtajJa banI upakArano badalo vALavA tatpara rahevuM. (17) haiyuM bane teTaluM kUNuM--komaLa-dayALu rAkhI, zakya tana-mana-dhanathI dayA karatA rahevuM. kyAreya nirdaya thavuM nahIM. (18) haMmezAM satpuruSono satsaMga karavo, durjanothI dUra rahevuM. (19) ApattimAM dhairya rAkhavuM ane saMpattimAM namratA rAkhavI. (20) bIjAnA guNonI haMmezAM prazaMsA karavI. (21) ati nidrA, viSaya-kaSAya, vikathA, pramAdano tyAga karavo. jIvanazailI ghaDanAra A saMskAro jIvanane maghamaghatuM kare che. AvA jaina saMskAro jo vizvavyApI bane, dareka bALakane pahelethI ja ApavAmAM Ave to vizvabharamAM camatkAra sarjAI jAya. samagra vizvamAMthI yuddha - azAMti - bhaya - duHkha - saMgharSano nAza thaI jAya. kadAca manuSyanAM duSkRtyothI krodhita thayelI kudarata paNa zAMta thaI jAya ane prasanna banI manuSyanuM kalyANa kare. 3. AdhyAtmika saMskAro : dareka bhAratIya darzananA mahAna puruSoe e siddha karIne batAvyuM che ke sAcuM sukha 'tyAga'mAM ja che. bAkI badhA sukhAbhAsa che. jainadarzana paNa mAne che ke saMsAramAM

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174 chAyAbahena zAha sArI rIte jIvana vitAvyA pachI AdhyAtmika mArge Daga bharavAmAM ja sAcuM hita che. tethI ja to aneka bhautika sukho prApya hovA chatAM badhA ja tIrthaMkara prabhue tyAgano mArga ja svIkAryo. jainadarzane AdhyAtmika mArge javA mATe pAMca prakAranA saMskAro ApyA che : (1) ahiMsA - bIjA jIvone mana-vacana-kAyAthI haNavA nahIM, mAravA nahIM. jainadarzananI AkhI imArata ahiMsAnA pAyA para UbhI che. ahIM atyaMta sUkSma jIvonI hiMsAthI paNa viramavAnuM che. darekane potAnuM jIvana priya che tethI koIne bIjAne mAravAno adhikAra nathI. tethI bALapaNathI ja bALakone A saMskAra ApavAmAM Ave che ke kaMdamULa khavAya nahIM, rAtri-bhojana thAya nahIM, parvatithinA divase zAkano tyAga - ahiMsAno A jaina saMskAra atyaMta sUkSma dRSTie vicAravAmAM Avyo che. bIjA jIvone mAtra haNavA e ja hiMsA nathI, paraMtu bIjA jIvone abhihayA = lAte mAryA hoya, variyA = dhULa vaDe DhAMkyA hoya, lesiyA = bhoMya sAthe ghasAyA hoya, saMghAIyA = arasaparasa zarIra dvArA aphaLAvAyA hoya, saMghaTTiyA = thoDo sparza karAyA hoya, pariyAviyA = paritApa (duHkha) upajAvyA hoya, kilAmiyA = kheda pamADyA hoya. uddaviyA = bivarAvyA hoya te paNa hiMsA ja che. ahiMsAno A saMskAra jo apanAvavAmAM Ave to vartamAna yugamAM pravartatI aneka badIo dUra thaI jAya. AjanA yuganAM keTalAMka aniSTo jevAM ke mAMsAhAra, pazuonI kaleAma, bombathI verelo vinAza, khUna, hatyA, yuddha A badhAMne naSTa karavAnI zakti A ahiMsAnA saMskAramAM rahelI che. A badhuM dUra thatAM ApaNe sau zAMti ane sukhano anubhava paNa karI zakIzuM. (2) satya - hita-mIta-priya bolavuM te satya che. satyano saMskAra ahiMsAnA saMskArane puSTa kare che. mahAbhAratanA pAMDu putroe satyamArgane kyAreya na tyAgyo to aMte temano vijaya thayo. pralobhano Ave topaNa asatyano sAtha na levo. mRSAvAdano tyAga karavo. vartamAna yugamAM A saMskAra paNa mahattvano bhAga bhajavI zake tema che. jUThAM vacano, jUThI vAto, jUThAM bhASaNo vagere naryo mRSAvAda che. satyano saMskAra A badhuM choDAve che. saraLatA arpe che. (3) acaurya - "adattAdAna' = nahIM ApeluM levuM nahIM te acauryano saMskAra che. acauryano saMskAra ghaNAM aniSTothI bacAve che. corI karanAra vyakti AbarU gumAve che, kAnUnIya sajA meLave che, enuM AkhuM kuTuMba duHkhI thAya che. A jaina saMskAra AjanA samayamAM ghaNuM parivartana lAvI zake che. Aje thatI karacorI, mAlamAM bheLaseLanI corI, netA dvArA thatI saMpattinI corI, lUMTaphATa badhuM ja acauryano saMskAra dUra karI zake che. (4) vyabhicAra tyAga - A saMskAra zIkhave che ke vyaktie saMyamamAM rahevuM joIe. icchAone aMkuzamAM rAkhavI joIe, bIjAnuM zoSaNa na karavuM joIe. Aje jyAre vyabhicAra vakaryo che, baLAtkAranA kissAo vadhatA jAya che, strIvarga asalAmata che, tyAre A saMskAra mAnavInI azubha vRttione kAbUmAM rAkhI zake che. ghaNAM aniSTone naSTa karI nAkhI zake che. (5) aparigraha : gAMdhIjI jainonA A saMskArathI khUba ja prabhAvita hatA. temaNe A saMskAranuM AcaraNa paNa kareluM. parigraha ja sarva pAponuM mULa che. jIvanajarUriyAta sivAyanI vastuone prApta

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vartamAna samayamAM jena-saMskAranuM mahattva 175 karavA je saMgharSo thAya che te vinAza sarje che. mATe jIvavA mATe joIe te uparAMta icchAono tyAga karavo joIe. jaina sAdhujIvana A saMskAranI parAkASThA che. vartamAna samayamAM A saMskAra apanAvavAmAM Ave to eka svastha samAjano janma thAya. potAnA kuTuMbanA tathA AzritonA jIvanavyavahAra jeTaluM rAkhI, uparanA dravyane jo bIjAnA zreya mATe vAparavAmAM Ave to samAjamAM kalyANa pravarte. 4. saiddhAMtika saMskAro : jaina siddhAMta anekAMtavAda' e evo amUlya saMskAra che ke je sarvatra sukha, zAMti, maitrIno ujAsa pAtharI zake che. anekAMtavAda eTale "vastunuM judA judA dRSTibiMduthI kathana karavuM. eka ja vastunA dekhItI rIte virodhI dekhAtA guNo, paNa vAstavika rIte temAM rahelA avirodhIpaNAno prAmANika svIkAra karavo." jevI rIte eka ja puruSa koIno pitA, koIno putra, koIno sALo, koIno banevI hoI zake. A badhA virodhI dekhAtA hovA chatAM badhA ja dRSTikoNathI jotAM sAcA che. Ama vAstavika avirodhIpaNAnuM gaveSaNa karI te vicArono samanvaya karI Ape te anekAMtavAda athavA syAdvAda che. A eka adbhuta saMskAra che je vartamAna samayamAM khUba ja upayogI che. kAraNa ke (1) anekAMtavAdanA A siddhAMtathI sahiSNutA pedA thAya che (2) banAva, vastu ke vyakti vize badhA ja dRSTikoNathI vicAradhArA thAya che. tethI anekAMtavAda saMgharSone TALI amRtamaya jIvana arpe che. (3) anekAMtavAda vigraho, saMgharSo ane azAMtine miTAvI namratA, viveka, ahiMsA, mitratA, dhairya, baMdhutva vagere aneka guNo khIlavI zake che. (4) navuM dizAsUcana ApI vizvazAMti, maitrI lAvI zake che. (5) samAjanI viSamatA dUra karI samagra mAnavajIvanane AzIrvAdarUpa banI zake che. (9) asahiSNutA, daMbha, IrSA, hiMsA jevA doSone dUra karI zake che. vartamAna samayamAM to A syAdvAdanuM ghaNuM mUlya che. Aje e vicAra-AcAramAM anekAMtavAdane anusaravAmAM Ave to kalyANa rAjyane vAstavika banAvI zakAya. anekAMtavAdanI jeTalI prazasti karIe teTalI ochI che. jaina saMskAro aMge pAzcAtya ane bhAratIya vidvAnonA abhiprAyo joIe : (1) "huM mArA dezavAsIone batAvIza ke jene saMskAromAM kevA uttama vicAro ane niyama che". - DaoN. jonsa harTala (jarmanI) (2) manuSyonA vikAsa - pragati mATe jaina saMskAro khUba ja lAbhakArI che. A saMskAro asalI, svataMtra ane bahu mUlyavAna che. - DaoN. e. giranATa (3) saMskAronA viSayamAM jaina saMskAro parama parAkASThArUpa che. - DaoN. paraDolTa (4) "jaina dharmanA siddhAMta mane khUba ja priya che. mArI icchA che ke bIjA janma huM jaina kuLamAM janma prApta karuM." - jyorja barnArDa zo * (5) jaina saMskAro evA advitIya che ke te prANImAtranI rakSA karavA mATe sakriya preraNA Ape che. - oDI kArjarI (amerikana viduSI)

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176 chAyAbahena zAha (6) ahiMsA tattvanA sauthI mahAna pracAraka mahAvIra svAmI ja hatA. - gAMdhIjI (7) jo virodhI sajjana jaina sAhityano abhyAsa ane manana sUkSmapaNe kare to temano virodha samApta thaI jAya. - DaoN. gaMgAnAtha jhA upasaMhAra : Ama A cAre prakAranA jaina saMskAro addabhuta che, anukaraNIya che, AcaraNamAM mUkavA yogya che, prazaMsanIya che, kalyANakArI che. vartamAna samayamAM tene anusaravAmAM Ave to badhAM ja aniSTa tattvone vidAya levI paDe. prema, zAMti ane sukhanuM sAmrAjya phelAya. AvA jaina saMskAronI samaja sau koIne prApta thAya to ene pariNAme emanA jIvanamAM satata prakAza patharAyelo rahe.

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bhAratanA be mahAna jyotirdharo. 11 sapTembara, 1893. zikAgomAM aitihAsika vizvadharma pariSada bharAI che. ArTa insTiTyUTano kaoNlambasa haoNla dezavidezanA lagabhaga cAra hajAra vidvAna pratinidhiothI khIcokhIca bharAyela che. pleTaphorma- DAyasa para vizvanA vibhinna dharmonA TocanA netAo beThelA che. temAMnA be yuvAno potAnA paheravezathI ane pAghaDIthI saunA AkarSaNanuM kendra banyA che. eka che vizvavikhyAta svAmI vivekAnaMda ane bIjA jaina dharmanA pratinidhi zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI. baMnee potAnI AgavI pratibhA, vidvattA ane vyaktitva dvArA dharmapariSadamAM evo prabhAva pADyo ke pariSada pUrI thayA bAda paNa baMnene amerikAmAM vyAkhyAno ApavA cAlu rAkhavAM paDyAM. svAmIjIe traNa varSa sudhI amerikAmAM ane yuropamAM vibhinna viSayomAM asaMkhya vyAkhyAno ApyAM ane 15 jAnyuArI 1897nA roja bhArata pAchA pharyA. vaLI, 20 jUna 1899thI 9 Disembara 1900 sudhI temaNe amerikA ane yuropano bIjI vAra pravAsa karyo ane vyAkhyAno dvArA vedAMtano pracAra karyo. zrI viracaMda gAMdhIe paNa dharma pariSada pUrI thayA bAda amerikAmAM jaina dharma vize pravacano ApavAM cAlu rAkhyAM ane 1896mAM tema ja 1899mAM be vAra pharI amerikAno pravAsa karyo ane 650 jeTalAM pravacano ApyAM. bhAratIya saMskRti ane adhyAtmanA A be mahAna jyotirdharomAM keTalIka vAtomAM adbhuta sAmya hatuM. baMne mahAnubhAvo samovaDiyA hatA. svAmI vivekAnaMdano janma kolakAtAmAM 12 jAnyuArI 1863nA roja thayo hato to zrI vIracaMda gAMdhIe 25 oNgasTa 1894nA roja mahuvAmAM janma grahaNa karyo hato. baMne adbhuta karmayogI hatA. karma karatAM karatAM ja "bahujana svAmI zrI nikhilezvarAnaMdajI

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178 svAmI zrI nikhilezvarAnaMdajI hitAya, bahujana sukhAya' - potAnI jAtane samarpIne alpa vayamAM ja baMnee A pRthvImAMthI mahAprayANa karyuM. svAmI vivekAnaMde kaoNlakAtAmAM belUra maThamAM potAnA oraDAmAM 4 julAI 1902nA roja phakta 39 varSanI vaye mahAsamAdhi lIdhI to zrI vIracaMda gAMdhIno dehavilaya 7mI ogasTa 1901nA roja 37 varSanI vaye thayo. baMne karuNAmUrti hatA. 'zivabhAvathI jIvasevA'nA Adarza anusAra svAmIjIe potAnuM sarvasva sevAkAryomAM arpita karyuM. daridranArAyaNa ane rogInArAyaNanI sevAmAM lAgI javA potAnA ziSyone svAmIjIe hAkala karI. "Atmano mokSArtha jagatuM hitAya ca'nA AdarzathI "rAmakRSNa mizana'nI sthApanA karI. 1898mAM jyAre kolakAtAmAM pleganI mahAmArI phelAI tyAre potAnuM svAcya kharAba hovA chatAM teo potAnA ziSyo sAthe prANapaNe rAhatakAryamAM lAgI gayA. rAhatakArya mATe jyAre phaMDano abhAva thayo tyAre jIvanabharanI mahattvAkAMkSAnI pUrti mATe mahA parizramathI meLavela belUDa maThanI jamIna vecavA paNa taiyAra thaI gayA. joke pachIthI zrI mA zAradAdevInA sUcanathI ne aNadhArI , madada maLatAM A muzkelImAMthI rAmakRSNa mizana bacI gayuM. paNa svAmIjInA hRdayanI vizALatAnuM A sUcaka che. zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI paNa karuNAmUrti hatA. 1896mAM jyAre temane bhAratanA duSkALanA samAcAra amerikAmAM maLyA tyAre vizvadharma pariSadanA pramukha sI. sI. bonInA adhyakSapade ane potAnA maMtrIpade eka duSkALa rAhata samitinI sthApanA karI. zikAgonI janatAne dardabharI apIla karatAM tAtkAlika rAhatanA pagalA tarIke anna bhareluM jahAja turata ja ravAnA karavAmAM AvyuM ane vizeSamAM rAhatakArya mATe Tahela nAkhatAM tyAMnI janatAe zrI vIracaMdabhAInI jhoLI chalakAvI dIdhI. lagabhaga cAlIza hajAra rUpiyA rokaDA dezanA vividha bhAgomAM rAhata arthe mokalavAmAM AvyA. svAmIjIe kahyuM hatuM, zikSaNa, zikSaNa, zikSaNa. bhAratanI badhI samasyAonuM samAdhAna che zikSaNa.' Ama janatAnI ane nArIonI keLavaNI para svAmI vivekAnaMde savizeSa dhyAna ApavA kahyuM hatuM. teo dezamAM nArI-jAgaraNa ane nArI-zikSaNanA prathama himAyatIomAMnA eka hatA. | zrI vIracaMda gAMdhIe paNa bhAratamAM ane khAsa karIne jaina samAjamAM navI keLavaNIno vyApaka pracAra thAya, e mATenI suvidhA upalabdha thAya e mATe athAka prayatno karyA hatA. emanA prayatnothI amerikAmAM 'International Society for the Education of Women in India' nAme saMsthA sthapAI hatI ane emanA prayatnothI ja traNa bhAratIya bahenone A dvArA raheThANa ane abhyAsanA kharcanI sagavaDa karI amerikAmAM abhyAsArthe mokalavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. bhAratIya sannArIo samAjamAM potAnA sthAnane samaje ane sAkSara zikSita strIo sAvitrI, maitreyI, gArgI ane damayaMtI jevI satI strIonA jevo potAno darajjo punaH prApta kare evo uddeza A saMsthAno hato. baMnenA samaye jJAtibaMdhana, TUMkI dRSTi ane videzayAtrAno virodha hovA chatAM baMne mahAnubhAvoe dharmanA pracArArthe sAgara kheDyA. A mATe baMnene videza jatAM pahelAM, ane videzathI pAchA pharyA bAda keTaluM sahana karavuM paDyuM hatuM ! samuyAtrA hiMdu zAstromAM niSiddha che ema jaNAvI

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bhAratanA be mahAna jyotirdharo 179 poMDicerInA paMDitoe svAmIjInI videzayAtrAnA irAdA viruddha sakhata virodha noMdhAvyo hato. videzathI pAchA pharyA pachI vizvavijayI banyA pachI paNa temane A mATe ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDyuM hatuM. jaina dharmanA pratinidhi tarIke zikAgonI dharma pariSadamAM bhAga levA pU. AtmArAmajI mahArAjane nimaMtraNa maLyuM hatuM. paNa jainAcAra pramANe videzayAtrA thaI na zake. AthI temaNe "dha jaina esosiezana opha inDiyA'nA maMtrI zrI viracaMdabhAIne cha mahinA sudhI potAnI pAse jaina dharmano viziSTa abhyAsa karAvyo ane 'zikAgo praznottara" nAmano graMtha pariSadane lakSyamAM rAkhIne taiyAra karAvyo. paNa zrI vIracaMdabhAInI videzayAtrAnA virodhamAM 9mI julAI 1893nA roja eka jAhera patrikA bahAra pADavAmAM AvI. jenI nIce 137 jainonI sahI hatI. videzathI pAchA pharyA bAda zrI viracaMdabhAInI sabhAomAM dhAMdhala macI, khurazIo UchaLI. "vIracaMda gAMdhIne nAta bahAra mUkonA lokoe nArA lagAvyA ane anya dhamakIo paNa maLI. samAjanI AvI sthitimAM baMne mahAvIroe sAcA dharmanI samajaNa ApI. satyamAM aDaga rahyA ane dharmanI rakSA karI. dezanI kIrti vadhArI. baMne mahApuruSo ekabIjAnA cAhaka ane prazaMsaka hatA. zrI vIracaMdabhAIe dharma pariSadamAM svAmI vivekAnaMdano kevo prabhAva hato tenI prazaMsA karatAM amerikAthI prakAzita patrikA erenA'(Arena)nA jAnyu. 1895nA aMkamAM lakhyuM hatuM, 'zikAgo dharma pariSadanI A hakIkata che ke bhAratanA eka suMdara vaktAnA bhASaNa bAda kaoNlambasa haoNlanA trIjA bhAganA ane kyAreka to be tRtIyAMza bhAganA loko bahAra bhAgavA mAMDatA." A prabhAvI vaktA svAmI vivekAnaMda ja hatA teno purAvo nordhampaTana DeilI herAlDa' (eprila 11, 1894)nA varNana parathI maLe che : "zikAgo dharma pariSadamAM svAmI vivekAnaMdane kAryakramanA aMta sudhI bolavA devAmAM AvatA nahIM. uddeza e ke loko rAtrinA aMta sudhI beThA rahe.. je divase garamI vadhAre paDI hoya ane koI prophesare khUba lAMbuM bhASaNa calAvyuM hoya ane loko seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM haoNla choDIne javA mAMDatA tyAre eka ja jAherAtanI AvazyakatA rahetI ke svAmI vivekAnaMda eka saMkSipta bhASaNa, kAryakramanA aMte Apaze ane hajAro loko temanuM paMdara miniTanuM bhASaNa sAMbhaLavA kalAko rAha jotA.' IrSA e ApaNA dezano jAtigata doSa che, tema svAmI vivekAnaMda kahetA. svAmI vivekAnaMda jyAre amerikAmAM asAdhAraNa khyAti prApta karavA mAMDyA tyAre temanA bhAratIya mitro ja khristI mizanarIonI sAthe maLIne temanI viruddha bhrAmaka pracAra karavA lAgyA. tyAM sudhI ke temanA cAritrya para paNa doSAropaNa karavA mAMDyA. AvA kaparA samayamAM svAmIjInA hiteSI jUnAgaDhanA divAna haridAsa vihArIdAsa desAIe svAmIjInA amerikana mitrone patramAM svAmIjInA umadA cAritrya vize lakhI temane A niMdAdoSamAMthI bacAvavAno prayatna karyo hato. A prakriyAmAM jUnAgaDhanA dIvAnajInA saMparkamAM Avela ane svAmIjInA sahRdayI mitra zrI vIracaMda gAMdhIe paNa mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA bhajavI. khristI mizanarI mi. hyuma sAthe svAmIjIno vivAda sarjAyo tyAre samAcArapatromAM jANe ke eka yuddha cheDAI gayuM. AvA kaparA saMjogomAM temanI tarapheNamAM tyAre zrI viracaMda gAMdhI ane zrI puruSottama rAva telaMga ja hatA. svAmI vivekAnaMda vize zodhakArya karI vivekAnaMda ina dha vesTa

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180 svAmI zrI nikhilezvarAnaMdajI nyu DiskavarIjha' nAmano graMtha ka bhAgomAM prakAzita karI abhUtapUrva kArya karanAra merI lUI barka (sisTara gArgI) lakhe che - The Hume - Vivekananda letters set off a bitter debate which lasted into the early part of 1895 and which was published in various widely read periodicals such as the Forum, the Arena, the Monist, and so on. The principal antagonists were, on the missionary side : The Right Reverend Mr. J. M. Thoburn Missionary Bishop to India and Malaysia, Mr. Fred Powers, Rev. J. M. Muller and Rev. E. M. Wherry, and on the Hindu side : Mr. Virchand R. Gandhi and Mr. Purushottam Rao Telang. (Vol.I, P.464-468). A tarapha jyAre zrI viracaMda gAMdhIne temanI ja jJAtinA loko nAtabahAra mUkavAnI jhuMbeza upADI rahyA hatA tyAre temanA pratye sahAnubhUti darzAvatAM svAmIjIe jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna haridAsa vihArIdAsa desAIne zikAgothI navembara 1894nA patramAM lakhyuM hatuM, "pAzcAtya lokonI saphaLatAnuM rahasya che - haLImaLIne kAma karavAnI ane saMgaThananI zakti. paraspara vizvAsa ane sahAyatA dvArA ja A zakya che. have ahIM viracaMda gAMdhI che, jemane tame muMbaImAM sArI rIte oLakhatA hatA. A vyakti A bhayaMkara RtumAM paNa zuddha zAkAhAra sivAya bIjo koI khorAka letA nathI ane potAnA dharma ane dezavAsIone bacAvavAno bharapUra prayatna karI rahyA che. A dezanA loko tene khUba cAhe che paNa jeoe temane ahIM mokalyA teo zuM karI rahyA che ? teo temane nAtabahAra kADhI mUkavAno prayatna karI rahyA che. IrSA gulAmomAM sAhajika rIte janme che ane A IrSA ja temane adhogatinA mArgamAM jakaDI rAkhe che." dharmapariSadamAM bhAratIya saMskRti ane adhyAtmanuM pratinidhitva karanAra A baMne mahAna jyotirdharone ApaNAM vizeSa vaMdana.

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23 gautama paTela upAdhyAya yazovijayajI : samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi na vikArAya vizvasyopakArAyaiva nirmitAH / sphuratkAruNyapIyUSavRSTayastattvadRSTayaH / / 1 vizvamAM vikAra mATe nahIM paNa upakAra mATe tattvadaSTivALA mahAnubhAvonuM nirmANa koI mana-vANIthI para evuM tattva karatuM hoya che. A tattvavettAo upAdhyAya yazovijayajI anusAra 'sphuratkArunyapIyUSavRdaya: - sphuratI karuNArUpI amRtanI vRSTivALA' hoya che. kahevAya che = Mahavira heard the cry of a dying goat at the sacrifical alter and he was touched at the depth of his heart by Karunathe mercy. Buddha was touched by the poor plight of an old, ill and a dead body and a fountain of mercy sprung in his hear. zaMkarAcAryane zrutismRtipurALAnAmAlayaMgAtayam kahyA. to vAlmIkinA hRdayamAM krodhavadhadarzanathI janmelo zoka zloka banyo. pariNAme vizvane rAmAyaNa jevuM abhUtapUrva kAvya maLyuM. zrImad bhAgavata purANanA kartA zukadevajIne saMsArIo u52 karuNA UpajI ane guhya purANa ApyuM. anya dharmomAM IzunI karuNAnAM gIto gavAya che. jJAnasAranA kartA upAdhyAya yazovijayajI prakAMDa paMDita, sarvazAstravizArada hovA uparAMta 'karuNApIyUSavRSTi' karanAra che evuM emanA ja uparyukta zlokanA zabdomAM kahevAnuM mana thAya che. 3 zreyArthino hi bhUyAMso loke lokottare na ca / stokA hi ratnavaNijaH stokAzca svAtmasAdhakAH / / A lokamAM zreyArthI ghaNA hoya che, paNa paraloka mATe nahIM. ratnono vepAra karanArA bahu thoDA hoya ane svAtmasAdhaka-AtmadarzanamAM prItivALA paNa bahu thoDA hoya. AvA alpasaMkhyakomAM agragaNya

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182 gaNI zakAya tevA jJAnasAranA kartA upAdhyAya yazovijayajI che. itihAsa mujaba vikrama saMvata 1680thI 1743 sudhI teoe A pRthvIne pAvana karI hatI. gujarAta rAjyanA mahesANA jillAnA dhINoja gAmathI cAreka kilomITara dUra AvelA kanoDu gAmamAMthI zrI nArAyaNa ane zrImatI sobhAgade(saubhAgyadevI)ne tyAM teono janma thayo. mULa nAma jazavaMta. nAma tevA guNa pAchaLathI khIlyA. paMDitavarya pa.pU. nayavijayajI pAse aNahilavADa pATaNamAM nAnI uMmaramAM dIkSA lIdhI. pUrvanA saMskAra kAraNabhUta gaNAya. amadAvAdamAM avadhAnano adbhuta prayoga karI batAvyo. ATha vyaktinA ATha ATha prazno eTale kula 64 praznonA uttaro ApI sahune maMtramugdha karyA. dhanajI sUrA nAmanA vepArInI sahAyathI kAzI jaIne bhaNyA. upAdhyAya yazovijayajInI vividha zAstronI aneka kRtio maLI Ave che. temAMnI moTA bhAganI svalikhita hovAthI paripUrNa rIte AdhArabhUta ja gaNAya. keTalIkanAM nAmo ja teonI vidvattAnuM darzana karAvI Apaze; jema ke, adhyAtmamataparIkSA adhyAtmopaniSada gurutattvavinizcaya yatilakSatrisamuccaya (1) (3) (5) (6) (9) nayopadeza (11) (13) (2) adhyAtmasAra (4) (6) (c) dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikA nayarahasya (10) nayapradIpa (12) jJAnasAra (14) pratimAzataka vagere. saMskRta graMtho uparAMta teoe gujarAtImAM paNa aneka rAsa, stavano, sajjhAyonI racanA karI che. A teonI bahumukhI pratibhA ane satata parizramanI sAkSI pUre che. jJAnabiMdu nyAyaloka gautama paTela jainatarkaparibhASA ApaNe ahIM kevaLa 5.pU. upAdhyAya yazovijayajInA 'jJAnasAra' graMthane kendramAM rAkhIne carcA karIzuM. jJAnasAranA viSayo kula 32 aSTakomAM vibhakta che ane e batrIse prakaraNanI yAdI nIce pramANe che : pUrNo magnaH sthiro'moho jJAnI zAnto jitendriyaH / tyAgI kriyAparastRpto nirlepo niHspRho muniH / / vidyAvivekasampanno madhyastho bhayavarjitaH 1 anAtmazaMsakastattvadRSTiH sarvasamRddhimAn dhyAtA karmavipAkAnAmudvigno bhavavAridheH lokasaMjJAvinirmuktaH zAstradRg niSparigrahaH zuddhAnubhavavAn yogI niyAgapratipattimAn bhAvArcAdhyAnatapasAM bhUmiH sarvanayAzritaH A yAdI upAdhyAya yazovijayajInAM darzana ane kavitvanI mahattAnI paricAyaka che yvn

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upAdhyAya yazovijayajI : samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi kAraNa ke prakaraNanAM nAmo ja yati-sAdhu athavA saMsArane tyajanAra mATenA Avazyaka guNono paripUrNa citAra Ape che. AvI kAvyamaya zailInI upadeza-paddhati mane to jIvanamAM pahelI vAra ja jovA maLI che. e dRSTie A advitIya racanA che. sAmAnya rIte koI paNa sAdhaka - e zrAvaka hoya ke yati ene mATe apUrNatAthI pUrNatA tarapha gati karavAno upadeza graMthamAtramAM maLI Ave paraMtu ahIM paddhati taddana judI ja apanAvI che. prathama aSTakanuM nAma pUrNASTaka ane carcAno AraMbha pUrNatAthI ane chelluM aSTaka sarvanayAzrayaNA je sahu pUrNatA sudhI pahoMcADanAra nayanI carcA kare. A navIna upadeza paddhati harakoIne sparzI jAya tevI kahI zakAya. graMthanuM nAma che 'jJAnasAra' ene ApaNe sAte vibhaktiothI sArthaka gaNAvI zakIe. prathamA jJAnam eva sAram (kartA) dvitIyA jJAnam sAram smin (karma) tRtIyA jJAnena sAram (karaNa) caturthI jJAnAya sAram (saMpradAna) paMcamI jJAnAt sAram (apAdAna) = jJAnasya sAram SaSThI (zeSa-saMbaMdha) saptamI jJAne sAram (AdhAra-adhikaraNa) TUMkamAM, jJAnanAM sarvamAnya evAM sarva pAsAMonuM samyak darzana A graMtha karAvI ApavA samartha che. 183 siddhAMtanI dRSTie ahIM jJAnakarma-samuccayavAdInI carcA che. prathama jJAnanuM mahattva darzAvAyuM che. te paNa kAvyamaya rIte kriyAzUnyaM ca yajjJAnaM jJAnazUnyA ca yA kriyA / anayorantaraM jJeyaM bhAnukhadyotayoriva F kriyA vinAnuM jJAna ane jJAna vinAnI kiyA A bannenAM aMta2-bheda - sUrya ane AgiyA jevAM che. teo jJAnaM mAra: yiAM vinA e siddhAMtane svIkAre che. vedAnta darzanamAM eka zAkhA jJAnakarmasamuccayavAdane svIkAre che. teo mujaba - ubhAbhyAmeva pakSAbhyAM yathA khe pakSiNo gatiH / tathaiva jJAnakarmAbhyAM prApyate zAzvatI gatiH 11 upAdhyAya yazovijayajI mujaba 1 kriyAvirahitaM hanta jJAnamAtramanarthakam gatiM vinA pathajJo'pi nApnoti puramIpsitam / / kriyA vinAnuM kevaLa jJAna nirarthaka che rastAne jANanAro paNa cAlavAnI gatirUpI kriyA na kare to icchelI nagarIe pahoMce nahIM. vaLI -

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184 gautama paTela svAnukUlAM kriyAM kAle jJAnapUNo'pyapekSate / pradIpa: svaprakAzo'pi tailapUrtyAdikaM yathA / / jJAnathI paripUrNa vyakti mATe paNa potAne anukULa kriyAnI apekSA rahe che. dIvo svayaM prakAza che chatAM tene tela vagere pUravAnI apekSA rahe che. bhojana che evuM thALImAM paDeluM jANyuM - jJAna thayuM paNa tene hAthamAM laI moDhAmAM mUkavAnI kriyA to karavI ja paDe ne ! Ama ekaluM jJAna nahIM, kriyA paNa jarUrI che. Adi zaMkarAcArya kahe che - AptoktiM khananaM tathoparizilAdyutkarSaNaM svIkRti nikSepaH samapekSate na hi bahiH zabdaistu nirgacchati / tadvad brahmavidopadezamananadhyAnAdibhirlabhyate / mAyAkAryatirohitaM svamamalaM tattvaM na duryuktibhiH / / jema dharatImAM dATeluM dhana pahelAM koI vizvasta vyaktinuM kathana sAMbhaLI pachI khodavuM, te pachI uparathI zilA vagere dUra karavI A badhAnI apekSA rAkhe che. kevaLa bAhya zabdo bolavAthI maLI jatuM nathI. te ja rIte prathama brahmajJAnIno upadeza grahaNa karI ciMtana, manana, dhyAna vagere sAdhanA karavAthI mAyA ane tenA kAryathI chupAyeluM AtmatattvarUpI nirmaLa tattva prApta thAya che, khoTI khoTI yuktiothI nahIM. jJAnathI pUta eTale pavitra evI kriyAnuM mahattva samajAvatAM kAvyamaya rIte upAdhyAya yazovijayajI noMdhe che - jJAnapUtAM reDavyAhU: aaiN hemaropanIm | ___ yuktaM tadapi tadbhAvaM na tad bhagnApi sojjhati / / jJAnapUta kiyA to sonAno ghaDo, e bhAMgI jAya to paNa tenuM mUlya na badalAya. ahIM premane suvarNaghaTa ane mohane mATIno ghaDo gaNAvanAra aMgreja kavi zelI sahaja yAda AvI jAya che. Great minds think alike. tapa karavuM jarUrI che' evuM jANyuM eTale e viSayanuM jJAna thayuM kahevAya. paNa tapa karIe nahIM, tene kriyAmAM rUpAMtarita karIe nahIM to e jJAna koI kAmanuM na rahe. jinendriya thavuM e jJAna zAstra ke gurujana pAsethI meLavyuM paNa indriyavijayano AraMbha ja na karyo to e jJAna kevaLa bhArarUpa kahevAya. AthI mahAbhArata kahe che - vAramavo gharma: 10 - jJAna ane cAritryaviSayaka mahAmanA upAdhyAyajInuM maMtavya rocaka ane upAdeya che. jIvanamAM siddhidvAranI e gurucAvI kahI zakAya. cAritryaM viratiH pUrNA jJAnasyotkarSa eva hi / jJAnAdvaitanaye dRSTideyA tadyogasiddhaye / / " pUrNavirati eTale vairAgyamaya caritra - kahone dharmamaya pUrNAcAra. ane e ja jJAnano utkarSa che. mATe tenA yoganI siddhi mATe kevaLa jJAnanayane vize dRSTi karavI. zleSAtmaka rIte jJAnasAranuM kAvyamaya mahattva mANavA jevuM che -

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upAdhyAya yazovijayajI : samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi 185 nirvikAraM nirAbAdhyaM jJAnasAramupeyuSAm / vinivRttaparAzAnAM mokSo'traiva mahAtmanAm / / 2 ahIM jJAnasAra zabdanA be artha che - (1) jJAnano sAra je nirvikAra ane nirAbAdhyA che. (2) jJAnasAra nAmano graMtha jemAM koI vikAra nathI ane emAM pratipAdita siddhAMtono bAdha zakya nathI. A graMthanA adhyayanano lAbha che. cittamAdrIkRtaM jJAnasArasArasvatormibhiH nApnoti tIvramohAgniploSazoSakadarthatAma / / 3 jJAnasArarUpI sarasvatI(athavA jJAnasAra graMthamAM abhivyakta sarasvatI eTale jJAna)rUpI taraMgothI AA thayeluM citta tIvra mohAgninA dAhanA zoSathI pIDAtuM nathI. kAvyazAstranI dRSTie ekathI vadhu rUpaka alaMkAro A zlokamAM che. have pachI aneka alaMkArayukta vicArapradhAna zArdUlavikrIDitamAM racAyelo zloka jANavA-mANavA ane AcaravA jevo che. keSAMcidviSayajvarAturamaho cittaM pareSAM viSA... vegodarkakutarkamUchitamathAnyeSAM kuvairAgyataH / lagnAlarkamabodhakUpapatitaM cAste pareSAmapi stokAnAM tu vikArabhArarahitaM tajjJAnasArAzritam / / 4 keTalAkanuM mana viSayarUpI tAvathI pIDita che, bIjAnuM viSanA AveganA pariNAmarUpa kutarkathI mUcchita che. anyanuM kuvairAgyathI lAgelA haDakavA jevuM che. anyanuM mana ajJAnanA kUvAmAM paDeluM che paNa bahu ja thoDAnuM vikAranA bhArathI rahita evuM citta jJAnanA sArano Azraya karIne rahyuM che. bhAgye ja umeravAnI jarUra che ke jJAnasAranA kartA yazovijayajI . upAdhyAyanuM citta jJAnasArano sAcA arthamAM Azraya karatuM hovAthI A jJAnasAra jevo jJAnasAra nAmano graMtha samAjane prApta thayo che. - A mahanIya graMthanA kartAno dAvo to evo che ke sAdhuonI acinya jJAnasAgara niSThAthI jIvanamAM kyAreya adhaHpatana zakaya nathI. juo : acintyA kA'pi sAdhUnAM jJAnasAragariSThatA / gatiryayordhvameva syAd adhaHpAta: kadApi na / / 5 koI paNa upadezAtmaka graMtha Avo dAvo karI zake. paNa kayAre ? pUjaya AMtararASTrIya khyAtiprApta saMta morAri bApunuM maMtavya che ke upadeza nIce pramANenA guNo dharAvato hoya. 1. zAstrAtmaka, 2. snehAtmaka, 3. satyAtmaka, 4. sUtrAtmaka, 5. sakhyAtmaka, 6. sarvAtmaka, 7. saMvAdAtmaka, 8. samIkSAtmaka, 9. sarvezAtmaka, 10. saralAtmaka, 11. samanvayAtmaka, 12. sUkSmakSikAtmaka. - jo A eka pachI eka muddAo laIne vivecana karIe to upAdhyAya yazovijayajIno graMtha eka paNa bAbatamAM UNo Utare tema nathI. tethI tenI sarvagrAhI pratiSThA che. upadeza

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186 gautama paTela pradhAna graMtha hovA uparAMta AmAM eka avanavI vizeSatA e che ke A "jJAnasAra' graMtha sukAvyAtmaka paNa che. sarakhAmaNI karavI hoya to kahI zakAya ke hindu dharmanAM aDhAra purANomAM zrImad bhAgavata purANa sahuthI vadhu lokapriya che tenuM kAraNa tenI kAvyAtmakatA che. evuM ja jJAnasAranuM samajavuM - upamA kAlidAsanI jema AnA sarjakane mana sahaja che ane e upamA jIvanamAMthI jaDelI hovAthI sadya hRdayasparzI banI jAya che. AnAM udAharaNo vAcakone dIvo laIne zodhavAM paDe tema nathI. pratyeka aSTakamAM kyAMka to upamA che. AvI ja sthiti rUpaka ane temAMya paraMparitarUpaka ke sAMgarUpaka paNa aneka che. atizayokti, virodhAbhAsa, vyatireka, kAraNamAlA jevA alaMkAro paNa atra-tatra virAje che. upamAdi alaMkArothI A graMthanI kavitA sadAya sohAya che. viSaya jainadarzanano che jemAM karmanI sUkSmAtisUkSma carcA, nayatattvonuM vivecana, cAra anuyoga, saptabhaMgInaya, ekAntavAdanuM sthApana, syAdvAdanI vizeSatA, ahiMsAnI mImAMsA, tapanI anivAryatA, yoganI sAdhanA, aNuvrata-mahAvratanI vistRta vAta ane A sahumAM eka tarapha zAstrAtmakatA to bIjI tarapha vaijJAnikatAno paDakArI na zakAya tevo samanvaya e A graMthanI UDIne AMkhe bAjhe tevI vizeSatA che. mULamAM mahAvIra bhagavAnano saMdeza che ane sara akabara haidarI kahe che - mahAvIra vA sarveza mAre meM vizvabaMdhutva za zaMdyanA natA OM | - A vidhAna sAthe sahaja sahamata thaI zakAya tema che. koI paNa graMthanI vizvavyApI lokapriyatAmAM enA lekhakano abhigama ghaNo moTo bhAga bhajave che. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI lakhe che - svAgamaM rAgamAtreNa dveSamAtrAt parAgamam / na zrayAmastyajAmo vA kintu madhyasthayA dRzA / / 6 / / potAnA AgamagraMtha pratye rAgathI eno Azraya ane anyanA Agama-dharmagraMtha pratye dveSathI ene tyajI devAnuM ame karatA nathI. ame kevaLa madhyasthanI sRSTi ja apanAvI che. ahIM mahAkavi kAlidAsa yAda AvI jAya che, je kahe che - purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvaM na cApi kAvyaM navamityavadyam / santaH parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante mUDhaH para pratyayaneyabuddhiH / / " A vAta paNa noMdhavI rahI ke uparyukta zlokanI svopa TIkAmAM upAdhyAya yazovijayajI eka zloka uddhata kare che na zuddhyaiva tvayi pakSapAto na dveSamAtrAdaruciH pareSu / yathAvadAptatvaparIkSayA tu tvAmeva vIraprabhumAzritAH smaH / / AcArya zrI haribhadrasUri paNa Avo ja abhigama dharAve che. teo kahe che - pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSa: kapilAdiSu / yuktimadavacanaM yasya tasya kArya: parigrahaH / / 19 A che samatva, samatA ane bhagavadgItA sarva roga te evo udghoSa kare che. AvI samatAnI bhAvanA jaina dharmano prANa che ane upAdhyAya yazovijayamAM pratyeka prakaraNe e ucchavAsa leto jaNAya che. upAdhyAya yazovijayajInI samatva dRSTi mAdhyacyavRttino Azraya letI daSTinA pariNAme emanI A kRtimAM hindu dharmanAM upaniSado, bhagavadgItA, manusmRti,

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upAdhyAya yazovijayajI H samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi 187 purANo ke mahAkavi kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti jevA kavio temaja AdizaMkarAcArya jevA tattvajJonAM vAkyo ke vicAro sahajatApUrvaka sthAna pAmyAM che. ane e paNa sAdara samanvayArthe, nahIM ke mithyAvAda-vivAdAthe. emaNe para dharmanA koI paNa graMthane mithyA dRSTi kahIne utArI pADyo nathI paraMtu potAnI samyaka dRSTine anurUpa gaNAto koI paNa vicAra vinA saMkoce jJAnasAramAM samAvyo che. emanuM AvuM samanvayAtmaka ciMtana mane aMgata rIte hRdayasparzI banyuM che. AnAM badhAM udAharaNo ekatra karavA jaIe to eka mahAnibaMdha karavo paDe. ahIM kyAMka nirdeza AvazyakatAnusAra avazya karIzuM. brahma zabda ane enuM sat cit ane AnaMdamaya svarUpa tathA tenI carcA upaniSada sAhityanI dena che temAM koI be matane avakAza nathI. AnaMda ane Azcarya sAthe noMdhavuM paDe che ke jJAnasAramAM ekathI vadhu vAra brahma zabda ane tenI carcA che. adhigatyAkhilaM zabdabrahma zAstradRzA muniH / svasaMvedyaM paraM brahmAnubhavenAdhigacchati / / ane atIndriyaM paraM brahma vizuddhAnubhavaM vinA / zAstrayuktizatenApi na gamyaM yad budhA jaguH / / " zabda brahma, paraM brahma e svasaMvedya che, atIndriya che ane anubhavaikagamya che. A upaniSadanI vAta jANe ke upaniSadanI bhASAmAM kahevAI che. A carcAmAM pro. Ara. sI. zAhe brahmano artha paramAtmA karyo che paNa jainadarzanamAM brahma, Izvara ke paramAtmAne sthAna che kharuM? mahAkavi bhartuhari paramatattvane sthAnamUrtavamAnAyara kahe che. yazovijayajInA vicAro Adi zaMkarAcAryanA "vivekacUDAmaNi sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vastusvarUpaM sphuTabodhacakSuSA svenaiva vedyaM na tu paNDitena / candrasvarUpaM nijacakSuSaiva jJAtavyamanyairavagamyate kim / / 3 / / paramatattva(vastu)nuM svarUpa spaSTa jJAnarUpI netrathI potAnI jAte ja jANI zakAya, koI bIjA paMDitathI nahIM. caMdranuM rUpa potAnAM netrothI ja jANI zakAya tevuM zuM bIjA dvArA jANI zakAze ? vaLI RNamocanakartAraH pittuH santi sutAdayaH / bandhamocanakartA tu svasmAdanyo na vidyate pitA mATe devAmAMthI choDAvanAra dIkarA vagere hoya che paNa jAtane saMsAranA baMdhanamAMthI mukta karavA mATe potAnI jAta vinA bIjuM koI nathI. Ama baMne mahAnubhAvomAM keTaluM badhuM sAmya che ! yazovijayajIne veda hoya ke hinduonAM devadevIo hoya teonA yathAyogya nirdezo

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188 gautama paTela karavAmAM kyAMya kSobha ke aruci nathI; UlaTAnuM kyAMka AdarapUrvaka samanvayAtmaka dRSTi darzAve che. dA.ta. mithyAtvazailapakSachid jJAnadambholizobhitaH / 'nirbhayaH zakravad yogI nandatyAnandanandane / / 25 mithyAtvarUpI parvatanI pAMkho kApanAra, jJAnarUpI vajathI zobhato indra jevo nirbhaya yogI AnaMdarUpI naMdanavanamAM AnaMda mANe che. ahIM indra parvatonI pAMkho kApI nAMkhI e RgvadanA maMtrano sIdho nirdeza che. 26 gItAnuM to jANe zabdo sAthenuM teozrInuM upAdAna paNa gamI jAya tevuM che. arurukSormuniryogaM zrayed bAhyakriyAmapi / yogArUDhaH zamAdeva zudhyatyantargatakriya: / / 7 sarakhAvo - arurukSormuneryogaM karmakAraNamucyate / yogArUDhasya tasyaiva zama: kAraNamucyate / / 4 nathI lAgatuM ke gItAnA zabda ane vicAra baMne jANe punarukti pAmyA che ! mohatyAgASTakamAMthI phalita thAya che ke mohanIya karmathI AtmapariNAmamAM cAMcalya Ave tethI sthiratAno nAza thAya - samyaka darzana ane cAritryano avarodha thAyajJAnAdiguNa viparyAsa pudgalAsakti vibhAva-parabhAvamAM ghasaDAvuM - pariNAme janmamaraNanA cakkaramAM phasAvavuM. A mATe moha tyajavo - maruM ane mananA sthAne AgaLa na umerI nAE ane na mananI sAdhanA karavI joIe. jANavA jevuM che kadamAM "a'thI "ha" sudhInA badhA ja svara ane vyaMjana AvI jAya che. aMgrejImAM to AI (I) vAkyanI vacamAM hoya to paNa kepiTala ja rahe che. bIjI bAju mamanI mAyA ochI nathI. mamasatyam - huM karuM e ja sAcuMAvo zabdaprayoga vedamAM vasiSTha RSinA maMtramAM Ave che ane sAyaNAcArye eno artha yuddham karyo che. jayAM masatyam huM karuM e ja sAcuM' ema Ave eTale yuddha ja thAya. AthI pram ane mane tyAjya niHspRhASTakamAM upAdhyAyajInuM vidhAna che - ___ saMyojitakaraiH ke ke prAthyante na spRhAvahaiH / amAtrajJAnapAtrasya niHspRhasya tRNaM jagat / / " jene koI spRhA-icchA hoya che e be hAtha joDIne konI konI prArthanA nathI karatA ? paraMtu amAtra-amApa jJAnarUpI pAtravALA niHspRhIne mATe AkhuM jagata taNakhalA samAna che. saMskRtanuM eka subhASita yAda Ave che. vidyAvRddhAstapovRddhA jJAnavRddhAzca ye janAH / te sarve dhanavRddhasya dvAri tiSThanti kiMkarAH / / vidyAvRddha, tapovRddha ke jJAnavRddha je mANaso che te dhanavRddhanA bAraNe cAkaranI jema UbhA rahe che.

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upAdhyAya yazovijayajIH samanvayavAdI tatvavettA kavi 189 bIjI bAju bhAgavatapurANamAM zukadevajI kahe che - cirANi kiM pathi na santi dizanti bhikSAM naivAMdhripA parabhRta: sarito'pyazuSyat / ruddhA guhA: kimajito'vati nopasarpAn kasmAt bhajanti kavayo dhanadurmadAndhAn / / 20 zuM rastAmAM cIMtharAM nathI ? zuM vRkSo phaLanI dIkSA ApatAM nathI ? zuM nadIo sukAI gaI che ? guphAo rUMdhAI gaI che? ke ajita bhagavAna tene zaraNe janAranuM rakSaNa nathI karato ? to pachI zA mATe kavio-vidvAno dhanathI garviSTha thayelAnuM sevana kare che ? niHspRhASTakamAM upAdhyAyanuM anya vidhAna paNa hRdayaMgama che - bhUzayyA bhakSyamazanaM jIrNaM vAso gRhaM vanam / tathApi niHspRhasyAho cakriNo'pyadhikaM sukham / / " mahAkavi bhartuharinA vairAgyazatakanA zlokano vicAra Ane maLato ja Ave che, racanAzailI bhale judI paDe. juo - azImahi vayaM bhikSAmAzAvAso vasImahi / zayImahi mahipRSThe kurvImahi kimIzcaraiH / / bhikSA ame jamIe chIe. dizAomAM vasIe chIe, pRthvI para sUIe chIe. pachI amAre dhanavAnonuM zuM kAma che ? jaina dharma yajJamAM mAnato nathI. itihAsa mujaba to yajJIya hiMsAnA virodhArthe jaina dharmano ahiMsAno prabaLa siddhAMta prakhara banyo, baLuko banyo paNa atra-tatra-sarvatra upalabdha uttamanuM cayana karI svamatithibhavAnusAra svadharmaniSThAmAM te te vicAra, khyAla ke siddhAMta ke kathAne potAnA dharmanA siddhAntomAM parivartita karI avanavuM svarUpa bakSAvAnI upAdhyAya yazovijayajInI nIti-rIti-vRtti-pravRtti mATe mArA jevAne to namana karavAnuM mana thAya. dhArmika sahiSNutA, sarvadharmasamabhAva athavA Ajano pracalita zabda sekyularijhamano sAco - artha emanI AvI sarvatra kSIragrahaNa karavAnI rAjahaMsavRtti samajAvavA samartha che. udAharaNa laIe hindu dharmanI yajJabhAvanA bhagavAna zrIkRSNa aneka prakAranA dravyayajJa, jJAnayajJa, tapoyajJa, svAdhyAyayajJa, japayajJa ityAdi vistArathI gItAmAM nirdezyA ane brahmayajJanI mahattA sthApI. brahmayajJa-Cosmic sacrifice - vaizvikayajJane vistArathI varNavyo. mahAmanA yazovijayajIe niyAgASTakamAM yajJano khyAla svIkAryo je jaina dharmamAM vyApakapaNe svIkRta nathI. paNa e yajJanA khyAlane - Concept of sacrificene navatara svarUpa bakyuM che. teoe "bhAvayajJa'nI vAtamAM tapa e agni, jIva agninuM sthAna, mana, vacana ane kAyAnA yogoe ghI homavAno saravo, zarIra e tArUpI agnine pragaTAvavAnuM sAdhana, karma homavAnAM lAkaDAM ane saMyama vyApAra e bhAvayajJano zAMtipATha gaNAvyo che. kAvyanI dRSTie A sAMgarUpaka che. to tattvacarcAnI dRSTie navatara pradAna che. teo ahIM kahe che - pApadhvaMsini niSkAme jJAnayame rato bhava / 32 "niSkAma jJAnayajJa jANe gItAnI bhASA ane gItAnA karmayoga ane jJAnayogano sIdho samanvaya. AgaLa to haju AnaMda Ave tevuM che. teo lakhe che -

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190 1 1 brahmayajJa paraM karma gRhasthasyAdhikAriNaH pUjAdi vItarAgasya jJAnameva tu yoginaH // brahmArpaNamapi brahmayajJAntarbhAvasAdhanam brahmAgnau karmaNo yuktaM svakRtatvasmaye hute / / 24 brahmaNyarpite sarvasve brahmadRg brahmasAdhana: 1 brahmaNA juhvadabrahma brahmaNi brahmaguptimAn / / 35 brahmAdhyayananiSThAvAn parabrahmasamAhitaH brahmaNo lipyate nAdhairniyAgapratipattimAn I ||6 have gItAmAM kRSNanuM vidhAna laIe - brahmArpaNaM brahma havirbrahmAgnau brahmaNA hutam / brahmaiva tena gantavyaM brahmakarmasamAdhinA / / 37 have dhyAnathI joIe to gItAnA A zlokanuM vistRta bhASya e yazovijayajInAM zloko che ane mane gauravapUrvaka kahevAnuM mana thAya che ke gItAnI meM aneka TIkAo joI che paNa AvuM vicArapradhAna, vistRta, navIna matane puSTi ApatuM A zlokanuM bhASya kyAMya bIje joyuM-jANyuM nathI. gItAnA zlokamAMthI vrahmArpana, prApti, prAyajJa, brahmA, brahma ityAdi zloka to yazovijayajIe apanAvyA che. teozrIe potAnI AgavI zailImAM svavRtatvasmaye ate - potAnA kartApaNAnA abhimAnano homa, zrAvite sarvasve - brahmamAM sarvasva homavuM, brahmavRt - brahmanuM darzana karanAra brahmasAdhana, brahmamupti, brahmAdhyayana ane aMte Avo yajJa karanAra niSyate nAthe pApathI lepAto nathI, A saghaLI bAbato vicArapUrNa rIte mULa zlokonuM jANe bhASya karatA hoya tema umeryuM che jethI mULa brahmayajJanI bhAvanA vadhu vyApaka ane vAcaka mATe vizada banI che. gautama paTela jJAnasAranA 29 pUjASTakamAM zrAvaka ane sAdhunI pUjAnAM snAna, vastra, kesara-caMdana, puSpamALA, svastika, dhUpa, homa, dIpo-AratI, nRtyagIta vagerenuM bhinna bhinna prakAro darzAvatuM varNana atyaMta ramaNIya, zuddha-sAttvika-kalpanAsabhara ane jIvanamAM zrAvaka ane sAdhu banne mATe utAravA jevuM che. vistArabhaye badhuM nathI noMdhato paNa zrAvakapANIthI snAna kare, sAdhu dayArUpI jaLathI, zrAvakane caMdananuM tilaka, sAdhune vivekanuM; zrAvakane phUlanI mALA, sAdhune kSamArUpI mALA vagere jovA jevAM che. vibhinna api panthAnaH samudraM saritAmiva I madhyasthAnAM paraM brahma prApnuvantyekamakSaram / / 39 ahIM yazovijayajI paraM brahmane akSam kahe che ane A vAta upaniSadomAM ane gItAmAM ekathI vadhu vAra Ave che.40 mahAkavi kAlidAsa 'raghuvaMza'mAM sarasa kahe che ke bahudhApyAgamairbhinnAH panthAnaH siddhihetavaH 1 tvayyeva nipatantyodyA jAhnavIyA ivArNave / / 4

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upAdhyAya yazovijayajI H samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi 11 jema gaMgA(nadIo)nI dhArAo sAgaramAM jaIne paDe che tema bhinna bhinna AgamothI darzAvAyelA, siddhinA kAraNarUpa mArgo tamArAmAM AvIne maLe che. Avo ja bhAva zrIzivamahimnastotramAM puSpadaMta vyakta kare che - trayI sAMkhyaM yoga: pazupatimataM vaiSNavamiti prabhinne prasthAne paramidamadaH pathyamiti ca / rucInAM vaicitryAdRjukuTilanAnApathajuSAM nRNAmeko gamyastvamasi payasAmarNava iva / 42 traNe veda, sAMkhya, yoga, pAzupata, vaiSNava evA judA judA mArgo hovAthI A uttama, A hitakAraka ema rucinI vicitratAne kAraNe, saraLa, kuTila evA aneka mArge cAlanArA manuSyo mATe jaLanA pravAho mATe samudranI jema Apa ja ekamAtra prApta karavA yogya cho. Ama samagra bhAratIya ciMtanadhArAne A mahAmanISIe AtmasAt karIne upadezAtmaka kavitAmAM DhALI che. A temanI vizeSatA che. sAcA ane AMDabarI sAdhuno bheda pADatAM upAdhyAya yazovijayajI jaNAve che ke - bhasmanA kezalocena vapughRtamalena vA / __ mahAntaM bAhyadRk vetti, citsAmrAjyena tattvavit / / 53 bhasma coLavI, kezaloca karavo ke zarIre ghI coLavuM AvI bAhya vastuothI A sAdhu che evuM bAhya daSTivALA jue che paNa tattvane jANanAro to enA citta-sAmrAjyathI eNe enuM citta-mana jItIne sAmrAjaya sthApyuM te uparathI sAdhune samaje che. ahIM uttarAdhyayana sUtra yAda AvI jAya che ke - na vi muMDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa baMbhaNo / na muni raNNavAsena kusacIreNa tAvaso / / samaNAe samaNo hoI baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo nANena muni hoI tavasA hoI tAvaso / / 44 yuktipUrNa kAvyaracanA ane temAMya uttamottama upadeza e gamI jAya tevI vAta che. mohatyAgASTakamAM upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kahe che - ahaM mameti mantro'yaM mohasya jagadAndhakRt / ayameva hi napUrvaH pratimantro'pi mohajit / 15 huM ane mAruM A mohano maMtra jagatane AMdhaLuM banAvanAro che. e ja jo nakAra pUrvavALo pratimaMtra bane eTale enI pahelAM na mUkIne tene UlaTo maMtra banAvIe to e mohane jItI le che. adam AgaLa na mUkIe to nAda- huM nahIM eTale ahaMkAra nahIM ane mama AgaLa na mUkIe to na mama - mAruM (A jagatamAM) koI nathI. Ama ahaMtA ane mamatAno tyAga thAya eTale mohane jItI levAya, kaho, che ne sarasa kavitA ! kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya sarvadharmasadbhAvanuM pratIka hatA. teoe mahAvIra ane somanAthanA zivane ekasAthe varNavatI stuti paNa karI che. eka sthaLe bhagavAna mahAvIrane udezI

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192 teo kahe che anyonyapakSapratipakSabhAvAd yathA pare matsariNaH pravAdAH / nayAnazeSAnavizeSamicchan na pakSapAtI samayastathA / / 46 ApaNe hemacaMdrAcAryane vaMdana karI emanA ja zabdo laIne upAdhyAya yazovijayajIne kahI zakIe - na pakSapAtI samayastathA te ApanA siddhAMto pakSapAtathI para che. - jJAnasAranA sarvanayAzrayaNASTakamAM upAdhyAyajI vidhAna kare che pRthaknayA: mithaH pakSapratipakSakadarthitA / samavRttisukhAsvAdI jJAnI sarvanayAzrita / / 47 1. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI paNa svayaM jJAnI sarvanayAzrita, samavRtti ane sukhAsvAdI che ane emanA jJAnasArano adhyetA paNa Avo banI zake che. gautama paTela svaviSayamAM pAraMgata, vidyA ane adhyayananA taponidhi, samartya yoga vyate ke samatAe . sAcI sAdhutAne varelA, zabdonA svAmI, kavitAnA kImiyAgara, alaMkArane paNa alaMkRta karanAra, nayavida, sarvazAstravizArada aneka upAdeya graMthonA racayitA yazovijayajI mahArAjanI jJAnasAra nAmanI kAlajayI kRtinuM zravaNa, manana ke vivecana karavuM e to koI moTA gajAnA vivecakanuM kAma che. meM to mane je bhAva jAgyo tene ahIM zabdabaddha karyo che. emaNe svayaMmuni kevo hoya ane kema zobhe e je kahyuM che e mArI vinamra paNa dRDha mati anusAra emane paNa zabdazaH lAgu pADI zakAya eTale e uddhRta karIne viramuM chuM : muniradhyAtmakailA vivekavRSabhasthitaH zobhate virati-jJapti - gaMgAgaurIyutaH 1 zivaH 1182 adhyAtmanA kailAsa upara vivekanA vRSabha (naMdI) para rahela, viratirUpI gaMgA ane jJapti(jJAna)rUpI gaurIthI joDAyelA ziva samAna muni zobhe che. upAdhyAya yazovijayamuni paNa adhyAtma ane kavitAnA kailAsa upara ziva samAna sohAya che. pAdaTIpa yazovijayajI mahopAdhyAya, 'jJAnasAra', saMpAdaka : Do. ramaNalAla sI. zAha, prakAzaka : zrI rAjasobhAga satsaMga maMDaLa, sAyalA, 2005, 19 tattvadRSTi-aSTaka 1, pR. 263 ra. juo : nAvavizvA'navarzanotyaH stotvamApadyata yastha zo / - mahAkavi kAlidAsa, 'raghuvaMza' 14- 3. 4. 5. 6. 'jJAnasAra', upasaMhAra-11, pR. 439 7. 'jJAnasAra', 9 - kriyASTaka-2, pR. 125 'jJAnasAra', 9 - kriyASTaka-3, pR. 126 8. saMsArinAM ruLayAda purALanuAM te vyAsajUnumupayAmi guruM muninAm / bhA.pu. 1-2-3 'jJAnasAra', 23 - lokasaMgrahASTaka-pa, pR. 309 'jJAnasAra', upasaMhAra 1thI 4, pR. 345-346

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upAdhyAya yazovijayajI : samanvayavAdI tattvavettA kavi 9. Adi zaMkarAcArya, 'vivekacUDAma'i zloka-7, saMpAdaka : gautama paTela, prakAzaka : saMskRta sevA samiti, amadAvAda, 2007, pR. 40 13 mahAbhArata zAMtiparva, viSNusahasranAmastotra 137 arTa samAntara kahI zakAya tevI carcA pAdaTIpamAM noMdhavAmAM Ave che, dharma vinAnuM vijJAna aMdha che ane vijJAna vinAno dharma pAMkha vinAnA pakSI jevo che. AthI AjanA yugamAM dharmanI AMkhe ane vijJAnanI pAMkhe ja uDavuM rahyuM. - zrI ramezabhAI ojhA (pU. bhAIzrI) 11. 'jJAnasAra, upasaMhAra-1, pR. 40 12. 'jJAnasAra', upasaMhAra-6, pR. 437 13. 'jJAnasAra, upasaMhAra-7, pR. 438 14. 'jJAnasAra', upasaMhAra-14, pR. 442 15. 'jJAnasAra', upasaMhAra-8, pR. 438 16. 'jJAnasAra, 16 - mAdhasthASTaka-7, pR. 227 17 mahAkavi kAlidAsa, 'mAlavikAgnimitram 1-2 18. 'jJAnasAra, 15 - mAdhyasthASTaka, pR. 228 52 udhRta mAdhyasthASTaka, pR. 228 para udhRta 19. 'jJAnasAra', 16 20 'jJAnasAra', 26 - anubhavASTaka-8, pR. 354 21. 'jJAnasAra, 26 - anubhavASTaka-3, pR. 347 22. mahAkavi bhartRhari, 'nItizataka' 1 23. Adi zaMkarAcArya, 'vivekacUDAma'i pa6, pR. 38 24. Adi zaMkarAcArya, 'vivekacUDAmAi' pa3, pR. 37 25. 'jJAnasAra, 5 - jJAnASTaka-7, pR. 77 - 26. vakSanADaminanuM varNAnam / 4.ve. 1-32-1 27. jJAnasAra, chu - mAdaka-3, %0 82 28. bhagavadgItA 6-3 ra9. 'jJAnasAra', 12 - niHspRhASTaka-2, pR. 167 OM zrImad bhAgavata 2-2-5 - 31. jJAnasAra, 12 - niHspRhASTaka-7, pR. 176 32. jJAnasAra, ra - niyAgASTaka-6, pR. 333 33 "jJAnasAra', 28 - niyAgASTaka-4, pR. 375 34. jJAnasAra, 28 - niyAgASTaka-, pR. 379 35. 'jJAnasAra', 28 niyAgASTaka-7, pR. 380 36. jJAnasAra, 28 - niyAgASTaka, pR. 381 7 bhagavatA 4-24 - 193 38. jJAnasAra', 28 - niyAgASTaka-8, pR. 381 39 'jJAnasAra', 16 - mAdhasmAraka-6, pR. 226 40. juo : akSaraM vrahma paramaM bhAgI. 8-3 41. mahAkavi kAlidAsa, 'raghuvaMza', 10-26

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194 gautama paTela 4ra, puSpadaMta, "zrIzivamahimna stotra' 7. 43. "jJAnasAra', 19 - tattvadRSTi aSTaka-7, pR. 260 44 'jJAnasAra', pR. 260 para Do. Ara. sI. zAha dvArA uta 45. "jJAnasAra', 4 - mohatyAgASTaka-1, pR. 48 46. "jJAnasAra', 32 - sarvanayAzrayASTaka-2mAM Do. Ara. sI. zAha dvArA uddhRta, pR. 425 47. "jJAnasAra', 32 - sarvanayAzrayASTaka-2, pR. 424 48. "jJAnasAra', 20 - sarvasamRddhiaSTaka-2, pR. 271 noMdha : DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha dvArA saMpAdita "jJAnasArano AdhAra lIdho che te mATe teono RNI chuM.

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24 razmi bhedA jaina yoga ane pAtaMjala yoga AdhyAtmika vikAsanI pUrNatA arthAt nirvANa yA mokSa te mAnavajIvananuM aMtima sAdhya che. sarva bhAratIya darzanonuM aMtima lakSya mokSaprApti che. mokSa prApta karavAno utkRSTa upAya athavA mArga e ja yoga che. yoga e viziSTa sAdhanApaddhati che jeno saMbaMdha zuddha AtmasvarUpanI prApti sAthe che. A sAdhanAnI paraMparA prAcIna kALathI cAlI Ave che. A paraMparA jainonAM AgamomAM, bauddhonA piTakomAM temaja sAMkhyadarzananA yogazAstramAM maLe che. yoga zabda mULa 'yuja' dhAtu 52thI Avyo che. jenA be artha che : eka joDavuM; saMyojana karavuM ane bIjo artha che - samAdhi, cittaHsthiratA. bhAratIya yogadarzanamAM baMne arthamAM A zabdano upayoga thayo che. jaina paraMparAmAM 'saMyoga' arthamAM svIkRta che jyAre 'pAtaMjala yogasUtra'mAM 'yoga' zabda samAdhi, cittasthiratA arthamAM lIdho che. pAtaMjala yogadarzana : A yogadarzanano prAcInatama graMtha che je yogano sauthI pramANabhUta graMtha manAya che. pataMjali munie I. sa. pUrve 200nI AsapAsa yogasaMbaMdhita dhAraNAone yogasUtramAM saMgRhIta karI che. yogazAstra cittanA svarUpanuM jJAna Ape che ane cittane kema vizuddha ke sthira karavuM tenuM vyavasthita mArgadarzana Ape che. mana ane indriyono nigraha, cittanI zaktiono vikAsa, dhyAna, ekAgratA ane samAdhinI sAdhanA e yogazAstranA mukhya viSayo che. A graMthanAM cAra prakaraNa che. paheluM prakaraNa samAdhipAda che je uttama adhikArIo mATe che. sauprathama yoganuM lakSaNa batAveluM che - yoganizvittavRttinirodhaH ||1.2|| pAtaMjala yogasUtra artha : cittanI vRttiono nirodha karavo arthAt cittanI

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196 razmi bhedA . vRttione rokavI enuM nAma yoga che. cittanI kSipta, mUDha, vikSipta, ekAgra ane niruddha - ema pAMca avasthAo che. prakRtinA traNa guNo che - sattva, rajasa ane tamasa. (1) kSipta avasthA : rajoguNanI adhikatA hoI citta caMcaLa banIne badhA viSayomAM doDAdoDa karatuM hoya che. sthiratA prApta karI zakatuM nathI. (2) mUDha avasthA : tamoguNapradhAna hoya che. kRtyAkRtyane nahIM jANanAra ane hiMsAdirUpa adharma temaja ALasa, pramAda, krodha vageremAM magna hoya che. (3) vikSipta avasthA : prApta karelAM sukhanAM sAdhanomAM citta tallIna rahe che. rajoguNanA leza sahita sattvaguNapradhAna hoya che. citta koI vAra sthira thAya che. (4) ekAgra avasthA : citta rajoguNa ane tamoguNa rahita sattvaguNapradhAna hoya che. eka ja viSayamAM lAMbA samaya sudhI vAyu vinAnA sthAnamAM mUkelA dIpaka mAphaka sthiratA dhAraNa kare che. (5) niruddha avasthA : vRttimAtrano abhAva che. kevaLa saMskAramAtra zeSa rahe che. AvI rIte cittanI A pAMca avasthAomAMthI chevaTanI be yoganI prApti karAve che. pataMjali muni A vRttionA nirodha mATe abhyAsa ane vairAgyanuM sAdhana batAve che. cittamAM koI paNa prakAranI vRtti utpanna na thAya ane citta tenA sva-svarUpamAM sthira thAya e mATe satata yatna karavo te abhyAsa. vairAgya eTale saMsAra ane tenA viSayo pratye anAsakti. 'pAtaMjala yogadarzana'nuM bIjuM prakaraNa che sAdhanApAda je yoganI zarUAta karanArA mATe che. temAM kriyAyoga ane aSTAMgayogarUpI sAdhanonuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. vikSipta cittavALA je manuSya yogane saMpAdana karavA icche che teo mATe tapa, svAdhyAya ane IzvarapraNidhAnarUpa kriyAyoga kahelo che. madhyamAdhikArInI cittanI azuddhi kriyAyoga dvArA dUra thAya che. paraMtu maMdAdhikArInA cittanI azuddhi kSaya karavA mATe aSTAMga yoga batAvyo che. yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhi A aSTAMga yoganAM ATha aMgo che. trIjo pAda che vibhUtipAda. vibhUti eTale aizvarya agara siddhio. mumukSuo siddhiono anAdara kare che paNa vividha prakAranA saMyama dvArA yogIne je aizvarya prApta thAya che tenuM varNana che. maMdAdhikArIne yogamAM zraddhA upajAvavA vibhUtionuM varNana kareluM che. chelluM ane cothuM prakaraNa che kaivalyapAda. vivekajanya jJAna dvArA samAdhino lAbha thAya che e yoganuM mukhya phaLa che. e samAdhijanya kaivalyanuM nirUpaNa A pAdamAM kareluM che. jainadarzanamAM yoga - jainadarzanamAM 'yoga' zabda 'yuja' dhAtuno artha joDavuM, saMyojana ka2vuM e arthamAM svIkArelo che. eTale mokSa sAthe yojana, joDANa karAve te yoga. mokSeLa yonanAv yoH ema enI vyAkhyA che. je prakriyA vaDe AtmA zuddha AtmasiddhipadarUpa mokSapada athavA nirvANapadane prApta

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jaina yoga ane pAtaMjala yoga kare enuM nAma yoga. AtmAnA nija zuddha svabhAva sAthe, sahajAtmasvarUpa sAthe joDANa thavuM te ja yoganuM pragaTa spaSTa svarUpa che. parabhAva, vibhAvamAMthI nIkaLI AtmabhAvamAM sthira thavuM e ja mokSamArga che. jainadarzanamAM A mokSamArga, yogamArga, samyakdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakcAritra A ratnatrayarUpa che ane e ja jaina yoga che. 197 samyakdarzana : sAcI dRSTi. sudeva, suguru ane sudharmamAM sAcI zraddhA ane ruci. samyakdarzana eTale jIvAdi tattvone tenA mULa svarUpamAM samajavAM ane temAM zraddhA rAkhavI. samyakdarzana eTale Atmadarzana. samyajJAna H je vastunuM svarUpa jevuM che tevuM tene jANavuM. samyakdarzana eTale jIvAdi padArthomAM zraddhA rAkhavI ane samyajJAna eTale jIvAdi padArthono arthAt tattvono bodha thavo. samyacAstri : cAritra eTale AcaraNa. yathArtha jJAnapUrvaka asat kriyAmAMthI nivRtti ane sat kriyAmAM pravRtti. samyakdarzana, jJAnapUrvaka AtmAmAM ramaNatA, sthiratA karavI. dareka AtmA jemAM paramAtmA thavAnI kSamatA che te samyakdarzana, jJAna, cAritrarUpa ratnatrayane AdarIne arthAt yogamArgane anusarIne paramAtmapada prApta karI zake che. Agama sAhitya uparAMta ghaNA jainAcAryoe yoga ane dhyAna vize vyApaka sAhityanI racanA karI che. jemAM AcArya haribhadrasUrinuM sthAna TocanuM che. emaNe jaina yoga sAhityamAM eka navA adhyAyanI zarUAta karI. yoganuM svarUpa darzAvatAM emaNe kahyuM che ke yoga dvArA jIvAtmA AdhyAtmika vikAsa sAdhI paramAtma dazA prApta karI zake che. jIvanuM AdhyAtmika lakSya mokSa che. enI prApti mATe yoga sAdhana che. yoganI vyApakatA ApatAM teo kahe che - mukkheNa joyaNAo, jogo savvo vi dhammavAvAro / / 1 / / yogaviMzikA / AcArya zubhacaMdre 'jJAnArNava'mAM ane hemacaMdrAcArye 'yogazAstra'mAM jaina paraMparA saMmata ratnatrayI(samyak jJAna, darzana, cAritra)ne mokSanA heturUpa arthAt yogarUpathI svIkAra karyo che. pAtaMjala yoga ane jaina yoganI pUrvabhUmikA joI. have pataMjali yoga ane jaina yogane tulanAtmaka dRSTie joIe. yoganuM aMtima lakSya mokSa baMne paraMparAmAM samAna rUpathI svIkRta che. jainadarzanamAM jene mokSa kahevAya che enuM ja pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM 'kaivalya' nAmathI varNana kareluM che. kaivalyanI prApti mATe abhyAsa, vairAgya, kriyAyoga ane aSTAMgayoganuM vidhAna prastuta che. jyAre jainadarzanamAM mokSaprApti mATe samyakdarzana, samyajJAna ane samyakcAritrarUpa ratnatraya che. samyakUdarzananuM je varNana che te pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM varNavelA 'vivekakhyAti' sAthe maLatuM Ave che. AtmA ane pudgalanuM bhedajJAna thAya che te ja samyakdarzana che. tene ja pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM vivekakhyAti kahyuM che. jyAre mithyAtvanuM 'svarUpa pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM varNavelA avidyAnA svarUpa sAthe maLe che. zrImad rAjacaMdra mithyAtvanuM svarUpa kahe che -

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198 razmi bheda kalyANane akalyANa ane akalyANane kalyANa samaje te mithyAtva. deha ane dehAthamamatva e mithyAtva lakSaNa che. mithyAtva eTale yathArtha na samajAya te. pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM je vastu jevI nathI temAM tevI buddhi rAkhavI te avidyA kahevAya che. anitya vastumAM nityapaNAnI buddhi rAkhavI, duHkharUpa vastumAM sukharUpatAnI buddhi rAkhavI ane jaDa vastumAM cetanatAnI buddhi rAkhavI e avidyA che. A mithyAjJAnarUpa avidyAno vivekakhyAtirUpa vidyA vaDe vinAza thAya te ja kaivalya che. samyaphacAritra jainadarzanamAM mokSamArganuM pramukha sAdhana che. vyavahAranayathI te cAritra vrata, samiti, gupti rUpe che. pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM aSTAMga yoganA aMtargata sarvaprathama yamaniyamane cAritranirmANanA sAdhana tarIke prastuta karelA che. "yama" e aSTAMga yoganuM prathama aMga che. yamamAM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha - A pAMca vratono samAveza karelo che. A pAMca vrata e ja jainadarzanamAM mULabhUta vrato che je sAdhu mATe mahAvrata ane gRhastha mATe aNuvrata tarIke darzAvelAM che. tattvArthasUtramAM umAsvAti vrata kone kahevAya e darzAvatAM kahe che - hiMsA-DavRti-ste-Dabraha, paripradezo-viratirvatam IIche. A vratanA be bheda che - hiMsAdi pApothI dezathI (AMzika) nivRtti te aNuvrata ane sarvathA nivRtti te mahAvrata che. A pAMca vratanuM pAlana karavAthI je phaLa prApta thAya che tenuM nirUpaNa yogasUtramAM karyuM che. dA. ta. je vyaktinA aMtaHkaraNamAM ahiMsAvRtti daDha thAya che tenA sAnidhyamAM hiMsaka svabhAvavALAM prANI paNa potAnI veravRttino tyAga karI zAMtabhAva dhAraNa kare che. A yogadarzananuM dRSTAMta tIrthaMkara mahAvIranA jIvanamAM paNa jovA maLe che. mahAvIrane caMDakauzika sarpe DaMkha mAryo tyAre temaNe tenA para maitrIbhAvano prayoga karyo hato. niyama" e pataMjalinA aSTAMga yoganuM bIjuM aMga che. temAM zauca, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya ane IzvarapraNidhAna - A pAMca niyamono samAveza che. jainadarzanamAM niyamonA aMtargata svanA anuzAsana mATe dravya, kSetra, kAlanI maryAdA sahita guNavrata ane zikSAvrata ApelA che je gRhastha dharma mATe aNuvratanI surakSA ane vikAsa mATe che. aSTAMga yoganA niyamamAM cotho niyama je tapa che eno kriyAyogamAM samAveza karAyelo che. jainadarzanamAM tapa be prakAre che - bAhya tapa ane atyaMtara tapa. jenA pAchA cha-cha bhedo che. anazana, UNodarI, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, vivikta zapyAsana ane kAyakleza ema cha prakAranAM bAhya tapa che. ane prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvacca, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga ane dhyAna e cha prakAranAM atyaMtara tapa che. aSTAMga yogamAM pAMcamo niyama "IzvarapraNidhAna" che. IzvaranA anugrahathI yoganI prApti ane sthiratAsvarUpa siddhi thAya che ema kahe che. pAtaMjala yogadarzananA mate IzvaramAM apratihata - sahaja evuM jJAna, vairAgya, aizvarya ane dharma

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jaina yoga ane pAtaMjala yoga A cAreya tattva anAdikALathI che. indriyonI madada vinA utpanna thatAM jJAnAdi pariNAmo aparimita che, parAkASThAnAM che. mATe sarvajJatAnI siddhi temAM thAya che. sarvazaktisaMpanna IzvaranI icchAnusAra AkhuM jagata karma mujaba pravarte che, pariName che. 199 pAtaMjala yogamAM Izvara ane Izvarano anugraha che enA vize upAdhyAya yazovijayajI samAlocanA karatAM kahe che ke IzvaranA anugrahathI ja yoga utpanna thAya che. A vAta barAbara nathI kAraNa ke je jIvamAM yogyatA na hoya tevA jIvamAM Izvara yogane utpanna na karI zake. jema jaDa evA aNune Izvara kyAre paNa jIva banAvI zakato nathI. vastuno mULabhUta svabhAva kyAreya badalAto nathI. tethI yogyatAthI nirapekSa evA kevaLa IzvaranA anugrahathI ja jIvone yogasiddhi ane mokSaprApti thAya che A vAta barAbara nathI. jo IzvaramAM anugraha karavAno svabhAva ekasarakho hoya to ekIsAthe badhA jIvone yogasiddhi, mukti maLI jAya, paNa evuM thatuM nathI. eTale vyaktibheda, Atmabhede IzvaramAM anugrahatA paNa vibhinna prakAranI mAnavI paDe, je pAtaMjala darzanane mAnya nathI. jainadarzana anusAra saMsAramAM bhaTakatA jIvo IzvaranA, arihaMtanA mArgadarzana anusAra svecchAthI pravRtti kare, puruSArtha kare to A bhava aTavIthI pAra pAme che. Izvara eTale ke arihaMta jIvone mokSamArga dekhADe che. ArAdhaka jIvo e mArga para cAlI, yogamArgamAM AgaLa vadhI mokSaprApti karI zake che. A rItano anugraha jainadarzanane mAnya che paNa IzvaranA anugrahathI svarganI prApti thAya che A rItano anugraha jainadarzanane mAnya nathI. jainadarzana pramANe A sRSTi anAdi-anaMta che. arthAt A sRSTinI utpatti ke layano koI avakAza nathI, kartA-saMhartA rUpe Izvara jevI koI vyakti astitvamAM nathI. pratyeka jIva enA vartamAna paryAyano pote ja kartA che ane pratyeka jIvamAM 52mAtmatattva raheluM che. pote puruSArtha karI vartamAna baddha paryAyathI mukta banI zake che ane potAmAM rahelA pa2mAtmatattvane saMpUrNa pragaTa karI pote paramAtmA banI zake che. jainadarzanamAM badhAya mukta jIvo (je siddha tarIke oLakhAya che) samAna bhAve Izvara tarIke upAsya che. Ama jainadarzanamAM IzvaranuM sthAna arihaMta ke siddhanuM che je anAdikALathI sadA mukta evA IzvaranuM nathI paNa saMsArI jIva je potAnA puruSArthathI, yogyatAthI e pada prApta karI zakyA che. yoganA tRtIya aMga 'Asana'nuM mahattva sAdhanA mATe zarIrane sthira karavAnuM che. mana sthira karavA mATe zarIranI nizcalatAnI jarU2 che je AsanathI siddha thAya che. aSTAMga yoganA AgaLanA aMga prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAnanA abhyAsa mATe zarIranI sthiratA Avazyaka che. eTale pAtaMjala yoga ane jaina yoga A baMne paraMparAmAM 'Asana'ne sthAna ApyuM che. AcArya hemacaMdra 'yogazAstra'mAM dhyAnathI siddhi karavA mATe Asanano jaya ka2vAnuM kahe che. 'prANAyAma' e aSTAMga yoganuM mahattvanuM aMga che. zvAsa-prazvAsanI gatino zAstrokta rIte nirodha karavo te prANAyAma che. prANAyAma vaDe cittanI sthiratA thAya che je dhyAnanI sAdhanA mATe jarUrI che. jaina yogamAM prANAyAma arthAt bhAva-prANAyAma evo artha lIdho che.

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200 razmi bhedA AtmAmAMthI parabhAvono tyAga karavo te recaka bhAva prANAyAma. AtmAmAM aMtarAtmabhAva pragaTAvavo te pUraka bhAva prANAyAma. AtmAne svabhAvadazAmAM sthira karavo te kuMbhaka bhAva prANAyAma. pAtaMjala RSi 'yogadarzana'mAM prANAyAmanA abhyAsathI prakAzanuM arthAt buddhisattvanuM (jJAna, darzanane rokanAruM) je AvaraNa che te kSaya pAme che ema kahe che. prANAyAmanI siddhi thavAthI vivekanA kAraNarUpa buddhisattvanA prakAzanuM pAparUpa ane klezarUpa AvaraNa kSaya pAme che. prANAyAmathI zarIra nIrogI bane che. paraMtu jainadarzana pramANe samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra saMbaMdhI AcAravicAra, vinaya, abhyAsa, tapa, devagurusevA Adi vinA jJAna, darzanarUpa AtmaprakAza pragaTato nathI. prANAyAma daihika kriyA che. enAthI Atmazuddhi thatI nathI paraMtu samyak prakAre deva, guru, dharmanI zraddhA, cAritra tathA jJAnano abhyAsa sadgurunA sAnnidhyamAM karavAthI prakAzAvaraNano kSaya thAya che. 'pratyAhAra' jainadarzanamAM 'pratisaMlInatA' tapanI samakakSa che. beu paraMparAmAM indriyonI svAbhAvika pravRttiono nirodha karI ene aMtarmukha karavAnuM kahyuM che. pratyAhAramAM pAMca indriyonA viSayothI vALI manane saMkalpa-vikalpathI dUra karIne AtmasvarUpamAM sthira karavA taiyAra karAya che. pratyAhAra A yoganuM aMga siddha thayA pachI yoganuM chaThThuM aMga dhAraNA Ave che. pratyAhArathI cittane indriyonA pAMca viSayamAMthI kheMcI manane eka viSaya para sthira karavuM e dhAraNA che. aSTAMga yogamAM dhAraNA pachI dhyAnanuM sthAna Ave che. eka ja viSayamAM - dhyeyasthAnamAM cittavRtti ekAgra thAya, arthAt te ja viSayamAM vRttino pravAha ekadhAro vahevA mAMDe te avasthAne dhyAna kahe che. dhyAna dvArA mananI vRttionA taraMgo laya pAme che. sAdhaka arthAt dhyAtA dIrghakAlaparyaMta dhyAnanA abhyAsamAM lIna thaI jAya che tyAre dhyAtA ane dhyAnanI pratIti kSINa thaI jAya che. enI ekAgra thayelI cittavRtti mAtra dhyeya rUpe ja jaNAya che te samAdhi che; aSTAMga yoganuM aMtima caraNa che. A traNa - dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhinI ekAgratA thAya ene pAtaMjala yogadarzanamAM saMyama kahyuM che. arthAt dhyAna, dhyAtA ane dhyeyanuM jyAre abheda bhAve ekatva thAya, bahirAtmabhAva tyajAya, AtmasvarUpanuM jJAna jAge, tenA yoge paramAtmAne dhyeya karI tenA dhyAnamAM dhyAtA banI ekarUpa banI jAya te saMyama che, dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhino abhyAsa, AlaMbananA baLathI thAya che e saMprajJAta yoga kahevAya che jyAre asaMprajJAta yoga e dhyeyarUpa AlaMbana vinAno hoya che. jaina yogamAM dhyAnanuM viziSTa sthAna che. mokSaprApti thavI e dhyAna vinA saMbhava nathI. pAtaMjala yogadarzananuM chaThThuM aMga dhAraNA ane aMtima 'samAdhi' e 'dhyAna'mAM ja samAviSTa thaI jAya che. dhyAnanI utkRSTa sthiti samAdhi che. mokSaprApti mATe be zubha dhyAna che - dharmadhyAna ane zukladhyAna. dharmadhyAnathI nirjarA thAya che ane paraMparAe zukladhyAna prApta thaI mokSaprAptimAM kAraNabhUta thAya che. zukladhyAnanA cAra bheda che. emAMthI prathamanA be bheda - pRthakatva-vitarka-savicAra ane ekatva-vitarka

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jaina yoga ane pAtaMjala yoga 201 avicAra e pAtaMjala yogasaMmata saMprajJAta samAdhinA sadaza che kAraNa ke saMprajJAta yoga AlaMbananA baLathI thAya che ane prathamanA be zukladhyAna zrutanA AlaMbanapUrvaka hoya che. zukladhyAnanA pachInA be bheda - sUkSmakriyA patipAti ane samucchinna kriyAnivRtti e asaMprajJAta samAdhinA sadaza batAvelA che. asaMprajJAta samAdhi e dhyeyarUpa AlaMbana vinAnI nirbhuja samAdhi che. zukladhyAnanAM chellAM be dhyAna sarva AlaMbanarahita hoya che. sarva doSarahita jene nirmaLa kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM tene hoya che. pAtaMjala mata pramANe cittanA je pAMca prakAra che temAMthI mAtra ekAgra ane niruddha dazAmAM ja samAdhi arthAt yoga hoya che. vikSipta cittamAM yogano phakta AraMbha ja hoya che ane kSipta ane mUDha cittamAM to vyutthAna dazA ja che. ekAgra ane niruddha A be ja cittadazA samAdhimAM upayogI thAya che kAraNa ke temAM sattvaguNano atireka hovAthI citta lAMbA samaya sudhI dIpakanI jema sthira thaI zake che. citta ekAgra hoya tene ja saMprajJAta yoga kahe che. jyAre niruddha cittamAM vRttimAtrano abhAva thayo hoya che. mAtra saMskAra ja zeSa rahelA hoya che tene ja asaMprajJAta yoga kahevAya che. kSipta ane mUDha cittamAM sattva guNano utkarSa ja nathI tathA vikSipta cittamAM sthiratA nathI mATe te citta samAdhimAM upayogI nathI. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI pAtaMjala mata sAthe sahamata thatA nathI. kAraNa ke ghaTa banAvavAnI kriyA mATIno piMDa banAvavAthI zarU thAya che. jyAM sudhI ghaTa bane nahIM tyAM sudhInI kriyAmAM aMzAtmaka ghaTa utpanna thAya ja che. vikSipta cittamAM sattvaguNanA udrakathI yogano AraMbha thAya ja che. eTale e samaye paNa karma-nirjarArUpa phaLa to prApta thAya ja che. te rIte vikSipta cittamAM aMzAtmaka yoga mAnIe to ja tenA pariNAme niruddha avasthAmAM saMpUrNa yoga pragaTa thAya. mATe vikSipta cittane paNa yogasvarUpa mAnavuM joIe. A nizcayanayanuM tAtparya che. (jainadarzanamAM nizcayanayanA abhiprAya mujaba karAtuM paNa kArya karAyela kahevAya che.). pataMjali RSie cittanI zuddhi mATe maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane upekSA A cAra bhAvanAo kahI che. ___maitrI karuNA muditopekSANAM sukhaduHkhapuNyApuNyaviSayANAM bhAvanAtazcitaprasAdanam / / 1.33 / / yogasUtra artha : sAdhake sukhImAM maitrInI, duHkhImAM karuNAnI, puNyavAnamAM muditAnI ane pApImAM upekSAnI bhAvanAthI cittamAM doSonI nivRtti karavI. jainadarzanamAM AtmabhAvamAM sthiratA lAvavA A ja cAra bhAvanAno ullekha karAyelo che. maitrIpramodakArUNya-mAdhyastaparicintanam / jainadarzanamAM maitrI vadhAre sUkSma rIte batAvelI che. prANImAtra sAthe eTale cha-kAyanA badhA jIvo ' sAthe maitrIbhAva keLavavAnuM kaheluM che. jyAre pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM sukhI prANI sAthe maitrI batAvavAmAM AvI che.

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razmi bhedA baMne darzanamAM yoganuM mAhAtmya darzAveluM che. yoga mokSanI keDI che. vighnone zAMta ka2nA2 che. yogarUpa kalpavRkSathI A lokamAM labdhio prApta thAya che. paralokamAM abhyudaya thAya che, 52mAtmapada prApta thAya che. AvA yoganuM phaLa batAvatAM yogasUtramAM kahe che - saMyamano abhyAsa ka2vAthI heyazeya viSayomAM prajJAno phelAvo thAya che. alaga alaga rIte saMyama ka2vAthI alaga alaga siddhio prApta thAya che. traNa prakAranAM pariNAmo (dharmasvarUpa pariNAma, lakSaNasvarUpa pariNAma, avasthArUpa pariNAma) para saMyama karavAthI atItakAlIna ane anAgatakAlIna viSayanuM jJAna thAya che. zabda, artha, buddhi saMbaMdhI saMyama karavAthI haMsa, mRga, vagere tamAma jIvonA zabdanuM jJAna thAya che. hAthI vagerenA baLane vize saMyama karavAthI hAthI vagerenI tAkAta yogImAM pragaTe che. AvI rIte aneka prakAranI labdhio, aNimA, mahimAdi ATha aizvaryano prAdurbhAva jevI aneka siddhio prApta thAya che. 202 AnI samIkSA karatAM upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kahe che ke A siddhiomAM je vaividhya che tenuM . kAraNa karmano kSayopazama che. A siddhione jJAnasiddhi ane zaktisiddhi ema be prakAranI siddhi kahI zakAya. je jJAnasiddhi thAya che te jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA kSayopazamathI thAya ane hAthI vagere jevuM baLa maLavArUpa je siddhio prApta thAya che te vIryaMtarAya karmanA kSayopazI thAya che. pAtaMjala yogadarzanamAM saMyamano artha che - koI paNa eka ja viSayamAM dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhinI ekAgratA. jyAre jainadarzanamAM saMyama eTale sadoSa pravRttino tyAga ane zAstravihita pravRttino samanvaya. dA.ta. saMyama eTale sArI rIte yama (pAMca vrato) pALavA, indriyone tathA manane azubha pravRttimAM jatI rokavI te saMvara athavA saMyama che. AvI rIte zAstravihita anuSThAnanuM praNidhAna ka2vAsvarUpa saMyamathI ja mohanIya karmano kSaya thaI tema ja bIjA ghAtI karmano kSaya thaI sarva viSayaka jJAna utpanna thaI zake che. pAtaMjala darzanamAnya saMyamathI mananI ekAgratA AvI zake paraMtu mohanIya karmano kSaya ke kSayopazama na thaI zake kAraNa ke temAM AtmavizuddhinuM praNidhAna ja bhaLatuM nathI. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI jainadarzana mujaba yoganuM mAhAtmya jaNAvatAM kahe che ke prAyazcitta pApanuM nAzaka che mATe pUrve karelAM pApAdi karmonuM prAyazcitta paNa yoga che tathA aMtaHkoTAkoTInI sthitivALAM karmono nAza karavAmAM sahAyaka paNa yoga che. tevA yogathI nikAcita evAM karmono paNa kSaya thaI zake che. jJAna, kriyA, prAyazcitta yoga che. vRkSone jema Aga saLagAve tema yogathI kuTila evAM karmono nAza thAya che. AcArya haribhadrasUrino jaina yogasAhityamAM mahattvano phALo che. emanA yogaviSayaka cAra graMtho che. emAMnA eka graMtha 'yogadRSTisamuccaya'mAM yogI saMpUrNa AtmasvarUpane prApta kare tyAM sudhI AtmAno kramika vikAsakrama samajAvavA mATe ene ATha bhUmikAmAM vaheMcyo che je yogadRSTi kahevAya che. A ATha yogadRSTiono emaNe pAtaMjalanA aSTAMga yoganA eka eka aMga sAthe samanvaya karyo che. AvI rIte emaNe jainayoga ane pAtaMjala yogadarzanano samanvaya sAdhavAno prayAsa karyo che. AvI ja rIte emanA bIjA graMtha 'yogabiMdu'mAM yoganA adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA ane vRttisaMkSepa ema pAMca bheda karyA che ane A yogabhedonI pAtaMjalakRta yogabhedo sAthe tulanA karI che.

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jena yoga ane pAtaMjala yoga 203 temAM samAyogane pataMjali muni saMprajJAta samAdhi yoga kahe che ane chellA vRttisaMkSaya yogane asaMprajJAta samAdhi kahe che. vRttino saMkSaya eTale AtmAne lAgelAM mohamAyArUpa karmono nAza karavo te. ahIM AtmA sarva vRttiono uccheda karavArUpa vRttinirodha rUpe samAdhiyogane prApta kare che. yogInuM azeSa bhAvamana ane jJAnAvaraNa Adi cAra ghAtI karma ne vRttino nAza thaI yogI AtmasvarUpanI pUrNa prApti kare che. tevA yogInI svarUpasthiti asaMprajJAta samAdhiyoga kahevAya che. , AvI rIte A yogasAdhanAno mArga vicArIe to je sAdhanAthI AtmAnI zaktino vikAsa thaI, AtmA pUrNa sva-svarUpamAM sthira thAya e yoga che. je sAdhanAthI AtmAno paramAtmA sAthe saMyoga thAya, potAnuM zuddha AtmasvarUpa prApta kare e yogasAdhanA che. enA mATenuM yogazAstra je koI paNa darzananuM hoya paNa enuM lakSya AtmazuddhinuM ja che. Atmazuddhi mATe yogasAdhanA jarUrI che.

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jainadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga jaina dharme bhAratanI paraMparA ane saMskRtine potAnA viziSTa pradAnathI samRddha karI che. ahiMsA, anekAnta ane aparigrahanA siddhAMtonI Aje aparihArya mahattA che. dhArmikatA ane sAmpradAyika rIti-nItie UbhA karelA aneka praznono uttara jainadarzananA sRSTinI utpatti vizenA ane AcAravicAranA keTalAka vijJAnika niyamo dvArA ApI zakAya tema che. vizva paramezvaranuM sarjana hovAnI mAnyatAno jaina dharma svIkAra karyo nathI. samagra vizva mukhyatve be prakAranAM dravya : jIva ane ajIvamAMthI sarjAyuM hovAnuM jainadarzana jaNAve che. A baMne dravya nitya, asRSTa, sahaastitva dharAvatAM ane svataMtra che. vizvanAM bhinna bhinna svarUpo A dravyonA saMghaTana-vighaTanane kAraNe jovA maLe che. jainadarzananA sRSTinA svarUpa vizenA vaijJAnaka daSTikoNano samucita paricaya A dravyAnuyoga dvArA ja maLe che. jainadarzananA ahiMsA, anekAnta, aparigraha jevA siddhAMtonI jema dravyAnuyoga paNa tenuM viziSTa pradAna che. zrImad rAjacaMdra tenAthI ghaNA prabhAvita thayA hatA. temaNe jaNAvyuM ke sarvadarzana eka jainadarzanamAM samAya che. temAM paNa jaina eka darzana che. bauddha kSaNikavAdI paryAya rUpe sat che. vedAMta - sanAtana-dravya rUpe sat che. cArvAka nirIzvaravAdI - jyAM sudhI AtmAnI pratIti thaI nathI tyAM sudhI tene oLakhavA rUpe satu' che - paNa zuddha caitanya anaMta Atmadravya kevalajJAna svarUpa zakti rUpe te jene saMpUrNa vyakta thayuM che tathA vyakta thavAno je puruSo mArga pAmyA che te parama nigraMtha mArga che...ane mahAvIra svAmIe dravya, kSetra, kALa ane bhAvathI - upadezelo mArga sarvasva rUpe yathAtathya che. . cAra anuyoga - jainadarzanamAM jaNAvelA cAra anuyoga A pramANe che: niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA

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jainadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga 205 1. dravyAnuyoga lokone vize rahelAM dravyo, tenuM svarUpa, guNa, dharma, hetu, sahetu paryAya Adi anaMta anaMta prakAre che, tenuM jemAM varNana che te dravyAnuyoga. 2. caraNAnuyoga : dravyAnuyoganuM svarUpa samajAyA pachI kema cAlavuM te saMbaMdhIne varNana te caraNAnuyoga, 3. gaNitAnuyoga dravyAnuyoga tathA caraNAnuyogathI tenI gaNatarInuM pramANa tathA lokane vize rahelAM padArtha, bhAvo, kSetra, kALAdinI gaNatarInA pramANathI je vAta te gaNitAnuyoga. 4. dharmakathAnuyoga H sapuruSonAM dharmacaritranI je kathAo ke jeno dhaDo laI jIvane paDatAM avalaMbanakArI thaI pariName te dharmakathAnuyoga. A uparAMta karaNAnuyogamAM siddhAMtano samAveza thAya che. jJAnIe temAM aMtarmuhUrta AtmAno apratima upayoga mAnyo che. zrImad rAjacaMdrae dravyAnuyoganI mukta kaMThe prazaMsA karatAM zrI dhArazIbhAInA patramAM tenI gaMbhIratA, tenI sUkSmatA, tenuM yathArtha pariNamavuM, tene mATenI yogyatA tathA mAhAsya nIce pramANe varNavyAM che. 'dravyAnuyoga parama gaMbhIra ane sUkSma che, nigraMtha pravacananuM rahasya che. zukla dhyAnanuM ananya kAraNa che. zukla dhyAnathI kevaLajJAna samutpanna thAya che. mahAbhAgya vaDe te dravyAnuyoga prApta thAya che. samAdhinuM rahasya e ja che, sarvaduHkhathI mukta thavAno upAya e ja che." dravyAnuyoga saMdarbhe anya graMthonI apekSAe zrI nemicaMdrasiddhAntidevakRta dravyasaMgraha ane zrI kuMkuMdAcAryata paMcAstikAya' mahattvanA graMtho che. dravyanI paribhASA ane prakAraH dravyanA mukhya be prakAra che jIva ane ajIva. ajIvanA pAMca prakAra cheH pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALa. tene A pramANe darzAvI zakAya. dravya jIva ajIva [ T T pudgala dharma adharma AkAza kALa zrImad rAjacaMdrae ati saMkSepamAM dravyonuM sAmAnya svarUpa A rIte samajAvyuM. vizva anAdi che. AkAza sarvavyApaka che. temAM loka rahyo che.

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206. niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA jaDa-cetanAtmaka saMpUrNa bharapUra loka che. dharma, adharma, AkAza, kALa e cAra amUrta dravya che. vastutAe kALa aupacArika dravya che. kALa, pudgala ane jIva anaMta dravya che. dravya guNaparyAyAtma che. jIva-ajIva dravyano prakArabhede vizeSa paricaya: 1. te nitya caitanya svabhAvarUpa-upayoganA lakSaNavALo hovAthI eka ja che. 2. jJAna ane darzana evA bhedane kAraNe be prakArano che. 3. utpAda, drauvya ane vinAza e traNa lakSaNavALo hovAthI athavA karmaphaLa, cetanA, kAryacetanA ane jJAnacetanA e traNa prakAre traNa lakSaNavALo che. 4. deva, manuSya, nAraka ane tiryaMca - e cAra gatimAM paribhramaNa karato hovAthI caturvidha bhramaNavALo che. 5. pAriNAmika, audArika vagere pAMca mukhya guNonI pradhAnatA hovAne kAraNe paMcAgra guNapradhAna che. $ 6. jIva cAra dizAmAM ane upara tathA nIce ema cha dizAmAM gamana karato hovAthI cha apakramasahita che. 7. asti, nAsti vagere saptabhaMgI yukta hovAne kAraNe saptabhaMgI che. jJAnAvaraNa vagere A karmo tathA samyakatva vagere ATha guNonA AzrayabhUta hovAne kAraNe aSTa Azraya che. 9. nava padArtha ke tattvo jIva, ajIva, pApa, puSya, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha ane mokSa rUpe pravartamAna hovAthI nava artharUpa che. 10. agni, pANI, vAyu, pRthvI, sAdhAraNa vanaspati, pratyeka vanaspati, dIdriya, tridriya, caturiMdriya ane paMcendriyarUpa daza sthAnomAM prApta hovAthI dazasthAnagata che. dravyasaMgrahamAM jIva ane ajIvanuM svarUpa A rIte varNavyuM che. jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sadehaparimANo / pottA saMsAratyo siddho so virUNoddhArUM 2-2 | jIva upayogamaya che, amUrta che, kartA che, svadeha-parimANa che, bhoktA che, saMsAramAM sthita che, siddha che ane svabhAvathI Urdhvagamana karanAra che, te jIva che. ahIM jIvanAM nava lakSaNo anusAra tenA svarUpanuM vyAkhyAna karyuM che. tikkAle cadupANA iMdiyabalamAu ANapANo ya / vavahArA so jIvo NicchayaNayado du cedaNA jassa // 1-3 //

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jainadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga jenA traNe kALamAM indriya, baLa, Ayu ane zvAsocchvAsa e cAra prANa hoya che, te vyavahArataH jIva che, paraMtu nizcaya nayAnusAra jene jJAna ane darzanarUpa cetanA che te jIva che. ahIM jIva dravyano vicAra nizcaya ane vyavahAra baMne naya dvArA karavAmAM Avyo che. ajIva dravya ajjIvo puNa Neo puggaladhammo adhamma AyAMsa / kAlo puggala mutto ruvAdiguNo amutti sesA du // 1-15 // 207 pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kALa e pAMca prakAranAM ajIva dravyomAM rUpa, rasa, gandha ane sparzathI yukta hovAne kAraNe pudgala mUrtika che ane anya zeSa dravyo amUrtika che ema jANavuM. dravyanuM sAmAnya svarUpa H jagatanI racanAnI vAstavikatA darzAvavA mATe sattA, sat, tattva, artha, padArtha vagere zabdono paNa dravya zabdanA paryAya rUpe ke samAntare upayoga thayo che. umAsvAti sat dvArA dravyanI vyAkhyA kare che - sat dravya nakSam / sat dravyanuM lakSaNa che, jaina dRSTie A dravyone astitva che sattA che tethI tene 'asti' kahevAmAM Ave che. tene aneka pradezo hovAthI tene 'kAya' (aneka pradezono samUha) paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. Ama, dravya te 'astikAya' che. pradeza eTale pudgalanA eka avibhAjya praramANu dvArA rokAyelo hoya evo avakAzAdikano eka bhAga. pudgalano eka paramANu jeTaluM AkAza (sthAna) roke te 'pradeza' kahevAya che. A rIte je dravyomAM eka ke asaMkhya pradeza hoya che tene astikAya kahevAya che. jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma ane AkAzane aneka pradezo hovAthI te astikAya che, jyAre kALane pradeza nahi hovAne kAraNe te anastikAya che. jIvadravyane vistRta ane vizada rIte varNavIne AcArya nemicaMdre ajIvane paNa sUtrAtmaka zailImAM prabodhyuM che. pudgala dravyamAMthI sarjita koI samagra vastuonA akhaMDa svarUpamAM skaMdha che. tenA ardhabhAgane deza kahe che. dezanA ardhabhAgane pradeza ane tenA chevaTanA avibhAgI bhAgane paramANu kahe che. temAM rasa, varNa, gaMdha ane sparzanA guNa che, paNa koI eka samaye te eka ja prakAranA rasa ke varNAdithI yukta hoya che. pudgalanA cha prakAra che ane tenAthI traNa loka utpanna thAya che. dharma ane adharma dravyanI vizeSatA paNa ahIM samajAvI che. loka ane alokano vibhAga dharma ane adharmane kAraNe bane che, mATe dharma ane adharma vidyamAna che, temanuM astitva che. jIva-pudgalanA gati ane sthitiyukta padArtho potAnA ja hetuthI gati ke sthiti kare che ane dharma-adharma temAM sahAyaka ke AzrayarUpa bane che. A SaT dravyAtmaka lokamAM bAkInAM dravyone je pUrepUro avakAza Ape che, te AkAza che, te temane mATe vizuddha kSetrarUpa che. AkAzanA lokAkAza ane alokAkAza evA be bhAga paDe che. jIva vagere dravyo (AkAza sivAyanAM) lokAkAzamAM astitva dharAve che. lokathI uparanA bhAgamAM jene alokAkAza kahevAmAM Ave che te aMgata ane lokathI anya che ane ananya paNa che. temAM gati-sthiti hotI nathI. tethI siddha bhagavaMto Urdhvagamana karIne lokanA agra bhAge birAje che. gati-sthitino hetu AkAza vize nathI. dharma tathA adharma ja gati ane sthitinA heturUpa che. dharma, adharma ane AkAza samAna

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208 niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA parimANavALAM hovAne lIdhe ja eka ja AkAzamAM avagAhana karIne sAthe rahelAM hovAne kAraNe ja ekatvavALAM che, paNa vyavahAramAM temanA svabhAvadharma- gatietutva, sthitihetutva ane avagAhahetutva bhinna bhinna hovAthI ekabIjAthI bhinna paNa che. temanA pradezo paNa bhinna bhinna che. dravyanA rUpamAM je parivartana thAya che ane samaya je ghaTikAdi rUpe jaNAya che te vyavahArakALa che, paNa tenA AdhArabhUta dravya - je svayaM upAdAna rUpe pariNamatA padArthone pariNamanakriyAmAM "vartanA rUpe sahakArI thAya che, te nizcayakALa che. nizcayanaya pramANe kALa aNurUpa che, retInA kaNonI jema svatva gumAvyA sivAya te sAthe rahI zake che. anya dravyonI jema kALane aneka pradezo nahi hovAthI te "anastikAya che. tene "astikAya'nI saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI nathI. zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya paMcAstikAya"mAM "satumAM rahelA je sadUbhAvaparyAyo che - tene je drave che te dravya evI paribhASA Ape che. saddabhAvaparyAyone arthAt svabhAvavizeSone je drave che, pAme che, sAmAnya svarUpe vyApe che, te "dravya che. athavA to je "sat lakSaNavALuM che, je utpAda, vyaya ane dhrauvyathI yukta che athavA je guNaparyAyonA AzrayarUpI che, tene sarvajJo dravya' kahe che. dravyanI utpatti ke vinAza nathI, tenA paryAyo ja vyaya, utpatti ane dhruvatA kare che. paMcAstikAyamAM dravyanA svarUpanuM vizada varNana maLe che. tenI paribhASA ApatAM kahyuM che : daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sambhAvapajjayAI jaM / / daviyaM taM bhaNNaMte aNaNNabhUdaM tu sattAdo // (1.9) / te te bhAvaparyAyone je drave che, pAme che, tene dravya kahe che ke je sattAthI bhinna nathI. ahIM sattA ane dravya abhinna che ema jaNAvyuM che. uparokta gAthAmAM sattAnAM je lakSaNo darzAvyAM che, te ja lakSaNo dravyanAM paNa che. sattA ane dravyanI abhinnatA jaNAvIne dravyanI paribhASA ApI che: sadUbhAvaparyAyone arthAt svabhAvavizeSone je drave che, pAme che, sAmAnya svarUpe vyApe che te dravya che. .. uppattI va viNAso davvassa ya Natthi asthi sabbhAvo / vigamuppAdadhuvattaM kareMti tasseva pajjAyA // (1.11) dravyanI utpatti ke vinAza nathI. sat svabhAvavALuM che. tenA paryAyo ja vyaya, utpatti ane dhruvatA kare che. vyArtha paryAyArthinI apekSAthI dravyanA be bhAga pADyA che. zuddha nayanI dRSTie sahavartI guNo ane kramavartI paryAyonA sadbhAvanArUpa ane traNe kALa TakanArAM dravyano vinAza ke utpAda zakya nathI, te anAdi-anaMta che. paNa tenA paryAyomAM, sahavartI paryAyomAM dhrauvyanA guNa sAthe vinAza ane utpAda paNa saMbhave che, tethI te vinAza ane utpAdathI yukta che, tethI dravya dravyArthika dRSTie vinAzarahita, utpAdarahita ane sat svabhAvavALuM che ane te ja paryAyArthika kathanathI utpAdavALuM ane vinAzavALuM che. saptabhaMgI siyabhaMgI asthi Natthi uhayaM avvattavvaM puNo ya tattidayaM / DyuM navuM sattamaM pravezavA saMmati . (2-14) Adeza anusAra dravya kharekhara syAt asti, syAt nAsti, syAt asti-nAsti, syAt avaktavya ane vaLI avaktavyatAyukta traNa bhaMgavALuM ema sAta bhaMgavALuM che.

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jainadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga 209 dravyanA saMdarbhamAM saptabhaMgInuM nirUpaNa che : (1) dravya smAt asti che, (2) dravya yAt nAsti che, (3) dravya sthAt asti ane nAsti che, (4) dravya yAt avaktavya che, (5) dravya smAt asti ane avaktavya che, (6) dravya sAt nAsti ane avaktavya che ane (7) dravya yAt asti, nAsti ane avaktavya che. svacatuSTaya dravyane svadravya, kSetra, kALa ane svabhAvanI dRSTie varNavavAmAM Ave che. svadravya, svakSetra, svakALa ane svabhAvane svacatuSTaya kahevAmAM Ave che. svadravya eTale nija guNaparyAyonI AdhArabhUta vastu pote, svakSetra eTale vastuno nija vistAra arthAt svapradezasamUha, svakALa eTale vastuno potAno vartamAna paryAya, svabhAva eTale nijaguNa - svazakti. so ceva jAdi maraNaM jAdi Na NaThTho Na ceva uppaNNo / uppaNNo ya viNaTTho devo maNusu ti pajjAo // (1.18) te ja janme che ane mRtyu pAme che, chatAM te utpanna thato nathI ane naSTa thato nathI; deva, manuSya evo paryAya utpanna thAya che ane nAza pAme che. dravya keTalIka rIte vyaya ane utpAdavALuM hovA chatAM tene avinAzI ane ajanmA kahyuM che. teno je vinAza ane utpatti dekhAya che te svarUpI dRSTie eka prakAranuM parivartana che. pUrve eka dehamAM Azraya laIne rahelo jIva, te deha nAza pAmatAM anya rUpe pariName che. je utpanna thAya che ane laya pAme che te deva mAnava - vagere paryAyo ke svarUpo che. ahIM zrImad bhagavad gItAmAM zrIkRSNae zarIra ane AtmAnI bhinnatAne varNavatAM kahelo zloka paNa mananIya che : vAsAMsi jirNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRSNAti naroDaparANi tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIni anyAni saMyAti navAni dehI // (2-22) jema manuSya jUnAM vastro tyajI navAM vastro dhAraNa kare che tema dehadhArI - AtmA jUnAM zarIro tyajI bIjAM navAM zarIro pAme che. (2-22). ahIM dravyanI paryAyAtmakatA ke svarUpa-parivartananA dharmano ja nirdeza thayelo joI zakAya che. zrImad rAjacaMdre A dRSTie paNa dravya-paryAya vize nirUpaNa karyuM che. 'deha chatAM dehAtIta' evI mahAvidehI jIvanamukta dazA anubhavanArA ane 'huM koI gacchamAM nathI, AtmAmAM chuM' - ema kahenArA zrImad rAjacaMdrae sRSTinA svarUpanuM rahasya ane dehathI bhinna svapara-prakAzaka 5rama jyotisvarUpa evA AtmAne pAmavA-samajavA ghaNuM maMthana karyuM hatuM. potAnA anubhavapratyakSa sAthe sumeLa sAdhatA bhagavAna mahAvIranA vizvavyavasthA vizenA vicAro vize paNa UMDuM tattvaciMtana karIne 'vItarAge kharuM kahyuM che' - evI pratIti temane thaI hatI.

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210 niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA zrImadda apUrva AtmAnubhUtinA ullAsanI koI dhanya kSaNe nigraMthamArganI udghoSaNA karatuM "jaDa ne caitanya baMne dravyano svabhAva bhinna' kAvya racyuM che. temAM paradravyathI bhinna zuddha AtmA sAkSAt samayasAra ja pragaTa karyo che. "A jaDa ane A cetana ema baMne dravyano bhinna svabhAva che." A cetana e janija potAnuM svarUpa che ane jaDa to saMbaMdhamAtra ne mAtra saMyoga saMbaMdharUpa ja che athavA to joya evuM jaDa paradravyamAM ja gaNAya che evo anubhavano prakAza jene ullAsita thayo che tene jaDathI udAsI udAsIna thaI, AtmAmAM ja vartI evI AtmavRtti thAya che. A paramotkRSTa zAMta zuddha caitanyasvarUpane pAmIne temAM ja tanmaya thanAra puruSanI bhAvasthitine zrImad nIce pramANe samajAve che - jene kaMI priya nathI, jene kaMI apriya nathI, jene koI zatru nathI, jene koI mitra nathI, jene mAna-apamAna, lAbha-alAbha, harSa-zoka, janma-mRtyu Adi vaMdrano abhAva thaI je zuddha caitanyasvarUpane vize sthiti pAmyA che, pAme che ane pAmaze temanuM ati utkRSTa parAkrama sAnaMdAzcarya upajAve che." ahIM zrIkRSNa zrImad bhagavad gItAmAM varNavelAM sthitaprajJanAM lakSaNo sahaja smaraNamAM Ave che. kevaLa zuddha caitanya svarUpamAM lIna rahenAra zrImadUno A anubhavasiddha samayasAra ja temanI kavitAmAM dravyAnuyoga rUpe pragaTa thayo che. prajJApanA sUtramAM jIva-ajIva dravyanuM nirUpaNa jaina darzananA dravyAnuyoganuM nirUpaNa vividha AgamagraMthomAM thayuM che. temAM paNa pannavaNA-suttaprajJApanA sUtramAM jIva-ajIva dravyonI prajJApanA, prakAra, sthAna, sthiti, vizeSa, vyutkAnti, saMjJA, yoni, bhASA, zarIra, pariNAma, vezyA, karmabandha..vagere 36 padonA saMdarbhamAM vistArathI ane atyaMta sUkSmapaNe karavAmAM AvI che. temAM jIva ane ajIvanI je vividha prakArabhede carcA karavAmAM AvI che, tene nIce pramANe pRthakkaraNa karavAthI vizeSa grAhya bane tema che: prajJApanAnAM mukhya be prakAra che; jIva ane ajIva. prajJApanA jIva. ajIva. saMsAra samApana asaMsAra samApanna arUpI. ajIva prajJApanA ajIva prajJApanA nAraka tiryaMca manuSya devagati anaMtara siddha paraMparA siddha jIva ane ajIva dravyanAM anya sUkSma vargIkaraNo paNa ahIM ApavAmAM AvyAM che, jema ke,

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jenadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga 211 saMsAra samApanna jIva prajJApanA ekendriya beindriya te indriya caurindriya paMcendriya pRthvIkayika apa-kAyika tejakAyika vAyukAyika vanaspatikAyika A darekanA sUkSma ane bAdara ema be prakAra gaNAvyA che. ajIva prajJApanAnA be prakAro varNavIne tenA sUkSma bheda paNa A rIte darzAvyA cheH arUpI ajIva dharma prajJApanAnA dasa prakAra cheH dharmAstikAya, dharmAstikAyano deza, ane dharmAstikAyanA pradezo, adharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAyano deza, adharmAstikAyanA pradezo ane kALa. rUpI ajIva prajJApanAnA cAra prakAra cheH skaMdho, skaMdha dezo, skaMdha pradezo ane paramaNa pudgalo. pugalanA pAMca prakAra che H pudgala varNapariNata gaMdhapariNata rasapariNata sparzapariNata saMsthAnapariNata A pratyeka dravyanA sthAnAdi bhede je vividha paryAyonuM ahIM nirUpaNa thayuM che, Azcaryajanaka che. atyaMta sUkSmatA, gahanatA ane krAntadarzitA vaDe pUjya tIrthakara svAmIe sakaLa lokanuM je citra sUtrAtmaka rUpe ahIM pragaTa karyuM che, tenuM sArarahasya pAmavuM muzkela che. jema ke manuSyonA bheda jaNAvatA tenA be prakAra darzAvyA che saMmUrNima manuSyo ane garbhaja manuSyo. devonA cAra prakAra cheH bhavanagAmI, vyaMtara, jayotiSka ane vaijJAnika. pRthvIkAyika, vanaspatikAyika vagerenA to asaMkhya bhedo varNavyA che. te darekanAM sthAno, sthiti, alpabAhutva, saMkhyAvizeSa, vyutkrAnti, ucchavAsa vagere vize vistArathI mAhitI ApI che. dasa saMjJAoH AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka ane ogha saMjJA - temanuM vizada varNana ane tenA upayoga vizenI talasparzI mAhitI ahIM maLe che. vividha dRSTie yoninA prakAra A pramANe che. yoni zIta uSNa | zItoSNa saMskRta vivRtta saMvRtti vivRtta karmotratA saMkhAvartA vaMzIpatrA sacitta acitta mizra pRthvInA ATha prakAra gaNAvIne audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa ane kArpaNa - e zarIranA bhedonuM paNa ahIM dravyAnuyoga saMdarbhe varNana upalabdha thAya che. pariNAma, indriyo, udeza, paMdara prakAranA T

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212 niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA prayogo, cha prakAranI vezyAo, bAvIsa prakAranI kAyasthiti, antakriyA-ovana-utpatti; saMsthAna, kriyAo, ATha prakAranI karmaprakRti; AhAra, bhaya, saMjJA, vezyA, daSTi saMghAta, kaSAya, jJAna, yoga, upayoga, veda, zarIra ane paryApti vagerenA saMdarbhamAM jIva dravyanuM kareluM vistRta nirUpaNanI dRSTie prajJApanAsUtra khUba mahattvanuM ane noMdhapAtra che. jainadarzananA dravya siddhAntano samagra paricaya ahIM upalabdha nathI. dharma, adharma, kALa, pudgala ane AkAza vizenA keTalAka ullekho mAtra maLe che. paNa vividha dRSTikoNathI thayelI jIvadravyanI prajJApanA jaina dharmanuM eka viziSTa parimANa ApaNI samakSa pragaTa kare che. sAMpratakAlIna aNu-paramANu vizenI vaijJAnika zodho ane prAcIna dharmazAstranAM te vizenAM keTalAMka pratipAdanoH kharekhara to ApaNuM vizva tenI racanA ane tenA niyamo AdikALathI Aja sudhI mAnavane mATe kutUhala ane parama AzcaryanA viSayo rahyA che. Ama, juo to jJAnavijJAnanI upAsanA ane sRSTine samajavAnA ApaNA prayatnono itihAsa ghaNo prAcIna che. kharekhara to keTalIka sadIo pahelAM jyAre phijhiksa vijJAnano uddabhava thayo tyAre A grIka zabdanI mULa dhAtu "phijhisa" evI hatI, jeno artha "sRSTinuM mULa tattva' tevo thAya che. e samaye vijJAnanI AvI ane Aje che eTalI anekavidha zAkhAo na hatI. vijJAnIo tyAre "necarala philaoNsophara" kahevAtA ane teo tattvajJAnI ja kahevAtA; temAMthI pachI Aje jene "TekanaoNlaoNjI kahIe chIe teno janma thayo. Aje jJAna-vijJAnano game teTalo vikAsa thayo hovA chatAM, upaniSadamAM ziSya dvArA "athAto brahmajijJAsA'nA saMdarbhe puchAyelI praznaparaMparA "athAto brahmAMDa jijJAsA sudhI vistare che. brahmAMDanAM rahasyo ane samagratAne haju AjanuM vijJAna saMpUrNatayA samajAvI zakyuM nathI. vaijJAniko jema jema sRSTinAM brahmAMDanAM avanavAM rahasyone ApaNI samakSa pragaTa karatA rahe che, te sAthe ja keTalAya avanavA vizALa ane viziSTa prazno paNa UbhA thatA jAya che ane ajJAnanAM kSetro paNa teTelAM ja khUlatAM jAya che. Aje ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke dekhAtA vizvanI utpatti Azare tera abaja varSa pahelAM eka mahAvisphoTamAMthI thaI, jene "biga beMga" kahevAya che. brahmAMDanI zarUAtanI kSaNono kaMIka khyAla maLe, tenA mATe "lArja heDrona kolaiDara' nAmanA eka prayogano AraMbha vaijJAnikoe karyo che. padArthanI mULa racanAne samajavAno A prayoga atyAre 27 kilomITara lAMbI TanalamAM jinIvA khAte cAlI rahyo che. ane temAM AkhIya duniyAnA vividha dezonA vaijJAniko bhAga laI rahyA che. A prayogano mULa siddhAMta to saraLa che. ApaNe brahmAMDamAM je joIe chIe te saghaLuM dravya aNuparamANuonuM baneluM che. aNumAM tenA kendramAM proTaoNna tathA nyUTrona nAmanA kaNo hoya che, ane A kendranI AsapAsa ilekTraoNna kaNo pharatA hoya che. vizvamAM "hijha bojhona' nAmano kaNa avazya astitva dharAvato hovo joIe, tema A vaijJAniko mAne che ane tene meLavavA athAga prayatna ane AzcaryakAraka prayogo karI rahyA che.

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jainadarzana ane dravyAnuyoga dravya, samaya ane avakAza ekabIjA sAthe gADha rIte saMkaLAyelAM tevuM AinsTAinano sApekSavAda ApaNane cIMdhe che. Ama, padArtha ane tenA aNu-paramANunI mULa racanAnI samajamAMthI ja samaya ane avakAzanAM rahasyo samajI zakAze. aNu-paramANunI sUkSma duniyAmAM kvaoNnTama thiyarInuM paNa eTaluM ja mahattva che. 213 A badhI vAtamAM sahuthI pAyAno prazna e che ke jIvana eTale zuM ? sajIva eTale zuM ane nirjIva eTale zuM ? jaDa padArtha ane cetana vacce zuM taphAvata che ? mANasanuM mana ane cetanA te zuM che ? mana, aMtaHkaraNa athavA jene 'mAinDa' kahIe chIe tevuM kharekhara astitva dharAve che ke te kevaLa magajanA nyUrona koSonI ja mAyAjALa che ? AjanuM vijJAna ane tattvajJAna paNa A praznonA uttara meLavavA satata prayatna karI rahyuM che. tAjeta2mAM 'grAnDa DijhAina' nAmanA pustakamAM sTIphana hokiMga nAmano vaijJAnika kahe che ke brahmAMDanI racanA mATe 'Izvara' jevI koI 'bAhya zakti' ke ejansInI jarUra nathI. vizva kema ane kevI rIte utpanna thayuM te samajavA mATe 'Izvara' nAmanI 'parikalpanA'nI jarUra nathI. e to vijJAnanA niyamonI anivArya nIpaja che. te vijJAnanA niyamo pramANe svayaM-sarjita che. hakIkatamAM ghaNAkharA loko aNu-paramANunA viSayamAM ApaNA prAcIna vidvAnonA heratajanaka saMzodhana bAbate paNa ajANa che. briTananA rasAyaNazAstrI haoNna DAlTane 1803mAM aNunA baMdhAraNane lagatI sarvaprathama thiyarI racI sAyansanA kSetre khaLabhaLATa macAvyo tenAM hajAro varSa agAu bhAratIya tajJo aNunA mALakhAkIya svarUpane pAmI cUkelA e vAta prAcIna graMtho dvArA sAbita thAya che. eka sarakhAmaNI karI joIe. DAlTane potAnI atomic theory of mattermAM ema jaNAvyuM ke (1) dareka padArtha aNuno (vaikalpika gaNAtA zabda mujaba 52mANuno) banelo che. (2) aNunuM svataMtra astitva che temaja (3) aNunuM vibhAjana karavuM zakya nathI. have zrImad bhAgavatanA 3jA skaMdhanA 11mA adhyAyano pahelo zloka vAMco : carama sadvizeSANAmanekoDasaMyuktaH sadA / paramANuH sa vijJeyo nRNAmaikyAbhramo yataH // bhAvArtha : pRthvI vagereno je sUkSmatama aMza che ke jenuM vibhAjana karavuM zakya nathI tathA je kazuM kArya bajAvato nathI ane jeno anya paramANu joDe saMyoga paNa thayelo nathI tene paramANu kahe che. A jAtanA aneka paramANuo bhegA maLe tyAre manuSyane bhrAMtivaza temanA samudAyarUpI padArthanI pratIti thAya che. vaizeSika darzana ane prAcIna bhAratIya tarkazAstramAM paNa vizvanI utpatti mATe kAraNabhUta dravyonuM vizada varNana che. svAmI sahajAnaMde temanA 'vacanAmRta' graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che ke aNunI bhItaramAM ja aMtarikSa (mahad aMze khAlIpo) che, jene avakAza kahe che. I.sa. pUrve 600nA arasAmAM gujarAtanA prabhAsa pATaNa khAte janmelA maharSi kaNAde aNunA yAne paramANunA viziSTa guNadharmono je bArIka citAra Apyo tene to prasiddha yuropI tavArIkhakAra TI.ena. kolabrUke vijJAnajagatamAM ajoDa gaNAvyo. tenA zabdo che H 'Compared to the scientists of Europe, Kanad and other Indian scien

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niraMjanA zvetaketu vorA tists were the global masters in this field.' dasa adhyAyonA 'vaizeSika sUtra' nAmanA graMthamAM maharSi kaNAde aNuno (paramANuno) nIce mujabano paricaya Apyo : paramANu avinAzI temaja avibhAjya che, mATe paramANu karatAM nAnI cIjanuM astitva saMbhavita nathI. indriya-jJAna vaDe (dA.ta. sparzendriya vaDe) paramANune kadI pArakhI zakAya nahi. Ama chatAM samasta brahmAMDa paramANuonA samanvaya vaDe racAyuM che. ekaladokala paramANu kazuM sarjana karI zakato nathI. be paramANu maLIne . hrayaNuka, traNa maLIne RNuka ane cAra maLIne caturNaka thAya (kaho ke reNu/ molecule bane) tyAre ja padArtha racAya che. 214 A sarjanakriyAne kaNAde pIlupAka kriyA evuM nAma ApyuM. (saMskRtamAM pIttu te pIttavaH = yAne aNu) pRthvI/solid jala/liquid, vAyu/gas ane teja/light 52mANuo vaDe banyA hovAnuM kaNAde noMdhyuM. kharekhara to aNu vizenA saMzodhana bAbate ja nahi, balake vijJAnanA lagabhaga dareka kSetre prAcIna bhAratanA tajjJo vizvabharamAM agresara rahyA che. jainadarzanamAM dravyanA siddhAMtanuM mahattva : Adhunika vijJAnanA saMzodhananA saMdarbhamAM ja A dRSTie joIe to jainadarzanamAM dravyanA siddhAnta aMtargata aNuparamANunI vizada carcA che. sahasrAbdIo pahelAM jainadarzane vizvane A mahAna siddhAntano paricaya Apyo che e enuM anokhuM pradAna che. vizva paramezvaranuM sarjana hovAnI mAnyatAno jaina dharme paNa svIkAra karyo nathI. samagra vizva mukhyatve be prakAranAM dravya : jIva ane ajIvamAMthI sarjAyuM hovAnuM jainadarzana jaNAve che. A baMne dravya nitya, asRSTa, sahaastitva dharAvatA ane svataMtra che. vizvanAM bhinna bhinna svarUpo A dravyonA saMghaTanavighaTanane kAraNe jovA maLe che. jainadarzananA sRSTinA svarUpa vizenA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNano samucita paricaya A dravyAnuyoga dvArA ja maLe che. jainadarzananA ahiMsA, anekAnta, aparigraha jevA siddhAMtonI jema dravyAnuyoga paNa tenuM viziSTa pradAna che. zrImad tenAthI ghaNA prabhAvita thayA hatA. temaNe jaNAvyuM ke 'chae darzana eka jainadarzanamAM samAya che. zuddha caitanya anaMta Atmadravya kevalajJAna svarUpa zakti rUpe te jene saMpUrNa vyakta thayuM che tathA vyakta thavAno je puruSo mArga pAmyA che te parama nigraMtha mArga che ane vIrasvAmInuM bodheluM dravya, kSetra, kALa ane bhAvathI sarva svarUpa yathAtathya che. saMdarbha-sAhitya 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 'dravyasaMgraha', AcArya nemicaMdra siddhAntideva 'zrI paMcAstikAyasaMgraha' - zrImad kuMdakuMdAcArya 'zrImad rAjacaMdra parama samAdhi zatAbdI 'smRti graMtha' 'gujarAtI vizvakoza' : khaMDa - 9, prathama AvRtti 'saphArI', aMka 99 - oNgasTa 2012 'vividhA', lekhasaMgraha, lekhaka DaoN. niraMjanA vorA

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sAdharmika-vAtsalya zAstranI ane jJAnanI vAto bhale jJAnIjano kare, mAre to Aje tamArI sAthe mAruM thoDuM ajJAna vaheMcavuM che. jJAnIjanoe mokSanA mArgo batAvyA hoya te bhale sAcA ja haze, chatAM mane ema lAge che ke mokSa sudhI pahoMcavAno koI zorTakaTa jo hoya to e sAdharmika-vAtsalya (sAdharmika-bhakti) ja che. sAdharmika-vAtsalya eTale zuM ? ApaNA sukhamAM ApaNA sahadharmI svajanano adhikAra che evI samaja sahita ene sukha pahoMcADavuM e sAdharmika-vAtsalya che. jIvadayAne jaina dharmanI kuLadevI kahevAmAM Ave che, to sAdharmikavAtsalya e jaina dharmano paryAya che. ekalA-ekalA sukha bhogavavuM enA jevuM bIjuM koI pApa nathI ane potAnA sukhamAM bIjAne sahabhAgI karavA jevuM koI puNya nathI. - sAdharmika-vAtsalya kaI rIte mokSa-maMjilano zaoNrTakaTa gaNAya ? tarata gaLe Utare evI saraLa vAta sAMbhaLo. bIjAne sukha ApavuM e pUNyakArya che. ane paya to mokSano sIdho mArga che. sIdho mArga ja sauthI TUMko mArga hoya che evuM gaNitazAstrIo kahe che. be biMduone joDatI sIdhI rekhA sauthI TUMkI hoya che evuM ApaNe jiomeTrImAM bhaNyA hatA. ApaNe jarAya vAMkAcUkA gayA vagara eTale ke vrata-tapa, kriyAkAMDa vagerenI galIomAM bhaTakyA vagara ApaNA sahadharmIne DAyarekTa sukha pahoMcADIe to e sIdho TUMko mArga ja thayo ne ! bIjI vAta e che ke sahadharmIne sukha vaheMcavAthI, tene ApaNA sukhamAM sahabhAgI karavAthI ApaNI bhautika Asakti tUTe che. ApaNA bhItaranA moha ane rAga-dveSa ogaLe che. je kAma karavAthI ApaNI bhautika Asaktio kharI paDatI hoya tathA moha ane rAga-dveSa rohita zAha

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rohita zAha ApaNA zaraNe AvI jatA hoya, e kAma ApaNane mokSanI najIka jhaDapathI laI jAya emAM zaMkA kharI? 216 tulasIdAsajIe dharma ane pApanI je vyAkhyA ApI che emAMthI paNa sAdharmika-vAtsalyanuM maMda maMda madhuruM saMgIta saMbhaLAya che : dayA dharma kA mUla he, pApa mUla abhimAna. mokSano zaoNrTakaTa : dharmanuM mULa dayA che - karuNA che, kiMtu pApanuM mULa to abhimAna che. sahadharmI svajanone ApaNA sukhamAM sahabhAgI banAvatI vakhate ApaNe manamAM jo ahaMkAra lAvIe to pApa rokaDuM ja che. zaoNrTakaTa jeTalo lAbhakArI hoya che eTalo ja haMmezAM jokhamI paNa hoya che. e mArge paLepaLe sAvadha rahevuM . paDe. saheja gAphela rahyA to ahaMkAra ApaNI upara savAra thaI ja jaze. ahamne jAgRtipUrvaka sakhaNo rAkhavo ane sahadharmI svajanane lAgaNIpUrvaka sukha vaheMcavuM A baMne samAMtare cAlavAM joIe. ahaMkAra aMdhakAra che ane aMdhakAra ApaNane mArga bhulAve che. sAdharmika-vAtsalya mATe jaina dharmamAM be zabdo bIjA paNa maLe che H eka che svAmIvAtsalya ane bIjo che svAmIbhakti. emAM svAmI zabda para vizeSa bhAra mukAyo che. potAnA sahadharmIne svAmI tarIke oLakhavAnI vicakSaNatA jaina dharma sivAya bIjA koI dharmamAM joI che kharI ? sAdharmika eTale ke sahadharmI vyaktine svAmInI kakSAe mUkIe eTale ApaNI jAtane ahaMkArathI bacavAnuM surakSAkavaca lAgI jAya. kAraNa ke ahaMkAra to tyAre pajave che, jyAre ApaNe potAnI jAtane UMcA - mahAna samajatA hoIe. ahIM to sahadharmIne svAmI samajavAno che ane ApaNe vinamrabhAve enA sevaka banavAnuM che. sevaka hovAno bhAva manamAM sthira thaI gayA pachI ahaMkAra tyAM paga paNa mUkI zake e vAtamAM mAla nathI. tyAgano sAco marma : tyAganI vAta paNa hakIkatamAM to bIjAone sukha vaheMcavAnI ja che ne ! ApaNe jyAM sudhI ApaNAM sukho tyAgIzuM nahi, tyAM sudhI e sukho bIjAo sudhI pahoMcaze kaI rIte ? dhAro ke, huM basamAM pravAsa karI rahyo chuM. mane besavA mATe sarasa jagA maLI gaI che, paraMtu mArA sahapravAsIomAM keTalAkane jagA nathI maLI. jemane jagA nathI maLI emAM keTalAka taMdurasta taruNo che, keTalAka prauDho che ane keTalIka mahilAo paNa che. paraMtu e badhAMmAM eka vyakti apaMga che. e apaMga vyaktine basanI bhIDamAM haDaselA khAtI joIne mane karuNA-dayA jAge che ane huM ene vinamrabhAve mArI sITa para besavAno Adara-Agraha batAvuM chuM. e vakhate mAre mArI sITano tyAga karavo ja paDe ane to ja huM e apaMga vyaktine sukha-sagavaDa ApI zakuM. bIjAne sukha ApavA mATe karelo tyAga ja sAco tyAga che. tyAgano artha mAtra choDI devuM ke pheMkI devuM evo sImita nathI. sAco tyAga eTale saMpUrNa

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sAdharmika vAtsalya 217 svecchAe ane saMpUrNa samajapUrvaka ApaNI pAse rahelI cIjanuM evA niSkAmabhAve visarjana karavuM, ke jethI e cIjano jarUriyAtavALI vyakti sudhI vadhumAM vadhu lAbha pahoMce. puSpo kadI potAnI sugaMdhane pheMkI detAM nathI. e enuM visarjana kare che. sUraja enAM kiraNone tyAgI nathI deto, e to enuM kevaLa visarjana karato rahe che. tyAga karavAthI tyAgano ahaMkAra pragaTI zake che. visarjana to mAtra ane mAtra AnaMda ja pragaTAve che. sugaMdhanuM visarjana karyA pachI phUlane tame kadI viSAdamaya thatuM joyuM che kharuM ? sarjana karavuM e AvaData che, visarjana karavuM e siddhi che. basamAM pravAsa karatI vakhate mAro sahapravAsI e mAro sahadharmI che, mAro sAdharmika che. kAraNa ke ame eka ja dizAmAM sAthe pravAsa karI rahyA chIe. jIvanayAtrAmAM mAro sahadharmI koNa gaNAya ? huM janmathI jaina hovAthI pRthvI paranI anya je vyakti janmathI jaina hoya ane jene tIrthaMkara paramAtmAe batAvelA mArga para avicaLa zraddhA hoya te tamAma vyaktio mArI sahadharma gaNAya. tIrthaMkara paramAtmAe batAvelo mArga eTale sAdharmika-vAtsalyano mArga. jo mArA sahadharma mATe huM mArI sITa choDavA taiyAra na thAuM to meM mArA tIrthaMkara prabhunI AjJAnuM ullaMghana karyuM kahevAya. tyAga nahi, visarjana : bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvasva tyAgIne, zarIra para eka ja vastra sAthe tapasyA karavA nIkaLI paDe che. e vakhate emane eka yAcaka maLe che. mahAvIra ene potAnA aMtima eka vastramAMthI aDadhuM vastra phADI Ape che (e che sAdharmika-vAtsalya) ane pachI AgaLa jatAM bAkInuM aDadhuM vastra koI kAMTALI vADa ke DALakhImAM bharAI jAya che tyAre pahelAM to kAMTAmAMthI potAnuM vastra choDAvavA bhagavAna mahAvIra potAno hAtha laMbAve che, paraMtu tyAM ja emanI bhItaramAMthI jhabakAro thAya che : "re, jIva ! ATaluM badhuM choDyA pachI eka cIMtharuM tArAthI nA chUTuM ? jyAM sudhI manamAM vaLagaNa haze tyAM sudhI vairAgya jAmaze nahIM, Asakti haze tyAM sudhI ArAdhanA bhaTakatI raheze, moha raheze tyAM sudhI mokSa cheTo ja raheze. have A deha para vastra hoya toya zuM ane na hoya toya zuM !' - evA jhabakArA pachI mahAvIra digaMbara svarUpe araNyanI vATe saMcaryA. emaNe emanAM vastro kADhIne pheMkI dIdhAM nahotAM ke nagna rahevAnA irAdAthIye tyAgyAM nahotAM, e to basa, zuddha anAsaktibhAve chUTI gayAM hatAM. kyAreka bAhya rIte choDyA pachIya vastu chUTI nathI hotI. UlaTAnI e vastu pratyenI Asakti prabaLa banI gaI hoya che. eTale samajaNapUrvaka visarjana karavuM mahattvanuM che. sAdharmika-vAtsalya e samajaNapUrvakanuM visarjana che. dharmane saMpradAyathI na abhaDAvIe : dharmanI vyAkhyAne saMpradAya pUratI sAMkaDI rAkhavAmAM Ave to emAM dharmanuM apamAna che. sAMpradAyika dharmathI kazuM kalyANa thatuM nathI. dharma e koI saMpradAya nathI. dharmane vyApaka arthamAM svIkArIe to ja eno marma mANI zakAya. dharma eTale kartavya. jaina dharmamAM sAdharmika-vAtsalyane eka kartavya rUpe svIkAravAmAM AvyuM che. paryuSaNa parvanA divaso mATenAM je pAMca kartavyo zAstromAM varNavelAM che, emAM sAdharmika-vAtsalya (sAdharmika-bhakti) paNa che. dharmane sAMpradAyika vaLagaNothI mukta rAkhIe

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218 rohita zAha to AdhyAtmika dharmanI sAthosAtha sAMsArika ane sAmAjika dharmanI suvAsa paNa ApaNA sudhI pahoMcaze. jo mArI jAtane jaina samajato houM to pratyeka jaina vyakti mArA mATe sAdharmika gaNAya. jo huM mArI jAtane zikSaka tarIke oLakhAve to dareka zikSaka mAro sAdharmika banI jAya. jo huM mArI jAtane DaoNkTara tarIke oLakhAvato houM to pratyeka DaoNkTara mArA mATe sAdharmika banI jAya. A samIkaraNano vistAra thato rahe che. dharmanuM kArya Akhare to mUlyono vistAra karavAnuM ja che ne ! have jo huM mArI jAtane mANasa tarIke oLakhAvavA mAgato houM to pratyeka mANasa mAro sAdharmika bane che. ethIye AgaLa vadhIne jo huM mArI jAtane jIva ke AtmA tarIke oLakhAvato houM to pratyeka jIva ane pratyeka AtmA mArA mATe sAdharmika ja gaNAya. joyuM ne ! samajaNanI udAratA ApaNane kevI vizALatA sAthe joDI Ape che ! . huM mAnuM chuM ke Isu khrista pADozIne prema karavAnuM kahyuM che emAM paNa sAdharmika bhaktino ja maMgala pratighoSa che. eka pADozI ApaNA gharanI pAse rahe che te che. bIjo pADozI ApaNI sosAyaTI ke mahollAnI bAjumAM bIjI sosAyaTImAM ke mahollAmAM rahe che e che. trIjo pADozI ApaNo gAmapADozI che, cotho pADozI ApaNo rAjya-pADozI che, pAMcamo pADozI ApaNo deza-pADozI che. A rIte pratyeka vyakti koI ne koI rIte ApaNI pADozI bane che ane tethI pratyeka mANasa ApaNo prema pAmavAno hakadAra bane che. sAdharmika-vAtsalyanA mULamAM traNa bAbato che : sAdharmika-saMvedanA, sAdharmika-samajaNa ane sAdharmika-sadbhAva. saMvedanA jAge eTale samajaNa khIle, samajaNa khIle eTale sadbhAvanAnuM AbhAmaMDaLa racAya. AvI puNya ghaTanAne dharma kahevAya. jyAM dharma che, tyAM kartavya che. kartavyathI dUra laI jAya evo dharma ApaNane zA kAmano ? e mArga nathI, maMjila che ! bahu daDhapaNe mAnuM chuM ke mokSa tarapha laI janArA mArgane dharma na kahevAya. tame jyAM UbhA ho tyAM ja svarga khaDuM karavAnI tAkAtane dharma kahevAya. mArga to bhaTakAvanAro paNa hoI zake. koI khoTo bhomiyo (guru) bhaTakAI jAya to dharmanA nAme koIka bhaLatI cIja ApaNane pakaDAvI deze. ApaNane enI pakaDamAM - prabhAvamAM laI leze. pachI ApaNe khudanI AMkho baMdha karI daIne enI AMkhe ja jotA thaI jaIzuM. Ama thAya eTale nijAnaMda khoravAya. mokSa to na ja maLe, UlaTAnI ApaNI sahaja moja paNa jAya. evA mArgane dharma mAnavo e mUrkhAmI che. sAco dharma sAmarthyamAM che, tAkAtamAM che. pote ja guru ane pote ja ziSya. appo dIvo bhava - tAro dIvo tuM ja thA ! svayaMnA prakAzamAM cAlanAro AdamI kadI gumarAha thato nathI. lAiphamAM AMkha ane pAMkha uchInAM na cAle. AMkha eTale dRSTi - jJAna ane pAMkha eTale kartavya

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sAdharmika vAtsalya 219 - puruSArtha. bhojanano svAda mANavo hoya to jAte ja koLiyo cAvavAno puruSArtha karavo paDe. potAnI AMkhe jovAnuM ane potAnI pAMkhe UDavAnuM. emAM javAbadArI hovAne kAraNe e kadAca agharuM kAma che, paNa azakya to nathI ja. namAlAo ane nakAmA loko sAdharmika saMvedanA sudhI na pahoMcI zake; paNa samartha, sujJa ane sajjano mATe sAdharmika saMvedanA sahaja upalabdhi banI jatI hoya che. tame jyAre koI eka sAdharmika vyaktine nokarI apAvo cho tyAre enA samagra parivArane rAhata maLe che. jenI pAse nokarI nathI e vyakti mATe to nokarI e ja eno mokSa ! bhUkhyA mANasa mATe bhojana e ja mokSa gaNAya. jijJAsu mATe jJAna mokSa che. ApaNe ApaNuM managamatuM mokSa khoLI levuM hoya to koNa nA pADe che ? tame koI eka garIba parivAranA vidyArthIne bhaNavA mATenI bharapUra sagavaDa-anukULatAo karI Apo cho tyAre enA ekalAnA ja mArgamAM nahIM, paNa enA pUrA phemilInA mArgamAM ajavALuM pAtharo cho. ajavALAne phUTapaTTIthI kAMI thoDuM mApavAnuM hoya ? ajavALAnuM to hovuM ja pUratuM che. ApaNe zvAsa keTalA lIdhA enAM palAkhA nathI mAMgatA...basa, zvAsa cAlato rahevo joIe... bIjAne zvAsa levAnI anukULatA karI ApavI e dharma che. pharaka to paDaze ja ! ghaNA loko evI dalIla kare che ke saMsAramAM aneka loko duHkhI ane pIDita che. emAMthI tame be-pAMca jaNane madada karo ethI zo pharaka paDaze ? Avo savAla karanArA loko mATe eka sarasa dRSTAMta che. eka pitA-putra dariyAkinAre pharavA gayA hatA. dariyAmAM bharatI UmaTelI hatI. enAM mojAM jorajorathI UchaLIne kinArAne ovaraTeika karavA mathAmaNa karatAM hatAM. dareka mojA sAthe paMdara-vIsa mAchalIo kinAre pheMkAI AvatI hatI. mojAnuM pANI to tarata pAchuM vaLI jatuM, paNa kinAre rahI paDelI mAchalIo taraphaDI-taraphaDIne mRtyu pAmatI hatI. pitAe e joIne potAno sadbhAva-udyama zarU karyo. mojAnuM pANI pAchuM vaLI jAya eTale kinAre rahI gayelI-taraphaDI rahelI mAchalIomAMthI ekAda-be mAchalIone UMcakIne emane dariyAmAM nAkhavA mAMDI. thoDo samaya ema cAlyuM. e udyama joI rahelA putre pitAne pUchayuM : pappA, hajAro mAchalIo Ama kinAre AvIne taraphaDIne mRtyu pAmI rahI che, tyAre tame ekAda-be mAchalIono bacAva karo cho. AvuM karavAthI vaLI zo pharaka paDaze ?" pitA bolyA, "beTA, mArA A udyamathI bhale pelI hajAro mAchalIone koI pharaka na paDe, kiMtu je ekAda-be mAchalIo jIvI gaI emane to pharaka paDaze ja ne !" sAdharmika saMvedanA Avo udyama che. e dvArA samagra saMsArane sukhI karI nAkhavAno dAvo nathI, paNa ekAda-be vyaktione hUMpha ApIne mAnavatAnA dIvaDAne prajvalita rAkhavAnI mathAmaNa karavAnI che. ApaNI pAse be roTalA hoya ane ApaNane eka ja roTalAnI bhUkha hoya to ema samajavuM ke bAkInA eka roTalA para bIjA eka bhUkhyA mANasano adhikAra che. eno adhikAra chInavI levo e pApa che ane eno adhikAra ene Apavo e ApaNuM kartavya che.

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220 rohita zAha kasoTImAMthI pAra UtarIe : ApaNane ApaNI jarUriyAta karatAM je kaMI vadhArAnuM sukha maLyuM hoya te ApaNI kasoTI karavA mATe maLeluM che ema samajavuM joIe. ApaNe vadhArAnA sukhano saMgraha ja karatA rahIe to ApaNe parigrahanuM pApa AcaryuM kahevAya ane jo e vadhArAnA sukhanuM visarjana karatA rahIe to e puNyakArya gaNAya. ApaNane chalochala sukha maLI gayA pachIye vadhArAnA sukha mATe ApaNe ApaNA sahadharmI ta2pha jovAnI darakAra karIe chIe ke nahIM enI parIkSA paramAtmA kare che. jo ApaNe sahadharmI tarapha naja2 na karIe to paramAtmA paNa zA mATe ApaNI sAme jue ? rAha thoDI jovAnI hoya ? sAdharmika vyaktine madadanI jarU2 che evI khabara paDyA pachI e ApaNI pAse madada mAgavA che Ave tyAM sudhI rAha jovAnI jarU2 kharI ? jo eNe madada mAgavI paDe to ApaNo sAdharmika dharma lajavAyo kahevAya. sAdharmika svajana sahAya mATe hAtha laMbAve e pahelAM enA hAthamAM khAnagI rIte sahAya pahoMcADI daIe emAM ApaNI khAnadAnI che. yAda rahe, sAdharmika sahAya ka2vI e kAMI bhIkha ApavA jevuM kAma nathI. sahAya lenAra bhikhArI nathI, sAdharmika svajana che ane ApaNeya kAMI dAtA nathI... mAtra sAdharmika ja chIe. baMne sAdharmika hoya tyAM koNa bhikhArI ane koNa dAtA ? sAmenI vyaktine sahAya letAM zarama na Upaje ane ApaNane sahAya ApatAM garva na Upaje to samajavuM ke ApaNe tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnA mArge sAcI dizAmAM chIe. mAtra rUpiyA-paisAnI madada nahIM : sAdharmika saMvedanA mAtra rUpiyA-paisA ApavA pUratI sImita na hoI zake. kharekhara to ene potAnA dharma pratye ane sAdharmika vyakti pratye Adara-sanmAna jAge e rIte enI sAthe snehasahAnubhUtibharyo vyavahAra karavo e sAdharmika-saMvedanA che. Arthika sahAya to enuM mAtra pratIka che. vaLI sahAya lenAra sAdharmika svajana parmenanTa lAcAra ke oziyALo paNa na thavo joIe. jo ene vAraMvAra sahAya letA rahevI paDe athavA to ene vAraMvAra sahAya levAnI dAnata thatI rahe to e sadAne mATe parAvalaMbI banI jaze. koI vyaktine parAvalaMbI banAvI devI e eka rIte sUkSma hiMsA ja gaNAya. sAdharmika vyaktinuM oziyALApaNuM kAyamI rIte TaLI jAya e mATe ene parmenanTa AjIvikAnuM sAdhana ApI zakAya. te lAipha-TAima svamAnathI ane svAvalaMbIpaNAthI potAnA parivArano nirvAha karI zake evI vyavasthA ka2vI joIe. ene parizramanuM mahattva samajAya ane enI dAnata puruSArthI banavAnI thAya evo prayatna karavo e ja sAcI sAdharmika-saMvedanA che. sAdharmika sahAyanI anokhI rIta : ahIM mAre eka udAharaNa kahevuM che. sAMbhaLo : amadAvAdamAM sadvicAra parivAra saMsthA cAle che. eka vakhata e samayanA saMsthAnA sUtradhAra haribhAI paMcAla sAthe huM agatyanI miTiMgamAM beThelo hato, tyAre eka bahena AvyAM. emaNe AjIjI karatAM kahyuM, 'mAro pati eka milamAM nokarI karato hato. eka eksiDanTamAM e apaMga thaI gayo che.

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sAdharmika vAtsalya 221 have te nokarI karavA jaI zake ema nathI. jo tame tamArI saMsthA dvArA mane anAja-kariyANAnI thoDI madada karo to amArA parivArane rAhata maLe.' haribhAIe bahenane pUchyuM, 'tamane keTalI sahAyanI jarUra che ?' bahena kahe, 'pAMca-dasa kilo anAja ane thoDuM kariyANuM apAvo to ghaNuM che.' tarata haribhAIe pUchyuM, 'eTaluM anAja ane kariyANuM khatama thaI jaze pachI zuM karazo ?' e bahena kazo javAba na ApI zakyAM. kadAca emano javAba e ja hato ke e vakhate pharIthI kyAMkathI sahAya meLavavA koziza karIzuM. emano mauna javAba sAMbhaLIne haribhAIe kahyuM, 'ame tamane tame iccho cho evI madada to nahIM karIe, paNa tame iccho to tamAre kadI pharIthI madada mAgavA kyAMya javuM ja na paDe evI madada karIe.' bahena mUMjhavaNabharI najare haribhAI sAme tAkI rahyAM. haribhAIe kahyuM, 'bahena, huM atyAre tamane be maNa baTAkA ane vephara banAvavAnAM be mazIna ApuM chuM. tamAre e baTAkAnI vephara banAvIne huM eDresa ApuM e namakInavALAnI dukAne pahoMcADI devAnI. tamane enA paisA e dukAnavALo ApI deze. pachI pharIthI pAchA be maNa baTAkA tamane ApIzuM. tamAre pharIthI vephara banAvIne pahoMcADavAnI. tamane A rIte niyamita paisA maLaze. vaLI, tame jeTalI vadhAre mahenata karazo eTalA vadhAre paisA tamane maLatA raheze.' bahene hA pADI ane e mujabanI badhI vyavasthA thaI gaI. majAnI vAta to have Ave che. A ghaTanAne cha mahinA mAMDa thayA tyAM e bahena pharIthI sadvicAra parivAranI oNphise haribhAIne maLavA AvyAM. A vakhate emanI AMkhomAM lAcArI ke AjIjI nahotI. emaNe gauravathI haribhAInI sAme vephara banAvavAnAM dasa mazIna mUkyAM ane kahyuM, 'sAheba, bhaviSyamAM tamArI pAse * mArI jema koI vyakti madada mAgavA Ave to ene paNa tame mane ApI hatI tevI ja madada karajo. tame ApelAM vephara banAvavAnAM mazInathI amane kAyamI rojagArI maLI gaI che. mAro pati pagethI apaMga che, paNa hAtha vaDe vephara to banAvI zake che. ene have paravazatAno abhizApa DaMkhato nathI. eTaluM ja nahIM, amAro samagra parivAra emAM joDAI gayo che. Aje huM koI madada mAgavA nathI AvI, paraMtu sAmethI vephara banAvavAnAM A mazIna bheTa ApavA AvI chuM. A mazIno tame amArA jevA anya lAcAra parivArane ApI zakazo.' mArI ane hirabhAInI AMkho chalakAI gaI. sAcI sahAya kevuM rUDuM kAma karI zake che ! eka oziyALI vyakti anya anekane mATe sahAyarUpa banI zake e vAta svayaM eka camatkAra ja nathI zuM ? sAdharmika saMvedanAnI gaMgA ApaNe A rIte vahAvavAnI che.

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videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato arvAcIna samayamAM lAibrerInuM vizeSa mahattva che. tevuM ja vizeSa mahattva pUrvakAlIna samayamAM hastaprata-graMthabhaMDAronuM hatuM. Aje vipula - mAtrAmAM vividha sAhitya prakAzita thAya che ane tene vividha graMthAlayolAibrerImAM saMgrahavAmAM Ave che, jeno suzikSita varga suMdara upayoga kare che. AvI ja rIte prAcIna samayamAM paNa hastaprato nipuNa lahiyAo pAse lakhAvIne vividha hastaprata-graMthabhaMDAromAM suvyavasthita rIte bheTa rUpe mokalavAmAM AvatI ane supere saMgrahita karavAmAM AvatI. jene lIdhe Aje ATalI vipula saMkhyAmAM graMthabhaMDAro ane lAkhonI saMkhyAmAM hastaprato maLI Ave che. * bhAratanI mukhya traNa dhArmika paraMparA vaidika, bauddha ane jainamAM AvA graMthabhaMDAro astitvamAM che. prAcIna samayamAM hastaprato lakhAvavI ane vividha graMthabhaMDAromAM bheTa svarUpe ApavI te jJAnopArjana - puNyaprAptinuM kArya manAtuM AthI zreSThIo ane AcAryo A kAryanI anumodanA karatA jenI phalazrutirUpa Aje lAkhonI saMkhyAmAM hastaprato upalabdha che. jaina paraMparAmAM caturvidha saMghanI adbhuta saMghaTita vyavasthApaddhatine kAraNe AvA hastaprata-graMthabhaMDAro anya be paraMparAnI sarakhAmaNIe vizeSa sughaTita rIte jaLavAyelA che. AthI hAla je hastaprata-graMthabhaMDAro ApaNane prApta thAya che temAM mahadaMze jaina jJAnabhaMDAro ane jaina hastaprato che. jaina hastaprato videzomAM paNa supere saMgrahita vidyamAna che. Aje ahIM ApaNe videzomAM jaLavAyelA jaina hastaprata-graMthabhaMDAro vize vAta karIzuM. sAmAnyataH prathama to eka ja prazna manamAM udabhave ke ApaNI kalpanAbahena zeTha

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videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato 223 jaina hastaprato tyAM paradeza kevI rIte pahoMcI gaI ? e ja kSaNe manamAM jhabakAro thAya ke zuM e paradezIo corI karI gayA haze ? ame paNa e ja bhramaNAmAM hatA, paraMtu vAstavikatA kaMIka judI ja che. briTiza zAsanakALa daramiyAna teonI suvyavasthita rAjyakalA, saMskRti, jIvanazailI ane zikSaNapaddhatithI bhAratIya prajA prabhAvita thaI hatI. jene kAraNe bhAratIya zikSaNa paddhatimAM ghaNA pheraphAro thayA. bhAratamAM saMzodhanakSetre navI dizAo khUlatI gaI jemAMnI eka che hastapratavidyA. yuropiyana vidvAnono emAM ghaNo noMdhapAtra phALo che. yuropiyana vidvAno jevA ke DaoN. viliyama jonsa (1749-1794), DaoN. oNTovona boithaliMga (1815-1904), DaoN. meDyUlara (18231900), DaoN. ricArDa pIzala (1949-1908), DaoN. harmana yAkobI (1850-1935), DaoN. vilhema jIgara (1856-1943), DaoN. morisa viMTarani- (1863-1937), DaoN. zubiMga volTara (1881-1969), DaoN. AlsaphorDa (1904-1978) ityAdi saMzodhakoe bhAratIya vividha prAdezika bhASAmAM prAvINya prApta karyuM ane vividha kSetre saMzodhanakArya karyuM. sauprathama DaoN. harmana yAkobIe I. sa. 1850mAM jainAgama kalpasUtranuM hastapratone AdhAre saMzodhana-saMpAdana karyuM. tyArathI mAMDIne Aja sudhI e dizAmAM saMzodhana, saMpAdana ane prakAzanakArya aviratapaNe cAlu ja che. eno badho ja yaza mukhyatve yuropiyana saMzodhakone ja jAya che. A uparAMta teo pAsethI hastapratasaMgraha ane surakSAviSayaka paNa ghaNI navIna paddhatio ApaNe apanAvI che. jenA thakI ApaNo A amUlya vAraso Aje paNa surakSita saMgrahAyelo upalabdha che ane saMzodhana, prakAzananuM kArya avirata cAlyA ja kare che. - sva. pU. AcArya zrI jaMbUvijayajI ma.sA.e briTiza lAibrerI ane vikToriyA myujhiyama laMDanamAM jaLavAyelI jaina hastapratonA varNanAtmaka sUcipatranI prastAvanAmAM jaNAvyuM che ke, "In this day and age, even in India, the work of researching and cataloguing manuscripts is extremely 'difficult and rarely undertaken. It is therefore all the more to be appreciated that such arduous work is undertaken in foreign countries." A parathI pratIta thaI zake ke paradezIo ane khAsa karIne yuropiyanono hastapratavidyAmAM amUlya phALo che. jainonA ati pavitra ane amUlya AgamagraMtha kalpasUtra'nI sauprathama susaMzodhita AvRtti e jarmana vidvAna DaoN. harmana je kobIe jainajagatane arpelI amUlya bheTa che. e loko pAsethI ja ApaNe saMzodhana-saMpAdananI vidyA prApta karI che ane e mATe ApaNe sadA emanA RNI rahIzuM. videzamAM mAtra yuropa ja nahIM, paraMtu ghaNA sthaLe jaina hastaprata-graMthabhaMDAro suvyavasthita saMgrahAyelA maLI Ave che. briTiza lAibrerI - laMDana, briTiza myujhiyama, vI. enDa e. myujhiyama, dha velakama TrasTa, royala eziyATika sosAyaTI - laMDana, oNksapharDa yunivarsiTI, kembrija yunivarsiTI, sTrAsabarga yunivarsiTI, paeNrisa yunivarsiTI, phlorensa yunivarsiTI, biblithika lAibrerI oNpha phloreMsa, roma yunivarsiTI, barlina, raziyA, yunAiTeDa sTeTa oNpha amerikA, bosTana, vaoNziMgTana, nepALa, zrIlaMkA, barmA, karAMcI, cAinA, dubaI, siMgApora, maleziyA vagere vagere. sAmAnyataH

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kalpanAbahena zeTha videzamAMthI prApta hastaprato ghaNI UMcI guNavattAyukta hoya che. kAraNa ke emAMnI ghaNI vidvAnoe pote kharIdI karelI hoya che ane e hastapratono paradezI saMzodhakoe potAnA saMzodhanakArya mATe upayoga karyo hoya che. vaLI teonI saMgraha karavAnI ane jALavaNInI paddhati paNa ucca prakAranI Adhunika takanIkayukta hoya che. 224 AgaLa vAta karI ke ApaNI bhAratIya hastaprato videzomAM kevI rIte pahoMcI haze te eka sAzcarya vicAraNIya muddo che. to have ApaNe ahIMyAM videzamAM bhAratIya hastaprato kaI rIte gaI te vize vAta karIzuM. sAmAnyataH ApaNAmAM eka evI mAnyatA pracalita che ke videzIo ApaNo A sAMskRtika vAraso corI athavA anyAyI mArge laI gayA haze, paraMtu vAstavamAM evuM nathI. ahIMyAM thoDI nakkara hakIkato 2jU ka2vAthI ApaNI A geramAnyatA dUra thaze. (1) videzI saMzodhako : mukhyatve yuropiyano ApaNA sAMskRtika vArasAthI prabhAvita thayA hatA. teoe ghaNI prAdezika bhASAono abhyAsa karyo ane saMzodhanakArya ka2vA lAgyA. A kArya teo bhArata ane potAnA dezamAM jaIne paNa karI zakyA hota. teo potAnA saMzodhanakArya mATe bhAratamAMthI vipula pramANamAM hastaprato tyAM laI jatA. A badhI hastaprato temanA saMgraha rUpe maLI Ave che. e badhI teoe koI saMsthA ke lAibrerImAM bheTa rUpe ApI. udAharaNa rUpe harmana jekobIe potAno saMgraha briTiza lAibrerI - laMDanane bheTa rUpe Apyo che. je jekobI saMgraha tarIke tyAM briTiza lAibrerI, laMDanamAM saMgrahAyelo - sacavAyelo maLI Ave che. iTAliyana vidvAna gubaraneTIsa paNa bhAratIya saMskRti, kaLA ane prAdezika bhASAmAM rasa dharAvatA ane teoe paNa A dizAmAM suMdara kheDANa karyuM che. teono potIko hastaprata-saMgraha Aje phlorensanI lAibrerImAM vidyamAna che jemAM aMdAjita 375 jeTalI jaina hastaprato che. (2) kharIdI : e samayamAM paNa hastapratonI kharIdI ane vecANapaddhati vidyamAna hatI. paradezI vidvAno bhAratanA ejanTo pAsethI hastapratonI kharIdI karatA. e rekorDa Aje paNa tyAMnI je te saMsthAmAM tarIkha, kiMmata ane bIjI anya mAhitI sAthe upalabdha che. udA. sUrata zaheranA bhagavAnadAsa kevaladAsa nAmanA ejanTe duniyAnA ghaNA dezomAM hastaprato pahoMcADyAnA ullekha maLI Ave che. keTalAka sarve ane rekorDa parathI mAhitI prApta thAya che ke jaina AgamonI saMpUrNa zreNI vividha dezonA saMgrahAlayomAM vaheMcAyelI-vIkharAyelI maLI Ave che. udAharaNarUpa vi. saM. 1694mAM 'jayakaraNa' nAmanA jaina zrAvake pUrA 45 AgamonI hastaprato taiyAra karAvela. emAMnI be yuropanI 'kembrija yunivarsiTI'mAM, eka 'paeNrisa yunivarsiTI'mAM ane eka amadAvAda - Ama vividha sthaLethI maLI Ave che. A uparAMta vi. saM. 1721mAM 'pAsAvIrA' nAmanA zrAvake lakhAvela AgamazreNInI pratio amuka barlina, lipajhiga, amadAvAda jevAM vividha sthaLethI maLI Ave che. mAnI zakAya ke A badhI ja pratio ejanTa bhagavAnadAsa kevaladAsa pAse hoya ane vividha dezanA vidvAnoe temanI pAsethI kharIdI karI hoya AthI te vividha dezomAM vIkharAI gaI hoya.

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videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato 25 (3) jaina sAdhuo-AcAryo : jaina sAdhuo-AcAryo videzI vidvAnonA saMparkamAM AvatA ane teonA saMzodhanakAryamAM teone sahAya karatA. baMne pakSe vidyArasika hoI paraspara sneha-lAgaNInA saMbaMdho baMdhAtA ane jaina sAdhuo paradezI vidvAnone hastapratasaMgraho bheTa rUpe ApatA. udAharaNarUpa briTiza lAibrerI - laMDanamAM jaina sAdhu jambavijayajI saMgraha' tarIke bakSisarUpa prApta thayelo 197 hastapratono saMgraha Aje paNa upalabdha che. jemAM madhyakAlIna samayanI prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI bhASAnI uttama koTinI hastaprato saMgrahAyelI maLI Ave che. temAM keTalIka suMdara sacitrAtmaka paNa che. dA.ta. DholAmAru copAI, bhaktAmara stotra, AdityavAra kathA vagere. (4) keTalAka briTiza amaladAro bhAratamAM nokarI karatA. teo potAnA nivAsakALa daramiyAna jaino ane jaina dharmanA saMsargamAM AvatA. temAMnA keTalAkane hastaprato saMgraha karavAno zokha hato. AMthI teo hastapratonI kharIdI karatA ane potAnI sAthe potAnA dezamAM laI jatA. pachI teo A saMgraha koI saMsthA ke lAibrerIne bheTa rUpe ApI detA. udAharaNa rUpe - thomasa harnI kolambuka I. sa. 1728mAM IsTa inDiyA kaMpanI - kolakAtAmAM nokarI karatA. teo pote kavi hatA. temaNe 2749 hastapratono saMgraha karyo ane pachIthI e IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIne bheTa rUpe ApI dIdho, je hAla briTiza lAibrerI - laMDanamAM kolabuka saMgraha tarIke sacavAyelo che. (5) videzIone bhAratIya Ayurveda vijJAnamAM khUba rasa ane zraddhA hatAM. teo tabIbI vijJAna zAkhAmAM saMzodhana karavAnA hetuthI bhAratamAMthI AyurvedazAstranI hastapratonI kharIdI karatA paraMtu kharIdI karanAra vyaktine bhAratIya bhASAnuM jJAna na hovAthI teo thokabaMdha hastapratonI kharIdI karatA. AthI vipula saMkhyAmAM bhAratIya hastaprato videzomAM vidyamAna che. udAharaNarUpa laMDananI "dha velakama TrasTa - e hisTarI opha meDikala sAyansa" saMsthAmAM bhAratIya bhASAnI aMdAjita 13,000 hastaprato che jemAMthI 6,000 jeTalI saMskRta, prAkRta, jUnI gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI che jemAMthI 2,000 jeTalI jaina hastaprato che. videzI saMsthAo, lAibrerIo hajI paNa bhAratIya hastaprato, mUrtio vagere vividha ejanTo, vikretAo ke jAhera lilAma dvArA kharIdI karatA ja rahe che. Ama uparokta ane anya mArge bhAratIya hastaprato, mUrtio, kalAkRtio vagere paradezamAM saMgrahAyeluM maLI Ave che. 19mI sadImAM zrI suhAsabhAI bizvAsa ane zrI maNibhAI prajApatie karela sarve (bibliyogrAphiksa sarve opha inDiyana menyuskiTsa keTalaoNga) anusAra bhAratIya bhASAnI aMdAjita 60,000 jeTalI hastaprato yuropiyana ane northa amerikAnA vividha dezomAM saMgrahAyelI che. A uparAMta bhAratIya bhASAnI aMdAjita 1,50,000 jeTalI hastaprato eziyAnA vividha dezo - nepALa, zrIlaMkA, barmA, bAMglAdeza, pAkistAna, tibeTa, cAinA, jApAna vagere dezomAM saMgrahAyelI maLI Ave che. emAMthI 67 TakA saMskRta, 25 TakA bhAratIya prAdezika bhASA ane bAkInI arebika,

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226 kalpanAbahena zeTha tibeTiyana, parziyana ne bIjI bhASAomAM che. uparokta sarve parathI eka aMdAja mUkI zakAya ke uparokta saMskRta ane prAdezika bhASAomAMthI 8-10 TakA jaina dharmanI hoI zake. keTalaoNga - sUcipatronI AvazyakatA briTizaro pAsethI hastapratasaMgraha, surakSA uparAMta saMgrahita hastapratonI sUci (keTalaoNga) ane varNanAtmaka sUci (descriptive catalogue) paNa ApaNe zIkhyA chIe. sva. AcArya zrI jaMbUvijayajI ma.sA.e briTiza lAibrerImAM saMgrahita jaina hastapratanA keTalaoNganI prastAvanAmAM jaNAvyuM, 'Catalogues of manuscripts are of the utmost significance because even with the availability of printed publication, the importance of the original material is never diminishes. Important scriptures have been printed and published with many inaccuracies and such defects can only be verified by comparison with the original palm-leaf or paper manuscripts. Publication of catalogues brings to light the rich collection of jain manuscripts that exists in foreign countries. Such collections contain rare and important texts of Jainism and this catalogue offers a wealth of scriptural knowledge.' videzomAMthI upalabdha hastapratasaMgrahomAMthI prApta hastaprato mahadaMze saMzodhakoe potAnA saMzodhanakArya daramiyAna upayoga karyo hoya evI ghaNI prApta thAya che. ethI svAbhAvika ja che ke teoe uttama prakAranI, pUrNa, eka ja kRtinI eka karatAM vadhAre nakalo ane prAyaH judA judA samaye lakhAyelIno upayoga karyo hoya. AthI paradezamAMthI maLI AvatA hastapratasaMgrahomAM alabhya, noMdhanIya, pUrNa ane kyAreka vibhAjana karatI saMjJAyukta hastaprato maLI Ave che, je svataH Adhunika samayamAM ghaNI upakAraka sAbita thAya che. A uparAMta paradezIo khAsa karIne prAcIna vastuo ane sAMskRtika vArasAnA zokhIna ane yogya jALavaNInA AgrahI hoI tyAM sacavAyelo hastapratasaMgraha Adhunika Tekanikala paddhatithI surakSita hoya che. tyAM vividhi kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, kAlikAcAryakathA, madhyakAlIna kRtio - jevI ke AdityavArakathA, kAmakaMdalI kathA, zukasaptati, siMhAsana batrIzI vagerenI sonerI, rUperI syAhI tathA vividha raMgoyukta aneka sacitrAtmaka hastaprato maLI Ave che. tyAM khagoLa-bhUgoLaviSayaka vividha cArTa, tAMbuM, paMcadhAtuyukta vividha yaMtro, kApaDa para vividha nakazAo, Alekho, vijJaptipatro, lekho, jaina khagoLa-bhUgoLaviSayaka citro - jevAM ke lokapuruSa, aDhIdvIpa, jaMbudvIpa, 14 rajuo, sAta naraka, cha vezyA, bAra bhAvanA ityAdi vividha viSayanA Alekho maLI Ave che. tyAM prAcIna tADapatrIya ane kAgaLanI alabhya hastaprato paNa maLI Ave che. tyAMnI lAibrerI ane saMsthAoe hAlamAM AvI prAcIna ane alabhya sAmagrInuM DijiTalAijhezana-kArya paNa hAtha dharyuM che. insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojIe hAlamAM yuropa - khAsa karIne laMDana ane tenI AsapAsanA vistAranI saMsthAo briTiza lAibrerI, briTiza myujhiyama, vikToriyA eNnDa AlbarTa myujhiyama, dha velakama TrasTa, raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI opha laMDana, boDeliyana lAibrerI - oNksapharDamAM rahelI uparokta sAmagrInuM keTaloganuM kAma hAtha dharyuM che. je insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojInI jainapIDiyAnI vebasAiTa (www.jainpedia.org) para upalabdha che. kembrija yunivarsiTIe paNa keTalIka sacitra bhAratIya hastapratonuM keTaloga karela che je tenI vebasAiTa para upalabdha che.

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videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato 227 paradezamAM saMgrahita hastapratonA keTaloga prakAzita karavAno mukhya uddeza paradezamAM chupAyelI alabhya ane mahattvanI hastapratone ujAgara karavAno che. insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojI (Ai.o.je.) yuke - amadAvAda kalA, saMskRti ane dhArmika abhyAsa dvArA vizvabharamAM jaina dharmanA pracAra-prasAra karavA mATe vividha AyAmo hAtha dharyA che. emAMno eka mahattvano che - yuropiyana dezomAM rahelI hastapratono sarve karI tenuM varNanAtmaka sUcipatra taiyAra karAvI prakAzita karavuM. Towards an inventory of Jain Manuscripts in Europe (IJME). 241 241414 vidola Girzel lAibrerI, briTiza myujhiyama ane vikToriyA enDa AlbarTa myujhiyamamAM saMgrahita jaina hastapratonuM varNanAmaka sUcipatra traNa bhAgamAM taiyAra karAvI I. sa. 2006mAM mAnanIya vaDApradhAna zrI manamohanasiMhanA zubha haste enI lokArpaNa vidhi karAvI. A uparAMta "dha velakama TrasTa' ane oksaphorDa yunivarsiTInI boDeliyana lAibrerInuM keTalaoNga taiyAra karyuM che. A uparAMta ame karelA sarvene AdhAre vidozamAMthI maLI AvatI jaina hastapratono sAmAnya aMdAja nIce mujabano ApI zakAya. e yunAiTeDa sTeTsa opha amerikA - kula jena hastaprato - 415 (based on a rough survey of the various sections of A census of Indic Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, complied by H. I. Poleman, New Haven : American Oriental Society, 1938) bhAratIya hastapratonI thayela | noMdhaNI anusAra ahIMyAM kulle 7500-8000 jeTalI hastaprato che. bosTana myujhiyama opha phAina ArTsa - aMdAjita 19 hastaprato, A lisTa vizAlA desAI - AsisTanTa kyureTare I. sa. 1989mAM ApyuM hatuM. vaoNziMgTana - aMdAjita 4 hastaprato, DI. sI. phrIra gaeNlarI oNpha ArTsa, smithasoniyana insTiTyUTa. - vaoNziMgTana - DI.sI.yu.sa. lAibrerI opha koMgresa : aMdAjita 35 hastaprato-sUci-saMkalanahoreisa Ai. polemAna, voziMgTana yunAiTeDa sTeTsa gavarnamenTa prinTiMga oNphisa, 1939. raziyA - saMta pITsabarga, eziyATika myujhiyama eNnDa raziyana nezanala lAibrerI, pro. e. vigasina, mosko dvArA taiyAra thayela hastasUcine AdhAre aMdAjita 150 jaina hastaprato. have yuropiyana dezamAM vividha sthaLe saMgrahAyela jaina hastaprataviSayaka AcherI jhalaka meLavIzuM. lAibrerI saMgraha aMdAjita saMsthA hastaprata samAviSTa samaya saMkhyA Azare 800 saMkhyA Azare 1500 dhI briTiza lAibrerI A saMgraha mukhyatve be vividha saMgraha orienTala saMgraha oNpha (OC) ane inDiyA oNphisa saMgraha (IOC) che. kolambraka (1819), mekejI saMgraha

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228 kalpanAbahena zeTha 14 (1822) barnela saMgraha (1870-1822) bulara saMgraha (1888), phrasTa saMgraha (1904), sara viliyama jonsa (17491794), bucana hemilTana saMgraha (17621829), harmana je kobI saMgraha (1897), jhona lIDana (1775-1811), mesarsa bhagavAnadAsa kAlidAsa pAsethI kharIdI vagere dha velakama TrasTa - a 1911-1939 daramiyAna bhAratanA 1700 AsapAsa 2000 hisTarI opha meDikala vividha sthaLethI AyurvedanI hastapratonI sAyansa, laMDana kharIdI samaye prApta thaI. laMDana skUla oNpha oriyenTala aMdAja nathI lisTa Ara.sI. ane Aphrikana sTaDijha, DogarAe 1978mAM yunivarsiTI opha laMDana taiyAra karyuM che. ToDa saMgraha - royala 1799-1823 53 70 eziyATika sosA. oNpha laMDana kelahorna saMgraha-goTiMjaina 1869-1881 - 27 yuni. lAibrerI barlina-konizliciMga 1873-1878 (+1886-1889) 259 (pu.kra.2.3 328 bibliotheka ophiziyala kAgaLa para 30 jUna pR. 5 kulle , (259+99 1973nI tArIkha che. paraMtu vebara 901mAMthI zAstrIya kRtio) pukra 2.3 pR. 8 anusAra DaoN. bulare jaina ra59) raoNyala lAibrerI barlina mATe kharIdI haze. oNksapharDa, inDiyana 1877-1878 daramiyAna pro. jyorja 39 39 insTiTyUTa (sara bularanI ejansI dvArA saMgrahita karI. moniara viliyamsa) bulara saMgraha (viyenA 1881-1882 bulare gujarAtanA yuni. lAibrerI) bhagavAnadAsa kevaladAsa mAraphate kharIdI karI oNksapharDa boDeliyana 1884-1885, jarmana vidvAna i. huntajhe 135 148 - emAMnI be lAibrerI (1857-1927) saMgraha karyo ane boDeliyana saMyukta (eka karatAM lAibrerIe 1897mAM kharIdyo. emAM keTalIka vadhAre kRtio) hastaprato vilsana, mila ane vokaranA nAme hastaprato che caDhelI che. kembrija yuni. 1884-1885 bhagavAnadAsa 70 220 AsapAsa 74

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videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato lAibrerI, benDala saMgraha phlorensa, bibliothika kevaladAsanI sahAyathI kharIdI 1885-1886 AsapAsa sUrata ane muMbaIthI kharIdI mukhyatve e.DI. gabaraneTisa dvArA saMgrahita naeNzanala senTrale sTrAsabarga-bibliothekyu 1891thI... sTrAsabarga yuni. lAibrerIe nezanaleTa yuni. zve. hastaprato muMbaI-bhagavAnadAsa kevaladAsanI (i. lyumena) sahAyathI ane digaMbara hastaprato zravaNabelagolAnA brahmasUri ane emanA putra jinadAsanI sahAyathI kharIdI 1892-1944nA samaya daramiyAna barlina preyassio - sTAtsabibliotheka paeNrisa saMgraha imAila senArTa TesiTorI saMgraha. vinsenjo joppI sivIka, udine (iTAlI) 1897-1898 AsapAsa (rAjaputAnA) +140 (muMbaI) 295 1914 ane 1916 daramiyAna jayapura ane jodhapuramAMthI kharIdI TesiTorInA kuTuMbIoe lAibrerIne bheTa ApI. 193 770 277 (55 ajaina) 215 375 336 1127 281 374 229 A uparAMta keTalIka yunivarsiTI ane saMsthAo che jemano nAmanirdeza nIce karelo che, jyAM jaina hastaprato hovAnI zakyatAne nakArI zakAya nahIM. ahIMyAM saMskRta, prAkRta, mAru-gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI jevI prAdezika bhASAonI hastapratonI mAhitI teonAM sUcipatro / hAthasUciomAMthI .upalabdha thAya che. AthI anumAna karI zakAya ke emAMthI amuka TakA to jaina hoI zake ja. e mATe saMniSTha prayAsa karIe ane teonAM sUcipatro meLavIne cakAsIe to ja enI yogya mAhitI maLI zake. amane tyAMnAM sUcipatro ke hAthasUcio prApta thaI zakyAM nathI. (1) ebarDIna - ebarDIna yunivarsiTI (2) bruselsa - bibliotheka raoNyala AlbarTa (3) eDInabarga, nyU kaoNleja (4) kAThamaMDu, darabAra lAibrerI (5) seMTa pITarsabarga - bibliotheka impIriyala pablika DI seMTa pITarsabarga. videzomAM saMgrahAyela keTalIka alabhya ane mahattvapUrNa hastaprato : jesalamera, khaMbhAta, pATaNamAM saMgrahita tADapatrIya hastaprato jevI ane jeTalI tADapatrIya hastaprato paradezamAM upalabdha nathI. paraMtu tyAM alpa saMkhyAmAM tADapatrIya hastaprato prApta thAya che. briTiza lAibrerI, laMDanamAM jItakalpasUtra (vi. saM. 1258, I. sa. 1201)nI traNa utkRSTa tADapatrIya hastaprato saMgrahAyelI che jeno ha .pra.kramAMka Or. 1385A, 1385B, 1386 che. te tyAM Adhunika takanIkAnusAra ati uttama rIte surakSita che. ane ethI vizeSa koI paNa saMzodhakane koI

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kalpanAbahena zeTha paNa prakAranI vizeSa kAryavAhI karyA vinA te khUba ja saraLatA ane sahajatAthI prathama prayAse ja prApta thAya che. jarmanInI goTiMgana yunivarsiTInI lAibrerImAM paNa vyavahAracUrNi sAthenI eka 220 pAnAMnI saMyukta tADapatrIya hastaprata saMgrahita che, jeno samaya upalabdha nathI. A uparAMta sTrAsabarganI bibliotheka naeNzanala yunivarsiTImAM paNa karNATakamAMthI prApta karAyelI 20 jeTalI tADapatrIya hastaprato saMgrahita che. 230 - sacitra hastaprato - sacitra hastapratonuM vizeSa mahattva che. te 52dezamAM tADapatrIya hastapratanI sarakhAmaNIe vadhAre upalabdha che. sAmAnyataH kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMgrahaNI sUtra, kAlikAcAryakathA, anya kathAo udA. kAmakaMdalA, AdityavAra, zukrasaptati, nemarAjula, zAlibhadra vagerenI hastaprato sacitra maLI Ave che. briTiza lAibrerI, briTiza myujhiyama, vikToriyA AlbarTa myujhiyama - laMDanamAM saMgrahita sacitra hastapratonI sUci amArA kaeNTalaoNga oNpha jaina mencuskripTa ina dha briTiza lAibrerI (briTiza lAibrerI ane insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojI - laMDana dvArA prakAzita I. sa. 2006) vo.1, pR. naM. 170 para ApelI che. emAM kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMgrahaNIsUtra, kAlikAcAryakathA, sApasIDI rUpe jJAnabAjI, vijJaptipatra, tIrthaMkaranI mAtAnAM 14 svapnAMo darzita eka hastapratanuM kavara, 15mI sadInuM vijaya pradarzita karatuM eka suMdara pRSTha, dhannA-zAlibhadra copAI. AdityavArakathA, kapaDAM para vizALa aDhIdvIpa, lokapuruSa jevAM uttama citroyukta sacitra hastapratonI sUci ApelI che. iMglaeNnDa, amerikA ke anya dezonAM myujhiyamo ke lAibrerImAM kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMgrahaNIsUtra, kAlikAcAryakathAnI pUrNa ke apUrNa hastaprato ke enAM thoDAMka sacitra pRSTho maLI Ave che. A uparAMta prAyaH yuropiyana ane amerikana myujhiyama ke lAibrerImAM bhAratanAM prAdezika rAjyonA vividha prakAranAM kApaDa paranAM saMgrahaNIsUtranAM citro jevAM ke aDhIdvIpa, lokapuruSa, jaMbudrIpa maLI Ave che jenI svataMtra sUci ApavI zakya nathI. emAMnA mahadaMze chellA be dAyakAmAM paradezamAM yojAI gayelAM vividha pradarzanomAM darzAvavAmAM AvyAM che. je-te pradarzananI mAhitI darzaka pustikAmAMthI prApta thaI zake che. temAMnA keTalAka nIce darzAvavAno prayAsa karyo che. (a) pIsaphUla liberaTarsa H saMpA. pratApaditya pAla, losa enjelasa, 1994. prathama pradarzana losa enjelasamAM yojAyuM ane pachI laMDanamAM - jemAM keTalIka sacitra hastaprato ane keTalAMka sacitra pRSTho darzAvavAmAM AvyAM che. (ba) sTepsa Tu lAibrezana : saMpA. je. vena Alkena, enTavarpa, 2001. A pradarzana beljiyamamAM 2000-2001 daramiyAna yojAyuM hatuM jemAM vyaktigata saMgrAhakanA saMgrahamAMthI keTalAMka sacitra pRSTho darzAvavAmAM Avela che. (ka) vikToriyasa vansa H saMpA. philipsa greopha, nyUyaoNrka, 2009. rubina myujhiyamamAM pradarzana yojAyela jemAM amerikA pradarzita vastuo rAkhavAmAM Avela. videzomAM mukhyatve kAgaLa 52nI hastaprato vizeSa maLI Ave che. amArA sarve ane aMdAja mujaba zvetAMbara sAhityanI

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videzamAM jaLavAyelI hastaprato sarakhAmaNIe digaMbara sAhitya paradezamAM ochuM prApta thAya che. sacitra ane vizeSa noMdhanIya hastaprato javalle ja jovA maLe che. jemAMthI thoDI nIce jaNAvela che. 231 (Da) dha velakama TrasTa : I. sa. 2003-2004mAM 'dha velakama TrasTa'mAM DaoN. nAijala elane 'jvelsa oNpha inDiyA' nAmaka pradarzana yojela jemAM sacitra kalpasUtra, saMgrahaNIsUtra, khagoLabhUgoLanAM kapaDAM paranAM citro-lokapuruSa, aDhIdvIpa vagere, sApasIDIrUpa jJAnabAjI jevI sacitra hastaprato ane tADapatrIya hastaprato darzAvela. paradezanA jaina hastapratasaMgrahomAM zvetAMbara sAhityanI sarakhAmaNIe digaMbara sAhitya ochuM maLI Ave che. sTrAsabarga (phrAMsa) bibliotheka naeNzanala yunivarsiTImAM digaMbara sAhitya anya sthaLanI sarakhAmaNIe vizeSa maLI Ave che. A uparAMta briTiza lAibrerI laMDanamAM banArasIdAsanuM 'samayasAra nATaka' ane eka sacitra AdityavAra kathA saMgrahita che. velakama TrasTa, laMDanamAM paNa 2Ighu rita apabhraMza bhASAnI 'sahara cirau'nI eka suMdara sacitra hastaprata saMgrahita che. eziyana dezomAM paNa jaina hastaprato haze ja, paraMtu amane tyAMno sarve ka2vAnI taka prApta thaI nathI jethI eno aMdAja nathI. paraMtu e dizAmAM paNa jarU2 prayAsa karavo joIe. insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojInuM yuropiyana dezomAM A ati suMdara kArya cAlu che. ene anusarIne bIjI koI paNa saMsthA A dizAmAM eka nakkara kadama bharaze to hastapratomAM raheluM jaina sAhitya ghaNuM ja prakAzita thaI zakaze. saMdarbha-sAhitya (1) kaeNTalaoNga oNpha dha jaina maeNnyuskripTa oNpha dha briTiza lAibrerI, bhA. 1-3 : saM. DaoN. nalinI balabIra, DaoN. kanubhAI zeTha, DaoN. kalpanA zeTha, DaoN. caMdrabhAla tripAThI, prakA. dha briTiza lAibrerI ane insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojI, I. sa. 2006 (2) bibliyogrAphiksa sarve oNpha inDiyana maeNnyuskripTsa kaeNTalaoNga : saMpAdako - suhAsa sI. bizvAsa ane maNibhAI prajApati, prakA. isTarna buksa liMkarsa, nyU dilhI, I. sa. 1998 (3) babhruharTa je., epha. : 'kaeNTalaoNga oNpha hiMdI, paMjAbI, hiMdustAnI, maeNnyuskripTsa ina dha lAibrerI oNpha briTiza myujhiyama' bhA. 1-2, laMDana, 1899, (naM. 2-7- pR. 1-5, BMH) (4) oNksapharDa : e.bI. kaitha, 'kaeNTalaoNga oNpha prAkRta maeNnyuskripTsa ina dha boDeliyana lAibrerI - oNksapharDa 1911' e. bI. kaitha, kaeNTalaoNga oNpha saMskRta ane prAkRta maeNnyuskripTsa ina dha lAibrerI inDiyana insTiTyUTa lAibrerI, oNksapharDa, 1903 (5) losTI je.pI. : 'kaeNTalaoNga oNpha saMskRta, prAkRta maeNnyuskripTsa ina dha briTiza myujhiyama', bhA. 2, pR. 70 (6) phlorensa - pI. e. pevolInI : 'maeNnyuskripTsa ina bibliotheka naeNzanala seMTrala DI phIrAnjhe - jaranala 20 (1907)', pR. 63-157 polamena, eca. Ai. polamena e sensasa oNpha

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232 inDika maeNnyuskripTsa ina dha yu.esa. eNnDa kaeNneDA, nyU hevana, koM. 1938 (amerikana orienTala sirIjha -12) (7) zurjiMga - Dabalyu. zumbiMga - lipajhiMga 1944, sTrAsabarga - sI.bI. tripAThI, kaeNTalaoNga oNpha jaina maeNnyuskripTsa eTa sTrAsabarga, 1975 (8) ToDa-ela. DI. bArneTa - kaeNTalaoNga oNpha ToDa kalekzana inDiyana maeNnyuskripTsa ina dha pajhezana oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI (1940) : bhA. 2, eprila, pR. 129-178

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28 Ara. TI. sAvaliyA sacitra jaina hastaprato gujarAtano kalA ane saMskRtino vAraso bhavya che. enI vidyApravRttinA ghaDataramAM prAcIna hastalikhita sacitra hastapratonuM bahumUlya pradAna che. tADapatra, kApaDa ane kAgaLa para lakhAyelA vividha viSayone lagatA hastalikhita ane sacitra graMthone graMthabhaMDAromAM jALavavAmAM Ave che. saurASTranuM valabhI I. sa. 5mI sadImAM vidyAdhAma tarIke samagra bhAratamAM prakhyAta hatuM. AcArya devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNanI dekharekha heThaLa tamAma jaina AgamagraMtho pustaka rUpe valabhImAM lAvavAmAM AvyA. A bAbata bhAratIya vidyApravRttinA itihAsamAM noMdhapAtra che. caulukya vaMzanA be gurjara rAjAo siddharAja jayasiMha ane kumArapALanA samayamAM gujarAtanI sAhitya-pravRttino madhyAhnakALa zarU thayo. siddharAje aneka graMthAlayo sthApI 'siddhahemavyAkaraNa'nI seMkaDo prato lakhAvI. kumArapALe paNa ekavIsa jeTalA graMthabhaMDAro sthApyA hatA. maMtrI vastupAle pATaNa, bharUca ane khaMbhAta - ema traNa graMthabhaMDAro sthApyAnI vigato maLe che. uparokta jJAnabhaMDAromAMnI ekamAtra, tADapatra para lakhAyelI udayaprabhasUrie racelI 'dharmAbhyudaya' kAvyanI hastaprata hAla upalabdha che. AvA hastalikhita graMthabhaMDAro rAkhavAnI prathA jaina samAjamAM vizeSa jovA maLe che. A graMthabhaMDAromAM jaina dharmane lagatA graMtho uparAMta kAvya, koza, chaMda, alaMkAra, jyotiSa, nATaka, zilpa, darzanazAstra vagere viSayaka samagra sAhityanA graMthono samAveza thato. gujarAtanA hastalikhita graMthabhaMDAromAM pATaNa, khaMbhAta ane amadAvAdanA bhaMDAro vadhu khyAti pAmelA che. uparAMta vaDodarA, chANI, pAlanapura, kheDA, pAdarA, bharUca, sUrata, bhAvanagara, ghoghA, pAlitANA, lIMbaDI, jAmanagara, vaDhavANa kaeNmpa, mAMgaroLa vagere

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234 Ara. TI. sAvaliyA sthaLoe aneka nAnA-moTA graMthabhaMDAro AvelA che. gujarAtanA hastaprata-bhaMDAromAM prAcIna samayathI pATaNa vidvAno ane saMzodhako mATe eka tIrthasthAnarUpa banyuM che. ahIM bhaMDAronI saMkhyA 20 jeTalI hatI. paraMtu A bhaMDAro kAyama mATe jaLavAI rahe e hetuthI 1939mAM "zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jJAnamaMdira' banAvAyuM jyAM Azare 20 hajAra jeTalI hastaprato saMgrahAyelI che. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jJAnamaMdira-saMgrahamAM tADapatra para gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyela zvetAmbara jaina saMpradAyanA graMtha "nizIthacUrNi'nI I. sa. 12mI sadInI sacitra hastaprata che. emAM eka prata para vartuLAkAramAM hAthInI savArInuM dazya tathA mAladhArI strIonAM citro che. je apsarAo jaNAya che. ahIM kalpasUtranI suvarNa akSaromAM lakhAyela sacitra prata che. jenI dareka prata para alaga alaga citro che. eka pratamAM kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya kumArapALane upadeza ApI rahelA najare paDe che. emAM lakSmIdevInuM citra paNa che. prathama tIrthaMkara AdIzvara bhagavAnanuM suMdara citra che. A pratamAM jaina * sAdhvIo ane zrAvikAonAM citro AlekhAyelAM che. A prata vi. saM. 1504 (I. sa. 14471448)mAM lakhAyelI che. A ja samayanI bIjI kalpasUtranI hastapratamAM jaina paraMparAmAM vatteoche aMze pUjAtA brahmazAMti yakSa ane lakSmI devInAM AkarSaka citro che. RSabhadevacarita'nI 13mI sadInI hastapratamAM RSabhadeva ane jaina yakSiNI cakezvarInAM citro aneruM AkarSaNa UbhuM kare che. "triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritanI pratanAM chellAM traNa patro upara hemacaMdrasUri, rAjA kumArapALa ane zrAvikA zrIdevInAM manorama citro AlekhAyAM che. "kathArasAgara'nI hastaprata 13mI sadInI che jemAM pArzvanAtha ane zrAvaka-zrAvikAonAM suMdara citro dorelAM che. kenvAsa para cItarela "mahendrasUri svAgatapaTTa'mAM prathama trizalA mAtAne AvelAM cauda svapnonuM Alekhana che. tyArapachI gAmanuM dazya, rAjAno darabAra, bajAra, topakhAnuM, hAthIkhAnuM vagerenuM AbehUba citraNa kareluM che. ahIM jaLavAyela eka hastapratamAMnAM cAra citromAM - hemacaMdrAcAryane vyAkaraNano graMtha lakhavA mATe vinaMtI karato rAjA siddharAja, vyAkaraNa graMthane aMbADI para mUkIne pharatI yAtrA, pArzvanAthanuM maMdira ane vyAkaraNa graMthanI nakala meLavavA AnaMdaprabha upAdhyAyane vinaMtI karatA karmaNa maMtrI vagere prasaMgonAM AbehUba citro dorelAM che. kApaDanA "paTTa' para 14mI sadImAM lakhAyela "dharmavidhiprakaraNamAM sarasvatInuM suMdara citra che. 15mI sadImAM racAyela "paMcatIrthIpaTTa' cAMpAneramAM taiyAra thayo che jemAM sAta citro che. maMdiranA garbhagRhamAM sarpachatra dhAraNa karela pArzvanAthajI, giranAra parvatanuM dazya, sametazikhara ane pAvAgaDha uparanAM mahAvIra svAmI maMdiranAM citronuM manohara Alekhana che. A paTTa saMghavIpADAnA bhaMDAramAM Avelo che. khaMbhAtamAM hAla mukhya cAra hastaprata-bhaMDAro che. pAyacaMdagacchano bhaMDAra, jJAnavimalasUrino

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sacitra jena hastaprato 235 bhaMDAra, nemisUrino bhaMDAra ane zAMtinAthano bhaMDAra. AmAM zAMtinAtha bhaMDAra samagra gujarAtamAM sahuthI samRddha ane mUlyavAna bhaMDAromAMno eka che. ahIM I. sa. 12mIthI 14mI sadI daramiyAna saMskRtamAM lakhAyela prAcIna ane durlabha tADapatrIya hastaprato che. gujarAtanI graMthastha laghucitrakalAnA sahuthI prAcIna namUnA A bhaMDAranI tADapatrIya sacitra hastapratomAMthI maLe che. "dazavaikAlikasUtranI laghuvRtti' hastapratanA chellA patra paranA citramAM Asana para birAjamAna AcArya hemacaMdrAcArya jamaNA hAthamAM tADapatra dhAraNa karI potAnA ziSya mahendrasUrine pATha ApatA jaNAya che. mahendrasUrinI pAchaLa be hAtha joDIne Ubhela dADhIvALA gRhasthanI AkRti rAjA kumArapALanI che. A citra AcArya hemacaMdra ane rAjA kumArapALanA jIvanakALa daramiyAna dorAyeluM che. A prata 12mA saikAnI che. zAMtinAtha bhaMDAramAM saMgrahita "neminAthacarita'nI 13mI sadInI pratamAM jaina tIrthaMkara neminAtha, aMbikAdevI ane aMjalimudrAmAM zrAvaka-zrAvikAnAM citro dorAyelAM che. 12mI sadInI eka anya sacitra pratamAM be citro che jemAMnA eka citramAM padmAsana para beThelA mahAvIra svAmI ane bIjA citramAM tribhaMga avasthAmAM UbhelA caturbhuja sarasvatInuM suMdara citraNa thayeluM che. amadAvAdamAM. devazAnA pADAnA bhaMDAramAM "zrIpAlarAsanI I. sa. 1829mAM taiyAra thayela eka citrita hastaprata che. emAM vepAra mATe sUrata AvatAM vahANonAM citrAMkano AbehUba che. keTalAMka citromAM vRkSo-vanarAjIonAM dRzyo aMkita karelAM che. keTalAMka citromAM gIta-saMgIta ane nRtyonuM Alekhana kareluM che. puruSonA hAthamAM vINAnuM citraNa noMdhapAtra che. devazAnA pADAnA dayAvimalajI bhaMDAramAM "kalpasUtranI 15mI sadInI sacitra hastaprata che. suvarNa akSaromAM lakhAyelI A pratamAM rAga-rAgiNIo jevAM saMgItazAstranAM tathA AkAzacArI, pAdacArI ane bhaumacArI jevAM bharatanATyazAstranAM rUponuM citrAMkana kareluM che. , amadAvAdanA DahelAnA upAzrayamAM "zrIpAlarAsanI hastaprata (I. sa. 1821-1822)nAM citra uttara gujarAtanI viziSTa grAmINa zailImAM AlekhAyAM che. puruSapAtronAM pAghaDI, lAMbI bAMyanAM aMgarakhAM, paTAdAra dhotiyAM ane khesanuM Alekhana AkarSaka che. strIpAtro gherA vAdaLI raMganI oDhaNI ane lAla raMgano caNiyo dhAraNa karela darzAvAyAM che. citromAM pazu-pakSI ane vanarAjInuM Alekhana manohara che. A bhaMDAramAM 19mI sadInI eka citrita jene "jJAnacaupAra' jaLavAyelI che. hiMdu ane jaina paraMparAmAM sAdhuo ane saMsArIo mATe je jJAnacaupAra taiyAra karAtI emAM devalokanuM, sarpo ane sIDIonuM, navagrahonuM temaja judI judI jIvayonionAM citronuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvatuM. vividha prakAranAM devaloka, svarga ane naraka temaja mokSano khyAla ApatI jJAnacIpAra hiMdu paraMparAmAM paNa taiyAra karAvavAmAM AvatI, jemAM 84 koThAonuM Alekhana karAtuM. A 84 lAkha yonionuM pratIka manAtAM. ' ujamaphaInI dharmazALAnA graMthabhaMDAramAM 14mI sadInI eka hastapratamAM mahAvIra svAmInuM avana, janma, nirvANa, samavasaraNa vagere prasaMgonAM citro che.

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236 Ara. TI. sAvaliyA hAjApaTelanI poLamAM 'saMgrahaNIsUtra' (I. sa. 1854-55)nI eka citrita hastapratanI nakala jaLavAyelI che. emAM cakravartInAM 14 ratno, meruparvata ane dvIponuM Alekhana kareluM che. amadAvAdamAM bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavananA myujhiyamamAM veda-vedAMga, itihAsa, purANa, bauddha ane jaina sAhitya, bhakti vagere vividha viSayone lagatI hastaprato sacavAyelI che jemAM kalpasUtra, madhumAlatIkathA jevI, manohara citrovALI prato che. jainasUrio ane sAdhuone temaja saMghane yAtrA daramiyAna AmaMtraNa ApatuM eka vijJaptipatra (18mI sadI) saMgrahAyeluM che. emAMnI keTalIka hastaprato suMdara velabuTTAnI AkRtiothI zaNagArAyelI, koIka sonerI zAhIthI lakhelI, lAla, kALI zAhInA lakhANavALI che. lA.da. vidyAmaMdiramAM munizrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja taraphathI bheTa maLela hastalikhita graMthono saMgraha che. ahIM 500thI vadhu sacitra hastaprato che jemAM 18mI sadInI 'kalpasUtra'nI eka hastapratamAM gajasavArInuM dazya najare paDe che. kAgaLanI keTalIka hastapratomAM bhagavAna tIrthaMkaronA jIvanaprasaMgo AlekhAyelA che. A ja saMsthAmAM AvelA myujhiyamamAM thoDIka sacitra hastaprato saMgrahAyelI che. jemAM kalpasUtranI I. sa. 1430nI pratamAM kAlakAcAryanI kathAnA dazyamAM kAlaka ane zAhIne vArtAlApa karatA darzAvyA che. bIjI pratamAM rAjAne dAna Apato batAvyo che jenuM lakhANa suvarNAkSaramAM ane pArzvabhUmimAM vAdaLI raMganuM Alekhana che. 'vratAcArya kathA'nI hastaprata (I. sa. 1468)mAM zatruMjaya mAhAtmyanuM dRzya AkarSaka che. 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra'mAMnA eka dazyamAM munizrI zrAvakane ghe2 vahoravA mATe gayelA enuM citraNa suMdara rIte kareluM che. 'mAdhavAnala kAmakandalA'nI pratamAM vikramAditya - kAmasenanA yuddhanuM dRzya kaMDAreluM che. 'caMdraprabhacarita'mAM caMdraprabhasvAmInA samavasaraNanuM dRzya doreluM che. I. sa. 1583mAM lakhAyelI 'saMgrahaNIsUtra'nI hastapratamAM indrasabhAmAM nAca-gAnanuM dazya citrakAra goviMda dvArA cItaravAmAM Avela che. ahIM siddhacakra paTTanA keTalAka namUnAo jaLavAyA che jemAM navapadane eka yaMtra svarUpe goThavela che. cAra pagathiyAM - jJAna, darzana (zraddhA), cAritra ane siddhi; tapamAMthI cAra siddhi - upAdhyAya, sAdhu, AcArya ane siddha * Ama ATha vastu prApta thatAM arihaMta eTale ke mokSapadanI prApti thAya che. ahIM saMgrahAyela vijJaptipatramAM prathama maMgala cihno tathA aSTamaMgalanuM citra, nagaranuM Alekhana, sAdhu-mahArAjanA vyAkhyAnane citrAMkita karI, vigato lakhIne enA upara saMghanA sabhyonA hastAkSara levAtA. mahArAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADanA samayamAM vaDodarA rAjyamAM hastalikhita graMthonI jALavaNI pratye UMDo rasa lIdhelo ane AvA graMthonA saMzodhana mATe vibhAga zarU karelo je Aje prAcya vidyAmaMdira tarIke oLakhAya che. jemAM dareka prakAranA hastalikhita graMthono amUlya khajAno jaLavAyo che.

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sacitra jena hastaprato 237 I. sa. 1994mAM racAyelI "mAnatuMga mAnavatI jainarAsa' nAmanI sacitra hastapratanA prathama citramAM rAjAnI savArInuM dRzya che. hAthI para birAjamAna rAjA, pAchaLa maMtrIo ghoDA para beThela che ane AgaLanA bhAge DhAla-bhAlA laIne cAlatA sainiko joI zakAya che. anya be citromAM rAjA maMtrIo sAthe maMtraNA karatA jaNAya che. vaDodarAnA haMsavijayajI saMgrahamAM kalpasUtranI 15mI sadInI hastaprata surakSita che jenuM lakhANa sonerI zAhIthI lakheluM che. A hastapratamAM ATha citro ane 74 apratima kArIgarIvALI suMdara kinAro che. vaDodarA pAsenA chANI gAmamAM traNa jeTalA hastapratasaMgraho che. ahIMnA vIravijayajI saMgrahamAM oghaniryukti' graMthanI I. sa. 1191nI prata che jemAM 16 vidyAdevIo, sarasvatI, lakSmI, aMbikA ane brahmazAMti yakSa maLI kula 21 citro jaina mUrtividhAnanI daSTie mahattvanAM che. IDaranA zeTha ANaMdajI maMgaLajInI peDhInA hastaprata-saMgrahamAM kalpasUtra ane kAlakakathAnI 14mI ane 15mI sadInI sacitra prata che. tADapatranI prata upara sonAnI zAhIthI citro dorelAM che. kalpasUtra'nA vadhumAM vadhu prasaMgo A pratamAM sthAna pAmyA che jemAM aSTamAMgalika, mahAvIrano janma, pArzvanAthano janma, nirvANa ane emanAM yakSa-yakSiI, RSabhadevanuM nirvANa vagere citro khUba AkarSaka ane manohara rIte AlekhAyAM che. lIMbaDInA jaina jJAnabhaMDAramAM I. sa. 1415-1416mAM racAyelI kalpasUtranI sacitra suvarNAkSarI hastaprata che. jAmanagaramAM kalpasUtra-kAlakakathA (I. sa. 1501)nI sacitra hastaprata che. kobA (gAMdhInagara)mAM mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendramAM AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdiramAM hajAro hastaprata jaLavAyelI che. "praznavyAkaraNasUtrapATha' nAmanI hastaprata saMskRta, prAkRta ane hiMdI bhASAmAM saM. 17papamAM lakhAyelI jemAM 22 citro che. "AnaMdaghanacovIsI'nI hastapratamAM covIsa tIrthaMkaronAM stavanonI racanA karelI che jemAM kula 14 citro che. A prati 17mAM saikAmAM lakhAyelI che. - amadAvAdanA sArAbhAI navAbanA saMgrahamAM "sUrimaMtrapaTa'nuM 14mI sadI jeTaluM prAcIna citra jaLavAyuM che. emAM pUrNa vikasita padma para beThelA mahAvIra svAmInA prathama ziSya gautamasvAmInuM citra najare paDe che. ahIMnA saMgrahamAM RSabhadevanA samavasaraNano 1pamI sadInA madhyano eka paTTa ane jaMbUdIpano 19mI sadIno paTTa saMgrahAyelo che. - hastapratonI jALavaNI mATe vaparAtI pATalIo upara laghucitro dRSTigocara thAya che. muni puNyavijayajI saMgrahamAMthI eka pATalI para mahAvIra svAmInA 27 bhavo paikI keTalAka bhavonuM citrAMkana najare paDe che. jaina dharmanI sacitra hastapratomAMthI sAmAjika, dhArmika, itihAsa, prAcIna gAmonA sthAnika itihAsa temaja prAcIna-madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI saMskAra ane sAhityapravRttio vize upayogI mAhitI maLe che. A jaina sacitra hastapratamAMnAM citro madhyakAlIna pazcima bhAratanI citrazailInA

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238 Ara. TI. sAvaliyA uttama namUnA pUrA pADe che. A zailInAM citro laghu-citro svarUpe maLe che. A laghucitronI zailInA namUnA khAsa karIne jaina ke jainAzrita lakhAyelA graMthonAM laghucitronA rUpamAM dorAyelA che. citronI A zailIne gujarAtanI zailI ke mAru-gurjara zailI paNa kahe che. Ama, gujarAtanA hastaprata-saMgraho bhAratIya saMskRtinA bhavya vArasA samAna che. e vartamAna yuganA ane bhAvi peDhInA vidyAnA upAsakone mATe mahAmUlI mUDI che. A amUlya hastapratonI jALavaNI khUba ja kALajI mAgI le che. AvA prAcIna graMthone yathAvat rAkhavA mATe khAsa vaijJAnika paddhatio dvArA jaMturahita ane sApha rAkhavAnI prakriyA niyamita rIte thavI joIe. gujarAtanA tamAma hastaprata-saMgrahomAM rakhAyela prAcIna hastapratonI vaijJAnika paddhatithI jALavaNI ane sAcavaNI thAya to ja AvanAra varSomAM navI peDhI ApaNA kalA ane sAMskRtika vArasAne sAcavI zakaze, samajI zakaze. AvAM hastalikhita graMtho ane citro varSo pahelAM nAjuka padArtho para lakhAyelAM hovAthI teno vAraMvAra upayoga karavAthI ene nukasAna thavA saMbhava che. A nukasAna nivAravA vaijJAnika dRSTie sahelI evI kamyuTaranI madada levI joIe. A sAdhananI madadathI taiyAra thatI enI pratikRtio abhyAsIo ane saMzodhakone sahelAIthI upalabdha karAvI zakAya che. jemane A bhaMDAromAM sacavAyelI jJAnasaMpattinI paribhASA, lipi tathA anya saMketonuM jJAna che tene mATe A jJAnabhaMDAro divya khajAnArUpa che. saMdarbha-sAhitya (1) sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, 'itihAsanI keDI', 1945, vaDodarA, itihAsa ane sAhitya, 1999, amadAvAda (2) navAba sArAbhAI (saMpA prakA), "jainacitra kalpadruma', 1935, amadAvAda gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' graMtha 7, 1981 ane graMtha 8, 1984, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda (4) "gujarAtanA graMthabhaMDAro', gujarAta mAhitI khAtA (gu.rA.) dvArA 2001mAM taiyAra karela 35 emaemanI philma nimitte vividha graMthabhaMDAronI rUbarU mulAkAta vakhate tyAM jaLavAyela sacitra hastapratonI vigato sAmela karI che. (4) Shah G P. 'Treasures of Jain Bhandaras', 1978, L.D. Indology, Ahmedabad (5) Savaliya, Ramji, "Illustrated Jain Manuscripts Preserved in the Bhandaras and the Museums of Gujarat', 'Steps of Indology', 2007, B. J. Institute, Ahmedabad

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jaina pUjA-vidhi pAchaLa rahelI bhAvanAsRSTi bhaktanI bhagavAna pratyenI bhAvanAne bhakti kahe che. saraLa zabdomAM kahIe to potAnAmAM rahelA bhagavAnane jagADavAnA prayAsane bhakti kahe che. A bhakti jyAre rasALa, layabaddha, saMgItamaya ane hRdayanI Urmione raNajhaNAvanAra saMgIta sAthe vahe che to te mAdhyamane pUjA kahevAmAM Ave che. bhakta ane bhagavAna e pUjAnAM be mukhya aMgo che. pUjA rAgapracura hovAnA kAraNe gRhastho mATe jinapUjApradhAna dharma che. AmAM paMcaparameSThInI pratimAno Azraya (AlaMbana) levAmAM Ave che. tauparAMta bhAvanI pradhAnatA che jenA thakI pUjakane asaMkhyAtA karmonI nirjarA thAya che. samasta pUjAsAhityanI racanAomAM pUjAo to jANe gItasaMgItanA paryAyarUpa che. temAM kAvyakaLAno saMgama eTalI adbhuta rIte gUMthAyelo che ke hRdayanA tArane raNajhaNAvI jAya tenAM keTalAMka udAharaNo dvArA rasAsvAda mANIe. 17 bhedI pUjAmAM 15mI pUjA gItapUjA che. 17mI pUjA nRtyapUjA che ane 17mI pUjA vAjiMtranI pUjA che. AI suMdara nAra, kara kara le siMgAra, ThADI caitya dvAra, mana moda dhAra'. A gItapUjAmAM rAgaTyUmarI, paMjAbI Theko sAthe AI indranAra e dezIno saMyoga paNa che. zRMgArarasanA uttuMga zikhara parathI vahetI maMdAkinI jyAre prazamarasa bhaktinA sAgaramAM maLe che to jANe zRMgAra potAnuM astitva bhUlIne bhaktimAM vilIna thaI jAya che. vaLI A kaDIo prAsAnuprAsa hovAnA kAraNe gAvAvALAne potAnI sAthe phAlganI jhaverI

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240 phAlyunI jhaverI vahevaDAvI de che. AvI ja kaMIka aMtaranI Urmione varNasagAI dvArA prAdurbhAva karavAno prayatna che: pUjA prabhukI AnaMdakAra, karone bhavi laTaka laTaka laTaka hAhAhuhu Adi suragaNa, milagaMdharva kaTaka solaha siMgAra saja kara AI, jina pura bhaTaka bhaTaka |* saguNa upAsanAmAM tIrthonuM aneruM mahattva che. emAMya tIrthasthAnomAM karelI bhAvabhakti (anekagaNuM) zatagaNuM phaLa Ape che. jyAre bhakta ane bhagavAna ekabIjAnI sanmukha hoya AtamAMthI (be) advaita (eka) thavAnI prakriyA bhaktinI parAkASThA rUpe maMDAI hoya tyAre vahetI dhArAmAM bhakta prabhune kevAM vizeSaNothI navAje che ? apacharA ghUMghaTa khola ke, Age nAcate, gIta gAna aura tAna khaDA hari dekhate ! hAM hAM re. ahIM bhakta jANe bholebAbA Damaru bajAvatA hoya evo vIrarasano lhako hAM hAM re dvArA mUkyo che. prabhu jANe ke nRtya jotA hoya ane devalokanI apsarAo potAnA ghUMghaTa kholIne prabhu samakSa nRtyanI mahephila sajAvatI hoya evA ramya unmeSo dvArA potAnI bhAvavibhoratA darzAvI dIdhI che. bIjI bAju bhUlyo bAjI, bhogavighanaghana gAjI | Agamajyota na tAjI, karmakuTilavaza kAjI | A paMktio tattvajJAnane pradhAnatA ApatI evI cosaThakamanI pUjAnI che. tenI geyatA ane surAvalInI sajjatAne kAraNe A paMktio jANe janasamudAyamAM gavAI gavAIne amaratvane varI rAjI rAjI rAjI thaIne rAjI, pApa karamathI lAjI thaIne rAjI; Asava bhAvanA bhAjI thaIne rAjI, kara nara jiMdagI tAjI thaIne rAjI. A pUjAnI sauthI moTI viziSTatA e che ke A bAra bhAvanAonA svarUpane darzAvavAnuM kavikulakirITa evA labdhisUrIzvarajIe samaya pArakhI mughala saltanata jyAre gAdInazIna che, tyAre gajhala nAmanA u musalamAnIya geya sAhityaprakAramAM DhALI che. gahanabodhane aMtyAnuprAsa ane yamakanA yugapata prayoga yojIne jhalaka malaka sAthe bhAvanuM phalaka sara karyuM che. pUjAomAMye paMcakalyANaka pUjAo to jANe hadanuM visarjana ane behadanuM sarjananI uktine supere pAra pADe che. pratibiMba pAse ThAve re, ThAve re ThAve re bahu bhAve ! suragirizaMge prabhune raMge, paMcarUpa dharI lAve re lAve re lAve bahu bhAve, dharAve re dharAve re, milAve re milAve re, gAve re gAve bahu bhAve. tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnA janma samaye merugiri upara indra-indrANIne bIjAM deva-devIo pAMca rU5 karI prabhuno janmAbhiSeka mahotsava Ujave che tenuM varNana vAtsalyarasanI sAkha pUrI jAya che. ramatI gamatI hamune sAhelI, bihuM maLI lIjIe eka tALI;

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jene pUjA-vidhi pAchaLa rahelI bhAvanAruSTi 241 amarI bhamarI rAsa ramatI laTakALI re sakhI ! Aja anupama divALI. ahIMyAM AnaMdollAsanI abhivyakti samI be kriyA batAvI che ane te che nAcavuM ane gAvuM. jyAre koI paNa vyakti bhAvAvezamAM Ave, tyAre gAtA gAtA rahI na zake ane nAcavA mAMDe. bahenomAM khAsa karIne sakhI sAhelIo gorI garabe ghUmavA maMDe ane ekabIjAne AnaMdanuM varNana na karI zake eTale tALIonA tAla dvArA nRtyanI bhaMgimAo dvArA ene vyakta kare. ahIM vismayarasa, rUpaka, unmelA, adhyAhAra, upamA A judA judA alaMkAronuM suyojana karI yamakamAM prAsAnuprAsa dvArA paka dikkumArikAoe bhAvavAhI padAvalI dvArA jANe ke divALInuM parva hoya evo sAdazya citAra khaDo karI dIdho che. zabda camatkRti evI suMdara che ke eka vAra sAMbhaLyA pachI kAnamAM guMjArava thayA kare. jinabhakti nimitte vividha prakAranAM nRtya karavAM e nRtyapUjA che. abhinava hastaka hAva bhAve karI, vividha yukta bahu nAca karI, devanA devane devarAjI yathA, karatI nRtya tathA bhUmicArI - apsarAoe rasanA samUhavALuM layane anusaratuM prazasta hAthanI zobhAvALuM, vikAsa pAmatA hAvabhAvavALuM nRtya karyuM ane kavie ene mAtra DhALamAM DhALyuM ja nathI, paNa varNAnuprAsa alaMkArano upayoga karI abhinayanA prAdurbhAvanuM vikasita svarUpa te nRtyakaLAnI prAraMbhika dazA che te siddha karyuM che. da dardo da duMdubhi, vAjatI dIe bhramarI naTa kaTi kaTa kahu, vica paTatAla vAje. zAstrAnusArI layavALuM aneka bhaMgothI zobhatuM bhramara vAje cakaraDIvALuM suMdara nRtya karyuM. chaMchaMchaMchaMchananananana, nAcata zakazakI, caraNa ghUgharI chananananana tAlanA mApavALo ane rasanA AzrayavALo suMdara deha dharAvanArAM indra-indrANIe pagamAM ghuMgharuM (jhAMjharA) bAMdhI prabhu pratyenA bhAvo darzAvatuM AphlAdaka nRtya pUjA rUpe karyuM. tAtparya e che ke aMganA abhinaya vaDe bhAvone pragaTa karavA te nRtya che. nRtyapUjA keTalAka uttama prakAranA jIvoe karI che. jemanAM zAstromAM dRSTAMta Ave che prabhAvatI suriyAbhadeva, draupadIsatI, sItAsatI, maMdodarI ane rAvaNarAye aSTApada para nRtya karyuM ane tyAM rAvaNarAye tIrthaMkara nAmakarmano baMdha A ja nRtyapUjAmAM laya pUravA dvArA karyo. Ama vividha bhaMgimAo dvArA karAtA nRtya thakI keTalAya jIvoe kuMDalinI jAgRtino anubhava karyo che ane je kuMDalinI zakti mUlAdhAra cakrathI upara na UThatI hoya te saDasaDATa upara caDhI jAya che. pachI je anubhUti e vyaktine thAya e to e ja darzAvI zake - ApaNe mAtra enI kalpanA karI zakIe. ' prabhune kevaLajJAna thatAM samavasaraNanI racanA devo kare che. temAM prabhune achoacho vAnAM karavA bhinna bhinna vAjiMtronA nAda kare che ane jANe e badhAM vAjiMtromAMthI eka ja nAda UThato hoya

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242 phAlganI jhaverI badhA bhavasAgaranA pArane pAmo (evo AbhAsa thAya che). paDaha bherI jhAlara tavara, saMkha paNava, ghughariya ghama ghama, sirimaMDala mahuara maNujja nipuNanAda rasa chaMdatama, duMdubhi devataNI gayaNa, vAje sUra gaMbhIra11 A vAjiMtronA nAda suNatAM eTalA AlAdaka lAge che ke jANe pote sAkSAt samavasaraNamAM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA sanmukha pahoMcI gayo hoya ane prabhunA atizayone ekalIna thaI nirakhato hoya ane koI judI ja bhAvasRSTimAM enuM viharana thavA mAMDe che. Ama saMgItapUjA karatAM zarUAta vaikharIthI bhale thaI hoya. aMtima tabakke nAbhimAMthI saMvedano UThe che ne hRdayane sparzI ArapAra nIkaLI jAya che. ahIMyAM eka vAta khUba spaSTa samajavI ke saMgIta eTale gIta vAgha ja nRtyaM ja trAM hitamukhyate. abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi graMthamAM hemacaMdrasUri kahe che : "gIta, vAdya ane nRtyanA samAhAra (traNanA samUha)ne saMgIta kahe che. strI-puruSanI 64 strIkaLA ane 72 kaLApuruSanI emAM saMgItakaLA agiyAramI kaLA che." "paMcAzaka' nAmanA graMthamAM kahyuM che - "je bhavyAtmA zuddha gIta, nRtya ane vAjiMtrathI eTale ke taurvatrikarUpI saMgItathI jinezvara paramAtmAnI bhakti kare che te anaMtaphaLane pAme che.' A saMgItapUjAno samAveza mahAbhASyanI gAthA anusAra agrapUjAmAM karyo che. bIjI rIte eno samAveza bhAvapUjAmAM paNa karavAmAM Ave che. jaina pUjAomAM vividha paribaLone gUMthI levAmAM AvyAM che; jema ke kathAnuyoga, pratIko, kalpano, bhASAvaibhava, samAjadarzana, jJAna-vijJAna, manovijJAna ityAdi pAsAMone pUjAonA mAdhyame vaNI levAyAM che. kathAnuyoga dvArA mAhitI, upadeza ane sadRSTAMtatA dvArA lokone pUjAmAM pakaDI rAkhavA evo UMDANapUrvakano abhigama lAghava zailImAM rajU karAyo che. vaLI tIrthaMkara prabhunI mAtAne AvatAM 14 svapno, 14 rAjalokanI pUjA, aSTamaMgala, 64 ThANAnI pUjA, 8 karmanI pUjA jene 64 prakArI pUjA paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. A pUjAo pratIkAtmaka pUjAo che. pratIka eTale cihna, nizAnI. bhAvonuM pragaTIkaraNa sIdhesIdhuM nahi paNa vyaMjanA dvArA kalAtmaka rIte prarUpaNa karavAmAM Ave che. kalpano dvArA anabhivyakta, agocara, amUrta, apratyakSa, aspaSTa, avyakta, agrAhya bhAvo pratIkakalpano dvArA mUrtimaMta thAya che. jJAnotsava prakArathI 1lI sadImAM prAkRta evam saMskRta bhASAmAM zarU thayelI prAsaMgika prAcIna pUjA madhyakALamAM 15mI thI 19mI sadI sudhImAM kaLaza rUpe jUnI gujarAtI apabhraMza, mArugurjara, jUnI gujarAtI ane vartamAna gujarAtI bhASAmAM racAI. 17mI sadImAM gujarAtamAM je bhakti-AMdolana UDyuM tenA kAraNe jaina sAdhu-kavioe tattvajJAnane pUjAomAM DhALavAnuM zarU karyuM ane viSayavaividhya dharAvatI pUjAono suvarNakALa zarU thayo. A pUjAonI racanA 19mI sadImAM to soLe kaLAe khIlI UThI. arvAcIna kavioracita pUjAmAM gajhala, kavvAlI, hUmarI, videzI saMgIta, hindI ane urdU bhASAnI asara spaSTapaNe jovA maLe che.

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jaina pUjA-vidhi pAchaLa rahelI bhAvanAruSTi 243 A pUjAo dvArA prabhunA zAsananI prabhAvanA to thAya che ja, sAthe sAthe manuSyamAtramAM rahelI sAmAjika vRttine poSaNa maLe che. "vasudhaiva kuTuMbakam'nI bhAvanA jaLavAI rahe che. AjanI zikSaNa paddhatinA kAraNe yuvAvargane dhArmika anuSThAna mATe samaya ja maLato nathI, jyAre jIvanasAthInI pasaMdagIno vAro Ave, tyAre phakta dekhAva joI pasaMdagI karI le che. jyAre A pUjAo jevAM dhArmika ane sAmAjika saMlagnatA dharAvatAM anuSThAno thAya che, tyAre chokarAM-chokarIonI AvaData, kaLA, saMskAra chatAM thAya che ane samakakSAnAM ja kuLa, khAnadAnamAM dIkarA-dIkarIo DhaMkAyelA rahe che. vaLI vartamAnakAlIna paristhiti badalAtAM jIvananAM ane vicAronAM samIkaraNo badalAyAM che. kauTuMbika jIvanazailI khUba nAjuka paristhitiono sAmano karI rahI che. tyAre jo yuvAhRdayane koI evo saMdezo Ape ke navapadamAM je sthAna gurutattvanuM che te sthAna saMsAramAM mAtA-pitA ane anubhavI vaDIlajanonuM che - to gRhakleza-vibhakta kuTuMbanI samasyA sulajhAI jAya ane ghara kharekhara naMdanavana banI jAya. 20 sthAnakanI pUjAmAM AvuM eka udAharaNa maLe che je kartA lakSmI- vijayajInI ArSadRSTi darzAve che. paMcamapade gAIe re bhAvathavira adhikAra re | laukika mAtApitA kahyA, lokotara vratadhAra pensilveniyA yunivarsiTInA manocikitsaka yujita DI. akIlIe karela saMzodhanonAM tAraNo paNa AzcaryakAraka banyAM che. temaNe pUjA-prArthanA (dravya, bhAvapUjA) karatI vyaktionA magajanI prakriyA jANavA mATe spekTa eTale ke siMgala phoTona imezana komyuTeDa TomogrAphI yaMtra vaDe magajanI sthitinI noMdha karI, tyAre temane paNa Azcarya thayuM ke magajanI kAryakSamatA bamaNI thaI gaI. hArvarDa meDikala skUlanA sAikiyATrika vibhAganA prAdhyApaka grega jekabe saMzodhana dvArA evuM tAraNa ApyuM ke dravyapUjA ane bhAvapUjA (pUjA-prArthanA) karatA magajamAMthI nIkaLatAM taraMgomAM AlphAtaraMgo vizeSa pramANamAM UThe che jenA kAraNe zAMti ane racanAtmaka vicAronI avasthA Ave che. nyUrolaoNjisTa cubarga kahe che ke pUjA samaye bAhya saMsAra sAtheno saMparka kapAI jAya che. magajanI aMdarano sensarI inapuTa paNa baMdha thaI jAya che. vaoNziMgTananI jyaoNrjaTAuna yunivarsiTInI skUla oNpha meDisinanA vaDA DaoN. methyae 200 vyaktionAM parIkSaNo dvArA anubhavyuM ke pUjA-prArthanA karanArA bahu ochA bImAra paDe che. Dyuka yunivarsiTInA vijJAnI kroiMge saMzodhana dvArA jaNAvyuM ke dravyapUjA ane bhAvapUjA karanAra vyaktimAM epinephina ane noraepinephina jevA tanAva utpanna karanAra hormonano strAva nahivatuM hoya che. ghaNA buddhijIvIo prazna kare che ke paththaranI gAya jo dUdha na Ape to paththaranI mUrti samyagdarzana kaI rIte Ape ? ahIMyAM jaina dharmamAM vItarAgadevanI ArAdhanA che. je rAga-dveSathI sarvathA rahita che, mATe tenI bhakti karanArane AzIrvAda Ape ane na karanAra pratye dveSa rAkhe AvI mAnyatAne AmAM avakAza ja nathI. gAya dUdha Ape che, eno paricaya potAnA jJAna dvArA thAya che ema A sthApanA nikSepe rahelA prabhu che ane mArI aMdara jIvatojAgato AtamarAma che eno supere paricaya karAve che.

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244 phAlgunI jhaverI Adarza vAstavikatA (Idealistic Reality) pramANe badhI kriyA jinapratimA upara ane pariNAma badhuM pUjana-arcana karanAra bhakta upara Ave che. kArya-kAraNa (cause-effect) pramANe paNa Ama ja thAya che. pUjAo jinamaMdiramAM ja prAyaH karI bhaNAvavAmAM Ave che. tenuM adbhuta vaijJAnika rahasya che. jinaprAsAdomAM UrjAnuM stara ghaNuM UMcuM hoya che. jenA kAraNe bhAvanuM Urdhvagamana thAya che. nakArAtmaka paramANu UrjAnuM rUpAMtara sakArAtmaka UrjAmAM kare che. aprazastabhAvano viccheda thayo enuM sIdhuM kAraNa joIe to vItarAga paramAtmAnI pratimA zAMtarasathI vibhUSita hoya che, eTale tenuM AlaMbana letAM vyaktimAM zAMtarasa-prazamarasanI ja utpatti thAya che. ahIM vimalanAtha prabhunI stavanA yAda Ave che. amIya bharI mUrti racI re upamAna ghaTe koya. zAMtasudhArasa jhIlatI re nIrakhata tRpti na hoya. pUjAsAhitya dravyapUjA ane bhAvapUjArUpa yugalamAM sacavAyuM che. jemAM uttama dravyathI pUjA karatAM * * bhAvanI abhivRddhi thAya che. taduparAMta tenAM rahasyo jema ke aSTaprakArI pUjA ane bAkInI moTAbhAganI pUjAomAM prathama abhiSeka pUjA Ave che. temAM jalapUjA vakhatano eka duho che. jJAna kaLaza bharI AtamA, samatA rasa bharapUra; zrI jinane navarAvatAM, mArAM karma thayAM cakacUra. hakIkatamAM A AMtarika meru abhiSeka mATenI paMkti che. ApaNI karoDarajjune yogAcAryo merudaMDa kahe che. te upara Avela sahasrAra te abhiSeka mATenI meru parvata paranI pAMDuka vananI zilA che. te para prabhune - avadhAraNA vaDe birAjamAna karavAnA. have e prabhuno abhiSeka kaI rIte karavAno : kaDI A rIte khUlaze. jJAna, jJAtAbhAvano kaLaza. temAM samabhAvarUpa pANI bharIne prabhuno abhiSeka karavAno. sAdhakanuM pUruM astitva A samabhAva vaDe bhIMjAze ane karma to kyAMthI raheze ? dravyapUjA pUrI thayA pachI jIva 'nisihI' kahI virAma pAmI bhAvapUjAmAM praveze che. temAM laghupratikramaNa rUpe iriyAvahiyA karI jagatanA jIvo sAthe maitrIbhAva keLave che. caityavaMdana ka2vA mATe yogamudrAmAM DAbo DhIMcaNa Ubho karatAM jamaNA DhIMcaNa upara bhAra Ave ane jamaNI bAjunuM magaja kAryAnvita thavA mAMDe che. jeno sIdho saMbaMdha bhAva, samarpitatAnI lAgaNI sAthe che. DAbo DhIMcaNa Ubho karatAM aMtaHsrAvI graMthiomAMthI AMta22sanuM jharaNa (Chemical Secretion) e rIte thAya che ke je bhaktimAM adbhuta sahAyaka bane che. vyaktinA (bhaktanA) upabhogane darzana upayogamAM otaprota karI de ane prabhu tuM ane huM A dvaitanA saMbaMdhathI zarU thayelI yAtrA tuM ane huM vilIna thaI toham, sohamAMthI eko'hamnA advaitamAM pariName che. pUjAsAhitya e jaina saMghanuM AgavuM sAhitya che. dareka dharmasaMpradAyane potAnuM lAkSaNika sAhitya hoya ja che, tema A pUjAo bhaNAtI hoya, tyAre temAM samAyelAM sAhityano, saMgItano tathA dharma ane bhaktitattvono vAstavika AsvAda thaI zake che. gRhastha dharmamAM paramAtmAnI pUjA karavI te pradhAna kartavya che. pUjAmAM jeTalo bhAvollAsa vadhe teTaluM puNya vadhe. pUjAsAhityanI dezI rAgonI gUMthaNI adbhuta che ja, sAthe temAM tattvajJAnanI raMgapUraNI paNa apUrva che. bhAvollAsa vadhA2vAmAM

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jene pUjA-vidhi pAchaLa rahelI bhAvanAruSTi 245: gIta, nRtya ane vAMjitra eTale ke saMgItano sAtha khUba ja sahAyaka che. atyaMta madhura gIta ane saMgItanA sathavAre thatI prabhunI pUjA jIvananuM amUlya AnaMda-saMbhAraNuM banI jAya che. pUjAo samUha (Mass) ane varga (Class) banne mATe che. je saMghamAM sAmAnya kakSAnAM bhAIbaheno hoya te pUjAmAM gavAtAM viziSTa prakAranAM rAgarAgiNI dvArA sAmUhika AnaMda anubhave ane je thoDA samyagudarzana sanmukha thayA hoya ane jJAnakSetre AgaLa vadhelA che, teo emAMthI tattvajJAna, adhyAtma zodhI kADhI saMgItanA layathI dhyAnamAM pahoMce che. samAlocanA karatAM ApaNe eTaluM ja kahI zakIe ke gAgaramAM sAgararUpa bhASAnA majhAnAM pado... gAtA jAva, nAcatA jAva ane bhaktiyoga sAthe tattvajJAnamAM DUbatA jAva. sAhityajagatamAM bhAvasuMdaratA dharAvato pradeza eTale pUjAsAhitya ! bhASAvaividhya ane bhAvanA-vaividhyane ekasAthe jhIlatuM darpaNa eTale pujAsAhitya ! bhakta hRdayanA anubhavonI geya abhivyaktino saMcaya eTale pUjAsAhitya ! jaina kavio e jJAna ane bhaktinI jyota sadA jvalaMta rahe ane sarvasAdhAraNa janatAnA kalyANano sAco rAha batAvI vAcako, abhyAsIo ane saMzodhakone vistAra pAmatI kSitijanuM darzana karAvanAra thaze tevI pUrNa zraddhA che. pAdaTIpa 1. AtmArAmajIkRta - 17 bhedI pUjA vallabhasUrijI kRta - 21 prakArI pUjA paMDita vIravijayajIta - 99 prakArI pUjA siddhAcalagirinI paMDita vIravijayajIkRta - 64 prakArI pUjA labdhisUrijIracita - 12 vratanI pUjA mANekasiMhasUrikRta - paMcakalyANakapUjA vIravijayajIkRta - paMcakalyANakapUjA 8-9. sakalacaMdrajI kRta - 17 bhedI pUjA 10. AtmArAmajI kRta - snAtrapUjA 11. sakalacaMdrajI kRta 17 bhedI pUjA 12. abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi, kAMDa naM. 2, zloka naM. 193 13 lakSmIvijayajI kRta - 20 sthAnakapUjA

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30 pravINa sI. zAha AvatIkAlanAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendro "The Empires of the future will be empires of mind with great power comes greater responsibilities" - Winston Churchil navA vicAronI utpatti magajamAMthI thAya che ane teno AdhAra vyaktinAM vAMcana, ciMtana ane nirIkSaNa para rahelo che. samAjanA vividha prakAranA samUhone vAMcana ane ciMtananuM bhAthuM pUruM pADanArA che vividha prakAranAM (sArvajanika, zaikSaNika ane viziSTa) graMthAlayo ane mAhitI- kendro. Aje samAjanI badhI ja pravRttio mAhitI/jJAna upara AdhArita hovAthI samAjanA kAyAkalpamAM mAhitI moTo bhAga bhajave che. - bhUtakALamAM gAma e vizva hatuM, paNa Aje vaizvikIkaraNane kAraNe vizva e gAma thaI gayuM che. vizvamAM amerikA jevA vikasita dezoe samAjanA sarvAMgI vikAsa mATe loko ghera beThA mAhitI/jJAna meLavI zake te mATe, graMthAlayo ane mAhitI-kendrone ati mahattva ApyuM che. jarUra paDe A sevAo mATe nANAM paNa cUkave che. vikasita dezo veba 2.0/ graMthAlaya 2.0nI duniyAmAM che, jyAre bhAratanAM moTA bhAganAM graMthAlayo veba 1.0nI duniyAmAM che. paraMtu bhAratamAM paNa vividha prakAranAM graMthAlaya ane mAhitI-kendro dvArA Adhunika TeknaoNlojIno upayoga karIne pragati karavAnI zarUAta karI dIdhI che. amerikA jevA pragatizIla dezomAM sArvajanika graMthAlayo e

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AvatIkAlanAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendro 247 'lokonI yunivarsiTI' che. lokazAhInI pAThazALA che. temAM sarva prakAranI mAhitI/jJAna prApta che. jyAre bhAratamAM A kSetre ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che, paNa sarakAra jAgrata che te sArI bAbata che. bhArata sarakAre "rASTrIya jJAnapaMca'nI sthApanA karI A dizAmAM sAruM pagaluM bharyuM che. A paMcano hetu bhAratane jJAnasamudAyamAM rUpAMtarita karavAno che. Ano dhyeya "sarva samatAvAdI pragatikAraka jJAnamaya samAja Ubho karavAmAM agratAkramanI rIte sahAyabhUta ane mahattvano phALo ApI zake tevA graMthAlayo ane mAhitIkendro UbhAM karavAno che. jJAnane sArvajanika karavAnuM sAmAjika uttaradAyitva nibhAvavA uparAMta te rASTrIya ane vaizvika jJAna mATenA sthAnika pravezadvAra tarIke kAma karaze. A jJAnapaMcanA sUcana mujaba bhArata sarakAre "nUzanala mizana oNna lAibrerIjha enDa inpharmezana sarvisIsa' (NMLIs)nI sthApanA mArca 2012mAM karI che. tenAM kAryo mATe kendra sarakAre rUpiyA 2000 (be hajAra) karoDa phALavelA che ane najIkanA bhaviSyamAM dezanAM 9000 jeTalAM sArvajanika graMthAlayonuM neTavarka UbhuM karavAnI tenI yojanA che. je samAjanA dareka vargane mAhitI/jJAna tvarita rIte pUrAM pADaze. zaikSaNika graMthAlayo ane mAhitI-kendro kSetre, CBSE saMlagna zALAonAM graMthAlayo sArI sevAo Ape che, paraMtu anya zALAonAM moTA bhAganAM graMthAlayo paraMparAgata sevAo paNa pUrI pADI zakatAM nathI. NCERT dvArA dezamAM zALA-graMthAlayonA neTavarkanI yojanA ghaDAI cUkI che te AzAnuM kiraNa che. | ucca zikSaNa kSetre bhAratamAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI-kendrono vikAsa karavA, navuM dizAsUcana karavA, satata Adhunika tAlIma ApavA vagere mATe yu.jI.sI. saMcAlita lAibrerI enDa inpharmezana neTavarka(iklibaneTa)nI sthApanA 1994thI thaI che. hAla A kendra yunivarsiTIonAM, kaoNlejonAM tathA keTalIka saMzodhana-saMsthAonAM graMthAlayonA ati AdhunikIkaraNa mATe kAryAnvita che. ucca zikSaNanAM graMthAlayomAM atyaMta Adhunika TekanolojIno upayoga karIne vividha upabhoktAone ane saMzodhanakArone upayogI thAya tevI aneka sevAo Ape che. Ane kAraNe bhAratamAM ucca zikSaNa kSetre graMthAlayo ane mAhitI-kendronuM bhAvi ujjavaLa che. paNa ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che. ilibaneTa dvArA apAtI mukhya mukhya sevAo nIce mujaba che. saMpUrNa sevAo mATe juo tenI vebasAiTa : www.inflibnet.ac.in (1) hAla 7000 uparAMta vividha viSayonAM I-sAmayiko dezanA saMzodhako, zikSaNakAro ane vidyArthIone saraLatAthI prApta karI ApyAM che ane te aMgenI tAlIma paNa Ape che. - (2) "zodha gaMgA" ane "zodha gaMgotrI' DeTAbeijha, kaoNlejo mATe enalIsTa kAryakrama, DijiTala lAibrerI inizieTiva, graMthAlaya-vyavasthApana mATe "sola 2.0' sophTavera, yujIsI inphoneTa DijiTala lAibrerI, kaoNnsorsasIyA, vividha tAlImo dvArA mAnava saMsAdhana taiyAra karavA, dara varSe parisaMvAdo yojavA vagere vagere mukhya pravRttio che. tAjetaramAM iklibaneTa gujarAtanA pATanagara gAMdhInagara najIka "inphosiTI'mAM tenI

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248 pravINa sI. zAha AjanI ane bhaviSyanI pravRttione dhyAnamAM rAkhIne taiyAra karavAmAM AvelA potAnA kempasamAM kAryarata thaI rahyuM che. viziSTa graMthAlayo : rASTrIya saMzodhana saMsthAo, maeNnejamenTa, AiTIAi, dRSTihIna vyaktio mATenI saMsthAonAM tathA samUhamAdhyamonAM graMthAlayo satata rIte atyaMta Adhunika mAhitI ane pratyAyana TekanolojIno upayoga karIne sArI pragati karI rahyAM che. jyAre jela, haoNspiTala tathA myujhiyamonAM graMthAlayo nAmanAM ja che. jyAre pragatizIla dezomAM A prakAranAM graMthAlayo samAjamAM badalAva lAvavAmAM khAsa madadarUpa thaI rahyAM che. ApaNA dezamAM A kSetre ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che. hastaprata-bhaMDAro : bhAratamAM 50 lAkha uparAMta hastapratomAMthI moTA bhAganI paristhiti icchanIya nathI. naeNzanala eNnyuskripTa mizana' (NMM) hastapratonuM DijiTalAijhezana zarU karyuM che paNa pragati ghaNI dhImI che. doDavAnI jarUra che. bIjuM, A hastapratonI bhASAnI jANakArI bahu ja ochI vyaktione che. AvI vyaktionI saMkhyA vadhAravAnI ke navAone tAlIma ApavAnI jogavAI karavAnI tAtI jarUra che. A hastapratomAM vizvanA badhA ja viSayonuM jJAna saMgrahAyeluM che. tethI te bhAratane supara pAvara banAvavAmAM tathA cokkasa rIte jJAna-zakti tarapha laI javAnI kSamatA dharAve che. klAuDa kamyuTiMga, mobAila inTaraneTa, bloga, graMthAlaya porTala, veba 2.0, graMthAlaya 2.0, simenTiMga veba vagere adyatana TeknaoNlojInI pragatine kAraNe vizvamAM ane bhAratamAM graMthAlaya ane mAhitI-kendro (jJAna-kendro) nIcenA jevI upabhoktAlakSI pravRttio karaze ane sevAo Apaze. vizvanA pragatizIla dezomAM ane bhAratamAM paNa kaMIka aMze AmAMnI keTalIka sevAonI zarUAta thaI cUkI che. paNa graMthAlaya ane mAhitI sevAkSetre upabhoktAlakSI tvarita, cokkasa, pote icche te samaye ane te sthaLe mAhitI/jJAna maLe te mATe graMthAlayoe ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che, je uparokta jaNAvela TeknolojI, vyavasthA, sagavaDo vagerene kAraNe najIkanA bhaviSyamAM zakya banaze. klAuDa-kapyuTiMga : inTaraneTa kSetre Adhunika pragati ane vikAsane anya Adhunika prayuktio sAthe sAMkaLIne AvelI A TeknolojI kamyuTara paddhatimAM nAvInya avataraNa che. te pratyAyana neTavarka para AdhArita che. anya kSetro uparAMta graMthAlaya kSetre teno upayoga vadhI rahyo che. A paddhatino upayoga mATe graMthAlayamAM koI khAsa hArDavera ke saoNphTaveranI ke kamyuTara niSNAtanI jarUra rahetI nathI. graMthAlaye phakta tenA kapyuTaramAM mAhitI ja niveza karavAnI jarUra che. dUra ane ati salAmata jagyAe rahela sarvara badhI ja prakriyA kare che, graMthAlayane jarUrI DeTA tathA ahevAlo pUrA pADe che. ghaNI badhI sevAo ApI zake che. graMthAlayo mATe A nANAkIya rIte phAyadAkAraka vyavasthA che. kayA upabhoktAe kaI mAhitI mAMgI, vagerenA rekorDa paNa rahe che. mAnava saMsAdhana maMtrAlazra 9OOO jeTalAM sArvajanika graMthAlayonAM neTavarka mATe A vyavasthAno upayoga karavAnuM vicArI rahI che.

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AvatIkAlanAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendro 29 mobAila inTaraneTa hAla bhAratamAM mobAila upara inTaraneTano upayoga karanAranI saMkhyA 87.1 miliyana che je 2015 sudhImAM 194 miliyana jeTalI thaze. bhAratamAM "mAnava saMsAdhana maMtrAlaya" atyAre AkAza thrI' TebleTanI taiyArI karI rahyuM che ane yuvAnomAM mobAila inTaraneTano akalpanIya upayoga vadhI rahyo che tyAre najIkanA bhaviSyamAM graMthAlayo Ano upayoga karIne navI navI onalAina sevAo potAnA upabhoktAne Apaze. bloga : bloga e veba bloganuM TUMkuM nAma che. tenI sevAo inTaraneTa AdhArita che. hAla ane bhaviSyamAM tAtkAlika onalAina mAhitI prasAraNa ane upabhoktAnA pratibhAvo jANavA mATe Ano upayoga vadhI rahyo che. bloga dvArA paNa graMthAlayo nIce jaNAvAyelamAMthI ghaNIbadhI sevAo ane mAhitI tenA upabhoktAne pahoMcADIne tenA pratibhAvo jANI zakaze. bloga e mAhitI pUrI pADanAra paNa che ane upabhoktA paNa che. graMthAlaya paoNrTala : graMthAlayanA I-svarUpanA strotono upabhoktA upayoga karI zake te mATe graMthAlaya paoNrTala e ghaNuM vizvasanIya sAdhana che. tenuM mahattva vadhI rahyuM che. veba 1.0, veba 2.0 ane graMthAlaya 2.0H veba 1.0mAM upayogakartA mATe saMvAda karavo zakya nathI. Aje bhAratamAM moTA bhAganAM graMthAlayo A kakSAmAM che. jyAre vikasita dezo veba 2.0 graMthAlaya 2.0 kakSAmAM che. paraMtu pratyAyana TekanaoNlojI kSetre krAMtikArI pheraphArone kAraNe upabhoktA mATe varcyuala (AbhAsI) rIte mAhitInuM . AdAna-pradhAna (vAMcavuM ane pratibhAva Apavo) zakya banyuM che. Ama vebanI duniyAnuM A navuM svarUpa e veba 2.0 che. veba 2.0mAM blojha, sAmAjika neTavarkiMga, vikijha, tvarita saMdezAvAhana vagere savalatono samAveza thAya che. veba 2.0nI eplikezansa bhaviSyamAM graMthAlayone bahumukhI sevAo ApatAM banAvaze ane vyaktigata sevAo ApatAM thaze. veba 2.0 + graMthAlaya = graMthAlaya 2.0 che. AvatI kAlanAM graMthAlayomAM graMthAlaya 2.0ne kAraNe upabhoktA vadhaze ja; uparAMta upabhoktAne jarUrI mAhitI tvarita maLI zakaze. bhaviSyamAM veba 3.0 paNa AvI rahyuM che je wwwnuM bhaviSya che. simenTiMga veba ? inTaraneTa e mAhitIno avargIkRta Dhagalo che. temAMthI je te arthamAM ke arthapUrNa saMdarbhamAM joItI cokkasa mAhitI meLavavI ati muzkela ane samaya letI che. paraMtu inTaraneTa uparathI cokkasa saMdarbhamAM ane cokkasa arthamAM arthapUrNa saMbaMdha dharAvatI mAhitI meLavavA mATe "simenTiMga veba" paddhati amalamAM AvI rahI che. A mATe bhAratamAM ane anya dezomAM saMzodhana projekTo "gugalanI sahAyathI kAryAnvita che.

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250 pravINa sI. zAha Ama, najIkanA bhaviSyamAM upara jaNAvelI Adhunika TeknolojIo, sagavaDo vagerene kAraNe graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendrono upayoga vadhaze tathA upabhoktAlakSI kAryakrama sevAo ApatAM thaze. AthI AvatI kAle najIkanA bhaviSyamAM nIcenA jevI veba AdhArita upabhoktAlakSI tvarita ane saMvAditatArUpa sevAo/sagavaDo DijiTala svarUpamAM jyAM mAge tyAM, je samaye mAMge tyAre, bhUla vagara tvarita ane joItA jaththAmAM vizvasanIya rIte maLI raheze : (1) graMthAlaya upabhoktA potAnA mobAila inTaraneTa upara ke kayUTara upara AbhAsI rIte graMthAlayanI aMdara mulAkAta/pravAsa karI zakaze ane graMthAlaya aMgenI koI paNa mAhitI jevI ke vividha prakAranA ane vividha mAdhyamovALA mAhitIsotonI mAhitI ane tenI goThavaNI, vividha kAryakramo, Tekanikala sevAo, pralekho, prakAzana, graMthAlaya sahakAra, vebasAiTa, pustaka ArakSaNa ane atideya, sthAnika graMthAlayo aMgenI mAhitI vagere mAhitIne game te sthaLe tvarita meLavI zakaze. (2) Aje veba 2.0 vebasAiTa jevI ke phesabuka, philakara, yu TyUba vagere che. teno upayoga graMthAlaya sevAonI jANakArI mATe thaze. veba AdhArita graMthAlayamAM zikSaNa ApavAmAM Avaze. AnA upara saMsthAnAM prakAzano vIjANukIya svarUpamAM sahelAIthI prApta thaze. graMthAlayo Aje risorsa senTara' tarIke oLakhAya che. (3) bloga dvArA navA navA mAhitIstrotonI jAherAta, adyatana avabodhana sevA, navA navA mAhitI srotonA pracAra ane prasAra, sthAnika tathA graMthAlayanA vividha kAryakramonI mAhitI, mAhitInuM mArkeTiMga, graMthAlaya sevA viSayaka vAraMvAra puchAtA savAlonA javAbo, graMthAlaya sevAonI mAhitI, graMthAlayanuM mahattva samajAvatAM lakhANo tathA anya upayogI mAhitI srotonI liMka vagerethI upabhoktAone jANakArI ApavAmAM Avaze tathA saMzodhana aMgenAM sUcano apAze - vagerethI bhaviSyanAM graMthAlayo sajja thaze. (4) Aja karatAM 'oNpana sorsa saoNphTavera' tathA opana sorsa mAhitI srotono upayoga divase divase vadhu thaze. (5) klAuDa TeknolojI veba 2.0 vagerene kAraNe, mAhitI pUratA, vizvanA bhautika sImADAo bhUMsAI jaze tathA graMthAlaya sevAono vyApa vadhaze tathA mUlyavardhita sevAo ApavAmAM Avaze. (9) graMthAlayo esa.ema.esa. dvArA graMthAlayanA vividha kAryakramo, navA mAhitI sroto, pralekha atideya aMgenI, graMthAlayamAM amuka pralekha/sAhityanI prApyatA, sthAnAMka, sthaLa vagere aMgenI mAhitI upabhoktAne pahoMcADaze. AbhAsI anulaya sevA zakya banaze. vAraMvAra puchAtA savAlonA javAbo paNa apAze. (7) najIkanA bhaviSyamAM vividha 'veba sAiTo para vividha abhyAsakramonuM sAhitya hAla maLe che te karatAM vadhu inTaraeNkTiva rIte maLaze. jethI graMthAlaya 2.0no upayoga karIne guNavattAyukta mAhitI/jJAna meLavI zakAze. mukta vizvavidyAla | mukta zikSaNa vadhI rahyuM che tyAre ona-lAina graMthAlaya AdhArita zikSaNa vadhaze ane zikSaNamAM kharekhara lokazAhI Avaze tethI vyakti sva

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AvatIkAlanAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendro 21 prayatnothI niSNAta banaze. (8) hAla karatAM vividha prakAranAM graMthAlayomAM vividha viSayonA graMthAlaya kansoziyama astitvamAM Avaze. Ama sahakAra vadhatAM mAhitIsrotono mahattama lAbha upabhoktAne maLaze ane te vadhu upayogakartA thaze. (9) upabhoktAne joItI cokkasa mAhitI sahelAIthI, je sthaLe ane je svarUpamAM joIze te rIte maLatAM mAhitIno upayogakSetro vadhaze. Ama graMthAlayo dvArA mAhitInI bolabAlA che tenuM bhaviSya che. mAhitInA upabhoktA samUho vadhaze. mAhitI sarvavyApI banatAM tenA vividha akalpanIya upayogo samAjanA loko karaze. (10) bhAratanAM badhAM ja graMthAlayonuM kamyuTarIkaraNa thaze ane pralekhonI mAhitI niveza mATe vividha DeTAbeijhamAMthI "kopI keTalaoNgiMga karavAnuM kAma saraLa banaze. (11) bhAratanAM badhAM ja graMthAlayo neTavarkathI | linka ApIne joDAtAM upabhoktAne joItA pralekhonI nakalo ke mAhitI sroto aMgenI cokkasa mAhitI saraLatAthI tvarita maLI zakaze jenI asara zikSaNa ane saMzodhana para paDaze ane upabhoktAno saMtoSa vadhaze. (12) veba porTala dvArA graMthAlaya aMgenI rojabarojanI mAhitI ane sUcanAo upabhoktAne maLI zakaze. (13) najIkanA bhaviSyamAM neTavarkiMga upara vadhAre bhAra mukAze jethI parisaMvAdo, tAlIma vagere mATe kamyuTara kaoNnpharansiMgano upayoga vadhaze jethI samaya, kharca vagere bacI jaze. (14) sthAnika kakSAe komyuniTI inpharmezana senTara sthapAze, je sthAnika lokone joItI vividha mAhitI/jJAna pUruM pADaze tathA jarUrI sthAnika DeTA beijhIjha taiyAra karaze, sarakArI yojanAonI mAhitI Apaze. A kendro One Point Source of Information tarIke kArya karIne I-gavarnansamAM moTo phALo Apaze. (15) I-buksa rIDarsa sastAM thaI rahyAM che te saMdarbhamAM vIjANukIya pustako/strotono upayoga vadhaze. alabatta, hAlanA hArDakopI svarUpamAM pustakonuM prakAzana ane upayoga jarA paNa ghaTavAnAM nathI. bhaviSyanAM graMthAlayo hAibriDa haze. (16) graMthAlaya sevAonuM saghana mArkeTiMga karavuM paDaze ane yogya cArja laIne sevAo ApavAno abhigama saue svIkAravo paDaze. A Avakano upayoga bhaviSyamAM AvanArI navI TeknolojInI prApti mATe karAze. (17) ATM Booksno jamAno Avaze. jarUrI I-pustakonI hArDa kopI tvarita maLI zakaze. paradezamAM AnI zarUAta thaI cUkI che. ' (18) samAjamAM sAkSaratA abhiyAnamAM graMthAlayo bahu ja moTo bhAga bhajavaze.

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252 pravINa sI. zAha ' (19) AvatI kAlanAM graMthAlayomAM "zAMti rAkho'nA benarone badale graMthAlayomAM ja "jUtha carcA karavA mATenAM sthAno haze. (20) tvarita ona-lAina vADmaya sUci sevAo meLavI zakaze. (21) navI TeknolojI sagavaDone kAraNe upabhoktA (vAcako) sAthe saMvAditatA tathA pratyAyana vadhaze jethI graMthAlaya yAMtrika rIte potAnI sevAonuM mUlyAMkana karI zakaze ane tethI sevAomAM guNavattAyukta jarUrI pheraphAro karIne upabhoktA saMtoSa vadhArI zakaze jethI graMthAlayonI agatya tathA imejamAM sudhAro thaze. (22) mAhitI/jJAna AdhArita udyogo, khAnagI mAhitI kendro UbhAM thatAM saMsthAonAM graMthAlayoe TakI rahevA kiMmata laIne paNa jhaDapI, cokkasa, samayasaranI ane mUlya AdhArita graMthAlaya sevAo ApavA, vahIvaTI DhIla nAbUda karIne, kamara kasavI paDaze. kAryazailImAM mULabhUta pheraphAra lAvavo paDaze. (23) NMLIS dvArA "naeNzanala insTiTyUTa oNpha lAibrerIjha enDa inpharamezana sAyansanI sthApanA thaI rahI che je graMthapAlone Adhunika rahevA navI navI Adhunika kanolojInI tAlIma Apaze ane teno upayoga graMthAlaya-sevAo vikasAvavA mATe karavAmAM Avaze. (24) graMthAlaya ane mAhitI sevAmAM sAhasikatA lAvavA graMthapAloe taiyArIo karavI paDaze. | (25) hAlanA binajarUrI mAhitI srotonuM DijiTalAijhezana karavAmAM Avaze ane tene mATe "anAmata bhaMDAro" UbhA karavAmAM Avaze jethI bhaviSyamAM jarUra paDe teno upayoga karI zakAya. ati Adhunika mAhitI pratyAyana TekanaoNlojI (ICT)nA upayoganA phAyadA sAthe anya sAmAjika asaro : (1) samAjamAM mAhitI-samRddha ane mAhitI-garIba ema be vargo UbhA thaze. (2) vebasAiTa hekiMga vadhaze. . (3) sAyabara krAima vadhatAM te aMgenA kAyadAo ane te aTakAvavAnAM saoNphTavera astitvamAM Avaze. (4) neTavarka dvArA vizvamAMthI joItI mAhitI vipula pramANamAM saraLatAthI maLavAne kAraNe lakhANacorI (taphaDaMcI-Plagiarism) divase divase vadhatI rahevAno bhaya che. AnI saMzodhana ane prakAzanakSetre ADaasaro paDaze. alabatta AvI taphaDaMcI pakaDavA mATenA sophTavera paNa prApta thavA lAgyA che. aMtamAM graMthAlayomAM navIna nipuNatAvALA, navI dizAmAM vicAratA, navuM zIkhavAnI dhagazavALA, sevAo mATe sAhasika vRttivALA, sevAne prAdhAnya ApI zake tevA, karmacArIonI ja bhaviSyamAM nimaNUka thaze. teone temanI hAlanI kAryapaddhati badalavI paDaze. graMthAlayoe tenI sevAonuM mArkeTiMga karavuM paDaze. upabhoktAe graMthAlaya-sevAo mATe kiMmata cUkavavI paDaze.

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AvatIkAlanAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI kendro 253 chevaTe badhA ja prakAranA I-sroto hovA chatAM ane jhaDapI mAhitI jyAre joIe tyAre ane joItA sthaLe maLatI hovA chatAM mAhitI/jJAnano upayoga dareka vyaktinI kalpanAzakti ane mAnasika vicAradhArA/zakti upara AdhAra rAkhe che. A mATe graMthAlaya-sevA sAthe saMkaLAyela sarvanI mAnasika vicAradhArAmAM ane valaNomAM dharakhama pheraphAro lAvavAnI atyaMta agatya che. prazno muzkelIo ghaNI che, paNa muzkelIo e pragatinI nizAnI che, tethI teno khaMtathI, zAMtithI, ciMtanathI ukelavA prayatno/mahenata karavAM paDaze, to ja bhAvi graMthAlayo samAjanA pathadarzaka tathA samAjamAM AmUla parivartana lAvavA sakSama banaze. bhAratamAM graMthAlayo ane mAhitI-kendronuM ane tenI sevAonuM bhAvi ghaNuM ja ujjavaLa che.

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pUjya guru vallabha va mahAvIra vidyAlaya ... mujhe jaba bhI hamAre hRdayasamrATa paramavaMdanIya prAtaHsmaraNIya paMjAbakesarI yugadraSTA pUjya gurudeva AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijaya vallabhasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. ke jIvana para bolane yA likhane ko kaha jAtA hai merA mastaka zraddhA se jhuka jAtA hai, kalama ko zabda nahIM milate jisase maiM bIsavIM sadI ke usa mahAna krAMtikArI, mahAna zikSAzAstrI, mAnavatA ke masIhA, guruvara kA yazogAna kara sakU~ / guru vallabha ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke eka bhI guNa tathA eka bhI upalabdhi para sAgara-salila se lekhanI dvArA likhkha pAnA azakya hai / bAhya va AMtarika donoM rUpa meM ApazrI kA vyaktitva mahAna thA / advitIya AdaraNIya thaa| zAMti-samatAsahaastitva kI sadbhAvanA kA pratIka cintana va jIvamAtra ke kalyANa kI kAmanA kara ojasvI kiMtu zAMta ceharA madhura dhIra gaMbhIra vANI se samalaMkRta thA / kaI vidvAnoMne guru vallabha ke jIvana para risarca kI hai kiMtu itane anusandhAna ke bAda bhI vizAla va gambhIra vyaktitva kA Akalana pUrNarUpeNa nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai / eka jainAcArya hote hue bhI guru vallabha jAtapAta, liMgabheda, prAntavAda, dezabheda kI dIvAroM ko toDakara AtmaciMtana va sarvajanahitAya kArya karate the / hiMdU, muslima, sikkha, IsAI sabhI unake bhaktoM meM the aura ve sabhI ke hita kI bAta karate the / ve sacce arthoM meM yugapuruSa the - sabakI pIr3A ke sAtha sadA jo apane mana ko jor3a sake, mur3a sake jahA~ taka samaya use nirdiSTa dizA meM mor3a sake / yugapuruSa vahI sAre samAja kA nihita dharmaguru hotA hai, sabake mana kA jo aMdhakAra apane prakAza se jor3a sake / / hama sabake prANAdhAra gurudevane apane ArAdhya nyAyAmbhonidhi AcArya zrI vijayanityAnanda sUri

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pUjya guru vallabha va mahAvIra vidyAlaya AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijayAnaMda sUrijI ma.sA. kI sarasvatI maMdiroM kI sthApanA kI aMtima bhAvanA ko mUrtarUpa dene ke lie guru vallabha ne avarNanIya kaSTa sahe paraMtu hariyANA, paMjAba, rAjasthAna, mahArASTra va gujarAta Adi meM zikSA saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA kara yuvakoM ko jainocita saMskAroM ke sAtha vyAvahArika jJAna dhana upalabdha karA kara avarNanIya dAyitva nibhAyA va svayaM ko sadA-sadA ke lie amara kara diyaa| pUjya gurudeva mahAna jainAcArya zrImad vijayAnaMda sUri (AtmArAmajI) mahArAja ne 120 varSa pUrva san 1893meM ambAlA se san 1893 I. sa. meM muMbaI ke jaina zrIsaMgha ko vahA~ para jaina kaoNleja kI sthApanA ke lie joradAra patra likhA thA / ambAlA Ae bambaI ke darzanArthiyoM ko bhI kahA ki, dekho jaba taka zikSA kA pracAra-prasAra nahIM hogA taba taka jaina samAja agraNI nahIM bana sakatA / ___ kalikAla kalpatarU guruvara vallabha aise paTTadhara AcArya hue jinhoMne zikSA, samAjasevA vizeSa rUpa se madhyamavarga sAdharmikoM kI bhakti va paropakAra ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banAyA tathA deza meM zikSaNa saMsthAnoM kI eka zrRMkhalA khaDI kara dI / isa kaDI meM san 1914 meM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya kI bambaI meM sthApanA haI / mujhe yahA~ likhate hae atyanta garva ho rahA hai ki guru Atma va guru vallabha kI nIti va darzana kA prabhAva zrI vIracanda rAghavajI gAMdhI para bhI par3A isalie varlDa pArliyAmenTa oNpha rilijiyaMsa - zikAgo 1893 meM unhoMne apane bhASaNa meM kahA thA ki zikSA kA pracAra-prasAra karanA jainiyoM kA uddezya rahA hai / ve loga yathAzakti isakA pAlana kara rahe haiM / kaI jaina mahAzaya guru Atma kI preraNA se jaina bAlaka-bAlikAoM ke lie vidyAlaya khulavA rahe haiM / strIzikSA ke lie gujarAta meM prAya: jaina dAnadAtAoM kA hI Alambana hai / tatkAlIna bambaI jahA~ sarvatra pAzcAtya sabhyatA, videzI saMskRti, parAdhInatA kA apAra kaSTa thA jaina vidyArthiyoM ke AvAsa va zikSA kA prabandhana eka svapna thA, aise meM pUjya gurudeva dvArA calAyA gayA zikSA kA krAMtikArI mizana A~dhiyoM meM diye kI taraha jalatA rahA aura Aja eka sau varSa bAda divya tejapuMja kI taraha apanI vividha zAkhAoM sahita mahArASTra, gujarAta tathA rAjasthAna meM gauravAnvita hai / yadyapi paMjAbakesarI gurudeva ne deza meM jagaha-jagaha gurukula, chAtrAvAsa va kaoNleja khulavAye para mahAvIra vidyAlaya mumbaI jaisI vizvastarIya zikSaNa saMsthA kI parikalpanA yugadraSTA gurudeva kI dUradarzitA, gahana sAmAjika utkarSa ciMtana evaM ucca darzana ko vyakta karatI hai / samAja va rASTra kI itanI ciMtA karanevAle saMta kama hI hote haiM / maiM jaba bhI pUjya gurudeva ke mahattvapUrNa preraNAdAyI prasaMgoM ko kramabaddha karane kA prayAsa karatA hU~ to bhArata-pAka vibhAjana ke samaya sabhI zrAvakoM ko lekara bhArata meM Ane kA saMkalpa tathA mahAvIra vidyAlaya sthApanA kI yojanA donoM zreSThatama va sArvakAlika prabhAva baDhAne vAle prasaMga haiM / sana 2007 meM maiM mahAvIra vidyAlaya ke bhUtapUrva vidyArthiyoM kI sabhA meM ahamadAbAda gayA thaa| vizva ke kone kone se Aye ve vidyArthI apane saMsthApaka gurudeva ke prati kitanI kRtajJatA va zraddhAsahita AbhAra vyakta kara rahe the vaha dekha kara mere mana meM mahAvIra vidyAlaya ke nirantara pragati, unnati kI dizA meM ciMtana bar3ha gayA thA / mujhase pUrva jinazAsanaratna zAntatapomUrti AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijaya samudrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. evaM paramArakSatriyoddhAraka cAritracUr3AmaNi AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijaya indradinnasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. Adi pUjya gurudevoM ne mahAvIra vidyAlaya kI pragati para pUrNa dhyAna diyA hai va samaya-samaya para muMbaI ke apane cAturmAsoM meM saMsthA kI pragati ko najadIka se nihArA hai /

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256 AcAryazrI vijayanityAnandasUri ____ vartamAna meM isa saMsthA kA mahattva bahuta bar3ha gayA hai / kyoMki vijJAna, takanIka tathA zikSA ke stara ke unnata hone ke sAtha vividha kurItiyoM ne janma le liyA hai / vijJAna ke sakArAtmaka pakSa prazaMsanIya haiM kiMtu galata dizA meM durupayoga cintanIya hai / zikSA, kiMtu saMskAra va dharma kI paribhASA se yukta zikSA uttama hI nahIM hotI varan parivAra kI bhA~ti lAlana-pAlana karatI hai / maiM mahAvIra vidyAlaya kI pragati ko saMskAroM se jor3akara calanA cAhatA hU~ / isa saMsthA ke adhyakSa, mahAna samAjasevI, mahAna dAnavIra, mahAna paropakArI, parama gurubhakta sva. zrImAn dIpacaMda esa. gArDIjI se maiM jaba bhI milA mahAvIra vidyAlaya ke nirantara unnayana para vicAra-vimarza huA / zrI gArDIjI ke svargavAsa se vidyAlaya saMsthAne hI nahIM varan saMpUrNa jaina samAja ne eka mahAna bhAmAzAha tathA zikSA jagata ko samarpita ciMtaka kho diyA hai / yaha saMsthA uttarottara pragati kare, pUjya guru vallabha ke sapanoM ko sAkAra kare tathA yaha zatAbdI varSa vividha upalabdhiyoM se, naI U~cAIyoM va jaina sabhyatA-saMskRti pracAra ke kAryoM se susajjita rahe aisI zubhakAmanAe~ haiM / saMsthA ke TrasTIgaNa saMsthA ko yazasvI banAne meM apane sarvazreSTha prayAsa kareMge aisI zubhabhAvAnA ke sAtha sabhI ko . dharmalAbha /

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anekAnta kI vyApakatA anekAnta aura anekAntavAda - 1. sarva prathama maiM anekAnta aura anekAntavAda meM antara karanA cAhatA hU~ / merA aisA karane kA AdhAra zrImad bhagavad gItA hai jisa meM veda tathA vedavAda zabdoM kA prayoga do bhinna arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai / zrIkRSNa kahate haiM yAmimAM puSpitAM vAcaM pravadantyavipazcitaH vedavAdaratAH pArtha ! nAnyadastIti vAdinaH / / kAmAtmanaH janmakarmaphalapradAm kriyAvizeSabahulA bhogaizvaryagati prati / / bhogaizvaryaprasaktAnAM tayA pahRtacetasAm / vyavasAyAtmikA buddhiH samAdhau na vidhIyate / / spaSTa hai ki yahA~ 'vedavAda rata' logoM kI yaha kahakara nindA kI gayI hai ki ve yaha kahA karate haiM ki 'nAnyadasti' .. Isake atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai / isake atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai' yaha jaina paramparA ke "eva' kI hI vyAkhyA hai / jainavidyA ke adhyetAoM ke bIca kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai eva' ekAnta kA sUcaka hai / jaba koI vaidika dharmAvalambI yaha kahatA hai ki veda hI saba kucha hai, veda ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai, to vaha samAdhi ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA / yaha veda ke prati ekAnta dRSTi rakhane kA pariNAma hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki veda aparAvidyA hai / vaha svarga kI prApti kA sAdhana to hai kintu yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM ki 'veda ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai'; kyoMki yahi veda aparAvidyA hai to usake atirikta eka parAvidyA bhI hai jisake dvArA akSara tattva kA adhigama hotA hai - atha parA yayA tadakSaramadhigamyate / dayAnanda bhArgava

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258 dayAnanda bhArgava arthAt veda eka apekSA se sArthaka hai kintu dUsarI eka aisI apekSA bhI hai jahA~ veda kI gati nahIM hai| vaha kSetra parAvidyA kA hai / isI bAta ko gItA meM 'traiguNyaviSayA vedAH naistraiguNyo bhavArjuna' (2.45) kahakara prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / yaha to eka apekSA se veda kI sImA huI, dUsarI apekSA se veda ke prazaMsAparaka vAkya bhI gItA meM hI upalabdha ho jAyeMge - praNavaH sarvavedeSu (7.9), vedAnAM sAmavedo'smi (10.22) tathA vedaizca sarvai rahameva vaidyaH (15.15) ityAdi / niSkarSa yaha huA ki jahA~ veda kI sImA batAyI gayI hai vahA~ 'vedavAda' zabda kA prayoga hai kintu jahA~ 'veda' kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai vahA~ 'vedavAda' ke sthAna para kevala 'veda' zabda . kA prayoga hai / ___ isa AdhAra maiM kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki jahA~ taka anekAntavAda kA prazna hai, vaha eka vAda hai, eka darzana hai, eka dRSTi hai / usa darzana kA hama Aja jainadarzana ke nAma se jAnate haiM / svAbhAvika hai ki yadi jainadarzana eka darzana hai to vedAnta, bauddha Adi anya darzana bhI haiM jisakA jainadarzana se matabheda hai| . ataH ve darzana anekAntavAda ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge / yadi ve bhI anekAntavAda ko svIkAra kara leM to unakA astitva hI samApta ho jAyegA, ve to jainadarzana meM hI vilIna ho jAyeMge / ataH anekAntavAda kI svIkAryatA sImita hI hai / vaha adhika se adhika vastuvAdI darzanoM (Realist Systems) ko svIkAra ho sakatA hai, jaisA ki pUrva mImAMsA ko svIkAra hai bhI kintu pratyayavAdI (Idealist Systems) darzana use svIkAra nahIM kara sakate jaisA ki vedAnta aura bauddha use svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / yahI anekAntavAda kI sImA hai; vaha vastuvAdiyoM ko svIkArya hai, pratyayavAdiyoM ko svIkArya nahIM hai / kintu yadi anekAnta ko eka vAda banA kara use vivAda kA viSaya na banAyeM, (tulanIya gItA (10.32) vAdo vivadatAmaham) to anekAnta kI svIkAryatA sarvavyApaka ho sakatI hai / ata: hama 'anekAntavAda' para vicAra na karake prastuta patra meM yaha vicAra kareMge ki 'anekAnta' kI sarvavyApakatA tathA sarvadarzana svIkAryatA sImita ho sakatI hai / vAda kA svarUpa hI aisA hai ki vaha ekapakSIya hI hotA hai| vedAnta aura anekAnta - 2. 'naikasminnasambhavAt' (brahmasUtra) kI vyAkhyA karate samaya AcArya zaMkara ne anekAntavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki eka meM paraspara virodhI do dharma nahIM raha sakate / ataH anekAntavAda samIcIna nahIM hai / isa para aneka jaina tathA jainetara vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki AcArya zaMkara anekAntavAda ko ThIka se samajhe nahIM / merA mAnanA hai ki AcArya zaMkara ne anekAntavAda ko ThIka se samajhakara hI usakA khaNDana kiyA hai / ve advaitavAdI haiM / unake advaitavAda kA AdhAra nirapekSatA hai jabaki anekAntavAda kA AdhAra sApekSatA hai; sApekSatA sadA anekoM meM ho sakatI hai, eka meM to nirapekSatA hI hotI hai / jaba zrutikA ghoSa hai ki 'neha nAnAsti kiMcana' to isa zrutikA anekAntavAda se kaise mela ho sakatA hai ? ataH advaitavAdI zaMkarAcArya ne anekAntavAda ko samajhakara hI usakA khaNDana kiyA hai; yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki AcArya zaMkara anekAntavAda ko samajhe nahIM the / Agama-pramANa ko mAnane vAle kisI bhI aise tarka ko svIkAra nahIM kara sakate the jo tarka Agama ke viruddha jAye / zaMkarAcArya kI yahI sthiti hai / ve zrati ke advaitavAdI mAnate the aura anekAntavAda

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anekAnta kI vyApakatA se dvaitavAda siddha ho jAtA hai / phira zaMkarAcArya anekAntavAda ko kaise svIkAra karate ? isa para yaha Aropa A sakatA hai ki zruti tarka viruddha hai / uttara yaha hai ki tarka donoM prakAra kA sambhava hai zrutiviruddha tarka bhI hai tathA zrutisammata tarka bhI hai / hameM zrutisammata tarka kI khoja karanI cAhiye zrutimatastarko'nu-sandhIyatAm / do prakAra ke tarka - 3. DAkTara satakar3i mukharjI ne do prakAra ke tarke kA ullekha kiyA anubhavanirapekSa hai, dUsarA anubhavasApekSa tararpha hai / udAharaNArtha hama do vAkya leM - 1. gulAbI raMga lAla raMga se halkA hotA hai / 2. yajJadatta devadatta se kada meM choTA hai / 259 - / eka zuddha tarka hai jo isameM pahalA cAkya anubhavanirapekSa hai / gulAbI raMga kA lakSaNa hI hai ki vaha lAla raMga se halkA hotA hai / ataH gulAbI raMga lAla se halkA hotA hai yaha siddha karane ke lie lAla raMga aura gulAbI raMga kA anubhava karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yadi koI yaha kahe ki gulAbI raMga lAla raMga se gaharA hotA hai to usakA yaha kathana anubhava kiye binA hI apramANika mAnA jA sakatA hai / use yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM ki pahale hama gulAbI raMga aura lAla raMga ko dekheMge phira batAyeMge ki tumhArA kathana satya hai yA nahIM / yaha anubhavanirapekSa tarka kI sthiti hai / ise a Prori Logic kahate haiM / kintu uparilikhita dUsare vAkya kI prAmANikatA ko jAnane ke lie yajJadatta aura devadatta ko dekhanA Avazyaka hai / yajJadatta aura devadatta zabdoM meM svayaM meM koI aisA cihna nahIM haiM ki binA yajJadatta aura devadatta ko dekhe yaha batAyA jA sake ki unameM kauna kada meM choTA hai aura kauna kada maiM bar3A hai / ataH isa vAkya kI satyatA anubhavasApekSa tarka se siddha hogI / zaMkarAcArya yaha kahatA haiM ki 'koI padArtha hai bhI aura nahIM bhI isa kI satyatA ko jAnane ke lie " anubhava kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / asti nAsti kA vyAvartaka hai aura nAsti asti kA vyAvartaka hai / ataH jaina jisa anubhava ke AdhAra para asti aura nAsti kA eka hI padArtha meM yugapad honA mAna rahA hai usa anubhava kI apekSA kiye binA hI hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki asti aura nAsti paraspara viruddha dharma haiM aura ve eka meM yugapad nahIM raha sakate / ataH anekAntavAda samIcIna nahIM hai / isake viruddha jainoM kA kahanA hai ki sabhI tarka anubhava se siddha hote haiM / hama anubhava se hI to yaha jAnate haiM ki 'koI padArtha yA to hotA hai yA nahIM hotA hai / isI AdhAra para hama astitva aura nAstitva ko paraspara viruddha mAnate haiM / kintu yadi hameM anubhava se yaha patA cale ki koI padArtha apane dRvya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se hotA hai aura dUsare ke dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se nahIM hotA to usase hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki padArtha svacatuSTya se hotA aura paracatuSTya se nahIM hotA / isa prakAra anekAntavAda eka hI padArtha kA eka apekSA se astitva aura dUsarI apekSA se nAstitva mAnatA hai / isa ke viparIta vedAntI vyavahAra meM jaina ke tarka se sahamata hote hue bhI paramArtha meM jaina ke tarka se sahamata nahIM hai / usakA kahanA hai ki jaina ke anubhava meM jo sApekSatA kI dRSTi se viruddha dharmoM kA yugapad eka meM rahanA siddha ho rahA hai usI ke AdhAra para hama bhI saMsAra meM vyavahAra karate haiM / ataH vyavahAra meM anekAnta ko svIkAra kiyA

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260 dayAnanda bhArgava jA sakatA hai isIlie hama mAyA ko sadasadanirvacanIya mAnate haiM / isameM jaina kI saptabhaMgI ke tIna mUla bhaMga samAviSTa haiM / mAyA pratIti meM AtI hai ataH vaha sat hai kintu vaha vilIna ho jAtI hai, isaliye asad hai / aura, kyoMki sad asad yugapad nahIM raha sakate isalie mAyA anirvacanIya hai / 'tadeva mAyAyA mAyAtvaM yattarkAsahiSNutvam / ' tarka kI kasauTI para mAyA ko nahIM kasA jA sakatA kyoMki tarka kI mA~ga hai ki mAyA yA to sat ho yA asat kintu yaha donoM hai ataH ise tarka kI kasauTI para nahIM kasa skte| jaise ki kahanA hai ki vedAntI jise asat kaha rahA hai vaha to parivartana arthAt utpAda vyaya hai aura jise vaha sat kaha rahA hai vaha dhruvatA hai / utpAda vyaya aura dhruvatA to sadA hI sAtha sAtha rahate haiM / yahI sat kA lakSaNa hai 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' / ho yaha rahA hai ki vedAntI sat kA lakSaNa pahale nirdhArita kara letA hai jo sarvathA dhruva ho aura phira jagat ko mithyA ghoSita kara detA hai| satya kI taratamatA - 4. DaoNkTara DI. esa. koThArI satya aura mithyA kI sApekSatAparaka eka dUsarI vyAkhyA karate haiM / jaba taka jala jala rUpa meM hai taba taka jala satya hai / kintu jaise hI jala oNksijana aura hAiDrojana meM badala jAtA hai, vaha mithyA ho jAtA hai aura oNksijana tathA hAiDrojana satya ho jAte haiM / kintu jaise hI oNksijana tathA hAiDrojana kvAnTama arthAt UrjA meM badalate haiM vaise hI kvAnTama satya ho jAtA hai tathA oNksijana aura hAiDrojana mithyA ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra hama eka satya se dasare satya kI aura calate haiM: na ki asatya se satya kI ora | paNDita madhusUdana ojhA ise dUsarI dRSTi se isa prakAra kahate haiM ki mithyA meM satya aura asatya kA mithunIbhAva rahatA hai / mithyA alIka kA nAma nahIM hai apitu satyAsatya ke mithunIbhAva kA nAma hai / AcArya zaMkara bhI 'satyAnRte mithunIkRtya jagatpravartate' kahakara jagat ke mithyAtva kI aisI hI vyAkhyA kara rahe pratIta hote hai / sat kA lakSaNa - vedAntI ke viparIta jaina jagat ko satya pahale mAna letA hai aura kyoMki jagat utpAda vyaya dhruvAtmaka hai ataH vaha sat kA lakSaNa bhI utpAda vyaya dhruvAtmakatA kara detA hai / abhiprAya yaha huA sat ke lakSaNa ke sambandha meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa yaha matabheda ho jAtA hai ki jagat sat hai yA nahIM / jina darzanoM ne bhI jagat ko satya mAnA unheM eka na eka rUpa meM anekAnta ko mAnanA hI par3A kyoMki jagat hai hI trayAtmakatA aise darzanoM meM sabhI vastuvAdI darzana zAmila haiM, yathA pUrvamImAMsA, sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika tathA cArvAkI / jinhoMne jagat ko vAstavika nahIM mAnA unake liye jagat kA trayAtmaka honA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM rakhatA kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM jagat vAstavika hai hI nahIM / phira bhI jo pratIti meM A rahA hai usakA sarvathA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH pratyayavAdiyoM ne bhI vyavahAra meM to anekAnta ko sthAna de hI diyA / vedAnta kA anekAnta - 5. advaitavAdiyoM ne advaita kI bhI eka sImA bA~dhI - bhAvAdvaita sadA kuryAt kriyAdvaitaM na karhicit / kriyA meM advaita nahIM hai / dvaitavAdiyoM ne advaitavAda para jitane Aropa lagAye ve ye mAnakara lagAye ki

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anekAnta kI vyApakatA 261 advaitavArdI vyavahAra meM bhI advaita kA anumodana kare / (tulanIya apRmImAMsA, 4 puNya pApa kriyA na syAt pretyabhAvaH phale kRtaH bandhamokSau teSAM na yeSAM tvaM nAsi nAyakaH) vastusthiti yaha hai ki AcAra ke kSetra meM jisa prakAra jaina ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa kI bAta karatA hai advaitavAdI bhI isI prakAra 'ihAmutrArthabhogavirAga' aura 'zamadamAdi SaTa sampata' kI bAta karatA hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki kriyA arthAta vyavahAra meM to advaitavAdI bhI dvaitavAda kA pAlana karatA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM vaha bhI vyavahAra kI apekSA se anekAntI hI hai / rahA prazna paramArtha kA so advaitavAdI ke liye zrutikA 'ekatvamanupazyataH' vacanaMpramANa hai, vahA~ paramArtha meM vaha ekAnta kA hI samarthana karatA hai / isa prakAra vedAntI ke anekAnta kA anekAnta yaha banegA ki - vyavahAra kI apekSA anekAnta hai / paramArtha kI apekSA anekAnta nahIM hai / anekAnta' ko 'anekAntavAda' na banAyeM to uparyukta vaktavya sApekSa hone ke kAraNa anekAnta kI sImA meM A sakate haiM / kintu anekAntavAdI jaina ko anekAnta meM aisI sApekSatA svIkAra nahIM hai / ThIka bhI hai; yadi jaina bhI aisA anekAnta svIkAra kara legA to usakA svatantra astitva hI nahIM rahegA / samayasArakalaza - 6. aisA nahIM hai ki jaina manISiyoM ne vedAntI kI isa sthiti ko na samajhA ho / 'samayasArakalaza' kA eka zloka hai - udayati na naya zrIrastameti pramANaM kvacidapi ca na vidmo yAti nikSepacakram / kimadhikamabhidadhmo dhAmni sarvakaSe'smi nanubhavamupayAte bhAti na dvaitameva / / kaThinAI yaha huI ki jaise hI jaina manISI ne advaita kI sthiti samajhanI cAhI, use bhI dvaita kA bhAna hI honA banda ho gayA - bhAti na dvaitameva / pramANAtIta - 7. astameti pramANam / jaba pramANa asta hotA hai to do sambhAvanAyeM rahatI haiM - yA to hama aprAmANika ho jAte haiM - Illogical ho jAte haiM yA pramANAtIta ho jAte haiM - Supra Logical ho jAte haiN| Agama pramANa anumAna-pramANa ke AdhIna nahIM hai ki Agama kI hara bAta anumAna yA tarka dvArA siddha hI jAyeM / Agama eka svatantra pramANa hai jisakA AdhAra pAramArthika pratyakSa hai jise vaidika paramparA jAnatI hai / pAramArthika pratyakSa indriyAtIta hai jabaki anumAna kA AdhAra indriyoM dvArA kiye jAne vAle 'bhUyodarzana' ke bala para prApta vyApti kA jJAna hai / donoM kA bhinna kSetra hai / pramANa vyavasthA yaha hogI ki pAramArthika pratyakSa dvArA prApta jJAna ko batalAne vAlA Agama sadA nirdoSa rahegA, jabaki indriyajanya jJAna para Tikane vAlA anumAna sadA hetvAbhAsa kI zaMkA se grasta rahatA hai / ataH anumAna yA tarka ke AdhAra para Agama kI sAdhutA-asAdhutA kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA /

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262 Agama pramANa 8. Agama to zraddhA kA hI viSaya rahegA / ataH tattvArthasUtra meM jJAna se bhI pahale zraddhA ko rakhA hai - samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritrANi mokSamArgaH / hama tarka se yaha siddha nahIM kara sakate ki agni uSNa hai / yaha to anubhavagocara hI hai / - ataH AcArAMga sUtra ne kahA takkA tattha na vijjai, maI tattha na gAhiyA, savve svarAH nivaTThanti / upaniSadoM ne kahA naiSA matistarkeNApaneyA / niSkarSa yaha huA ki jaina manISiyoM ne sabhI bhAvoM ko sApekSa mAnA eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena jJAtaH sarve bhAva: sarvathA tena jJAtAH sarve bhAvA: sarvathA yena jJAtAH eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena jJAtaH isakA AdhAra kevaliyoM kI vANI hai| je eMga jANar3a se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se eMga jANai / - dayAnanda bhArgava - isa vANI para jisakI zraddhA hai vaha sabhI satyoM ko sApekSa mAnatA hai aura anekAnta kA yahI artha samajhatA hai ki sabhI satya kA AdhAra anubhava hai aura / kyoMki anubhava meM sarvatra sApekSatA AtI hai ataH nirapekSa satya kucha bhI nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM yaha Apatti AyI ki phira to sApekSatA sarvatogrAhI hone se svayaM hI nirapekSa ho gayI / . AcArya mahAprajJa ne isakA yaha uttara diyA ki paMcAstikAyoM kA astitva nirapekSa hai / ata: anekAnta bhI anekAntAtmaka hogA; na ki ekAntAtmaka / isake viparIta vedAntI ke liye 'nehanAnAsti kiMcana' kI zruti pramANa hai / ataH vaha anekatA ko nahIM mAnatA pratyuta dRzyamAna anekatA ko dvitIya zreNI kA arthAt vyAvahArika satya mAnatA hai aura vahA~ anekAnta kI sattA ko svIkAra bhI karatA hai / hamArA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina aura vedAntI ke matabheda kA kAraNa zraddhA hai, Agama para vizvAsa hai / usameM sAdhutA - asAdhutA kA nirNaya tarka ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isa niSkarSa kI puSTi meM hama digambara zvetAmbara ke pArasparika matabheda kA prazna leM / digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI anekAntavAdI haiM / phira ye donoM apanA matabheda anekAntavAda kI sApekSatA ke AdhAra para miTA kyoM nahIM lete ? uttara yaha hai ki ina donoM ke Agama hI bhinna bhinna haiM / ve Agama unakI zraddhA kA viSaya haiM / donoM apanI apanI zraddhA ke anukUla acelakatva - sacelakatva ke pakSa meM tarka khoja leMge kintu kisakA tarka ThIka hai, yaha nirNaya kabhI nahIM ho sakegA kyoMki yaha matabheda tarka para nahIM, zraddhA para TikA hai / donoM ko apane apane tarka ThIka naz2ara Ate haiM kyoMki tarka to eka nimitta hai, asalI kAraNa zraddhA hai / matabheda tarka ke kAraNa nahIM, zraddhA ke kAraNa hai / sabhI pakSa apanI apanI zraddhA anusAra tarka khoja lete hai / tarka kI pakar3a se pare -

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anekAnta kI vyApakatA 9. san 2010 meM eka vicitra parIkSaNa huA / bereliyama nAma kI dhAtu ke eka kaNa ke bAre meM yaha pAyA gayA ki vaha kaNa yugapad Upara-nIce athavA dA~ye-bA~ye gati kara sakatA hai / eka hI kaNa eka hI samaya meM eka sAtha do viparIta dizAoM meM gati kare yaha sthiti tarka kI pakar3a se pare kI hai / jaba yaha sthiti maiMne kucha cintakoM ke sAmane rakhI to unhoMne kula milAkara yahI kahA ki aisA nahIM ho sakatA; vaijJAnikoM ko dhokA huA 'hai / kintu vaijJAnikoM kA spaSTa aura dRr3ha mata hai ki aisA hI hai| yaha aTapaTI (Bizzare) sthiti vAstavika hai, dRSTi kA bhrama nahIM hai / yaha sthiti jaina AcAyoM ke bhI sAmane nahIM AyI thI / aba taka hama prakRti se pare ko hI acintya mAna rahe the - - acintyAH khalu ye bhAvA na tA~starkeNa yojayet / prakRtibhyaH paraM yacca tadacintyasya lakSaNam / / aba sthiti yaha ki prakRti bhI acintya ho gayI hai / yaha anekAntavAda bhale na ho, anekAnta to hai hI ki eka kaNa meM yugapad do paraspara viruddha gatiyA~ dekhane meM A rahI haiM / yaha anekAnta kA eka nayA hI AyAma sAmane AyA hai jisa para na jaina, na vedAntI aura na hI bauddha cintakoM ne vicAra kiyA hai / 263 10. veda ke nAsadIya sUkta ke sAmane avazya kucha aisA rahA hogA jisake liye RSi ko kahanA par3A ki patA nahIM paramAtmA ko bhI sRSTi kI utpatti kA rahasya vidita hai yA nahIM hai| yossyA adhyakSaH parame vyoman / so aMga veda yadi vA na veda / / 11. hamaneM anyatra jainetara bhAratIya darzanoM meM anekAnta ke bIja khoje haiN| vastuvAdiyoM meM sabane anekAnta kA svIkAra kiyA hai kintu bheda aura abheda ke bIca vaizeSika donoM ko mAnakara bhI bheda ko mukhya mAnatA hai, jabaki sAMkhya donoM meM abheda ko mukhya mAnatA hai| jaina bheda-abheda donoM ko samAna 'mahattva detA hai| DaoN. vAI. je. padmarajjaiyA ne apane graMtha Jaina Theories of Reality and Knowledge meM isa viSaya para vistAra se prAmANika rUpa meM vicAra kiyA hai / - tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdyastu trayAtmakam tulanIya hai zAstravArtAsamuccaya (7.478) hamArA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina sammata anekAnta to eka vAda ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane hai jo kevala jainadarzana taka hI sImita hai kintu vAda-mukta anekAnta bahuta vyApaka hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI 'asacca sacca parame vyoman' (Rgveda 10.5.7) ubhayaM vA etatprajApatirniruktaJcArniruktaMca' / 'niruktaM parimitamanirukta maparimitam' (zatapathabrAhmaNa 6.5.3.7 ) ' tathA ' tasya ha prajApaterardhameva martyamAsIdardhamamRtam' (zatapathabrAhmaNa 10.1.3.2 ) ' Adi vAkya spaSTataH anekAnta kA pratipAdana kara rahe hai' / dArzanika yuga meM pUrvamImAMsakoM ne anekAnta kA na kevala pratipAdana kiyA pratyuta nAmataH bhI anekAnta kA smaraNa kiyA / mImAMsAzlokavArtika (vanavAda, 21.22.23) kA nimna zloka dekheM - / vardhamAnakabhaMge ca rucakaH kriyate yadA

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264 ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitisvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam / / itanA hI nahIM, anekAnta saMzayavAda hai isakA bhI nirAkaraNa pUrvamImAMsA ne sabala zabdoM meM kiyA vastvanekatvAcca na sandigdhA pramANatA jJAnaM sandihyate yatra tatra na syAt pramANatA / ihAnekAntikaM vastu ityevaM jJAnaMna sunizcitam / / ( mImAMsA zlokavArtika, vanavAda 75 - 79) veda bhASyakAra sAyaNAcArya ne yaha prazna apanI bhASyabhUmikA meM bahuta vistAra se uThAyA hai ki veda meM paraspara viruddha artha ke pratipAdaka vAkyoM meM sAmadrajjasya sthApita karanA bhASyakAra kA dAyitva hai / kahIM 'eka eva rudraH' ( taittirIya saMhitA 1.8.61) kaha diyA gayA hai to kahIM 'asaMkhyAtA sahasrANi ye rudrA adhibhUmyAm' (yajurveda vAjasaneyI saMhitA, 16.54 ) kahA gayA hai / yaha prazna yAskAcArya ne 'nirukta' meM. bhI uThAyA aura jaiminI ne bhI uThAyA / dayAnanda bhArgava saMkSepa meM hama maharSi aravinda ke zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM ki 'jIvana kI sabhI samasyAe~ tattvataH sAmajjasya kI samasyAe~ hai' (divya jIvana, pR. 4) jaina AcAryo ne isa sAmajjasya ko sthApita karane kA prayatna anekAntavAda ke mAdhyama se kiyA kintu yaha prayatna anya darzanoM meM bhI anekAnta ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA / yahI anekAnta kI vyApakatA hai / isa lekha meM hamane apane ko bhAratIya darzanoM taka sImita rakhA hai kintu yadi anya darzanoM meM bhI dekheM to anekAnta ke bIja mileMge / jainetara graMtho meM anekAnta ke samarthana hetu tulanIya haiM nimna graMtha 1. mahAbhASya, paspazAyika pR. 84-85 2. yoga sUtra, vyAsabhASya pR. 13 3. vAtsyAyana, nyAyasUtra 1.1.41 4. zAMkarabhASya, taittirIyopaniSad 2.6.3 5. zAstradIpikA, pR. 101 -

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sallekhanA ke pariprekSya meM kaSAya vijaya kA manovaijJAnika mahattva pUrvabhUmikA : ____ apane viSaya kA prAraMbha karane se pUrva maiM sallekhanA ke viSaya meM ullekha karanA cAhU~gA / tAki viSaya kI spaSTatA acchI taraha se ho ske| sallekhanA zabda yaha saMthArA zabda jaina dharma kA vizeSa zabda hai / isakA arthagAMbhIrya bhI vizeSa hai / isakA apara nAma samAdhimaraNa bhI hai| arthAt samatA yA dhAraNa karate hue maraNa ko varaNa karanA / sAmAnya taura para saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha se jInA cAhatA hai| mRtyu se manuSya hI nahIM, saMpUrNa prANI jagata bhayabhIta hai / vicitratA to yaha hai ki hama jisa jIvana ko jI rahe haiM vaha satyAbhASa hai aura mRtyu ciraMtana satya hai / lekina hama saba AbhAsa ko hI satya mAnakara ciraMtana ke prati upekSA bhAva rakhate haiM / satya ko jhuThalAne kI koziSa karate haiM / vAstava meM dekhA jAye to saMsAra ke prati Asakta aura saMsAra se anAsakta vyakti meM mUlabhUta aMtara hI yaha hai ki eka saMsAra ko asAra mAnakara mRtyu ke satya ko samajhakara usase nirbhaya hokara paramAtma patha kI yAtrA meM Age bar3hatA hai jabaki dUsarA mRtyu ke bhaya se pratidina maraNa kI zaraNa jAtA hai / bhAratIya manISA aura saMskRti meM janma se mRtyu taka ke jina solaha saMskAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai usameM mRtyu ko bhI saMskAra mAnA hai / janma ke AnaMda kI taraha mRtyu ko bhI AnaMda svarUpa hI mAnA hai / yadi mRtyu ko vartamAna jIvana kA aMta mAnA jAya to vaha Agata jIvana kA prathama caraNa bhI hai| kAlAMtara meM manuSya ke mana se nirmoha kA bhAva kama hotA gayA aura . zekharacaMdra jaina

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266 zekharacaMdra jaina kathita vidvAnoM aura paMDitoM ke eka varga ne mRtyu ke jisa bhayaMkara aura ghRNAspada svarUpa ko prastuta kiyA isase manuSya bhayabhIta bhI huA aura mRtyu kI kalpanA bhI bhayAvaha ho gii| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to mRtyu bhaya kA paryAyavAcI bana gaI / manuSya mRtyu se itanA Darane lagA ki vaha balavAna se marane kA bhaya khAne lagA aura kabhI-kabhI dUsaroM ko bhayabhIta bhI karane lagA / cora, luTere mRtyu kA bhaya batAkara aniSTa karane lage jisase mRtyu se saMgharSa karanevAle bhI bhayabhIta hone lage / isa mRtyu ke bhaya se bacAne ke lie kucha ThekedAra paMDitoM ne upAya batalAne prAraMbha kiye aura dhana lUTane lage / mRtyu se bacane ke lie japa, dAna kA lAlaca dene lage / unhoMne ise AjIvikA kA sAdhana banA liyA / saca to yaha hai ki isa maraNadharmA pudgala 'zarIra ke moha meM vyakti bhayabhIta bhI huA aura satya se dUra bhI calA gyaa| jo loga isa mAyAjAla meM nahIM pha~se yA jinhoMne mRtyu kI paravAha nahIM kI unhoMne ise jIvana kA svAbhAvika paTAkSepa mAnA aura nirbhaya ho gaye / unheM koI paMDita yA paMDA bhayabhIta nahIM kara sakA / mRtyu bhI unake sAmane hAtha jor3akara khar3I rahI / saMsAra ke mahAna anveSaNa aura upalabdhiyA~ yA AtmA kI parama siddhi prApta kara sake jo mRtyu se nahIM Dare / unake zarIra bhale hI mara gaye paraMtu ve amara ho gaye / hamAre tIrthaMkaroM ne yA bhagavAna buddha ne sirpha isalie ghara chor3A ki unake aMtara meM nirbhIkatA thI aura mRtyu prati upekSA ke bhAva the / ke - jaba hama prAcIna graMthoM kA adhyayana karate haiM to prAyaH sabhI dharmoM meM svaicchika mRtyu caraNa ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / yaha svaicchika mRtyu varaNa hI mRtyu para vijaya hai yahI mRtyu mahotsava hai| yahA~ itanA / dhyAna rakhanA hai ki AtmahatyA kabhI sallekhanA nahIM ho sakatI / satya to yaha hai ki svecchA se mRtyu kA caraNa karane vAlA use manakI prasannatA se svIkAra karatA hai jabaki AtmahatyA meM na to prasannatA hotI hai, ulTe usameM krodha, bhaya yA mAnasika vikRti hI kAraNabhUta hotI hai / sallekhanA kI zAstrIya vyAkhyA jaina graMthoM meM sallekhanA kI vaijJAnika aura vizada vyAkhyAe~ dI gaI haiM / usakA bAharI svarUpa yA lakSaNa batAte hue sarvArtha siddhi evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'acche prakAra se kAya aura kaSAya kA lekhana karanA arthAt kRSa karanA sallekhanA hai| arthAt bAharI zarIra kA aura bhItarI kaSAyoM kA uttarottara kAya aura kaSAya ko puSTa karanevAle kAraNoM ko ghaTAte hue bhale prakAra se lekhana karanA arthAt kRSa karanA sallekhanA hai / isI prakAra durbhikSa Adi ke upasthita hone para dharma ke artha zarIra kA tyAga karanA sallekhanA hai / A. zrI zivAcArya ne 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM sallekhanA kA bar3A hI zAstrIya vivecana kiyA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aparAjita vijayodayA TIkA meM sallekhanA kI vyAkhyA, prakAra, vidhi Adi kA bar3A hI sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai / ve likhate haiM, 'AtmA ke indriya Adi prANoM ke cale jAne ko maraNa kahate haiM / ' kahA bhI hai - mRGa : dhAtu prANa tyAga ke artha meM hai / tyAga viyoga ko kahate haiM, AtmA se prANoM kA pRthaka honA viyoga hai| yaha Ayukarma saMbaMdhI pudgaloM ke pUrNa rUpa se kama hone para hotA hai... vIryAntarAya karma ke udaya se manobala, vacanabala aura kAyabala rUpa prANoM kI hAni hotI hai / (pR. 43) Age kahA gayA hai ki maraNa jIvanapUrvaka hotA hai jisake lie maraNa, vigama, vinAza, vipariNAma

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sallekhanA ke pariprekSya meM kaSAya vijaya kA manovaijJAnika mahattva zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka vastu, utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya rUpa ko liye ke hue haiM / (peja. 49) AcArya kahate haiM ki "Ayu ke baMdha se hI jIva janma letA hai aura Ayu udaya se hI jIvita rahatA hai / pUrva Ayu kA vinAza aura Age kI anya Ayu kA udaya hone para maraNa hotA hai / athavA jo Ayu saMjJA vAle pudgala udaya meM A rahe haiM unake gala jAne ko maraNa kahate haiM / " (peja. 50) AcAryane janma aura maraNa donoM ko taraMga ke rUpa meM liyA hai jo AtI-jAtI rahatI haiM / sallekhanA ke prakAra : 267 AcArya zivAcArya ne jinAgama meM 17 prakAra ke maraNa kI carcA kI hai aura unakI vizeSatAoM kI bhI prastuta kiyA hai / 17 prakAra ke maraNa kA ullekha aura usake kAraNa aura usakI sthiti kI graMtha meM vizada carcA hai / ina 17 maraNa meM se 5 maraNa kA varNana gAthA naM. 26 meM kiyA gayA hai| jinameM paMDitapaMDita maraNa, paMDita maraNa, bAla paMDita maraNa, bAla maraNa aura bAla-bAla maraNa mukhya haiN| AcArya ne inameM bhI uttara maraNaM ke rUpa meM prAyopagamana, iMgInI maraNa aura bhakta pratyAkhyAna ina tIna maraNoM ko hI uttama mAnA hai / AcAryane sallekhanA ke anya do prakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai jisameM prathama AMtarika aura dUsarA bAhya hai| AMtarika sallekhanA kaSAyoM kI hotI hai aura bAhya ke aMtargata mAtra zarIra ko hI kSINa nahIM karanA hai paraMtu adhikAdhika AMtarika kaSAyoM ko kSINa karane para jora diyA gayA hai| AMtarika kaSAyoM kI yaha kSINatA hI mRtyu ko AnaMdamaya banAtI hai / paMcAstikAya meM ise hI samajhAte hue kahA : gayA hai ki "Atma saMskAra ke ananaMtara usake lie hI krodhAdi kaSAya rahita anaMta jJAnAdi guNalakSaNa paramAtma padArtha meM sthira hokara rAgAdi vikalpoM ko kSINa karanA arthAt bhojanAdi kA tyAga karake zarIra ko kSINa karanA dravya sallekhanA hai / graMthoM meM zarIra ko kamajora yA kSINa karane ke vizada varNana haiM / saMkSipta meM kaheM to sAdhaka sarvaprathama isa pudgala zarIra ke prati mamatA rahita hone lagatA hai / vaha bhUkha para saMyama kI lagAma lagAtA hai / paMca maraNa : bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke AdhAra para ati saMkSepa meM hama paMca maraNa kI carcA kareMge / Agama meM kahA hai, 'vyavahAra meM, samyaktva meM, jJAna meM aura cAritra meM paMDita ke maraNa ko paMDita maraNa kahate haiN| isa saMdarbha meM cAra prakAra ke paMDitoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / unake madhya meM jisakA pAMDitya, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM atizaya zAlI hai use paMDita paMDita kahate haiM / usake pAMDitya ke prakarSa se rahita jisakA pAMDitya hotA hai use paMDita kahate hai / pUrva meM vyAkhyAta, bAlapana aura pAMDitya jisameM hote haiM vaha bAla paMDita hai / usakA maraNa bAla paMDita maraNa hai / aura jisake cAroM prakAra ke pAMDitya meM eka bhI pAMDitya nahIM hai vaha bAla hai aura jo sabase hIna hai vaha bAla-bAla maraNa hai / AcAryane paMDita maraNa ke bheda karate hue tIna prakAra ke maraNoM ko sarvottama mAnA hai jo pAdopagamana, bhakta pratijJA aura iMginI maraNa hai / AcArya kahate haiM ki "athAlaMda vidhi, bhakta pratijJA, iMginI maraNa, parihAra vizuddhi cAritrya pAdopagamana maraNa aura jina kalpAvasthA inameM se kauna sI avasthA kA Azraya . karake maiM ratnatraya meM vihAra karU~ aisA karake sAdhu ko dhAraNa karane yogya avasthA ko dhAraNa karake samAdha maraNa karanA cAhie / "

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268 zekharacaMdra jaina "bhojana kA kramika tyAga karake zarIra ko kRSa karane kI apekSA tInoM samAna hai / para tInoM meM aMtara yaha hai ki zarIra ke prati upekSA kahA~ taka aura kisa prakAra kI hai / " dhavalA meM kahA hai ki "apane aura para ke upahAra kI apekSA rahita samAdhi maraNa ko prAyopagamana vidhAna kahate hai / " jabaki jisa saMnyAsa meM apane dvArA kie gaye upakAra kI apekSA rahatI hai kiMtu dUsare ke dvArA kiye gaye vaiyyAvRta Adi upakAra kI apekSA sarvathA nahIM rahatI use iMginI samAdhi kahate haiM / jisa saMnyAsa meM apane aura dUsare donoM ke dvArA kiye gaye upakAra kI apekSA rahatI hai use bhakta pratyAkhyAna saMnyAsa kahate haiN|" bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ise aura acche DhaMga se samajhAte hue kahA hai, 'pAdopagamana isakA zabdArtha' - apane pA~va ke dvArA saMga se nikalakara aura yogya pradeza meM jAkara jo maraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha pAdopagamana maraNa hai / itara maraNoM meM bhI yadyapi apane pA~va se calakara maraNa karanA samAna hai paraMta yahA~ rUr3hi kA Azraya lekara maraNa vizeSa meM hI yaha lakSaNa ghaTita kiyA gayA hai / isalie maraNa ke tIna bhedoM kI anupapatti nahIM banatI / gAthA meM 'pAoggagamaNamaraNaM' aisA bhI pATha hai / usakA aisA abhiprAya hai. ki bhava kA aMta karane yogya aise saMsthAna aura saMhanana ko prAyogya kahate haiM / inakI prApti honA prAyogya gamana hai / arthAt viziSTa saMsthAna va viziSTa saMhanana ko hI prAyogya aMgIkAra karate haiM / bhakta zabda kA artha AhAra hai aura pratijJA zabda kA artha tyAga hotA hai arthAta AhAra kA tyAga karake maraNa karanA bhakta pratyAkhyAna hai / yadyapi AhAra kA tyAga itara donoM maraNoM meM bhI hotA hai to bhI isa lakSaNa kA prayoga rUr3hivaza maraNa vizeSa meM hI kahA gayA hai / sva abhiprAya ko iMgita kahate haiM / apane abhiprAya ke anusAra sthita hokara pravRtti karake jo maraNa hotA hai usIko iMginI maraNa kahate haiM / " bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ina tInoM ke saMhanana kAla va kSetra kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - "bhakta pratyAkhyAna maraNa hI isa kArya meM upayokuta hai / itara do arthAt iMginI va prAyogapagamanamaraNa sahanana vizeSa vAloM ke hI hote haiM / vraja vRSabha Adi saMhanana isa paMcama kAla meM isa bharata kSetra meM manaSyoM meM nahIM hote haiM / yadyapi iMginI va prAyopagamana kI sAmarthya isa kAla meM nahIM hai / phira bhI unake svarUpa kA parijJAna karAne ke lie unakA upadeza diyA gayA hai / iMginI maraNa ke dhAraka muni pahale tIna arthAt vajra vRSabha, vajra vRSabha nArAca, vajra nArAca aura nArAca sahananoM meM se kisI eka saMhanana ke dhAraka rahate haiM / unakA zubha saMsthAna rahatA hai, ve nidrA ko jitate haiM, mahAbala va zUra hote hai / " sallekhanA kI saMkSipta vidhi : sallekhanA dhAraNa kyoM ? yaha satya hai ki maraNa kisI ko iSTa nahIM hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya likhate haiM ki "jaise nAnA prakAra kI vikreya vastuoM ke dene-lene aura saMcaya meM lage hue kisI vyApArI ko apane ghara kA nAza honA iSTa nahIM phira bhI paristhitivaza usake vinAza ke kAraNa A upasthita hoM to yathAzakti vaha unako dUra karatA hai / itane para bhI yadi ve dUra na ho sakeM to jisase vikreya vastuoM kA nAza na ho aisA prayatna karatA hai / usI prakAra paNya sthAnIya vrata aura zIla ke saMcaya meM juTA huA gRhastha bhI unake AdhArabhUta Ayu Adi kA patana nahIM cAhatA / yadA-kadAcit unake vinAza ke kAraNa upasthita ho jAyeM to jisase apane guNoM meM bAdhA nahIM par3e, isa prakAra unako dUra karane kA prayatna karatA hai / itane para bhI yadi ve

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sallekhanA ke pariprekSya meM kaSAya vijaya kA manovaijJAnika mahattva 269 dUra na ho to jisase apane guNoM kA nAzana ho isa prakAra prayatna karatA hai / isalie isase AtmaghAta kA doSa bhI nahIM lagatA / graMthoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki durbhikSa Adi ke upasthita hone se dharma ke artha zarIra kA tyAga karanA sallekhanA dhAraNa karanA hai / sAdhaka isalie bhI sallekhanA dhAraNa karatA hai ki vaha bahiraMga aura aMtaraMga ke parigraha ko tyAga karatA hai / " jainadarzana hI isa tathya ko puSTa karatA hai ki vyakti isa deha ke prati mamatva ko tyAga dai, kyoMki deha ke sukha ke lie hI samasta rAga-dveSa panapate haiM / unhIM se prerita hokara vyakti aneka akaraNIya kArya karatA hai / ina sabase bacane ke lie jaba vyakti bAhya jagata se aMtara jagata meM praveza karatA hai taba vaha isa zarIra ke prati nirmohI hokara deha tyAga kA vicAra karatA hai / isIlie bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM sallekhanA kyoM dhAraNa kI jAya isakA ullekha karate hue AcArya kahate haiM, 'mahAprayatna se cikitsA karane yogya aisA koI duruttara hone para, zrAmaNya kI hAni karanevAlI atizaya vRddhAvasthA Ane para athavA ni:pratikAra deva manuSya va triyaMca kRta upasarga A par3ane para yA anukUla zatru jaba cAritra kA nAza karane ko udyata ho jAye, bhayaMkara duSkAla A par3ane para, hiMsaka pazuoM se pUrNa bhayAnaka vana meM dizA bhUla jAne para, A~kha-kAna-kAna, jaMghA, bala atyaMta kSINa ho jAye aura jIvana kA koI mArga na rahe usa samaya muni yA gRhastha bhakta pratyAkhyAna arthAt zarIra tyAga karane ke yogya samajhe jAte haiM yA yahI sallekhanA dhAraNa karane kA kAraNa hotA hai / ' isI saMdarbha meM sAgAra dharmAmRta meM bhI aise hI kucha bhAva vyakta karate hue kahA gayA hai - "svakAla pAka dvArA athavA upasarga dvArA nizcita rUpa se Ayu kA kSaya sanmukha hone para yathAvidhi rUpa se saMnyAsa maraNa dhArakara sakala kriyAoM ko saphala karanA cAhie / jinake hone para zarIra Thahara nahIM sakatA / aise sunizcita dehAdi vikAroM ke hone para athavA usake kAraNa upasthita ho jAne para athavA Ayu kA kSaya nizcita ho jAne para nizcaya se ArAdhanAoM ke citavana karane meM magna hotA hai usase mokSa dUra nahIM hotA / " yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki uparyukta viSama paristhitiyoM ke hone para bhI jo muni yA zrAvaka apane pariNAmoM ko saMkleSita nahIM karatA hai, ulTe yaha socatA hai ki deha nazvara hai ina ApattioM ke samaya mujhe deha se mamatva tyAga kara AtmA kA hI rakSaNa karanA hai vaha samAdhi maraNa ko hI mahattva detA hai / anyathA aise viparIta saMyogoM meM yadi vyakti mAtra deha kI ciMtA karegA to vaha bhayabhIta hI hogA / bhaya se hI usakI mRtyu hogI jo deha ke jAne ke bAda bhI kugati ko hI prApta karegA / AcAryoM kA nirdeza itanA hI hai ki vyakti ko aMtima samaya kA AbhAsa hone para ghabar3AnA nahIM cAhie, bhayabhIta nahIM honA cAhie, ArtadhyAna meM nahIM jAnA jAhie, apitu use usa samaya dehAtIta banakara sadabhAvanAoM se zubha pariNAmoM se mRtyu kA varaNa karanA cAhie / sallekhanA AtmahatyA nahIM hai : ___ maiMne apane isa Alekha ke prAraMbha meM hI thor3A sA nirdeza kiyA hai ki jo loga sallekhanA ke mahattva, usakI bhAvanA ko samajha nahIM pAye unhoMne sallekhanA ko AtmahatyA taka kaha diyA / hama jaba AtmahatyA ke bhAva ko samajhate haiM taba hama spaSTa jAna lete haiM ki sallekhanA AtmahatyA nahIM hai / hamane Upara sallekhanA kI jo vyAkhyA, AvazyakatA Adi kI carcA kI hai usameM yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki sallekhanA

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270 zekharacaMdra jaina yA svecchA mRtyu meM sAdhaka samasta saMsAra, parivAra aura deha se bhI nirmohI hokara samasta kaSAya bhAvoM ko; aiSaNAoM ko, icchAoM ko svataH tyAgakara sallekhanA dhAraNa karatA hai / usakA uddezya Atmonnati hotA hai / vaha isa bheda vijJAna ko jAna letA hai ki deha aura AtmA bhinna haiM / mukti ke lie AtmA kA unnayana Avazyaka hai / pudgala zarIra jo bhogavilAsa se poSA gayA thA usane to ulTe AtmA ko baMdhana meM jakaDa diyA thA / ataH vaha zarIra ke bhAgoM se AtmA ko saMyama kI ora mor3atA hai / saMyama kI utkRSTatA kA pratIka hI sallekhanA hai / dUsarI ora AtmahatyA pUrNa kaSAyoM kI tIvratA kA pariNAma hotA hai / isameM krodha kI bahulatA, nirAzA, upalabdhi kI vyavasthA, bhaya Adi pradhAnatayA rahate haiM / mRtyu kA bhaya isameM pramukha hotA hai, aura vaha bhaya vyakti ko mRtyu kI aura unmukha karatA hai / yathA bimArI se thakA, karja meM DUbane para, ugAhI ke bhaya se, guNDoM ke AtaMka se, bhUkhamarI hone para, saMgharSa hone para jaba vyakti nirAzA meM DUba jAtA hai taba vaha klezayukta ho jAtA hai aura usI kleza meM vaha jIvana kA aMta AtmahatyA ke rUpa meM karatA hai| isI prakAra atyaMta krodha ke kAraNa vyakti viveka ko kho detA hai aura usI meM yA to AtmahatyA kara letA hai yA dUsare kI hatyA bhI kara letA hai / isI tathya ko sarvArthasiddhikAra, rAjavArtikakAra sabhIne vyakta karate hue kahA hai ki "sallekhanA meM pramAda kA abhAva hotA hai / pramatta yoga se prANoM kA vadha karanA hiMsA hai, yaha hama jAnate haiM / paraMtu isa maraNa meM pramAda nahIM hai kyoMki, isameM rAgAdika bhAva nahIM pAye jaate| rAga-dveSa aura moha se yukta hokara jo viSa aura zastra Adi upakaraNoM kA prayoga karake unase apanA ghAta karatA hai vaha AtmahatyA hai, paraMtu sallekhanA ko prApta hue jIva ke rAgAdi to hai nahIM, isalie ise AtmaghAta kA doSa prApta nahIM hotA hai / kyoMki kahA jAtA hai ki rAgAdi kA na honA hI ahiMsA hai / " eka bAta aura dhyAna rakhanI cAhie ki sallekhanA AtmabhAvanA, AtmA ke prati zraddhA se hI kI jAtI hai / jabaradastI nahIM karAI jA sakatI / isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki sallekhanA meM svayaM kI zakti aura AtmapreraNA kA mahattvapUrNa upayoga hotA hai / jisameM kisI bAhya dabAva yA jabaradastI nahIM kI jAtI hai / jahA~ jabaradastI aura vikRtiyA~ haiM vahA~ hatyA hotI hai / jainadarzana to isa sthUla se sUkSma aura sUkSma se atisUkSma kI ora bar3hane kA mArga prazasta karatA hai / isIlie vahA~ kathana hai ki "saMyama ke vinAza ke bhaya se zvAsocchvAsa kA virodha karanevAle ko sallekhanA prApta nahIM hotI / yahA~ bhAva itanA hI hai ki zvAsa rokakara marane meM bhaya mUla sthAna meM hai, aura bhaya hone se vaha maraNa yadyapi svecchA se hai paraMtu sallekhanA nahIM hai, AtmahatyA hai|" isIlie bAhya sallekhanA se adhika AMtarika sallekhanA mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI hai / spaSTa yaha hai ki jaba aMtara kI sallekhanA sadhatI hai to bAhya kI sallekhanA to svayaM sadha jAtI hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai ki 'aneka prakAra se zarIra kI sallekhanA vidhi karate samaya kSapaka eka kSaNa ke lie bhI pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi ko na chor3e / kaSAya se kluSita mana meM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi nahIM hotI hai, aura pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi binA kiyA gayA tapa DhoMga hai / jo loga bAhya rUpa se to tapa kara rahe hoM lekina aMtara meM rAgadveSAdika rUpa bhAvaparigraha raheM to pariNAmoM kI saMklezatA ke kAraNa bhavabhramaNa nahIM chUTatA hai aura jisase bhavabhramaNa nahIM chUTatA hai vaha sallekhanA nahIM ho sakatI / '

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sallekhanA ke pariprekSya meM kaSAya vijaya kA manovaijJAnika mahattva 271 sallekhanA ke yogya samaya : sallekhanA ke lie cAturmAsa se hemaMta Rtu ke samaya ko uttama mAnA gayA hai / hama Upara sallekhanA kyoM dhAraNa karanA isakI carcA kara cuke haiM / isI pariprekSya meM sAdhu aura gRhasthoM ke lie yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki koI vyakti jIvana meM yogya samaya para athavA yogya paristhiti meM use dhAraNa na kara sake lekina yadi aMtima samaya meM bhI use dhAraNa kara le to use acchA phala prApta ho sakatA hai| udAharaNa - "jaise koI aMdhA vyakti kisI khaMbhe se TakarA jAya aura usa TakarAhaTa se kisI nimitta se use dRSTi prApta ho jAya usI taraha aMtima samaya meM yadi zarIra kA moha aura kaSAyoM se mukti ke bhAva jAgrata ho jAyeM to ratnatraya rUpI dRSTi prApta ho jAtI hai / " sAgAradharmAmRta meM kahA hai, 'cirakAla se ArAdhaka dharma yadi mRtyu ke samaya chor3a deM aura usakI virAdhanA kI jAya to vaha niSphala ho jAtA hai aura jIvanabhara ArAdhanA na kI ho aura marate samaya usa dharma kI ArAdhanA kI jAya to cirakAla ke ikaTThe hue pApakarma kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai|' ___ yadyapi ekAeka isa prakAra kI sallekhanA lenA bar3A kaThina kAma hai isalie AcAryoM ne usako kramaza: dhAraNa karate hue Age bar3hane kA bhI vidhividhAna diyA hai / AcArya kahate haiM ki "bheda-vijJAna kI dRSTi se vikAsa se vyakti ko pUre jIvana isakA abhyAsa karanA cAhie, arthAt saMyama kI dhAraNA, kaSAyoM kI maMdatA, bhojana para saMyama, deha kI kSINatA kA abhyAsa karate rahanA cAhie jisase aMtima samaya kAyakleza yA manokleza nahIM hotA hai / aura yaha klezamukta mRtyu hI maraNa kA sauMdarya bana jAtA hai / sAdhu aura nirmohI gRhastha kramaza: saMyama meM ArUr3ha hokara use uttarottara dRr3ha karatA hai / sAdhaka vicAra karatA hai ki yaha sallekhanA hI mere dharmarUpI dhana ko mere sAtha le calane meM samartha hai / niraMtara yaha bhAvanA honI cAhie - 'maiM mRtyu ke samaya niyata zAstrokta vidhi se samAdhi maraNa kruuNgaa|' isa taraha bhA karane se maraNa pUrva hI sallekhanAvrata dhAraNa karanA cAhie / yadi sAdhanAkAla meM jIvana meM koI virAdhanA huI ho to bhI maraNa kAla meM bhI vaha ratnamaya rUpa meM paraNata ho jAtI hai aura niraMtara abhyAsa hI aMtima samaya meM uttama pariNAma pradAna karate haiM / sallekhanA dhAraNa se upalabdhi : sallekhanA ke pariNAmoM kA ullekha karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki "sallekhanA se maraNa prApta karanevAlA svarga ke sukha bhogakara vahA~ se gamana kara, manuSyajanma dhAraNa karake saMpUrNa riddhiyoM ko prApta karatA hai / aisA jIva hI jinadharma arthAt munipada ke lie yogya banatA hai / vaha zukla lezyA kI prApti karake karmarUpI kavaca ko tor3akara zukla dhyAna meM pahu~cakara saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai / jisane dharmarUpI amRta kA pAna kiyA hai aisA sallekhanAdhArI jIva samasta prakAra ke duHkhoM se mukti prApta kara apAra dustara aura utkRSTa udayavAle mokSarUpI sukha ke samudra kA kSIra jala kA pAna karatA hai / gRhastha bhI dharma kA pAlana karate hue samAdhi maraNa prApta kare to use deva paryAya prApta hotI hai aura vaha bhI vahA~ se manuSya bhava dhAraNa kara, saMyama dhAraNa kara mukti pAmatA hai / samAdhi maraNa dhAraNa karanevAlA jIva aneka bhavoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kaSTa se bacatA hai aura adhika se adhika sAta-ATha bhava meM mokSa prApta kara letA hai / " isI prakAra ke bhAva bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kiye gaye haiM / ve kahate haiM - "svarga meM anuttara bhoga

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272 zekharacaMdra jaina bhogakara aisA jIva vahA~ se caya uttama manuSya bhava meM janma dhAraNa kara saMpUrNa riddhiyoM ko prApta karate haiN| pIche ve jinadharma arthAt munidharma va tapa Adi kA pAlana karate haiM / " ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai, "piyA hai dharmarUpI amRta jisane aisA sallekhanAdhArI jIva samasta prakAra ke duHkhoM se rahita hotA huA, apAra dustara aura utkRSTa udayavAle mokSarUpI suna ke samudra ko pAna karatA hai / ', puruSArtha siddhi upAya meM bhI kahA hai, 'isa saMnyAsa maraNa meM hiMsA ke hetubhUta kaSAya kSINatA ko prApta hote haiM, isa kAraNa se saMnyAsa ko bhI zrI guru ahiMsA kI siddhi ke lie kahate haiM / ' sallekhanA kA krama : sallekhanA ke krama ke saMdarbha meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'bhakta pratyAkhyAna kA utkRSTa kAla bAraha varSa pramANa hai / ina bAraha varSoM kA kAryakrama nimna prakAra hai / prathama cAra varSa aneka prakAra ke kAya-klezoM dvArA bitAyeM / Age ke cAra varSoM meM dUdha, dahI, ghI, gur3a Adi rasoM kA tyAga karake zarIra ko kRSa kareM / isa prakAra ATha varSa vyatIta hote haiM / do varSa taka AcAmla va nirvikRti bhojana . . grahaNa karate rahanA hai / eka varSa kevala AcAmla bhojana grahaNa kare / chaha mahIne taka madhyama tapoM dvArA zarIra ko kSINa karatA cale, aura aMtima chaha mahIne meM utkRSTa tapoM dvArA zarIra ko kSINa karatA rahe / vAstava meM dekhA jAye to sallekhanA eka prekTIsa hai - deha ko uttarottara kSamatApUrvaka kSINa karate hue usake tyAga kI / mAtra maraNa karanA hI hamArA bAhya lakSa nahIM hotA hai apitu maraNa para samatApUrvaka vijaya prApta kara maraNa ke aMta karane kA bhAva hotA hai / arthAt hama usa siddhatva ko prApta karanA cAhate haiM jahA~ janmamaraNa, AvAgamana chUTa jAtA hai / bAhara zarIra kRSa hotA hai, malIna hotA hai lekina aMtara meM eka prakAza - eka AbhA phailatI hai jo hamAre roma-roma ko prakAzita karatI hai aura hamAre tapa kA prabhAmaMDala isa prakAra kA ho jAtA hai ki hama mAtra eka divya prakAza kA darzana karate haiM jisameM hama sirpha apane AtmA ke darzana karate haiM jo samasta vikAroM, vicAroM se nirbhAra hai / sallekhanA kA dhAraka niraMtara pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, vinaya, svAdhyAya aura bAraha bhAvanAoM kA smaraNa karatA huA karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai / aisI bhAvanAoM kA smaraNa hI isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki hameM kaSAyoM se mukta hokara yA una para vijaya prApta karake AtmA ko paramAtmA kI U~cAIyoM para le jAnA hai / ___ vartamAna pariprekSya meM hameM itanA avazya kahanA hai ki hama zrAvaka yA jaina hone ke nAte bhale hI Aja sallekhanA dhAraNa na kara sakeM paraMtu hamArI bhAvanA nitya prati yahI honI cAhie ki eka zrAvaka aura jaina hone ke nAte apane bhojana para saMyama dhAraNa kareM / bhakSyAbhakSya kA khyAla rakheM / vratopavAsa ke dvArA indriya-saMyama ko dhAraNa karate hue AMtarika saMyama kI ora bar3hane kA prayatna kareM / hama parimANa vrata ko dhAraNa karate hue sallekhanA kI bhAvanA ko bhAte raheM /

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paMjAba meM jaina dharma kA udbhava, prabhAva aura vikAsa Introduction - Rise of Jainism ____ yamunA taTa se khaibara, aura kAzmIra se siMdha taka phaile paMjAba pradeza kI bhUmi ko yaha zreya prApta hai ki yahA~ para pavitra vedoM kI racanA huI, vaidika kAla se pUrva kI siMdhu ghATI sabhyatA - haDappA mohanajodaDo (samaya IsA se 3000 varSa pUrva) kA vikAsa huA tathA isI bhUmi para pezAvara (prAcIna nAma puNDravardhana) meM khagola-gaNitajJa vyAkaraNAcArya pANinI (samaya 700 varSa IsA pUrva) kA janma huA / jahA~ Rgveda meM arhata RSabha, ajita va ariSTanemi kI stutiyA~ va ullekha milate haiM, vahI siMdhu-ghATI sabhyatA kI khudAI se sira para jaTAjUTavAlI arhat RSabha kI khaDe yoga (kAyotsarga) mudrA meM nagna, sirapara pA~ca phaNAvAlI sAtaveM tIrthaMkara arhata supArzva aura ziva (rudra)kI pASANa mUrtiyA~ tathA svastika cihna kI sIleM milI haiM / paMjAba ke vItabhaya pattana (vartamAna bherA pattana, pAkistAna) taka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vihAra kA ullekha zAstroM meM milatA hai / IsA kI 7vIM zatAbdI meM cInI yAtrI huenasAMga paMjAba meM jehalama jile ke kaTAsarAja (taba siMhapura-kaTAkSa) meM AyA aura yahA~ para deva maMdira (zvetAMbara jaina maMdira) hone kA ullekha kiyA / vijJapti-triveNI graMtha meM kAMgar3A (himAcala pradeza) meM atyanta prAcIna bhagavAna RSabhadeva va neminAtha ke maMdiroM ke hone kA ullekha milatA hai| vikrama kI 10vIM se 16vIM sadI taka mevAr3a, siMdha va rAjasthAna se jaina muniyoM ke sAtha paidala yAtrI saMgha kAMgaDA kI yAtrA ko Ate rahe / kAMgar3A ke pAsa hI baijanAtha (purAnA nAma kIragrAma) kA vikhyAta zivamaMdira to pUrA kA pUrA hI jaina maMdira ke bhagnAvazeSoM para khar3A hai| AcArya mahendrakumAra masta

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274 mahendrakumAra masta vardhamAnasUri ne nAdauna (hi.pra.)meM hI apane graMtha 'AcAra dinakarakI racanA 15vIM zatAbdI meM kI / ' sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ke hoziyArapura ke pAsa DholabAhA, naMdanavanapura (nAdauna), paMcapura (piMjaura), rohataka ke pAsa asthalabohara va kharakhaudA, nAranaula ke pAsa phirojapura-jhirakA, caMDIgar3ha kA prAcIna ziva maMdira, sAmAnA (jilA paTiyAlA), baThiNDA, kurukSetra-thAnasera, jIMda va hisAra Adi aneka sthAnoM se jaina mUrtiyA~ va cihna prApta kiye haiM / samrATa sampratine apane pitA kuNAla ke lie takSazilA (TaiksilA) meM eka jaina stUpa kA nirmANa karAyA thA jahA~ vartamAna meM pAkistAna sarakAra ne 'bhagna jaina Taimpala' kA borDa lagA rakhA hai / dillI ke kutubaminAra kI nIvoM kI murammata karAte samaya vahA~ se karIba 20 jaina mUrtiyA~ milI thIM / Notable Historical Events muslima zAsana ke bahuta thoDe se kAla ko choDakara, mahamUda gaz2anavI se auraMgaz2eba taka ke lambe samaya meM z2abaradastI dharma parivartana, maMdiroM-mUrtiyoM kA vidhvaMsa aura anya hara prakAra ke julama calate rahe / phira bhI, samrATa akabara se tAmrapatra para pharamAna lekara AcArya zIladevasUri ne vi. saM. 1643 (1586 AD) meM sAmAnA meM bhagavAna anaMtanAtha ke maMdira kI pratiSThA karAI / 'zrI anaMtanAtha prabhu prakaTeu, hukamu sAhi akabarI dIyau / / ' akabara ke hI kahane para cauthe dAdAguru zrI jinacaMdrasUri tathA AcArya hIravijayasUri donoM ne eka eka caumAsA lAhaura meM kiyA / tIsare dAdAguru zrI jinakuzalasUrijI kI puNyasthalI - derAUra (z2ilA bahAvalapura-pAkistAna) meM haiM / sAmAnA tathA thAnesara kI prAcIna dAdAvADiyA~ akabara ke samaya ke bAda kI haiN| isa pUre mugala kAla meM jaina yatiyoM (zrIpUjyoM) ne jaina parivAroM - zrAvakoM ke AcAra, dhArmika kriyAoM, paramparAoM va vidhi-vidhAna kI jI jAna se rakSA kI / vartamAna pAkistAna ke phraNTiyara sUbe sahita isa pUre kSetra meM unakA AnA-jAnA rahatA thA / zikhara-sahita tathA binA-zikharavAle maMdiroM kI pratiSThAe~ unhoMne karAI / ina yatiyoM ke dvArA lipibaddha jaina sUtra, zAstra va graMtha Aja eka anamola nidhi va virAsata haiN| paMjAba ke hara choTe-bar3e sthAna para yatiyoM ke Dere (upAzraya) the / phagavAr3A ke megha muni, gujarAMvAlA ke vasaMtA RSi, paTTI ke yati manasA caMda vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / pUre jaina kSetra ke zrAvakoM, yatiyoM aura muniyoM kA prabhAva-kSetra itanA vyApaka rahA ki zrI guru nAnakadeva dvArA racita sIkhoM ke pAvana graMtha 'sukhamaNi sAhiba' meM 'jaina mAraga saMjama ati sAdhana' - yaha gAthA Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / sIkhoM ke dasaveM guru zrI goviMdasiMhajI ke do choTe suputroM (umara 9 va 7 sAla) ko sarahiMda ke navAba vajIra khAnane baDI krUratA se mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA to sAmAnA meM janme osavAla gAdiyA gautrIya dIvAna ToDaramala jainane apanI jAna kI bAjI lagAkara bhI, svarNa mudrAoM ke badale jamIna prApta karake ina donoM sAhibajAdoM aura inakI dAdImA~ kA aMtima saMskAra karAyA / paMjAba ke pura jana 1

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paMjAba meM jaina dharma kA udbhava, prabhAva aura vikAsa - pichale do sau sAla meM hue jaina muniyoM meM pahalA nAma gaNi zrI buddhivijaya ( buTerAya ) jI kA hai / inhoMne sthAnakavAsI paramparA ko tyAgakara tapAgacchIya dIkSA lI / inake suvikhyAta ziSyoM ke nAma haiM AcArya vijayAnaMdasUri ( AtmArAma ), zrI vRddhivijaya ( vRddhicaMda) tathA gaNi muktivijaya (mUlacaMda ) ye tInoM bhI pUrva meM sthAnakavAsI sAdhu the / zrI buddhivijayajI evaM anya muniyoM ne aneka maMdiroM kI pratiSThAeM kraaiiN| isase Age ke krama meM haiM, mahAna prabhAvaka AcArya zrI vijayAnaMdasUri, prasiddha nAma AtmArAmajI (samaya IsavI sana 1836 se 1895) / pro. hArnela sahita aneka yuropIya vidvAnoM ne inakI vidvattA ko sarAhA hai / I. sa. 1893 meM zikAgo - amerikA meM honevAlI varlDa pArliyAmeMTa Apha rilijiyaMsa meM ve jaina dharma ke pratinidhi - DailigeTa aura isakI viSaya samiti ke sabhya cune gae the / cU~ki videza jAnA unake liye sambhava nahIM thA ataH taba apane sthAna para unhoMne bairisTara vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI ko vahA~ bhejA thA / paraMtu bhejane se pahale 6 mAsa taka jaina dharma ke vividha viSayoM kI zikSA dekara dakSa banAyA / pArliyAmenTa ke uparAnta vidvAna bairisTara ke yuropa tathA amerikA meM jaina tathA anya bhAratIya dharmadarzanoM para lagabhaga 532 laikcara hue the / ve prathama jaina the jinhoMne amerikA evaM yuropa meM jAkara jaina dharma ke siddhAMto kA pracAra karanA prAraMbha kiyA / AcArya vijayAnaMdasUri ne paMjAba evaM anya prAMtoM meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka jaina zrAvaka baDI saMkhyA meM banAe | zrAvakoM tathA sAdhu-sAdhvI dvArA upAsanA hetu nUtana jaina : maMdiroM kA nirmANa evaM purAne maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / unhoMne zikSA pracAra evaM prasAra ke lie sarasvatI maMdira banAne kA upadeza diyA / Persons/Treasury of Books/Creation of Jain Literature zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM 235 sAla bAda AcArya pada para AsIna honevAle zrI vijayAnaMdasUri (AtmArAmajI) uccakoTi ke vidvAna, vaktA, kavi, praNetA va dharmaguru the / inake dvArA racita graMtha atyanta vipula, pramANika, saMdarbhasahita, sArthaka akATya aura samayAnukUla | racita graMtha isa prakAra haiM - 1. zrI navatattva 2. zrI jaina tattvAdarza 3. ajJAna timira bhAskara 4. samyakatva zalyoddhAra 5. jaina mata vRkSa 6. caturtha stuti nirNaya- 1, 7. caturtha stuti nirNaya-2, 8. jaina dharma viSayaka praznottara, 9. tattva nirNaya prasAda, 10. cikAgo praznottara, 11. IsAI mata samIkSA, 12. jaina dharma kA svarUpa, 13. Atma bAvanI (padya), 14. stavanAvalI (padya), 15. zrI sattara bhedI pUjA (padya), 16. zrI vIsa sthAnaka pUjA (padya), 17. zrI aSTaprakArI pUjA (padya), 18. zrI snAtrapUjA (padya), 19. zrI navapada pUjA (padya). AcArya vijayAnaMdasUri kA sampUrNa kAvyasAhitya aba 'Atma- amRtasAra' graMtha ke rUpa meM chapa cukA hai / uparokta zrI vijayAnaMdasUrijI ke yogya paTTadhara zrI vijayavallabhasUri ( samaya I. sa. 1870 se 1954) kA nAma eka daidIpyamAna nakSatra kI taraha hai / paMjAba kA kSetra inakI karmabhUmi rahA tathA ye paMjAba kesarI kahalAe / paMjAba, rAjasthAna, gujarAta tathA mumbaI Adi meM gurukula, skUla, kAleja, mahilA

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276 mahendrakumAra masta vidyAlaya, borDiMga tathA yunivarsiTI kholane kA upadeza denevAle, jainoM ke cAroM saMpradAyoM meM ye sarvaprathama jaina AcArya the / mumbaI kA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya inhI kI dena hai, jinakI Aja 12 zAkhAeM haiN| aneka vidyArthiyoM ko ucca zikSA ke lie videza bhijavAyA / ____ paMjAba kI bhUmi ko upakRta karanevAlA agalA nAma hai mahattarA sAdhvI zrI mRgAvatIjI mahArAja kaa| ve laharA (z2IrA) ke gurudhAma tIrtha ke praNetA tathA zrI vallabha smAraka dillI kI Adyapreraka thI / kA~gaDA (hi.pra.) meM ATha mahine rahakara sarakArI adhikAra meM rahI AdIzvara prabhu kI pratimA kI pUjA va AratI kA adhikAra prApta kiyA / Apako kA~gaDA tIrthoddhArikA kahA jAtA hai / sana 1986 meM zrI vallabha smAraka para hI Apa kA devaloka gamana huA / Treasury of Scriptures/Books paMjAba ke prAya: sabhI nagaroM ke jaina maMdiroM, upAzrayoM va yatiyoM ke DeroM meM ucca zreNI ke zAstra tathA hastalikhita zAstra-bhaNDAra the / gurudevoM ke upadeza se sabhI sthAnoM ke hastalikhita va priMTeDa graMthabhaNDAra aba zrI vijaya vallabha smAraka - dillI meM avasthita bhogIlAla laheracaMda insTiTyUTa oNpha inDolojI meM saMgRhIta evaM surakSita haiM tathA zodhArthiyoM ke kAma A rahe haiM / DaoN. banArasIdAsa jaina ne kaI sthAnoM ke sUtroM-zAstroM ke sUcipatra taiyAra karake paMjAba yunivarsiTI, lAhora se prakAzita karavAye the / Creation of Jain Literature/Persons paMjAba Adi kSetroM ke jaina yatiyoM, zrAvako, AkAoM va muniyoM ne aneka jaina graMtha, zAstra va sUtra lipibaddha kiye| vaidyaka, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, kathA, paMcataMtra tathA paidala vihAroM kA vivaraNa Adi aneka viSayoM para samRddha sAhitya kI racanA kI / yatiyoM dvArA racita vi. saM. 1484 kA yoginIpura (dilhI) meM upAdhyAya dharmacaMda kA 'zrIpAla caritra' bahuta purAnA kahA jA sakatA hai / sAmAnA ke bhaNDAra kA svarNAkSarI kalpasUtra bhI apanI taraha kI anupama kRti hai / ye sabhI (kaI haz2Ara) kRtiyA~ bhI aba vijaya vallabha smAraka- dillI meM haiN| AcArya vijayAnaMdasUri (AtmArAmajI) aura unake ziSya AcArya vijaya vallabhasUri ne apanI gadya va padya racanAoM ke liye rASTrabhASA hiMdI ko apanAyA / vijaya vallabhasUrijI ne aneka baDI pUjAoM kI racanA kI / 'vallabha kAvya sudhA' meM unake stavana, pada, sajjhAya, bhajana Adi chapa cuke haiM / unakI gadya racanAoM meM 'bhIma jJAna triMzikA', 'gappa dIpikA samIra', 'jaina bhAnu' tathA viziSTa racanA 'navayuga nirmAtA' Adi hai / mAladevasari vikrama kI 16vIM sadI meM hae / inake do-tIna cAtarmAsa caNDIgar3ha ke pAsa piMjaura meM hue / ye uccakoTi ke kavi the / saMskRta, prAkRta, rAjasthAnI va hiMdI meM inakI aneka kRtiyA~ haiM / yati megharAja (phagavADA) kI aneka racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / meghamAlA, megha vinoda, gopIcanda kathA, dAnazIla tapa bhAvanA, prAta:maMgala pATha caubIsI, piMgala zAstra, megha vilAsa tathA megha muhUrta / kavi harajasa rAya (kasUra) : ye osavAla gAdiyA gautrIya zrAvaka the / inakI racanAe~ - guru guNa

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paMjAba meM jaina dharma kA udabhava. prabhAva aura vikAsa ratnamAlA (1865), sImaMdhara svAmIchaMda (1865), devAdhideva racanA tathA deva racanA (1870) haiM / kavi khuzIrAma dUgaDa (gujarAMvAlA) kI 25 ke karIba kAvyaracanAe~ upalabdha haiM / guru vijayAnaMda bAraha mAsA, ciTThI guru AtmArAma ke nAma tathA jar3acetana bArahamAsA bahuta prasiddha haiM / / kavi caMdulAla (mAlerakoTalA) kI kavitAoM va padoM ke chaH saMgraha chapa cUke haiM / zrI vijayAnaMdasUrijI ke pratyeka Ayojana, dIkSA pratiSThA, Adi ke unameM varNana haiM / ___ kavi pherU kA janma kanInA (bhivAnI) ke DhaDDA osavAsa kula meM huA / IsavI 1290 se 1315 taka kI inakI ucca koTi kI aneka kAvyaracanAe~ upalabdha haiM / svayaM ko parama jaina aura pheru ThAkura likhate the / alAuddIna khilajI ke darabAra meM sammAna pAyA / kavi (yati) munilAla (sirasA) kI I. 1580 se 1640 taka kI 31 kAvyaracanAe~ milatI haiM / paMjAbI bhASA meM sAhitya : hAla hI meM kAlerakoTalA nivAsI zrI puruSottama jaina evaM zrI ravIndra jaina ne paMjAbI bhASA meM 14 jaina sUtroM ke rUpAntara paMjAbI meM taiyAra kiye haiM tathA aneka viSayoM para racanAe~ bhI likhi haiM / / anya lekhaka : . sarasa kAvyaracanA, gIta, bhajana, kavitAe~ va Tappe Adi likhanevAloM ke kucha anya nAma isa prakAra ___ hakIma mAnakacanda (rAmanagara), zobhArAma osavAla (jammU), dasauMdhI rAma (rAyakoTa), sundaralAla botharA (jIrA), muni tilakavijaya paMjAbI, upAdhyAya vIravijayajI, muni vimalavijayajI, muni zivavijaya paMjAbI, vRjalAla nAhara (hoziyArapura), Izvara dAsa (hoziyArapura), sAbara, mohanalAla, ciraMjIlAla, paMDita (pro.) rAmakumAra jaina, kapUracaMda munhAnI, devarAja munhAnI, sadArAma (sAmAnA), 'sAgaracaMda (sAmAnA), nAz2ara caMda sAmAnavI (caMDIgar3ha) vartamAna meM mahendrakumAra masta - paMcakUlA (caMDIgar3ha), suzIla jaina riMda (dillI) tathA gulazana kumAra jaina (caMDIgar3ha) / graMtha racanA va lekhna : ___ sthAnakavAsI AcAryavarya zrI AtmArAma jI dvArA ludhiyAnA meM saMpAdita vizAla Agama sAhitya apane Apa meM advitIya kahA jA sakatA hai / paMjAba kI bhUmi para graMthoM kI racanA, paMDita zrI hIrAlAla jI dUgaDa ne kI hai / lagabhaga 40 graMtha aura aneka nibandha inhoMne likhe haiM / prophaisara pRthvIrAja jaina (ambAlA) ne aneka upayogI va pramANika graMtha likhe haiM / pichale lagabhaga do dazakoM meM zrI vIrendra kumAra jaina (dillI) ne bhI aneka lekha, racanAe~ tathA kitAbeM likhI haiM / .. variSTha lekhaka va kavi : vartamAna meM zrI mahendrakumAra masta, pUre kSetra meM variSThatama lekhaka va kavi ' haiM / aneka sAmAjika, dhArmika va aitihAsika viSayoM para inakI racanAe~ sana 1954 se nirantara, jaina

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278 mahendrakumAra masta patrikAoM tathA hiMdI va aMgrejI ke dainika patroM meM chapa rahI haiM / graMtha 'Atma amRtasAra' kA sRjana va saMpAdana inhoMne hI kiyaa| digambara jaina samAja : isa kSetra meM ambAlA kaiMTa, jagAdharI, caMDIgar3ha, jAlandhara kaiMTa, phirojapura, pAnIpata, rohataka, bhivAnI, hAMsI va hisAra Adi nagaroM meM digambara jainoM kI paryApta AbAdI hai / udyoga, vyApAra, zikSA, UMce sarakArI pada tathA rAjanItika kSetra meM samAja kI majabUta pakaDa haiM / munirAjoM ke vihAra bhI hote . rahate haiN| ___ hAMsI ke kile se milI 27 jaina mUrtiyA~, aba vahA~ ke digambara maMdira meM zobhAyamAna haiM / rAnIlA gA~va - hAMsI ke samIpa meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI vizAla mUrti prApta huI thii| rAnIlA aba eka tIrtha bana gayA hai| ___lAlA hukamacaMda jaina jo hAMsI ke eka baDe jAgIradAra the unheM san 1857 ke svataMtratA saMgrAma meM bhAga lene ke kAraNa aMgrejoMne phAMsI para laTakA diyA thA / Philanthropist lAlA gaMgArAma (ambAlA), gopIcaMda eDavokeTa (ambAlA), maMgatarAma (ambAlA), mAnakacaMda choTelAla dUgaDa (gujarAMvAlA), pyArAlAla rAya sAheba (gujarAMvAlA), lAlA gujaramala va daulatarAma (hoziyArapura), lAlA khairAyatIlAla jaina (dillI), lAlA rAmalAla indralAla (dillI), lAlA ratanacaMda rikhabadAsa (dillI), lAlA dInAnAtha devarAja (dillI), lAlA makanalAla pyArelAla munhAnI (dillI), lAlA lAbhacaMda rAjakumAra (pharIdAbAda), lAlA suMdaralAla zAMtilAla jaina (dillI), lAlA sadArAma jaina (sAmAnA), lAlA cUnIlAla (amRtasara), lAlA nemadAsa bI.e. (ambAlA), lAlA jasavaMta rAya dharmacaMda (dillI), zrI javAharalAla osavAla (ludhiyAnA), zrI abhayakumAra osavAla (ludhiyAnA), zAMti svarUpa jaina (hoziyArapura), bIracaMda rAjakumAra jaina (ena ke - dillI), devendra kumAra narendrakumAra (kosko - dillI), cAMda prakAza jaina (jaNDiyAlA - guru), zrI komala kumAra jaina (DyUka - ludhiyAnA), zrI rAjakumAra jaina (jAlandhara), DaoN. sudeza kumAra jaina (sAmAnA), zrI rameza kumAra jaina (svAstika - ludhiyAnA), zrI rajanIza jaina (jaMDiyAlA-guru), zrI navalacaMda mohanalAla jaina (gAz2iyAbAda), kazamIrIlAla jaina (ludhiyAnA) / Festivals & Celebrations : sUrya-paMcAMga ke anusAra, sUrya dvArA hara mAsa eka rAzi se dUsarI rAzi meM praveza (saMkramaNa) hone ko uttara bhArata meM isa nae mahIne kA prAraMbha yAnI saMkrAMti parva kahA jAtA hai / nae mahIne kA pahalA nAma kisI gurudeva ke mukhAraviMda se sunanA zubha mAnA jAtA hai / hara mAsa yaha saMkrAMti aba eka viziSTa parva bana gayA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra jayaMtI, gurudevoM kI jayaMtI, paryuSaNa parva, dazalakSaNI parva, saMvatsarI pratikramaNa,

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paMjAba meM jaina dharma kA udabhava, prabhAva aura vikAsa rathayAtrA, maMdira kI vArSika dhvajA, tIrtha yAtrAe~, divAlI nava varSa, jJAnapaMcamI, kArtika pUnama - ye dhArmika Ayojana hote rahate haiM / utsavoM meM lohar3I, holI, vasaMta paMcamI, vaizAkhI, guru pUrNimA, zrAvaNI tIja, rakSAbandhana, ananta caudaza, navarAtre, dasaharA, karavAcautha, ahoI aSTamI, bhAIdUja Adi vyAvahArika jIvana ke aMga hai / ___ uttara bhArata meM jainoM ke kucha prAdezika vArSika mele bhI lagate haiM / caitra sudi-1 ko laharA-jIrA (paMjAba) meM zrI vijayAnaMdasUri gurudhAma melA, kA~gar3A tIrtha para holI (trayodazI) kI yAtrA va melA, hastinApura tIrtha para holI milana melA, akSayatIja pAraNA melA va kArtika pUnama melA - lagate haiN| zrI vallabhasmAraka - dillI meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha jayaMtI (poSa va. 10) ko bar3A melA tathA prathama aktUbara ko mAtA padmAvatI kI yAda meM vizAla bhakti saMdhyA Ayojita hotI hai / mAtA cakrezvarI deva tIrtha - sarahiMda (paMjAba) meM Asoja meM vArSika melA va nava varSa melA bahuta vikhyAta hai / naMkodara (paMjAba) meM bhI mAtA cakrezvarI devI kA vArSika utsava manAyA jAtA hai / dillI kI bar3I va choTI dAdAvAr3I ke bhavya vArSika Ayojana bhI darzanIya haiM / Place of Jain Pilgrimage & Monuments 1. hastinApura tIrtha parisara meM advitIya 151 phUTa U~cA zrI aSTApada maMdira jo bhagavAna RSabha deva kI nirvANa kalyANaka sthalI kI pratikRti hai. bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA pAraNA maMdira, tIna tIrthaMkaroM ke 12 kalyANakoM bhagavAna zrI zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha tathA arahanAtha kA mukhya maMdira tathA jaMbUdvIpa racanA Adi. kalAtmaka zrI vallabha smAraka bhavya prAsAda va mAtA padmAvatI maMdira, dillI dillI kI choTI dAdAvAr3I evaM maharolI sthita dAdA jinacaMdrasUri 'maNidhArIjI' kA 900 varSa purAnA samAdhi sthala hai / kaurava-pANDava yugIna ati prAcIna tIrtha kA~gar3A - kilA ke jaina maMdara rAnIlA, bhagavAna AdinAtha atizaya maMdira (digambara) mAtA padmAvatI va dharaNendra deva kA prAkaTya sthala, zrI pArzvanAtha tIrtha ahicchatrA - rAmanagara kilA (barelI) zrI ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha bhavya maMdira, haridvAra 8. lagabhaga 400 varSa purAnA mAtA zrI cakrezvarI devI tIrtha, sarahiMda gurudhAma, laharA tIrtha - z2IrA (paMjAba) jammU, ludhiyAnA, caNDIgar3ha, ambAlA zahara, sAmAnA, amRtasara, jagAdharI, pharIdAbAda, gur3agAMva, gAz2iyAbAda, meraTha, bar3auta, hoziyArapura Adi ke bhavya jaina maMdira , 11. digambara jaina lAla maMdira, dillI 12. ahiMsA sthala maharolI, dillI. 2

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280 mahendrakumAra masta 10. Jain Institutes 1. ambAlA zahara ke 5 jaina hAIskUla evaM 2 kAleja 2. ludhiyAnA ke 3 jaina hAIskUla, 1 gurukula, 1 kAleja 3. jaina bhAratI mRgAvAtI vidyAlaya evaM je. ema. vI. narsarI skUla, dillI 4. paMjAba ke prAyaH sabhI zaharoM meM calanevAle jaina hAIskUla digambara samAja kA 'DAlacaMda jaina kAleja, phirojapura' 6. bhogIlAla laheracaMda insTiTyUTa oNpha inDolojI, dillI zrI jinendra gurukula, paMcakUlA 8. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 9. kuMda-kuMda bhAratI (digambara), dillI vijaya vallabha vizAla prAcIna graMtha bhaMDAra, dillI 11. saMgrahAlaya jaina ArTa eNDa kalcara, dillI 12. zrI Atmavallabha jaina kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, zrI gaMgAnagara 13. zrI Atmavallabha jaina insTiTyUTa oNpha TeknaoNlojI eNDa mainejamenTa, phAjilkA (paMjAba) 14. paMjAba ke aneka nagaroM meM dhArmika pAThazAlAe~ Public Service Outlets 1. ludhiyAnA kA zrI vijayAnanda jaina ceriTebala DAyagnosTika seMTara . 2. ambAlA zahara meM jagatUmala jaina phrI auSadhAlaya 3. ambAlA nagara, sAmAnA, ludhiyAnA, dillI va anya zaheroM meM zrI saMghoM dvArA calAe jA rahe DeMTala, AI, Ayurvedika yA homiyopaithika yA klInikalaseMTara 4. dillI zAhadarA kA vizAla zrI vijayAnaMdasUri niHzulka pakSI cikitsAlaya Impact of Jains on Rulers 1. paMjAba meM sikha sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka mahArAjA raNajIta siMha ke khaz2AnA maMtrI kA pada hamezA hI rAmanagara ke jaina osavAloM ke pAsa rahA / 2. sarahiMda ke navAba vaz2Ira khAna ne jamInI mAmaloM (Revenue) ke liye zrI ToDaramala jaina gAdiyA osavAla ko apane pAsa dIvAna niyukta kiyA huA thA / sAmAnA ke seTha sakhIdAsa jauharI, gAdiyA osavAla, vahA~ ke navAboM kI beTiyoM ke vivAhoM para jevara/nagadI kI bheMTa avazya bhejate the /

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paMjAba meM jaina dharma kA udbhava, prabhAva aura vikAsa 281 4. dasaveM guru goviMdasiMhajI ne jaba khAlasA phauja kA sRjana kiyA to bIkAnera Adi se jo osavAla mahAjana unakI senA meM zAmila hue, ve bAda meM paMjAba meM siddha yA saMdhu kahalAye / 5. sAmAnA kI mUrtipUjaka birAdarI ko mahArAjA paTiyAlA dvArA kahe jAne para vahA~ ke gurudvArA kA sampUrNa jIrNoddhAra sthAnIya prema sabhA ke sAtha 1945 meM karAyA / satya evaM ahiMsA ke pujArI hone ke nAte paMjAba meM zatakoM se jaina loga bhAvaDe (bhAva bar3e) kahalAte the / aneka galI evaM bAjAra, jahA~ jaina loga rahate the athavA vyApAra karate the, aba bhI galI athavA bAjAra bhAvaDyAM kahalAte haiN| gAMdhIjI ke AvAhana para paMjAba ke aneka jaina jeloM meM gae tathA bahutoM ne sArI Ayu khAdI hI phnii| kA~gar3A (hi.pra.) ke zAsaka rAjA zurU se hI jaina dharma ke prati udAra va zraddhAlu rahe haiM / inake pUrvaja rAjA suzarmacaMdra ne kA~gar3A kilA meM bhagavAna AdinAtha va neminAtha kA maMdira banavAyA thaa| 9. nAbhA ke rAjA hIrAsiMha tathA mAlerakoTalA ke muslima navAba hamezA hI AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUri ke darzanoM ko Ate rahe / Inter-relations paMjAba ke jainoM meM osavAloM va khaMDelavAloM meM ApasI roTI-beTI kA vyavahAra karIba 80-90 sAla pahale zurU huaa| paraMtu agravAla jainoM ke sAtha isa vyavahAra kI kozizeM abhI cala rahI hai / ucca zikSA dvArA U~ce padoM aura globala naukariyoM para pahu~canevAle naI pIr3hI ke yuvaka-yuvatiyoM meM aba kahIM-kahIM antarjAtIya vivAha bhI hone lage haiM / samAja kI hI sImAoM meM zAdI karane ke lie aba mandiramArgI yA sthAnakavAsI kA koI bheda nahIM raha gayA hai / Conclusion . . ____ jahA~ AcArya vijayavallabhasUrijI ne maMdiramArgI samAja ko saMgaThana, zikSA aura madhyama-varga-utkarSa kA sthAyI saMdeza diyA, vahIM sthAnakavAsI samAja ko bhI vartamAna AcArya (DaoN.) zivamunijI mahArAjazikSA, sahaastitva evaM dhArmika udAratA kA bodha de rahe haiM / - udyoga, vyApAra, svAsthya va ucca zikSA tathA sArvajanika sevA ke nae AyAma banAte hue paMjAba kA pUrA jaina samAja aba anya pradezoM ke jaina-jainetara samAjoM ke sAtha kaMdhA va kadamatAla milAte hue pragatizIla haiN|

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35 N. P. Jain Universal Relevance of Jain Religion Globalisation is the buzz word in contemporary times given the communications revolution and the shrinking of time of space thanks to rapid strides in computer technology. The resultant opening up of knowledge-sharing in economic, political, cultural, philosophical and holistic spheres has brought us closer to becoming global citizens without losing national, ethnic or spiritual affiliations. Increasing Inter-faith cooperation and understanding has served to highlight that world religion and faiths have many common concepts despite differences in religious rituals, customs or geographical or historical linkages. It is in this context that there is in witness an increasing inquisitiveness to know about Jain religion and philosophy. It is more so because unlike some other religions, Jain religion is not a proselytising religion. Anyone can follow its principal concepts without formally becoming an adherent to Jain religion. The principles have a universal relevance. AHIMSA - A Supreme religion Jain religion is one of world's oldest religions dating back in origin to several centuries B.C. It is the only religion which has enshrined Non-violence (AHIMSA) at the highest pedestal of Supreme Religion. The renowned American Cosmologist Carl Sagan has observed that perhaps Jain religion is the

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Universal Relevance of Jain Religion 283 only religion in the world whish has recognised 'RIGHT TO LIFE' for all living beings. The starting point for Jain concept of AHIMSA is succinctly expressed in Jain holy scriptures as 'PARASPAROPGRAHA JEEVANAM' meaning that all life in this universe is interdependent and intertwined. Man may regard himself as a superior living being compared to other life-forms in terms of heightened sense of sensitivity, logic, reasoning, wisdom, sensibilities and communicating abilities. But he ultimately owes his survival, existence and progress to the contributory role of other living beings as well as live natural elements of environment around us. The Jain concept of Ahimsa (non-violence) applies not only to perception as a philosophical concept, but also to understanding as well as translating it into day-to-day life ethics. It has, in fact, deeply impacted the age-old Indian cultural and holistic thought in terms of espousal of tolerance, compassion and kindness towards all. Influenced in his early youth by the teachings of Jain Guru Shrimad Rajchandra, Mahatma Gandhi intuitively gathered the courage to resort to non-violent passive resistance (which later came to be called 'SATYAGRAHA' meaning 'advocating peacefully a just truthful cause') in his early struggle against Apartheid in South Africa. He was practising as a barrister there, Blacks and Browns were, at the height of apartheid forbidden to travel in First Class in trains. Gandhi mustered the courage to travel challenging the ban, but was thrown out of the railway compartment. The incident became historic as it highlighted the courage of Non-violent. On coming to India, Gandhi decided to lunch a peaceful nonviolent struggle against the British colonial rule. He rallied the masses for peaceful protest against colonial exploitation. Eventually the world witnessed the victory of non-violence through its successful experiment in India's gaining freedom from Britain without resorting to violence. Martin Luther King was deeply inspired by Gandhi's experiment of nonviolence and adopted it in leading a successful struggle of non-violent mass protest against racial discrimination after a visit to India in 1959 for discussions with Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi's inspiration is visible at Martin Luther King's Centre in Atlanta with statue of Mahatma Gandhi right at the entrance of the Memorial and inside the Gandhi's room. In today's world, relevance of Ahimsa has been universally felt. The world is tormented by ever-increasing escalation of violence in personal, social, national and global situations with unbridled terrorism emerging as a demon-face of violence, Increasing intolerance, hatred and ego together with economic and social exploitation is highly destablising the society. Religions are tending to be ritualistic as well as fanatic and dogmatic. This has put in

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284 N. P. Jain sharp focus that non-violent behaviour and methods could be the only endurable recipe for stable peace and protection of all civilisational values and moral concepts world-wide. Jain way of life has inspired this thought with increasing global impact. Jain Religion - A Religion of Environment Jain concept of Ahimsa also makes Jain religion a religion of environment. Renowned Jain Tirthankar Lord Mahavir who lived six centuries B.C. preached : 'One who ignores the existence of earth, water, fire, wind and greenery ignores one's own existence which is intertwined with all these vital elements in an inextricable web of mutual interdependence.' The world is facing highly disturbing environmental degradation manifest in the vanishing of many species of birds and beasts, disturbing climate changes, deforestation and merciless slaughter of innocent animals in slaughter houses. JEEVA DAYA (kindness towards all forms of life) advocated by Jain religion becomes highly relevant for the world at large.. Vegetarianism - Logical and ethical dimension of non-violence Jain philosophy of JEEV DAYA (Compassion for all forms of life) rightly advocates adoption of vegetarianism as an ethical concept - as an integral part of its non-violent method of living. A research study has shown that in recent years precisely on health as well as ethical ground, adherence to vegetarian and vegan diet is increasing in USA with close to 50 Million adherents. Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein were both converts to vegetarianism. The famous words of Bernard Shaw still widely quoted are : 'I am a vegetarian because I detest the idea of making my stomach a graveyard of innocent animals and species.' Steve Jobs, the most outstanding computer genius also turned vegetarian when he came to India for meditation and self-realisation. In Jain philosophy the concept and practice of AHIMSA includes in its fold the vital concepts of APARIGRAHA and ANEKANT. Together these three provide a Jain model of non-violence which can be practised in day-today life both at individual as well as community levels. In fact the three concepts woven together define what I would like to describe as a 'Jain art of living' APARIGRAHA 'Aparigraha' (non-possession and non-attachment) is a recipe to gain freedom from ever-escalating wants and material desires, temptations of acquisition and possessiveness. Practice of restraint in consumption has become vital in modern times. Over-consumption as well as wasteful

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Universal Relevance of Jain Religion 285 consumerism in this age of consumption is taking a heavy toll on human health through manifestation of diseases like obesity, diabetes and so on. Mahatma Gandhi's famous words define Aparigraha beautifully : 'Live by need and not greed. Take from the Earth what you need. Earth will them be able to serve and support living beings longer.' Lord Mahavir - the 24th and last Tirthankar (Path finder) of Jain religion preached : One who has conquered unhappiness Gains freedom from attachment. One who has conquered attachment Gains freedom form desires. One who has conquered desires Becomes full of equanimity The great Indian sage Kundkundacharya observers in holy scripture 'SAMAYSAAR' : Howsover much you might consume, the urge and craving for more never leaves you much like the insect which goes on sucking contaminated blood till he dies.' Anekant - Promoting synthesis The Principle of ANEKANT advocates approach of relativity in thinking and doctrine of manifold aspects of Truth is multifaceted as seen by individuals and communities in differing circumstances, environment and experiences. Intolerance and hostility is generated when one regards his version of truth as absolute. ANEKANT approach advocates peaceful coexistence among different interpretations of truth. A very simple example is a person is a son to someone, but a father or uncle or husband to others. To promote durable understanding, it is essential to harmonize related interpretations of facts, situations and events. Indeed the modern theory of Relativity' is based on the same assumptions as the doctrine of Anekant. Anekant approach can build synthesis and cooperation in place of hostility and conflict. The philosophy of Anekant is highly relevant in modern times - when political, ideological, economic, social and religious fanaticism and intolerance are destroying civilisational values and the fabric of stable peace and harmony. Jain religious text Dwastrishtika beautifully portrays the attribute of

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286 N. P. Jain synthesis inherent in Anekant and relates it to the fundamental thought in Jain religion namely 'VASTU SWABHAVO DHARMA' - This means that the root to truth is to grasp the total nature of any substance. It is important to know that in Jain philosophy, the key to understanding this is the grasping of the need to work towards attaining a truly rational (SAMYAK) outlook. SAMYAK DARSHANA (Rational Perception), SAMYAK GYAN (Rational Knowledge) and SAMYAK CHARITRA (Rational Conduct) constitute together the foundation of Jain religion from which Anekant flows out logically. The emphasis is on not merely acquired rational perception and knowledge about universe and creation, but rationally practising it in day-today life. First practise then preach. Significance of Shraman Sanskriti That is how Jain religion and for that matter Buddhist religion are in a special category of 'Shraman Sanskriti' i.e. effort culture. This principle has universal relevance in today's world - so full of uncertainties, emergencies, stress and conflicts. For eternal or even internal happiness one has to make effort oneself. It is interesting that Jain religion does not recognise any GOD sitting in heaven running this world. One can not solve one's problems in the struggle of life by dreaming of God's blessings, kindness and miracles. The world is created and is running with an integrated existence and interrelation between six fundamental elements (DRAVYAS). JIVA (the animate souls), AJIV (inanimate and non-soul), PUDGAL (Matter), AKASHA (Space) and KALA (Time). While talking about universal relevance of Jainism, I feel it is essential to grasp this root philosophy which is highly scientific and precise in analysing the factors behind creation and running of the universe. Effort culture is necessary if we desire to lead a noble life, based on self reliance, indulge in just and rightful activities and then move onwards towards the ideal of liberation of one's soul from the endless cycle of birth and death. One has to go through - may be several incarnations in the process of birth and death and depending on your deeds, you would eventually get liberation of your soul from earthly bondage. Concluding observation Thus universal relevance of Jain religion lies not only in its being a compassionate art of living but also being a spiritual path for the liberation of your soul. At a time when need of reviving Ethical values in the world are gaining ground, Jain approach could offer inspiring thought and conduct

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Universal Relevance of Jain Religion pattern inextricably integrated and interlinked. While Hindu and Buddhist religions moved out of India in earlier centuries, Jain religion did not because of its austere practices prohibiting saints to travel except on foot and stringent food & conduct restrictions and abstentions. However beginning with 19th century and much more so in the 20th century, Jain businessmen, doctors, engineers and others started locating themselves abroad in Africa, U.K., U.S.A., Singapore, Hongkong etc. Today they are practically found in major cities in all the continents. In a way they have provided a glimpse of Jain way of life in terms of being vegetarians, and being active on inter-faith cooperation front for humanitarian and compassionate causes. 287 As early as 1853 Jain religion was represented at the First Parliament of World's Religions. Later in 1993, at the second Parliament of World's Religion held again at Chicago, a Jain delegation comprising 20 saints, scholars and social activist represented Jain religion and brought home its universal relevance. I happened to be one of them who were also on the drafting committee for a Global Ethics Declaration. And we were successful in this declaration recognising that non-violence constitutes the bedrock of world. ethics. numerous Jain temples, in various countries and in considerable measure in USA and Canada. More than these places of worship where Jain pray regularly, increasing universal relevance is being realised of the Jain art of living and ethical way of life in terms of taking to the path of Ahimsa, Anekant and Aparigraha in an integrated and earnest manner to the extent feasible in one's circumstances. Such an approach promotes peace and understanding within the family and community as well as different nations.

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36 Dawoodbhai Ghanchi Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century Nature of Education : Education is a transformative process that is designed to bring about desired change in the personality and behavior of the educand, namely the learner who passes through the process, which may happen with or without the intervention of the educator, i. e. the teacher. The change would be in proportion to the deliberate, measured inputs provided during the process by the enabler, namely the educator comprising a human agent or a system or an agency like the physical, technological, or socio-cultural infrastructure. In fact, over centuries, education has developed into a complex, multifactor process. It is no longer a simple linear process, entirely controlled by a human teacher passing on bits of information to the recipient learner. In the modern context, therefore, education as a process functions at multiple levels trying to bring about change in the multifaceted personality of the learner through the operation of multiple factors, forces, tools etc. And so education has become an elaborate, comprehensive endeavour aimed at changing the personality of the learner for better. It is intensively laboured, it being a labour intensive activity, is meticulously planned and almost superdesigned. After all, modern education is tremendously influenced and shaped by the contemporary world scenario which itself is a conglomerate of diverse forces like politics, socio-cultural life styles, economy,

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289 Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century arts, religion, entertainment, advancements in the fields of science and technology and myriad other factors. Education in the modern age of rapid changes including the powerful change agent of globalization at all levels, thus, has got a new role to play shaping the personality of the learner and its interaction with other domains like society and environment. It is the role as a synergizing agent for the chief three domains of the personality and life of the learner. They are as follows. 1. The personal, private domain of life of the individual learner is motivated by a spectrum of needs of development. Abraham Maslow, the renowned American psychologist, through his famous pyramid of hierarchy of basic needs, has listed five fundamental needs that impel the individual learner to undertake his learning adventure. They are as under :: (a) Physical needs of existence like food, nutrition, shelter, health, exercise, rest, medication etc. (b) Security needs like freedom from danger, fear, hazards etc. (c) Social needs like family life, friendship, community life, sense of affection, of acceptance and belonging. Ego needs like feeling of worth and self-importance, leadership, position of power etc. Selfactualisation needs including desire for personal fulfillment, realization of one's potential, satisfaction of one's aspirations and expectations - moral, spiritual and even divine. The social domain in which the learner individual lives, operates, and enjoys the fruit of his involvement in life and its myriad other pursuits and activities. 3. The global, general, environmental domain including nature on one hand, and on the other, the vast manmade environment of the world all around. The triple synergy to be developed, nurtured and sustained through a comprehensive, relevant and competent educational input is a huge task modern education has to perform at all levels of education, primary, secondary, higher and professional special type of education. The Nature of Synergy: As a rule, every system, be it a biological one, or a physical one or a social one or whatever it be, must be a synthesized, harmonized, integrated and balanced entity by itself. Take for example, the human personality of a student. It consists of various parts and constituents like the body, mind, spirit, soul, attitudes, beliefs, habits etc. All these

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290 Dawoodbhai Ghanchi components must be so organically integrated with one another as to give rise to what is known as the WHOLE MAN. He will be a balanced self-contained person who will be competent to function in workaday life highly productively and satisfactorily. Such a person, then, plays his various roles to the satisfaction of himself as well as of the society. This is what Shakespeare indicated in his famous lines as under: All the world is a stage, And all the men and women merely players, They have their exits and entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts. Education must equip every learner with capacities, skills, abilities and world view to act his designated part well. Only a solidly synergized person would be capable of playing such challenging role. Similarly, the social domain which includes the family, community, neighbourhood, friends, and umpteen number of socio-cultural bodies, formal and nonformal, is to be internally woven in a web with all parts harmonized I through intricate weaving .Externally, the social domain has to be synergized with the two other domains, namely individual and global, into in an intricate maze.. The global environmental domain, in which the individual lives and his social domain get inhered in, is a much complex entity. It too will have to develop intra synergy as well as inter synergy with the other two domains. Obviously, the hub of the triple web is the individual, the chief player on the stage of life. Education, therefore, will have to focus its impact on him and through him on the social and global domains. Realizing and sustaining this triple synergy is, thus, a unique and intricately artistic function of modern education. The Process of Synergisation: The structure of modern education as an enterprise as well as a transformative process thus consists of three layers, namely, the individual learner, his society and the global environment, in which both operate. As stated earlier, each operates at two levels. One, it operates solo as an entity by itself in which capacity it must develop and sustain its intra synergy. It should. for example, maintain its own health, vigour, capability and sustainability. Two, it should develop interrelationship, interplay and interdependence with the other two layers. Such perfect inter and intra compatibility should be continually developed and sustained for the educational investment to be maximally productive. To ensure such multilayer functioning, specific educational inputs will be

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Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century 291 2. required. Here is given a brief suggestive mechanism for such operation. This suggestive procedure is applicable to all stages of education, i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary, etc. (A) The Process for the Individual Domain : The individual is the prime mover of the triple synergy. He is a growing human person. He has to be involved in numerous formative educational experiences appropriate for his age, as also for the type of education he has to receive. The chief areas of development of his personality are as under. 1. Physical, bodily needs of health, energy, nutrition, wellness, productivity, protection against hazards like diseases, addictions, accidents etc. Psychological need s of developing specific faculties like mental health, reasoning, thinking, memorizing, decision making, communicating verbally as well as nonverbally, acquiring and mastering language skills etc. 3. Emotional needs like developing emotional balance and composure, acquiring traits and qualities of compassion, empathy, righteous indignation at evils, coping skills etc. 4. Social development needs like developing team spirit, making friends, taking leadership role, organizing mobilization, helping the needy in different ways, even at personal cost etc. 5. Cultural development needs through cultivation of tastes, refined aesthetics, appreciating beauty, rhythm and delightfulness, taking active interest in arts, recreation pursuits etc. 6. Moral, ethical and spiritual needs, developing desirable values, developing a proactive moral and civic character, standing for a noble cause etc. Technological skills for a productive, gainful and meaningful career for personal satisfaction as well as social contribution to the welfare of the community, developing entrepreneurship and risk taking and innovative behaviour. In essence, there will be a concerted, well-focussed and pointedly targeted educational programme to harness the development process on all counts simultaneously to build up a holistic architecture of different dimensions of the individual's personality which would ultimately shape an integrated all round personality of the individual. It is such a beautifully and delicately sculpted personality that would meet the criteria Shakespeare laid down to call him MAN, the unique product of nature. Here are his words :

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292 Dawoodbhai Ghanchi What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculties! In action, how like an angel! In apprehension, how like a god! To ensure interdimensional synergy with the two other domains, namely social and global domains, various suitable tasks and experiences will have to be identified and offered to help the individual develop such capacities and traits as would embed his personality in the vast and variegated landscape of society in particular and global life in general. As a result there would emerge a sort of symphony of the interplay by the actors namely the individual, his society and the world community at large. (B) The Process for the Social Domain : The modern concept of education subsumes the inclusion of the synergy of the various constituents of the social dimension, formal educational programmes and informal extracurricular activities and outreach initiatives. These will have to be so planned and carried out so as to make the social system a progressive, prosperous and proactive agency that should provide both security and challenges to the individual to operate as a responsible and sensitive : member of the society. The activities to be provided to the society through the individual student and his classmates, along with the teacher, would include some of the following ones. 1. Continuing adult education programmes for targetted groups like farmers, working women, youth and others. Extension services to the society for specific needs like community hygiene, electoral awareness, microfinance etc. Professional/occupational skills training for better employability like computer literacy, small savings, retailing, marketing, communication skills etc. Capacity building programmes for example for civic citizenship, social reforms, mobilizing for specific missions like polio campaign, fighting against corruption and so on. Climate building like developing cooperation among social groups and organizations, forming peace committees, carrying out monitorial tasks for aangan vadi, for public distribution system, for registering for aadhaar cards etc. 6. Providing training, experiences and even apprenticeship

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Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century 293 programmes for various life skills of modern life like operating a bank account, carrying out disaster management activities etc. Organising internship activities to provide practical hands-on knowledge on one hand and supplementary income to students in collaboration with employers, both individual and corporate. Establishing liaison between society and educational institutions and their resources and assets, both material and expertise, so as to increase frequent exchange of knowledge and capacities for mutual supplementation and enrichment. Making all educational programmes and activities progressively relevant and meaningful to society through collaboration, both intellectual and social. 10. Adding an egalitarian component to education so as to turn out student social activists and workers with a pro-people and pro society world view and philosophy of life. It is hoped that such diverse agenda of educational inputs directly planted in the student population and indirectly, through them, in the entire body organic of society, will strengthen the roots of interdimensional synergy and thereby contribute to the emergence of a system of community education geared to the needs of the 21st century challenges. One of the grimmest challenges for India in the 21st century is that of a number of evil practices the society has accepted as normal though they eat into the vitals of the system. Corruption, gender discrimination, child abuse, crime, violence in the day-to-day life and the notorious CHALATI HAI attitude to life and work are the pervasive evils, which Gandhiji used to call SINS. They have to be fought and liquidated. Only a socially sensitive and committed youth, so trained in values of sensitive citizenship, by a synergized education, can do it. Let's remind ourselves of the proverbial seven sins against which Gandhiji cautioned the nation decades ago. Hopefully, such a reminder may awaken our dormant, slothful and inert souls. 1. Commerce without ethics 2. Pleasure without conscience Politics without principles Knowledge (Education) without character 5. Science without humanity 6. Wealth without labour 7. Worship without sacrifice C) The Process for the Global Environmental Domain: Education as an enabling human activity and an organized system does not operate in a

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294 Dawoodbhai Ghanchi vacuum. In the modern age, the whole world is the arena for it to operate interactively. The all enveloping environment of the world arena consists of nature and nature's myriad components and forces education has to reckon with. It also consists of civilisational assets of a community built by the mankind over millennia. They include habitats, villages, towns, cities, transportation, communication channels, corporations, industries, agriculture and hundreds of mammoth systems and subsystems of life. Thus, the modern environment is a . global reality on a massive scale. Education must get synergised with the omnipresent environment as the present day world has contracted into a global village. This metamorphosis has unleashed new dynamics of human relations, having on one hand a potential to explode and perish by just one error, say of nuclear misdemeanor.. and on the other hand an equally possible prospect of undreamt prosperity and happiness of all members of the human race. Therefore, education of man must help rule out the former, i.e. the catastrophe, and promote the latter i.e. the welfare of all. Let's, therefore, ensure the intrasynergy of forces of education by taking steps like the following ones. 1. Providing educational inputs to the younger generation in particular, and the community in general, to preserve, promote and sustain in sound health the ecological balance in nature which is being seriously threatened of late by climate change. Inculcating in students sound traits of world citizenship and comradeship by nurturing in them generously values of friendship, brotherhood, equality, compassion, empathy and a warm humanitarian approach to life and its problems. The renowned American poet, Walt Whitman, has forcefully advocated such cosmopolitan world view in the following illustrious lines worth ruminating over in the contemporary climate of selfish parochialism of all sorts : Come, let's make the world indissoluble, Let's make the most splendid race, The sun has ever shone upon. Let's make divine, magnetic land, With the love of comrades, With the lifelong love of comrades. 3. Nurturing those values - moral, political, cultural, aesthetic, and pragmatic - that lead a person to respect all forms of life and a

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Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century 295 5. 8. commitment to carve out a harmonious existence. 4. Developing new insights, attitudes and mores of global coexistence involving durable sentiments of multiculturalism, multiracialism, multyethnicism and unrestrained mobility across geographical borders and across cultures. Making all educational offerings including the curricula, syllabi, courses, learning resources, teaching, testing and counseling, management and alumni involvement global and humanistic in approach and application. Developing global technological skills in students to facilitate them to function successfully in the modern age of knowledge, competition, excellence and cutting edge total quality in all pursuits. Organising programmes of exchange at local, regional, national and international levels for individuals, communities, corporations, institutions, governments, NGO's and world bodies to promote mutual understanding, enrichment and accommodation for a harmonious world family of man. Creating a global climate and ambience of understanding and trust through confidence building measures for the preservation of peace, harmony and security in the face of arrogant world powers, of disasters and of threats of new evils like terrorism, extremism, regional wars, civil strife etc. To ensure inter synergy among individuals, their communities, and the global human family foundations of positive attitudes will have to be laid in the minds and hearts of people in general, and of students and younger generation, through the active and enthusiastic partnership of the faculty and leaders of the community, for it is only education as an integrating human enterprise is eminently capable of realizing the mission through the * envisioned triple synergy. The Strategy of Implementing the Triple Synergy : It is necessary to work out a strategy of implementing the idea of the triple synergy in our dayto-day working of the system of education system at a specific level, namely primary, secondary, tertiary, professional etc. This will be a continuous process whose details should be worked out by a composite task force in every institution, be it a university or a college or a school. The task force should include different stake holders, namely teachers, students, alumni, and administrators' representatives. The cardinal steps of the action plan would be like the following ones.

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296 Dawoodbhai Ghanchi Firstly, the concept of education should be redefined in terms of the three domains, namely the individual and his needs, the society and the global environment and their needs. Secondly, the role of the central agencies like the university, the state government, the central government and regulating agencies like the UGC should be circumscribed and limited only to their core functions, powers and authority. The nuts and bolts and the nitty gritty of the entire enterprise should be within the jurisdiction of institutions concerned. Thirdly, the constituents and players must enjoy maximum autonomy to work out their programmes and activities and should be held responsible for all their decisions. Fourthly, capacity building programmes should be a permanent feature. of the working of the system operating regularly all throughout the year. They should apply to all players and stake holders involved. They should be thus recurrently empowered through their exposure to training. Fifthly, there should be built-in arrangement for monitoring, evaluation and regulatory mechanism. The system should ensure smart regulation with light oversight with a human face and it must mean business with a zero tolerance for any sort of negativity. Sixthly, innovativeness and cutting edge quality should be the soul and spirit to move the system spirally upward with a liberal provision for facilitation on one hand and on the other for acceleration of excellence on a constantly rising learning curve. Seventhly, through synergized education, both vertically and horizontally, the vision should be to make a fundamental paradigm shift in the very concept of the institution which should ultimately graduate from being a laboratory of life, to a workshop of life, and from there to be a nursery of life and ultimately to be a prototype of life itself - a pinnacle of existence in all its glory. The strategy itself can be conceived of as a flux which will continue to flow, to change and to assume newer, more vibrant forms. Conclusion : The 21st century is a unique period of time in human history, which can either spell doom for the human race, given the piles of negative lethal forces accumulated over years by man - the atomic energy, armaments, greed, disregard for values, particularly, of harmony, coexistence and regard for life itself, gross consumerism, crass materialism, extreme poverty and destitution, or can lift the human race to unforeseen heights of prosperity, wellness, security, brotherhood, fellow feeling and cultural heights

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Synergistic Role of Education in India of the 21st Century never dreamt of, given the new power man has acquired through knowledge, science, technology arts and the treasures of new knowledge through research and innovation. It is possible, with the synergized power of knowledge realizing the integration of the individual with his immediate social surrounding on one hand, and on the other, with the ubiquitous global environment positively and constructively, into a new entity, could make HEAVEN itself descend on the earth. The Indian mythology has seen a Bhagirath do that feat of bringing the holy Ganga on the earth. Quality education based on triple synergy, in the 21st century, does have the potential of empowering the student population in particular and the average Indian citizen, the AAM AADAMI, to realize the dream of making the mundane life a heaven on earth. Rabindranath Tagore dreamt of realizing that dream on behalf of every Indian compatriot decades ago, by offering this soul stirring prayer. Let's all echo and reecho it to strengthen our determination to transform our lives through a properly synergized education. 1. 3. Where the mind is without fear, And the head is held high; 4. Where knowledge is free, Where the world has not been broken up, By narrow domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of the truth; Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way 297 Into the dreary desert sands of dead habits; Into that HEAVEN of freedom, My Father! Let my country awake. REFERENCES 2. UNESCO. (1996). "Learning, the Treasure within ", Report of the International Commission on Education in the 21st Century. Paris : UNESCO GOL. (2009). Report of the National Knowledge Commission (2009). New Delhi: GOI UNESCO. (1998). "Higher Education in the 21st Century: Vision and Action: The Final report of the World Conference on Higher Education. Paris: UNERSCO World Bank. (2000). "Higher Education in Developing Countries: Perils and Promise". Report of the Task Force on Higher Education. Washington DC. W.B.

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37 Hemant Shah Education In Jainism Introduction : Jainism is one of the oldest living religions of the' world. It is independent and not a branch or off shoot of any religion. It holds a very important position being a perfect system of religion. Its contibution to Indian Philosophy in particular and to the world thought of non violence, Truth and Peaceful Co-existence is significant and of great value. The title of this article immediately strikes at two important words : Education and Jainism. Since we want to examine place and important of Education in Jainism let us, from this point of view, let us take a note of Jainism - its philosophy and fundamental assertions. In view of Jainism, we will discuss Education as an important activity - a process of development, a path to the highest goal of life. Jainism : Jainism, apart from being a major philosophical system of Indian philosophy, is a perfect religion, perhaps the oldest living religion. It has notably served to the cause of Indian culture and spirituality as well as towards the positive, progressive and peaceful solution of human suffering and pain. It will be a matter of great pride for a Jain to note what a great western historian and scholar, Dr. Winternitz has noted: "The Jainas have extended their activities beyond the sphere of their religious literature to a far greater extent than the Buddhists have done, and they have memorable achievements in the secular sciences to their credit, in philosophy, grammar, lexicography, poetics

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Education in Jainism 299 mathematics, astronomy and astrology, and even in the science of politics. In one way or the other, there is always some connection even of these 'profane' works with religion. In Southern India, the Jainas have also rendered services in developing the Dravidian languages, Tamil and Telugu, and especially the Kanarese literacy language. They have, besides, written a considerable amount in Gujarati, Hindi and Marwari. Thus we see that they occupy no mean position in history of Indian literature and Indian thought." Jainism takes an integral view of life. It discusses in the 'Samanasu-ttam', the universal values as means to achieve the highest goal of life. According to Jainism the highest aim or goal of life is to attain Nirvana or liberation. How to, achieve this goal ? In his book 'Tattvarthasutra Acarya Umasvati says: Nirvana or Moksa can be attained by right Faith, right Knowledge and right Conduct together.' Unlike the western thought, Jainism affirms that Faith or Knowledge or Conduct alone by itself connot take us to the path of liberation. We should have all the three to tread the path. Lord Mahavir says, "By knowledge one understands the nature of substances; by faith one believes in them, by conduct one puts and end to the flow of karmas and by austerity one attains purity:"? Thus in Jainism, knowledge plays an important role in Spiritual development to attain the goal of liberation. But then what is knowledge its meaning, scope and kinds ? For this let us have a broad look at Jain theory of knowledge. Jain Theory of Knowledge : "The consideration of Jaina thinkers about the concept of knowledge is quite historical and have great importance in the field of 'Epistemology' - Jainism accepts the existence of soul, and it has its own theory regarding the nature of soul. The soul, according to Jainsm, has an inherent capacity to know all things. Higher the degree of purity of soul, higher the capacity to know. The obstructions to soul to know are the karmas. Total destruction of karmic veils will lead to 'Ananta Jnana (Infinite knowledge). Knowledge (Jnana) according to Jainas, "is the soul's intrinsic, inherent, inseparable and inalienable attribute, without which no soul can exist. Knowledge plays an * important part in the conception of soul and its emancipation." The soul, according to Jain theory of knowledge, has consciousness (chetana) and power of understanding as its most prominent inherent qualities." As conscious, the souls experience in the three following ways. Some experience merely the fruits of Karma; some their own activity; and some again, knowledge."3 KundaKundacharya observes that "Upyoga or understanding is of two modes : Cognition and Sensation." Nemichandra says, "Understanding is divided into two species viz. Darshan or Sensation and Jnana or Cognition." UmaSvati says, "Understanding is the distinguishing characteristic of the soul. It is two serts (viz Jnana or

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300 Hemant Shah Congnition and Darshan or Sensation). The first is of eight kinds and the second of four." Acharya Nemichandra, explaining Darshan says, "That perception of the generalities (Samanya) of things without particularities (vishesha) in which there is no grasping or details is called Darshana." Darshan or Sensation is of four kinds Visual (chakshusha), Non-Visual (achakshusha), Clairvoyant (avadhi darshan) and Pure (keval Darshna)." The Jain scholars divide cognition or knowledge into two divisions viz: Valid knowledge and Fallacious knowledge. The valid knowledge is of five types: Senseous (mati or abhinibodhikh), Authoritative (Shruta), Clairvoyant (Avadhi), Telepathic (manah paryaya) and Pure (keval). Kumati, Kusruta and Vibhang are the three Fallacious forms of Mati, Shruta and Avadhi Jnana. Thus cognition, according to Jain theory of knowledge is of eight kinds: five valid and three fallacious. At this stage we avoid a detailed description of each of these eight, kinds. In concluding the theory of knowledge we will definitely note that it is quite consistent with its metaphysics, ethics and philosophy of soul. It fosters a rational outlook and an appropriate attitude in understanding the scope and limitation of soul's capacity to know. Reason, Intuition and Faith: Let us understand Reason, Intuition and Faith and see them from Jainism's point of view. Let us not forget that knowledge alone is not education and again, as we have earlier noted in Jainism knowledge alone can not lead you to liberation. So talking about Reason, we should know that Reason essentially is a human phenomena. Etymologically the world 'Reason' is derived from 'ratio' meaning relation. "In most generalized sense of all, reason might be defined as the rational element of intelligence." Reason is not merely abstract or formal but it is higher and synthetic. "It is the whole mind in action, the indivisible root from which all other faculties arise." One should know the difference between Reason and Intellect. Intellect is abstract and partial. Reason is comprehensive and synthetic. Reason is superior to intellect. Intuition essentially is a subjective experience, and like reason, is a source of knowledge. Intuition is a higher source of knowledge than reason. Intuitive knowledge is knowledge by identity, it is the direct knowledge, which if final and supreme. Reason works under the limitations while intuition is free from such limitations. Though intuition is higher, when it is to be expressed it needs intellect. "Intuition is beyond Reason, though not against reason. It is the response of the whole man to reality, it involves the activity of reason also."" Faith is always required to be understood specially as compatible to Rason. In Indian philosophy and also in Jainism, both reason and faith are accepted as valid sources of knowledge. Reason, in fact, is considered essential for Faith. In Jainism, reason is an important means to support what faith has revealed. This is what we call 'reason's' service to faith'. Swami Paramanand

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Education in Jainism 301 in his book titled "Faith is Power" says that faith and reason are not opposed to each other, they supplement each other. One should also know that faith is not belief. They are different. Belief is superficial and easily shaken, but faith makes us strong and steadfast. Faith is not an abstract indefinite sentiment, it is necessary for us all. Faith is and should always be understood in its three fold aspects : Faith is one's own self, in humanity and in God. These aspects are interdependent and are not isolated. There is a long discussion and volumes written on reason and Faith in the west. With special reference to all moral experiences and approach to religion, Faith and Reason has been discussed by Prof. J. F. Ross. He states that "Both the activity of faith and the activity of reason are always of arriving at knowledge. This has a substantial and important claim. Both faith and reason are always arriving at knowledge of God and God's will for man."10 In Jainism faith is not merely a source of knowledge but of vision too. In Jainism faith (Shraddha) is both, a state as well as an activity. According to Jain scriptures "friendliness (Maitri), activity (Pramoda), compassion (Karma) and neutrality (Madhyastha) are four qualities basically required in the foundation of religion."l1 Acharya Sri Haribhadra Suri gives great importance to equanimity or right faith (Samyak-karma). So according to Jaina concept right faith is the foundation of religious activity (Sadhana). Let us understand all the above discussed terms from Jaina point of view. According to Jainism it is the human soul (Jivatma) alone which can regain the highest degree of perfection. All souls are possessed of fullness and perfections. "The infinite in inherent in the finite. That is why the finite is ever struggling to break down its finiteness and reach out to the fullest freedom."12 Jainism uniquely maintains that the infinite power lie latent in each soul. What one required is to put utmost self effort to defeat one's enemies : Lord Mahavir says, "Fight with yourself. Why fight with external foes ? He who conquers himself, through himself will obtain happiness."13 The self-effort is an effort to attain the unity of Right knowledge (Samyak-Jnana) Right Vision or Faith (Samyak Darshan) and Right Conduct (Samyak-Charitra). The emphasis also leads to the very basic spirit of life and education in Jainism. "The basic spirit of Jainism is 'to live and let live', to live a life of understanding, tolerance, systematic co-operation and peaceful co-existence, nay, the still fuller and nobler co-relation."14 How wonderfully these qualities we find being reflected in modern days in a child through value education as well as life skills in the current system of education ! Right Faith and Right Conduct : Acharya Umaswami or Umasvati in his book "Tattvarthasutra" explains in detail the four prerequisites of right faith (samyagdarshana) They are (i) Prashama (happiness from calmness and equanimity), (ii) Samvega (great enthusiasm for righteousness and avoidance of evil deeds), (iii) Anukampa

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302 Hemant Shah (compassion - both negative and positive. Negative is ahimsa - nonviolence in positive it is compassion, goodwill, fellow feelings) and (iv) Astikya (belief in the principles of Truth). Samyag Darshan results into entire transformation of a person. 'His attitude towards life, his out look of the world and worldly things, the basic of his relations with others, his values all are changed.' He has a way of life following discipline, self restraint, the five great vows (non- injury, truthfulness, non-stealing, sex fidelity and non-possession of wealth or worldly objects. In support to this, five Samiti - carefulness in moving, speaking, eating, keeping and receiving things and evacuating bowels) and three self control in mind, speech and physical deeds. Jainism talks about these twelve reflections and ten virtues (forgiveness, humility, straightforwardness, truth, purity, self restraint, austerities, renunciation, non-acquisitiveness and chastity) as essential. Thus 'samyagdarshan' - right faith in Jainism moulds or educates a householder to obtain peace and happiness. It also facilitates social harmony and peaceful co-existence in the world. When we talk about education in Jainism, a note has to be taken of its Gunavratas and Shikshavratas or educational vows. These vows are self disciplinary practices and are considered essential for individual welfare, social harmony and world peace. Thus we can say that the observance of the twelve vows is of great importance and highly significant in modern systems of education Education : Let us understand 'Education' - its concept and its role in life. In its very simple sense education is a process; it is a training. The training of the body, mind and soul is education. This training has its aims and objectives. Education is a means to live a life more effectively, as well as more efficiently. In short education aims at a student's or learner's physical, mental and moral development. Education aims at imparting knowledge and making a child intelligent, it imparts yoga and other physical exercise to make a child physically strong, through its cultural and life skill activities, it makes a child good in conduct and finally it inculcates values in a child and makes his character virtuous. Thus education aims at all round development of a student. In the world of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, "It is the aim of education to train us to apprehend human virtues and simple decencies of life. We must educate not for cruelty and power but for love and kindness. We must develop the freshness of feeling for nature, the sensitiveness of soul to human need. We must foster the freedom of the mind, the humanity of the heart, the integrity of the individual." With right education one attains right knowledge, right vision and faith, right conduct and victory over sensuous limitation: It is a path that leads to liberation. Its role, no doubt, is vitally significant and

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Education in Jainism important. In order to see how the ideas of a true education system are reflected in a Jaina way of life, let us first briefly glance at Education as it is and as it should be in future. Avoiding a big discussion on the system of Education that was in ancient India, let us know, about education from seventeenth century with the notion of progress and development till it prevails now and the education of future. To know this it becomes very important that we know the Indian approach to education. The Vedas, Upanishads and Jain canonical literature say: "Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man." Knowledge is inherent in man, no knowledge come from outside, it is all inside. According to Jainism also, the soul has all infinite powers-infinite knowledge, infinite power, infinite faith and infinite bliss. The knowledge and all these infinites are veiled and education is simply unveiling. Education means to lead, to bring forth, to educe to educe the inner, hidden, dormant potential within every human being. Sri Aurobindo writing on education says, "The first principle of the true teaching is that nothing can be taught."15 - 303 Taking note of the current education system that has undergone notable changes, the change is mainly because of the change in the concept, approaches and values that have changed also. Instead of knowledge for liberation we have technology for physical pleasures and comforts; instead of happiness and divinity within, we have cravings to succeed in a globalized material world outside. The growth of advanced technology, though required is certainly not enough. We need to know that information is not Knowledge, and intellect is not vision. Veda says, "The intellectual understanding is only the lower knowledge (Buddhi); there is another and higher knowledge (Buddhi) which is not intelligence but vision, is not understanding but over standing in knowledge." In nut shell, we find the improvement of the current system of education or the removal of the misleading, materialistic worldly approaches in education is an immediate need. For this we will have to adopt and implement Jaina concept of education. Conclusion: Education in Jainism is integral and intrinsic to Jaina way of life. We know that mere learning facts & figures or information is not knowledge and mere knowledge is not education. Education includes knowledge, vision and sound character. This education is means to attain the highest goal of life i.e. liberation. Jainism as religion and a system of Indian Philosophy is a way of life. To live a Jaina way of life is to educate one's own self and develop the higher quality of soul leading towards perfection, and attaining liberation from pain and suffering. Jaina way of life is a controlled, disciplined life where one observes the five great vows: Non-killing (ahimsa), Truth (Satya), Non stealing (Asteya) (Asteya) Non possessing (aparigraha) and virtuous life (Brahmacharya). These vows and the other vows for the householder

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304 Hemant Shah prescribed in Jain scripture make the life value oriented. Jainism offers a unique epistemology. Jainism talks about Non-absolutism. Truth is always a truth of one of the or some of the aspect of reality. The object of Truth having multi aspects, and truth is not about all aspects Truth becomes partial and relative. Truth or the judgment we deliver is non absolute. This approach has tremendous application towards Tolerance and Mutual understanding. A true Jain will be away from extreme judgments and conflicting or controversial opinions. This again will make peaceful co-existence possible. Any talk on any subject related to Jainism is incomplete without a mention of its law of Karma. The base of Jain theory of reality its epistemology and its ethics is Law of Karma. Jainism takes care to see that the life which is full of activities through the process of Samvar (stopping) and Nirjara (removing) by removing the layers of Karma, brightens the soul. A Jaina way of life will be thus away from extremes will be towards neutrality. Jaina education insists not only on non-hurting or non-killing; it also insists on forgiveness (kshama) and love (karuna). No education is complete without these external values. Jainisms universal values, its ethics and theory of knowledge, its nonabsolutism (anekantvada) and its theory of manifold aspects of reality (syadvada) reflect a complete system of training or educating a life that fully and totally fulfills the ultimate and the highest goal of life. Dr. Kalidas Nag, an eminent Ideologist and historian, a great admirer of Jainism and a profound scholar wrote way back in 1936: "Jainism shines today as the only religion with an uncompromising faith in peace and non violence in thought and deed. This great lesson of Jainism, which Buddhism and Hinduism in general accepted, has not yet been made public with adequate reference to the Jaina canons and Jaina history. But we hope that in, in this crisis of human culture when, in the name of nationalism and imperialism, millions of human beings could be butchered, when internationalism is ridiculed and peace causes exploited by shrewd politicians our Jaina friends of India would organize a 'World Federation of Ahimsa' as the noble contribution of India to humanity."17 It will not be too much to say, in our final summing up, that any ideal system of education is bound to be a system reflecting education in Jainism.

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Creativity in Management Introduction Creative entrepreneurs have played a sterling role in economic development. The Industrial Revolution in Britain was powered by innovative entrepreneurs like Thomas Newcomen (steam engine), James Hargreaves (spinning jenny), and James Watt (high pressure steam engine). America's economic development was spurred by Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Thomas Watson and others. Innovative entrepreneurs like Akio Morita of Sony fame helped Japan recover from the Second World War and become an economic giant. In our country, pioneers like Jamsetjee Tata, Walchand Hirachand, G. D. Birla, Shantanu Kirloskar, Ranchhodlal Chhotalal and others laid the foundations of our industrial development. Creativity has been accepted as a major human resource for development. We are firmly in the age of globalization. In a US study of 33 talents important for business in the era of globalization, creativity was ranked first (Bleedorn, 1986). Econometric studies of the growth of US and British economics led to the conclusion that technological and management innovations play a far greater role in the rise of productivity than capital per unit of labour (Kendrick, 1979). Thousands of entrepreneurs today are helping build a resurgent India, highlighted in books like Entrepreneurial Policies and Strategies: The Innovator's Choice (Manimala, 1999), Impact Making Entrepreneurs (Jain and Ansari, 1988), Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish (Bansal, 2008), etc. However, creativity in Pradip Khandwalla

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306 Pradip Khandwala management is not just a matter of a creative head. In large organizations in the public as well as the privates sector, the organization as a system needs to be designed to be creative and innovative. Nature of Creativity Let us first get some clarity on creativity. Earlier it was thought that creativity and originality were God given; or that creation took place under the influence of a divine inspiration involving the possession of the creator by some higher entity (Rosamond Harding, 1967). For instance, William Blake, the British mystical poet affirmed that poems were dictated to him by some higher being, and Charles Dickens, the novelist, and Tchaikovsky, the Russian composer of music talked of a benign power guiding their respective creations. The modern view is that creativity is a social-psychological phenomenon. This view gained prominence with the enunciation by J. P. Guilford, an American psychologist, of two modes of thinking that in combination facilitate a creative achievement (Guilford, 1967). Guilford described these two modes as convergent thinking and divergent thinking. Convergent thinking involves such mental operations as defining terms, classification of a phenomenon, analysis, logic, optimization, etc. Divergent thinking involves imaginative thinking, rife with associations, images, metaphors, visions, offbeat ways of looking at problems, and even dreaming. Creativity has come to be known as novelty that works effectively in relation to a purpose or a context. It walks on two legs: novelty and appropriateness. But there is much more to it. Following the path-breaking work of Guilford, there was a huge amount of research on the personality profile of creative persons, their cognitive processes, their attitudes and values, on the environment that stimulates creativity, and on techniques for finding creative solutions for problems (Khandwalla, 2004). The model of creative achievement that emerges from all this research is shown below (Khandwalla, 1988) : A Model of Sustained Creative Achievement The above model shows that the stronger the forces that impel the effort at innovation, and the weaker the forces that create resistance to innovation (mostly various kinds of fear and mental blocks), the greater is the probability of sustained creative achivement. Can creativity be enhanced ? Research evidence indicates that as measured, creativity can be enhanced significantly. Paul Torrance's review of 140 studies of creativity training; and Karen Westberg's 100 studies of creativity training both indicate that creativity can be enhanced (Torrance, 1987; Westberg, 1996). Even without formal training, using the model depicted above, it should be possible for individuals to raise their creativity. Let me now turn to management, and the issue of how to make management more innovative.

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Creativity in Management 307 Nature of Management Before expounding on the organizational design for creativity, let me clarify what I mean by management. Management can be thought of as an organized collective activity in the pursuit of human goals. Management is needed in all organizations, whether profit-seeking or otherwise, public sector or private sector. Organized collective activity is quite commonplace in nature. The ants are a highly organized society in which there are specialized roles, hierarchy, coordination, and even collective agriculture - the ants grow fungus to feed their larvae. Bees too are a highly organized society. So too are tribes of chimpanzees, prides of lions, and pods of killer whales. But 'management' goes far beyond the level of organized collective activity of these creatures. It is far more complex, far more dynamic, far more creative, and far more versatile. Besides, 'management' shapes human nature, human history, and human civilization far beyond what it would as ordinary collective activity.. Management is not just administration. At its core, management is a system of structures, techniques and processes designed and operated in an organization by people vested with the authority to achieve the objectives of the organization. As a distinctive activity, 'management' has been vested with certain functions that other groups in the organization do not perform to any notable extent (Massie, 1971). The first is the development of a vision of excellence given the purpose of the organization, and determining the concrete goals for achieving that vision and the means for achieving these goals. This includes the taking of decisions about what goals the organization should pursure and in what manner, the design of the policy framework to guide the taking of decisions, the evolving of growth and competitive strategies, the securing of the needed technologies and equipments, the obtaining of the needed finance, the fixing of key roles, and what jobs should be assigned to whom. It also includes determining how to get hold of the right persons for these roles and jobs and groom them for effectively performing these tasks. It also includes the planning of operations in the short, medium and the long term, coordination of interdepartmental activities, and the control of operations so that the organization does not stray from its chosen objectives. Another key function of management is to provide leadership, guidance and counseling to employees, and meet the needs of the stakeholders of the organization such as its employees, customers, owners, and vendors. If the organization has to compete for customers, as most business organizations have to, then the management has also to develop strategies for winning over customers from others through marketing activities. Increasingly, given the challenges of sustainable development and ethicality in operations, managements have been concerned with devising ways of meeting their objectives in environmentally-friendly ways and in ways that do not transgress what is considered ethical conduct.

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308 Pradip Khandwala Management is not standardized. Like an octopus, it can adopt a variety of forms and colours (Khandwalla, 1995). The top management of any organization has a distinctive importance. Its orientation affects all the stakeholders of the organization. Some managements are highly enterprising and experimentalist. Gujarat boasts a tradition from Ranchhodlal Chhotalal to Ambalal Sarabhai, Kasturbhai Lalbhai, and Ambani of such managements. Other managements are known for their traditionalism and caution. All of us are familiar with professional management, but even today, many relatively small organizations, possibly a majority, have little faith in professional management and instead function on the basis of experience-based wisdom and common sense. There are organizations - especially governmental organizations - that are rigid, rules-bound, and bureaucratic, while there are also managements that are called 'organic' that are high flexible, and stress teamwork, profuse interactivity without regard for departmental boundaries, and cooperative action. Some managements emphasize ethics and altruism, and contrary to these there are managements that think ethics are a deathknell in a dishonest world. Instead they stress personal and organizational self-centeredness. The Tata Group and Satyam Computers are examples of these opposite orientations. . Finally, some managements are highly authoritarian, while some believe in decision making on the basis of consensus through participative management. Creative Management In relatively smaller or mid-sized organizations, creativity can flourish if the head is an innovative individual. Let me give the example of JMEL, a company owned by the Government of Rajasthan (Mukherjee, 1989). Originally the company was privately owned, but it fell sick, and was taken over by the Rajasthan Government to preserve employment. The company produced electrical meters, aluminum conductors, wires etc. In 1980, it had staff strength of 2000. It continued to fare badly as a public sector company. However, in 1983, an IAS officer, Mr. Kavadia was appointed as the CEO. When he took over the management there was gross staff indiscipline. He promptly suspended 600 militant workers. He did the unheard of in the public sector - he presented the unions with a charter of demands, and threatened that he would close the plant if the demands were not met ! The unions agreed to redeployment of workers to needed jobs from redundant jobs. An agreement was signed with the workers on the steps to revive the company. He restored discipline, and fired some unreliable officers. Kavadia thought up a strange way of motivating the workers of a loss making company - he offered them equity shares and seats on the board of directors in lieu of higher productivity standards, freeze on pay raise, and increased working hours ! The unions agreed. Kavadia introduced participative management. He set up plant-level committees in which both workers and management were represented. They met to sort out operating problems. On their own these

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Creativity in Management 309 committees decided to sack poorly performing workers. Some 500 surplus workers were retrenched. A productivity-linked pay system was introduced. Plant modernization was implemented. A suggestion scheme was introduced to get the suggestions of the staff on how to improve performance. As a result of all these actions - innovative in our public sector - capacity utilization increased dramatically, and so did sales and profits. Sales rose from Rs. 85 million in 1983-84 to Rs. 181 million in 1986-87, and the performance altered from a loss of Rs. 9.4 million in 1983-84 to a profit of Rs. 30 million in 1986-87. But is creativity possible in large organizations ? These organizations operate in a context in which creativity is often quite difficult, because of rules and regulations, a tall hierarchy, multiple specialized departments, formal policies, and controls. On the other hand, even large organizations need to be adaptable and innovative in the face of intense competitive pressures and opportunities for growth in an emerging market economy like India. Such organizations need a distinctive kind of creativity. This is because creative ideas need to be brought to the attention of management, any innovation needs to be funded and approved, needs the cooperation of a number of subordinates, colleagues, and bosses and needs to be reviewed periodically by higher ups, who may or may not allow it to be executed for political or other reasons. Innovation also needs to be effectively implemented. A creative head helps a lot, but it is not a necessary condition. It suffices if he or she is receptive to creativity and respects its value to the organization. Let me give the example of a German company called Siemens-Nixdorf or S-N in brief (Kennedy, 1998). This is a large information technology company that produces and markets both software and hardware. In the 1990s it had a staff of 40000. In 1993 it lost DM 350 million on sales of DM 11700 million. Gerhard Schulmeyer was brought in as the CEO in October 1994 to turnaround the company. Schulmeyer met some 9000 employees and other stakeholders even before taking over as CEO. His diagnosis was that the company needed a mindset change to thrive in the extremely dynamic and competitive IT industry. He felt that it needed a lot more entrepreneurial, customer focused and teamwork oriented culture. He wanted the mindset change in just 2 years. Schulmeyer initially talked to 3 high potential change agents - the heads of human resource management, corporate communications, and corporate strategy. He asked them to identify several more change agents. 30 change agents were identified, who brainstormed for 3 days and developed a 19point agenda of action. Another 300 'opinion leaders' were roped into the transformation effort, and 60 consensus issues for action emerged at a workshop. Each action issue was assigned to a project leader, who recuited his/her own team for the effort. The process of identifying and roping in change agents was continued

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310 Pradip Khandwala and eventually over 2000 were identified. Many of the identified change agents were sent to a 13-week exposure in the US to pick up the Silicon Valley entrepreneurial culture. About 400 were given entrepreneurship training. In the meanwhile Schulmeyer created 2000 profit centers and 250 strategic business units (SBUs), and most of the trained change agents were appointed as their heads. A potent intranet facility was provided, which led to the formation of several 'virtual teams drawn from various parts of the world in which the company operated, to tackle complex tasks. Twice monthly, transformation program developments were discussed company-wide, and all new developments were flashed via email to the employees. Relatively autonomous teams implemented many initiatives. For example, the corporate head office staff on its own found a way to cut its strength from 1400 to 256. The upshot of all these innovative actions was that the company broke even in 1995, and made a profit of about DM 550 million on sales of DM 15400 million in 1996. The case shows how even in a large organization, a huge mindset change can be brought about in a short time that unleashes numberless innovations by the top management, if the top management taps the large talent pool available in any large organization and vests the talented with executing powers. Models of Creative Management Over the years several models of creative management have emerged. Let me briefly review them. Gary Steiner thought that a creative organization should mimic a creative individual (Steiner, 1965). He therefore suggested extensive use of brainstorming to generate creative ideas, special nurturance of creative people, meritocracy, investment in discovery, decentralization and autonomy for the staff but with accountability, and an attempt at becoming a unique organization. Burns and Stalker, based on research on 20 British organizations, distinguished between an 'organic' (fluid) and a 'mechanistic' (rigid) style of management (Burns and Stalker, 1961). They concluded that the organic mode of management was much more suitable for bringing in innovations than the mechanistic mode. Teresa Amabile and associates, based on the study of a large number of American projects, emphasized establishing a workforce climate that encouraged creativity; supportive supervision; induction of diverse skills in groups; sufficient resources; autonomy to work group; and 'optimal pressure (Amabile et al, 1995). The Japanese have advocated a style of management called kaizen that taps the creative ideas of workers (McMillan, 1996). In 1980, when the Japanese economy was undergoing a crisis, the Government and the industry called out to the workers for help, and the workers responded with 25 million suggestions for improvement that benefited the economy by billions of dollars. My work in India on business organization led me to identify a policy framework that yielded superior growth and profitability to those that adopted it

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Creativity in Management 311 (Khandwalla, 1985). This included the policies of actively attracting talented youngsters, their retention and utilization for bringing about changes and innovations; pioneering of unique products; opportunistic diversification; emphasis on operating efficiency, emphasis on R&D, etc. Another research of mine on Indian organizations indicated that entrepreneurial organic, participative, and altruist styles yield many successful innovations (Khandwalla, 1995). My research on how sick organizations revive indicated what may be called a turnaround mode that I termed creativetransformational (Khandwalla, 2001). It consisted of actions like roping in stakeholders for change by sharing with them the diagnosis of what had gone wrong, brainstorming sessions to generate innovative ideas for improvement in operations, teams to implement changes, harnessing the energy of dynamic younger managers to bring about needed innovations and changes, etc., wellillustrated by the example of Siemens-Nixdorf given earlier. Such turnarounds turned out to yield faster and larger recoveries from sickness, and posted faster post-turnaround growth. The model of management for sustained organizational creativity and innovation in our context is presented below (Khandwalla, 2012). Design for Sustained Management Creativity Liberalization and globalization of an emerging market economy Increasingly turbulent, competitive,exacting operating environment Strategic choice by organizations Adopt a creativity-compatible organizational design Status quo in organizational design Innovation-inducing competitive strategy Innovation-inducing top management Innovation-inducing organizational structure Innovation-inducing management practices Effective management of innovations Stream of successful technical and management-related innovations Sustained competitive advantage Concluding Comments I hold that creativity can be enhanced at all levels through appropriate actions - the individual level, the organizational level, and even the

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312 Pradip Khandwala government, community and society levels (Khandwalla, 2012). This opinion is based on fairly extensive research and many case studies. For our country, creativity and innovation-the beneficial kind, not the malignant kind-are essential for the rapid and inclusive growth of our economy, and for the transformation of our society in ways that enhance the quality of life. We have by now a reasonable knowledge platform for speeding up creativity and innovation at all levels, But people in a democracy need to know that this can be done, so that they and their representatives can exert the necessary pressure at various levels to do the needful. REFERENCES Amabile Teresa, Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., and Herron, M., "Assessing the work environment for creativity." Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39, 5, 1995, pp. 1154-1184. Bansal, Rashmi, "Stay Hungry Stay Foolish" (Ahmedabad: IIMA, 2008). Bleedorn, Bernice, "Creativity: Number one leadership talent for global futures." Journal of Creative Behaviour, Vol. 20, 4, 1986, pp. 276-282. Guilford, J. P., "The Nature of Human Intelligence" (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1967). Harding, Rosamond, "An Anatomy of Inspiration", 2nd edition (London: Frank Cass, 1967) Jain, G. and Ansari, M., "Self-made Impact Making Entrepreneurs" (Ahmedabad: Enterpreneurship Development Institute of India, 1988). Kendrick, John W., "Productivity trends and the recent slow-down": Historical perspective, causal factors, and policy options." In Contemporary Economic Problems (Washington DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1979). Kennedy, Carol, "The roadmap to success: "How Gerald Schulmeyer changed the culture at Siemens-Nixdorf." Long Range Planning, Vol. 31, 2, 1998, pp. 262-271. Khandwalla, Pradip N. "Fourth Eye: Excellence through Creativity", 2nd edition (Allahabad: A.H. Wheeler, 1988). Khandwalla, Pradip N., "Pioneering innovative management an Indian excellence." Organization Studies, Vol. 6, 2, 1985, pp. 161-183. Khandwalla, Pradip N., "Management Styles" (New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1995). Khandwalla Pradip N., "Turnaround Excellence; Insights from 120 Cases" (New Delhi: Sage, 2001). Khandwalla, Pradip N., "Corporate Creativity: The Winning Edge." (New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003). Khandwalla, Pradip N. and Mehta, Kandarp, "Organizational design for corporate creativity in the Indian setting." In Tony Davila, Marc Epstein, and Robert Shelton (eds), "The Creative Enterprise : Managing Innovative Organizations and People", Vol. 3 (Execution) (London: Praeger Perspectives, 2007), pp. 115-146. Khandwalla, Pradip N., "Creative Society: Prospects for India", draft, 2012.

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'A Jain Chovishi' of Rishabhanatha (A Digambara Jain altar piece with 24 Jinas), Bronze dated V.S 1549 A.D 1492, height - 42 cms 'Identification of two Jains Bornzes 'by Shridhar Andhare, Chapter 39, Pages 314-317

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'Identification of two Jains Bornzes 'by Shridhar Andhare, Chapter 39, Pages 314-317 Inscription of the bronze at the back. S TERE :....: II LD, nikAya Pretour-Dostlus LS LL E Ubelh Pzp PE,L2PPHUN CO N TATTIKASTELE L2B2012PEE N EPE 2E (GOEBELE BEZIERE DIMIR

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Jain Chovishi of Mahavira, Karnataka/South Maharashtra, circa 14th/15th century AD, Private collection, Mumbai 'Identification of two Jains Bornzes' by Shridhar Andhare, Chapter 39, Pages 314-317

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Panchatirthi of Sreyansnatha, Swetambara altar piece, gilded copper, dated VS 1569 = AD 1512 "Identification of two Jains Bornzes' by Shridhar Andhare Chapter 39, Pages 314-317 mAnAna samAde50 tAsApanI / gozAsaka A nhecur AV EVIE matapatra ( TanAyAsa bajAja jIvana kI vA Inscription on reverse of the image 'Identification of two Jains Bornzes ' by Shridhar Andhare, Chapter 39, Pages 314-317

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Creativity in Management Massie, Joseph L., "Essentials of Management", 2nd edition (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall, 1971). 313 McMillian, Charles J. "The Japanese Industrial System", 3 revised edition (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996). Steiner, Gary (1965), "Introduction." In Gary Steiner (ed.), "The Creative Organization" (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), pp. 1-24. Torrance, E. Paul, "Teaching for creativity." In S.G. Isaksen (ed.), Frontiers of Creativity Research: Beyond the Basics" (Buffalo, NY, US, Bearly, 1987), pp. 189-215. Westberg, Karen, "The effects of teaching students how to invent" Journal of Creative Behavior, Vol. 30, 4, 1996, pp. 249-266.

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Identification of two Jain Bronzes from the collection of the Asian Art Museum, San Fransisco From the vast repository of Indian Art, now located at the Asian Art Museum, San Francisco', USA, two inscribed Jain bronzes are being discussed here, with the kind courtesy of the Trustees of the Asian Art Museum. They are, (1) A large Digambara Stele of the Jaina Chovisi' dated A.D. 1492, and (2) A Svetambara guilded bronze of the Panchatirthi of Shreyansanatha, dated A.D. 1512. It is a universal truth that art and patronage go hand in hand and the former cannot survive without the latter. It is also true that no art has grown without the support of the donors, the guilds or the communities. This applies to both, Buddhism as well as Jainism equally. Since both the bronzes being discussed here are Digambara, and from Karnathaka region, we look at the ancient tradition of Kanrataka briefly to emphasize the antiquity of these images. By and large South India has been a great seat of Digambara Jain faith, Chandragupta Maurya had journeyed to the south towards the end of his life in the company of his guru Acharya Bhadrabahu (ca. 3rd century, B.C.) Kalakacharya of the Svetambara sect was received by the Satavahana king ruling at that time in Pratisthana (paithan) by about the 1st cent. B.C. not only this but also Acharya Kundakunda? himself from South India, the first in all the genealogies of the jainas, as attested by Tamil literary sources, had spread the faith further. The whole of South for that Shridhar Andhare

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Identification of two jain Bronzes 315 matter, particularly Karnataka and Tamil Nadu had great dynasties often dedicated to Jainism, Thus, we observe that kings from Pallava to Kalachuri to Hoysala, royal families were devoted to Jainism and its spread; and there are umpteen numbers of monuments, sculptures and other artifacts testifying to this fact. The Western Gangas had made Jainism almost the religion of the state and were the great patrons of Jain teachers. This is where Jainism continued to flourish because of the abiding and stable relationship with the ruling Ganga dynasty (ca 5th 6th cent. A.D.) Moreso, it was because of Acharya Simhanandi, a revered Jain monk, that the dynasty was firmly established around ca. 3rd cent. A.D. Chamundaraya, the great general of Marasimha, the Ganga King, was the architect of the colossal statue of Bahubali of Sravanabel gola in A.D. 9823 which became the holiest of the Jain Tirthas in India. The successors of the Gangas were the Hoysalas who also were the supporters of the Jains. Thus, it is apparent that from 3rd till the 14th century, the Digambara communities in Karnataka flourished and were able to built temples. consecrate holy images in stone and metal without any hindrance from outside; which is evident from the two metal images being discussed here. With such a long tradition of so many centuries, it is obvious to find some stylistic and antiquarian traits percolating in later period among the Digambara art (especially the metal icons) from the 14th century onwards. which are available in even smaller towns in South Karnataka and South of Maharashtra region. Among there the jain chovisi from chopada of the former Prince of Wales Museum, Mumbai though of Svetambara sect is a worthy landmark. In the context of style, it is generally accepted that "If sculpture is the index of art of a particular region and period, then all art forms. whether plastic or graphic. Follow the same trend" which is easily discernible". This is particularly true of Ajanta sculpture and its wall paintings of the same period. The Eastern Indian Sculptures with illustrated manuscripts of the Palea period. So also, the Jain icons of 12th 13th century echoing with the early jain paintings of that period including the palm leaf MS. from Mudabidri" and the scupltures of that area. 'A Jaina Chovisi' of Rishabhanatha: (A Digambara Jain altarpiece with twenty four jainas). Bronze, Karnataka or South Maharashtra dated V.S. 1549=A.D. 1492, Ht. 42 cms (approx), Inscribed on the pedestal at the back and on both sides of the pitha Acc. No. B 69 B 11. The large temple shaped altarpiece has a flat, semi-open parikara, with scalloped upper edge terminating in a Shikhara and a finial. The parikara has three Digambara images of jainas standing in kayotsarga pose having chhatras over their heads. The remaining seated janas are shown in miniature niches in two vertical columns on either side and also in the niches above. The recessed portion at the back of the mula-nayaka's head is occupied with

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316 Shridhar Ahdhare elephant riders and other human figures. A couple of miniature jinas are seen standing at the base of the vertical columns, thus making the total of twenty four jinas as chovisi. A pair of male chauri bearers or yakshas stands between the three standing jinas near their feet. A step below on the pedestal is a navagraha panel (nine planets) represented symbolically in a row with a bull in the center as the cognizance of Rishabhanatha, the first tirthankara (the liberated one). To the extreme left in the same level is an elephant and a male figure identified here as Ajitanatha, with his cognizance of an elephant. To the extreme right is a male figure which cannot be identified. The six legged simhasana (lion throne) is supported by a couple of stylized lions in front looking in opposite direction while a human figure stands in the middle at the base of the stele. A long three line inscription in Sanskrit in Devanagri script runs on the back and the sides of the pedestal giving the date and certain other details of the image. An separated. rectangular tablet appears attached at the back of the parikara which may be identified as GERITET meaning the forty two Agamas of the Jains. The inscription reads: _ 'saM. 1549 va. jeSTha vadi 6 buddhadine zrI mUlasaMghena zrI kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye bha. jinacaMdradevA stadAmnAye sAhilavAla varavaMze ghau. bhAryA malo(lA) tayoH putrA ghau. laudeva. ghau. (?) karmU ghau. sAyara ghau. (vau.) anaMta zrI paMcAyaNa ete zAM madhye (?) tayauH putra vegarAja vau. karmU nA mtA iyaM pratimA karmakSayAya caturviMzatiH kAritA pratiSThApita ca / / / The rendom translation of the text can be : "On Wednesday, the 6th of the bright half of the month of Jyestha, (JulyAugust) under the order of Acharya Kundakunda of the Mula-sangha, Bhattaraka Sri. Jinachandra in service of his patrons of the Sahilwal community, namely, Wegara and his wife Malo, son Powow and Ladu and son Yara, Sri Anant, Sri Pabhayana and also his son Vegaraj, in order to gain wisdom and reducing bad karma (misdeeds) installed the images of the Trithankara. Note : Due to illegibility of some letters it was difficult to read and interpret the above inscription. Therefore a very random translation is attempted here, which is open to correction. For comparison of the above image from Karnataka, another image of a Jaina Chovisi (Digambara) is being illustrated here. Jaina Chovisi of Mahavira Digambara bronze, Karnataka/South Maharashtra Ca. 14th / 15th century A.D., Ht. 16 cm. No. 1, 1400 private collection, Mumbai. The stele has pancharatha pitha and a flat parikara in the shape of a pointed arch surmounted with a kirtimukha. Inside the arch is a torana motif of three loops on either side filled with floral motifs and lotus buds. This cleche of parikara in the shape of a pointed arch equipped with loops on either side, the tri-chhatra element, above the heads of the Tirthankaras and placing the

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Identification of two jain Bronzes 317 miniature Jinas above in rows of shown in vertical rows is a regular feature of the metal sculptures from Karnataka region from 11th - 15th cent. A.D.?. The second bronze image from the Asian Arts Museum of San Franscisco is a Svetambara Jain altarpiece, called the Panchatirthi of Sreyansanath, the eleventh Tirthankara and his cognizance is the Rhinoceros. Panchatirthi of Sreyansanatha A Svetambara alterpeice, guilded copper inlaid with silver. Western India, dated V.S. 1569=A.D. 1512. Inscribed in Devanagiri on reverse on the parikara No. 2003 33.38 A seated image of Shreyansanatha is shown enshrined within a semicircular parikara flanked by a Tirthankara on either side. Two miniature Jinas appear seated above them. Thus, making it a panchatirthi type image. The mula-nayaka or the central figure is seated in padmasana on a Simhasana (lion-throne) flanked by a seated yaksha on the left and a female yakshi on the right. Below on the pedestal appear the navagrahas (nine planets)represented here symbolically. Five on the left and four on the right. On either side of these are Dwarapalas or Sasanadevatas in sitting posture. The circular parikara and the whole of the altarpiece is decorated with inlaid silver pieces at various locations including the seat of the main image. An elaborate Devanagari inscription appearing on reverse reads. 'saM. 1569 varSe mAha sudi pa sukre 3. jJA.sA. bhAMDAbhA. bha ramAde pu. dugAsADA bhA. siMgAra de. pu. nAgAmolhA (?) sakuTuMba vatena pizaci (?) mitraM zrI. zreyAMsa biMbaM pra. zrI khetragaccha pa. zrI bhUvanakIrti H. Il The random translation of the above is "On Friday, the 5th of the bright half of the month of Magha. (Feb.-Mar.) in V.S. 1569=AD 1512, Shah Bhanda and his wife of the Oswal Jati, Bharamde son of Dugasada and his wife Singarde and son of the Nagamathas(?) Family and friends got the image of Sreyansanatha installed at the hands of Panyas Sri Bhavana-Kirti who belonged to the Khataragaccha order (of the Jains)." REFERENCES . 1. Photograph and reproduction permission courtesy, Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, U.S.A. 2. C. Sivaramamurti, Panorama of Jain Art, Times of India, New Delhi, 1983, p.p.15,16 3. Doshi S. Homage to Shravan - Belgoda, Marg, Bombay, 1982 4. Desai K. Jewels on the Crescent, C.S.M.V.S and Marg, Mumbai, 2002, No. 54 5. Moti Chandra , studies in Early Indian Painting, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1974 6. Umakant P. Shah, Jaina-Rupa Mandana, Abhinava, Delhi, 1987, XXXV 61 7. P. Pal, The Peaceful Liberators, LACM. 1994

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40 Kokila Shah Jainism and Quantum Mechanics I In India tradition, science and spirituality go together. The study of relation between physics and metaphysics is a fascinating subject. Jainism is one of the ancient religions of India and one of the unique systems of philosophy which had greatly contributed to the various branches of learning. It gives rational basis for understanding universe. It is a system known for its scientific character. The paper attempts to explore parallels between modern physics and Jaina philosophy. The act of comparing the findings of philosophical inquiry with the results of scientific pursuit may prove to be useful. "In the history of human thinking new, interesting and the most fruitful developments frequently take place when two different lines of thought meet and mutually interact." I have tried to highlight Jain metaphysical doctrines, especially, principle of non-absolutism to understand rationally the paradoxical behaviour of sub-atomic particles in physics. Jain philosophy is unique with its uncompromised realism and relative pluralism. Jainism believes in objective existence of the universe. Scientific theories are the result of observation. One must recognize metaphysical foundation of concept formation in empirical sciences. Though scientific laws are confirmed empirically they have a priori basis. There is no conflict between ontology and facts of experience. Jain ontology is based on Anekanta nature of

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Jainism and Quantum Mechanics 319 reality-the basic concept of which is permanence in change or identity in difference. Jainas recognized the complexity of existence "Nothing is merely changing... The seed is in the plant and tree and yet it is not there as the seed. This message of organic reality is an important Contribution of Jainism."2 According to Jainism reality is existence and existence is reality. Jain principle of non-absolutism takes into account the objective nature of physical world. I have tried to develop the thesis that Jain Anekantvada as a theory of reality is the science of all things as we find the application of theory in universe. It has been rightly observed that the doctrine of six substances in Jain ontology is the original contribution of Lord Mahavira. The whole universe is composed of two everlasting, uncreated and co-existent substances, namely, soul and nonsoul. Non-living substance is further divided into five kinds of which matter or Pudgal is a material substance, "Dharma, Adharma, space, Time, matter and soul are the six kinds of substances, they make this world as has been taught by the Jinas who possess the best knowledge." Thus the five non-living entities together with the living beings constitute the whole world of reality. Jain scriptures, thus have provided knowledge of external world also. Jain theories of Matter show a remarkable degree of similarity with those of modern science. Jain definition of substance is significant. "Substance or reality consists of origination, destruction and permanence." This trinity is the essence of Jain Philosophy. It is said existence is the essence of reality."5 Substance consists of qualities and modes. Modes are changing forms in which substance manifests itself. As is rightly said "A real is a unity and diversity in one." The doctrine of multiple nature of reality is undoubtedly the foundation of Jain Metaphysics, Jain Anekantvada is a holistic principle. With its theory of conditional predication it comes close to hypothesis of quantum theory. At present science is moving with probabilistic principle. In doctrine of conditional predication which consists of seven statements, all predications are uncertain. They depend on standpoints and different standpoints present different aspects of an object. In Jain metaphysics the doctrine of possibility of apparent contradictions in a real object is put forward as a corollary of Anekantavada multiple aspects of reality. It implies that an object is of a complex nature and it reconciles differences in itself. Thus Jain metaphysics starting with objective reality of world and the view that reality is manifold culminates into theory of non-absolutism. Perhaps implications of Syadvada and Anekantavada have significance for the concept of probability. Jain view of reality with its insistence on non-absolutistic approach is somewhat similar to concepts of modern science. The basic assumption in Jainism is non-onesided nature of reality "A thing is supposed to have infinite-fold character or innumerable aspects." This means that it is possible to apply different kinds of predicates to the thing depending upon different standpoints.

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320 Kokila Shah This concept of Anekanta - the manifoldness of reality is in fact a unique contribution of Jainism to philosophical tradition of India. Anekantavada is the theory of manifoldness of reality. It signifies plurality of characteristics of an object. It implies that in order to arrive at truth one should take into account "all possible angles of vision regarding any object." The emphasis is on complex and variable nature of reality. It denotes that each real has manifold aspects or diverse forms. Thus it follows that reality is endowed with characteristics which appear to be contradictory. Jain theory of relativity - Syadvada describes multifaceted reality by seven possible statements. The seemingly contradictory attributes of an object are compatible from different point of views. As it is put, "A particular mode appears only in a particular set of conditions. With changed conditions there will be another mode of existence of that thing. So all our knowledge of a thing at particular spatiotemporal locus is conditional and relative."10 Possibly, uncertainty principle is the foundational law of the world. It seems that Einstein's theory of relativity and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle are in accordance with the Jain metaphysical doctrines. With Aneka-ntava-da of Jainism one can comprehend reality not only in its complete form but also in its different aspects. Jaina term 'Pudgal' includes the concept of matter and various forms of energy. Matter is the most important of non-living substances. It constitutes the basis of material world. The atoms of different elements of matter build up physical object. Jain conception of matter as possessing energy and capable of undergoing various modifications has been confirmed by science. Modifications of pudgal take the form of sound, heat light etc. Einstein's theory proved that mass and energy are interchangeable. The law of conservation of mass and energy come into existence after Einstein's theory in early 20th century. This concept existed long before in Jainism. Modern science has confirmed the Jain principle that matter is never destroyed. Again the statement in Jain Agamas about unlimited energy of matter finds complete acceptance in modern science. Jainism is realistic pluralism Syadvada of the Jains presents the theory of possibility that is possibility of predicating different attributes of an object from the substantial point and from the point of view of modes. The doctrine of modes is also important. The implications of Jain doctrines are highly realistic and they need to be studied in scientific concepts. Perhaps comparison and analysis of the doctrines of Jain theory of relativity and their applications in Quantum mechanics may prove to be useful. Before, proceeding further, let us discuss the problem of dual nature of matter. More explicitly the theories of light whether light is in the form of waves or particles. Quantum mechanics tried to answer this problem. As far as jainism is concerned, Jain conception of nature of reality is non-absolutistic.

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Jainism and Quantum Mechanics Every thing is related with every other thing It is interesting to point out that quantum and relativity theories have extended the application of Jain relativism from philosophical to physical arena. Jain emphasis on complex and variable nature of reality may be compared with uncertainty principle of science. Is light constituted of waves or particles? Planck gave answer to it by quantum theory which comes close to Jain concept. Jainism solves the difficulty by means of the doctrine of multiple nature of reality called. Anekantavada which affirms the possibility of diverse attributes in one and the same thing. It may not be inappropriate to remark that Jain ontological doctrines have implications regarding the nature of Existence which may be of vital importance to science. Again the statement in Bhagvatisutra about unlimited energy of matter finds complete acceptance in modern science. It is to the credit of Jainism that it has given the world the science of Anekantavada, which has greatly enriched world philosophy. It is useful and indeed important to recognize science in Jaina doctrines. Some Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics and Jain Doctrine II The basic tenets of Quantum mechanics: 1. Theory of wave particle duality 2. Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty 3. Bohr's principle of complementarity 321 4. Non-acceptance of Deterministic Laws 5. Role of observer consciousness that is, non-material substance is an essential constituent of the universe. Modern physics is dominated by the Ideas of quantum Mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with sub-atomic system. It explains the behaviour of microscopic particles. The theory of quantum mechanics was formed in first quarter of 20th century a development that was closely connected with the confirmation that matter is made up of atom. Max Planck laid the foundations of Quantum physics by putting forward a hypothesis. It is considered as one of the great ideas of the 20th century. It was developed by Bohr and Heisenberg which led to a drastic reappraisal of the concept of objective reality. Thus Quantum theory was developed to account for certain phenomena that could not be explained by classical physics. The equation of Quantum mechanics required that certain quantity such as energy of an atom can come only in specific discrete units. Quantum theory successfully predicts properties and behaviour of atoms, elementary particles, and forces that compose them. No theory in history of science has been more successful than quantum theory. It underline our understanding of chemistry, atomic and subatomic physics, electronics and even Biology. It believes that

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322 Kokila Shah our knowledge about external world has to be Quantum mechanical. It means there is no perfect determinism. Theory of wave particle duality. As far as the behaviour of subatomic particles is concerned the problem was - Is light constituted of waves or particles ? Planck gave answer to it by quantum theory. Quantum mechanics which deals with atomic and subatomic systems is based on the premise that all forms of energy are released in discrete bundles called quantum, Planck attributed wave-particle duality to matter or light. Einstein also used the idea of quanta to explain the photo electric effect establishing that electromagnetic radiation has a dual nature, behaving sometimes as a wave motion and sometimes as a stream of particle like quanta. According to Quantum mechanics, entities such as particles can behave like waves in certain situations, while entities which we think of as wave e.g. light can behave like particles. It is concluded that light had both wave particle aspect. This theory, is known as theory of wave particle Duality - which may be substantiated by Jain Anekantavada. Heisenberg's principle : Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty is fundamental to quantum mechanics. It throws light on wave particle dualism problem. It is said to have incorporated relativistic Ideas into quantum mechanics. It is to be noted that the Laws of quantum mechanics are not deterministic Laws. They lead to a probabilistic description of nature. This view has philosophical implications, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle showed how we cannot be completely sure of the exact position of a sub-atomic particle. In later development of quantum mechanics the role of observer is also recognized. Complementarity principle : Bohr threw new light on the wave particle duality theory by his complementarity principle. The interesting consequence of the uncertainty principle is the dual nature of light (matter), that is light is both wave and particle. These two descriptions complement rather than contradict each other. Quantum mechanics becomes more successful by this principle, what follows from the Quantum mechanics is-There are no certainties, only probabilities. It is interesting to point out that Jaina view of reality also takes some such position. This apparent contradiction that light can appear sometimes as wave and sometimes as particles can be resolved. This view is consistent as this can be possible from different standpoints. Probability and not absolute certainty is a major characteristic of quantum physics."11 Nothing can be said with absolute precision. This principle comes close to Jaina metaphysical approach. Perhaps there is parallel between implications of quantum mechanics and Jain non-Absolutism.

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Jainism and Quantum Mechanics 323 Interestingly Jaina theory about reality denies inalterability of Being This theory takes into account all possible aspects of a thing and can give us complete truth. Thus, there is remarkable similarity between Jain view and Quantum Mechanics. To understand properly the relation between and quantum mechanics it is necessary to understand the non-absolutist attitude of the Jains regarding the nature of Reality which is already discussed. The unique metaphysics of the Jains based upon their unique epistemology deserves attention. According to it, logic and experience go together. Possibly with this approach Jainism can help science to rediscover truth. Jainism asserts that reality is a synthesis of opposites-change and permanence. It is pertinent to note in this context "Non-absolutism of Jains is not the result of negation of absolute and extremes but their unification and integration as a system."12 what I want to establish is that there is no uncompromised antagonism between science and religion. Research in sub atomic field has revealed the need for revision of some fundamental concepts to concept of matter and worldview. As it is observed some physicists noticed close relationship between the ancient and traditional philosophical ideas and the philosophical substance of Quantum Theory."13 Especially Jainism has a unique way of dealing with paradoxical aspect of reality through its tenet of non-absolutism. "The most striking parallel between the notions of atomic physics and those of Jain philosophy is the principle of unification of the opposites... The Jains always emphasized the paradoxical opposites instead of bypassing or concealing them... The dual and paradoxical aspect of matter can be properly understood if one applies the principle of anekantavada."14 Anekantavada is the theory of non-onesidedness as the versatility of aspects. Thus opposites are relative. Law of Non-Absolutism i.e. Anekantavada asserts that only what is permanent can change. Opposites are therefore not irreconcilable. This kind of unification of concepts may prove to be useful for further exploration between Jainism and Quantum mechanics. : The Jain theory of universe is that "Paramanus dominate the whole universe. These microscopic particles while retaining their particle form can behave like a wave. We can reveal parallels between Jainism and some scientific concepts. The Paradox of wave-particle duality of light could be explained by the concept of complementarity introduced by Neils Bohr. This concept states that both of wave aspect and the particle aspects of and light are necessary to fully understand light. Light or for that matter anything cannot be both wave-like and particle like in the some context. But as it is observed "This precisely is the

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Kokila Shah Jaina position with regard to any two opposites... Jain theory of nonabsolutism offers the best explanation of wave particle paradox."15 "The duality of apparently contrary attributes enjoys mutual concomitance."16 is the basic axiom of non-absolutism. The principle of non-absolutism expounds the multiple nature of reality. 324 "Quantum mechanics also does not predict single definite result for an observation. It predicts a number of possible outcomes and introduces a probability factor." Further it is rightly observed that Einstein's theory of relativity and Heisenberg's theory uncertainty are in tune with Jain doctrine of Anekanta."18 What is of special interest is that science today is moving towards its latest tenets formulated by Einstein, Planck, Heisenberg's and others which were affirmed by Jain sages long back. It must be admitted that Jainism has made original contribution in the field of Relativistic physics. The concept of paryaya is fundamental to Jain view of reality. There are infinite ways or modes in which an object can exist. In 1926 Heisenberg discovered the law of uncertainty this uncertainty this uncertainty principle is said to be a fundamental inescapable property of the world. It is suggestive of parallel between Jainism and Quantum mechanics. As regards duality of waves and particles, unpredictability occurs, which may be compared to inexpressible of Saptabhangi a mode of statement of Syadvada. Syadvada approaches a theory with an open unbiased mind and tries to see its sustainability from different aspects. Thus apparently inconsistent doctrines are reconciled by science of Anekanta. Researches in the field of physics, surprisingly substantiate Jain philosophical contention. Conclusion: It may not be inappropriate to remark in the end that Jain ontological doctrines have implications regarding the nature of existence which may be of vital importance to science. It is indeed important to recognize striking similarity between science and Jain doctrines. From the foregoing discussion a few observations may be made, which can be fruitful. 1. Nothing is destructible. This is the atom of science and also of Jain Metaphysics. 2. Both Jainism and science believe in objective reality of the universe and its eternity. 3. Truth is relative. 4. Inter dependence or relatedness of all phenomena has to be admitted. Theory of relativity is simple. According to which reality depends on the conditions of the observed and observer. Absolutism has to be given up. Knowledge knows no limitations and boundaries. 5. Jaina theory of multiple nature of reality asserts complex nature of

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325 Jainism and Quantum Mechanics reality as permanence in the midst of appearance and disappearance. The Jain definition of substance as possessing both qualities and modes is significant. The modifications refer to the various forms that a substance can take. The function of philosophy is to reconcile the contradictory aspects of reality. 6. Universe is governed by its own laws. It is remarkable that laws of Quantum mechanics are not deterministic laws. They lead to probabilistic description of nature. This view has philosophical implications. 7. It has been rightly observed that 'Quantum and relativity theories have extended the applicability of Jain relativism from philosophical to physical phenomena. Perhaps Jain concepts can throw new light on the problem of wave particle duality. The problem can be solved by saying that light can be wave or particle or both and its true nature can never be understood completely unless we take in to account all its aspects. Jainism does not go against empirical data. It is through experience that we can discover relation between an object and its modes. This is perhaps the most interesting aspect of Jain-approach. The multi dimensional vision of Jain theory is in accordance with the rational perspectives of modern science Jain metaphysics give widest possible indulgence to every conceivable theory. Our conclusion requires us to bring together Jainism and Quantum mechanics. It is to the credit of Jainism that it has given to the world the science of Anekantavada which has greatly enriched philosophy. There is deep wisdom in each and every aspect of Jaina philosophy which must be observed. Further researches of Jain metaphysics in the light of modern science may prove to be illuminating. In my opinion, relation between Jain Syadvada conditional dialectic and principle of . complementarity may be further explored by scholars to study real world in its completeness which may prove to be fruitful. Philosophers and scientists both are concerned with attainment of truth. Possibly the mysteries of the universe can be unlocked by bridging the gulf between science and religion. Jain philosophy is related to physics but it goes beyond physics. Further research needs to be done in this field. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. REFERENCES Heisenberg; 'Physics ad Philosophy', p. 161. Quoted from Micro cosmology Introduction by J. Zaveri, Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladnun, 1982, p. 61. Kundakunda 'Panastikayasara, introduction', p. ixxiv Chakravarti and Upadhyaya, Bhartiya Jnanpeeth, 2007. 'Uttaradhyayana Sutra', xxvii 6, 7, Tr. By Jacobi. "Tattvarth Sutra', 5-22. Ibid S. Mukherji, 'Jaina Philosophy of non-Absolutism'.

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326 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Kokila Shah B. K. Motilal, 'The Central Philosophy of Jainism', L.D. series 79, L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1981, p. 60. Padmarajiah, Jain Theory of Reality and knowledge', Motilal Banarasidas, 2004, p. 273. B. K. Motilal. 'The Central Philosophy of non-Absolutism', p. 24. M. R. Gelra, 'Science in Jainism', Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladnun, 2002, p. 17. J.S. Zaveri, 'Micro Cosmology', Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladnun, 1982, p. 27. Ibid, p. 81 Heisenberg; 'Physics and Philosophy', Allen & Unwin London, 1958. J.S. Zaveri, 'Micro Cosmology', Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladnun, 1982, p. 135. J. S. Zaveri, 'An Article in Book facets of Jaina Philosophy and Religion and Culture', p. 71. ed. By Rampuria, Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladriun, 1996. Acharya Mahaprajna, 'An article: The axioms of non-Absolutism Facts of Jain Philosophy, Religion and Culture', (Anekantavada and syadvada) ed. by S. Rampuria, Ladnun, Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, 1996, p. 18. Gelra M. R. 'Science in Jainism', Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladnun, 2002, p. 18. Ibid, p. 16.

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Jain Diaspora Late Dr. L. M. Singhvi, in one of his last public speaking role, inaugurated first ever JAIN DIASPORA conference at JAINA Convention in July of 2007. There were many luminaries present on the dais: Dr. N. P. Jain (Diplomat and former Ambassador to the U.N.), Dr. Kumarpal Desai, Acharya Shri Chandanaji, Gurudev Shri Chitrabhanuji, etc. and in the audience were delegates from Kuwait, Dubai, and UK with scores of Jain leaders from the USA and Canada. It was an electrifying gathering, as everyone in the room believed that they were witnessing a historic moment - beginning of a global movement to unite all the Jains. Since then every two years, at JAINA conventions, lectures, seminars and discussions occur on JAIN DIASPORA but the magic of the First Diaspora Conference never reappeared. Why? The answer to that question lies in the understanding of how Jain communities in various countries came into being and how they grew. Lets first look at where overseas Jains are. The word Diaspora is a Greek word meaning any particular community leaving outside its own country. There are roughl 300,000 Jains living outside of India. North America (US and Canada) has about 1,25,000; Europe 50,000; Africa 400,008,000; in Nepal, 6,000; in Persian gulf countries 3,000; in Singapore and Dilip Shah

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328 Dilip Shah Malayesia 2,500; in Australia and smaller communities in countries like Japan, Thailand, Now let us examine some of these communities in detail. We will begin with state of Jainism in US and Canada. North America : The first noteworthy Jain to visit US was the citizen scholar Veerchand Raghavji Gandhi at the First Parliament of the World religions in Chicago in 1893. He not only represented Jainism but also spoke proudly of Hinduism and India. He put to rest many misconceptions about people and traditions of India without denigrating any other religion. He dazzled western religious leaders by his command of English language and his knowledge of Christianity and western culture in general. In 1904 World Fair in St. Lois, an intricately carved wooden replica of a Jain Temple was displayed.(This is now majestically displayed at the Jain Center of Southern California - Los Angeles But significant migration of Jains did not begin until 1960's. The first Jain Sangh (Jain Center of America) was established in NY in 1965. They did not have a place of their own for their center so they met at the homes of various Jain families and began planning for the first Jain Temple in America. During 1960's US government relaxed immigration rules and opened her doors to skilled labors like Physicians, Engineers or Scientists. At about the same time Government of India relaxed foreign exchange rules allowing more students to go abroad for higher education. Thus began the brain drain of most talented individuals from India to the US. Significant numbers of these highly educated immigrants were Jains. As more Jains arrived, many small Jain communities began to form in large American cities like New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Detroit. 1972 saw the arrival of most notable Jain - Gurudev Shri Chitrabhanuji to address the third World Spiritual Conference at Harvard University. At first, he attracted many Americans as he was invited to many Universities and religious gatherings to speak on meditation and his message of peace and Ahimsa. He settled in New York and with the help of his American students, in 1973 rented a studio and established Jain Meditation International Center. Slowly some Jains started attending and the Jain Center of America loaned a marble statue of Shri Mahaveer Swami. As more Jains started to attend programs at JMIC to hear lectures and perform Pratikraman, Poojasetc, Chitrabhanuji became the spiritual leader of the Jains in the NY and NJ area along with scores of American students who had accepted Vegetarianism and meditation as a way of life and regularly attending Gurudev's lectures on spiritual enhancements. During his visit to India in 1973, Chitrabhanuji met with Acharya Sushilkumarji in New Delhi and invited him to America. By the year 1981

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Jain Diaspora 329 under the leadership of Jain Center of southern California representatives of various Jain centers of NY, Washington DC, San Francisco etc. held a first ever Jain convention in Los Angeles. Acharya Sushilkumarji arrived in the USA in 1975. Chitrabhanuji and Sushilkumarji met again in 1983 and together formed JAINA. This was going to be the organizations of all the Jain Sanghs in North America representing all the Jains without any distinction of sect, languages or the regions they came from. Over the years, JAINA has served its members through 26 committees like Education, pilgrimage, world community service, matrimonial, scholar visitation, calendars, Academic Liaison committee and youth organizations YJA and YJP. This singular event, formation of a national organization of Jains early on in the era of immigration to North America is the reason for a model unity of Swetambers, Digambers, Sthanakwasis, Terapanthis, followers of Shrimad Rajchandraji and followers of Dada Bhagwan. The first two leaders of the community (Gurudev Shri Chitrabhanuji and Acharya Shri Sushilmuniji) forged a durable and fruitful partnership and preached unity of Jains in creating JAINA but did not take any position in the organization. This unity has made JAINA a premiere organization in the world as it stands foremost for the unity of Jains. As their numbers grew and obtained their Masters and Doctoral degrees, got jobs, married and started to raise their families, bought homes - they felt it important to build their own places of worships. Some communities built their own Jain Temples; some built combined Hindu Jain Temples. Most of the Jain Temples in North America are composite Swetamber, Digambar and Sthanakwasi establishments. Acharya Sushilkumarji, a Sthanakwasi, broke with traditions and had his followers build SIDDHACHALAM - a 100 acre Ashram in Pocono mountains region in NJ with a huge Temple with Swetamber and Digambar idols. Presently, Siddhachalam is building a replica of Shri Sametshikharji that will be a must visit Temple for all he Jains visiting America. First generation of Jains jokingly identify themselves as having arrived in America with just $ 8.00 in their pocket but in the last 50 years they have established 67 Jain centers in US and Canada and invested over Two Million Dollars to build about 50 Jain Temples. Some of these Temples are world-class temples and worthy of being called Tirthbhoomies of the western world. Jains of America did not just build Temples. They created a robust program of inviting Jain Scholars to the various centers for religious discourses. Bandhu Triputi, Pandit Dhirajbhai Mehta, Bhattarakji of Moodbidri, Humcha and Shravan Belgoda, Hukamchandji Bharil, Sagarmal Jain, Acharya Chandanaji, Sunandaben Vora, Dr. Kumarpal Desai, Dr. Jitendra B. Shah, Rakeshbhai Jhaveri, Tarlaben Doshi and many others have

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330 Dilip Shah made many trips to US and Canada visiting various Jain Temples and explaining tenants and philosophy of Jainism. World Community Service of JAINA has undertaken many humanitarian causes to help victims of natural or manmade disasters in places like Kobe, Rwanda, Haiti, Andaman Islands, Latur, and Kutch. JAINA education committee has created non-sectarian pathshala curriculum in English for children ranging from age 5 to 15 and is used in most Jain centers in the North America. Pathshala teachers in UK, Singapore, Kenya and India order these books that are sold. The education committee has also created a free huge Jain e-library on the web. It has put over 5,500 books, 4,000 articles, 1,000 magazines and 187 manuscripts in English, Gujarati and Hindi that has been visited by individuals from 97 countries and downloaded nearly 175000 files. Similar progress has been made in training young scholars and creating facilities for Jain academic education in colleges and universities of North America. As a result, nearly 20 universities offer regular classes in Jain dharma and about 3,000 students attend these classes regularly. In addition to JAINA and the 67 Jain Centers, many other Jain, organizations service Jains of North America. Young Jains of North America, International Alumni Association of Mahaveer Jain Jain Vidyalaya, JainVishvabharti, KOJAIN, Anekanta Community Center, International School for Jain Studies, a multi-lingual website Jain World, Jain Adhyatmik Association of North America and followers of Rakeshbhai Jhaveri and Dada Bhagwan group. As you can see, Jain community in North America is spiritually well nourished with Temples, Pathshalas and scholarly visits. JAINA participates in the Parliament of World religion meetings every time. JAINA has started to work with various Jain organizations like JITO in India in the area of education for poor children but largely speaking, it has no meaningful interactions with Jain organizations in any other country. U.K. has 30,000 Jains the second largest Jain population outside India. Majority of them in and around Greater London. Some 75 to 80 percent of total Jains here have come from East Africa (Like Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania); some have come here from Aden (Yemen) and the rest have directly come from India. Majority of all Jains here are Shvetambara Jains.There are more than 20 Jain groups in the U.K. The largest of them is Oshwal Association of the UK (OAUK). Other notable groups are: Institute of Jainology, Shree Digambar Jain Association of UK, Jain Network, NavnatVanik Association, Shree Raj Saubhag Ashram -Sayla, Jain Vishwa Bharati, VeerayatanYoung Jains UK and Jain Samaj Europe.

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Jain Diaspora 331 Oshwal Association of UK : Founded in 1968, OAUK is the largest Jain organization of UK founded by Halari Visa Oshwals. The population of Oshwals in the UK is estimated to be in excess of 25,000. The Association comprises of nine geographically defined branches. They have a beautiful Shikharbandh Derasar in Potters Bar, which is a major attraction for Jains and non-Jains from all over the world. Oshwal Mahajanwadi in Croydon serves the Oshwals of the south London and has a Ghar Derasar. Recently they have acquired and Oshwal Ekta Center in Kingsbury. Institute of Jainology : Founded in 1983, the mission of the organization is to propagate Jainism and its values through art, culture and education. The institute has offices in London and Ahmedabad. Of the many laudable projects under taken by them, Cataloguing of Jain manuscripts in the British museum, Jain Pedia web site, ahimsa day celebration and awarding yearly Ahimsa Award Jain Samaj Europe Founded in 1973 in the heart of the Leicester City, under the leadership of Dr. Natubhai Shah (former student of Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya) with the vision to establish a modern European center for Jains of all sects where they all work together in order to practice and promote the Jain doctrine. Funding for the project came from Jains from all over the world and a grant of PS 250,000 from Leicester city council and the central government. An old spacious church building was converted into a beautiful Jain Temple. Within the Jain Centre building, the upper hall provides appropriate space for the acts of communal worship and space for celebrating various Jain events. 10 magnificent stained glass windows illustrating events in the life of Mahavir from conception to liberation bound the hall. Access to these floors is gained via the stairs with elegantly finished wooden balustrades. Standing on the landing area, murals showing the life of the tirthankar Mahavir can be admired. From the top of the stairs Digambar Jinalay is accessed to the left and Gurusthanak is situated on the right. The upper foyer reveals on intricacy of amazing mirror work, carried out by famous artisans from India. The Swetambar Jinalay presents a magnificent piece of Jain architecture constructed from the yellow Jaisalmer stone of Rajasthan, India. This has 44 pillars, 13 arches, a beautiful temple dome and ceiling, all finished in intricate traditional Jain carvings. The Jinalay mirrored framed walls, concealed lighting and traditional door to the images enclosure (Garbhagriha). The center also has Shrimad Rajchandra Gyan Mandir and Sthanakvasi upashray. Requested by the 10, Downing street, the Prime Minister John Major did visit the Temple in 1994 so did senior members of the Royal family paid their respect in the year 2000. The Jain Network. The newest organization in London - also founded by

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332 Dilip Shah Dr. Natubhai Shah - The Jain Network has purchased a spacious building near Colindale tube station, outskirts of London. The mission of the Jain Network is to seek to improve spiritual and physical quality of life and the wider community and promote Jainism in the western world. The present property, more than 12,000 sq. feet built up area, has been refurbished to make it habitable and has beautifully carved wooden temple with murtis of Bhagwan Parshvanath, Munisuvarat Swami and also Padmavati Mata, Community Hall, Seminar Room, Offices and ancillary facilities. The Network plans, and the local authorities have approved the plans to demolish it in near future for a Jain Centre on ground + 2 floors; the ground and first floor for the community activities for Jains and wider public second floor as a place of worship for all the Jains and 3 flats for visiting scholars. Mahavir Foundation - Established in 1987 under the leadership of Chief Bhandari and Hasmukhbhai Gardi, Mahavir Foundation has rebuilt an old Ghar-Derasar with a prestigious Pratistha Mahotsav in April of 2012 in Kenton, Harrow area that is very popular.The Mul-nayak is Mahavir Swami. There is special area for the devotees of Shrimad Rajchandra. There are other Temples in UK such as Jain Samaj Temple in Manchester with a large building for social and cultural needs, Kailash-giri Jain Temple - in Hounslow, Established by Jain Mahila Sant Kumari Satyawatiji, Sanatan Temple - Leeds some 300 miles from London within a Hindu temple a special small 'Jain Temple' has been created. First Digamber Temple outside India was inaugurated in London under the guidance of Shri Kanji Swami. Belgium : There are about 350 Jain families living in Antwerp. All Jains in Antwerp have come directly from Gujarat to Antwerp for diamond trade. Most of them came to Antwerp at the end of the 1970s or in the early 1980s. Most of them are between 40 and 60 years old. In the meantime, many of them got the Belgian nationality or an unlimited residence permit. In the early days, the migrants settled close to the diamond centers. After some time, the Indian migrants bought land in the district of Wilrijk, where they proceeded to build their villas. Today many Jain families also live in Edegem and Schoten, districts. In 1992, the Jains decided to build a Temple on the 4,000m2 plot of land they had bought from a Belgium company years ago. They established Jain Cultural Center Antwerp, (J.C.C.A.) and built a Shankheshvar Parshvanath Mandir. Africa : Mostly Jains from Kutch in particular and rest of Gujarat, first arrived in Zanzibar which was the most advanced country in East Africa and they were encouraged by then Sultan Seyyid Bargash to bring their families with them. He promised them all Facilities such as water and electricity. These Jain arrived in Dhows (Small Boats) many of them lost lives in the

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Jain Diaspora 333 stormy sea of Socotra and by bombardment of Japanese. Not until the advent of Uganda Railway in 1850, did the Jain traders moved on the mainland of Kenya and Tanzania. Today, there is a very vibrant Jain community in Nairobi (25,000) consisting mostly of Halari Visa Oswals who came here about 100 years ago. Many of their descendants have moved to Britain or other western countries. In Nairobi, there is a huge Visha Oshwal center and a beautiful Muni suvratswami marble Temple established in 1984. There is a Digamber Temple, Sthanaks and four other Derasars in Nairobi. Also there are Beautiful Jain Temples in Mombasa, and one in Thika - all in Kenya. There is one Jain Temple in Dar-es-Salaam, one in Arusha and one full fledge Ghar Derasar in Dar-es-Salaam - all in Tanzania. There are 2 Jain Temples in Zanzibar and one upashraya. : Nepal : Nepal has about 6,000 Jains of all the sects. There is one unified Temple in Kathmandu, 3 Km from the airport in a Pagoda style. Established in 1979, on the ground floor is a Digamber Temple and Terapanth place for worship and on first floor is a Swetamber Temple. There is Jain Bhavan next to it and rooms for pilgrims. Persian Gulf Countries : Total Jain population in the Gulf countries is about 6,000 half of them in the UAE countries. The migration to the gulf countries started in late 1970's. In the entire gulf countries public gatherings for Propagation of non-Islamic religion is not allowed and citizenship is rarely granted except high profile individuals who may have contributed greatly to the state. Never the less there are 5 or 6 Ghar Derasars in Dubai and one in Oman. But the Jain population particularly in Dubai is rising since 2006 as Diamond Merchants from Belgium and India have set up their offices attracted by friendly economic policies of the state. Hong Kong : There are about 2,000 jains in Hong Kong. There is a Swetamber Temple of Adinath in a flat on 7th floor of a downtown building. Malayesia : Some of the Jains arrived in Malayesia way back in 15th and 16th century in Malacca. Today there are almost 3,000 jains in Malayesia and has a Shri Parshwanath Temple in the city of Ipoh that was built in 2003 with inspiration from Pujya Shri Jinchandraji Maharaj. Thailand : There are 600 Jain families in Thailand with both Digamber and Swetamber Temples. Most of the Jains here are in Diamond and Jewelry business. Mahidol University in Bank Cong has a major Jain studies program in conjunction with International School for Jain Studies. Singapore : Migration to Singapore started around 1910. In 1972, the Singapore Jain Religious Society was formed and in 1978 purchased the land

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334 Dilip Shah measuring about 1000 sq. meters and built a two-storey building. The hall on the second floor was used for religious functions and had an office and library. The ground floor consisted of an open hall, built up kitchen, store, parking lots and open spaces. Any Jain, speaking any language, regardless of creed could become a member and carry out Jain religious activities. In 1995 a new modern building was constructed. It had a fully air-conditioned prayer hall a Sthanak on the second floor. First floor has all the amenities for cooking facility of up to 1000 people. A Temple was added recently on the second floor. Jain scholars are regularly invited for Paryushan observation. Today the Jain population in Singapore is estimated to be about 1000. Singapore has a huge population of Tamils and thus also has a small community of Tamil Jains. The Tamil Jains in Singapore congregate under the banner of Singapore Tamil Jains Forum. The Government has recognized Jainism as one of the ten official religions of Singapore. Japan : Jains started arriving in Japan in mid 1950's for the pearl trade. In 1985 they built a first Temple in Kobe. There are two more Jain Temples in Japan. The estimated Jain population today is about 400 families. Australia : Jain Population in Australia is about 1,000. Jains are concentrated in big cities like Sydney, Perth, Canberra and Melbourne. Since early 2000 many students arrived for higher studies and many chose to stay. There are Jain Temples in Sydney (Simandhar Swami Temple), in Canberra (Mahaveer Swami Digamber Temple) inside a Hindu Temple and a Swetamber Temple in Melbourne. When we look at the overall picture, we see Jains have made their homes in almost 40 countries and have generally prospered. Initially they left their homeland for business or higher education but now they have settled in those countries. Many have diluted their ties to the JANMABHOOMI. Less than 30% of them are now traders. Many of the current generation have now turned professionals - Doctors, Engineers, Software Designers and Diamond Dealers. They have tried to pass on their Jain heritage to their children and grand children by building Temples but failed to get the youth involved in JAINISM. This may be because so many of the first generation of Jains are ritual oriented, Quest for education and their JAINATVA has placed them in high positions in their various KARMABHOOMIES. But sadly, something is lacking. There is not one united JAIN DIASPORA. We are all divided into shiny, tall silos as if there were scores of Diasporas.Living safe and satisfied with our successes but in our own cocoons and distant from each other. Various Diasporas like Jewish Diaspora or Greek Diaspora were solidified because of their fears - fear for their lives and their cultures. It is true that Jains are not

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Jain Diaspora 335 facing any mortal danger in or outside India but our culture is eroding and our numbers are declining. But we are blissfully ignorant of these threats. There is no connection between Jains of Kenya to Jains of Singapore or the Jains of Australia have no dialog with Jains in Canada. May be economic self sufficiency of individual Jains has created apathy towards the wider Jain brotherhood. It is ironic that in these days of instant communications, there are no connections between the communities. There is no central record of overseas Jains - no single register of Jain Temples world wide - no database of Jain scholars (western or home grown) outside of India or no list of world class Jain Doctors or scientists or philanthropists (Yes, there are Jain Philanthropists outside India). We are a very fragmented community. For a vibrant Diaspora to exist, it must have 3 Characteristics : * Assimilation and growth in the host country. * Maintaining ties with the homeland. * Maintaining relationships between the communities. On the first two issues - Assimilation and ties with homeland, there is a mixed picture. Jains from around the world visit India for social visits with relatives and friends, pilgrimages to our holly places, matrimonial reasons and just plain nostalgia. But as to maintaining relationships between the communities, we have a very bad record. As I began writing this essay, I realized how poor our state of knowledge about our brothers in distant lands is. Even inquiring of population of Jains in various countries elicits wildly contradictory numbers. The listing above is incomplete or grossly inadequate. Loss of the sense of togetherness is already showing some ill effects. Out side * India, many Jain children of marrying ages are having tough time finding Jain life partners. Many Jains are identifying themselves as Hindus. Their knowledge of Jainism is limited to Navkar Mantra and some adherence to Vegetarianism. Sectarian divides is hurting efforts towards unity. Many of our widowed senior citizens in their adopted lands are living a life of loneliness even if they are economically well off. These occurrences do not bode well for the future of Jainism. Jains are a minority community in India. Outside India they are even less than minority. The world knows very little about Jainism and Jains have not done a lot to change that. Jains as a whole, partly due to their upbringing, remained socially insulated from the societies they live in. In the very near future, Temple building activities will slow down and need to have professional managers to help grow the communities will arise. A structured * leadership of ascetics will also be required that can preach unity of the Jains and provide fundamental knowledge of Jainism to the new generation. We

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336 Dilip Shah will need bridges between the various overseas Jain communities. Fortunately, today's technology can help us bridge that gap. Web based alliances and programs can bring sense of togetherness. We desperately need a global Jain Diaspora movement. The Jain diaspora can become much stronger and benefit from each other substantially if they remain actively connected in all these ways. In this age of social networking, it is a must. This process can take place formally as well as informally. An entity like JAINA, JITO and IOJ or some such group in India can take a lead in initiating and coordinating with all and organizing world/ regional gatherings periodically. The conference agenda should have solid areas where each other can benefit in all different ways including opportunities for matrimonial and trade. Organizations in India should promote Jain pilgrimages to the overseas jains. The informal ways are what people are already using these days - Facebook, email, twitter, etc. Besides the conferences, publications are another area. A good place to start can be with a directory of organizations initially and followed by individuals later for the entire diaspora. Strong ties to academic communities should also be developed and nurtured because the new generation will be far more likely to get their knowledge of Jainism through academia. There are many Jain professionals with skills needed to create a virtual platform for all the Jains. This web-based platform can provide many needed services like religious, social and business connections. This platform can provide useful information for travelers, academic and scholarly exchanges and sense of oneness are all within realm of possibilities and absolutely necessary for the preservation of our heritage if only we are willing to work at

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SINCE 1915 prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya muMbaI