Jain Kumar sambhava ka Adhyayan

Author(s): Shyam Bahadur Dixit
Publisher: Ilahabad University
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010493/1

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jayazekhA sUri kRta jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA sAhityika adhyayana OF RSITTA LAMA UOTAL AMIT KROS 2002 ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya kI DI0 phil0 upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha-prabandha zodhArthI zyAma bahAdura dIkSita nirdezikA DaoN0 zrImatI maMjulA jAyasavAla upAcArya saMskRta vibhAga ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ilAhAbAda saMskRta vibhAga ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ilAhAbAda

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maGgalAcaraNa nArAyaNaM namaskRtya naraM caiva nrottmm| devIM sarasvatIM caiva tato jymudiiryet|| namo bhagavate tasmai kRssnnaayaadbhutkrmnne| rUpa-nAma-vibhedena jagat krIDati yo ytH|| zAntAkAraM bhujagazayanaM padmanAbhaM sureshm| vizvAdhAraM gaganasadRzaM meghavarNaM shubhaanggm|| lakSmIkAntaM kamalanayanaM yogibhirdhyaangmym| vande viSNuM bhavabhayaharaM srvlokaiknaathm||

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prAkkathana bhAratIya kAvya sAhitya apane sUkSma evaM gahana vicAroM ke lie jagata prakhyAta hai| aneka kAvyazAstriyoM ne samaya-samaya para apane navonmeSazAlinI pratibhA ke sahAre ise parivartita evaM susajjita kiyA hai| jaina AcArya mahAkavi jayazekharasUri una kAvya marmajJoM meM vizeSa sthAna rakhate hai yadyapi unhoMne unnIsa granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai tathApi jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kI racanA se hI ve mahAkavi kI pratiSThApUrNa padavI se vibhUSita hue, kyoMki mahAkAvya kA nirmANa kisI bhI kavi kA carama lakSya hotA hai jo use mahAkavi kahalAne kA adhikArI banAtA hai| ata: isa mahAkAvya kI kAvyazAstrIya samAlocanA ke uparAnta vidvAnoM ne ise eka zreSTha mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM gaNanA kI hai| __prastuta zodha prabandha ko nava adhyAya meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya 'jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva' meM kAvya kA svarUpa, kAvya vaiziSTya, kAvya-bheda tathA jainakumArasambhava ke mahAkAvyatva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya "jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvanavRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jainakAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM" ke aMtargata mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri kI jIvanavRtta, racanAeM tathA jaina-kAvya sAhitya ke nirmANa kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM sAhityika avasthAoM kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya ke nirmANa ke mUla preraNAoM ke sambandha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAbha "jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathAvastu tathA usa

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para prabhAva" meM isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kahA~ aura kaise kI gayI, isameM varNita kathAnaka kA mUla kina granthoM se grahaNa kiyA gayA tathA kathAvastu kA sargAnusAra saMkSipta varNana tathA grantha lekhana kI preraNA ityAdi kA saMkSipta varNana caturtha adhyAya "pAtroM kA vivecana" meM isa mahAkAvya ke nAyaka RSabhadeva ke caritra-citraNa ke sAtha nAyikA sumaMgalA aura sunandA ke atirikta aMgabhUta nAmaka indra tathA aMgabhUta nAyikA sacI ke dvArA isa mahAkAvya meM kiye gaye yogadAna kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| paMcama adhyAya "jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa" meM mukhya rUpa se zRGgAra tathA gauNa rasa ke rUpa meM vAtsalya, hAsya, bhayAnaka evaM zAnta rasa tathA isa mahAkAvya meM prayukta sattaraha prakAra ke chandoM kA vivecana, mAdhurya evaM prasAda Adi guNoM ke sampannatA ke sAtha-sAtha katipaya doSoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| SaSThamra adhyAya "jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA" ke aMtargata bhASA, bhAva, kalpanA evaM paramparA ke AdhAra para isa mahAkAvya kI samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya "jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumAra sambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" ke aMtargata kathAvastu, bhASA-zailI, guNa, vRtti, rIti, bhAva saundarya, prakRti nirUpaNa, rasa, chanda, alaGkAra Adi kI dRSTi se donoM mahAkAvyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSA saMkSipta rUpa se kiyA gayA hai|

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aSTama adhyAya "jainakumArasambhava eka preraNAsrota" ke aMtargata isa mahAkAvya kA paravartI mahAkAvyoM para par3e hue prabhAva kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| navam, adhyAya ke aMtargata isa mahAkAvya meM prayukta katipaya sUktiyoM kA ullekha karate hue zodha-prabandha kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai|

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AbhAra yaha zodha-prabandha mere pUrva paryavekSaka paramapUjya guruvarya svargIya DaoN0 rudrakAnta mizra (pUrva upAcArya saMskRta vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya) ke smRti meM prastuta hai| jinake kuzala nirdezana kRpA va sajjanatA se yaha zodha-prabandha anuprANita huA hai sAtha hI maiM vartamAna paryavekSaka zraddheya guruvarya DaoN0 zrImatI maMjulA jAyasavAla (upAcArya saMskRta vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya) ke prati hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne apanI kRpA va sneha kA pAtra mujhe samajhakara isa zodha-prabandha ke prastutIkaraNa meM merA sahayoga kiyaa| isI prasaGga meM maiM zraddheya guruvarya DaoN0 surezacandra pANDeya jI (pUrva adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya) kA bhI hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne isa mahAkAvya ke viSaya meM sarvaprathama mujhe avagata karAkara isa para zodhakArya karane ke lie utprerita kiyA aura samaya-samaya para protsAhita karate rhe| isI pariprekSya meM unhIM ke ziSya DaoN0 zrI azoka siMha (prAdhyApaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, karauMdI, vArANasI) ke prati bhI maiM atyanta AbhArI hU~ jinake sahayoga se mujhe yaha mahAkAvya upalabdha ho paayaa| sAtha hI maiM apane samasta gurujanoM kA bhI hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinhoMne aneka sadparAmarza pradAna kiyA hai tathA maiM apane mAtA jI, pitA jI, cAcA jI, dAdI mA~ evaM bar3e bhAI kA bhI hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinakA AzIrvAda va sneha mere avalamba rhe| mujhe apane mitroM se sadA isa kArya ko sampanna karane hetu preraNA aura utsAha prApta hotA rahA, jisakI abhilASA mujhe sadaiva hI rhegii| isake atirikta vizvavidyAlaya granthAlaya ilAhAbAda, kendrIya pustakAlaya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI evaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna, vArANasI ke karmacAriyoM ko bhI anekazaH dhanyavAda detA hU~ jinake sahayoga se

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aneka granthoM kA avalokana tathA upayoga karane kI suvidhA prApta huii| ___guNa doSa to sarvatra sambhava hai isa zodha-prabandha meM bhI aneka doSa va kucha guNa ho sakate haiM AzA hai ki 'eko hi doSo guNasannipAte nimajjatIndo kiraNeSvivAGkaH" ke Adarza kA pAlana karane vAle vidvatagaNa mere una doSoM ke lie kSamA karegeM evaM apane ucita mArga-darzana dvArA isa para aura gahana ciMtana ke lie mujhe utprerita kreNge| zyAma bahAdura bImita zyAma bahAdura dIkSita

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prathama adhyAya dvitIya adhyAya tRtIya adhyAya * jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva caturtha adhyAya * jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana-vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jainakAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM * paMcama adhyAya jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla kathAvastu tathA usa para prabhAva pAtroM kA vivecana * SaSTha adhyAya jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa adhyAyIkaraNa saptama adhyAya jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA aSTama adhyAya zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jainakumArasambhava eka preraNA zrota navam adhyAya pariziSTa evaM upasaMhAra pR0- 1-57 pR0- 58-82 pR0- 83-100 pR0- 101-124 pR0- 125-184 pR0- 185-211 pR0- 212-264 pR0- 265-271 pR0- 272-282

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prathama adhyAya jainakumArasamyava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva

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(a) kAvya kA svarUpa tathA usakI vizeSatA kAvya kyA hai? athavA isakA svarUpa kyA hai? nizcaya hI yaha atyanta vivAdAspada evaM samasyA pUrNa prazna hai| kyoMki sarvaprathama kisane kAvya nirmANa kiyA? aura kaba kiyA? isakA samAdhAna asambhava nahIM to kaThina avazya hai| sAdhAraNata: sAhityazAstra samIkSaka 'vAlmIki' ko 'Adi kavi" aura unakI kRti 'rAmAyaNa' ko 'Adi kAvya' svIkAra karate haiM aura use hI prApta racanA ke AdhAra para sarvaprathama 'mahAkAvya' bhI mAnate hai| isake pazcAt vedavyAsakRta 'mahAbhArata' AtA hai, jo dvitIya mahAkAvya hai jisake viSaya meM vaha ukti prasiddha hai- "yadi hAsti tadanyatra panne hAsti na tat kvcit"| 'manuSya sarvazreSTha prANI hai aura sarvAdhika cetana evaM anukaraNazIla bhii'| aba taka kiye gaye sAhityika sarvekSaNoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa sahaja hI prApta hotA hai ki 'prakRti manuSya kI sahacarI hai' aura usakI sarvAdhika vizeSatA hai- privrtnshiiltaa| 'parivartana vikAsa kA mUla hai' aura isI lakSya (vikAsa) kI prApti hetu manuSya satat prayatnazIla rahA hai| yadi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha apanI sahacarI ke pratyeka parivartana para dRSTipAta karane meM samartha nahIM hai, to itanA nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakRti kA pradhAna parivartana usakI dRSTi se ojhala nahIM rhaa| kintu sarvaprathama vaha apane mana kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa vikala thA arthAt "mAnava mana apane Apa ko vyakta karane ke lie Akula rahatA hai, vaha apane ko aneka hRdayoM meM anubhUta

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prathama sahida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, karAnA cAhatA hai" apanI isa vikalatA ko dUra karane ke lie usane kyA nahIM kiyA? kabhI jAhI ke taTa para taparata ho, apane jIvana kA visarjana, to kabhI devI mandira meM jAkara apanI jihvA kA ucchedn| kabhI pAyA'navaratnoM kI zobhA kA sammAna' to kabhI deza- niSkAsana kA apmaan| (kAvya) itihAsa sAkSI hai, apanI isa ghanaghora tapasyA meM usane ghora kaSTa utthaayaa| kintu saMsAra kI koI bhI prabalatam bAdhA use (usake) patha se virata na kara skii| vaha dRr3ha thA aura apane uddezya kI prApti hetu sthira mnaa| bhalA sthira mana vAle dRr3ha vyakti aura nIce kI ora mukha kiye hue jala prapAta ko rokane meM koI samartha hai, nahIM- kadApi nhiiN| phira kyA thA, basa usakI dRr3hatA ke samakSa prasanna hokara 'prakRti devI', ne use Ajasra varadAna (prasAda) diyaa| vaha prasAda aura kucha nahIM- vANI thaa| phala prApta hote hI usakA tapojanya kaSTa dUra ho gayA, usameM navInatA A gaI aura apane karma ke prati nayA utsaah| vaha dhIre-dhIre apane 'kAvya' karma meM pravRtta huA aura phira antataH (apane jIvana kAla meM hI) usane kisI sImA taka usa (kAvya) kI sampUrNa sImAeM tor3a dii| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha hada se bhI Age nikala gyaa| uparyukta kArya siddhi ke lie usake pAsa- 'sArthavatI vANI' nAmaka astra thA aura usane apane isa astra kA khUba prayoga kiyaa| zAyada vaha 'abhivyakti svataMtratA kA sazakta mAdhyama hai aura 'tyAga prApti kA sarvottama sAdhana" jAna gayA thaa|

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prathama mahicheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, isI bodha ke phalasvarUpa use atyadhika AnandAnubhUti huI aura itanI huI ki usane ni:saMkoca apanA sarvasva nichAvara kara diyaa| usake pAsa svayaM ke atirikta kucha bhI zeSa na thA so usane svayaM ko bhI use samarpita kara diyA, kyoMki vaha usakI sahAcarI thii| kintu usakA yaha samarpaNa apUrva, alaukika aura ni:svArtha thaa| usake badale hue svarUpa ko dekhakara kisI ne use pAgala, kisI ne premI aura kisI ne niraMkuza (niraGkazA kavayaH) khaa| astu! kahane kA Azaya mAtra itanA hai ki eka ne dUsare meM dRr3hatA aura dUsare ne 'pala-pala' parivartita veza (svarUpa) dekhaa| donoM ne eka-dUsare ko apane anurUpa pAyA aura isI anurUpatA vaza donoM meM anyo'nya sambandha sthApita ho gayA arthAt ve eka dUsare ke pUraka bana gye| kAvya kI pUrNarUpeNa prakAzita karane ke pUrva usake kartA 'kavi' kI vivecanA pratyeka dRSTi se ucita pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki kartA ke abhAva meM kriyA bhrAmaka na sahI, utanI prabhAvazAlI nahIM hotI, jitanI ki usase apekSA hotI hai| kavi ___kavate zlokAn grathate, varNayati vA kavi' zloka racanA yA varNana karane vAle ko kavi kahate haiN| aisI vyutpatti 'amarakoza' ke TIkAkAra bhAnujIkSita ne kI hai| 'zabdakalpadruma' meM 'kuzabde' dhAtu se 'acai' sUtra dvArA 'i' pratyaya karane para kavi kI utpatti siddha kI gayI hai| vidyAdhara ne ekAvali meM kavayati- iti kavi, tasya karma kAvyam' aisI vyutpatti kI hai| 'dhvanyAloka'

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prathama : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, kI vyAkhyA meM 'kavanIyaM kAvyam' vyutpatti kI gayI hai| isa prakAra varNana karane vAle yA jAnane vAle ko kavi tathA usake karma yA kRti ko kAvya kahate hai| yadyapi 'kavirmanISI paribhUH svayambhUH' ke dvArA kavi kA (artha) prayoga sarvajJa paramezvara ke lie huA hai, ' tayA tene brahmadRvA ca Adi kavaye ' ke anusAra 'Adi kavi' zabda kA artha brahmA ke artha meM milatA hai| " zukradaityaguru kAvya uznA bhArgavaH kaviH " Adi koza ke anusAra 'kavi' zabda daityaguru zukrAcArya artha meM aura "vidvAna vibcidoSajJaH paNDitaH kavi" paNDita kavi artha meM upalabdha hotA hai tathApi Adi kavi vAlmIki, vyAsa ke lie bhI 'kavi' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| isI se maharSi vAlmIki praNIta 'rAmAyaNa' kI pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM 'ISyArthe Adi kAvye' sarvatra likhA huA prApta hotA haiM / maharSi vyAsa kRta 'mahAbhArata' kI gaNanA bhI kAvya meM kI gaI hai| inhoMne svayaM isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai- "kRtaM mayedaM bhagavan kAvyaM parama pUjitam" tathA sAhitya darpaNakAra vizvanAtha ne bhI "asminnArSe punaH sarvAbhantyAkhyAna saMjJakA" punaH isa kArikA kI vyAkhyA meM " asmin mahAkAvye yathA mahAbhAratam " kahate hue mahAbhArata ko spaSTa rUpa meM mahAkAvya svIkAra kiyA hai| pAzcAtya sAhityakAroM ne 'kavi' ke sambandha meM adhika na likhakara kAvya ke sambandha meM hI apane-apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM tathApi kavi sambandha meM kucha pramukha vidvAnoM ke mata uddhRta hai 4

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prathama prAvida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ 1. arastu ke anusAra 'citrakAra athavA anya kalAkAra kI taraha kavi anukartA hai| 2. AcArya horesa ke anusAra kavi kahalAne kA adhikArI vahI vyakti ho sakatA hai jo divya pratibhA tathA antadRSTi se sampanna ho aura vidagdha vANI ke prayoga meM kuzala ho| pAzcAtya kAvyazAstriyoM kI dRSTi meM kAvya jaisAki pUrvokta ullikhita hai ki pAzcAtya kAvyazAstriyoM ne 'kAvya' kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai tathApi yahA~ kucha pramukha kAvyazAstriyoM ke matoM kA ullekha karanA abhISTa hai| 1. arastu ke anusAra kAvya bhASA ke mAdhyama se prakRti kA anukaraNa hai| isa prakAra arastu ne apane guru pleTo ke mata "kAvya anukaraNa kA bhI anukaraNa hai ataH tyAjya hai" kA khaNDana karate hue use 'Adarza jIvana kA citraNa' mAnakara apanA mata vyakta kiyA hai| 2. horesa ke anusAra arthAt horesa ne kavi aura citrakAra ko samAna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA

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prathama samida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva 3. zeksapIyara ke anusAra zeksapIyara ne kalpanAtatva ko pradhAnatA pradAna karate hue kahA hai ki kavi isI ke dvArA laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI dRSyoM ko apanI lekhanI dvArA madhura jhaMkAra pradAna karatI hai|13 isake viparIta prakRti ke kavi varDsavartha ne kAvya meM kalpanA ke sthAna para bhAva ko mahattva dete hue kAvya kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai| "kavitA prabala bhAvoM kA sahaja ucchalana hai, jisakA srota zAnti ke samaya meM smRta manovegoM se phUTatA hai|" mahAkavi milTana ne kAvya ke sambandha meM apanA mata isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai "kavitA sarala, pratyakSamUlaka tathA rAgAtmaka hotI hai"|15 prasiddha kavi kAlarija ke anusAra "kavitA sarvottama zabdoM kA sarvottama krama hai|6 maithyU anAlDa ke anusAra Poetry at bottom is criticism of life po "kavitA jIvana kI AlocanA hai"| uparyukta pAzcAtya sAhitya zAstriyoM dvArA kAvya viSayaka matoM ke anuzIlana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne kalpanA ko kAvya kA pramukha tatva svIkAra

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prathama atiracheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ kiyA hai| kisI-kisI ne kAvya ko dArzanika aura kisI ne saMgItamaya vicAra kahA hai| akele mahAkavi varDsavartha ne kAvya meM bhAvoM ko pramukhatA se svIkAra karate hue usake svarUpa kA yathArthaprAya prakAzana kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM kA kAvya-viSayaka mAnyatA sAmAnya janatA ke hRdaya meM darzana evaM dharma ke durUha tathyoM ko pahu~cAne ke lie jaina dharma pracAraka bahuta purAne samaya se kavitA kA sahArA lete Aye hai aura Aja bhI le rahe hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA kAvya kalA kI ora AkRSTa hone kA yahI rahasya hai| jainAcAryoM ne kAvya ke pramukha tattvoM (rasa, chanda aura alaMkAra Adi) kI taraha hI apane-apane granthoM meM usake svarUpa kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA jainAcAryoM meM hemacandra kA pramukha sthAna hai unhoMne kAvya kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai "adoSau saguNau sAlaGkAroM ca zabdArtho kAvyam'8" aura isa mUla kI vRtti karate hue unhoMne likhA hai "cakAro niralaMGkArayorapizabdArthayoH kvcitkaavytvkhyaapnaarthH"| AcArya hemacandra ke pazcAt dUsare jainAcArya vAgbhaTa hai| unhoMne kAvya kI paribhASA

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prathama prakrikeTa : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva "zabdArthoM nirdoSo saguNau prAyaH sAlaGkArau ca kAvyam" isa prakAra karake isa sUtra kI vRtti meM ___"prAyaH sAlaGkAraviti niralaGkArayorapi zabdArthayoH kvacitkAvyatvakhyApanArtham" likhA hai|19 jaina kaviyoM ne apane mahAkAvyoM meM bhI kAvya sambandhI vicAradhArAoM ko vyakta kiyA hai| 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' mahAkAvya ke racayitA haricandra sUri kI kAvya paribhASA isa prakAra hai hRdyArthavandhyA padavandhurA'pi vANI budhAnAM nmnodhineti| na rocate locana vallabhA'pi stuhIkSaratkSIra srinnrebhyH|| jayanti te ke'pi mahAkavInAM svargapradezAiva vaagvilaasaaH| pIyUsaniSyandiSu yeSu harSa keSAM na dhante surasArtha liilaam|| jinapAla upAdhyAya ne apane 'sanatkumAra carita' meM bhAnumati kI kanyAoM kA varNana karate hue kAvya ke anivArya tatvoM para prakAza DAlA hai| unake anusAra jAtyAjAmvUnadAlaM kRtiprojjavalAzcakrire'Gge samaste'pi tA knykaaH| sadrasAH doSariktA suzabdAzriyaH satkaveH kAvyavAdho yathA sdgunnaa||

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prathama-patipada : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ abhayakumAra caritakAra tilakacandra upAdhyAya ne kAvya kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai "mahAkave kAvya kRtau yathA rasau jalpe yathA tArkika ckrckrinnH| tathA kvaciddezazrAma mano'sya bhUruhe kAvye prasanne sarase krveythaa"||22 jina prabhu sUri ne bhI apane 'zreNika carita' meM aneka sthaloM para kAvya ke svarUpa ko vyakta kiyA hai unake anusAra pakvadADimavIjAni rAjAdanaphalAni c| rasADhyAH mRdumRddikAH kAvyamAlA ivojjvlaaH|| vyanjanAni rasAdayAni vinirmAya prbhuutshH| ke'pi saMcaskaruH kvA'pi kAvyAni kavayo ythaa||23 abhUtasya priyA ramyapadAlaGkAra dhaarinnii| dhariNI nAma hRdyeva sukavaiH kAvya pddhtiH|| manorama padanyAsA sadaGgarucirA sdaa| nanyAda gIrvizadazlokA jinmuurtirivaalmlaa|| yahI kAvya kA svarUpa hai| hammIra mahAkAvya' ke racayitA nayacandra sUri kI kAvya paribhASA hai kavitA vanitAgIti-prAyo nAdo rsprdaaH|

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prathama pariveda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ udgiranti sadorasodrekaM gRhyamANAH purH-purH||25 isa prakAra prAyaH pratyeka jaina kAvya zAstrI ne kAvya meM rasa kI anivAryatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya granthoM kI kAvya-sambandhI mAnyatAeM veda jJAna kA ananta bhaNDAra hai tathA vaha dhArmika, sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanItika, dArzanika evaM sAhityika kriyA kalApoM kA sAra-saMgraha hai| kAvya ke sambandha meM bhI hameM sarvAdhika prAcIna sUcanA veda (Rgveda) meM prApta hotI hai jahA~ 'uSA' sambandhita eka RcA meM bAra-bAra upamAoM kI yojanA huI hai| eka anya mantra meM vahA~ atizayokti kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra upaniSad granthoM meM bhI 'rUpazatizayokti' kA varNana dekhane yogya hai| yAska kI nirukta meM 'bhUtopamA', 'siddhopamA', luptopamA tathA rUpaka Adi ke viSaya meM kucha maulika bAteM kahI gayI hai| yAska ke pUrva 'bhAguri' nAmaka kavi kA ullekha hai, jise somezvara ne apane 'sAhitya druma' grantha ke saMkhyAlaGkAra prakaraNa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| abhinava gupta ne bhI dhvanyAlokA meM bhAguri kA eka rasa viSayaka mantavya diyA hai| vaiyAkaraNa pANini ne aSTAdhyAyI meM upamA ke upamita upamAna evaM sAmAnya Adi dharmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki 'aSTAdhyAyI se vistRta saMskRta ke laukika pakSa kA udaya huA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvya kI utpatti kA sambandha naTarAja zaMkara se 10

Page #21
prathama sahida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, yojita kiyA hai| zAradAtanaya ke bhAva prakAzana' grantha meM nATyazAstra para race gaye bhagavAna zaMkara ke 'yogamAlA' nAmaka grantha kA ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'yogamAlA saMhitA' meM bhagavAna zaMkara ne vivasvAna ko tANDava, lAsya, nRtya aura nRtta kA upadeza diyA thaa| kintu rAjazekhara kA kahanA hai ki zaMkara ne sarvaprathama brahmA ko upadeza diyA thA aura brahmA ne apane aTThAraha ziSyoM ko| yadyapi Aja ukta grantha upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi ve ati prAcIna hai aura ise puSTa pramANoM dvArA vizvasta rUpa meM pramANita kiyA gayA haiM, jaisesUkti-grantha meM pANini kI stuti prasaMga meM rAjazekhara dvArA viracita 'jAmbavatI jaya' nAmaka kAvya kA spaSTa ullekha hai namaH pANinaye tasmai ysmaadaavirbhuudih| Adau vyAkaraNaM, kAvyamanu jAmbavatI jayam / / 29 aura punaH 'sadukti karNAmRte' kavi vizeSa kI prazaMsA para AdhArita eka padya hai, jahA~ kucha kaviyoM ke sAtha hI pANini kI spaSTa carcA kI gaI subandhau bhaktinaH ka iha raghukAre na ramate dhRtirdAkSI putre harati hrishcndo'pihRdym| vizuddhoktaH zUraH prakRtimadhurA bhAravi giraH stayApyantarmodaM kamapi bhvbhuutirvitnute||

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prathama : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, dAkSI putra koI aura nahIM vyAkaraNAcArya pANini hI hai, jaisA ki bhASyakAra pataMjali ne kahA hai- 'sarve sarva padAdezaH dAkSIputrasya pANine / 301 isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki uparyukta prAcIna granthoM meM yadyapi suvyavasthita kAvya lakSaNoM kA abhAva hai tathApi kAvya nirmANa sambandhI pramukha tatva pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiM, jo kisI bhI sAmAnya jana ko kAvya nirmANa ke prati prerita karane meM samartha haiM aura inake adhyayana ke abhAva meM kAvya na kevala adhUrA rahegA balki upahAsa kA pAtra bana kara kAla kavalita bhI ho jaayegaa| veda purANoM ke bAda kAvya kA sarvAdhika prAcIna lakSaNa hameM AcArya bharata ke 'nATyazAstra' meM prApta hotA hai| yadyapi unakA yaha kAvya- lakSaNa, kAvya ke bheda 'dRSyakAvya' ke sandarbha meM nirdiSTa hai tathApi yaha kAvya-svarUpa ko prakAzita karane meM pUrNa samartha hai| AcArya bharata kA kAvya - lakSaNa isa prakAra hai mRdulalita padAdyaM guDhazabdArthahInaM / janapadasukhavodhyaM yuktimannRttayogyam / / bahukRta rasamArgaM sandhi-saMdhAna yuktaM / bhavati jagati yogyaM nATakaM prekSakANAm / / 31 taduparAnta agnipurANa meM kAvya kA sarvaprathama lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA gayA hai 12

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prathama mahilapeda: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva saMkSepAd vAkyamiSTArthavacchinA pdaavlii| kAvyaM sphuradaMlaGkAraM guNavad doSavarjitam / / 32 AcArya vAmana ne kAvya lakSaNa ke sambandha meM isa prakAra apanA mata vyakta kiyA hai kAvyazabdodayaM guNalaGkArasaMskRtayoH zabdArtharyovartate3 AcArya bhAmaha pradatta kAvya paribhASA zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyaM gadya-padyaM ca dvidhA AcArya rudraTa kI kAvya paribhASA isa prakAra hai zabdArtho kaavym| AcArya daNDI ne kAvya-svarUpa ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai zarIra tAvadiSTArtha-vyavacchinnA pdaavlii|36 AcArya kuntaka ne rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA svIkAra karate hue kAvya kA lakSaNa batAte hai zabdArthoM sahitau vakrakavi vyaapaarshaalinii| vandhe vyavasthitau kAvyaM tdvidaahlaadkaarinnii||7 AcArya mammaTa kA kAvya lakSaNa na kevala anya kAvyazAstriyoM ke kAvya lakSaNoM se (paryApta) bhinna hai, varan apanI maulikatA evaM spaSTatA ke kAraNa sarvAdhika lokapriya bhI hai| unakA kAvya lakSaNa isa prakAra hai

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prathama machinoTa : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva "tadadoSau zabdArtho saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvaapi"|28 sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ke kAvya lakSaNa kI bhI vidvAnoM ne prazaMsA kI hai, unakA kAvya lakSaNa hai vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kaavym|39 aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke kAvya-lakSaNa ko atyadhika AdarapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai jo isa prakAra hai "ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kaavym"| isa prakAra aura bhI kAvyazAstriyoM ne kAvya-svarUpa ke sambandha meM apane-apane vicAra vyakta kiye hai| parantu uparyukta ina tInoM (AcArya mammaTa, . vizvanAtha aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha) ke atirikta isa samaya kisI bhI AcArya kI kAvya paribhASA ko utanA mahattva nahIM milA hai aura isa kAraNa ve lokapriya nahIM hue| AcArya mammaTa ke kAvya lakSaNa kI vizeSatA AcArya mammaTa ne sarvaprathama kAvya ko zabdArthoM yugala kahA hai aura phira use doSoM se rahita, guNoM se yukta, sAdhAraNataH alaGkAra sahita, kintu kahI-kahI alaGkAra rahita honA bhI batAyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya ke pramukha tattvoM kA samAveza apane kAvya lakSaNa meM kiyA hai| mere vicAra meM yaha kAvya kA sarvotkRSTa lakSaNa hai kyoMki isameM kAvya ke samasta tattvoM kA samAveza hai|

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prathama prazida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, kintu AcArya vizvanAtha aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne mammaTa ke isa (kAvya lakSaNa viSayaka) mata kI kaTu AlocanA kI hai| vizvanAtha kRta AlocanA AcArya mammaTa dvArA kAvya ko 'analaGkRtI' aura isake udAharaNa svarUpa yaH kaumAraharaH --------- cetaH smutknntthte|| prastuta kiye jAne kI AcArya vizvanAtha ne kaTu AlocanA kI hai| unhoMne isa zloka meM vibhAvanA 'vibhAvanA tu vinA hetuM kAryotpattirucyate' aura vizeSokti 'sati hetau phalAbhAvo vizeSoktistathA dvidhA' arthAt jahA~ binA kAraNa ke kArya kA varNana kiyA jAye vahA~ 'vibhAvanA' aura isake viparIta jahA~ kAraNa hone para bhI kArya kI utpatti na ho vahA~ 'vizeSokti' alaGkAra inheM nikAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai parantu unakI yaha dhAraNA yukti saMgata nahIM hai kyoMki ye donoM alaGkAra bhAvamukhena nahIM, abhAvamukhena nikalate hai|" adoSau pada kI AlocanA AcArya vizvanAtha ke mata meM doSa-rahita kAvya saMsAra meM ho hI nahIM sktaa| yadi kahIM mila bhI gayA, to bahuta kama milegaa| jabaki vastusthiti yaha hai ki svayaM sAhityadarpaNakAra ne sAdhAraNa doSoM ke rahate hue bhI kAvya meM kAvyatva svIkAra kiyA hai "kITAnuviddaratnAdi sAdhAraNyena kaavytaa| duSTeSvapi matA yatra rasAdyanugamaH sphuttH||2"

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prathama arivadra: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ arthAt jahA~ kIDoM Adi se khAyA huA pravAla Adi ratna, ratna hI kahalAte hai, usI prakAra jisa kAvya meM rasAdi kI anubhUti spaSTa rUpa meM hotI hai, vahA~ doSa ke hote hue bhI kAvyatva kI hAni nahIM hotii| koI bhI doSa svarUpataH doSa nahIM hotA jaba taka ki vaha rasAnubhUti meM bAdhaka nhiiN| isa prakAra AcArya mammaTa ke 'adoSau' pada kI AlocanA karake AcArya vizvanAtha ne svayaM apanI hI AlocanA kI hai arthAt unakA yaha mata bhI nirAdhAra hai| saguNau pada kI AlocanA AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra guNa rasa ke dharma hai| ve zabda yA artha ke dharma nahIM hai| isalie zabda yA artha meM nahIM raha sakate hai| aisI dazA meM rasa hI saguNa kahA jA sakatA hai, zabda yA artha ko saguNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isalie kAvya prakAzakAra ne jo 'saguNau pada ko zabdArthoM ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| mammaTAcArya bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki guNa rasa ke dharma haiN| phira bhI gauNa rUpa se zabda aura artha ke sAtha bhI unakA sambandha ho sakatA hai| kAvyaprakAza ke aSTama ullAsa meM- "guNavRttyA punasteSAM vRttiH zabdArtharyomatA" likhakara unhoMne gauNI vRtti se zabda aura artha ke sAtha bhI guNoM ke sambandha kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura usI dRSTi se yahA~ zabdArtho ke vizeSaNa rUpa

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prathama veda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, apaya meM 'saguNau' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra vizvanAtha dvArA kI gayI uparyukta AlocanA na kevala tathyahIna hai, balki mammaTa ke mahattva ko kama karane meM bhI asaphala siddha huI hai rasagaMgAdhara kRta AlocanA kAvya prakAza ke isa lakSaNa kI rasagaMgAdharakAra paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne bhI AlocanA kI hai kintu unakA dRSTikoNa vizvanAtha se bhinna hai| unhoMne kevala zabdArtho para Apatti uThAI hai| unakA mata hai ki kAvyatva zabda aura artha kI samaSTi meM na rahakara kevala zabda meM hI rahatA hai unhoMne likhA hai zabdArtho kAvyamityAhuH, tatra vicAryate "yattu prAJcaH (kAvyaprakAzakArAdayaH) api ca kAvya pada pravRtti nimittaM zabdArtharyovyAsaktaM (vyasaNyavRtti) pratyeka prayAptaM vA? nAthaH eko na dvau iti vyavahArasTova zaloka vAkyaM na kAvyamiti vyavahArasthApate / na dvitIyaH ekasmin padye kAvya dvyvyvhaaraaptteH|4 ---- tasmAdvedazA'trapurANalakSaNesva kAvya lakSaNasyApi zabda niSThatevocitA 45 / / arthAt jo kAvya prakAzakAra Adi prAcIna AcArya zabda aura artha donoM ko kAvya kahate haiM, usa dazA meM vaha kAvya na rahakara 'zloka kAvya' raha jaayegaa| ve kevala zabda ko kAvya mAnate hai| inakA kAvya lakSaNa pahale ullikhita kiyA jA cukA hai| 46 17

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prathama ahiraveda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva) isa prakAra samasta kAvya lakSaNoM ke Aloka meM jahA~ pAzcAtya kAvya zAstriyoM ne kalpanA, saundarya aura darzana ko kAvya kA pramukha tattva svIkAra karate hue use alaukika Ananda kA pramukha sAdhana batAyA hai, vahI jainAcAryoM ne kAvya ko dharma aura darzana ke durUha siddhAntoM ko sAmAnya janatA taka pahu~cAne ke lie mAdhyama banAyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta kAvyAcAryoM ke matoM kA anukaraNa karake apane kAvya lakSaNa ko prastuta kiyA hai aura saMskRta kAvyAcAryoM kI taraha hI 'rasa' ko usakI AtmA svIkAra kiyA hai| saMskRta kAvya ke ati prAcIna manISiyoM ne dharmAnuprANita satya kI pratiSThA hetu kAvya ke udbhava ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vahIM unase arvAcIna kAvyazAstriyoM ne kAvya ke "zabdArthoM" mAnakara usameM satya kI prANa-pratiSThA hetu prayAsa kiyA hai, aura brahmAnanda sahodara 'rasa' ko kAvya kI AtmA svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra kAvya utpatti sambandhI siddhAntoM kA sarva sAmAnya ullekha na vedoM, na purANoM aura na hI upaniSadoM meM prApta hotA hai| vahA~ saGketa mAtra avazya diye gaye hai, jo kAvyazAstriyoM ke lie prakAza rUpa hai| kyoMki Aja bhI unhIM ke khaNDana-maNDana dvArA kAvya viSayaka naye-naye vicAroM kA udaya ho rahA hai| kAvya vaiziSTya yaha kahAvata hai | 18 18

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prathama : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, 'vidvAna kadAcita hI eka mata hote haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM hama ise isa prakAra kaha sakate hai| 'naiko muniryasya mataM na bhinnam ' / arthAt eka bhI muni aisA nahIM hai, jisakA mata bhinna nahIM hai| kintu jaba kAvya vaiziSTya (mahattva ) ke sandarbha meM isa sUkti kI vyAkhyA karate ho, to yaha sUkti asahAya dikhAI par3atI hai arthAt isa sUkti kA prabhAva lopa ho jAtA hai| kyoMki eka bhI vidvAna, muni dikhAI nahIM detA, jisane kAvya vaiziSTya ke pratipAdana meM sandeha kiyA ho / apitu pratyeka ne usake mahattva ke prati apanA dRr3ha samarthana kiyA hai| yaha mahattvapUrNa hai aura isase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa yaha tathya hai ki pAzcAtya jagata ke sAtha AcArya evaM arastu ke guru pleTo ne bhramavaza (dRr3hatA pUrvaka nahIM kyoMki bAda meM inhoMne ise sudhAra liyA) kAvya ke ekAMgI evaM asundara pakSa ko kAvya kA uddezya mAnakara apane deza vAsiyoM se ise tyAgane kA jo sandeza diyA thaa| vaha sthApita hone ke pUrva hI unhIM ke ziSya arastu dvArA khaNDita hokara havAoM meM vilIna ho gyaa| bhalA ho arastu kA, jisane kAvya ko 'jIvana kA Adarza citraNa' kahakara usake vaiziSTya kA pratipAdana kara pAzcAtya jagat ke mAthe para kalaMka kA TIkA lagane se pUrva hI use miTA diyaa| varan kalaMka kA jo TIkA lagatA, usase na kevala kAvya jagata, apitu sampUrNa samAja nizcita hI dayanIya avasthA ko prApta hotA, kyoMki pleTo kAvyazAstra kA hI nahIM, jJAna kI anekAneka zAkhAoM kA adhiSThAtA bhI the| 19

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prathama sakdi : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ guru parAjita huA, jJAna ke kSetra meM aura vaha bhI apane hI ziSya se kitanI vicitra sthiti hai, kitanA vicitra bhAva hai, prazna ubharatA hai Akhira kyoM? to isakA saTIka uttara hai- 'guru dvArA kAvya mahattva kI asviikRti'| mahAkavi 'zelI' ne apane kAvya viSaya prabandha meM kAvya mahattva ko svIkAra karate hue apanA mata isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai 'kavitA saba vastuoM ko saundarya se maNDita banA detI hai| jo svayaM sundara hotA hai, usake saundarya ko bar3hA detI hai aura jo vastu kutsita hotI hai, usake sAtha saundarya kA yoga karatI hai|'48 TI0esa0 IliyaTa ne pahale kAvya mahattva para vicAra nahIM kiyA thA, parantu bAda meM unhoMne ise svIkAra karate hue apanA mata isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai "koI bhI kavi cAhe apane pAThaka yA srotA ko prabhAvita na karanA cAhe, parantu usakI kRti pAThakoM para prabhAva DAle binA nahIM rhtii|" isa prakAra pAzcAtya sAhityakAroM ne kAvya vaiziSTaya ko svIkAra kara usakI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai| vastu kA mahattva usake antarbhAva meM nihita hotA hai| una bhAvoM ke prakAzana dvArA usake vaiziSTya ko udghATita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya kAvya-sAhitya kI bhAvanA vizvavyApI aura sakalajana zubhecchu hai, paropakArI hai "ayaM nijaH paroveti gaNanA lghucetsaam|

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prathama-diveda: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ udAra caritAnAma tu vasudhaiva kuttumbkm||" sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarvesantu niraamyaaH| sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhbhaagbhvet|| aSTAdaza purANeSu vyAsasya vcnaadvym| paropakAraH pUryAya pApAya prpiiddnm|| paropakArAya phalAni vRkSA, paropakArAya vahanti ndyH| paropakArAya duhanti gAvaH, paropakArArthamidaM shriirm||" aura bhI zrotuM zrutenaiva na tu kaNDalena, dAnena pArNina tu kngknnen| vibhAtikAyaH karuNAparANAM, paropakAreNa cndnaanaam||" kintu aisA bhAgya (kAvya nirmANa) kisI-kisI ko prApta hotA hai naratvaM durlabhaM loke, vidyA tatra sudurlbhaa| kavitvaM durlabhaM tatra, zaktistatra sudurlbhaa||52 bharatamuni ne apane 'nATyazAstra meM yadyapi nATakoM ko mahAtmya ke viSaya meM likhA hai duHkhArtAnAM zramArtAnAM zokArtAnAM tpsvinaam| vizRnti jananaM kAle nATyametamanyathA kRtm||53 dharmya yazasthamAyuSyaM hitaM buddhirvivrdhnm|

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prathama masida: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ lokopadezajananaM naattymetdbhvissyti||54 na tacchutaM na tacchilpaM na sA vidyA na sA klaa| na sa yogo na tatkarma yannATyosminna dRshyte||55 kintu kAvya bheda se nATaka 'dRzya' kAvya hai aura ise kAvya se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isake samarthana meM 'rasagaMgAdhara' meM paNDitarAja jagannAtha aura kAvya mImAMsA meM rAjazekhara ne apanA mata vyakta kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya bhAmaha ne jahA~ eka ora svAdu kAvyarasonmizrRM shaastrmpyuyunjte| prathamAlIDhamadyavaH pibanti kaTu bhessjm||56 na sa zabdoM na tad vAcyaM na sa nyAso na sA klaa| jAyate yanna kAvyAGgamAhobhAro mahAna koH||57 puruSArtha catuSTaya (dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa) kI prApti hetu satkAvya racanA kA Agraha kiyA hai| vahIM dUsarI ora 'dharmArtha kAma mokSeSu vaicakSaNyaM kalAsu c| prItiM karoti kIrtiM ca sAdhukAvya nibndhnm||58 samasta kalAoM meM sarvazreSTha svIkAra kiyA hai aura isake mahattva kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| mAnava jIvana meM dharma, satya, ahiMsA aura sadAcaraNa kA mahattva kisI se chipA nahIM hai, kyoMki ye zreSTha jIvana ke vikAsa meM na kevala sahAyaka

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prathamaaziyada : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, hai, pratyut loka jIvana ke prathama sopAna haiM isakA kAvya sAhitya meM vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai AhAra nidrAbhayamaithunaM ca sAmAnyametat pshubhirnraannaaN| dharmo hi teSAmAdhiko vizeSo dharmeNa hInA pshubhiHsmaanaa|| zruyatAM dharmasarvasvayaM zrutvA caivaavdhaarytaam| AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na smaacret|| satyaM brahmeti, satyaM hyeva brhmH| satyatveSa vijijnyaasitvym|| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne kumArasambhava ke tRtIya sarga meM indra dvArA kAmadeva ke utkarSa prasaMga meM jisa zloka ko pramANa svarUpa uddhRta kiyA hai, usase bhI kAvya vaiziSTya kI dhvani, pratidhvanita ho rahI hai| "tvaM sarvatogAmi ca sAdhakaM c"||59 arthAt tuma sarvatra jAne vAle ho, tumhArI gati bhI rUka nahIM sakatI aura tumhAre lie saba kucha sAdhya hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke ukta vicAra kAvya vaiziSTya ke sandarbha meM yathAvata grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiM aura mere vicAra se uparyukta tathya kAvya vaiziSTya kI dRSTi se prabhAvazAlI aura grAhya hai| samaya-samaya para zoSaNa aura anyAya ke virUddha apane mAnya sandezoM dvArA krAntikArI parivartana karAkara kAvya ne apanI upayogitA siddha kI hai| | 23

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kyoMki isI ke pariNAma svarUpa deza kI asta-vyasta vyavasthA ko badalanA sambhava ho sakA hai| sambhavataH isI uddezya kI pUrti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vaMkimacandra caTarjI ne apanI kRti 'Ananda maTha' meM likhA thA vaMde maatrm|60 isa prakAra uparyukta kAvyAntarbhUta tathyoM ke udghATana se kAvya kA vaiziSTaya siddha hai| (ba) kAvya bheda bheda zabda 'vid' dhAtu se bhAva (bhedanaM bhedaH) athavA karaNa (mithate'neti bhedaH) artha meM 'ghaJ' pratyaya lagane se niSpanna hotA hai aura isake aneka artha hote hai jisameM eka pRthakkaraNa bhI hai| isakA vyutpattilabhya artha haikisI vastu athavA padArtha kA bhinna-bhinna svruup| isI bheda zabda ke artha meM vibhAga, prakAra vidyA Adi zabda bhI prayukta hote hai| sAhityazAstra meM AcAryoM ne kAvya kA vargIkaraNa kaI AdhAroM para kiyA hai| jinheM pramukha rUpa se nimna chaH AdhAroM para darzAyA jA sakatA hai| 1. AkAra kI dRSTi se 2. bandha kI dRSTi se bhASA kI dRSTi se artha kI ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se 5. indriya grAhyatA kI dRSTi se

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prathama ahirara : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, 6. vastu kI dRSTi se 1. AkAra kI dRSTi se AkAra kI dRSTi se daNDI, vAgbhaTTa, bhoja Adi AcAryoM ne kAvya ko gadya-padya evaM mizra ina tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai|69 bhAmaha, vAmana aura vizvanAtha ne isa dRSTi se zravya ke gadya aura padya ye do hI vibhAga kiye hai| lakSaNoM ke anusAra usa pada samUha ko gadya kahate hai; jisameM chandobaddhatA nahIM rahatI hai| isa bheda ke antargata kathA, AkhyAyikA Adi kAvya prakAroM kA parigaNana hotA hai|62 padyAtmaka kAvya vaha hotA hai, jisameM pada chandobaddha hote hai|63 jisake chandoM meM yadyapi vizvanAtha ne AkAra kI dRSTi se zravya kAvya ke gadya evaM padya do hI bheda kiye hai tathApi unhoMne gadya aura padya donoM meM viracita campU nAmaka kAvya kA varNana kiyA hai| daNDI ne nATakAdi ko mizra kAvya ke antargata mAnA hai| unake anusAra campU bhI gadya-padyamayI racanA hone ke kAraNa mizra kAvya hai| bandha kI dRSTi se isa AdhAra para daNDI ne kAvya ke sargabandha (mahAkAvya), muktaka, kulaka, koza tathA saMghAta ye pA~ca bheda kiye hai aura unhoMne padya kAvya meM sargabandha mahAkAvya ko mukhya mAnA hai|5 daNDI ne muktaka, kulaka, koza aura saMghAta nAmaka padya kAvya meM do ko usakA aMga mAnakara usakA lakSaNa

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prathama aDisada : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, na karate hue mAtra mahAkAvya kA vistRta lakSaNa diyA hai|66 agnipurANa67 meM padya kAvya ke mahAkAvya, kalApaka, paryAyabandha, vizeSaka, kulaka, muktaka tathA koSa isa sAta bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vizvanAtha ne bandha kI dRSTi se padya kAvya ke mahAkAvya (sargabandha), khaNDakAvya, muktaka, yugmaka, sAndAnitaka, kalApaka, kulaka Adi bhedoM ke atirikta kAla evaM koSanAmaka kAvya bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|68 3. bhASA kI dRSTi se isa dRSTi se bhI katipaya vidvAnoM ne kAvya kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| parantu yaha vibhAjana yuktiyukta nahIM hai kyoMki isa AdhAra para viracita samasta kAvya jagata eka kAvya prakAra mAna liyA jAyegA taba to sAhitya jagata ke kisI bhI kAvya prakAra kA bodha nahIM hogaa| isase tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura mizra bhASAoM ke atirikta kisI anya bhASAoM ne viracita sAhitya kAvya jagat se bAhara ho jaayegaa| 4. artha kI ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se isa dRSTi se AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya ke tIna bheda kiye hai1. uttama kAvya69 (dhvani kAvya) 2. madhyama kAvya (guNIbhUta0 kAvya) 3. citra kAvyara (avara kaavy)| Anandavardhanara ne isa AdhAra para kAvya ko do prakAra kA mAnA hai1. vAcya, 2. prtiiymaan| jisa kAvya meM vAcyArtha kI apekSA vyaMgyArtha adhika

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prathama madirada : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva camatkArI hotA hai, use dhvani (uttama) kAvya kahate hai| jisa kAvya meM vyaMgyArtha vAcyArtha kI apekSA adhika camatkArI nahIM hotA, use madhyama (guNIbhUta) kAvya kahate hai, aura jisameM vyaMgyArtha kI sphuTatA nahIM rahatI, use citra kAvya (avara kAvya) kahate hai| 5. indriya grAhyatA kI dRSTi se isa dRSTi se kAvya kA vibhAjana sambhava hai| kavi kI sarasa kRti kosa hRdaya jina viziSTaya jJAnendriyoM ke mAdhyama se grahaNa karatA hai, ve hai(1) zravaNendriya (2) ckssurendriy| AcAryoM ne ise do prakAra se vibhakta kiyA hai(1) dRzya yA prekSya yA abhiney| (2) zravya athavA anabhineya jisa kAvya kA AsvAda par3hakara yA sunakara kiyA jAya vaha zravya kAvya kahalAtA hai| rasa bheda ke antargata mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, campU, kathA aura AkhyAyikA Adi Ate haiM isake viparIta jisakA Ananda hama apane netroM se dekha (evaM kAnoM se sunakara) kara uThA sakate hai, use dRzya kAvya kahate hai arthAt dRzyakAvya bhI par3hA aura sunA jA sakatA hai| AcArya bharata ne isI abhiprAya se nATya ko dRzya aura zravya donoM kahA hai|" 6. pratipAdya viSaya ke AdhAra para AcArya bhAmaha ne isa AdhAra para kAvya ke cAra bheda kiye haiM 27

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prathama matiracheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva" devAdi ke vRtta se sambaddha (khyAta vRtta), (2) kalpita vastu se sambaddha (3) kalAzrita (4) shaastraabhit| rudraTa ne kAvya ke lie 'prabandha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura vastu ke AdhAra para prathamataH utpAdya aura anuprAdya bheda karake punaH donoM ke mahAna aura laghu ye do bheda kiye hai|6 bhoja ne varNya viSaya ke AdhAra para zravya kAvya ke kAvya, zAstra, itihAsa Adi chaH bheda kiye hai| vargIkaraNa ke anya AdhAra svarUpa vidhAna kI dRSTi se bhAmaha ne kAvya ke pA~ca bheda batAye sargavandha abhineyArtha kathA 3. AkhyAyikA anivaddha isa prakAra bhAmaha ne zravya aura dRzya kAvya ko sameTane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dRzya kAvya ke lie 'abhineyArtha' saMjJA prayukta kara unhoMne pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. nATaka 2. dvipadI .. 28

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3. zampA 4. 5. rAsaka skandhaka prathama cheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, ajaya bhAmaha ne rUpako meM kevala nATaka ko ullikhita kiyA hai| nATya svarUpa dhanaJjaya, vidyAnAtha tathA zrIkRSNa kavi Adi ne avasthA kI anukRti (anukaraNa) ko nATya kahA hai| isakI vizada vyAkhyA karate hue dhanika ne kahA hai| kAvya athavA nATya meM varNita dhIrodAtta, dhIralalita, dhIroddhata tathA dhIra prazAnta prakRti ke nAyakoM tathA ( anya pAtroM) kI avasthAoM kA AMgika, vAcika, sAtvika tathA AhArya- ina cAra prakAra ke abhinayoM se jo anukaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usI ko nATya kahate hai | nATya ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM rUpaka zabda apekSAkRta adhika pracalita hai| jisa prakAra rUpaka alaMkAra ne upameyabhUta mukha Adi para upamAna-bhUta candrAdi kA Aropa ( abhedAropa) kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra nATya meM naTa vara rAma Adi anukArya pAtroM kI avasthA kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, isI abhedAropa ke kAraNa hI anukArya tathA naTa meM tAdAtmya kI pratipatti hotI hai| jo rasAzrayabhUta nATya kA mUla vIja hai-" aura isI kAraNa nATya ko isa nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / 82 nATya ke lie AcAryoM ne rUpaka zabda kA adhika prayoga kiyA hai| 29

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prathama pRddhida: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ rUpaka ke bheda AcArya bharata kI rUpaka nAmaka abhineya kAyavandha ke daza bheda kiye hai| ve daza bheda hai- nATaka, saprakaraNa (prakaraNa) bhANa, prahasana, Dima, vyAyoga, samavakAra, vIthI, aMka, IhAmRgA3 isa dasa rUpakoM ke atirikta AcArya bharata ne 'nATikA' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jo unake anusAra prakaraNa- nATakoM se utpanna hotA hai| isa sandarbha meM rAmacandra guNacandra kI kucha aisI hI mAnyatA hai| unake anusAra abhineya kAvya ke aneka bheda hote haiN| unakI dRSTi meM rasa pradhAna nATakAdi hai, apradhAnarasa durmAllikA-zrIgadita, bhANI, prasthAnaka, rAsakAdi haiN| rAmacandra guNacandra ne rUpaka ke jina 12 bhedoM ko batAyA hai| ve haiM- nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA prakaraNI, vyAyoga, samavakAra, bhANa, prahasana, Dima, utsRSTikAMka, IhAmRga aura viithii| bharata aura rAmacandra guNacandra ke rUpaka bheda vivaraNa meM kevala itanA antara hai ki bharata ne jahA~ gyAraha rUpakoM kI carcA kI hai vahI rAmacandra guNacandra ne bAraha rUpakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| dhanaJjaya aura bharata meM kevala parigaNana krama bheda hai tathA donoM ne utsRSTikAMka ke sthAna para 'aMka' nAmaka rUpaka kA ullekha kiyA hai| vizvanAtha ne bhI inakA pUrNataH anukaraNa kiyA AcArya vizvanAtha ne uparyukta dasa rUpakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura 30

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prathama da jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, ghATa unake sAtha aThAraha uparUpakoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ve isa prakAra hainATikA, troTaka, goSThI, saTTaka, nATyarAsaka, prasthAna, ullAsya kAvya, prekSaka, rAsaka, saMlApaka, zrIgadita, zilpaka, vilAsikA, durmmalikA, prakaraNI, hallIsa aura bhANikA / 86 zAradAtanaya ke anusAra rUpaka tIsa mAne gaye haiN| unameM dasa nATka, prakaraNa (rasAzrayabhUta) bhI parigaNita hai| zeSa bIsa jinheM bhAvAtmaka kahA jAtA hai, ye hai - troTaka, nATikA, goSThI, saMllApa, zilpaka, DoMvI, zrIgadita, bhANI, prasthAna, kAvya, prekSaka, saTTaka, nATya, rAsaka, ullApaka, hallIta, durmAllikA, mallikA, kalpavallI tathA parijAtaka / 87 nATaka bhojarAja ne dRzya kAvya ke caubIsa bheda kiye hai| isa prakAra rUpaka ke ye daza nirvivAda bheda hue - nATaka, prakaraNa, bhANa, prahasana, Dima, vyAyoga, samavakAra, vIthI, utsRSTikAMka athavA aMka tathA IhAmRga / " nATaka nAma kI anvarthakatA batAte hue AcArya abhinavagupta ne kahA hai ki vaha (nATaka) isalie nATaka kahalAtA hai ki vaha sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM praveza kara rajjanollAsa dvArA unake hRdaya tathA vyutpatti se paricalita ceSTA dvArA unake hRdaya evaM zarIra donoM ko nacA detA hai arthAt nATaka darzana se sahRdayoM ke hRdaya tathA zarIra donoM hI apUrva ullAsa ke sarovara meM avagAhana karane lagate hai / 9 31

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prathama riccheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, rAmacandra guNacandra ne namanArthaka 'naTa' dhAtu se nATaka zabda kI vyutpatti para Apatti kI hai| ve nartanArthaka 'naha' dhAtu se nATaka zabda kI vyutpatti mAnakara usakA artha pratipAdita karate hue kahate hai ki nATaka nAnA prakAra ke saundarya ke praveza dvArA hI sahRdayoM ke hRdaya ko AhlAdita 2. prakaraNa AcArya bharata ke anusAra nATaka kI viSaya vastu prakhyAt honI cAhie, jisakA nAyaka prasiddha udAtta guNayukta ho / rAjarSi vaMza meM utpanna nAyaka kA caritra, usameM nibaddha honA caahie| usakA divya Azraya se aGgIkRta honA upayukta hotA hai / 91 90 hai | " 'pra' upasarga pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu se lyuTa pratyaya lagAkara prakaraNa pada niSpanna hotA hai| jisakA vyutpattilabhya artha hai- prakRSTa yA utkRSTa racanA AcArya rAmacandra guNacandra ke anusAra prakaraNa vaha hai, jisame nAyaka, phala athavA kathAvastu pRthaka-pRthaka ( eka - eka athavA do-do ) athavA sabhI ( arthAt tInoM ) prakRSTa rUpa se kalpita kiye jAte haiM / 92 uparyukta pada nirvacana se eka bAta spaSTa hai ki prakaraNa meM kalpanA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai- prakarSeNa kriyate kalpyate / arthAt jisameM nAyaka, phala, vastu tInoM kalpita ho, yA jisase eka yA do kI kalpanA ho anya itihAsAzrita ho / prakaraNa kA vAstavika camatkAra usakI kalpanA meM hI hotI hai|93 32

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prathama 3. bhANa : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ prakaraNa meM vastu, nAyaka tathA anya pAtroM kI racanA kavi apanI maulika kalpanA se karatA hai / 94 jo prakaraNa ko nATaka se bhinna banAtI hai| prakaraNa kA nAyaka brAhmaNa, mantrI yA vaizya inameM se koI eka hotA hai| dhanaJjaya vizvanAtha Adi ke anusAra isakA nAyaka dhIra zAnta prakRti kA hotA hai 5 parantu nATyadarpaNakAra isa mata se sahamata nahIM hai / 96 ve usakA nAyaka dhIrodAtta tathA dhIra prazAnta donoM ko mAnate haiN| 'bhaS' dhAtu se 'ghaJ' pratyaya jor3ane para 'bhANa' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| jo abhinava gupta ke mata meM bhANa kA nirvacana hai, cUMki isameM eka hI pAtra ke dvArA (raMgamaMca para ) apraviSTa bhI pAtra vizeSa uktimAn (bolate hue kI bhAMti) citrita kiye jAte haiM, ataH use bhANa kahate hai / 97 dhanika kI dRSTi meM isa rUpaka bheda kA nAma bhANa isalie rakhA gayA hai ki usameM vAcika abhinaya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| bhAratI vRtti zabda vRtti hai aura usameM vAcika abhinaya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| vizeSataH vAcika vyApAra (bhaMjana) ke kAraNa hI yaha rUpaka bheda 'bhANa' kahalAtA hai|" pratAparudrIya kI ratnApaNA TIkA ke anusAra isa rUpaka bheda kA nAma 'bhANa' isalie hai", kyoMki isameM eka hI biTa svakRta athavA parakRta kA bhaNana (varNana) karatA hai / 100 33

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prathama pariccheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva 4. prahasana 'pra' upasarga pUrvaka 'hasa' dhAtu se 'lyuTa' pratyaya karane para prahasana para kI niSpatti hotI hai jisakA artha hai : aTTahAsa, jora kI ha~sI, upahAsa aadi| isa rUpaka bheda kA prahasana nAma isalie rakhA gayA hai, ki isake dvArA sahRdayoM athavA pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM hAsya rasa kI anubhUti hotI hai|01 pratAparudrIya kI 'ratnApaNA' TIkA ke racayitA kI dRSTi se bhI isa rUpaka bheda kA prahasana nAma isalie hai, ki usameM hAsya vacana kI pracuratA rahatI hai| 1. rajjanApradhAnaM hAsya prAya prahasanaM lakSayahi, tathA prahasanaM rUpaM hAsya rasa prdhaanmityrthH|| 2. hAsya vacaH pracuratvAdidaM prahasanamucyate-pratAparudIyam pra0 89 5. Dima 'Dima' dhAtu se 'ka' pratyaya jor3ane para 'Dima' pada niSpanna hotA hai| 'Dima' pada kA nirvacana karate hue abhinavagupta ne kahA hai ki 'Dima' Dimba tathA vidrava, meM saba paryAyavAcI zabda hai jisakA artha hotA hai- bhaya, palAyana, jhagar3A aadi|02 AcArya dhanika ne "Dima saGghAte" dhAtu se Dima kI vyutpatti mAnI hai| ataH unake anusAra dina kA abhiprAya isa rUpaka bheda se haiM, jisameM nAyaka kA saGaghAta 'hiMsaka' vyApAra ho|

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prathama cheda: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, 6 vyAyoga 'vi+AG upasarga pUrvaka yuj' dhAtu se 'ghaJ' pratyaya lagAkara vyAyoga pada niSpanna hotA hai| vyAyoga pada kI anvarthakatA para prakAza DAlate hue abhinavagupta kahate hai - jhagar3e meM jahA~ aneka puruSa lar3ate haiM, vAhu-yuddha Adi karate haiM use vyAyoga kahA jAtA hai / 103 dhanika ke anusAra vyAyoga kI utpatti hai- "jisameM aneka puruSa prayukta hoM904, isa vyutpatti meM vyAyoga kI nAyaka bahulatA para prakAza DAlatI hai| nATya darpaNakAra ke vyAyoga pada ke nirvacana ke anusAra jisameM vizeSa rUpa se saba ora se nAyaka yukta hote hai| arthAt kArya karane ke lie prayatna karate hai, vaha vyAyoga kahalAtA hai| 7. samavakAra sama+ava upasarga pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu se 'ghaJ' pratyaya jor3akara 'samavakAra' pada kA nirvacana hotA hai| nATya darpaNakAra kRta samavakAra pada ke nirvacana ke anusAra kahIM mile aura kahIM vikhare hue trivarga ke pUrva prasiddha upAyoM dvArA jisako kiyA yA nivaddha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'samavakAra' hotA hai / 205 vizvanAtha tathA dhanika ke anusAra isameM (samavakAra meM) kAvya ke prayojana vikIrNa kiye jAte hai arthAt chiTakAeM jAte hai / 106 ataH use samavakAra kahate hai yahA~ spaSTa hai ki AcAryadvaya samavakAra ko 'kR' (vikSepa) dhAtu se niSpanna kiyA mAnate haiN| 8. bIthI 'vitha pAcane' dhAtu se 'in' tathA 'GgIpa' pratyaya jor3akara 'vIthI zabda 35

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prathama muscheida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva niSpanna hotA hai| AcArya dhanika ne 'vIthI' pada kA nirvacana karate hue likhA hai ki vIthI ke samAna hone ke kAraNa yaha vIthI kahalAtI hai|07 vIthI ke artha-mArga, zreNI, pNkti| nATyadarpaNakAra'08 ke anusAra vatyokti mArga se jAne se vIthI ko isalie vIthI kahA jAtA hai ki kyoMki isameM nAnA rasoM kI mAlA (paMkti) rupa meM sthiti hotI hai yaha vizvanAtha09 kA mata hai| 9. utsRSTAMka abhinavagupta utsRSTikAMka pada kA nirvacana karate hue kahate hai ki jisakI sRSTi arthAt jIvita (prANa) utkramaNIya ho, aisI zokagrasta striyAM utsRSTikA kahalAtI haiM, usase aMkita rupaka bheda utsRSTikAMka kahalAtA hai| isa pada-nirvacana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa rUpaka bheda meM zokAkula striyoM kI kathA nivaddha kI jAtI hai|90 dhanaMjaya ne rupakoM ke parigaNana ke samaya to ise 'aMka' kahA hai| aura lakSaNa kathana ke pUrva bhI 'aMka' parantu lakSaNa meM spaSTa rUpa se utsRSTikAMka kahA hai|12 'nATyadarpaNakAra thor3e zabda parivartana ke sAtha (utsRSTikAMka) para kI abhinavagupta, jaisI hI vyAkhyA karate hai|53 10. IhAmRga IhAmRga zabda kA nirvacana karate hue AcArya abhinavagupta kahate haiIhA ceSTA mRgasyevastrImAtrayoyatra arthAt jisa rupaka bheda meM mRga kI bhAMti kevala strI prApti hetu ceSTA ho, use IhA mRga kahate hai|14 abhinavagupta ne yaha spaSTa nahI kiyA hai ki strI prApti ke lie ceSTA kisake dvArA hotI hai? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna AcArya dhanika dvArA ho jAtA hai| unakA kahanA hai 'mRgavadalabhyAM

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prathama mahileda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva nAyikAM nAyako'sminnIhate itiihaamRgH|115 AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra isa rupaka meM nAyaka mRga ke tulya icchA karatA hai|116 AcArya rAmacanda(17 ne abhinavagupta kI vyutpatti kI zabdAvalI ko hI apanAyA hai| mahAkAvya zAstrIya granthoM meM mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa prApta nahIM hotA hai| kucha pramukha alaMkArikoM ne apane-apane lAkSaNika granthoM meM mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA vistAra-pUrvaka vivecana kiyA haiM inake dvArA pratipAdita mahAkAvyoM ke svarUpa ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina alaGkArikoM ne vAlmIki kRta 'rAmAyaNa' aura kAlIdAsa ke donoM mahAkAvyoM 'raghuvaMza aura kumArasambhava' ko dRSTigata karake hI 'mahAkAvya' kA lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne sarvaprathama apane kAvyAlaMkAra meM mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai| usakA lakSaNa saMkSipta hote hue bhI mahAkAvya ke svarUpa para pUrNa prakAza DAlane meM samartha hai| saMkSiptatA unake isa mahAkAvya lakSaNa kI vizeSatA hai aura mahAkAvya ke samasta tatvoM kA samAveza usakI updiytaa| bhAmaha kRta mahAkAvya ke Avazyaka tattva ye hai-118 1. sargavaddhatA 2. mahAna aura gaMbhIra viSaya 3. udAttanAyaka 4. catuvarga kA pratipAdana 5. nAyaka kA abhyudaya 6. sadAzriyatva 7. paJcasandhi nATakIya guNa 8. loka svabhAva aura vividha rasoM kI pratIti 9. samRddhi- RtuvarNana aadi| ___bhAmaha pratipAdita mahAkAvya lakSaNa ko dekhane se yaha vidita hotA hai ki unhone mahAkAvya ko 'sargavaddha' kahakara mahAkAvya ke vAhya tatva kI ora 37

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prathama pariccheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, aura 'mahatAMca mahacca yat' kahakara usakI virATa Antarika mahattA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| unhone mahAkAvya ke vAhya zarIra sambandhI lakSaNoM ko na to Avazyaka vatAyA hai aura nahI use sUcI rUpa meM upasthita hI kiyA hai yathA na sargoM kI saM0, na varNya viSayoM kI sUcI, na nAyaka yA pAtroM ke guNoM kI sUcI na chanda aura kAvyarambha kI Avazyaka vAteM- AzIrvAda- namaskriyA aura vastunirdeza aadi|19 Age ke AcAryoM ne bhAmaha prokta mahAkAvya lakSaNa meM yatra-tatra parivartana karake use hI svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya daNDI ne mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai- mahAkAvya sargabandha racanA hai| usake Arambha meM AzIrvacana, stuti yA namaskAra evaM kathAvastu kA nirdeza hotA hai| vaha kathAvastu aitihAsika yA sajjana ke satya jIvana para Azrita hotI hai isameM udAttAdi guNoM se yukta catura nAyaka kI caturvarga dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti kA varNana hotA hai| usameM nagara, samudra, parvata, Rtu, candrodaya, sUryodaya, udyAna Adi kA varNana hotA hai| krIr3A, madhupAna, ratotsava varNana, vipralambha zRMgAra, vivAha, aura kumAra janma mantradUta, prayANa aura nAyakAbhyudayaAdivarNanoM se vaha yukta hotA hai| mahAkAvya alaMkRta, vistRta aura rasa bhAvAdi se sambandhita hotA hai| usake sarga ativitrINa na ho, usakI kathA zravyavRttoM evaM sandhyAdi aGgoM se gaThita honI caahie| sargAnta meM chanda parivartana honA caahie| uparyukta guNoM se yukta mahAkAvya lokaraMjaka aura kalpAnta sthAyI hotA hai|120 / Age ke AcAryo ne daNDI ke lakSaNoM meM se hI kucha ghaTA-bar3hAkara apane mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| unameM agnipurANa, hemacandra, 38

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prathama nirapedra : jenakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, vizvanAtha aura rudraTa Adi pramukha hai| agnipurANa meM mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra milatA hai- mahAkAvya sargavandha racanA hai, isameM vibhinna vRttoM kI yojanA hai tathA itihAsa prasiddha athavA kisI sajjana ke jIvana para Azrita kathAnaka varNita hotA hai| isameM vibhinna chando-zakvarI, atizakvarI, jagatI, atijagatI, triSTupa, puSpitAgrAdi kA prayoga hotA hai| usameM nagara, vana, parvata candra, sUrya, Azrama, upavana, jalakrIr3A, Adi utsavoM kA varNana tathA samasta rItiyoM, vRttiyoM aura rasoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ukti vaicitraya kI pradhAnatA hone para bhI jIvita prANa rUpa meM rasa kI niyojanA hotI hai|21 vizvavikhyAt nAyaka ke nAma se dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti dikhAI jAtI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane grantha 'kAvyanuzAsana' meM mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ko zabda vecitrya, arthavaicitrya aura ubhayavaicitrya se vibhUSita kiyA hai| unakA mahAkAvya lakSaNa isa prakAra hai| zabda vaicitrya ke antargata unhone- asaMkSipta granthatva, aviSayavandharavAdi, Adi namaskAra, vastu nirdezAdi upakrama, kavi prazaMsA, durjana, sujanAdi kA svarUpa nirdeza, duSkara citrAdi sargatva Adi kA nirdeza kiyA hai|122 artha vaicitrya ke antargata unhone catuvarga (dharma, artha kAma aura mokSa) kI prApti caturodAttanAyaka, rasabhAvoM kI yojanA, sUtra saMvidhAna, nagara, Azrama, zaila senA AvAsa, mantra dUta prayANa, saMgrAma, vana vihAra, jala krIDA, madhupAna nAnAthagama, ratotsavAdi ke varNana kA nirdeza kiyA hai| aura ubhayavaiziSTya meM rasAnurUpa saMdarbha, arthAnurUpa chanda, samasta lokaraMjakatA, deza kAla pAtroM kI kriyAye tathA gauNa yA avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA kA nirdeza kiyA hai|

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prathama mahilacheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, AcArya vizvanAtha kA mahAkAvya lakSaNa AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra- mahAkAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAttAdi guNoM se yukta, sadabaMzIya, kSatriya, yA devatA hotA hai| sampUrNa rasoM kI sattA (vyApakatA ko sImita karate hue unhoneM kevala zRgAra vIra aura zAnta rasoM meM se kisI eka rasa kI pradhAnatA (aGgI) ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vizvanAtha se pUrva kisI bhI AcArya ne sargo kI saMkhyA nirdhArita nahI kI thI aura daNDI ne kevala sagaikanativiStIrNa kahA thaa| kintu vizvanAtha ne ise sImita karake mahAkAvya ko kama se kama ATha sargo kA honA Avazyaka mAnA hai aura sargo ke svarUpa na to bahuta bar3e na hI adhika choTe hoM, svIkAra kiyA hai| prakRti citraNa meM vizvanAtha ne pUrvAcAryoM ke kathana ko hI duharAyA hai aura mahAkAvya meM nATakIyatA lAne tathA rasa bhAva nirantaratA ko sthira karane ke lie sargAnta meM bhAvI (agrima) sarga kI kathA kA saMketa honA svIkAra kiyA hai|123 sargavandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAmakaH surH| sadvaMzaH----- aGgAni sarve'pi---------- itihaaso----------------|| ----------- // catvArastastha------------- aadau-----------------|| kvacinmanda khlaa--------| * ekavRtta---------------||

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prathama a nAtisvalpA nAnAvRttamaya:-- sargAkta saMdhyA prAtarmadhyA saMbhoga raNaprathA varNanIyA - karNevRta- nAmAsya asminnArSe prAkRtenirmate- chandasAM apamRdA- tathApabhR bhASA - vibhASA ekArtha praveNe : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva 1 41 11 | -11 -1 11 1 11 I 11 1 --|| -1 -11 -11 vizvanAtha kRta sAhitya darpaNa pari0-6 isake atirikta AcArya rudraTa ne apane grantha 'kAvyAlaGkAra' 124 meM bhojarAja ne apane grantha sarasvatI 'kaNThAbharaNa' 125 meM mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|

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prathama mahicheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ jainakumArasambhava kA sAmAnya paricaya mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava se preraNA grahaNa kara AMcalagacchIya mahendraprabhusUri ke ziSya mahAkavi jayazekharasUri ne isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| yaha mahAkAvya 11 sargoM meM vibhakta hai tathA sampUrNa zloka kI sakhyA 850 hai| kumAra bharata ke janma ko lakSya kara isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI gayI hai| kintu bharata janma kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| isake chaThe sarga meM sumaGgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA saGketa avazya milatA hai26| kavi ne ise mahAkAvya kahA hai| kintu kucha vidvAnoM ke mata meM yaha ekArtha kAvya hai| sambhavataH pUruSArtha catuSTaya meM se kevala mokSa prApti ke pradhAna varNana ke kAraNa vidvAnoM ne ise ekArtha kAvya mAnA hai| kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM ekArtha kAvya kI sUci meM isakA nAmollekha milatA hai| jo bhI ho devAzrita caritra ke aMkana se yaha paurANika aura bharata Adi ke aitihAsika prakhyAta pAtra ke varNana se yaha aitihAsika mahAkAvya hai| isameM mahAkAvya ke bhI adhikAMza lakSaNa vidyamAna hai| jaisA ki AcArya vizvanAtha ne apane mahAkAvya lakSaNa meM varNita kiyA hai| arthAt isa mahAkAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAttAdi guNoM se yukta sadvaMzIya kSatrIya hai isameM zRGgAra rasa, vAtsalya rasa, hAsya rasa Adi kA varNana dRSTigata hotA hai| isameM vibhinna chandoM yathA indrabajrA, upendrabajrA, upajAti, vaMzastha Adi sattaraha chandoM kI yojanA hai| sargo kI sakhyA ATha se bhI adhika gyAraha hai| prakRti citraNa ke sAtha-sAtha mahAkAvya meM nATakIyatA lAne tathA rasabhAva nirantaratA ko sthira rakhane ke lie sargAnta meM bhAvI sarga kI kathA kA saGketa bhI dRSTigata 42

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prathama ahiraTa : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva hotA hai| isameM caturvaga prApti ke sandarbha meM mokSa prApti, tathA rasabhAva kI yojanA sUtra sambidhAna, nagara, dUta-prayANa, ratotsava, AvAsa Adi kA varNana yathA sthAna kiyA gayA hai| ataH ise mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| jainakumArasambhava kI kathA ayodhyA ke rAjA nAbhirAya aura rAnI marudevI ke putra RSabhadeva ne janma ke uparAnta manohara vAla sulabha krIr3AoM ko karate hue yovana ko dhAraNa kiyaa| tumbarU aura nArada nAmaka do devaRSiyoM dvArA inake janma lene kI bAta sunakara indra ko inake vivAha kI cintA huii| RSabhadeva dvArA vivAha ke viSaya meM mauna dhAraNa karane para indra ne 'maunaMsvIkRtilakSaNaM' isa AdhAra unake vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ kara dI aura indra ne inakI prazaMsA karate hue, vivAha maNDapa ko sjaayaa| deviyoM ne do kanyAoM sumaMgalA aura sunandA kA zRMgAra kiyaa| vivAha ke avasara para devatAoM ne nRtya kiyaa| RSabhadeva tathA sumaMgalA-sunandA ko pati-patnI ke sambandhoM kI zikSA dI gyii| isa prakAra zIlavatI sumaMgalA garbhavatI ho jAtI haiN| eka dina sumaMgalA rAtri meM caudaha svapna dekhatI hai aura vaha unake phaloM ko jAnane hetu utkaNThita hAtI hai apanI isa utkaNThA ke samAdhAna hetu vaha prabhu (RSabhadeva) ke vAsagRha meM AtI haiM aura strIbuddhi kI nindA karate hue prabhu se una svapnoM ke viSaya meM pUchatI hai| zrI RSabhadeva sumaMgalA ko eka-eka svapnoM kA phala vatAte hai, jise sunakara sumaMgalA atyanta harSita hotI hai aura vaha prabhu kA yazogAna karatI hai| sumaMgalA apane vAsagRha meM lauTa jAtI hai aura samUce vRttAta ko

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prathama marimoda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, apanI sakhiyoM se batAtI hai| vaha prabhu kA yazogAna karatI hai tathA apanI sakhiyoM se hAsa-parihAsa athavA AlApa-pratyAlApa bhI karatI hai| indra sumaMgalA ke bhAgya kI sarAhanA karate hai aura kahate hai ki avadhi ke pUrva hone para saMmugalA ko putra ratna kI prApti hogI, isake pati kA vacana mithyA nahIM ho sakatA, isake putra ke nAma se yaha bhUmi 'bhArata' tathA vANI 'bhAratIya' khlaayegii| isa prakAra madhyAnha varNana ke sAtha yaha mahAkAvya samApta ho jAtA hai|127 kAvya saundarya kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se jainakumArasambhava mahAkavi jayazekharasUri kI anyAnya racanAoM meM sarvotkRSTa hai aura kavi ko mahAkavi kI pratiSThAparaka padavI se alaMkRta karane kA eka mAtra aashry| isa kAvya kI bhASA praur3ha hai aura zailI primaarjit| kavi ne isa kAvya meM deza, nagara vana, parvata, Rtu, sandhyA, sUryodaya, candrodaya Adi kA atyanta svAbhAvika varNana utprekSA, upamA aura rupaka kI bhUmikA meM sampanna kiyA hai| ayodhyA nagarI kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki tamisrapakSe'pi tamisrarAze rUdhye'vakAze kirnnairmnniinaam| yasyAmabhUvannizi lakSmaNAnAM zreyo'rthamevAvasatheSu diipaaH|| ayodhyA nagarI meM dhanikoM ke ghara meM rAtri meM dIpaka kevala maMgala ke lie hI prajjvalita kiye jAte hai| ataH bhavanoM meM jar3ita maNiyoM kA prakAza itanA adhika hotA thA ki dIpaka prajjvalita karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahI

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prathama : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ par3atI thI / 128 kavi maNiyoM ke prakAza ke sambandha meM punaH kahatA hai ki isa nagarI meM kRSNa pakSa nahIM rahatA hai, sadA zukla pakSa kA nivAsa hai isa kAraNa na to abhisArikAeM yahA~ abhisAra hI kara pAtI hai aura na hI cora corI | ratnokasAM rUg nirAkareNa rAkI, kRtAsusarvAsvApi zarvarISu / siddhaM na mantrA iva duHprayuktA, yatrAbhilASA yathuritvarINAm 129 kavi ne RSabhadeva ke aGga pratyaGga kA nirupaNa isa prakAra kiyA haipadmAni jitvA vihitasya dRgbhyAM sadA svadAsI nanu padmavAsA / kimanyathA sAvasadhAni yAti, tatpreritApremajuSAmaravedam / / 130 RSabhadeva ke netroM ne padmazrI (lakSmI) ko jIta liyA thA / ataH vaha dasI vana gayI thI / unake netroM se prerita hokara lakSmI khedarahita nivAsa ko prApta ho rahI thii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki RSabhadeva kI dRSTi se hI bhakta logoM ke duHkha dAridraya aura durbhAgya Adi doSa (kaThara) dUra ho jAte the| antareNa puruSaM na hi nArI, tAM vinA na puruSo'pi vibhAti / pAdapena rUcimaMcati zAkhA, zAkhayevaH sakalaH kilaso'pi931 arthAt jisa prakAra zAkhA vRkSa se aura vRkSa zAkhA se suzobhita hote hai, usI prakAra puruSa, nArI se aura nArI, puruSa se suzobhita hotI hai abhiprAya yaha hai ki eka dUsare ke vinA ve suzobhita nahI ho skte| isa prakAra pativrata aura kulaTA nArI ke madhya antara batAte hai yA prabhuSNurapi bhartari dAsI - bhAvamAvahati sA khalu kAntA / 45

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prathama ahileda: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva) kopapaGkakaluSA nRSu zeSA, yoSitaH ksstjshossjluukaaH||132 arthAta jo strI samartha hAte hue bhI apane ko pati kI dAsI samajhatI hai vaha hI ekamAtra patnI kahalAne kI adhikAriNI hai, zeSa striyA~ to apane patiyoM ke rakta ko cUsane vAlI joMka kI taraha haiN| apane deza (bhArata) kI viziSTatA evaM saundarya kA varNana kavi ne apanI alaukika kavi zakti dvArA isa prakAra nirupita kiyA hai ihApi varSa samavApya bhArataM babhAra taM harSabharaM purndrH| ghanodayo'laM ghanavamalaMghanaM-zramaM zamaM prAyayati smyo'dbhutm||133 arthAt svarga se dharatI taka Ane meM indra kA sArA zrama bhArata (deza) meM Ate hI dUra ho gayA aura ve bahuta prasanna hue| . punaH prabhu RSabhadeva ke pratApa ke samakSa indra kI asamarthatA ko surucipUrNa DhaMga se isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tava hRdi nivasAmItyuktirIze na yogyA mama hRdi nivasatvaM neti netA niymyH| na vibhurUbhayathAhaM bhASituM tadyahaM, mayikarUkaruNArhe svAtmanaiva prsaadm||134 arthAt meM Apake hRdaya meM nivAsa karatA hU~, yaha ukti Apake yogya nahIM haiM, Apa mere hRdaya meM nivAsa karate hai, aisA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa samasta saMsAra ke netA hai| isa prakAra ubhaya vidha kahane meM asamartha mujha para he karuNAkara kRpA kIjie aura apanA jAnakara prasanna hoie| prabhu

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prathama sariyoda: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, ke yaza kA punaH varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai sa eva deva saguruH satIrthaM, sa maGgalaM seSa sakhA sa taatH| sa prANitaM sa prabhurityupAsA mAse jnaistdgtsrvkRtyaiH| prabhu RSabhadeva hI deva guru, tIrtha, maGgala sakhA aura pitA haiM, ve prANiyoM ke jIvanAdhAra haiM aura unake AdezAnusAra hI prANI apane samasta kAryoM ko sampanna karate hai| upayukta varNanoM se spaSTa hai ki kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se jainakumArasambhava eka utkRSTa racanA hai aura kAvya meM aneka sthaloM para isI taraha ke kAvya saundaryAdhAyaka surUcipUrNa varNanoM se yukta hokara, apane pAThakoM ko bauddhika Ananda dene meM samartha haiN| [47.'

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prathama majisacheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva saMdarbha 'nahi manuSyAt zreSThataraM hi kincit-zAnti parva (mahAbhArata), 180/12 / / 2. mahAkavi kAlidAsa- kaH IpsitArthAsthirA nizcalamanaH payasva nimnAbhimukhaMpratIpayet- ku0 saM0 klezaH phalena hi punarnavatAM vidhtte| ku0 saM0-5/86 zuvayaH-40/8 zrImad bhA0 a0 ko0- 1/3/25 vAlmIki-'rAmAyaNa- pratyeka sarga kI pustikA meN| mahAbhArata-anu0 pa0-1/61 a0 tU0 kA0 kA0-sampAdaka DaoN0 nagendra horesa- Who has junius the divin minds, and the tongue skilled to resound mighty has honour with name of poet, 'selayara' nAmaka kRti se| arastu kA kAvyazAstra, pR026 12. horesa- Art of Poetry 13. romsapIyara- "A Mind summery might dreem" varDsavartha- Prefacee of tyncal milTana- Eassy on education kAlarija- Puoted by shipley Inquest for literature-24 7. The study of poetry, in Easiays in enti Cism' Second senes 18. hemacandra- 'kAvyAnuzAsana' 48

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prathama pariccheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva) kAvyAnuzAsana- vAgbhaTTa haricandra sUrI- dharmaza bhyudaya- 1/159 sanatkumAra carita-jinapAlopAdhyAya-15/46 abhaya kumAra carita-tilakacandra upAdhyAya- 4/72 jinaprabhusUri- zreNika carita- 4/424-110 vahI, 1/13; 3 hammIra mahAkAvya- jayacandra sUri- 14/37 (ka) Rgveda- 1/124/7 (kha) Rgveda- 1/164 20 (ga) kaThopaniSada- 1/3/3 (gha) arthAta upamApada-asada-tat sadRzabhiti gArgyaH, nirukti3/13 (ca) nirukti- 3/13/18 (cha) sAhityakalpadruma- rAjakIya pustakAlaya madrAsa kA hastalipi granthoM kA sUcI patra bhAga-1, khaNDa 1 pR0 2895 / 26. dhvanyAloka udyota- 3, pR0 386 aSTAdhyAyI, pR0 4/3/110-111 27. aSTAdhyAyI- 4/3/77 vahI, 4/3/119 mahAbhASya- 2/1/55 bharata, nATyazAstra- adhyAya 17, zloka 1/114 agnipurANa- 336-607 3. kAvyalaGkArasUtra, vAmana-1-1 vahI, bhAmaha- 1/16 35. vahI, rudraTa-2-1 36. kAvyAdarza, daNDI-1-10

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prathama,riyoda: jenakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, 37. vakroktijIvitam-kuntaka-1-7 mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza mammaTa-1-4 sAhityadarpaNa- vizvanAtha-1-3 40. rasa gaMgAdhara- paM0 rAjajagannAtha, pR0 4 sAhityadarpaNa- prathama pariccheda zAraGga paddhati meM yaha zloka 'zilAbhaTTArikA ke nAma se diyA gayA hai| 43. sAnda0pra0, pari0! rasagaMgAdhara, pR05 vahI, pR04 rasagaMgAdhara- prthmaannm| ripablika 'phrIDsa' aura 'Amona'- pleTo _ 'e Diphensa oNpha poyaTrI- shelii| hitopadeza-1-69 kAlidAsa- vikramo-66 mIti-1-72 52. kAvyAlaMkAra- bhAmaha nATya zAstra-337/4 1. rasagaMgAdhara kI TIkA meM nocitAM ke pratIka ko lekara kAvyamImAMsA-rAjazvara, dvitIya adhyAya kAvyAlaMkAra- bhAmaha-5/3,4 57. vahI, 1/2 50

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prathama asmeida: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, 58. hitopadeza-1-25 kumAra saMbhava- 3/12 59. 60. 61. A0ma0 se- AnandamaTha se- vaMkima candra cttrjii| kAvyAdarza- 1/11, agnipurANa, pR0 363, sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa- 2/18 vAgbhaTIya kAvyA0 adhyAya 1 kAvyAlaMkAra, pR0 9, kA0vA0sU0vR0- 1/26, sA0da0-6/313 3. agnipurANa, pR026, kAvyAdarza nR0-6, bha0ma0, pR0 188, sA0 da0-6-330 kAvyAdarza, pR0 4, sAnda0-6/314, 6-336 65. gadyapadyamayI sAGkA socchvAsA campaka:- kAvyAnuzAsana, pR0 408 kAvyAdarza-pR0 8 / kaa0d0p08| kAvyA0 da0, pR04 agnipurANa, pR0 29 sAnda0- SaSTha pricched|| 9. kAvyaprakAza-pra0u0sU0-2 vahI, pra0u0sU- 31 vahI, pra0u0sU-4 dhvanyAloka, pra0 adhyAya kA0- 21 3. sAnda0-6/1, kAvyAnuzAsana a0 pA0, pR0 379, zrRMgAra prakAza a011, nA0 darpaNa, pR0 12 dRzya zravyaM ca- yadbhavet- nA0zA0 1/11 bhAmaha-kAvyAlaMkAra, pR010 76. sadraTa- kAvyAlaMkAra, pR0 413 77. bhoja- kAvyaM zAstretihAsau ca kAvyazAstraM tathaiva c|

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prathama sahida : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatvam kAvyetihAsaH zastretihAsastadapi ssddvidhm| -sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa-2/139 kAvyAlaMkAra- bhAmaha, pR0 10 79. vahI, pR0 14 tadrapakama bhedo ca upamAnopameyayoH (upamAnopayayoH yaH abhedaH abhedAropaH tat kamityarthaH) kA0pra0 10/139 rUpakaM tatsamAropAt- naTe rAdhavasthAropeNa vartamAnatvAdrUpakaM mukhcndrdvipdt| da0rU0 17 tathA usa para vRtti (ka) trizadrUpama bhedAzca prakArayante'tra tkssnnaiH| bhA0pra0 aSTam adhikAra, pR0221 (kha) tadrUpakeSutkRSTa tvAdvahuguNA kiirnntvaacc| nAla0ra0, pR0 3 __ (ga) sandarbheSu dazarUpakaM zreyaH kAvyAlaMkAra sUtra vRtti- vAmana- 1/3-30 83. nATya zAstra- 18/5, vahI, 1/2-4 dazarUpaka- 3/43 sAhityadarpaNa-6/4-5 bhAvaprakAzana-8/221, 3/10 zrRMgAra prakAza- adhyAya-20 hRdayAnupraveza rajjanollAsa tathA hRdayaM zarIraM copAyatyutpattiparighaTTitayA ceSTayA nartayati 'naTanantau' nRte ityubhayathA hi smrnti| taditi tasmAd hetoH nAmAsya naattkmiti| nA0zA0 dvi0bhA0 abhi0 bhAratI, pR0 413, gAyakavAr3a siiriij| 90. nATakamiti nATayati vicitraM rajjanAptavezena sayyAnAM hRdayaM nartayati iti naattkm| abhinavagupta nATakAmAta nATakA stanumanArthasthApi nahernATaka zabda vyutpaadyti| tadatu ghaTAdi lena hsvaabhaavaashcintyH| nATyadarpaNa vRnti bhAga, pR0 23

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prathama atirada: jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva/ nATyazAstra-18/10-12, dazarUpaka-33/22-23 sAnda0-6/7-8 92. prakarSeNa kriyate kalpyate netA, phalaM vastu vA samasta vyastatayA neti prakaraNam- nATya darpaNa, dvitIya viveka, pR0 203 nA0zA0-18/65-67 4. kAvyAnuzasana, pR0 381 dazarUpara- 3/39-42 sAhityadarpaNa-6/224-226 6. nATya darpaNa, pR0 203 97. eka mukheneva bhASyante uktimantaH kriyante apraviSTA api pAtra- vizeSAyatreti- nA0zA0 18 a0, abhi0 pR0 441 98. bhAratI vRtti pradhAnatvAdbhANa:- dazarUpaka avaloka, pR0168 99. yatraka eva viTaH svakRtaM parakRtaM vA bhAratI vRtti bhUmiSThaM bhaNati sa bhANa:- ratnApaNA ttiikaa| 100. bhANa kI vyutpatti hI hai- bhaSyate gaNanoktayA nAmakena svapara vRttaM yasminniti bhaannH| paribhASA hetu draSTavya-nA0 zA0- 18/60, dazarUpaka- 3/49-53, sA0da0-6/227, bhAva prakAzana-544 546 101. hRdayAnupraveza ranjanollAsatayA hRdayaM zarIraM copAyatyUtpattiparighaTTitayA ceSTayA nartayati 'naTanRtato' nRte ityubhayathA hi smaranti taditi tasmAda hetoH nAmAsya naattkmiti| nA0zA0vi0mA0 abhi. bhAratI, pR0 413, gAyakavAr3a, siiriij| 102. Dimo Dimvo vidrava iti paryAbhAH tadyogAdarya DimaH anme tu Dayanta iti DimaH uddhaTa nAmakAsteSAmAtmanAM vRttiryatreti- abhinA0zA0- 18, a0, pR0 443-44 103. vyAbhoga yuddhaprAye niyudhyante puruSA patreti vyAyoga, ityarthaH- nA0zA0abhi0 bhA0 1.8 adhyAya, pR0 445

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prathama asineda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, 104. vyujyante'smin vahavaH puruSA iti vyAyogaH- daru010pra0 vRtti, pR0 172 105. saMgatairavakInarNazcAryeH trivargopAye: pUrva prasiddhaireva kriyate- nivadhyate iti samavakAra:- nATya darpaNa, pR0 221 kI vRtti| 106. (ka) samavakIryante asminnarthA iti samavakAraH-dazarUpaka, pR0173 (kha) samavakIryante vahavo'rthA asminiti samavakAra:- sAnda06, kaarikaa| 107. (ka) vIthI va dvIthI mArgaH aGgAnAM piiGktarvA- dazarUpaka, 40, pR0 3/68 paradhanika vRtti (kha) avasko0 amarakoza- 3/3/71 108. vaktoktimArgeNa gamanA vIthI va vIthI-nATya da0, pR0240 109. vIthIvanAnArasAnAM cAtramAlA patayA sthitatvAdvIzrIyam- sAnda0, pR0 530 110. utkramaNIyA sRSTijIvitaM prANA yAsAM tA utsRssttikaaH| zocantyaH smiyastAniraMkita iti tthoktH| -nA0zA0-18, abhi0bhA0, pR0446 111. vIyyaGkeIhAmRgA iti|| 3 / / daru0pra0pra0, pR05 112. adhAMka : utsRSTikAMke prkhyaatN-||70|| vahIM, pR0 174 113. utkramaNonmukhA sRSTirjIvitaM yAsAM tA utsRssttikaa| zocantyaH striyaH tamiraM kilatvAda utsssttikaaNkH|-naand0 dvitIya viveka 11, pR0236 114. abhinavabhAratI, pR0 441-42 / 115. dazarupaka, tR0 pR0 avalokavRtti, pR0 175 116. nAyako mRgavadalabhyAM nAyikA- yatra Ihate vAnTItIhAmRgaH-sA0da0, pR0518 117. nATya darpaNa dvi vi0, pR0 239 118. sargavandho mahAkAvyaM mahatAM ca mahacca mt|

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prathama makkica : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva agrAmyazabdamartha ca sAlaMkAraM sdaaym|| mantradUtaprayArAji nAyakAbhyudayaMca yt| paMcabhiH saMdhibhiryuktaM naativyaaykhyeymRddhimt|| catuvargAmidhAne'pi bhUya saavopdeshkRt| yuktaM lokasvabhAvena rasezca sakaleH pRthk|| nAyakaM prAgupanyasta vaMzavIrya- shrutaadibhiH| na tasyaiva vadhaM bruuyaadnyotkrssaabhidhitsiyaa|| 1/25 AcArya bhAmaha- kAvyAlaMkAra- 1/22-25 119. sargavandho mahAkAvyamucyate tasya lkssnnm| AzIrnamAskriyA vastunirdezo vApi tnmukhm|| 1/14 120. itihAsa kayodbhUtamitarAdvA tdaashrym| caturvargaphalopentaM caturodAtta naaykm|| 1/15 nAgarArNava- zailartu- candraukadiyaH vrnnnaiH| udyAna- lalita- krIr3A bhadhupAna rtotsvaiH| 1/16 vipralambhevivAhaizca kumArodaya- vrnnnaiH| mantra-dUta-prayANAji- naaykaashyudyairpi|| 1 / 17 / / alaMkRtamamasaMkSiptaM- rsbhaav-nirntrm| sarganativiStIrNaiH zravyavRnteH susndhibhiH|| 1/18 / / sarvatra bhinna-hantAntarupatetaM lokrjjkm| kAvyaM kalpAntarasthAyi jAyate sdkNkRti|| 1/19||-dnnddii kAvyAdarza-1/14/19 121. agnipurANa, adhyAya- 337/24-34

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122. prathama padya prAyaH saMskRtaprAkRtAbhraMzagrAmya bhASA nivaddha bhinnAntya vrattasargAzvAsa saMdhyavaskandhakabandha satsaMdhizabdArtha paicilyopetaM mahAkAvyaM / jainakumArasambhava, mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva, chAndovizeSaracitaM prAyaH saMskRtAdibhASAnivaddhairbhinAntya - vRtte yathA saMkhyaM sargAdibhinirmitaM suzliSTa mukhapratimukha garbha vimarzanivathaNa saMdhi sundaraM zabdArtha vaicitryopetaM mhaakaavym| zabdaSaicitryaM yathA - asaMkSiptagraMthatvaM aviSamavandhatvaM, anativiStIrNaparaspara saMvaddhayasargAditvaM, AzIrnamaskAravastu nirdezApekRyatvaM, vyaktavyArtha prati - jJAna tatprayojanopanyAsa - kavi - prazaMsA, durjanasujana svarUpadAdi-vAkyatvaM, duSkaracitrAdisargatvaM, svAbhiprAya svapnAme STanAmaMgalAMkita samApti tvamiti / / artha vaicitrya yathA- catuvarga phalopAyatvaM, caturodAtta nAyakatvaM, rasabhAvanirantastvaM, vidhi niSedha - vyuratpAdakatvaM susUla saMndhi saMdhAnakatvaM, nagarAzrama- senAvAsArNavAdi - varNanaM - RturAtri dipAkAMstamatha candrodayAdi varNanaM, nAyaka - nAtayakA - kumAra - vAhanAdi varNanaM mantradUta - prayANa - saMgrAmAbhyudayAdivarNanaM bana-vihAra - jalakrIr3A - madhupAna, mAnApagamaratotsavAdi - varNanamiti / / ubhayajaicitrayayathA - rasAnurUpa- sandarbhatvam arthAnupadvadandastvam samasta loka raJjakatvam sadalaMkAravAkyatvam dezakAlapAtraceSTA- kathAntarAnuSaMjanam mArgAdvayAnuvartanam ca iti / A0a0 prAyogRhNAdeva rAvaNAvijama harivija setuvandheSvAditaH samAptiparyantameM kameva chandobhavatIti / gatikAni tu talakairapi vidagdhamAnibhiH kSiptAnIti tadvido bhASante / - hemacandra, kAvyAnuzAsana, 123. sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH suraH / sadvaMza: 124. kAvyAlaMkAra - rudraTa, adhyAya 125. sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa - bhoja ! -11 56

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prathama tiracheda : jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva 126. mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri kaumArakeli kalanAbhira muSyapUrva lakSAH SaDe kalavatAM nayataH sukhaabhiH| AdhA priyA garabhameNadRzAmabhISTa bhartuH prsaadmvinshvrmaasaad|| -jai0 ku0 saM0-6/74 127. jaina kumAra sambhava- jayazekhara sUri- 1 se 1 sargo taka 128. jaina kumAra sambhava- jayazaMkhara sUri- 1/6 129. vahI, 17 130. vahI, 1/57 131. vahI, 5/61 132. vahI, 5/81 133. vahI, 2/60 134. vahI, 27 57

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dvitIya adhyAya jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana-vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jainakAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM

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mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri jainakumArasambhava kA racanAkAla evaM mahAkavi jayazekharasUri ke jIvanavRtta kA koI vizvasta pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| mahAkavi ne grantha ke anta meM apane nAmollekha ke atirikta apanA koI vizeSa paricaya nahIM diyA hai| anyAnya saMskRta granthoM meM AMcalagacchIya paramparA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai 3. AryarakSita sUri (AMcalagaccha saMsthApaka) jayasiMha sUri dharmaghoSa sUri mahendrasiMha sUri siMhaprabhu sUri ajitasiMha sUri devendrasiMha sUri dharmaprabha sUri siMhatilaka sUri mahendraprabha sUri (a) munizekhara sUri (ba) jayazekhara sUri (ga) merutuGga sUri uparyukta nAmAvalI ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita hotA hai ki jayazekhara sUri mahendraprabha sUri ke ziSya the aura munizekhara ke pazcAt tathA

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA ahabApa jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, merutuGgAcArya ke pUrva vidyamAna the| jainakumArasambhava ke pratyeka sarga kI TIkA ke anta meM kavi ke priya ziSya dharmazekhara sUri ne jayazekhara sUri kI sAhityika upalabdhiyoM kA jo saMketa kiyA hai, usase vidita hotA hai ki jayazekhara sUri kAvya saritA ke 'udgama sthala' tathA 'kavidharA' ke mukuTa the| unakI kavitva zakti aura kAvya kauzala ko dekhate hue dharmazekhara sUri kA yaha kathana sUriH zrI jayazekharaH kavighaTA kottiirhiircchviH| dharmillAdimahAkavitvakala nA klloliniisaanumaan|| guruzakti se utprerita zraddhAMjali mAtra nahIM hai| dhammilakumAracarita kI prazasti meM jayazekhara sUri ne svayaM 'kavicakradhara' vizeSaNa dvArA apanI prabala kavitvazakti ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| dhammilakumAracarita kA racanAkAla saMvat 1462 taka jayazekhara kI sthiti asandigdha hai| mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri dvArA ullikhita grantha zrI staMbhatIrtha zrImadncalagacchanabhomaNDalarmAtaNDena sakalavidvatavarga mAnasacakora sudhArakareNa yamaniyamAsanaprANAyAmapratyAhArdhyAnadhAraNAsamAdhyAtmakANThAGga parikalitAtmanA nijapratibhAdhArI kRtAmRtAzanAsUriNA bhAratIpradattavareNa prabodhacintAmaNi, upadezacintAmaNi, dhammilakumAracarita sacchAstra praNetA prAtaH smaraNIya nAdheyena pUjyapAdAravindayugalena tatra bhavatA paramaguru varNeya zrI jayazekharasUri viracitaM jaina-kumArasambhava mhaakaavym|

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dvitIya purieNTa: jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM pUrvokta varNana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jayazekhara sUri prabodha cintAmaNi, upadezacintAmaNi, dhammilakumAracarita aura jainakumArasambhava kI racanA kI thii| inakI racanAoM kI sUcI nimnalikhita hai1. pravodhacintAmaNi (saM0 1464) jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara 2. upadezacintAmaNi (saM0 1436) hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara dhammillakumAracarita (saM0 1462) hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara jainakumArasambhava (vikrama saM0 1483 jainakumArasambhava kI prazasti) girinAragiridvAtriMzikA 6. mahAvIrajinadvAtriMzikA dharmasarvasva upadezacintAmaNyacUri puSpamAlAvacUri 10. AtmAvavodhakulaka 11. zatrujaya dvAtriMzikA 12. upadezamAlAvacUri 13. kriyAguptastrot

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM 14. chandazekhara 15. navatattva kulaka ajitazAntistava 17. saMvodhasaptatikA 18. naiminAtha phAgu 19. tribhunadIpaka pravandha dhammilakumAracarita kI prazasti meM jaina kumArasambhava ke nAmollekha se yaha nizcita hai ki jainakumArasambhava pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika varSoM meM nirmita kRti hai| ataeva dharmasarvasva, Atmakulaka, ajitazAntistava, saMbodhasAptikA, naladamayantIcampU, nyAyamaJjarI tathA dvAtrizikAeM kavi kI maulika racanAeM hai| tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha, paramahaMza prabandha, antaraMga caupAI, prabodha cintAmaNi caupAI kI racanA gujarAtI meM huI hai| tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ kisI bhI dharma yA sampradAya ke viziSTa sAhitya kA adhyaya na karane ke lie usa yuga kI rAjanItika, dhArmika sAmAjika aura sAhityika paristhitiyoM kA paricaya prApta karanA samIcIna hogaa|

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM jainoM ke kAvya sAhitya kI upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki usakA nirmANa IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI se prArambha ho gayA thaa| rAjanItika dRSTi se yaha guptavaMzI rAjyasattA ke asta kA kAla thaa| uttara bhArata meM san 450 ke lagabhaga hUNoM kA AkramaNa huA phalasvarUpa bhArata meM kendrIya zAsana kA abhAva ho gayA aura vaha aneka svatantra saMgharSarata rAjyavaMzoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| yaha sthiti prAya: aMgrejI zAsana sthApita hone ke pUrva taka barAbara banI rhii| (ka) rAjanItika paristhitiyA~ jainadharma ne guptakAla ke samaya yA usase kucha pUrva pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata ko apane viziSTa kArya-kalApoM kA kendra bnaayaa| vaise jainadharmAnuyAyI madhyakAla meM baMgAla vihAra, ur3IsA aura uttarapradeza ke katipaya sthAnoM meM barAbara bane rahe para unakI tatkAlIna sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA hameM koI patA nhiiN| madhyakAla meM mAlavA, rAjasthAna, uttarI gujarAta tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke karnATaka Adi prAntoM meM jainadharma kA acchA samAdara rahA aura apane sAhityika kAryakalApoM meM unheM jaina janatA ke atirikta rAjyavarga se saMrakSaNa aura preraNA milatI rhii| dakSiNa ke pUrva madhyakAlIna rAjyavaMzoM jaise gaMga, kadamba, cAlukya aura rASTrakUToM ne aura unake adhIna aneka sAmantoM, mantriyoM aura senApatiyoM ne jainadharma ko Azraya hI nahIM diyA balki ve jaina vidhi se calane ke lie pravRtta bhI 6 2

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dvitIya pa jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, hue the| mAnyakUTa ke kucha rASTrakUTa nareza to pakke jaina the aura unake saMrakSaNa meM kalA aura sAhitya ke nirmANa meM jainoM kA yogadAna bar3e mahatva kA hai| isa yuga se sambaddha pramukha kaviyoM aura granthakAroM kI eka maNDalI thI jinakI sAhityika racanAeM mahAn pANDitya ke udAharaNa hai| vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra, zAkaTAyana, mahAvIrAcArya, svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, malliSeNa, somadeva, pampa Adi isI yuga ke hai| unakI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura kannar3a sAhitya meM kRtiyA~ evaM sAhitya-gaNita, vyAkaraNa rAjanIti Adi para racanAeM sthAyI mahattvazAlI haiN| rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa (san 815-77 I0) jinasena kA bhakta thA aura apane jIvana ke antima bhAga meM usane jainadharma svIkAra kiyA tathA katipaya jaina granthoM kA praNayana bhI kiyA thaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM vijaya-nagara sAmrAjya (14-15vIM zatAbdI) ke patanoparAnta bhI kaI jaina sAmanta rAjA the jo ki aMgrejI zAsana ke Agamana taka bane rhe| uttaramadhyakAla meM jainoM kI sAhityika pravRtti ke kendra gujarAta meM aNahilapura, khambhAta aura bhar3auca rAjasthAna meM bhinnamAla, jAvAlipura nAgapura ajayameru, citrakUTa aura AghATapura tathA mAlavA meM ujjaina, gvAliyara aura dhArAnagara the| usa samaya gujarAta meM caulukya aura vaghela, rAjasthAna meM cAhamAna paramAra vaMza kI zAkhAeM aura guhilauta tathA mAlavA aura par3osa meM paramAra, candela aura kalcuri rAjA rAjya karate the| ina zAsaka vaMzoM ne jainadharma aura jaina samAja ke sAtha bahuta sahAnubhUti aura samAdara kA vyavahAra kiyA, isase jaina sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM ko nirvighna sAhityika

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dvitIya i : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM sevA aura jIvanayApana meM bar3I pragati aura saphalatA milI, gujarAta ke cAlukya narezoM, vizeSakara siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ke Azraya meM jainadharma ne apane pratApI dina dekhe aura usa yuga meM kalA aura sAhitya ke nirmANa meM jainoM ke yogadAna ne gujarAta ko mahAn banA diyA, jo Aja bhI hai| isa samaya se gujarAta meM sAhityika kriyA-kalApa kA eka yuga prArambha huA aura isakA zreya hemacandra aura unake bAda hone vAle aneka jaina kaviyoM ko hai / rAjadarabAroM meM jainAcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ke tyAgI jIvana aura usake sAtha vidyopAsanA kI bhI bar3I pratiSThA kI jAtI thI aura aneka rAjavaMzI loga bhI unake bhakta aura upAsaka hone meM apanA kalyANa samajhate the| muslima zAsana kAla meM yadyapi jainoM ke mandira yatra-tatra naSTa kiye gaye para sabhavataH utane adhika parimANa meM nhiiN| usa kAla meM bhI jainAcAryoM aura jaina gRhasthoM kI pratiSThA kAyama thii| dillI kA bAdazAha muhammada tugalaka jinaprabhasUri kA bar3A samAdara karatA thaa| mugala samrATa akabara aura jahA~gIra ne AcArya hIravijaya, zAnticandra aura bhAnucandra ke upadezoM se prabhAvita ho jIvarakSA ke lie pharamAna nikaale| akabara ne AcArya hIravijaya jI ko jagadaguru kI upAdhi dI thI aura unake anurodha para pajjUsaNa ke jaina vArSikotsava ke samaya una sthAnoM meM prANihiMsA kI manAhI kara dI jahA~ ki jaina loga nivAsa karate the| 64

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dvitIya puriTareTa : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA A jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM M isa rAjanItika sthiti kA prabhAva jaina kAvya sAhitya para vividha rUpa se par3A aura pAMcavI zatI IsvI se anavarata jaina kAvya sAhitya kA nirmANa hotA rhaa| (kha) dhArmika paristhitiyA~ guptakAla se abataka bhArata meM dhArmika paristhiti ne aneka karavaTeM badalI haiN| guptakAla meM eka navIna brAhmaNa dharma kA udaya ho rahA thA jisakA AdhAra vedoM kI apekSA purANa adhika mAne jAte the| brAhmaNadharma meM nAnA avatAroM kI pUjA aura bhakti kI pradhAnatA thii| gupta nareza svayaM bhAgavata dharmAnuyAyI arthAt viSNu pUjak the parantu ve bar3e hI dharmasahiSNu aura anya dharmoM ko saMrakSaNa dene vAle the| bauddha dharma ke mahAyAna sampradAya kA gupta rAjyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM acchA pracAra thaa| pUrva meM nAlandA aura pazcima meM vallabhI bauddhadharma ke naye kendroM ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahe the| jaina dharma bhI vikasita sthiti meM thaa| vallabhI meM degardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne jainAgamoM kA pAMcavI zatAbdI meM saMkalana kiyA thaa| isa yuga kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vibhinna dharmoM meM paraspara AdAna-pradAna aura saMmizraNa adhika mAtrA meM bar3hane lagA thaa| jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura bhagavAna buddha hindU avatAroM meM gine jAne lage the| usa samaya ke aneka dhArmika vizvAsoM meM ulaTa-pulaTa ho rahI thI, dhArmika jIvana meM vidharmI tattvoM kA praveza hone lagA thA aura eka hI kuTumba

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dvitIya pariccheTa : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM, aura rAjyavaMza meM vibhinna dharmoM kI eka sAtha upAsanA hone lagI thii| tAMtrika dharma kA vistAra bar3hane lagA thaa| hindU dharma meM tAMtrika dharma praviSTa ho cukA thaa| jainadharma meM vaha maMtravAda ke rUpa meM praviSTa ho rahA thaa| tAMtrika devI-devatAoM ke rUpa meM camatkAra-pradarzana ke lie yA bAda-vivAda meM parAjaya ke lie kucha deviyoM- jaise- jvAlA, mAlinI, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI Adi kA AviSkAra hone lagA thaa| unakI svataMtra mUrtiyoM va mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI hone lagA thA tathA unake lie srotra-pUjAe~ bhI racI jAne lagI thii| zaiva aura vaiSNava dharmoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa tIrthakaroM ko kartA-hartA mAnakara unake bhaktiparaka srota banane lge| jainAcAryoM ne aise laukika dharmoM ko bhI apane dharma meM zAmila kara liyA jo dharma-sammata na hote hue bhI loka meM apanA vizeSa prabhAva rakhate the| nAnA prakAra ke parva tIrtha, maMtra Adi kA mahAtmya mAnA jAne lagA aura usake nimitta nAnA prakAra ke kathA-sAhitya likhe jAne lge| isa yuga meM sasaMgha tIrthayAtrA ko mahattva bhI diyA jAne lgaa| jaina zramaNa saMgha kI vyavasthA meM bhI anekoM parivartana hone lage the| mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga cha: sau varSa bAda jaina munigaNa vana-udyAna aura parvatopatyakA kA nivAsa chor3a grAmoM nagaroM meM ThaharanA ucita samajhane lge| ise 'vasati-vAsa' kahate hai| gRhasthavarga jo pahale 'upAsaka' nAma se saMbodhita hotA thA vaha dhIre-dhIre niyata rUpa se dharmazravaNa karane lagA aura aba vaha upAsaka-upAsikA kI jagaha zrAvaka-zrAvikA kahalAne lgaa| vasativAsa ke

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dvitIya pahiloTa : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA A jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, M kAraNa muniyoM aura gRhastha zrAvakoM ke bIca nikaTa samparka hone se jaina saMgha meM aneka matabheda, aura AcAra-viSayaka zithilatAeM Ane lgii| IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM mUrti tathA mandiroM kA nirmANa zrAvaka kA pradhAna dharma bana gyaa| muniyoM kA dhyAna bhI jJAnArAdhanA se haTakara mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI dekhabhAla meM lagane lagA thaa| ve pUjA aura parammata ke lie dAnAdi grahaNa karane lage the| phalataH sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda se jinapratimA, jinAlaya nirmANa aura jinapUjA ke mahAtmya para vizeSa rUpa se sAhitya nirmANa hone lgaa| IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM muniyoM ke samudAya kula gaNa aura zAkhAoM meM vibhakta the| jinameM muniyoM kA hI prAvalya thA para dhIre-dhIre gRhastha zrAvakoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa naye nAma vAle saMgha, gaNa, gaccha evaM anvayoM kA udaya hone lagA tathA kaI gaccha paramparAeM cala par3I thii| pahale jaina Agama sUtroM kA paThana-pAThana jaina sAdhuoM ke lie hI niyata the| para dezakAla ke parivartana ke sAtha zrAvakoM ke paThana-pAThana ke lie unakI rUci kA dhyAna rakha Agamika prakaraNa aura aupadezika prakaraNoM ke sAtha nUtana kAvya zailI meM paurANika mahAkAvya, bahuvidha kathA-sAhitya aura srotoM tathA pUjA-pAThoM kI racanA hone lgii| pAMcavI se dasavIM zatAbdI taka jaina manISiyoM dvArA aisI aneka vizAla evaM pratinidhi racanAeM likhI gayI jo Age kI kRtiyoM kA AdhAra mAnI jA sakatI hai| 67

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, adhyAya sAmAjika paristhitiyoM meM digambara aura zvetAmbara ke jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM IsA kI 11vIM aura 12vIM zatAbdI meM deza kI rAjanItika aura parivartana ke sAtha jainasaMgha ke ubhaya sampradAyoM Antarika saMgaThanoM meM navIna parivartana hue jisase eka nUtana jAgaraNa huaa| digambara sampradAya meM tabataka aneka saMgha gaNa aura gaccha bana cuke the aura unake aneka mAnya AcArya maThAdhIza jaise bana gaye the| aura dhIre-dhIre eka navIna saMgaThana bhaTTAraka va mahanta varga ke rUpa meM udaya ho rahA thA jo pakkA caityavAsI banane lagA thaa| isI taraha zvetAmbara sampradAya caityavAsa aura vasativAsa ke vivAdasvarUpa anekoM gaNoM aura gacchoM meM vibhakta hone lagA aura vibhinna gaccha paramparAeM calane lgii| gaNa- gacchanAyakoM ne apane-apane dala kI pratiSThA ke lie evaM anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAne ke lie vibhinna pradezoM tathA nagaroM meM vizeSa rUpa se paribhramaNa kiyaa| ina logoM ne apane vidyA, bala evaM prabhAvadarzaka zakti sAmarthya se rAjakIya varga aura dhanika varga ko apanI ora AkarSita kiyA aura bar3hate hue, ziSya varga ko kAryakSama aura jJAnasamRddha banAne ke lie nAnA prakAra kI vyavasthA kI / isake phalasvarUpa dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata ke aneka sthAnoM meM jJAnasatra aura zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita hue| vahA~ Agama nyAya, sAhitya aura vyAkaraNa Adi viSayoM ke jJAtA vidvAnoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI, svAdhyAyamaNDala khole gaye tathA adhyApaka aura adhyayanArthiyoM ke lie Avazyaka aura upayogI sAmagrI upalabdha karAyI gii| 'vidvAn sarvatra pUjyate' isa yukti ko mahatva dekara jaina 68

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4 dvitIya pariccheTa: jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM sAdhu aura gRhastha varga apanI vidyA-viSayaka samRddhi bar3hAne kI ora vizeSa dhyAna dene lge| jaina siddhAnta ke adhyayana ke bAda anya dArzanika sAhitya kA tathA vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaGkAra, chandazAstra aura jyotiHzAstra Adi sArvajanika sAhitya kA bhI vizeSa rUpa se Akalana hone lagA aura isa viSaya ke naye-naye grantha race jAne lge| (ga) sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ __ hamAre isa Alocya yuga ke pUrvamadhya kAla meM sAmAjika stabdhatA dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lagI thii| bhAratIya samAja jAti prathA se jakar3atA jA rahA thA aura dhArmika tathA rIti-rivAja ke bandhana dRr3ha hote jA rahe the| uttaramadhyakAla Ate-Ate samAja anekoM jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hone lgaa| dhIre-dhIre pragatizIla aura samanvaya evaM sahiSNutA ke sthAna para sthira rUDhivAda aura kaThoratA ne paira jamA lie| samAja meM tantra-mantra TonA-ToTakA, zakuna, muhUrta Adi aMdhavizvAsa azikSita aura zikSita donoM meM ghara kara gaye the| dhArmika kSetra tathA sAmAjika kSetra meM uttarottara bhedabhAva bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| kriyA kANDa aura zuddhi-azuddhi ke kAraNa brAhmaNa varga meM chUAchUta kA vicAra bar3ha rahA thaa| jAtiyoM ke upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta hone se unameM khAna-pAna roTI-veTI kA sambandha banda ho rahA thaa| kSatriya aura vaizya varga meM bhI ina naye parivartanoM kA prabhAva par3ane lagA thaa| kSatriya varga ke rAjavaMzoM se zAsana kArya prAyaH china rahA thaa| isa kAla

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IE dvitIya pariraNTa : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyaoN tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM prernnaaeN| 34mAna ke aneka rAjavaMza prAya: akSatriya varga ke the| uttara bhArata meM thAnezvara ke puSyabhUti vaiSya the| baMgAla ke pAla aura sena zUdra the| kannauja ke gurjanapratihAra videzI the jo pIche kSatriya banAye gaye the| isI taraha paramAra aura cauhAna bhI the| tAtparya yaha ki kSatriya varga meM aneka tattvoM kA saMmizraNa ho rahA thaa| sAmAnya kSatriya vyApAra kara vaizyavRtti dhAraNa kara rahe the aura dhArmika dRSTi se ve kisI eka dharma ke mAnane vAle na the tathA pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata meM bahusaMkhyaka jainadharmAvalambI bhI ho gaye the| isa kAla meM vaizyavarga meM bhI nUtana rakta saMcAra huaa| chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ve jaina aura bauddha dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kRSi karma chor3a cuke the kyoMki uttara bhArata meM usa samaya kRSakoM kI apekSA vyApArika varga sammAnanIya samajhA jAtA thaa| isa kAla meM aneka kSatriya vaizyavRtti svIkAra karane lage the| kaI jaina srotroM se mAlUma hotA hai ki kucha kSatriya ahiMsA ke prabhAva se zastra jIvikA badalakara vyApAra aura lena-dena vRtti karane lage the| isa yuga meM vaizya loga aneka jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM meM baMTa gaye the| isa kAla kA jaina dharma adhikAMzata vyApArika varga ke hA~tha meM thaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmAnuyAyoM meM aba bhI brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya haiM para prAyaH sabhI vyApAra vRtti karate haiN| dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata meM dhanika vyApArika varga ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina dharma bar3A hI phuulaa-phlaa| aneka jaina vaizyoM ko rAjya kAryoM meM sakriya sahayoga dene kA avasara milA thA aura ve rAjya ke choTe-bar3e adhikAra padoM para suzobhita

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dvitIya ca jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyaoN tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM hue the| aneka jaina vibhinna rAjyoM ke mahAmAtya aura mahAdaNDanAyaka jaise padoM para bhI pratiSThita hue the| dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata ke aneka zilAlekha unakI amara gAthAoM ko gAte hue pAye gaye haiN| muzlima kAla meM bhI jaina gRhasthoM ke kAraNa jainAcAryoM kI pratiSThA kAyama bhI dillI, AgarA aura ahamadAbAda ke kaI jaina parivAroM kA, unake vyApArika sambandhoM evaM vizAla dhanarAzi ke kAraNa, mugala daravAroM meM bar3A prabhAva thaa| rAjapUta rAjyoM meM bhI aneka jaina senApati aura maMtriyoM ke mahattvapUrNa padoM para the mugaloM se dRr3hatApUrvaka lar3ane vAle rANApratApa ke samaya ke bhAmAzAha, AzAzAha aura bhAramala Adi prasiddha hai| ISTa iNDiyA kampanI ke samaya meM jagatseTha, siMdhI Adi viziSTa parivAra the jo rAjaseTha mAne jAte the aura rAjyazAsana meM unakA bar3A prabhAva thaa| rAjakIya pratiSThA ke sAtha-sAtha isa kAla meM jaina vaizya bar3A hI supaThita aura prabuddha thaa| jainAcAryoM ke samAna hI vaha bhI sAhitya sevA meM rata thaa| isa kAla meM jaina gRhasthoM ne anekoM granthoM kI racanA bhI kI hai| apabhraMza mahAkAvya padmacarita ke racayitA svayambhU, tilakamaJjarI jaise puSTa gadya kAvya ke praNetA dhanapAla, kannaDa cAmuNDarAyapurANa ke lekhaka cAmuNDarAya, naranArAyaNAnanda mahAkAvya ke racayitA vastupAla, dharmazarmAbhyudayakAra harizcandra, paMDita AzAdhara arhaddAsa, kavi maMDana Adi aneka jaina gRhastha hI the| jainAcAryoM dvArA aneka grantha praNayana karAne, unakI pratiyoM ko likhAkara vitaraNa karane tathA aneka zAstra bhaNDAroM ke nirmANa karAne meM jaina vaizya

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dvitIya pariccheTa: jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyoM tathA amAga jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM varga kA pramukha hA~tha rahA hai| (gha) sAhityika avasthA Alocya yuga ke pUrva guptakAla saMskRta sAhitya kA svarNayuga kahA jAtA hai| usa samaya taka vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, azvaghoSa ke kAvya vuddhacarita evaM saundarananda tathA kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza, kumArasambhava Adi evaM prAkRta ke gAthAsaptazatI evaM setubaMdha Adi likhe jA cuke the aura eka viziSTa kAvyAtmaka zailI kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA tathA saMskRta prAkRta evaM apabhraMza meM uttarottara uccakoTi kI racanAeM hone lagI thii| taba taka brAhmaNoM ke mukhya purANa bhI antima rUpa dhAraNa kara rahe the| isa yuga meM kAvyoM ko zAstrIya paddhati para bA~dhane ke lie bhAmaha, daNDi, rudraTa prabhRti vidvAnoM ke kAvyAlaGkAra, kAvyAdarza Adi granthoM kA praNayana huaa| rItivaddha zailI ke isa yuga meM aneka kAvyoM kI sRSTi hone lagI thI jinameM bhAravi kRta kirAtArjunIya, mAghakRta zizupAlavadha, zrIharSakRta naiSadhIya-carita vRhattrayI ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| zAstrIya paddhati para kAvya kI aneka vidhAoM jaise gadya-kAvya, campU, dUtakAvya, anekArthakAvya, nATaka Adi kI sRSTi isa yuga meM huii| jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI isa yuga kI mAMga ko dekhaa| unakA dharma-vaise to tyAga aura vairAgya para pradhAna rUpa se bala detA hai| unake zuSka upadezoM ko binA prabhAvotpAdaka lalita zailI ke kauna sunane ko taiyAra thA?

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dvitIya pariyo : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, jaina muniyoM ko zRGgAra Adi kathAoM ko sunane aura sunAne kA niSedha thA para zrAvaka varga ko sAdhAraNatayA isa prakAra kI kathAoM meM vizeSa rasopalabdhi hotI thii| yuga kI mA~ga ke anurUpa jaina vidvadvarga ne na kevala saMskRta meM balki prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI aneka vidha racanAeM likhI / jaina vidvAna svabhAvataH saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMsa ke vidvAn the / prAkRta unake dharma granthoM kI bhASA thI aura sAmAnya varga taka pahu~cane ke lie ve apabhraMza meM racanAe~ likhakara usakA vikAsa kara rahe the tathA paMDita evaM abhijAta varga se samparka ke lie saMskRta meM bhI parama niSNAta the| saMskRta yathArthataH usa kAla taka pANDityapUrNa vivecanoM aura racanAoM kI bhASA vana gaI thI / etannimitta jainoM ne nyAya vyAkaraNa, gaNita, rAjanIti evaM dhArmikaupadezaprada viSayoM ke atirikta AlaGkArika zailI meM purANa carita evaM kathAoM para gadya evaM padya kAvya rUpa meM saMskRta racanAeM nirmita kii| sAhitya - nirmANa ke kSetra meM jainoM kA sarvaprathama dhyAna lokarUcita kI ora rahA hai isalie unhoMne sAmAnya jana bhogya prAkRti apabhraMza ke atirikta aneka prAntIya bhASAoM- kannar3a, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI evaM hindI Adi meM granthoM kA pracura mAtrA meM praNayana kiyaa| jainoM ke sAhitya-nirmANa kArya meM rAjavarga aura dhArmika varga kI ora se bar3A protsAhana evaM preraNA milI thii| usakI carcA hama kara cuke haiN| (Ga) lekhana vidhi jaina vidvAnoM ko lekhanakArya meM sAdhuvarga aura samAja kI ora se 73

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dvitIya mariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA ma jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, bhI aneka suvidhAe~ prApta thiiN| jaba koI vidvAn navIna grantha racane kA prayAsa karatA thA to vaha etannimitta lakar3I kI pATI yA kapar3e para zabdoM ko likhA karatA thA aura una zabdoM kI vyutpatti para eka-dUsare se vicAra-vimarza karatA thaa| zabdoM ke upayukta prayogoM ke lie prAcIna kaviyoM ke granthoM se namUne lie jAte the aura bhAvAnukUla racanA kA nirmANa kara saMzodhana-kartAoM se usakA saMzodhana karA liyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra grantha ke saMzodhita rUpa ko patthara-pATI-sleTa athavA lakar3I kI pATI Adi para likhakara use sulipikoM dvArA grantharUpa se likhA liyA jAtA thaa| grantha racanA karate samaya vizeSa sUcanA dene ke lie vidvAn ziSya aura sAdhugaNa sahAyaka rahate the| kitanI vAra vidvAn upAsaka bhI isa prakAra kI sahAyatA karate the| jaina kAvya sAhitya ke nirmANa meM mUla preraNAe~ - (ka) dhArmika bhAvanA pUrva aura uttara madhyakAla kI rAjanItika, dhArmika, sAmAjika aura sAhityika paristhitiyoM tathA lekhana kArya kI suvidhAoM kA prabhAva hamAre Alocya yuga ke jaina kAvya sAhitya para vizeSa rUpa se pdd'aa| isa sAhitya ko dekhane se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki jaina kAvyakAroM kA dRSTikoNa dhArmika thaa| jaina dharma ke AcAra aura vicAroM ko ramaNIya paddhati se evaM rocaka zailI se prastuta kara dhArmika cetanA aura bhaktibhAvanA ko |74

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dvitIya musleiTa : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM, jAgrata karanA unakA mukhya uddezya thaa| jaina kaviyoM ne kAvyoM kI racanA eka ora svAntaH sukhAya hetu kI hai to dUsarI ora komalamati janasamUha taka jainadharma ke upadezoM ko pahu~cAne ke lie kI hai| isake lie unhoMne dharmakathAnuyoga yA prabhamAnuyoga kA sahArA liyA hai| jana sAmAnya ko sugama rIti se dhArmika niyama samajhAne ke lie kathAtmaka sAhitya se bar3hakara adhika prabhAvazAlI sAdhana dUsarA nahI hai| unakI kucha racanAoM ko chor3akara adhikAMza kRtiyA~ vidvadvarga ke lie nahIM apitu sAmAnya koTi ke janasamUha ke lie hai| isa kAraNa se hI unakI bhASA adhika sarala rakhI gayI janatA ko prabhAvita karane ke lie aneka prakAra kI jIvana ghaTanAoM para AdhArita kathAoM aura upakathAoM kI yojanA ina kAvya granthoM kI vizeSatA hai| ina vidvAnoM ne cAhe premAkhyAnaka kAvya racA ho athavA caritAtmaka, sabhI meM dhArmika bhAvanA kA pradarzana avazya kiyA hai| isa dhArmika bhAvanA ko prakaTa karane meM unhoMne jainadharma ke jaTila siddhAntoM aura munidharma sambandhI niyamoM ko utanA adhika vyakta nahIM kiyA hai jitanA ki jJAnadarzana-caritra ke sAmAnya vivecana ke sAtha ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura parigrahasvarUpa sArvajanika vratoM dAna zIla tapa, bhAva, pUjA, svAdhyAya Adi AcaraNIya dharmoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| (kha) vibhinna varga ke anuyAyiyoM kI preraNA tyAgI varga- caityavAsI, vasativAsI yati, bhaTTAraka meM kriyA kANDa 75

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM, viSayaka bhedoM ko lekara naye-naye gaNa-gacchoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| unake nAyakoM ne apane-apane gaNa kI pratiSThA se bhinna-bhinna kSetroM kA vizeSa rUpa se bhramaNa karanA zuru kiyaa| una logoM ne apane ucca cAritrya pAMDitya tathA jyotiSa, taMtra-maMtrAdi se tathA anya camatkAroM se rAjavarga ora dhanika varga ko apanI ora AkarSita karanA prArambha kiyA tathA vibhinna sthaloM para caitya, upAzraya Adi dharmAyatanoM kI sthApanA karane lage aura apane bar3hate hue ziSya samudAya kI preraNA se tathA apane AzrayadAtAoM ke anurodha se vrata, parva, tIrthAdi mahAtmya tathA viziSTa puruSoM ke caritra varNana karane ke lie kathAtmaka granthoM kI racanA kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyaa| isa yuga ke aneka jaina kaviyoM ko yA to rAjAzraya prApta thA yA ve maThAdhIsa the| rASTrakUTa amodhavarSa aura usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jinasena aura guNabhadra ne mahApurANa, uttarapurANa kI, kumAra pAla ke guru hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kI tathA vastupAla ke Azraya para pazcAtkAlIna kaI AcAryoM ne aneka prakAra se kAvya-sAhitya kI sevA kii| anekoM kAvya granthoM meM vibhinna srotoM se prApta preraNAoM kA sAbhAra ullekha bhI milatA (ga) gacchIya spardhA yadyapi tyAgI varga ko rAjya aura dhanika varga kA Azraya prApta thA tathApi unhe dhana kI icchA nahIM thii| unase prApta suvidhA kA upayoga ve 76) 76

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dvitIya pariccheTa.: jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, l apanI gacchIya pratiSThA aura sAhitya-nirmANa meM karate the| kAla kI dRSTi se pAMcavI se dazavIM zatAbdI taka kAvyagranthoM kA nirmANa utanI tIvra gati aura pracura mAtrA meM nahIM huA jitanI ki gyArahavIM se caudahavI zatAbdI tk| dasavI zatAbdI ke pUrva yadi kaI vizAla evaM pratinidhi racanAe~ likhI gaI thI, to dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda tIna sau varSoM meM yaha saMkhyA bar3hakara saikar3oM ke tAdAda taka pahuMca gii| jaina vidvAnoM meM mAnoM usa samaya kathAsAhitya (prAkRta meM kathA aura kAvya eka artha meM prayukta hue hai) kI racanA karane meM paraspara bar3I spardhA ho rahI thii| amuka gacchavAle amuka vidvAn ne amuka nAma kA kathAgraMtha banAyA hai yaha jAnakara yA par3hakara dUsare gaccha vAle vidvAn bhI isa prakAra ke dUsare kathAgrantha banAne meM utsuka hote the| isa rIti se candragaccha, nAgendragaccha, rAjagaccha, caitragaccha, pUrNatallagaccha, vRddhagaccha, dharmaghoSagaccha, harSapurIyagaccha Adi vibhinna gaccha, jo ki ina zatAbdiyoM meM vizeSa prasiddhi pAye the aura prabhAvazAlI bane the| ina pratyeka gaccha ke viziSTa vidvAnoM ne isa prakAra ke kathA granthoM kI racanA karane ke lie sabala prayatna kiye| isa yuga meM eka hI pIr3hI ke vibhinna gacchIya do-do tIna-tIna vidvAnoM ne tirasaTha zalAkA mahApuruSoM ke caritroM tathA vrata maMtra, parva, tIrthamAhAtmya prasaMgoM ko lekara eka hI nAma kI dodo, tIna-tIna racanAe~ likhiiN| lokakathA, nItikathA, parIkathA tathA pazu-pakSI Adi hajAroM kathAoM ko lekara inhoMne vizAlakAya kathAkoSa grantha bhI likhe| 77

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4 dvitIya pariccheTa: jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM (gha) aitihAsika evaM samasAmayika prabhAvaka puruSa yadyapi jaina kavi dhanAdi bhautika kAmanAoM se pare the phira bhI kathAtmaka sAhitya ke atirikta jaina vidvAnoM ne yuga kI pariNati ke anukUla aitihAsika aura arddha-aitihAsika kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| ina kRtiyoM meM prAyaH aise hI rAjavaMza yA prabhAvaka vyakti kI prazaMsA yA itivRtta likhA gayA jinhoMne jainadharma ke vikAsa ke lie apanA tana, mana aura dhana sarvasva samarpita kara diyA thaa| siddharAja jayasiMha, paramArhata kumArapAla, mahAmAtmya vastupAla jhagaDUzAha aura pethaDazAha Adi udAramanA dharmaparAyaNa vyakti the jo kisI bhI deza, samAja, jAti ke lie pratiSThA kI vastu the| jaina sAdhuoM ne unake jaina dharmAnukUla jIvana se prabhAvita hokara unheM apane kAvyoM kA nAyaka banAyA aura unakI prazastiyA~ likhii| AcArya hemacandra ne kumArapAla ke vaMza kI kIrti-gAthA meM 'dvayAzrayakAvya' kA praNayana kiyA, vAlacandrasUri ne vastupAla ke jIvana para 'vasantavikAsa' evaM udayaprathasUri ne dharmAbhyudaya kAvya kI racanA kii| isI taraha prabhAvaka AcAryoM aura puruSoM ke nAma laghu nibandhoM ke rUpa meM prabandha saMgraha, pravandhacintAmaNi, prabhAvakacAti Adi likhane kI preraNA milii| ye kRtiyAM nikaTa atIta yA samasAmayika aitihAsika puruSoM ke jIvana para AdhArita hone se tatkAlIna itihAsa jAnane ke lie bar3I hI upayogI haiN| 78 78

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dvitIya cudira jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM (Ga) dhArmika udAratA, niSpakSatA evaM sahiSNutA sAhitya sevA ke kSetra meM jainAcAryo kI nIti niSpakSa tathA dhArmika udAratA se prerita thii| unhoMne aneka kRtiyA~ ina bhAvanAoM se prerita hokara bhI likhI aura par3hI tathA unakA saMrakSaNa kiyaa| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki amaracandrasUri ne vAyaDanivAsI brAhmaNoM kI prArthanA para 'bAlabhArata' kI tathA nayacandrasUri ne 'hammIramahAkAvya' kI racanA kii| mANikyacandra ne kAvyaprakAza para saMketa TIkA likhI tathA aneka jainetara mahAkAvyoM para jaina vidvAnoM ne prAmANika TIkAe~ likhI tathA aneka jainetara kAvyagranthoM-paMcatantra, vetAlapaMcaviMzatikA, vikramacarita, paMcadaNDachatraprabandha Adi kA praNayana kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM, unakI udAra sAhitya sevA se prabhAvita ho anya dharma aura sampradAya ke loga unase abhilekha sAhitya kA nirmANa karAkara apane sthAnoM meM upayoga karate the| yathA- cittaur3a ke mokalajI-mandira ke lie digambarAcArya rAmakIrti (vi0saM0 1207) se prazasti likhAI gaI thii| isI taraha rAjasthAna kI sundha pahAr3I ke cAmuNDA devI ke mandira ke lie vRhadacchIya jayamaMgalasUri se aura gvAliyara ke kacchavAhoM ke mandira ke lie yazodeva digambara se aura guhilota vaMza ke ghAghasA aura cirvA sthAnoM ke lie ratnaprabhasUri se zilAlekha likhAye gaye the| jainakaviyoM kI samAlocanA mAnava hRdaya meM anAdi kAla se vidyamAna AsurI vAsanA ke samUla '

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dvitIya parirazeTa : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM - 4. 1.mAtra nAza ke lie jaina maharSiyoM ne eka mAtra sAhitya ko sAdhana banAyA hai aura dharma kI sthApanA hetu apane tyAgI jIvana ko lokahita meM samarpita kara diyaa| manoraMjana ko kAvya kA uddezya na mAnane vAle ina jaina maharSiyoM ne apane apUrva pratimA evaM mahAna sarjanAzakti se apane sAhityika vicAra gaMgA ko pravAhita kiyA hai| jainamanISI evaM jainAcArya prArambha meM prAkRta bhASA meM hI grantha praNayana karate the| prAkRta janasAmAnya kI bhASA thI, ataH lokaparaka sudhAravAdI racanAoM kA praNayana AcAryoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM hI Arambha kiyaa| bhAratIya vAGmaya ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye sahayoga kI viTaranitja ne prazaMsA karate hue ullikhita kiyA hai| I was not able to do full justice to the literary Achivement of the jainas but I hope to have shown that the jainas have cenfributed their full share to the riligious ethical and scienetific literature of ancient India bhArata ke samasta dArzaniko ne darzanazAstra ke gUDha aura gahana granthoM kA praNayana saMskRta bhASA meM Arambha kiyaa| jainAcArya bhI isa daur3a meM pIche na raha ske| unhone prAkRta ke samAna saMskRta ko apanAkara adhikAra pUrvaka grantho kA praNayana Arambha kiyaa| DaoN0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne bhI ullekha kiyA hai 'jainoM ko apanA mata aura darzana abhijAta varga para thopane ke sAtha hI brAhmaNa dharma kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie saMskRta ko cunanA

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyoM tathA jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM preraNAeM, mAma pdd'aa|12 kAvya nirmANa kI dRSTi se sAmantabhadra ne sarvaprathama dvitIya zatAbdI meM stutikAvya kA sRjana kiyA aura jainoM ke madhya saMskRta bhASA meM jainakAvya paramparA kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki dvitIya zatAbdI se prArambha hokara aTThArahavIM zatI taka saMskRta bhASA meM jaina kAvya kI paramparA avirAma se calatI rhii| saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa kAla meM jaina kaviyoM ne jitane kAvya-granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai, usase kaI gune adhika kAvyoM kI racanA hrAsonmukha kAla meM kiye gaye hai, yaha unakI parama vizeSatA hai| isa taraha hama dekhate hai ki vANa kI kAdambarI kI zailI para dhanapAla ne 'tilakamaJjarI' aura o'yadeva vAdIbhasiMha ne 'gadyacintAmaNi', 'kirAtArjunIya' aura 'zizupAla' kI zailI para haricandra ne 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya aura muniAbhadrasUri ne 'zAntinAtha carita' aura vastupAla ne 'naranArAyaNAnanda' aura jinapAla upAdhyAna ne sanatkumAra carita, jaise praur3ha kAvyoM kI racanA kii| isI prakAra mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava se preraNA grahaNa kara kavi jayazekhara sUri ne apane mahAkAvya 'jainakumArasambhava' kA praNayana kiyA hai| yaha rItibaddha zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM kI racanA ke pIche kAlidAsa, zAravi, bANa Adi mahAkaviyoM kI samakakSatA prApta karane yA vaisA hI yaza prApta karane yA vidvattA pradarzana kI bhAvanA dRSTigata hotI hai| 81

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dvitIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhavakAra kI jIvana vRtta, kRtiyA~ tathA 24 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ evaM preraNAeM, mAma saMdarbha : 1. jainakumAra sambhava- jayazekhara sUri- prastAvanA, pR0 8 dhammilla kumAra, prazasti-6-11 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, DaoN. satyavrata, pR0 22 jaina kumAra sambhava- jayazekhara sUri- prastAvanA, pR0 9-10 prabodhacintAbiradbhutastathopadeza cintaamnnirrthpeshlH| vyAdhAyi yejenakumArasambhavAbhidhAnataH suucitsudhaasrovrm|| -dhammila kumAra carita prshsti|| vimalasUri kRta paumacariyaM (530 vi0saM0) tathA saMghadAsa, dharmadAsagaNikRta basudeva hindI (chaThI zatAbdI pUrva) DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA alI cauhAna DAinesTI, pR0- 227-228 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga-6, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, banArasa u0pra0 prabhAvaka carita- hemacandrAcArya caritam jainasAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga-6 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, banArasa u0pra0 . jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga kI prastAvanA (mA0di00gra0) mumbaI 1957 / The Jainas in the history of Indian Literature by Dr winter nitz Edited by jainvijaya muni, Ahmadabad 1946, Paze-4 12. saMskRta kavi darzana Amukha, pR0-19 82

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tRtIya adhyAya jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla kathAvastu tathA usa para prabhAva

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jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathAvastu tathA usa para prabhAva mahAkAvya ke kathAstu kA mUla jainakumArasambhava kI racanA sarasvatI kI preraNA se huI hai| isake samarthana meM mahAkavi zrI jayazekhara sUri ke ziSya aura isa kAvya ke TIkAkAra zrI dharmazekhara sUri jI ne apane grantha ke prathama zloka kI TIkA karate hue pramANa svarUpa likhA hai ki zrI jayazekhara sUri jI ko stambha tIrtha (khaMbhAta) meM dhyAnAvasthA (samAdhi) meM baiThA huA dekhakara zrI bhAratI ne kahA- he prabho, nizcinta mata baiThiye, mere kahane se "astyuttarasyAM dizi kozaleti" tathA "sampannakAmAM nayanAbhirAmAm" ina padyoM se apane kAvya kI racanA kiijie| zrI dharmazekhara sUri ne maMgalAcaraNa meM apane guru zrI jayazekhara sUri jI kI stuti karate hue "yasmai kAvyayuga pradAna varadA- zrI zAradAdevatA" isa vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA hai aura isa kAvya ke antima zloka meM 'vINAdattavaraH' isa pada kA ullekha kiyA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki sambhavataH khaMbhA meM kavi zrI kA zrI bhAratI se vArtAlApa huA aura kavi ne isake pariNAma svarUpa isa kAvya kI racanA kii| ataH spaSTa hai ki isa kAvya kI racanA stambhatIrtha (khaMbhAta) meM huii| sarvaprathama brAhmaNa purANoM meM RSabhadeva ke kucha prasaMgoM kI spaSTa pratidhvani sunAI detI hai| RSabhadeva ke apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko abhiSikta

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tRtIya cariccheda : abhAya jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva karake pravrajyA grahaNa karane, pulaDA ke Azrama meM unakI tapazcaryA, bharata ke nAma ke AdhAra para deza ke nAmakaraNa Adi RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kI AvRtti lagabhaga samAna zabdAvalI meM kaI pramukha purANoM meM huI hai| bhAgavatapurANa' meM zrI RSabhadeva kA carita savistAra varNita hai| isa purANa meM (513-6) nAbhi tathA RSabha kA jIvana carita zuddha vaiSNava pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jisake anusAra RSabha kA janma bhagavAna yajJa puruSa ke Agraha kA phala thaa| jisake phalasvarUpa ve svayaM santAnahIna nAbhi ke putra ke rUpa meM avatIrNa hue| AkarSaka zarIra, vipula kIrti aizvarya Adi guNoM ke kAraNa RSabha (zreSTha) nAma se khyAta hue| gArhasthya dharma kA pravartana karane ke lie unhoMne indra kI kanyA jayantI se vivAha kiyA aura zrauta tathA smArta karmoM kA anuSThAna karate hue usase sau putra utpanna hue| mahAyogI bharata unameM zreSTha the| unhIM ke nAma para 'ajanAbhakhaNDa' bhAratavarSa ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| RSabhadeva ke carita kA prAcInatama nirUpaNa jaina sAhitya upAMgasUtrajambUdvIpa prajJapti meM huA hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti kA saMkSipta vivaraNa RSabhadeva carita ke katipaya sUkSma rekhAoM kA Akalana hai| usameM Adi tIrthaMkara ke dhArmika tathA paropakArI sAdhaka svarUpa ko rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna hai| RSabha ke sau putroM meM bharata kI jyeSThatA tathA unake rAjyAbhiSeka kA saMketa

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tRtIya pariccheda : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| zrI RSabhadeva ke jIvana vRtta ke do pramukha srota haiM- jinasena kA AdipurANa (navIM zatAbdI) tathA hemacandra kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (bArahavIM zatAbdI) ina upajIvya granthoM ke phalaka para bhinna-bhinna zailI meM RSabha kA carita aMkita hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM sumaGgalA ke caudaha svapnoM tathA unake phalakathana kA kramazaH eka-eka padya meM sUkSma saMketa hai| zrI jayazekharasUri isa prasaMga kA nirUpaNa lagabhaga do sargoM meM kiyA hai| hemacandra aura jayazekhara ke mukhya vRtta kA yaha eka mahattvapUrNa antara hai| kintu jayazekhara ko isakI preraNA niHsandeha hemacandra dvArA varNita marudevI ke svapnoM tathA phalakathana se milI thii| yadyapi yaha satya pratIta hotA hai ki uparyukta grantha jainakumArasambhava ke AdhAra grantha rahe hai, kintu kAlidAsIya kumArasambhava evaM jaina kumArasambhava ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa se yaha nirvivAda tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki jaina kumArasambhava bhAva, . kathAnaka kI kalpanA, vastu varNana Adi dRSTiyoM se kumArasambhava para pUrNarUpeNa Azrita hai aura kavi jayazekhara sUri mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke atyadhika RNI hai| jainakumArasambhava evaM usase sambandhita anya racanAeM jainakumArasambhava kI kathAvastu (sargAnusAra) jainakumArasambhava gyAraha sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai aura isameM Adi

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tRtIya avikeTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva tIrthaMkara svAmI RSabhadeva tathA unake putra bharata kA janma varNana hI kavi kA abhISTa viSaya hai| kAvya ke Arambha meM ayodhyA nagarI aura usake nivAsiyoM kI sampannatA, dharmaniSThA aura zIlatA kA kavitva pUrNa zailI meM prabhAvapUrNa varNana kiyA gayA hai| kubera ne apanI priya nagarI alakA kI sahacarI ke rUpa meM ayodhyA nagarI kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| ayodhyA ke niveza se pUrva, jaba yaha deza ikSvAku bhUmi ke nAma se prasiddha thA, RSabhadeva rAjA nAbhi ke putra ke rUpa meM avatarita hue the| isI sarga ke zeSAMza meM Adideva RSabha ke zaizava, yauvana, rUpasampadA tathA yazaH prasAra kA manorama citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsare sarga meM indra ne nArada aura tumvarU se avagata hokara ki RSabhadeva avivAhita hai, unheM vaivAhika jIvana meM pravRtta karAne ke lie tatkAla ayodhyA prasthAna karate hai| isI sarga meM indra kI yAtrA' aura aSTApada parvata kA manorama citraNa hai| sarga tIna meM indra bhinna-bhinna yuktiyoM se RSabhadeva ko gArhasthya jIvana dhAraNa karane ke lie prerita karate hai aura unake mauna rahane para indra unakI sagI bahanoM sumaGgalA aura sunandA se unakA vivAha nizcita karate hai| indra devavRnda ko vivAha ke Ayojana kA Adeza dete hai| isI sarga meM vadhuoM kI deviyoM dvArA vivAha pUrva sajjA ke uparAnta RSabhadeva ke vadhU gRha ko prasthAna kA varNana hai| sampUrNa devatA samUha vivAhotsava 86 /

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tRtIya adhiona jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva/ meM bhAga lene AtA hai phalasvarUpa yaha sthAna svarga bhUmi ke atithi rUpa meM suzobhita hotA hai|'2 isI meM airAvata hAthI kA varNana hai| caturtha sarga ke uttarArddha evaM paJcama sarga ke pUrvArddha meM tatkAlIna vaivAhika paramparAoM kA sajIva citraNa hai|13 svAmI jI vivAhoparAnta eka vijayI samrATa kI taraha ghara vApasa hote hai| yahIM para daza padyoM meM unheM dekhane ke lie Atura pura-sundariyoM ke saMbhrama kA atyanta surucipUrNa varNana hai|5 aura isI sarga meM svAmI jI vadhuoM ke zayana gRha meM tatvAnveSI kI bhA~ti praviSTa hote hai|6 sarga ke anta meM sumaGgalA ke garbhadhAraNa kA saMketa isa rUpa meM dRSTigata hotA hai kaumAra keli kalanAbhiramuSyapUrvalakSAH SaDekalavatAM nayataH sukhaabhiH| AdyA priyA garabhameNadRzAmabhISTaM, bhartuH prsaadmvinssvrmaassaad|| saptama sarga meM sumaGgalA ke dvArA dekhe gaye caudaha svapnoM kA varNana hai|8 jisakA phala jAnane ke lie vaha svAmI jI ke vAsa-gRha meM jAtI hai|9 sarga ATha meM RSabhadeva sumaGgalA ke asAmayika Agamana ke sambandha meM nAnA prakAra ke tarka karate haiM aura svapnoM ke viSaya meM antarmana se vicAra karate hai|0

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tRtIya pahiloDa : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva navam sarga meM RSabhadeva dvArA sumaMgalA kA gaurava prazaMsA aura svapna phala kA vistRta varNana hai| isI sarga meM svAmI dvArA 'tumheM caudaha vidyAoM se yukta cakravartI putra kI prApti hogI' kA tathA svapna phaloM ko sunakara sumaGgalA ke Ananda vibhora hone kA varNana hai| dazam sarga meM sumaGgalA svAmI jI kI mahimA kA varNana karatI hai taduparAnta vaha apane vAsagRha meM AtI hai| aura vaha svapna phaloM ke viSaya meM apane sakhiyoM se savistAra varNana karatI hai|3 ekAdaza sarga meM indra sumaGgalA ke bhAgya kI prazaMsA karate hai| tathA use vizvAsa dilAte haiM ki tumhAre pati kA vacana asatya nahIM ho sktaa|25 samayAnusAra tumheM putra-ratna kI prApti hogii| usa bAlaka (bharata) ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma 'bhArata' 'vANI' bhAratI khlaayegii|7 antataH madhyAhna varNana ke sAtha yaha mahAkAvya samApta hotA hai| mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri prApta anya kRtiyoM kI preraNA zrI jayazekhara sUri ne jainakumArasambhava kI racanA meM jina anya kRtiyoM se preraNA prApta kI unakA saMkSipta varNana nimnavat hai kumArasambhava (mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta) mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava se sarvAdhika prabhAvita hai phalasvarUpa unake sarvAdhika RNI hai| donoM mahAkAvyoM ke tulanAtmaka

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tRtIya pariccheTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva adhyayana se yaha tathya bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kathAnaka kI parikalpanA, ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana tathA kAvya rur3hiyoM ke anupAlana meM zrI jayazekhara sUri ne kumArasambhava se preraNA yA dAya grahaNa kI hai| kumArasambhava ke hRdayagrAhI himAlaya varNana kI taraha hI mahAkavi ne jainakumArasambhava kA Arambha ayodhyA ke manorama varNana se kiyA hai| kAlidAsa kI yathArthatA evaM sarasa zailI kA abhAva hote hue bhI jayazekhara ne ayodhyA kA prabhAvapUrNa varNana kiyA hai|8 kumArasambhava aura jainakumArasambhava ke prathama sarga meM kramazaH pArvatI tathA RSabhadeva ke janma se yauvana taka jIvana ke pUrvArddha kA nirUpaNa hai| kumArasambhava meM pArvatI ke saundarya kA yaha varNana sahajatA yathArthatA aura madhuratA ke kAraNa saMskRta kAvyoM meM pratiSThita hai| jayazekhara dvArA RSabhadeva ke yauvana kA varNana, yadyapi usa stara kA nahIM hai phira bhI rucikara hai|29 / / kumArasambhava ke dUsare sarga meM tArakAsura se pIr3ita devatA usa saMkaTa ke nivAraNArtha indra ke netRtva meM brahma . kI stuti karate hai| usI taraha jainakumArasambhava meM indra, RSabhadeva ko vivAdharma prerita karane hetu ayodhyA Ate hai| kumArasambhava ke saptama sarga pArvatI ke vivAha-pUrva kI zRMgAra varNana se jainakumArasambhava meM sumaGgalA ke pUrva kA zrRMgAra varNana pUrNataH prabhAvita hai|

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tRtIya paM. jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva kumArasambhava meM kevala eka padya meM himAlaya ke purohita dvArA pArvatI ko pati ke sAtha dharmAcaraNa kI zikSA dI gayI hai, jabaki jainakumArasambhava meM indra aura zacI dvArA kramazaH vara aura vadhU ko alaga-alaga zikSA dI gayI hai|2 kumArasambhava meM vivAha pazcAt zaMkara jI pArvatI kA hAtha pakar3akara kautukAgAra meM praviSTa karAte hai| usI prakAra jainakumArasambhava meM RSabhadeva vadhuoM kA hAtha pakar3akara maNimaya mahala meM tatvAnveSI kI taraha praviSTa karate hai|33 kumArasambhava ke AThaveM sarga meM kAlidAsa ne ziva-pArvatI ke sambhoga kA unmukta varNana kiyA hai, jo atyanta AkarSaka evaM raMgIlA hai parantu jayazekhara sUri ne sambhavataH rur3higata jainAdarzoM ke kAraNa eka aisA varNana apane hAtha se gavA~ diyA hai, jo atyanta Avazyaka thaa| unake nAyaka RSabhadeva anAsakta bhAva se kAma-krIr3A meM pravRtta hote hai, ve sumaGgalA ko pUrvajanma kA bhoktavya mAnakara unake sAtha zayana karate hai| kumArasambhava meM varNita paura nAriyoM ke sambhrama ke citraNa kA pUrNa prabhAva jainakumArasambhava para par3A hai|5 uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jayazekhara sUri kI yaha kRti kumArasambhava se sarvAdhika prabhAvita hai aura isake lie zrI jayazekhara kAlidAsa ke RNI hai| jainakumArasambhava para purANoM kA prabhAva jainakumArasambhava ke nAyaka svAmI RSabhadeva hai| bharatacarita ke kucha

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tRtIya pUri jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva prasaMgoM kI spaSTa pratidhvani brAhmaNa purANoM meM sunAI detI hai| svAmI dvArA apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko abhiSikta karake pravrajyA grahaNa karane, pulaDA ke Azrama meM unakI tapazcaryA, bharata ke nAma ke AdhAra para deza kA bhAratavarSa nAmakaraNa ityAdi RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kI AvRtti lagabhaga samAna zabdAvalI meM kaI purANoM meM huI hai|26 zrImadbhAgavat ke anusAra RSabhadeva kA janma bhagavAna yajJa puruSa ke anugraha kA phala thA, phalasvarUpa ve svayaM santAnahIna nAbhi ke putra ke rUpa meM avatarita hue| AkarSaka zarIra, vipulakIrti, aizvarya Adi guNoM ke kAraNa RSabha (zreSTha) nAma se vikhyAta hue| gArhasthya dharma kA pravartana karane ke lie unhoMne svargAdhipati indra kI kanyA jayantI se vivAha kiyA aura zrota tathA smArta karmoM kA anuSThAna karate hue usase sau putra utpanna hue| jisameM mahAyogI bharata jyeSTha the unhIM ke nAma para 'ajanAbha-khaNDa' bhAratavarSa ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta ke do mukhya srota haiM- "jinasena ' kA AdipurANa (navIM zatAbdI) tathA hemacandra kA triSaSThizalAkA puruSa (bArahavIM shtii)| Adi purANa kA prabhAva jinasena ke AdipurANa se bhI jainakumArasambhava prabhAvita hai| jinasena dvArA cAra vizAla parvo (12-15) meM jinendra ke sampUrNa carita kA manoyoga pUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANa kA yaha prakaraNa vidvatA

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tRtIya pahiraneTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva - pradarzana tathA kAvyAtmaka guNoM ke Agraha ke kAraNa ucca vinduoM kA sparza karatA hai| Ane para yazasvI rAnI ke AcArya jinasena ne bharata ke garbha meM pAMca mahAsvapnoM kA varNana kiyA hai "athAnyadA mahAdevI saudhe suptA yshsvti| svapne'pazyan mahIM grastAM merUM sUrya ca soddupm|| saraH sahasamabdhiM ca cldviicikmaiksst| svapnAnte ca vyavuddhAsau paThan maagdhniHsvnaiH||"39 athAntara kisI samaya yazasvatI mahAdevI rAjamahala meM so rahI thiiN| sote samaya usane svapna meM grasI huI pRthivI, sumerU parvata, candramAsahita sUrya, haMsasahita sarovara tathA caJcala laharoM vAlA samudra dekhA, svapna dekhane ke bAda maMgala pATha par3hate hue bandIjanoM ke zabda sunakara vaha jAga pdd'ii| usa samaya vandIjana isa prakAra maMgala pATha kara rahe the "tvaM vivudhyasva kalyANi klyaannshtbhaaginii| pravodhasamayo'yaM te sahAbjinyA dhRtshriyH|| mude tavAmva bhUyAsurime svapnAH shubhaavhaaH| mhiimeruddhiindvrksrovrpurssraa||" arthAt he dUsaroM kA kalyANa karane vAlI aura svayaM saikar3oM kalyANoM ko prApta hone vAlI devI, aba tU jAga kyoMki tU kamalinI ke

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tRtIya pati Ta : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva/ samAna zobhA dhAraNa karane vAlI hai- isalie yaha terA jAgane kA samaya hai| tAtparyataH jisa prakAra yaha samaya kamalinI ke jAgRta-vikasita hone kA hai, usI prakAra tumhAre jAgRta hone kA bhI hai| he mAtaH pRthivI, meru, samudra, sUrya, candramA aura sarovara Adi jo aneka maMgala karane vAle zubha svapna dekhe hai ve tumhAre Ananda ke lie hoN| ityAdi vibhinna prakAra se vandIjanoM dvArA tIvra svaroM se maMgala pATha kiye jAne se vaha yazasvatI mahAdevI jagAne vAle dundubhiyoM ke zabdoM se dhIre-dhIre nidrArahita huI aura zayyA chor3akara prAtaH kAla kA maMgala snAna kara prIti se romAMcita zarIra ho apane dekhe hue svapnoM kA yathArtha phala pUchane ke lie bhagavAn vRSabhadeva ke samIpa pahu~cakara nivedana kiyaa| tadantara divya netroM vAle bhagavAna vRSabhadeva ne una svapnoM kA phala isa prakAra kahA "tvaM devi putramAptAsi giriindraackrvrttinm| tasya pratApitAmarkaH zAstInduH kAnti sNpdm|| sarojAkSi sarodRSTerasau pngkjvaasiniim| voDhA vyUDhorasA pussylkssnnaangkitvigrhH|| mahIgrasanataH kRSsnAM mahIM sAgara vaassm| pratipAlayitA devi vizvarAT tava putrkH|| sAgarAccaramAGgo'sau taritA jnmsaagrm|

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tRtIya pariccheda : amAna jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva jyAyAn putrshtsyaaymikssvaakukulnndnH||" arthAt he devi, svapnoM meM jo tUne sumeru parvata dekhA hai usase mAlUma hotA hai ki tere cakravartI putra hogaa| sUrya usake pratApa ko aura candramA usakI kAnti rUpI sampadA ko sUcita kara rahA hai| he kamalanayane, sarovara ke dekhane se terA putra aneka pavitra lakSaNoM se cihnita zarIra hokara apane vistRta vakSaHsthala para kamalavAsinI-lakSmI ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hogaa| he devi, pRthivI kA asA jAnA dekhane se mAlUma hotA hai ki tumhArA vaha putra cakravartI hokara samudrarUpI vastra ko dhAraNa karane vAlI samasta pRthivI kA pAlana karegA aura samudra dekhane se prakaTa hotA hai ki vaha caramazarIrI hokara saMsAra rUpI samudra ko pAra karane vAlA hogaa| isake sivAya ikSvAku-vaMza ko Ananda dene vAlA vaha putra tere sau putroM meM sabase jyeSTha putra hogaa| isa prakAra pati ke vacana sunakara usa samaya vaha devi harSa ke udaya se aisI vRddhi ko prApta huI thI jaise ki candramA kA udaya hone para samudra kI velA vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai jainakumArasambhava meM caudaha svapnoM tathA svapnoM ke mahAphaloM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki svapna phala vivecana ke lie jayazekhara ne Adi purANa se preraNA grahaNa kI hai| yadyapi kavi jayazekharasUrijI kA kAlidAsa kRta kumAra sambhava kI bhAMti jainakumAra sambhava kA uddezya kumAra (bharata) ke janma kA varNana

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/ paricchedra : maramAna jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva karanA hai kintu jisa prakAra kumAra sambhava ke prAmANika aMza (prathama ATha sarga) meM kArtikeya kA janma varNita nahIM hai vese hI jaina kavi ke mahAkAvya meM bhI bharata kumAra ko janma kA ullekha kahI nahIM huA hai| kintu AdipurANa ke paJcadarza parva ke 140veM zloka meM putra (bharata) ke janma kA varNana haiM navamAseSvatIteSu tadA sA suSave sutm| prAcIvAkaM sphurattejaH pariveSaM mhodym|| aura bhagavAna vRSabhadeva ke janma samaya meM jo zubha dina, zubha lagna zubha yoga, zubha candramA aura zubha nakSatra Adi par3e the ve hI zubha dina Adi usa samaya bhI par3e the arthAt usa samaya, caitra kRSNa navamI kA dina, mIna lagna brahmayoga, dhanu rAzi kA candramA aura uttarASAr3hA nakSatra thaa| usI dina mahAdevI ne samrATa ke zubha lakSaNoM se zobhAyamAna jyeSTha putra utpanna kiyA thaa| vaha putra apanI donoM bhujAoM se pRthivI kA AliMgana kara utpanna huA thA isalie nimittajJAniyoM ne kahA thA ki vaha samasta pRthivI kA adhipati arthAt cakravartI hogaa| isa prakAra usa putra kA nAma bharata rakhA gyaa| pramodabharataH prema nirbharA vandhutA tadA tamAhRd bharataM bhAvi smstbhrtaadhipm|| tathA itihAsa ke jAnane vAloM kA kahanA hai ki jahA~ aneka Arya

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tRtIya riyo / jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva puruSa rahate haiM aisA yaha himavat parvata se lekara samudra paryanta kA cakravartiyoM kA kSetra usI 'bharata' putra ke nAma ke kAraNa bhArata varSa ke nAma se prasiddha hai| "tannAmnA bhArataM varSamiti haasiijjnaaspdm| himAdre rAsamudrAcca kSetraM ckrbhRtaamidm||3" isa prakAra Adi purANa meM 'bharata' ke janma tathA bar3A hokara usake cakravartI hone kA varNana hai| kintu jainakumAra sambhava meM kumAra janmAdi kA varNana nahIM hai| triSaSThizalAkA puruSa kA prabhAva AcArya hemacandra viracita triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita se bhI jainakumArasambhava pUrNataH prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita meM RSabhacarita kA anupAta se hIna, kintu sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai, hemacandra ne, jisa prakAra RSabhadeva carita kA pratipAdana kiyA hai", usameM jina janma ke prastAvanA svarUpa marudevI ke svapna darzana-sahita RSabhadeva ke pUvArddha meM Adi parva ke dvitIya sarga ke lagabhaga pAMca sau zlokoM kA nigaraNa kara liyA hai| jayazekhara ne kathAnaka ke pallavana tathA prastutIkaraNa meM katipaya apavAdoM ko chor3akara bahudhA triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita kA anugamana kiyA hai| donoM meM itanA Azcaryajanaka sAmya hai ki jaina kumAra sambhava triSaSThizalAkA ke Adi parva ko sAmane rakhakara likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai| vastuta: jayazekhara ne kathAnaka

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tRtIya parikaleTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva - kA sthUla svarUpa hI triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita se grahaNa kiyA hai| pratyuta vibhinna prasaMgoM meM usake asaMkhya bhAvoM tathA varNanoM ko AtmasAta karake kAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa use praur3ha zailI tathA pariSkRta bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai| hemacandra tathA jayazekhara ke mukhya vRtta meM kevala eka mahattvapUrNa antara hai| triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita meM sumaGgalA ke caudaha svapnoM tathA usake phalakathana kA kramazaH eka-eka padya meM sUkSma saMketa hai| jayazekhara ne isa prasaMga kA nirUpaNa do sargoM meM kiyA hai| jaina sAhitya meM RSabhadeva carita kA prAcInatama nirUpaNa upAMgasUtra jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM huA hai| jambUdvIpa prajJapti kA saMkSipta vivaraNa RSabhadeva carita kI katipaya sUkSma rekhAoM kA Akalana hai| usameM Adi tIrthaMkara ke dhArmika tathA paropakArI sAdhana svarUpa ko rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna hai| RSabha ke sau putroM meM bharata kI jyeSThatA tathA unake rAjyAbhiSeka kA saMketa jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki yadyapi jainakumArasambhava anyAnya aneka kRtiyoM se prabhAvita hai, tathApi kathAvastu netA, rasa, chanda, alaMkAra ityAdi kI dRSTi se kumArasambhava se hI pUrNataH prabhAvita hai|

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tRtIya mahilAle jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva saMdarbha : tasya 'ha' vA itthaM varmaNA ...... ...caujasA valenazriyA yazasA ....... RSI: itIdaM naamckaar| bhAgavatapurANa-5.2.4 yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH zreSThaguNa: AsIdhe nedaMvarSa bhAratamIti vypdishnti| vahI, 5.4.9 padmarAyA padajiNa kevalI padamatitthakare padamadhammavara cakavaTI samuppAijjitthA 1, jambUdvIpa prazasti sUtra 35 jaina kumAra sambhava- 1/16-17 vahI, 1/18-77 vahI, 2/3 vahI, 2/6 vahI, 2/30,46 vahI, 3/35 vahI, 3/38 3/40-41 4/31 5/36 5/37-46 6/40-45 16. 6/23

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tRtIya pariccheTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva 6/74 jaina kumAra sambhava-7/24-51 vahI, 7/70 vahI, 7/49-59 vahI, 9/2-27 vahI, 10/2-23 vahI, 10/30-84 vahI, 11/22 vahI, 11/31/32 ___ vahI, 11/33 vahI, 11/43 kumAra saMbhava- 1.1-16, 1, jaina kumAra saMbhava- 1.1-16 kumAra saMbhava- 1.20-49, jai0 ku0 saM0- 1.17-60 vahI, 2.3.15, jai0 ku0 saM0- 1.2.49-73 vahI, 3.1.13, jai0 ku0 saM0- 2.3.1-36 vahI, 7.7.24, vahI, 3.3.60-81, 4.14-32 vahI, 7.95, 1. vahI, (1) 6.23 34. vahI, sarga 8, 2. vahI, 6.26 35. vahI, 7-56-52, 3. vahI, 3.5.37-45

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tRtIya pariccheda: adhyAya jainakumArasambhava kI kathA kA mUla, kathA vastu tathA usa para prabhAva 36. mArkaNDeya pu0- 50, 39-41, kUrmapurANa- 41/37-38, vAyu pu0 (pUrvAddha) 33.50-52, agni pu0- 10.10.11, brAhmaNa pu0- 14.49-61, liMga pu0- 47.19-24 37. tasya ha vA itthaM varmaNA ......... caujasA balena zriyA yazasA......RSabha itIdaM nAma ckaar| bhAgavata puna 38. yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH zreSTha guNa AsIdenadaM varSa bhAratamiti vyapadizanti AdipurANa vahI, zloka- 100-101 vahI, zloka- 102-103 AdipurANa- paJcadaza parva zloka- 123, 124, 125, 126 42. vahI, 5/158 vahI, 5/159 jai0ku0saM0- 9-34-74 hemacandra-triSaSTizalAkA puruSa-1-2-886-887 jaina kumAra saMbhava- sarga-7-9 vahI, 7-9 48. padmarAyA padamAjiga padamakevalI padamatItthakare padamathammavara cakavaTI samuppAjjitvA- jambadvIpa prajJapti sUtra- 35

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caturtha adhyAya pAtroM kA vivecana

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nAyaka kisI mahAkAvya kA nAyaka vaha mUla vyaktitva hotA hai jisake cAroM ora sampUrNa kathA cakkara lagAtI rahatI hai aura phalAgama kI prApti hetu satata prayatnazIla rahatI hai| vastutaH nAyaka ke abhAva meM mahAkAvya kI parikalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| aneka alaGkArikoM ne apane-apane mahAkAvya svarUpa nirdhAraNa ne nAyaka ke abhyunnati ko mahAkAvya ko pramukha tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne 'sAhityadarpaNa' aura AcArya daNDI ne 'kAvyAdarza' meM isa sandarbha kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| jisameM sAhityadarpaNa ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAttAdi guNoM se yukta sadvaMza kSatriya yA deva hotA hai / saMskRta ke prApaNArthaka arthAt (nI + Nvula) nI dhAtu meM Nvula pratyaya ke yoga se nAyaka zabda aura Nic pratyaya jor3ane se netA zabda kI vyutpatti hotI hai| nAyaka kauna hai? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM AcArya vizvanAtha kahate haiM?-- nAyaka vaha hai jo tyAgI, mahAna kAryoM kA kartA buddhi vaibhava se sampanna rUpa yauvana aura utsAha se paripUrNa nirantara udyamazIla, janatA kA sneha bhAjana aura tejasvarUpa tathA suzIlavAna ho / yahI bAta dazarUpaka meM bhI kahA gayA hai

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caturtha pariccheda : pAtroM kA vivecana netA vinIto medhurastyAgI dakSaH priyaMvadaH raktalokaH zucirvAgbhI ruDhavaMzaH sthiro yuvaa| buddhayutsAhasmRti prajJA kalAmAna samanvitaH zUro dRDhazca tejasvI zAstra cakSuzca dhaarmikH|| jayazekhasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNoM se yukta hai| jaisA ki kavi ne apane mahAkAvya meM nAyaka ke guNoM ke viSaya meM saGketa kiyA hai ki usameM anivArya rUpa meM dAtA kulIna, madhurabhASI tejasvI, vaibhavazAlI yogI tathA mokSakAmI Adi guNoM se yukta honA caahie| kAvya nAyaka kA yaha svarUpa kAvyazAstra ke nAyaka svarUpa vidhAna se adhika bhinna nahIM hai sAhitya darpaNa meM bhI dhIrodAtta nAyaka kA guNa isa prakAra varNita hai avikatthanaH kSamAvAnAtigambhIro mhaasttvN| stheyAnnigUDhamAno dhIrodAtto dRDhavrataH kthitH||' arthAt dhIrodAtta nAyaka AtmazlAdhA kI bhAvanAoM se rahita kSamAvAna atigaMbhIra, duHkha-sukha meM prakRtistha, svabhAvataH sthira aura svAbhimAnI kintu vinIta hotA hai| jaisA ki jainakavi ne nAyaka ke guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai jisameM antima do guNa yogI aura mokSakAmI nivRttavAdI vicAradhArA se prerita hai, yahI inakI sAhityadarpaNakAra se bhinnatA bhI hai| yathA jainakumArasambhava meM svAmI RSabhadeva garbhAvasthA meM hI RjJAna se yukta hai

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caturtha: pAtro kA vivecana, yo garbhago'pi vyamucanna divyaM jJAnatrayaM kevala saMvidicchuH / vizeSalAbhaM spRhayannamUlaM svaM saMkaTepyujjhati dhIravuddhiH / / madhyenizaM nirbhara duHkha pUrNA ste nArakA apyadadhuH sukhAyam // yatrodite zastamahonirastatamastatau tigmarucIva kokAH / / nivezya yaM mUrdhani mandarasyA calezituH svarNaruciM surendrAH // prApte'bhaSekAvasare kirITa mivAnuvanmAnavaratnarUpam / / garbhAvasthA meM hI ve vijJAna se sampanna tathA kaivalya ke abhilASI the| unake janma se jagatItala ke kleza isa prakAra vilIna ho gaye jaisesUryodaya se cakavoM kA zoka tatkAla samApta ho jAtA hai| unakI zaizavakAlIna nivRtti se kAma ko apane astroM kI amoghatA para sandeha ho gyaa| mAdaka yauvana ko dhAraNa karate hue bhI unhoMne apane mana ko aise vaza meM kara liyA jaise- kuzala azvArohI ucchRMkhala ghor3e ko niyantrita karatA hai 103

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caturtha atiracheda : pAtroM kA vivecana purA parArohaparA bhavasyA,vazyAH kazAkaSTamadRSTavantaH babandhire'nena valAt-kuraMgA ivollalasantaH zizunA turnggaaH|| bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA yathArtha nirUpaNa karanA vRhaspati ke lie bhI sambhava nahIM thA "rupasiddhimapi varNayitu te lakSaNakAra na vAkpatirIzaH" (2) svAmI jI mRdubhASI the| unakI vANI ke mAdhurya ke sammukha amRta nIrasa pratIta hotA thaa| brahmA ne candramA kA samUcA sAra (amRta) unakI vANI meM samAhita kara diyA thA vaidhavaM nanu vidhi..... sAramatra sakalaM bhvdgiri| pUNimopacitadehamanyathA, taM kathaM vyathayati kSamA myH|| (3) svAmI jI pratibhAvAna tathA dAnI the| unake avirAma audArya ke kAraNa kalpavRkSa kI dAna vRtti arthahIna ho gayI thii| ve anupama yazasvI the| unakI kIrti kA pAna karake devagaNa amRta ke mAdhurya ko bhUla jAte the

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caturtha salinacheda : pAtroM kA vivecana svargAyanaiH svargipateH sabhAyA,mAviSkRte kIrtyamRte tdiiye| tatpAnatastRSyati nAkiloke, sudhA gRhItAramRte mudhaabhuut|| merau namerUdbhutale tadIyaM, yazo hyaasyairuupvopymaanm| zrautuM vizAlA'pi suraiH samaitaiH, * saMkIrNatAM nandanabhUralambhiH / svAmI RSabhadeva jI lakSmI jI ko apane vaza meM kara liyA thaa| padmAni jitvA vihitA'sya tRgbhyAM, sadA svadAsI nanu pdmvaasaa| kimanyathA sAvasathAni yAti, tatpreritA premjussaamkhedm|| (4) kAma deva ke amodha vANa svAmI jI para niSphala ho gaye the dRSTvA jagatprANahRto'pi sarvaMsahe svahetIstvayi nAtha modyaaH| anaMgatAM kAmabhaTo'sya mukhyaH, sakhA viSAdAnuguNAM ddhaati||10 105

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caturtha parida : pAtro kA vivecana bhagavAn RSabhadeva lokottara jJAnavAna nAyaka hai ve trilokoM ke rakSaka, trikAla ke jJAtA aura trijJAna ke dhAraka hai pAtustrilokaM viduSastrikAlaM, trijJAnatejo dadhataH shotthm| svAbhinnate'vaimi kimapyalakSyaM, praznastvayaM snehltaikhetuH||11 mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri dvArA RSabhadeva ke samasta guNoM kA samAhAra isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai vayasyanaMgasya vayasyabhUte bhUteza rupe'nupmsvruupe| padIMdirAyAM kRtamandirAyAM, ko nAma kAme vimnaastvdnyH||12 sa eva devaH sa guruH sa tIrthaM, sa maGgalaM saiSa sakhA sa taatH| sa prANitaM sa prabhurityupAsA,mAse jnaistdgtsrvkRtyaiH||3 anyayA RSabhadeva sadaguNa-grAmagAnaparayA ryaagtaa| labhyate sma laghu tAmupAsiMtu, kima na kinnrvdhuusvshissytaam||14 1. kulIna, 2. zIlavata, 3. vayastha, 4. zocavanta, 5. saMtatavyaya, 6. prAptivanta, 7. surAga, 8. sAvayanvat, 9. priyavada, 10. kIrtivanta, 11. tyAgI, 12. vivekI, 13. zRGgAravanta, 14. abhimAnI, 15. zlAghyavanta,

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caturtha pazida : pAtroM kA vivecana 16. samujjavalaveSa, 17. sakalakalAkuzala, 18. satyavanta, 19. priya, 20. avadAna, 21. sugandhapriya, 22. suvRttamantra, 23. kozasaha, 24. pRdagdha-pathya, 25. paNDita 26. uttamasatva, 27. dhArmitva, 28. mahotsAhI, 29. guNAgrahI, 30. supAtragrAhI, 31. kSamI tathA 33. paribhAvukazaceti laukika ityAdi prakAra se varNana kiyA hai| nAyikA (kha) sumaMgalA-sunandA jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kI nAyikA ke rUpa meM sumaMgalA evaM sunandA kA varNana tRtIya sarga se lekara ekAdaza sA~ta taka hai| tRtIya sarga ke chavvIsave zloka meM indra kRta prabhu prazaMsA ke varNana prasaMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki sumaMgalA kA janma prabhu ke sAtha hogA aura prabhu use patnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kreNge| tvayaiva yA'bhUtsahabhUribhUmi- stmovilaasyesumNgleti'| rAkeva sA kevalabhAsvarasya, kalAbhRtaste bhjtaaNpriyaatvm||15 sunandA ke abhivRddhi hone ke viSaya meM kahate haiM "avIvRdhadyAM dadhadaMkamadhye, nAbhiH sanAbhirjaladhermahimnA priyA sunandApi tavAstu sA shrii-hrerivaarissttnissuudnsy|" punaH indra kahate hai ki he nAtha! maiM jAnatA hU~ ki isa sumaMgalA 107

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caturtha madirada : pAtro kA vivecana/ aura sunandA ke pariNaya ke avasara para svarga ke vimAna se Aye hue dvArapAla dvArA usakI rakSA kI jaayegii| jisapara devatA bhI hoge| kanye ime tvayyupayacchamAne, jAne vimaanaistridivessubhaavym| bhUpITha saMkrAnta sakAntadevai-rekaikadauvArika rkssnniiyaiH||17 ___ tatpazcAt indra dvArA svAmI RSabhadeva ke vivAha ke prastAva rakhane para mauna rUpa se svAmI jI dvArA svIkAra kara lene para zAdI kI taiyArI zuru ho jAtI hai aura tIsare sarga meM devAMganAoM dvArA sumaMgalA ke zarIra zRGgAra kA varNana hai| jisameM indrANI aura unakI catura sakhiyoM dvArA sugandhita tailalepana, vastrAbhUSaNa Adi ke dvArA saMjAyA jAtA hai| mahAkavi jamazekharasUri dvArA sumaMgalA -sunandA ke varNana prasaGga meM unake guNoM kA spaSTa saGketa kiyA gayA hai| unakA zarIra atyanta sundara hai tathA pavitra bhAvanAoM vAlI, uttama gotra vAlI, megha ke tulya keza samUha vAlI tathA kamala ke samAna mukhoM vAlI haiN| unake kuca yugala para kAmadeva ko krIr3A karatA huA vatAyA gayA hai| zveta, nirmala evaM manohara vastra ko dhAraNa karane para ve sphaTika ke miyAna meM sunaharI talavAra lie hue kAmadeva va rati ke tulya dRSTigata hotI haiN| "tnustdiiyaa......mnobhvsy"| 3/68 sAhityadarpaNa meM varNita nAyikA bheda vizleSaNa ke anusAra ise mugdhA

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caturtha samiTa : pAtro kA vivecana nAyikA ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai| cauthe sarga meM devAMganAoM dvArA vivAha kAryakrama sambandhita paraspara vArtA ke uparAnta tathaiva kriyAnvita hotA huA laukika vidhi-vidhAna se vivAha sampanna hotA hai aura pA~cave sarga ke prArambha meM kanyA kA hAtha vara (RSabhadeva) ke hA~tha meM pradAna kara diyA jAtA hai| vajriNA drutamayoji karAbhyaM, kanyayorathakaraH krunnaabdheH| tasya hRtkalayituM sakalAGgA-liMgane'pi kilkautukinev||14 kanyA-vivAha avasara para aneka devatAoM dvArA kanyA ko dAna diyA jAtA hai yathA indrANI dvArA svarNa kalaza adbhuta vastrAdi ko pradAna kiyA jAtA hai "eNadRgdvamudasya madhonI, vAsavazca....kAMcana kuNbhaam|19 vaha sumaMgalA pativrata ko dhAraNa karane vAlI, mokSakAmI laukika kAma pravRtti se vimukha evaM alaukika kAma pravRtti vAlI, hai jisake sAtha ke upArjita bhagavAna RSabhadeva pUrvajanma, bhogasvarUpa anAsakta bhAva se bhoga kriyA meM saMlagna hue "bhogAIkarmadhruvavedyamanya-janmArjitaM svaM sa vibhurvivudhy| muktyekakAmoM'pyucitopacArai-rabhuGkta tAbhyAM vissyaansktH"||20 vibhinna prakAra rati-vilAsa karane ke uparAnta sumaMgalA garbhadhAraNa karatI 109

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caturtha sahida : pAtro kA vivecana) "kaumArakelikalanAbhiramuSya pUrva-lakSAH SaDekalavatAM nayataH sukhaabhiH| AdyA priyA garabhameNadRzAmabhISTaM, bhartuH prasAdamavinazvara maassaad"||29 apane sphaThika bhavana meM nivAsa karatI huI sumaMgalA eka dina nidrAvasthA meM caudaha prakAra ke svapnoM kA darzana karatI hai| jo kramazaH isa prakAra hai- yamarAja ke samAna hA~thI, kailAsa ke samAna sIMga vAlA vRSabha, siMha, lakSmI, atulanIya puSpamAlA, cAMdanI se yukta mukha meM praveza karatA huA candramA, hRdaya rupI kamala ko vikasita karatA huA sUrya, dhvaja, kumbha, padma-sarovara, sAgara, AkAza meM sthita devavimAna, durlabha ratna rAzi, kAntiyukta agni ye caudaha svapna dekhe gye| jo isa prakAra varNita haiM danta daMDa se suzobhita uThe hue zuNDA daNDa ke kAraNa unnata atyadhika bhAra ke kAraNa pRthvI ke bhaMga ho jAne ke bhaya se yukta aisa manda gamana karane vAle gaNDazaila se spardhA karane vAle kapUra ke samAna zveta kumbhasthala ko dhAraNa karane vAle, mada kI gandha se AkarSita bhramaroM vAle zreSTha gajarAja ko usa sumaMgalA ne dekhA usa zaubhAgyazAlinI sumaMgalA ne garjanA karate hue valazAlI pavitrapUNya ko mAnoM prApta karate hue cAroM caraNoM kI cArUtA vAle nadI ko rokane kI sAmarthya vAle, taTa para miTTI utkhAt kI lIlA vAle kailAza ke samAna mAnoM zRMga vAle kUvar3a se yukta usa vRSabha ko

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caturtha parimoda : pAtro kA vivecana dekhaa|23 3. jisake saghanatA se pU~cha ke dvArA prahAra kiye jAne ke phalasvarUpa pRthvItala ko prakampita karane vAlA, vizAla guphA ke andara siMhanAda ke kAraNa bhayaMkara zabda utpanna karane vAlA tatkAla vidIrNa hue hA~thI ke kumbhasthale se TUTatI huI usa mRgAsI sumaMgala ne svapna meM siMha ko dekhaa|24 7/28, 29 akSaya dravya samUha ke kAraNa paripuSTa peTa vAlI aura zIlAdi guNoM ko dhAraNa karatI huI, apane zarIra kI kiraNoM ke dvArA svarNa AbhUSaNa ko vinaSTa karatI huI (tiraskRta karatI huI) netra, mukha, hA~tha, paira Adi Azraya bhUta samajhakara usa sumaMgalA kA lakSmI ne Azraya liyaa| usake kinAre ke bhAga ke dvArA usa sumaMgalA ko lakSmI aisA samajhakara usakA Azraya liyaa|24 5. sugandha ke lobha se bhramaroM ke dvArA AveSThita aise strI ke bhujA meM pAza ke samAna lipta ataeva puNyazAlI evaM kaNTha meM pahanane yogya, pArijAta ke sugandha se yukta vizva kA abhISTa anupama puSpa nirmita mAlA ko sumaMgalA ne pratyakSa rUpa se dekhaa|6 jo devatAoM ke samAna cakora kI prIti arthAt amRta ke samAna prIti pradAna karane vAle, rohiNI ke samAna rAtri ke dvArA pati ke rUpa meM prApta kiye gaye kAmuka ke samAna kamalinI ke dvArA jisake 6.

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caturtha pariyaTa : pAtro kA vivecana jyotsanA rUpa sAra kA upabhoga kiyA gayA aise amRta ke samAna kiraNoM vAle candramA ko mukha meM praveza karate hue usa sumaMgalA ne dekhaa|27 jo loka ke samasta aMdhakAra ko dUra karane vAle haiM aura aMdhakAra ko guphAoM ke gahavara meM phekate hue, kamala ke vanoM ke saMkoca ko tyAga karAte hue yA khilAte hue ghUka ke samAna dRSTi pradAna karate hue tArakAvalI se lie gaye prakAza ko dizAoM meM sthApita karate hue, kamala kI kAnti curA lene vAle aise sUrya ko sumaMgalA ne svapna meM smaraNa kiyaa|28 jisane akhaNDa rUpa se daNDa ke dvArA bA~dhe jAne para bhI apanI svAbhAvika caMcalatA ko nahI chor3A, kSudra ghaMTikAoM dvArA kvaNana zabda kI ghoSar3A ke samAna mAnoM zabda karate hue, raja ke bhaya ke kAraNa mAnoM AkAza meM apanA sthAna banAne vAle patAkAoM ne sumaMgalA kI prIti rUpa nartakI ko nacAne ke nimitta raMgamaMca ke AcArya yA raMgAcArya kA AcaraNa kiyaa|29 mukha para dhAraNa kiye gaye kamala meM sthita bhavaroM ke zabda ke vahAne mAnoM prIti ko utpanna karate hue strI samUha ke dvArA mastaka bhAga meM dhAraNa karane ke viSaya meM saMsAra ke loga jisake sAkSI haiM samRddhi ke apahAraka arthAt (kumbha dvaya ko) hRdaya meM dhAraNa karate ho, aise kumbha

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caturtha ahida : pAtroM kA vivecana ko usa sumaMgalA ne (svapna meM) dekhaa|30 kamala ke sugandha se yukta pakSa meM- lakSmI jisameM prasanna hotI thI, aneka pakSiyoM ke dvArA zabdAyamAna pakSa meM- aneka kaviyoM ke dvArA kahe gaye gIta Adi dvArA vistArita kIrti vAle vRttAkAra (vRkSoM ke) paMktivAlA, upabhoga yogya vRkSoM ke Azraya vAlA, pakSa meM- sundara varNa vAle camakate hue taraGga samUha ke dvArA vizva kA upakAra karane vAle aise vyavahAra gRha ke samAna sarovara ko usa sumaMgalA ne dekhaa| vAyu ke dvArA uThAye gaye bar3I-bar3I taraGgoM ke dvArA jahA~ parvata nIce kara diye gaye the pRSTha bhAga ko Upara uThAne ke kAraNa jahA~ pATIna nAmaka vizeSa prakAra ke machaliyoM ke dvArA dvIpa kA bhrama utpanna kara diyA gayA thA kahIM-kahIM tripti meghoM ke dvArA pAnI piyA jA rahA thA aise samudra ko usa mRgAkSI sumaMgalA ne dekhakara viSmaya ko prApta huii|32 mAnoM usameM se sUrya vimba prakaTa ho rahA ho tathA vaha teja kA janma sthAna aura ratnAcala ke samAna calanazIla ho mAnoM usake bhAra se svarga cyuta ho rahA ho, devatAoM kI striyA~ jisameM khela karatI huI ratnoM kI bhitti jisake prakAza maya kiraNoM se aMdhakAra dUra pheMka diyA jAtA ho tathA AkAza meM lagna yA nakSatra kI taraha zuzobhita hone vaale| aise vimAna ko usa sumaMgalA ne (svapna meM) apanI netroM kA atithi banAyA yA darzana kiyaa|33 113

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caturya mAnida : pAtro kA vivecana isI prakAra sumaMgalA svapna meM vibhinna lakSaNoM se yukta ratna rAzi aura kAnti yukta agni ko bhI dekhaa| uparyukta svapnoM ko dekhakara vaha atyanta bhayabhIta ho gayI aura vaha usI samaya asamaya meM hI pati (RSabhadeva) ke maNimaya nivAsa gRha meM jAtI hai| sumaMgalA ko asamaya Ate hue dekhakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva bar3e soca-vicAra meM par3a jAte haiM aura sumaMgalA ke viSaya meM nAnA prakAra kI kalpanAeM karane lagate hai| parantu sumaMgalA dvArA svapnoM kA yathAvat varNana karane para bhagavAna RSabhadeva svapna vicAra karate hai tathA usakI mahattA kA varNana karate haiM ki he vicakSaNa sumaMgalA uttama phala dene meM samartha yaha svapna hamAre hRdaya ko harSa se ullasita kara diyA hai|35 isa prakAra usakI mahimA kA varNana karate hai| isake pazcAt naveM sarga meM una caudaha svapnoM meM pratyeka kA phala nirdeza karate hai- pRthvI para cAra pairoM vAle vRSabha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita tumhArA putra sahastra vodhI subhaTa arthAt yoddhA aura senA ke sammukha airAvata hAthI ke samAna hogA tathA raNabhUmi meM siMha ke samAna dhana sampatti meM kalpavRkSa ke tulya aura puSpamAlA-kIrti rUpI sugandha se cAroM dizAoM ko vyakta karatA huA, hamezA pRthvI ko harSita karate hue candramA ke samAna sundara jaise candramA aneka kalA samUha se yukta hotA hai| sUrya ke samAna teja vAlA hogaa|36 isa prakAra pati RSabhadeva ke dvArA "svapna phala" ko sunane ke bAda 114

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caturtha sariloda : pAtro kA vivecana vaha atyanta harSita hotI hai tathA unake vANI kI mAhimA kA varNana karatI haiN|27 taduparAnta dazaveM sarga meM hI garbhiNI sumaMgalA ke viSaya meM unakI sakhiyoM ke bIca AlApa-pratyAlApa hotA hai! phira ekAdaza sarga meM indra kA Agamana hotA hai aura unake dvArA sumaMgalA kI prazaMsA kI jAtI haiN| indra kahate hai ki he sumaMgalA-tumhArA putra 'bharata' nAma dhAraNa karegA tathA yaha pRthvI (usI ke nAma se) 'bhAratI' ke nAma se vikhyAta hogI jisakA vaha svAmI hogaa| "Asmina dadhAne bharatA bhidhAnamupeSyato bhUmiriyaM ca giishc| vidvadbhuvi svAtmani bhAratIti, khyAtau mudaM stprbhuktaabhjnmaam||8" taduparAnta indra kA prasthAna hotA hai aura indra ke cale jAne para sumaMgalA duHkhI ho jAtI hai| isake bAda sumaMgalA kA sakhiyoM dvArA snAnAdi karAyA jAtA hai tathA kAvya samApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sumaMgalA sundara guNoM se yukta, pati ke prati sneha, AgantukoM ke prati bhakti bhAva, sakhiyoM ke prati sneha rakhane vAlI, pati para pUrNa bharosA rakhane vAlI, dharmaniSTha, buddhimAna, atisundara yazasvI putra prApta karane vAlI, dhairya dhAraNa karane vAlI Adi guNoM se yukta hokara kAvya kI mukhya nAyikA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hotI haiN|

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caturtha pariccheda : pAtroM kA vivecana uparyukta grantha meM nAyikA ko zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se mugdhA nAyikA kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| (ga) indra isa mahAkAvya meM kathA sahAyaka ke rUpa meM upasthita indra rUpI pAtra kA Agamana mukhya kathA ko Age bar3hAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| dvitIya sarga meM indra ke dvArA bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI stuti kI jAtI hai| "guNAstavAkodadhipAravartino, matiH punastacvamAyakI aho mahAdhASTarya miyaM yadIhate, jaDAzayA tatkramaNaM kadAzayA' "mano'Nu dhaMtu.. ..guNAmRtArthinI / " sudrumAdyAmupamAM smrNti........krotimaam||" anaMgarUpo.. ..suradrumAyase / / idaM hi SaTakhaNDamavASya.......... . bhUtanigrahe / / 9 ityAdi isa taraha indra dvArA prabhu RSabhadeva kI stuti karake pAMcavoM sarga ke prArambha meM ve RSabhadeva kI prasaMsA karate haiN| unase prArthanA vivAha hetu kiyA jAtA hai| RSabhadeva ke mauna dhAraNa karane para 'maunaM svIkRti lakSaNaM, 1 isa siddhAnta ke anusAra unheM vivAha hetu taiyAra samajhakara vivAha kI taiyArI kiyA jAtA hai aura punaH cauthe sarga meM indra dvArA bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke zarIra zRGgAra kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai aura pAMcaveM sarga meM indra ke dvArA prabhu ke vivAha kriyAnvayana meM sahayoga kiyA jAtA hai aura usI meM indra 116

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caturya ahiraveda : pAtro kA vivecana vara (RSabhadeva) ko unake vaivAhika jIvana se sambandhita kartavyoM kI zikSA pradAna karatA hai| "tvaM parAM nRSu yathA casi koTiM strISvi meM api tathA prthitett| premNi vIkSyaM dhanatAM janatA vaH sthairyamAvahatu dNptidhrme||" prAptakAlamiti. ....prthmnaathnvoddh'e|| yasya daasympi.........bhvtyau|| devadevaddhadi......vAmapi kAmam / ityAdi prakAra se vara-vadhU ko zikSA pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| punaH ekAdaza sarga meM indra kA Agamana hotA hai unake dvArA garbhiNI sumaMgalA kI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai| "sUte tvayA pUrvadizAtra bhAsvatyullAsinetrAmbujarAji ytr| dRSTAmRtAghrANasukhaM vapurmesarasyate tddhinmrthye'hm||" "prAptA bhuvN....apibodhitaarH||" "asminna maukaasn.......lkssyitaamrodhH||" "asminnasivyagRkare.......gurutAM tthaanye|" ityAdi zlokoM dvArA sumaMgalA kI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai|

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caturtha asilanda : pAtroM kA vivecanA isake bAda indra kA prasthAna hotA hai| isa prakAra isa kAvya meM indra kA Agamana devatA aura manuSya donoM rUpoM meM hotA hai| ve laukika karma kANDoM ke jJAtA hai tathA laukika jIvana meM dhAraNa karane yogya dharmoM ke upadeSTA hai aura devatA ke rUpa meM ve bhUta-bhaviSya ke jAnakAra hai| manuSya ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva tathA sumaMgalA kI prasaMsA aura stuti karate haiN| ___ isa taraha se isa mahAkAvya meM indra rUpI pAtra kA Agamana eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rakhatA hai| (gha) sacI (indra kI patnI indrANI) isa mahAkAvya meM indra kI patnI sacI (indrANI) kA Agamana thor3e samaya ke lie hotA hai| pA~caveM sarga ke anta meM sumaMgalA ko vivAhoparAnta pati dharma pAlana karane ke lie sacI dvArA upadeza diyA jAtA hai| ve kahatI hai ki he sunandA tathA sumaMgalA jisa prabhu RSabhadeva kA dAsa bananA bhI durlabha hai unakA Apa loga patnI ho rahI haiM jisakI pUjA prApta karane meM samartha vyakti ke bhAgya kA varNana karane meM bhalA kauna samartha hogA? "yasya dAsyamapi durlabhamanyaistatpriye bata yuvAM ydbhuutm|| bhAgyametadalamatra-bhavatyoH , kaH pravaktumalamatrabhavatyoH / / "

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caturtha, pariccheda : pAtroM kA vivecana karNa guruvacana sunane ke lie, mukha satyavacana volane ke lie, hRdaya meM pati bhakti bhAva lie hue, hAtha yAcakoM ko dAna dene ke lie hai isa prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM ko brahmA ne strI ke lie vatAyA hai zrotrayorgurugirAM zrutirAsye, sunRtaM hRdi punaH patibhaktiH dAnamarthiSu kare ramaNInA- meSa bhUSaNa vidhividhi dttH|| strI ko caMcalatA tyAgane kA upadeza detI huI kahatI haiM subhruvA sahajasiddhamapAsyaM, cApalaM prasavasadmaH viptteH| ye kuulkvinaashmnipaataa-dviicryo'nudhibhuvo'pivishiirnnaa| arthAt caJcalatA kula kA vinAzaka hai| isI viSaya meM Age kahatI hai cApale'pikUlamUni patAkA, tiSThatIhRdi mAsma nidhttm| prApa sApi vasatiM janabAhyAM, daMDa saMghaTanayA dRDhavaddhA / / jo strI aucitya guNoM se yukta hokara patibhakti se apane pati ko apane vaza meM kara letI hai usa mRga ke tulya netroM vAlI strI kI jar3IbUTI tathA mantra-tantra kisa kAma kA hai sabhI bhramasvarUpa hai "asti saMvananamAtmavazaM ce-daucitI paricitA- patibhakti mUlamantra maNibhirmunetrA-staddhamanti kimu vibhrmbhaajH|"

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caturtha pa tAtparya yaha hai ki patibhakti rUpI guNoM se paricita strI ke lie tantra-mantra kI koI AvazyakatA nahI hai ! pativrata kA varNana karate hue kahatI hai "" "mAsya tapyataH tapaH paritakSIn mA tanmatanubhirvatakaSTaiH / iSTa siddhimiha vindati yoSi- cenna lumpati pativratamekam / / 47 zIla rUpI ratna kI mahattA kA varNana karatI huI kahatI hai "ugradurgrahamabhaMgamayatna- prApyayAbharaNamasti nazIlam / cettadA vahati kAJcanaralai-vavidhaM mRdupalairmahilAkim / / 48 'mAjjito'pi ghanakajjalapaGke, zubhra evaM parizIlatazIlaH / svardhunIsalila dhauta zarIro'pyucyate zucirUcirna kuzIlaH // | kaSTakarma nahi niSphalametacceta nAvaduditaM na vaco yat zIlazailazikharAdavapAtaH, pAtakApayazasorvanitAnAm / / 49" : pAtro kA vivecana isa taraha se sunandA aura sumaMgalA tuma strI' bhUSaNa rUpI guNoM kA upArjana karane kA yatna karo " tadyuvApi tayA prayatethAM streNabhUSaNa guNArjana hetoH yena vAM prati dadhAti samastaH, strIgaNoguNavidhauguruvuddhim / / 150 isa prakAra vara vadhU ko upadeza dekara samasta deva samUha devaloka ko cale jAte haiM yahA~ sacI ko eka upadeSTA arthAt guru ke rUpa meM 120

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caturtha upaskinda : pAtroM kA vivecanA darzAyA gayA hai| jisa kArya meM ve pUrI taraha se saphala huI haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM sahAyaka pAtroM ke rUpa meM aneka pAtroM kA citraNa nahIM milatA balki do hI pAtra sahAyaka ke rUpa meM darzAye gaye haiN| 121

Page #135
caturtha, parida : pAtro kA vivecana saMdarbha : 1. caturodAtta nAyaka ----- kAvyAdarza- 1/15 sargavandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH surH| sadavaMzaH kSatriyAM vApi dhIrodAtta gunnaanvitH| ekavaMza bhavAbhUpA kulajA vahavo pi vaa|| 2. tyAgI kRtI kulInaH suzrIko rupyauvnautsaahii| dadhonuraktA lokastejo vaidagdhaya shiilvaanetaa|| -sAhityadarpaNa tRtIya pari0kA0-30 dazarupaka- pR0-109 sAhityadarpaNa- 3/32 jai0ku0saM0- 1/18-21 jai0ku0saM0- 1/36 vahI 5/56 vahI, 1/69-70 vahI, 1/57 10. vahI, 3/11 11. vahI, 8/19 vahI, 3/24 12. 13. vahI, 1/73 14. vahI, 10/68 122

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caturtha asiSeda : pAtroM kA vivecana vahI, 3/26 vahI, 3/27 17. vahI, 3/28 vahI, 5/1 vahI, 5/11 ,6/26 vahI, 6/74 vahI, 7/24-25 vahI, 7/26-27 24. vahI, 7/28-29 vahI, 7/30-31 vahI, 7/32-33 vahI, 7/34-35 vahI, 7/36-37 vahI, 7/38-39 __vahI, 7/40-41 vahI, 7/42-43 vahI,7/44-45 33. vahI, 7/46-47

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caturtha saTiyoda : pAtro kA vivecana 34. vahI, 7/48-51 35. vahI, 8/55-60 36. vahI, 9/1-51 vahI, 10/4-16 vahI, 11/43 vahI, 2/50-54 vahI, 5/67-70 vahI, 11/38-50 taka vahI, 5/69 43. vahI, 5/71 44. vahI, 5/72 5. vahI, 5/73 vahI, 5/74 vahI, 5/77 vahI, 5/78 vahI, 5/79 vahI, 5/83 124

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paMcama adhyAya jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa

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jainakumArasambhava meM rasa vivecanarasa kyA hai? nATya zAstra meM bharata ne sarvaprathama rasa ko brahmAnanda svarUpa mAnate hue kahate hai "raso vai brhm|" arthAt rasa brahmAnanda svarUpa hai| rasa bhAratIya sAhitya kA prANidhAyaka tattva hai aura sampUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya rasa para AdhRta hai| AcArya bharata ne rasa ko eka siddhAnta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai jise rasa sUtra kahA jAtA hai "vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArI saMyogAd rasa niSpattiH" arthAt vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM ke saMyoga se vyakta hone vAle sthAyibhAva ko rasa kahate hai| uparyukta 'rasasUtra' kI vyAkhyA meM uttaravartI AcAryoM ne 1. utpattivAda 2. anumitivAda 3. bhuktivAda 4. abhivyaktivAda ina cAra siddhAntoM kA praNayana kiyA, jisake praNayanakartA kramazaH bhaTTalollaTa, AcArya zaMkuka, AcArya bhaTTanAyaka aura AcArya abhinavagupta haiN| ina siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA yahA~ aprAsaMgika hai| AcArya bharata ne rasoM kI saMkhyA ko apane grantha meM nimna prakAra se nirdiSTa kiyA hai

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paJcama parimoTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa "zRGgAra hAsya karuNaraudra vIra bhyaankaaH| vIbhatsAdbhutasaucaityahaTaunATyarasAH smRtaaH||" arthAt zRGgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa aura adbhuta ATha rasoM kA nirdeza hai| kAvyAprakAzakAra AcArya mammaTa kevala ATha rasa mAnate hue kahate hai "zRGgAra hAsya karuNa raudra vIra bhyaankaaH| vIbhatsAdbhuta saMjJI cetyaSTau nATye rasAH smRtaaH||2 arthAt zRGgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa aura adbhuta kula ATha rasa hai| yaha kArikA mUla rUpa se bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra kI kArikA hai mammaTa ne use vahA~ se jyoM kA tyoM utAra liyA hai| (ka) sthAyibhAva "ratirhAsazca zokazca krodhotsAhau bhayaM tthaa| jugupsA vismayazceti sthAyibhAvAH prkiirtitaaH||3 isake atirikta kAvyaprakAzakAra navAM sthAyibhAva bhI mAnA hai _"nirvedasthAyibhAvo'sti zAnto'pi navamo rsH|" / isa prakAra nau sthAyibhAva aura unake anusAra 1. zRGgAra 2. hAsya 3. karuNa 4. raudra 5. vIra 6. bhayAnaka 7. vIbhatsa 8. adbhuta 9. zAnta ye nau rasa mAne gaye haiN| 126 126

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paJcama sahida : jainakumArasambhava me rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa hAra, guNa evaM ye sthAyibhAva manuSya ke hRdaya meM sthAyI rUpa se sadA vidyamAna rahate hai isalie sthAyibhAva kahalAte haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se avyaktAvasthA meM rahate hai, kintu jaba jisa sthAyibhAva ke anukUla vibhAvAdi sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI hai taba vaha vyakta ho jAtA hai aura rasyamAna yA AsvAdyamAna hokara rasarUpatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| yahA~ vibhAva, anubhAva, sAtvika bhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM para saMkSepa meM dRSTi DAlanA prAsaMgika hai (kha) vibhAva "jJAyamAnatayA tatra vibhAvo bhaavposskRt| AlamvanoddIpanatvaprabhedena sa cdvidhaa||4 arthAt una rasa ke udbhAvakoM meM vibhAva vaha hai jo svayaM jAnA huA hokara sthAyIbhAva ko puSTa karatA hai| vaha Alambana aura uddIpana ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| yathA- yaha duSyanta Adi aisA hai athavA yaha zakuntalA Adi aisI (ga) anubhAva "anubhAvoM vikArastu bhAvasaMsUcanAtmakaH'5 arthAt rati Adi bhAvoM ko sUcita karane vAlA vikAra zarIra Adi kA parivartana anubhAva hai bhrUvikSepa sahita kttaakssaadi| udAharaNa- he mugdhe, 127

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paJcama paricacheda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa romAJcayukta Upara mukha kiye jambhAI lekara, stanataTa ko Upara ubhAra kara, dhUlatA ko caJcalatA se ghumAkara sveda jala ke dvArA bhIge zarIra se lAja ko bahAkara tumane spRhApUrvaka jisake mukha para kSIra-sAgara ke phena paTala ke samAna zveta kaTAkSoM kI chaTA vikherI hai, vaha anokhA dhanya hai| (gha) bhAva "sukha duHkhaadikairbhaavairbhaavstdbhvbhaavnm||'6 arthAt sukha-duHkha Adi bhAvoM ke dvArA sahRdaya ke citta ko bhAvita kara denA hI bhAva kahalAtA hai| jaisA ki nATya zAstra meM kahA gayA haiaho isa rasa yA gandha se sava bhAvita yA vAsita ho gayA hai| ye bhAva sthAyI tathA vyabhicArI do prakAra ke hote hai| (Ga) sAtvika bhAva "pRthagbhAvA bhavantyanye'nubhAvatve'pi sAtvikAH sattvAdeva samutpattestacca tdbhaavbhaavnm||" arthAt anya jo sAttvika hai yadyapi meM anubhAva hI hai tathApi pRthaka rUpa se bhAva kahalAte hai kyoMki inakI 'sattva' se hI utpatti huA karatI hai sattva kA artha hai kisI bhAva se bhAvita honaa| dUsare ke hRdaya meM sthita duHkha aura harSa kI bhAvanA meM prAyaH usI prakAra ke hRdaya vAlA ho jAnA sattva kahalAtA hai| sAttvika bhAva ATha prakAra ke hote hai "stambhapralaya romAJcAH svedovaivarNya vepathU

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paJcama timeda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa azruvaisvaryamityaSTau, stmbho'sminnisskriyaanggtaa| pralayo naSTasaMjJatvam zeSAH suvyaktalakSaNAH" arthAt stambha, pralaya romAJca, sveda vaivarNya vepathu, azru tathA vasvarya inameM aMgo kA niSkriya honA stambha hai, cetanA kA naSTa honA prly| (ca) vyabhicArI bhAva "vizeSAdAbhimukhyena carantI vybhicaarinnH| sthAyinyunmagna nirmagnAH kallolA iva vaaridhau|| arthAt vividha prakAra se sthAyIbhAva ke abhimukha yA anukUla calane vAle bhAva vyabhicArI bhAva kahalAte hai; jo sthAyI bhAva meM isI prakAra prakaTa hokara vilIna hote rahate hai, jisa prakAra sAgara meM trngge| vyabhicArIbhAva 33 prakAra ke hai "nirvedaglAnizaGkAzramadhRti jaDatAharSadainyaugrayacintA, strAseAmarSagarvAH smRtimaraNamadAH suptnidraavivodhaaH,| vrIDApasmAra mohAH sumatiralasatAvegatarkAvahitthA, vyAdhyunmAdauviSAdotsukacapalayutAstriMzadeta tryshc||" arthAt nirveda, glAni zaGkA, zrama, dhRti, jaDatA, harSa, dainya, augraya, cintA, trAsa, IrSyA, amarSa, garva, smRti, maraNa, mada, supta, nidrA, vivodha, brIDA, apasmAra, moha, sumati, alasatA, vega, tarka, avahitthA, vyAdhi, unmAda, viSAda, autsukya tathA capalatA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva 33 prakAra ke hai| 129

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paJcama dida: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa (cha) sthAyIbhAva "viruddhairaviruddhairvA bhAvairvicchidyate na yH| AtmabhAvaM nayatyanyAn sa sthAyI lvnnaakrH||10 arthAt jo rati Adi bhAva apane se pratikUla athavA anukUla kisI prakAra ke bhAvoM ke dvArA vicchinna nahIM hotA aura lavaNAkara yA namaka kI khAna (samudra) ke samAna anya sabhI bhAvoM ko AtmasAt kara letA hai, vaha sthAyI bhAva kahalAtA hai| dazarupaka meM ullikhita dhanaJjaya ke anusAra yaha ATha prakAra kA hotA "ratyutsAhajugapsAH krodho hAsaH smayo bhayaM shokH| zamamapi kecitpAhuH puSTirnATayeSu naitsy||11 1. rati, 2. utsAha, 3. jugupsA, 4. krodha, 5. hAsa, 6. vismaya, 7. bhaya tathA 8. zoka, kucha AcArya zama ko bhI 'navam' sthAyI bhAva kahate hai kintu usa zama kI puSTi rupakoM meM nahIM hotii| isa taraha AcArya dhanaJjaya navA~ zAtta rasa nahIM sviikaarte| aba hama jainakumArasambhava meM prayukta rasoM kA nirupaNa kareMge jainakumArasambhava meM kAvya ke nAyaka RSabhadeva ke vivAha tathA kumArasambhava se sambandhita prasaMga hone ke kAraNa isameM zRGgAra rasa ke prAdhAnya kI apekSA thI, parantu mahAkavi apane nivRttivAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa isa najara rasa ke zava

Page #145
paJcama sariraleTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa guNa evaM doSa En prasaMga ko dUra kara diyA hai aura nAyaka kI vItarAgitA ko unakI Asakti kI apekSA adhika ubhArA hai| unake lie baiSayika sukha viSatulya hai tanoSi tatteSu na kiM prasAda, na saaNyugiinaaydmiitvyiish| syAdyatra zakteravakAzanAzaH, zroyeta zUrairapi tatra saam||2 aura ucita upacAroM / vaha "avakramita" se kAma meM pravRtta hote haiM se viSayoM ko bhogate hai trirAtrameva bhgvaantiityaaniruddhpitraanupruuddhaacittH| tatastRtIyo'pipumarthasAre, prAvartatAvakramatiH RmjnyH|| bhogAhaM karma dhruva vedyamanya-janmArjitaM svaM svimuvivudhy| muktyeka kAmopyucitopacArairabhukta tAvyAM vissyaansktH||3 isa taraha jainakumArasambhava ke vividha prasaMgoM meM zRGgAra rasa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| RSabhadeva ke vivAhArtha jAte samaya pati kA sparza pAkara, kisI devAMganA kI maithunecchA sahasA jAgRta ho jAtI hai tathA bhAvocchavAsa meM usakI kaJcakI TUTa jAtI hai| vaha kAma vega ke kAraNa asahAya ho jAtI hai| phalasvarUpa vaha apanI icchApUrti hetu priyatama kI cATukAritA karane lagatI hai |131

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paJcama ahiraroTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa upAttyANistridazana vallabhA shrmaakulaakaacidudNcikNcukaa| bRSasyayA cATuzatAni tanvatI jagAma tasyaiva gtsyvighntaam|| eka anya sthAna para svAmI RSabhadeva ko dekhane ke lie puranAriyoM meM eka strI ke varNana prasaMga meM usakI kAma ke prati autsukya kI tIvratA evaM adhIratA tathA AtmavismRti ko isa prakAra darzAyA gayA hai kApi nArdhayamitazlathanIvI prasarannivasanApi lalajje nAyakAnananivezitanetre janyalokanikare'pi smetaa||15 devadampattiyoM ko rati ke lie kucakrAdi ke latAgRhoM kA nirmANa Adarza pariveza samupasthita karatA hai aura astAcala parvata kI rajata zilAeM saMbhoga keli meM mAniniyoM ko mAna tyAgane ke lie vikala kara detI hai| zrI jayazekhara sUri ne rati ke sopAna rUpa meM parvatIya nIravatA kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai tarukSaratsUnamRdUttaracchadA, vyadhattayantArazilA vilaasinaam| ratikSaNA lambitaroSamAninI smayagrahagranthibhide shaaytaam||6 zrI jayazekhara sUri ne apane mahAkAvya meM vAtsalya, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa hAsya tathA zAnta rasoM kA AnuSaMgika rUpa meM pallavana kiyA hai| zizu RSabhadeva kI tutalI vANI, lar3akhar3AtI gati akAraNa hI logoM ko ha~sane

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paJcama ahida: jainakumArasambhava me rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa ke lie bAdhya karatI hai| vaha RSabhadeva daur3akara pitA se lipaTa jAte haiN| unake pitA zuzu ke aMga sparza se vibhora ho jAte hai| unakI A~kheM harSAtireka se vanda ho jAtI hai aura ve tAta-tAta kahakara pukArane lagate haiM "avyakta muktaM skhaladaMghriyAnaM niHkAraNaM hAsya mvsrmnggm| janasya yaddoSatayAbhidheyaM, tacchaizave yasya babhUva bhuussaa||"57 jayazekhara ne navavivAhita RSabhadeva ko dekhane ke lie nAriyoM ke citraNa meM hAsya rasa kA rocaka varNana kiyA hai| jaba koI strI unheM dekhane kI zIghratA meM apane rote zizu ko chor3akara goda meM villI kA vaccA uThAkara daur3a pdd'ii| use dekhakara sArI vArAta ha~sane lagI, kintu use isakA bhAna taka nahIM huA "turNimuDhadRgapAsya rudantaM, potamotumadhiropya kttiire| kApi dhAvitavatau nahi jajJe, hasyamAnamapi janyajanaiH svm||118 svAmI RSabhadeva ko gArhasthya jIvana meM pravRtta karane ke lie indra kI uktiyoM meM zAnta rasa kI kSINa abhivyakti huI hai| "vayasyanaMgasya vayasya bhUte, bhUteza rupe'nupmsvruupe| padIMdirAyAM kRtamaMdirAyAM ko nAma kaamevimnaastvdnyH||9 bhayAnaka rasa kA prasaMga hai apyatucchatayA pucchA- ghAtakampita bhUtalama apyudAradarIkroDa- krIDatkSeDAbhayaGkarama- 2/38-29

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paJcama aDiseda : jainakumArasambhava me rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa sayo bhinnebha kuMmottha- vyaktamuktopahAriNam hariNAkSI hariM svapna- dRSTaM saavmnyt|| isa mahAkAvya meM zRGgAra rasa sarvAdhika prasaGgoM meM parilakSita hotA hai| yadyapi jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga-6 meM ullikhita vidvAnoM dvArA isa mahAkAvya meM aGgI rasa kA abhAva batAyA gayA hai kintu kisI mahAkAvya meM eka aGgI rasa kA honA Avazyaka hotA hai tathya yaha bhI hai ki yahA~ zRGgAra rasa jisakA laukika vAsanAtmaka svarUpa na hokara dharma pradhAna zRGgAra ke rUpa meM hai aura cUMki RSabhadeva sAmAnya nAyaka nahIM apitu jainiyoM ke ArAdhya deva ke rUpa meM haiM ataeva kavi apane pUjanIya evaM AdaraNIya nAyaka ko laukika zRGgAra ke rUpa meM varNita na kara dharma pradhAna nAyaka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai isalie zRGgAra mukhara rUpa meM na Akara aparokSa rUpa meM AyA hai ataH yahA~ zRGgAra aGgI rasa ke rUpa meM tathA zeSa anya rasa aGga rasa ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| chanda kI dRSTi se jainakumArasambhava kA vivecana ___ 'chanda' kAvya kA vaha pramukha tatva hai, jisake dvArA gadya ko padya ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita kiyA jAtA hai| arthAta isake viniyojana se zabda kAvyocita pratiSThA ko prApta hotA hai| prAyaH pratyeka alaMkArikoM ne apane mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNa meM chanda ke viniyojana kA pramukhatA pUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai aura kAvya meM sabhI chandoM kI yojanA kA Agraha kiyA hai|r sarvaprathama hama jainakumArasambhava meM prayukta chandoM kA saMkSepa meM lakSaNa vatAte haiM jo aprAsaMgika nahI hogaa| 134

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paJcama pAritoda: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doss| isameM prayukta sabhI chanda varNasamavRtta hai| pramukha chanda hai| 1. indravajrA "syAdindravajrA yaditau jagau gaH" 11/30 pratyeka caraNa meM do tagaNa, eka jagaNa, aura do guru ho use indravajrA kahate hai| 2. upendravajrA "upendravajrA jatajAstato gau" 11/31 vRttaratnAkara pratyeka caraNa meM jagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa, do guru ho| 3. upajAti "anantarodIratalakSmabhAjau paadauydiiyaavupjaatystaaH| ithaM kilAnyAsvapi mizritAsu smaranti jAtiSvidameva naam|| 11/32 jisa padya kA koI caraNa abhI kahe hue indravajrA ke lakSaNa dvArA tathA koI caraNa upendravajrA ke lakSaNa dvArA banA ho use upajAti chanda kahate hai| 4. zAlinI "zAlinyuktAmtau tagau gobdhilaukaiH"-11/35 pratyeka caraNa meM magaNa, tagaNa, tagaNa, guru, guru ho tathA cauthe aura 135

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paJcama parisada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa evaM doSa EiS sAtaveM para yati ho| 5. rathodRtA "rAnnarAviha rathoddhatA lagau" 11/39 jisa pAda meM ragaNa, magaNa, ragaNa laghu guru ho paadaanteytiH| 6. vezasyam 'jatau tu vaMzasthamudIritaM jarau' 11/47 jisa padya ke pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH jagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa aura ragaNa ho use vaMzastha kahate hai pAdAnta meM yati hotI hai| 7. drutavilamvita 'drutavilambitamAha nabhau bharauM' 11/50 pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH eka nagaNa, do bhagaNa anta meM ragaNa ho tathA pAdAnta meM yati ho| ise sundarI bhI kahate hai| 8. vaizvadevI "paJcAzcaizchinnA vaizvadevI mamau yau" 11/63 jisake pratyeka caraNa meM kramaza: do bhagaNa aura do yagaNa ho yati aura sAta varNo para ho| pAMca 136

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paJcama siTameda: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, 9. praharSiNI "mrau jrau gastridazayatiH praharSiNIyam" 11/70 aura eka guru pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH magaNa, nagaNa, jagaNa, ragaNa ho tIna aura daza para yati ho| 10. basantatilakA "uktA basantatilakA tabhajAjagaugaH" 11/78 pratyeka caraNa meM tagaNa, magaNa, do jagaNa, do guru ho pAdAtta meM yati ho| 11. mAlinI "nanamayayuteyaM, mAlInI bhogilokaiH" 11/83 pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH do nagaNa, eka magaNa do magaNa ho yati aura sAta vargoM para ho| ATha 12. zikhariNI "rasai rudraizchinnA yamanasabhalAgaH zikhariNI 11/91 pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH yagaNa, magaNa, nagaNa, sagaNa, magaNa, laghu aura guru ho tathA cha: aura gyAraha para yati ho| 13. "jasau jasayalA vasugrahayatizca pRthvI guruH" 11/92 137

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paJcama.pariTacheda: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH jagaNa, sagaNa, punaH jagaNa, sagaNa, yagaNa, eka laghu aura anta meM eka guru ho tathA ATha aura nau varNoM para yti| 14. hariNI rasayugadhyai, nsau nau slau go yadAhariNI tadA- 11/94 ___ pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH nagaNa, sagaNa, magaNa, ragaNa, sagaNa, laghu aura guru yati cha:, cAra aura sAta para ho| 15. "mandAkrAntA jaladhibaDagambhI na tau tAdgurucet" 11/95 pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH magaNa, bhagaNa, nagaNa do tagaNa aura do guru ho yati cAra, cha: aura sAta vargoM para ho| 16. zArdUlavikrIDita ___ sUryAzcairmasajastatAH saguravaH zArdUlavikrIDitam 11/99 praticaraNa meM kramazaH magaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, do tagaNa, eka guru yati vAraha aura sAta para ho 17. stragdharA "mrabhnairyAnAM trayeNa, trimuniyatiyutA, sragdharA kIrtiteyam" 11/103 aura praticaraNa meM kramazaH magaNa, ragaNa, bhagaNa, nagaNa tathA tIna yagaNa yati sAta-sAta varNo para ho|

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paJcamada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri ne apane mahAkAvya jainakumArasambhava meM prAyaH sabhI pramukha chandoM kI yojanA vibhinna varNana prasaMgoM meM kiyA hai| aura chandoM ke prayoga meM nATyazAstra ke niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya ke prathama sarga ke Arambha meM ayodhyApurI nagarI ke varNana meM upajAti chanda kI yojanA kI gayI hai astyuttarasyAM dizi kozaleti, purI parItA paramarddhi lokaiH / nivezayAmAsa puraH priyAyAH, svasyAvayasyAmiva yAM dhanezaH / / 22 aura sarga ke anta meM chanda vadala diyA gayA hai vahA~ zArdUla vikrIDita chanda kI yojanA hai nArINAM nayaneSu cApalaparIvAdaMvinighnan saundaryeNa vizeSitena vayasA vAlyAtpurovartinA / / nirjetApi manobhavasya janayaMstasyaiva vAmAkule bhrAntiM kAlamasau ninAya vividhakrIDArasaiH kaMcana / / 23 jainakumArasambhava ke dvitIya sarga meM vasantatilakA aura tRtIya sarga ke C anta meM mandAkrAntA chando kI yojanA huI hai| tadA hareH sasadi rUpasampadaM, prabhoH prabhAjIvanayovanoditAm / 139

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- paJcama : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa agAyatAM tuMbarunAradau radocchalanmayUkhacchala darzitAzayau / / aura mAlinI chanda kI yojanA chaThe sarga meM isa prakAra kI gayI athAzrayaM svaM saparicchadeSu, sarveSu yAteSu narAmareSu / nAthaM navoDhaM rajanirvivikta, ivekSituM raajvdhuuruupaagaat|| 4 aura usI sarga meM indravajrA tathA zikhariNI chanda kI yojanA hai jagadbharturvAcA prathamamatha jaMbhArivacasA, rasAdhikyAttRptiM samadhigamitAmapyanumAm / svarAyAtairbhakSyaiH zucibhuvi nivezyAsanavare, valAdAlIpAlI cttughttnyaa'bhojydimaam||25 sUriH zrI jayazekharaH kavighaTAkoTIrahIracchavi, dhammillAdimahAkavitva kalanAkallolinIsAnubhAk / bANIdattavarazciraM vijayate tena svayaM nirmite, 26 sarge jainakumArasambhavamahAkAvyeyamekAdazaH ' isa taraha jainakumArasambhava meM upajAti, indravajrA, upendravajrA, rathoddhadhatA, vaMzastha, zAlinI, vaizvadevI, drutavilambita, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, pRthvI, zikhariNI, 140

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paJcama pariccheda: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, mandAkrAntA praharSiNI, hariNI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita ina sattaraha chandoM kI yojanA hai| upajAti inakA priya chanda hai| jainakumArasambhava meM anuSTupa, viyoginI aura puSpitAgrA chanda kA prayoga nahI huA hai| kAvya kI anyAnya vidhAoM kI bhAMti isa mahAkavi ne chandoM kA vidhAna bhI praur3ha rUpa se kiyA hai| jainakumArasambhava meM alaMkAra vivecana kAvya meM alaGkAroM kA mahatva sarvAtizAyI hai| AcArya bharata se lekara Aja taka sAhitya jagata meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM isa kalAtmaka kalpanA vidhAna kA anusaMdhAna ho rahA hai| kAvya meM alaGkAra bhAvAbhivyakti ke sazakta sAdhana haiN| alaGkAroM ke paridhAna meM sAmAnya bhI vilakSaNa saundarya se dIpta ho jAtA hai| AcArya daNDI ne apane kAvyAdarza meM "kAvyazobhAkarAna dharmAn alaGkAra prackSate" kahakara alaGkAroM ke mahatva kA AkhyAna kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki kAvya aura alaGkAroM meM colI-dAmana kA sambandha hai| vaise alaGkAroM kI saMkhyA anizcita hai kintu sarvaprathama ise zabdAlaGkAra aura arthAlaGkAra do rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ isa mahAkAvya meM prayukta kucha alaGkAroM kA lakSaNa aura tatsambandhita udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| jainakumArasambhava meM nihita alaGkAra camatkRti ke sAdhana nahIM hai ve kAvya saundarya ko prasphuTita karate hai tathA bhAvaprakAzana ko samRddha banAte haiN| jainakumArasambhava meM alaGkAroM kA sahaja vidhAna dRSTigocara hotA hai|

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paJcama sahida: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa/ zabdAlaGkAroM meM zleSa, anuprAsa aura yamaka kA vidhAna pramukha rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM zleSa aura yamaka durUha nahIM hai| 1. anuprAsa alaGkAra "varNasAmyamanuprAsaH''27 vargoM kI samAnatA hI anuprAsa hai| yaha chekagata aura vRttigata do prakAra kA hotA hai| "so'nakasya sakRtpUrva:"28 aneka varNoM kI eka bAra AvRtti rUpa sAmya chekAnuprAsa hai| "ekasyApyasakRtparaH eka varNa kA bhI aura aneka vyaJjanoM kA eka bAra yA bahuta bAra kA sAdRzya arthAt AvRtti vRtyanuprAsa hai| jainakumArasambhava meM ayodhyAnagarI ke varNana meM antyAnuprAsa kA yaha sundara udAharaNa hai saMpannakAmA nayanAbhirAmAH sadaiva jIvatprasavA avaamaaH| yatrojjhitAnyapramadAvalokA, adRSTazokAnyavizanta lokaaH|| 2. yamaka alaGkAra "arthe satyarthabhinnAnAM varNAnAM sA punaH zrutiH yamakam" artha hone para bhinnArthaka varNoM kI usI krama se punaH zravaNa yA punarAvRtti yamaka nAmaka

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paJcama paricoda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa/ zabdAlaGkAra kahalAtA hai| jahA~ anya kaviyoM ne kAvya meM vidvatA pradarzana ke lie alaGkAroM ke prayoga meM zrama kiyA hai jayazekhara sUri kA yamaka kliSTatA se mukta hai- sunandA ke guNoM ke varNana meM yamaka kI saralatA ullekhanIya hai parAMtarikSodakaniSkalaMkA, nAmnA sunandA nayaniSkalaGkA / tasmai guNazreNibhiradvitIyA, pramodapUraM vyatarad dvitiiyaa|| 3. zleSa alaGkAra zabda aura artha bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| (i) zabda zleSa vAcyabhedena bhinnA yad yugpdbhaassnnspRshH| zliSyanti zabdAH shlesso'saavkssraadibhirssttdhaa||32 artha kA bheda hone se bhinna-bhinna zabda eka sAtha uccAraNa ke kAraNa jaba paraspara milakara eka ho jAte hai taba vaha zleSa rUpa zabdAlaGkAra hotA hai aura vaha akSara Adi ke bheda se ATha prakAra kA hotA hai| arthAt zabda zleSa sabhaMga tathA abhaMga bheda se do, tathA phira sabhaMga ke bhI AThabheda- sa ca varNa, pada, liGga bhASA- prakRti- pratyayavibhakti- vacanAnAM bhedaadssttdhaa|

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paJcama aDicheda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa (ii) arthazleSa "zleSaH sa vAkye ekasmin yatrAnekArthatA bhaveta" jahA~ para eka hI vAkya meM eka pada ke aneka artha hote haiM vahA~ arthazleSa alaMkAra hotA sumaMgalA kI sakhiyoM kI nRtyamudrAoM meM zleSa sahaja rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai| yathA struzrutAkSarapathAnusAriNI, jJAta saMmata kRtaanggikkriyaa| AtmakarmakalanApaTurjagau, kApi nRtyaniratA svmaarhtm||3 isa prakAra zabdAlaGkAroM meM kavi ne anuprAsa aura yamaka kA atyadhika prayoga kiyA hai aura donoM hI alaGkAra kAvya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vyApta hai| 3. upamA alaGkAra arthAlaGkAroM meM upamA kavi kA priya alaGkAra hai| upamA varNya bhAva ko pratyakSa kara detI hai| upamA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai "sAdharmyamupamA bhede " upamAna tathA upameya kA bheda hone para unake sAdharmya kA varNana upamA kahalAtA hai| upamA ke pUrNA aura luptA do bheda haiN| 144

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paJcama ahilada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa evaM doSa eS pUrNA upamA ke zrotI aura ArthI do bheda phira donoM meM pratyeka vAkyagata samAsagata tathA taddhigata tIna prakAra hai| luptA ke 19 bheda haiN| jainakumArasambhava meM kavi ne bhAvapUrNa tathA anubhUta upamAnoM ke dvArA bhAvoM kI samartha abhivyakti kI hai| yathA vadhUdvayadRSTayo-zcApalaM ydbhvdurpohm| zaizavAvadhi vadhUdvayadRSTayozcApalaM yadabhavahurapoham tatsamagramupabhartu vililye, 'dhyApakAntika ivaantissdiiym|| sumaMgalA aura sunandA kI dRSTi kI caMcalatA pati ke sAmane isa prakAra vilIna ho gayI, jisa prakAra adhyApaka ke sAmane chAtra kI caMcalatA vilIna ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra upamA ke eka anya udAharaNa meM sAkhiyoM ne sahasA uThakara sumaMgalA ko aise ghera liyA jaise kI paMkti kamalinI ko ghera letI haiM tAM sasaMbhramasamutthitAstataH, sannipatya privraalyH| ucchvasajjalarUhAnanAM prage, padminImiva mdhuvrtaalyH||5 kavi ke upamA kauzala kA samyak paricaya prApta karane hetu eka anya upamA prastuta karate hai pragRhya kausuMbhasicA gale'valA, valAtkRSantyenamanaiSTa mNddpm| avAptavArA prakRtiryathecchayA, bhavArNavaM cetnmpydhiishvrm||6 arthAt eka strI RSabhadeva ke gale meM vastra DAlakara unheM vivAha

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paJcama, pariccheda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa chanda, alaGkAra, gaNa maNDapa meM aise le gayI jaise karma rUpa pApa prakRti AtmA ko bhava sAgara meM khIMca ke jAtI hai| jainakumArasambhava ko 'sUkti-sAgara' banAne kA zreya dRSTAnta aura arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra ko hai| kAvya meM dRSTAnta aura arthAntara nyAsa kI bharamAra hai| 4. dRSTAnta alaGkAra "dRSTAntaH punareteSAM srvessaaNprtibimbnm'|26 arthAt ina upamAna, upameya, unake vizeSaNa aura sAdhAraNa dharma Adi sabakA bhinna hote hue bhI opamya ke pratipAdanArtha upamAna-vAkya tathA upameyavAkya meM pRthaga upAdAna rUpa 'bimba-pratibimbabhAva' hone para dRSTAntAlaGkAra hotA hai| nidrA prasaMsA meM dRSTAnta kI mArmikatA ullekhanIya hai dRSTanaSTavibhavena varNyate, bhAgyavAniti sadaiva durvidhH| janmato vigatalocanaM janaM, prAptaluptanayanaH pnaayti||28 5. arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena smrthyte| yantu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdhamaryeNetareNa vaa| sAmAnya athavA vizeSa kA usase bhinna arthAt sAmAnya kA vizeSa |146

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pazcama, ke dvArA athavA vizeSa kA sAmAnya ke dvArA jo samarthana kiyA jAtA hai vaha arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra sAdharmya tathA vaidharmya se do prakAra kA hotA hai| : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa jainakumArasambhava meM arthAntaranyAsa kA adhikAdhika prayoga milatA hai| rAtri ke prastuta varNana meM kavi kI kalpanA ne arthAntaranyAsa ko isa rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai titAMsati zvaityamihendurasya, jAyA nizA ditsati kAlimAnam / aho kalatraM hRdayAnuyAyi, kalAnidhInAmapi bhAgyalabhyam / / 6. paryAya alaGkAra " ekaM krameNAnekasmin paryAya: / 49 eka krama se aneka meM hotA hai athavA kiyA jAtA hai taba paryAyAlaGkAra hotA hai| RSabhadeva ke saundarya varNana ke antargata isa padya meM striyoM kI dRSTi kA unake arthAt RSabhadeva ke vividha aMgoM meM krama se vihAra karane kA varNana hone ke kAraNa 'paryAya' alaGkAra hai guNa vivecana ? bhrAntvAkhileMge'sya dRzo vazAnAM prbhaapyo'kssiprpyoniNpiiy| chAyAM ciraM bhrUlatayorUpAsya, bhAlasthale sNddhurdhvgtvm||2 kAvya-vivecana ke prArambhika kAla se hI kAvya-guNoM kA ullekha 147

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paJcama, masida: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, hotA rahA hai| bharatamuni ne 'mAdhurya' tathA 'audArya' Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA oja kA svarUpa bhI batalAyA hai| prathama alaGkAravAdI AcArya bhAmaha ke pazcAt to guNoM ke svarUpa tathA saMkhyAdi vivecana kA yuga hI Arambha ho gayA thA, kintu usa samaya guNa tathA alaGkAroM kA svarUpa viveka nahI ho pAyA thaa| AcArya daNDI ke guNa-nirUpaNa meM bhI guNa tathA alaGkAra kA bheda spaSTa nahIM huA thaa| isIlie bhaTTodbhaTa ne guNa tathA alaGkAroM ke bheda ko paramparAgata hI vatalAyA thaa| unake mata meM guNa tathA alaGkAra meM koI bheda nahIM hai| laukika guNa tathA alaGkAroM meM to yaha bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai ki hArAdi alaGkAroM kA zarIrAdi ke sAtha saMyoga-sambandha hotA hai aura zauryAdi guNoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM apitu samavAya sambandha hotA hai kintu kAvya meM to oja Adi guNa tathA anuprAsa, upamA Adi alaGkAra donoM kI hI samavAya sambandha se sthiti hotI haiM, isalie kAvya meM unake bheda kA upapAdana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| unameM jo loga bheda mAnate hai, vaha kevala bher3a cAla mAtra hai|" udbhaTa ke paravartI AcAryoM ne nityatA tathA anityatA ko lekara guNa tathA alaGkAroM meM bheda pradarzana kiyA tathA niSkarSa svarUpa guNoM kI kasauTI nityatA va alaGkAroM kI kasauTI parivartana-zIlatA svIkAra kI hai| sarvaprathama rItivAdI AcArya vAmana ne guNa tathA alaGkAroM kA bheda karane kA prayAsa kiyA tathA unake anusAra kAvya ke zobhAkAraka dharma guNa hai aura usa kAvya-zobhA kI vRddhi karane vAle (camatkAraka) dharma alaGkAra hai| unake anusAra kAvya meM guNoM kI sthiti aparihArya hai, 148

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pazcama da: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa parantu alaGkAroM kI sthiti aparihArya nahIM hai| AcArya Anandavardhana ne guNa ke svarUpa kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA tathA yaha batalAyA ki guNa zabdArtha athavA zabdavinyAsa Adi ke dharma nahIM apitu kAvya kI AtmA arthAt rasa ke dharma haiN| unhoMne guNa tathA alaGkAra ke bheda ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki kAvya ke AtmabhUta rasAdidhvani ke Azrita rahane vAle dharma guNa hote hai aura alaGkAra kAvya ke abhaMgabhUta zabda tathA artha ke dharma hote haiN| isa prakAra AnandavardhanAcArya ne guNoM ko rasAzrita tathA alaGkAroM ko zabda tathA artha ke Azrita dharma mAnakara unake bheda kA upapAdana kiyA hai| 47 AcArya mammaTa ne inakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai tathA udbhaTa va vAmana se pRthak guNoM ko rasa ke sthira (acala ) dharma mAnA hai| guNa kA lakSaNa dete hue ve likhate hai ki AtmA ke zauryAdi dharmoM kI taraha kAvya meM jo pradhAna rasa ke utkarSAdhAyaka tathA acala sthiti vAle hote haiM, ve guNa kahalAte haiN|" prAyaH kAvyaprakAzakAra kA anusaraNa karate hue AcArya hemacandra ne rasa kA utkarSa karane vAle hetuoM ko guNa kahA hai| ye guNa upacAra (gauNarUpa) se zabda aura artha ke utkarSAdhAyaka hote haiM / 4 tAtparya yaha hai ki guNa mukhyataH rasa ke hI dharma haiM; gauNarUpa se ve usa rasa ke upakAraka zabda aura artha ke dharma kahe jAte haiN| yahA~ para guNa va doSa kA rasAzrayatva siddha karate hue hemacandrAcArya likhate haiM 149

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paJcama aDigoda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, ki guNa tathA doSa kA rasAzrita honA anvaya vyatireka ke vidhAna se bhI siddha hai| jahA~ doSa rahate haiM vahIM guNa bhI rahate hai aura ve doSa rasa vizeSa meM rahate hai zabda aura artha meM nhiiN| yadi ve zabda aura artha ke doSa hoMge to vIbhatsa rasa meM kaSTatvAdi tathA hAsyAdi rasoM meM azlIlatvAdi doSa guNa nahIM ho paayeNge| kyoMki ye anitya doSa haiM, kabhI doSa rahate haiM, kabhI nahIM bhI rahate aura kabhI-kabhI guNa bhI ho jAte haiN| jisa aMgI rasa ke ve doSa hote haiM usake abhAva meM ve doSa nahIM raha jAte, usake rahane para doSa rahate haiN| isa prakAra anvaya vyatireka ke dvArA guNa aura doSa kA rasAzrayatva hI siddha hotA hai| zabdArthAzritatva nahIM gauNa rUpa meM bhale hI ve guNa aura doSa zabdArtha ke kahe jAyeM kintu vAstavika rUpa meM ve rasAzrita dharma haiN|" ___hemacandrAcArya ne aMga ke Azrita rahane vAle dharmoM ko alaGkAra kahA hai|9 tathA apanI viveka TIkA meM pUrvAcAryoM ke vicAroM kA khaNDana prastuta karate hue guNAlaGkAra vivekAra kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isameM bhaTTodabhaTa ke abhedavAdI mata va vAmana ke bhedavAdI mata kA khaNDana aura svamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jisameM mammaTa kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| jaisA ki pUrvakathita hai ki bhaTTodbhaTane guNa va alaGkAra meM koI bheda nahIM mAnA hai| unake isa mata ko hemacandrAcArya ne nirasta kara diyA hai|3 unakA kathana hai ki kAvya ke sandarbha meM alaGkAroM ko hI rakhA va haTAyA jAtA hai, guNoM ko nahIM tathA alaGkAroM ko tyAga karane se na to 150

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paJcama, parimoda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa vAkya dUSita hotA hai na hI unake grahaNa se pusstt| tathAhi- "kavitAra: saMdarbheSvalaGkArAn vyavasyanti nyasyanti ca, na gunnaan| nacAlaMkRtInAma poddhArAhArAbhyAM vAkyaM duSyati puSyati vA / " ise unhoMne udAharaNa dvArA puSTa kiyA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA hai ki guNoM kA to tyAga va grahaNa karanA sambhava hI nahIM hai| "guNAnAmapoddhArAhArau tu na saMbhavat iti" / 55 isa prakAra guNa va alaGkAra donoM alaga-alaga tattva haiN| ina donoM kA Azraya bhI bhinna-bhinna hai| ataH bhaTTodbhaTa kA abhedavAdI mata anucita Age ve vAmana ke bhedavAdI mata ko bhI uddhRta karate hue vyabhicAra yukta batAte haiM tathA tarka va udAharaNa prastuta kara svamata kI puSTi karate haiN| yaha bhI pUrvollikhita hai ki vAmana ne guNa va alaGkAra meM bheda mAnA hai| parantu hemacandra isakA khaNDana sodAharaNa nirUpita karate hai ki "gato'stamarko bhAtInduryAnti, vAsAya pakSiNaH" ityAdi meM prasAda, zleSa, samatA, mAdhurya, saukumArya, arthavyakti Adi guNoM kA sadbhAva hone para bhI usakI kAvya-vyavahAra meM pravRtti nahIM ho rahI hai| yathA "api kAcicchutA vArtA tsyaunighuvidhaayinH| ittIva praSTumAyate tasyAH krnnaantmiikssnne||" isa padya meM utprekSA alaGkAra mAtra hone para tIna-cAra guNoM ke

Page #166
- paJcama simeTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa eNa evaM doSa avivakSita hone para bhI kAvya vyavahAra hotA hI hai| ataH vAmana ke mata meM bhI vyabhicAra A jAtA hai| ataH alaGkAra aMgAzrita va guNa rasAzrita hote haiM yaha hamArA mata hI zreyaskara hai|6 AcArya narendraprabha sUri kA guNa-svarUpa AcArya Anandavardhana va mammaTa ke guNa-svarUpa kA mela hai| unhoMne guNa ke lie Avazyaka aura pUrvAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta sabhI utkRSTa tatvoM ko grahaNakara guNa-svarUpa nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra zauryAdi guNa AtmA ke Azrita rahate hai, usI prakAra jo rasa ke Azrita rahate hai, akRtrima haiM, nitya haiM tathA kAvya meM vaicitrya ke utpAdaka haiM, ve guNa kahalAte haiN| zauryAdaya ivAtmAnaM rasabheva zrayanti ye guNAste sahajA kAvye nityvaicitrykaarinnH||57 isI ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra prANI ke zaurya, sthairya Adi guNa AtmA ke hI Azrita rahate haiM; AkAra meM nahIM, usI prakAra mAdhuryAdi guNa bhI rasa ke hI Azrita rahate haiN| ye guNa rasa ke hI dharma haiM, varNa samUha ke nhiiN| yahI alaGkAroM se guNa kA bheda hai| kyoMki guNoM ke abhAva meM alaGkAroM se yukta racanA bhI kAvya na ho skegii| jaisA kahA bhI gayA hai ki yadi yovana zUnya strI ke zarIra kI taraha guNoM se zUnya kAvyavANI ho, to nizcaya hI lokapriya alaGkAra bhI dhAraNa karane para acchI nahIM lagatI hai| vAgbhaTa- prathama, vAgbhaTa- dvitIya va bhAvadevasuri- ina jainAcAryoM ne

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paJcama Asilada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa/ guNa vivecana to kiyA hai para guNa- svarUpa para prakAza nahIM DAlA hai| guNa-bheda ___ sarvaprathama AcArya bharata ne dasa guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai zleSa, prasAda, samatA, samAdhi, mAdhurya oja, padasaukumArya, arthAbhivyakti, udAratA aura kaanti|60 ___ inhIM kA anusaraNa karate hue AcArya daNDI69 va vAmanara ne bhI dasa guNoM kA ullekha kiyA haiM, jinake nAma bharata nirdiSTa hI hai| inake atirikta vAmana ne dasa arthaguNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisase unake matAnusAra guNoM kI saMkhyA 20 haiM, kintu inake svarUpa meM antara hai| isa prakAra daNDI ko pUrNarUpeNa evaM vAmana ko AMzika rUpa meM bharata kA anuyAyI kahA jA sakatA hai|63 dUsarI paramparA meM ve AcArya hai, jinhoMne mAdhurya, oja aura prasAdaina tIna guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM bhAmaha, Anandavardhana, mammaTa aura AcArya hemacandra ko rakhA jA sakatA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne vAmana sammata zabda aura artha guNoM kA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki kucha guNa doSAbhAvarUpa hai; kucha doSarUpa haiM aura zeSa kA antarbhAva mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda meM hI ho jAtA hai| ataH guNoM kI saMkhyA tIna hai, dasa nhiiN| tIsarI paramparA meM una samasta AcAryoM ko rakhA jA sakatA hai 153

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paJcama, mavipada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa guNa evaM do am jinhoMne dasa athavA tIna se nyunAdhika guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM agnipurANa, bhoja, AcArya hemacandra va jayadeva dvArA ullikhita ajJAta nAmA AcArya haiN| agnipurANakAra ne guNoM kI saMkhyA 18 mAnI haiN| jo zabda artha aura ubhayaguNoM meM vibhAjita hai| bhoja ne sAmAnyataH guNoM kI saMkhyA 24 mAnI hai|6 jinameM ukta bharata sammaTa dasa guNoM ke atirikta udAntatA, aurjitya, prema, suzabdatA, saumya, gAMbhIrya, vistAra, saMkSepa, saMmitatva, bhAvikatva, gati, rIti ukti aura praur3hi- ye 14 guNa haiN| unhoMne 24 guNoM ko vAhya, Abhyantara aura vaizeSika meM vibhAjita kara guNoM kI saMkhyA 72 svIkAra kI hai; jo anyAcAryoM kI apekSA sarvAdhika hai| hemacandrAcArya dvArA ullikhita ajJAtanAmA AcArya ke anusAra guNoM kI saMkhyA 5 hai- oja, prasAda, madhurimA, sAmya aura audaary|67 isI prakAra jayadeva dvArA ullikhita ajJAtanAmA AcArya ke anusAra guNoM kI saMkhyA hai- nyAsa, nirvAha, praur3hi, auciti, zAstrAntara rahasyokti va saMgrahA68 jainAcAryoM meM sarvaprathama vAgbhaTa prathama ne dasa guNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai69 jo bharatamuni sammata hai| pratyeka kA saudAharaNa svarUpa nimna prakAra hai audArya ___ artha kI cArutA ke pratyAyaka pada ke sAtha vaise hI anya padoM kI sammilita yojanA ko 'udAratA' nAmaka guNa kahate haiN|

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paJcama diyada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa gandhebhavibhrAjita dhAma lakSmIlIlA mvujacchatramapAsya raajym| krIDAgirau raivatake tapAMsi zrIneminnAtho'tra ciraM ckaar|| isa zloka meM cArutA pratyAyaka 'gandha' zabda ke sAtha anya sundara pada 'ibha' lIlAmbuja zabda ke sAtha 'chatra' aura krIDA zabda ke sAtha 'girauM' zabda artha meM cArutA kA AdhAna karate haiN| ataH usameM audArya nAmaka guNa hai| samatA aura kAnti aviSamatA (anukUlatA) samatA haiM tathA racana kI racanA kI ujjvalatA kaanti|2 samatA, yathA kucakalazavisArisphAralAvaNyadhArAmanuvadati yadaMgAsaMginI haarvllii| asadRzamahimAnaM tAmananyopameyAM kathaya kathamahaM te cetasi vynyjyaami||3 yahA~ para 'kuca' ke sAtha 'kalaza' visAri ke sAtha sphAra Adi aviSama padoM kA prayoga hone se samatA guNa hai| kAnti yathA phalaiH klaptAhAraH prathamamapi nirgatya sadanAdyanAsaktaH saukhye kvacidapi purA janmani kRtii| tapasmannazrAntaM nanu vanabhuvi zrIphaladalaikhaNDaiH khaNDendozciramakRta paadaarcmnsau||"

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paJcama,Dilada : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa/ yahA~ viruddha zandhi ke tyAga se 'phalaiH' klRptAhAraH" meM visargoM ke alopa se aura samAsahIna hone se isa zloka meM "kAnti" nAmaka guNa arthavyakti jahA~ para artha ko samajhane meM kisI taraha kA vighna nahIM rahatA vahA~ 'arthavyakti' guNa samajhanA caahie| yathA- tvatsainyarajasA sUrye lupte raatrirbhuuddivaa||6 sUryAsta hone se rAtri kA Agamana svAbhAvika hai| isako samajhane ke lie kisI prayAsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| ataeva isa padya meM arthavyakti nAmaka guNa hai| prasannatA- jisa guNa ke kAraNa par3hate hI zIghra arthAvavodha ho jAya use "prasannatA' athavA prasakti kahate haiN|77 yathA- kalpadruma ivAbhAti vAJchitArthaprado jinH| yahA~ yaha kahane se ki jinadeva kalpataru kI bhAMti abhikaSita phala ke dene vAle haiM unakI dAnazIlatA atizIghra spaSTa ho jAtI hai| ataH yahA~ para prasannatA nAmaka guNa hai| samAdhi jahA~ para eka vastu ke guNa kA AdhAna anya vastu ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ samAdhi nAmaka guNa hotA hai|

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paJcama aDiTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa yathA- yathAzrumiraristrINAM rAjJaH pallavitaM yshH| pallavita honA latAvRkSAdi kA guNa hai, na ki yaza kA kintu kavi ne pallavita hone kI vizeSatA ko rAjA ke yaza meM nirmAjita karake samAdhi guNa utpanna kara diyA hai| zleSa aura ojasa aneka padoM kA paraspara gumphita honA zleSa hai aura samAsa kA vAhulya oj| samAsa bahulA padAvalI gadya meM hI zobhita hotI hai, padya meM nhiiN| yathA- mudA yasyodgItaM saTTa sahacarIrbhirvanacaraimurhaH zrutvA helodbhutadharavibhAraM bhujvlm| darodgacchadda karanikara dambhAtpulakitA zcamatkAraudrekaM kulazikharipaste'pi ddhire||2 yahA~ samasta pada eka sUtra meM guMthI gaI maNiyoM ke sadRza paraspara gumphita haiM, ataH zleSa guNa hai| oja yathA samarAjisphuradarinarezakarinikaraziraH sarasasindUrapUraparicayene vAruNitakaratalo dev|| yaha gadyAMza samAsabahula hone se 'oja' guNa kA udAharaNa haiN| 157

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paJcama dilacheda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa mAdhurya aura saukumArya sarasa artha ke bodhaka padoM kA prayoga mAdhurya guNa hai aura komalakAnta-padAvalI kA prayoga saukumArya guNa hai| mAdhurya yathA phaNimArNa kiraNAlIsyUta cnycnnicolH| kucakalaza nidhAnasyeva rakSAdhikArI urasi vizadahArasphAratAmujjihAnaH kimiti kara saroje kuNDalI kunnddlinyaaH||5 se yahA~ zRGgArarasa ke anukUla sarasa artha ke vodhaka pada hone mAdhurya guNa hai| saukumArya, yathA pratApadIpAJjanarAjireva dev| tvadIyaH karavAla essH| no codanena dviSatAM mukhAni zyAmAmamAnAnikathaM kRtaani|| yahA~ komala kAnta padAvalI hone se saukumArya guNa hai| AcArya hemacandra ne mAdhurya, oja tathA prasAda-ina tIna guNoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai mAdhuryojaH prsaadaastryogunnaaH||7 tathA anya sabhI guNoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| AcArya mammaTa dvArA kiye gaye khaNDana kI apekSA AcArya hemacandra kA khaNDana-maNDana adhika vyApaka hai| jabaki AcArya hemacandra ne svopajJa viveka TIkA meM vistArapUrvaka rasavAdI AcAryoM ke atirikta ajJAtanAmA AcArya mammaTa, 158

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paJcama sida: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa) oja, prasAda, madhurimA, sAmya aura saudArya nAmaka 5 guNoM kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai tathA unakA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai jo chanda vizeSa ke AdhAra para guNoM kI zobhA mAnate haiM, jaise sragdharA Adi chandoM meM ojo guNa aadi| unakI mAnyatA hai ki lakSaNa meM vyabhicAra hone se, ucyamAna tIna hI guNoM meM antarbhAna hone se yA doSa parihAra ke rUpa meM svIkRta hone se anya guNoM ko nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ataH unake anusAra guNa tIna hI haiM, dasa athavA pAMca nahIM trayo na tu daza paJca vaa| lkssnnvybhicaaraaducymaangunnessvntrbhaavaat| doSaparihAreNa sviikRttvaacc| isa sandarbha meM unakI viveka TIkA ati mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM unhoMne dasa guNoM ke atirikta pAMca guNoM kA ullekhapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai jo ki unake vyApaka adhyayana kA paricaya prastuta karatA hai| hemacandrAcArya dvArA svIkRta mAdhurya, oja va prasAda guNa kA vivecana isa prakAra hai (1) mAdhurya mAdhurya guNa saMbhoga zRGgAra meM druti kA hetu hai| arthAt drutikA hetu aura saMbhoga zRGgAra meM rahane vAlA jo dharma hai vaha mAdhurya kahalAtA hai| druti kA artha hai ArdratI arthAt citta kA druviibhaav| zRMgAra ke aMgabhUta hAsya aura adbhuta Adi rasoM meM bhI mAdhurya guNa hotA hai| atyanta druti kA kAraNa hone se yaha mAdhurya guNa zAnta, karuNa aura vipralambha zRGgAra meM bhI atizaya yukta (camatkArotpAdaka) hotA hai|3

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paJcama dieTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa mAdhurya ke isa svarUpa vivecana meM mammaTa kA hI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai, parantu mammaTa ne mAdhurya ko drutihetu ke atirikta AhvAdasvarUpa vAlA bhI kahA hai| sAtha hI karuNa, vipralaMbha tathA zAnta meM mAdhurya ko uttarottara camatkArajanaka kahA hai| 'karuNe vipralambhe tacchAnte caatishyaanvitm||" jabaki AcArya hemacandra ne isa krama ko badalakara zAnta, karuNa aura vipralambha kara diyA hai| jahA~ AcArya mammaTa ne tInoM guNoM kA svarUpa vatalAkara vAda meM usake vyaJjaka varNAdi kI carcA kI hai vahIM AcArya hemacandra ne aisA na karake eka-eka guNa se sambandhita sabhI bAtoM para vicAra kiyA hai| mAdhurya guNa ke svarUpa-vivecana ke vAda ve usake vyaJjakoM kA nirupaNa karate hue likhate haiM ki apane antima varNa se yukta, Ta varga ko chor3akara anya sabhI varga hazva rakAra tathA NakAra aura samAsarahita (yA alpasamAsa vAlI) komala racanA mAdhurya vyaJjaka hai|'6 isameM AcArya hemacandra ne prAyaH mammaTa kA anusaraNa karate hue mAdhurya guNa ke vyaJjaka varNa, samAsa aura racanA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vRnti meM unhoMne ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki apane varga ke (antima) paJcama varNa Ga ja Na na ma se yukta, zira ke varNa sahita

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paJcama, pariccheda: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, (ka varga, ca varga Adi) aTavarga arthAt Ta varga rahita- Ta Tha Da r3ha rahita zeSa varNa aura izva se vyavahRta repha aura NakAra- ye varNa aura asamAsa arthAt samAsa rahita yA choTe-choTe samAsa vAlI tathA mRdu racanA mAdhurya guNa kI vyaJjaka hotI haiN|8 yathA ziJjAnama mnyjiiraashcaaruukaanycnkaanycyH| kaGkaNAGkabhujA bhAnti jitAnaGga tvaanggnaaH||9 prastuta racanA meM adhikAMzataH varga ke paMcama vargoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha racanA mAdhuryaguNa kI vyaJjaka hai| isI prakAra dAruNaraNe raNantaM karidAruNakAraNaM kRpaannNte| ramaNakRte raNakaraNakI pazyati taruNIjano divyH||100 isa udAharaNa meM repha va NakAra kI vahulatA hone se ye varNAdi mAdhurya guNa ke vyaJjaka haiM kintu isase bhinna- Ta vargAdi se yukta racanA mAdhuryaguNa kI vyaJjaka nahI yathA akuNThotkaNThayA pUrNamAkaNThaM klknntthimaam| kambukaNThayAkSaNaM kaNThekuru knntthaartimuddhr|| yahA~ zRGgAra rasa ke pratikUla vargoM kA samAyojana hone se mAdhurya guNa nahIM hai| ise mammaTa ne pratikUlavarNatA nAmaka vAkya doSa ke udAharaNa

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paJcamatiroda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne eka aura pratyudAharaNa prastuta kara zRGgAra ke pratikUla vargoM ko dikhAyA hai| yathA vAle mAleyamuccairna bhavati gagana vyApinI niirdaanaaN| ki tvaM pakSamAntavAntairmalina yasimudhA vaktramazrupravAhaiH eSA provRttmntdvipkttkssnnkssunnnnvndhyoplaabhaa| dAvAgnevomni lagnA malinayati dizAM maNDalaM dhuumlekhaa||102 yahA~ dIrgha samAsa se yukta, paruSa varNoM vAlI racanA vipralamba zRMgAra ke viruddha hai| (2) ojasa cinta kI dIpti arthAt ujjvalatA yA vistAra meM jo kAraNa ho vaha ojaguNa kahalAtA hai| yaha vIra, vIbhatsa aura raudrarasa meM kramazaH adhika atizayAnvita hotA hai arthAt vIra kI apekSA vIbhatsa aura vIbhatsa kI apekSA raudrarasa meM tathA raudra ke aMgabhUta adbhuta rasa meM bhI ojaguNa kramazaH adhika atizaya yukta hotA hai|03 ojaguNa ke vivecana meM bhI mammaTa kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| AcArya hemacandra ne mAtra "teSAmaMge'dbhute ca" . adhika kahA hai| vyaJjakoM ke nirUpaNa meM bhI mammaTa se pUrNa samAnatA hai| yoga AdyatRtIyAbhyAmantyayo reNa tulyyoH| TAdiH zaSau vRttidairdhya gumpha uddhata ojsi||105" AcArya hemacandra likhate hai ki varga ke prathama aura tRtIya varNoM kA 162 //

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paJcama asiyAda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaDDAra, guNa evaM doSa, kramazaH dvitIya aura caturtha varNa ke sAtha yoga, repha aura tulyavarNa se yukta varNa tathA Ta varga aura za, Sa, varNa dIrgha samAsavAlI aura kaThora (uddhata) racanA ojaguNa kI vyaJjaka hai|06 Age unhoMne likhA hai ki prathama varNa se dvitIya varNa tathA tRtIya varNa se caturtha varNa ke mile hue varNa, nIce Upara yA donoM jagaha kisI bhI varNa ke sAtha repha kA saMyoga tulyavargoM kA saMyoga NakAra rahita Ta varga (Ta Tha Da Dha) za, Sa kA saMyoga aura dIrgha samAsavAlI kaThora racanA ojaguNa kI vyaJjaka hai|07 AcArya hemacandra ne ojaguNa ke udAharaNa svarUpa meM nimna padya prastuta kiyA hai mU muddattakRtA viralagalagaladasta saMsakta dhaaraa| dhauteshdhiprsaadopntjyjgjjaatmithyaamhimnaam|| kailAsollAsanecchAvyatikarapizunotsarpido ddharANAM doSNAM caiSAM kimetatphalamiha nagarIrakSaNe ytpryaasH||108 yahA~ uparyukta varNo kI saMracanA aura dIrgha samAsAdi ke hone se ojaguNa kI abhivyakti ho rahI hai| AcArya mammaTa ne ise avimRSTavidheyAMza nAmaka samAsagata doSa ke udAharaNa rUpa meM bhI uddhRta kiyA hai|09 uparyukta kathita vargoM se viparIta varNoM vAlI racanA ojaguNa kI vyaJjaka nahIM hotI haiN| jaise dezaH so'marAtizoNitajalairyasminhadAH puuritaaH| kSatrAdeva tathAvidhaH paribhavastAtasya keshgrhH||

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tAnyevAhitazastradhasmara guruNyastrANi bhAsvasti no| bhadrAmeNa kRtaM tadeva kurute droNAtmajaH krodhnH||10 isameM ukta prakAra ke varNoM kA abhAva hai tathA samAsa-rahita anuddhata racanA hone se ojoguNa viruddha hai| (3) prasAda vikAsa kA hetu prasAda guNa sabhI rasoM meM hotA hai| zuSka IMdhana meM agni kI bhAMti tathA svaccha jala kI taraha citta meM sahasA vyApta hone vAlA tathA samasta rasoM meM pAyA jAne vAlA prasAda guNa hai|41 prAyaH yahI mata AcArya mammaTa kA bhI hai|112 zravaNamAtra se arthavodha karAne vAle varNa samAsa aura racanAeM prasAdaguNa kI vyaJjaka haiN|113 yathA dAtAro yadi kalpazArivabhiralaM yadyarthinaH kiNtRnnaiH| santazcedamRtena kiM yadi khalAstatkAlakUTena kim; saMsAre'pi satIndrajAlamaparaM yadyasti tenApi kim||14 mAdhurya, oja va prasAda ke vyaJjaka vargoM ko kramazaH upanAzarikA paruSA va komalA nAmaka vRtti kahA gayA hai aura anya AcArya inheM hI vaidarbhI, gauDI aura pAJcAlI rIti kahate haiM jaisA ki kahA gayA hai maadhuryvynyjkaivrnnairupnaagrikessyte| ojaH prakAzakaiste'stu paruSA komalA praiH|| 164

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paJcama aviveTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa keSAJcidetA vaidarbhIpramukhA riitiyomtaaH||115 vRtti, rIti, mArga, saMghaTanA tathA zailI prAyaH samAnArtha hai| vRtti zabda kA prayoga udbhaTa ne kiyA hai| unhoMne apane kAvyAlaGkArasArasaMgraha meM upanAgarikA, paruSA tathA komalA nAmaka tIna vRttiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| inhI tIna vRttiyoM ko vAmana ne tIna prakAra kI rItiyoM ke rUpa meM, kuntaka tathA daNDI ne tIna prakAra kI mArgoM ke rUpa meM aura Anandavardhana ne tIna prakAra kI saMghaTanA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| ataH udbhaTa kI vRttiyA~, vAmana kI rItiyA~, daNDI aura kuntaka ke mArga tathA Anandavardhana kI saMghaTanA eka hI bhAva ko vyakta karatI hai|96 hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra pUrvokta guNoM meM yadyapi varNa, racanA, samAsAdi niyata (nizcita) haiM tathApi kahIM-kahIM vaktA, vAcya (pratipAdya viSaya) tathA prabandha ke aucitya se varNAdi kA anya prakAra kA prayoga bhI ucita mAnA jAtA hai|17 kahIMkahIM vAcya tathA prabandha donoM kI upekSA karake kevala vaktA ke aucitya se hI racanA hotI hai| jaise- 'mnthaaystaarnnvaambh.........|18 ityaadi| kahIM vaktA tathA prabandha donoM kI upekSA karake kevala vAcya ke aucitya se hI racanAdi hotI hai| jaise prauDhacchedAnurUpocchala...........99 ityAdi tathA kahIM-kahIM vaktA tathA vAcya kI upekSA karake prabandha 165

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paJcama sahida : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa ke aucitya ke anusAra racanAdi hotI hai, yathA- AkhyAyikA meM zRGgAra ke varNana meM komala varNAdi prayukta nahIM hote haiN| kathA meM raudrarasa meM bhI dIrgha samAsAdi prayukta nahIM hote haiN| isI prakAra anya aucityoM kA bhI anusaraNa karanA cAhie / 120 AcArya narendra prabhasUri ne vAmana sammata dasa zabda guNoM tathA dasa arthaguNoM kA khaNDana karake AcArya mammaTa tathA hemacandra Adi dvArA svIkRta mAdhuryAdi tIna guNoM kI sthApanA kI hai / 121 unakA kathana hai ki vAmana ne jo samAsa rahita padoM vAlI racanA ko mAdhurya guNa kahA hai, vaha " astyuttarasyAm" ityAdi padya meM vidyamAna hai, punaH use arthazleSa kA udAharaNa prastuta kara arthazleSa ko alaga se guNa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai isI prakAra racanA kI akaThoratA rUpa zabdasaukumArya, komala-kAnta padAvalI rUpa artha saukumamArya, artha kA darzana rUpa artha samAdhi aura ghaTanA kA zleSa rUpa arthazleSa nAmaka jo guNa hai, inakA hameM jo mAdhurya guNa kA svarUpa abhISTa hai usameM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai922 / ataH ukta guNoM ko pRthak-pRthak mAnanA ThIka nahI hai| racanA kI gAr3hatA oja nAmaka zabdaguNa, artha kI praur3hi oja nAmaka artha guNa, aneka padoM kA eka pada ke samAna dikhAI denA zabdazleSa, Aroha aura avaroha kA krama zabda samAdhi, bandha kI vikaTatA udAratA nAmaka zabdaguNa bandha kI ujjvalatA kAnti nAmaka zabdaguNa aura racanA meM rasoM kI dIpti-kAnti nAmaka arthaguNa kahalAtA hai| ina guNoM ke mUla meM | 166

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paJcama, atiloda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa citta ke vistAra rUpa dIpti vidyamAna hai, jo ojoguNa kA svarUpa hai ataH unakA antarbhAva ojoguNa meM ho jaayegaa| ojoguNa mizrita racanA kI zithilatA prasAda nAmaka zabdaguNa, artha spaSTatA rUpa prasAda nAmaka arthaguNa, zIghra hI artha kA bodha karAne vAlI racanA artha vyakti nAmaka zabdaguNa aura jo racanA vastu ke svabhAva kA spaSTa rUpa se vivecana karAye vaha arthavyakti nAmaka artha guNa kahalAtA hai| inakA antarbhAva hameM abhISTa lakSaNa vAle prasAdaguNa meM ho jAtA hai|123 kAvya meM nibaddha racanA zailI kA anta taka parityAga na karanA samatA nAmaka zabdaguNa prakrama kA abheda rUpa aviSamatA nAmaka arthaguNa aura racanA meM grAmyatA kA abhAva udAratA nAmaka arthaguNa kahalAtA hai| samatA tathA udAratA meM donoM kramazaH bhragnaprakrama va grAmyadoSa kA abhAvamAtra isa prakAra vAmana ne jo dasa zabdaguNa va dasa arthaguNa mAne hai ve ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki unakA mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda nAmaka tInoM guNoM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| punaH AcArya narendraprabhasUri ne apane dvArA svIkRta ina mAdhuryAdi tIna guNoM kA lakSaNa sahita udAharaNa pUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai tathA AcArya hemacandra ke samAna pratyeka guNa ke udAharaNa ke sAtha usakA pratyudAharaNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI rasoM meM guNoM kI tAratamyatA va guNoM ke vyaJjaka varNa-vizeSoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai|125 AcArya vAgbhaTa- dvitIya ne sarvaprathama bharatamuni sammata dasa kAvya guNoM ke

Page #182
paJcama madiracheda : jainakumArasammata meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa nAmollekhapUrvaka lakSaNa prastuta kiye hai, kintu inhoMne svayaM kevala mAdhuryAdi tIna guNoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA zeSa kA antarbhAva inhI tIna guNoM meM mAnA hai|26 AcArya bhAvadevasUri ne guNavarNana prasaMga meM pahale bharatAdi- sammata zleSa, prasAda Adi dasa guNoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA pratyeka kA lakSaNa va saMkSepa meM udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai|27 isI krama meM mAdhuryAdi tIna guNoM kA bhI paraiH pada se ullekha kiyA hai|28 jo anya mata kA dyotaka hai| ataH unake anusAra dasa guNa hI mAnanA caahie| isa prasaMga meM bhAvadevasUri ne zobhA, abhimAna, hetu, pratiSedha, nirUkta, yukti, kArya aura prasiddhi ina ATha kAvya cinhoM (kAvya lakSaNoM) kA ullekha kiyA hai|29 jo isa prakAra hai1. zobhA- doSa kA nissedh| yathA jahA~ tuma ho vahA~ kaliyuga bhI zubha hai| 2. abhimAna- vastuviSayaka uuhaapoh| yathA yadi vaha candramA hai to uSNatA kaise? 3. hetu- anyadekokti kA tyAga hetu hai| yathA na indurnaarkoguruhaasauN"| 4. pratiSedha- nissedh| yathA tumane yuddha se nahIM, bhauMha se hI zatruoM ko jIta liyaa| 168

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paJcama saritoda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa ra, guNa evaM do 5. nirukta- nirvcn| yathA una donoM ko mai isa prakAra samajhatA hU~, kintu Apa doSAkara haiN| 6. yukti- vishisstttaa| yathA tuma navIna jalada ho, jo sone kI varSA karate hai| 7. kArya- phlkthn| yathA____ rAtrirupI strI se viziSTa yaha candramA (Apa donoM ko) accheda (saMyoga) ke lie udita ho rahA hai| 8. prasiddhi- prasiddha vastuoM meM tulyatA kA kathana- yathA samudra jala se mahAna hai aura Apa vala se mahAna haiN| isa prakAra isa sampUrNa vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki ina sabhI jainAcAryoM ne alaGkAra zAstra kI paramparA kA akSuNNa rUpa se nirvAha karate hue apanI zailI meM guNa svarUpa Adi viSayoM para vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne jo atirikta pAMca kAvyaguNoM kA ullekha pUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai, vaha anya kisI AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa na kiye jAne ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama bhAvadevasUri- ye jainAcArya bharata tathA vAmana Adi ke anuyAyI haiM, kyoMki inhoMne dasa guNoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra, narendraprabhasUri va vAgbhaTa dvitIya ye tIna jainAcArya Anandavardhana va mammaTAdi ke samarthaka haiM kyoMki inhoMne mAdhuryAdi tIna guNoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA zeSa kA inhIM meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| isa

Page #184
pacama : jainakumArasambhava me rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina sabhI jainAcAryo ne pUrvAcAryo dvArA mAnya kisI eka vicAradhArA ko svIkAra kara, zeSa kA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai| isa taraha yahA~ guNoM ke sambandha meM mAnya anyAnya vidvAnoM ke vicAroM ke sAtha jainAcAryoM dvArA mAnya vicAroM ke ullekha ke uparAnta jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumAra sambhava mahAkAvya meM prayukta guNoM ke sambandha meM vivecana isa prakAra kiyA jA rahA hai jayazekharasUri ne isa mahAkAvya meM kAvyazAstra meM mAnya prasAda tathA mAdhuryaguNoM kA yathAsthAna sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| isake aneka prasaGgoM meM prasAda guNa yukta vaidarbhI rIti kA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai vizeSakara sumaMgalA ke vAsagRha kA varNana ! tathA paJcama sarga meM vara-vadhU ko diye gaye upadeza prasAda guNa kI sarasatA tathA svAbhAvikatA se paripUrNa hai, vivAhoparAnta zikSA kA yaha aMza ullekhanIya hai antareNa puruSaM nahi nArI, tAM vinA na puruSo'pi vibhAti / pAdapena rucimaJcati zAkhA, zAkhayaiva sakalaH kila so'pi / / 130 yoSitAM ratiralaM na dukUle, nApi hemni na ca sanmaNijAle / antaraMga iha yaH patiraMgaH so'dasIyahRdi nizcalakozaH / / 131 " yA prabhuSNurapi bhartaridAsI - bhAvamAvahati sA khalu kAntA / kopa paGka kaluSA nRSuzeSA, yoSitaH kSatajazoSajalUkA / / 132 170

Page #185
paJcama da: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa, mRdulatA tathA sahajatA bhASA ke mAdhurya kI sRSTi karate hai| tRtIya sarga meM indra-RSabhadeva saMvAda meM mAdhurya kI manorama chaTA darzanIya hai| vItarAga RSabhadeva ko vivAha ke lie prerita karane vAlI indra kI yuktiyA~ ullekhanIya hai jaDAzayA gA iva gocareSu, prajAnijAcAra prmpraasu| pravartayannakSatadaMDazAlI, bhaviSyasi tvaM svayameva gopH||133 kalA samaM zilpa kulena deva, tvadeva labdha prabhavA jgtyaam| kvano bhaviSyantyupakArazIlAH, zailAtsaratnA iva nirjhrissyH||134 kiM zaMkaze dAra parigraheNa, virAgatAM nivRtti naayikaayaaH| prabhuH prabhute'pyavarodhane syA-nAgaH padaM lumptinkrmNcet||135 . tathA indra dvArA paJcama sarga meM vara RSabhadeva ko diyA gayA yaha upadeza zravaNIya hai muktiricchati yadujjhitadAraM, strI striyaM nahi sa hetuH| kAmayanta itare tu mahelA yuktameva puruSaM purussaarthaaH|| isI sarga meM indra kI patnI sacI dvArA sumaMgalA ko diyA gayA upadeza zravaNIya hai mAsma taSyata tapaH paritakSIna mA tnuumtnubhivrtkssttaiH| iSTasiddhimiha vindati yoSiccena lumpati ptivrtmekm|| ye sabhI prasaGga mAdhurya guNa se ota-prota haiN| oja guNa atyalpa

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paJcama, patilAda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, prApta huA hai| svapnabhaGgabhaya kampramAnaso --------- nAyipISTa caritArthatAM hlaaH|10/58 yanmarIcinikare manu viSvak -------- viSTamadAtasa tmsmai| 5/25 doSa vivecana sarvaprathama kAvyagata doSoM ke sandarbha meM saMkSipta paricaya denA aprAsaMgika nahI hogaa| kAvyagata doSoM kI saMkhyA meM uttarottara vikAsa huA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya- bharata ne dasa doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- gUDhArtha, arthAntara, arthahIna, bhinnArtha, ekArtha, abhiluptArtha, nyAyapadapeta, viSama, visandhi evaM shbdcyut|126 isake pazcAt AcArya bhAmaha ne apane kAvyAlaGkAra meM cAra sthaloM para doSoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue sarvaprathama cha: kAvya doSoM ko ginAyA hai- neyArtha, kliSTa, anyArtha, avAcaka, ayuktigata aura guuddhshbdaabhidhaan|137 tadantara zrutiduSTa, arthaduSTa, kalpanAduSTa aura zrutikaSTa ye cAra-cAra vANI doSa kahe haiN|138 isI krama meM medhAvI ke anusAra hInatA asambhava, liMgabheda, vacanabheda, viparyaya, upamAnAdhikya, aura asadRzatA nAmaka sAta doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai|39 tatpazcAt kAvyasaundarya ke ghAtaka aThAraha prakAra ke doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- apArtha, vyartha, ekArtha, sasaMzaya apakrama matibhraSTa, zabdahIna, bhinnavRtta, visandhi, dezavirAdhI, kAlavirodhI, kalAvirodhI, lokavirodhI, AgamavirodhI, pratijJAhIna, hetuhIna aura dRSTAnta hInA140 172

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paJcama, pahiloda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa isa prakAra AcArya bharata kI tulanA meM bhAmaha ne kAvya doSoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kI hai| jabaki bhAmahAcArya ke hI samakAlIna AcArya daNDI ne mAtra daza doSoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai, jisakA bhAmaha ne pahale hI pratipAdana kara diyA thaa| daNDI ke dasa doSa hai apArtha, vyartha, ekArtha sasaMzaya, apakrama, zabdahIna, matibhraSTa, bhinnavRtta, visandhi aura dezakAla, kalA, loka, nyAya, aagmvirodhii|15 ataH doSa prasaMga meM daNDI ne koI navIna bAta nahIM kahI hai| dhvanyAlokakAra Anandavardhana ne zrutiduSTatva, grAmyatva aura asabhyatva ina tIna doSoM kA vibhinna prasaGgoM meM nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA pAMca rasa doSoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai, kintu anaucitya ko unhoMne rasa-bhaMga kA sabase pramukha doSa mAnA hai|142 AcArya mammaTa kA doSa vivecana sarvAdhika vistRta hai| kAvya sambandhI jitane adhika doSa sambhava ho sakate the prAyaH una sabhI ko AcArya mammaTa ne ginA diyA hai| unake dvArA pratipAdita lagabhaga sattara doSa hai jinheM unhoMne kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake pratipAdita kiyA hai- zabda doSa, artha doSa aura rasa doss| punaH zabda doSa ke tIna bheda kiye haipada doSa, padAMza doSa aura vAkya doss| isa prakAra mammaTa sammata doSoM ko pAMca vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai- 1. pada doSa 2. padAMza doSa 3. vAkya doSa, 4. ubhaya doSa 5. artha doSa aura 6. rasa doSa jainakumArasambhava meM prayukta kucha doSa nimnavat hai 1. aprayukta doSa 173

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paJcama, pariveda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa/ aprayuktaM tathA''mnAtamapi kvibhirnaadRtm|143 arthAt koza Adi meM usa artha meM par3hA huA hone para bhii| kaviyoM dvArA na apanAyA huA zabda prayoga aprayukta doSa hai yathA yaH khelanAddhaliSu dhUsaro'pi, kRtaaplvebhyodhikmuddidiipe| tArai ranabhaiH prabhayAnubhAnu, rbhraanulipto'pydhriikriyet||4 vitenuSI zmazruvane vihAraM, dolArasAya shritkrnnpaaliH| sphuratprabhAvAri ciraM cikhela, tadAnanAM bhoja nivAsinI shriiH||145 bhRzaM mahelAyugalena khelA-rasaM rahastasya vilokmaanaa| pauSI pupoSAlasatAM gatau yAM, nizA na sAdyApi nivrtte'syaaH||146 iti RtUcitakhelanakai nai kai- hRtahRdazcarato'sya ythaaruci| sukRtasUrasamutthadhRtiprabhA- paricitA arucannakhilA dinaaH||140 yA kRtrimA mauktikamaNDanazrI-radIyata svedlvaistdngge| tatra sthitau sA sahasA vilInA, kiM kRtrimaM khelati neturgre||158 uparyukta nirdezita zlokoM meM khelanAt, cikhela, khelA-rasaM khelanakaiH tathA khelati Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kAvya meM apracalita hone ke kAraNa aprayukta doSa se yukta haiN| 2. zlIla doSa- tridheti briiddaajugupsaamngglvynyjktvaad|149 arthAt zlIla doSa 1. brIDA 2. jugupsA aura 3. amaGgala ke vyaJjaka hone se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| yathA 174

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paJcama, pariSada: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa, kApi nArdhayamitazlathanIvI, prakSarannivasanApi lljje| nAyakAnananivezitanetre, janyalokanikare'pi smetaa||150 narasya nidrAvadhivIkSaNotsavaM, tanoti yastasya phalaM kimucyte| vimucyate so'pi vicArataH pRtha-ggataH prathAM yo mlmuutrvaadhyaa||51 uparyukta donoM zlokoM meM varNita kramazaH nIvI tathA malamUtra zabda vrIDA yA lajjA janaka hai ataH zlIla doSa yukta hai| 3. sAtvikabhAva svazabdavAcyatA doSa "vyabhicAri rasasthAyibhAvAnAM zabdavAcyatA" / 252 tatkare karazaye'janijanyoH saMcare sapadi saatvikbhaavaiH| sAtviko hi bhagavAnnijabhAvaM, sveSu saMkramayate'tra na citrm||153 yahA~ sAtvikabhAva svazabdavAcya hone se doSapUrNa hai| 175

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paJcama vaseTa : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa saMdarbha : 1. nATya zAstra-6/16 kAvyaprakAza-4/44 vahI, 4/45 dazarUpaka- 4/2 vahI, 4/3 6. vahI, 4/5 7. vahI, 4/6 8. vahI, 47 9. vahI, 4/8 vahI, 4/43 11. vahI, 4/44 jainakumArasambhava- 3/15 tatraiva- 6/25-26 jai0ku0saM0- 4/10 vahI, 5/39 vahI, 2/39 vahI, 1/27-28 ___ vahI, 5/41 19. vahI, 3/24 sarvatra bhinna-vRttarUpetaM lokaraMjakam- kAvyAdarza- 1/19 11. 'bhinnAtyavRtta'-kAvyAnuzAsanaM- ASvAM adhyaay| rAmanAtha 176 176

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paJcama rida : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa 22. jai0ku0saM0- 1/1 3. vahI, 1/77 25. vahI, 6/1 vahI, 11/70 vahI, 11/70 kAvyaprakAza- mammaTa-ullAsa 9/sU0103, pR0-404 28. " " " sUkta 105 vahI, u0 9/sU0 106, pR0-405 jai0ku0saM0-1/2 30. vahI, 6/46 32. kAvyaprakAza 9/sU0 118, pR0-415 jai0ku0saM0-10/61 kAvyaprakAza u0 10/sU0 124, pR0-443 jai0ku0saM0-10/31 vahI, 4/74 kA0pra0 u0 10/sU0 154, pR0-486 jai0ku0saM0-10/51 kA0pra0 u0 10/sU0 164, pR0-500 jai0ku0saM0-6/9 41. kA0pra0 u0 10/sU0 179, pR0-518 kA. 42. jai0ku0saM0-1/59 udbhaTAdibhistu guNAlaGkAraNAM prAyazaH sAmyameva sUcitam-alaGkAra sarvasva pR0-19 43. 177

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paJcama madiracheda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa ___ samavAyavRttyA zauryAdayaH saMyoga vRttyA tu hArAdayaH guNAlaGkArANAM bhedaH ojaH pRbhRtInAmanuprAsopamAdInAM cobhayeSAmapi samavAyavRttayA sthitiriti guDDulikA pravAheNevaiSAM bhedaH- kAvyaprakAza, pR0-384 kAvyazobhAyAH kartAro dharmAH gunnaaH| 45. tadatizaya hetavastva lNkaaraaH|| kAvyAlaGkAra sUtra,3/1/1-2 dhvanyAloka, 2/6 tamarthamavalambante ye'GginaM te guNAH smRtaaH| aMgAzritAstvalaGkArA mantavyAH kttkaadivt|| dhvanyAloka 2/6 ye rasasyAGginoM dharmAH zauryAdayaH ivaatmnH| utkarSa hetavaste syuracalasthitayo gunnaaH|| kA0pra0 8/66 49. rasasyotkarSApakarSa hetu guNadoSau bhaktyA shbdaarthyoH| kAvyAnuzAsana 1/12 rasAzrayatvaM ca guNadoSayoranvayakAnuvidhAnAt ............yadi hi tayoH syustahi~ vIbhatsAdau kaSTatvAdayo guNA na bhaveyuH hAsyAdau cAzlIla tvaadyH|..............rs evaashryH| kAvyAnusAsana 1/12 vRtti 51. agAzritA alngkaaraaH| vahI, 1/13 aMGgAzritA iti| tvaMgini rase bhavanti te gunnaaH| eSa eva guNAlaGkAra vivekaH- kAvyAnuzAsana viveka 50. TIkA, pR0-34 53. etAvatA zauryAdi sadRzA guNAH keyurAditulyA alaGkArA iti vivekamuktvA saMyoga samavAyAbhyAM zauryAdInAmasti bhedH| iha tUbhayeSAM samavAyena sthititirivyabhidhAya tasmAda gaDarikA pravAheNa guNAlaGkAra bheda iti bhAmaha vivaraNe yada bhaTTodbhaTo'bhyadhAt tnnirstm| vahI, TIkA, pR0-34/35 54. kAvyAnuzAsana viveka TIkA. 10-35 55. 56. vahI, pR0-36 ..........vAmanena yo vivekaH kRtaH so'pi vybhicaarii| tasmAdyacokta eva guNAlaGkAra vivekaH shreyaaniti|| kAvyAnuzAsana, TIkA, pR0-36 178

Page #193
paJcama riDacheda : jainakumArasambhava me rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa/ alaGkAra mahodadhi, 6/1 vahI, 6/1 vRtti 58. vahI, pR0-187 zleSaH prasAdaH samatA samAdhiH mAdhuryojaH pada saukumAryam arthasya ca vyaktirudAhRtA ca kAntizca kAvyasya guNA dsheteH|| nATyazAstra, 17/96 kAvyAdarza 1/41 kAvyAlaGkAra sUtra 3/1/4 jainAcAryoM kA kAvyAlaGkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR0-189 kAvyaprakAza-8/72 agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga, 10/5-6, 12/18-19 sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa, 1/60-65 kAvyAnuzAsana,4/1 viveka vRtti candrAloka 4/12 vAgbhaTAlaGkAra, 3/2 pdaanaamrthcaarutvprtyaaykpdaantraiH| militAnAM yadAdhAnaM tadaudArya smRtaM ythaa|| vahI,3/3 vAgbhaTAlaGkAra, 3/4 vandhasya yadavaiSamyaM samatA socyate budhaiH| yadujjavalatvaM tasyaiva sA kAntiruditA ythaa| vahI, 3/5 vahI, 3/6 73. 74. vAgbhaTAlaGkAra, 3/7 75. yadyajJeyatvamarthasya sArtha vyaktiH smRtA ythaa| vahI, 3/8 kA pUrvArddha

Page #194
paJcama, parida : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alavAra, guNa evaM doSa/ 76. vahI, 3/8 kA uttarArddha 77. jhaTityarthApakatvaM yatprasaktiH socyate budhaiH| vAgbhaTAlaGkAra, 3/10 kA uttarArddha vahI, 3/10 kA uttarArddha 79 sa samAdhiryadanyasya guNo'nyatra niveshyte| vahI, 3/11 kA pUrvArddha vahI, 3/11 kA uttarArddha zleSo yatra padAni syuH syutAnIva prsprm| ojaH samAsabhUyastvaM tdgdyessvtisundrm|| vahI, 3/12 82. vahI, 3/13 83. vahI, 3/14 sarasArthapadatvaM yttnmaadhurymudaahRtm| aniSThurAkSaratvaM yatsaukumAryamidaM ythaa| vahI, 3/15 vAgbhaTAlaGkAra, 3/16 vahI, 3/17 mAdhuryojaH prasAdAstrayo gunnaaH| kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/1 oja prasAda madhurimApaH sAmyamaudAyaM ca pNcetypre| tathA hi yadadarzitavicchedaM paThatAmojaH vicchidya padAni paThatAM prasAdaH, ArohAvarohataraMgiNi pAThe mAdhuryam, sazoSThavameva sthAnaM paThatAMmaudAryam anuccanIcaM paThatAM saamymiti| tadidamalIkaM klpnaatntrm| yadviSamavibhAgena pAThaniyamaH sa kathaM guNa nimittmiti|, kAvyAlaGkAra-4/1 TIkA 89. chando vizeSa nivezyA gunnsNpttiritikecit| tthaahi| sragdharAdiSvojaH- vahI, 4/1 viveka TIkA 90. vahI, vRtti, pR0-274 91. druti hetu mAdhurya zRGgAre- kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/2 180

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paJcama ahileda: jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa evaM doSa ES 92. drutiradritA galitatvamiva cetsH| zRGgAre'rthAtsayoge zRGgArasya ca ye hAsyAdbhutAdayo rasA aMgAni teSAmapi mAdhurya gunnH| kAvyAnuzAsana vRtti, pR0-289 93. zAntakaruNavipralambheSu sAtizayama- kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/3 94. AhlAdakatvaM mAdhuryaM zRGgAre druti kAraNam- kAvyaprakAza, 8/68 kA uttarArddha 95. vahI, 8/69 kA purvArddha 96. tantra nijAntyAkrAntA aTavargA vargA zvAntaritau raNAvasamAsomRduracanA ca- kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/4 97. tulanIyaH mUrdhni vargAntyagAH sparzA aTavargA raNau lghuu| avRttirmadhya vRttirvA mAdhurye ghaTanA tthaa|| kA0pra0, 8/74 nijena nijavarga samvandhintyena GaJaNanamalakSaNena zirasyAkrAntA aTavargAH Ta Tha Da Dha rhit| vargA huzvAntaritau ca rephnnkaarau| asamAsa iti samAsabhAvo'pasamAsatA vA mRddhi ca rcnaa| tatra mAdhurye mAdhuryasya vynyjiketyrthH|- kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR0-289 vahI, pR0-289 100. vahI, pR0- 290 101. vahI, pR0-290 102. vahI, pR0-290 103. dIpti heturojo vIra bIbhatsaraudreSu krmennaadhikm| dIpti rujajvalA, cittasya vistAra iti yaavt| krameNeti vIrAd vIbhatse tato'pi raudre teSAmaMge'dbhute ca saatishyyojH| kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/5, pR0-290 104. tulanIya kAvyaprakAza 8/69 va 70 kA purvArddha 105. kA0pra0-8/75 106. AdyatRtIyAkrAntau dvitIya turyoM yukto rephastulyazca Ta varga zaSA vRtti dairdhymuddhtaagumphshcaatr| kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/6 181

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paJcama patilacheda : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa/ - 107. Adyena dvitIyattRtIyena caturtha AkrAnto varNastathAdhaH upari abhayatra vA yena kena citsaMyukto repha stulayazca varNo varNena yuktastayA Ta vargo'rthANNakAra varjaH zaSau c| dIrghaH samAsa kaThorA racanA c| atraujsi| ojaso vynyjiketyrthH| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR0-29 108. vahI, pR0-29 109. kA0pra0, udAharaNa, 350 110. vahI, pR0-291 111. vikAsahetuH prasAdaH srvtr| vikAsaH zuSkandhannAgni vatsvacchajala vacca sahasaiva cetasAM vyaaptiH| sarvatreti sarveSu rsessu| kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/7, pR0-291 112. kAvyaprakAza, 8/70 113. iha zrutimAtreNArtha pratyAyakA varNavRtti gumphaaH| zratyaivArthapratItihetavo varga samAsa rcnaaH| kAvyAnuzAsana,4/8, pR0-291 114. vahI, pR0- 192 115. vahI, pR0- 192 AcArya vizvezvara kAvyaprakAza, pR0-405 117. vaktRvAcyaprabandhaucityAddharvAdInAmanyathAtvamapi- kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/9 118. vahI, pR0- 292 119. vahI, pR0- 293 120. vahI, pR0- 292-294 121 guNAMzcAnye jaguH zabdagatAn dshaarthgaan| mAdhuryojaH prasAdAstu sammatAstraya eva nH|| alaGkAra mahodadhi-6/3 122. alaGkAra mahodadhi- pR0-190-91 123. vahI, pR0- 194-95 182

Page #197
124. vahI, pR0 195 - 125. vahI, 7/15-28 daNDivAmanavAgbhaTAdipraNItA dazakAvyaguNAH / vayaM tu mAdhuryoja: prasAda lakSaNAM strIneva guNAnmanyAmahe / zeSAsteSvevAntarbhavanti / kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa TIkA, pR0-39 126 paJcama vRdi : jainakumArasambhava meM rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa 127 kAvyAlaGkAra- 4/2-7 128. vahI, 4/8 129. 130. jai0ku0saM0- 5/61 131. vahI, 5/63 132. vahI, 5/81 133. vahI, 3/5 134. vahI, 3/7 135. vahI, 3/21 136. nATyazAstra - 17/88 137. kAvyAlaGkAra, 1/37 138. vahI, 1/47 139. vahI, 2/39-40 140. vahI, 4/1-2 141. kAvyAdarza, 3 / 125-126 142. jainAcAryoM kA alaGkAra zAstra meM yogadAna, pR0 - 146 kAvyAlaGkArasAra- 4/9 143. kA0pra0, pR0 - 268 144. jai0ku0saM0, 1/30 | 183

Page #198
paJcamapadi : jainakumArasambhava me rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, guNa evaM doSa 145. vahI, 1/56 146. vahI, 6/67 147. vahI, 6/73 148. vahI, 8/3 149. kA0pra0, pR0- 271 150. jai0ku0saM0, 5/39 151. vahI, 1/4 152. kA0pra0, pR0-357 143. jai0ku0saM0, 5/5 144. jai0ku0saM0- 1/30 145. vahI 1/56 - 146. vahI 6 / 67 147. vahI - 6 / 73 148. vahI 8/3 - kAvyaprakAza pR0 271 149. 150. jai0ku0saM0 5/39 151 . vahI - 9/4 152. kAvyaprakAza pR0 357 153. jai0ku0saM0 5/5 184

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SaSTha adhyAya jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA

Page #200
jainakumArasambhava ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke antargata bhASA, zailI, bhAvAbhivyakti kI anUThI kalpanA Adi kA prakAzana abhISTa hai| (ka) bhASA kI dRSTi se samIkSA bhASA vaha mAdhyama hai, jisakI sahAyatA se vyakti apane Antarika vicAroM kI AbhanbhAvita karatA hai tAtparma yaha hai ki bhASA abhivyakti kA eka mAtra sAdhana hai bhASA kI saphalatA usake zabda cayana para AdhArita hai saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki thor3e zabdoM meM adhika gambhIra artho ko grahaNa karane vAlI bhASA hI saphala bhASA hai| mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri ne jainakumArasambhava meM RSabhadeva ke vAkkauzala prasaGga meM bhASA ke guNoM ke viSaya meM spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| svAdutAM mRdulatAmudAratAM, srvbhaavpttutaamkuutttaam| zaMsitu tava giraH samaM vidhiH, kiM vyadhAnna rasanAgaNaM mm||' zrI jayazekhara sUri ke anusAra bhASA kI saphalatA usakI svAdutA, mRdulatA, sarvabhAvapaTutA, arthAt samarthatA, udAratA tathA akUTatA athavA spaSTatA para Azrita hai aura kavi ne bhASA ke prayoga meM apane uparyukta matoM kA adhikAMzataH nirvAha kiyA hai| yadyapi jainakumArasambhava, mahAkAvyoM kI hAsakAlIna racanAoM meM eka hai phira bhI isakI bhASA mahAkavi mAgha tathA zrI harSa kI bhASA kI bhA~ti

Page #201
SaSTha pahiloda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA kaSTasAdhya evaM duruha nahI haiN| jayazekhara sUri ne bhASA ke sambandha meM hemacandra, vAgbhaTTa Adi jainAcAryo ke bhASA vidhAnoM kA ullaMghana karake, jainakumArasambhava meM citrabandha kI yojanA na kara surucipUrNa lalita bhASA kA prayoga kiyA isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA udAtta evaM praur3ha hai aura bhASA kI yaha udAttatA aura usakI praur3hatA hI jainakumArasambhava kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| kAvya meM bahudhA prasAdaguNa aura bhAvAnukUla padAvalI prayukta huI hai| prasaMgAnusAra bhASA kA vyavahAra jayazekhara sUri ke bhASAdhikAra kA dyotaka hai| jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA ke pariSkAra tathA saundarya kA zreya mukhyataH anuprAsa aura gauNataH yamaka alaMkAra kI vivekapUrNa saMyata-yojanA ko hai| kAvya meM jisa koTi ke anuprAsa tathA yamaka alaMkAra prayukta hue hai usase bhASA meM mAdhurya tathA manorama jhaMkRti utpanna huI hai| __ indra dvArA vivAha kI svIkRti ke lie vinaya prasaMga meM anuprAsa evaM yamaka kI chaTA draSTavya hai zaThau sametau dRDhasaravyametau, tAruNyamArau kRtlokmaarau| bhettuM yattenAM mama jAtu citta-durgaM mahAtmanniti maasmmNsyaaH|| mayA dRzA pazyasi deva rAmA, imaamnobhuutrvaaridhaaraaH| tAM pRccha pRthvIdharavaMzavRddhau, naitAH kimNbhodhrvaaridhaaraa| jo strI samartha hote hue bhI apane pati ke prati dAsI kA bhAva 186

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baLa, : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, rakhatI hai, vAstavika rUpa meM vahI strI kahalAne kI adhikAriNI hai| zeSa striyA~ to khUna cUsane vAle joka kI taraha hai| tathA RSabha kI svIkRti - prApti ke lie uparyukta vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karatA hai| jayazekhara ne kAvyazAstra meM mAnya prasAda, mAdhurya tathA ojaguNoM kA yathAsthAna sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| ataeva jainakumArasambhava meM ye tInoM guNa vidyamAna hai| isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA prAJjala hai / ataH isake aneka prasaMgoM meM prasAda guNa sampanna vaidarbhI rIti kA prayoga dikhAI par3atA hai| vizeSakara sumaMgalA ke vAsagRha kA varNana tathA paJcama sarga meM vara-vadhU ko diye gaye upadeza prasAdguNa kI sarasatA tathA svAbhAvikatA se paripUrNa hai| ina donoM prakaraNoM kI bhASA sahaja hai ataH vaha tatkAla hRdayaMgama ho jAtI hai / vivAhottara 'zikSA' kA yaha aMza isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai " antareNa paruSaM nahi nArI, tAM vinA na puruSo'pi vibhAti / pAdapena rucimaJcati zAkhA, zAkhayaiva sakalaH kila so'pi / yA prabhuSNurapi bhartari dAsI - bhAvamAvahati sA khalu kAntA / kopapaGkakaluSA nRSu zeSA, yoSitaH ksstjshossjluukaaH|| mRdulatA tathA sahajatA bhASA ke mAdhurya kI sRSTi karate hai| tRtIya sarga meM indra RSabhadeva saMvAda meM mAdhurya kI manorama chaTA darzanIya hai| vItarAga RSabhadeva ko vivAhArtha prerita karane vAlI indra kI yuktiyAM isa prakAra hai 187

Page #203
SaSTha. sarida : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA jaDAzayA gA iva gocareSu, prjaanijaacaarprmpraasu| pravartayannakSatadaMDazAlI, bhaviSyasi tvaM svayameva gopH||| kalAH samaM zilpa kulena deva, tvadeva labdhaprabhavA jgtyaam| kvano bhaviSyantyupakArazIlAH, zailAtsaratnA iva nirjhrinnyH||" kiM zaMkaro dAraparigraheNa, virAgatAM nirvRtinaayikaayaaH| prabhuH prabhute'pyavarodhane syAnAgaH padaM lumpati na kramaM cet|| aura indra dvArA paJcama sarga meM vara RSabhadeva ko diyA gayA yaha upadeza zravaNIya hai muktiricchati yadujjhitadAraM strI striyaM nahi saheta sa hetuH| kAmayanta itare tu mahelAyuktameva puruSaM purussaarthaaH|| tathA isI paJcama sarga meM indra kI patnI zacI dvArA sumaMgalA ko diyA gayA yaha upadeza dhyAtavya hai mAsma tapyata tapaH paritakSIn, mA tnuumtnubhirvtkssttaiH| iSTasiddhimiha bindati yoSi (180

Page #204
SaSThayada: jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, ccenna lumpati pativratamekam / / 10 ye sabhI prasaGga mAdhurya guNa se ota-prota hai| kintu jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA sarvatra saralatA evaM sahajatA se hI paripUrNa nahIM hai| jayazekhara sUri kI bhASA vahuzrutatA ko vyakta karatI hai| jayazekhara ne apane zabdazAstra ke pANDitya ko pratiSThita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kAvya meM prayukta durlabha zabda, luGga" karmaNi liTara, kvasu, kAnaca, sanaNmula Adi pratyayoM kA sAgraha prayoga pANDitya pradarzana kI pravRtti ko dyotita karatA hai| karmaNi luG ke prati to kavi kA aisA pakSapAta hai ki usane apane kAvya meM Adyanta usakA prayoga kiyA hai jisase yatra-tatra bhASA vojhila ho gayI hai| yadyapi vidvatA pradarzana kI unakI yaha pravRtti maryAdita hai| isa saMyama ke kAraNa hI jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA meM sahajatA tathA pror3hatA kA manorama mizraNa hai| isa mahAkAvya ke kucha varNanoM meM bhale hI yathArthatA kA abhAva ho kintu yaha kRti prAyaH mAdhurya kI manorama chaTA bikheratI hai| sumaMgalA ke vAsagRha varNana tathA aSTApada parvata varNana meM kavi ne do zailiyoM ke pratIka prathama meM sahajatA kA lAlitya aura dvitIya meM praur3hatA kI pratiSThA kara apane kAlpanika varNana kI madhuratA ko isa prakAra darzAyA hai "yanna nIlAmalollocA - muktA muktaaphlsrjH| bhurnabhastalAdhAra - tArakA lakSakakSayA / / 14 189

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SaSTha hinda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, sauvarNyaH putrikA yatra ratnastambheSu rejire| adhyetumAgatA lIlAM devyA devAGganA iv||15 "yanmaNikSoNisaMkrAnta-minduM kndukshngkyaa| Aditsavo bhagnanaravA na vAlAH kmjiihsn||" "vyAlambimAlamAstIrNa-kusumAli smnttH| yadadRzyata puSpAstra-zastrAgAradhiyA jnaiH|| 17 dvitIya sarga aSTApada varNana draSTavya hai "pratikSipaM candramarIcirecitAmRtAMzukAntAmRta pUra jiivnaa| vanAvalI yatra na jAtu zItagoH, pidhaanmaicchnmlincchviNdhnm|| 18 "patanti ye vAlakheH prage karA yadullasadbharika dhaatusaanussu| kriyeta taireva visRtya cApalAdilAkhilA gairikaraMgiNI na kim||"19 ina uddharaNoM meM bhASA kI praur3hatA tathA zailI kI gambhIratA usake svarUpa ko vyakta karane meM sahAyaka siddha huI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki jainakumArasambhava meM mahAkavi kA zabda cayana tathA zabda gupphana unakI paryavekSaNa zakti tathA varNana-kauzala sabhI kucha prazaMsanIya hai| kavi pratyeka prasaMga ko yathocita vAtAvaraNa meM usakI samasta vizeSatAoM ke sAtha varNana karane meM

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SaSTha, masicheda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA samartha hai| bhASA sambandhI upayukta vivecanoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa sahaja hI prApta hotA hai ki isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA praur3ha aura surucipUrNa varNanoM dvArA use sazakta evaM udAtta rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| kintu isamahAkAvya meM doSa pUrNa bhASA, dezI zabdoM kA prayoga evaM kahIM-kahIM bhASA kI duruhatA spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| (kha) bhAva ke AdhAra para samIkSA kAvya meM bhASA kA mahattva sarvAtizAyI hai, kintu bhAvoM ke abhAva meM bhASA duruha evaM kaSTa sAdhya ho jAtI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bhAvAbhivyakti dvArA bhASA saundarya ko prApta karatI hai| kAvya meM nihita bhAva usakI sthAyI sampatti hai aura kavi vibhinna pAtroM ke carita-citraNa ko bhAvoM dvArA vyakta karatA hai| manuSya kI cittavRtti kaisI hotI hai? aura vaha usa avasthA meM kyA karatA hai? isa viSayoM kA pragAr3ha jJAna hI kavi kI saphalatA kA dyotaka hai| isa mahAkAvya meM nihita bhAva-saundarya- jainakumArasambhava meM nihita bhAvoM ke prakAza meM kavi jayazekhara sUri kI bhAva pravalatA nimna prakAra se varNita hai| kAvya ke nAyaka RSabhadeva viSNu kI taraha apanI priyA ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue zayana kara rahe haiM vivAha dIkSA vidhi vidvadhUbhyAM, kRtvA sakhIbhyAmiva nrmkeliiH| nidrA priyIkRtya sa tatra talpe

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SaSTha, simenTa : jainakumArasammata kI kalApadIya samIkSA ziSye sukhaM zeSa ivaasuraariH||20 aura kAvya kI nAyikA- sumaMgalA ke guNoM kI mahimA kA varNana nimna prakAra se hai gareNa gaurIzagalo mRgeNa, gaurdyutiniilikyaambugaanggm| malena vAsaH kaluSatvameti, zIlaM tu tasyA na kthNcnaapi| arthAta apane pati zaMkara ke gale ke viSa ke kAraNa kaluSita pArvatI aura gande vastrAdi ke dhone se kaluSita gaMgA tumhAre zIla kI samatA nahIM kara sktii| eka aura mAnavIya pAtroM meM daiva-carita kA vidhAna aura dUsarI ora daiva-carita kI utkRSTatA ke bhAvoM kA aMkana kitanA bhAvopeta hai| manuSya kI cittavRtti kA sUkSma citraNa jayazekhara ne RSabhadeva dvArA sumaMgalA ke gauravagAna ke sandarbha meM kiyA hai na ko'dhikotsAhamanA dhanArjane, janeSu ko vA na hi bhoglolupH| kutaH punaH prAktana puNyasampadaM vinA latA vRssttimivessttsiddhyH||2 arthAt dhana kI prApti hetu kauna vyakti utsAhI nahI hotA? bhoga lipsA

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SaSThamazida : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, meM kisa vyakti kI pravRtti nahI hai? manuSya ke bhAvoM kA yaha sUkSma avalokana hai| kavi jayazekhara sUri puruSa ke hRdaya meM utpanna bhAvoM mAtra se hI paricata nahI hai, pratyuta nArI bhAvoM ke udgama sthAna (hRdaya) se bhI pUrNa rUpeNa paricita hai| nArI ke hRdaya ko nizcala koza svIkAra karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki yoSitAM ratiralaM na dukUle nApi hemni na ca sanmaNijAle / antaraMga iha yaH patiraMgaH, so'dasIyahRdi nizcalakozaH / / 23 isa prakAra apane pati ke prati dAsIbhAva ko grahaNa karane vAlI tathA pati ke prati anAsakti bhAva ko dhAraNa karane vAlI striyoM kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai yA prabhuSNurapi bhartari dAsI bhAvamAvahati sA khalu kaantaa| kopapaGkakaluSA nRSu zeSA yoSitaH ksstjshossjluukaaH||24 arthAt samarthavAna hote hue bhI jo strI pati ke prati dAsIbhAva kA dhAraNa karatI hai, vaha bhI patnI hai| zeSa striyAM to khUna cUsane vAlI joMka ke samAna haiN| 193

Page #209
SaSTha adida: jainakumArasambhata kI kalApakSIya samIkSA 1 samIkSA KES devAdhirAja indra dvArA svAmI RSabhadeva kI stuti prasaMga meM, indra kI bhakti bhAva ko pUrNa rUpeNa prakAzita karane meM samartha hai taba hRdi nivasAmItyuktirIze na yogyA mama hRdi nivasatvaM neti netA niymyH| na vibhurubhayathAhaM bhASituM tadyathAha~ mamikurukaruNArhe svAtmanaiva prsaadm||25 arthAt mai Apake hRdaya meM nivAsa karatA hU~, yaha Apa (prabhu) ke yogya nahI hai mere hRdaya meM Apa (prabhu) nivAsa karate hai, aisA ho hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki maiM kSudra hRdaya vAlA hU~ aura Apa vizva (niyamoM ke) koza haiN| isa prakAra dvaya vidhi kahane meM asamartha mujha para he karUNAkara mujhe apanA samajhakara karuNA (dayA) kiijie| isa prakAra jainakumArasambhava manuSya ke Antarika bhAvoM, ko citrita karane meM advitIya hai| (ga) kalpanA ke AdhAra para samIkSA jainakumArasambhava kI kathAvastu atyanta saMkSipta hai, jo do yA tIna sargoM kI sAmagrI hai| kintu kavi isa kAvya ko gyAraha sargo kA mahAkAvya vanA diyA hai| jahA~ taka jainakumArasambhava meM kI gayI kalpanAoM kA prazna hai, kavi jayazekhara sUri isake lie mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke RNI hai, kyoMki unhoMne 194

Page #210
SaSTha, mahilAda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA/ kumArasambhava meM varNita aneka kalpanAoM ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai| kumArasambhava meM kiyA gayA 'himAlaya varNana' kI kalpanA kA anukaraNa karate hue unhoMne ayodhyApurI kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai "astyuttarasyAM dizi kozaleti purI parItA prmrddhilokaiH| nivezayAmAsapuraH priyAyAH svasyA vayasyAmiva yAM dhneshH||"26 "sampannakAmA nayanAbhirAmA, sadaiva jIvatprasavA avAmAH yatrojjhitAnyapramadAvalokA aTTaSTazokA nyavizanta lokaaH||"27 jainakumArasambhava ke isI sarga (prathama) meM RSabhadeva ke janma se yauvana taka kA varNana bhI kumAra sambhava meM pArvatI ke janma se yauvana taka ke varNana se pUrNa prabhAvita hai|8 mAtA marudevI ke garbha meM sthita RSabhadeva kA varNana kavi ne apanI kamanIya kalpanA dvArA isa prakAra kiyA hai yogarbhago'pi vyamucanna divyaM jJAnatrayaM kevlsNvidicchuH| vizeSalAbhaM spRhayannamUlaM svaM saMkaTe'pyujjhati dhiirbuddhiH||29

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SaSTha sakida: jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA putra ko dekhakara mAtA marudevI kI dazA ke citraNa meM kavi kI kalpanA darzanIya haiM azraughaMdabhAvahirudgatena, mAtA namAtA hRdi sNmden| pariplutAkSI tanujaM svajantI, yaM toSadRSTerapi no vibhaay|| RSabhadeva ke netra kamalavat hai| ve itane sundara hai ki lakSmI unakI dAsI bana gayI haiN| prabhu RSabhadeva ke netroM meM hI lakSmI nivAsa karatI hai| prabhu ko dekhakara logoM ke duHkha-dAridraya dUra ho jAte hai| kavi ne apanI isa udAtta kalpanA ko isa prakAra varNita kiyA hai 'padmAni jitvA bihitAsya dRgbhyAM, sadA svadAsI nanu pdmvaasaa| kimanyathA sAvasathAni yAti tatpreritA premjussaamkhedm||31 isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki kavi jayazekhara sUri kalpanA ke lie kAlidAsa para nirbhara haiM kintu jainakumArasambhava kA caudaha svapnavarNana unakI ati viziSTatA hai aura kavi jayazekhara sUri kI yaha apanI nijI kalpanA hai, jise kavi ne isa prakAra varNana kiyA haiM "prathamaM sA lasaddanta- daMDamacchuDamunnatama,

Page #212
SaSTha parisTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA bhUribhArAdbhuvo bhaGga- bhItyeva mRducaarinnm| gaNDazelaparispardhi- kuMbhaM karpUrapANDaram, dviradaM madasaurabhya lubhydbhmrmaiksst|| bhAgyaiH zakunakAmAnA- mivagarjantamUrjitam, zubhraM puNyamivaprAptaM, ctushcrnncaarutaam| sindhurodhakSamaM rodhaH syantaM mRllavalIlayA, sazRGgamivakailAsaM, kakudyantaM dadarza saa|| yugmm|| apyatucchatayA pucchA- ghAtakampitabhUtalam, apyudAradarIkroDa- kriiddtksseddaabhyngkrm| sadyo bhinnebhakuMbhottha- vyaktamuktopahAriNam, hariNAkSI hariM svapna dRSTaM sA vhmnyt|| nidhInakSayya sAraugha- tundilAn sannidhau dadhiH, bhRSAhemnaH svavapuSo, mayukhetaraM ghntii| padmAkaramayIM matvA, netravakrakarAMdhriNA, padmavAsA nivAsArtha- mivopanamati smtaam|| bhRGgaH saurabhalobhenA- nugataM sevkairiv| tanvyA doH pArAvat puNya-bhAjAM knntthgrhocitm|| "prahitaM prAbhRtaM pAri- jAtenaiva jagatpriyam, asarma kausuma dAma, jajJe tnnetrgocrH|32

Page #213
SaSTha pariccheda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA cakorANAM sumanasA- miva prItipradAmRtam, rohiNyA iva yAminyA, hRdayaMgamatAM gtm|| nirviSTi kaumudIsAraM kAmukairiva kairavaiH, Asye vizantaM pIyuSa- mayUkhaM sA niraiksst| kSipan guhAsu zailAnAM- lokAdutsAritaM tamaH, saMkocaM mocitaM padma- vanAd ghUkadRzAM dishn| nyasyan prakAzamAzAsu, tArakebhyo'pakarSitam, svapne'pi smerayAmAsa, tasyA hRtkamalaM rviH| akhaMDa daMDanaddho'pi, na tyajannijacApalam, sahajaM dustyajaM ghoSa-niva kiNkinnikaakknnaiH|| dhvajo rajobhayeneva, vyomanyeva kRtaaspdH| tatprItinartakInATyA- cAryakamvAM vyddNvyt|| straiNena maulinA dhrIye, so'haM sAkSI jgjjnH|| tvaM dhatse'tucchamatsampa- llaMpAkauhRdaye punH|| mukha nystaamvumvujccNcccNcriikrvcchlaat| iti prItikaliM kurva-nniva kuNbhstyaishyt|| amlAnakamalAmoda- mnekkvishbditm| sadvRttapAlinirveza- kssmvisstt'ddmbrm| svarNasphAtiphuradbhagi- vayaM vishvokaarkRt| ibhyAgAramivAtene, kAsAraM tdgutsvm||

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baSTha : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, kvacidvAyuvazoddhRta- vIcInIcIkRtAcalam / udvRttapRSThaiH pAThInaiH kRtadvIpabhramaM kvcit|| 33 pIyamAnodakamaM kvApi, satRSairivavAridaiH / ratnAkaraM kuraMgAkSI, vIkSamANA visiSmiye / / sUryaviMvAdivodbhUtaM, janmasthAnamivAciMSAmcariSNumivaratnAdriM, bhAradiva divshcyutm|| dIvyaddevAGganaM ratna- bhittirugbhiH kSipattamaH / abhUdabhraMkaSaM tasyA, vimAnaM nayanAtithiH / / raktAzmariSTavairdhya sphaTikAnAM gamastibhiH / lambhayantaM nabhazcitra - phalakasya sanAbhitAm / vAdhiMnA duhiturdatta- miva kNdukkelye| ratnarAziM davIyAMsa- mapuNyAnAM dadarza saa|| AdhAradhArarociSNuM, jiSNuM caamiikrtvissaam| ajihnabilasajjvAlA- jimAhutilolupam / / zmazruNeva nu dhRmena, zyAmaM makhabhujAM mukham / dadarza zvasanodbhUta- rociSaM sA virocanam / / uparyukta caudaha svapnoM ko dekhakara sumaMgalA bhayabhIta hotI hai aura ina svapnoM kA phala jAnane ke lie vaha svAmI ke pAsa jAtI hai| asamaya hI apane AvAsa meM sumaMgalA ko dekhakara svAmI RSabhadeva usake Agamana ke saMdarbha meM nAnA kalpanA karate hai 199

Page #215
SaSTha sarikheda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA zlathaM vihAreNa yadantarIya dukUlamAsIt pathi viprkiirnnm| sAyAMtrikeNeva dhanaM niyamya nIvIM tayA tada dRssyaaNvbhuuve|| bhartu pramIlAsukhabhaGgabhItistAmekato lambhayatiSmadhairyam svapnArthazuzrUNakautukaM cAnyatastvarAM strISu kutaH sthirtvm||35 svapnopalabdhe mayi mAradUnA riraMsayA vA kimupaagtaasi| prAyo'valAsu pravalatvameti, kndrpviirovipriitvRttiH||26 isI prakAra nidrA aura prakRti kI tulanA karate hue RSabhadeva kahate ekAtmano! parimuJcatI mAM, su svapnasarvasvamadattaM tubhym| nidrA nanu strIprakRtiH karoti, ko vA svjaataunhipksspaatm||37 Age ke varNanoM meM kavi apanI udAtta kalpanAzakti kA paricaya diyA 200

Page #216
SaSTha patiracheda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA svAmI RSabhadeva dvArA sumaMgalA ke svapnoM ke kathana meM kavi ne udAtta kalpanA kiyA hai- jaisA ki RSabhadeva dvArA svapna phaloM ke kathana meM dRSTigata hotA hai diganta dezAntarasA jigISayA, 'bhiSeNayipyantamavetya te'nggjm| prahIyate sma prathamaM dizAM gajaH priye kimairAvata eSa sNdhye||38 yadakSatazrIvRSabho nirIkSataH, kSitau caturbhizcaraNaiH prtisstthitH| mahArathAosaratAM gatastata, stavAGgabhUrvIradhurAM dhrissyti||39 dvipadviSo vIkSaNato'vanIgatA Ggino mRgIkRtya mahAvalAnapi na netRtAmApsyati na tvadaGgajaH, prghorsstoN'trdhvnynmhiibhRtH|| yandirA sundari vIkSitA tataH striyo nadInaprabhavA avaapsyti| kalAbhRdiSTaH kamalaMgatAH paraH 201

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SaSTha atisAda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA zatAsyaivopamitAH sutstv|| svasaurabhAkarSitaSaTapadAdhvagA sragAluloke yadi kausumiitvyaa| tataH sutaste nijakIrti saurabhAvalIr3havizvatritayo bhvissyti|| yadindurApIyata pArvaNastvayA, tataH suvRtto rjniighncchviH| sadA dadAnaH kumude zriyaM kalAkalApavAMste tanayo bhvissyti|| dizan vikAzaM guNasadmapadminI mukhAravindeSu sadA sugandhiSu niruddhadoSodayamAtmajastava, prapatsyate dhAma rvervekssnnaat|| dhvajAvaloddayito tavAGgajo, rajobhiraspRSTavapuH kusnggjaiH| gamI guNADhayaH ziraso'vataMsatAM kule vizAle vipulkssnnspRshi|| sumaGgajAGgIbhavitu tavaddhaye, visoDhavAn kaaruupdaahtiirm|

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SaSTha, mADida : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA viveza vahAvanubhUya bhUyasI, zcirAya dNddaanvitckrcaalnaaH||6 sara: sarojAkSi yadaikSi tena te, sutaH satoSaiH skyobhiraashritH| praphullapopagato ghanAgamau, rasaM rasaM dhAsyati saadhupaaliyuk|| nibhAlanAnnIranidheradhIzvaraH, sarasvatInAM rspuurtisNspRshaam| alabdhamadhyo'rthibhirAzrito ghanaiH, sutastavAtyeSyati na svdhaarnnaam|| priye vimAnena gatena gocaraM samIyuSA bhogasamaM smucchrym| udAravRndArakavallabhazriyA bhavadbhuvA bhaavymdbhrvedinaa|| vilokite ratnagaNe sa te sutaH, sthitau dadhAnaH kila kaanycnaucitim| udaMzumatrAsamupAsya vigraha, mahImahendrairmahito bhvissyti|| sphuranmahAH prAjyarasopabhogato, 203

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SaSTha pahicheda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA gato na jaaddyNdyutihetuhetibhRt| tava jvaladvahvivilokanAtsuto, dviSaH pataGganiva dhakSyati kssnnaat|| uparyukta svapna vivecana meM nihita jayazekhara kI kalpanA kI udAttatA kA spaSTa darzana hotA hai| jo na kevala kalpanA kI dRSTi se apitu jIvana meM svapnoM ke mahattvoM ko bhI nirdhArita karatA hai| (gha) paramparA ke AdhAra svarUpa mahAkAvya kI samIkSA vizva ke pratyeka mahAkAvya meM paramparAoM kA ullekha milatA hai tathA isa sandarbha meM pratyeka mahAkavi ne apane-apane mahAkAvyoM meM paramparAoM yathA lokasvabhAva, sAmAjika jIvana tathA dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke varNanoM kI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| jainakumArasambhava zrI jayazekhara sUri ne bhI apane mahAkAvya meM paramparAoM kA manorama varNana kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM paramparAoM kA isa prakAra ullekha draSTavya hai| isa mahAkAvya meM nAyaka kA caritra paramparAgata hai| RSabhadeva ke caritra ke sandarbha meM jo zloka pramANa svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai usase usa samaya ke zAsakoM kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM kA patA calatA haiN| sa eva devaH sa guruH sa tIrthaM sa maGgalaM saiSa sakhA sa taatH| 204

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baSTha : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, sa prANitaM saprabhUrityupAsA, mAse janaistadbhatasarvakRtyaiH // 2 aura vaha kevala AdarzavAdI rAjA hI nahI apitu prajApAlaka, vijJAna kA jJAtA tathA usakA dhAraNakartA bhI hai pAtustrilokaM viduSastrikAlaM trijJAnatejo dadhataH sahottham / svAminnate'vaibhi kimapyalakSyaM praznastvayaM snehalataikahetuH / / 53 aisA AdarzavAna rAjA hI apanI prajA ko Adarza mArga para calane kI zikSA de sakatA hai jaDAzayA gA iva gocareSu prajAnijAcAraparamparAsu pravartayannakSatadaMDazAlI, bhaviSyasi tvaM svayameva gopaH / / 54 uparyukta varNanoM se spaSTa hai ki rAjA aura prajA donoM hI caritravAna the| yaha Adarzacarita mahAkavi vAlmIki se prabhAvita lagatA hai| kavi ne usa samaya ke logoM kI sampannatA ko ayodhyA nagarI ke varNana prasaMga meM isa prakAra kiyA hai saMpannakAmA nayanAbhirAmAH, 205

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SaSTha sikoTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA sadaiva jIvatprasavA avaamaaH| yatrojjhitAnyapramadAvalokA, adRSTazokA nyavizanta lokaaH|55 arthAt janatA sukhI evaM zoka rahita thii| sumaMgalA ke AvAsa varNana ke prasaMga meM usa samaya kI sampannatA kA punaH darzana ho jAtA hai yatra nIlAmalollocA - muktA muktaaphlsrjH| vabhurnabhastalAdhAra - taarkaalksskkssyaa||56 sauvarNya: putrikA yatra, ratnastambheSu rejire| adhyetumAgatA lIlAM, devyA devAGganA iv|| yanmaNikSoNisaMkrAnta - minduM kndukshngkyaa| Aditsavo bhagnanakhA, na vAlmaH kmjiihsn||57 vyAlambimAlamAstIrNa - kusumAli smnttH| yadadRzyata puSpAstra - zastrAgAradhiyA jnaiH|| svAmI RSabhadeva ke vivAha meM jAte hue, priyatam kA sparza pAkara kisI devAGganA kI maithunecchA ekAeka jAgRta ho jAtI hai| bhAvocchavAsa se usakI kaMcukI TUTa gyii| vaha kAmavega ke kAraNa asahAya ho gayI phalasvarUpa vaha priyatama kI cATukAritA ke lie juTa gayI 206

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SaSTha aliloda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, upAntapANistridazena vallabhA, zramAkulAkAcidudaMcikaMcukA vRSasya yA cATuzatAni tanvatI jagAma tasyaiva gatasya vighntaam||58 navavivAhita RSabhadeva ko dekhane ke utsuka pura-nAriyoM kI nIvI daur3ane ke kAraNa khula gyii| usakA adhovastra nIce khisaka gyaa| para use isakA bhAna nahIM huaa| vaha RSabhadeva ko dekhane ke lie atyanta adhIratA se daur3atI gayI aura usI mudrA meM jana samudAya se jA milI kApi nArdhayamitazlathanIvI, prakSarannivasanApi lljje| nAyakAnananivezitanetre, janya lokanikare'pi smetaa||59 vara ko dekhane kI utsukatA meM striyoM kI dazAoM kA varNana karate hue kavi ne tatkAlIna samAja kA citra aMkita kiyA hai| usa samaya ke vadhuoM kA citraNa karate hue kavi likhatA hai zaizavAvadhi vadhUdvayadRSTayo, zcApalaM ydbhvngghrpohm| tatsamagramupabharturvililye, 'dhyApakAntika ivaantissdiiym||60 sumaMgalA aura sunandA kI dRSTi kI caMcalatA pati ke sAmane isa prakAra 1207 //

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SaSTha sahida : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA vilIna ho gayI, jisa prakAra adhyApaka ke sAmane chAtra kI caMcalatA, meM kavi ne lajjoM kI sthApanA kara nAriyoM ke svabhAva kA manorama citra upasthita kiyA hai aura isI prakAra puruSoM ke caritra-citraNa meM inakA varNana isa prakAra tanoSi tatteSu na kiM prasAdaM, na sAMyugInAyadamItvayIzA syAdyatra zakteravakAzanAzaH, zrIyeta zurairapi tatra saam||69 prabhu RSabhadeva ke lie vaiSayika sukha viSatulya haiM, vaha avakramita' se kAma meM pravRtta hote hai aura ucita upacAroM se viSayoM ko bhogate haiM "trirAtramevaM bhagavAnatItyA niruddhpitraanupruuddhcittH| tatastRtIye'pipumarthasAre, prAvartatAvakramatiH krmjnyH||62 bhogAIkarma dhruvavedyamanya janmArjitaM svaM sa vibhuvivudhy| muktayekakAmo'pyucitopacArai rabhuGkta tAbhyAM vissyaansktH||63 uparyukta vivecanoM se spaSTa hai ki jayazekhara sUri ke kAla meM samAja meM dharma, karma ke prati niSThA thii| logoM kA jIvana Adarzamaya thA aura loga saMyamita jIvana vyatIta karate the| yaha varNana kumArasambhava ke vibhinna varNanoM se prabhAvita hai| 208

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SaSTha purida : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA saMdarbha : jaina kumAra sambhava-10/6 vahI, 3/16 vahI, 3/19 vahI, 5/61 vahI, 5/81 vahI, 3/5 vahI, 3/6 vahI, 3/21 vahI, 5/62 __ vahI, 5/77 1. vahI, laGga- upasiSTISTatAm-2/67, saMgasISTa-3/63, ajoSiSTa-3/35, nyadikSata-3/40, mAyAsiSam-8/31 karmaNi liT- vaivadhikI vabhUve-3/52, phalaMjage-4/25, zabdaupatasthai-6/63, svapnaivabhUvai 8/40 // pratyaya-tisasyApAyiSu-6/22, jaganyAna-8/47, zravaH pllvshrm-10/14|| jai0 ku0 saM0-73 vahI, 7/4 vahI, 77 vahI, 78 vahI, 2/34 vahI, 2/36

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SaSTha, manirapeTa : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA, 20. vahI, 6/24 vahI, 6/38 vahI, 9/10 vahI, 5/63 vahI, 5/81 vahI, 2/72 vahI, 1/1 vahI, 1/2 vahI, 1/29-48 __ vahI, 1/18 vahI, 1/26 vahI, 1/57 vahI, 7/24-32 vahI, 7/33-44 vahI, 84 35. vahI.8/5 vahI, 8/15 vahI, 8/52 vahI, 9/34 vahI, 9/35 ___ vahI, 9/38 41. vahI, 9/41 210

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SaSTha parimoda : jainakumArasambhava kI kalApakSIya samIkSA/ vahI, 9/44 43. vahI, 9/47 9/50 9/53 9/57 vahI, 9/59 9/62 vahI, 9/65 0. vahI, 9/69 vahI, 9/72 vahI, 1/73 vahI, 819 vahI, 3/5 vahI, 1/2 vahI, 7/3-4 vahI, 7/7-8 vahI, 4/10 vahI, 5/39 vahI, 4478 vahI, 3/15 vahI, 6/25 vahI, 6/26 63. 211

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saptam adhyAya zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana

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ina mahAkAvyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pUrva inakI mUla pravRtti arthAt jaina mahAkAvya evaM saMskRta mahAkAvya ke viSaya meM saMkSipta ullekha Avazyaka hai| jaina mahAkAvya evaM saMskRta mahAkAvya kI samAnatAeM - (1) jaina mahAkAvya tathA saMskRta mahAkAvya kI prakriyA lagabhaga samAna hai| (2) donoM hI kavi prAkRtika dRzyoM se prabhAvita hokara apanI bhAvabhaMgimA abhivyakta karate hai-- nadI, parvata, sarovara, sUrya-candra Adi kA aMkana samAna mAtrA meM ubhayatra upalabdha hotA hai| parantu mAnyatA, AdhAra tathA uddezya ko lekara inameM pArthakya bhI hai jo isa prakAra hai (i) saMskRta mahAkAvya varNAzrama kI AdhAra zilA para pratiSThita hai aura vaha dharma ko mAnyatA pradAna karatA hai| jaina mahAkAvyoM meM isa mAnyatA ko kama mahattva diyA gayA hai| saMskRta kAvyoM meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya tathA zUdra ina cAturvarNya se gaThita samAja citrita hai| jaina mahAkAvya ise svIkAra nahIM karate pratyuta muni, ArthikA zrAvaka tathA zrAvikA dvArA gaThita samAja hI unheM mAnya hai| jAtivAda ke lie jaina sAhitya meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| (ii) saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kA nAyaka udAtta - caritra rAjA hotA hai| devatA bhI saMskRta mahAkAvya ke nAyaka ho sakate hai kintu jaina mahAkAvyoM meM jaina dharma ke upadeSTA tIrthaMkara puNya-puruSa, dhArmika kAryoM dvArA upakArI

Page #229
saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 kAlidAsa kata kumArasambhava kA talanAtmaka adhyayana saptam asama kAlidAsa vyakti, muni, upakArI puruSa, upakArI vaNika Adi nAyaka ho sakate hai| phalataH kalyANa mArga ke abhyudaya ke nimitta kisI bhI upAdeya guNa kI sattA se yukta koI bhI vyakti jaina mahAkAvya kA nAyaka ho sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina kaviyoM ke lie samAja meM nimna stara kA prANI kathamapi upekSaNIya nahIM hai vastutaH vaha jainadharmI (iii) donoM mahAkAvyoM ke AdhAra meM bhI antara hai| saMskRta mahAkAvya rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA purANoM meM citrita kathA tathA pAtroM ke AdhAra para nirmita kiye gaye hai| jaina mahAkAvya ke AdhAra grantha zramaNa saMskRti ke poSaka grantha hai, jinameM AdipurANa, uttarapurANa tathA harivaMza purANa mukhya hai| jo triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM (24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 balarAma (balabhadra), 9 vAsudeva (nArAyaNa) tathA 9 prati vAsudeva (pratinArAyaNa) kula 63 mahApuruSa ke jIvana-carita kA varNana purANa zailI meM karate hai| - (iv) saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kA uddezya rasonmeSa hotA hai, parantu jaina kavi apane dharma kI abhivRddhi ke lie hI mahAkAvya kI racanA karate hai| vaha tyAga, saMyama tathA ahiMsA ke Adarza kI vyAkhyA ke nimitta upadeza dene se nahIM cuukte| isa prakAra donoM mahAkAvyoM ke uddezya meM kucha pArthakya dRSTigocara hotA hai|

Page #230
saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (v) jaina mahAkAvyoM meM nAyaka ke aneka janmoM kI kathA kA varNana hotA hai, jo nAyaka ke vyaktitva evaM sampUrNatA ko lakSya karake aMkita kiye jAte hai Arambhika kathAnaka meM kAma tathA artha kA bharapUra rocaka citraNa rahatA hai tathA zrotAoM kA sahaja manoraMjana hotA hai, parantu Age calakara kathAnaka kI gati ke sAtha manoraMjana kI gati dhImI par3a jAtI hai| ina mahAkAvyoM kI pariNati zAnta rasa meM hotA hai| zRGgAra, vIra Adi rasoM kA citraNa aMga rasoM ke rUpa meM hI dIkhatA hai| isalie inakA uttarArddha pAThakoM kI dRSTi se pUrvArddha kI apekSA kama AkarSaka tathA nyuna hRdayAvarjaka hotA hai| jaina mahAkAvyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko isa prakAra ullikhita kiyA jA sakatA hai (i) prAyaH sabhI mahAkAvyoM kA prArambha maMgalAcaraNa vastu nirdeza, sajjana durjana carcA, Atma-laghutA, pUrvAcAryoM ke smaraNa se hotA hai aura adhikAMza jainakAvyoM ke anta meM kavi kA paricaya aura usakI guru paramparA kA ullekha milatA hai| (ii) usakA kathAnaka itihAsa purANa, dantakathA, prAcIna mahAkAvya, samasAmayika ghaTanA yA vyakti para AdhRta hai| unakA kathAnaka vyApaka aura susaMgaThita hotA hai| adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM meM pA~ca nATya sandhiyoM kI yojanApUrvaka kathAnaka kA vistAra kiyA jAtA hai| 214

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sAthasAmAna saptam parica redra : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kata kamArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (iii) karmaphala ko batAne ke lie prAya: sabhI mahAkAvyoM meM pUrvabhava kI kathAoM kI yojanA kI gayI hai| (iv) jaina mahAkAvyoM meM kavi samaya-sammata varNya-viSayoM kA vivecana arthAt sandhyA, rAtri, sUryodaya, candrodaya, RtuvarNana, parvata, jala krIDA Adi kA varNana kabhI mUlakathA ke sAtha to kabhI avAntara kathA ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| amaracandra sUri ne to varNya-vastu ke uparNya viSaya batAkara vastu-varNana prasaMga ko aura Age bar3hA diyA hai| (v) jaina mahAkAvyoM meM bhI rasa ko mUla tattva ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| adhikAMza jaina mahAkAvyoM meM zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai tathA anya rasoM ko gauNa rUpa diye gaye hai| (vi) jaina mahAkAvyoM meM AvazyakatAnusAra alaGkAroM kA upayoga huA hai| vaise vAgbhaTa ne alaGkAroM ko mahAkAvya ke pramukha lakSaNoM meM nahIM mAnA hai| (vii) aneka jaina mahAkAvyoM kI bhASA zailI praur3ha hai para adhikAMza paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI bhASA garimApUrNa nahIM hai| usameM prAkRta apabhraMza dezI zabdoM ke mizraNa hai| (viii) jaina mahAkAvyoM kA uddezya vizeSakara dharma phala ko pradarzita karanA hai phira bhI unameM trivarga- dharma, artha aura kAma ke phala kI carcA karake antima phala mokSa batAyA gayA hai| 215

Page #232
saptam ariSada : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kata kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (ka) kathAvastu kI dRSTi se donoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana- AcArya daNDI ne apane mahAkAvya lakSaNa meM mahAkAvyoM kI kathA ko itihAsa se prAdurbhUta honA cAhie aura kathA-vastu ke antargata hI AzI-namaskriyA vastu kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai isI prakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne bhI mahAkAvya ke apane lakSaNa meM mahAkAvya kI kathA ko itihAzrita batAyA hai| dazarUpakakAra dhanaJjaya ne kathA ke saMdarbha meM kucha adhika na kahakara vastu ko AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika' do bheda kiye hai aura punaH AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika kathAvastu kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai| AdhikArika kathAvastu kI paribhASA- 'phala' kA svAmitva kahalAtA hai| usa adhikArI se nivRtta arthAt sampanna kI gayI abhivyApI yA phala paryanta rahane vAlI kathAvastu adhikArI kahalAtI hai| unhoMne prAsaMgika kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai parArtha arthAt dUsare itivRtta AdhikArika yA pradhAna kathAvastu ko siddha karane ke lie upasthita jisa itivRtta kA prasaMgavaza apanA bhI prayojana siddha ho jAtA hai, vaha prAsaMgika AcArya dhanaJjaya ne AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika kathAvastu ke bhedoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne vastu ke do- (1) AdhikArika aura (2) prAsaMgika bheda kiye hai aura prAyaH dhanaJjaya ke vastu bheda kI taraha hI vastu-bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| 216 216

Page #233
saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kumArasambhava kI AdhikArika kathAvastu ke antargata pArvatI janma-vivAha, kAtirkeya ke janma kI kathA, tAraka vadha rakhA jA sakatA hai aura madanadahana, rati-vilApa tathA brahmacArI dvArA pArvatI kI parIkSA kumArasambhava kI prAsaMgika kathAvastu hai| jainakumArasambhava meM sumaGgalA ke garbhAdhAna saMketa "kaumArakelikalanAbhiramuSya pUrva-lakSAH SaDekalavatAMnayataH sukhaabhiH| .. AdyA priyA garabhameNa dRzAmabhISTaM, bhartuH prsaadmvinshvrmaassaad"|| isako AdhikArika tathA indra dvArA RSabhadeva se vivAha hetu kI gayI stuti ko prAsaMgika kathA ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai "tadgehi dharmadrumadohadasya, pANigrahasyApi shrvtvmaadiH| na yugmibhAve tamasIva magnAM mahImupekSasva jgtprdiip"|" kumArasambhava kI kathAvastu carita ke aMkana evaM aitihAsika pAtroM zaMkara pArvatI, kumAra kArtikeya Adi ke citraNa ke kAraNa purANAzrita tathA aitihAsika jainakumArasambhava meM indrAdi devoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai tathApi inheM prabhu rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai isa kAvya ke nAyaka deva nahIM mAnava hai ataH ise paurANika mahAkAvya kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| aitihAsika carito (RSabhadeva, bharata Adi) ke ullekha hone se yaha aitihAsika hai| jainakumArasambhava ke lie RSabhadeva kAvya ke nAyaka nahIM apitu prabhu 217

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24" kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4pAca bhI hai yathA sa eva deva sa guru sa tIrtha sa maGgalaM saiva sakhA sa taatH| sa prANitaM sa prabhurityupAsA mAse janaistadgata srvkRtye|| yahA~ devacarita kA varNana hone ke kAraNa jainakumArasambhava purANAzrita hai| "devi tavamevAsya nidAnamAsse sarge jaganmaGgalagAna hetoH| satyaM tvameveti vicArayasva ratnAkare yujjAyata eva rtnm|| yahA~ (kumArasambhava) bhI devacarita ke varNana se purANAzrita hai ataeva donoM hI mahAkAvyoM kI kathAvastu aitihAsAzrita evaM purANAzrita donoM hai| kintu jisa prakAra kumArasambhava ke prAmANika bhAga prathama ATha sargoM meM kArtikeya kA janma varNita nahIM hai, usI prakAra jainakumArasambhava meM bhI kumAra bharata ke janma kA varNana nahIM hai, kevala sumaGgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se donoM hI mahAkAvyoM ke zIrSaka unake pratipAdya viSayoM para caritArtha nahIM hote| donoM hI mahAkAvyoM kI kathAvastu ati saMkSipta hai| kumAra-sambhava kI kathAvastu jainakumArasambhava kI kathAvastu kI apekSA kucha adhika vistRta hai, parantu utanA nahIM jitanA ki mahAkavi ne apane varNanA zakti ke dvArA ise satraha sargoM kA mahAkAvya banA diyA hai| 218

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saptam paricchedra : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jainakumArasambhava kI kathAvastu ati saMkSipta hai jo do yA tIna sargoM kI sAmagrI mAtra hai yA phira adhika se adhika pA~ca yA chaH sargo kii| chaThe sarga ke bAda kAvya ko zeSa pA~ca sargo meM ghasITA gayA hai| yaha avAMchanIya vistAra yadyapi kavi kI varNanAzakti kI mahattA hai tathApi kathAnaka kI anviti chinna ho gayI hai aura kAvya kA anta atIva Akasmika huA hai| sumaGgalA dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoM kA RSabhadeva dvArA sodAharaNa phala vivecana ke pazcAt indra dvArA usa kathana kI punaH puSTi ekadama vyartha sI lagatI hai| behatara hotA yadi yaha kAvya ATha yA nava sargoM meM pUrA kara diyA gayA hotaa| aise meM yaha kAvya rasikoM ke lie adhika hRdayAvarjaka ho jaataa| jaina mahAkAvyoM tathA saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI mUla pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt aba hama saMskRta sAhitya ke dedIpyamAna nakSatra mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava aura jaina mahAkaviyoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhane vAle zrI jayazekhara sUri kRta jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * vistAra pUrvaka kreNge| jisameM bhASA, zailI, guNa, rIti, vRtti, rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, prakRti varNana ityAdi saMdarbho meM avalokana karanA Avazyaka hogaa| (kha) kavitA-kAminI-kAnta kAlidAsa na kevala saMskRta-vAGmaya ke apitu vizva-vAGmaya ke mukuTAlaGkAra hai unakI kavitA kI samasta vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karate hue jarmana kavi geTe kA vicAra isa prakAra hai "saMskRta sAhitya ke upavana meM kAlidAsa kA samAgama vasanta dUta ke

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, acAna rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai phalasvarUpa upavana kA konA-konA puSpita ho utthaa| usane saMskRta ko vANI dI, naI-naI sAja-sajjAeM, naye bhAva, nayI dizAeM, naye vicAra, nayI-nayI paddhatiyA~ dii| vaha saMskRta kA sabase bar3A kavi aura nATakakAra huA" / 19 mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke sambandha meM geTe ke ina bhAvoM ko vizva-kavi ravIndranAtha Taigora ne ina zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai- svarga aura mRtyu kA jo yaha milana hai, use kAlidAsa ne sahaja hI sampanna kara kiyA hai| unhoMne phUla ko isa sahaja bhAva meM pariNata kara liyA hai, martya kI sImA ko unhoMne isa prakAra svarga se milA diyA hai ki bIca kA vyavahAra kisI ko bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| AcArya paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya ne kAlidAsa kI kavitAoM ke saMdarbha meM apanA vicAra isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai- mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI kavitA devavANI kA zRGgAra hai| mAdhurya kA niveza, prasAda kI snigdhatA, padoM kI sarasa zayyA, artha kA sauSThava, alaGkAroM kA maMjula prayoga kamanIya kAvya ke samasta lakSaNa kAlidAsa kI kavitA meM apanA astitva dhAraNa kiye hue hai| kAlidAsa bhAratIya saMskRta ke pratinidhi kavi hai jinake pAtra bhAratIyatA kI bhavya mUrti hai| jIvana ke vividha paristhitiyoM ke mArmika rUpa ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA, jisa kavi meM vizeSa rUpa se hogI, janatA kA vahI saccA priya kavi hogaa| yadyapi vidvAnoM ke uparyukta kathanoM meM kAlidAsa kI kavitAoM kI samasta vizeSatA pratyakSataH parilakSita hotA hai, tathApi parokSa rUpa se usakA bhASA ke (220

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saptam chedra : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAtha bhI sambandha hai| kAlidAsa kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai| inakI bhASA vyAkaraNa se pariSkRta hai| ye cune hue zabdoM kA prayoga karate hai| kisI bhI bAta ko ghumAphirAkara kahane kI apekSA sIdhe kaha denA unheM adhika priya hai| inake dvArA 'tu' 'hi' 'ca' 'vA' kA prayoga kevala pAdapUrti ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai apitu kumArasambhava meM inakA sArthaka prayoga huA hai| ___ kumArasambhava kA himAlaya varNana bhASA kI dRSTi se atyanta samRddha hai aura isameM bhASA kI praur3hatA parilakSita hotI hai| kapolakaNDuH karibhirvinetuM vighaTTitAnAM srdrumaannaam| yatra stutakSIratayA prasUtaH sAnUna gandhaH surabhI kroti||2 bhASA mAdhurya kI dRSTi se nimna zloka hai madhu dvirephaH kusumaikapAtrepayaupriyAM svaamnuvrtmaanH| zRGgeNa ca sparza nimIlitAkSI mRgImakaNDUyata kRSNa saarH|| uparyukta zloka meM 'ca' pada kA sArthaka prayoga'3 kiyA gayA hai| hi pada kA sArthaka prayoga brahmA dvArA devatAoM se zivamahimA kA kathana zravaNIya sa hi deva paraM jyotistamaH pAre vyvsthitm| paricchinna prabhA varddhinaM mayA na ca vissnnunaa||14 saMskRtAcAryoM ne pramukha rUpa se rItiyA~ tIna prakAra kI mAnate hai- vaidarbhI,

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saptam paricchedra : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, gaur3I tathA paanycaalii| gaur3I rIti samAsa pradhAna hotI hai, isameM bar3e-bar3e samAsa kA prayoga hotA hai| pAJcAlI rIti choTe-choTe samAsoM se yukta hotA hai| oja, mAdhurya aura prasAda kAvya ke tIna guNa hai yadyapi rasoM kA guNoM se pratyakSa sambandha hotA hai tathApi inakA gauNa rUpa se pada-saMghaTanA ke sAtha bhI sambandha hotA hai| kAlidAsa pramukha rUpa se vaidarbhI rIti ke kavi hai| isa rIti meM samAsa prAyaH nahIM hotA aura kAvya par3hate hI usakA artha samajha meM A jAtA hai| yaha rIti prasAda guNa yukta hotI hai| upamA aura arthAntaranyAsa kI vivekapUrNa yojanA se kumArasambhava kI bhASA zrIvRddhi ko prApta karatI hai| 'upamA kAlidAsasya' isIlie kahA gayA hai| yathA teSAMmAvirabhUd brahmA primlaanmukhshriyaam| sarasAM suptapadyAnAM praatrdiidhitimaaniv||5 arthAt tArakAsura ke bhaya se udAsa mukha vAle indrAdi devatAoM ke samakSa, dayA ke sAgara brahmA jI usI prakAra prakaTa hue, jaise prAta:kAla mukulita kamaloM se yukta tAlAboM ke sAmane sUrya kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| arthAntaranyAsa upamA ke pazcAt kAlidAsa kA priya alaGkAra hai, jisake alaGkaraNa se unakI kavitA meM sahajatA evaM saralatA dRSTigata hotI hai divAkarAdrakSati yo guhAsu lInaM divaabhiitmivaa'ndhkaarm| 222

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kSu'pi nUnaM zaraNaM prapanne mamatvamuccaiH zirasAM stiiv||16 sUktiyoM ke vidhAna se bhASA praur3ha, madhura evaM zasakta ho jAtI hai| kumArasambhava sUktisAra saMgraha hai| kucha viziSTa sUktiyA~ isa prakAra hai1. eko hi doSo guNasannipAte nimajjatIndoH kirnnossvivaangkH|11-1.3 kaThinA khalu striyH| -4/5 ku0saM0 3. vRkSavRkSo'pi saMvadhyaM svayaM kssettumsaamprtm| -2/55 4. apyaprasiddhaM yajJe sa hi pusAmananyasAdhAraNameva krm|| -3/19 azocyA hi pituH kanyA sdbhrtRprtipaaditaa| -6/79 strotaM kasya na tuSTaye? -10/9 7. anantapuSpasya maghorhi cUte dvirephamAlA savizeSa snggaa|| -1/27 pUrvokta sarasa sUktiyoM ke kAraNa kAlidAsa kI bhASA prAJjala ho gayI hai tathA sarasa evaM subodha hone ke kAraNa atyanta manohArI ho gayI hai| jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA udAtta evaM praur3ha hai jo kavi kI mukhya vizeSatA hai| isameM adhikAMzataH prasAdapUrva evaM bhAvAnukUla padAvalI prayukta hai tathA prasaMgAnukUla hI bhASA kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| isa mahAkAvya kI sundaratA kA zreya isameM prayukta anuprAsa aura yamaka alaGkAra ke prayoga ko hai| jisase bhASA meM mAdhurya aura manoharatA A gayI hai| kavi ne mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda guNoM kA yathAsthAna sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiye haiN| isakI bhASA 223)

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saptam sccheiTa : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana/ mAna prAJjala hai tathA aneka prasaMgoM meM prasAda guNa yuktA vaidarbhI rIti kA prayoga hai vizeSataH paJcama sarga meN| tRtIya sarga meM indra-RSabhadeva saMvAda mAdhurya guNoM se yukta hai| jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA yadyapi kahIM-kahIM sahaja hai kintu kahIMkahIM vaha kaThina ho gayI hai yahI kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava se antara hai kumArasambhava meM hameM duruhatA ke darzana nahIM hote unakI bhASA kevala prasAda guNa yukta hai kintu jayazekhara sUri kI bhASA tInoM guNoM se yukta hai| inhoMne kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM durlabha zabdoM kA prayoga karake tathA luGga, liT, san, kAnaca, Nmula Adi pratyayoM kA prayoga karake kAvya ko duruha banA diyA hai| kintu itanA hone para bhI jainakumArasambhava meM adhikAMzataH mAdhurya kI chaTA hI dRSTigata hotI hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki jayazekhara sUri kA zabda cayana tathA zabdoM kA gumphana, unakI paryavekSaNa zakti tathA varNana kauzala sabhI prazaMsanIya hai kintu kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava se tulanA karane para patA calatA hai ki yadyapi donoM mahAkaviyoM kI bhASA praur3ha hai tathA donoM ne hI suruci varNanoM dvArA use sazakta evaM udAtta banAyA hai| kintu kumArasambhava ke pramANika aMza (1 se 9 sarga taka) meM doSapUrNa bhASA parilakSita nahIM hotI vahI jainakumArasambhava meM doSapUrNa bhASA dezI zabdoM ke prayoga tathA kahIMkahIM bhASA kI duruhatA spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai| (ga) bhAva saundarya ke AdhAra para vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki 'dIpazikhA' kAlidAsa ko manuSya ke manovijJAna kA pragAr3ha jJAna hai mAnava hRdaya meM sthita bhAva evaM isakI pratikriyA ke vivecana ke

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, - ve sacce pArakhI haiN| kevala puruSa ke hI nahIM apitu nArI bhAvoM ke citraNa meM ve siddhahasta kavi hai| yathA bhagavAna ziva samAdhistha hai, jagadambA pArvatI unakI suzrUSA meM upasthita hai| kAmadeva daivakArya arthAt pArvatI-zaMkara se putra kI prApti hetu apane prabhAva kA vistAra karatA hai usake prabhAva se jagata pitA bhagavAna zaMkara kI dazA kA varNana karate hue kahate hai harastu kinycitpriluptdhairycndrodyaarmbhivaamburaashiH| umA mukhaM vimvaphalAdharoSThe vyApArayAmAsa vilocnaani||" 'jaise candrodaya hone se atyanta gambhIra samudra bhI kSubdha ho uThatA hai, usI prakAra zaMkara jI bhI (kAma ke sammohana nAmaka vANa caDhAne ke kAraNa) kucha adhIra se ho uThe aura vimvAphala ke samAna lAla oTha vAlI pArvatI ke mukha ko apanI tInoM A~khoM se dekhane lge| uparyukta padya meM jahA~ kAma ke prabhAva se prabhAvita ziva ke bhAvoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai, vahIM padArtha arthAt samudra ke parivartita bhAvoM kA bhI sundara varNana huA hai| pArvatI ke parivartita bhAvoM ko kAlidAsa jI isa prakAra vyakta karate hai "vivRNvatI zailasutApi bhAvamaGge: sphuradvAlakadamva klpaiH| 225

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mAma sAcIkRtA cArutareNa tastho mukhena prystvilocnen"||8 (idhara) zaMkara jI kI dRSTi par3ate hI pArvatI kA sampUrNa aGga praphullita kadamba puSpa ke samAna romAMcita ho uThA, jisase unake hRdaya kA (zaMkara ke prati) madhura bhAva chipA na raha skaa| unakI AkheM lajjA se jhuka gaI aura vaha tanika tirachI sI hokara khar3I ho gyii| usa samaya unakA mukha aura bhI sundara lagane lgaa| kisI abhilaSita kI prApti kI AzA meM prasanna vadana honA svAbhAvika hai, kintu hAni ke prati duHkha kA honA kahIM usase kama svAbhAvika nahIM TO ziva ke trinetra se nikalI agni dvArA apane mRta pati ke viyoga meM vilakhatI rati, kAmadeva ke mitra vasanta ke Ate hI atyadhika zokAkula ho jAtI hai rati ke bhAva parivartanoM ke viSaya meM mahAkavi kahate hai "tamavekSya ruroda sAbhRzaM stanasamvAdhamuro jaghAna c| svajanasya hi duHkhamagrato vivRtadvAramivopa jaayte"||9 arthAt vasanta ko dekhate hI rati chAtI pITa-pITa kara aura bhI jora se rone lagI, kyoMki apane sAmane priyajanoM ko dekhakara duHkha kA dvAra ekAeka khula sA par3atA hai| tapovana meM pArvatI tapa meM lIna haiN| chadma-vezadhArI (ziva) brahmacArI unake 226

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saptam hariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prAma Azraya meM praveza karate hai| atithi satkAra ke prati pArvatI kI bhAva pravaNatA ke saMdarbha meM varNana hai tamAtitheyI vahumAnapUrvayA taparyayA pratyudiyAya paarvtii| bhavanti sAmye'pi niviSTacetasAM vapurvizeSvati gauravAH kriyaaH||20 arthAt atithi satkAra meM pravINa pArvatI ne bar3e Adara evaM atyanta zraddhA ke sAtha usa tapasvI kA Age bar3hakara svAgata kiyaa| jo loga apane mana ko bhalIbhA~ti saMyamita kara lete hai ve apane samAna vaya vAle satpuruSoM se milate samaya bhI atyanta Adara kA vyavahAra karate hai| kintu pati nindA ke samaya pArvatI ke parivartita bhAvoM ko kavi isa . prakAra kahatA hai nivAryatAmAli! kimapyayaM vaTuH punarvivakSuH sphuritottraadhrH| na kevalaM yau mahato'pabhASate zRNoti tasmAdapi yaH sa paapbhaak||21 arthAt he sakhI dekho, isa brahmacArI kA adhara phira hila rahA hai, sambhavataH yaha phira kucha kahanA cAhatA hai| ataH ise manA kara do ki aba (yaha) kucha bhI na kaheM kyoMki bar3oM kA nindaka hI pApa kA bhAgI nahIM hotA balki use sunane vAlA bhI pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai| zaMkara jI ke sAtha pArvatI kI zAdI taya ho cukI hai kintu himAlaya ne apanI patnI, ke bhAvoM ko jAnane ke lie usakI ora dekhate hai zailaH sampUrNakAmo'pi menaamukhmudaiksst| 227

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saptam muriccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi adhmAna kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prAyeNa gRhaNInetrAH kanyArtheSu kuttumbinH||2 jisa samaya aMgirA RSi ziva kI mahimA kA varNana kara rahe the, use sunatI huI pArvatI ke bhAva parivartanoM ke saMdarbha meM kAlidAsa kahate haiM evaMvAdini devarSoM pArzve piturdhomukhii| lIlA kamala patrANi gaNayAmAsa paarvtii||23 arthAt pati viSayaka vArtA ko sunakara pArvatI lajjA vaza apane pitA ke pAsa namra mukhI ho lIlA kamala patroM ko gina rahI thii| zivapArvatI kA vivAha taya ho cukA hai| pArvatI kI pati prApti viSayaka unmukhatA kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| idhara pArvatI jI se milane kI utsukatA meM zaMkara jI ke utpanna bhAvoM ke saMdarbha meM kavi kI ukti isa prakAra hai pazupatirapi tAnya hAni kRcchAda gamayadadvisutA smaagmotkH| kamaparavazaM na vipra kuryurvibhumapi taM padamI spRzAnti bhaavaaH|| arthAt himAlaya kI putrI pArvatI se milane kI utsukatA meM mahAdeva jI ne una tIna dinoM ko bar3I kaThinAI se bitaayaa| bhalA jaba sAMsArika bhAva jitendriya bhagavAna zaMkara ko isa prakAra vikala banA sakate hai, to phira dUsarA aisA kauna ho sakatA hai, jo usase adhIra na ho ske| 228

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazerakrasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi -34EMP4 kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana/ pUrvokta varNanoM se spaSTa hai ki kAlidAsa jI bhAvoM ke varNana meM hastasiddha hai aura unakA kumArasambhava bhAvoM kA sAgara hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa se prabhAvita jayazekhara sUri jI bhI apane mahAkAvya meM spaSTa kara diyA hai ki ye bhI puruSa ke bhAvoM kA sUkSma citraNa ke sAtha nArI manobhAvoM kA spaSTa citraNa karate hai yA prabhUSNurapi bhartari dAsI bhAvamAvahati sA khalu kAntA / kopapaMkakaluSA nRSu zeSA yoSitaH kSatajazoSajalUkAH / / 24 arthAt samarthavAna hote hue bhI jo strI pati ke prati dAsI bhAva ko dhAraNa karatI hai vaha hI patnI hai zeSa striyA~ to khUna cUsane vAlI joMka ke samAna hai| puruSa ke manobhAva varNana meM kavi devAdhipa indra dvArA svAmI RSabhadeva kI stuti prasaMga meM indra kI bhaktibhAva ko pUrNa rUpeNa prakAzita karane meM samartha hai tava hRdi nivasAmItyuktirIze na yogyA mama hRdi nivasatvaM neti netA niyamyaH / na vibhurUbhayathAhaM bhASituM tadyathA mayikurukaruNArhe svAtmanaiva prasAdam / / 25 229

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saptam mariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prAma arthAt maiM Apake hRdaya meM nivAsa karatA hU~ yaha Apa (prabhu) ke yogya nahIM hai| mere hRdaya meM Apa (prabhu) nivAsa karate hai, aisA ho hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki maiM kSudra hRdaya vAlA hU~ aura Apa vizva (niyamoM ke) koza hai| isa prakAra dvaya vidhi kahane meM asamartha mujha para he karuNAkara- arthAt mujhe apanA samajhakara karuNA (dayA) kiijie| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki jainakumArasambhavakAra jayazekhara sUri jI bhale hI kumArasambhava kA anukaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiye hai kintu kAlidAsa ke sAmane bhAvAbhivyakti meM nanheM bacce ke samAna parilakSita hote haiN| kalpanAjagata ke antarikSa meM vicaraNa karane vAle kAlidAsa kI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa Adhunika sAhitya samIkSaka kAlidAsa ko 'bhArata kA zeksapIyara' mAnate hai| kAlpanika jagata meM vicaraNa karane kA unakA AdhAra nijI kalpanA ke sAtha-sAtha itihAsa-purANa meM varNita vastu varNana ko parivartita karane kI unakI apAra kAlpanika kSamatA hai| vizvavandha mahAkavi kAlidAsa jI kumArasambhava kI kathA ziva-purANa se grahaNa kiyA hai kintu zivapurANa meM varNita kumAra kArtikeya janma kI kathA apanI kalpanAoM dvArA parivartita kumArasambhava meM jisa prakAra niyojita kiyA hai yaha unhIM ke vaza kI bAta thI, kyoMki isa prakAra karane ko kauna kahe koI kavi soca bhI nahIM sktaa| ziva mahApurANa ke antargata 'kumArakhaNDa' meM kumAra kArtikeya ke janma kI jo kathA upanyasta hai6, usameM parivartana karate hue kAlidAsa kumArasambhava meM isa prakAra varNita kiyA hai

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saptam parirapeTa : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana " TipAla kAlidAsa yugAnta kAlAgnimivAgnimivAviSahyaM * paricyutaM mnmthrnggbhnggaat| ratAntaretaH sa hirnnyretsydhordhvretaastdmoghmaaghaat|| arthAt kAmakrIr3A ke bhaMga hone ke kAraNa apane vIrya ko Upara khIMcane meM samartha zaMkara jI ne saMbhoga ke anta meM nikale hue, pralayakAla kI agni ke samAna asahanIya tathA utpAdana meM acUka vIrya agni ko de diyA aura agni ne indra kI salAha para usa vIrya ko gaMgA jI ko sauMpa diyA gaGgAvAriNi kalyANakAriNi shrmhaarinni| samagno nivRttiM prApa puSpabhAriNi taarinni|| tatra mAhezvaraM dhAma saJcakrAma hvirbhujH| gnggaayaamuttrnggaayaamntstaapvipddhRtiH||28 gaGgAjI meM snAna karane AyI cha: kRttikAoM ke garbha meM vaha vIrya praveza kara gayA aura kRttikAoM ne apane-apane patiyoM ke tathA loka-lAja ke bhaya se use sarapata ke jaMgala meM chor3a diyA, jahA~ vaha vIrya kumAra ke rUpa meM avatarita hokara apane teja se brahma ko bhI cunautI dene lagA jagaccakSuSi caNDAMzI kinycidbhyudyonmukh| jagmuH SaTakRttikA mAghe mAsi snAtuM suraapgaa||9 kRtAnuretaso revastAsAmabhi klevrm| 231

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saptam pusticheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4 amoghaM saJcArAya sadyo gnggaavgaahnaat|| uparyukta varNanoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMsAra ke prAyaH samasta kaviyoM ne vastu varNana meM apanI kalpanA kA upayoga kara use ramaNIya rUpa pradAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai vahI kAlidAsa jI kalpanAoM dvArA kathA meM hI parivartana karane kA advitIya sAhasa karate hue kathA aura usake viSaya vastu ko madhura, manohara aura atIva sundara rUpa meM prastuta kiyA kintu jainakumArasambhava meM kumArasambhava kI kalpanAoM ko yathAvata grahaNa kiyA hai| kumArasambhava meM kiye gaye himAlaya varNana kI kalpanA kA anukaraNa karake ayodhyApurI kA varNana kiyA- astyuttarasyAM dizi kozaleti .... / aura isI prathama sarga meM RSabhadeva ke janma se yovana taka kA varNana bhI kumArasambhava meM pArvatI ke janma se yovana taka ke varNana se prabhAvita hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki jayazekhara sUri jI kalpanA jagata meM kAlidAsa jI se prabhAvita hai kintu unakI eka bhinnatA unakI viziSTatA ko dyotita..karatA haisumaGgalA ke dvArA dekhA gayA 'caudaha svapna varNana' prathamaM sA lasaddanta ....... ityaadi| -7/24-51 uparyukta caudaha svapnoM ko dekhakara sumaGgalA bhayabhIta hotI hai aura ina svapnoM kA phala jAnane ke lie vaha RSabhadeva ke pAsa jAtI hai| apane AvAsa meM sumaGgalA ko asamaya meM Ate hue dekhakara RSabhadeva kI nAnA prakAra kI 232

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saptam (E4T4 : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kalpanA bhI kavi kI sarjanA zakti kI viziSTatA hai ya layaM vihAreNa yadantarIya ityAdi / - 8/4-5 RSabhadeva dvArA svapna phaloM kA kathana bhI kavi kI udAtta kalpanA zakti kA dyotaka hai| ******** (gha) jainakumArasambhava evaM kumAra - sambhava donoM mahAkAvyoM ke nAyaka dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa dhIrodAtta nAyaka haiN| kyoMki jainakumArasambhava meM jayazekhara sUri jI nAyaka ke anivArya guNoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai- dAtA, kulIna, madhurabhASI, vaibhavazAlI tejasvI tathA yogI evaM mokSakAmI aura usakA nAyaka RSabhadeva ina guNoM se sampanna hai| jo dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNa hai| isI prakAra kAlidAsa kA nAyaka kumAra kArtikeya hai| unakA janma hI asurAdhipati tAraka ke AtaMka se devoM kI mukti ke lie huA hai ataH unameM utsAha, zUratA, dRr3hatA, tejasvitA aura buddhimattA Adi guNa pracura mAtrA meM samAhita hai| kumAra kArtikeya ucca kulIna ziva pArvatI ke putra hai| jagattrayInandana eSa vIraH pravIramAtustavanandano'sti / kalyANi kalyANakaraH surANAM tvatto'parasyAH kathameSa sargaH / / 1 ve mahAna tejasvI aura divya zarIra vAle haiM "tAbhistatrAmRtakarakalAkomalaM bhAsamAnaM 233

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saptam muriccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, tadvikSiptaM kssnnmbhinbhogrbhmbhyujjihaanaiH| svaistejobhirdinapatizataspardhamAnairamAnai rvakoH SaDbhiH smarahara gurusprdhyvaajniiv"||2 "athAha devI zazikhaNDamauliM ko'yaM zizurdivyavapuH purstaat| kasyAdhavA dhanyatapasya puMso mAtAsya kA bhAgyavatISu dhurmaa"||3 ve AjJAkArI samasta zAstra evaM zastra vidyAoM ke jJAtA tathA sarvajana priya haiM "zAsanaM pazupateH sakumAraH svIcakAraH zirasAvatena sarvathaiva pitRbhaktiratAnAmeza eva paramaH khalu dhrmH||" iti bahuvidhaM vAlakrIDA vicitra viceSThitaM lalita lalitaM sAndrAnandaM mnohrmaacrn| alabhata parAM buddhi dine navayovanaM sa kila sakalaM zAstraM viveda vibhurythaa||35 azeSa vizva priya darzanena dhuryA tvametena suputrinniinaam| alaM vilabhvyAcalarAjaputri svaputra mutsNgtlenidhehi||36 dayAvAna lajjAzIla aura zraddhAvanataH haiM gatazriyaM veri varAbhibhUtAM dazAM sudInAbhabhito ddhaanaam| nAromavIrAmiva tAmavekSya sa vADhyantaH krunnaapro'bhuut||"

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saptam parisTa : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 bharaNAma kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana utkIrNavAmIkarapaMkajAnAM digdntidaandrvduussitaanaam| hiraNyahaMsavrajavarjitAnAM vidiirnnvaiduurymhaashilaanaam|| AvirbhavadvAlatRNAtriyatAnAM tadIyalIlA gRha diirghikaannaam| sa durdazAM vIkSya virodhi jAtAM viSAdavailakSya bharaM vbhaar||8 pAdau maharSeH kila kazyapasya kulAdi vRddhasya suraasuraannaam| pradakSiNI kRtya kRtAMjaliH sandhabhiH zirobhiH sa ntairvvnde||39 kumAra kArtikeya mahAyoddhA, AtmazlAghA se virata hai na jAmadagnyaH kSamakAlarAtrikRtya kSatriyANAM samarAma vlgti| yena trilokI subhaTena tena kuto'vakAzaH saha vigrhgrhe|| zatru kI prazaMsA karane vAle hai daityAdhirAja bhavatA yadavAdi garvAtatatsarvamapyucitameva tavaiva kintu| draSTAsmi te pravara bAhubalaM variSThaM zastraM gRhANa kuru kaarmukmaattjym||" kumAra kArtikeya ne apanI pratijJA 'tArakAsuravadha' kA pUrNa nirvAha kiyA hai| ataH vaha dRr3ha nizcayI bhI hai zaktayA hRtAsuma surezvaramApatantaM klpaantvaathsbhinnbhivaadribeNgm| 235

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, dRSTavA praruDhapulakAJcitacAdehA devAH prabhodayagamaMstridazendramukhyAH / / 2 ataH kumArasambhava ke nAma kArtikeya, dhIrodAtta Adi guNoM se yukta hai| jayazekharasUri ne apane nAyaka meM saccarita, tyAga Adi Adarza guNoM ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA nAyaka apane uddezya tArakavadha kI prApti ke lie utsAha vIra, dRr3ha nizcayAdi guNoM se yukta hai| (Ga) prakRti nirupaNa kI dRSTi se donoM mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA kAvya zAstriyoM ke mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM meM prakRti citraNa kA ullekha usakI mahattA aura upayogitA kI svIkRti hai| prakRti varNanoM se kAvya saundarya meM abhivRddhi bhI hotI hai| jainakumArasambhava meM kavi ne prakRti kA bhavya varNana kiyA hai aura SaD-RtuoM ke varNanoM meM jayazekhara kA kAvya kauzala spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai 1. vasanta Rtu kA varNana kadApi nAthaM vijihIrSumanta - rvarja rvaNaM vibudhyeva samaM vadhUbhyAma / patraizca puSpaizca tarunazeSA / vibhUSayAmAsa Rtu santaH // 43 236

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. grISma Rtu kA varNana doSonnatirnAsya tamomayISTA, dRSTeti tAmeSa zanaiH pipess| pupoSa caahstdmussypuujaapryaaydaanaadutitdyutiiti|| 3. varSA Rtu kA varNana puSTayarthamIzadhvajataikasadma kakudmataH kiM jalabhRjjalaugheH udItatRSyAmavanIM samaMtAdvitanvatI prAvRDatha prvRttaa|| 4. zarada Rtu kA varNana prasAdayaMtyAMbu payojapujhaM pravodhayantyAvidhumiddhayantyA asyAbhiSekArcanavaktradAsyA, adhikAra'sau shrdoptsthe|| 5. hemanta Rtu kA varNana manAg mukhazrIH paramezvarasya jihIrSitA zvaiH zaradA mdaaddhyaiH| vidhAya mantoH phalamantameSu 237

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana padmeSu bheje prshlturenm|| 6. zizira Rtu kA varNana atha prabhAhrAsakarauM bimocya durdakSiNAzAM shishirturNshum| acIkaradIptikaraM praNantu mivottraarnggmsnggmenm| mahAkavi kAlidAsa prakRti ke pujArI hai| unhoMne kumArasambhava meM yadyapi pratyeka Rtu kA varNana yatra-tatra kiyA hai kintu unakA vasanta Rtu varNana vaijJAnika tathya para AdhArita hai kuveraguptAM dizamuSNarazmau, gantuM pravRtte samayaM vilaMdhyA digdakSiNA gandhavahaM mukhena vyliiknishvaasmivotssrj|| arthAt vasanta ke Agamana ke asamaya meM hI sUrya dakSiNAyana se uttarAyaNa meM A jAtA hai aura dakSiNa dizA meM bahane vAlA malaya pavana aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise- sUrya ke viraha meM vaha lambI-lambI sAseM le rahA ho aura isa Rtu meM jhanajhanAte bichuoM vAlI sundarI ke pAda prahAra ke vinA hI azoka vRkSa tatkAla Upara se nIce taka puSpoM se lada jAtA hai azrUta sadyaH kusumAnyazokaH 238

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana . skandhAtprabhatyeva spllvaani| pAdena pApaikSata sundarINAM smprkmaasijjitnuupurenn|| spaSTa hai ki kAlidAsa kRta vasanta varNana kI yaha jhAMkI jayazekhara kRta SaDa-Rtu kI apekSA gambhIra, maulika tathA atIva sundara hai| jainakumArasambhava ke dasaveM sarga ke. 6 padyoM meM prabhAta varNana prakRti citraNa kI dRSTi se sarvottama aMza hai jayazekhara ne prakRti kI nAnA ceSTA ko apanI pratibhA kI tUlikA se ujAgara kiyA hai lakSmI tathAmvaramathAtmaparicchaM ca munycntmaagmityogmivaastkaamm| dRSTavezamalparuci mujjhati kAminIva taM yAminI prasaramamburuhAkSi pshy|| arthAt candramA ne rAta bhara apanI priyA se ramaNa kiyA hai| isa svacchanda kAma ke lie usakI kAnti malAna ho gayI hai| pratidvandI sUrya ke bhrama se vaha apanA samUcA vaibhava tathA parivAra chor3akara naMgA bhAga gayA hai| usakI niSkAmatA ko dekhakara pazcalI kI taraha yAminI ne use nirdayatA pUrvaka ThukarA diyA hai| use bhAgate dekha sabhI tAre eka-eka karake bujha gaye hai| ve Tika bhI kaise sakate hai, jabaki unakA adhipati candramA hI bhAga gayA hai avazamanazadbhIta zItadhuti sa niramvaraH kharatarakare dhvasyaddhAnte rnaavudyonmukhe|

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi pradhyAya kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana viralaviralAstajjAyante nabho'dhvatArakAH parivaDhadRDhIkarAbhAve bale hi kiyadvalam / / 52 isI sarga meM prabhAta varNana ke antima padya meM kamala ko mantra sAdhaka kAmI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki jaise kAmI | apane manoratha kI pUrti ke lie nAnA tantra-mantra kA jApa karatA hai, usI prakAra kamala ne bhI gahare jala meM khar3A hokara sArI rAta AkarSaNa mantra kA jApa kiyA hai| prAtaH kAla usane sUrya kI kiraNoM ke sparza se sphUrti (zakti) pAkara, pratinAyaka candramA kI lakSmI kA apaharaNa kara liyA hai; arthAt use apanI aMka zayyA para liTAkara Ananda lUTa rahA hai gambhIrAmbhaH sthitamathajapanmudritAsyaM nizAyA mantarguJjanmadhukaramiSAnnUnamAkRSTimantram / prAtarjAtasphuraNamaruNasyodaye candravimvA dAkRSyAbjaM sapadi kamalAM svAGkatalpIcakAra / / 53 candrodaya, sUryodaya Adi ke antargata prakRti ke mAnavIyakaraNa ke kavi ne isa prakAra pramANita kiyA hai sudhAnidhAnaM mRgapatralekhaM zubhrAMzukuMmbhaM zirasA dadhAnA / kausuMbhavastrAyitacAndrarAgA, prAcI jaganmaGgaladA tadAbhUta / / 14 240

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 kAlidAsa kata kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana/ na strI tataH kApi mayA samAnA mAnAspadaM yA vata sA purostu| itIva sallakSmalipIMdupatramuccaiH samuntaMbhavati sma raatriH||55 athaprabhAhrAsakarI vimocya, durdakSiNAzAM zizuraturaMzum acIkaradIptikaraM prnnttumivottraasnggmsnggmenm|6 zItena sIdatkusumAsu yuSmAsvacasyi devasya madeka nisstthaa| iti sphuTatpuSparadA tadAnIM zeSA latAH kundalatA jhaas||50 nirAkariSNustimirAripakSaM mahIbhRtAM mauliSu dttpaadH| atha grahaNAmadhibhUrudIye prasAdayan digllnaannaani||8 tamo mayonmAdamavekSya nazyadetairamitraM svaguhAsva dhaari| iti krudhave ghupatigirINAM mUrjI jghaanaaytketudnnddaiH||

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, - bharapAya kAlidAsa rAtri kI lAlimA meM chiTake tAre manorama dRzya upasthita karate hai| kavi kA anumAna hai ki rAtri kI kAlimA zaMkara kA gaja carma hai, tAre asaMkhya asthi khaNDa hai| jo zmasAna meM unake cAroM tarapha bikhare rahate haiM abhUkta bhUtezata no vibhUtiM bhautI tamobhiH sphutttaarkaudhaa| vibhinna kAlacchavidantidaitya carmAvRterbhUri nraasthibhaajH|| rAtri varNana prasaMga meM jayazekhara ne aneka kamanIya kalpanAeM kI haiN| unake kalpanAnusAra rAtri gaura varNa kI thii| yaha anAtha sAdhviyoM ko satAne kA phala hai, ki vaha usake zApa se kAlI par3a gyii| nimnokta padya meM rAtri ke andhakAra ko cakavoM kI virahAgni kA dhUAM mAnA gayA hai haridrayaM yada bhinnanAmA vabhUva gau#va nizAtata praak| santApayantI tu satIranA dhAstacchApadagdhAjani kaalkaayaa||61 yatkokayugmasya viyogavahni rjajvAla mitre'stamite nishaadii| saudyotasvadyotatkulasphuliGgaM daddhamarAjiH kimidaM tmisrm|62 mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne prakRti citraNa meM jisa prakAra kI kalpanAoM ko kumAra-sambhava meM taralita kiyA hai, vaha kevala unake hI vaza kI bAta ho /

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi adhmAtra kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sakatI hai| rAtri varNana prasaGga meM - isa adhere ke kAraNa na to Upara dikhAI de rahA hai, na nIce, na to Asa-pAsa dikhAI de rahA hai aura na to pIche hI / isa rAtri ke goda meM andhakAra se ghirA huA saMsAra aisA dIkhatA hai, mAnoM garbhapAta ke samaya garbha kI jhillI se ghirA huA koI bAlaka ho naurdhvamIkSaNa gartina cApyayAM nAbhitona purato na pRSThataH / loka eSa timiraudhavoSThito garbhavAsa iva vartate nizi / / 63 aura punaH isI varNana prasaGga meM kahate hai- andhakAra ne to ujalI, mailI, cala-acala, Ter3hI-sIdhI, vibhinna guNoM se yukta sabhI vastuoM ko eka samAna kara diyA hai| aise duSToM kI mahattA ko dhikkAra hai, jo acche-bure guNoM kA antara hI miTA dete hai zuddhamAvilamavasthitaM calaM vakramArjavaguNAnvitaM ca yat / sarvameva tamasA samIkRtaM ghiGa mahatvamasatAM hatAntaram // 64 cAMdanI ke phailane meM andhakAra dUra ho gayA hai aura tAlAboM meM kamala sampuTita ho cuke hai; jisase aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAnoM candramA rUpI nAyaka rAtri rUpI nAyikA ke mukha para bikhare hue andhakAra rUpI bAloM ko haTAkara cumbana le rahA ho aura usake rasa meM Ananda magna ho jAne ke kAraNa mAnoM usakI kamala rUpI AkheM mu~da gayI ho - 243 1 1 1

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paricchedra : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi adhyApa kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana/ saptam pi aGgulIbhidiva keza saJcayaM sanni gRhya timiraM marIcibhiH / kuzmalIkRta saroja locanaM cumvatIva rajanImukhaM zazI / / 65 tArikAoM ke varNana meM kavi kA anumAna hai ki tArikAeM una nava vadhuoM ke samAna haiM, jo pahalI bAra saMbhoga ke Dara se kA~patI huI apane pati ke pAsa jA rahI ho evaM cArumukhI yogatArayA yujyate trlvishvyaaraashi| sAdhvasAdupagataprakampayA kanyayeva nava dIkSayA varaH / / 66 isa prakAra mahAkAvyoM meM prakRti kA mAnavIyakaraNa karake nAnAvidhi vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| una sabhI kA ullekha na to, yahA~ abhISTa hai aura na hI sambhava hai| upayukta kucha pramukha prAkRtika dRSyoM kA sUkSmataH avalokana karane ke uparAnta spaSTa hotA hai ki yadyapi jainakumArasambhava meM kavi ne prakRti nAnA rUpoM kA bhavya citraNa kiyA hai tathApi ve citra kAlidAsa ke prAkRtika citroM kI tulanA meM zuSka aura nIrasa hai tathA kAlidAsa dvArA nirUpita prakRti - varNana anAyAsa hI mAnava hRdaya ko apanI ora AkarSita karane meM sakSama hai| jahA~ taka prakRti citraNa ke svarUpa kA prazna hai, donoM hI mahAkAvyoM meM prakRti kahIM yathAvata varNita hai to kahIM Alambana meM aura kahIM-kahIM uddIpana 244

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi adhyAya kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, ke rUpa meM bhI varNita hai jaisA ki anyatra saMskRta sAhitya meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| eka maulika bAta yaha hai ki prakRti ke saumya rUpoM kA varNana donoM hI kaviyoM ne kiyA hai kintu prakRti kA bhayAvaha rUpa kA varNana kahIM nahIM hai| jainakumArasambhava aura kAlidAsIya kumAra-sambhava ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki jainakumArasambhava meM koI aGgI rasa spaSTa nahIM hotA jabaki zRGgAra vAtsalya aura hAsya rasa ko kevala pratiSThApita kiyA gayA hai yadyapi usakA citraNa suniyojita DhaMga se nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM nAyaka RSabhadeva ke vivAha tathA kumAra (bharata) ke janma se sambandhita viSaya hone ke kAraNa isameM zRGgAra rasa kI pradhAnatA apekSita thI kintu mahAkavi ne apanI nivRtti vAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa isa prasaMga kI avahelanA kiyA hai| tathA nAyaka vItarAgitA ko usakI Asakti kI apekSA adhika ubhArA hai| vAstava meM isameM jo zRGgAra rasa kA citraNa hai vaha laukika vAsanAtmaka svarUpa na hokara dharma pradhAna zRGgAra ke rUpa meM hai cU~ki RSabhadeva sAmAnya nAyaka nahIM apitu jainiyoM ke ArAdhya deva ke rUpa meM haiN| ataH kavi apane pUjanIya evaM AdaraNIya nAyaka ko laukika zRGgAra ke rUpa meM varNita na kara dharma pradhAna nAyaka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai jaina kAvya sAhitya ke itihAsabhAga chaH ke anusAra yadyapi isa mahAkAvya meM aMgI rasa kA abhAva batAyA gayA hai kintu cU~ki kisI mahAkAvya meM aMgI rasa kA honA Avazyaka hai ataH zRGgAra rasa isa mahAkAvya kA aMgI rasa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yathA 245

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sapta chedra : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana unake lie vaiSayika sukha viSa tulya hai tanoSi tatteSu na kiM prasAda, na saayugiinaaydmiitvyiish| syAdyatra zakteravakAzanAzaH zrIyeta zUrairapi tatra saam|| yahA~ RSabhadeva avakramita se kAma meM pravRtta hote hai aura ucita upacAroM se viSayoM ko bhogate haiN| eka anya sthAna para zRGgAra rasa kA yaha udAharaNa- svAmI RSabhadeva ko dekhane ke lie paura strI ke varNana prasaMga meM usakI utsukatA kI tIvratA evaM adhIratA tathA AtmavismRti ko isa prakAra darzAyA hai kApi nArthamamitazlathanIvI prakSarannivasanApi na lalajje nAyakAnanAnibezitanetre janyalokanikare'pi smetaa||68 kintu kAlidAsIya kumAra-sambhava pUrNa rasavAdI kRti hai, jisameM zRGgAra rasa aGgI rasa hai aura zRGgAra ke donoM rUpa saMyoga tathA viyoga yA vipralambha zRGgAra ke anupama udAharaNoM se bharA par3A hai| kumAra-sambhava kA AThavA~ sarga saMbhAga zRGgAra kI dRSTi se bhAratIya sAhitya meM ucca sthAna para pratiSThita haiN| yathA evamindriya sukhasya vartmanaH sevnaadnugRhiitmnmthH| zailarAjabhavane sahomayA bhaasmaatrmvsdvRnndhvjH|| 246

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saptam muriccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vipralambha zRGgAra kA eka udAharaNa tribhAgazeSAsu nizAsu cakSaNaM nimIlya netre sahasA vyvudhyt| kva nIlakaNTha! vrjsiitylkssyvaagstyknntthaarpitvaahubndhnaa|| jayazekhara ne kAvya meM vAtsalya, bhayAnaka, hAsya tathA zAnta rasoM kA AnuSaMgika rUpa meM pallavana kiyA hai| zizu RSabhadeva kI tutalI vANI, lar3akhar3AtI gati akAraNa hI logoM ko ha~sane ke lie bAdhya karatI hai| vaha zizu daur3akara pitA se chipaTa jAtA hai| pitA zizu ke aMga sparza kara Atma vibhora ho jAte hai unakI A~khe haSAtireka se banda ho jAtI hai aura ve tAtatAta kahakara pukArane lagate hai avyakta muktaM ..... tAta tAteti jgaakssmaabhi|" yatheSTa citraNa hai pramodavASpAkulalocanA sA na taM dadarza dhnnmgrto'pi| parispRzantI kara kuMDamaktena sukhAntaraM prApa kimpypuurvm||72 arthAt pArvatI apane sAmane hote hue bhI usa puruSa ko kucha samaya ke lie nahIM dekha sakIM, jo ki harSa ke AsuoM se bharI huI netroM vAlI hokara kisalaya sarIkhe komala hA~thoM se putra kA sparza karatI huI anirvacanIya, apUrva evaM adhika sukha ko pA liyA spaSTa hai ki vAtsalya varNana meM bhI kumAra-sambhava kI jainakumArasambhava se zreSThatA asandigdha hai| hAsya rasa ke varNana prasaMga meM jainakumArasambhava ke pA~cavA adhyAya kA iktAlIsavA~ zloka hai- jisameM 247

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi ' kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana koI strI nava vivAhita RSabhadeva ko dekhane ke lie zIghratA meM apane rote hue zizu ko chor3akara goda meM billI kA baccA uThAkara daur3a pdd'ii| use dekhakara sArI bArAta ha~sane lagI kintu use isakA bhAna taka nahIM huA "tUrNimRDhA ................... janyarjanaH svayam" / / 73 zAnta rasa kI abhivyakti meM svAmI RSabhadeva ko gArhasthya jIvana meM pravRtta karane ke lie indra kI uktiyA~ draSTavya hai "bayasthanaMgasya .......... vimanAstvadanyaH" / / 4 kruddha bhaiMse ke citraNa meM bhayAnaka rasa kI abhivyaJjanA huI hai mahAtanuH .......... prAjanAvizrama kssnnm|| mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA hAsya rasa sabhya aura U~ce darje kA jise par3hakara pAThaka kevala muskurAtA hai inakI kavitA ThahAke ke sAtha ha~sI nahIM krtii| kumArasambhava ke paMcama sarga meM pArvatI ke Azrama meM Aye hue brahmacArI dvArA zaMkara jI kI nindA ke padya isake udAharaNa hai "iyaJca te'nyA purato viDamvanA yaDhUDhayA vaarnnraajhaaryyaa| vilokyavRddhokSamadhiSThitaM tvayA mahAjanaH smairmukhobhvissyti||"76 "dvayaM gataM samprati zocanIyatAM samAgamaprArthanayA pinaakinH| kalA ca sA kAntimatI kalAvatastvamasyalokasya ca netra kaumudii|| hAsya rasa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kumArasambhava meM pArvatI kI eka 248

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saptam ka cheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sakhI ne parihAsapUrvaka unheM AzIrvAda diyA ki tuma apane ina caraNoM se surata vizeSa kI kriyA dvArA apane pati zaMkara ke zira para vidyamAna candrakalA kA sparza karo "patyuH zirazcandrakalAmayena spRzeti sakhyA prihaaspuurvm| sA raMjayitvA caraNau kRtAzIrmAlyena tAM nirvacanaM jghaan||" ku0saM0 7/12 zaMkara jI ke darzana ke lie utsuka striyoM kI vibhinna dazAoM kA citraNa meM hAsya rasa darzanIya hai Aloka mArga sahasA vrajantyA kyaacidudvessttnvaantmaalyH| baddhaM na saMbhAvita eva tAvatkareNa rudbho'pi ca keshpaashH|| prasAdhikA''lamvitamagrapAdamAkSipya kaacidvraagmev| utsRSTalIlA gati rAga vAkSAdalaktakAGkAM padavIM ttaan|| vilocanaM dakSiNa maJjanena saMbhAvya tadvaJcita vaamnetraa| tathaiva vAtAyanasaMnikarSa yayau zalAkAmaparA vhntii| jAlAntara preSita dRSTiranyA prasthAna bhinnAM na vavandha niiviim| nAbhi praviSTA bharaNa prabheNa hastena tasyA va valamvya vaasH|| ardhAcitA satvaramutthitAyAH pade-pade durnimite glntii| kasyAzcidAsIdrazanA tadAnImaGguSThamUlArpita sUtra shessaa|| kumAra-sambhava ke gyArahaveM sarga ke zloka 46-48 meM bhI hAsya rasa kA citraNa hai|

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- saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi | kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kumAra-sambhava meM hAsya rasa kA paripAka anya rasoM kI apekSA adhika nahIM huA hai ki jainakumArasambhava se utkRSTa to hai hii| mahAkavi ne caturtha sarga ke madana dahana prasaMga meM karuNa rasa ko viniyojita kiyA hai| vaha unake rasa jJAna kA caramotkarSa hai| pUrA-pUrA caturtha sarga karuNa rasa para AdhArita hai upamAnamabhUdvilAsinAM karaNaM pattava kaantimntyaa| tadidaM gatamIdRzIM dazAM na vidIrye kaThinAH khalu striyH|| zAnta rasa kI bhI utkRSTa pratiSThA hai bhAsvanti ratnAni mahauSadhIMzca pRthUpadiSTAM duduhurdhritriim| anantaratnaprabhavasya yasya himaM na saubhAgya vilopi jaatm|| raudra rasa apanI samAdhi meM vivaraNa svarUpa kAmadeva ko dekhakara bhagavAna ziva kA svarUpa raudra rasa se saMyukta hai tapaH parAmarzavivRddhamanyorbhUbhaGgaduSprekSya mukhasya tsy| sphurannudarciH sahasA tRtIyAdakSNAM kRzAnuH kila nissppaat|| vIra rasa kumArasambhava kA caudahavAM sarga jisameM kumAra kArtikeya aura tArakAsura ke bIca yuddha kA varNana hai vIra rasa se bharA par3A hai- jisameM eka udAharaNa bANaiH surAridhanuSaH prasRtairanantainirghoSa bhISita bhttolsdNshujaalaiH| andhIkRtA khila surezvara sainya IMzasUnuH kuto'pi viSayaM na jagAma dRsstteH||2 250

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi al kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ani bhayAnaka rasa bhagavAna ziva ke baila nadI kA svarUpa varNana isa prakAra hai tuSAra saMghAta zilAH khurAgraiH samullikhandarpa kalaH kkudyaan| dRzTaH kathaMcid gavayairvivignairasoDhasiMha dhvnirunnnaad|| vIbhatsa rasa yuddha meM vIroM ke kavandha yA dhar3a bar3I kaThinAI se nAcate the raNAGgaNe zoNita paGkapicchile kathaM kthNcinnnRtubhRtaayudhaaH| nadatsu tUryeSu paretayoSitAM gaNeSu gAyatsu kbndhraajyH|| isa varNana meM vIbhatsa rasa hai aura vIroM kI dazA kA varNana hai na rathI rathinaM bhUyaH praahscchstrbhuurcchitm| pratyApasanta manvicchannAtiSThadhudhi lobhtH|| adbhuta rasa meM pratiSThita hai| chanda kI dRSTi se donoM mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai| mahAkavi jayazekhara sUri chandoM ke prayoga meM nATya zAstra ke niyamoM kA anupAlana kiyA hai| unhoMne sarga ke anta meM chanda badala diyA hai| prathama sarga meM ayodhyApurI ke varNana meM upajAti chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai "astyuttarasyAM dizi kozaleti ityaadi|" tathA sarga ke anta meM zArdUla vikrIDita chanda kI yojanA hai

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi adhyAya kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, "nArINAM nayaneSu cApalaparIvAdaM vinighnan vapuH" ityAdi / mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA upajAti priya chanda hai unhoMne kumArasambhava meM isakA atyadhika prayoga kiyA hai| eka udAharaNa himAlaya dvArA pArvatI vivAha saMskAra ke varNana prasaMga meM draSTavya hai "" 'adhoSadhInAmAdhapasya vRddhau tithau ca jAmilaguNAnvitAyAm / sameta bandhurhimavAnsutAyA vivaahdiikssaavidhimnvtisstthm|| 86 jainakumArasambhava ke dvitIya sarga meM vasantatilakA aura sargAnta meM mandAkrAntA chandoM kI yojanA huI hai- chaThe sarga meM mAlinI aura antima sarga meM upendravajA, indravajrA tathA zikhariNI chanda kI yojanA hai| kula milAkara jayazekhara sUri ne isa mahAkAvya meM 17 chanda prayukta kiye hai| unhoMne anuSTupa, viyoginI, puSpitAgrA chanda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa chandoM ke prayoga meM jayazekhara sUri se adhika praur3ha the| unhoMne eka hI sarga (bArahaveM ) meM pA~ca chandoM kI yojanA karake chandazAstra kI apanI paripakvatA ko prakaTa kara diyA hai| ve chanda nimna hai 1. rathoddhatA ityudIyaM bhagavAMstamAtmajaM ghorasamahotsavotsukam / nandanaM hi jahi devavidviSaM saMyatIti nijagAda zaMkaraH / 1 2. upajAti atha prapede tridazerazeSe krUrAsuropallavaduH jitAtmA / 252

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 1 kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pulomaputrIdayito'ndhakAriM patrIva tRSSAturitaH pyodm|| 3. svagatA zAsanaM pazupateH sa kumAra svIcakAra shirsaavten| sarvathaiSa pitRbhaktiratanAmeSa eva parama khalu dhrmH||9 4. drutavilamvita asurayuddhavidho vivudhezvare pazupatau vadatIti tmaatmjm| girijayA mumude suta vikrame sati na nandati kaakhlubiirsuu|| 5. hariNI suraparivRDhaH prauDhaM vIra kumArabhupApatebalavadamamArA tisratrINAM dRgjjnbhjjnm| jagadabhayadaM sadyaH prApyaH pramodaparo'bhavad dhruvamabhimate pUrNe kovAmudA na hi maadyti| anuSTupa-kAlidAsa kA priya chanda hai aura kavi ne isakA vidhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai tasminviprakRtAH kAle tArakeNa divauksH| turAsAhaM purodhAya dhAma svAyaMbhuvaM yyuH||2 rati vilApa ke prasaMga meM- viyoginI-vRtta kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai athamoha parAyaNA satI vivazA kaamvdhuurvivodhitaa| 253

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vidhinA pratipAdayiSyatA-navavaidhavyamasahya vednm||3 puSpitAgrA atha madanavadhUrupaplavAntaM vyasanakRzA pripaalyaaN-vbhuuv| zazinaH iva divAtanasya lekhA kiraNa parikSayadhUsarA prdossm||" niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo chanda jayazekhara ne chuA taka nahIM hai use kAlidAsa ne priya chanda ke rUpa meM apanAyA hai| vaise donoM hI mahAkaviyoM ne kiyA hai| donoM hI mahAkAvyoM ne nATya zAstrAnukUla chanda vidhAna kiyA gayA hai aura sarga ke anta meM chanda badala diye gaye hai| itanA hone para bhI kAvya kI anyAnya vidhAoM kI bhA~ti kAlidAsa kA chandazAstra jJAna, jayazekhara sUri kI tulanA meM vyApaka aura praur3ha hai| alaGkAra kI dRSTi se- tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki kAlidAsa jI alaGkAra vidhAna meM to kAvya jagata meM zIrSastha the jisameM unakA priya alaGkAra upamA hai| 'upamA kAlidAsasya' yaha prakhyAt kathana upamA alaGkAra meM zIrSastha kA dyotana hai| ___ zrI jayazekharasUri dvArA niyojita alaGkAra unake mahAkAvya ke kAvya saundarya ko prasphuTita karate hai aura bhAva-prakAzana ko samRddha banAte hai| unhoMne mukhyataH zabdAlaGkAra meM zleSa, anuprAsa aura yamaka kA vidhAna kiyA hai| sumaGgalA kI sakhiyoM kI nRtya mudrAoM meM zleSa "suzrutAkSarapathAnusAriNI -------- svmaarhtm|| 25 254

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saptam paricoTa : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aEN zabdAlaGkAroM meM kavi ne anuprAsa aura yamaka kA atyadhika prayoga kiyA hai aura donoM hI alaGkAra kAvya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vyApta hai| jayazekhara sUri kA yamaka alaGkAra kliSTatA se mukta hai "parAMtarivodaka -------- vyatarad dvitiiyaa"||96 arthAlaGkAroM meM upamA kavi kA priya alaGkAra hai| jisakA udAharaNa haisumaGgalA aura sunandA kI dRSTi kI caMcalatA ___ "zaizavAvavadhivadhU -------- ivaantissdiiym"||7 jainakumArasambhava ko 'sUkti sAgara' banAne kA zreya dRSTAnta aura arthAntaranyAsa ko hai| kAvya meM dRSTAnta aura arthAtaranyAsa kI bharamAra hai| "dRSTanaSTa -------- pnaayti"|8 Adi dRSTAnta ke udAharaNa hai| kavi ne arthAntaranyAsa kA sarvAdhika prayoga kiyA hai| alaGkAra ke saMdarbha meM kAlidAsa ne apane kathana- 'kimiva hi madhurANAma maNDanaM nAkRtInAm' kA akSarazaH pAlana kiyA hai| kumArasambhava meM alaGkAroM kI yojanA svAbhAvika rUpa meM huI hai| kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava meM zabdAlaGkAra kI apekSA arthAlaMkAroM kI zazakta abhivyakti huI hai| upamA kAlidAsa kA sarvapriya alaMkAra hai| kumArasambhava meM upamA kI bharamAra hai| 255.

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saptam pari .: zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, tArakAsura ke AtaMka se murajhAe hue mukhoM vAle devatAoM ke sammukha brahmA jI vaise hI prakaTa hue jaise kamaloM se yukta tAlAba ke sAmane sUrya prakaTa hotA hai teSAmAvirabhUdbrahmA primlaanmukhshriyaam| sarasAM supta padmAnAM praatdiirpitimaaniiv||99 pArvatI ke bimvAphala rUpI mukha ko dekhakara bhagavAna zaMkara kA dhairya vaise hI DagamagA gayA jaise candramA ke udaya hone para samudra kA jala DagamagA jAtA hai "harastu kiNcitpriluptdhairyNnycndroyaarmbhivaamvraashiH| umA mukhaM vimbaphalAdharoSThe vyApArayAmAsa vilocnaani||300 upamA ke bAda arthAntaranyAsa kAlidAsa ko sarvAdhika priya hai| kumArasambhava meM isakA prayoga vahudhA huA hai| kumAra-sambhava ko 'sUkti sAgara' banAne meM arthAntaranyAsa ko vizeSa yogadAna hai| himAlaya parvata ke varNana prasaMga meM arthAntaranyAsa kI anupama chaTA draSTavya hai "divAkarAvakSati yo guhAsu lInaM divaabhiitmivaa'ndhkaarm| kSudra'pi nUnaM zaraNaM prapanne mamatvamuccaiH zirasAM stiiv"|| pArvatI kI mAtA mainA dvArA unheM (pArvatI) tapasyA se roke jAne kA varNana prasaGga meM kavi ne unake manobhAvoM ko dRSTAnta alaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai 256)

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi adhyAya kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana/ manISItAH santi gRheSu devatAstapaH kvavatse kva catAvaka vapuH / padaM saheta bhramarasya pelavaM zirISa puSpaM na punaH vapuH patatriNaH / / 102 himAlaya ke svarUpa ko rUpaka alaMkAra dvArA isa prakAra varNita karate hai ki usakA svarUpa kucha adhika hI nikharA huA pratIta hotA hai yaH pUrayan pradAyitvamivopagantuma / / 103 samAsokti alaMkAra dvArA vasanta rUpI nAyaka kA vyavahAra isa prakAra citrita kiyA gayA hai| vAlendu vakrANyavikA vanasthalInAm // 104 himAlaya ke kathana ( brahmarSiyoM se) meM dIpaka alaMkAra kI sundara abhivyaJjanA huI hai avemi pUtamAtmAnaM dvayenevadvijottamAH / mUrdhni gaGgAprapAtena dhautapAdAmbhasA ca vAH / / 105 pArvatI ke kaNTha evaM mauktika mAla ke bhUSaNa bhUSya bhAva ko anyonya alaMkAra meM isa prakAra varNita kiyA gayA hai kaNThasya tasyAH stanabandhurasyA muktA kalApasya ca nistalasya / anyonyazobhAjananAdbabhUva sAdhAraNau bhUSaNa bhUSyabhAvaH / / 106 uparyukta varNanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki jainakumArasambhava evaM kAlidAsIya kumArasambhava donoM hI mahAkAvyoM meM alaGkAroM kI prabhAvapUrNa yojanA kI gayI 257

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saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi dhamAla kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai, kintu kumAra-sambhava meM alaGkAroM kA svarUpa adhika bhavya evaM puSTa hai apekSAkRta jainakumArasambhava ke| 258

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saptam paricchedra : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana " achAmA sandarbha : 1. vastu ca dvidhA - tatrAdhikArikaM mukhyamaMga prAsaMgikaM viduH dazaH-1/11 adhikAraH phalasvAmyadhikArI ca ttprbhuH| tannivRttayabhivyApi vRtaM syaadhikaarikm|| -dazarUpaka-1/12 sAhityadarpaNa-6/42-44 kumArasambhava- 1/21, 7/83, 10/60 vahI, 3/72, 4/1-46, 5/30-73 jai0 ku. saM0-6/74 vahI, 3/9 vahI, 1/73 vahI, 11/11 vahI, 6/74 kumArasambhava- 1/9 vahI, 3/36 vahI, 2/58 vahI, 2/2 16. vahI, 1/12 17. vahI, 3/67 259

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saptam saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazeravarasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Ama vahI, 3/68 vahI, 4/26 vahI, 5/31 vahI, 5/83 vahI, 6/85 vahI, 6/84 jai0ku0saM0-5/81 vahI, 2/72 zivapurANa- tRtIya adhyAya, kumArakhaNDa kumArasambhava- 9/14 vahI, 10/36-37 29. vahI, 10/54 vahI, 10/58-59 vahI, 11/10 vahI, 10/60 33. vahI, 11/6 34. vahI, 12/58 35. vahI, 11/50 36. vahI, 11/14 37. vahI, 13/36

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38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 52. 53. 54. 51. jai0ku0saM0- 10/82 vahI, 10/83 vahI, 10/84 vahI, 6/14 vahI, 6/19 vahI, 6/69 vahI, 6/71 55. 56. saptam pariccheda : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana/ adhyApa 57. vahI, 13 / 29-40 vahI, 13 /44 vahI, 15/37 vahI, 17/17 vahI, 17/51 jai0ku0saM0- 6/52 vahI, 6/57 vahI, 659 vahI, 6/63 vahI, 6 / 66 vahI, 6/69 kumArasambhava - 3/25 vahI, 3/26 261

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saptam pariccheTa : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 14 ' kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 58. 59. vahI, 11/1 vahI, 11/4 vahI, 6/3 vahI, 6/7 vahI, 6/11 kumArasambhava-8/56 vahI, 8/57 vahI, 8/63 vahI, 8/73 jai0ku0saM0- 3/15 vahI, 5/39 kumArasambhava-8/20 vahI, 5/57 jai0ku0saM0, 1/27-28 ku0saM0, 11/18 jai0ku0saM0-5/41 vahI, 4/6 ___ vahI, 3/24 76. ku0saM05/70-71 77. vahI, 5/73 262

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saptam pariraNe : zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi 24 kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, maUmAna kAlidAsa kRta. 78. vahI, 7/57-71 vahI, 4/5 vahI, 1/2 vahI, 3/71 vahI, 4/15 vahI, 1/57 vahI, 16/50 vahI, 16/47 ___ vahI, 7/1 87. vahI, 12/57 ___vahI, 12/1 vahI, 12/58 ___ vahI, 12/59 vahI, 12/70 vahI, 2/1 93 vahI, 4/1 vahI, 4/46 jai0ku0saM0- 10/61 96. vahI, 4/46 97. vahI, 4/78 263

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98. 19. saptam pari adhyAya vahI, 4/74 ku0saM0- 22 100. vahI, 3/67 101. vahI, 1/12 102. vahI, 5/4 103. vahI, 1/8 104. vahI, 3/29 105. vahI, 6/57 106. vahI, 1/42 zrI jayazekharasUri kRta jainakumArasambhava evaM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 264

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aSTam adhyAya jainakumArasambhava eka preraNA zrota

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jainakumArasambhava kI paravartI racanAeM jisa prakAra kumArasambhava kA prabhAva paravartI racanAoM para dIkhatA hai, usI prakAra jainakumArasambhava ke prabhAva ko bhI usakI paravatI kRtiyoM pr| dekha sakate haiN| 1. kAvya maNDana kavi maNDana ne kAvya maNDana tathA apanI anya kRtiyoM meM apanI vaMza paramparA, dhArmika vRtti Adi kI paryApta jAnakArI dI hai tathA sthiti kAla kA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa saMketa diyA hai| usake jIvana vRtta para AdhArita mahezvara ke kAvya manohara meM bhI maNDana tathA usake pUrvajoM kA vistRta evaM pramANika itihAsa nibaddha hai| usake anusAra kAvyamaNDana ke kartA zrImAtavaMza ke bhUSaNa the| unake gotra- sonagiri, cAhar3a, vAhar3a, dehar3a padama, pAhurAja tathA kAla the| kAvyakAra kA maNDana vAhar3a ke dvitIya tathA kaniSTha putra the| svayaM kavi ke kathanAnusAra kAvyamaNDana kI racanA usa samaya huI thii| jaba paNDapadurga para yavana nareza AlamasAhi kA zAsana thaa| yavana zAsaka atIva pratApI tathA zatruoM ke lie sAkSAt AtaMka thA astyetanmaNDpAkhyaM prasthitayAsvimUdurgahaM durgamucceyasminnAlamasA hirnivasati valavAnduH saha paarthivaanaa| yacchauryeramandaH pravaladharanibhRtsainya vanyAbhipAtI zatrustrIvASpavRSTyASpAdhikataramaho dIpyate sidhymaanH||

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aSTam pracheda : jainakumArasambhava eka preraNA zrota kAvya maNDana kA racanAkAla 1419 tathA 1432 I0 kI madhyavartI avadhi ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| kAvyamaNDana kI kathAnaka isa kAvya kI kathA mahAbhArata para Azrita hai| tathA isakI zailI jaina kumAra sambhava se prabhAvita hai| jise teraha sargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama sarga meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt bhISma, droNAcArya, kauravoM-vIroM tathA pANDava kumAroM ke zaurya evaM yaza kA varNana hai| dvitIya tathA tRtIya sargoM meM paramparAgata RtuoM kA varNana hai| caturtha sarga meM kauravoM dvArA lAkSAgRha meM pANDavoM ko jalAne ke lie khaDayantra kA varNana hai| paMcama sarga se sarga ATha taka pANDavoM ke tIrthATana kA vistRta varNana hai| sarga nau meM pANDava eka cakrA nagarI meM prachanna veza meM eka daridra brAhmaNa ke ghara meM nivAsa karate hai tathA vahA~ bhIma mAtA kI preraNA se narabhakSI vakAsura ko mArakara nagara vAsiyoM kI rakSA karate haiN| draupadI ke svayaMvara kA samAcAra sunakara pANDava pAJcAla deza cala par3ate hai| sarga daza meM svayaMvara - maNDapa, Agantuka rAjAoM tathA sUryAsta, rAtri Adi kA varNana hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM draupadI svayaMvara meM praveza karatI hai| yahA~ usake saundarya kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| bArahaveM sarga meM rAjA pANDavoM ko brAhmaNa samajhatA hai, kintu unake varcasva ko dekhakara unakI vAstavikatA para sandeha karatA hai| duryodhana brAhmaNa kumAra ko arjuna samajhakara drupada ko usake virUddha bhar3akAtA hai| isI bAta ko lekara donoM meM yuddha Thana jAtA hai| arjuna akelA hI zatru pakSa ko | 266

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aSTam apiTa : jainakumArasambhava eka preraNA zrota parAsta karatA hai| pANDava, patnI tathA mAtA ke sAtha hastinApura lauTa Ate hai| yahIM kAvya kA anta ho jAtA hai| ___ isa saMkSipta kathAnaka ko maNDana ne apane varNana cAturI se teraha sargo meM vibhakta kara eka mahAkAvya kA svarUpa de diyA hai| isameM RtuoM, tIrtho, nadiyoM, yuddhoM Adi kA varNana vizeSa siddha hue haiN| 2. bharata vAhuvali mahAkAvya isa mahAkAvya ke kartA kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| pratyeka sarga ke antima padya meM prayukta 'puSpodaya' zabda se kavi ne apane, jisa nAma ko iMgita kiyA hai, vaha paMjikA kI puSpikA ke anusAra puNya kuzala hai| bharata bAhuvali kI racanA saM0 1652-1659 ke bIca huI thii| kAvya kA kathAnaka SaTakhaNDa vijaya ke phalasvarUpa bharata cakravartI pada prApta karate haiM aura vaha apane anuja takSazilA nareza vAhuvala dvArA Adhipatya svIkAra na kiye jAne se kSubdha hokara dUta bhejate hai| takSazilA nareza ke teja ko dekhakara dUta kI ghiggI ba~dha jAtI hai- pahalA srg| dvitIya sarga meM dUta bAhuvala ko apane agraja ko prabhutva svIkAra karane kI preraNA dete hai| sarga tIna meM bAhuvali dUta kI duHceSTA se kruddha hokara apanI anupama vIratA tathA bharata kI lolupatA kI prazaMsA karate hai| dUta ke ayodhyA lauTane ke pUrva hI bAhuvali kA AtaMka phaila cukA hotA hai| caturtha sarga meM bharata bAhuvali ke 267

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aSTam astilekha : jainakumArasammata eka preraNA zrota parAkrama ko yAda kara dUta bhejane kA bhI pazcAtApa karate hai| vaha apane bhAI ke vadha kA pApa bhI nahIM lenA caahtaa| senApati suSeNa use yuddha ke lie protsAhita karatA hai| pA~cave sarga kA nAma hai- senaasjjiikrnn| parantu isameM zarata tathA rAjamahirSiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaThe se AThaveM sarga taka bharata kI senA kA prayANa, sainika mugaloM ke vana-vihAra, candrodaya, sUryodaya, ratikrIDA kA kavitva pUrNa varNana hai| prAtaHkAla bharata kI senA bAhuvali ke virUddha prasthAna karatI hai| 6 se 8 sarga meM sainya prayANa ke uparAnta yoddhAoM kI preyasiyA~, viyoga se vihvala ho jAtI hai| naveM sarga meM mandAkinI kI cArU varNana hai| sarga daza meM bharata Adi prabhu ke caitya meM jAkara unakI stuti karatA hai, vahIM unakI bheMTa tapasyArata vidyAdhara se hotI hai| jisane bharata se parAjita hone ke pazcAt adhipati nabhi tathA vinabhi ke sAtha munitva svIkAra kara liyA thaa| sarga gyAraha meM caroM se yaha jJAta hai ki bAhuvali bharata kA Adhipatya svIkAra karane ko taiyAra nahIM hai| usake vIroM meM apAra utsAha hai| bAhuvali kA mantrI sumantra se SaDakhaNDa vijetA agraja ko prANIpAta karane kA parAmarza detA hai, bAhuvali senA ekatra karake yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai| bArahaveM sarga meM bharata apanI senA ko bhAvI yuddha kI gurutA kA bhAna karatA hai tathA usakI viSaya meM hI apane cakravartitva kI sArthakatA mAnatA hai| senApati suSeNa use vijaya kA vizvAsa dilAtA hai| sarga teraha meM bAhuvali apane sainikoM ko utsAhita karatA hai| siMha ratha ko senAdhyakSa 268

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aSTam mahinoda : jainakumArasambhava eka preraNA zrota/ niyukta kiyA jAtA hai| caudahaveM sarga meM donoM senAeM samarAMgaNa meM utaratI hai| stuti pAThaka vipakSI senAoM kA paricaya dete hai| senAoM ke tIna dina ke yuddha kA kavitva pUrNa varNana pandrahaveM sarga meM tathA solahaveM sarga meM devagaNa bhISaNa raktapAta se bacane ke lie bharata tathA bAhuvali ko dvanda yuddha ke dvArA bala-parIkSA karane ko prerita karate bharata aura bAhuvali donoM yuddhabhUmi meM hai| dRSTiyuddha, zabdayuddha, muSTiyuddha tathA daNDayuddha meM bharata parAjita hotA hai| kintu vaha parAjaya svIkAra nahIM krtaa| hatAza hokara vaha bAhuvali para cakra kA prahAra. karatA hai| kintu vaha cakra kevala bAhuvali kA sparza kara lauTa AtA hai| bAhuvali use tor3ane ke lie muSTi uThAkara daur3atA hai| tInoM lokoM ko nAza se bacAne ke lie devatA use roka dete hai| bAhuvali usI muSTi se kezaluMcana kara muni bana jAtA hai| bharata samadarzI anuja ko prANipAta karatA hai aura usake putra ko abhiSikta kara ayodhyA lauTa AtA hai| sattarahavAM sarga meM SaD RtueM bharata kI sevA meM upasthita hote hai| devatAoM se yaha jAnakara ki mAnatyAga se bAhubali ko kaivalya jJAna prApta ho gayA hai, bharata ke hRdaya meM vairAgya utpanna hotA hai aura use gRhasthI meM hI kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai| jisa prakAra jainakumArasambhava meM svAmI RSabhadeva ke Adarza caritra kA citraNa kavivara jayazekhara sUri ne kiyA hai usI prakAra bharata bAhuvali mahAkAvya

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aSTam ahida : jainakumArasambhava eka preraNA zrota meM unake putra bharata kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM kA varNana kavi puNya kuzala ne kavitvapUrNa DhaMga se kiyA hai| donoM hI mahAkAvyoM (kumArasambhava evaM jaina kumArasambhava) kI taraha isa mahAkAvya kA Arambha vastu nirdezAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai| 270

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- navam adhyAya pariziSTa evaM upasaMhAra

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sUktiyA~ kisI kAvya meM sUktiyoM kA prayoga kAvya ko jIvanta banAnA hotA hai isake prayoga se kAvya ko eka AdhArabhUta bala milatA hai tathA vaha kasauTI para kase hue ke sadRza dRr3hatA ko prApta kara letA hai| sUktiyA~ prAyaH do alaGkAroM se yukta zloka meM pAyA jAtA hai arthAntaranyAsa aura dRSTAnta alngkaar| kAvyaprakAza meM arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra ko isa taraha paribhASita kiyA gayA hai "sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena samarthyate, yantu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdharmyaNa pareNa vA" arthAt jahA~ sAmAnya kathana dvArA vizeSa kathana ko athavA vizeSa kathana dvArA sAmAnya kathana ko samarthana pradAna kiyA jAya vahA~ arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra hotA hai jo samAna dharma vAlA athavA asamAna dharma vAlA do prakAra kA hotA hai tathA dRSTAnta alaGkAra kI paribhASA hai- "dRSTAnta punareteSAM sarveSAM pratibimvanam" arthAt upamAna upameya unake vizeSaNa aura sAdhAraNa dharma Adi kA vimba-prativimvabhAva hone para dRSTAnta alaGkAra hotA hai| jainakumArasambhava meM ina alaGkAroM ke prayoga se sUktiyoM kA samAveza honA svAbhAvika hai| jisake prayoga se yaha mahAkAvya upadeza paraka evaM prabhAvakArI ho gayA hai| yahA~ jainakumArasambhava meM prayukta katipaya sUktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| yathA 1. tArai ranabhaiH prabhayAnabhAnu, rbhraanulipto'pydhriikriyet||1/30|| 2. kasyApriyaH syAt pavanena pAri, plavano'pi mandArataroH prvaalH||1/31|| lolA svayaM sthairyaguNaM tu sabhyA-nabhyAsayantI kutukAya kiM n||1/53|| 3.

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navam pratiddha : pariziSTa evaM upasaMhAra 4. yuno'pi tasyAjani vazyamazvaH - vArasya vAjIva sadaiva cetH||1/65|| 5. sudhA gRhItAramRte mudhaa'bhuut||1/69|| 6. maNimahArghyaH zucikAntikAJcanaM, kalA kalAdasya kalApi vrnnytaam|2|2|| 7. na janturekAntasukhI kvcidbhve||2|8|| 8. vivudhezitA nayaM na bhinte||2|16|| 9. ratikSaNAlambitaroSamAninI, - smayagrAhagranthibhide shaaytaam||2/39|| 10. tapodhanebhyazcaratA vanAdhvanA, dhanasya bhAve bhavatA dhniiytaa| adIyatAjyaM yadanena kautukaM, tavaiva zizvAya vRSo vRssdhvj||2/55|| 11. trapA hi tAtotanayA susuunussu||2/63|| 12. iyatu meghaMkaramArutatva, mudeSyataH kAlavalAda ghnsy||3/2|| 13. hRdho na masyendukalAkalApaH, svAtmArdhambhyUhati taM ckorH||3/3|| 14. vineya vRkSAnabhivRSya saadhuun||3/7|| 15. atAttvike karmaNi dhIracittAH, prAyeNa notphullamukhI bhvnti|| 3/35 / / 16. nAryo hi naariissvdhikaarnniiyaaH|| 3/40 // 17. vArAMnidhestaddhaninazciratno, ratnoccayaH phlgurbhuuccito'pi|| 3/53 // 18. tanmaulivAsAda balavAnna ksy|| 3/64 // 19. yatpatravallyo mRganAbhinIlA, niriikssitaasttprito'nussktaaH|| 3/67 // 20. ko vishvsettaapkrprsuuteH|| 3/74 / / 273

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navam aTila : pariziSTa evaM upasaMhAra 21. hastinaH padena pdaantrvdvylupyt|| 4/3 // 22. na moghA mahatAM hi snggtiH|| 4/21 // 23. ratiM na bhUmnA bhuvi yanti devtaaH||4/29|| 24. dakSiNaH kSaNaphala: kvanu vaamH||5/3|| 25. dehinAM hi sahajaM durpohm||5/8|| 26. mahatAM caritaM kaH ved||5/9|| 27. hArda granthirazlatha iti prthitoktiH||5/10|| 28. rAgamedhayati rAgiSu srvm||5/16|| 29. kSINa eva khalu shuktimgrvH||5/22|| 30. kulavadhUravadhUya prema paitRkmupaantmupetaa||5/59|| 31. antareNa puruSaM nahi nArI, tAM vinA na puruSo'pi vibhaati| pAdapena rucimaJcati zAkhA, zAkhayaiva sakalaH kila so'pi||5/61|| 32. dhIyate na kulamUrdhni ptaakaa||5/64|| kiM prakupyati nadISu ndiishH||5/65|| 34. strainnkNtthrsiko'pihihaarH||5/66|| 35. tapasvinAM hi phalitA kdaashaa||6/4|| 36. kAlena vinA kva shktiH||6/5|| 37. sAraM kalatraM kva kalaGkinoM vaa||6/20|| 274 274

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38. kiM kRtrimaM khelati neturagre // 8 / 3 // sAdhAraNaH sarvavane vasaMtaH // 8/20 // abdAgamasya ko nindati paGkilatvam / / 8/49 / / ko vA svajAtau nahi pakSapAtam ||8 / 52 / / 42. vinA latA vRSTimiveSTasiddhayaH / / 9/10 / / 43. lajjate vata sapatnayanna kaH // 10/20 // upasaMhAra 39. 40. navam 41. : pariziSTa evaM upasaMhAra isa prakAra bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa ke samanvayakartA mahAkavi jayazekharasUri zravaNa paramparA ke eka zreSTha kavi haiM, jinake sAmane dharma pracAra kA lakSya vidyamAna thA jise pUrA karane ke lie unhoMne kAvya ko mAdhyama vnaayaa| inhoMne apane mahAkAvya kI racanA pramukhataH kAlidAsa kRta kumArasambhava kI preraNA se kI hai vizeSataH parikalpanA, kathAnaka ke vikAsa evaM ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana meM donoM meM paryApta sAmya hai isa kAvya kI zailI meM jo prasAda tathA AkarSaNa hai vaha bhI kAlidAsa kI zailI kI sahajatA evaM prAJjalatA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI hai| kintu caudaha svapnoM ke sandarbha meM yaha hemacandra ke triSaSTizalAkA puruSa aura jinasena ke AdipurANa se prabhAvita haiN| yadyapi kumArasambhava para anekazaH zodha kArya hue haiM kintu jainakumArasambhava para vizeSataH sAhityika dRSTikoNa se abhI taka zodha kArya huA nahIM hai ataH vibhinna sAhityika dRSTikoNa se vivecana karane kA prayAsa 275

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navam pratida : pariziSTa evaM upasaMhAra prastuta zodha-prabandha meM kiyA gayA hai jisakA punaH ullekha karanA pRSTapreSaNa mAtra hogaa| 276

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alaGkAra mahodadhi kAvyaprakAza amarakoza kAvyAdarza agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga kAvyAnuzAsana kAvyAlaGkArasAra hindI kAvyAlaGkAra sUtra sandarbha grantha-sUcI mahendra prabhasUri (saMpA0 ), lAlacandra bhagavAna dAsa gAndhI jaina paNDita gAyakavAr3a oriyenTala sIrIja, bar3audA, 1942 AcArya mammaTa, (saMpA0), DaoN0 nagendra, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1960 amara siMha, (saMpA0 ), zrI paM0 haragovinda zAstrI caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI, 1970 AcArya daNDI, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, (saMpA0), DaoN0 rAmalAla zarmA lezanala pablisiMga hAusa dillI - 6, dvitIya saMskaraNa - 1969 vAgbhaTa dvitIya, (saMpA0 ), paM0 zivadatta zarmA tulArAma jAvajI nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa- 1915 bhAvadevasUri (alaGkAra mahodadhi ke anta meM pR0 - 343 se 356 taka prakAzita vAmana, (saMpA0), DaoN0 nagendra AtmArAma eNDa sansa dillI - 6, san - 1954

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sandarbha grantha sUcI candrAloka pIyuSavarSa jayadeva, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI, 1937 jainAcAryoM kA alaGkArazAstra meM yogadAna DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina, (saMpA0), pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5, vi0 sa0-2041 hindI dhvanyAloka Ananda vardhana, (saMpA0), gautama buka Dipo naI sar3aka, naI dillI dvitIya saMskaraNa- 1972 nATyazAstra bharata muni, (saMpA0), baTuka nAtha zarmA, baladeva upA0, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI, 1929 hindI nATyazAstra bharata muni, (saMpA0), bAbUlAla zukla zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI, 1972 vAgbhaTAlaGkAra vAgbhaTa prathama, (saMpA0), DaoN. satya brata siMha, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1957 sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa bhoja DaoN0 kAmezvara nAtha mizra, caukhambhA oriyenTAliyA, vArANasI, 1974 abhinava bhAratI prathama tathA dvitIya bhAga gAyakavAr3a, oriyanTala sIrIja, bar3audA 278

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sandarbha grantha sUcI Rgveda saMhitA (saMpA0), paM0 zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavelakara, basanta sAtavelakara, svAdhyAya maNDala pAraNDI, balasAr3a kavi rahasyama halAyudha nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI aSTAdhyAyI pANini muni, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI 1965 kAvyaprakAza AcArya mammaTa, DaoN. satyavrata siMha, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI kAvyAlaGkAra AcArya bhAmaha, rAma deva zukla, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI bhAvaprakAzana kumArasambhava zAradAtanaya, gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIja, gujarAta kAlidAsa, zrI pradyumna pANDeya, caukhambhA, vArANasI jayazekharasUri, zrI Aryaracita pustakoddhAra saMsthA, jAmanagara saM0-2000 zrI jaina sambhavAkhyam jainakumArasambhava mahAkAvyam zrI jaya zekharasUri, jhuvAdaka paM0 hIrAlAla haMsa rAja bhIma siMha mANeka, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1900 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya DaoN0 satyavrata vizva bhAratI, prakAzana pandrahavIM, solahavIM, sattarahavIM zatAbdI meM racita 279

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saMskRta kAvya ke vikAza meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna saMskRta kavi darzana abhijJAna zAkuntalama RSabhadeva eka parizIlana arastu kA kAvyazAstra raghuvaMzama sandarbha grantha sUcI nema candra zAstrI bhAratIya jJAna pITha 620 / 21 netA jI subhASa mArga, dillI - 6 zrImadvAlmIki rAmAyaNam bholA zaMkara vyAsa, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1917 bharata aura bhAratIya nATya kalA- DaoN0 surendra nAtha dIkSita, rAjakamala prA0 limiTeDa phaijabAjAra, dillI-6 kAlidAsa, DaoN0 yadunandana mizra, caukhambhA vArANasI saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradAniketana 5 vI0 kastUrabA nagara sigarA, vArANasI devendra muni zAstrI, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala udaya pura rAjasthAna DaoN0 nagendra, hindI anusaMdhAna pariSad, dillI vi0vi0, dillI, vi0 saM0- 2014 kAlidAsa, DaoN0 zrIkRSNa maNi tripAThI, caukhambhA surabhAratI prakAzana vArANasI maharSi vAlmIki praNIta, (saMpA0 ), paM0 ziva rAma zarmA vaziSTha caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI 280

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sandarbha grantha sUcI kAlidAsa se sAkSAtkAra DaoN0 vidyAnivAsa mizra, sAhitya darpaNa zrI vizvanAtha kavirAja, vidyAvAcaspati sAhityAcArya, zrI zAligrAma zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgaloroDa, javAhara nagara, dillI-110007 1977