Book Title: Prakrit Vidya 02
Author(s): Rajaram Jain, Sudip Jain
Publisher: Kundkund Bharti Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003216/1

JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLY
Page #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ISSN No.0971-796x prAkRta diyA varSa 13, aMka 4 varSa 14, aMka 1 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka janavarI-jUna 2002 I. videhakuNDapura meM pratiSThApita hogI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI divyapratimA Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AvaraNa pRSTha ke bAre meM videha - kuNDapura (vaizAlI) meM paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava bhagavAn vardhamAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi videha - kuNDapura (vaizAlI) meM 'akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI' jaisI supratiSThita rASTrIya saMsthA ke tattvAvadhAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI eka bhavya evaM nayanAbhirAma pratimA kA paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava san 2005 meM atyaMta garimApUrvaka manAye jAne kI yojanA bana cukI hai| isake nimitta iTalI se zaradapUrNimA kI cA~danI jaisA dhavala evaM AbhAvAn saMgamaramara kA pASANa-khaNDa cuna liyA gayA hai / tathA vizeSajJa mUrtikAra usakI eka bhavya aura vizAla pratimA banAne ke liye kAryarata haiM / yaha samasta kArya dharmAnurAgI zrI sAhU rameza candra jaina, adhyakSa, digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI tathA zrI nareza kumAra seThI, adhyakSa, atizayakSetra zrImahAvIrajI kameTI Adi anekoM supratiSThita dharmAnurAgI mahAnubhAvoM kI sakriya dekharekha meM atyanta sAvadhAnI aura garimApUrvaka sampanna ho rahe haiM / isa pratiSThA-mahotsava kI garimApUrNa saphalatA ke liye jainasamAja ke variSThatama AcArya paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja se vinamra anurodha kiyA gayA hai| isake pIche samAja kA yahI Azaya hai ki pUjya AcAryazrI ke pAvana sAnnidhya evaM mArgadarzana meM gommaTezvara sahasrAbdI mahAmastakAbhiSeka samAroha (1981), gommaTagiri kI sthApanA kA bhavya-samAroha, zrImahAvIrajI sahasrAbdI mahAmastakAbhiSeka samAroha Adi anekoM kAryakrama abhUtapUrva garimApUrvaka sampanna huye haiM, tathA unhIM ke sAnnidhya meM yaha kAryakrama bhI zreSThatA ke naye mApadaNDa sthApita karegA / paramapUjya AcAryazrI ne usa samaya ke svAsthya kI anukUlatA Adi paristhitiyoM ko dekhate huye kAryakrama meM sAnnidhya pradAna karane kI anumati dI hai / sampUrNa samAja kI ora se yahI maMgala - prArthanA hai ki pUjya AcAryazrI kA svAsthya anukUla rahe, aura unakI pAvana - sannidhi meM yaha kAryakrama sampanna ho sake / yadi kisI svAsthya Adi aparihArI kAraNavaza pUjya AcAryazrI svayaM isa kAryakrama meM sammilita nahIM ho sake, to unakI ora se koI viziSTa pratinidhi ( munirAja ) avazya isa avasara para vahA~ sakriyarUpa se upasthita rheNge| vaise vartamAna svAsthya evaM manodazA ko dekhate huye yaha pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki pUjya AcAryazrI kI pAvana - sannidhi meM hI yaha paMcakalyANaka - pratiSThA-mahotsava abhUtapUrva garimA aura uccastarIya Ayojana ke sAtha sampanna hogA / pUjya AcAryazrI ne isa kAryakrama ko apanA maMgala- AzIrvAda tathA kAryakrama meM svayaM upasthita rahane kI svIkRti mAtra isIliye pradAna kI hai, ki akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara tIrthakSetra kameTI hI bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthoM kI ekamAtra pratinidhi saMsthA hai, aura usake viruddha prAcIna tIrthasthAnoM sambandhI kisI bhI vivAda ko prazraya na mile, tathA sabhI loga acchI taraha jAna leM, ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'videhakuNDapura' (vaizAlI) hI thI, na ki magadha prAnta ke 'nAlandA' ke samIpavartI 'baDagAMva'sbnal Use Only Jain sampAdaka www.jainenbrary.org Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ |ISSN No. 0971-796 x/ MA / / jayadu sud-devdaa|| prAkRta-vidyA PRAKRIT-VIDYA Pagad-Vijja pAgada-vijjA zaurasenI, prAkRta evaM sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI traimAsikI zodha-patrikA The quarterly Research Journal of Shaurseni, Prakrit & Cultural Values vIrasaMvat 2528 janavarI-jUna 2002 I0 varSa 13 aMka 4, varSa 14 aMka 1 Veersamvat 2528 January-June '2002 Year 13 & 14 Issue 4 & 1 AcArya kundakunda samAdhi-saMvat 2014 - mAnada pradhAna sampAdaka pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina nidezaka, kundakunda bhAratI jaina zodha saMsthAna Hon. Chief Editor PROF. (DR.) RAJA RAM JAIN Director, K.K.B. Jain Research Institute mAnada sampAdaka Hon. Editor DaoN. sudIpa jaina DR.SUDEEP JAIN ema.e. (prAkRta), pI-eca.DI. M.A. (Prakrit), Ph.D. . Publisher prakAzaka zrI sureza candra jaina maMtrI zrI kundakunda bhAratI TrasTa SURESH CHANDRA JAIN Secretary Shri Kundkund Bharti Trust vArSika sadasyatA zulka __ - pacAsa rupaye (bhArata) eka aMka - pandraha rupaye (bhArata) 6.0 % (DAlara) bhArata ke bAhara 1.5 $ (DAlara) bhArata ke bAhara prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 1. Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sampAdaka-maNDala DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI pro. (DaoN.) premasumana jaina DaoN. udayacandra jaina . pro. (DaoN.) zaziprabhA jaina prabandha sampAdaka DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina zrI kundakunda bhAratI (prAkRta bhavana) 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 phona (011)6564510,6513138 phaiksa (011)6856286 Kundkund Bharti (Prakrit Bhawan) 18-B, Spl. Institutional Area New Delhi-110067 Phone (91-11)6564510, 6513138 Fax (91-11)6856286. vajji -rakha isa deza ke prAcInatama gaNatantroM meM se eka sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI gaNatantra kA nAma 'vajji-gaNatantra' thA, ise vajjisaMgha' yA vajji-raTu' (vajjirASTra) yA vaizAlI gaNatantra' bhI kahA jAtA thaa| yaha vajji' zabda 'vRjina' zabda se nirmita hai, jisakA artha jinendra bhagavAn hai| cUMki vajji loga jinendra bhagavAn ke matAnuyAyI the, ata: unheM 'vajji' yA 'vRjina' saMjJA prApta huii| - 'dhanaJjaya nAmamAlA' (131) meM pApa ko jItanevAle ko vRjina' kahA gayA hai| cUMki jinendra matAnuyAyI antima samaya meM zarIra mAtra ko parigraha samajhakara usakA moha bhI tyAga dete the, aura sallekhanA-vidhi se svecchApUrvaka dehatyAga kara dete the; ata: unheM. 'vRjina' kahA gyaa| kAvyazikSA' meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko vRjinaM jina:' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai-- zrImannAbhi-narendrasya, nandano vRjinaM jin:| nItitrayI-latAkando, haratAdaghaghasmaraH / / -(kAvyazikSA, 29) .. zrImAn nAbhirAjA ke naMdana, samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpa nItitrayI-vallarIke kanda (satprasava), pApoM kA vinAza karanevAle bhagavAn RSabhadeva vRjinezvara hamAre kaluSoM kA kSaya kreN| ___ mahAkavi 'kalhaNa' ne kAzmIra nareza ko 'vRjina' kahakara jainamatAnuyAyI aura jinadharma-prabhAvaka ghoSita kiyA hai. 'ya: zAMtavRjino rAjA, prapanno jinazAsanam / ' ---(rAjataraMgiNI, 1/102) Rgveda meM bAIsaveM tIrthakara ariSTanemi (neminAtha) ko bhI vRjina' kahA gayA hai- 'ariSTanemi paridyAmiyAnaM, vidyAbheSaM vRjinaM ciirdaanm|' (Rgveda, 2/4/24) ** Jain Sallation International prAkatavidyA-janavarI-jana '2002 vaizAlika-mahAtIra-vipoSAMka y.org Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anukrama) lekhaka pRSTha saM0 AcArya malliSeNa DaoN. sudIpa jaina satIza candra jaina DaoN. yogendra mizra DaoN0 RSabhacanda jaina 'phaujadAra' DaoN. aravinda mahAjana DaoN. jayadeva mizra DaoN. zAnti jaina paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI kra. zIrSaka 01. maMgalAcaraNa : zrI vAgdevI stotram 02. sampAdakIya : kyA vardhamAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'vaizAlI-kuNDapura' nahIM hai? 03. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDapura' videha meM yA magadha meM 04. mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi : jaina sAhitya ke sandarbha meN| 05. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna 06. vaizAlI : janmabhUmi mahAvIra kI 07. varddhamAna aura vaizAlI : saMskRta-sAhitya ke sandarbha meM 08. sarvamAnya hai mahAvIra kI janmasthalI vaizAlI 09. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'kuNDalapura' yA ___'kuNDapura' (tathya aura satya) 10. vaizAlI-kuNDagrAma 11. vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra 12. vaizAlI-gaNatantra 13. kundakunda-vacanAmRta 14. mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI' kI mahimA 15. bhagavAn mahAvIra : vaizAlI kI divya-vibhUti 16. vaizAlI 17. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI vartamAna-sandarbha meM upayogitA 18. prAkRta sAhitya meM mahAvIra kA dharma darzana 19. mahAvIra kI acelaka paramparA 20. nArI-jAgaraNa ke kSetra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yogadAna 21. samrATa azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha mahAvIra-paramparA ke poSaka-tattva 22. mahAvIra-vANI 23. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsaka-darzana meM 'karuNA' 24. jainadharma kI paramparA aura tIrthakara RSabhadeva 25. jainadharma kA prasAra 26. 'nIrAjana' : svarUpa evaM paramparA 27. sAMkhya darzana : paramparA aura prabhAva 28. yaha dvAdazAMga kA cintana hai 29. bhAratIya AsthA ke svara 'jana-gaNa-mana....... 30. rASTrapati-sahasrAbdI-puraskAra' merA sammAna nahIM..... 31. pustaka samIkSA 32. abhimata 33. samAcAra darzana 34. isa aMka ke lekhaka lekhikAyeM paM. balabhadra jaina DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI zrI rAjamala jaina mizrIlAla jaina DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI mahopAdhyAya paM. baladeva upAdhyAya AcArya caturasena zAstrI pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina DaoN. udayacandra jaina zrImatI maMjUSA seThI pro. (DaoN.) vidyAvatI jaina pro. (DaoN.) zazi prabhA jaina 115 152 paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' 128 ajaya kumAra jhA 129 madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe 134 zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva 138 prabhAta kumAra dAsa 149 zrImatI raMjanA jaina DaoN. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA 162 DaoN. sudIpa jaina 163 pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina 167 172 177 184 203 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 003 Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (maMgalAcaraNa zrI vAgdevI stotram -AcArya malliSeNa candrArka-koTighaTitojjvaladivyamarte ! zrIcandrikAkalitanirmalasaprabhAse ! kAmArthade ! ca kalahaMsa-samAdhirUDhe ! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi!||1|| artha :-- he koTi-koTi candrasUryoM se nirmita ujjvala evaM divyasvarUpe ! he lakSmI aura candrAtapa (kaumudI) kalita svacchaprabhAdhAriNi ! he kAmanAoM aura artha-sampatti ko pradAna karanevAlI ! he rAjahaMsa-pRSTha-ArohaNazIle ! he amba ! vAgezvari ! devi ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN|| 1 / / devAsarendra-natamaulimaNi-praroci: zrI maJjarI-niviDa-rajita-pAdapadma ! nIlAlake ! pramadahasti-samAnayAne ! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi ! / / 2 / / artha :- he natamastaka hokara vandanA karanevAle devendroM evaM asurendroM kI mukuTamaNisphurita kiraNamaya zrI maMjarI se atizaya-raMjita caraNakamala vizobhite ! he nIla-zyAmakezini ! he mattagajendra-gAmini ! he amba ! devi ! vAgIzvari (vANI kI IzvarI) ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN|| 2 / / keyUra-hAra-maNi-kuNDala-mudrikAdyaiH sarvAMgabhUSaNa ! narendra-manIndravandha ! * nAnA-suratnavara-nirmalamauliyukte ! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi!|| 3 / / artha :- he amba ! Apa keyUra (aMgada-bAhudhAraNIya AbhUSaNa) hAra (grIvAbhUSaNa) tathA maNijaTita kuNDala tathA mudrikA (aMguli-alaMkAra) Adi sarvAMga ke AbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita haiM, narapati aura munIzvara ApakI vandanA karate haiN| ApakA maulimukuTa aneka zreSTha-ratnoM kI nirmala gumphana-vidhi se viracita hai| he devi ! vAgIzvari ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN|| 3 / / pUjye ! pavitrakaraNonnakAmarUpe ! nityaM phaNIndra-garuDAdhipa-kinnarendraiH ! vidyAdharendra sara yakSa samastavRndairvAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi ! / / 4 / / artha :-- he pUjanIye ! devi ! (divyarUpiNI) he pavitra indriyavatI evaM kAmanAoM ke 004 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ unnata svarUpa ko dhAraNa karanevAlI ! phaNIndra-garuDAdhipa-kinnarapati vidyAdhara-indra-devayakSa Adi sabhI se sAmUhikarUpa se stavanIye ! vAgIzvari ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN|| 4 / / kaMkeli-pallava-vinindaka-pANiyugme ! padmAsane ! divasapadma-samAnavaktre! jainendravaktra-bhavadivya-samastabhASe! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi!||5|| artha :- he azokavRkSa ke sukumAra-kisalaya (navIna patra) ko tiraskRta karanevAle karatala ko dhAraNa karanevAlI ! padma para virAjamAne ! dina meM vikasita honevAle kamala ke samAna mukhazobhA-vilasite ! bhagavAn jinendra ke mukha se samutpanna divya-dhvani ko samastarUpa se bhASaNa karane meM nipuNe ! he devi ! vAgIzvari ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN|| 5 / / maMjIrakotkanaka-kaMkaNa-kiMkiNInAM ! kAJcyAzca jhaMkRtaraveNa virAjamAne!. saddharmavArinidhisantata-vardhamAne ! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi ! / / 6 / / artha :- he devi ! Apa maMjIra (napura) khanakate hue kaMkaNa evaM kikiMNI aura kAMcI (kaTisUtra) se jhaMkRtasvara se virAjamAna haiN| saddharmarUpasamudra se siMcana se nirantara vRddhi ko prApta haiM athavA saddharmarUpa samudra ke samAna nirantara vardhiSNu haiM athavA saddharmasamudra meM nirantara samRddhi ko prApta karanevAlI haiM / he devi ! vAgIzvari ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN||6|| ardhandamaNDita jaTAlalitasvarUpe ! zAstraprakAzini ! samastakalAdhinAthe ! cinmudrikAjapazarAbhayamudrikAMke ! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi ! / / 7 / / artha :- he devi ! ApakI kezarAzi meM ardhacandramA kA mukuTa lagA hai, jisase ApakA rUpa atyadhika lalita ho uThA hai| he ambA ! Apa zAstroM ke gUr3hatattva kI prakAzayitrI haiN| sampUrNa kalAoM kI svAminI haiN| Apa jJAnamudrA, japamAlA, zara aura abhayamudrA se zobhita haiN| he vAgIzvari ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN|| 7 / / DiNDIrapiNDahimazaMkhasitAbhrahAre ! pUrNendubimbaruci-zobhita-divyagAtre! cAJcalyamAna mRgazAva-lalAmanetre ! vAgIzvari ! pratidinaM mama rakSa devi!||8|| artha :- he devi ! Apake gale meM virAjamAna hAra (puSpahAra athavA muktAmAlA) samudraphena, tuSAra (barpha), zaMkha aura kapUra ke samAna zveta kAnti hai| ApakA divya-zarIra pUrNimA ke candrabiMba kI kiraNoM ke samAna divya (taijas) haiM, Apake netra caMcala-mRgazizu ke netroM ke samAna maMjula (lAlama-sundara) haiN| he vAgezvari ! Apa pratidina merI rakSA kreN||8|| sarasvatyA prasAdena kAvyaM kurvanti mAnavA: / tasmAnnizcalabhAvena pUjanIyA srsvtii||9|| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 005 Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sarasvatI mayA dRSTA divyA kmllocnaa| haMsaskandhasamArUDhA viinnaapustkdhaarinnii|| 10 / / prathamaM bhAratI nAma dvitIyaM ca srsvtii| tatIyaM zAradAdevI caturthaM hNs-gaaminii|| 11 / / paMcamaM viduSAM mAtA SaSThaM vAgIzvarI tathA / kumArI saptamaM proktA aSTamaM brhmcaarinnii|| 12 / / artha :- manuSya sarasvatI bhagavatI ke kRpA-prasAda se kAvya racanA karane meM samartha hote haiM, ata: avicalabhAva se sarasvatI devI kI ArAdhanA karanI caahiye|| 9 / / maiMne mAtA sarasvatI ke puNyadarzana kiye haiM, vaha divyasvarUpA, kamalalocanA, haMsArUDhA aura vINA tathA pustaka dhAraNa karanevAlI haiN|| 10 / / prathama vaha bhAratI haiM, dvitIya srsvtii| zAradA devI unakA tRtIya nAma hai aura caturtha hNsgaaminii|| 11 / / vidvatkula kI mAtA, vAgIzvarI, kumArI brahmacAriNI, ye unake paMcama-SaSTha saptama aura aSTama nAma haiN|| 12 / / navamaM ca jaganmAtA dazamaM brAhmaNI tthaa| ekAdazaM tu brahmANI dvAdazaM varadA bhavet / / 13 / / vANI trayodazaM nAma bhASA caiva caturdazam / paMcadazaM zrutadevI SoDazaM gau nigdyte|| 14 / / etAni zrutanAmAni prAtarutthAya ya: paThet / tasya santuSyati mAtA zAradA varadA bhavet / / 15 / / sarasvatI ! namastubhyaM varade kaamruupinnii|| vidyArambhaM kariSyAmi siddhirbhavatu me sadA / / 16 / / artha :- navama se SoDaza-paryanta mAtA sarasvatI ke jaganmAtA, brAhmI-brahmANI, varadA, vANI, bhASA, zrutadevI aura SoDagau ... nAma haiN|| 13-14 / / ina zrutadevI ke nAmoM ko prAta:kAla uThakara jo par3hatA hai, usa para mAtA zAradA prasanna hotI haiM evaM vara-pradAna karatI hai| he mAta ! sarasvatI ! he varadAyini ! he sampUrNa kAmanAoM kI upalabdhi meM nityasamarthe ! Apako namaskAra hai| maiM vidyArambha karatA hU~, mujhe ApakI kRpA se sadaiva siddhi prApta ho|| 15-16 / / samyagdarzana bina duHkha pAya 'samatta-rahida-citto, joisa-maMtAdiehi vrseto| NirayAdisu bahudukkhaM, pAviya pavisadi nnigodmmi||' --(AcArya yativRSabha, tiloyapaNNatti, bhAga 1. 361, 262) artha :- samyagdarzana se vimukha cittavAlA jyotiSa aura mantra-tantrAdikoM se AjIvikA karatA huA puruSa narakAdi meM bahuta du:kha pAkara paramparA se nigoda meM praveza karatA hai| 106 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (sampAdakIya kyA vardhamAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi "vaizAlI-kuNDapura' nahIM hai? ___-DaoN. sudIpa jaina 'bhAratavAsye videhakuNDapure' - (AcArya pUjyapAda, nirvANabhakti, 4) bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI jaisI supratiSThita evaM nirvivAda saMsthA ne bhArata ke |. digambara-jainatIrthoM ke bAre meM vyApaka anusaMdhAna aura samarpaNapUrvaka prAmANika rIti se Ajataka kArya kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM usane bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthoM para kaI bhAgoM meM zAstrAkAra saMskaraNa bhI prakAzita kiye haiM, joki 'bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha' zIrSaka se prakAzita haiN| isI ke dvitIya bhAga meM bihAra, baMgAla evaM ur3IsA ke tIrthoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| jisake pRSTha 15 para yaha ullekha hai ki "sampUrNa prAcIna vAGmaya isa bAta meM ekamata hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra videha meM sthita kuNDagrAma meM utpanna hue the| jisa grantha meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kA varNana AyA hai, usameM kuNDapura ko hI janma-sthAna mAnA hai aura usa kuNDapura kI sthiti spaSTa karane ke lie videha kuNDapura' athavA 'videha janapada sthita kuNDapura' diyA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM kuNDapura yA isase milate-julate nAmavAle nagara eka se adhika hoNge| ata: bhrama-nivAraNa aura kuNDapura kI sahI sthiti batAne ke lie kuNDapura ke sAtha videha lagAnA pdd'aa|" abhI samAja kI eka saMsthA-vizeSa se sambaddha kucha vratI evaM brahmacArIjanoM dvArA isa viSaya meM AkSepAtmaka-lekha isa bAre meM likhe jA rahe haiM, jinameM samAja ko niSkriya kahA jA rahA hai, tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi videha-kuNDapura mAnanevAloM ko naraka-nigoda bhejane kI taiyArI ho rahI hai| aise uccapadoM para sthita janoM ko aise zabdoM kA prayoga zobhA nahIM detaa| kyA hI acchA hotA ki yadi sampUrNa AgamagranthoM ke Aloka meM tIrthakSetra kameTI evaM pramukha samAja ke vidvAnoM ko ekatra kara isa viSaya meM nirNaya liyA jaataa| Aja adhikAMza vidvAn evaM tIrthakSetra kameTI ekamata se svIkAra kara rahe haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'videha-kuNDapura' hI hai| yaha Alekha isa viSaya meM kaI mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko niSpakSarUpa se prastuta kara samAja ko spaSTa dizAbodha dene kI | eka naiSThika ceSTA hai| jaina-saMskRti bhArata kI hI nahIM, sampUrNa vizva kI eka prAcIna evaM susamRddha saMskRti rahI hai| Aja bhI isakI eka pratiSThita-paramparA cala rahI hai| bhale hI Aja kI pIr3hI apane prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 007 Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcIna-gaurava se pUrI taraha paricita na ho, kintu hamArA atIta hamAre vartamAna se kahIM adhika zAnadAra aura garimApUrNa rahA hai| usakA eka nidarzana yaha bhI hai ki hamAre deza kA nAma jaina-saMskRti ke mahApuruSoM ke nAma para AdhArita rahA hai| isakA sabase prAcIna nAmakaraNa 'ajanAbhavarSa' milatA hai, jo ki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke pitAzrI mahArAja nAbhirAya ke nAma para AdhArita hai| kRSiyuga meM jainoM kA kitanA vyApaka prabhAva thA, yaha bAta isase spaSTa hai, kintu isa mahattva se Aja kA jainasamAja prAya: aparicita hai| 'ajanAbhavarSa' nAmakaraNa ke bAre meM prasiddha purAtattvavettA evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJa vidvAn DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla likhate haiM-- svAyambhuva manu ke putra priyavrata, priyavrata ke putra agnIdhra, agnIdhra ke putra nAbhi, nAbhi ke putra RSabha aura RSabhadeva ke sau putra hue, jinameM 'bharata' jyeSTha the| yahI nAbhi 'ajanAbha' bhI kahalAte the, jo atyanta-pratApI the aura jinake nAma para yaha deza 'ajanAbhavarSa' khlaayaa|" __isa tathya kI puSTi vaidika-paramparA ke purANa-grantha bhI karate haiM "himAhvayaM tu vai varSaM nAbherAsIt mhaatmn:|" arthAt 'hima' nAmaka yaha kSetra (himAlaya se lekara samudraparyanta kI bhUmi) mahApuruSa nAbhirAya ke nAma se (ajanAbhavarSa) prasiddha thaa| "himAdi-jaladheranta bhikhaMDamiti smRtam / " artha :- himAlaya parvata se lekara samudraparyanta yaha deza 'nAbhikhaNDa' (ajanAbhavarSa) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| bAda meM inhIM nAbhirAja ke pautra evaM RSabhadeva ke putra cakravartI bharata ke nAma para isa deza kA nAmakaraNa 'bhAratavarSa' huaa| itanA hI nahIM, RSabhadeva ke putroM ke nAma para isa deza ke vibhinna pradezoM ke nAmakaraNa hue the, jinameM se kucha kA ullekha Age kiyA jA rahA hai| vizeSa-anusaMdhAna se isa bAre meM pUrA vivaraNa mila sakatA hai| __ jainapurANoM meM varNita anekoM parvatoM ke bAre meM zrI esa. mujaphpharaalI ne apanI pustaka 'The Geography of the Puranas' meM vistAra se varNana karate huye rUsa ke anekoM parvatoM se unakA sAmya vyApaka anusaMdhAnapUrvaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| vastuta: bhaugolika pramANoM kI gahana-anusaMdhAnapUrvaka kI gaI prastuti ke kSetra meM jainetara vidvAnoM ne gambhIratApUrvaka kAma kiyA hai, jabaki jaina vidvAn isa kSetra meM apanA koI vizeSa prabhAva nahIM chor3a pAye haiN| . bhArata ke anekoM prAntoM meM jainadharma kA itanA adhika prabhAva thA ki brAhmaNa unameM yAtrA-nimitta jAnA bhI ucita nahIM samajhate the| isa bAre meM yaha ullekha draSTa vya hai-- "aMga-baMga-kaliMgeSu saurASTra-mAgadheSu c| tIrthayAtrAM vinA gatvA puna: saMskAramarhati / / " isakA abhiprAya vizva hindI-koza' meM yaha diyA gayA hai ki aMga, baMga, kaliMga, saurASTra 008 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aura mAgadha Adi prAntoM meM jainazramaNa adhika the, ataeva brAhmaNoM ne ina prAntoM meM tIrthayAtrA ke alAvA jAne kI dhArmika taura para manAhI kara dI thii| kyoMki unake yahA~ to spaSTa-nIti hai ki hastinA tAyamAno'pi na gcchejjainmndirm|' arthAt hAthI se mAre jAne kI sthiti utpanna hone para bhI jainamandira nahIM jaanaa| eka prasiddha jainAcArya vidyAnanda svAmI huye, jinhoMne AptaparIkSA, tattvArthazlokavArttika Adi anekoM mahAn granthoM kI racanA kI, ve mUla meM vedAnta ke bahuta bar3e AcArya the| eka dina ve pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha jA rahe the, to rAste meM eka jaina-mandira meM kisI jaina munirAja ke mu~ha se unhoMne devAgama-stotra' nAmaka stuti kA pATha sunaa| vaha sunate hI unake vicAra badala gaye, aura ve svayaM to jaina sAdhu bane hI, sAtha hI unake sAre ziSya bhI jainadharma meM dIkSita ho gye| tabhI se jainetaroM meM yaha kahAvata pracalita ho gaI kI bhale hI hAthI ke paira ke nIce Akara mara jAnA, kintu jaina-mandira meM nahIM jAnA, usake sAmane se bhI nahIM gujaranA, nahIM ho tuma bhI jaina bana jaaoge| tIrthakara mahApuruSoM ke anekoM kalyANakoM ke puNya-sAnnidhya se pavitra huI Adhunika 'bihAra' prAnta kI bhUmi meM tIna pramukha-kSetra the, jinheM 'aMga', 'mAgadha' evaM 'videha' ke nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| inameM 'aMga'-deza 'campAvatI' yA campApura' ke nAma se prasiddha thA, jise Aja 'bhAgalapura' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| magadhadeza rAjagRha' (rAjagIra) evaM isake samIpavartI pradeza kA nAma thA, jisameM 'nAlandA' (nAlagrAma) Adi prasiddha nagara haiN| ye donoM prAnta gaMgA-nadI ke dakSiNI-bhAga meM sthita the tathA gaMgA-nadI ke uttarI-bhAga meM videha' pradeza thA. jisameM 'vaizAlI' nagarI atiprasiddha thii| isaprakAra gaMgA-nadI ne bihAra-prAnta ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara rakhA thA, jo kramaza: 'uttarI bihAra' evaM 'dakSiNI bihAra' ke nAma se Aja bhI jAne jAte haiN| gaMgA ke uttarI-bhAga ko uttarI bihAra' kahA jAtA hai, isI ko prAcInakAla meM videha-janapada' yA videha-deza' kahate the| tathA gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNI-bhAga ke pradeza ko 'dakSiNa-bihAra' kahA jAtA hai, isI ke antargata prAcInakAla se 'aMga' evaM 'magadha' deza Ate the| ___ yaha eka sukhada-saMyoga hai ki ina dezoM-pradezoM kA nAmakaraNa Adi-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke do putroM ke nAma para huA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dIkSA lene ke pUrva zrI RSabhadeva ne apane putroM ko alaga-alaga sthAnoM kA rAjA banA diyA thaa| unameM se kaI patroM ke nAma para unake rAjyoM kA nAma pdd'aa| aise putroM ke nAma haiM-- kuru (kurudeza-pazcimI uttara pradeza), aMga (aMgadeza-bhAgalapura kSetra), baMga (sampUrNa baMgAlapradeza), kauzala (kauzalapradeza-ayodhyAsaMbhAga), kaliMga (kaliMgadeza yA dakSiNI ur3IsA), mAgadha (mAgadhadeza yA dakSiNI bihAra) videha (videhadeza), kAzyapa (kAzmIra, yaha dhyAtavya hai ki samrATa akabara ke jamAne meM kAzmIra meM jainoM kA vyApaka prabhAva thA, aura usane apanI 'AIne-akabarI' nAmaka pustaka meM isakA prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 109 Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ spaSTa ullekha bhI kiyA hai) malaya (malayadeza yA kerala) evaM surASTra (saurASTra prdesh)| inameM sattAIsaveM putra 'mAgadha' ke nAma para deza kA nAma 'magadha' yA 'mAgadha' par3A tathA aTThAIsaveM putra videha' ke nAma para usa deza kA bhI videha' pdd'aa| isI krama meM cakravartI bharata ne bhI apanI nauvIM pautrI 'kumArI' ke liye bhArata ke dakSiNI samudrataTa kA rAjya diyA thA, usIke nAma para 'kanyAkumArI' nAmaka kSetra Aja bhI prasiddha hai| ___koza-granthoM meM ina donoM dezoM ke bAre meM jo paricaya milatA hai, prathamata: vaha saMkSiptarUpa meM prastuta hai1. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza___ magaha-magadha (puM.)-rAjagRhapratibaddhe Arya jnpde| magahapura-magadhapura (npuN.)| videha(pu.)-RSabhadevasya aSTAviMzatitame putre, tadrAjye mithilAnagarI-pratibaddha jnpde|..... iheva bhArahe vAse puvvadese videhA NAmaM jnnvyaa| saMpaikAle tirahutti deso tti bhnnnni| videhajaccavidehajArca (puM.)- videhA-trizalA, tasyAM jAtA arcA zarIraM yasya sa tathA vIrasvAmIti / 2. zabdakalpadruma- videhaH (paM.)-janakAnvaya bhUmiyaH / videhA (strI.)-mithilA - iti hemcndr:|10 magadha: (puM.)--magaM doSaM dadhAti iti / ..... kIkaTadeza: / adhunA bihArAkhyadezasya dkssinnbhaagH|" 3. saMskRta-hindI-koza___ magadha: (puM.)-eka deza kA nAma, bihAra kA dakSiNI bhaag|" videhA: (pu.ba.va.)vigato deho dehasaMbaMdho yasya / eka deza kA nAma, prAcIna mithilaa| 4. hindI vizvakoza videha - (saM.puM.)--rAjA janaka, prAcIna mithilA (vartamAna tirahuta), kAyazUnya yA jo zarIra se rahita ho|.... jo siddhilAbha karate haiM, unheM 'videha' kahate haiN| prapautra: zakunestasya bhUpate: prapitRvyaja: / athAvahadazokAkhya: satyasaMdho vasuMdharAm / / ya: zAntavRjino rAjA prapanno jinazAsanam / zuSkaletrabitastAtro tastAra stUpamaNDalaiH / / dharmAraNyavihArAntarbitastAtrapurezbhavat / yatkRtaM caityamutsedhAvadhiprAptyakSamekSaNam / / sa SaNNavatyA gehAnAM lakSairlakSmIsamujjvalaiH / garIyasI purIM zrImAMzcakre zrInagarI nRpaH / / artha :- usake bAda rAjA zakuni kA prapautra satyapratijJa azoka pRthvI kA zAsaka huaa| vaha puNyAtmA thA, jainadharma ko svIkAra kara usane 'zuSkaletra' aura 'vitastAtra' nAmaka do sthAnoM para anekoM mAnastaMbha bnvaaye| usane vitastAtrapura ke dharmAraNya vihAra meM itanA U~cA jaina-mandira banavAyA thA, ki jisakI U~cAI kA nirNaya karane meM darzakoM kI A~kheM asamartha ho jAtI thiiN| usa paramapratApI evaM atizaya dhanADhya rAjA ne dhanajana se paripUrNa chiyAnaveM lAkha svarNa-mudrAyeM kharca karake divyabhavanoM se vibhUSita bahuta bar3A 'zrInagara' nAmaka nagara bsaayaa| - (mahAkavi kalhaNakRta 'rAjataraMgiNI' 1/101-104, prakAzaka-paNDita pustakAlaya kAzI, san 1960 IsvI) 00 10 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ videhapura (saM.napuM.)-rAjA janaka kI rAjadhAnI / videhA - (saM.strI.)-mithilA nagarI aura usa pradeza kA nAma / videhin (sN.puN.)-brhm|" magadha:--'Rgveda' meM isako kIkaTa' kahA gayA hai| atharvaveda' meM magadha nAma vidyamAna hai| isakI sabase prAcIna nagarI kA nAma 'girivraja' thaa| buddhadeva ke samaya biMbisAra kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha thI, yaha girivraja ke nikaTa hI thaa|... magadha meM gayA, puna:-puna: nadI, cyavana kA Azrama aura rAjagRha vana, Adi pavitra tathA puNya-sthAna haiN| isIliye inakA hindU, bauddha tathA jainI Adara karate A rahe haiN| "kIkaTeSu gayA puNyA nadI puNyA puna: pun:|| cyavanAzramaM puNyaM puNyaM rAjagRhaM vanam / / "15 paTanA vizvavidyAlaya ke itihAsa-vibhAga' ke prasiddha vidvAn DaoN. oma prakAza prasAda ke zabda isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiM ___ "dUsarA mahattvapUrNa janapada 'magadha' thaa|.... isakA vistAra Adhunika bihAra-rAjya ke 'gayA' aura 'paTanA' jiloM ke barAbara sambhavata: thaa| isake uttara meM 'gaMgA', pazcima meM 'sona', dakSiNa meM vindhyAcalaparvatazreNI kA bar3hA huA bhAga aura pUrva meM 'campA' nadI thii| ... 'magadha' (magadhA) nAmaka kSatriyajAti kI nivAsabhUmi hone ke kAraNa yaha janapada 'magadha' khlaayaa| magadha kI rAjadhAnI 'rAjagRha' thii|"16 ___ "vajjI-gaNatantra kI sthApanA 'videha' ke rAjatantra ke patana ke samaya huI thii|... vajjIsaMgha kA pradeza gaMgA ke uttara meM nepAla kI tarAI taka phailA thaa| isameM Adhunika bihAra-rAjya meM sthita mujaphpharapura, campAraNa, darabhaMgA aura sAraNa ke adhikAMza-bhAga sammilita the| isake pUrva meM 'bAgamatI' nadI aura pazcima meM 'gaNDaka' nadI thii| isakI sImA 'malla-gaNatantra' aura 'magadha-rAjya' se milatI thii|"17 . prakhyAta manISI DaoN. dhIrendra varmA 'videha' kA paricaya dete hue likhate haiM "kosala ke pUrva meM gaMDaka ke Age bihAra kA vartamAna 'mithilA' pradeza prAcInakAla meM 'videgha' yA 'videha' janapada ke nAma se prasiddha thaa|.... kosalAdhipati rAma kI strI sItA videhAdhipati janaka kI kanyA thii|..... videha-janadapada vRji' (vajji) gaNa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA thaa| isake antargata ATha jana the, jinameM 'videha' aura 'licchivi' pradhAna the| vRjigaNa kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' ho gayI thii|..... 'darabhaMgA' ke rUpa meM 'videha-janapada' kA pRthak-astitva Aja bhI smaraNa ho AtA hai|"18 aitihAsika sthAnAvalI' ke lekhaka DaoN. vijayendra kumAra mAthura ne 'magadha' aura videha' kA paricaya nimnAnusAra diyA haimagadha bauddhakAla tathA paravartIkAla meM uttarI-bhArata kA sabase adhika zaktizAlI janapada thaa| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 10 11 Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isakI sthiti sthUlarUpa se dakSiNa-bihAra ke pradeza meM thii| magadha kA sarvaprathama ullekha 'atharvaveda' (5,22,14) meM hai-'gaMdhArimbhyo mUjavadbhyogebhyo magadhebhya: preSyan janamiva zevadhiM takmAnaM paridadmasi' / isase sUcita hotA hai ki prAya: uttara-vaidikakAla taka magadha Arya-sabhyatA ke prabhAva-kSetra ke bAhara thaa|' 'vAjasenIya saMhitA' (30,5) meM mAgadhoM yA magadha ke cAraNoM kA ullekha hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' (bAla. 32,8-9) meM magadha ke 'girivraja' kA nAma 'vasumatI' kahA gayA hai aura 'sumAgadhI' nadI ko isa nagara ke nikaTa bahatI huI batAyA gayA hai--'eSA vasumatI nAma vasostasya mahAtmanaH, ete zailavarA: paMca prakAzante samaMtata:, sumAgadhInadI ramyA mAgadhAnvizrutA''yayau, paMcAnAM zailamukhyAnAM madhye mAleva zobhate' / mahAbhArata ke samaya meM magadha meM jarAsaMdha kA rAjya thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI 'girivraja' meM thii| jarAsaMdha kI mRtyu ke samaya zrIkRSNa arjuna aura bhIma ke sAtha magadha-deza meM sthita isI nagara meM Ae the-gorathaM girimAsAdya dadRzurmAgadhaM puram' - (mahAbhArata, sabhAparva 20,30) / jarAsaMdha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhIma ne jaba pUrva dizA kI digvijaya kI, to unhoMne jarAsaMdha ke putra sahadeva ko, apane saMrakSaNa meM le liyA aura usase kara grahaNa kiyA tata: suhmAn prasuhmAMzca sapakSAnativIryavAn vijitya yudhikauMteyo mAgadhAnabhyadhAd balI' / 'jArAsaMdhi sAntvayitvA kare ca vinivezya ha' (sabhAparva, 30, 16-17) / gautama buddha ke samaya meM magadha meM biMbisAra aura tatpazcAt usake putra ajAtazatru kA rAja thaa| isa samaya 'magadha' kI 'kosala' janapada se bar3I anabana thii| yadyapi kosala-nareza prasenajit kI kanyA kA vivAha biMbisAra se huA thaa| isa vivAha ke phalasvarUpa kAzI kA janapada magadharAja ko daheja ke rUpa meM milA thaa| yaha magadha ke utkarSa kA samaya thA aura paravartI zatiyoM meM isa janapada kI zakti barAbara bar3hatI rhii| cauthI zatI I.pU. meM magadha ke zAsaka nava naMda the| inake bAda candragupta maurya tathA azoka ke rAjyakAla meM magadha ke prabhAvazAlI rAjya kI zakti apane uccatama-gaurava ke zikhara para pahu~cI huI thI aura magadha kI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra bhArata bhara kI rAjanItika- sattA kA kendra-bindu thii| magadha kA mahattva isake pazcAt bhI kaI zatiyoM taka banA rahA aura guptakAla ke prAraMbha meM kAphI samaya taka gupta-sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra hI meM rhii| jAna par3atA hai ki kAlidAsa ke samaya (saMbhavata: 5vIM zatI I.) meM bhI magadha kI pratiSThA pUrvavat thI; kyoMki raghuvaMza' (6,21) meM iMdumatI ke svayaMvara ke prasaMga meM magadhanareza paraMtapa kA bhArata ke saba rAjAoM meM sarvaprathama ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM magadha-nareza kI rAjadhAnI ko kAlidAsa ne 'puSpapura' meM batAyA hai-'prAsAdavAtAyana-saMzritAnAM netrotsavaM puSpapurAMganAnAm' 6,24 / gupta-sAmrAjya kI avanati ke sAtha-sAtha hI 'magadha' kI pratiSThA bhI kama ho calI aura chaThI-sAtavIM zatiyoM ke pazcAt 'magadha' bhArata kA eka choTA-sA prAMta mAtra raha gyaa| madhyakAla meM yaha 'bihAra' nAmaka prAMta meM vilIna ho gayA aura magadha kA pUrva-gaurava itihAsa kA viSaya bana gyaa| jaina-sAhitya meM aneka-sthaloM para magadha tathA usakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha' (prAkRta-rAyagiha) kA ullekha hai|" 00 12 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ videha uttarI-bihAra kA prAcIna-janapada, jisakI rAjadhAnI 'mithilA' thii| sthUlarUpa se isakI sthiti vartamAna 'tirahuta' ke kSetra meM mAnI jA sakatI hai| 'kosala' aura 'videha' kI sImA para sadAnIrA' nadI bahatI thii| brAhmaNa-graMthoM meM videharAja janaka ko 'samrATa' kahA gayA hai, jisase uttara-vaidikakAla meM videha-rAjya kA mahattva sUcita hotA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' meM sItA ke pitA mithilAdhipa janaka ko vaideha' kahA gayA hai--'evamuktvA munizreSThaM vaideho mithilAdhipa:' (bAla. 65,39) / sItA isIkAraNa vaidehI' kahalAtI thiiN| 'mahAbhArata' meM videhadeza para bhIma kI vijaya kA ullekha hai tathA janaka ko yahA~ kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai, jo nizcayapUrvaka hI videha-narezoM kA kulanAma thA--'zarmakAn varmakAMzcaiva vyajayat sAntvapUrvakam, vaidehakaM rAjAnaM janakaM jagatIpatim' -(sabhAparva, 30,13) / bhAsa ne svapnavAsavadattam' aMka 6 meM sahasrAnIka ke vaidehIputra' nAmaka putra kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase aisA jAna par3atA hai ki usakI mAtA videha kI rAjakumArI thii| vAyupurANa' (88,7-8) meM nimi ko videha-nareza batAyA gayA hai| viSNupurANa' (4,13,107) meM videhanagarI (mithilA) kA ullekha haivarSatrayAnte ca babhrUgrasena-prabhRtibhiryAdavairna tadratnaM kRSNonApahRtamiti kRtAvagatibhirvidehanagarI gatvA baladeva: sampratyAyya dvArakAmAnIta:' / bauddha-kAla meM saMbhavata: bihAra ke vRjji' tathA 'licchavI' janapadoM kI bhA~ti bhI videha bhI gaNarAjya bana gayA thaa| jaina-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ko jaina-sAhitya meM 'videhadattA' kahA gayA hai| isa samaya vaizAlI kI sthiti videha-rAjya meM mAnI jAtI thii| buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya meM vaizAlI licchavI-gaNarAjya kI bhI rAjadhAnI thii| tathya yaha jAna par3atA hai ki isa kAla meM videha' nAma saMbhavata: sthUlarUpa se uttarI-bihAra ke sampUrNa-kSetra ke lie prayukta hone lagA thaa|20 jaina-paramparA ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahApuruSa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma isI videhaprAnta' meM huA thaa| prAcya bhAratIya bhUgola ke vizeSajJoM ne videha-prAnta kI sthiti Adhunika bihAra meM gaMgA ke uttaravartI kSetra ke rUpa meM mAnI hai| unake anusAra gaMgA ke uttara kA bhAga 'videha' kahalAtA thA, tathA gaMgA ke dakSiNa kA bhAga 'magadha' kahalAtA thaa| isa viSaya meM bhArata sarakAra ke dvArA svIkRta mAnacitra kI prati isa aMka ke pRSThabhAga para darzAyI gaI hai| samasta prAcIna AcAryoM, vidvAnoM evaM Adhunika gaveSI anusaMdhAtAoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma videha- prAnta meM hI mAnA hai| usa samaya videha-prAnta kA pramukha mahAnagara vaizAlI' thA, joki vajji-gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI bhI thaa| isI vaizAlI mahAnagara ke nikaTavartI 'kuNDapura' ko mahArAjA siddhArtha kI rAjadhAnI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA, jaisAki isa mAnacitra se spaSTa hai| prAcInakAla meM vaizAlI aura kuNDapura do bhinna-bhinna nahIM mAne jAte the, isIliye donoM kA eka sAtha ullekha aneka mahattvapUrNa-prasaMgoM meM kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka-do uddharaNa draSTavya haiM prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 13 Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya kI eka prAcIna mudrA (sIla) vaizAlI ke utkhanana meM purAtattva-vibhAga ke anusaMdhatAoM ko prApta huI hai, jisameM utkIrNa hai-- vesAlInAmakuMDe kumArAmAtyAdhikaraNa (sy)| isakA artha hai vaizAlI nAmaka kuNDagrAma meM kumArAmAtya ke adhikrnn| isa purAtAttvika pramANa ke atirikta pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prakhyAta jainAcArya pUjyapAda devanandi dvArA viracita 'dazabhakti-saMgraha' meM nirvANa-bhakti (4) meM ullikhita hai'bhAratavAsye videha-kuNDapure' / isameM bhI videha-prAnta meM kuNDapura kA honA spaSTa siddha hotA hai| isa videha-prAnta kI mahimA kA varNana karate huye AcArya jinasena harivaMzapurANa' meM likhate haiM- 'atha dezosti vistArI jambUdvIpasya bhaarte| videha iti vikhyAta: svargakhaNDasama: shriyaa||| artha :-- isa jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM lakSmI se svarga-khaNDa kI tulanA karanevAlA, 'videha' isa nAma se prasiddha eka bar3A vistRta deza hai| 'sukhAmbha:kuNDamAbhAti nAmnA kuNDapuraM puram / / artha :- usa videha deza meM sukharUpI jala ke kuNDa ke samAna pratIta honevAlA 'kuNDapura' nAma kA eka aisA sundara nagara hai| 'videhaviSaye kuNDasajJAyAM puri bhUpati: / nAtho nAthakulasyaika: siddhArthAkhyastrisiddhibhAk / tasya puNyAnubhAvena priyaasiitpriykaarinnii||23 artha :- videha-deza ke kuNDapura meM nAthavaMza ke ziromaNi evaM tInoM siddhiyoM se sampanna rAjA siddhArtha rAjya karate the| puNya ke prabhAva se priyakAriNI trizalA unhIM kI gRhalakSmI (dharmapatnI) huI thii| __ isa kuNDapura meM hI rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI priyakAriNI trizalA kI kukSi meM bhagavAn mahAvIra bAlaka vardhamAna ke rUpa meM janme the| isa kuNDapura ke bAre meM AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI munirAja kA abhiprAya thA "usa samaya kuNDagrAma vaizAlI nagarI meM sammilita thaa|"24 isaliye mahAvIra ko janapada videha kI dRSTi se 'vaideha' kahA gayA aura kuNDagrAma vaizAlI kA * eka upanagara thA, isaliye unheM vaizAlika' kahA gyaa| isakI puSTi prakhyAta vidvAn DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke isa vAkya se bhI hotI hai "abhiSeka ke pazcAt indra unheM vaizAlI ke rAjamArgoM se kuNDagrAma lAyA aura indrANI ne pUrvavat prasUtigRha meM jAkara zizu vardhamAna ko mAtA priyakAriNI ke bagala meM sulA diyaa|"25 _____ mahAvIra ke samaya meM gaMgA ke dakSiNavartI-prAnta magadha meM kucha loga 'kuNDalapura' kI kalpanA kara usameM mahAvIra ke janma kI bAteM karate haiM, ve saMbhavata: itihAsa ke isa tathya ko nahIM jAnate ki gaMgA ke dakSiNavartI manadha-prAnta meM usa samaya bimbasAra zreNika kA zAsana thaa| ata: vahA~ para rAjA siddhArtha kA zAsana honA aura unake ghara mahAvIra kA janma honA 00 14 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kataI asambhava hai / bauddha grantha 'dIghanikAya' meM usa samaya ajAtazatru kA zAsana magadha meM honA likhA hai-- 'tena kho pana samayena rAjA mAgadhe ajAtasattu vedehiputta vajjI abhiyAtukAmo hoti' isakA artha hai ki usa samaya magadha kA rAjA ajAtazatru kuNika thA, aura vaha vaidehIputra ke vajjipradeza para car3hAI karanA cAhatA thA / - itihAsa sAkSI hai ki buddha ke kAla taka vaizAlI kI garimA advitIya thI, phira ajAtazatru kuNika ne use padadalita kiyA / tathA samudragupta dvitIya ke kAla meM bhI vaizAlI ko lUTA gayA / prathama cInI yAtrI phAhyAna ke samaya taka vaizAlI kI kucha garimA bacI huI thI, jabaki hvenasAMga ke samaya vaizAlI khaNDahara ke rUpa meM badala gaI thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANotsava ke suavasara para prakAzita homa eja TU vaizAlI' nAmaka vaizAlI abhinandana - grantha meM anekoM vizvavikhyAta itihAsakAroM, purAtattvavidoM evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJoM ne gahana - 3 na-anusaMdhAnapUrvaka yaha siddha kiyA hai ki vaizAlI ke cAra bhAga the aura usake eka bhAga kA nAma kuNDapura yA kSatriya - kuNDagrAma thaa| isI kSatriya-kuNDagrAma meM rAjA siddhArtha ke ghara bhagavAn mahAvIra bAlaka vardhamAna ke rUpa meM janme aura unhoMne advitIya puruSArtha dvArA paramAtma- pada prApta kara satya, ahiMsA Adi siddhAntoM ke utkRSTa svarUpa kA sampUrNa deza meM apanI divyadhvani ke mAdhyama se prarUpaNa kiyA / pUjana-pATha-pradIpa ke lekhaka paM. hIrAlAla jI jaina 'kauzala' ne isa pustaka ke pR.saM. 305 para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna 'kSatriya - kuNDagrAma' (kuMDalapura - vaizAlI) bihAra prarUpita kiyA hai| kucha logoM ko na jAne kisa bhramavaza videha - prAnta ke kuNDapura ko magadha-prAnta ke nAlandA ke pAsa sthita 'bar3agA~va' meM kuNDalapura hone kA AbhAsa ho gayA aura vahA~ prabhUta- dhanarAzi kI kisI mahattvAkAMkSI pariyojanA bana jAne ke kAraNa usakI niSphalatA ke bhaya se ve isa jvalaMtasatya ko svIkAra nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| merA unase anurodha hai ki isa deza ke pratyeka prAnta meM eka nAmavAle kaI grAma-nagara pahale bhI the, aura aba bhI haiM; ata: mAtra nAmakaraNa kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para magadha prAnta ke nAlandA ke nikaTavartI kuNDalapura (bar3agA~va) nAmaka grAma ko videha ke kuNDa ke rUpa meM kalpita karanA dharmAnurAgI janatA ko gumarAha karanA hai / vahA~ para jIrNoddhAra ke kArya hoM, isase mujhe koI etarAja nahIM hai; kintu usa jagaha ko mahAvIra kI 'janmabhUmi 'kuNDapura' ke rUpa meM dhuAMdhAra pracArita kara dhana-saMgraha kA mAdhyama banAyA jAye yaha bAta avazya cintA ke yogya hai| aise loga, jo itihAsa aura bhUgola ke jJAna ko tuccha mAnate haiM, ve aitihAsika nagarI kuNDapura ke bhaugolika astitva ke bAre meM apanA abhimata hI kyoM de rahe haiM? jo vyakti jisa viSaya kA jJAtA nahIM ho, use usa viSaya ke bAre meM vaktavya nahIM denA cAhiye, anyathA usakI ajJatA prakaTa ho jaayegii| aura yadi prAmANika jAnakArI ke binA koI vaktavya de bhI diyA hai, to sapramANa tathyoM kI jAnakArI mila jAne para use ImAnadArI ke sAtha svIkAra kara lenA caahiye| kintu aisA dekhA jA rahA hai ki usa kSetra ke jIrNoddhAra ke nAma para jo vipula dhanarAzi ke saMgraha kI mahattvAkAMkSI yojanA zurU kI hai, usake Thappa par3a jAne prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 15 Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ke Dara se magadha-prAnta ke nAlandA-kuNDalapura ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi pracArita karanevAle loga videha-kuNDapura meM mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi batAnevAloM ko naraka-nigoda bhejane ke phatave de rahe haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaidikoM ke dvArA mAne gaye jagat-sRSTA Izvara ko inhoMne apaneApa meM mAna liyA hai, aura usI ahaM bhAva se ye soca rahe haiM ki inake kahane mAtra se satya ko svIkAra karanevAle naraka-nigoda cale jaayeNge| jaba unheM gaMgA ke uttaravartI videha meM mahAvIra ke janma kI bAta prAmANikarUpa se batAI gayI, to ve ThiThAI ke sAtha bole ki nadiyoM kI dhArA apanA sthAna badalatI rahatI hai, ho sakatA hai ki pahale gaMgA-nadI ke uttara meM hI magadha prAnta meM nAlandA-kuNDalapura rahA hogaa| aisI kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para hI yadi satya kA nirNaya honA hai, to madhyapradeza ke damoha jile meM sthita kuNDalapura' ko bhI mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki nAma to usakA bhI kuNDalapura' hI hai| kyA hI acchA ho ki isa pUrvAgrahI apramANika pralApa ko banda kara satya ko svIkAra kareM, aura nAlandA-kuNDalapura ke jIrNoddhAra kI yojanA bhale hI calAyeM, kintu use 'mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi' kahakara samAja ko digbhramita na kareM, aura usakI AsthA kA dhanAdohana karane kI koziza na kreN| merA unase vinamra anurodha hai ki itihAsa aura bhUgola ke tathyoM ko svIkAra kara samAja meM phaila rahe bhrAmaka-vAtAvaraNa ko dUra kara svastha aura nirdhAnta-vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kareM, tAki samAja kI sakriyatA vikAsa ke naye AyAma sthApita kara ske| ___ maiM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke sau putroM ke nAma para sthApita bhArata ke vibhinna rAjyoM kA bhI prAmANika anusaMdhAna karanA cAhatA huuN| aura isa dizA meM kArya bhI kara rahA hU~, kintu kisI bar3e pustakAlaya kA abhAva aura apekSita saMsAdhana na hone se yaha kArya zIghra sampanna nahIM ho pA rahA hai| yadi aise saMsAdhana mileM to maiM na kevala yaha kArya, apitu jaina-saMskRti, itihAsa aura bhUgola Adi ke kSetra meM aura bhI anekoM mahattvapUrNa anusaMdhAna karanA cAhatA huuN| kintu kyA mAtra cAvala car3hAne aura vidhAna-pUjana karAne meM hI apane dhana kA upayoga mAnanevAlI isa jainasamAja se mujha jaise anusaMdhAtAoM ko kabhI koI apekSita saMsAdhana mila sakeMge? kRpayA samAja ke karNadhAra isa kSetra meM vicAra kreN| sandarbhagranthasUcI 1. dra, mArkaNDeyapurANa : sAMskRtika adhyayana, pAdaTippaNa saM0 1, pRSTha 138 / 2. viSNupurANa, 1/1271 3. skandhapurANa, 1/1/37/55 / 4. vizeSa draSTavya, 'bharata aura bhArata' nAmaka pustaka, prakAzaka--kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillii| 5. nagendranAtha basu, hindI vizvakoza, bhAga 1, pRSTha 151 / 6. DaoN. omaprakAza prasAda, prAcIna bhArata, pRSTha 108 / 7. saM. ke.e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI, naMda-maurya-yugIna bhArata, pRSTha 352 / 40 16 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka For Private & Personal Use Only Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 8. "RSabhadevasya aSTAviMzatitame putre " --dra. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga SaSTha, pR. 1194 / 9. dra. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza:, bhAga 6, pRSTha 37, evaM pRSTha 1194 / 10. zabdakalpadruma, bhAga 4, pRSTha 388 / 11. vahI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 563 / 12. ApTekRta saMskRta hindI koza, pRSTha 759 / 13. vahI, pRSTha 935 / 14. hindI vizvakoza, khaNDa 21, pRSTha 359-360 / 15. vahI, khaNDa 16, pRSTha 432-4331 16. prAcIna bhArata, pRSTha 108 / 17. vahI, pRSTha 109 / 18. madhyadeza, prakAzaka- bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, pRSTha 18 / 19. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pRSTha 691-693 / 20. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pRSTha 857-858 / 21. AcArya jinasena, harivaMzapurANa, 2-1 pR. 12 / 22. vahI, 2-5 / 23. AcArya guNabhadra, uttarapurANa, 75-7-8, pR. 482 24. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 3571 25. zAstrI nemicandra, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA, bhAga 1, pR. 106 1 26. dIghanikAya suttapiTaka, mahAparinivvANasutta, mahAvagga 2, pR. 327, prakAzaka- bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI 1996 / mahAvIra kI vizeSatA mahAvIra svAmI ne tor3ane kA kAma nahIM kiyA, hamezA jor3ane kA kAma kiyA / unake sAtha bAtacIta ke liye koI upaniSad kA abhimAnI AtA, to usake sAtha ve upaniSad ke viSaya ke AdhAra para carcA karate the, gItA kA abhimAnI AtA, to ke viSaya kA AdhAra lekara carcA karate, koI veda kA abhimAnI AtA, to veda ke viSaya kA AdhAra lekara carcA karate, bauddhoM ke sAtha unake viSaya kA AdhAra lekara carcA karate / unhoMne apanA vicAra kisI para jarA bhI lAdA nahIM aura sAmanevAle ke vicAra ke anusAra-socakara samAdhAna dete the| - saMta vinobA bhAve | jaina aura hindU binA acchA jainI huye maiM acchA hindU nahIM bana sakatA..... jainadharma nAstika nahIM hai / jIva kI sattA meM vizvAsa karanevAlA nAstika ho hI nahIM sakatA / -- DaoN. paripUrNAnanda varmA .. prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 17 Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'kuNDapura' videha meM yA magadha meM ___-satIza candra jaina Aja bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmakalyANaka varSa ke prasaMga meM aura koI upalabdhi huI ho yA na huI ho; kintu eka vivAda avazya uTha khar3A huA hai, aura vaha hai bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke viSaya meN| prAcIna AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM kA bahusaMkhyaka varga bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'kuNDapura' ko videhaprAnta meM spaSTa rUpa se ghoSita karatA hai, jabaki kucha AcArya aura vidvAn ise mAtra kuNDapura' yA 'kuNDalapura' batAte haiM, isake kSetra-vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM krte| abhI kucha logoM ne ise nAlandA ke pAsa magadha-prAnta meM batAne kA eka nayA Andolana cher3A hai| aisI sthiti meM samAja meM bahuta bar3A bhrama phaila rahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vAstava meM kyA thI? tathyoM ke Aloka meM yadi hama vicAra kareM, to hama pAte haiM ki sabhI AcAryoM ne ise 'kuNDapura', 'kuNDagrAma' yA kuNDalapura' ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai; cU~ki isa nAma ke nagara yA grAma Adhunika bihAra-prAnta meM bhI kaI haiM, aura yaha sthiti prAcIna AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ke sAmane bhI AI hogI; ki inameM se kise bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnA jAye? to adhikAMza AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ne isake sAtha videha' zabda ko jor3a diyA, aura yaha spaSTa kiyA ki videha meM jo kuNDapura hai, vahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hai, anya koI nhiiN| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi tatkAlIna videha' nAmaka prAnta meM thii| ata: Aja yaha jAnanA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM videha-prAnta kise kahA jAtA thA? aura Aja jisa nAlandA ke samIpavartI gA~va kuNDalapura ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM pracArita kiyA jA rahA hai, kyA vaha mahAvIra ke yuga meM videha-prAnta meM thA? __yaha eka bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki nAlandA ke pAsa kA gA~va 'bar3agA~va' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA rahA hai, aura Aja bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isake nAmakaraNa meM 'kuNDapura' yA 'kuNDalapura' kA prayoga prAcIna granthoM athavA Adhunika sarakArI dastAvez2oM meM kahIM nahIM hai| phira bhI ise bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi batAne kA abhiyAna calAyA jA rahA hai yaha cintA kA viSaya hai| prAcIna itihAsa aura bhUgola ke anusAra yaha gA~va magadhaprAnta' meM rahA 018 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hai, jabaki mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kI pahicAna videhaprAnta' hai| san 1965 meM dharmAnurAgI zreSThivaryya zrI gulAbacanda hirAcanda dozI dvArA jaina saMskRti saMgha, solApura se prakAzita 'tIrthavandanasaMgraha' nAmaka kRti ke pRSTha saMkhyA 63-64 meM magadha deza kA aura usake antargata AnevAle nagara Adi kA varNana diyA gayA hai| isake racayitA san 1578 se 1620 ke madhyavartI bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa haiM, jo ki zrI jJAnasAgara ke guru the| isameM likhA hai ki - mAgadha deza vizAla nayara pAvApura jaanno| jinavara zrImahAvIra tAsa nirvANa bkhaanno|| abhinava eka talAba tasa madhye jinmNdir| racanA racita vicitra sevaka jAsa puraMdara / / jinavara zrImahAvIra tihA~ karma haNi mokSe gyaa| brahma jJAnasAgara vadati siddha taM pada paamyaa|| 5 / / ..... magadha deza majhAra nayara rAjagRha cNgh| . vipulAcala girisAra zikhara tasa paMca utaMgaha / / samavasaraNa saMyukta vardhamAna jina aayaa| sura nara kinnara bhUpa sakala saMgha mana bhaayaa| vividha prakAra ke jinavare zreNika nRpa prtibodhiyo| mithyAmata dUre karI karma haNI mokSe gyo|| 7 / / magadha deza maMDAna nayara pADalipura thAnaha / zIlavaMta suvicAra seTha sudarzana jANaha / / dRDhakara saMyama grahyo tapakari karma vinAzyo / prakaTyo kevalajJAna lokAloka prakAzyo / / zUli siMhAsana thayo jaya jaya jagamA~ niipno| brahma jJAnasAgara vadati akhaya acala sukha uupno||8|| isameM bhI magadhadeza ke varNana-prasaMga meM mahAvIra ke yuga ke tIna pramukha nagaroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve haiM-- pAvApura, rAjagRha evaM pATaliputra / inameM se pAvApura aura rAjagRha --ye donoM mahAvIra se saMbaddha rahe haiM, jabaki pATaliputra kA sudarzana seTha se saMbaMdha batAyA gayA hai| yadi magadhaprAnta meM kuNDapura' yA kuNDalapura' nAma se vikhyAta bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hotI, to isa grantha ke kartA avazya usakA nAmollekha krte| isase bhI yaha bAta puSTa hotI hai ki mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'videhaprAnta' meM hI thI, 'magadhaprAnta' meM nhiiN| jabaki Aja pracArita kiyA jA rahA nAlandA ke nikaTavartI bar3agA~va aparanAma kuNDalapura usa samaya bhI magadhaprAnta meM thA, aura Aja bhI isakI sthiti samasta itihAsakAra evaM bhUgolavettA magadhaprAnta meM hI mAnate haiN| cU~ki Aja prAcIna tIna rAjyoM-- aMgadeza, videhaprAnta evaM magadhaprAnta ko prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 19 Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ milAkara eka 'bihAra' nAmaka rAjya banA diyA gayA hai| ata: sAmAnya logoM ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi bihAra meM thI --aisA kahakara digbhramita kiyA jA rahA hai| jabaki vastusthiti yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM bihAra nAmaka kisI prAnta kI sattA hI nahIM thii| 'tIrthavandanasaMgraha' nAmaka uparyukta pustaka meM hI pRSTha 129 para mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'kuNDapura' kA paricaya nimnAnusAra diyA gayA hai... kuNDapura-rUpAntara kuNDagrAma, kSatriyakuNDagrAma, kunnddlpur| yaha videha (uttara bihAra) pradeza kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA eka upanagara thaa| yahA~ antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thA (yativRSabha, pUjyapAda, raviSeNa, jaTAsiMhanaMdi, jinasena, gunnbhdr)| isa samaya vaizAlI nagara ke sthAna para basADha nAmaka choTA gA~va hai, yaha uttara bihAra meM mujaphpharapura zahara se 22 mIla dUra hai| kuNDagrAma ke sthAna ko vahA~ basukuNDa kahate haiN| yaha bahuta varSoM se uddhvasta par3A huA thaa| gata kucha varSoM meM vahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA smAraka sthApita kiyA gayA hai tathA vaizAlI prAkRta jaina vidyApITha kA nirmANa cala rahA hai (philahAla yaha saMsthA mujaphpharapura meM hI kArya kara rahI hai)| ___isa sthAna ke vismRta ho jAne se Adhunika samaya meM kucha logoM ne dakSiNa bihAra ke nAlandA ke samIpa ke vaDagAMva ko kuNDalapura mAna liyA thaa| madhyapradeza ke damoha jile ke kuNDalapura kA bhI isa sthAna se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| isa kSetra ke saMbaMdha meM vijayendrasUrikRta vaizAlI' tathA darzanavijayakRta 'kSatriyakuNDa' ye svatantra pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| isa dUsare pustaka meM zvetAmbara madhyayugIna paramparA ke anusAra dakSiNa bihAra meM lachavADa grAma ke nikaTa kSatriyakuNDa hone kA samarthana kiyA hai jo vizeSa yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| adhika vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya - prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha pra. 22, jaina tIrthoMno itihAsa (nyA.) pra. 485|-(tiirthvndnsNgrh', prakAzaka--gulAbacanda hirAcanda dozI, jaina saMskRti saMgha, solApura, pR. 129-130) vizeSajJa vidvAnoM ne aura bhI aneka prakAroM se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'videha-kuNDapura' hone ke vyApaka pramANoM ke sAtha lekha likhe haiM, mujhe ukta tIrthavandanasaMgraha' nAmaka pustaka meM jo sAmagrI milI, usake AdhAra para apanA abhiprAya yahA~ vyakta kiyA hai| yaha bAta vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki yaha grantha digambara jainatIrthoM ke bAre meM hI prAmANika rUpa se paricaya diyA gayA hai, tathA isake sampAdaka suvikhyAta itihAsajJa pro. vidyAdhara joharApurakara haiN| san 1965 se yaha pustaka prakAzita hai, aura isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke bAre meM do TUka ullekha videhakuNDapura kA hI kiyA gayA hai| taba se Aja taka kisI ne koI vivAda khar3A nahIM kiyA, aura aba eka nayA vivAda kisa uddezya se khar3A kiyA gayA hai? -- yaha samAja ke pramukha loga svayaM vicAra kara sakate haiN| ___ aMtata: maiM uparyukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para spaSTa rUpa se kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi videhakuNDapura' hI hai| nAlandA ke pAsa kA koI gA~va mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha kSetra 'magadhaprAnta' meM thA, na ki videhaprAnta' meN| 0020 ___prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi : jaina sAhitya ke sandarbha meM . -DaoN. yogendra mizra bhagavAn mAhavIra kI janmabhUmi ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| unheM / patA hai aura unakI mAnyatA hai ki "bhagavAn mahAvIra jJAtRkula meM, vaizAlI meM, samIpa ke kuNDapura athavA kSatriyakuNDapura (Adhunika bAsokuNDa) meM utpanna huye the|" gar3abar3I kucha anya logoM kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa hotI hai| kucha zvetAmbara-jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi muMgera' jile ke 'jamuI' anumaNDala ke 'sikandarA' thAne ke lachuAr3a' nAmaka sthAna para dakSiNa kI ora sthita 'kSatriyakuNDa' hai| kucha digambara jaina mAnate haiM ki yaha sthAna nAlandA ke samIpa kuNDalapura hai, athavA yaha bhI ki vaha sthAna damoha jile (madhyapradeza) kA kuNDalapura hai| kintu janmabhUmi to Akhira kahIM eka hI jagaha hogii| __ vaizAlI para likhe apane zodha-prabandha ena arlI hisTrI oNpha vaizAlI' (dillI, 1962 I.) meM hamane pRSTha 212-237 para bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI para yathAsambhava kucha sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| vahA~ pRSTha 226-27 para, hamane prAcIna jaina sAhitya se janmabhUmi-viSayaka nau uddharaNoM kA bhI saMkalana kara diyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vAstavika janmabhUmi jAnane ke lie prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM Aye tatsambandhI-prasaMgoM evaM usake uddharaNoM kA vizleSaNa sabase adhika upayogI hogaa| ataeva hama yahA~ isI para apanA dhyAna kendrita kreNge| ____ janmabhUmi ke sambandha meM saMkalita uparyukta nau uddharaNoM meM janmabhUmi kI sthiti jambUdvIpa ke bhArata/bhAratavarSa nAmaka deza ke 'majjhimadeza' (saM. madhyadeza) nAmaka bhAga meM batalAI gaI hai, vahA~ yaha videha' meM 'kuNDapura' meM sthita hai| madhyadeza taka to koI vivAda hai bhI nahIM, 'kuNDapura' yA 'kuNDalapura' yA 'kuNDagrAma' nAma meM bhI vivAda nahIM hai (kahIM-kahIM kuNDa ke badale kuNDala DAlA rahatA hai)| vivAda kevala isameM hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'videha' meM (gaMgA ke uttara) hai yA magadha/aMga meM (gaMgA ke dakSiNa) hai| ataeva hama Age isI pakSa para vizeSa dhyAna deNge| hamAre pAsa upalabdha nau uddharaNoM meM se pA~ca meM janmabhUmi ke videha meM hone kI spaSTa carcA hai (racanAkAroM ke nAma kAlasahita koSThoM meM diye gaye haiN|) :___ 1. bhAratavAsye 'videhakuNDapure (pUjyapAda racita 'dazabhakti', vikrama kI pA~cavI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 21 Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sdii)| 2. "deza......videha iti vikhyAta:" (jinasena racita 'harivaMzapurANa', vikrama kI AThavIM sdii)| 3. "videhAkhye viSaye", "videhaviSaye" (guNabhadra racita 'uttarapurANa', vikrama kI navIM sdii)| 4. "asmin bhArate varSe videheSu maharddhiSu" = "isa bhAratavarSa meM mahARddhi-sampanna videhaM janapada meM" (dAmanandi-kRta 'purANasaMgraha:' hastalikhita grnth)| 5. vardhamAnacaritra' ke lekhaka sakalakIrti (mRtyu 1464 I.) ke do prAsaMgika zloka isaprakAra haiM (vizeSa upayogitA ke kAraNa pUrNa uddharaNa diye jA rahe haiM) : atheha bhArate kSetre videhAbhidha Urjita-deza: saddharmasaMghAdyaiH videha iva rAjate / / 2 / / ityAdivarNanopetadezasyAbhyantare purm| rAjate kuNDalAbhikhyaM.................... | | 10 / / arthAt, "isa bhAratakSetra meM videha nAmaka sundara deza, pramukha saddharmasaMghoM ke kAraNa videha' ke samAna camakatA thaa| vahA~ kuNDalapura' nAmaka nagara, hara prakAra kI prazaMsA se yukta deza ke antargata sthita ho jagamagA rahA thaa|" yahA~ hamane 'videha' para vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai; kyoMki yahI mUla-muddA hai| Upara ke uddharaNoM se janmabhUmi ke sambandha meM yathAnirdiSTa bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM : (1) kuNDapura 'videha' meM sthita thaa| (2) 'videha' vikhyAta deza thaa| (ka) ise kaI sthAnoM para spaSTa rUpa se deza kahA gayA hai| (kha) janapadasUcaka bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| janapada ke nAma meM bahuvacana hotA hai| --(pANini : janapade lup, adhyAya 2) (ga) videha para zleSa kA prayoga : (a) videha (daza), (ba) videha (janaka videha, vigato deho deha-sambandho yasya saH=dehAtIta avasthA ko praapt)| prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM 'videha' athavA 'tIrabhRkti' ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra athavA unake nAnA ceTaka kA prasaMga Ane para sindhudeza' yA sindhaviSaya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hamane apane uparyukta zodhaprabandha meM, pRSTha 227-28 para, isataraha ke cAra uddharaNa diye haiN| yaha prayoga usa samaya kI pracalita-paramparA ke anusAra hI thaa| sindhu' kA eka artha nadI hotA hai| isaprakAra 'sindhu deza' yA sindhaviSaya' kA artha huA - "nadI ke tIra para sthita pradeza = tIrapradeza = tIrabhukti / hamAre isa sindhudeza yA sindhuviSaya kA, jo tIrabhukti' ke paryAya ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai, pazcima ke 'sindhusauvIra' se koI sambandha nahIM hai| apanI janmabhUmi se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sambandha atyanta dRr3ha the| isa bAta kI puSTi ke lie hama yathAnirdiSTa pramANa yA tarka upasthita karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM :1 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA kSatriyANI videhadattA' ke nAma se prakhyAta thiiN| / --(kalpasUtra', 'AcArAMgasUtra') 0022 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 2. bhagavAn kA janma jaina-sAhitya ke pramANAnusAra videhadeza' ke 'kaNDapura' nAmaka sthAna para huA thaa| (aba taka kisI jaina-grantha ne unake 'aMgadeza' yA 'modagiri' yA 'mudgalagirikSetra' yA 'magadha' meM janma lene kI bAta nahIM likhii)| 3. bhagavAn ko vaideha, videhadatta, videhajAtya aura videhasukumAra' kahA gayA hai ---(kalpasUtra', 'aacaaraaNgsuutr')| (unakA koI nAma aMgadezotpannatA-sUcaka yA magadhadezotpannatAsUcaka nahIM hai|) bhagavAn ke jIvana ke prathama tIsa varSa 'videha' meM vyatIta hue| --(kalpasUtra', 'AcArAMgasUtra') jJAtRkula (nAyakula, nAtakula) meM janma lene aura use ujAgara karane ke kAraNa bhagavAn ko 'jJAta, jJAtRputra aura jJAtRkulacandra' kahA gayA hai - (kalpasUtra', 'aacaaraaNgsuutr')| bauddha-sAhitya bhI unheM 'jJAtaputra' (nATaputra) ke rUpa meM hI jAnatA hai| 'vaizAlI' meM janma-dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa bhagavAn ko vesAlie' (saM0 vaizAlika, vaizAlIya) kahA gayA hai --(sUtrakRtAMga', uttraadhyynsuutr')| 7. bhagavAna ke jIvanakAla meM hI vaizAlI meM unake yatheSTa-anuyAyI ho gaye the| yaha bAta jaina-sAhitya aura bauddha-sAhitya (siMha senApati kI kathA) se siddha hotI hai| jaba pAvA meM bhagavAn parinirvANa ko prApta hue, taba vahA~ nau malli gaNarAja, nau licchavi gaNarAja aura aTThAraha kAzI-kosala ke gaNarAja upasthita hue, jinhoMne isa nirvANa kI smRti meM dIpotsava kI prathA prArambha kii| (isa dIpotsava meM magadha aura aMga kA koI pratinidhitva nahIM thaa|) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda bhI nirgrantha yA jaina pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se unakI janmabhUmi ke sAtha jur3e rahe : (i) vaizAlI meM jainoM aura bauddhoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa 'manusmRti' (10.20) ne vahA~ ke licchaviyoM ko 'vrAtya' (saMskAracyuta) karAra diyaa| (ii) vaizAlI kI eka guptakAlIna muhara (sIla) para likhA hai- "vesAlI-nAmakaNDe kamArAmAtyAdhikaraNa (sy)"| isase siddha hai ki 'vaizAlIkuNDa'= vaizAlI' (sthita 'kSatriyakuNDa') kI smRti abhI (cauthI-pA~cavIM sadI meM) zeSa thii| Aja kA 'bAsokuNDa' usI kI yAda dilA rahA hai| (ii) prasiddha cInI bauddha-yAtrI hvenasAMga (621-645 I.) ne, jo 637 I. meM vaizAlI pahuMcA thA, nirgranthoM ko vahA~ acchI saMkhyA meM pAyA thaa| (iv) vaizAlI meM jaina-tIrthaMkaroM kI pAlayuga (770-1191 I.) kI banI mUrtiyA~ prApta haiM, jinameM eka vahA~ 'baunA pokhara' para nirmita jaina-mandira meM rakhI jAkara varSoM se pUjita ho rahI hai| (v) san 1332 I. meM likhita vividhatIrthakalpa' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM jinaprabhasUri ne 'kuNDagrAma' ko jainatIrtha dikhalAyA hai, vahA~ vIra kI mUrti kI sthApanA kI bAta likhI hai, tathA vahIM 'khattia-kuNDaggAmaNayara' evaM 'vesAlI-vANiaggAma' ke hone kI spaSTa- carcA kI hai| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 23 Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna --DaoN0 RSabhacanda jaina 'phaujadAra' bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi meM varSoM se sAhityasAdhanA, anusaMdhAna evaM lekhanakArya meM nimagna DaoN. phaujadAra ne apane sudIrgha adhyayana, anusaMdhAna anubhava se isa satya ko gaharAI se pahicAnA hai aura doTUka zailI meM sapramANa apanI bAta kahI hai| yaha koI pakSa-pratipakSa kA prazna nahIM hai, hamArI sabakI AsthA ke kendra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke viSaya meM prAcIna AcAryoM evaM manISiyoM ke pramANollekha-sahita tathyaparaka prastuti hai| --sampAdaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janma-kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke upalakSya meM bhArata sarakAra ne varSa 2001-2002 ko 'ahiMsA-varSa' ghoSita kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM pUrA rASTra evaM jainasamAja, sAmUhika tathA ekala rUpa meM aneka kAryakrama Ayojita kara rahA hai| aise samaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma-sthAna ke sambandha meM bhrama paidA karanA jainasamAja ke liye zubha-lakSaNa nahIM hai| isI varSa maI 2001 ke 'samyagjJAna', apraila-jUna 2001 ke 'arhat-vacana aura disambara 2001 ke 'jaina mahilAdarza' meM 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDalapura zIrSaka lekha prakAzita huA hai, jo prajJAzramaNI AryikA candanAmatI mAtA jI dvArA likhita hai| puna: pharavarI 2002 ke 'samyagjJAna' meM ukta mAtAjI kI hI 'bajI kuNDalapura meM badhAI, vaizAlI kahA~ se AI' zIrSaka lekha bhI chapA hai| ukta lekhoM meM pUjya mAtAjI ne magadhadeza ke 'kuNDalapura' ko 'videha' kA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jo ucita nahIM hai| isI prasaMga meM merA yaha vinamra prayAsa hai| ___yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma-sthAna se sambaddha zAstrIya-uddharaNa mUlarUpa meM hindIanuvAda ke sAtha prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : siddhArthanRpatitanayo bhAratavAsye videhkunnddpure| devyAM priyAkAriNyAM susvapnAn saMpradarzya vibhuH|| --(AcArya pUjyapAda, nirvANabhakti, padya 4) artha :--- bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIva bhAratavarSa meM videha' (daza) ke 'kuNDapura' nagara meM uttama-svapnoM ko dikhAkara priyakAriNI devI aura siddhArtha rAjA kA putra huaa| 10 24 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ atha dezo'sti vistArI jambUdvIpasya bhaarte| videha iti vikhyAta: svargakhaNDasama: zriyaH / / 2/1 tatrAkhaNDalanetrAlIpadminIkhaNDamaNDalam / sukhAmbha: kuNDamAbhAti nAmnA kuNDapuraM puram / / 2/5 -(AcArya jinasena, harivaMzapurANa, 2/1 evaM 5, pR. 12) - artha :--- athAnantara isa jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM lakSmI se svarga-khaNDa kI tulanA karanevAlA, videha isa nAma se prasiddha eka bar3A vistRta deza hai| usa videha deza meM kuNDapura nAma kA eka aisA sundara nagara hai, jo indra ke netroM kI paMktirUpI kamaliniyoM ke samUha se suzobhita hai tathA sukharUpI jala kA mAno kuNDa kI hai| / tsminssnnmaasshessaayussyaanaakaadaagmissyti| bharate'sminvidehAkhye viSaye bhvnaaNgnne|| rAjJa: kuNDapurezasya vsudhaaraapttprthu| saptakoTirmaNi: sArdhA siddhArthasya dinmprti|| -(AcArya guNabhadra, uttarapurANa, 74/251-52, pR. 460) artha:- jaba usakI Ayu chaha mAha kI bAkI raha gaI aura vaha svarga se Ane ko udyata huA, taba isI bharatakSetra ke videha' nAmaka deza-sambandhI kuNDapura' nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke bhavana ke A~gana meM pratidina sAr3he sAta karor3a ratnoM kI bar3I moTI dhArA barasane lgii| videhaviSaye kuNDasaMjJAyAM puri bhUpatiH / / nAtho nAthakulasyaika: siddhArthAkhyastrisiddhibhAk / tasya puNyAnubhAvena priyaasiipriykaarinnii||-(vhii, 75/7-8) artha :--- videha deza ke 'kaNDa' nagara meM nAthavaMza ke ziromaNi evaM tInoM siddhiyoM se sampanna rAjA siddhArtha rAjya karate the| puNya ke prabhAva se priyakAriNI unhIM kI strI huI thii| 4. zrImAnatheha bharate svayamasti dhAtryA puMjIkRto nija ivAkhilakAntisAraH / nAmnA videha iti digvalaye samaste khyAta: paraM janapada: padamunnatAnAm / / tatrAstyadho nikhilavastvavagAhayuktaM bhAsvatkalAdharabudhaiH saMvRSa satAram / adhyAsitaM viyadiva svasamAnazobhaM khyAtaM puraM jagati kuNDapurAbhidhAnam / / unmIlitAvadhidRzA sahasA viditvA tajjanma bhaktibharata: prnntottmaaNgaaH| ghaNTA-ninAda-samavetanikAyamukhyA diSTyA yayustaditi kuNDapuraM surendrAH / / -(mahAkavi asaga, varddhamAnacarita, 17/1, 7, 61) artha :- athAnantara isI bharatakSetra meM eka aisA lakSmI sampanna deza hai jo pRthivI kI svayaM ikaTThI huI apanI samasta kAntiyoM kA mAnoM sAra hI hai, jo samasta dizAoM meM videha isa nAma se prasiddha hai, tathA uttama manuSyoM ke rahane kA utkRSTa sthAna hai| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 25 Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'tadantara usa 'videha' deza meM 'kuNDapura' nAma kA eka jagat-prasiddha nagara thA, jo svasadRza-zobhA se sampanna hotA huA AkAza ke samAna suzobhita ho rahA thA; kyoMki jisaprakAra AkAza samasta vastuoM ke avagAha se yukta hai, usIprakAra vaha nagara bhI samasta vastuoM ke avagAha se yukta thaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki "AkAzasyAvagAha:" isa Agama-vAkya se jisaprakAra AkAza, jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla -- ina chaha dravyoM ko avagAha detA hai, usIprakAra vaha nagara bhI saMsAra ke samasta-padArthoM ko avagAha detA thA .... usameM saMsAra ke samasta padArtha pAye jAte the| jisaprakAra AkAza bhAsvat-sUrya, kalAdhara-candramA aura budha Adi grahoM se adhyAsita-adhiSThita hai; usIprakAra vaha nagara bhI bhAsvatkalAdhara budhoM-daidIpyamAna kalAoM ke dhAraka vidvAnoM se adhiSThita thA, ina sabakA usameM nivAsa thaa| jisaprakAra AkAza savRSa-vRSa rAzi se sahita hotA hai, usIprakAra vaha nagara bhI savRSa' arthAt 'dharma se sahita' thA; va jisaprakAra AkAza satAra' - tArAoM se sahita hai, usIprakAra vaha nagara bhI satAra - cA~dI, taruNa puruSa, zuddha motI athavA motiyoM Adi kI zuddhi se sahita thaa|' ___ 'khule hue avadhijJAnarUpI netra ke dvArA zIghra hI jinabAlaka kA janma jAnakara bhakti ke bhAra se jinake mastaka jhuka gaye the, tathA jinake mukhya-bhavana ghaNTA ke zabda se zabdAyamAna ho rahe the-- aise indra usa samaya saubhAgya se kuNDapura aaye|' 5. athA'smin bhArate varSe videheSu maharddhiSu / AsItkuNDapuraM nAmnA puraM surapurottamam / / - (AcArya dAmanandi, purANasArasaMgraha 2, vardhamAnacarita 4/1, pR. 188) artha :- isI bharatakSetra meM videha' nAma kA samRddhizAlI deza hai, vahA~ devoM ke nagaroM se bhI bar3hakara 'kuNDapura' nAma kA nagara thaa| 6. Nivasai videhu NAmeNa desu khayarAmarehiM suhayara-paesu / tahiM Nivasai kuMDapurAhihANu purudhaya-caya-jhaMpiya-tivva bhaannu|| -(vibudha zrIdhara, vaDDhamANacariu, 9/1, pR. 198-99) artha :- usI bhAratavarSa meM vidyAdharoM aura amaroM se suzobhita pradeza-vAlA videha nAmaka eka suprasiddha deza hai, jahA~ sundara dhArmika loga rahate haiN| ..........usI videha. deza meM kuNDapura nAmaka eka nagara hai, jisane apanI dhvajA-samUha se tIvra bhAnu ko DhaMka diyA thaa| 7. cyutvA videhanAthasya siddhArthasyAGgajo'jani / so'tra kuNDapure zakraH kRtvAbhiSavaNAdikam / / -(paM. AzAdhara sUri, triSaSTismRtizAstra, 24/24, pR. 153) artha :- puSpottara vimAna (svarga) se cyuta hokara videha deza ke rAjA siddhArtha va priyakAriNI ke garbha se kuNDapura meM mahAvIra nAma se janme / indra ne abhiSekAdi kArya kiye| 00 26 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 10. atheha bhArate kSetre videhAbhidha Urjita: / deza: saddharmasaMghAdyaiH videha iva raajte|| ityAdi varNanopetadezasyAbhyantare puram / rAjate kuNDalAbhikhya.............. || -(bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, vardhamAnacarita, 7/2, pra. 10) artha :-- isI bharatakSetra meM videha nAmaka zaktizAlI deza hai, jo saddharma aura sadsaMgha Adi se videha kI taraha zobhAyamAna hai| isaprakAra ke varNa se yukta deza meM kuNDalapura' nAmaka nagara hai| bahu janapada mIjhAra tu vIdeha desa rUpaDo e| kuMDalapura sohi caMga tu puruSa nAmI jIma e| te nayara taNu nAtha tu kAsapa-gotra-dhaNI e| sIdhAratha bhUpa jANaMtu harivaMsa siromaNi e| te bhUpa taNI paTarAMNI tu nAma priyakAriNI e|| -(mahAkavi padma, mahAvIrarAsa, 14/6 10, 16, evaM 21) atheha bharate kSetre videhaviSaye shubhe| bhUripurAdisaMyukte bhAti kuNDapuraM puram / / -(muni dharmacandra, gautamacaritra, 4/1) artha :- isI bharatakSetra meM eka videha deza hai jo ki bahuta hI zubha hai aura aneka nagaroM se suzobhita hai| usameM eka kuNDapura nAma kA nagara hai| 11. aba yaha ArajakhaNDa mahAn, deza sahasa battIsa pramAna / tAmeM dakSiNa-disa guNamAla, mahA videhA deza rasAla / / so videhavata hai samudAya, saba zobhA tA kahI na jAya / koI tapa-phala ke parabhAya, upajeM vara videha meM aay|| tAke madhya nAbhivat jAna, kuNDalapura nagarI sukha khAna / purapati mahIpAla matimAna, zrI siddhAratha nAma mahAn / / tinahiM bhavana devI mahA, priyakAriNI varaM naar| trizalA trasa-rakSA-karaNa, rUpa adhika prtaap|| --- (kavi navalazAha, vardhamAnapurANa, 7/84, 85, 91, 103, 108, 109) 12. samaNa bhagavaM mahAvIre NAte NAtaputte NAyakulaviNivvate videha vidahadiNNe videhajacce videhasUmAle tIsaM vAsAI videhe tti kaTu..... / --(AcArAMga, 2/15, sUtra 746, byAvara saMskaraNa) arthAt zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, jo ki jJAtaputra ke nAma se prasiddha ho cuke the, jJAtakula prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1027 Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (ke uttaradAyitva) se vinivRtta the, athavA jJAta kulotpanna the, dehAsakti rahita the, videhajanoM dvArA arcanIya-pUjanIya the, videhadattA (mAtA) ke putra the, viziSTa zarIra vajraRSabha nArAca saMhanana evaM samacaturasra-saMsthAna se yukte hote huye bhI zarIra se sukumAra the / ( isaprakAra kI yogyatA se sampanna ) bhagavAn mahAvIra tIsa varSa taka videharUpa meM gRha meM nivAsa karake. / -- (vahI, pR. 377 ) 13. samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre.. ..nAyaputte nAyakulacaMde videhe videhadinne videhajacce .. kaTaTu | videhasUmAle tIsaM vAsAiM videhaMsi.. - ( kalpasUtra - sUtra, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra.. 110, pR. 160, prAkRta bhAratI saMskaraNa, jayapura) artha :....AtRvaMza ke the, jJAtRvaMza meM candramA ke samAna the, videha the, videhadinnA- trizalA mAtA ke putra the, viziSTa kAnti ke dhAraka the, viziSTa deha se atyanta sukumAra the / ve tIsa varSa taka gRhasthAzrama meM nispRha rahakara ... I - ( vahI, pR. 161 ) 14. (ka) arahA NAyaputte bhagavaM vesAlIe viyAhie / - (sUtrakRtAMga, 1/2/3/22, pR. 178, byAvara saM . ) artha :"indrAdi devoM dvArA pUjanIya (arhanta ) jJAtRputra tathA aizvaryAdi-guNayukta bhagavAn vaizAlika mahAvIra svAmI ne 'vaizAlI' nagarI meM kahA thA / (kha) " nAyaputte bhagavaM vesAlie" " jJAtRputra bhagavAn vaizAlika / " - (mahAvIra ) cUrNi "NAtakulappasUte siddhatthakhattiyaputte / " - ( uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 6 / 18, pR. 51, vIrAyatana saMskaraNa, 1972 ) sAdhvI candanA darzanAcArya ne ukta saMskaraNa meM ukta gAthAsUtra ke TippaNa meM pR. 429 para likhA hai---"bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vizAlA (arthAt upanagara - kuNDagrAma) meM janma hone se unheM vesAlie yA vaizAlika kahA jAtA hai|" 15. atyettha bharahavAse, kuNDaggAmaM puraM guNasamiddhaM / tatya ya NariMdavasaho siddhatyo NAma NAmeNaM / / - (vimalasUri, paumacariyaM, 221 ) artha :- isI bharatakSetra meM guNa evaM samRddhi se sampanna 'kuNDagrAma' nAma kA nagara thA / vahA~ para rAjAoM meM vRSabha ke samAna uttama 'siddhArtha' nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / siddhattharAya-piyakAriNIhiM Nayarammi kuMDale vIro / uttaraphagguNirikkhe cittasiyA - terasIe uppaNNo / / 16. 28 - (AcArya yativRSabha, tiloyapaNNatti, 4/549) artha :- " bhagavAn mahAvIra kuNDalapura meM pitA siddhArtha aura mAtA priyakAriNI se caitra zukla trayodazI ke dina uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM utpanna huye / prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 17. aha cittasuddhapakkhassa terasIpuvvarattakAlammi / hatyuttarAhiM jAo kuMDaggAme mahAvIro / / ---------- - ( Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 304 ) artha :- caitrazukla trayodazI ko rAtri ke pUrvabhAga meM uttarahastA nakSatra meM kuMDagrAma meM mahAvIra utpanna huye| 18. atthi iha bharahavAse majjhimadesassa maNDaNaM paramaM / sirikuNDagAmanayaraM vasumairamaNI tilayabhUyaM / / - ( nemicandra sUri, mahAvIracariyaM) artha isa bhAratavarSa (bharatavarSa-kSetra) ke madhyadeza kA parama - AbhUSaNa aura pRthvIrUpI ramaNI kA tilakabhUta zrIkuNDagrAma nAmaka nagara hai| 19. kuNDapurapura varissara siddhatthakkhattiyasya NAhakule / tisilAe devIsadasevamANAe / / 28 / / devIe - ( AcArya vIrasena, SaTkhaMDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 9, khaNDa - 4, bhAga-1, pR. 122 ) - (vahI, kasAyapAhuDa (jayadhavalA ), bhAga-1, pR. 78, gAthA 23 ) artha :- kuMDapura (kuNDalapura ) rUpa uttamapura ke Izvara siddhArtha - kSatriya ke nAtha - kula saikar3oM deviyoM se sevyamAna trizalA devI ke... I 20. AsADha jaNhapakkhachaTThIe kuMDalapuraNagarAhiva - NAhavaMsa - siddhatthaNariMdassa tisilAdevIe gabbhamAgaMtUNa tattha aTThadivasAhiya NavamAse acchiya- caittasukkapakkhaterasIe uttarAphagguNINakkhate gabbhAdo NikkhaMto / - ( AcArya vIrasena, SaTkhaMDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 9, khaNDa - 4, bhAga-1, pR. 121 ) ."kuMDapura... .. vaDDhamANajiNiMdo"..... zeSa vahI / - ( AcArya vIrasena, kasAyapAhuDa ( jayadhavalA), bhAga-1, pR. 76-77) artha :- ASAr3ha zuklapakSa kI SaSThI ke dina kuNDalapura nagara ke adhipati nAthavaMzI siddhArtha narendra kI trizalAdevI ke garbha meM Akara aura vahA~ ATha dina adhika nau mAsa rahakara caitra zukla pakSa kI trayodazI ke dina uttaraphAlgunI nakSatra meM garbha se bAhara aaye|" iha jaMbudIvi bharahaMtarAli / ramaNIya - visai sohA visAli / kuMDauri rAu siddhatya sahitthu / jo siriharu maggaNa- vesa rahiu / / 21. - ( mahAkavi puSpadaMta,, vIrajiNiMdacariu, 1/6, pR. 10 ) artha :isa jambUddhIpa ke bharatakSetra meM vizAla zobhAdhArI videha pradeza meM kuNDapura nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha rAjya karate haiM / ve Atma- hitaiSI aura zrIdhara hote hue bhI viSNu ke samAna vAmanAvatAra-sambandhI yAcaka- veSa se rahita haiM / ---- ukta zAstrIya-uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma videha- deza ke 'kuNDapura' (kuNDalapura yA kuNDagrAma) meM huA thA, jo Aja 'bAsokuNDa' nAma se jAnA jAtA prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 00 29 Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hai| mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hone ke kAraNa hI yahA~ san 1955 I. meM bihAra sarakAra ne (sva. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina ke Arthika sahayoga se) prAkRta aura jainavidyA ke uccatara adhyayana-anusandha pAna ke nimitta 'prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI' kI sthApanA kI thii| saMsthAna ke bhavana tathA janmasthAna bAsokuNDa meM mahAvIra-smAraka kA zilAnyAsa 23 apraila 1956 ko bhArata ke prathama rASTrapati DaoN. rAjendra prasAda ne kiyA thaa| deza-videza ke jaina-jainetara vidvAnoM ne pichale eka-Der3ha sau varSoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma-sthAna ke viSaya meM khUba vicAra kiyA hai| unameM se katipaya vidvAnoM kA sa-sandarbha ullekha yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai :videzI-vidvAn 1. harmana jaikobI, sekreDa oNpha di IsTa, jilda-22, oNksaphorDa, 1884; evaM bhArata 1964, pa. 10-13 (jainasUtra, prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA) tathA insAIklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa, jilda 7, pR. 466 2. DaoN. e.epha. rUDolsa hornale, 'uvAsagadasAo' ke aMgrejI-anuvAda meM, bibliyothekA . iNDikA sIrIja, kalakattA, 1888, phuTa noTa 8, pR. 3-5 3. DaoN. visenTa e. smitha, jarnala oNpha di rAyala eziyaTika sosAyaTI, 1902, pR. 267 288 tathA insAIklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa, jilda 12, pR. 567-68, san 1921 4. DaoN. TI. blaoNka, 'eksakaivesansa eTa basAr3ha' 'oNrkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA' kA vArSika vivaraNa, san 1903-4, pR. 81-122 5. zrImatI siMkleyara sTevenzana, di hArTa oNpha jainijma, oNksaphorDa yunivarsiTI presa, 1915, pR. 21-22 6. DaoN. jAla cArpeNTiyara, upasAlA vizvavidyAlaya, kaimbrija hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, prathama bhAratIya saMskaraNa, esa. cAMda eNDa kampanI, dillI, jilda 1, pR. 140, san 1955 7. DaoN. DI.pI. spUnara, oNrkiyAlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA kA vArSika vivaraNa, san 1913___ 14, pR. 98-185 8. jI.pI. mallAla zekhara, DikzanarI oNpha pAli propara nemsa, bhAga 2, landana, san 1938, pR. 943 tathA bhAga 1, pR. 64 jainetara-vidvAn 1. surendranAtha dAsa gupta, e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaphI, vAlyUma-1, kaimbrija, 1922, pR. 173 2. nandalAla De, da jyogrAphikala DikzanarI oNpha ezieNTa eNDa meDievala iNDikA laMdana, 1927, pR. 107 00 30 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 3. bI.sI. lA, mahAvIra : hija lAipha eNDa TIciMgsa, laMdana, 1937, pR. 19, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 169-72 4. sarvapallI DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, iNDiyana philaoNsaphI, vAlyUma-1, iNDiyana eDIzana, 1940 pR. 291-92 5. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, darzana-digdarzana, ilAhAbAda, 1944, pR. 492 6. DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI, 31 mArca 1945 ko prathama vaizAlI mahotsava kA adhyakSIya ___bhASaNa, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 6 7. zrI rAmativArI, bra. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, ArA, san 1954, pR. 666-67 8. DaoN. rAjendra prasAda, bhArata ke prathama rASTrapati dvArA prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna ke bhavana kA zilAnyAsa karate samaya diyA gayA bhASaNa, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 103, prathama saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA evaM mahAvIra smAraka lekha, 23 apraila, 1956 bAsukuNDa, vaizAlI 9. zrI raMganAtha rAmacandra divAkara, rAjyapAla bihAra, 23 apraila, 1956 ko bArahaveM vaizAlI mahotsava ke avasara para adhyakSIya bhASaNa, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 116-17 10. DaoN. esa. mukarjI, vahI, pR. 120 11. pro. rAdhAkRSNa zarmA, bra. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, pR. 597 12. paM. narottama zAstrI, vahI, pR. 605 13. DaoN. sampUrNAnanda, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 394 14. yogendra mizra, ena arlI hisTarI oNpha vaizAlI, dillI, 1962, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 251-59 tathA bra. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, pR.669-76 15. DaoN. vI.esa. agravAla dvArA likhita (zrI vijayendra sUri likhita pustaka) kI bhUmikA evaM 'vaizAlI abhinandana grantha', pR. 108 16. paM. baladeva upAdhyAya, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 237-42 17. TI.ena. rAmacandran, vahI, pR. 128-33 18. je.sI. mAthura, vahI, pR. 387 19. DaoN. surendranAtha dIkSita, vahI, pR. 398-99 20. zrI nAgendra prasAda siMha, vahI, pR. 471-72 21. paM. bihArI lAla zarmA, maMgalAyatanam', saMskRta gadya racanA, 2500vA~ nirvANa mahotsava varSa 1975 meM vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI se prkaashit| jaina-vidvAna 1. bra. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara) vIrodaya mahAkAvya, dUsarA srg| 2. paM. mUlacanda zAstrI, vardhamAna cmpuu| prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 31 Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 3. zrI cimanalAla je. zAha, jainijma ina naoNrtha iNDiyA (800 bI.sI.se. 526 eDI.) ..lauMgamensa grIna eNDa kampanI, 1932, pR. 23-24 / 4. bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina, 'vaizAlI' zIrSaka lekha, jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, varSa 3, 1936, pR. 48-52 / . 5. je.ela. jainI, AuTa lAinsa oNpha jainijma, kaimbrija, 1916, riprinTa 1940, pR. 27 / 6. paM. kalyANavijaya gaNi, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, zAstra saMgraha samiti, jAlora, 1941 prastAvanA, pR. 25-28 / 7. paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI, 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi' zIrSaka nibandha, jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, 10/2, san 1943, pR. 60-661 8. vijendra sUri, vaizAlI (prathama evaM dvitIya saMskaraNa) san 1946, 1957, tIrthakara mahAvIra, bhAga-1, bambaI, 1960, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 160-168 evaM 264 / 9. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, lAIpha ina enzieNTa iNDiyA eja DipikTeDa ina da jaina kainansa, bambaI, 1947, pR. 297 / 10. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, adhyakSIya bhASaNa, navam vaizAlI mahotsava 28 mArca 1953, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 84-94 / 11. DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, bra. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, ArA 1954, pR. 626 / 12. zrI bI.sI. jaina, vahI, pR. 688 / 13. DaoN. hIrAlAla, vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR. 97-98, prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI kA kaileNDara, san 1961, san 1992 tathA vIrajiNiMda cariu kI prstaavnaa| 14. AcArya zrI hastimalla jI mahArAja, jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, pR. 556 (uddhRta zodhAdarza-44, pR. 59) / 15. rASTrasaMta AcArya zrI vidyAnanda jI muniraaj| 16. mahAsatI candanA, uttarAdhyayana sUtra TippaNa, vIrAyatana, saMskaraNa, 1972, pR. 429 / 17. kailAzacandra jaina, laoNrDa mahAvIra eNDa hija TAimsa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1974, pR. 34-371 18. zrI ajita prasAda jaina, zodhAdarza-44, pR. 58-59 / 19. DaoN. zazikAnta, vahI, pR. 17 / ___ uparyukta sabhI vidvAnoM ne eka svara se videha deza meM maujUda vaizAlI ke samIpavartI kuNDapura (kuNDalapura, kuNDagrAma) vartamAna vAsokuNDa ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnA hai| .. zvetAmbara sampradAya ke kucha loga lichuAr3a (jo aMga deza meM thA) ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnate haiM, jo zAstrIya dRSTi se mAnya nahIM hai| usI paramparA ke prasiddha vidvAn 00 32 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhI lichuAr3a ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM mAnate / yahA~ do viziSTa vidvAnoM ke mantavya unhIM ke zabdoM meM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM zvetAmbara-vidvAn purAtattvavettA paM. kalyANavijaya gaNi kA abhiprAya isaprakAra hai"pracalita paramparAnusAra Ajakala bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi pUrva bihAra meM 'kyUla' sTezana se pazcima kI ora ATha kosa para avasthita 'laccha-Ar3a' gA~va mAnA jAtA hai, para hama isako ThIka nahIM smjhte| isake aneka kAraNa haiM :- 1. . sUtroM meM mahAvIra ke liye " videhe videhadinne videhajacce videhasUmAle tIsaM vAsAI videhaM-sikaTTu" ityAdi jo varNana milatA hai, usase yaha svata: siddha hotA hai ki mahAvIra videha deza meM avatIrNa hue aura vahIM unakA saMvarddhana huA thA / yadyapi TIkAkAroM ne ina zabdoM kA artha aura hI taraha se lagAyA hai, para zabdoM se prathamopasthita videha, videhadatta, videhajAtya, videhasukumAla, tIsa varSa videha meM (pUre) karake, ina arthavAle zabdoM para vicAra karane se yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra videha jAti ke logoM meM uttama aura kumAla the| eka jagaha to mahAvIra ko 'vaizAlika' bhI likhA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ApakA janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDapura vaizAlI kA hI eka vibhAga rahA hogA / 2. jabaki bhagavAn ne rAjagRha aura vaizAlI Adi meM bahuta se varSoM meM cAturmAsa kie the, taba kSatriyakuNDapura meM eka bhI varSAkAla nahIM bitaayaa| yadi kSatriyakuNDapura jahA~ Aja mAna jAtA hai, vahIM hotA to bhagavAn ke katipaya varSAkAla bhI vahA~ avazya huye hote, para aisA nahIM huA / varSAvAsa to dUra rahA, dIkSA lene ke bAda kabhI kSatriyakuNDapura athavA usake udyAna bhagavAn ke Ane-jAne kA bhI kahIM ullekha nahIM hai| hA~, prArambha meM jaba Apa brAhmaNakuNDapura ke bAhara 'bahusAlacaitya' meM padhAre the, taba kSatriyakuNDapura ke logoM ko ApakI dharmasabhA Ane aura jamAli ke pravrajyA lene kI bAta avazya AtI hai / meM bhagavAn mahAvIra bahudhA vahIM adhika ThaharA karate the, jahA~ para rAjavaMza ke manuSyoM kA ApakI tarapha sadbhAva rahatA / rAjagRha - nAlaMdA meM caudaha aura vaizAlI - vANijyagrAma meM bAraha varSAvAsa hone kA yahI kAraNa thA ki vahA~ ke rAjakarttAoM kI ApakI tarapha ananyabhakti thii| kSatriyakuNDapura ke rAjaputra jamAli ne apanI jAti ke pA~ca sau rAjaputroM ke sAtha nirgrantha- pravrajyA lI thii| isase bhI itanA to siddha hotA hai ki kSatriyakuNDapura, jahA~ se eka sAtha pA~ca sau rAjaputra nikale the, koI bar3A nagara rahA hogA / taba kyA kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne eka varSAvAsa apane janmasthAna meM nahIM kiyA? isakA uttara yahI hai ki kSatriyakuNDapura vaizAlI kA hI eka upanagara thA aura vaizAlI - vANijyagrAma meM bAraha varSA - cAturmAsa hue hI the, jinase kSatriyakuNDa aura brAhmaNakuNDa ke nivAsiyoM ko bhI paryApta lAbha mila cukA thA / isa kSatriyakuNDa meM Ane athavA varSAvAsa karane sambandhI ullekhoM kA na honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 33 Page #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kUlagrAma ___. 3. bhagavAn kI dIkSA ke dUsare dina kollAkasaMniveza meM pAraNA karane kA ullekha hai| jaina sUtroM ke anusAra kollAkasaMniveza do the - eka vANijyagAMva ke nikaTa aura dUsarA rAjagRha ke samIpa / yadi bhagavAn kA janmasthAna Ajakala kA kSatriyakuNDa hotA, to dUsare dina kollAka meM pAraNA honA asambhava thA, kyoMki rAjagRhavAlA kollAkasaMniveza vahA~ se koI cAlIsa mIla dUra pazcima meM par3atA thA aura vANijyagrAmavAlA kollAka isase bhI bahuta duur| isase yahI mAnanA tarkasaMgata hogA ki bhagavAn ne vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI kSatriyakuNDa ke jJAtRkhaNDa-vana meM pravrajyA lI aura dUsare dina vANijyagrAma ke samIpavartI kUlagrAma meM bakUla rAjA ke yahA~ kollAka meM pAraNA kii| 4. kSatriyakuNDa meM dIkSA lekara bhagavAn ne kAragrAma, kellAkasaMniveza Adi meM vicara kara asthikagrAma meM varSA-cAturmAsa ke bAda bhI morAka, vAcAlA, kanakakhala, Azramapada aura zvetavikA Adi sthAnoM meM vicaraNa ke uparAnta rAjagRha kI tarapha pravAsa kiyA aura dUsarA varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM kiyA thaa| ukta vihAra-varNana meM do mudde aise haiM, jo Adhunika-kSatriyakuNDa asalI-kSatriyakuNDa nahIM hai, aisA siddha karate haiN| eka to bhagavAn prathama cAturmAsa ke bAda zvetAvikA nagarI kI tarapha jAte haiM aura dUsarA yaha ki udhara vihAra karane ke bAda Apa gaMgA nadI utarakara rAjagRha jAte haiN| zvetAvikA zrAvastI se kapilavastu kI tarapha jAte samaya mArga meM par3atI thii| yaha bhami-pradeza kauzala ke pUrvottara meM aura videha ke pazcima meM par3atA thA aura vahA~ se rAjagaha kI tarapha jAte samaya bIca meM gaMgA pAra karanI par3atI thI, yaha bhI nizcita hai| Adhunika kSatriyakuNDapura ke mAgha mAsa meM to zvetAvikA nagarI thI aura na udhara se rAjagaha jAte samaya gaMgA hI pAra karanI par3atI thii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa jo Ajakala pUrva bihAra meM giddhaura-sTeTa meM aura pUrvakAlIna prAdezika sImAnusAra 'aMga deza' meM par3atA hai, nahIM haiM, kintu gaMgA se uttara kI ora uttara-bihAra meM kahIM thI aura vaha sthAna pUrvokta pramANoM ke anusAra vaizAlI' ke nikaTavartI kSatriya-kuNDa' hI ho sakatA -- (jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, 10/2, san 1943, pR. 63-65, uddhRta, paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi) sva. AcArya vijayendrasUri ne apanI pustaka vaizAlI' meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke viSaya meM jo niSkarSa nikAle, ve yathAvat rUpa meM isaprakAra haiM__"aba hama saMkSepa meM isa pariNAma para pahu~cate haiM :1. Adhunika sthAna jise kSatriyakuNDa kahA jAtA hai aura jise licchuAr3a ke pAsa batAyA - jAtA hai, muMgera jilA ke antargata hai, mahAbhArata meM isa pradeza ko eka svataMtra rAjya 00 34 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'modagiri' ke nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo ki bAda meM aMga-deza se milA diyA gayA thA arthAt prAcIna aitihAsika yuga meM yaha sthAna videha meM na hokara aMga-deza athavA modagiri-antargata thaa| isaliye bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi yaha sthAna nahIM ho sktii| 2. Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa parvata para hai, jabaki prAcIna kSatriyakuNDa ke sAtha zAstroM meM parvata kA koI varNana nahIM miltaa| vaizAlI ke AsapAsa kyoMki pahAr3a nahIM hai, isaliye bhI vahI sthAna bhagavAn kA janmasthAna adhika sambhava pratIta hotA hai| 3. Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa kI talahaTI meM eka nAlA bahatA hai, jo ki gaNDakI nahIM hai| gaNDakI nadI Aja vaizAlI ke pAsa bahatI hai| 4. zAstroM meM kSatriyakuNDa ko vaizAlI ke nikaTa batAyA hai, jabaki Adhunika-sthAna ke nikaTa vaizAlI nahIM hai| 5. videha-deza to gaMgA ke uttara meM hai, jabaki Adhunika kSayitrakuNDa gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki bhrAMtivaza licchaAr3a ke nikaTa parvata ke Upara ke sthAna ko kSatriyakuNDa mAna liyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhagavAn kA koI bhI kalyANaka-garbha, janma aura dIkSA nahIM huaa| zAstroM ke anusAra hamArI yaha sammati hai ki jo sthAna Ajakala basAr3ha' nAma se prasiddha hai, vahI prAcIna vaizAlI hai| isI ke nikaTa kSatriyakuNDa grAma thA, jahA~ bhagavAn ke tIna kalyANaka hue the| isI sthAna ke nikaTa Aja bhI vaNiyAgA~va, kUmanachaparAgAchI aura kolhuA maujUda haiN| Ajakala yaha kSatriyakuNDa sthAna vAsukuNDa nAma se prasiddha haiN| purAtatva vibhAga bhI vAsukuNDa ko hI prAcIna kSatriyakuNDa mAnatA hai| yahA~ ke sthAnIya loga bhI yahI samajhate haiM ki bhagavAn kA janma yahIM huA thaa| -(zravaNa 261, meM prakAzita vaizAlI' nAmaka lekha, pR. 46-47) ___paM. kalyANavijaya gaNi aura AcArya vijayendra sUri jI mahArAja ke uparyukta niSkarSa se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma videha-dezastha kuNDapura, jo vaizAlI ke samIpa hai, meM huA thA, lichuAr3a (muMgera-aMgadeza) yA kuNDapura (nAlandA-magadha) deza meM nhiiN| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparA ke zAstroM meM aMga, magadha aura videha svatantra deza batalAye gaye haiN| bRhatkalpasUtra vRtti, prajJApanAsUtra, sUtrakRtAMga, TIkA, pravacanasAroddhAra solaha mahAjanapadoM meM bhI inakA nAmollekha pAyA jAtA hai| AdipurANa meM bhI inakA pRthak-pRthak ullekha hai| ata: yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM ye tInoM svatantra deza rahe haiN| vartamAna bihAra aMga, magadha aura videha ina tInoM prAcIna dezoM kA saMyukta rUpa he, kevala videha kA nhiiN| yahA~ ukta tInoM dezoM (janapadoM) kI sImAoM ke viSaya meM vicAra karate haiN| __ aMga janapada kI sImAoM ke viSaya meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI kA yaha kathana draSTavya hai"campeya jAtaka (506) ke anusAra campAnadI aMga-magadha kI vibhAjaka prAkRtika sImA thI, prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0035 Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jisake pUrva aura pazcima meM ye donoM janapada base hue the| 'aMga' janapada kI pUrvI sImA rAjamahala kI pahAr3iyA~ uttarI sImA kosI nadI aura dakSiNa meM usakA samudra taka vistAra thaa|" ---(AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, pR. 44-45) ata: aMga-deza kA vistAra pUrva meM rAjamahala kI pahAr3iyoM taka, pazcima meM campA nadI taka, uttara meM kosI nadI taka aura dakSiNa meM samudra taka thaa| prAcInakAla meM magadha deza gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNa meM vArANasI se muMgera taka phailA huA thA, isakI dakSiNI sImA dAmodara (damUda) nadI ke udgama-sthAna karNasuvarNa (siMhabhUma) taka mAnI jAtI thii| bauddhakAla meM magadha kI sImA pUrva meM campA nadI, pazcima meM zoNa (sona) nadI, uttara meM gaMgA nadI aura dakSiNa meM vindhya parvatamAlA thii| -(DikzanarI oNpha pAli-propara nemsa, bhAga 2, pR. 403 evaM prAG maurya bihAra, pR. 78) magadhadeza ke sImA vistAra ke sambandha meM 'zakti saMgama tantra' meM isaprakAra kahA hai___ kAlezvaraM samArabhya taptakuNDAntakaM shive| magadhAkhyo kAlezvara-kAlabhairava-nahi duSyati / / 3-7-10 arthAt kAlezvara-kAlabhairava-vArANasI se lekara taptakuNDa-sItA-kuNDa-muMgera taka 'magadha' nAmaka mahAdeza mAnA gayA hai| huyAn-tsaMga ke anusAra, magadha janapada kI maNDalAkAra paridhi 833 mIla thii| isake uttara meM gaMgA nadI, pazcima meM vArANasI, pUrva meM hiraNya-parvata aura dakSiNa meM siMhabhUmi vartamAna thii| 'Rgveda' aura 'mahAbhArata' meM magadha ko 'kIkaTa' kahA gayA hai| 'zakti saMgama' ke anusAra magadha ke dakSiNa meM kIkaTa deza thaa| videhadeza ke vistAra ke sambandha meM zakti saMgama tantra' ke 'sundarI khaNDa' meM isaprakAra kahA gayA hai- gaNDakItIramArabhya campAraNyAntakaM zive / videhabhU: samAkhyAtA tairabhuktyabhiyA tu saa|| arthAt tIrabhakti kahI jAnevAlI videhabhUmi gaNDakI (gaNDaka nadI) ke tIra se lekara campAraNa kI antima-sImA taka phalI huI hai| 'zakti-saMgama-tantra' ke hI prasaMga se bihAra thro da ejeja' pR. 55 para likhA hai-- 'phraoNma da bainka oNpha gaNDaka TU da phaoNresTa oNpha campAraNa na kanTrI vAja kaoNlDa, videha aura tIrabhukti, iTa vAja bAunDeDa oNna isTa, vaisTa eNDa sAutha bAI thrI biga rivarsa, da kosI, gaNDaka eNDa gaMgAja, vAila da tarAI rIjansa phaoNrmaD iTsa naoNrdarna, bAuNDarI", arthAt gaNDaka nadI ke taTa se lekaraM campAraNa-paryanta kA sthAna videha' athavA 'tIrabhukti' kahA jAtA thaa| usake pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa meM kosI, gaNDaka tathA gaMgA --ye tIna bar3I nadiyA~ haiM aura himAlaya kA tarAI-kSetra isake uttara kI ora hai| 'vRhad viSNupurANa' meM videha ke tIrabhukti tathA mithilA Adi bAraha nAma kahe gaye haiN| 0036 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 'For Private & Personal use only Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ inameM se 'tIrabhukti' yA tirahuta' Aja bhI prasiddha hai, isI nAma se pramaNDala bhI banA huA hai| videha kI sImA ke sUcaka vRhad viSNupurANa' ke mUlapadya isaprakAra haiM "gaMgA-himavatormadhye nadI pNcdshaantre| tairabhuktiriti khyAto deza: paramapAvana: / / kauzikI tu samArabhya gaNDakImadhigamya vai| yojanAni caturviMzat vyAyAma: prikiirtit:|| gaMgApravAhamArabhya yAvaddhaimavataM vanam / vistAra: SoDaza: prokto dezasya kulnndnH|| mithilA nAma nagarI tatrAste lokvishrut:| paMcabhi: kAraNaiH puNyA vikhyAtA jagatItraye / / " -(vahaviSNupurANa, mithilAmAhAtmya, 2/5, 10-12) arthAt gaMgA nadI aura himAlaya parvata ke madhya pandraha nadiyoM vAlA paramapavitra tIrabhukti (videha) nAmaka deza hai| kauzikI (kozI) se lekara gaNDakI (gaNDaka) taka videha kI pUrva se pazcima taka kI sImA 24 yojana (96 kosa) hai| gaMgA nadI se lekara haimavata vana (himAlaya) taka caur3AI 16 yojana (64 kosa) hai| aise videha athavA tIrabhakti deza meM tInoM lokoM ke vikhyAta pA~ca kAraNoM se puNyazAlI 'mithilA' nAma kI nagarI hai| samrATa akabara dvArA mahAmahopAdhyAya mithileza paMDita maheza ThAkura ke dAna-patra meM bhI mithilA kI yaha sImA gaMgA se himAlaya tathA kozI aura gaNDakI nadI ke bIca batAI gaI hai| mUla uddharaNa isaprakAra hai-"aja gaMga tA saMga aja kosI tA gosii|" -(paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI, jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, 10/2, pR. 62, san 1943) AcArya vijayendra sUri ne vaizAlI' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM ukta uddharaNa diyA hai, jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki videha-deza gaMgA-nadI se uttara-dizA meM thA--"gaMgAyA uttarata: videhadeza: / dezo'yaM vedopaniSatpurANamIyamAnAnAM janakAnAM rAjyam / asyaiva nAmAntaraM mithilA rAjyasya rAjadhAnyapi mithilaiva nAmadheyaM bbhv|" --(bhArata-bhUgola, pR. 37) inake atirikta pro. upendra ThAkura, pro. kRSNakAnta mizra, bhavAnI zaMkara trivedI, DaoN. deva sahAya triveda, DaoN. sAvitrI saksenA Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI videha kI ukta sImA ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai vartamAna 'bihAra' kevala prAcIna 'videha' kA paryAya nahIM hai, balki, aMga, magadha aura videha, tInoM kA saMyuktarUpa hai| inameM magadha aura videha kI vibhAjaka-nadI gaMgA nadI, aMga aura magadha kI vibhAjaka campA nadI tathA aMga aura videha kI vibhAjaka kozI nadI thI aura inakI bhaugolika sthita prAya: Aja bhI vaisI hI hai| isaliye prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 37 Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isa bhrAMti se bacane kI jarUrata hai ki prAcIna 'videha' hI Aja kA 'bihAra' rAjya hai / uparyukta zAstrIya uddharaNoM, vidvAnoM ke vimarza evaM mantavyoM, aMga, magadha aura videha dezoM ( janapadoM) ke sImA - sambandhI vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma videha - deza kuNDapura (kuNDalapura yA kuNDagrAma) meM huA thA, jo isasamaya vAsukuNDa yA bAsokuNDa nAma se prasiddha hai tathA mujaphpharapura jile ke saraiyA' prakhaNDa meM hai / yahA~ se prAcIna vaizAlI ( basAr3ha) lagabhaga pA~ca kilomITara kI dUrI para hai| lichuAr3a kA samIpavartI kSatriyakuNDa, jo mugera jile meM hai, tathA kuNDalapura ( nAlandA ) bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM hai, kyoMki ye 'kramaza: aMga aura madhya deza meM maujUda haiN| samAja to zraddhAlu hotA hai, isaliye vidvAnoM, sAdhusaMsthAoM, samAja ke netRttva varga se yaha apekSita hai ki ve use bhrama meM na DAleM / yadi pahale se samAja meM koI galata dhAraNA banI huI hai, to usake viSaya meM use sAvadhAna kareM / mere isa lekha kA uddezya kisI kI zraddhA ko prabhAvita karanA nahIM hai, balki samAja ko yathArtha kI jAnakArI denA hai / anekAntavAdI jainadarzana meM Agraha ke liye sthAna nahIM hai / mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke viSaya meM jainasamAja ke vartamAna netRtva ke udgAra yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI 'vaizAlI' hai / isake sAkSya prAcInatama granthoM meM upalabdha haiM / duHkha kI bAta hai ki isa viSaya meM kucha vivAda uTha khar3e hue haiN| kintu merA vizvAsa hai, yaha smArikA una vivAdoM ko sulajhAne meM sarvathA sahAyaka siddha hogI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI puNyatIrtha 'vaizAlI' ko maiM apanA praNAma nivedita karatA huuN| -pradIpa kAsalIvAla, adhyakSa, zrI digambara jaina mahAsamiti, indaura - bihAra kI punIta bhUmi para avasthita 'vaizAlI' bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM gauravAnvita hai / varddhamAna ke 2601 veM janma mahotsava ke avasara para samasta jainasamAja vaizAlI ke prati pUrNa AsthA ke sAtha zraddhAnata ho, aisI merI maMgalakAmanA hai| -nirmala kumAra jaina (seThI), adhyakSa, zrIbhAratavarSIya digambara jaina (dharmasaMrakSiNI ) mahAsabhA, indaura ** jisa taraha buddha kI janmabhUmi lumbinI ko azoka se lekara Aja taka ke bauddha na bhulA sake, usI taraha jaina bandhuoM ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'vaizAlI' ko nahIM bhulAnA cAhiye / - AcArya vijayendra sUri ** 38 - (sAbhAra uddhRta - 'bhagavAn mahAvIra smRti- tIrtha' nAmaka smArikA, prakAzaka- bhagavAn mahAvIra smAraka samiti, paTanA ) prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra vizeSAMka Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI: janmabhUmi mahAvIra kI bhAratIya purAtattva ke prArambhika caraNa ko yadi 'bauddha - purAtattva' kI saMjJA dI jAye, to atizayokti nahIM hogI, phalata: bauddhadharma ke pravartaka gautama buddha ke janma se parinirvANa taka kI ghaTanAoM ke sthAna para koI saMzaya athavA bahasa kI guMjAiza nahIM rhegii| paravartI daura meM jaba purAtattva kI dizA parivartita huI, taba vaha brAhmaNa-dharma kI ora mur3I, aura isa dizA meM bhI kAphI purAtAttvika kArya hue| parantu jainadharma purAtattvavettAoM ke lie achUtA banA rahA aura isa dizA meM koI Thosa kArya na hone ke kAraNa jainadharma ke pravarttaka varddhamAna mahAvIra ke janmasthala ke nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM vivAda banA huA hai / sAhitya se spaSTa parAvartana ke bAvajUda itihAsakAra tathyoM kI anadekhI karate hue alaga-alaga sthAnoM ko mahAvIra kI janmasthalI batAte haiM aura bhrama kI sthiti banAye rakhanA cAhate haiM / jaise-- digambara sampradAya se abhiprerita vidvAn 'nAlandA' ke samIpa sthita 'kuNDalapura' ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna hone ke pakSa meM tarka dete haiM, jaba ki zvetAmbara - pantha se prabhAvita loga vartamAna 'jamuI' jile ke 'lachuA - kSatriyakuNDa' ko mahAvIra kA janmasthAna batAte hue usakA pakSa rakhate haiM / jainadharma ke sampradAyavAda se abhiprerita hue bagaira isase Upara uThakara sAhitya meM varNita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prArambhika jIvana se sambandhita tathyoM kA yadi sUkSma-vivecana ImAnadArI - pUrvaka kiyA jAye, to hama 'vaizAlI' ke samIpa sthita 'kuNDagrAma' ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna pAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM nimnAMkita sAhityika ullekha, purAtAttvika saMketa aura pUrva vidvAnoM ke kathana vicAraNIya haiM :-- bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vibhinna nAmoM meM vaideha, vaidehadattA, videhajAtya, videhasukumAla kA ullekha jainagranthoM (AcArAMgasUtra, patra 389 ) meM AtA hai| sAtha hI unake lie vaisAliya (vaizAlika ) vizeSaNa bhI vyavahRta huA hai (sUtrakRtAMga, zIlAMkAcArya-kRta TIkAsahita, adhyAya 2, udde. 3) / ina vizeSaNoM se yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke kAla meM 'vaizAlI' vRhattara 'videha' kI eka pramukha nagarI thI aura isase unakA gaharA sambandha thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cAturmAsoM meM se unnIsa 'videha' meM vyatIta hue aura unameM bAraha 'vaizAlI' meM, cha: 'mithilA' meM aura eka 'asthikagrAma' meM biitaa| isase bhI yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya mithilA kI prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka - DaoN. aravinda mahAjana 39 Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tulanA meM vaizAlI kI mahattA adhika thii| vaizAlI kI pahacAna nirvivAdarUpa se vartamAna vaizAlI jile ke 'basAr3ha' kSetra se kI gaI hai| mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ko 'videhadattA' (AcArAMgasUtra, patra 389) aura mahAvIra ko 'videhadattA' putra hone ke kAraNa vaidehadatta' bhI kahA gyaa| trizalA videha deza' kI nagarI vaizAlI ke gaNapradhAna ceTaka kI bahana thI (Avazyaka cUrNi, pUrvabhAga, patra 245) / nirayAvaliyoM ke anusAra ceTaka vaizAlI kA adhipati thA ora usake nau malla gaNarAjA aura nau licchavi gaNarAjA parAmarzI the| malla jAti kAzI meM aura licchavi kozala meM sthita the aura inake sammilita gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thI, jisakA adhipati ceTaka thaa| uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para itanA to nizcitarUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA prAcIna 'aMga' (jisameM vartamAna lachuAr3a kA kSetra AtA hai) athavA 'magadha' (jisake antargata vartamAna nAlandA ke samIpastha kuNDalapura kA kSetra AtA hai) ke rAjakuloM se janma kA koI sambandha nahIM thaa| videha' gaMgA ke uttara meM sthita hai, jabaki lachuAr3a' kA kSatriyakuNDa gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM sthita hai aura yaha pradeza bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM 'aMga' mahAjanapada kA hissA thaa| kahIM aura kisI bhI sAhitya meM lachuAr3a-kSatriyakuNDa kSetra ko bhI videha' kA hissA nahIM batAyA gayA hai| prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM 'kSatriyakuNDa' (vaha sthAna jo bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hai) ko vaizAlI ke samIpa batAyA gayA hai, jabaki lachuAr3a-kSatriyakuNDa ke samIpa 'vaizAlI' nAmaka (choTA yA bar3A) koI sthAna nahIM hai| lachuAr3a-kSatriyakuNDa ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnanevAle vahA~ sthita nAle ko nadI (gaNDaka) batAte haiN| nadI aura nAle meM spaSTatayA bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai, jabaki 'gaNDaka nadI' vartamAna 'vaizAlI' jile se hokara Aja bhI bahatI pravrajyA ke pazcAt mahAvIra ne jina sthAnoM para vAsa kiyA, unakI bhaugolika sthiti para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai, ve sabhI vaizAlI ke AsapAsa the| dIkSA lene ke dUsare dina mahAvIra ne kollAka sanniveza' meM pAraNA kii| jainasUtroM meM do kollAka-sannivezoM kA ullekha hai- eka 'baniyAgrAma' ke samIpa aura dUsarA rAjagRha' ke samIpa / lachuAr3a' ke samIpa athavA 'aMga' meM kisI kollAka-sanniveza ke hone kI carcA nahIM hai aura lachuAr3a se donoM meM se kisI kollAka-sanniveza para eka dina meM paidala pahu~canA sambhava nahIM hai| nAlandA ke samIpa sthita kuNDalapura se rAjagRha kA samIpastha kollAka-sanniveza bhI lagabhaga cAlIsa mIla kI dUrI para sthita hai| vahA~ se eka dina meM cAlIsa mIla kI dUrI taya karanA, vaha bhI vizrAma-hetu, yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| ata: bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vartamAna vaizAlI kA vAsI mAnanA hI uciMta hogA; kyoMka vahA~ se kollAka-sanniveza atyanta samIpa hai| prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM kSatriyakuNDa ke sAtha kisI parvata athavA pahAr3I kA jikra nahIM 0040 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aataa| lachuAr3a-kSatriyakuNDa sthita dharmasthala do samAnAntara pahAr3iyoM ke madhya sthita hai| bAsokuNDa (vaizAlI-sthita), jisakI pahacAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kuNDagrAma se kI jAtI hai, ke samIpa koI pahAr3I athavA parvata nahIM hai| sthAnIya paramparA bhI vAsukuNDa ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnatI AyI hai| vaizAlI meM sampanna purAtattva-kArya, bhale hI usakA uddezya bhagavAn buddha aura unake jIvana se jur3I ghaTanAoM ke sthAna kI pahacAna evaM khoja rahA, se jur3e purAtattvavettAoM ne kabhI vaizAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI hone se inakAra nahIM kiyaa| bhAratIya purAtattva ke purodhA kaniMghama ne 'ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA riporTa (aMka I, evaM XVI) meM yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki 'markaTa-hada sarovara' (vartamAna abhiSeka-puSkariNI) ke pArzva meM sthita 'kUTAgAra-sabhAkakSa' kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna 'kuNDagrAma' se koI sambandha ho sakatA hai| kaniMghama ne apanI pustaka 'enaziyeNTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA' (pa.717) meM prAcIna vaizAlI kI pahacAna vartamAna vaizAlI jile (tatkAlIna mujaphpharapura jilA) ke 'basAr3ha' kSetra se kI hai| thiyoDara blaoNka (ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, enuala riporTa, 1903-1904,pra. 81-122) ne basAr3ha ke utkhanana ke sambandha meM vivaraNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki mahAvIra vasAliya' kahe jAne ke kAraNa vaizAlI ke mUlavAsI the aura unakA janmasthAna 'kuNDagrAma' videha meM sthita thaa| videha aura tIrabhukti eka-dUsare ke paryAya haiM aura jaba tirahuta kI sImA ke andara vaizAlI nAmaka sthAna hai, taba ise hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthala-kSetra honA caahie| DI.bI. spUnara (ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, enuala riporTa, 1913-14, pR. 98185) ne bhI vaizAlI kI pahacAna vartamAna basAr3ha kSetra se kI hai aura isa kSetra ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi batAyA hai| vI.pI. sinhA aura sItArAma rAya (vaizAlI ekzakevezansa, 1958-62) ne bhI prAcIna vaizAlI kI pahacAna vartamAna basADha kSetra se kI hai aura ise bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambaddha batAyA hai| __itihAsakAroM ke yUropIya evaM bhAratIya donoM samUhoM ke adhisaMkhya vaizAlI ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna batAte haiN| isa sambandha meM kucha vicAra isaprakAra haiM : harmana jaikobI (saikareDa buka oNpha dI IsTa', jaina sUtrAja, aMka -22, khaNDa-1, evaM aMka-45, khaMDa-2) 'inasAiklopIDayA oNpha rilIjana eNDa athiksa', aMka-7, pR. 466) ne likhA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyavAle mahAvIra ko kuNDagrAma athavA kuNDapura ke rAjA siddhArtha kA putra mAnate haiN| bauddha evaM jainagranthoM meM upalabdha saMketoM kI par3atAla kara bahuta hada taka varddhamAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bauddha-grantha 'mahAvagga' meM kahA gayA hai ki koTigrAma meM alpakAlika vAsa ke pazcAt bhagavAna buddha jAtikoM ke nivAsa kI ora gaye, jahA~ unheM jAtikoM ke sabhAkakSa meM ThaharAyA gyaa| vahA~ se vaha vaizAlI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 40 41 Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ gaye, jahA~ unhoMne licchavI-gaNa ke pradhAna ko, jo nimrantha (jaina muni ke anuyAyI) the, apanA gRhastha-anuyAyI bnaayaa| bauddhoM ke koTigrAma' kA jainoM ke 'kuNDagrAma' hone kI pUrI sambhAvanA hai| jAtikoM kI pahacAna jJAtaka-kula ke kSatriyoM se kI jA sakatI hai, jinake vaMzaja bhagavAn mahAvIra the| kuNDagrAma aura vANijyagrAma 'videha' kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI' ke upanagara the, jisakI pahicAna vartamAna vaizAlI-kSetra ke baniyAgA~va' aura 'vAsukuNDa' se kI jA sakatI hai| jaikobI ne haoNrnale dvArA bhI pahacAna kiye gaye inhIM kSetroM kA samarthana kiyA hai| e.epha. ruDolpha haoNrnale dvArA aMgrejI meM anUdita uvAsagadasAo' (bibliyothekA iNDikA sIrIja, pR.3-6) meM 'basAr3ha' ko spaSTatayA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna batAyA gayA hai| haoNrnale kA kahanA hai ki baniyAgrAma' licchavI-deza kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| yadyapi kalpasUtra' meM isakI carcA alaga se hai, parantu ise vaizAlI se sambaddha batAyA gayA hai| saccAI yaha hai ki vaizAlI nagara kA kSetra atyanta vistRta thA aura isake parikSetra meM sthAnIya vaizAlI (vartamAna basAr3ha) ke atirikta baniyAgrAma' aura 'kuNDagrAma' athavA 'kuNDapura' jaise dUsare kSetra bhI samAhita the| ye donoM sthAna baniyA' aura 'vAsukuNDa' nAmaka gA~voM ke rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| vaizAlI ke kuNDagrAma ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hone ke kAraNa unheM vasAlIya' yAni vaizAlI kA vAsI' kahA gayA hai| siMkleyara sTIveMsana ne apanI pustaka 'di harTa oNpha jainijma' (pR. 21-22) meM likhA hai ki prAcIna vaizAlI meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaNika varga ke loga alaga-alaga puroM meM rahate the aura yaha pRthaktA itanI bar3I thI ki unake puroM kI alaga-alaga gA~voM ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA gayA, jaise-- kramaza: vaizAlI, kuNDagrAma aura vaannijygraam| .. prasiddha itihAsakAra viMseNTa oNrthara smitha ne bhI vaizAlI ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna batAyA (jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI', 1902, pR. 282-283; 28687) / ve likhate haiM ki jaina-paramparAnusAra vaizAlI, kuNDagrAma aura baniyAgrAma jaise tIna spaSTa prakSetra sannihita the| vaizAlI kI pahacAna rAjA vizAla ke gar3hakSetra se kI jA sakatI hai| baniyAgA~va (cakarAmadAsa ke samIpastha) spaSTatayA baniyAgrAma kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| isa gA~va meM aneka TIle haiM aura Aja (1902 I.) se dasa varSa pahale sataha se ATha phITa nIce se jaina-tIrthakara kI do pratimAyeM miliiN| yaha sthAna bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nivAsa-sthAna thaa| kollAga sambhavata: markaTahrada-sarovara ke samIpastha kolhuA' kA kSetra thA aura kuNDagrAma, jo vaizAlI kA brAhmaNapura thA, kI pahacAna 'vAsukaNDa' se kI jA sakatI hai| smitha ne 'inasAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ithiksa' (aMka 12, pra. 567-68) meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vaizAlI ke eka kulIna-parivAra se sambaddha the aura vahIM (vaizAlI meM) unakA janma huA aura prArambhika jIvana biitaa| pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt bAraha varSAvAsa unhoMne vaizAlI meM hI bitaaye| ela.esa.esa.o. mAlI ne 'baMgAla DisTrikTa gajeTiyara-mujaphpharapura' (pR. 13-14) meM 00 42 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ varddhamAna, jinakA anya nAma mahAvIra thA, ko 'nAta' yA 'nAya' nAmaka kSatriya-vaMza ke pradhAna siddhArtha kA putra aura vaizAlI ke 'kollAga' upanagara kA vAsI batAyA hai| vahIM I.pU. 599 meM unakA janma huaa| vaizAlI kI sthiti o. mAlI ne tatkAlIna 'mujaphpharapura' jile ke basAr3ha meM nizcita kI (pR. 138-139) / pI.sI. rAyacaudharI ne bihAra DisTrikTa gajeTiyara, mujaphpharapura' (pR. 143) meM mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI kA upanagara kuNDagrAma' yA 'kuNDapura' batAyA hai aura vartamAna basAr3ha ke samIpa vAsukuNDa' hI prAcIna 'kuNDagrAma' hai| bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM bhArata ke pUrva rASTrapati sarvapalli rAdhAkRSNana ne apanI pustaka 'iNDiyana philosaoNphI', bhAga-1' meM likhA hai ki varddhamAna mahAvIra kA janma I.pU. 599 meM vaizAlI meM huaa| ___ bihAra ke pUrva rAjyapAlaM Ara.Ara. divAkara dvArA sampAdita pustaka bihAra zrU di ejez2a (pR.125) meM vaizAlI ke kuNDapura' nAmaka upanagara ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kahA gayA hai aura vaizAlI kI pahacAna tatkAlIna mujaphpharapura jile ke 'basAr3ha' nAmaka sthAna se kI gaI hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra ramezacandra majUmadAra ne 'enziyeNTa iNDiyA' meM likhA hai ki lagabhaga 540 I. pU. meM vardhamAna kA janma vaizAlI ke upanagara kuNDagrAma meM huaa| unake pitA siddhArtha sampanna kSatriyoM ke jJAtaka kula se sambaddha the aura unakI mAtA trizalA vaizAlI ke licchavikulIna ceTaka kI bahana thI (p.168)| majUmadAra ne bhI vaizAlI kI sthiti vartamAna vaizAlI kSetra meM hI batAI hai| surendranAtha dAsagupta ne apanI pustaka 'e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaphI' (aMka 1, pra. 173) meM kahA hai ki jainoM ke antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kSatriyoM ke jJAtakula ke vaMzaja aura paTanA se 27 mIla uttara meM sthita vaizAlI' ke nivAsI the| . jI.pI. mallasevephara ne 'DikzanarI oNpha pAli prApara nemsa' (aMka II, pR. 943) batAyA hai ki mujaphpharapura jilA-sthita (vartamAna vaizAlI jilA) basAr3ha hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai aura mahAvIra vaizAlI ke hI nAta (athavA nAya) vaMza ke the| nandalAla De ne jyogrAphikala DikzanarI enziyeNTa eNDa meDiyevala iNDiyA (iNDiyana eNTIkverI, aMka XLIX, khaMDa DCXXVII, bambaI : disambara, 1920, pR. 107-108) meM kuNDagrAma kI pahacAna vaizAlI (vartamAna vasAr3ha) ke vAsukuNDa se kI hai aura use hI 'nAya' athavA 'nAta'vaMzotpanna varddhamAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI batAyA hai| De ne kuNDalapura kI bhI pahacAna 'kuNDagrAma' se hI kI hai| pro. yogendra mizra ne bhI videha-sthita 'kuNDagrAma' (vaizAlI ke samIpa) ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna batAyA hai| (hisTrI oNpha videha, pR.2)| pro. upendra ThAkura ne apane lekha 'e 0043 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hisTorikala sarve oNpha jainiz2ma ina naoNrtha bihAra' (di jarnala oNpha bihAra risarca sosAiTI, aMka XLV, khaMDa I-IV, janavarI - disambara 1959, pR. 188 ) meM caubIsaveM jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko vaizAlI meM eka kulIna-vaMzotpanna batAyA hai| vahIM unakA prArambhika jIvana biitaa| pro. ThAkura ne prAcIna vaizAlI ke tIna jiloM meM eka kuNDagrAma batAyA aura vahIM ke kSatriya jJAtRkula vaMzaja mahAvIra the / ke isa prakAra, uparyukta tathyoM ke Aloka meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna vaizAlI jilA-sthita basAr3ha ke samIpa kA vAsukuNDa hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai, jo sAhitya aura purAtattva donoM kI kasauTI para kharA utara sakatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prArambhika jIvana se jur3e sthAnoM kI bhaugolika sthiti bhI vaizAlI ke pakSa kA hI samarthana karatI hai / uparyukta kasauTiyoM para yadi 'jamuI' jilA - sthita 'lachuAr3a' aura nAlandA sthita 'kuNDalapura' ko kaseM, to kalaI spaSTa najara AtI hai| hA~, ye donoM sthAna jainatIrtha ho sakate haiM, isase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mAlI ne baMgAla DisTrikTa gajeTiyara, mu~gera (pR.220) meM iNDiyana eTalasa zITa kA havAlA dete hue lachuAr3a se tIna mIla dakSiNa meM sthita do maThoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo buddha aura puruSanAtha ke maTha ke rUpa meM jAne jAte the| unhoMne do samAnAntara pahAr3iyoM ke bIca sthita do choTe mandiroM kI bhI carcA kI hai, jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI do choTI pratimAyeM sthApita thIM / eka pratimA tithiyukta batAI gaI haiM, jo saMvat 1505 hai| mAlI ke anusAra ye mandira hAla ke bane haiM / unhoMne kahIM bhI lachuAr3a ko mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM batAyA hai 1 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana se jur3I ghaTanAoM aura lachuAr3a kI bhaugolika sthiti kA vivecana kiyA jAye, to lachuAr3a kA dUra-dUra taka bhagavAn mahAvIra se koI sambandha nahIM jAna par3atA / jaise--jainasUtroM ke anusAra mahAvIra ne prathama cAturmAsa 'asthikagrAma' meM bitAyA aura dUsarA 'rAjagRha' meN| rAjagRha jAne ke krama meM 'zvetAmbikA' nagarI se hote huye gaye aura gaMgA pAra kara rAjagRha pahu~ce / bauddha-granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki zvetAmbikA 'zrAvastI' se 'kapilavastu' jAte samaya mArga meM par3atI thii| yaha pradeza 'kozala' ke pUrvottara aura 'videha' ke pazcima meM sthita thA, jahA~ se rAjagRha jAte samaya madhya meM gaMgA pAra karanA par3atA thA, yaha ina sthAnoM kI bhaugolika sthiti ke vivecana se jAna par3atA hai| lachuAr3a kSatriya - kuNDapura jahA~ batAyA jAtA hai, vahA~ uparyukta bhaugolika sthiti samIcIna nahIM hai| vahA~ se rAjagRha jAte samaya na to koI zvetAmbikA nagarI mArga meM par3egI aura na hI gaMgA pAra karane kA avasara AyegA / ataH, uparyukta pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita taura para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna 'videha' janapada-sthita vaizAlI hI jainadharma ke caubIsaveM aura antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hai aura isameM kisI prakAra ke sandeha kI koI guMjAiza nahIM hai / 44 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra vizeSAMka Page #47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ varddhamAna aura vaizAlI : saMskRta-sAhitya ke sandarbha meM -DaoN. jayadeva mizra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke viSaya meM sampUrNa bhAratIya vAGmaya meM anekatra ullekha prApta hote haiN| cU~ki bhagavAn mahAvIra na kevala jainoM ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara the, balki Adhunika itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI ve aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| prastuta Alekha meM vidvAn lekhaka ne saMskRta-sAhitya ke sandarbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAre meM vizada-rIti se | aitihAsika anuzIlana prastuta kiyA hai| -sampAdaka ___saMskRta-sAhitya prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA kA pramukha sAdhana-srota hai| isameM vaizAlI aura varddhamAna mahAvIra se pratyakSa evaM apratyakSarUpa se sambandhita aneka sAkSya bhare par3e haiN| yadyapi jainadharmAvalambiyoM ne lokabhASA 'prAkRta' ko apanA mAdhyama banAyA; tathApi saMskRta kI mahattA ko dekhate hue evaM arntarASTrIyatA prApta karane ke liye use apanAnA pdd'aa| saMskRta mahAkAvyoM, purANoM, laghukAvyoM, subhASitoM, kathA-sAhityoM tathA rUpakAtmaka-prabandhoM meM vaizAlI aura jainadharma tathA mahAvIra vidyamAna haiN| ... 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' meM vaizAlI vaizAlA' yA 'uttamapurI' ke nAma se varNita hai| pUrvakAla meM mahArAja ikSvAka ke eka parama-dharmAtmA putra the, jo 'vizAla' nAma se prasiddha hue| unakA janma 'alambuSA' ke garbha se huA thaa| unhoMne isa sthAna para vizAlA' nAma kI purI basAyI thii| ikSvAkostu naravyAghra puna: paramadhArmikaH / alambuSAyAmutpanno vizAla iti vizruta: / tena cAsIdiha sthAne vizAleti purI kRtaa|| 'rAmAyaNa' meM hI vizAlA ke nAma se isakA aura isake saMsthApaka tathA usake vaMzajoM kI vaMzAvalI milatI hai| vizAla' se lekara rAmacandra ke samakAlIna vizAlA-nareza 'sumati' taka kI vaMzAvalI isaprakAra hai :____ 1. vizAla, 2. hemacandra, 3. sucandra, 4. dhUmrAzva, 5. sRJjaya, 6. sahadeva, 7. kuzAzva, 8. somadatta, 9. kAkulastha aura 10. sumati / vizAlA-narezoM ke sambandha meM maharSi vizvAmitra ne yaha kahA hai ki "ve saba ikSvAku kI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0045 Page #48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kRpA se dIrghAyu, mahAtmA, vIryazAlI aura dhArmika huye" ikSvAkostu prasAdena sarve vaizAlikA nRpAH / dIrghAyuSo mahAtmAno vIryavanta: sudhArmikA: / / vaizAlI meM hI devoM aura dAnavoM ne samudra-maMthana kI mantraNA kI thii| yahIM 'diti' kI tapasyA kA varNana hai, aura indra ko mAranevAle putra diti' kI tapasyA kA viphala honA bhI varNita hai| purANoM meM vaizAlI ke lie vizAla, vizAlA tathA vaizAlI -ye tIna nAma diye gaye haiN| 'viSNupurANa' ke mata meM rAjA vizAla ikSvAkuvaMza ke 'tRNabindu' rAjA ke putra the| isa bAta kI puSTi 'bhAgavatapurANa' se bhI hotI hai| vArAhapurANa, nAradIyapurANa, mArkaNDeya-purANa, zrImadbhAgavata tathA sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI isa sandarbha kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| ___ vaizAlI meM aneka vibhUtiyA~ utpanna huii| unameM varddhamAna mahAvIra bhI the, jinakI prabhA Aja bhI camatkRta kara rahI hai| sAkSyoM se vidita hai vaizAlI ke kuNDagrAma (pura) meM inakA janma huA thaa| isalie mahAvIra kA eka aura nAma thA vaizAlika' aura unakI jananI trizalA kA dUsarA nAma thA vizAlA' / kuNDagrAma ko kollAga' yA 'nAyakula' kahA jAtA thaa| yaha jJAtRkoM kA ghara thaa| usI vaizAlI meM mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| mahAvIra ko vaizAlI kA 'jina' kahA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM 'sUtrakRtAMga' kI zIlAMkAcArya kI TIkA (2.3) draSTavya hai vizAlA jananI yasya vizAlaM kulameva ca / vizAlaM vacanaM cAsya tena vaizAliko jinaH / / arthAt jinakI mAtA vizAlA haiM, jinakA kula vizAla hai, jinake vacana vizAla haiM, isase 'vaizAlika' nAmaka jina hue| 'bhAgavatapurANa' meM to spaSTa ullekha hai ki 'vizAlo vaMzakRdrAjA vaizAlI nirmame purIm / ' yAni vizAla rAjA ne vaMza kI vRddhi karanevAlA vaizAlI nagara' bsaayaa| ___ mahAn cintaka zaMkarAcArya ne apane prasiddha grantha meM, nagaroM kI sUcI meM vaizAlI kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| yathA :-- vizAlA kalyANI sphuTarucirayodhyA kuvalayaiH, kRpAdhArA dhArA kimapi madhurAbhogavatikA / avantirdRSTiste bahunagaravistAravijayA, dhuvaM tattannAmavyavaharaNayogyA vijyte|| AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra 'vizAlA' nagarI kalyANakArI aura saba taraha se guNayukta hai| saMskRta-sAhitya meM na kevala vaizAlI kI vistRta-carcA hai, balki varddhamAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDagrAma' kA bhI ullekha aneka granthoM meM hai| pUjyapAda ne apane grantha 'dazabhakti' 00 46 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (pA~cavIM zatI) meM spaSTa likhA hai ki siddhArtha rAjA ke putra bhAratavAso 'videha' ke 'kuNDapura' meM devI ko priya karanevAle sundara - sthAna ko dekhakara prasanna huI / AcArya jinasena ke 'harivaMzapurANa' ( 8vIM zatI) meM ullekha hai jambUdvIpa meM bhAratavarSa aura usameM 'videha' svarga ke samAna priya hai| usa deza meM saba taraha se suzobhita kuNDa hone ke kAraNa 'kuNDapura' nAma pdd'aa| guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa ( 9vIM. vi.saM.) meM kuNDa kI prazaMsA kI hai evaM svarga se avatarita hone kI bAta batAI hai| yajJa meM sAta koTi maNi upalabdha hone kI bAta bhI AI hai / dAmanandI ne to 'purANasaMgraha' meM videha ko devapurI' kI saMjJA dI hai / sakalakIrti ne 'varddhamAnacarita' ( 15vIM zatI) meM videha ko sabhI guNoM se yukta bAtayA gayA hai, jahA~ kuNDapurI avasthita hai| asaga ne 'varddhamAnacarita' (dasavIM zatI) meM isa sthAna ko dharmakarma se paripUrNa batAyA evaM yahA~ surendra kA AvirbhAva honA bhI batAyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke pUre 18 sargoM meM se kevala antima do sargoM meM varddhamAna mahAvIra ke jIvanacaritra kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai / itara sargoM meM unake pUrvabhavoM kI kathA vistAra se varNita hai| isameM mahAvIrasvAmI ke cAritrika vikAsa kA citraNa aneka janmoM ke bhItara se kiyA gayA hai / kaI granthoM meM to vaizAlI ke sAtha vaizAlI ke ceTaka rAjA evaM sAmanta kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jainadharma ke anya mahAkAvyoM meM varAMgacarita, candraprabhacarita, varddhamAnacarita, pArzvanAthacarita, pradyumnacarita, zAntinAthacarita, dharmazarmAbhyudaya, neminirmANa-kAvya, jayantavijaya, padmAnanda mahAkAvya, santakumAra mahAkAvya, mallinAthacarita, abhayakumAracarita, zreNikacarita, munisuvrata mahAkAvya, vijayaprazasti kAvya, jambUsvAmIcarita, jagaDUcarita Adi prasiddha haiM / laghukAvyoM meM dhanezvara sUrikRta 'zatruJjaya mAhAtmya' ( 15vIM zatI) vAdirAja kA 'yazodharacarita' (11vIM zatI) jayazekharasUri kA 'jaina - kumArasambhava' cAritrabhUSaNa kA 'mahipAlacarita', vAdIbhasiMha kA 'kSatracUDAmaNi', dhanarAja kA 'trizatIzRMgara' tathA jaina - subhASita-kAvyoM meM amitagati kA 'subhASitaratnasandoha ' evaM somaprabhAcArya kI 'sUktimuktAvalI' vizeSarUpa se prasiddha hai / anya dezI evaM videzI vidvAnoM ne apanA mantavya diyA hai, jisameM pramukha haiM-- jarmana jaikobI (1884), ruDolpha haoNrnale (1898), vI. e. smitha (1902), TI. blaoNca (1903), sTevaMzana (1915), kApreNTara (1992), malAlosakara (1938), insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA (1953), tathA 'insAiklopiDiyA oNpha rilijansa eNDa ethiksa' bhI isI tarka para muhara lagAte haiM / bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne esa.ena. dAsagupta (1909), sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana (1923), rAhula sAMkRtyAyana (1944), nandalAla De (1927), bI. sI. laoN (1937) Adi prasiddha haiM / jaina vidvAnoM meM jugamandaralAla jaina (1940), cimanalAla je. sAha (1932), kalyANavijayajI gaNI (1941), vijayendrasUrijI (1952), sukhalAlajI saMghavI (1953), hIrAlAla jaina (1955), , prAkRtavidyA + janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 47 Page #50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jagadIzacandra jaina (1947), muniratna prabhAvijaya (1948), kAmatA prasAda jaina (1936), nemicandra zAstrI (1954) tathA pro. yogendra mizra (1948) bhI varddhamAna mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva-sthala vaizAlI hI mAnate haiN| - isaprakAra hama pAte haiM ki saMskRta-sAhitya vaizAlI, kuNDapura evaM mahAvIra se sambandhita kaI gUDha-tathyoM ko chipAye huye hai| AvazyakatA hai isa para vistRta-kArya karane kii| paTanA vizvavidyAlaya ke pANDulipi-vibhAga meM saMkalita jaina pANDulipiyA~ bar3e mahattva kI hai evaM vivecya-bAtoM ko prAmANika DhaMga se prastuta karatI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke sambandha meM vaizAlI-kSetra ke atirikta anya kI carcA hameM kahIM nahIM milii| kisI bhI saMskRta-grantha meM 'lachuAI' yA 'nAlandA-kSetra' ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi nahIM batAyA gyaa| jainadarzana nAstika nahIM 'isI prasaMga meM bhAratIya darzana ke viSaya meM eka paramparAgata mithyA-bhrama kA ullekha karanA bhI hameM Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| kucha kAla se loga aisA samajhate haiM ki bhAratIya darzana kI 'Astika' aura 'nAstika' nAma se do zAkhAyeM haiM / tathAkathita vaidika-darzanoM ko 'Astika-darzana' aura jaina-bauddha jaise darzanoM ko 'nAstika-darzana' kahA jAtA hai| vastuta: yaha vargIkaraNa nirAdhAra hI nahIM, nitAnta mithyA bhI hai| 'Astika' aura 'nAstika' zabda 'asti nAsti diSTaM mati:' (pANini 4/4/60 aSTAdhyAyIsUtra) isa pANinisUtra ke anusAra bane haiN| maulika artha unakA yahA thA ki paraloka (jise hama dUsare zabdoM meM indriyAtIta-tathya bhI kaha sakate haiM) kI sattA ko mAnanevAlA 'Astika' aura na mAnanevAlA 'nAstika' kahalAtA hai| spaSTata: isa artha meM jaina aura bauddha jaise darzanoM ko nAstika kahA hI nahIM jA sktaa| isake viparIta hama to yaha samajhate haiM ki zabda-pramANa kI nirapekSatA se vastu-tattva para vicAra karane ke kAraNa dUsare darzanoM kI apekSA unakA apanA eka AdaraNIya vaiziSTya hI hai|' 'isameM sandeha nahIM ki na kevala bhAratIya darzana ke vikAsa kA anugamana karane ke lie, apitu bhAratIya-saMskRti ke svarUpa ke uttarottora vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie bhI jainadarzana kA atyanta mahattva hai| bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM ahiMsAvAda ke rUpa meM athavA paramata-sahiSNutA ke rUpa meM athavA samanvayAtmaka-bhAvanA ke rUpa meM jainadarzana aura jaina-vicAradhArA kI jo dena hai, use samajhe binA vAstava meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa ko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa|' -(jainadarzana' prAkkathana, DaoN. maMgaladeva zAstrI) 00 48 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka - Page #51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sarvamAnya hai mahAvIra kI janmasthalI vaizAlI -DaoN. zAnti jaina vaizAlI ke nAmakaraNa se Aja bhale hI kitanI hI Apatti uThAyI jAye, kintu yaha spaSTa satya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDapura-kuNDagrAma' yA 'kuNDalapura' videhakSetra meM sthita hone ke kAraNa vastuta: vaizAlI se paryApta sAmIpya rakhatI hai| isI tathya ko Adhunika bhAratIya evaM videzI manISiyoM kI mAnyatAoM ke pariprekSya meM viduSI lekhikA ne isa Alekha meM bhalI-bhA~ti spaSTa kiyA hai| -sampAdaka anekAneka sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para ise nirvivAda-satya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI 'vaizAlI' hI hai| jaina-sAhitya meM aise uddharaNa bhare par3e haiM, jinameM mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI' ko batAyA gayA hai| - vaizAlI kA itihAsa rAjanItika dRSTi se to mahattvapUrNa hai hI, kintu yahIM bauddhasaMgha kI saMgIti haI thI aura yahIM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thA, isalie yahA~ kI dharatI atyanta punIta evaM mahimAmayI hai| prAcIna matoM ke atirikta hama Adhunika vidvAnoM ke matoM para bhI dRSTi DAla sakate haiN| - san 1945 I. meM Ayojita 'prathama vaizAlI mahotsava' meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue DaoN. rAdhAkumada mukharjI ne kahA thA "Vaishali first emerges into history as the birthplace of the great leader of Jainism Vardhamana Mahavira, the 24th of the Jain Tirthankaras, Mahavira was born in one of the three distircts of Vaisali, known as Vaisali proper, Kundagrama of Kundpura and Vanijyagrama. The centre of the Kundagrama was a place called Kalliaga, described as Naya-Kula, the home of the people called Imatrikas of whom Mahavira was born. Therefore Mahavira known as vesalie, Vaisalika in the Sutrakritang, the first citizen of Vaisali." tatkAlIna rAjyapAla mahAmahima zrImAdhava zrIhari aNe ne 'caturtha vaizAlI-mahotsava' meM 21 apraila, 1948 ko kahA thA Just outside Vaisali lay the Suburb Kundagrama-probably surviving in prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1049 Page #52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ the modern village of vasukunda. Siddhartha was living here. He was married to Trishala, sister of Chetaka, the Licchavi Republican president, Mahavira or Vardhamana was born to them at this place. san 1952 I. 'AThaveM vaizAlI-mahotsava' ke avasara para zrI kanhaiyAlAla mAnikalAla muMzI ke zabdoM meM :- "Vaisali was not merely the home of wealth, power and beauty, it was also rich in the learning and high aspirations. Here in Kundagrama a Suburb of Vaisali, was born Vardhmana Mahavira, the founder of Jainism. He spent twelve rainy seasons of his ascetic life here.' ___Mahavira was the son of Siddhartha, a wealthy noble-man of Vaisali. His mother Trishala was the sister of Vaisali's chief Chetaka. - vaizAlI ko 'dharma aura vidyA kA tIrtha' mAnate huye san 1953 I. meM paM. sukhalAla jI saMghavI. ne 'naveM vaizAlI-mahotsava' meM kahA thA ki dIrghatapasvI mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi aura tathAgata buddha kI upadezabhUmi hone ke kAraNa vaizAlI videha' kA pradhAna nagara rahA hai| yaha kevala jainoM aura bauddhoM kA nahIM, apitu mAnavajAti kA eka tIrtha bana gayA hai| san 1955 I. meM "gyArahaveM vaizAlI-mahotsava' meM apane vicAra vyakta karate hue DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne kahA ki vaizAlI vaha bhUmi hai, jisane mahAvIra jaise mahApuruSa ko janma diyaa| DhAI hajAra varSa pahale vaizAlI eka vaibhavazAlI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita thii| vaizAlI kA eka bhAga 'kuNDapura' yA 'kSatriyakuNDa' kahalAtA thA, jahA~ ke rAjabhavana meM rAjA siddhArtha apanI rAnI trizalA ke sAtha dharma aura nyAyapUrvaka zAsana karate the| rAnI trizalA kI kukSi se varddhamAna mahAvIra kA janma huA, jisakA pAlana-poSaNa rAjakumAra ke anurUpa huaa| 23 apraila, 1956 I. ko bhArata ke prathama rASTrapati DaoN. rAjendra prasAda ne kahA thA--- vaizAlI licchiviyoM aura vRjjiyoM ke gaNarAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| isake atirikta vaizAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hai jo bhagavAn buddha ko bhI bahuta priya thii| __ san 1956 I. meM hI 'bArahaveM vaizAlI-mahotsava' ke antargata DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke zabdoM meM vaizAlI nAmaka pavitra rAjadhAnI bhArata ke sAMskRtika aura rAjanItika itihAsa meM ciravizruta hai| yahIM licchavi gaNarAjya ne mAnava kI vyaktitva-garimA, samatA aura svatantratA ke mahattvapUrNa prayoga kiye aura isI ke samIpa kuNDagrAma meM janma lekara jJAtavaMzIya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAnava ko cirapratiSThA prApta karAnevAle usa mahAn buddhi-parAyaNa evaM sAdhanApradhAna dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| ___ isI avasara para 23 apraila, 1956 ko adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hae tatkAlIna rAjyapAla mahAmahima zrIraMganAtha rAmacandra divAkara ne kahA thA-- "vaizAlI nAma meM jAdU kA asara hai| isI kSetra kA 'vAsukuNDa' antima jaina tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| ve jainadharma ke saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| lagabhaga do hajAra varSoM se adhika 00 50 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samaya se vAsukuNDa grAma kA yaha choTA-sA kSetra bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi hone ke kAraNa unheM samarpita hai| mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke vicAra se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane siddhilAbha ke pahale tapasvI jIvana ke ATha varSAvAsa vaizAlI' meM bitAye the aura siddhilAbha ke bAda cAra aura varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM bitaaye| vaizAlI hI mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi thii| yaha kama Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai ki jainoM ne apane tIrthakara kI janmabhUmi kA nAma taka bhulA diyaa| 30 mArca, 1961 I. ko 'satrahavA~ vaizAlI-mahotsava' Ayojita huA, jisameM TI.ena. rAmacandrana ne apane vicAra isaprakAra vyakta kiye : Vaisali (Basadha, is Hajipur sub-division of Muzaffarpur) is the birthplace of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. It was the capital of the Licchavi clan, related by marriage to the Magadh Kings and the ancestors of the king of Nepal, of the Mauryas and of the Guptas. Subsequently but long prior to the birth of the last Tirthankara Mahavira, Vaisali became a republic and a not-worthy seat of democratic ideas. Such in brief is the life account of Lord Mahavira, which is important in our study of the cultural history of India, and the city of Vaisali played an important part in the spiritual effort which Mahavira made, Modern researches and excavations in and around here have definitely proved the correctness of identifying the present site with ancient Vaisali. Outside Vaisali is Kundgrama, at present represented by the modern village of Vaskunda. Here it was that Siddartha of the Natha-Vansa married Trishala, sister of Chetaka, who was then the president of the Licchivi Republic. To them and in this place was born Mahavira. san 1962 I. meM 17 apraila ko aTThArahaveM vaizAlI-mahotsava meM pramukha vaktA-pada se bolate hue DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne kahA thA ki vaizAlI hI vaha bhUmi hai, jisameM bhagavAn buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI caraNaraja par3I hai| yahA~ ke AkAza meM, vAyumaNDala meM unake sandeza gUMja rahe haiN| mahAn hai yaha nagarI vaizAlI ! hindu-dharma ke sarvazreSTha-puruSa maryAdApuruSottama rAma ne ise pavitra kahA hai aura mahAvIra kI to yaha janmabhUmi hI rahI hai| ___ san 1963 I. meM '19veM vaizAlI-mahotsava' para prAkRta jaina zodha-saMsthAna kI vidvatsabhA meM AcArya vijayendra sUri ke eka lekha, vaizAlI : jainadharma aura jainadarzana' kA pATha kiyA gayA thA, jisake kucha aMza isaprakAra haiM : "vaizAlI ke nikaTa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna nizcita karane ke kAraNa mujhe rUr3hivAdiyoM ke virodha kA bhI sAmanA karanA par3A, para maiM sadA naye-naye pramANoM ke saMgraha meM lagA rhaa| vaizAlI-gaNa meM sthita kuNDapura' meM bhagavAn kA janma huaa| isI bhUmi meM unakA bacapana 10 51 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bItA, yauvana biitaa| apane gharavAloM se anumati lekara yahIM unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane chadmastha tathA kevalI-kAla kA bhI kucha samaya bhagavAn ne yahIM bitaayaa| vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kA sambandha usa samaya ke prAya: sabhI pramukha rAjAoM se thaa| ceTaka kI bahana trizalA kA vivAha kuNDapura' ke rAjA siddhArtha se huA thaa| ve hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAtA thiiN| mujhe isa bAta kA duHkha hai ki abhI jaina-samAja apane kartavya-nirvAha meM pIche hai| isakA eka kAraNa unakI ajJAnatA aura pracAra kI kamI hai| para yadi samRddha aura par3hA-likhA samAja bhagavAna ke janma-kalyANa kI pavitra-bhUmi para mandira-nirmANa karA de, to nizcaya hI tIrthayAtrI bhI yahA~ darzana-pUjana ke liye Ane lage aura vismata-tIrtha apane yogya-gaurava ko prApta kara le|" DaoN. bI.sI. laoN ne eka lekha meM likhA hai : "Mahavira is spoken as Vesalie or Vaisalika an inhabitant of Vaisali. Abhayadeva in his commentry on the Bhagawatisutra explains Vaisalika by Mahavira and speaks of visala as Mahavira. The Venerable ascetic Mahavira, a Videha, son of Videha-datta, native of Videha, a prince of Videha had lived 30 years in Videha, the capital of which was Vaisali, when his parents died. During his later ascetic life Mahavira did not neglect the city of his birth and out of forty two rainy seasons during this period of his life he passed no less than twelve at Vaisali." __ AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ne vaizAlI ko 'yugAntarakAriNI nagarI' kI saMjJA dI hai| ise hI jainadharma ke saMzodhaka tathA pracAraka mahAvIra varddhamAna kI janmabhUmi hone kA vizeSa gaurava prApta hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki vaizAlI meM aneka vibhUtiyA~ utpanna huI, parantu unameM sabase sundara vibhUti hai-- bhagavAn mahAvIra, jisakI prabhA Aja bhI bhArata ko camatkRta kara rahI hai| laukika vibhUtiyA~ bhUtalazAyinI bana gaIM, parantu yaha divyavibhUti Aja bhI amara hai aura AnevAlI aneka zatAbdiyoM meM apanI zobhA kA isIprakAra vistAra karatI rheNgii| mahAvIra gautama buddha ke samasAmayika the, parantu buddha ke nirvANa se pahale hI unakA avasAna ho gayA thaa| isaprakAra vaidika-dharma se pRthak dharmoM ke saMsthApakoM meM mahAvIra varddhamAna prathama mAne jA sakate haiM aura inakI janmabhUmi hone se vaizAlI kI paryApta-pratiSThA hai| prasiddha itihAsavid sAhityaratna pro. yogendra mizra ne apane lekha meM aneka sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vaizAlI ko mahAvIra kI janmasthalI mAnA hai| unake anusAra Aja bhI vaizAlI ke loga vaizAlI ke pAsa sthita 'vAsukuNDa' ko 'mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi' ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| san 1960 I. meM 'sohalaveM vaizAlI-mahotsava' ke avasara para apane udgAra vyakta karate hue DaoN. sampUrNAnanda ne kahA thA- vaizAlI kI khyAti eka prabala-rAjya kA mukhya-sthAna hone ke kAraNa nahIM hai, varan isalie ki vaha isa deza ke dhArmika itihAsa meM apanA vizeSa-sthAna rakhatI hai| jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra kA janma yahIM huaa| unakI dRSTi 0052 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ meM vaizAlI ko 'bhArata kA sAMskRtika tIrtha' kahA jA sakatA hai| __zrI jagadIzacandra mAthura ke eka reDiyo-rUpaka, vaizAlI digdarzana' meM eka pathika ke mAdhyama se yaha saMvAda kahalAyA gayA hai.-"mahAvIra ne apane Atmabala se samasta bhUkhaNDa ko vaizAlI ke adhIna kara diyaa| ye hI ve mahAvIra the, jinake dvArA bar3hAye gaye jainadharma ko Aja bhI bhAratavarSa meM hajAroM strI-puruSa mAnate haiN| ye jainoM ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne zrIpArzvanAtha ke mata ko apanAkara use pariSkRta rUpa diyaa| tumhAre isa gA~va se saTA jo vAsukuNDa gA~va hai, vahI taba 'kuNDagrAma' kahalAtA thA aura vahIM unakA janma huaa| tIsa varSoM taka sAMsArika jIvana bitAkara phira vaha zramaNa banakara nikala pdd'e| sArA vajjI aura magadhapradeza unake upadezoM se anuprANita ho calA, lekina vaizAlI ko ve na bhUle aura bahuta bAra ye varSAvAsa karane kuNDagrAma bhI aaye|" 'isa vaizAlI ke A~gana meM' zIrSaka kavitA meM zrI manoraMjanaprasAda siMha kI ye paMktiyA~ draSTavya hai : sunA, yahIM utpanna huA thA kisI samaya vaha raajkumaar| tyAga diye the jisane jaga ke bhogavilAsa rAja-zRMgAra / / jisake nirmala jainadharma kA deza-deza meM huA prcaar| tIrthaMkara jisa mahAvIra ke yaza aba bhI gAtA sNsaar|| hai pavitratA bharI huI isa vimala bhUmi ke kaNa-kaNa meN| mata kaha kyA kyA huA yahA~ isa vaizAlI ke A~gana meN|| vaizAlI kI puNyabhUmi meM tIrthaMkaroM kI kaI matiyA~ milane ke atirikta aise anaginata-sAkSya haiM, jo yaha siddha karate haiM ki varddhamAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI vaizAlI' hI hai| * dhyAna aura digambara-paramparA ..... hama svayaM anubhava kareMge ki hamArI zvetAmbara-paramparA kI apekSA digambaraparamparA meM dhyAna kI paddhati surakSita rahI hai aura jitane graMtha digambara-AcAryoM ke haiM, dhyAna ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara-AcAryoM ke utane nahIM haiN| una logoM meM sAdhanA kA bahuta acchA krama calA hai| jo paramparA bAda meM rahI, usameM bAhya-kriyA jyAdA A gii|" -(cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa, pRSTha 62).. ahisArUpI amRta auSadhi ahiMsAdharma ko rasAyana evaM amRta kA paryAyavAcI mAnA hai-- _ 'amRtatvahetubhUtaM paramamahiMsArasAyanaM labdhvA / ' - (puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 78) artha :--- ahiMsA amaratA pradAna karanevAlA parama rasAyana hai| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 53 Page #56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'kuNDalapura' yA 'kuNDapura' (tathya aura satya) nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI vartamAna meM jaina vidvatparamparA ke sarvazreSTha, sarvAdhika pratiSThita evaM sarvAdhika vayovRddha manISI-pravara paM. nAthUlAla jI saMhitAsUri haiN| unakI puNya-lekhanI se prasUta yaha Alekha apane Apa meM do TUka zabdoM meM videha-kuNDapura' ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ghoSita karatA hai| jinheM jaina-vidvatparamparA para AsthA hai, unheM isa Alekha ko par3hane ke bAda saMbhavata: bhrama kA koI avakAza nahIM raha jaayegaa| samAja ko nibhrAntarUpa se dizAbodha dene ke liye hI aisI variSThatama vidvAn kA Alekha yahA~ sAdara prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| --sampAdaka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna 'videha deza' meM sthita thaa| usake 'kuNDalapura' yA 'kuNDapura' donoM nAma prasiddha the| videha' himAlaya aura gaMgA ke madhya thaa| dUsarI sImA pUrva meM 'kosI' pazcima meM 'gaMDakI' uttara meM himAlaya' aura dakSiNa meM 'gaMgA' thii| prAcIna sAhitya ke anusAra dakSiNa-pUrva meM vaizAlI' aura uttara-pUrva meM 'kuNDalapUra' yA 'kuNDapura' sthita thaa| pazcima meM vANijya grAma thaa| vaizAlI aura kuNDalapura yA kuNDapura pAsa hI avasthita the| donoM pRthak-pRthak aura svAdhIna-svataMtra nagara the, jo gaMDakI nadI ke pUrvI taTa para the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dIkSita hokara bAhara vihAra kara jAne se 'kuNDapura' pUrvavat nahIM rhaa| cauthI zatAbdI ke AcArya yativRSabha tiloyapaNNattI' grantha, pRSTha 549 para likhate haiM siddhattharAya piyakAriNI hi Nayarambhi kuMDale viiro| uttara phAguNi divase citasiyA terasIe upynnnno|| arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra kuNDalapura meM pitA siddhArtha aura mAtA priyakAriNI se caitra zuklA trayodazI ko uttaraphAlgunI nakSatra meM utpanna hue| 'SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA' (9vIM zatAbdI ke caturtha khaNDa pRSTha 121) meM kuNDalapura janmasthAna aura usI graMtha ke bhAga 9, 4-1-44 meM kuNDapura likhA hai| 00 54 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ usake pazcAt AcArya guNabhadra ne 'uttarapurANa' 74-251 tathA 74-252 meM bharate'smin videhAkhye, viSaye bhvnaaNgnne| - rAjJa: kuMDapurezasya vasudhArA patatpRthuH / / arthAt bharatakSetra ke videhadeza meM kuNDapura ke mahArAja siddhArtha ke bhavana ke AMgana meM ratnavarSA huIM vahA~ naMdyAvarta saptakhaMDa mahala thaa| bhagavAn ke garbha meM Ane ke pUrva se devoM dvArA ratnavarSA kI jAtI hai| pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya pUjyapAda kI. 'nirvANa-bhakti' meM likhA hai- siddhArtha nRpati tanayo bhAratavAsye videhakuMDapure / devyAM priyakAriNyAM susvapnAn saMpradarzya vibhuH|| 4 / / arthAt mahArAja siddhArtha ke suputra mahAvIra ne bhArata ke videhastha kuNDapura meM solaha svapna ke pazcAt devI priyakAriNI ke garbha se caitra zukla trayodazI ko janma liyaa| isIprakAra 9vIM zatI ke harivaMzapurANa' 2/1 va 2/5 meM AcArya jinasena ne likhA hai ki bhArata ke videha dezastha kuNDapura svarga kI zobhA ko dhAraNa karate hue sukharUpa jalakuMDa sopAna hai| ____ kuNDalapura 20 mIla kI lambAI-caur3AI meM basA huA thA, jisane cInI yAtrI hayuensAMga ne dekhA thA ki yaha bar3A sarasabja vividha sundara vRkSoM aura mahaloM se samRddha thaa| isa nagara kI Arthika sthiti kRSi hone se santoSajanaka thii| annotpAdana khUba hotA thaa| prajA kA sAnaMda jIvanayApana hotA thA, majadUrI kA rivAja nahIM thaa| prajA meM amIra aura garIba kA koI khAsa bheda nahIM thaa| sAmAjika vyavasthA santoSaprada thii| ___ vardhamAna carita' ke racayitA mahAkavi asaga ke anusAra kuNDapura sabhI prakAra kI vastuoM se yukta parakoTA, khAtikA, vApikA evaM vATikAoM se paripUrNa thaa| yahA~ ke U~ce bhavana aura ratnajaTita gopura apanI ramaNIyatA se pathikoM ke mana ko mugdha kara lete the| dhanadhAnya evaM pazudhana se sahita vaha nagara prajAjanoM ko AnaMdaprada thaa| AcArya jinasena (prathama) ne videha ke kuNDapura kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne nagara kI zobhA ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki vahA~ zarada ke megha sadRza unnata bhavanoM se AkAza bhI zveta hokara zobhita hotA hai| vaha nagarI cAroM orase koTa evaM khAtikA se veSTita hai| vahA~ ke pramukha ikSvAkuvaMzIya kSatriya-zAsaka prajA ke saMrakSaNa meM sadA tatpara rahate haiN| nagara kA AyAma kaI mIla vistRta hai| mahArAja siddhArtha vaibhava sampanna prasiddha puruSa the, isIlie ceTaka mahArAja ne apanI sabase bar3I viduSI putrI trizalA (priyakAriNI) kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha se vivAha saMbaMdha kara apanA saubhAgya mAnA thaa| ___'avasarpiNI yuga' kA caturtha kAla hone se vaimAnika deva, saudharma Adi indra, bhagavAn ke garbha, janma Adi kalyANaka samArohapUrvaka manAte the| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 55 Page #58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ . bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva se bhArata meM rAjasattAyeM gaNataMtra ke rUpa meM udita ho cakI thii| jitane bhI gaNataMtra sthApita hue, unameM vRji saMgha' adhika balazAlI thA, jise 'vajjIsaMgha' bhI kahate the| yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha se saMbaMdhita thA, vaizAlI mithilA Adi ke sAtha milakara binA bhedabhAva ke saba rAjyoM kA eka vizAla gaNataMtra bana gayA thaa| gaNapati kA cunAva kama se hokara isa saMgha meM kumAra vardhamAna 'kumArAmAtya' pada para rahakara lokakalyANa aura prajA ke du:kha darda dUra karane ke kArya meM saMlagna rahate the| __ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya dhArmika evaM dArzanika krAMti bhI ho rahI thii| gauzAla, pUraNa, kazyapa, kAtyAyana apane-apane siddhAMta kA pracAra kara rahe the| ___ zveta ketu, uddAlaka, yAjJavalka Adi vaidika va upaniSada jJAtA, apane dharma kA pracAra kara rahe the| udhara cIna meM kanaphyuzasa, lAotse tathA IrAna meM jarathusta, yUnAna meM paithegorasa, philistIna meM mUsA Adi vicAraka evaM dharma-pravartaka hue the| gautamabuddha zramaNAnuyAyI zramaNAMtargata the hii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nAnA ceTaka aura mausA mahArAja zreNika (biMbasAra) the, jo rAjagRha ke nRpati the| zreNika ke eka putra kuNika (ajAtazatru) ne apane pitA ko rAjya kI lAlasA se bandI banAkara kArAgRha meM yAtanA denA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| usI ne ceTaka se bhI yuddha karake vaizAlI ko kSati phNcaaii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAvApurI meM parinirvANa ke eka hajAra varSa bAda candragupta ke guptavaMzIya samudragupta ne vaizAlI aura gaNarAjyoM ko bilakula naSTa kara diyaa| isa vinAzalIlA se vahA~ kI bahuta-sI prajA bAhara bhAga gii| kucha ne dharma-parivartana kara liyaa| rAjagRhI, nAlaMdA (magadha) Adi sthAnoM para zvetAmbara-digambara donoM ne hI naI bastI banAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA aura jainatva ke gaurava ko na bhulAte hue, vahIM maMdira kA nirmANa kara bhagavAn ke garbha, janma, tapa kalyANaka manAnA tathA vArSika melA prAraMbha kara diyaa| __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke muni jIvana ke cAturmAsa (varSAyoga) prAya: vahIM hote rhe| 'pAvApura' siddhakSetra bhI vahIM thaa| zvetAmbara, digambara pahale to sAtha rahe, pIche vahIM dUrI para zvetAmbaroM ne apanA prathaka kSetra banA liyaa| isaprakAra 1500 varSa kA dIrghakAla vyatIta ho jAne para bhI magadha ke isa kuNDalapura kA vikAsa nahIM ho skaa| isakA kAraNa hamArI samajha se sammedazikharajI ke samAna donoM sampradAyoM kA sAtha rahanA hai| vartamAna meM purAtatva kI zodha va khoja ke kAraNa puna: videha kA prAcIna kuNDalapura evaM vaizAlI prakAza meM A rahe haiN| inakI jo durdazA huI hai, usase kuNDalapura kA gauravapUrNa sthAna nahIM rhaa| pUrva rASTrapati rAjendraprasAda jI dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma sthala, pUrva smAraka kuNDapura ke vahA~ mahAvIra smAraka kI sthApanA vi.saM. 2012 meM kara dI gaI hai| tIrtha-prabaMdha 00 56 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kameTI kI sthApanA bhI ho gaI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jJAtRvaMza kI apabhraMza jathariyA jAti vahA~ vidyamAna hai| pAsa hI gaMDakI nadI abhI bhI bahatI hai| udhara rAjagRha ke pAsa hI pAvApura siddhakSetra bhI hai, jo digambara zvetAmbara AmnAya kA sammilita hai| dUsare pAvApura siddhakSetra banAne kI ceSTA, vyartha hI apanI zakti aura AsthA ko naSTa karanA hai| noTa :- vaizAlI gaNataMtra jo aneka rAjyoM kA milakara vizAla saMgha ke rUpa meM banA, jisameM sabhI rAjya svataMtra the, usake dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra 'kumArAmAtya' pada para cune gae the| gaNapati bhI siddhArtha aura ceTaka krama-krama se cune gaye the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko zvetAmbara-matAnusAra isa vizAla saMgha ke kumArAmAtya hone se vaizAlika' kahA jAtA thaa| kumArAmAtya kI prAcIna sIla bhI nikalI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma-sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM aneka racanAyeM par3hane para yaha samajha meM AyA ki unhoMne vaizAlI gaNataMtra aura vaizAlI nagarI donoM ko eka mAna liyA isase, kuNDalapura ko usakA upanagara kuNDagrAma likha diyaa| vartamAna meM bhI kuNDalapura janma-sthAna kI bhUmi atikramaNa hone se saMkucita dikhatI hai| ata: vaizAlI kA pracAra-prasAra aura prasiddhi hone se usake aMtargata kuNDalapura yA kuNDagrAma kI dhAraNA sarvathA galata hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM vaizAlI gaNataMtra aura vaizAlI nagara ko eka mAnane se kuNDapura yA kuNDalapura ko upa-nagara kuNDagrAma, vAsukuNDa, kSatriya kuNDa mAnanA sahI khoja nahIM hai| isakA sahI paricaya videha-kuNDapura hI hai| magadha-prAnta ke nAlandA-kuNDalapura ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnanA kadApi ucita nahIM hai| zAstrAbhyAsa ke liye apAtra vyakti "Alasyo maMdabuddhizca, sukhino vyaadhipiiddit:| nidrAluH kAmukazceti, SaDaite zAstravarjitA: / / " -(AcArya mAghanaMdi, zAstrasAra samuccaya) artha :- AlasI, maMdabuddhi, sukhAbhilASI, bImAra vyakti, nidrAbhilASI aura kAmuka (kAmavAsanAyukta cittavAle) --ye chaha vyakti zAstrAbhyAsa ke ayogya kahe gaye haiN| inheM zAstrAbhyAsa varjita hai| kartavyabodha 'tatkarma puruSa: kuryAd, yenAnte sukhmedhte|' - (naiSadhacarita) yAni manuSyoM ko vaha kArya karane cAhie, jisase anta meM sukha-zAMti mile| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 57 Page #60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI-kuNDagrAma __ _paM. balabhadra jaina sampUrNa prAcIna-vAGmaya isa bAta meM ekamata hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra videha' meM sthita 'kuNDagrAma' meM utpanna hue the| usa kuNDapura kI sthiti spaSTa karane ke lie videha kuNDapura' athavA 'videha'-janapada-sthita 'kuNDapura' nAma diyA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM 'kuNDapura' yA isase milate-julate nAmavAle nagara eka se adhika hoMge; ata: bhrama-nivAraNa aura kuNDapura kI sahI sthiti batAne ke lie kuNDapura ke sAtha videha' pada lagAnA pdd'aa| AcArya pUjyapAda-viracita saMskRta nirvANa-bhakti' meM bhagavAn ke janma-sambandhI sabhI Avazyaka bAtoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai "siddhArthanRpati-tanayo bhAratavAsye videhkunnddpure| devyAM priyakAriNyAM susvapnAnsaMpradarzya vibhuH / / " artha :- siddhArtha rAjA ke putra (mahAvIra) ko bhAratadeza ke videha kuNDapura' meM sundara (solaha) svapna dekhakara devI priyakAriNI (trizalA) ne caitra-zukla-trayodazI ko uttarA-phAlguni' nakSatra meM apane uccasthAnavAle saumya-graha aura zubhalagna meM janma diyA aura caturdazI ko pUrvAhna meM indroM meM ratnaghaToM se bhagavAn kA abhiSeka kiyaa| - harivaMzapurANa' meM kuNDapura' kI sthiti ko kucha adhika vistAra ke sAtha diyA hai| vaha isaprakAra hai-- "atha dezo'sti vistArI jambUdvIpasya bhaarte| videha iti vikhyAta: svargakhaNDasama shriyaa|| kiM tatra varNyate yatra svayaM kSatriyanAyakA: / ikSvAkava: sukhakSetre saMbhavanti divazcyutA: / / / tatrAkhaNDala-netrAlI padminIkhaNDa-maNDanam / sukhAmbha:kuNDamAbhAti nAmnA kuNDapuraM puram / / " --(2/1, 4, 5) artha :- isa jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM lakSmI se svargakhaNDa kI tulanA karanevAlA 'videha' nAma se prasiddha eka vistRta deza hai| usa deza kA kyA varNana kiyA jAye, jahA~ ke sukhadAyI-kSetra meM kSatriyoM ke nAyaka svayaM ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA svarga se cyuta ho utpanna hote haiN| usa videha deza meM 'kuNDapura' nAma kA eka aisA sundara nagara hai, jo indra ke netroM kI 00 58 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka prAkRtAvadhAna Page #61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paMktirUpI kamaliniyoM ke samUha se suzobhita hai tathA sukharUpI jala kA mAno kuNDa hI hai| 'uttarapurANa' ke kartA AcArya guNabhadra ne isa prasaMga ko isI bhA~ti likhA hai "bharate'smin videhAkhye viSaye bhvnaaNgnne| rAjJa: kuNDapurezasya vasudhArApatatpRthuH / / " artha :- bharatakSetra ke videha' nAmaka deza sambandhI kuNDapura' nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke bhavana ke A~gana meM pratidina ratnavarSA huii| ina ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn kA janma usa 'kuNDapura' nAmaka nagara meM huA thA, jo 'vidaha' deza meM sthita thaa| 'videha' janapada aura usI sImAyeM _ videha-janapada kI sImAyeM isaprakAra thIM gaNDakI-tIramArabhya campAraNyAntakaM zive / videhabhU: samAkhyAtA tIrabhuktAbhidho manuH / / -(zaktisaMgama-tantra, paTala 7) arthAt 'gaNDakI' nadI se lekara 'campAraNya' taka kA pradeza videha' athavA 'tIrabhukta' kahalAtA hai| (tIrabhukta 'tirahuta' ko kahate haiN)| vRhad viSNupurANa' ke mithilAkhaNDa meM videha' kI pahacAna aura sImAyeM batAte hue kahA "gaMgA-himavatormadhye nadIpaJcadazAntare / tairabhuktariti khyAto deza: paramapAvanaH / / kauzikIta: samArabhya gaNDakImadhigamya vai| yojanAni caturviMzat vyAyAma: parikIrtitaH / / gaMgApravAhamArabhya yAvaddhaimavataM vanam / vistAra: SoDaza: prokto dezasya kulanandanaH" / / artha :- gaMgA aura himAlaya ke madhya meM tIrabhukta' deza hai, jisameM pandraha nadiyA~ bahatI haiN| pUrva meM kauzikI (Adhunika kosI), pazcima meM gaNDakI, uttara meM himAlaya aura dakSiNa meM gaMgA nadI hai| yaha pUrva se pazcima kI ora 24 yojana hai aura uttara se dakSiNa kI ora 16 yojana hai| isI 'videha' yA 'tIrabhukti pradeza meM vaizAlI, mithilA Adi nagara the| zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM 'videha kuNDapura' ____ bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kahIM-kahIM vaideha' bhI kahA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI rAya meM isakA kAraNa unakI mAtA kA kula hai| mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA videha kula' kI thiiN| zvetAmbaragranthoM meM isake sambandha meM aneka sthAnoM para ullekha Aye haiN| kalpasUtra' (5/11) meM kahA OM sindhvATyaviSaye prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 40 59 Page #62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hai--'viNIe NAe NAyaputte NAyakulacaMde videhe videhadiNNe videhajacce videhasUmAle tIse-vAsAiM videhaMsi kttu|' - isIprakAra 'AcArAMga sUtra' meM uparyukta pATha se milatA-julatA pATha isaprakAra milatA hai-"teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre NAyaputte NAyakulacade NAyakula-Nivvatte videhe videhadiNNe videhajacce videhasumAle tIsavAsAI videhatti kaTu AgAramajjhe vesittA......" ___ ina avataraNoM se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra jJAtRkula meM utpanna hue the, ve videha ke rahanevAle the, videha ke dauhitra the aura unakI mAtA trizalA 'videhadattA' kahalAtI thiiN| zvetAmbara sUtra-sAhitya meM kuNDagrAma, kSatriyakuNDa, uttarakSatriyakuNDapura, sanniveza, kuNDagrAma nagara, kSatriyakuNDagrAma Adi aneka nAma unake janma-nagara ke milate haiM; kintu ve saba eka hI nagara ke nAma haiN| yahA~ tatsambandhI kucha uddharaNa diye A rahe haiN| inase bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma-sthAna ke sambandha meM apanA abhimata nizcita karane meM sahAyatA milegI :-- 'uttarakhattiyakuNDapurasaMNivesaMmi.......' -(AcArAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, bhAvanAkhya caturviMzatitama adhyayana) uttarakhattiyakuNDaggame Nayare.......' -(kalpasUtra dvitIya kssnn| saMkhyA 21, 26, 28, 30, 32) 'uttarakhattiyakuNDapurasaMNivesaMmi.......' - (AcArAMga, 2/24/28) 'jJAtamastIha bharate mahImaNDalamaNDanam / kSatriyakuNDagrAmAkhyaM puraM matpurasodaram / / '-- (triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10) ina avataraNoM ke prakAza meM uttara kSatriya kuNDapura' yA 'kuNDagrAma' hI bhagavAn kI janma-nagarI hai --yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha nagara videha meM sthita thA, yaha hama pahale siddha kara cuke haiN| . isa nagara kI vizeSatA batAte hue hemacandrAcArya ne jo bAteM likhI haiM, ve vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya haiM- "sthAnaM vividhacaityAnAM dharmasyaikanibandhanam / anyAyairaparispRSTaM pavitraM tacca sAdhubhiH / / magayA-madyapAnAdi-vyasanAspRSTanAgaram / tadeva. bharatakSetraM pAvanaM tIrthavad bhuvi / / " / -(triSaSTizalAkAmahApuruSacarita 103) artha :- yaha nagara nAnAprakAra ke caityoM kA sthAna thaa| dharma kA sAdhanabhUta thaa| yahA~ anyAyoM kA to sparza bhI nahIM thaa| sAdhuoM se yaha pavitra thaa| yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko zikAra, madyapAna Adi vyasanoM kA sparza taka nahIM thaa| vaha nagara vAstava meM bharatakSetra ko pavitra karanevAlA pRthvI kA mAno tIrthakSetra hI thaa| kuNDapura kI yaha stuti korI ziSTAcAraparaka sAmAnya-prazaMsA nahIM hai| AcArya ne isameM 00 60 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka prAkRtAcA Page #63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nagaravyApI vAstavikatA para hI prakAza DAlA hai| jisa nagara meM lokottara mahanIya-puruSa tIrthakara janma lenevAle haiM, vaha nagara pavitra honA cAhie, dhArmikajanoM kA kendra honA cAhie aura vahA~ ke janoM meM AcAra aura vicAra kI zuddhi honI caahie| 'kuNDapura' usa kAla meM aisA hI pavitra nagara thaa| vaizAlI hindU-purANoM ke anusAra vaizAlI' kI sthApanA 'ikSvAku' aura 'alambuSA' ke putra 'vizAla' rAjA ne kI thii| bauddhagranthoM meM isa nagarI ke nAmakaraNa kA kAraNa yaha batAyA gayA hai ki janasaMkhyA bar3hane se kaI gA~voM ko sammilita karake tIna bAra meM ise vizAla rUpa diyA gayA, isase usakA nAma 'vaizAlI' pdd'aa| ___Ajakala yaha sthAna 'basAr3ha' nAmaka gA~va se pahacAnA jAtA hai| isake AsapAsa Aja bhI basAr3ha ke atirikta baniyAgA~va, kUmala chaparAgAchI, vAsukuNDa aura kolhuA Adi gA~va AbAda haiN| samaya ke parivartana ke sAtha yadyapi prAcIna nAmoM meM thor3A-bahuta parivartana avazya ho gayA hai; kintu ina nAmoM se prAcIna nagaroM kI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai, jaise--vaizAlI, vANijyagrAma, kollAga sanniveza, karmAragrAma aura kunnddpur| bauddha-sAhitya ke anusAra vaizAlI meM prAcInakAla meM 'kuNDapura' aura 'vANijyagrAma' bhI mile hue the / dakSiNa-pUrva meM 'vaizAlI' thI, uttara-pUrva meM kuNDapura' thA aura pazcima meM vANijyagrAma' thaa| kuNDapura ke Age uttara-pUrva meM kollAga' nAmaka eka sanniveza thA, jisameM prAyaH jJAtavaMzIya kSatriya rahate the| isI 'kollAga sanniveza' ke pAsa jJAtavaMzIya kSatriyoM kA 'dyutipalAza' udyAna aura caitya thaa| isIliye ise 'NAyasaMDavaNe' athavA 'NAyasaMDe ujjANe' kahA gayA hai| DaoN. hornale kA mata hai ki mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI' ke eka upanagara kollAga' meM huA thA, jahA~ dyuti-palAza caitya' thaa| unake mata se kollAga sanniveza' meM 'jJAta' yA 'NAya' kSatriyoM kA nivAsa thaa| rAhula sAMkRtyAyana bhagavAn mahAvIra ko jJAtRvaMzIya tathA vartamAna jathariyA jAti ko jJAtRvaMza ke vaMzaja batAte haiN| unakA mata hai ki 'jJAta' zabda kA hI rUpAntarita hokara 'jathariyA' bana gayA hai--jJAtR (jJAtarajatarajathara) ikA (iyA)=jathariyA, jethriyaa| mahAvIra kA gotra kazyapa' thA tathA jathariyoM kA gotra bhI kAzyapa' hai| 'rattI' paraganA, jisameM 'basAr3ha' (prAcIna vaizAlI) hai, Ajakala bhI jathariyoM kA kendra hai| mahAvIra ke kAla meM 'vajjIdeza' meM 'nAdika' nAmaka eka grAma thA, jahA~ jJAtavaMzI kSatriya rahate the| isa nAdikA kA hI saMskRtarUpa 'jJAta' kA hotA hai| usI 'nAdikA' se 'rattI' zabda bana gayA--- rattI>lattI>nattI>nAtI> naadi| (pAlI) 'dIgha nikAya' kI 'sumaMgala vilAsinI' TIkA meM eka sthAna para isa nAma-bheda kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai- 'nAdikAti etaM talAkaM nissAya dviNNaM cUllapitu mahApitu pattAnaM dve gAmA / nAdiketi ekassiM jnyaatigaame|' isameM batAyA hai ki 'bAtika' (jJAtika) aura 'nAdika' donoM nAma eka hI sthAna ke haiN| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1061 Page #64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ trAtigAma (jJAtigAma) hone se trAti' nAma par3A aura nAdika tar3Aga (tAlAba) ke nikaTa hone se 'nAdika' khlaayaa| ___Agama-granthoM ke anusAra 'kuNDapura' ke do bhAga the--'dakSiNa kuNDapura sanniveza' aura 'uttara kuNDapura sanniveza' / 'kSatriya kuNDagrAma' uttara meM thA, jisameM mukhyata: jJAtRvaMzI kSatriya rahate the aura 'brAhmaNa kuNDagrAma' dakSiNa meM thA, jisameM mukhyata: brAhmaNa nivAsa karate the| ina ullekhoM se yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki uttara kSatriyakuNDapura sanniveza' aura 'dakSiNa brAhmaNakuNDapura sanniveza' athavA 'kSatriya kuNDagrAmanagara' aura 'brAhmaNa kuNDagrAmanagara' - donoM prAya: mile hue the| vAstava meM kuNDapura sanniveza' ke do bhAga the, jisameM uttarIbhAga meM kSatriyoM (vizeSata: jJAtRvaMzI) aura dakSiNIbhAga meM brAhmaNoM kI bastI thii| brAhmaNakuNDagrAma' ke IzAnakoNa meM prasiddha 'bahuzAla caitya' thaa| kSatriyakuNDagrAma ke IzAna koNa meM kucha Age calakara kollAga' sanniveza thaa| yaha sanniveza bhI jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoM kA thaa| kSatriyakuNDapura ke bAhara hI jJAtRkhaNDavana' nAmaka eka udyAna thA, jo jJAtRvaMziyoM kA thaa| vaizAlI kA tIsarA bhAga vANijyagrAma' nagara thaa| isameM prAya: vyApArI-baniye rahate the| yaha pazcima kI ora AbAda thaa| isake IzAnakoNa meM prasiddha 'dyatipalAza caitya' aura udyAna thaa| caitya aura udyAna --donoM hI jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoM ke the| vastuta: vaizAlI' tIna bhAgoM yA jiloM meM vibhakta thI--vaizAlI, kuNDagrAma auri vANijyagrAma / ye tInoM hI nagara bhinna-bhinna the| yaha eka-dUsare se kitanI dUra the ---isakA to kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| kintu Agama-granthoM meM tathA anyatra aise ullekha prAya: milate haiM, jinase yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki ye tInoM nagara alaga-alaga base hue the| vaizAlI saMgha vaizAlI meM mahAvIra se kucha pUrva se hI 'gaNasaMgha praNAlI' pracalita thii| sambhavata: isa 'gaNasattAka rAjya' kI sthApanA IsavI san se lagabhaga sAta zatAbdI pUrva meM gaMgA ke taTa para huI thii| isase lage hue videha rAjya kA anta janakavaMzI nimi ke putra kalAra ke samaya meM ho cukA thaa| isake bAda videha rAjya licchaviyoM ke gaNasaMgha meM mila gyaa| itihAsakAra isa mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA kA abhI taka na to kAlanirdhAraNa hI kara pAye haiM aura na vistAra se hI isake sambandha meM prakAza DAla sake haiN| janakavaMza ke antima rAjA kalAra ko prabuddha janatA ne usake durAcAra kAraNa jAna se mAra DAlA, taba janatA ne milakara yaha nizcaya kiyA ki 'aba bhaviSya meM videha meM rAjatantra kI sthApanA nahIM kI jAyegI, balki janatA kA apanA rAjya hogA, jisakA zAsana janatA ke lie janatA dvArA hogaa| -isa nizcaya ke pariNAmasvarUpa videha meM janatA ne 'videha gaNasaMgha' kI sthApanA kii| usa samaya vaizAlI meM 'licchavi saMgha' bhI maujUda thaa| kucha samaya bAda donoM gaNasaMghoM ke rAjAoM ne paraspara baiThakara sandhi kara lI aura videha gaNarAjya' vizAla vaizAlI 0062 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMgha' meM milA diyA gyaa| isa saMgha kA nayA nAma 'vajjIsaMgha' nizcita huaa| isa gaNasaMgha kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' banAyI gyii| videha ke gaNarAjya ceTaka ko 'vajjIsaMgha' kA gaNarAja yA rAjapramukha nirvAcita kiyA gyaa| ___isa gaNarAjya kI sImAyeM isaprakAra thIM-- pUrva meM vanyapradeza, pazcima meM kozaladeza aura kusInArA-pAvA, jo malloM ke gaNarAjya the| dakSiNa meM gaMgA aura gaMgA ke usa pAra magadha sAmrAjya thaa| uttara meM himAlaya kI talahaTI kA vnyprdesh| bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra para isa gaNarAjya kA vistAra 2300 vargamIla meM thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yuvAnaccAMga' nAma kA eka cInI bauddhayAtrI bhArata AyA thaa| usane likhA hai ki isa rAjya kA kSetraphala pA~ca hajAra mIla hai|' zAsana-vyavasthA - 'vajjIsaMgha' meM 9 rAjA mukhya the aura unake Upara eka gaNapati yA rAjapramukha hotA thaa| isa saMgha meM ATha kuloM ke nau gaNa the| gaNapariSad meM sammilita bhogavaMzI, ikSvAkuvaMzIya, jJAtavaMzIya, kauravavaMzIya, licchivivaMzIya, ugravaMzIya aura videha kuloM kA varNana jainAgamoM meM milatA hai| kintu ATha kuloM meM inake atirikta aura kauna-sA kula thA, yaha kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA hai| sambhavata: AThavA~ kula rAjakula' ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| isa saMgha ko 'licchavi saMgha' bhI kahA jAtA thaa| ina aSTakuloM ko vajjiyoM kA aSTakula' kahA jAtA thaa| vAstava meM ye sabhI kula 'licchavi' the| inameM jJAtRvaMzI' sarvapramukha the| gaNa-zAsana vastuta: zAsana nahIM, eka vyavasthA hotI hai| usameM dAyitva usake pratyeka sadasya para hotA hai| gaNa kA svAmI gaNapati hotA hai, aura gaNa-pariSad usakI pratinidhi hotI hai| 'vaizAlI saMgha' meM bhI yahI bAta thii| vaizAlI kA vaibhava vaizAlI atyanta samRddha nagarI thii| usa samaya vaizAlI meM eka-eka gavyUti (1 gavyUti-2 mIla) kI dUrI para tIna prAkAra bane huye the| tInoM prAkAroM meM gopura the, aTTAlikAyeM thIM tathA koThe bane hue the| ___ 'vinayapiTaka' ke anusAra vaizAlI atyanta samRddhizAlI aura dhana-jana se paripUrNa thii| usameM 7777 prAsAda, 7777 kUTAgAra, 7777 ArAma aura 7777 puSkariNiyA~ thii| - tibbata se prApta kucha granthoM ke anusAra vaizAlI meM 7000 sone ke kalazavAle mahala, 14000 cA~dI ke kalazavAle mahala tathA 21000 tA~be ke kalazavAle mahala the| ina tIna prakAra ke mahaloM meM kramaza: uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya kuloM ke loga rahate the| ___ nagara ke madhya meM eka 'maMgala puSkariNI' thii| isakA jala atyanta nirmala thaa| samaya-samaya para isakA jala badalA jAtA rahatA thaa| isameM licchiviyoM ke atirikta kisI anya ko-alicchavi ko snAna-majjana karane kA niSedha thaa| isa puSkariNI meM pazu aura pakSI taka praveza nahIM kara sakate the| isake Upara lohe kI jAlI rahatI thii| isake cAroM ora prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka .0063 Page #66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pakkI prAcIra banI huI thii| cAroM dizAoM meM dvAra aura sIr3hiyA~ banI huI thiiN| dvAroM para sahasra praharI rahate the| yadi koI kisI prakAra kI corI se isa puSkariNI meM avagAhana yA snAna karane kA sAhasa karatA thA, to usako mRtyu-daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| jaba rAjAoM (sadasyoM) kA cunAva hotA thA, to kabhI-kabhI gaNa-saMgha kisI vizeSa-vyakti ko bhI isameM snAna karane kI anumati pradAna kara detA thaa| isa puSkariNI kI khyAti sudUra dezoM taka thii| kabhI-kabhI dUsare deza ke rAjA loga isameM snAna karane ke lie saMgha se anumati dene kI prArthanA karate the; kintu gaNasaMgha ne kabhI kisI bAharI vyakti kI prArthanA svIkAra nahIM kii| vaizAlI ke licchavi __ vaizAlI meM licchaviyoM kA gaNazAsana thaa| vaizAlI ke aSTakula licchavI the| kintu itihAsakAroM ke samakSa eka prazna uThatA rahA hai ki "ye licchavI kauna the? kyA ye videha ke mUla-nivAsI the athavA kahIM bAhara se Akara basa gaye the?" ye aura aise hI kaI prazna haiM, jinakA samAdhAna honA abhI zeSa hai| DaoN. vinsaiNTa e. smitha kI mAnyatA hai ki licchavI mUlata: tibbatI the| DaoN. vidyAbhUSaNa mAnate haiM ki licchavi parziyana the| ve apane mUla nivAsa sthAna nisibI' (Nisibi) se nikalakara bhArata aura tibbata meM basa gye| DaoN. haujasana (Hodgson) kA mata hai ki se sIthiyana the| 'vaijayantI koSa' meM varNana milatA hai ki eka kSatriya-kumArI kA vivAha vrAtya ke sAtha huA, jo 'licchavI' thaa| amarasiMha, halAyudha, hemacandra Adi ke anusAra ve 'kSatriya' aura 'vrAtya' the| voTaliMga (Bothlingk), rotha (Roth) aura mauniyara viliyamsa kA abhimata hai ki ye loga rAjavaMzI the| mi. dulvA (Dulva) ne siddha kiyA hai ki licchavI kSatriya the| unhoMne bauddha-granthoM kA eka avataraNa isakI puSTi meM diyA hai jaba mauggalAyana bhikSA ke lie vaizAlI meM praviSTa hue, usa samaya licchavI magadhasamrAT ajAtazatru kA pratirodha karane ke lie bAhara nikala rahe the| licchiviyoM ne bhaktipUrvaka unase pUchA- "bhagavAn ! hamaloga ajAtazatru ke viruddha isa yuddha meM vijayI hoMge yA nahIM?" mauggalAyana ne uttara diyA-"he vaziSThagotriyo ! tumhArI vijaya hogii|" isase siddha hotA hai ki licchavI kSatriya the; kyoMki vaziSThagotrIya kSatriya hote the| . dIghanikAya' ke mahAparinivvANasutta meM AyA hai ki buddha ke nirvANa hone para unake avazeSa prApti ke lie licchiviyoM ne dAvA kiyA aura kahA ki hama bhI bhagavAn kI jAti ke haiM-- . "bhagavaM pi khattio, mAyaM pi khttiyaa|" sampUrNa jaina-digambara sAhitya meM mahAvIra aura unake pitA tathA mAtA ko kSatriya batAyA hai| ve jJAtavaMzI licchavi kSatriya the| jaina-vAGmaya ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki licchivI kahIM bAhara se Akara yahA~ nahIM base the, apitu yahIM ke mUla-nivAsI the| 00 64 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ licchaviyoM ke svabhAva, zIla, rahana-sahana, unake rIti-rivAja Adi ke sambandha meM kisI eka grantha meM pUrA varNana nahIM milatA hai; balki vibhinna bauddha granthoM aura jainAgamoM meM bikharA huA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| usa sabako saMkalita karane para licchaviyoM kI kucha spaSTa - tasvIra bana sakatI hai / vaizAlI ke licchavI yuvaka svatantratApriya, manamaujI, sundara aura jIvanarasa se labAlaba bhare hue the / sundara vastra pahanate the tathA apane rathoM ko teja calAte the / buddha ne bhI eka bAra apane bhikSuoM se kahA thA ki "jinhoMne 'trAyastriMza' ke devatA na dekhe hoM, ve ina licchaviyoM ko dekha leN| " licchaviyoM kI vezabhUSA ke sambandha meM bauddhagrantha 'lalitavistara' 'mahAvastu' meM bar3A rocaka - varNana milatA hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki licchavI logoM ko nayanAbhirAma aura paMcaraMgI vezabhUSA adhika priya thii| ve loga aruNAbha, pItAbha, zvetAbha, haritAbha aura nIlAbha vastra pahanakara jaba bAhara nikalate the, to unakI zAna aura zobhA dekhate hI banatI thI / jo loga aruNAbha vastra pahane the, unake ghor3e, lagAma, cAbuka, alaMkAra, mukuTa, chatra, talavAra kI mU~Tha para lagI maNiyA~, pAdukA aura hAtha kI paMkhI taka lAla hotI thiiN| isase lagatA hai ki licchavI kitane zaukIna, raMgIna mijAz2a, phaizanaparasta aura abhiruci - sampanna the / unakA jIvana atyanta surucipUrNa aura ullAsamaya thaa| licchavI utsavapriya the| unake yahA~ sadA koI na koI utsava hI rahatA thA / 'zubharAtrikA - utsava' meM khUba gIta-nRtya hote the, vAdya-yantra bajAye jAte the, patAkAyeM phaharAyI jAtI thIM / rAjA, senApati, yuvarAja sabhI isameM sammilita hote the aura sArI rAta manoraMjana karate the| ve lalitakalA ke bar3e zaukIna the / caitya aura udyAna banavAne kA unheM bahuta zauka thA / licchaviyoM meM paraspara bar3A prema aura sahAnubhUti thI / yadi eka licchavI bImAra par3a jAtA thA, to dUsare licchavI use dekhane Ate the / kisI licchavI ke ghara meM koI utsava hotA, to sabhI licchavi usameM sammilita hote the| agara koI videzI rAjA licchavIbhUmi meM AtA, to sAre licchavI usake svAgata ko jAte / yuvaka vRddhajanoM kI vinaya karate the / striyoM ke sAtha balAtkAra nahIM hotA thA / ve prAcIna dhArmika-paramparAoM kA nirvAha karate the| sabhI licchaviyoM kI dhArmika-niSThA nirgrantha digambara jainadharma ke prati thI aura ve usakA barAbara pAlana karate the / eka bAra svayaM buddha ne vajjIsaMgha ke senApati se kahA thA--' - siMha ! tumhArA kula dIrgha-kAla se niggaMTho (nirgranthoM) ke lie pyAU kI taraha rahA hai|' kintu ve loga itane udAra bhI the ki vaizAlI meM buddha, makkhalIputta gozAla, saMjaya velaTThaputta Adi jo bhI tIrthika Ate the, unake prati bhI ve sammAna prakaTa karate the, unake bhojana - nivAsa kI vyavasthA karate the; kintu unakI dhArmika - zraddhA to kevala NiggaMThaNAyaputta mahAvIra ke prati hI thI / prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 65 Page #68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra -DaoN. devendra 66 kumAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa - mahotsava ke suavasara para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sambandha meM bahuAyAmI dRSTi se anekoM vidhAoM meM sAhitya-sRjana kiyA gayA thA / usI prasaMga meM kahAnIparaka pustakeM bhI prAcIna Agama-granthoM ke AdhAra para jainasamAja ke pratiSThita vidvAnoM ne taba likhI thIM / aise hI eka manISI kI kathAtmakaka- kRti se yaha aMza yahA~ prastuta hai, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI janmabhUmi ke bAre meM prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| - sampAdaka zAstrI zAsana una dinoM bhArata ke pUrvIya kSetroM meM 'tantra' tathA 'vigraha' kI prayoga - bhUmi bana rahe the / kahIM gaNatantroM ke rUpa meM rAjya vikasita ho rahe the, to kahIM aneka ekatantrI rAjavaMza apanA-apanA mastaka U~cA karane meM lage hue the| kahIM choTe-choTe rAjya hiMsA tathA vigraha kI agni meM jhulasa rahe the| ve eka-dUsare ko apane-apane adhikAra meM lene ke lie satata saceSTa rahate the| parAjaya tathA apamAna kI cinagAriyA~ prAya: barasane ke lie koI-na-koI avasara kI pratIkSA meM rahatI thiiN| isaliye choTI-choTI bAtoM ko lekara prAya: yuddha bhar3aka jAyA karate the| ekatantrI-rAjavaMzoM meM tanAva banA rahatA thA / sAmaMjasya kI koI bhUmikA hI nahIM thI / vaizAlI kA gaNatantra apane yuga meM sabase adhika prasiddha thaa| usakI gaurava-garimA sAgara ke usa pAra sudUra pArasya, misra, cIna aura yavana - dezoM taka phaila cukI thI / dUra - dezAntaroM ke jalapota 'tAmralipti pattana' para Akara rukate the, jinameM vizva ke aneka bhAgoM ke bahumUlya vastu-s - sampadA vaizAlI kI paNyaya-vIthiyoM meM bikane ke lie AtI thI / vaizAlI kI ApaNoM (dukAnoM) para saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu bikrI ke lie AtI rahatI thii| sabhI prakAra ke pArakhI aura abhiruci ke loga vahA~ nivAsa karate the / deza meM usa samaya choTe-bar3e yA 'saMgharAjya' bhI kahate the| vaizAlI malla, licchavI, vajjI, evaM jJAtR Adi ATha - gaNatantroM kA eka saMyukta saMgha thA, jise 'vajjisaMgha' yA 'licchavI saMgha' bhI kahA gayA hai / vajjisaMgha kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' thI / bhAratIya pUrva-aMcala meM eka ora malla, licchavI tathA zAkya evaM yaudheya Adi gaNatantra prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apanI samRddhi para the; to dUsarI ora magadha, vatsa, kauzala, Adi rAjatantra bhI apanI yazasvitA ke zikhara para pahu~ca rahe the| vajjisaMgha' kI sthApanA kaI gaNarAjyoM ne milakara kI thii| vaizAlI kI saMghIya-vyavasthA bahuta kucha prajAtantrAtmaka thii| janatA apanA mata dene aura manavAne ke lie svatantra hotI thii| mata dene kI eka paddhati thii| zAsaka kI sarvocca-sattA kendrIya samiti ke adhIna rahatI thii| vibhinna-gaNarAjyoM meM kendrIya samiti kI sadasya-saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna thii| yaudheyoM kI samiti meM pA~ca sahasra aura licchavi-saMgha meM sadasyoM kI saMkhyA sAta hajAra sAta sau sAta thii| samiti kA saMgaThana 'saMthAgAra' meM kiyA jAtA thaa| licchavi rAjAoM ke saMthAgAra meM praveza karate hI gaganabhedI nAroM se vaizAlI guMjAyamAna ho uThatI thii| sabake apane alaga-alaga pada aura adhikAra the| sabhI eka anuzAsana meM Abaddha the| apane niyata-sthAna aura nizcita-kArya ke prati sabhI sajaga tathA sAvadhAna rahate the| gaNarAjya kI zAsana-vyavasthA meM mantriyoM kI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM thii| kendrIya-samiti se nirdezita evaM anumodita mantriyoM kI saMkhyA sAmAnyata: cAra se lekara bIsa taka hotI thii| licchavi-videha kI rAjya-pariSad meM sadasyoM kI saMkhyA aTThAraha thii| malloM kI mantri-pariSad meM kevala cAra hI mantrI the, jabaki licchaviyoM kI mantri-pariSad meM nau sadasya the| gaNarAjya meM svAyatta-zAsana ko mahattva diyA jAtA thaa| usameM nyAya-vyavasthA paryApta saMgaThita thii| zAsana-vyavasthA ko sucArurUpa se saMcAlita karane ke lie prAya: vaizAlI ke saMthAgAra meM saMgha ko Amantrita kiyA jAtA thA, baiThaka bulAI jAtI thii| saMgha meM vicAra karane ke lie prastuta kie jAne vAle prastAvoM para sadasyoM kI svIkRti Avazyaka mAnI jAtI thii| sadasyoM kI nyUnatama upasthiti-saMkhyA nirdhArita thii| sadasyoM kI gaNanA kA kArya gaNapUraka dekhatA thaa| vaha nizcita saMketoM se sabako avagata karAtA thaa| sadasyoM kI saMkhyA niyata se kama hone para viSaya-prastAva agalI baiThaka taka ke lie sthagita ho jAte the| sadasya prAya: apanI svIkRti mauna hokara pradAna karate the| virodha prakaTa karane ke lie sadasya ko bolanA par3atA thaa| yadi kisI kAraNavaza koI sadasya saMgha kI baiThaka meM upasthita nahIM ho pAtA thA, to usakA mata prApta karane kI vyavasthA thii| mata kA saMgraha sAmAnyarUpa se zalAkA ke prayoga ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA thaa| zalAkA kA grahaNa tIna taraha se hotA thA--guptarUpa se, dhIre se kAna meM kahakara aura chanda (voTa) pradAna kr| yadi samiti kisI nirNaya ko lene meM asamartha rahatI thI, to usakA nirNaya saMgha meM kiyA jAtA thaa| isaprakAra eka sundara saMgha-praNAlI vaizAlI meM pracalita thii|.. . eka bAra rAtri ke antima prahara se hI vaizAlI ratnaprabhAoM se Alokita ho rahI thii| sthAna-sthAna para prakAza kI prabhA vikIrNa ho rahI thii| saundarya ke apUrva vigraha meM mAnoM kAmadeva ne avatAra liyA ho| aga-jaga ke Anana meM praphullatA aura utsAha lakSita ho rahA prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 67 Page #70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ thaa| varddhamAna ke USAkAlIna anurAga se raMjita dinakara ke samAna divya-saundarya ke darzana ke lie Aja bhora se hI dharatI aura AkAza saMbhI apane vaibhava ke sAtha vaizAlI meM utkaMThita ho rahe the| prakRti eka advitIya pulakana ko bhara rahI thii| sabhI ora deva-dundubhiyA~ guMjAyamAna ho rahI thiiN| antarikSa meM deva-devAMganAoM kI samakoNa paMktiyA~ divya vAdyoM ke madhya jaya-jayakAra ke sAtha puSpa-vRSTi karatI huIM tumulanAda kara rahI thiiN| kahIM nRtya-gAna ho rahA thA, to kahIM ananta-raMgoM kI vibhA citta ko camatkRta karatI huI vibhinna-rUpoM meM bhAsvarita ho rahI thii| ____ kSatriya-kuNDapura' kA 'nandyAvarta' prAsAda cAroM ora se suvAsita-puSpoM se AvRtta eka naI zobhA ko dhAraNa kara rahA thaa| prAsAda kI amala dhavalatA apane antahIna-nayanoM se jhA~ka rahI thii| ananta-virATa kI nIlimA ke Ara-pAra saudharma indra kA vizAla-parikara tathA zata-sahasra, sura-asura nikaroM kA samavAya umar3atA huA calA A rahA thaa| gaganabhedI- svara mukharita hone lage the| nizceSTa prakRti apanI alasa-tandrA ko bhaMga kara aMgar3AI lene lagI thii| usake vistIrNa-Anana para ullAsa kI eka vikasvara-AbhA lakSita hone lagI thii| saudharmendra airAvata gajarAja para AsIna hokara harSa se uchalatA huA vaizAlI meM avataraNa kara rahA thA / gajarAja kilakArI bharatA huA mahAdevI trizalA ke prakoSTha para praNipAta karatA hai| zacI ne vAtAyana ke patha se kakSa meM praviSTa ho mAtA ko avasvApinI-nidrA meM lIna kara jyotirmAna-bAlaka ko apanI bA~hoM meM bharakara bAhara le AyI hai, mAno nidrA ke garbha meM prasupta ananta-prakRti jAgaraNa kI kiraNoM ko prakaTa kara digdigantoM meM vyApta kara rahI ho / zacI kA aMga-aMga apUrva-pulakana se romAMcita ho jAtA hai| indra bhI natamastaka ho umaMga se bhara kara usa jyotipuJja ko apane aMka meM bhara letA hai| indra kisI Ananda ke pArAvAra meM nimajjita ho jAtA hai| apane sahasra-nayanoM se bhI vaha usa trilokavyApinI divya-AbhA ko nahIM bA~dha pAtA hai| sura, zakrendra use jyoM-jyoM nihArate jAte haiM, tyoM-tyoM lAvaNya kI gatizIlatA pratisamaya camatkAra utpanna karatI jAtI hai| usa samaya ananta-prakRti bhI use nihAratI hI raha jAtI hai| sabhI ke nayana atRpta rUpa-nidhi ke sAgara meM tirate raha jAte haiN| suvAsita manda-samIra ke pravAha se vAtAvaraNa meM eka navIna-cetanA kA prasAra hone lagatA hai| saudharmendra gajarAja para ArUDha ho zizu ko apane aMta meM virAjita kara suragiri ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| eka vizAla utsava-yAtrA Arambha ho jAtI hai| gagana-paTaloM se maMgala ninAda mukharita hone lagatA hai| cAroM ora maMgala-gIta sunAI par3ane lagate haiN| vipula vAdya-nirghoSa aura maMgala-ravoM se saMkula AkAza-mArga pratidhvanita ho utkaNThita jAna par3atA hai| IzAnendra vibhu para zveta Atapatra kI bhA~ti chatra tAne hue garva kA anubhava karate haiN| sanatkumAra aura mAhendra atyanta ujjvala ca~vara apanI vistRta kara-zAkhAoM meM samhAle hue 00 68 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ DulAte haiN| asaMkhya prANiyoM ke netra bhagavAn ko dekhane ke lie utsuka ho jAte haiN| __'nandana-vana' kI sAndra, surabhita vIthiyoM se alaMkRta evaM zItala amRta-sarovaroM se AplAvita pANDuka-vana' meM praviSTa ho deva-devAMganAoM ke ratha sthira ho jAte haiN| antarikSa meM bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke nRtya hone lagate haiN| vidyAdhara, khecara, naradeva Adi prabhu ke yathAjAtarUpa dekhane ko lAlAyita ho uThate haiN| saudharmendra atyanta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha apane sukumAra-karoM se zizu ko arddhacandrAkAra-zilA para avasthita ratnajaTita siMhAsana para virAjamAna karatA hai| itane meM hI laukAntika-deva kSIrasamudra jAkara eka hajAra ATha kalazoM meM nirmala tathA pavitra jala bhara lAte haiN| sarvaprathama saudharmendra ratnakAya svarNAbha-kalaza ko thAmakara zizu para jaladhArA karane ke lie udyata hotA hai, kintu kisalaya ko bhI tiraskRta karanevAlI sukumAratA ko lakSita kara mana vicalita ho uThatA hai| parantu zizu-prabhu ke aparimita bala ko dekhakara indra kA saMzaya dUra ho jAtA hai| kAla kI akhaNDa-gati kI bhA~ti eka hajAra ATha sau kalazoM kI jaladhArA satata prabhu ke Upara pravahamAna rahatI hai| jaya-jayakAra ke sAtha zata-sahasra indra-mAhendra tathA laukAntikadeva prabhu kA abhiSeka karate haiN| usa samaya kevala pRthvItala para hI nahIM, gagana meM aura tiryaka dizAoM meM bhI jaya-jaya dhvani kA nirghoSa anugaMjita ho jAtA hai| jar3a-cetana sabhI lokAkAza meM kisI anokhI samAdhi meM lIna hone lagate haiN| kevala eka avyakta sat, cidAkAza cetanA kA sahaja ullAsa apArthivatA kA divya saundarya lakSita hone lagatA hai| indra-mAhendra bhI kSaNabhara ke lie kisI gahana dhyAna-samAdhi meM lIna ho jAte haiN| kucha kSaNoM ke pazcAt saudharmendra zizu-prabhu kI stuti karatA hai-"he bhagavan ! ApakI AtmA nirmala hai| ApakA yaha zarIra vizuddha zAnti ke paramANuoM se nirmita hai| ataeva saMsAra ke azuddha-jala se hama loga ApakI kyA zuddhi kara sakate haiM? he tribhuvana ke saundarya sAra ! Apake samAna vizuddha lAvaNya kahA~ hai? ApakI isa kAyA se vItarAgatA jhA~ka rahI hai| ____ zacI prabhu ke pAradarzI aMgoM para sthita jala-binduoM ko bAra-bAra poMchatI hai| kintu vaha jyoM-jyoM kapAla-sthita jala-binduoM ko poMchane kI ceSTatA karatI hai, tyoM-tyoM apane ko nirAza pAtI hai| anta meM vaha jAna jAtI hai ki usake AbhUSaNoM kA pratibimba jala-binduoM kI bhrAnti utpanna kara rahA hai| itane meM hI saudharmendra kI dRSTi zizu ke paga ke dAhine aMguSTha para par3atI hai| usameM mRgendra kA lAMchana dekhakara vaha zizu kA nAma varddhamAna' aura unakA paricaya-cihna 'siMha' ghoSita karatA hai| mahotsava kA vizAla-samUha eka bAra punaH jaya-jayakAra se tInoM lokoM ko guMjA detA hai| zacI suruci ke sAtha yathAyogya prasAdhanoM se tathA vastra-bhUSA se zizu ko alaMkRta kara mAtA ko sauMpane ke lie le jAtI hai| apanI mAyA se mahArAnI ko saceta kara unakI stuti karatI hai :- "he jaganmAtA ! tuma dhanya ho| tumhArA yaha putra vizva kA kalyANa kregaa| saMsAra meM saMkhyAta mAtAyeM bAlaka ko janma detI haiM, kintu jisa prakAra prAcI-dizA hI 0069 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhuvana - bhAskara ko janma detI hai, usIprakAra se Apane ise janma diyA hai / ataeva Apake samAna bhAgyazAlinI anya mAtA nahIM hai / " tadanantara saba devoM se parivRtta indra ne 'nandyAvarta' ke prAsAda ke alinda meM hI rAjA siddhArtha kA bahuta sammAna kiyA / ratna- pannAjaTita vastrAbhUSaNoM ko indra svayaM unheM pradAna karatA hai / puna: eka utsava manAyA jAtA hai / indra usa utsava meM eka nRtya-nATikA prastuta karatA huA 'Ananda' nAmaka abhinaya ko prakaTa karatA hai / anta meM varddhamAna ko praNAma kara indra sabhI devatAoM ke sAtha apane nivAsa sthAna para calA jAtA hai / prAcIna 'vajji gaNatantra' kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' meM kaI dinoM taka lagAtAra mahotsava manAye gye| prajA ne atyanta harSollAsa ke sAtha janmotsava mnaayaa| dUra-dUra se kaI dezoM ke rAjA isa utsava meM sammilita hue the, jinameM pratApazAlI kaliMganareza jitazatru bhI the / licchavi kI nau upajAtiyoM ne milakara atyanta prabhAvaka - mahotsava manAkara mAno apane gaurava-gAna ko hI prakAzita kiyA thA / dina-pratidina loga harSa se vRddhiMgata hote jA rahe the / rAjya meM vipula, dhana, aizvarya, sampadA tathA dhAnya kI vRddhi hotI jA rahI thI / ataH sabhI ko yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki mahArAjA siddhArtha ke tanaya kA 'varddhamAna' nAma sArthaka hai / 'nAthakula' ke nAma rAjA siddhArtha bhI apane Apako gauravazAlI samajhane lage / 'vaijayanta' prAsAda meM nagara kI saubhAgyavatI lalanAyeM mahilAoM ke parikara se vR maMgala-gItoM ke sAtha badhAvA dene meM rAta-dina tanmaya lakSita ho rahI thIM / eka viziSTa anubhUti tathA vAtAvaraNa se vaizAlI nagarI parivyApta thI / vaizAlI ke jIvana meM aisA svarNa-mahotsava isake pUrva kabhI nahIM manAyA gayA thA / asaMkhya nara-nAriyoM ke AvAgamana se paNya-vIthiyA~ saMkula dikhalAI par3a rahI thIM / ghara-ghara meM prabhu ke janma kI carcA eka navIna harSa tathA ullAsa ko vikIrNa kara rahI thI / vaizAlI se bhI dUra-dUra vana - prAntaroM meM tathA deza-dezAntaroM meM zizu varddhamAna kA janma aura alaukika mahimAzAlI mahotsava apanI-apanI bhASA meM carcA kA viSaya bana gayA thA / vaizAlI ke Ananda - sAmrAjya kA to koI pAra hI nahIM - (sAbhAra uddhRta -- tIrthaMkara mahAvIra; pRSTha 64-65 evaM pRSTha 40-43 prakAzaka - zrI vIra nirvANa mahotsava samiti, indaura) thA / samyagdarzana kI mahimA kiM kurvantIha viSayA mAnasyo vRttayastathA / Adhayo vyAdhayo vApi samyagdarzanasanmateH / / artha :- jise samyagdarzanarUpa sadbuddhi prApta ho gaI hai, usake lie viSaya tathA mAnasika vRttiyA~, AdhiyA~ aura vyAdhiyA~ kyA kara sakatI haiM ? 70 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI-gaNatantra - zrI rAjamala jaina bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI kA gaNatantrIya-vyavasthA meM huA thA / vaha vyavasthA kaisI thI? usake kyA niyama-upaniyama the, ve kaise vyavahAra meM Ate the tathA unakA kyA mahattva thA ina sabakA saMkSipta, kiMtu sazakta paricaya isa Alekha meM vidvAn lekhaka ne prabhUtazrama evaM gahana anusaMdhAnapUrvaka diyA hai| -sampAdaka vaizAlI-gaNatantra ke varNana ke binA jaina-rAjazAstra kA itihAsa apUrNa hI rhegaa| vaizAlI-gaNatantra ke nirvAcita rASTrapati ('rAjA' zabda se prasiddha) ceTaka kI putrI trizalA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pUjyA mAtA thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha vaizAlI ke 'kuNDagrAma' ke zAsaka the| ata: mahAvIra bhI vaizAlika' athavA vaizAliya' ke nAma se prasiddha the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMsAra-tyAga ke pazcAt 42 cAturmAsoM meM se cha: cAturmAsa vaizAlI meM kiye the| mahAtmA buddha evaM vaizAlI: isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM ki kevala mahAvIra ko hI vaizAlI priya thii| isa gaNatantra tathA nagara ke prati mahAtmA buddha kA bhI adhika sneha thaa| unhoMne kaI bAra vaizAlI meM vihAra kiyA thA tathA cAturmAsa bitAe / nirvANa se pUrva jaba buddha isa nagara meM se gujare, to unhoMne pIche mur3akara vaizAlI para dRSTipAta kiyA aura apane ziSya Ananda se kahA, "Ananda ! isa nagara meM yaha merI antima yAtrA hogii|" yahIM para unhoMne sarvaprathama bhikSuNI-saMgha kI sthApanA kI tathA Ananda ke anurodha para gautamI ko apane saMgha meM praviSTa kiyaa| eka avasara para jaba buddha ko licchiviyoM dvArA nimantraNa diyA gayA, to unhoMne kahA--"he bhikSuoM ? deva-sabhA ke samAna sundara isa licchavi-pariSad ko dekho| ___mahAtmA buddha ne vaizAlI-gaNatantra ke Adarza para bhikSu-saMgha kI sthApanA kii| bhikSu-saMgha ke 'chanda' (matadAna) tathA dUsare prabandha ke DhaMgoM meM licchavi (vaizAlI) gaNataMtra kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai|" - (dra. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana-purAtatva-nibandhAvalI, pRSTha 12) / yadyapi buddha zAkya-gaNatantra se sambaddha the, (jisake adhyakSa buddha ke pitA zuddhodana the), tathApi unhoMne prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 71 * Page #74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI-gaNatantra kI paddhati ko apnaayaa| hindU-rAjazAstra ke vizeSajJa zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ke zabdoM meM "bauddha-saMgha ne rAjanaitika-saMghoM se aneka bAteM grahaNa kii| buddha kA janma gaNatantra meM huA thaa| unake par3osI gaNatantra-saMgha the aura ve unhIM logoM meM bar3e hue| unhoMne para saMgha kA nAmakaraNa 'bhikSu-saMgha' arthAt bhikSuoM kA gaNatantra kiyaa| apane samakAlIna guruoM kA anukaraNa karake unhoMne apane dharma-saMgha kI sthApanA meM gaNatantra saMghoM ke nAma tathA saMvidhAna ko grahaNa kiyaa| pAli-sUtroM meM uddhRta buddha ke zabdoM ke dvArA rAjanaitika tathA dhArmika saMgha-vyavasthA kA sambandha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| bauddha grantha evaM vaizAlI : isaprakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vaizAlI-gaNatantra ke itihAsa tathA kArya-praNAlI ke jJAna ke lie hama bauddha-granthoM ke RNI haiN| vivaraNoM kI upalabdhi ke viSaya meM ye vivaraNa nirAle haiN| sambhavata: isIkAraNa zrI jAyasavAla ne isa gaNataMtra ko vivaraNayukta gaNarAjya' (Recorded Republic) zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai| kyoMki adhikAMza gaNarAjyoM kA anumAna kucha sikkoM yA mudrAoM se yA pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke kucha sUtroM meM athavA kucha granthoM meM yatra-tatra upalabdha saMketoM se kiyA gayA hai| isIkAraNa vidvAn lekhaka ne ise 'prAcInatama gaNatantra' ghoSita kiyA hai, jisake likhita-sAkSya hameM prApta haiM aura jisakI kArya-praNAlI kI jhA~kI hameM mahAtmA buddha ke aneka saMvAdoM meM milatI hai| __vaizAlI-gaNatantra kA astitva kama se kama 2600 varSa pUrva rahA hai| 2500 varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 72 varSa kI Ayu meM nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| yaha spaSTa hI hai ki mahAvIra vaizAlI ke adhyakSa ceTaka ke dauhitra the| mahAtmA buddha mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| buddha ke nirvANa ke zIghra pazcAt buddha ke upadezoM ko lekha-baddha kara liyA gayA thaa| vaizAlI meM hI bauddha-bhikSuoM kI dUsarI saMgIti kA Ayojana (buddha ke upadezoM ke saMgraha ke lie) huA thaa| - vaizAlI-gaNatantra se pUrva (chaThI zatAbdI I0pU0) kyA koI gaNarAjya thA? vastuta: isa viSaya meM hama aMdhakAra meM haiN| vidvAnoM ne graMthoM meM yatra-tatra prApta zabdoM se isakA anumAna lagAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| vaizAlI se pUrva kisI anya gaNatantra kA vistRta-vivaraNa hameM upalabdha nahIM hai| bauddha-graMtha 'aMguttara nikAya' se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki IsApUrva chaThI zatAbdI se pahale nimnalikhita solaha mahAjanapada' the-- 1. kAzI, 2. kosala, 3. aMga, 4. magadha, 5. vajji (vRji), 6. malla, 7. cetiya (cedi), 8. vaMsa (vatsa), 9. kuru, 10. paMcAla, 11. maccha (matsya), 12. zUrasena, 13. assaka (azmaka), 14. avanti, 15. gandhAra, 16. kamboja / inameM se 'vajji' kA udaya videha-sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda huaa| ___ jaina-graMtha 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM ina janapadoM kI sUcI bhinnarUpa meM hai, jo nimnalikhita hai1. aMga, 2. vaMga, 3. magaha (magadha), 4. malaya, 5. mAlava (ka), 6. accha, 7. vaccha (vatsa), 8. koccha (kaccha?), 9. pADha (pANDya yA pauDra), 10. lADha (lATa yA rATa), 11. vajji 00 72 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (vajji), 12. mauli (malla), 13. kAzI, 14. kosala, 15. avAha, 16. sammuttara (sumbhottr?)| aneka vidvAn isa sUcI ko uttarakAlIna mAnate haiM, parantu yaha satya hai ki uparyukta solaha janapadoM meM kAzI, kozala magadha, avanti tathA vajji sarvAdhika zaktizAlI the| vaizAlI gaNatantra kI racanAH 'vajji' nAma hai eka mahAsaMgha kA, jisake mukhya aMga the--jJAtRka, licchivi evaM vRji| jJAtRkoM se mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha kA sambandha thA (rAjadhAnI-kuNDagrAma) licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kI pahacAna bihAra ke mujaphpharapura jile meM sthita basAr3ha'-grAma se kI gaI hai| vRji' ko eka kula mAnA gayA hai, jisakA sambandha vaizAlI se thaa| isa mahAsaMgha kI rAjadhAnI bhI vaizAlI' thii| licchaviyoM ke adhika zaktizAlI hone ke kAraNa isa mahAsaMgha kA nAma licchavi-saMgha' pdd'aa| bAda meM, rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kI lokapriyatA se isakA bhI nAma vaizAlI-gaNatantra' ho gyaa| vajji evaM licchavi: bauddha-sAhitya se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vajji-mahAsaMgha meM aSTa-kula (videha, jJAtRka, licchavi, vRji, ugra, bhoga, kaurava tathA aikSvAku) the| inameM bhI mukhya the--vRji tathA licchvi| bauddhadarzana tathA prAcIna bhAratIya bhUgola ke adhikArI vidvAn zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ne apane graMtha (buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, pRSTha 383-84 dra. hindI-sAhitya sammelana prayAga, saMvat 2018) meM nimnalikhita mata pragaTa kiyA hai-- "vastuta: licchaviyoM aura vajjiyoM meM bheda karanA kaThina hai, kyoMki vajji na kevala eka alaga jAti ke the, balki licchavi Adi gaNatantroM ko milAkara unakA sAmAnya-abhidhAna vajji-saMgha' kI hI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI' thI; jo ki vajjiyoM, licchaviyoM tathA anya sadasya-gaNatantroM kI sAmAnya-rAjadhAnI bhI thii| eka alaga- jAti ke rUpa meM vajjiyoM kA ullekha pANini ne kiyA hai aura kauTilya ne bhI unheM licchaviyoM se pRthak batAyA hai| yUAna cUAi ne bhI vajji' (phu-li-ciha) deza aura vaizAlI' (phI-ze-lI) ke bIca bheda kiyA hai, parantu pAli-tripiTaka ke AdhAra para aisA vibheda karanA sambhava nahIM hai| 'mahAparinirvANa-sUtra' meM buddha kahate haiM, "jaba taka vajji loga sAta aparihANIya dharmoM kA pAlana karate raheMge, unakA patana nahIM hogaa|" parantu saMyutta nikAya' ke 'kaliMgara sutta' meM kahate haiM, "jaba taka licchivi loga lakar3I ke bane takhtoM para soyeMge aura udyogI bane raheMge; taba taka ajAtazatru unakA kucha nahIM bigAr3a sktaa| "isase pragaTa hotA hai ki mahAtmA buddha vajji' aura 'licchavi' zabdoM kA prayoga paryAyavAcI-artha meM hI karate the| isIprakAra vinaya-piTaka' ke 'prathama pArAjika' meM pahale to vajji-pradeza meM durbhikSa par3ane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| (pArAjika pAli, pRSTha 19,zrI nAlandA-saMskaraNa) aura Age calakara vahIM (pRSTha 22 meM) eka putrahIna vyakti ko yaha ciMtA karate dikhAyA gayA hai ki kahIM licchavi unake dhana ko na le leN| isase bhI vajjiyoM aura licchaviyoM kI abhinnatA pratIta hotI hai|" prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1073 Page #76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vidvAn lekhaka dvArA pradarzita isa abhinnatA se maiM sahamata huuN| isa prasaMga meM vajji' se buddha kA tAtparya licchaviyoM se bhI thA aura isI AdhAra para vajji-saMbaMdhI buddha-vacanoM kI vyAkhyA honI caahie| anya graMthoM meM ullekha: pANini (500 I0pU0) aura kauTilya (300 I0pU0) ke ullekhoM se bhI vajji (vaizAlI, licchavi) gaNatantra kI mahattA tathA khyAti kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| pANinIya 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM eka sUtra hai--- 'bhadravRjjayo: kan' 4 12 131 / isIprakAra, kauTilya ne 'arthazAstra' meM do prakAra ke saMghoM kA antara batAte hue likhA hai-"kAmboja, surASTra Adi kSatriya-zreNiyA~ kRSi, vyApAra tathA zastroM dvArA jIvana-yApana karatI haiM aura licchavika, vRjika, mallaka, madraka, kukura, kuru, paJcAla Adi zreNiyA~ rAjA ke samAna jIvana bitAtI ___'rAmAyaNa' tathA 'viSNupurANa' ke anusAra vaizAlI nagarI' kI sthApanA ikSvAku-putra vizAla dvArA kI gaI hai| vizAla nagarI hone ke kAraNa yaha 'vizAlA' nAma se bhI prasiddha huii| buddhakAla meM isakA vistAra nau mIla taka thaa| isake atirikta, vaizAlI, dhana-dhAnya-samRddha tathA jana-saMkula nagarI thii| isameM bahuta se ucca bhavana, zikharayukta prAsAda, upavana tathA kamala-sarovara the| (vinayapiTaka evaM lalitavistara) bauddha evaM jaina donoM dharmoM ke prArambhika itihAsa se vaizAlI kA ghaniSTha-sambandha rahA hai| "I0pU0 pA~ca sau varSa pUrva bhArata ke uttara pUrva-bhAga meM do mahAn dharmoM ke mahApuruSoM' kI pavitra-smRtiyA~ vaizAlI meM nihita haiN|" bar3hatI huI janasaMkhyA ke dabAva se tIna bAra isakA vistAra huaa| tIna dIvAreM ise gheratI thiiN| tibbatI-vivaraNa bhI isakI samRddhi kI puSTi karate haiN| tibbatI-vivaraNa (sulva 3/80) ke anasAra vaizAlI meM tIna jile the| pahale jile meM svarNa-zikharoM se yukta ghara 7000 the, dUsare jile meM cA~dI ke zikharoM se yukta 14000 ghara the tathA tIsare jile meM tA~be ke zikharoM se yukta 21000 ghara the| ina jile meM uttama, madhyama tathA nimna varga ke loga apanI-apanI sthiti ke anusAra rahate the| (rAkahila lAipha oNpha buddha, pRSTha 62)10 prApta-vivaraNoM ke anusAra vaizAlI kI janasaMkhyA 16800 thii| kSetra evaM nivAsI: jahA~ taka isakI sImA kA sambandha hai, gaMgA nadI ise magadha-sAmrAjya se pathak karatI thii| zrI re caudharI ke zabdoM meM, "uttara-dizA meM licchavi-pradeza nepAla taka vistRta thaa|" zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke anusAra vajji-pradeza meM Adhunika campArana tathA mujaphpharapura jiloM ke kucha bhAga, darabhaMgA jile kA adhikAMza bhAga, chaparA jile ke mirjApura evaM parasA, sonapura pulisa-kSetra tathA kucha anya-sthAna sammilita the|| vasAr3ha meM hue purAtattva-vibhAga ke utkhanana se isa sthAnIya vizvAsa kI puSTi hotI hai 00 74 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ki vahA~ rAjA vizAla kA gar3ha thA / eka mudrA para aMkita thA - "vezali inu... ... kAre syaank|" jisakA artha kiyA gayA, "vaizAlI kA eka bhramaNakArI-adhikArI / " isa khudAI meM jaina-tIrthaMkaroM kI madhyakAlIna - mUrtiyA~ bhI prApta huI haiM / vaizAlI kI janasaMkhyA ke mukhya aMga the-- kSatriya / zrI re caudharI ke zabdoM meM "kaTTara hindU-dharma ke prati unakA maitrIbhAva prakaTa nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta, ye kSatriya jaina, bauddha jaise abrAhmaNasampradAyoM ke prabala poSaka the / 'manusmRti' ke anusAra, "jhalla, malla, dravir3a, khasa Adi ke samAna ve vrAtya rAjanya the / "" yaha suvidita hai ki 'vrAtya' kA artha yahA~ 'jaina' hai, kyoMki jaina sAdhu evaM zrAvaka ahiMsA satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha - ina pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana karate haiN| 'manusmRti' ke uparyukta zlokoM meM licchaviyoM ko 'nicchavi' kahA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne licchaviyoM ko tibbatI udgama' siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai; parantu yaha mata svIkArya nahIM hai / anya vidvAn ke anusAra licchavi bhAratIya kSatriya haiM, yadyapi yaha eka tathya hai ki licchavi- gaNatantra ke patana ke bAda ve nepAla cale gaye aura vahA~ unhoMne rAjavaMza sthApita kiyA / 12 'licchavi' zabda kI vyutpatti : jainagraMthoM meM licchaviyoM ko 'licchaI' athavA 'licchavi' kahA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se, 'licchavi' zabda kI vyutpatti 'licchu' zabda se huI hai| yaha kisI veza kA nAma rahA hogA / bauddha-graMtha 'khuddakapATha' (buddhaghoSakRta) kI 'aTThakathA' meM nimnalikhita rocaka kathA haikAzI kI rAnI ne do jur3e hue mAMsa - piNDoM ko janma diyA aura unako gaMgA nadI meM phikavA diyaa| kisI sAdhu ne unako uThA liyA aura unakA svayaM pAlana-poSaNa kiyA / ve nicchavi (tvacA-rahita) the| kAlakrama se unake aMgoM kA vikasita huA aura ve bAlaka-bAlikA bana gye| bar3e hone para ve dUsare baccoM ko pIr3ita karane lage, ata: unheM dUsare bAlakoM se alaga kara diyA hai| (vajjitavva- varjitavya ) / isaprakAra ye ' vajji' nAma se prasiddha hue / sAdhu ne una donoM kA paraspara vivAha kara diyA aura rAjA se 300 yojana bhUmi unake lie prApta kii| isaprakAra unake dvArA zAsita pradeza 'vajji - pradeza' kahalAyA / " sAta dharma : magadharAja ajAtazatru sAmrAjya vistAra ke lie licchaviyoM para AkramaNa karanA cAhatA thaa| unake apane maMtrI vassakAra ( varSakAra ) ko buddha ke pAsa bhejate hue kahA--"he brAhmaNa ! mahAtmA buddha ke pAsa jAo aura merI aura se unake caraNoM meM praNAma karo / merI ora se unake Arogya tathA kuzalatA ke viSaya meM pUchakara unase nivedana karo ki vaidehI-putra magadharAja ajAtazatru ne vajjiyoM para AkramaNa kA nizcaya kiyA hai aura mere ye zabda kaho"vajji - gaNa cAhe kitane zaktizAlI hoM, maiM unakA unmUlana karake pUrNa vinAza kara duuNgaa|" isake bAda sAvadhAna hokara tathAgata ke vacana suno|" 13 aura Akara mujhe batAo / tathAgata prAkRtavidyAjanavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 00 75 Page #78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kA vacana mithyA nahIM hotA / ajAtazatru ke maMtrI ke vacana sunakara buddha ne maMtrI ko uttara nahIM diyA, balki apane ziSya Ananda se kucha prazna pUche aura taba nimnalikhita 'satta aparihAni dhammA' kA varNana kiyA' 4__ abhihaM sannipAtA sannipAtA bahulA bhavissaMti / he Ananda ! jaba taka vajji pUrNarUpa se nirantara pariSadoM ke Ayojana karate artha : raheMge / samaggA sannipAtissaMti samaggA vuTTha- hissaMti samaggA saMghakaraNIyAni karissaMti / artha :jaba taka vajji saMgaThita hokara milate raheMge, saMgaThita hokara unnati karate raheMge tathA saMgaThita hokara kartavya karma karate raheMgeM / appajJaMta na pajjApessaMti, pajJataM na samucchindissaMti - yathA, pajJateSu sikkhApadesu samAdAya vattassaMti / artha : jaba taka ve aprajJapta (asthApita) vidhAoM ko sthApita na kareMge / sthApita vidhAnoM kA ullaMghana nahIM kareMge tathA pUrvakAla meM sthApita prAcIna vajji-vidhAnoM kA anusaraNa karate raheMge / ye te saMghapitaro saMghapariNAyakA te sakkarissaMti garu karissaMti mAnessaMti pUjessaMti saJca sottabnaM majJissaMti / artha :- jaba taka ve vajji - pUrvajoM tathA nAyakoM kA satkAra, sammAna, pUjA tathA samarthana karate raheMge tathA unake vacanoM ko dhyAna se sunakara mAnate raheMge / ye te vajjInaM vajjimahallakA te sakkarissaMti, guru karissanti mAnessaMti, pUjessaMti, yA tA kulitthiyo kulakuvAriyoM tA na Akkassa pasahya vAssenita / artha :* jaba taka ve vajji - kula kI mahilAoM kA sammAna karate raheMge aura koI bhI kulastrI yA kula-kumArI unake dvArA balapUrvaka apahRta yA niruddha nahIM kI jAyeMgI / vajji tiyAni imaMtarAni ceva bAhirAni ca tAni sakkarissaMti, garu karissaMti, mAnessaMti, pUjessaMti, tesaJca dinnapubbaM katapuvvaM dhAmmikaM bali no parihAssaMti no parihApessaMti / artha jaba taka ve nagara yA nagara se bAhara sthita - caityoM (pUjA-sthaloM) kA Adara evaM sammAna karate raheMge aura pahale dI gaI dhArmika pUjA tathA pahale kiye gaye dhArmika anuSThAnoM kI avamAnanA na kreNge| tathA vajjInaM arahaMtesu dhammikA rakkhAvaraNa-gutti susaMvihitA bhavissaMti / jaba taka vajjiyoM dvArA arahantoM ko rakSA, surakSA evaM samarthana pradAna kiyA jAyegA; taba taka vajjiyoM kA patana nahIM hogA, apitu utthAna honA rahegA / " 076 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra vizeSAMka Page #79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Ananda ko isaprakAra batAne ke bAda buddha ne vassakAra se kahA, "maiMne ye kalyANakArI sAta dharma vajjiyoM ko vaizAlI meM batAye the|" isa para vassakAra ne buddha se kahA, he gautama ! isaprakAra magadharAja vajjiyoM ko yuddha meM taba taka nahIM jIta sakate, jaba taka ki vaha kUTanIti dvArA unake saMgaThana ko na tor3a deN|" buddha ne uttara diyA, "tumhArA vicAra ThIka hai|" isake bAda vaha maMtrI calA gyaa| - vassakAra ke jAne para buddha ne Ananda se kahA- "rAjagRha ke nikaTa rahanevAle saba bhikSuoM ko ikaTThA kro|" taba unhoMne bhikSu-saMgha ke lie nimnalikhita sAta dharmoM kA vidhAna kiyA1. he bhikSuoM ! jaba taka bhikSu-gaNa pUrNa rUpa se nirantara pariSadoM meM milate rheNge| 2. jaba taka ve saMgaThita hokara milate raheMge, unnati karate raheMge tathA saMgha ke kartavyoM kA pAlana karate hreNge| 3. jaba taka ve kisI aise vidhAna ko sthApita nahIM kareMge, jisakI sthApanA pahale na haI ho, sthApita vidhAnoM kA ullaMghana nahIM kareMge tathA saMgha ke vidhAnoM kA anusaraNa kreNge| 4. jaba taka ve saMgha ke anubhavI guruoM, pitA tathA nAyakoM kA sammAna tathA samarthana karate raheMge tathA unake vacanoM ko dhyAna se sunakara mAnate rheNge| 5. jaba taka ve usa lobha ke vazIbhUta na hoMge, jo unameM utpanna hokara du:kha kA karaNa banatA hai| 6. jaba taka ve saMyamita jIvana meM Ananda kA anubhava kreNge| 7. jaba taka ve apane mana ko isaprakAra saMyamita kareMge, jisase pavitra evaM uttama puruSa unake .. pAsa AyeM aura Akara sukha-zAnti prApta kreN| ___ taba taka bhikSu-saMgha kA patana nahIM hogA, utthAna hI hogaa| jaba taka bhikSuoM meM ye sAta dharma vidyamAna haiM, jaba taka ve ina dharmoM meM bhalI-bhA~ti dIkSita haiM, taba taka unakI unnati hotI rhegii| ___mahAparinivvAna sutta' ke uparyukta uddharaNa se vaizAlI-gaNatantra kI uttama-vyavasthA evaM anuzAsana kI puSTi hotI hai| vaizAlI ke lie vihita sAta dharmoM ko (kucha parivartita karake) buddha ne apane saMgha ke lie bhI apanAyA; isase spaSTa hai ki 2600 varSa pUrva ke prAcIna gaNatantroM meM vaizAlI-gaNatantra zreSTha tathA yogyatama thaa| licchaviyoM ke kucha anya guNoM ne unheM mahAn bnaayaa| unake jIvana meM Atma-saMyama kI bhAvanA thii| ve lakar3I ke takhta para sote the, ve sadaiva kartavyaniSTha rahate the| jaba taka unameM ye guNa rahe, ajAtazatru unakA bAla-bA~kA bhI na kara sakA / 15 zAsana-praNAlI: licchaviyoM ke mukhya adhikArI the rAjA, uparAjA, senApati tathA bhaannddaagaarik| inameM prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1077 Page #80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hI saMbhavata: mantrimaMDala kI racanA hotI thii| kendrIya saMsada kA adhivezana nagara ke madhya sthita 'santhAgAra' (sabhA-bhavana) meM hotA thaa| zAsana-zakti saMsada ke 7707 sadasyoM ('rAjA' nAma se yukta) meM nihita thii| saMbhavata: inameM se kucha 'rAjA' ugra the aura eka-dUsare kI bAta nahIM sunate the| isIkAraNa lalitavistara'-kAvya meM aise rAjAoM kI mAno bhartsanA kI gaI hai--"ina vaizAlikoM meM ucca, madhya, vRddha evaM jyeSThajanoM ke sammAna ke niyama kA pAlana nahIM hotaa| pratyeka svayaM ko 'rAjA' samajhatA hai| maiM rAjA hU~ ! meM rAjA hU~ !' koI kisI kA anuyAyI nahIM bntaa|17 isa uddharaNa se spaSTa hai ki kucha mahattvAkAMkSI-sadasya gaNarAjA (adhyakSa) banane ke icchuka the| saMsatsadasyoM kI itanI bar3I saMkhyA se kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki vaizAlI kI sattA kucha kuloM (7707) meM nihita thI aura ise kevala 'kula-tantra' kahA jA sakatA hai| isa mAnyatA kA AdhAra yaha tathya hai ki 7707 rAjAoM kA abhiSeka eka vizeSatayA surakSita sarovara (puSkariNI) meM hotA thaa|18 svargIya pro0 Ara0DI0 bhaNDArakara kA niSkarSa thA-- "yaha nizcita hai ki vaizAlI-saMgha ke aMgIbhUta kucha kuloM kA mahAsaMgha hI yaha gaNarAjya thaa|" zrI jAyasavAla tathA zrI altekara jaise rAjazAstravidaM isa niSkarSa se sahamata nahIM hai| zrI jAyasavAla ne 'hindU rAjazAstra' (pRSTha 44) meM likhA hai-- "isa sAkSya se unheM 'kula' zabda se sambodhita karanA Avazyaka nhiiN| chaThI-zatAbdI I0pU0 ke bhAratIya-gaNatantra bahuta pahale samAja ke janajAtIya stara se gujara cuke the| ye rAjya, gaNa aura saMgha the, yadyapi inameM se kucha kA AdhAra rASTra yA janajAti thA; jaisAki pratyeka rAjya-prAcIna yA Adhunika kA hotA hai| ___ DaoN0 e0esa0 altekara kA yaha uddharaNa vizeSata: draSTavya hai--yaha svIkArya hai ki yaudheya, zAkya, mAlava tathA licchavi gaNarAjya Aja ke arthoM meM lokatantra nahIM the| adhikAMza Adhunika vikasita-lokatantroM ke samAna sarvocca evaM sArvabhauma-zakti samasta vayaska-nAgarikoM kI saMsthA meM nihita nahIM thii| phira bhI ina rAjyoM ko hama 'gaNarAjya' kaha sakate haiN|... spArTA aithensa, roma, madhyayugIna venisa, saMyukta nIdaralaiNDa aura polaiNDa ko 'gaNarAjya' kahA jAtA hai; yadyapi inameM se kisI meM pUrNa-lokatantra nahIM thaa| isa saiddhAntika-pRSThabhUmi tathA aitihAsika-sAkSya ke AdhAra para nizcaya hI prAcIna bhAratIya-gaNarAjyoM ko unhIM arthoM meM gaNarAjya kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa artha meM yUnAna tathA roma ke prAcIna rAjyoM ko gaNarAjya kahA jAtA hai| ina rAjyoM meM sArvabhauma-sattA kisI eka vyakti yA alpasaMkhyaka-varga ko na milakara bahusaMkhyaka-varga ko prApta thii|" 'mahAbhArata' meM bhI pratyeka ghara meM rAjA' hone kA varNana hai|20 uparyukta vidvAn ke matAnusAra, "isa varNana meM choTe gaNarAjyoM kI tathA una kSatriya-kuloM kI carcA hai, jinhoMne upaniveza sthApita karake rAjapada prApta kiyA thaa| saMyukta rAjya amarIkA meM mUla upaniveza 00 78 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sthApakoM ko navAgantukoM kI apekSA kucha vizeSAdhikAra prApta kiye| - 'malAbAra gajaTiyara' ke AdhAra para zrI ambikAprasAda vAjapeyI ne 'nayyaroM ke eka saMgha' kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai, jisameM 6000 pratinidhi the| ve kerala kI saMsada ke samAna the| bauddha-sAhitya se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjA bimbisAra zreNika ke assI hajAra gAmika (grAmika) the| isI sAdRzya para anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 7707 rAjA vibhinna-kSetroM (yA nirvAcana-kSetroM) ke usI rUpa meM svatantra-saMcAlaka the, jisaprakAra dezI-riyAsatoM ke jAgIradAra rAjA ke AdhIna hokara bhI apane nijI-pulisa kI tathA anya-vyavasthAyeM karate the| vaidezika sambandha licchaviyoM ke vaidezika-sambandhoM kA niyantraNa nau sadasyoM kI pariSad dvArA hotA thaa| inakA varNana bauddha evaM jaina-sAhitya meM 'nava licchavi' ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| ajAtazatra ke AkramaNa ke mukAbale ke lie inheM par3osI rAjyoM navamalla tathA aSTAdaza kAzI-kauzala ke sAtha milakara mahAsaMgha banAnA pdd'aa| unhoMne apane saMdeza bhejane ke lie dUta niyukta kie (vaizAlikAnAM licchivinAM vcnen)| nyAya vyavasthA : nyAya-vyavasthA aSTakula-sabhA ke hAtha meM thii| zrI jAyasavAla ne hindU rAjazAstra' (pRSTha 43-47) meM inakI nyAya-prakriyA kA nimnalikhita varNana kiyA hai-- "vibhinna prakaraNoM (pave-paTThakAna) para gaNarAjA ke nirNayoM kA vivaraNa sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rakhA jAtA thA, jinameM aparAdhI nAgarikoM ke aparAdhoM tathA unake diye gaye daNDoM kA vivaraNa aMkita hotA thaa| vinizcaya mahAmAtra (nyAyAlayoM) dvArA prArambhika jA~ca kI jAtI thii| (ye sAdhAraNa aparAdhoM tathA dIvAnI prakaraNoM ke lie niyamita nyAyAlaya the)| apIla-nyAyAlayoM ke adhyakSa the vohArika (vyvhaarik)| ucca nyAyAlaya ke nyAyAdhIza 'sUtradhAra' kahalAte haiN| antima apIla ke lie 'aSTa-kulaka' hote the| inameM se kisI bhI nyAyAlaya dvArA nAgarika ko niraparAdha ghoSita karake mukta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| yadi sabhI nyAyAlaya kisI ko aparAdhI ThaharAte, to mantrimaNDala kA nirNaya antima hotA thaa| vidhAyikAH ___ licchaviyoM ke saMsadIya vicAra-vimarza kA koI pratyakSa-pramANa prApta nahIM hotA, parantu vidvAnoM ne 'cullavagga' evaM vinaya-piTaka' ke vivaraNoM se isa viSaya meM anumAna lagAye haiN| jaba kosalarAja ne zAkya-rAjadhAnI para AkramaNa kiyA aura unase AtmasamarpaNa ke lie kahA, to zAkyoM dvArA isa viSaya para matadAna kiyA gyaa| mata-patra ko 'chandas' evaM korama ko 'gaNa-pUraka' tathA asanoM ke vyavasthApana ko 'Asana-prajJApaka' kahA jAtA thaa| gaNa-pUraka ke abhAva meM adhivezana aniyamita samajhA jAtA thaa| vicArArtha-prastAva kI prastuti ko 'jJapti' prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 79 Page #82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kahA jAtA thaa| saMgha se tIna-cAra bAra pUchA jAtA thA ki kyA saMgha prastAva se sahamata hai| saMgha ke mauna kA artha sahamati yA svIkRti samajhA jAtA thaa| bahumata dvArA svIkRta nirNaya ko 'ye bhuyyasikam' (bahumana kI icchAnusAra) kahA jAtA thaa| matapatroM ko 'zalAkA' tathA mata-patra-gaNaka ko zalAkA-grAhaka' kahA jAtA thaa| aprAsaMgika tathA anarthaka-bhASaNoM kI bhI zikAyata kI jAtI thii| zrI jAyasavAla ke matAnusAra, "sudUra atIta (chaThI zatAbdI I0pU0) se gRhIta isa vicAradhArA se 'eka uccata: vikasita-avasthA kI vizeSatAyeM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| isameM bhASA kI pAribhASikatA evaM aupacArikatA vidhi evaM saMvidhAna kI antarnihita dhAraNAyeM ucca-stara ko pratIta hotI haiN| isameM zatAbdiyoM se prApta pUrva-anubhava bhI siddha hotA hai| jJapti, pratijJA, gaNa-pUraka, zalAkA, bahumata-praNAlI Adi zabdoM kA ullekha, kisI prakAra kI paribhASA ke binA kiyA gayA hai, jisase inakA pUrva-pracalana siddha hotA hai|" vaizAlI-gaNatantra kA anta : __magadharAja ajAtazatru kA AkramaNa vaizAlI-gaNatantra para ghAtaka-prahAra thaa| ajAtazatru kI mAtA celanA vaizAlI ke gaNarAjA ceTaka kI putrI thI, tathApi sAmrAjya-vistAra kI usakI AkAMkSA ne vaizAlI kA anta kara diyaa| buddha se bheMTa ke bAda mantrI vassakAra ko ajAtazatru dvArA vaizAlI meM bhejA gyaa| vaha mantrI vaizAlI ke logoM meM milakara rahA aura usane usameM phUTa ke bIja bo die| vyaktigata-mahattvAkAMkSAoM tathA phUTa se itane mahAn gaNarAjya kA vinAza huaa| 'mahAbhArata' meM bhI gaNatantroM ke vinAza ke lie aise hI kAraNa batAye haiN| bhISma pitAmaha ne yudhiSThira se kahA, 'he rAjan ! he bharatarSabha ! gaNoM evaM rAjakuloM meM zatrutA kI utpatti ke mUlakAraNa haiM--lobha evaM IrSyA-dveSa / koI (gaNa yA kula) lobha ke vazIbhUta hotA hai, taba IrSyA kA janma hotA hai aura ina donoM ke mela se pArasparika vinAza hotA hai|" vaizAlI para AkramaNa ke aneka kAraNa batAye gaye haiN| eka jaina-kathAnaka ke anusAra, seyAgama (secAnaka) nAmaka hAthI dvArA pahanA gayA 18 zRMkhalAoM kA hAra isakA mUlakAraNa thaa| bimbasAra ne ise apane eka putra vehalla ko diyA thA, parantu ajAtazatru ise har3apanA cAhatA thaa| vehalla hAthI aura hAra ke sAtha apane nAnA ceTaka ke pAsa bhAga gyaa| kucha logoM ke anusAra, ratnoM kI eka khAna ne ajAtazatru ko AkramaNa ke lie llcaayaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki magadha-sAmrAjya tathA vaizAlI-gaNarAjya kI sImA gaMgA-taTa para cuMgI ke vibhAjana ke prazna para jhagar3A ho gyaa| astu, jo bhI kAraNa ho; itanA nizcita hai ki ajAtazatru ne isake lie bahuta samaya se bar3I taiyAriyA~ kI thiiN| sarvaprathama usane gaMgA-taTa para pATaliputra (Adhunika paTanA) kI sthApanA kii| jaina-vivaraNoM ke anusAra, yaha yuddha solaha varSoM taka calA, anta meM vaizAlI-gaNatantra magadha-sAmrAjya kA aMga bana gyaa| 080 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kyA vaizAlI-gaNarAjya ke patana ke bAda licchaviyoM kA prabhAva samApta ho gayA? isa prazna kA uttara nakArAtmaka ho sakatA hai; parantu zrI sAletora (vahI pRSTha 508) ke anusAra, "bauddha sAhitya meM inakA sabase adhika ullekha huA hai; kyoMki itihAsa meM eka hajAra varSoM se adhika samaya taka inakI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa rhii|" zrI re caudharI ke anusAra, "ye nainapAla meM 7vIM zatAbdI meM kriyAzIla rhe| gupta-samrAT samudragupta licchavi-dauhitra' kahalAne meM gaurava kA anubhava karate the|" ___ 2500 varSa pUrva mahAvIra-nirvANa ke anantara, navamalloM evaM licchaviyoM ne prakAzotsava tathA dIpamAlikA kA Ayojana kiyA aura tabhI se zatAbdiyoM se jaina isa punIta parva ko dIpAvalI' ke rUpa meM manAte haiN| 'kalpa-sUtra' ke zabdoM meM, "jisa rAta bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa prApta kiyA, sabhI prANI du:khoM se mukta ho ge| kAzI-kauzala ke aTThAraha saMghIya rAjAoM, nava malloM tathA nava licchaviyoM ne candrodaya (dvitIyA) ke dina prakAzotsava Ayojita kiyA; kyoMki unhoMne kahA--'jJAna kI jyoti bujha gaI hai, hama bhautika saMsAra ko Alokita kreN|" ___2500 veM mahAvIra-nirvANotsava ke sandarbha meM Adhunika bhArata vaizAlI se preraNA prApta kara sakatA hai| aneka sAMskRtika kArya-kalApa vaizAlI para kendrita haiN| isI ko dRSTigata karake rASTra-kavi sva0 zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ne vaizAlI ke prati zraddhAMjali nimnalikhita rUpa meM prastuta kI hai vaizAlI 'jana' kA pratipAlaka, 'gaNa' kA Adi vidhaataa| jise DhUMr3hatA deza Aja, usa prajAtantra kI maataa|| ruko eka kSaNa, pathika ! yahA~ miTTI ko sIsa navAo / rAja-siddhiyoM kI samAdhi para, phUla car3hAte jAo / / sandarbhagraMtha-sUcI 1. muni nathamala, 'zramaNa mahAvIra', pR0 303 / 2. idaM pacchimakaM Ananda ! tathAgatassa besAlidassanaM bhvisyti| 3. upAdhyAya zrI muni vidyAnanda-kRta tIrthakara vardhamAna' se uddhRta yaM sa bhikkhave ! bhikkhanaM devA tAvanisA adiTThA, aloketha bhikkhave ! licchavanI parisaM, apaloketha / bhikkhave ! licchavI parisaraM ! upasaMharatha bhikkhve| licchave ! licchavI parisaraM tAvanisA sadasanti / / 4. zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla hindU poliTI', pRSTha 40 (caturtha sNskrnn)| 5. purAtatva-nibandhAvalI 20 / / 6. re caudhurI, poliTikala hisTrI oNpha aiMziyeMTa iNDiyA, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya, chaThA saMskaraNa prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0081 Page #84 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1953, pRSTha 951 7. kAmboja surASTra kSatriya zreNyAdayo vArtAzastropajIvina: licchivika-vRjika-mallaka-kukura pAJcAlAdayo rAjazabdopajIvinaH / 8. bI0e0 sAletora-aiMziyeMTa iNDiyana poliTikala thauTa eNDa insTITyUzaMsa (1963) pRSTha 509 / 9. bI0sI0 lA-hisTorikala jyograiphI oNpha aiMziyeMTa iNDiyA, phAineMsa meM prakAzita (1954), pRSTha 2661 10. vahI, pRSTha 266-67 / 11. jhallo mallAzca rAjanyA: vrAtyAni licchivirevadho naTazca karaNazca khaso draviNa eva c| 12. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, vahI, pRSTha 33 / 13. rI DebiDsa (anuvAda), buddha-sutta (sekriDa-buksa oNpha IsTa-bhAga 11, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dehalI pRSTha 2-3-4) / 14. pAli-pATha rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ke grantha 'hindU sabhyatA' (anuvAdaka--DaoN0 vAsudeva zaraNa ___ agravAla), dvitIya saMskaraNa 1958 pRSTha 199-200 se uddhRta / niyama-saMkhyA maiMne dI hai| 15. vahI, pRSTha 6-7 / 16. dekhie zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya-kRta 'buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola' (pRSTha 385-86) kA nimnalikhita uddharaNa ("saMyukta nikAya pRSTha 308 se uddhRt)| "bhikSuo ! licchavi lakar3I ke bane takhte para sote haiN| apramatta ho, utsAha ke sAtha apane kartavya ko pUrA karate haiN| magadharAja vaidehI-putra ajAtazatru unake viruddha koI dAva-peMca nahIM pA rahA hai| bhikSuo ! bhaviSya meM licchavi loga bar3e sukumAra aura komala hAtha-paira vAle ho jaayeNge| ve gaddedAra bichAvana para gulagule takie lagAkara dina car3he taka soye rheNge| taba magadharAja vaidehi-putra ajAtazatru ko unake lie dA~va-peMca mila jaayegaa|" 17. tasya nicakAlaM rajjaM kAretvA vasaMmAnaM yeva rAjana satasahassAni satasatAni tatra c| rAjAno hoMti tatta kA, ye va uparAjAoM tattakA, senApatino tattakA, tattakA bhNddaagaarikaa| J.I.S.O.4. 18. nocca-madhya-vRddha-jyeSThAnupAlitA, ekaika eva manyate ahaM rAjA, ahaM rAjeti, na ca ___ ksycchissytvmupgcchti| 19. vaizAlI-nagare gaNarAjakulAnAM abhiSekamaMgalapokhariNI-jAtaka 4/148 / 20. DaoN0 e0esa0 altekara-prAcIna bhArata meM rAjya evaM zAsana (1958), pRSTha 112-113 / 21. gRhe-gRhe tu rAjAnaH, mahAbhArata, 2/15/2 / 22. vAjapeyI, ambikA prasAda, hindU rAjyazAstra, pRSTha 104 / 23. "tena rayo pana samayena rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbasAro asItiyA nAma sahasseSu issarAdhipacca rAjaM karoti / " zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya dvArA uddhRta, vahI, pRSTha 169 / 24. vahI, pRSTha 95-961 25. vahI, pRSTha 106 para uddhRta / 00 82 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kundakunda - vacanAmRta suttatyaM jiNabhaNidaM jIvAjIvAdibahuvihaM atthaM / heyAheyaM ca tahA jo jANadi so hu saddiTThI / / jo sarvajJakathita, he prANI ! kahalAtI hai vaha jinavANI / nIra-kSIra pRthak kara letA hai marAla - sA jaise prANI / / bAhya, Atma do pRthak-tattva hai, nirNaya karatI jisakI dRSTi / zrutajJAna anusAra manuja vaha, kahalAtA hai samyak - dRSTi / / jo saMjamesu sahido AraMbha-pariggahesu virado vi / so hodi vaMdaNIo sasurAsuramANuse loe|| prANImAtra ke lie hRdaya meM, laharAtA karuNA kA sAgara / sarva-parigraha-rahita jagat meM, vandanIya hai saMta digambara / / manuja saMga sura aura asura bhI karate hai caraNoM kA vandana / una caraNoM kI dhUla zIza para zobhita hotI jaise candana / / paMcamahavvadajutto tIhiM guttIhi jo sa saMjado hodi / NiggaMtha makkhamaggo so hodi hu vaMdaNijjo ya / / paMca mahAvrata, tIna- guptiyA~ haiM zramaNo ! mukti kI sIr3hI / AdikAla se ArohaNa, karatI AI zramaNoM kI pIr3hI / / saMyama-sahita nirgrantha-zramaNa hI, mokSamArga para cala sakate haiM / muktimArga durlabha, caMcala mana, kSaNa meM pA~va phisala sakate haiM / / gAheNa appagAhA samuddasalile sacela attheNa / icchA jA hu yitA tAha NiyattAiM savvadukkhAI / / sAgara meM asIma jala kintu, grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai utanA / vastrAdi svaccha rakhane ko, Avazyaka hotA hai jitanA / / alpa-grahaNa karate haiM sAdhu, aparigrahI aura sukhI haiM / icchAyeM asIma hone se jaga ke mAnava sadA duHkhI haiM / / prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka - mizrIlAla jaina - (suttapAhuDa, 5 ) - ( suttapAhuDa, 11 ) - ( suttapAhuDa, 20 ) - ( suttapAhuDa, 27 ) 1083 Page #86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 'vaizAlI' kI mahimA -DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI vaizAlI' kA itihAsa bhagavAn rAma se bhI prAcIna hai| unake eka pUrvaja 'vizAla' nAmaka rAjA ke dvArA yaha batAyI gayI thI - aisA ullekha milatA hai / svayaM rAma ne bhI vaizAlI nagarI ko dekhA thA - aisA ullekha 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' meM hai| yaha mahAnagariyoM meM parigaNita thii| aisI supratiSThita vaizAlI - mahAnagarI kI mahimA kA paricaya vartamAna yuga supratiSThita manISI kI sArasvatI- lekhanI se prasUta isa Alekha meM huA hai| - - sampAdaka mahAn hai yaha nagarI vaizAlI, mahAn hai isakI paramparA ! jaisA ki Apane sunA hai ki hindU-dharma ke sarvazreSTha puruSa maryAdApuruSottama rAma ne isako 'pavitra' kahA hai| mahAvIra jainadharma ke pravartaka AcArya yA pravartaka to nahIM; kyoMki unake pahale bhI kaI pravartaka-AcArya (tIrthaMkara) 'cuke haiM, mahAvIra kI to yaha janmabhUmi hI rahI hai / mahAtmA buddhadeva ke mana meM jaba vairAgya kA udaya huA, taba pahale yoga aura jJAna kI zikSA unhoMne isI nagarI meM prApta kI / buddhatva - prApti ke bAda bhI ve kaI bAra yahA~ padhAre / yaha vahI nagarI hai, jisameM hamArI paramparA ke sarvazreSTha - puruSa barAbara Ate rahe haiN| unakI caraNa-raja se pavitra isa bhUmi meM Ane para AdamI thor3A bhAvuka ho jAtA hai| yahA~ kA eka-eka dhUlikaNa, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra, mahAtmA buddha aura vizvAmitra jaise mahAn puruSoM ke caraNa kI dhUla lagI huI hai, na jAne kahA~ se kyA sandeza detA hai / kucha varSa pahale kucha par3he-likhe loga hI jAnate the, ki 'vaizAlI' nAma kI koI jagaha hai; lekina Aja se sau-savA sau varSa pahale loga itanA bhI nahIM jAnate the / Aja se lagabhaga savA sau varSa pUrva san 1861 I. meM yahA~ kaniMghama - sAhaba padhAre the| kaniMghama una videzI-jJAniyoM meM haiM, una jJAna-pipAsuoM meM haiM, jinhoMne hamAre deza kI prAcIna-sabhyatA ke uddhAra meM bar3A kAma kiyA hai / itanI lagana ke sAtha, itane sAhasa ke sAtha, itane darda ke sAtha kiyA, ki zAyada hI kisI bhAratIya ne vaisA kiyA ho / bhArata ke purAtattva ke uddhAra karane meM, unakI preraNA se bhArata sarakAra ne 'ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve vibhAga' kA Arambha kiyaa| jisa samaya kaniMghama yahA~ Aye the, unheM yaha bhI patA nahIM thA, ki unake pahale aura bhI bahuta se vidvAn Aye the, aura unhoMne yaha anumAna lagAyA thA ki yahI sthAna 084 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ purAnI vaizAlI-nagarI hogii| lekina, koI nizcita-pramANa unheM nahIM milA thaa| kaniMghama-sAhaba meM bar3I divya-dRSTi thii| unhoMne eka daivI-preraNA se satya pramANita kiyA, aura yaha siddha kara diyA ki prAcIna-vaizAlI kA sthAna yahI honA caahiye| Apa kalpanA kIjiye ki una dinoM yAtrA kI kitanI asuvidhA thI, sarakArI-sahAyatA prApta nahIM thI, ve yahA~ kI bhASA nahIM samajha sakate the, loga unheM ajanabI samajhate the; lekina phira bhI unhoMne isa sudUra-dehAta meM Akara adhyayana kiyA, aura sapramANa yaha batalAne kA sAhasa kiyA ki vartamAna 'basAr3ha' gA~va hI prAcIna-vaizAlI hai| DaoN. kaniMghama san 1862 se 1884 I. taka yahA~ kaI bAra aaye| unakA yahA~ AnA hamAre liye bahuta mahattva kI bAta hai| DaoN. kaniMghama se pUrva san 1834 I. meM zrI esTIvenzana nAmaka eka dUsare videzI vidvAn yahA~ Aye the, aura unhoMne isa bhUmi ke sambandha meM anumAna kiyA thA ki yahIM vaizAlI' hai| lekina kaniMghama-sAhaba ne bar3I khoja ke sAtha yahA~ ke gA~voM ko, yahA~ ke sthAnoM ko dekhakara phAhiyAna, hyenatsAMga ke yAtrA-vivaraNoM ko par3hakara pahale-pahala dRr3hatA ke sAtha yaha kahA thA, ki "vaizAlI yahI hai|" parantu, phira bhI vaizAlI hai, yaha siddha nahIM ho skaa| yaha kevala kalpanA kI bAta rahI, anumAna kI bAta rhii| kaniMghama-sAhaba ke kucha udyoga karane para bhArata-sarakAra ne 'ArkiyolaoNjikala-vibhAga' sthApita kiyA, aura san 1903-4 I. meM aura san 1913-14 I. meM do aura videzI-vidvAnoM kA Agamana huA, jinameM eka kA nAma 'DaoN. bAlU' aura dUsare kA nAma 'DaoN. spUnara' thaa| unhoMne yahA~ kaI jagaha khudAiyA~ kiiN| usa khudAI meM bahuta purAnI vastuyeM to nahIM mila sakIM; kyoMki pAnI A jAne ke kAraNa Age bar3hanA sambhava nahIM thA; lekina khudAI meM prApta miTTI kI muharoM para utkIrNita-lekhoM se yaha siddha ho gayA ki yahI prAcIna-vaizAlI hai| - vaizAlI jJAna, karma aura rAjazakti kI triveNI rahI hai| brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina-paramparA kI triveNI rahI hai| jJAnazakti, Atmazakti aura dhanazakti kI triveNI rahI hai| isameM koI zaMkA nahIM ki isa sthAna para jJAna kI bar3I bhArI-sAdhanA thii| mahAtmA buddha jJAna kI khoja meM nikale, to unheM aura koI sthAna nahIM dikhA, vaizAlI meM Akara hI unhoMne zikSA grahaNa kii| jJAna kI sAdhanA ke liye yaha bar3I hI pavitra-bhUmi mAnI jAtI rahI hai| vIratA ke liye to vajjiyoM aura licchaviyoM kI carcA karanA bekAra hai| yaha to itihAsa-prasiddha hai ki licchavi ajeya-zakti the| yahA~ phUTa DAlakara ajAtazatru ne unheM parAjita kiyA thaa| licchaviyoM kI zakti guptakAla taka akSuNNa rahI, tabhI samudragupta jaisA mahAn samrATa apane ko 'licchavi-dauhitra' kahane meM garva kA anubhava karatA thaa| guptakAla ke rAjA kA itanA prabhutva jamA, usakA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa licchaviyoM ke sAtha usakA vaivAhika sambandha thaa| jJAnazakti aura rAjyazakti ke alAvA eka tIsarI tAkata bhI yahA~ para thI, yaha bar3I jabaradasta thI, jo khudAI meM prApta sAmagrI se mAlUma hotI hai, purAne granthoM se jinakA patA calatA hai| yaha sthAna vyApAra kA eka bar3A-kendra thaa| bar3e-bar3e seTha prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1085 Page #88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yahA~ rahate the| yahA~ ke nAvika dUra-dUra se dhanarAzi saMgraha karake le Ate the| kalA kA bhI yaha sthAna eka pramukha-kendra thaa| jJAna aura zakti kA to yaha gar3ha hI mAnA jAtA thaa| licchaviyoM ke bhaya se bar3e-bar3e rAjya kA~pate the| jahA~ taka vyApAra kA savAla hai, yahA~ ke jo nigama the, jo kAraporezana the, seThoM ke kAma karanevAle jo saMgha the; unakI itanI zAkhAyeM thIM ki sAre saMsAra meM unakI huNDiyA~ calatI thiiN| ina seThoM ke jo nigama yA kAraporezana.the, saba alaga-alaga the| zarIphoM ke alaga the, zreNiyoM ke alaga the, zramikoM ke alaga the --ina sabakA milA huA saMgha bhI thaa| san 191314 I. kI khudAI meM to adhika gaharAI taka nahIM jAyA jA sakA, isaliye jyAdA-se-jyAdA Aja se Der3ha-paune do hajAra varSa taka kI cIjeM hI mila paaiiN| lekina, hamAre jina granthoM meM vaizAlI kI carcA milatI hai, ve usase kAphI prAcIna haiN| pichale varSoM kI khudAI meM usase bhI purAnI cIjeM prApta huI haiN| ve nizcita-rUpa se Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa-pUrva kI vaizAlI ke sambandha meM gavAhI detI haiN| lekina, yaha nagarI usase bhI purAnI hai| vaizAlI kI paramparA yahIM samApta nahIM hotI hai| maiM socatA haiM ki kyA yaha mahimAmayI vaizAlI hai? Aja jo maiM dekha rahA hU~, kyA yahIM una licchaviyoM aura vajjiyoM kI santAneM hai, yahIM ve manuSya the? unameM kauna-sI vizeSatA thI ki sArI duniyA meM unakA sikkA calatA thA, unakI dhvajA phaharAtI thii| bhAratavarSa meM aisA koI mahAn samrATa bhI himmata nahIM kara sakatA thA ki licchavi aura vajz2i unake bhItara AyA thaa| Adama to ve bhI the| mahAtmA buddha ne khuda isakA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| eka bAra ajAtazatru ke mahAmantrI varSakAra ne buddhadeva se pUchA thA, ki ve una para car3hAI kareM yA na kareM, unako jItA jA sakatA hai, yA nahIM? buddhadeva ne bar3I caturatA ke sAtha apane ziSya Ananda, jinake nAma para tathAkathita Anandapura gA~va hai, prazna kiyA, kyoM Ananda ! kyA vajji-loga eka sAtha uThate-baiThate haiM? eka hokara kAma karate haiM? kyA aisA tumane sunA hai?' Ananda ne kahA- 'hA~ bhante ! sunA hai, ki vaizAlI ke loga eka sAtha uThate haiM, eka sAtha baiThate haiM, eka sAtha sabhA-paMcAyata karate haiN|' buddhadeva ne phira pUchA, 'kyA tumane yaha bhI sunA hai, ki eka bAra jo apanI paMcAyata meM taya kara lete haiM, usako sabhI mAnate haiM, aisA to nahIM hotA, ki bAda meM koI kahe ki hamane to voTa nahIM diyA thA? maiM kyoM mAnane jAU~?' Ananda ne kahA, 'hA~ ! aisA hI sunA hai, ki isa vaizAlI-nagara ke rahanevAle jo eka-bAra nizcaya kara lete haiM, usase eka baccA bhI nahIM hilatA, saba usakA pAlana karate haiN|' phira buddhadeva ne pUchA- 'acchA Ananda ! tumane yaha bhI sunA hai, ki vaizAlI ke loga apane bUDhoM kA sammAna karate haiM, apane bujurgoM kI kadra karate haiM, unakI bAtoM ko mAnate haiN|' Ananda ne kahA- 'hA~ bhante ! sunA hai|' buddha ne phira kahA- 'Ananda! tumane sunA hai, ki vaizAlI ke loga apane striyoM kA sammAna karate haiM, apanI kula-kumAriyoM kA sammAna karate haiN| unake prati koI jora-jabaradastI to nahIM karate?' Ananda ne kahA-- 'bhante ! sunA hai, ki 00 86 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI ke loga apanI striyoM kI bar3I kadra karate haiN| unakA sammAna karate haiM, una para kabhI jora-jabaradastI nahIM karate, unapara atyAcAra nahIM karate haiN| bhante ! maiMne aisA sunA hai|' phira mahAtmA buddha ne pUchA- 'Ananda ! sunA hai, ki vahA~ jo pUjA kA sthAna hai, jo pUjya haiM, jo mandira hai, usameM bAdhA-vyavadhAna to nahIM par3atA?' Ananda ne kahA-- 'hA~ bhante ! aisA hI sunA hai, ki vaizAlI meM jo unake pUjya-sthAna haiM, unakI nirantara-pUjA karate haiM, aura jo eka bAra mandira ko diyA, usameM kisIprakAra kamI nahIM karate haiN|' antima-bAra mahAtmA buddha ne kahA, 'Ananda ! yaha sunA hai, ki vaizAlI ke logoM ke pAsa jo arhat-loga jAte haiM, jo jJAnI-loga haiM, guNI haiM, ve unakA sammAna karate haiN|' AnaMda ne kahA ki 'hA~ bhante ! maiMne sunA hai ki ve arhatoM kA, jJAniyoM kA, jo bAhara se Ate haiM, unakA sammAna karate haiM, aura sabako svacchanda-vicaraNa karane dete haiN| sabako svacchanda-rUpa se vicAra prakaTa karane kA maukA dete haiN|' Ananda ne kahA / buddhadeva ne kahA- 'Ananda ! tumheM batAtA ha~, ki jinameM ye sAta-guNa haiM, saMsAra kI koI zakti unheM parAjita nahIM kara sakatI hai|' isaprakAra, unhoMne varSakAra se kahA, ki 'bhAI varSakAra !, tumhArA vaizAlI para dA~ta gar3AnA sambhava nahIM hai| yahA~ ke loga ekasAtha baiThate haiM, uThate haiM, jo karate hai, usapara dRr3ha rahate haiM, aura apane bujurgoM kI kadra karate haiM, apanI striyoM kA sammAna karate haiM, apane pUjya-sthAnoM kI pUjA karate haiM, jJAnI-guNiyoM kA samAdara karate haiN| bAhara se Aye huye logoM ko svatantratApUrvaka apane vicAra prakaTa karane kA avasara dete haiN| aise guNI-logoM para koI rAjA, koI samrATa kabhI zAsana nahIM kara sakatA, unakA bAla-bA~kA nahIM kara sktaa|' __yaha thA vaizAlI kA guNa ! inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa vaizAlI ajeya rhii| jaisA ki mahAtmA buddha ne kahA thA, ki jitane dinoM taka ye guNa vaizAlI meM raheMge, utane dinoM taka vaizAlI kA koI bAla-bA~kA nahIM kara sakatA, aura yaha bAta varSakAra ne gA~Tha bA~dha lI, aura lauTa gyaa| varSakAra ne vaizAlI ke nAgarikoM meM phUTa paidA kara dI, aura phUTa ke kAraNa vaizAlI kA gaurava jAtA rhaa| parantu, buddhadeva ke bAda bhI vaizAlI ekadama lupta ho gaI ho, aisA nahIM huaa| buddhadeva ke koI ATha-dasa sau varSa ke bAda taka vaizAlI kA gaurava jaisA-kA-taisA banA rhaa| saMsAra ke itihAsa ko isa bhUmi ne prajAtantra diyaa| paMcAyatI rAja sthApita kiyaa| isa bhUmi ne ekamata hokara rahanA sikhlaayaa| isa bhUmi ne striyoM kA sammAna karanA sikhaayaa| Apako mAlUma hogA ki buddhadeva AjIvana isa bAta para aDiga rahe ki striyoM kA saMgha meM praveza nahIM honA caahiye| lekina vaizAlI meM Akara unhoMne yaha bhI nizcaya kiyA ki striyoM ko bhI itanA adhikAra milanA cAhiye, jitanA puruSoM ko hai| nizcaya hI vaizAlI kI mahilAoM ko dekhakara unake mana meM yaha bAta AI hogI ki yaha galata bAta hai ki striyoM ko adhikAra nahIM diyA jaaye| vaizAlI ke nAgarika striyoM kA Adara karate the, sammAna karate the, ve cAhate to unake sAtha jora-jabaradastI bhI kara sakate the; kintu itihAsa isakA pramANa hai ki aisA 0087 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka . Page #90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ unhoMne nahIM kiyaa| ___AmrapAlI yahA~ kI eka gaNikA thI, bar3I mazahUra gaNikA thI, hamAre benIpurIjI ne usakA bar3A sundara varNana kiyA hai| agara Apa logoM ne nahIM par3hA ho, to eka bAra avazya pddh'eN| eka bAra AmrapAlI ne mahAtmA buddha ko nimantraNa diyaa| mahAtmA buddha bhole the, unhoMne svIkAra kara liyA nimantraNa / isake bAda vaizAlI ke nAgarikoM ne AmrapAlI se kahA ki dekho AmrapAlI! jisako tumane Amantrita kiyA hai, jisane tumhArA nimantraNa svIkAra kiyA hai, use tuma mere hAtha beca do, maiM lumheM eka lAkha mudrAyeM duuNgaa|' AmrapAlI ne kahA---- 'maiM aisA nahIM caahtii|' kaI logoM meM yaha hor3a maca gaI ki usase kisIprakAra isa adhikAra ko le liyA jaaye| kisI ne eka lAkha, savA lAkha kisI ne do lAkha rakha diyA ki 'hameM tuma yaha adhikAra de do, aura mahAtmA buddha ko hamAre ghara bhojana karane do|' AmrapAlI ne kahA - 'nahIM ! maiM kyoM becane jAU~? maiMne usa mahAtmA ko bulAyA hai, maiM unheM apane yahA~ bhojana kraauuNgii|' lekina, kisI ne usako yaha nahIM kahA, ki 'maiM tumase jabaradastI yaha kAma krvaauuNgaa|' usake bAda AmrapAlI mahAtmA buddha ko apane AmrakuMja meM le gaI, jahA~ ve kaI bAra A cuke the| eka aura mazahUra-bAlA thI, usane bhI apane yahA~ mahAtmA ko Amantrita kiyA thaa| isa nagarI kI itanI bar3I mahimA hai| vaizAlI ke itihAsa kA patA lagAyA bar3e-bar3e dhurandhara-vidvAnoM ne, kucha videzI vidvAnoM ne, kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne; maiM unakI zraddhA aura niSThA ko dekhakara lajjita raha jAtA huuN| parantu, bar3I kRtajJatA ke sAtha unakA nAma letA hU~ -- kitane prema se, kitanI niSThA se, kitanI kaThinAI se kAma karake unhoMne ina cIjoM kA uddhAra kiyA hai, una videzI-vidvAnoM ke prati hameM hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karanI caahiye| lekina savAla yaha hai, ki vaizAlI meM to pahale itanA ullAsa nahIM thA, Aja kyoM ullAsa hai? pahale ve vaizAlI kI mahimA se aparicita the, kintu aba unheM vidita ho gayA hai, ki vaizAlI yahIM thI, yaha vaha bhUmi hai, jisameM mahAtmA buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI caraNa-raja par3I hai| patA nahIM, jahA~ Apa baiThe haiM, vahA~ bhI ve caraNa-raja ur3a rahI ho! yahA~ ke AkAza meM, vAyumaNDala meM, unake sandeza gUMja rahe haiN| yaha Ananda pahale bhI thA, aura Aja bhI hai| . eka bAra zAntiniketana meM hamAre eka videzI-mitra, jo saMskRta ke bar3e vidvAn the, saMskRta-nATakoM meM 'AmramaMjarI' kA nAma sunA thA, Thahare the| saMyoga se unakA svAgata karane ke liye AmrakuMja meM hI Ayojana kiyA gyaa| jaba vaha Aye, taba maiMne unheM batAyA, ki ye Ama ke per3a haiM, aura yaha unakI AmramaMjarI hai| unhoMne bahuta sunA thA, AmramaMjarI ko dekhA bhI thA; lekina jaba unako mAlUma huA, ki yaha AmramaMjarI hai, taba uchala par3e, aura kahane lage ki yahI kAlidAsavAlI AmramaMjarI hai, yahI vaha AmramaMjarI hai, jaisA ki kAlidAsa ne kaI bAra kahA hai? maiMne kahA ki hA~, yahI AmramaMjarI hai, to ve bar3e ullasita huye| mere mana 0088 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prazna uThA ki ve Amra kI maMjarI roz2a dekhate the, aura yahA~ Ane se pahale unhoMne bIsiyoM bAra AmramaMjarI kA adhyayana kiyA thA, Aja kauna-sI naI bAta ho gaI? naI bAta yaha huI, ki usa dina usa zabda aura artha ke sAtha antarAtmA kA yoga huA thA / pada kA artha jAna kAphI nahIM hai, pada aura padArtha ke bhItara ke pratyaya hote haiM, bhItara kI antarAtmA kA yoga hotA hai, yaha antarAtmA kA yoga usa dina huA / vaizAlI vahI hai, jo Aja se hajAroM varSa pahale aura Aja se sau-do sau varSa pahale vaha thI / itihAsa ke sAtha hamArA sambandha thor3e dinoM kA hai, isaliye bahuta kama jAnatA huuN| ApakI khudAI meM jo thor3e-se khilaune mile haiM, thor3I-sI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, vaha kAphI nahIM haiN| lekina ve iMgita karatI haiM, usa mahimA kI ora, koI unase pUche ki unakA ghara kahA~ hai ? agara aMgulI dikhAI, to aMgulI pakar3akara ve laTaka jaayeNgii| aMgulI jisa jagaha ko batA rahI hai, usI jagaha para jAnA cAhiye / kintu hameM yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki ye jo bhagnAvazeSa haiM, vahI vaizAlI hai| nahIM, yaha vaizAlI kA vaibhava hai / vaizAlI ke vaibhava batAnevAlI aMguliyA~ haiM, jo batA rahI haiM, ki ye cIjeM jo saMgrahIta huI haiM, bahuta thor3I haiM, para bahuta bar3I cIja kI ora izArA karatI haiM, kisI mahimA kI ora iMgita karatI haiM, yaha hameM samajhanA cAhiye / - ( sAbhAra uddhRta, vaizAlI abhinaMdana - graMtha, pRSTha 153-159) azaraNa-bhAvanA I isa jIva ke karma kI udIraNA hote karma kA nAza karanekUM kAraNa darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa rakSaka - zaraNa hoya hai, aura koU zaraNa nahIM hai / jAtaiM isa saMsAra meM svargaloka ke indra kA nAza hoi aurani kI kahA kathA hai? jo aNimAdika RddhIni ke dhAraka samasta svargaloka ke asaMkhyAta deva mili karike apanA svAmI indra kUM hI rakSA nahIM sake, tadi anya adhama vyaMtarAdika deva-graha-yakSa-bhUta - yoginI - kSetrapAla - caMDI - bhavAnI ityAdika asamartha deva jIva kI rakSA karane meM kaise samartha hoyaMge? jo manuSyani kI rakSA karane meM kuladevI-maMtra-taMtra kSetrapAlAdika samartha hoi, to jagata meM manuSya akSaya hoi jaay| tAtaiM jo apanI rakSA karane meM zaraNa graha - bhUta-pizAca- yoginI - yakSanikUM mAne hai, so dRr3ha-mithyAtvakari mohita hai / jAtaiM Ayu kA kSaya karike maraNa hoya hai, ara Ayu dene meM koU deva-dAnava samartha nahIM, tAtaiM maraNa kI rakSA karane meM koUkUM sahAyI mAne hai, so mithyAdarzana kA prabhAva hai / jo deva hI manuSyani kI rakSA karane meM samartha hoi, to Apa hI devaloka kaM kaise chAMDai? tAtaiM paramazraddhAna karike jJAna-darzana - cAritra - tapa kA parama zaraNa grahaNa karo / saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate ke koU zaraNa nahIM hai / isa jagata meM uttama kSamAdikarUpa Apake AtmAkUM pariNAmAvatA ApahI ApakA rakSaka hoya hai / ara krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobharUpa pariNamana karatA ApakUM Apa ghAte hai / tAtaiM apanA rakSaka ara nAzaka apanA Apa hI hai / - ( mUlArAdhanA, gAthA 1755 kI vacanikA) prAkRtavidyAjanavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 0089 Page #92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra : vaizAlI kI divya vibhUti -mahopAdhyAya paM. baladeva upAdhyAya Aja kaI logoM ko vaizAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnane meM Apatti ho rahI hai| yaha bhI mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM haiM ki 'kuNDagrAma' yA 'kSatriya kuNDagrAma' vizAla vaizAlI kA hI aMga thaa| unheM vartamAna-vivAda se pare eka supratiSThita gaveSI - lekhaka ke dazakoM pUrva likhe isa Alekha ko mananapUrvaka par3hanA cAhiye, jisameM ukta donoM tathyoM kI sudRr3hatA sAtha puSTi kI gayI hai / tathA satya ko svIkAra karane meM vaiyaktika- ahaM ko chor3akara Age AnA cAhiye / - sampAdaka - vaizAlI yugAntakarakAriNI - nagarI hai| isakI gaNanA bhArata kI hI pradhAna nagariyoM meM nahIM kI jAtI, pratyut saMsAra kI katipaya-nagariyoM meM yaha pramukha hai-- una nagariyoM meM, jahA~ se dharma kI divya-jyoti ne dambha tathA kapaTa ke ghane kAle andhakAra ko dUrakara vizva ke prANiyoM ke sAmane maMgalamaya prabhAta kA udaya prastuta kiyA; jahA~ se paraspara-1 ra-vivAda karanevAle, kaNamAtra ke liye apane bandhujanoM ke priya-prANa haraNa karanevAle krUra - mAnavoM ke sAmane pavitra bhrAtRbhAva kI zikSA dI gaI, jahA~ se 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' kA mantra saMsAra ke kalyANa ke liye uccArita kiyA gayA / pAzcAtya - itihAsa una nagaroM kI gaurava- va- gAthA gAne meM tanika bhI zrAnta nahIM hotA, jinameM prANiyoM ke rakta kI dhArA pAnI ke samAna bahI, aura jise vaha bhAgya pheranevAle yuddhoM kA raMgasthala batalAtA hai / parantu bhArata ke isa pavitra deza meM be nagara hamAre hRdaya-paTa para apanA prabhAva jamAye huye haiM, jinheM kisI dhArmika - netA ne apane janma se pavitra banAyA, tathA apane upadezoM kA vaibhavazAlI - nagara prastuta kiyA / vaizAlI aisI nagariyoM meM anyatama hai / ise sahI jainadharma ke saMzodhaka tathA pracAraka mahAvIra varddhamAna kI janmabhUmi hone kA vizeSa gaurava prApta hai / bauddhadharmAnuyAyiyoM ke hRdaya meM 'kapilavastu' tathA 'rumminadeI' ke nAma sunakara jo zraddhA aura Adara kA bhAva janmatA hai, jainamatAvalambiyoM hRdaya meM ThIka vahI bhAva 'vaizAlI' yA 'kuNDagrAma' ke nAma sunane se utpanna hotA hai / vaizAlI ke itihAsa meM bar3e-bar3e parivartana huye / usane bar3I rAjanItika uthala-puthala dekhI / kabhI vahA~ kI rAjasabhA meM mantriyoM kI pariSad juTatI thI; to kabhI vahA~ ke saMsthAgAra meM prajAvarga ke pratinidhi rAjyakArya ke saMcAlana ke liye juTate the| kabhI vaMzAnugata - rAjA prajAoM para zAsana karatA thA, to kabhI bahumata se cunA gayA 'rAjA' - nAmadhArI adhyakSa apane I ke 0090 - prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hI bhAiyoM para unhIM kI rAya se unhIM ke maMgala-sAdhana meM sacinta rahatA thaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki prAcIna-yuga meM vaizAlI meM rAjatantra kI pradhAnatA thii| 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' meM varNita hai ki jaba rAma-lakSmaNa ke sAtha vizvAmitra ne yahA~ padArpaNa kiyA thA, taba yahA~ ke rAjA samati ne unakA vizeSa-satkAra kiyA thaa|| jainasUtroM tathA bauddhapiTakoM meM vaizAlI 'prajAtantra kI krIr3A-sthalI' ke rUpa meM aMkita kI gaI hai| mahAtmA buddha ne apane aneka cAturmAsa yahIM bitAye the| isameM cAra pradhAna-caitya the - pUrva meM udena', dakSiNa meM gotamaka', pazcima meM 'saptAmraka' aura uttara meM 'bahuputraka' / 2 'ambapAlI' nAmaka gaNikA jo dhArmika zraddhA tathA vairAgya ke kAraNa bauddhadharma meM vizeSa prasiddha hai, ThIka usIprakAra, jisaprakAra vaiSNavadharma meM piMgalA, yahIM rahatI thii| usI kA Amravana buddha ke upadeza dene kA pradhAna-sthAna thaa| buddha ke samaya licchavi-logoM ko yahA~ prajAtantra ke rUpa meM hama zAsana karate pAte haiN| isase bahuta pahale hama yahA~ mahAvIra vardhamAn ko janmate, zikSA grahaNa karate, tathA pravrajyA lete pAte haiN| vardhamAn ke samaya meM bhI yahA~ gaNatantra-rAjya hI thaa| vaizAlI ke itihAsa meM koI mahAn-parivartana avazya huA hogA, jisase yaha vizAlA tathA mithilA - donoM rAjyoM kI rAjadhAnI bana gaI, tathA usakA zAsana rAjatantra' se 'gaNatantra' ho gyaa| isa parivartana ke kAraNoM kI chAnabIna karanA itihAsa-premiyoM kA kartavya hai| ___vaizAlI meM aneka vibhUtiyA~ utpanna huiiN| parantu unameM sabase sundara vibhUti haiM-- bhagavAn mahAvIra, jinakI prabhA Aja bhI bhArata ko camatkRta kara rahI hai| laukika-vibhUtiyA~ bhUtalazAyinI bana gaIM, parantu yaha divya-vibhUti Aja bhI amara hai, aura AnevAlI aneka zatAbdiyoM meM apanI zobhA kA isIprakAra vistAra karatI rhegii| bauddhadharma se jainadharma bahuta purAnA hai| isakA saMsthApana bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne kiyA thA, jainiyoM kI yahI mAnyatA hai| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha vastuta: aitihAsika-puruSa haiN| ve mahAvIra se lagabhaga do sau varSa pahale huye the| ve kAzI ke rahanevAle the| mahAvIra ne unake dharma meM parivardhana kara use navInarUpa pradAna kiyaa| bhArata kA pratyeka prAnta jainadharma kI vibhUtiyoM se maNDita hai| mahAvIra gautamabuddha ke samasAmayika the; parantu buddha ke nirvANa se pahale hI unakA parinirvANa ho gayA thaa| isaprakAra vaidika-dharma se pRthak dharmoM ke saMsthApakoM meM mahAvIra varddhamAna hI prathama mAne jA sakate haiM, aura inakI janmabhUmi hone se vaizAlI kI paryApta-pratiSThA hai| vaizAlI kA bhaugolika-varNana vaizAlI tathA usake AsapAsa ke pradezoM kA prAmANika-varNana jainasUtroM meM vizeSarUpa se diyA huA hai| inakI vizada-sUcanA bauddhagranthoM meM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| ina pradezoM kA saMkSipta-varNana nIce diyA jAtA hai-- vaizAlI ke pazcima meM 'gaNDakI' nadI bahatI thii| yaha nagarI bar3I samRddhizAlinI thii| isakA bhaugolika-vistAra bhI nyUna na thaa| gaNDakI-nadI ke pazcimI-taTa para aneka grAma the, jo vaizAlI ke 'zAkhAnagara' kahe jAte haiN| nimnalikhata 1091 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ grAmoM kA paricaya milatA hai (1) kuNDagrAma - isa nAma ke do grAma the| eka kA nAma 'brAhmaNakuNDagrAma' yA 'kRNDapura' thA, jisameM brAhmaNoM kI hI vizeSarUpa se bastI thii| dUsare kA nAma 'kSatriyakuNDagrAma' thA, jisameM kSatriyoM kA hI pradhAnatayA nivAsa thaa| inameM donoM kramaza: eka-dUsare ke pUrva-pazcima meM the| ye donoM pAsa hI pAsa the| donoM ke bIca meM eka bar3A bagIcA thA, jo 'bahusAla-caitya' ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| donoM nagaroM ke do-do khaNDa the| 'brAhmaNakaNDapura' kA dakSiNabhAga 'brahmapurI' kahalAtA thA, kyoMki yahA~ brAhmaNoM kA hI nivAsa thaa| dakSiNa 'brAhmaNakaNDapura' ke nAyaka RSabhadatta' nAmaka brAhmaNa the, jinakI bhAryA kA nAma devAnanda' thaa| ye donoM pArzvanAtha ke sAtha sthApita jainadharma ke mAnanevAle gRhastha the| 'kSatriya-kuNDagrAma' ke bhI do vibhAga the| isameM karIba pA~ca sau ghara 'jJAti' nAmaka kSatriyoM ke the, jo uttarI-bhAga meM jAkara base huye the| uttara- kSatriyakuNDapura ke nAyaka kA nAma 'siddhArtha' thaa| ye kAzyapagotrIya jJAtikSatriya the, tathA 'rAjA' kI upAdhiM se maNDita the| vaizAlI ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma thA 'ceTaka', jinakI bahana 'trizalA' kA vivAha siddhArtha se huA thaa| inhIM trizalA aura siddhArtha ke vardhamAna' the, jinakA janma isI grAma meM huA thaa| (2) karmAragrAma - prAkRta kammAra' karmakAra kA apabhraMza hai| ata: 'karmAra' kA artha hai - majadUroM kA gA~va, arthAt lohAroM kA gA~va / yaha gA~va bhI kuNDagrAma ke pAsa hI thaa| mahAvIra pravrajyA lekara pahalI rAta ko yahIM Thahare huye the| (3) kollAka saMniveyA - yaha sthAna pUrvanirdiSTa grAma ke samIpa hI thaa| yaha nagara vANijyagrAma (jisakA varNana nIce hai) ke tathA usa bagIce ke bIca meM par3atA thaa| (4) vANijyagrAma - yaha jainasUtroM kA vANijyagrAma' baniyoM kA gA~va hai| gaNDakI nadI ke dAhinI kinAre para yaha bar3I bhArI vyApArI-maNDI thii| jAna par3atA hai, ki yahA~ bar3e-bar3e dhanADhya-mahAjanoM kI bastI thii| yahA~ ke eka karor3apati kA nAma Ananda-gAthApati' thA, jo mahAvIra ke bar3e bhakta-sevaka the| Ajakala kI vaizAlI (mujaphpharapura jile kI basAr3hapaTTI) ke pAsa baniyA-grAma hai| sambhava hai ki yaha gA~va vANijyagrAma' kA hI pratinidhi ho| ___ bauddhagranthoM ke vizeSatayA dIghanikAya' ke anuzIlana se patA calatA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM vaizAlI bar3I samRddhizAlinI-nagarI thii| usameM 7 hajAra 7 sau 77 mahaloM ke hone kA ullekha spaSTata: use vizAla tathA samRddha-nagara batalA rahA hai| nagara ke bhItara 'ambapAlI' nAmaka bar3I hI dhanADhya aura guNavatI gaNikA rahatI thii| 6 yA 7 bar3e-bar3e caityoM ke nAma milate haiM, jahA~ mahAtmA buddha ne apanA cAturmAsa bitaayaa| isake pAsa hI veNugrAma' kA ullekha milatA hai, jahA~ buddha ne varSA meM nivAsa kiyA thaa| isa varNana se spaSTa hai ki vaizAlI bar3I nagarI thI, jisake upanagara aneka the, tathA usa samaya khUba prasiddha the| 0092 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMdarbha-sUcI 1. tasya putro mahAtejA: sampratyeSa puriimimaam| Avasatparamaprakhya: sumati ma durjayaH / / 16 / / sumatistu mahAtejA vishvaamitrmupaagtm|| zrutvA naravaraghe : pratyagacchanmahAyazAH / / 120 / / -- (bAlakANDa, 47 sarga) 2. draSTavya, dIghanikAya - mahAparivvANa-sutta - (naM. 13) / -(sAbhAra uddhRta, vaizAlI abhinaMdana-graMtha, pRSTha 237-242) jyotitrayI "dehajyotiSi yasya majjati jagadugdhAmburAzAviva / jJAnajyotiSi ca sphuTavyatitarAmo bhUrbhuva: svstryii|| zabdajyotiSi yasya darpaNa iva svaarthaashckaasntymii| sa zrImAnamarArcito jinapati]tistrayAyA'stu na: / / " -(AcArya rAmasena, tattvAnuzAsana, 259) - artha :- jisakI deha-jyoti meM jagat aise DUbA rahatA hai, jaise koI kSIra-sAgara meM snAna kara rahA ho; jisakI jJAna-jyoti meM bhU: (adholoka) bhuvaH (madhyaloka) aura sva: (svargaloka) yaha trilokIrUpa jJeya (oM) atyanta sphuTita hotA hai aura jisakI zabda zrI zabda-jyoti (divya dhvani) divya-arthoM kI dhvananakI, prakAza meM ye svAtmA aura parapadArtha darpaNa kI taraha nirmala pratibhAsita hote haiM, vaha devoM se pUjita zrImAn tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva mahAvIra tInoM jyotiyoM kI prApti ke liye hamAre sahAyaka (nimitta-kAraNa) hoveN| dihajyotiSi yasya zakra sahitA: sarve'pi magnA: surAH / jJAnajyotiSi paJcatattvasahitaM magnaM nabhazcAkhilam / / ' -(AcArya guNabhadra, uttarapurANa, 64-55) __ artha :-- eka deha-jyoti, dUsarI jJAna-jyoti aura tIsarI zabda-jyoti meM indrasahita saba devatAoM ko nimagna batalAyA hai, jo unake samavasaraNa Adi ko prApta hue haiM, aura jJAna-jyoti paMcatattva (jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza) sahita sAre loka ko vyApta prakaTa kiyA hai| tIsarI zabda-jyoti anuSaMgikatA se lenA hai| 'yasmAcchabdAtmakaM jyoti: prasRtamatinirmalam / vAcya-vAcaka-sambandhasteneva parameSThina: / / ' - (AcArya zubhacandra, jJAnArNava-tantra) | artha :- isameM zabdAtmaka-jyoti aura parameSThI kA paraspara vAcya-vAcaka sambandha hai. aisA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha bAta 'arhamityakSarabrahma vAcakaM parameSThina:' tathA 'zabdabrahma parabrahma ke vAcaka-vAcya-niyoga' jaise vAkyoM se bhI jAnI jAtI hai|.. prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 93 Page #96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaizAlI ___ --AcArya caturasena zAstrI hindI-sAhitya ke prasiddha vidvAn AcArya caturasena zAstrI ke yazasvI-upanyAsa 'vaizAlI kI nagaravadhU' ke aMta meM 'bhUmi' zIrSaka ke aMtargata upanyAsa meM Aye huye nagaroM evaM pAtroM ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, usI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI ke bAre meM bhI aitihAsika jAnakArI dI hai| vaha jAnakArI isa Alekha ke rUpa meM yahA~ dI jA rahI hai| isase jainatara-sAhityakAroM ke mana meM vaizAlI' nagarI kI jo chavi rahI hai, use jAnane-samajhane kA eka avasara mila skegaa| -sampAdaka vaizAlI licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI athavA trizalA atyanta prAcInakAla meM ikSvAku ke putra athavA bhAI nabhAga ke putra 'vizAla rAjA ne basAI thii| aisA ullekha prAcIna hindU-granthoM meM milatA hai| purANoM ke AdhAra para vizAla ke rAjavaMza ko dazaratha ke samakAlIna pramati taka khIMcA jA sakatA hai, parantu vizAla ke rAjavaMza kA aMta kisaprakAra huA aura vaha licchaviyoM ke gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI kisaprakAra banI? --isa sambandha meM nizcitarUpa meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaizAlI aura licchaviyoM ke sambandha meM buddha ne bahuta se prazaMsAtmaka-udgAra prakaTa kie haiM, jo ki bauddha-pAli-granthoM meM saMgrahIta haiM / yaha nagarI mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi bhI hai| bauddha-granthoM meM mahAvIra ko 'arahA nAyapatte bhagavA vesAlie' kahA hai| anya-granthoM meM bhI mahAvIra ko 'vaizAlika' kahA gayA hai| ___ 'bhagavatIsUtra' kI TIkA meM abhayadeva ne vaizAlika' kA artha hI mahAvIra kiyA hai| isaprakAra isa nagarI ke nAma para hI mahAvIra kA nAma vaizAlika prasiddha ho gyaa| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vaizAlI nagarI meM usa samaya 'kuNDa-grAma' aura 'vANijya-grAma' -ina do nagaroM kA samAveza bhI thaa| Aja bhI ye donoM gA~va 'bAniyA vasukuNDa' nAma se AbAda haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaizAlI kA vistAra dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA gyaa| bauddha-granthoM se patA calatA hai ki janasaMkhyA bar3hane se tIna bAra kaI gA~voM ko sammilita karake isa nagarI ko vizAla kiyA gayA, jisase usakA nAma 'vaizAlI' pdd'aa| 00 94 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isaprakAra tIna nagaroM se milakara bane hone ke kAraNa vaizAlI' ko prasaMgAnusAra una tInoM meM se cAhe jisa kisI ke nAma se pukArA jAtA thaa| bauddha-paramparA meM bhI vaizAlI ke jiloM kA ullekha hai| vaizAlI dakSiNa-pUrva meM kuNDalapura (kuNDagrAma), uttara-pUrva meM vANijya-grAma tathA pazcima meM kollAga' nAmaka sanniveza thA, usameM adhikatara jJAtR-kSatriyoM kI bastI thii| isIlie use 'nAya-kula arthAt jJAtRvaMzIya kSatriyoM kA ghara (kollAe saMnivese nAyakulaMsi) kahA jAtA thaa| isI kollAga-saMniveza ke pAsa jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoM kA 'dyutipalAza' nAmaka eka udyAna aura caitya thaa| ise jJAtRvaMziyoM kA udyAna kahate the| ('nAya-saNDa-vaNe ujjANe' athavA 'nAya-saNDe ujjANe') 'AcArAMga' meM uttara-kSatriya-kuNDapura sanniveza athavA 'dakSiNa-brAhmaNa-kuNDa-sanniveza ke do bhAga Aye haiM; jisameM uttarIbhAga meM kSatriya (sambhavata: jJAta) aura dakSiNI-bhAga meM brAhmaNoM kI bastI thii| kalpasUtra' meM 'kSatriya-kuNDa-grAma-nagara' aura 'brAhmaNa-kuNDagrAma-nagara' aisA ullekha hai| isakA abhiprAya bhI hameM pUrva-varNita kuNDa-grAma' nagara kA uttara kA kSatriya-vibhAga aura dakSiNa kA brAhmaNa-vibhAga dhvanita hotA hai| tibbata se prApta granthoM meM buddhakAlIna vaizAlI meM sone ke kalazavAle sAta hajAra mahala aura cA~dI ke kalazavAle caudaha hajAra mahala tathA tAMbe ke kalazavAle ikkIsa hajAra gharoM kA ullekha hai| ina tIna pRthak-pRthak mahaloM meM anukrama se uttama, madhyama aura kaniSTha kuloM ke loga rahate the| isakA AbhAsa 'upAsaka-dazAMga sUtra' meM hamako milatA hai| ___ hamane pIche batAyA hai ki buddha ko vaizAlI bahuta priya thii| 'mahAparinivvANa sutta' meM likhA hai ki buddha jaba apane jIvana meM antima bAra vaizAlI se cale, to bArambAra pIche phira-phira kara nagara kI ora dekhane lge| (nAgApalokita vaisAlIyaM apaloketvA) usa samaya unhoMne Ananda se kahA thA ki "Ananda, isa bAra tathAgata vaizAlI ko antima bAra dekha rahA hai|" jaba buddha ke darzana ke lie licchavi sajadhaja kara vaizAlI se nikalate the, taba unheM dekhakara eka bAra buddha ne kahA thA "he bhikSuo! tumane devatAoM ko to apanI nagarI se nikAla kara udyAna meM Ate hue kabhI nahIM dekhaa| parantu ina vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM ko dekho, jo samRddhi aura ThATha-bATha meM ina devatAoM ke samAna haiM--sone ke chatra, svarNa-maNDita pAlakI, svarNa-jaTita ratha aura hAthiyoM sahita ye licchavi dekho, AbAla raMgaraMjita vastra dhAraNa kie hue sundara vAhanoM para cale A rahe haiN|" eka bauddha-grantha meM likhA hai ki "yaha vaizAlI mahAnagarI atisamRddha surakSita, subhikSa, ramaNIya, janapUrNa, sampanna gRha aura haryoM se alaMkRta puSpavATikAoM ora udyAnoM se praphullita mAnoM devatAoM kI nagarI se spardhA karatI hai|" bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI meM huA thA, yaha hama kaha cuke haiN| tIrthaMkara hone ke bAda unhoMne bayAlIsa cAturmAsoM meM se bAraha vaizAlI meM vyatIta kie the| ___ yaha 'vaizAlI vartamAna 'tirahuta' meM mujaphpharapura se kucha dUra, rAjagRha se koI 40 koza ke antara para thii| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 1095 Page #98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ licchavi IsvI san se pUrva sAtavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga gaMgA ke uttara-kUla para licchaviyoM kA eka samartha-pradeza-sattAtmaka-rAjya thA, jisake pUrva meM vanya-pradeza, pazcima meM kauzala-deza aura kusInArA tathA pAvA, jo malloM ke gaNarAjya the| dakSiNa meM gaMgA ke usa pAra magadha-sAmrAjya thaa| uttara meM himAlaya kI talahaTI meM AyA huA vanya-pradeza thaa| isa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI' thii| licchaviyoM kI paramparA ke sambandha meM aneka mata haiM, kucha loga unheM ikSvAku sUryavaMziyoM kA vaMzaja kahate haiN| bauddha-granthoM meM licchaviyoM ko buddha Adi ne 'vasiSTha' kaha kara sambodhita kiyA hai| vasiSTha sUryavaMzI ikSvAkuoM ke kula-guru the| nepAla kI vaMzAvalI meM bhI unheM sUryavaMzI kahA hai, kintu smRtiyA~ unheM vrAtya-saMkara batAtI hai| ___ jainagranthoM meM licchaviyoM ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa bAta nahIM kahI gii| yadyapi jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra zramaNa licchivikula meM utpanna hue the| jainagranthoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIra zramaNa kI mAtA vaizAlI ke gaNa-pramukha rAjA kI bahina kahI gaI haiM, parantu mahAvIra zramaNa ko jainagranthoM meM licchavi na kaha kara jJAtiputra', 'videhadattA' kA putra', 'videha kA rAjakumAra', 'vaizAlika', 'jJAtR-kSatriya' Adi ke nAmoM se pukArA jAtA hai| yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki jaina-bauddha dharmodaya ke pUrva arthAt jaina-bauddha dharmodaya ke pUrva arthAt IsAmasIha se pUrva 5vIM 6vIM zatAbdI se udhara ke kisI prAcIna hindU-grantha meM licchaviyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, parantu unake par3ausI malloM kA ullekha 'mahAbhArata' meM pANDavoM ke samakAlIna ke rUpa meM AyA hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki vaizAlI kA gaNarAjya videha-rAjya ke bhaMga hone para saMgaThita huaa| jaina aura bauddha dharmodaya se pUrva ke upaniSad-kAla meM videharAja janaka kI kIrti aura ThATa-bATa kA khUba bar3hA-car3hA varNana aura bhArI yazogAthA hai| _ 'majjhimanikAya' ke 'makhAdevasutta' ke AdhAra para nimi' ke putra 'kalAra' ke samaya meM videha-rAjavaMza kA anta huaa| kauTilya arthazAstra' ke AdhAra para videha ke rAjA karAla ne eka brAhmaNa-kumArI ke Upara atyAcAra kiyA thA, isI se rAjA aura rAjya kA nAza ho gyaa| videharAja kI samRddha ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki isa rAjya kA vistAra thA aura usameM solaha hajAra gA~va lagate the| buddha ne licchaviyoM kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA thA "he bhikSuo ! Aja licchavi pramAdarahita aura vIryavAn hokara vyAyAma karate haiM, isase magadha kA rAjA unake marma ko samajhakara una para car3hAI karate hue DaratA hai| he bhikSuo ! bhaviSya meM licchavi sukumAra ho jAyeMge aura unake hAtha paira komala aura sukumAra bana jaayeNge| ve Aja lakar3I ke takhta para sote haiM, phira ve ruI ke gaddoM para sUryodaya hone taka 0096 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sote raheMge; taba magadharAja una para car3hAI kara skegaa|" ___he Ananda ! licchavi bArambAra sammelana karate haiM aura ina sammelanoM meM sabhI ikaTThe hokara eka sAtha baiThate haiM, eka sAtha uThate haiM aura eka sAtha kAma karate haiM, jo niyama-sammata hai, usakA viccheda nahIM krte| apane pUrvajoM ke prAcIna dharma meM cale Ate haiM, vRddhoM kA satkAra karate haiM, unakI pratiSThA karate haiM, unako pUjate haiM aura unakI AjJA mAnate haiN| kala-kamAriyoM aura kula-striyoM kA haraNa nahIM karate, na una para balAtkAra karate haiN| apane bhItarI aura bAharI caityoM ko mana-satkAra se pUjate haiM aura pUrva-paramparA ke anusAra dhArmika bali dene meM asAvadhAnI nahIM krte| arhantoM ke rakSaNa aura AzrayaNa ke lie ve vyavasthA rakhate haiN| he Ananda ! ve jaba taka aisA karate raheMge unakI unnati hogI, avanati nhiiN|" ___ ina uddharaNoM se licchaviyoM ke vyaktitva aura caritra evaM AcAra-vicAra para bahuta kucha prakAza par3atA hai| buddha ko aura bauddha-saMgha ko unhoMne kitane hI caitya, ArAma-zAlAyeM aura vana arpaNa kie the, jinameM kUTAgAra-zAlA, cApAla-caitya, saptAmra-caitya, bahuputra-caitya, gautama-caitya, kapinaiha-caitya, marakaTa-hRda-tIra-caitya, AmrapAlI kA Amravana aura bAlikAArAma Adi pramukha haiM / buddha vahA~ nirantara Ate-jAte rahate the| yadyapi isa bAta kA koI spaSTa ullekha hameM nahIM milatA ki buddha aura mahAvIra se prathama apane caityoM meM licchaviyoM kA yaha gaNa videharAja janaka se sambaddha thA, isalie isa rAjya meM yajJayoga aura vaidika upAsanA evaM upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita brahmopAsanA bhI pracalita thii| mahAvIra aura buddha ke prabhAva se bahuta jainopAsaka aura bauddhopAsaka gRhastha aura bhikSu ho gae the| vajjI-rAjAoM ke kula meM aMja-navanIya, vajjIputta, sasbhUta, mahAli, abhaya, samandaka, ugra, sAlha, nandaka, bhadriya adi licchavi nAgarika aura jettA, cAsiTTi Adi mahilAoM kA ullekha hai| Age calakara yadyapi licchaviyoM kA gaNarAjya naSTa ho cukA thA; parantu unake kula kI pratiSThA eka hajAra varSa taka kAyama rhii| IsvI san 4 meM samudragupta maurya ne apane ko bar3e garva se 'licchavi-dauhitra' kahA thaa| parantu yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI kA koI khAsa-varNana jainagranthoM meM nahIM dikhAI pdd'taa| uttarakAlIna masIha kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM saMkalita upAsakadazAsUtra' grantha meM vANijya-grAma aura vaizAlI kA rAjA 'ajAtazatru' kahA hai, parantu 'sUryaprajJapti grantha' meM use videha kI rAjadhAnI 'mithilA' kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai| gaNarAjya-paddhati licchaviyoM ke rAjya meM gaNasattA-paddhati se rAjavyavasthA calatI thI, aura isa rAjya meM vaMza-paramparA se calA AtA aura koI rAjA na thaa| saba rAjasattA nAgarikoM ke 'gaNa' athavA 'sagha' rAjasattA nAgarikoM ke 'gaNa' athavA 'saMgha' ke hAtha meM thI, parantu isa gaNa kA pratyeka sabhya apane ko 'rAjA' kahatA thaa| ye saba 'saMthAgAra' nAmaka sArvajanika rAjabhavana meM prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0097 Page #100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ekatrita hokara rAjya-vyavasthA tathA sAmAjika aura dhArmika nirNaya karate the| vayaska hone para pratyeka licchavikumAra apane pitA kA pada gaNarAjya-sattA meM grahaNa karatA thA aura taba kevala eka bAra 'abhiSeka-puSkariNI' ke jala se usakA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA thaa| kauTilya arthazAstra' meM licchaviyoM ke saMgha ko 'rAjazabdopajIvI' kahA hai| 'mahAvastu' saMgraha-graMtha meM likhA hai, ki vaizAlI meM 1 lAkha 68 hajAra rAjA rahate the| vinayapiTaka' ke anusAra vaizAlI atyanta samRddhizAlI aura dhana se jana se paripUrNa thI, usameM 7777 prAsAda, 7777 kUTAgAra aura 7777 ArAma aura 7777 puSkariNiyAM thiiN| bhinna-bhinna rAjakAja ke choTe-bar3e kAmoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna padAdhikArI niyukta the| jaise aparAdhI kA nyAya karane ke lie anukrama se rAjagaNa vinizcaya mahAmantra, vyAvahArika sUtradhAra, aSTakulaka, senApati, uparAjA aura rAjA itane adhikAriyoM ke maNDaloM ke pAsa aparAdhI ko le jAyA jAtA thaa| mahattvapUrNa viSayoM ke nirNaya ke lie ATha yA nau vyaktiyoM kI vyavasthA-samiti bhI cunI jAtI thiiN| licchaviyoM ke saMyukta rAjya meM jina ATha kuloM ke gaNa the, unameM pratyeka kula se eka-eka pratinidhi lekara ATha janoM kI yaha vyavasthA-pariSad niyukta kI jAtI thI, jo sampUrNa zAsana-vyavasthA karatI thii| jainagranthoM meM likhA hai ki yuddha jaise mahattvapUrNa kAryoM ke sambandha meM nau licchaviyoM kI vyavasthApikA-sabhA bulAI jAtI thii| licchaviyoM ke nau yA ATha gaNoM meM kina-kina saMghoM va vaMzoM kA samAveza hotA thA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, parantu sUtrakRtAMga' ke AdhAra para rAjya kI pariSad meM bhogavaMzIya, aikSvAkuvaMzIya, jJAtR-vaMzIya, kaurava-vaMzIya, licchavi-vaMzIya aura ugravaMzIya kSatriyoM kA ullekha hai| isaprakAra kI gaNasattAtmaka-paddhati, aisA mAlUma hotA hai, prAcInakAla se pracalita thiiN| 'Rgveda' meM aisA AbhAsa milatA hai--jisaprakAra rAjA loga samiti meM ekatrita hote haiN| isase anumAna hotA hai ki atyanta prAcInakAla meM aisI rAjya-paddhati saMgaThita ho gaI thI ki rASTra rAjavaMza ke aneka sabhyoM ke ekatra anuzAsana meM hote the| kauTilya ke kAla meM to lagabhaga sampUrNa uttarAkhaNDa meM aise gaNarAjya phaile hae the| pUrva kI ora malloM ke gaNarAjyoM ko yaha ginAtA hai, madhya meM kuruoM aura pAMcAloM ke uttara-pazcima ke bhadrakoM ke aura dakSiNa-pazcima meM kukaroM ke sambhavata: ina gaNarAjyoM ko girAkara hI usane maurya-sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| yahA~ para vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki bauddha-granthoM meM 'licchavi' aura 'vajjI' ina donoM ko eka hI mAnA hai, parantu kauTilya ne ina donoM ko pRthak-pRthak batAyA ___ hvenasAMga ne bhI 'vajjI deza' ko 'vaizAlI' se pRthak mAnA hai| sambhava hai ki sampUrNa saMgha vajjI' kahalAtA ho aura 'licchavi' inameM se eka kA nAma ho| - (jaina pracAraka, disambara 2001, pR0 9-12) 4098 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI vartamAna-sandarbha meM upayogitA --pro. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmakalyANaka kA 2600vA~ pAvana-divasa unake sadguNoM ke smaraNa kA hI nahIM, apitu unake AdarzoM ko jIvana meM utArane ke liye bhI hai; sAtha hI, vaha AtmAlocana kA bhI puNya-parva hai| isa prasaMga meM hameM yaha nirIkSaNa evaM parIkSaNa karanA cAhiye ki gata eka varSa meM hamane kitane lokahita-sAdhaka kArya kiye haiM tathA kitane samAja-virodhI kArya kiye haiM? __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki ve jina bAtoM kA upadeza denA cAhate the, una bAtoM ko sarvaprathama apane jIvana meM utArate the aura jIvana kI kasauTI para jaba ve khare utarate the, tabhI dUsaroM ko unakA upadeza karate the| yahA~ eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki rAjakumAra vardhamAna ko rAja-vaibhava ke tyAga kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3I? manthana karane se vidita hotA hai ki tatkAlIna mAnava-samAja meM kucha aisI viSamatAyeM thIM, jo sAmAjika-jIvana ko khokhalA kiye jA rahI thIM aura jinake kAraNa mahAvIra atyanta vicalita ho uThe the| jaba ve ADambaravAle nirarthaka-kriyAkANDoM evaM rur3hiyoM meM jakar3e hue logoM ko dekhate, to chaTapaTA uThate, Arthika-viSamatA tathA jAti evaM varga-bhedoM ko dekhate, to unakA hRdaya rudana karane lgtaa| eka hI sUrya evaM candra ke nIce eka hI pRthivI para rahanevAloM meM yaha mAnava-bheda, prANibheda evaM sampradAya-bheda unheM bahuta hI khlaa| yaha durnivAra-bhedabhAva, sukha-siMhAsana para baiThakara tathA rAjakIya-prazAsakIya niyama-vidhAna kA bhaya dikhAkara unheM miTA pAnA unake liye sambhava na thA, usake liye to tyAga evaM sAdhanA kI prabhAvaka-zakti kA saMcaya tathA usake AdhAra para logoM kA hRdaya-parivartana karanA Avazyaka thaa| ____ ata: mahAvIra ne lokamaMgala-hetu apane bhautika-sukhoM kI AkAMkSAoM kA sarvathA tyAga kara sarvaprathama dIrgha-tapasyA dvArA Atmazakti prApta kii| unhoMne jana-samparka kA mAdhyama tatkAlIna loka-pracalita janabhASA-prAkRta ko cunA; kyoMki bhASA hI vicAroM kI samartha saMvAhikA hotI hai| usa sAmantI-yuga meM tathAkathita kucha netAoM kI apanI eka viziSTa-bhASA prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0099 Page #102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hotI thI, usI kA ve prayoga bhI kiyA karate the, jo ki jana-sAmAnya kI samajha se prAya: pare rahatI thii| mugaloM kI 'phArasI' evaM aMgrejoM kI 'aMgrejI' ke samAna unakI bhI apanI bhASA-nIti thI, jisake calate jana-sAmAnya ke bahubhAga para ve zAsana kiyA karate the| mahAvIra ne isa bhASA-nIti ke sarvathA-viparIta jana-samudAya ke bIca tatkAlIna janabhASA-prAkRta meM apane vicAra vyakta kie, jisakA Azaya thA ki ine-gine logoM kI viziSTa-bhASA kabhI bhI samparka-bhASA athavA rASTrabhASA nahIM ho sktii| yaha pada to usI sArvajanIna-bhASA ko diyA jA sakatA hai, jise rASTra kA bahula-bhAga prayoga karatA ho, jise dalita se dalita aura apar3ha se apar3ha vyakti bhI bola aura samajha sakatA ho / kyoMki vyakti jo bhI vicAra karatA hai, usakI sahaja evaM spaSTa-abhivyakti vaha apanI sthAnIya-mAtRbhASA meM hI kara sakatA hai| tathA antarnihita-zakti kA vizvAsapUrvaka pUrNa-vikAsa bhI kara sakatA hai| isaprakAra mahAvIra ne jana-sAmAnya kA manobala U~cA karane hetu samakAlIna lokapracalita-bhASA 'prAkRta' meM apane upadezoM kA prasAra kara sarvodaya kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| - mahAvIra kA bhASA-sambandhI yaha siddhAnta itanA lokapriya huA ki unake parinirvANa ke bAda saikar3oM varSoM taka jana-samparka kI bhASA vahI prAkRta banI rhii| priyadarzI samrATa azoka evaM khAravela Adi ne apane-apane zAsanakAloM meM usI ko pramukhatA pradAna kara janasAmAnya kA vizvAsa prApta kiyA tathA zAna ko sudRr3ha banAkara unhoMne apane-apane rASTroM ko sukhI-sampanna banAyA aura deza-videza meM bhAratIya-AdarzoM kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| bihAra evaM jhArakhaNDa-prAnta kI Adhunika saMthAlI, muNDArI, magahI, maithilI, bhojapurI, aMgikA evaM vajjimA Adi boliyoM kA vikAsa uparyukta janabhASA-prAkRta se hI huaa| suprasiddha bhASAvid tathA Adhunika-pANini ke nAma se prasiddha DaoN. jArja griyarsana tathA ricarDa pizala evaM DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI Adi ne Adhunika bihAra evaM jhArakhaNDa kI boliyoM ko ukta prAkRta kI putriyA~ athavA pautriyA~ mAnA hai| isa dRSTi se ina prAntoM kI boliyoM ke udbhava aura vikAsa, tathA unake vyutpattimUlaka tathA bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana ke liye mahAvIrakAlIna-prAkRta kA uccastarIya tulanAtmaka-adhyayana anivArya hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sammukha dUsarI viSama-samasyA thI - asamAna-vitaraNa evaM Arthika-viSamatA kii| unhoMne isakA samAdhAna 'aparigrahavAda' ke mAdhyama se kiyaa| kyoMki ve jAnate the ki Arthika-viSamatA evaM asamAna-vitaraNa mAnava-samAja ko tor3a-maror3akara cUra-cUra kara detA hai| isase samAja zoSaka evaM zoSita --ina do vargoM meM ba~Ta jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa kaTutA evaM ghRNA kI vinAzakArI-bhAvanAyeM janma lene lagatI haiN| mahAvIra ne batAyA ki vyakti ko apane pAsa utanI hI sAmagrI rakhanI cAhiye, jo jIvana-dhAraNa ke liye Avazyaka hai| bAkI kI sAmagrI samAja ke abhAvagrasta logoM ko arpita kara denA cAhie, yahI vAstavika aparigraha hai| 40 100 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isa aparigrahavAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue prathama zatAbdi ke AcArya umAsvAmI ne kahA ki kSetra (kheta) vAstu (bhavana Adi) hiraNya (AbhUSaNAdi) svarNa, dhana-dhAnya (anAjAdi) dAsI-dAsa evaM kupya (arthAt bartana, vastra Adi) kI sImAbandI samatAvAdI svastha-samAja evaM rASTa-nirmANa ke liye anivArya hai| athavA anAvazyaka-saMgraha rASTriya-vikAsa meM ghora bAdhaka hai| isaprakAra mahAvIra ne parigraha-vRtti (Hoarding) kA ghora-virodha kiyA tathA aparigrahavAda ko svastha samAja evaM rASTra-nirmANa kA anivArya-aMga ghoSita kiyaa| mahAtmA gA~dhI evaM vinobA bhAve ne mahAvIra ke isa siddhAnta kI jIvanabhara sarAhanA kI aura usakA sarvatra pracAra kiyaa| mahAvIra ke sammukha tIsarI viSama-samasyA thI--dalita-varga ke utthAna kii| mahAvIra cU~ki sacce sAmyavAdI, sarvodayavAdI athavA ahiMsAvAdI the, ata: ucca-jAti yA nIca-jAti (Upper and Lower Castes) jaise zabdoM ke prayoga ke pakSadhara ve kabhI nahIM rhe| jaba-jaba jAtivAda kI AvAja uThI, unhoMne spaSTa ghoSita kiyA ki vyakti janma se nahIM, karma se hI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya athavA zUdra hotA hai| yathA kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi kammuNA hoI khttio| baisso kammuNA hoI suddo havai kmmunnaa|| -(uttarajjhayaNa, 25/31) isIprakAra __samayAe samaNo hoi baMbhacereNa bNbhnno| -(uttarajjhayaNa, 25/30) arthAt samabhAva kI sAdhanA karane se 'zramaNa' hotA hai tathA brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa karane se 'brAhmaNa' hotA hai| aura bhI--Na vi muMDieNa samaNo Na oMkAreNa bNbhnno| Na muNi raNNavAseNaM kusacIreNa Na taavso|| -(uttarajjhayaNa, 25/29) arthAt, sira mur3A lene se koI 'zramaNa' nahIM ho jAtA, 'om-om' kA jApa kara lene mAtra se koI 'brAhmaNa' nahIM ho jAtA, kevala vanavAsa kara lene mAtra se koI 'muni' nahIM ho jAtA aura cIvara (phaTe vastra dhAraNa kara lene mAtra se koI 'tApasa' nahIM ho jaataa| prAkRta ke Agama-granthoM meM kucha aise udAharaNa prApta hote haiM, jinase patA calatA hai ki mahAvIra ne brAhmaNoM, kSatriyoM evaM vaizyoM ko to apane saMgha meM dIkSita kiyA hI, sAtha hI harijana, cANDAla, gvAle, bar3haI, kumhAra, luhAra, majadUra tathA azikSita strI-puruSoM kA uddhAra kara unheM bhI apane saMgha meM pratiSThita-sthAna diyaa| isIlie lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka ne eka bAra kahA thA ki "brAhmaNa-dharma meM eka sabase bar3I truTi yaha hai ki usameM brAhmaNAdi cAroM vargoM ko samAnAdhikAra nahIM diye gye| yajJa-yAgAdi-karma brAhmaNa hI kara sakate the, kSatriya athavA vaizya nhiiN| zUdra to use dekha bhI na sakate the| jainadharma ne isa truTi ko dUra kara mAnava-samAja kA bar3A bhArI upakAra kiyA hai|" mahAvIra ke sammukha cauthI-samasyA thI nArI ke utthAna kI, kyoMki vaha mAnAva ke prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 101 Page #104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pArivArika - ratha kI eka pramukha saMvAhikA thI / samAja evaM parivAra kI suvyavasthA evaM anuzAsana meM usakA prArambha se hI pramukha hAtha rahA hai| gRhastha evaM munidharma kA nirvAha usake sakriya-sahayoga ke binA sambhava nahIM ho sakatA, ataH mahAvIra ne pUrvAgata jaina- paramparAnusAra hI 'caturvidha- saMgha' meM zrAvaka ke sAtha zrAvikA ( mahilAoM) tathA sAdhu ke sAtha sAdhviya (mahilAoM) ko garimApUrNa sthAna dekaraM unheM samAja meM pratiSThita kiyA tathA samAnAdhikAra pradAna kiyaa| pArivArika jIvana meM unheM putra ke sAtha barAbarI se sampatti prApta karane kA bhI samAnAdhikAra diyA gayA, jaisA ki AcArya jinasena ne likhA hai : putryazca saMvibhAgArhAH samaM putraiH samAMzakai: / - (154) arthAt putroM kI bhA~ti putriyA~ bhI pitA kI sampatti kI barAbarI ke bhAga kI adhikAriNI hotI haiM / mahAvIra - yuga meM vaidika - zAstroM meM mahilAoM ko vedAdi ke adhyayana karane kA adhikAra nahIM diyA gayA thA, jaisA ki ullekha milatA hai--"strI - zUdrau nAdhIyatAm "; kintu jainasiddhAntAnusAra mahilAyeM Agama-zAstroM kA adhyayana kara sakatI thIM / isIprakAra kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra-kanyAyeM jahA~ vaidika - pUjAyeM nahIM racA sakatI thIM, vahIM para unheM jaina-pU - pUjA karane kA pUrNa-svAtantrya prApta thA / mahAvIra ne magadha se kauzAmbI kI yAtrA kara krItadAsI ke rUpa meM upasthita bandinI candanA kA uddhAra hI nahIM kiyA, apitu use dIkSita kara apane saMgha meM rahanevAlI 36,000 sAdhvI - mahilAoM ko pradhAna - netrI bhI bnaayaa| isaprakAra unhoMne nArI ko samAja meM samAnAdhikAra dilAne kI jIvana bhara vakAlata kI, unake lie Atma-vikAsa kA mArga sujhAyA aura isa rUpa meM svastha samAja evaM rASTra-nirmANa kI dizA meM abhUtapUrva kArya kiyA / sadya: Ayojita antarrASTrIya mahilA - varSa ke krama meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha yogadAna nizcaya hI svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita karane yogya hai / sAmAjika evaM rASTriya-utthAna meM anuzAsana kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hotA hai / usake abhAva meM vividha anyAya, atyAcAra panapane lagate haiN| mahAvIra ne isake lie tIna makAra arthAt madya (Drinks), mAMsa (Meat), evaM madhu (Honey) ke sarvathA tyAga tathA hiMsA ( Injury ), jhUTha (False food), corI (Theft), kuzIla (Unchastity) evaM parigraha rUpa pA~ca pApoM ke tyAga para vizeSa jora diyA / gambhIratA se vicAra karane para vidita hotA hai ki susaMskRta samAja evaM samunnata rASTra meM jo bhI antarbAhya-viSamatAyeM AtI haiM, unake mUla meM bhI ukta pApa athavA aparAdha-karma hI haiN| mahAvIra ne ina pApoM kA tyAga, pratyeka gRhastha - zrAvaka ke liye anivArya batalAyA tathA saccI - nAgarikatA ke liye vaha Avazyaka aMga ghoSita kiyaa| pA~ca pApoM ke ekadeza-tyAga ke lie jainadharma meM 'aNuvrata' kI saMjJA pradAna kI gii| vastuta: ye aNuvrata sacce nAgarika banane ke lie aise sarvazreSTha anuzAsana - sUtra (Code of Conduct) haiM, jinake binA koI bhI samAja pragati evaM pratiSThA prApta nahIM kara sakatI hai| OC 102 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika mahAvIra vizeSAMka Page #105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vizva ke sabhI pApoM athavA aparAdha-karmoM kA niSedha ukta pA~ca-aNuvratoM se ho jAtA hai| kisI bhI deza ke painala-koDoM (Penal Codes) kI dhArAyeM manovaijJAnika evaM yathArtha ke vizAla dharAtala para vicArita ukta aNuvratoM se nizcaya hI patha-nirdeza le sakatI hai| ___mahAvIra ne svastha-samAja evaM rASTra-nirmANa ke lie spaSTa ghoSita kiyA ki pratyeka zrAvaka athavA sadgRhastha yA nAgarika ko bandhana, vadha, chedana, atibhArAropaNa, anna-pAna-nirodha, mithyA-upadeza, rahobhyAkhyAna (arthAt gopanIya bAtoM kA pracAra), kUTalekha-kriyA (kisI ko ulajhana meM DAlane ke lie jAlI dastAveja taiyAra karanA), nyAsApahAra (dharohara ko har3apa lenA), sAkAra mantrabheda (arthAt zarIrAkRti se kisI ke mana kA bhAva samajhakara usake zatruoM para usakA bhAva prakaTa kara denA), stenaprayoga (arthAt coroM ke dvArA lAI gaI sAmagrI ko kharIdanA), viruddharAjyAtikrama (arthAt nyAyamArga ke viparIta yA smagaliMga kI huI vastuoM ko kharIdanA athavA alpamUlyavAdI vastuoM ko kImatI vastuoM meM milAkara unheM U~cI daroM para becanA), hInAdhikamAnonmAna (kharIdane ke lie adhika pramANavAle tathA becane ke liye kama pramANavAle mApa-taula ke sAdhanoM ke prayoga), pratirUpaka-vyavahAra (arthAt banAvaTI yA Ajakala kI bhASA meM naM. 2 kA sAmAna banAnA evaM becanA) tathA kheta, bhavana, dhana, dhAnya Adi ke anAvazyaka-saMcaya se sadaiva bacate rahanA cAhiye tathA rAjya-viruddha kArya kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM karanA caahiye| mahAvIra ke ukta upadeza rAmarAjya kI chavi ko prastuta karane meM pUrNatayA sakSama haiN| yadi ina upadezoM kA akSaraza: pAlana kiyA jAya, to phira na to rASTroM meM paraspara kabhI yuddha hoMge aura na prazAsanoM meM pulisa kI AvazyakatA rahegI aura na hI kArAgAroM kI jarUrata rahegI aura gharoM meM bhI tAle banda karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhegii| sAmAjika-jIvana meM pArasparika sneha, sauhArda evaM samanvayavAdI-vRtti jAgRta karane hetu mahAvIra ne anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAda ke siddhAntoM kA pracAra kiyaa| sAmAjika-viSamatAoM ke hala karane ke lie unakI yaha eka bar3I bhArI vaijJAnika dena thii| vicAra-vaiSamya ke kAraNa bhagna-hRdayoM ke saMyojana ke lie 'anekAntavAda' kA yaha eka adbhuta nuskhA thaa| vastuta: pArasparika kalaha kA mUlakAraNa hai 'ekAntadRSTi' / vyakti kisI vastu-vizeSa ke viSaya meM jo kucha samajhatA hai, usakI vaha samajhadArI antima (Ultimate) nahIM mAnI jA sktii| isa siddhAnta ko na samajhakara jaba vaha apanI samajha ko hI antima samajhakara dUsaroM ko bhI usI rUpa meM samajhane ko bAdhya karane lagatA hai, taba virodha evaM tanAtanI kI sthiti A jAtI hai| jaise pA~ca andhoM ne hAthI kA svarUpa jAnane kA prayAsa kiyaa| eka na usakI pU~cha pakar3I, dUsare ne sUMDa, tIsare ne kAna, cauthe ne paira tathA pA~caveM ne piitth| aba yadi pU~cha pakar3anevAlA use rasse ke samAna, sUMDa pakar3anevAlA use ajagara ke samAna, kAna pakar3ane vAlA use sUpa ke samAna, paira pakar3anevAlA use khambhe ke samAna aura pITha pakar3anevAlA use dIvAra ke samAna mAne tathA apane kathana ko hI antima satya mAnakara apane vicAra dUsaroM para Aropita karatA rahe, to laTTha-juttaM' kI sthiti A hI jaayegii| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 103 Page #106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isa viSama-sthiti meM anekAntavAdI samajhAkara kahatA hai ki yadi kathana-zailI meM jarAsA bhI parivartana kara diyA jAye, to sabhI kA kathana ThIka hai| hAthI 'rassI ke samAna hI hai', isake badale meM yadi yaha kahA jAye ki hAthI rassI ke samAna bhI hai', to jo anya andhe use ajagara, dIvAra yA sUpa Adi ke samAna mAnate haiM, unheM bhI koI virodha na hogA; kyoMki ekAntadRSTi se sabhI kA kathana unakI apanI-apanI dRSTi se ThIka hai, kintu usase vastu kA ekAMgI-svarUpa hI prakaTa hotA hai| hAthI ke sarvAMgINa-svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie to pA~coM aMdhoM ke kathana kA samanvaya karanA hogaa| aikAntika-dRSTi ke kathana se vizva meM jo dhArmika daMge hue, unase sabhI paricita haiN| kyoMki isane dharmonmAda utpanna kara hajAroM parivAroM ko naSTa kara DAlA, lAkhoM mA~-bahinoM kA sindUra poMcha DAlA tathA hajAroM baccoM ko anAtha kara ddaalaa| yUthopiyA, kAMgo, koriyA, kuvaita, IrAka, aphagAnistAna, baMgalAdeza Adi isake pratyakSa udAharaNa haiN| isa viSamatA se bacane ke lie sabase acchA upAya anekAntavAda hI hai, jo vastu ke yathArtha evaM sarvasammata-nirNaya ke lie niSpakSa sarvocca-nyAyAdhIza kA kArya karatA hai| ___ vastuta: anekAntavAda vastu-vicAra ke vividha-dRSTikoNoM ke samanvaya kA eka tarkasaMgata vAda hai| vicAraka 'hI' ke sthAna para yadi 'bhI' kA prayoga karanA sIkha jAye aura yadi esA hI hai' ke sthAna meM esA bhI hai' isaprakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga kareM, to paraspara meM kalaha kA koI avasara hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| mahAvIra ne apane upadezoM meM jisa prakAra jana-bhASA-prAkRta ko apanAyA, usIprakAra vicAroM kI abhivyakti meM sarala-zailI ko bhI apnaayaa| pANDitya-pradarzana kA unhoMne kabhI bhI prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| unakI isaprakAra kI upadeza-zailI ko citrazailI kI saMjJA pradAna kI jA sakatI hai| jaise unase yadi koI prazna karatA thA ki krodha kitane prakAra kA hotA hai, to ve loka-pracalita udAharaNoM ke sAtha usakA kathana isaprakAra kiyA karate the--"sAMsArika sukhoM meM Asakta prANiyoM kA krodha pASANa-rekhA ke samAna dIrghakAlIna (anantAnubandhI) hotA hai| sadAcArI vratI puruSa athavA sAdhu kA krodha bAlU meM aMkita rekhA ke samAna alpakAlIna (pratyAkhyAna krodha) ke samAna hotA hai| yaha zailI kitanI sahajagrAhya mArmika tathA hastAmalakavat hai? zrotA ke lie isa zailI se krodha kA pratyeka pahalU svata: hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prANi-sevA ke prati apane inhIM dAyitvabodhoM evaM racanAtmaka-kAryoM ke kAraNa hI ve 'vardhamAna mahAvIra' ke nAma se prasiddha hue| ___vartamAna-yuga meM naitikatA kA patana jisa vega se ho rahA hai, usakI kabhI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakI thii| bahumukhI adha:patana kI isa vibhISikA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA, anekAnta evaM aparigraha-sambandhI siddhAnta nizcaya hI sarvodayI-sanmArga kA pradarzana kara sakate haiN| unake sarvodaya evaM sAmyavAdI Adarza-siddhAnta svastha samAja, rASTra evaM vizva kA nava-nirmANa kara sakate haiM, isameM sandeha nhiiN| ata: 'sarvajanahitAya sarvajanasukhAya' bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Adarza-siddhAMtoM kA pracAra-prasAra pratyeka mAnava kA punIta-kartavya hai| 00 104 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #107 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAkRta-sAhitya meM mahAvIra kA dharma-darzana -DaoN. udayacandra jaina prAkRtabhASA bhArata kI hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa vizva kI eka atiprAcIna aura pratiSThita bhASA hai, tathA isakA vAGmaya bahuAyAmI hone se vizvabhara ke manISiyoM ke liye Adara kA kendra banA huA hai| aise hI bahumAnita prAkRta-vAGmaya meM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-darzana ke tattvoM ko cunakara vidvAn lekhaka ne isa Alekha meM zramapUrvaka saMjoyA hai| -sampAdaka bhAratIya sAhitya-paramparA meM do prakAra ke sAhitya kA vizeSa-ullekha kiyA jAtA hai(1) prAkRta-sAhitya aura (2) sNskRt-saahity| isa sAhitya-paramparA meM prAkRta-sAhitya ko mahAvIra aura buddha ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai, parantu bhASA kI dRSTi se prAkRta-sAhitya akSuNNarUpa meM aba taka likhA jA rahA hai, isakA vizAla-kSetra hai, isakI vyApakatA hai aura isakI bhASA meM sabhI ko jor3ane kI kalA hai| yaha hara kSetra ke jana-jIvana kI bhASA hai, sAdhAraNajanoM kI bhASA hai aura prakRti se jur3I hI jana-jana kI bhASA hai| isa bhASA meM bhI sabhI vidhAyeM vidyamAna haiM, prabandha se lekara muktaka, purANa se lekara itihAsa, bhUgola se lekara gaNita aura stuti se lekara vizAla caritra Adi haiN| prAraMbhika-caraNa meM isa bhASA ke sAhitya kA nimna AkAra-prakAra kA thA(1) Agama-sAhitya - (ka) zaurasenI prAkRta kA Agama-sAhitya / (kha) ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA Agama sAhitya- aMga, upAMga aadi| (II) Agama kA - (ka) zaurasenI prAkRta kA aagm-vyaakhyaa-saahity| ___vyAkhyA-sAhitya (kha) ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA Agama-vyAkhyA-sAhitya / (III) siddhaant-saahity| (IV) bhUgola-gaNita evaM jyotiSa-sAhitya / (V) stuti-saahity| sAhityika vidhA kA sAhitya (ka) prabandha sAhitya - mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, muktaka kAvya, chaMda, vyAkaraNa, campU, kathA, caritra, stuti, nATya aadi| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 105 Page #108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ DaoN. vhUlara ne jaina-sAhitya ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki- vyAkaraNa, khagolazAstra aura sAhitya kI vibhinna-zAkhAoM meM jainAcAryoM kI itanI sevAyeM haiM ki unake virodhI bhI usa ora AkarSita hue| jainAcAryoM kI kucha racanAyeM to Aja yUropIya-vijJAna ke lie bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa haiN|' ____bhAratIya-sAhitya meM jainiyoM kI sevAyeM apUrva haiM, unhoMne prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, tamila, telagU, kannar3a, gujarAtI, hindI Adi vibhinna bhASAoM meM sabhI vidhAoM para lekhanI claaii| mahAvIra ke siddhAnta ke pratipAdita karane ke lie tatkAlIna loka pracalita jana-bhASA ko AdhAra batAyA gyaa| jise 'ArSa' kahA pahale aura pazcAt jise 'prAkRta' kahA gyaa| jisameM Agama likhe gaye, karma grantha pratipAdita kiye gaye aura unake AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke liye siddhAnta granthoM kA praNayana huaa| bhAsa, kAlidAsa, zUdraka, rAjazekhara Adi ne apane nATakoM meM jise vizeSa mahattva diyaa| nATakoM ke mUlyAMkana se yaha bhI jJAta huA ki rAjA, maMtrI jaise pAtroM ko chor3akara anya rAnI, sakhI, mitra, vidUSaka, bAlaka-bAlikAyeM Adi se lekara janakSetra se jur3e huye AdivAsI bahula zakari, bhIla zabada bhI isI meM apanA kathana karate haiN| ___ mahAvIra ke siddhAnta para Agama likhe gayeM, una para AcAryoM ne vividha TIkAyeM likhIM, niyukti, cUrNI, bhASya, TabbA, hindI, gujarAtI evaM aMgrejI Adi meM vistRta vivecana bhI prastuta kie| unakI zikSAoM aura siddhAntoM ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne ke liye choTI-choTI racanAyeM kI giiN| siddhasena', hemacandra jaise dArzanikoM ne prAkRta meM dArzanika racanAyeM diiN| mAilla dhavala ne mahAvIra kI nayadRSTi ko 'nayacakra' meM prastuta kiyaa| ___AcArya kundakunda ne to unake adhyAtma-rahasya ko isataraha pratipAdita kiyA ki unakA cintana jIvana kA aMga bana gyaa| saca kahA jAye to unakA cintana Atma-ciMtana hai, AtmAnuprekSI banAne kA hai aura paramAtmA se sIdhe samparka karane kA vizuddhamArga hai| mahAvIra kyA haiM? yaha prazna simaTakara nahIM raha jAtA, apitu vyApaka bana jAtA hai| ve ikSvAkuvaMza-kezarI haiM, kAzyapagotrI haiM, licchavi jAti ke dedIpyamAna sUrya haiM, nAyaputra, jJAtRputra, nAthakula Adi ke divyamukuTa haiN| ve to vardhamAna haiM, vardhamAna the, vardhamAna hI raheMge aura jana-jIvana ko vardhamAna banAte rheNge| ve yadi devAdhideva haiM, vItarAgI, sarvajJa, tIrthaMkara, siddha-buddha, trailokyanAtha, paramezvara Adi haiM, to ve haiM sabhI ko zaraNa denevaale| __NANaM saraNaM me daMsaNaM ca saraNaM ca cariya-saraNaM c| tava-saMjamaM ca saraNaM bhagavaM saraNaM mhaaviiro|| yadi mere liye jJAna zaraNa hai, darzana zaraNa hai, caritra zaraNa hai, tapa zaraNa hai aura saMyama zaraNa hai, to bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI zaraNabhUta haiN| __ mahAvIra kI jIvana-gAthA vizuddhAtmA kI hai, mahAmanA banAne aura paramAtma-avasthA 00 106 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ taka le jAnevAlI hai| jo tIrthaMkara RSabha ke samaya marIci' ke bhava meM the, jo RSabha ke prautra rUpa meM rahe, jinhoMne RSabhadeva kI dezanA kA pArAyaNa kiyA aura bhava-bhavAntara ke pazcAt vaizAlI-gaNatantra ko saphala karane meM samartha hue| vaizAlI' gaNatantra kI zobhA kuNDagrAma ke narezasiddhArtha se thii| unhoMne jahA~ isakI samRddhi meM yogadAna diyA, vahIM priyakAriNI trizalA ko apAra-sampadA pradAna kii| lagabhaga 2600 sau varSa pUrva trizalA ke garbha se jo bAlaka utpanna huA, vaha vaizAlI' gaNarAjya meM garbha se lekara janma taka sabhI samRddhiyoM meM yogadAna detA rahA, jise 'vardhamAna' kahane meM kisI ne cUka nahIM kii| tIrthakara pArzva ke 278 varSa pazcAt IsA pUrva 599 ASANa zukla SaSThI zukravAra 17 jUna 'hasta' nakSatra meM vaizAlI ke pramukha-zAsaka ceTaka kI putrI, jisakA nAma 'trizalA' thA, vahI siddhArtha kI sahacarI banIM, jisase IsApUrvaka 599 ke caitra'mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI trayodazI ke uttarAphAlgunI' nakSatra meM 27 mArca, somavAra ke dina 'aryamA' yoga meM sundara bAlaka ko janma diyaa| isa AtmajJAnI kI adbhuta lIlAyeM thiiN| jisameM apUrva-sAhasa thA, buddhi-vizAlatA, AtmavizvAsa, Atmazakti Adi bhii| ve vIra, ativIra, sanmati aura mahAvIra bhI kahalAne lge| ise AtmajJa ne ATha varSa meM hI darzana ke sUtra ko de diyA thaa| tattvaviSayaka-zaMkA kA samAdhAna bhI dekhane mAtra se hai| phira vaha kaisA hogA aura usakA cintana kyA kaha rahA hogA? vardhamAna 'Namo vaDDhamANa-buddha-risissa" SaTkhaMDAgama kI 'dhavalA' TIkA meM jo sUtra diyA hai, usase yaha spaSTa hai ki jo vardhamAna haiM, ve vardhamAna buddha bhI haiM aura RSi bhI haiM / guNoM kI vRddhi ke kAraNa vardhamAna, pUrNajJAna kI prApti se buddha/kevalajJAnI/sarvajJa haiM aura anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura anantabala ke vaibhava se 'RSi' haiM, una vardhamAna baddharSi ke lie namana/isake TIkAkAra ne isa viSaya meM spaSTa kathana kiyA hai ki vardhamAna buddha haiM, ve dharmapatha ke nAyaka haiM, tIrthakara haiM aura samasta loka ko dekhane vAle sarvajJa bhI haiN| unheM 'vardhamAna bhaTTAraka' bhI kahA hai| ve tIrthapravartaka haiM, tIrthakartA haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra meM kahA esa surAsura-maNusiMda-vaMdidaM, dhoda dhaadi-kmm-mlN| paNamAmi vaDDhamANaM, titthaM dhammassa kattAraM / / arthAt ghAtiyA-karmarahita, deva-asura-cakravartiyoM dvArA vaMdita, dharmatIrtha (zrAvaka-zrAvikA, sAdhu-sAdhvI) ke kartA vardhamAna ko praNAma karatA huuN| 'dhavalA' TIkA pustaka eka khaNDa cAra meM vardhamAna ke janma se lekara muktipatha taka kA sampUrNa-citraNa hai| yativRSabhAcArya ne tiloyapaNNatti' nAmaka grantharAja meM vardhamAna' ko 'vIra' prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 107 Page #110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhI kahA hai| ve vardhamAna jina" bhI haiM, aura ve vIranAtha bhI haiM / " yadyapi samasta zaurasenI Agama-sAhitya ke AcAryoM ne vardhamAna ko mAtra smaraNa hI nahIM kiyA, apitu unake siddhAntoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| ___ 'AcArAMga' kA 'upadhAna sUtra' dIkSA ke pazcAt kI caryA, zayyA, AhAra-vihAra ke bar3e hI rocaka evaM kaSTadAyI viSaya kA vyAkhyAna karatA hai-- isameM mahAvIra Atma-vijaya banAma lokavijaya ke paryAya haiM 'haMtA haMtA bahabe kaMdisa' ke cillAne para dhyAna-magna haiN| jogaM ca savvaso NaccA' kahane se jJAnI hai| paMthapehI care jayamANe' meM AtmA kA vizuddha-mArga hai| 'appamatte samAhie jhAI' meM samAdhi kI utkRSTatA hai| 'itthI egaiyA puriyA ya' upasarga Ane para sthiratA kI ora le jAtA hai| 'aha duccara-lADhamacArI' vajrabhUmi yA zubhrabhUmi meM sahiSNu banAtI hai| isItaraha ke anya prasaMga bhI mahApatha kA bodha karAte haiN| sUtrakRtAMga' guNotkarSa ke sAtha dArzanika dRSTi hI dRSTi dikhalAtA hai| isameM vIratthui - mahAvIratthavo' nAmaka chaThe adhyayana meM 'nAtasutassa' ke viSaya meM ve pUchA ki ve kyA hai? taba kahA ki ve dakSa haiM, kuzala haiM, AsuprajJa haiM, anaMtajJAnI, sarvadarzI, bhUtiprajJa Adi sabhI kucha haiN| sudaMsaNassesa jaso girissa, paMkuccatI mahato pavvatassa / etovame samaNe nAyaputte, jAti-jato dNsnn-nnaannsiile|| 6/14 / / ve vaizAlika, trizalAnaMdana, jJAtaputra - "khattINa sehe jaha daMtavakke, isINa seDhe taha vaDDhamANe" haiN| (6/22) / bhagavatI, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathAMga, kalpasUtra Adi ardhamAgadhI ke sUtra-grantha mahAvIra ke dharma-darzana ke rahasya kA udghATana karate haiN| buddha ke vinayapiTaka, majjhi-nikAya, dIrghanikAya, mahAparinivvANa, pAsAdika, suttanipAta Adi meM mahAvIra ke jIvana kA vivecana hai| ___ bhAratIya sAMskRtika-mUlyoM kI sthApanA meM mahAvIra kA apUrva-yogadAna hai| unakI sUjha-bUjha ke phalasvarUpa hI tatkAlIna samAja meM vyApta hiMsaka-pravRttiyoM ko virAma diyA gyaa| unhoMne sabhI ko eka-sUtra meM jor3ane kA kArya kiyaa| unake samakAlIna kezakaMbalI, makkhalI-gozAlaka, pakuddha-kaccAyana, pUraNa-kazyapa, saMjaya velaTThiputta aura tathAgata buddha bhI the| jitane dina utane hI mata-matAntaroM ke bIca mahAvIra dharma aura darzana kI svasthya paramparA ko dene meM samartha hue| unhe suvyavasthita karane ke lie Adarza samanvaya kI vyavasthA dii| ve svayaM prayogavAdI bane, jisase anugamanazIla ko gati hI gati, pragati hI pragati aura sAmAjika dharAtala ko ucca-Adarza kI AdhyAtmika-dRr3hatA bhI prApta huii| jIvana-kalA - jIvana jIne kI kalA bhI mahAvIra ke prAkRta-sAhitya meM isake liye vinaya, vairAgya, saMyama, iMdriya-nigraha, manonigraha, rAga-dveSa Adi kI vijaya bhI Avazyaka hai| 00 108 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'viNae Thavejja appANaM, icchaMto hiymppgo| - (uttarAdhyayanasUtra 1/6) hitecchuka vinaya meM sthita ho, tAki 'sIlaM paDilabhejjao' zIla kI ora agrasara hote rhe| vairAgya - 'mANusatte asArammi, vAhirogANa Alae' Adi kA bodha karAtA hai| saMyama - 'mavAsaMjame vaisaMjame kAyasaMjame uvgrnnsNjme|' - (sthA. 4/2) ko nigraha para bala detaa| yadi zramaNa haiM, to 'sayaNe a jaNe a samo, samo a mANAvamANesu' - (anu. 132) mAna-apamAna Adi meM samabhAva rkheN| 'uvasamasAraM khu sAmaNNaM / - (vRhatkalpa 1/35) zramaNatva kA sAra upazama hai| 'kAlaM aNavakaMkhamANe vihri| - (upAsakadazAMga 1/73) AtmArthI-sAdhaka kAle ke Ane para anapekSa banA rahatA hai| dharma-darzana :- mahAvIra kA dharmadarzana mAnavIya-mUlyoM kI sthApanA karatA hai, vaha abhAva hai, durAgraha, du:kha, azAnti, anAcAra Adi se dUra, bahuta dUra le jAtA hI nahIM; apitu unase pRthaka hI kara detA hai| vaha 'jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA paDiniyattaI ahamma kuNamANassa, aphalA 'jaMti raainno|' - (utta. 14/24) se pRthak saphalatA jaMti rAiNo' --- (utta. 14/25) kA udghoSa detA hai| 'Ayatule payAsu' - jaisA 'sUtrakRtAMga' kA sUtra bhI de jAtA hai aura isa bAta kI zikSA de jAtA hai ki 'Atma-tulya bhAva' ho tAki sabhI prANI sukhI raha skeN| 'appaNA saccamesijjA' -- (utta. 6/2) yahI apane satya arthAt Atmavizuddha-mArga kI ora le jA sakatA hai| NANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe aNNANamohassa vivjjnnaae| rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNaM egaMta saoNkkhaM samuvei mokkhaM / / -(utta. 32/2) sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAza se, ajJAna aura moha ke tyAga se, rAga-dveSa ke kSaya se vyakti anaMtasukha-rUpa mokSa prApta kara letA hai| zikSA aura vyavahAra : --- manuSya ko manuSya, manuSya janma kI sArthakatA, bhASA viveka, viSayabhoga-vimukti, ajJAna, pramAda kI samApti Adi prAkRta-sAhitya meM hai| isameM hai. kadhaM care kadhaM ciTTe kadhamAse kadhaM se| kadhaM bhujejja bhAsejja kadhaM pAvaM Na bjjhdi|| 70 / / artha :- kisa prakAra calanA cAhiye yA AcaraNa karanA cAhiye, kisa prakAra ThaharanA cAhiye, kaise baiThanA cAhiye, kisa prakAra sonA cAhiye, kaise bhojana karanA cAhiye aura kisa prakAra bhASaNa karanA cAhiye, jisase ki pApa kA bandha na ho? jadaM care jadaM ciTTe janamAse jadaM se| jadaM bhuMjejja bhAsejja evaM pAvaM Na bajjhadi / / 71 / / artha :- yatnapUrvaka calanA cAhiye, yatnapUrvaka ThaharanA cAhiye, yatnapUrvaka baiThanA cAhiye, yatnapUrvaka sonA cAhiye, bhojana karanA cAhiye aura yatnapUrvaka bhASaNa karanA cAhiye, isaprakAra pApa kA bandha nahIM hotaa|| 71 / / prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 109 Page #112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahAvIra kI acelaka - paramparA - zrImatI maMjUSA seThI yaha eka vyApaka UhApoha kA viSaya banA huA hai, ki bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA mUlata: 'sacelaka' thI yA 'acelaka' ? apane-apane sampradAya ke loga apanI mAnyatAnusAra prarUpaNa karate haiM, kintu sAmAnyajana aura Aja ke naI pIr3hI ke loga satya aura tathya ko niSpakSa - rIti se pramANoM ke Aloka meM jAnanA cAhate haiM / prastuta Alekha meM viduSI - lekhikA ne yathAsaMbhava zrama aura anusaMdhAnapUrvaka tathyAtmaka rIti se isa sambandha meM pratipAdana kiyA hai / AzA hai prAkRtavidyA ke jijJAsu pAThakavRnda isa Alekha ko apanI sUkSmadRSTi se parakhakara ucita dizAbodha prApta kara sakeMge / -sampAdaka "Naggo hi moMkkhamaggo" arthAt nAgnya hI mokSamArga hai| AcArya kundakunda dvArA kathita, paraMtu pUrvaparamparA se calate Ae isa mArga para anekoM sAdhu agrasara the, agrasara haiM, agrasara rheNge| kevala vastroM kA tyAga karane se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai kyA? AcArya kahate haiM jaise 'tAla' zabda se sabhI vanaspatiyA~ kahI jAtI haiN| 'tAla kA phala nahIM khAnA cAhie' -- aisA kahane para 'sabhI vanaspatiyoM kA phala nahIM khAU~gA' - aisA jAnA jAtA hai isItaraha vastra ke tyAga se sabhI taraha ke parigraha kA tyAga hotA hai / antarbAhya se pUrNadigambara hu binA nirgranthatva kI pUrNatA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai / I acelaka paramparA :- mahAvIra se pahale tathA mahAvIra ke bAda calI A rahI jo paramparA Aja taka khaMDita nahIM huI hai, vaha hai acelakatA / jise jaina dharma ke Adipravarttaka RSabhadeva bhagavAn se lekara mahAvIra - paryaMta sabhI tIrthakaroM ne isI ko mokSamArga kA sAdhana mAnakara apanAyA aura mokSa kI prApti kI / mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI gautama svAmI, AcArya bhadrabAhu, AcArya kundakunda AcArya pUjyapAda, AcArya umAsvAmI se lekara AcArya zAMtisAgara, AcArya dezabhUSaNa, AcArya vimalasAgara, AcArya vidyAnanda, AcArya vardhamAnasAgara Adi anekoM sAdhuoM ne isa paramparA kA gaurava bar3hAyA hai| hamAre pUjanIya, Adara muni isa acelakatva kA kaThora pAlana karate hai / inake AcaraNa se inakA tapa meM aTUTa- - vizvAsa prakaTa hotA haiM / adhyAtma kA sahArA lekara mokSamArga kI ora agrasara honevAle ye sAdhu calate-phirate dharma haiM, inake roma-roma meM dharma hai, inakI pratyeka kriyA meM dharma hai / 110 prAkRtavidyA + janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahAvIra kA zAsana :- "saMyama-mArga meM pravRtti karanevAle jisase samartha banate haiM, vaha kalpa' kahalAtA hai|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bheda-prabheda sahita do prakAra kA kalpa' muniyoM ke lie batAyA hai- (1) jinakalpa, (2) sthvirklp| 1.jinakalpa -- bAhyAbhyaMtara-parigraha se rahita, sneha-rahita, nispRhI, jina ke samAna (tIrthaMkara ke samAna) vicaraNa karate haiM, aise hI zramaNa jinakalpa' meM sthita kahalAte haiM, 'jinakalpa' isa samaya vicchinna ho cukA hai| 2. sthavirakalpa- yaha do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| sthitakalpa aura asthitklp| prathama aura antima-tIrthaMkara kA zAsana sthitakalpa' aura zeSa 22 tIrthaMkara kA zAsana 'asthitakalpa' hai| isa samaya antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA zAsana hai| inake zAsana meM 'sthitakalpa' kahA jAtA hai| yaha dasa prakAra hai "aacelkkuddesiyseNjjaahrraaypiNddkiriymme| vadajeTThapaDikkamaNe mAsaM pjjosvnnkppo||" _-(bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 423) artha :- "Acelakya, auddezika kA tyAga, zayyAgRha kA tyAga, rAjapiNDa kA tyAga, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSThatA, mAsa aura paryuSaNA --ye dasa sthitakalpa' haiN|" muniyoM kI cAritrazuddhi ke hetuoM kA kathana karate hue AcArya vaTTekara-praNIta 'mUlAcAra' meM cAra prakAra ke liMga kA vivecana kiyA hai| isameM bhI acelatA ko prathama-sthAna diyA hai "accelakkaM loco vosaTTasarIradA ya paDilihaNaM / eso hu liMgakappo caduvidho hodi nnaadvvo||" - (mUlAcAra 910) artha :- nagnatva, loca, zarIrasaMskArahInatA aura picchikA yaha cAra prakAra kA liMgabheda jAnanA caahie| aise aneka udAharaNa AgamazAstra meM diye gaye haiM, jisase acelatA kA mahattva prakaTa hotA hai| ... Acelakya-- jisake cela' arthAt vastra na ho, vaha 'acela' kahalAtA hai| acela kA bhAva Acelakya yA acelatA hai| sAmAnyata: 'cela' vastra ko kahate haiM; kintu yahA~ 'cela' kA grahaNa parigraha' kA upalakSaNa hai, ata: samasta parigraha ke tyAga ko 'Acelakya' kahate haiN| jaba Acelakya kA bAta AtI hai, to eka savAla khar3A ho jAtA hai - kyA zvetAMbarapaMthI mahAvIra ke anuyAyI nahIM hai| jainadharma ke mukhyata: do saMpradAya hai-- digambara aura shvetaambr| donoM hI paMthoM ke sAdhu parigrahatyAga-mahAvrata ke dhArI kahe gaye haiN| kevala acelatA ke kAraNa hI donoM meM mukhya-bheda paidA huA hai| digambara-sAdhu to nagna rahate haiN| nagnatA unake mUlaguNoM meM se eka hai; kintu zvetAmbara-sAdhu vastra dhAraNa karate haiM aura vastra ko saMyama prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 10 111 Page #114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kA sAdhana mAnate haiN| yadyapi 'AcArAMga' meM kahA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra pravrajita hone ke teraha mahIne pazcAta nagna ho gye| 'sthAnAMga' meM mahAvIra ke mukha se kahalAyA hai--"mae samaNANa acelate dhamme pnnnntte|" arthAt maiMne zramaNoM ke lie acelatA-dharma kahA hai| 'dazavaikAlika' meM bhI nagnatA kA ullekha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra' meM nagnatA ko 'chaThA-pariSaha' kahA hai| kinta uttarakAlIna TIkAkAroM ne acelatA kA abhiprAya alpamUlya ke malina, jIrNa aura pramANayukta vastroM kA dhAraNa kare --aisA kiyaa| ___ Acelakya ke lAbha--- digambara-AmnAya ke Agama meM to Acelakya ke aneka lAbha ginAye haiM, paraMtu zvetAmbara AmnAya ke Agama sthAnAMgasUtra' meM bhI nagnatA ke aneka lAbha batAye haiM, jaise alpa-pratilekhanA, lAghava, vizvAsa kA rUpa, jinarUpatA kA pAlana aadi| donoM AmnAyoM ke Agama meM ullikhita-lAbhoM ke sAtha-sAtha acelatA se saMkSepa se dasaprakAra ke dharmo kA kathana hotA hai| vaha kisa prakAra ise dekhate haiM (i) uttama kSamA- acela ke adatta kA tyAga bhI sampUrNa hotA hai, kyoMki parigraha kI icchA hone para binA dI huI vastu ke grahaNa karane meM pravRtti hotI hai, anyathA nahIM hotii| tathA rAga Adi kA tyAga hone para bhAvoM kI vizuddhi banI rahatI hai| parigraha ke nimitta se krodha hotA hai| parigraha ke abhAva meM uttama kSamA' rahatI hai| (ii) uttama mArdava-- 'maiM suMdara hU~, saMpanna hU~' - ityAdi mada acela ke nahIM hote, ata: usake 'mArdava' bhI hotA hai| (iii) uttama Arjava-- acela apane bhAva ko binA kisI chala-kapaTa ko prakaTa karatA hai, ata: usake 'Arjava dharma' bhI hotA hai; kyoMki mAyA ke mala parigraha kA usane tyAga kiyA (iv) uttama satya- jo parigraha-rahita hotA hai, vaha satyadharma meM bhI samyaka rUpa se sthita hotA hai| kyoMki parigraha ke nimitta hI dUsare se jhUTha bolanA hotA hai| bAhya-parigraha kSetra Adi tathA abhyantara-parigraha rAgAdi ke bhAva meM jhUTha bolane kA kAraNa nahIM hai| ata: bolane para acela-muni satya hI bolatA hai| isase 'satya-dharma' kA pAlana hotA hai| (v) uttama zauca dharma- lobha-kaSAya ke abhAva meM hotA hai| lobha sabhI pApoM ko karAnevAlA hai| AzA, icchArUpI pAza bhayAnaka-duHkhoM ko denevAlA hai, ata: saMtoSa ko dhAraNa karanevAle jIva sukha ko prApta karate haiN| isa jIva kI zucitA (pavitratA) zIla, japa, tapa, jJAna, dhyAna ke prabhAva se hotI hai| hamezA gaMgA, yamunA Adi nadiyoM meM evaM samudra meM bhI sthAna karane se zucitA arthAt pavitratA nahIM hotA, kyoMki isa zarIra kA svabhAva hI apavitra hai| yaha Upara to atyaMta nirmala dikhAtA hai, paraMtu isake aMdara mala bharA huA hai --aise zarIra ko kisaprakAra pavitra kahA jA sakatA hai? jinakA zarIra to malina hai, para jo guNoM ke bhaMDAra 40 112 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #115 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hai --aise mahAvratI-sAdhu hI isa 'zauca-guNa' ko prApta karate haiN| (vi) saMyama- acelakatA meM saMyama kI zuddhi eka eka guNa hai| acela kA sampUrNa AcaraNa hI saMyamita hotA hai| hara kriyA meM saMyama hotA hai| pasInA, dhUli aura maila se lipta vastra meM usI yonivAle aura usake Azraya se rahanevAle trasa-jIva tathA sUkSma aura sthUlajIva utpanna hote hai, usa vastra dhAraNa karane se unako bAdhA pahu~catI hai| yadi kahoge ki "aise jIvoM se saMbaddha vastra ko alaga kara deMge", to bhI unakI hiMsA hogI, kyoMki unheM alaga kara dene se ve vahA~ mara jaayeNge| jIvoM se yukta vastra dhAraNa karanevAle ke uThane, baiThane, sone, vastra ko phAr3ane, kATane, bA~dhane, veSTita karane, dhone, kUTane aura dhUpa meM DAlane para jIvoM ko bAdhA hone se mahAn asaMyama hotA hai| jo acela hotA hai, usake isaprakAra kA asaMyama na hone se 'saMyama' kI vizuddhi hotI hai| (vii) tapa-- hara prakAra ke bhaugolika, prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa meM sAdhu apane Apako rakhatA hai| sardI, garmI, vAyu Adi ke viSamatama-paristhiti kA sAmanA karanA hI apane Apa meM bahuta bar3A tapa hai| parigraha se mukta hone se zIta, uSNa, DA~sa, macchara Adi pariSahoM ko sAdhu sahatA hai| ata: vastra-tyAga ko svIkAra karane se ghora tapa' hotA hai| (viii) tyAga-- dazadharmoM meM 'tyAga' nAmaka eka dharma hai| samasta parigraha se virati ko tyAga kahate hai, vahI acelatA bhI hai| ata: hamAre sAdhu 'tyAga' nAmaka dharma meM pravRtta hote haiN| kyoMki mAyA ke mUla 'parigraha' kA usane tyAga kiyA hai| bAhya vastra Adi parigraha kA tyAga abhyaMtara-parigraha ke tyAga kA mUla hai| (ix) AkiMcanya-- parigraha ke 24 bheda haiM, unakA tyAga (vyavahAra AkiMcanya) hamAre sAdhu karate haiM aura tRSNAbhAva ko naSTa karate haiM (nizcaya aakiNcny)| parigraha cintA, du:kha ke hI paryAya hai| jaise choTI-sI phA~sa bhI pUre zarIra ko duHkhI kara detI hai, usIprakAra laMgoTI kA AvaraNa yA laMgoTI ki cAha du:kha ko denevAlI hotI hai| aura hamAre sAdhu acela rahakara samatA aura sukha ko prApta kara lete haiN| (x) brahmacarya-- acelakatA kA mahattvapUrNa guNa hai 'iMdriyoM ko jItanA' / sAdhu vyavahArabrahmacarya aura nizcaya-brahmacarya donoM meM hI tatpara rahate haiN| rAga Adi kA tyAga hone para bhAvoM kI vizuddhirUpa brahmacarya bhI atyaMta-vizuddha hotA hai| sarpo se bhare jaMgala meM vidyA-maMtra Adi se rahita puruSa dRr3ha-prayatna se khUba sAvadhAna rahatA hai| usIprakAra jo acela hotA hai, vaha bhI iMndriyoM ko vaza karane kA pUrA prayatna karatA hai| aisA na karane para zarIra meM vikAra huA, to lajjita honA par3atA hai| * acelakatA ke urvarita-guNoM ke alAvA bhI aneka guNa acela ke hote haiM, jinake kAraNa unakA vyaktittva prabhAvazAlI hotA hai, tathA logoM kA unake prati Adara, vizvAsa kaI gunA bar3hatA hai| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 113 Page #116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ __ acelatA meM kaSAya kA abhAva hai, coroM ke Dara se vastra ko chipAne se mAyAcAra hotA hai athavA coroM ke Dara se yA dhokhA dene ke lie kumArga se jAnA par3atA hai yA jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3a meM chipanA hotA hai| mere pAsa vastra hai' aisA ahaMkAra hotA hai| yadi koI balapUrvaka vastra chIne, to usake sAtha kalaha hotA hai| vastra-lAbha hone se lobha hotA hai| isaprakAra vastra dhAraNa karanevAloM ke ye doSa hai| vastra tyAgakara acela hone para isaprakAra ke doSa utpanna nahIM haiM tathA dhyAna-svAdhyAya meM kisI prakAra kA vighna nahIM hotaa| __ acela ke saMbaMdha meM batAte hue AcArya ne kahA hai-- "jaise dhAna ke chilake ko dUra karanA usake abhyaMtara-mala ko dUra karane kA upAya hai| binA chilake kA dhAna niyama se zuddha hotA hai; kintu jisa para chilakA lagA hai, usakI zuddhi niyama se nahIM hotI hai|" ____ acelatA meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva eka guNa hai; jo vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha mana ke priya-vastra se rAga karatA hai aura mana ko apriya-vastra se dveSa karatA hai| acelatA meM svAdhInatA bhI eka guNa hai, kyoMki dezAntara Adi meM sahAyaka kI pratIkSA nahIM karanI pdd'tii| samasta parigraha kA tyAgI picchI mAtra lekara pakSI kI taraha cala detA hai| acelatA meM nirbhayatA guNa hai| cora Adi merA kyA hara leMge, kyoM ve mujhe mAreMge yA bA~dhege? kintu savastra DaratA hai aura jo DaratA hai, vaha kyA nahIM karatA? sarvatra vizvAsa hI acelatA kA guNa hai| jisake pAsa koI parigraha nahIM, vaha kisI para bhI zaMkA nahIM krtaa| kintu jo savastra hai, vaha to mArga meM calanevAle pratyeka vyakti para athavA anya kisI ko dekhakara usa para vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| __isaprakAra vastra meM doSa aura acelatA meM aparimita-guNa hone se acelatA hI vaha mahattvapUrNa-sIr3hI hai, jo ki mokSa taka pahu~cA sakatI hai aura janma-maraNa ke du:kha-bhare cakravyUha se bacA sakatI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke mArga kA AcaraNa karanA bhI acelakatA kA guNa hai| saMhanana aura bala se pUrNa tathA mukti ke mArga kA upadeza dene meM tatpara sabhI tIrthaMkara acela the tathA bhaviSya meM bhI acela hI hoMge "Naggassa ya muMDassa ya dIhaloma-Nakhassa y| mehaNAdo virattassa kiM vibhUsA krissdi||" - (dazavaikAlika sUtra) artha :- nagna, muNDita aura dIrgha nakha aura romavAle, maithuna se virakta-sAdhu ko AbhUSaNoM se kyA prayojana hai? aise sabhI trikAlavartI acela sAdhuoM ko zata-zata vaMdana! karmanAza aura jJAnaprakAza 'jJAna dIpa tapa-tela bhari, ghara zodhaiM bhrama chor| yA vidha bina nikasaiM nahIM, baiThe pUrava cor|| 00 114 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #117 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nArI-jAgaraNa ke kSetra meM bhagavAnmahAvIra kAyogadAna --pro. DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina Aja hama sabhI bhUmaNDalIkaraNa ke yuga meM jIvana-yApana kara rahe haiN| sUcanA-takanIkI (Information Technology) ke kAraNa Aja sArA vizva eka choTe-se dAyare meM simaTasA gayA hai| aise samaya meM nArI-cetanA aura nArI-vikAsa kI dizA meM bhI AmUla-cUla parivartana huA hai| kala taka ghara kI cAra-dIvArI meM banda rahanevAlI nAriyA~ Aja puruSoM ke sAtha kadama se kadama milAkara kArya kara rahI hai| cAhe yaha prazAsana kA kSetra ho, nyAyAlayoM kA kSetra ho, athavA rAjanIti yA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa kA yA sAmAjika-sevA kA, koI bhI kArya-kSetra unase achUtA nahIM bacA hai| asambhava se asambhava-kAryoM kI bAgaDora bhI unhoMne sambhAla lene kA sAhasa baTora liyA hai| nArI-cetanA kA yaha rUpa anAyAsa hI prasphuTita nahIM huA hai, balki Aja se 2600 varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI kramAgata-paramparA ke anusAra nArI-jAgaraNa aura nArI-svatantratA kI jo jyoti jagAI thI, usI kA yaha prasphuTana hai| jaina-saMskRti meM nAriyoM ko nirantara hI garimApUrNa-sthAna prApta rahA hai| unakI svatantratA mAtra saiddhAntika na hokara vyAvahArika bhI rahI hai| yadi prAcIna jaina-sAhitya para dRSTi DAlI jAye, to Adya-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne apane putroM ke sAtha-sAtha apanI putriyoMbrAhmI evaM sundarI ko bhI samAnarUpa se zikSA pradAna kI thI, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne jJAna-vijJAna aura kalA ke kSetra meM pragati kara apanI pratibhA se sabhI ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA thaa| rAjakumArI brAhmI ke nAma para hI vizvaprasiddha prAcIna-lipi kA nAmakaraNa bhI brAhmI-lipi kiyA gayA, jisameM samrATa azoka, kaliMgAdhipati jaina-samrAT khAravela tathA paravartI aneka zAsakoM ke dharmalekha upalabdha haiN| pUrvakAla meM sAmAjika, dhArmika aura Arthika kSetroM meM bhI putra aura putrI meM koI bhedabhAva nahIM thA; kintu kAla ke duSprabhAva se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga Ate-Ate puruSoM kI manodazA meM bahuta-parivartana A gayA unake kAla meM nArI kI dazA atyanta-zocanIya ho gaI thii| use eka tuccha-dAsI ke samAna samajhA jAne lagA thaa| khuleAma usakA kraya-vikraya kiyA jAne lagA thaa| usake adhikAroM kI avahelanA kI jA rahI thii| use zikSA se bhI vaMcita prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 115 Page #118 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kara diyA gayA thaa| vaha lAcAra aura parAdhIna ho gaI thii| dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM puruSa kI barAbarI se bhAga lenA usake liye niSiddha thA aura sarvatra "strI-zUdrau nAdhIyatAm" kA niyama kaThoratA ke sAtha lAgU kiyA jA rahA thaa| mAnava-samAja ke ardhabhAga kA pratinidhitva karanevAle nArI-samAja ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaba isaprakAra pratAr3ita aura zoSita dekhA, jo unhoMne nArI-svatantratA aura usake samatva kI ghoSaNA hI nahIM kI, apitu usakI vyAvahArika-kSetra meM avatAraNA bhI kii| jaisAki pIche kahA jA cukA hai ki Adi-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne putra evaM putriyoM ko samAna mAnA, unheM samAnAdhikAra diye, samAja ke pratyeka kSetra meM nArI ko pratiSThita kiyA aura isaprakAra svastha-samAja kA nirmANa kiyaa| yahI paramparA Age bhI jArI rhii| balki unake saMghoM meM puruSoM kI apekSA mahilAoM kI saMkhyA hI adhika rhii| hamAre prAcIna AcAryoM ne isa paramparA kA varNana vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai, jisakI saMkSipta-jhAMkI nimnalikhita mAnacitra se mila sakatI hai tIrthaMkara sAdhuoM kI sAdhviyoM kI zrAvakoM kI zrAvikAoM nAma saMkhyA saMkhyA saMkhyA kI saMkhyA 1. AdinAtha 84000 350000 3 lAkha 5 lAkha ajitanAtha 100000 330000 3. sambhavanAtha 200000 330000 4. abhinandananAtha 300000 330600 5. sumatinAtha 320000 330000 6. padmaprabhu 330000 420000 7. supArzvanAtha 300000 330000 8. candraprabhu 250000 380000 9. puSpadanta 200000 390000 2 lAkha 4 lAkha 10. zItalanAtha 100000 380000 11. zreyAMsanAtha 84000 130000 12. vAsupUjya 72000 106000 13. vimalanAtha / 68000 1030000 14. anantanAtha 66000 108000 15. dharmanAtha 64000 62400 16. zAntinAtha 62000 60300 17. kunthunAtha 60000 60350 1 lAkha 3 lAkha 18. aranAtha 50000 60000 19. mallinAtha 40000 55000 20. munisuvratanAtha 30000 50000 00 116 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 21. naminAtha 20000 45000 22. neminAtha 18000 40000 23. pArzvanAtha 16000 38000 24. mahAvIra 14000 36000 vaizAlI kI mahAvIrakAlIna rAjakumArI candanabAlA, jo ber3I meM jakar3I huI eka krItadAsI kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahI thI, use bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dAsatA se hI mukta nahIM kiyA; apitu use apane caturvidha-saMgha meM dIkSita kara sAdhviyoM kI pradhAna bhI bnaayaa| yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nArI ke prati ucca-sammAna kI bhAvanA kA hI pratiphala thA ki unake saMgha meM jahA~ sAdhugaNa 14000 the, vahIM sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA 36000 thI aura zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA jahA~ 1 lAkha thI, vahIM zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA 3 lAkha thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nAriyoM ke jIvana meM jAgaraNa kI aisI krAnti utpanna kI, jisane tuccha, hIna evaM abodha samajhI jAnevAlI abalAoM meM bhI ucca-bhAvanAoM ko ubuddha kara diyaa| kozA, sulasA, jayantI, zIlavatI, anantamatI, rohiNI aura revatI Adi aisI hI prabuddha mahilAyeM thIM, jo kisI bhI mahArathI vidvAn se binA kisI jhijhaka ke zAstrArtha kara sakatI thIM aura apanI pratibhA-cAturya se ve unheM niruttara kara sakatI thiiN| ___bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nArI-jAgaraNa kI yaha paramparA unake bAda lagabhaga 1500 varSoM taka abAdhagati se calatI rhii| bhArata meM aneka jaina mahilAyeM aisI bhI haIM, jinhoMne apanI AdhyAtmika unnati ke sAtha sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM apane deza kI surakSA evaM rAjanaitika utthAna meM puruSoM ke sAtha sahabhAgitA kA anupama paricaya diyA, jisakI vistArapUrvaka carcA 9vIMsadI se lekara 16vIM sadI ke zilAlekhoM eMva grantha-prazastiyoM meM upalabdha hai| aMga-campA kI mahArAnI padmAvatI, mayaNasuMdarI, rayaNamaMjUSA, kamalazrI, subhadrA tathA dakSiNa bhArata kI mahAsatI attibhavve, sAviyavve, jakkiyavve, kavi kantI Adi pramukha haiN| zrAvikA attibhavve (10vIM sadI) na kevala karnATaka kI apitu, samasta mahilA-jagat ke gaurava kI pratIka haiN| yaha vIrAMganA mahAsenApati mallapa kI putrI aura mahAdaNDanAyaka vIra nAgadeva kI patnI thii| usane apane zIla-sadAcAra, akhaNDa-pAtivratya dharma aura jinendra-bhakti meM aDiga-AsthA ke phalasvarUpa godAvarI nadI meM AI huI pralayaMkArI-bAr3ha ke prakopa ko bhI zAnta kara diyA thA aura usameM phaMse hue apane pati ke sAtha-sAtha saikar3oM vIra sainikoM ko vaha surakSita vApisa le AI thii| ukta attibhavve svayaM to viduSI thI hI, usane AgrahapUrvaka suprasiddha mahAkavi ranna (ratnAkara) se 'ajitanAtha purANa' kI racanA apane hI Azraya meM rakhakara karavAI thii| usane ubhayabhASAcakravartI' ponna-kRta zAntinAtha purANa' kI 1000 pratilipiyA~ karAkara vibhinna-zAstrabhaNDAroM meM vitarita kara surakSita karAI thiiN| yahI nahIM, usane svarNa, maNi-maNikya, hIrA Adi kI 1500 bhavya mUrtiyA~ banavAkara bhI vibhinna jinAlayoM meM prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 40 117 Page #120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pratiSThita karAyIM thiiN| apane inhIM udAra evaM preraka-satkAryoM ke kAraNa vaha sarvatra 'dAnacintAmaNi' ke nAma se prasiddha thI / mahAn kaviyitrI kantI devI ( 12vIM sadI) una viduSI - lekhikAoM meM se thI, jisane sAhitya evaM samAja ke kSetra meM bahuAyAmI - kArya kiye the / vaha dorasamudra ke rAjA ballAla (dvitIya) kI vidvatsabhA kI sammAnita viduSI kaviyitrI thI / kannar3a mahAkavi bAhubali ne maMgala- lakSmI, zubhaguNacaritA, abhinava - vAgdevI Adi aneka viruda - prazastiyoM dvArA use sammAnita kiyA hai / vIrAMganA sAviyavve zrAvaka - ziromaNi vIramArtaNDa mahAsenApati cAmuNDarAya (siddhAntacakravartI nemicandrAcArya ke ziSya) kI samakAlIna thI / usake pati kA nAma loka-vidyAdhara thaa| eka ora to vaha apane pati ke sAtha yuddha - kSetra meM jAkara vIratApUrvaka raNa- jauhara dikhalAtI thI aura dUsarI ora atirikta samayoM meM vaha naiSThika zrAvikA - vratAcAra kA pAlana karatI thI / zravaNabelagola kI bAhubali - vasati meM pUrva dizA kI ora eka pASANa meM aM eka dRzya meM usI sAviyavve ko hAthI para savAra eka yoddhA para asi - prahAra karate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai / usI pASANa meM TaMkita lekha meM isa vIrAMganA ko revatI rAnI jaisI pakkI zrAvikA, sItA jaisI pativratA, devakI jaisI rUpavatI, arundhatI jaisI dharmapriyA aura jinendra-bhakta batalAyA gayA hai / pampAdevI (12vIM sadI) vikramAditya - sAntara kI bar3I bahina thI / usake dvArA nirmApita evaM citrita aneka caityAlayoM ke kAraNa usakI yazogAthA kA sarvatra gAna hotA thA / kannar3a ke mahAkaviyoM ne usake caritra-citraNa ke prasaMga meM pramudita hokara kahA hai ki 'AdinAthacarita' kA zravaNa kI pampAdevI ke karNaphUla, caturvidhadAna hI usake hastakaMkaNa tathA jinastavana hI usakA kaNThahAra thaa| isa puNyacaritrA pampA ne urvitilaka - jinAlaya kA nirmANa chane hue prAsuka-jala se kevala eka mAsa ke bhItara hI karAkara use bar3I hI dhUmadhAma ke sAtha pratiSThita karAyA thaa| pampAdevI svayaM paNDitA bhI thI / usane kannar3a bhASA meM 'aSTavidhArcana - mahAbhiSeka' evaM 'caturbhakti' nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| bIsavIM sadI ke svatantratA Andolana meM bhI jaina nAriyoM ne bar3ha-car3hakara apanI sahabhAgitA darja kI thii| unhoMne golI kI bauchAreM bhI sahIM aura jela kI salAkhoM ke pIche banda bhI rahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nArI - vikAsa ko jisaprakAra pratiSThita kiyA thA, sadiyoM se usIprakAra usane viparIta paristhitiyoM ke bIca bhI apanI sAdhanA, lagana, niSThA aura dhArmika AcaraNa se use uttarottara vRddhiMgata kiyA hai / yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra koI rAjanayika - puruSa nahIM the, unake hAtha meM aisA zAsana-tantra bhI nahIM thA ki jisake AdhAra para koI orDinensa ( ordinance) jArI karake mahilAoM 118 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ke uddhAra ke viSaya meM koI niyama-kAnUna gddh'te| unake pAsa topa-talavAra bhI nahIM thI, jisakA puruSoM ko bhaya dikhAkara ve nAriyoM kA uddhAra krte| unake hAtha meM to mAtra eka hI bala thA - Atmabala, dRr3ha icchAzakti tathA tyAga aura tapasyA kA camatkAra, usI se unhoMne logoM kA hRdaya-parivartana kiyA aura usI se unhoMne nArI kA uddhAra kiyaa| isaprakAra maiMne bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA Urjasvita evaM jAgRta nArI-samAja ke viSaya meM carcA kii| jaina-saMskRti evaM itihAsa ke kSetra meM unake bahuAyAmI saMracanAtmaka-yogadAnoM ke kAraNa unhoMne samAja evaM rASTra ko aura gaurava pradAna kiyA hai, vaha pichalI ar3hAI sahasrAbdiyoM kA eka svarNima adhyAya hai| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki yadi koI zodhArthI chAtra yA chAtrA isa dhairyasAdhya-kSetra meM vizvavidyAlaya-stara kA vistataM zodhakArya kareM, to usase atItakAlIna jaina nArI-samAja ke rASTra ke nirmANa meM yogadAna-sambandhI vipula-sAmagrI prakAza meM A sakegI, jo agalI pIr3hI ke liye prakAzastambha kA kArya kregii| ** jaya jinendra Aja se lagabhaga 175 varSa pUrva vikrama saMvat 1884 meM jyeSTha kRSNA paMcamI maMgalavAra ko kavivara paM. vRndAvanadAsajI ne kAzI se dIvAna amaracandajI ko jayapura patra likhA thaa| isameM unhoMne patra ke prArambha meM dIvAna sAhaba ko 'jaya jinendra' kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai "vRndAvana tumako kahata, zrImata jayati jinanda / kAzIteM so bAMciyo, amaracanda sukhakanda / / " - (vandAvana-vilAsa) __ aura itanA hI nahIM, anta meM unhoMne puna: RSabhadAsa, ghAsIrAma Adi samAja ke anya pramukha paMca logoM ko bhI 'jaya jinendra' kahakara hI abhivAdana kiyA hai-- "riSabhadAsa puni ghaasiiraam| aura paMca je suguna-nidhAna / / vigati vigati zrI jayati jinaMda / kahiyau sabasauM dhari Ananda / / " -(vahI) isasa spaSTa hotA hai ki vartamAna meM jo pArasparika abhinandana-abhivAdana-hetu 'jayajinendra' kahane kA vyavahAra pracalita hai, vaha koI ekadama naI-paripATI nahIM hai, apitu kama se kama do sau varSa prAcIna avazya hai| khoja karane para aura bhI prAcIna-pramANa prApta ho sakate haiN| mahAvIra-vandanA "saMsAradAvAnalaM meghanIraM sammohadhUlIharaNe samIram / mAyArasAdAraNasArasIraM namAmi vIraM girirAjadhIram / / 4 / / " prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 119 Page #122 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samrAda azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha mahAvIra-paramparA ke poSaka tatva ___-DaoN0 zazi prabhA jaina prAcIna-abhilekhoM kA mahattva mAtra aitihAsika-dRSTi se hI nahIM, varan rAjanaitika, bhaugolika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, dArzanika evaM naitika-dRSTiyoM se bhI hotA hai; kyoMki unameM tatkAlIna saMskRti, samAja, dharma, prazAsana evaM naitika mahattva ke prasaMga Adi prAya: varNita milate haiN| kaI bAra inameM prayukta koI zabda-vizeSa bhI itihAsa, saMskRti, darzana evaM dharma kI mahattvapUrNa-gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM behada-upayogI hotA hai| sAtha hI abhilekha likhanevAle vyakti-vizeSa ke itivRtta evaM mAnasikatA kA to ve spaSTarUpa se prakAzana karate hI haiN| ina sandarbho meM yadi azoka ke zilAlekhoM evaM stambha-lekhoM kA adhyayana evaM vizleSaNa kareM, to inameM hameM azoka ke samaya ke itihAsa evaM prazAsana kA to jJAna hotA hI hai; para mukhyata: ye 'dhammalipi' yA 'dhammAnuzAsana' hone ke kAraNa usake 'dhamma'-sambandhI vicAroM evaM siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| azoka ne inheM 'dhamma-lipi' isIlie kahA hai; kyoMki ina sabameM pratyakSa athavA apratyakSarUpa se dhamma-sambandhI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| prAya: sabhI abhilekhoM meM usane 'dhamma' zabda kI punarAvRtti dhammadAna, dhammaghoSa, dhammabherI, dhammamaMgala, dhammasaMvibhAga, dhammarati Adi rUpoM meM kI hai| parantu azoka ke abhilekhoM meM varNita 'dhamma' zabda tathA dhamma-saMbaMdhI azoka ke vicAroM ko samajhane se pUrva hameM azoka kI pArivArika-pRSThabhUmi ko samajhanA Avazyaka hogA; kyoMki yaha eka sarvavidita tathya hai ki vyakti ke vicAroM evaM AdarzoM para usake pArivArika-saMskAroM kA bahuta prabhAva hotA hai| yaha eka aitihAsika-tathya hai ki azoka ke pitAmaha candragupta maurya apane jIvana ke antima dinoM meM rAjya tyAgakara jaina-muni bana gae the tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke maisUra-prAnta meM 'zravaNabelagolA' meM vaha apane guru bhadrabAhu ke sAtha rahakara tapasyA karate the| azoka ke pitA bindusAra bhI jainadharma ke prabala-samarthaka evaM prabhAvaka-mahApuruSa the| cInI yAtrI yuvAcvAi tathA divyAvadAna' Adi granthoM ke anusAra azoka kA anuja jIvana ke antima-dinoM meM 'arhat' bana gayA thaa| svayaM azoka ke sambandha meM bhI yaha mata hai ki vaha jaina' thaa|' vilsana tathA thAmasa mahodaya ne bhI yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai 00 120 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ki azoka prArambhika jIvana meM jainadharmAvalambI thA; parantu bAda meM usane bauddhadharma ko svIkAra kara liyA thaa| zrI hanumAna prasAda poddAra ke anusAra "bhArata ke sImAnta se videzI-sattA ko sarvathA parAjita karake bhAratIyatA kI rakSA karanevAle samrATa candragupta ne jainAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu se dIkSA-grahaNa kI thii| unake putra bimbasAra the| samrATa azoka unake pautra the jo kucha dina jaina rahakara pIche bauddha ho gaye the|" jina mahAtmA buddha ke dharma kI prabhAvanA kI ceSTA azoka ne kI, ve mahAtmA buddha bhI mUlata: sarvaprathama jainadharma meM dIkSita hue the| pAli-tripaTakoM ke anusAra ve nagna digambara-jaina-sAdhu bane the aura kaI varSoM taka unhoMne sAdhucaryA ko nibhAyA bhI thaa| kintu bAda meM isa kaThina-caryA ko nahIM nibhA pAne ke kAraNa unhoMne sAMsArika-gRhasthAvasthA evaM kaThora-sAdhucaryA ke bIca ke madhyama-mArga ko apanAyA tathA unhIM ke anurUpa dhArmika-siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| ___ata: azoka vyaktigata-jIvana meM bhale hI bauddha-dharmAvalambI ho gayA thA; parantu dhArmika dRSTi se usake saMskAra jainatva ke hI the| jaina aura bauddha-dharma ke madhya rAjA azoka itanA kama-bheda dekhatA thA ki usane sarvasAdharaNa meM apanA bauddha honA apane rAjya ke bArahaveM varSa meM (247 I.pU.) kahA thaa| isIlie karIba-karIba usake kaI zilAlekha ke jaina samrAT ke rUpa meM hai| usane sarvasAmAnya ke lie jisa dharma ko upadezita kiyA, vaha eka samanvayavAdI sArvajanika-dharma hote hue bhI usakI dharma-prabhAvanA mUlata: jainadharma se anuprANita pratIta hotI hai| ata: isa Alekha meM azoka ke abhilekhoM meM upalabdha jaina-paramparA ke poSaka-tattvoM kA paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dhamma azoka ke lekhoM meM jisa dharma kA ullekha hai, vaha koI dharmavizeSa na hokara AcaraNa-saMhitA mAtra hai; jisake do rUpa hai (1) vyAvahArika, (2) zAstrIya / vyAvahArika-rUpa meM vaha jIvana ke vibhinna-sambandhoM ke prati sadAcAra ke vistRta-niyamoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| isa AcAra-saMhitA yA vyAvahArika-dharma ke bAre meM vaha svayaM stambha-lekhoM meM likhatA hai"dhame sAdhu, kiyaM cu dhameti? apAsinave, bahukayAne, dayA, dAne, sace, socye|" -(stambha-lekha, 2) "esa hi dhaMmApadAne dhaMmapaTIpati ca yasA iyaM dayA dAne, sace, socaye, madave sAdhave ca lokasa hevaM vaDhisati ti|" - (stambha-lekha, 7) __ jainadharma ke pratiSThita pramukha-AcArya kundakunda na bhI 'bArasa-aNukkhA ' meM dharma ko uttamakSamA Adi dasa prakAra maya mAnA hai "uttama-khama-maddavajjava-sacca-sauccaM ca saMjamaM ceva / tava-tAgAkiMciNhaM bamhA idi dasavihaM hodi||" - (gAthA 10) vastuta: dasa bhedoMvAlA dharma nahIM hai; apitu uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 121 Page #124 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcana, brahmacarya, dazalakSaNoM se yukta jo akhaNDa hai, vahI dharma hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karate hue kahA hai ki "uttamakSamA-mArdavArjAva-zauca-satya-saMyama-tapastyAgAkiMcanya-brahmacaryANi dharma: / " isameM uttamakSamA Adi ke anta meM 'brahmacaryANi' bahuvacanAnta-prayoga kiyA hai tathA 'dharma:' ekavacanAnta-prayoga hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dharma ke lakSaNa uttamakSamA Adi dasa haiM, kintu dharma dasaprakAra kA nahIM hai, vaha to eka hI hai| yaha dharma carcA kA viSaya na hokara 'caryA' arthAt AcaraNa kA viSaya hai; kyoMki rAjavArtikakAra ke anusAra "dhAraNasAmarthyAd dharma ityeSA saMjJA anvartheti" - (rAjavArtika, 9/6/24) ___ isake anusAra dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya yA vizeSatA ke kAraNa hI inakI 'dharma' saMjJA sArthaka hotI hai| ahiMsA azoka ne apane abhilekhoM meM jahA~ 'dhamma' kI carcA kI hai, vahIM usane ahiMsA-sambandhI kucha vAkyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai :-- (i) anArambho pANAnaM (zilAlekha 3, 4, 9, stambhalekha 7) arthAt prANiyoM kI hiMsA na krnaa| (ii) avihiMsA bhUtAnAM (zilAlekha 4, stambhalekha 7) sabhI jIvadhAriyoM ke prati ahiNsaa| (iii) pANAnAM saMyamo (zilAlekha 9) prANiyoM kI hiMsA meM sNym| (iv) sarvAbhUtAnaM akSatisaMyama samacariaM rbhsiye| (zilAlekha 13) sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kI rakSA, saMyama evaM samatAcAra prAraMbha kiyaa| isameM va kevala manuSyoM ke prati ahiMsA athavA hiMsA ke prati saMyama kI bAta na kahakara sampUrNa jIvadhAriyoM ke akSati-saMyama kI bAta karatA hai, tathA stambhalekha-kra. pA~ca meM aise prANiyoM kI eka lambI sUcI dI gaI hai, jinakI rakSA kA vidhAna hai| __ azoka kA ahiMsA ke prati yaha dRSTikoNa jainadharma ke ahiMsA ke vistRta-dRSTikoNa kA paricAyaka hai, jahA~ kevala prANiyoM kI ahiMsA kA hI nahIM, varan trasa evaM sthAvara --donoM ke prati ahiMsA dhAraNa karane ko kahA gayA hai| trasa evaM sthAvara-jIvoM ke sambandha meM jainoM kA vistRta-cintana 'dravyasaMgraha' meM isaprakAra varNita hai "puDhavi-jala-teU-vAU-vaNapphadI viviha thaavreiNdii| viga-tiga-cadu-paMcakkhA, tasajIvA hoMti saMkhAdI / / " - (dravyasaMgraha 11) pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati ye nAnAprakAra ke sthAvarajIva haiM aura ye eka-indriya ke dhAraka haiN| do-tIna-cAra aura pA~ca indriyoM ke dhAraka zaMkha Adi trasa jIva' kahalAte ina trasa evaM sthAvara ---donoM prakAra ke jIvoM ke prANAtipAta se viramaNa ko ahiMsAvrata tathA inakI rakSA ko hI 'ahiMsAdharma' kahA gayA hai-- 00 122 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna "2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #125 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (1) "paDhamaM mahavvadaM pANAdivAvAdo viramaNaM" - (yati-pratikramaNasUtra) (2) "jIvANaM rakkhaNo dhmmo|" - (kArtikeyAnuprekSA) (3) "pramattayogAtprANa-vyaparopaNaM hiNsaa|" - (tattvArthasUtra, 13/7, AcArya umAsvAmI) (4) "dharmamahiMsArUpaM saMzRNvanto'pi ye parityaktum / sthAvarahiMsAmasahAstrasahiMsAM te'pi muJcantu / / staukaikendriyaghAtAdgRhiNAM sampannayogyaviSayANAm / zeSasthAvaramAraNaviramaNamapi bhavati karaNIyam / / " -(amRtacandrAcArya, puruSArthasiddhyupAya 4/40, 4/76-77) (5) trasahiMsA ko tyAgi vRthA thAvara na sNhaarai| ___para-vadhakAra kaThora nindya nahiM vacana ucArai / / -(chahaDhAlA, 4.10.59) uparokta zlokoM meM trasa' evaM 'sthAvara' donoMprakAra ke jIvoM ke ghAta ko tyAgane ke lie kahA hai| azoka prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karane se hI santuSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha amuka pazuoM ko nirlakSita karane tathA jIva-sahita bhUse ko jalAne kA bhI niSedha karatA hai| DaoN. bhaMDArakara ke anusAra azoka ne anyatra bhI jaina-kalpanA grahaNa kI hai| usake lekhoM meM jIva, prANa, bhUta aura jAta zabda AcArAMga sUtra' ke pANA-bhUyA, jIva-sattA ke hI paryAya haiN|" tithiyoM kA vicAra ahiMsA-sambandhI vicAroM ko aura prabhAvaka banAne ke lie usane tIna tithiyoM cAvudasaM, panadasa, paTipAdaye, " (caturdazI, pUrNimA, pratipadA) ko upavAsa kA dina batAkara machaliyoM ko mArane va becane se manA kiyA hai| isIprakAra pratyeka pakSa kI paMcamI, aSTamI, caturdazI, pUrNimA, tIna cAturmAsoM ke zuklapakSa meM gau ko nahIM dAgane kA Adeza diyA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jaina-paramparA meM bhI tInoM cAturmAsoM zuklapakSa, paMcamI, aSTamI, caturdazI evaM pUrNimA kA vizeSa mahattva hai| varSa kI tInoM aSTAhnikA zuklapakSa kI aSTamI se prArambha hokara pUrNimA ko samApta hotI hai| tathA varSa kA sarvapramukha 'dasalakSaNa parva' bhAdrapadamAsa kI paMcamI se prArambha hokara caturdazI taka calatA hai| jainoM meM isase paMcamI, aSTamI, caturdazI evaM zuklapakSa Adi kA mahattva parilakSita hotA hai| jaina-paramparA meM hI paMcamI, aSTamI tathA caturdazI ko vrata rakhane kA vidhAna hai| dhari ura samatAbhAva sadA sAmAyika kriye| parva-catuSTaya-mA~hi pApa taji poSadha dhariye / / -(chahaDhAlA, 4.14.63) mana meM samatAbhAva dhAraNa karake nitya sAmAyika karanI caahie| yaha 'sAmAyika vrata' hai| cAroM paryoM meM do 'aSTamI' aura do caturdazI' ko vyApAra Adi pApa-kAryoM ko chor3akara proSadhopavAsa karanA caahie| yaha proSadhopavAsa' vrata hai| ata: ina tithiyoM ko vrata kA dina kahakara machaliyoM ke mArane va becane kA niSedha kara tathA gau ko dAgane kI manAhI karanA; prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 123 Page #126 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ azoka kI vicAradhArAoM para jainatva ke saMskAroM kA spaSTa dyotaka hai| Asava azoka ke dasaveM caTTAnalekha meM ullekha hai "devAnaMpiyadasi rAjA taM savaM pAratrikAya kiMti sakale apaparisrave as| esa tu parisave ya apuNjN|" __"devatAoM kA priya priyadarzI rAjA jo kucha udyoga karatA hai, ve saba paraloka ke lie hai, jisase prajA ko kama se kama parisava mile| yaha jo apuNya hai, vahI parisava hai|" ____ dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki jainadharma meM 18 prakAra ke pApoM aura 42 prakAra ke AsravoM kA vidhAna hai| 'parisave', 'aparisave', 'Asivane' Adi zabda bauddha na hokara jaina-sAhitya se lie gae lagate haiN|' nimna paribhASAyeM draSTavya haiM(1) kAyavAGmana:karma yoga: / sa aamrvH| -(tattvArthasUtra 6/1-2) (2) Asavadi jeNa kamma, pariNAmeNappaNo sa vinnnneyo| bhAvAsavo jiNutto, kammAsavaNaM paro hodi|| -(dravyasaMgraha 29) artha :- AtmA ke jisa pariNAma se karma Ate haiM, vaha jinendradeva dvArA kahA huA 'bhAvAsava' hai| (3) jyoM sara-jala-Avata morI tyoM Asrava karmana ko| darvita jIva pradeza gahai, jaba pudgala karamana ko|| bhAvita AmravabhAva zubhAzubha, nizadina cetana ko| pApa-puNya ke donoM karatA, kAraNa baMdhana ko|| -(bArahabhAvanA, kavi maMgatarAya) (4) jo jogani kI capalAI, tAte vai Asrava bhaaii| Asrava duHkhakAra ghanere, budhivaMta tinheM niravere / / -(chahaDhAlA 5-7-73, kavivara daulatarAma) ukta uddharaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki azoka ne AmravoM ke sambandha meM jainoM kA mata mAnA hai| krodha, mAna, IrSyA Adi azoka ne dharmapAlana ke lie kucha tattvoM ko tyAgane ke lie khaa| (1) caMDie (ugratA), (2) niThUlie (niSThuratA), (3) krodhe (krodha), (4) mAne (mAna), (5) isiyA (iirssyaa)| inameM se tIna krodha, mAna aura IrSyA yA dveSa kA varNana azoka ne AsinavagAminI ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| -- (stambhalekha 3) jainadharma meM bhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM ko tyAgane ko kahA gayA hai| pratyeka zrAvaka ke dvArA nityaprati kI jAnevAlI 'merI bhAvanA' meM AcArya jugalakizora jI kahate haiM 0 124 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #127 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ahaMkAra kA bhAva na rakkhU nahIM kisI para krodha kruuN| dekha dUsaroM kI bar3hatI ko kabhI na IrSyAbhAva dhruuN|| isIprakAra sAmAyika pATha' meM jaina-zrAvaka prabhu se prArthanA karatA hai : sanmukti ke sanmArga se pratikUla-patha maiMne kiyaa| paMcendriyoM cAroM kaSAyoM meM svamana maiMne kiyaa|| isa hetu zuddha-cAritra kA jo lopa mujhase ho gyaa| duSkarma vaha mithyAtva ko ho prApta prabhu ! karie dyaa|| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra mithyAdRSTi-jIvoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha yaha cAroM kaSAya vizeSarUpa meM hote haiN| pratyeka kaSAya ke anantAnubaMdhI, pratyAkhyAna, apratyAkhyAna evaM saMjvalana ___-ina cAra bhedoM ke kAraNa, cAroM kaSAyoM ke 16 bheda kiye gaye haiN| 'kasAyapAhuDa' nAmaka grantha meM inakA vistAra se ullekha hai, jisa para AcArya vIrasena ne jayadhavalA TIkA likhI hai| AtmAnuzAsanakAra ne kahA hai ki--"jisa sarovara meM magaramaccha hoMge, usa sarovara meM machaliyA~ zAMti se nirdvanda hokara vicaraNa nahIM kara sakatI hai| isIprakAra jaba taka hamArI AtmA meM kaSAyarUpI magaramaccha raheMge, taba taka AtmA ke kSamAdi dharma vicaraNa nahIM kara skte|" hRdayasarasi yAvannirmale'pyatyagAdhe vasati khalu kaSAyagrAhacakraM samantAt / zrayati guNagaNo'yaM tanna tAvadvizaMkaM, saMyama-zamavizeSaistAn vijetuM ytsv|| --(AtmAnuzAsana) Atma-parIkSaNa ___ azoka dharma kI vRddhi ke lie Atma-nirIkSaNa ko atyanta Avazyaka batAtA hai; kyoMki isase dharma kI ora jAgarukatA bar3hatI hai| -(stambhalekha 7) azoka ke anusAra 'AtmaparAkrama kA eka tarIkA 'Atma-nirIkSaNa' hai, jisakA artha hai apane bure aura acche kAryoM kA parIkSaNa (stambhalekha 2) / stambhalekha kra. 1 meM dhArmika jIvana ke lie gahana-AtmaparIkSA aura utsAha para jora detA haiM jaina-paramparA meM bhI Atma-parIkSaNa kA atyanta mahattva hai| AlocanA evaM pratikramaNa karanA pratyeka zrAvaka evaM sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka hai| yatiyoM kI SaDAvazyaka-kriyAoM meM se pratikramaNa eka hai| samadA thao ya vaMdaNa-paDikkamaNaM taheva NAdavvaM / paccakkhANa-visaggo karaNIyAvAsayA chppi|| pratikramaNa kI vidhi zAstrajJoM ne isaprakAra nirUpita kI hai davve khette kAle bhAve ya kadAvarAha-sohaNayaM / jiMdaNa-garahaNa-juto, maNa-vaca-kAyeNa paDikkamaNaM / / AhAra, zarIra Adi dravya meM, vasatikA-mArga Adi kSetra meM, pUrvAhna, madhyAhna, divasa, .. prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 125 Page #128 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAtri AdikAla meM, saMkalpa - vikalpa rUpa Adi bhAvoM meM kiye gaye aparAdhoM kI nindA va garhA se yukta hokara zuddha, mana, vacana, karma se Alocana karanA 'pratikramaNa' hai 1 isIprakAra zrAvaka bhI 'AlocanA-pATha' ke mAdhyama se apane dvArA kiye gaye doSoM kI nirvRtti karanA cAhatA hai / suniye jina araja hamArI, hama doSa kie ati bhArI / tinakI aba nivRti kAjA, tuma sarana lahI jinarAjA / / - ( AlocanA-pATha ) isaprakAra AlocanA evaM pratikramaNa ke dvArA jaina- paramparA meM AtmanirIkSaNa kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, tAki AtmanirIkSaNa ke dvArA Atma-parAkrama ko bar3hA sake I azoka dvArA Atma-parIkSaNa evaM Atma-parAkrama kI carcA karanA usake jainatva ke saMskAroM kA hI pariNAma haiM / vacogupti azoka ne eka aise deza meM jahA~ aneka dharma pracalita ho, sahiSNutA ko paramakarttavya maanaa| sahiSNutA kA mUla usake anusAra vacogupti hai / "tasya tu idaM mUlaM vacogupti / " " apane hI dharma kI prazaMsA aura dUsare dharmoM kI niMdA karane se bacanA / isa AdhAra para sabhI dharmoM ke prati sahiSNutA ke bhAva kI vRddhi hogI / " yahA~ dhyAna dene kA bindu yaha hai ki 'vacogupti' jainadharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai / aliyAdi - NiyattiM vA moNaM vA hodi vadiguttI / " - (NiyamasAra, 69 ) jhUTha Adi se nivRtti yA mauna vacanagupti hai / triguptiyoM meM managupti, vacanagupti evaM kAgupti kA vizada-vivecana hameM jainagranthoM meM milatA hai / samyagdaNDo vapuSaH samyagdaNDatastathA ca vacanasya / manasaH samyagdaNDo guptInAM tritayamavagamyam / / - (puruSArthasiddhiupAya, 7/6-202) zarIra ko bhalI prakAra zAstrokta vidhi se vaza karanA tathA vacana kA bhalIprakAra avarodhana karanA aura mana kA samyak rUpa se nirodha karanA - isaprakAra tIna guptiyoM ko jAnanA cAhiye / triguptiyoM ko karmoM kI nirjarA kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| 'chahaDhAlA' meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai-- koTi janama tapa tape, jJAna bina karma jhareM je| jJAnI ke chinamAhiM, triguptitaiM sahaja TaraiM te / / - (chahaDhAlA ) ata: vacogupti jaise pAribhASika zabda kA prayoga azoka ke jainatva ke saMskAroM kI puSTi karatA hai 1 bhAvazuddhi isIprakAra apane doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie bhAvazuddhi para azoka ne jo bala diyA hai, vaha bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai / 126 prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #129 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ azoka sAtaveM zilAlekha meM kahatA hai-- "save te saMyamaM ca bhAvasudhiM ca ichati ....vipule tu pi dAne yasa nAsti saMyame, bhAvasudhitA va kataMtratA va daDhamatitA ca nicA baaddhN|" ___ve sabhI saMyama aura bhAvazuddhi cAhate haiN| jo bahuta dAna nahIM kara sakatA, usake bhI saMyama, bhAvazuddhi, kRtajJatA, dRDhabhakti nitya-Avazyaka hai|" jainoM meM bhI trigupti meM varNita manogupti--bhAvoM kI zuddhi se hI sambandhita hai tathA jainoM kI yaha dRr3ha-dhAraNA hai ki ___ "mana: eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdha-mokSayoH / " apavyayatA aura apabhANDatA tRtIya-zilAlekha meM azoka kahatA hai--"apavyayatA apabhANDatA sAdhu" alpavyaya tathA alpabacata acchI hai| yaha siddhAnta jainoM ke 'aparigrahavAda' ke siddhAnta se prerita hai; kyoMki 'tattvArthasUtra' meM kahA gayA hai bahArambha-parigrahatvaM naarksyaayussH|-(tttvaarthsuutr, 6/15) alpArambhaparigrahatvaM mAnuSasya / ---(tattvArthasUtra, 6/17) arthAt bahuta-Arambha aura parigraha se naraka-Ayu kA Asrava hotA hai tathA alpAraMbhaparigraha se manuSya-Ayu kA Asava hotA hai| ina siddhAntoM kI utkRSTatA yaha hai ki yadi nahIM bhI hai aura usakI icchA hI hai, taba bhI parigraha hai- "mUrchA prigrhH|" - (tattvArthasUtra, 7/17) isIliye jainoM meM bhogopabhoga-parimANavata' liye jAne kI paramparA hai| uparokta tattvoM ke atirikta dayA, dAna, vinaya, cintana, tapa, sahiSNutA, samAnatA, maitrI, sevA, suzrUSA, kalyANa, ihaloka-paraloka, saccI vijaya, saccA yaza Adi anekoM aise tattva hai, jinake bAre meM azoka kI mAnyatAyeM jainatva ke siddhAntoM se milatI hai| ina sabhI para vistAra se vivecana karanA eka svatantra zodha-prabandha kA viSaya hai| isa saMkSipta-Alekha meM sabhI para carcA karanA sambhava nahIM hai| saMkSepa meM azoka ke samAna kI prANImAtra se maitrI evaM bhrAtRtva kA saMcAra, naitika-bhAvoM kA jAgaraNa, paraspara prema evaM sauhArda kI kAmanA pratyeka jaina-zrAvaka nitya karatA hai : sattveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva / / -(sAmAyika-pATha, AcArya amitagati) maitrIbhAva jagat meM merA saba jIvoM se nitya rahe / dIna-du:khI jIvoM para mere ura se karuNA-srota bahe / / durjana-krUra-kumArgaratoM para kSobha nahIM mujhako aave| sAmyabhAva rakkhU maiM una para aisI pariNati ho jAve / / -(merI bhAvanA, paM. jugalakizora)* prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 127 Page #130 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahAvIra-vANI raciyatA--paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' akhila-jaga-tArana ko jalayAna / prakaTI, vIra ! tumhArI vANI, jaga meM sudhA-samAna / / akhila0 / / anekAntamaya, syAtpada-lAMchita, nIti-nyAya kI khAna / saba kuvAda kA mUla nAzakara, phailAtI sat-jJAna / / nitya-anitya aneka-eka ityAdi kuvAdi mhaan| natamastaka ho jAte saMmukha, chor3a sakala abhimaan|| jIva-ajIva-tattva nirNaya kara, karatI saMzaya-hAna / sAmyabhAva-rasa cakhate haiM , jo karate isakA pAna / / U~ca-nIca au' laghu-sudIrgha kA, bheda na kara bhagavAn / sabake hita kI cintA karatI, saba para dRSTi samAna / / andhI zraddhA kA virodha kara, haratI saba ajnyaan| bhukti-vAda kA virodha kara, haratI saba ajJAna / / Iza na jaga-kartA, phala-dAtA, svayaM sRsstti-nirmaann| nija-utthAna-patana nija-kara meM, karatI yoM suvidhAna / / hRdaya banAtI ucca, sikhAkara dharma sudyaa-prdhaan| jo nita samajha AdareM isako, ve 'yuga-vIra' mahAn / / akhila-jaga-tArana ko jalayAna / 00 128 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #131 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsaka - darzana meM 'karuNA' -ajaya kumAra jhA jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita paJca - mahAvratoM meM 'ahiMsA kA mahattvapUrNa-sa - sthAna hai| tadanusAra krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobhAdi se rahita pavitravicAra aura saMkalpa hI ahiMsA hai| isake viparIta ve samasta ciMtana, vicAra, icchAyeM athavA kriyAyeM jinase dUsaroM ko kaSTa ho, hiMsA hai| isI AdhAra para jainAcAryoM ne hiMsA ko 'bhAvahiMsA' tathA 'dravya-hiMsA' kahA hai| kisI bhI jIva ko pIr3A pahu~cAne yA usake ahita kA vicAra karanA 'bhAva - hiMsA' hai / tathA prANiyoM ko pratyakSataH ahita karanA 'dravya - hiMsA' hai I ina donoM prakAra kI hiMsAoM se mukta honA hI 'ahiMsA' hai / ahiMsA niSedhAtmaka-AcaraNa nahIM hai, balki yaha vidhirUpa hai bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita yaha ahiMsA jainadharma aura darzana kI AdhArazilA hai / itanA hI nahIM, sampUrNa vizva meM mAnavatA kI rakSA aura vikAsa ke lie yaha anivArya - mAnadaNDa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pallavita isa ahiMsArUpI candanavRkSa kI sugandhi se sampUrNa bhAratIya-saMskRti suvAsita hai / mahAmuni vyAsa ne ahiMsA ko paramadharma, kaThora tapa, mahAn satya, sarvotkRSTa dharma, advitIya saMyama, sarvottama dAna, sarvazreSTha jJAna, parama mitra tathA ananya sukha kahA hai 1 ahiMsA paramo dharmastathA'hiMsA paraM tapaH / ahiMsA paramaM satyaM yato dharmaH pravartate / / ahiMsA paramo dharmastathA'hiMsA paro damaH / ahiMsA paramaM dAnamahiMsA paramaM tapaH / / ahiMsA paramo yajJastathA'hiMsA paraM phalam / ahiMsA paramaM mitramahiMsA paramaM sukham / / ' 'mahAbhArata' meM hI anyatra kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana meM ananta-guNa haiN| saikar3oM varSoM taka ke parizrama se bhI ahiMsA ke guNoM kA bakhAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / prAkRtavidyA + janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika mahAvIra vizeSAMka 129 Page #132 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sarvayajJeSu vA dAnaM sarvatIrtheSu vA plutam / sarvadAnaphalaM vApi naitntulymhiNsyaa|| ahiMsrasya tapo'kSayyamahiMsro yajate sdaa| ahiMsraH sarvabhUtAnAM yathA mAtA tathA pitaa|| etat phalamahiMsAyA: bhUyazca kuru puMgava / na hi zaktyA guNA: vaktumapi vrssshtairpi||' 'matsyapurANa' meM bhI ahiMsA ko sarvazreSTha dharma' batalAyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki vedoM ke adhyayana se yA satya bolane se jitanA puNya prApta hotA hai, usase kahIM adhika puNya ahiMsA ke pAlana se prApta hotA hai' caturvedeSu yatpuNyaM satyavAdiSu / ahiMsAyAM tu yo dharmo gamanAdeva tatphalam / / ' 'nAradapurANa' meM ahiMsA ko samasta manokAmanAoM ko pUrNa karanevAlI tathA pApoM se chur3AnevAlI batalAyA hai __ ahiMsA sA nRpa proktA srvkaamprdaayinii| karma-kArya-sahAyatvamakAryaM pripnthtaa||' bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha ahiMsA kevala jainadharma athavA bhAratIya saMskRti taka sImita nahIM rhii| yaha vizva ke samasta dharmoM meM eka anivArya-aMga ke rUpa meM aMgIkRta ho gii| vastuta: ahiMsA kA vyApaka-parikSetra hai| yaha karuNA se utpanna hotI tathA karuNA meM parivyApta rahatI hai| jaba taka mAnava-mana meM karuNA kA sAmrAjya hotA hai, taba taka vaha hiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| jaba taka mAnava-mana karuNA se AplAvita rahatA hai, taba taka vaha hiMsA kA leza mAtra bhI nahIM saha pAtA hai; tathA hiMsA ke darzana mAtra se usakI karuNA ghanIbhUta hokara azrurUpa meM pravAhita hone lagatI hai| tabhI to vyAdha ke dvArA krauJca (pakSI)-yugma meM se eka ke mAre jAne para maharSi bAlmIki ke mukha se vedanA kA ghanIbhUta-svara nikalA aura AdikAvya kI racanA huii| mA niSAda! pratiSThAM tvamagama: zAzvatI: smaa:| yat krauJcamithunAdekamavadhI: kAmamohitam / / jainadharma ke pramukha AcArya amitagati ne bhI ahiMsA ke mUla meM karuNA ko svIkAra kiyA hai- satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttau sadA mamAtmA vidadhAt deva / / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA siddhAnta kA kAruNika-nidarzana mahAkavi bhavabhUti kA uttararAmacarita' hai, jahA~ rAvaNa ke dvArA sItA kA apaharaNa kiye jAne para rAma ke kAruNika krandana se jar3a-padArtha grAvA bhI rone lagatI hai, tathA patthara kA bhI hRdaya vidIrNa hone lagatA 00 130 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #133 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ janasthAne zUnye / vikalakaraNairAryacaritai rapi grAvA rodityapi dalati vajrasya hRdayam / ' 'uttararAmacarita' kA pratyeka pAtra ahiMsA kA pujArI hai| ve apane samasta kAryoM meM ahiMsA ko sarvopari-sthAna dete haiN| mahAkavi bhavabhUti ahiMsA ke samyaka-paripAka ke lie karuNA kI bhAvabhUmi meM praveza karate haiM tathA du:khAnta vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' ko sukhAnta 'uttararAmacarita' ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| 'uttararAmacarita' meM sabhI rasoM kA samyak-paripAka huA hai; parantu una sabhI rasoM ke anta:sthala meM karuNA kI dhArA pravAhita ho rahI hai| cAhe rAma aura sItA ke zRMgArika varNana meM zrRMgAra-rasa ho athavA candraketu aura lava kA yuddha meM vIrarasa yA rAma ke prati janaka ke krodha meM raudra-rasa ho, sarvatra karuNA kA hI vAtAvaraNa hai| arthAt ye samasta rasa karuNA se hI ni:sRta ho rahe haiM aura isa karuNA meM ahiMsA kA mAnavatAvAdI darzana samAhita hai| tabhI to bhavabhUti karuNA ko samasta rasoM kI jananI mAnate haiM eko rasa: karuNa eva nimittabhedAd bhinna: pRthakpRthagiva zrayate vivartAn / AvartabudbudataraMgamayAnvikArA nambho yathA salilameva hi tatsamastam / / prathama aMka meM rAma ke rAjyAbhiSekoparAnta rAjyakula ke variSTha-sadasya RSyazrRMga ke yajJa meM cale jAte haiN| rAjaguru vaziSTha vahA~ se rAma ke lie saMdeza bhejate haiM jamAtR-yajJena vayaM niruddhAstvaM bAla evAsi navaM ca rAjyam / yukta: prajAnAmanurajane syA stasmAdyazo yat paramaM dhanaM vH|| yahA~ saMdeza bhejA gayA hai ki rAma navAbhiSikta-rAjA haiM, tathA rAjya-saMcAlana meM anubhavahIna haiN| unake mArga-nirdezana ke lie vahA~ gurujana bhI nahIM haiN| ve kisI bhI taraha prajA kI hitasAdhanA kareM, yahI raghuvaMzI-rAjAoM kA parama dhana hai| prajAnuraJjana ke isa saMdeza meM bhAva hiMsA' aura 'dravya hiMsA' kA tyAga samAhita hai| koI bhI rAjA karmaNA-manasA-vAcA 'bhAva hiMsA' aura 'dravya hiMsA' kA parityAga karake hI apanI prajA kA sampUrNa anuraJjana kara sakatA hai| __maharSi vaziSTha ke isa upadeza ko sunakara rAma apane samasta sukhoM ko tyAga kara lokAnuraJjana kI pratijJA karate haiN| snehaM dayAM ca saukhyaM ca yadi vA jaankiimpi| ArAdhanAya lokasya muJcato nAsti me vyathA / / " prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 131 Page #134 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yahA~ sneha, dayA, saukhya aura AvazyakatA par3ane para ardhAginI sItA kA bhI parityAga karake prajAnuraJjana kI pratijJA meM ahiMsA kA apratyakSa, parantu prANapada nidarzana hotA hai| apane sukha-duHkha kI cintA kiye binA dUsaroM ko prasanna rakhanA hI ahiMsA hai| isa dRSTi se rAma kI prajAnuraJjana kI pratijJA vastuta: ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana kI pratijJA hai| ve lokAnuraJjana ke lie lezamAtra bhI apanI ciMtA nahIM karate haiN| ve apane samasta saukhyoM ke sAtha prANapriyA sItA kA bhI parityAga karane kI pratijJA karate haiN| isase bar3I ahiMsA kyA ho sakatI hai? rAma apanI pratijJA ke anusAra sItA kA parityAga bhI kara dete haiN| parantu eka bar3e sAmrAjya kI prajA ke anuraJjanArtha eka vyakti arthAt sItA kA parityAga rAjasiddhAnta ke anusAra bhale hI ucita ho, parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA-darzana ke anusAra yaha bhI hiMsA hai| rAma kA kAruNika hRdaya bhI ise hiMsA mAnatA hai| ve apane isa kArya ko 'ati-bIbhatsakarma' kahate haiM tathA svayaM ko 'apUrvakarma-caNDAla' kahate haiN| ve ise eka gambhIra hiMsA mAnate haiM tathA isa hiMsA ke pazcAttApa meM unakA hRdaya andara hI andara dagdha hone lagatA hai| ve andara hI andara jalakara puTapAka ke samAna dagdha ho jAte haiM, parantu apanI maryAdA ke kAraNa usako prasphuTita nahIM hone dete haiM.... anirbhinno gabhIratvAdantarguDhaghanavyathaH / puTapAkapratIkAzo rAmasya karuNo rs:||" dvitIya aMka meM sAmrAjya ke dharmaviplava ko rokane ke lie eka vyakti arthAt zambUka kI hatyA kI gaI hai| yaha hatyA tatkAlIna rAjya-vyavasthA ke anusAra bhale hI anukUla ho, parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA-darzana ke pariprekSya meM yaha hiMsA hI hai| rAma kI dRSTi meM bhI yaha anartha hai, hiMsA hai| tabhI to unakI bhujAyeM zambUka kI hatyA karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hai re hasta ! dakSiNa matasya zizordvijasya / jIvAtave visRja zUdramanau kRpANam / / rAmasya gAtramasi nirbharagarbhakhinna sItAviSAsanapaTo: karuNo kRtste|| isaprakAra mahAkavi bhavabhUti ne zambUka-prasaMga ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA kA pATha par3hAyA hai, jo advitIya hai| tRtIya aMka meM akAraNa parityakta sItA paJcavaTI meM zoka ke kAraNa sAkSAt karuNA ke samAna ho jAtI haiM karuNasya mUrtirathavA shriirinnii| virahavyatheva vanameti jaankii|| 00 132 . prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #135 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tathApi paJcavaTI meM rAma (akAraNa parityAga karanevAle) ko dekhakara unakA hRdaya karuNAdrita ho jAtA hai| vaha rAma se pratizodha letA to dUra unakI ulAhanA bhI sunanA nahIM cAhatI haiM tathA rAma ke mUrchita hone para apane kara sparza se unheM saMcetanA pradAna karatI hai| jaba vAsantI rAma ko ulAhanA detI hai, taba vaha kahatI hai tvameva sakhi vAsanti, dAruNA kaThorA c........| ___ isaprakAra sItA ke isa kAruNika vyavahAra meM ahiMsA hI vaha parama-tattva hai, jo unheM apane apakArI se pratikAra lene ke lie udvelita hone se bacAtA hai tathA apakArI ke prati upakArI-dRSTi apanAne ke lie prerita karatA hai| 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' kA samApana rAma aura sItA ke viyoga se hotA hai, parantu isa viyoga ko bhavabhUti hiMsA samajhate haiM tathA 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' kI kathA meM parivartana para apane 'uttararAmacarita' kA samApana rAma aura sItA ke saMyoga se karate haiN| bhavabhUti kA sampUrNa uttararAmacarita' karuNA se ota-prota hai| isa karuNA ke mUla meM unakA ahiMsaka-cintana kAma kara rahA hai| isaprakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisa ahiMsA-vRkSa kA pallavana kiyA usakI zItala-chAyA didigantara meM vyApta hai| paravartI sabhI racanAoM meM ahiMsA-darzana kA prabhAva sApha-sApha dikhatA hai| saMdarbhagraMtha-sUcI 1. mahAbhArata, paM. rAmacaMdrazAstrI kiMjavaDekara, anuzAsana parva, 115/25,116/38-391 2. vahI, 116/40-42 1 3. matsyapurANa, saM.-DaoN. puSpendra, 106/48 / 4. nAradapurANa, saM.-DaoN. cArudeva zAstrI, nAga prakAzana, 16/26 1 5. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, nirNaya sAgara presa, vAlakANDa, 2/15 1 6. AcArya amitagati, bhaavnaadvaatriNshkaa| 7. uttararAmacarita, DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI, 1/28 / 8. vahI, 3/47 / 9. vahI, 1/11 | 10. vahI, 1/12 / 11. vahI, 3/1 / 12. vahI, pR. 1191 13. vahI, 2/8 1 14. vahI, 2/101 15. vahI, 3/4 / 16. vahI, pR. 216 / jainadharma kA pravartana AcArya dharmakIrti ne nyAyabindu pR. 126, paM. 18 tathA pR. paM. 128, paM. 19 meM jainiyoM ke tIrthaMkara RSabha kA ullekha donoM sthala para tathA vardhamAna kA ullekha prathama-sthala para kiyA hai| isase pragaTa hotA hai ki unake samaya AThavIM zatAbdI meM bhI jainetara-vidvAn jainadharma kA prathama-upadeza denevAlA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko hI samajhate the, na ki bhagavAn vardhamAna ko| jainadharma kA prathama-upadeSTA bhagavAn mahAvIra yA pArzvanAtha ko kahane kI dhAraNA pAzcAtya-aitihAsikoM ke hI mastiSka kI upaja vidita hotI hai| __-(nyAyabindu', prakAzaka-caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, pR. 32) prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 133 Page #136 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jainadharma kI paramparA aura tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva - madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe - jainadharma kI gaNanA bhArata ke prAcInatama dharmoM meM hai| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra dharma zAzvata hai aura caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane-apane yuga meM pratipAdita hotA rahA hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the aura antima the vardhamAna mahAvIra / mahAvIra ke nirvANa arthAt 527 I. pUrva lagabhaga 250 varSa pahale tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / jahA~ vyavasthita rUpa se purAtAttvika utkhanana huA hai, una vArANasI, ahicchatra, hastinApura aura kauzAmbI nagaroM kA itihAsa, vahA~ se prApta mRttimA-bhANDoM tathA bhUre raMga ke citrita miTTI ke bar3e bartanoM ke AdhAra para chaThI zatI I. pUrva se kucha zatI pUrva taka nizcitarUpa se jA pahu~catA hai| isalie yaha sambhAvanA bana par3atI hai ki yaha sthAna pArzvanAtha ke kriyAkalApo se sambaddha rahA hai| tathApi jaba hama pArzvanAtha se pahale ke samaya kI bAta karate haiM, taba eka-eka tIrthakara ke samayAntarAla aura unake caritra-varNana ke sambandha meM AkhyAnoM ke eka sAmrAjya meM hI pahu~ca jAte haiN| prathama-tIrthaMkara ke sambandha meM paramparAoM para vicAra karate hue DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' meM vaidika aura paurANika donoM sandarbho kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaidika paramparA kA sarvaprathama ullekha 'Rgveda' saMhitA ke dasaveM maNDala (2-3) meM milatA hai, jisameM vAtarazana muniyoM ko malina (pizaMga) batAyA gayA hai| veda aura 'bhAgavata purANa' meM varNita ina muniyoM kA vivaraNa jaina municaryA kI viziSTa prakRti aura prAcInatA ko samajhane ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| bhAratIya rahasyavAda ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA dete hue Ara.DI. rAnADe' ne 'bhAgavata purANa' (skaMda 5, zloka 5-6) se eka anya prakAra ke yogI kA manoraMjaka-prasaMga uddhRta kiyA hai, jisakI parama videhatA hI usakI AtmAnubhUti kA spaSTatama-pramANa thaa| uddharaNa yaha hai : 'hama par3hate haiM ki apane putra bharata ko pRthvI kA rAjya sauMpakara kisaprakAra unhoMne saMsAra se nirlipta aura ekAMta jIvana bitAne kA nizcaya kiyA; kaise unhoMne eka andhe, bahare yA gUMge manuSya kA jIvana bitAnA Arambha kiyA; kisa prakAra ve nagaroM aura grAmoM meM, khAnoM 00 134 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #137 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aura udyAnoM meM, vanoM aura parvatoM meM samAna manobhAva se rahane lage; kisa prakAra unhoMne una logoM se ghora apamAnita hokara bhI mana meM vikAra na Ane diyaa| yaha vivaraNa vastuta: jaina-paramparA ke anurUpa hai, jisameM unake Arambhika jIvana ke anya-vivaraNa bhI vidyamAna haiN| kahA gayA hai ki unakI do patniyA~ thIM'--sumaMgalA aura sunandA; pahalI ne bharata aura brAhmI ko janma diyA aura dUsarI ne bAhubalI aura sundarI ko| bharata ke aura bhI aTThAnaveM sage bhAI the| isa paramparA se hameM yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki RSabhadeva bacapana meM jaba eka bAra pitA kI goda meM baiThe the, tabhI hAtha meM ikSu (gannA) liye vahA~ indra aayaa| ganne ko dekhate hI RSabhadeva ne use lene ke lie apanA mAMgalika lakSaNoM se yukta hAtha phailA diyaa| bAlaka kI ikSu ke prati abhiruci dekhakara indra ne usa parivAra kA nAma 'ikSvAku' rakha diyaa| isa paramparA se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vivAha-saMsthA kA Arambha sarvaprathama RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| kahA gayA hai 'asi' aura 'masi' kA pracalana bhI unhoMne kiyaa| kRSi ke prathama janaka bhI vahI batAye gaye haiN| brAhmI lipi' aura masi (syAhI) se lekhana kI kalA bhI unhIM ke dvArA pracalita kI gyii| eka bAta pUrNatayA nizcita hai ki bhArata meM sAdhuvRtti atyanta purAtana-kAla se calI A rahI hai aura jaina-municaryA ke jo Adarza RSabhadeva ne prastuta kiye ve brAhmaNa-paramparA se atyadhika bhinna haiN| yaha bhinnatA upaniSadkAla meM aura bhI mukhara ho uThatI hai, yadyapi sAdhuvRtti kI vibhinna zAkhAoM ke vikAsa kA tarkasaMgata prastutIkaraNa sarala bAta nahIM hai| rAnADe kA kathana hai ki isa mAnyatA ke pramANa haiM ki upaniSadkAlIna dArzanika vicAradhArA para isa vilakSaNa aura rahasyavAdI AcAra kA pAlana karanevAle bhramaNazIla-sAdhuoM aura upadezakoM kA vyApaka prabhAva thaa| jaisAki kahA jA cukA hai, upaniSadoM kI mUla-bhAvanA kI saMtoSajanaka-vyAkhyA kevala tabhI sambhava hai, jaba isaprakAra sAMsArika bandhanoM ke parityAga aura gRhavirata bhramaNazIla-jIvana ko apanAnevAlI municaryA ke atirikta-prabhAva ko svIkAra kara liyA jaaye|' risa DeviDsa kA anumAna hai ki jina vaidika adhyetAoM yA brahmacAriyoM ne bhramaNazIla-sAdhu kA jIvana bitAne ke lie gRhastha-jIvana kA parityAga kiyA, unake dvArA sAdhucaryA utane udAra mAnadaNDoM para gaThita nahIM kI jA sakI hogI, jo mAnadaNDa jaina-municaryA ke the| DyUsana ke matAnusAra, paramparA kA vikAsa isase bhI kama stara para isaprakAra ke prayatna dvArA huA hogA, jisameM ki vyAvahArika paridhAna ko AtmajJAna jaise AdhyAtmika-siddhAnta se jor3A gayA ho aura jisakA uddezya thA-- (1) sabhI vAsanAoM aura unake phalasvarUpa sabaprakAra ke nItivaruddha-AcAra kA sambhAvita nirAkaraNa, jisake lie sanyAsa yA parityAga hI sarvAdhika upayogI sAdhana thA, aura (2) prANAyAma aura dhyAna-yoga ke yathAvidhi paripAlana se utpanna nirodha-zakti ke dvArA dvaita kI bhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa / niyamita Azrama yA jIvana ke sarvamAnya-vyavahAra ke rUpa meM jo prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 135 Page #138 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pravrajyA (gRhavirata bhramaNa) aura sAdhutva kA vidhAna hai, usake paripAlana ke lie eka sAdhaka dvArI apanAye gaye abhyAsoM aura AdarzoM meM sarvathA-parivartana kevala tatkAlIna AdhyAtmika-upadeza ke phalasvarUpa yA anivArya tarkasaMgata-parimANa ke kAraNa nahIM A sktaa| isake sAtha-hI-sAtha'saMbahulA nAnAtiTThiyA nAnAdiTThakA nAnAkhaMtikA nAnArucikA nAnATThi-nissayanissitA'-(bar3e gaNoM meM calane vAle, vibhinna upadeSTAoM kA anugamana karanevAle vibhinna mAnyatAyeM rakhanevAle, vibhinna AcAroM kA pAlana karanevAle, vibhinna ruciyoMvAle aura vibhinna AdhyAtmika mAnyatAoM para dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhanevAle) sAdhugaNoM ke tatkAlInasAhitya meM jo bahata-se nizcita aura nirantara ullekha Aye haiM, unheM dekhate hue yaha socanA ucita hogA ki isa vizeSatA ke akasmAt sAmane Ane ke kucha jAne-pahacAne bahiraMga-kAraNa bhI haiN| inameM se eka yaha hai ki Arya-saMskRti ke mArgadarzaka sAmUhikarUpa se jaba pUrva-dizA meM baDhe, taba ve kinhIM aisI jAtiyoM ke samparka meM Aye, jo kisI dUsare hI sopAna para khar3I thiiN| isa dUsare mAdhyama se prApta kI gayI bhramaNazIla-sAdhuoM kI saMsthA meM, svabhAvata:, isakAraNa se kucha parivartana AyA hogA ki vaha AryoM kI AcAra-saMhitA aura anuzAsana ke zeSa-bhAga meM ghula-mila sake, kintu isa navodita-saMsthA kI uttarAdhikAra meM prApta-pravRtti kAlAntara meM pratiSThApita-mAnadaNDoM ko nakArane ke lie vivaza huii| yahA~ taka ki aise samaya jaba yaha saMsthA samAja se alaga-alaga vana-prAntaroM yA parvata-kandarAoM meM raha rahI thI, usane darzana kA upadeza ghara-ghara jAkara denA Arambha kara diyA aura paramparA se paricita zikSita- varga se apanA samparka nyUnatara kara liyA, jisake phalasvarUpa vibhinna mAnyatAoM aura ruciyoMvAle buddhijIviyoM meM nizcitarUpa se abhISTa-parivartana aayaa| upaniSaduttarakAla ke adhyayana ke srota ke rUpa meM mAnya-granthoM arthAt jaina aura bauddha-AgamoM tathA AMzikarUpa se 'mahAbhArata' meM aise vibhinna caityavAsiyoM, sAdhviyoM aura zramaNoM ke vizada-prasaMga bhare par3e haiM, jo saba prakAra ke viSayoM para bauddhika vicAra-vimarza tathA Atmika anusandhAna meM saMlagna rahate the, pratyeka mukhya-upadeSTA yA gaNAcArya adhikatama gaNoM yA ziSyoM ko AkRSTa karane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA thA; kyoMki unakI saMkhyA usa upadeSTA kI yogyatA kI sUcaka mAnI jAtI thii|' brAhmaNa-sAdhuvRtti se sarvathA bhinna jaina-munisaMgha kI svatantra-prakRti aura udbhava ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajhane meM isa lambe kathAnaka se paryApta-sahAyatA milatI hai| zramaNoM kA yaha mArga sampUrNa-nivRtti (sAMsArika jIvana se pUrNatayA parAGmukhatA) aura samasta anagAratva (gRhatyAgI kI avasthA) tathA ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya kA samanvitarUpa hai| mana (manas), zarIra (kAya), aura vANI (vAk) ke sabaprakAra se nirodha arthAt trigupti kI dhAraNA se sAdhutva kA Adarza isa sImA taka adhika nikhara uThatA hai ki vaha nirantara upavAsa (sallekhanA) meM pratiphalita ho jAtA hai, jisakA vidhAna isa dharma ke atirikta kisI anya dharma meM nahIM hai| jaina-sAdhutva ke aise hI advitIya-AcAroM meM AlocanA arthAt apane pApoM kI 00 136 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ svIkArokti aura pratikramaNa arthAt pApoM ke parizodhana kA nityakarma ullekhanIya haiN| jaina-sAdhutva kA eka aura advitIya-AcAra hai, kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tapazcaraNa--jisameM sAdhu isaprakAra khar3A rahatA hai ki usake hAtha yA bhujAyeM zArIrika anubhUti se asaMpRkta ho jAte haiN| yaha mudrA, kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, har3appA se prApta eka mudrA para aMkita hai, jisa para Upara kI paMkti meM eka sAdhu vana meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3A hai auraeka baila ke pAsa baiThA eka gRhastha-zrAvaka unakI pUjA kara rahA hai, aura nIce kI paMkti meM sAta AkatiyA~, tathokta kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3I hai| isa samIkaraNa se har3appAkAla meM jainadharma ke astitva kA saMketa milatA hai| anya vidvAnoM ne tathAkathita pazupativAlI prasiddha mudrA kA eka tIrthaMkara (kadAcit RSabhanAtha) se samIkaraNa hone kA saMketa kiyA hai| - (sAbhAra uddhRta - mahAbhiSeka smaraNikA, pRSTha 11-13, prakAzaka--bhAratIya jJAnapITha)** jainatva kA prabhAva aba prazna yaha hai ki jainadharma kI dezanA kyA hai? athavA zravaNabelgola aura anya sthAnoM kI bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrtiyA~ evaM anya caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM saMsAra ko kyA sandeza detI haiM? 'jina' zabda kA artha 'vikAroM ko jItanA' hai| jainadharma ke pravartakoM ne manuSya ko samyaka zraddhA, samyaka bodha, samyaka jJAna aura nirdoSa cAritra ke dvArA paramAtmA banane kA Adarza upasthita kiyA hai| jainadharma kA Izvara meM pUrNa vizvAsa hai| jainadharma ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma kA 2500 varSoM kA eka lambA itihAsa hai| yaha dharma bhArata meM eka kone se dUsare kone taka rahA hai| Aja bhI gujarAta, mathurA, rAjasthAna, bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA, dakSiNa maisUra aura dakSiNa bhArata isake pracAra ke kendra haiN| isa dharma ke sAdhu aura vidvAnoM ne isa dharma ko samujjvala kiyA aura jaina-vyApAriyoM ne bhArata meM sarvatra sahasroM maMdira banavAye, jo Aja bhArata kI dhArmika purAtattva evaM kalA kI anupama zobhA haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unase pUrva ke tIrthaMkaroM ne buddha kI taraha bhArata meM batAyA ki mokSa kA mArga kore kriyAkANDa meM nahIM hai, balki vaha prema aura viveka para nirdhArita hai| mahAvIra aura buddha kA avatAra eka aise samaya meM huA hai, jaba bhArata meM bhArI rAjanaitika uthala-puthala ho rahI thii| mahAvIra ne eka aisI sAdhu-saMsthA kA nirmANa kiyA, jisakI bhitti pUrNa-ahiMsA para nirdhArita thii| unakA 'ahiMsA paramo dharma:' kA siddhAnta sAre saMsAra meM 2500 varSoM taka agni kI taraha vyApta ho gyaa| anta meM isane navabhArata ke pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ko apanI ora AkarSita kiyaa| yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hai ki ahiMsA ke siddhAMta para hI mahAtmA gAMdhI ne navIna bhArata kA nirmANa kiyaa| -(zravaNabelgola aura dakSiNa ke anya jainatIrtha', TI.ena. rAmacandran, DAirekTara-janarala, purAtattva vibhAga, pRSTha 24-25).. prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 137 Page #140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jainadharma kA prasAra -zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva jainadharma aura saMskRti bhArata kI prAcInatama saMskRti hai, aura paM. javAharalAla neharU jaise spaSTa vicAradhArA vAle sabhI manISiyoM ne jainoM ko bhArata kA mUlanivAsI mAnA hai| bhArata meM upalabdha aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra kisa kSetra meM kaba huA? aura usake sUtradhAra kauna the?- isa viSaya meM suprasiddha itihAsavettA evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke niSpakSa prastotA zrI zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva kA yaha Alekha sabhI pAThakoM ko udAra mana se paThanIya, mananIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| -sampAdaka tIrthakara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke madhya DhAI sau varSa lambe antarAla me jainadharma ke prasAra athavA usakI sthiti ke viSaya meM prAya: koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga' se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa avadhi meM 363 mata-matAMtaroM kA udaya huA thA; parantu yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki ina vicAradhArAoM kA jainadharma ke sAtha kitanA aura kyA sambandha thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke nirvANoparAnta usa kAla meM aisA koI ullekhanIya vyaktitva sAmane nahIM AyA, jo jainadharma ko puna:saMgaThita kara usakA prasAra kara paataa| kintu mahAvIra ne isa paristhiti meM parivartana lA diyA aura apane caritra, dUradarzitA evaM kriyAzIlatA ke bala para jainadharma ko saMgaThita kara unhoMne usakA prasAra kiyaa| mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI' ke eka upanagara kuNDagrAma meM huA thA, jo aba 'basukuNDa' kahalAtA hai| unakI mAtA prasiddha vaizAlI nagara (uttara bihAra ke vaizAlI jile meM Adhunika basAr3ha) meM janmI thiiN| mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvA meM huA, jisakI pahicAna vartamAna paTanA-jilAntargata pAvApurI ke sAtha hI jAtI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIra bihAra se ghaniSThatama rUpa se sambaddha rhe| ____ mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta suvidita hai| unhoMne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gRhatyAga kiyA thaa| usake uparAnta bAraha varSa taka tapasyA kI aura tatpazcAt tIsa varSa paryanta vihAra karake dharma-pracAra kiyaa| unake nirvANa kI paramparAmAnya tithi IsA-pUrva 527 hai| mahAvIra ke katipaya pratidvandvI bhI rahe pratIta hote haiM, jinameM se eka prabala pratidvandvI 00 138 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AjIvaka-sampradAya kA saMsthApaka gosAla makkhaliputta' thaa| vaha 'zrAvastI' kA nivAsI thaa| parantu usake sunizcita prabhAva-kSetra kA nirNaya karanA duSkara hai| yaha to suvidita hai ki AjIvakoM kA astitva azoka ke samaya meM aura usake bhI uparAnta rhaa| mahAvIra ke gyAha mukhya-ziSya gaNadhara the, jinhoMne jainasaMgha ko upayukta rUpa meM anuzAsita rakhA thaa| ye sabhI gaNadhara brAhmaNa the, jo bihAra kI choTI-choTI bastiyoM se Aye pratIta hote haiN| unameM mAtra do gaNadhara rAjagRha' aura 'mithilA' jaise nagaroM se Aye the| mahAvIra ke saMgaThana-kauzala tathA unake gaNadharoM kI niSThA ne jaina-saMgha ko suvyavasthita banAye rakhA; kintu mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI 'bahuraya' tathA 'jIvapaesiya' nAmaka do pRthak saMgha gaThita hue batAye jAte haiN| yadyapi unheM koI vizeSa-samarthana prApta huA nahIM lagatA / anta meM digambara-zvetAmbara nAmaka saMgha-bheda hI aisA huA, jisane jainadharma ke vikAsa-krama, prasAra-kSetra, municaryA aura pratimA-vijJAna ko prabhAvita kiyaa| mahAvIroparAnta kA sahasrAbda digambara-zvetAmbara saMghabheda ke prasaMga meM IsA-pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM dakSiNa-bhArata meM jainadharma ke prasAra kA ullekha milatA hai| parantu isa para carcA karane ke pUrva hama mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAnta tathA mauryoM se pUrva ke yuga meM uttara-bhArata meM jainadharma ke prasAra kA lekhA-jokhA le leN| IsA-pUrva kI cauthI zatAbdI meM hue nandoM ke katipaya pUrvajoM kA mahAvIra ke sAtha kucha sambandha rahA pratIta hotA hai| anuzruti hai ki mahArAja seNiya bambhasAra (zreNika bimbisAra) aura usakA putra kUNiya (kuNika) yA ajAtasattu (ajAtazatru) mahAvIra ke bhakta the| ajAtazatru ke zAsanakAla meM hI gautama buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa hue| kintu yadi mahAvIra kA nirvANa IsApUrva 527 aura buddha kA 487 yA 483 meM huA mAneM, to isa kathana ko siddha karane meM kaThinAI AtI hai| bauddha-granthoM meM isa nareza ke prati kI gayI nindA se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki isakA jhukAva jainadharma kI ora thaa| yahI bAta usake uttarAdhikArI 'udAyI' ke viSaya meM kahI jA sakatI hai, jisake dvArA pATaliputra meM eka jaina-mandira kA nirmANa karAyA gayA batAyA jAtA hai, tathA jisake rAjamahala meM jaina-sAdhuoM kA nirbAdharUpa se AnA-jAnA thaa| yadyapi pATaliputra meM ukta-mandira ke astitva kA koI purAtAttvika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai; tathApi yaha sambhAvanA hai ki isa nareza ke samaya meM yaha prasiddha rAjadhAnI jainadharma kA kendra bana gayI thii| usake uttarAdhikArI nanda-rAjAoM ne bhI jainadharma ko alpAdhika-saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA pratIta hotA hai| eka anuzruti ke anusAra navam nanda kA jaina-maMtrI 'sagaDAla' suprasiddha jainAcArya sthUlabhadra kA pitA thaa| 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka meM varNana milatA hai ki jaina-sAdhuoM ko rAjA nanda kA vizvAsa prApta thaa| sambhavata: isIlie cANakya ne nanda ko rAjapada se prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 139 Page #142 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ haTAne ke lie eka jaina-sAdhu kI sevAoM kA upayoga kiyA thaa| sAhityika-sAkSyoM se kahIM adhika vizvasanIya IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI (kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra dvitIya zatAbdI) meM hue kaliMga ke zAsaka cetivaMzIya mahArAjA khAravela ke zilAlekha kA sAkSya upalabdha hai| isa abhilekha ke anusAra yaha nareza apane zAsana ke bArahaveM varSa meM kaliMga kI tIrthaMkara pratimA ko, jise magadha kA nandarAja lUTakara le gayA thA, vApasa kaliMga le AyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki nandoM ke samaya taka jainadharma kA prasAra kaliMga deza paryanta ho cukA thaa| 'vyavahArabhASya' meM bhI rAjA 'tosaliga' kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jo tosalinagara meM virAjamAna eka tIrthaMkara-pratimA kI manoyogapUrvaka rakSA meM dattacitta thaa| nandoM ke uttarAdhikArI mauryavaMzIya rAjAoM meM se kaI jainadharma ke prazrayadAtA rahe pratIta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha, eka avicchinna jaina anuzruti ke anusAra candragupta maurya kA jainadharma kI ora dRr3ha-jhukAva thaa| anuzruti hai ki 'bhadrabAhu' nAmaka suprasiddha jainAcArya ne candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM magadha meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa kI bhaviSyavANI kI thI aura vaha apane parama-ziSya candragupta ke sAtha dakSiNa-bhArata kI ora vihAra kara gaye the tathA yaha bhI ki samrAT candragupta maurya ne sallekhanA-vratapUrvaka samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa prasaMga se sambandhita zilAlekhIya-sAkSya san 650 jitanA prAcIna hai| candragupta ke samaya meM jaina-muniyoM kI upasthiti ke samarthana meM kucha vidvAn candragupta kI rAjasabhA meM Aye yUnAnI rAjadUta maigasthanIja dvArA kiye gaye zramaNoM ke ullekha ko prastuta karate haiN| yadi hama zilAlekha meM ullikhita anuzruti ko itanI paravartI hone para bhI svIkAra karate haiM, to usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki dakSiNa-bhArata meM cauthI zatAbdI IsA-pUrva meM hI jainadharma kA prasAra ho cukA thaa| candragupta ke uttarAdhikArI bindusAra ke viSaya meM jaina-srota mauna haiN| bindusAra ke uttarAdhikArI azoka ke viSaya meM to yaha suvidita hI hai ki vaha bauddhadharma kA prabala pakSadhara. thaa| kadAcit isIlie jaina-srota azoka ke viSaya meM pUrNatayA mauna haiN| kucha vidvAn azoka kI ahiMsApAlana-viSayaka vijJaptiyoM aura sarvadharma-samabhAva kI ghoSaNA meM AvazyakatA se adhika artha nikAlane kI ceSTA karate haiN| ye to mAtra azoka kI naitika udAratA aura sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA ke paricAyaka haiM, kyoMki usane ye Adeza prasArita kiye the ki brAhmaNoM, zramaNoM, nirgranthoM aura AjIvikoM ko ucita sammAna aura surakSA pradAna kI jaaye| kintu jaina-grantha azoka ke putra kuNAla' ke viSaya meM, jo 'ujjayinI' pradeza kA rAjyapAla thA, adhika vizada-vivaraNa dete haiN| bAda ke varSoM meM usane apane pitA azoka ko prasanna karake unase yaha prArthanA kI thI ki 'rAjya use de diyA jaaye|' kahA jAtA hai ki azoka ne kuNAla ke putra 'samprati' ko madhya-bhArata sthita ujjaina' meM apane pratinidhi ke rUpa meM rAjA niyukta kiyA thA aura kuNAla ne kAlAntara meM samUce dakSiNApatha ko vijita kara liyA thaa| azoka kI mRtyu ke uparAnta 'samprati' ujjaina para aura 'dazaratha' pATaliputra 00 140 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #143 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ para zAsanArUr3ha rahe pratIta hote haiN| samprati ne jainadharma ke prasAra meM prabhUta-yoga diyaa| sAhityika-sAkSyoM ke anusAra vaha Arya suhasti kA ziSya thA aura jaina-sAdhuoM ko bhojana evaM vastra pradAna karatA thaa| yadi yaha satya hai, to isakA artha hai ki IsA-pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI ke anta taka jainadharma madhya-pradeza meM prasAra pA cukA thaa| samprati ko ujjaina prAnta meM jaina-parvo ke mAnane tathA jina-pratimA-pUjotsava karane kA zreya diyA jAtA hai| bRhat-kalpasUtra-bhASya, ke anusAra usane anda (AMdhra), damila (dravir3a), maharaTTa (mahArASTra) aura kuDukka (kor3agu) pradezoM ko jaina-sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie surakSita banA diyA thaa| __mauryakAla meM jainadharma kA jana-sAdhAraNa para prabhAva thA, isakA samarthana paTanA ke nikaTavartI lohAnIpura se prApta jinabimba ke dhar3a se bhI hotA hai / yadyapi samprati ko aneka jaina-mandiroM ke nirmANa karAne kA zreya diyA jAtA hai; parantu Aja ina mandiroM kA koI bhI avazeSa prApta nahIM hai, jo isa tathya kI puSTi kara ske| prathama zatAbdI IsA-pUrva ke kaliMga-nareza cetivaMzIya khAravela kA ullekha hama pahale kara cuke haiM, jo usa kaliMga-jinabimba ko puna: apanI rAjadhAnI (kaliMga) meM le AyA thA, jise lUTakara nandarAja magadha le gayA thaa| ur3IsA meM bhuvanezvara kI nikaTavartI pahAr3iyoM meM sthita hAthIgumphA meM prApta khAravela kA zilAlekha jainadharma ke viSaya meM bhI prasaMgata: rocaka-vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| yaha zilAlekha arhatoM evaM siddhoM kI vandanA se prArambha hotA hai aura yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki khAravela ne cauMsaTha-akSarI saptAMgoM (vAstava meM yaha dvAdazAMgI jinavANI yA dvAdazAMgI zruta hai, isakA mUlavAkya hai--"co-yaThi-aMga-saMtikaM turiyaM upaadyti|" - saMpAdaka) ko saMkalita karAyA thA, jo mauryakAla meM naSTa ho gaye the| isase spaSTa hai ki khAravela jainadharma ke sAtha sakriyarUpa se sambaddha thaa| __ jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai jainadharma ke samasta ninavoM (bhinna mata-sampradAya) meM digambara-zvetAmbara matabheda hI gambhIratama thA; kyoMki isI ke kAraNa jainadharma sthAyIrUpa se do AmnAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| ukta matabheda ke janma ke viSaya meM digambara evaM zvetAmbaroM dvArA diye gaye kathAnakoM ke vistAra meM jAnA yahA~ adhika samIcIna nahIM hai, mAtra itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki digambara-AmnAya ke anusAra candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM dvAdazavarSIya-durbhikSa ne jaina-munisaMgha ke eka bhAga ko AcArya bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM dakSiNa-bhArata kI ora vihAra kara jAne ke lie vivaza kiyA aura jo muni magadha meM hI raha gaye the, unheM khaNDavastra dhAraNa karane kI chUTa de dI gyii| ye arddhaphAlaka muni hI zvetAmbaroM ke pUrvarUpa the| inake viparIta zvetAmbaroM kA kahanA hai ki 'zivabhUti' nAmaka sAdhu ne krodha ke Aveza meM nagnatva svIkAra kiyA thaa| ataeva ina sAmpradAyika-kathanoM ko svIkAra karane kI apekSA yaha kahanA adhika nirApada hogA ki usa kAla meM aise do vargoM kA astitva thA, prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 141 Page #144 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jinameM se eka sthitipAlaka yA zuddhAcArI thA, jo nagnatA para bala detA thA aura dUsarA zArIrika rUpa se vRddha tathA akSama jaina-sAdhuoM kA varga thA, jo pahale varga ke digambaratva kA samarthaka nahIM thaa| kAlAntara meM yahI zuddhAcArI (jinakalpI) aura zithilAcArI (sthavirakalpI) sAdhu kramaza: 'digambara' aura 'zvetAmbara' sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM pratiphalita ho gaye hoNge| jo bhI ho, yaha bAta yuktiyukta pratIta hotI hai ki ina donoM sampradAyoM ke madhya matabheda dhIre-dhIre bar3hate gaye, jo IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga aMta taka rUr3ha ho gye| ujjaina se Age ke bhArata ke pazcimI bhAga IsApUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM hI jainadharma ke prabhAva meM A gaye pratIta hote haiN| sAhityika anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra saMmprati maurya ke bhAI sAlizuka ne saurASTra meM jainadharma ke prasAra meM yoga diyaa| gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a ke sAtha jainadharma kA paramparAgata sambandha bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha ke samaya taka pahu~catA hai, jinhoMne 'kAThiyAvAr3a' meM munidIkSA lI thii| isaprakAra prAya: IsApUrva dUsarI zatAbdI taka kaliMga, avantI aura saurASTra jainadharma ke prabhAva meM A gaye pratIta hote haiN| uttarakAlIna jaina sAhitya meM pratiSThAna uttarI dakSiNApatha meM sthita vartamAna paiThana' meM zAsana karane vAle sAtavAhanavaMzI nareza sAlAhaNa yA zAlivAhana se sambandhita kathAnaka pracura mAtrA meM prApta hote haiN| kAlakAcArya ne, jinakA paurANika-sambandha pazcimI-bhArata ke zaka-zAsaka ke sAtha rahA thA, zAlivAhana se bhI samparka kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| hAla hI meM pro. sAMkaliyA IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ke eka zilAlekha ko prakAza meM lAye haiM, jisakA prArambha unake anusAra eka jainamantra ke sAtha hotA hai| tathApi, sAtavAhanoM ke sAtha jainoM ke vyApaka-sambandhoM ke pramANa atyalpa hI haiN| sudUra dakSiNa meM siMhanandi dvArA IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga gaMga-rAjya kI sthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma ne vastuta: 'rASTradharma' kA rUpa prApta kara liyA thaa| koMguNivarmana, avinIta tathA zivamAra jaise rAjA tathA unake uttarAdhikArI bhI jainadharma ke parama- upAsaka the, jinhoMne jaina-mandiroM, maThoM tathA anya pratiSThAnoM ke lie anudAna diye the| gaMga-rAjAoM kI bhA~ti, kadamba-rAjA (cauthI zatI I. se) bhI jainadharma ke saMrakSaka the| kAkutsyavarmana, mRgezavarmana, ravivarmana evaM devavarmana ke zAsanakAloM ke zilAlekha kadambarAjya meM jainadharma kI lokapriyatA ke sAkSI haiN| ina abhilekhoM meM zvetapaToM, nirgranthoM tathA kUrcakoM (nagna tapasviyoM) ke ullekha haiM, jo ki vibhinna-sAdhusaMghoM meM saMgaThita rahe pratIta hote haiN| ye abhilekha devapratimAoM kI ghRta-pUjA jaisI katipaya prathAoM kA bhI ullekha karate haiN| __ aise bhI kucha sAkSya mile haiM, jinase vidita hotA hai ki sudUra dakSiNa ke katipaya ceravaMzIya nareza bhI jaina-AcAryoM ke saMrakSaka rahe the| guerinaoNTa ne cola-zAsanakAla ke kucha zilAlekhoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai, jinameM jaina-saMsthAoM ke lie bhUmi pradAna kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| 00 142 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #145 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aba hama punaH madhya evaM uttara bhArata meM jainadharma ke prasAra kI sthiti para vicAra kareMge / aisI anuzruti hai ki IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga 'ujjaina' meM suprasiddha vikramAditya kA udaya huA thA, jise prasiddha jainAcArya siddhasena ne jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / prasiddha kAlakAcArya kathAnaka se vidita hotA hai ki kisa prakAra ukta AcArya ne pazcima aura madhya-bhArata meM zakarAja kA praveza karAyA thA / isaprakAra yaha pratIta hotA hai ki madhya bhArata aura dakSiNApatha meM, jahA~ jaina dharma kA prathama samparka sambhavata: candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM huA thA, jainadharma kI pravRtti kinhIM aMzoM meM banI rahI / isakA samarthana hAla hI meM pUnA jile meM prApta IsApUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke eka jaina guphA - zilAlekha se hotA hai / uttara-bhArata meM 'mathurA' jainadharma kA mahAn kendra thA / jainastUpa ke avazeSa tathA hAla meM hI prApta zilAlekha, jinameM se kucha IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI taka ke haiM, mathurA kSetra meM jainadharma kI sampanna- sthiti kI sUcanA dete haiM | mathurA- sthita 'kaMkAlI' TIle ke utkhanana se IMTa-nirmita stUpa ke avazeSa, tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM, unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke aMkana se yukta mUrtikhaNDa, AyAgapaTa, toraNa tathA vedikA - stambha Adi prakAza meM Aye haiM, jo adhikAMzataH kuSANakAlIna haiM / 'vyavahArabhASya' (5,27) ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mathurA meM eka ratnajaTita stUpa thA, tathA mathurAnivAsI jainadharma ke anuyAyI the aura ve tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM kI pUjA karate the 1 mathurA se prApta ye sAkSya jainadharma ke vikAsa ke itihAsa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| anekAneka zilAlekha yaha tathya prakaTa karate haiM ki tatkAlIna samAja ke vyApArI tathA nimnavarga ke vyakti bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jainadharmAnuyAyI the, kyoMki dAna denevAloM meM koSAdhyakSa, gandhI, dhAtukarmI (luhAra, ThaThere Adi), goSThiyoM ke sadasya, grAma - pramukha, sArthavAhoM kI patniyA~, vyApArI, nartakoM kI patniyA~, svarNakAra tathA gaNikA jaise vargoM ke vyakti sammilita the / ina zilAlekhoM meM vibhinna gaNoM, kuloM, zAkhAoM tathA sambhAgoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jinase jJAta hotA hai ki jainasaMgha sugaThita evaM suvyavasthita thA / tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka pratimAoM kI prApti se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki isa kAla taka mUrtipUjA pUrNarUpeNa sthApita evaM pracalita ho cukI thii| IsA san kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM saurASTra meM jainadharma kI pravRtti kA anumAna, kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'jUnAgar3ha' ke nikaTa 'bAbA- pyArA maTha' meM pAye gaye jaina pratIkoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai; kintu yaha sAkSya pUrNatayA vizvAsaprada nahIM hai / kSatrapa - zAsaka jayadAmana ke pautra ke jUnAgar3havAle zilAlekha meM 'kevalajJAna' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo vastuta: eka jaina - pAribhASika zabda hai / isase vidita hotA hai ki kAThiyAvAr3a meM jainadharma kA astitva kama se kama IsA san kI prAthamika zatAbdiyoM se rahA hai| prophesara sAMkaliyA ne isa samabandha meM vartamAna rAjakoTa jilAntargata goMDala se prApta tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai; jinakA samaya vaha san 300 ke lagabhaga nirdhArita karate haiM / isase Age kI zatAbdiyoM meM gujarAta meM prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 00143 Page #146 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jainadharma kA prabala prabhAva rahA, yaha isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki valabhI' meM do sammelana (saMgItiyA~) Ayojita hue the, jinameM se prathama cauthI zatAbdI meM tathA dvitIya pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM hue batAye jAte haiM, kintu ina sammelanoM kI tithiyoM ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| isaprakAra yaha pratIta hotA he ki IsA san ke Arambha hone taka tathA usakI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM jainadharma kA kAryakSetra pUrvI-bhArata se madhya-bhArata evaM pazcima-bhArata kI ora sthAnAntarita ho gayA thaa| uttara-bhArata meM kuSANoM ke patanoparAnta guptazAsakoM ne brAhmaNadharma ko punarujjIvita evaM saMgaThita karane meM sahAyatA dii| tathApi yaha mAnanA sadoSa hogA ki usa kAla meM jainadharma kA gatyavarodha huaa| yadyapi gupta-zAsaka mUlata: vaiSNava the, tathApi unhoMne ullekhanIya dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricaya diyaa| aba yaha vidita hai ki prArambhika gupta-zAsaka rAmagupta ke samaya meM tIrthakara-pratimAoM kI pratiSThA huI thii| kumAragupta ke zAsanakAla meM utkIrNa udayagiri guphA' ke zilAlekha meM pArzvanAtha kI pratiSThApanA kA ullekha milatA hai| mathurA ke eka zilAlekha meM eka zrAvikA dvArA koTTiyagaNa' ke apane guru ke upadeza se eka pratimA kI sthApanA karAyeM jAne kA ullekha hai| kumAragupta ke uttarAdhikArI skandagupta ke zAsanakAla se bhI sambandhita isaprakAra kI sAmagrI prApta huI hai| kahAU~-stambha' ke lekha meM, jo ki san 460-61 kA hai, 'madra' nAmaka vyakti dvArA pA~ca tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThApanA kA varNana hai| ina yatra-tatra bikhare sAkSyoM meM usa vivaraNa ko bhI sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo ki bA~glAdeza meM 'pahAr3apura' se prApta tAmrapatra para utkIrNa hai aura budhagupta ke zAsanakAla kA hai| usameM eka brAhmaNa-dampatti dvArA eka jaina-vihAra kI AvazyakatAoM kI sampUrti ke lie bhUmidAna kA ullekhana hai| isa saMdarbha meM haivela kA yaha kathana uddharaNIya hai ki : 'gupta-samrAToM kI rAjadhAnI brAhmaNa-saMskRti kA kendra bana gayI thI, kintu jana-sAmAnya apane pUrvajoM kI dhArmikaparamparAoM kA hI pAlana karatA thA, aura bhArata ke adhikAMza-bhAgoM meM bauddha evaM jaina-vihAra sArvajanika-vidyAlayoM evaM vizvavidyAlayoM ke rUpa meM kArya kara rahe the| paravartI itihAsa uttara-bhArata meM gupta sAmrAjya ke patanoparAnta harSavardhana ke rAjyArambha taka kA itihAsa dhUmila-sA hai| yadyapi harSa kA bauddha dharma se ghaniSTha-sambandha thA, tathApi jaisA ki jaina-gRhasthoM dvArA bihAra ke jaina-saMsthAnoM ko diye gaye dAnoM se jJAta hotA hai, jainadharma ne isa kAla meM apanA astitva banAye rkhaa| yoM usakI sthiti durbala hI rhii| harSa ke paravartIkAla meM jainadharma ne rAjapUtAnA, gujarAta aura madhya-bhArata meM prasAra paayaa| divagar3ha' se prApta pratIhArakAlIna katipaya zilAlekha san 862 ke lagabhaga vahA~ eka stambha ke sthApita kiye jAne kA ullekha karate haiN| devagar3ha meM jaina-mandiroM ke eka samUha ke avazeSa 00 144 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka ___ Page #147 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM prApta huI haiN| jodhapura' ke nikaTa 'osiyA' se prApta vatsarAja (778-812) ke zAsanakAla ke eka anya zilAlekha meM eka jaina- mandira ke nirmANa kA vivaraNa hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki pratIhAroM ke zAsanakAla me jainadharma sakriya rahA, yadyapi usake vaibhava ke dina bIta cuke the| nauvIM zatAbdI se bundelakhaNDa-kSetra ke zAsaka candela-rAjAoM ke samaya meM jainadharma apane lupta-vaibhava ko puna: prApta karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| khajurAhoM meM AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke bhavya-mandira tathA ghaMTAI-mandira ke avazeSa isa tathya ke pratyakSa pramANa haiM ki isa kSetra me jainadharma ke anuyAyI vizAla-saMkhyA meM the| dhaMgarAja madanavarmana aura paramArdina ke zAsanakAloM ke bhI jaina-dhArmika-zilAlekha upalabdha haiN| vAstu-smArakoM tathA mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa tathA zilAlekha yaha siddha karate haiM ki nauvIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya mahobA, khajurAho tathA anya sthAna jainadharma ke mahAn-kendra the| haihayoM (nauvIM se terahavIM zatAbdI), paramAroM (lagabhaga dasavIM se terahavIM zatAbdI), kacchapaghAtoM, (lagabhaga san 950 se 1125) ora gAhar3avAla rAjAoM (lagabhaga 1075 se 1200 san) ke zAsanakAloM meM mAlavA, gujarAta, rAjasthAna tathA uttarapradeza ke bhAgoM meM jainadharma kA vyApaka prabhAva rahA, jaisAki ina kSetroM meM sthAna-sthAna para pAye gaye anekAneka zilAlekhoM, pratimAoM aura bhagna-mandiroM se samarthita hotA hai| dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM mAlavA ke kucha paramAra rAjAoM, yathA siMdhurAja, muJja, bhoja aura jayasiMha ne anekAneka prasiddha jaina-vidvAnoM evaM sAhityakAroM ko prazraya pradAna kiyA thaa| paM. AzAdhara jaise kucha anya labdhapratiSTha jaina-vidvAn isI vaMza ke nareza arjunavarmana ke prazraya meM pallavita hue| paramAroM ke rAjya meM kaI jaina ucca-padoM para bhI AsIna the| madhyakAlIna gujarAta meM rASTrakUToM (san 733-795) ke zAsanakAloM meM jainadharma ko prabhUta-utkarSa prApta huaa| rASTrakUTa-kAlIna kucha tAmra-patroM meM jaina-saMgha ke kaI samudAyoM ke astitva kA ullekha hai; udAharaNArtha, karkarAja suvarNavarSa ke san 821 ke eka tAmra-patra-lekha meM senasaMgha' aura 'mUlasaMgha' kI vidyamAnatA kA tathA 'nAgasArikA' (vartamAna navasArI) meM sthita eka jaina-mandira evaM jaina-vihAra kA ullekha hai| ... caulukya-narezoM ke zAsanakAla meM zvetAmbara-jaina-sampradAya ne gujarAta meM apanA dRr3haprabhAva sthApita kara liyA thaa| isa vaMza kA zAsaka bhImadeva unakA sarvAdhika ullekhanIya prazrayadAtA thaa| yadyapi vaha zaiva-matAvalambI thA, tathApi usane mantrI vimala ko AbU parvata para prasiddha vimalavasahI' mandira ke nirmANa karAne kI anumati pradAna kI thii| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki rAjA jayasiMha kI suprasiddha jaina-AcArya hemacandra se ghaniSTha-maitrI thii| isa kAla meM zvetAmbara aura digambara AcAryoM ke madhya zAstrArtha bhI hote the| jayasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla ne pAlitAnA, giranAra aura tAraMgA meM jaina-mandiroM prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 145 Page #148 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA vizeSa dinoM meM pazu-vadha para bhI pratibandha lagAyA thaa| yaha kahanA atizayokti na hogA ki kumArapAla ke prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa gujarAta ke nivAsI Aja taka bhI zAkAhArI haiN| kumArapAla ke uparAnta jainadharma ke prati tIvra-pratikriyA huI aura kahA jAtA hai ki usake uttarAdhikArI ne kucha jaina-mandiroM ko bhI dhvasta karA diyA thaa| kintu rAjakIya-saMrakSaNa ke samApta ho jAne para bhI pratIta hotA hai ki jainadharma ko jaina mantriyoM, vyApAriyoM evaM jana-sAdhAraNa kA bahuta saMpoSaNa aura samarthana milatA rhaa| AbU, giranAra aura zaQjayaparvatoM ke mandiroM kA nirmANa baghele-rAjAoM ke mantriyoM dvArA karAyA gayA thaa| isa kAla ke aneka abhilekha sAkSI haiM ki isa samaya jainadharma ko vyApaka lokapriya samarthana prApta thaa| madhyakAlIna rAjapUtAne ke zAsaka-vaMzoM dvArA jainadharma ko pradatta rAjyAzraya kA sAkSya isa kAla ke jainoM kI dAna-prazastiyoM se prApta hotA hai| madhyakAla meM pazcima-bhArata meM jainadharma ko jo protsAhana prApta huA usane eka sthAyI-prabhAva chor3A, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM Aja bhI paryApta saMkhyA meM jainadharmAnuyAyI vidyamAna haiN| pUrvavartI zatAbdiyoM meM dakSiNApatha meM jainadharma ke prasAra kA jo alpa evaM aspaSTa sAkSya prApta hai, usakI apekSA bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM (san 535-757) ke kAla meM jainadharma kI sthiti meM vyApaka-parivartana huaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ jainadharma kI samRddha-sthiti kA paricaya aneka zilAlekhIya-sAkSyoM se prApta hotA hai| kolhApura' se prApta tAmra-patroM aura bIjApura jilAntargata ehole', dhAravAr3a jilAntargata 'lakSmezvara' aura 'adUra' se prApta zilAlekhoM meM jaina-mandiroM ke nirmANa tathA unakI vyavasthA ke lie bhUmi ke anudAna diye jAne ke ullekha milate haiN| isake atirikta isa avadhi meM bAdAmI, aihole evaM dhArAziva kI guphAoM meM pAyI gayI jaina-pratimAyeM aura pratIka dakSiNApatha meM jainadharma kI upasthiti kI sUcaka haiN| 'mAnyakheTa' ke rASTrakUToM (san 733-975) ke zAsanakAla meM jainadharma ko rAjyAzraya bhI prApta rahA pratIta hotA hai| isa vaMza ke kaI rAjAoM kA jainadharma ke prati atyanta-jhukAva rhaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki jinasena, amoghavarSa (san 814-78) ke guru the| usake uttarAdhikAriyoM kRSNa dvitIya (san 878-914), indra-tRtIya (lagabhaga san 914-22) tathA indra-caturtha (lagabhaga san 973-82) ne jainadharma ko apanA prazraya diyA tathA jaina-mandiroM ke lie anudAna diye the| yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki rASTrakUToM ke sAmanta, yathA sauMdatti ke raTTa, bhI jainadharma ke prazrayadAtA the| elorA kI jaina guphAyeM, jinake nirmANa kA samaya rASTrakUTa-kAla nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, dakSiNApatha meM jainadharma kI sampanna-sthiti ke sAkSya prastuta karatI haiN| Age calakara jainadharma ko kalyANI ke cAlukyoM (san 973-1200), devagiri ke yAdavoM (san 1187-1318) tathA zilAhAroM (san 810-1260) ke zAsanakAloM meM aura adhika 00 146 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #149 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ protsAhana prApta huA pratIta hotA hai| isa tathya kA samarthana mahArASTra ke dakSiNavartI jilo tathA karnATaka ke vibhinna bhAgoM se prApta aneka abhilekhoM se hotA hai / kalyANI ke cAlukyo ke bIsa se adhika abhilekha upalabdha haiM, jo dasavIM se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka ke haiM aura adhikAMzata: belagA~va, dhAravAr3a aura bIjApura jiloM meM pAye gaye haiN| ye abhilekha isa kSetra me jainadharma ke astitva kA sAkSya prastuta karane ke atirikta kucha anya rocaka - vivaraNa bhI prastu karate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie ye abhilekha siddha karate haiM ki isa kSetra meM digambara jainadharma ka utkarSa thA; kevala zAsakavarga hI nahIM, apitu janasAdhAraNa bhI jaina dharma ke prati udAra the; aura vibhinna saMsthAnoM ko diye gaye vipula bhUmi - anudAnoM ne maThapatiyoM kI paramparA ko janma dene kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra kara dI thI / kalacuriyoM ke zAsanakAla meM (gyArahavI se terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka ), vizeSakara bijjala (san 1156-1168) ke samaya meM, jainadharma ko durdinoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A tathApi katipaya zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki zaivoM dvArA kiye gaye utpIr3ana ke hote hue bha jainadharma kisI prakAra apane ko jIvita banAye rakha sakA aura yAdavoM ke zAsanakAla (san 11871318) meM apane astitva kI samucita rakSA meM saphala rahA / 'kolhApura' se prApta kucha zilAlekhe se jJAta hotA hai ki jainadharma kI aisI hI sthiti zilAhAroM ke zAsanakAla meM bhI rahI / jaina - AcAryoM ko diye gaye dAnoM kA ullekha karanevAle katipaya rAjyAdezoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki pUrvI cAlukyoM (san 624-1271) ke rAjya meM jainadharma pracalita thA veMkaTaramanayyA kA kathana hai ki jaina sAdhu atyanta sakriya the| deza bhara kI dhvasta bastiye meM prApta parityakta-pratimAyeM sUcita karatI haiM ki vahA~ kabhI anaginata jaina- saMsthAna rahe the pUrvI cAlukya rAjAoM aura unake prajAjanoM ke aneka abhilekhoM meM basadiyoM evaM mandiroM ke nirmANa karAye jAne tathA unake paripAlana ke lie bhUmi evaM dhana-dAna ke vivaraNa prApta haiM - yahI sthiti hoyasaloM (san 1106-1343) ke zAsanakAla meM thii| isa rAjyavaMza ka sthApanA kA zreya hI eka jaina muni ko diyA jAtA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki jainadharma eka lambI avadhi taka niSkriya rahA thA, use AcArya gopInandi ne usIprakAra sampanna eka pratiSThita banA diyA thA, jaisA vaha gaMgoM ke zAsanakAla meM thA / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki isa vaMza ke vIra ballAla-prathama (san 1101-06 ) tathA narasiMha tRtIya (san 1263-91 ) jaise ka rAjAoM ke jainadharma ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha the / sudUra dakSiNa meM kumArila, zaMkarAcArya tathA mANikka vAcakAra jaise brAhmaNa-dharma ve netAoM kA udaya hone para bhI 'kAMcI' aura 'madurA' jainoM ke sudRr3ha gar3ha bane rahe utthAna-patana kI isa parivartanazIla - prakriyA meM bhI sudUra dakSiNa aura dakSiNApatha sadaiva digambara jainadharma ke gar3ha rahe / parantu isameM sandeha nahIM ki zaivadharma ke prabala virodha ka sAmanA karane ke kAraNa AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jainadharma kA prabhAva zithila ho gaya prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 00147 Page #150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'appara' aura 'saMvandAra' nAmaka zaiva-santoM ke prabhAvAdhIna pallava (cauthI se dasavIM zatAbdI), tathA pANDya (lagabhaga tIsarI zatAbdI se 920 IsavI) rAjAoM ne jainoM kA utpIDana kiyaa| dIrghakAloparAnta vijayanagara' aura 'nAyaka' zAsakoM ke kAla meM jainoM kA zaivoM evaM vaiSNavoM ke sAtha samajhautA huA, udAharaNArtha, 'bailUra' ke beMkaTAdri nAyaka ke zAsanakAla ke san 1633I. ke eka zilAlekha meM halebiDu' meM eka jaina dvArA zivaliMga kA uccheda karane kA ullekha hai| pariNAmasvarUpa eka sAMpradAyika-upadrava huA, jisakA nipaTArA isaprakAra huA ki vahA~ pahale zaivavidhi se pUjA hogI, tadanantara jainavidhi se| musalamAnoM ke Agamana ke phalasvarUpa bhArata ke sabhI dharmoM ko AghAta sahanA pdd'aa| isameM jainadharma apavAda nahIM thaa| udAharaNArtha yaha kahA jAtA hai ki muhammada gaurI ne eka digambara-muni kA sammAna kiyA thaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai alAuddIna khilajI jaise prabala pratApI zAsaka ne jaina-AcAryoM ke prati sammAna vyakta kiyA thaa| mugala samrATa akabara ko AcArya hIrAvijaya ne prabhAvita kiyA thA aura unhIM ke upadeza se usane kaI jaina-tIrthoM ke nikaTa pazu-vadha para pratibandha lagA diyA thA tathA una tIrthoM ko kara se bhI mukta kara diyA thaa| kucha aise bhI sAkSya upalabdha haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki jahA~gIra ne bhI kucha jaina AcAryoM ko prazraya diyA thA, yadyapi usake dvArA eka jaina-adhikArI ko daMDita bhI honA par3A thaa| bhArata meM muslima-zAsana ke sambhAvita pariNAmasvarUpa pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga gujarAta ke zvetAmbara jainoM meM sthAnakavAsI-sampradAya' kA udaya huA thaa| usI avadhi meM digambara jainoM meM terApantha' nAma kA vaisA hI sampradAya astitva meM aayaa| vartamAna meM bhArata ke anya-bhAgoM kI apekSA pazcima bhArata, dakSiNApatha aura karnATaka meM jaina-dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai| jahA~ dakSiNI mahArASTra aura karnATaka meM digambara jainoM kI bahulatA hai, vahA~ gujarAta meM zvetAmbara mUrti-pUjaka aura paMjAba meM sthAnakavAsiyoM kA prAbalya hai| jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM adhikAMzata: vyApArI evaM vyavasAyI haiM, ata: yaha samAja Arthika dRSTi se susampanna hai| isa samAja kI Arthika sampannatA usake parva evaM pUjA-utsavoM tathA mandiroM ke nirmANoM meM pratibimbita hotI hai| ye pravRttiyA~ Aja bhI vizAla-stara para calatI haiN| jainadharma prasAra ke uparokta-vivaraNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jainadharma apane janmasthAna bihAra se bAhara kI ora phailatA to gayA; kintu eka avicchinna-gati ke sAtha nahIM, vividhakAraNoM se usakA pratiphalana dhArAoM yA taraMgoM ke rUpa meM huaa| jainadharma ne rAjyAzraya tathA vyApArI-varga ke saMrakSaNa para mukhyatayA nirbhara rahane ke kAraNa apane pIche mandiroM, mandira-bahula-nagaroM, sacitra pANDulipiyoM, anaginata mUrtiyoM, tathA sAMskRtika-kSetra meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI adbhuta dharohara chor3I hai|| --(sAbhAra uddhRta -- mahAbhiSeka smaraNikA, pRSTha 14-22, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha)* 00 148 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #151 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'nIrAjana' : svarUpa evaM paramparA --prabhAta kumAra dAsa bhakti kI prakriyA meM bhAratIya-paramparA meM anekavidha-kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiN| inake aucitya evaM vaiziSTya kA vivecana bhI bhAratIya-manISiyoM ne savistAra kiyA hai| isI krama meM eka zabda-vizeSa kA prayoga milatA hai-- 'niiraajn'| yaha eka bhaktiparaka prakriyA-vizeSa hai| bhAratIya-paramparA meM isakA jo paricaya milatA hai, usakA saMkSipta-vivaraNa nimnAnusAra ___ kozakAroM ne 'nIrAjana' zabda ko strIliMga evaM napuMsakaliMga --donoM liMgoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai| strIliMga meM isakA rUpa banatA hai 'nIrAjanA' aura napuMsakaliMga meM isakA rUpa 'nIrAjanam' banatA hai| pada-paricaya kI dRSTi se nir' upasargapUrvaka 'rAj' dhAtu se 'lyuTa' pratyaya kA vidhAna karane para 'nIrAjana' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| strItva kI vivakSA hone para isI meM strItvavAcI 'TAp' pratyaya kA vidhAna karake 'nIrAjanA' rUpa banatA hai| jabaki napuMsakaliMga meM "soram napuMsake" sUtra se prathamA ekavacana ke 'su' 'am' Adeza hokara 'nIrAjanam' rUpa bana jAtA hai| isakI vyutpatti isaprakAra mAnI gayI hai "ni:zeSeNa rAjanaM yatra sA nIrAjanA" arthAt sampUrNarUpa se zobhA jisameM ho, vaha nIrAjanA hai| athavA "nIrasya zAntyudakasya ajanaM kSepo yatra sA nIrAjanA" arthAt 'nIra' yA 'zAMtijala' kA kSepaNa jisameM kiyA jAye, vaha 'nIrAjanA hai|' isake artha meM 'dIpadAna' yA 'AratI' zabdoM kA prayoga kozagranthoM meM prApta hotA hai|' zrI vAmana zivarAma ApTe jI ne apane saMskRta-hindI-koza' meM isa zabda kA artha 'arcanA ke rUpa meM devamUrti ke sAmane prajvalita dIpaka ghumAnA' kiyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM devopanIta ratnamaya-dIpoM se nIrAjana karane kA ullekha milatA hai, kyoMki unameM agni-prajvAlana-sambandhI jIvadayA kA pAlana hotA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra nIrAjana ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM "paJca-nIrAjanaM kuryAt prathamaM diipmaalyaa| dvitIyaM sodakAbjena tRtIyaM dhautavAsasA / / prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 149 Page #152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cUtAzvatthAdipatraizca caturthaM parikIrtitam / paJcamaM praNipAtena sASTAMgaM yathAvidhiH / / " artha :-- dIpamAlA dvArA AratI karanA pahilA-nIrAjana hai, kamalayukta jala se AratI karanA dUsarA-nIrAjana hai, dhule hue (zveta) vastra se AratI karanA tIsarA-nIrAjana hai, Amra Adi ke patroM se AratI karanA cauthA-nIrAjana hai tathA sASTAMga-praNAma karanA pA~cavA~-nIrAjana ___ isameM prathama-nIrAjana meM ArAtrika-pradIpa (rAta bhara jalanevAle dIpaka) ke dvArA nIrAjana karanA caahiye| isa pradIpa meM pA~ca yA sAta battiyA~ jalAyI jAtI haiN| jaisAki kahA hai- "kuNkumaaguru-krpuur-ghRt-cndn-nirmitaa:| vartikA: sapta vA paJca kRttvA vandApanIyakam / / " 'haribhakti vilAsa' meM likhA hai ki AratI karane se pahile mUlamantra se tIna bAra puSpAMjali denI cAhie aura mahAvAdya kI dhvani evaM 'jaya zabdoccAraNapUrvaka zubhapAtra meM ghRta yA karpUra dvArA viSama-saMkhyA meM athavA aneka vartikAyeM (bAtiyA~) jalAkara nIrAjana karanA caahiye| vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra to devatA kI AratI kI vaMdanA donoM hAthoM se karanI cAhie, eka hAtha se nhiiN| tathA jo aisA nahIM bhI kara sakeM, to AratI ke avalokanamAtra se hI unheM tatsambandhI azeSa-puNya kI prApti honA prarUpita kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, nIrAjana kI dizA kA bhI mahattva vaidika-paramparA meM batAyA gayA hai| tadanusAra uttarapUrvakoNa yA IzAna-dizA meM khar3e hokara dIpa se nIrAjana karanA caahiye| jabaki bhAratIya-paramparA meM agni kI dizA dakSiNapUrva yA Agneya-dizA mAnI gayI hai| uttarapUrva dizA ke pUjya hone ke kAraNa hI saMbhavata: aisA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ___ vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra yadi pUjA Adi meM mantrAdi se hInatA raha gayI ho, to 'nIrAjana' karane se pUjA kI vidhi nirdoSa va paripUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| jaisAki 'skandapurANa' meM likhA hai-- "mantrahInaM kriyAhInaM yatkRtaM pUjanaM hreH|| sarvaM sampUrNatAmeti kRte nIrAjane zive / / " jaina-paramparA kI pUjAvidhi meM bhI isase kucha sAmya rakhanevAlA eka padya prApta hotA hai-- "mantrahInaM kriyAhInaM dravyahInaM tathaiva c| tatsarvaM kSamyatAM deva ! rakSa-rakSa jinezvara / / " yaha padya jinendra-pUjana ke anta meM par3he jAnevAle 'kSamApanA-pATha' kA aMga hai| saMbhava hai ki jainoM ke kisI varga meM yaha pATha 'nIrAjana'-prakriyA ke sAtha hI par3hA jAtA hogaa| Aja bhI aisA kahIM-kahIM dRSTigocara hotA hai| kintu agnimaya dIpa jalAkara nIrAjana karanA jainoM kI ahiMsaka-saMskRti ke anurUpa pratIta nahIM hotA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika-paramparA 00 150 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #153 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ke prabhAvavaza jainoM ke kucha logoM ne yaha paddhati apanA lI hogii| ___jaina-saMskRti meM AratI yA nIrAjana ke pAtra kI AkRti-vizeSa prApta hotI hai| tadanusAra pAtra kI AkRti pAnI meM calanevAlI nAva ke samAna hotI hai, jo ki kucha-kucha ardha-candrAkAra-jaisI hotI hai| isa para pAlavAlI nAva ke samAna hI aisI AkRti banI hotI isameM Upara bane cAra cAra khAnoM kA bhI abhiprAya-vizeSa batAyA gayA hai| tadanusAra jinendrabhakti-pUjana kA prazasta-pariNAma paramparayA mokSa kA kAraNa hai ata: nAva kI AkRti bhavasAgara se pAra hone kI sUcaka hai tathA cAra khAne cAra ghAtiyA karmoM yA caturgati-saMsAraparibhramaNa se mukta hone ke pratIka haiN| isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhAratIya-saMskRti kI donoM pramukhadhArAoM zramaNa (jaina)paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA - meM 'nIrAjana' yA 'nIrAjanA' kI vidhi prApta hotI hai| jaina- paramparA ke 'purudeva-stavana' meM bhI 'nIrAjana' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai-- ____ "nIrAjanAkAra-rAgaharate ! purudeva te !!" isake anusAra purudeva (AdinAtha-vRSabhadeva) kA nIrAjana rAga-dveSa ke vikArI-pariNAmoM ko dUra karake vItarAgI' banane kA saMketa karatA hai| bhakti ke prakarSa meM yahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki he purudeva ! Apa nIrAjana karanevAle kA rAga dUra kara dete haiM yA ApakI nIrAjanA karane se usakA rAga dUra ho jAtA hai| indra bhI 'nIrAjana' karatA hai-- isakA ullekha jaina-paramparA meM hai "nIrAjana karatA le dIpa" / yaha isa dizA meM lekhana kA merA prathama prayAsa hai; kintu etadviSayaka-adhyayana se yaha bodha mujhe avazya ho gayA ki yadi koI gambhIratApUrvaka anusandhAna kare, to isa viSaya para eka zodhaprabandha avazya nirmita ho sakatA hai| sandarbhagrantha-sUcI 1. draSTavya, hindI vizvakoza, bhAga 12, pRSTha 141 / 2. zabdakalpadruma, bhAga 2, pRSTha 912 / / 3. hindI vizvakoza, bhAga 12, pRSTha 141 / 4. ApTekRta saMskRta-hindI koza, pRSTha 5511 5. hindI vizvakoza, bhAga 12, pRSTha 141 / 6. draSTavya, vhii| 7. draSTavya, vhii| 8. draSTavya, vhii| 9. jJAnapITha pUjAJjali, pRSTha 111 / prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 10 151 Page #154 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAMravya darzana : paramparA aura prabhAva - zrImatI raMjanA jaina bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAMkhya-darzana ko sarvAdhika prAcIna aura jJAnAtmaka vivecana kI dRSTi se sarvAdhika pratiSThita bhI mAnA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki Adi-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra 'kapila' ne hI isakA pravartana kiyA thaa| yaha itanA prAcIna thA yA nahIM? yaha bhale hI vivAda kA viSaya ho, kintu yaha satya hai ki tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samaya meM hI unake pautra mArIca kumAra ne mithyAmatoM kA pravartana karanA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| yaha bhI eka adbhuta-saMyoga hai, ki cAcA (kapila), bhatIje (mArIca) kA ziSya banakara unakA gaNadhara bnaa| sAMkhya darzana kI vicAradhArA kA bhAratIya dArzanika ciMtana aura jaina-dArzanika ciMtana para kyA prabhAva par3A, aura ye paraspara kaise sambandhoM ke sAtha Age bar3he?-- yaha viSaya dArzanika kSetra meM jijJAsA rakhanevAle pAThakoM ko avazya rocaka evaM jJAnavardhaka siddha hogaa| -sampAdaka bhAratIya-darzanoM meM 'sAMkhya' darzana eka aisA avaidika-darzana hai, jisakI prAcInatA evaM garimA sabhI ne muktakaMTha se svIkAra kI hai| isa darzana ke pravartaka maharSi kapila mAne gaye haiM- 'sAMkhyasya vaktA kapila: paramarSiH sa ucyate / ' artha:- sAMkhya ke vaktA parama-RSi kapila' kahe jAte haiN| inake bAre meM nimnAnusAra ullekha milate haiM - 'dazAnAmekaM kpilN'|' arthAt maharSi kapila daza-aMgirAoM meM se eka haiN| ve svAyambhu manu ke dauhitrarUpa meM 'Adi vidvAn' ke nAma se vikhyAta haiM, tathA ve kapila-muni sRSTi-pravRtti ke prathamayuga meM avatIrNa hue the -aisI anuzruti hai| __ jaina-paramparA meM inakA paricaya isaprakAra batAyA gayA hai 'vidhAya darzanaM sAMkhyaM, kumAreNa mriicinaa| vyAkhyAtaM nijaziSyasya, kapilasya pttiiysaa|| bhagavAn vRSabhadeva ke pautra aura cakravartI bharata ke putra atizaya-catura marIcikumAra ne sAMkhyadarzana kI racanA kara usakA vyAkhyAna apane ziSya kapila gaNadhara ke lie kiyaa| kUTastha-nitya ekAntamata kA pravartaka hone ke kAraNa inheM jaina-paramparA ke anusAra apramANa mAnA gayA hai tathA inake dvArA pratipAdita tattvajJAna ko 'mithyA' evaM duHkhadAyI bhI 00 152 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #155 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kahA gayA hai- "kapilAdi-racita zruta ko abhyaas| so hai kubodha bahu-dena traas||* astu, prathamata: isa darzana ke bAre meM kucha paricaya yahA~ prastuta hai| kozakAroM ne 'sAMkhya' kA paricaya nimnAnusAra diyA hai sAMkhya (vi.) {saMkhyA+aNu} 1. saMkhyA-saMbaMdhI, 2. AkalanakartA, 3. vivecaka, 4. vicAraka, tArkika, tarkakartA, cha: hindU darzanoM meM se eka, jisake praNetA kapila-muni mAne jAte haiN| isa zAstra kA nAma sAMkhya darzana' isalie par3A ki isameM paccIsa tattva yA satya siddhAMtoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, isa zAstra kA mukhya uddezya paccIsaveM tattva arthAt puruSa yA AtmAko anya caubIsa tattvoM ke zuddha- jJAna dvArA tathA AtmA kI unase samucita-bhinnatA sAMkhya-zAstra samasta vizva ko nirjIva 'pradhAna' yA 'prakRti' kA vikAsa mAnatA hai, jabaki 'puruSa' (AtmA) sarvathA nirlipta, eka, niSkriya-darzaka hai| saMzleSaNAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vedAnta se isakI samAnatA, tathA vizleSaNaparaka nyAya' aura vaizeSika' se bhinnatA kahI jAtI hai| parantu vedAnta se bhinnatA kI sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki sAMkhyazAstra dvaitavAda kA samarthaka hai, jinako vedAnta nahIM maantaa| isake atirikta sAMkhyazAstra paramAtmA ko vizva ke sraSTA aura niyantraka ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnatA, jinakI ki vedAnta puSTi karatA hai| 'zabdakalpadruma' meM 'sAMkhya' kA paricaya isaprakAra milatA haisAMkhya:, puM, kapilamunikRtadarzanazAstravizeSaH / tatparyyAya: kApila: iti hemacandraH / tathA ca "sAMkhyaM kapilamuninA proktaM saMsAravimuktikAraNaM hi| yatratA: saptatirAryA bhASyaM cAtra gauDapAdakRtam / / etat pavitramagrAM munirAsuraye'nukampayA pradadau / Asurirapi paJcazikhAya tena ca bahudhA kRtaM tantram / / ziSyaparamparayAgatamIzvarakRSNena caitadA-bhiH / saMkSiptamAryamatinA samyagvijJAya siddhAntam / / saptatyAM kila ye'stei'rthAH kRtsnasya SaSTitantrasya / AkhyAyikA-virahitA: / paravAdavivarjitAzcApi / / " iti saaNkhyprvcnbhaassym|| sAMkhyayoga:, puM, (yogaH / ) jJAnayogaH / sAMkhyokto sa ca brhmvidyaa| yathA-- "dvautIye zokasantaptamarjunaM brhmvidyyaa| pratibodhya harizcakre sthitaprajJasya lakSaNam / / " iti gItATIkAyAM shriidhrsvaamii|| 2 / / / / sAMkhya puN0| saMkhyAnaM saMkhyA vivekastAM vettIti saaNkhyH| kapilaziSye / azuddhadravyAstika-matAvalambi-sAMkhyadarzana-parikalpita- padArthasiddhiriti pryaayaastikmtm|' prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 153 Page #156 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAmAnya - paricaya AtmA ke tattvajJAna ko athavA yathArtha - darzana ke pratipAdaka zAstra ko 'sAMkhya' kahate haiM / inako hI pradhAnatA dene ke kAraNa isa mata kA nAma 'sAMkhya' hai / athavA 25 tattvoM kA varNana karane ke kAraNa 'sAMkhya' kahA jAtA hai / sAMkhya-darzana mUlata: nirIzvaravAdI darzana rahA hai / paravartIkAla meM sAMkhya ke kucha AcArya. Izvara kI sattA mAnane lage the, ata: 'sezvara - sAMkhya' kA varga bhI sAMkhya darzana meM jAnA jAne lgaa| 'sAMkhya-sUtra' ke praNetA Izvara ke abhAva ke bAre meM likhate haiMIzvarAsiddheH - (sAMkhyasUtra, 1/ 93 ) arthAt Izvara kI sattA kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotI / pravartaka - sAhitya va samaya (1) isake mUla-praNetA maharSi kapila the, jinheM 'kSatriyaputra' batAyA jAtA hai aura upaniSadoM Adi meM jinheM 'avatAra' mAnA gayA hai| inakI kRtiyA~ haiM-- sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, tathA tattvasamAsa / inakA samaya bhagavAn vIra va mahAtmA buddha se pUrva mAnA gayA hai / (2) kapila ke sAkSAt ziSya Asuri I.pU. 600 hue| (3) Asuri ke ziSya paMcazikha the / inhoMne isa mata kA bahuta vistAra kiyA, kRtiyA~ -- tattvasamAsa para vyAkhyA, samaya -- gArve ke anusAra IsA kI prathama zatI / (4) vArdhagaNya bhI isI guru-paramparA meM hue, samaya I. 230-300 / vArSagaNya ziSya vindhyavAsI the, jinakA asalI nAma rudrila thA, samaya - I. 250-320 (5) Izvara kRSNa bar3e prasiddha TIkAkAra hue haiM, kRtiyA~ - paSTitantra ke AdhAra para racita 'sAMkhyakArikA' yA 'sAMkhyasaptati' / samaya -- eka mAnyatA ke anusAra I. za. 2 tathA dUsarI mAnyatA se I. 340380 / (6) 'sAMkhyakArikA' para mAThara aura gaur3apAda ne TIkAyeM likhI haiM / (7) vAcaspati mizra (I. 840) ne nyAya - - vaizeSika darzanoM kI taraha 'sAMkhyakArikA' para 'sAMkhyatattvakaumudI' aura vyAsabhASya para 'tattvavaizAradI' nAmaka TIkAyeM likhiiN| (8) vijJAnabhikSu eka pratibhAzAlI vyakti the| inhoMne pUrva ke vismRta IzvaravAda kA puna: uddhAra kiyA / kRtiyA~ - sAMkhyasUtroM para 'sAMkhya-pravacana-bhASya' tathA 'sAMkhyasAra', 'pAtaJjalabhASya - vArtika', 'brahmasUtra' ke Upara 'vijJAnAmRta-bhASya' Adi granthoM kI racanA kI / ( 9 ) inake atirikta bhI-- bhArgava, vAlmIki, hArIti, devala, sanaka, nanda, sanAtana, sanatkumAra, aMgirA Adi sAMkhya- vicAraka huye / tattva-vicAra - 1. mUla - padArtha do haiM - puruSa va prakRti / 2. puruSa cetana tattva hai / vaha eka niSkriya, nirguNa, nirlipta, sUkSma va indriyAtIta hai / 3. prakRti jar3a hai / vaha do prakAra kI hai-- 'parA' va 'apraa'| parA-prakRti ko 'pradhAna', 'mUlA' yA 'avyakta' tathA aparA - prakRti ko 'vyakta' kahate haiN| avyakta-prakRti jina guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA - svarUpa hai, tathA vaha eka hai / vyaktaprakRti anitya, avyApaka, kriyAzIla tathA saguNa hai / yaha sUkSma se sthUla - paryanta krama se 23 bheda-rUpa 154 prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #157 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ haiM mahat yA buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, pA~ca jJAnendriya, pA~ca karmendriyA~, pA~ca tanmAtrAyeM va pA~ca bhUta / 4. sattva, raja: va tama: tIna guNa haiN| sattva, prakAzasvarUpa 'raja:' kriyAzIla. aura tama:' andhakAra va avarodhaka-svarUpa hai| yaha tInoM guNa apanI sAmyAvasthA meM sadRza-pariNAmI hone se avyakta rahate haiM aura vaisAdRzya hone para vyakta haiM, kyoMki taba kabhI to sattvaguNa-pradhAna ho jAtA hai aura kabhI raja yA tmogunn| usa samaya anyaguNoM kI zaktihIna rahane se ve apradhAna hote haiN| 5. rajoguNa ke kAraNa vyakta va avyakta--donoM hI prakRti nitya pariNamana karatI rahatI haiN| vaha pariNamana tIna prakAra kA hai--dharma, lakSaNa va avsthaa| dharmoM kA AvirbhAva va tirobhAva honA 'dharmapariNAma' hai, jaise manuSya se deva honaa| pratikSaNa honevAlI sUkSma-vilakSaNatA-lakSaNa pariNAma' hai aura eka hI rUpa se Tike hue avasthA badalanA 'avasthA-pariNAma' hai, jaise bacce se bUr3hA honaa| ina tIna guNoM kI pradhAnatA hone se buddhi Adi 33 tattva bhI tIna prakAra ho jAte haiM--sAttvika, rAjasika va tAmasika / jaisejJAna-vairAgya-pUrNa buddhi sAttvika hai, viSaya-vilAsI rAjasika hai aura adharma (hiMsA Adi) meM pravRtta tAmasika hai--ityaadi| 6. cakSu Adi jJAnendriyA~ haiN| hAtha, pA~va, vacana, gudA va jananendriya karmendriyA~ haiM, jJAnendriyoM ke viSayabhUtarUpa Adi pA~ca tanmAtrAyeM hai aura unake sthUla-viSayabhUta pRthvI Adi 'bhUta' kahalAte haiN|' Izvara va sukha-duHkha-vicAra 1.ye loga Izvara tathA yajJa-jJAna Adi kriyAkANDa ko svIkAra nahIM krte| 2. inake anusAra sattvAdi guNoM kI viSamatA ke kAraNa hI sukha-du:kha utpanna hote haiN| ve tIna prakAra ke haiM--AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika va Adhidaivika / AdhyAtmika do prakAra ke haiM--kAyika va maansik| manuSya, pazu Adi-kRta 'Adhibhautika' aura yakSa, rAkSasa Adi-kRta yA ativRSTi Adi 'Adhidaivika' haiN| sRSTi, pralaya va mokSa-vicAra ___ 1. yadyapi puruSa-tattva rUpa se eka hai| prakRti kI vikRti se cetana-pratibimba rUpa jo buddhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM--ve aneka haiN| jar3a hote hue bhI yaha buddhi cetanavat dIkhatI hai| ise hI 'baddha-puruSa' yA 'jIvAtmA' kahate haiM / triguNadhArI hone ke kAraNa yaha pariNAmI hai| 2. mahat, ahaMkAra, gyAraha indriyA~, pA~ca tanmAtrAyeM, prANa va apAna --ina satraha tattvoM se milakara sUkSma-zarIra banatA hai, jise 'liMga-zarIra' bhI kahate haiN| vaha isa sthUla-zarIra ke bhItara rahatA hai, sUkSma hai aura isakA mUlakAraNa hai| yaha svayaM nirUpaNa-yogya hai, para naTa kI bhA~ti nAnA zarIroM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| 3. jIvAtmA apane adRSTa ke sAtha parA-prakRti meM laya rahatA hai| jaba usakA adRSTa pAkonmukha hotA hai, taba tamoguNa kA prabhAva haTa jAtA hai| puruSa kA pratibimba usa prakRti para par3atA hai, jisase usameM kSobha yA caMcalatA utpanna hotI hai aura svata: pariNamana karatI huI mahat Adi 23 vikAroM ko utpanna karatI hai| usase prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 155 Page #158 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ I sUkSma-zarIra aura usase sthUla zarIra banatA hai, yahI sRSTi hai| 4. adRSTa ke viSaya samApta ho jAne para ye saba puna: ulaTe-krama se pUrvokta meM laya hokara sAmyAvasthA meM sthita ho jAte haiM / yahI pralaya hai| 5. anAdikAla se isa jIvAtmA ko apane vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM hai| 25 tattvoM ke jJAna se use apane svarUpa kA bhAna hotA hai, taba usake rAjasika va tAmasika guNoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| eka jJAnamAtra raha jAtA hai, vahI kaivalyarUpa kI prApti hai / ise hI 'mokSa' kahate haiM / 6. vaha muktAtmA jaba taka zarIra meM rahatA hai, taba taka 'jIvanmukta' kahalAtA hai, aura zarIra chUTa jAne para 'videhamukta' kahalAtA hai| 7. puruSa va mukta jIva meM yaha antara hai ki puruSa to eka hai aura muktAtmAyeM apane-apane sattva - guNoM kI pRthaktA ke kAraNa aneka haiM / 'puruSa' anAdi va nitya hai aura 'muktAtmA' sAdi va nitya / kAraNa-kArya-vicAra I sAMkhya 'satkAryavAdI' haiN| arthAt inake anusAra kArya sadA apane kAraNabhUta padArtha meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| kArya kI utpatti-kSaNa se pUrva vaha avyakta rahatA hai / usakI vyakti hI kArya hai| vastutaH na kucha utpanna hotA hai, na naSTa / 1 pramANa - vicAra sAMkhya pratyakSa, anumAna va Agama - ye tIna pramANa mAnatA hai / anumAna va Agama naiyAyikavat hai| 'buddhi' ahaMkAra va mana ko sAtha lekara bAhara nikala jAtI hai / aura indriya-vizeSa ke dvArA usake pratiniyata viSaya ko grahaNa karake tadAkAra ho jAtI hai / buddhi kA viSayAkAra honA hI pratyakSa hai 1 jaina-bauddha va sAMkhyadarzana kI tulanA zrI jinendra varNI jI jainadarzana evaM sAMkhya darzana kI tulanA karate hue likhate haiM1. jaina va bauddha kI taraha sAMkhya bhI veda, Izvara, yAjJika kriyAkANDa va jAti-bheda ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jainoM kI bhA~ti hI bahu-AtmavAda tathA jIva kA mokSa honA mAnatA hai| jaina va bauddha kI bhA~ti pariNAmavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai / apane tIrthaMkara kapila ko kSatriyoM meM utpanna huA mAnatA hai / vaidika devI-devatAoM para vizvAsa nahIM karatA aura vaidika RcAoM para kaTAkSa karatA hai / tattvajJAna, saMnyAsa va tapazcaraNa ko pradhAnatA detA hai| brahmacarya ko yathArtha - yajJa mAnatA hai| gRhastha-dharma kI apekSA sanyAsa-dharma ko adhika mahattva detA hai / 2. sAMkhyoM kI bhA~ti jaina bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM 25 tattvoM ko svIkAra karate haiM / tathA 'paramabhAvagrAhI dravyArthika naya' se svIkAra kiyA gayA eka vyApaka, nitya, caitanyamAtra, jIvatattva hI 'puruSa' hai| 'saMgrahanaya' se svIkAra kiyA gayA eka, vyApaka, nitya, ajIvatattva hI 'avyakta - prakRti' hai / dravya va bhAvakarma 'vyakta - prakRti' hai| zuddha nizcayanaya se jise uparokta prakRti kA kArya, vikAra tathA jar3amAyA kahA gayA hai, aisA jJAna kA kSayopazama sAmAnya mahat yA buddhi-tattva hai, mohajanita sarva bhAva - ahaMkAra tattva 156 prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra vizeSAMka Page #159 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ haiM, saMkalpa-vikalpa rUpa bhAvamana manatattva hai, pA~coM bhAvendriyA~ jJAnendriyA~ haiN| vyavahAranaya se bheda karake dekhA jAye, to zarIra ke avayavabhUta vAk, pANi, pAda Adi pA~ca karmendriyA~ bhI pRthak tattva haiN| zuddha nizcayanaya se ye sabhI tattva cidAbhAsa haiM, yahI prakRti para puruSa kA pratibimba hai| yaha to cetana-jagat kA vizleSaNa huaa| jar3a-jagat kI tarapha bhI isIprakAra zuddha-kAraNa-paramANu vyakta-prakRti hai| zuddha-RjusUtra yA paryAyArthika-dRSTi se bhinna mAne gaye sparza, rasa Adi usa paramANu ke guNoM ke svalakSaNabhUta avibhAga-praticcheda hI tanmAtrAyeM haiN| 'naigama' va 'vyavahAranaya' se avibhAga-praticchedoM se yukta paramANu aura paramANuoM ke bandha se pRthivI Adi pA~ca bhUtoM kI utpatti hotI hai| 'asadbhUta-vyavahAranaya' se dravyakarmarUpa kArmaNa-zarIra aura 'azuddha-nizcayanaya' audArika va kSAyopazamika-bhAvarUpa kArmaNa-zarIra hI jIva kA sUkSma-zarIra hai, jisake kAraNa usake sthUla-zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai aura jisake vinAza se usakA mokSa hotA hai| sRSTi-mokSa kI yahI prakriyA sAMkhya-mata ko mAnya hai| zuddha-pAriNAmika-bhAvarUpa puruSa' va 'avyakta prakRti' ko hI tattvarUpa se dekhate hue anya saba bhedoM kI usI meM laya kara denA zuddha dravyArthika-dRSTi hai| vahI 'paramArtha-jJAna' yA viveka-khyAti' hai| tathA vahI ekamAtra sAkSAt mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isaprakAra sAMkhya va jaina tulya haiN| 3. parantu dUsarI ora jaina to uparokta sarva nayoM ke virodhI bhI nayoM ke viSayoM ko svIkAra karate hue anekAntavAdI haiM aura sAMkhya unheM na svIkAra karate hue ekAntavAdI haiN| yathA- saMgrahanaya' se jo puruSa va prakRti tattva eka-eka va sarva vyApaka haiM, vahI 'vyavahAranaya' se aneka va avyApaka bhI haiN| 'zuddha nizcayanaya' se jo puruSa nitya hai, 'azuddha nizcayanaya' se anitya bhI hai| 'zuddha nizcayanaya' se jo buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana va jJAnendriyA~ prakRti ke vikAra haiM, 'azuddha-nizcayanaya' se vahI jIva kI svabhAvabhUta-paryAyeM haiM, ityaadi| isaprakAra donoM darzanoM meM bheda hai|' sAMkhya' kI unnata-bhUmi meM padArpaNa ho jAne para jar3a' tathA cetana' --aise do tattva hI zeSa raha jAte haiN| dharma dharmI meM bheda karane kI ise AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| - jisa advaita-zuddhatattva kA paricaya dene ke lie veda-kartAoM ko pA~ca yA sAta darzanoM kI sthApanA karanI par3I, usI kA paricaya dene ke lie jainadarzana nayoM kA Azraya letA hai| tathA vaizeSika va naiyAyika darzanoM ke sthAna para 'asadbhUta' va 'sadbhUta' vyavahAranaya hai| sAMkhya va yogadarzana ke anusAra sthAna para 'zuddha' va 'azuddha' dravyArthikanaya haiN|" jainetara dArzanika-granthoM meM sAMkhyadarzana ke bAre meM nimnAnusAra ullekha prApta hote haiM 'nAsti sAMkhya samaM jJAnaM nAsti yogasamaM balam / tAvubhAvekacoM tu ubhAvanidhanau smRtau / / " sAMkhyajJAna aura yogabala --donoM kI caryA eka hai| donoM anidhana-amRtapada prApta karAnevAle haiM : ata: sAMkhya ke samAna jJAna nahIM hai aura yoga ke samAna bala nahIM hai| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 157 Page #160 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'samyagjJAnAvabodhena nityameka smaadhinaa| saMkhyayaivAvabuddhA ye te smatA: sAMkhyayoginaH / / 12 sAMkhyamata buddhiyoga kA viSaya mAnA gayA haiN| maharSi bAlmIki kahate haiM-- sAMkhya-yogI ve haiM, jinheM samyagjJAna se avabodha prApta huA hai aura jo nitya samAdhi meM avasthita haiM, unakA jJAna apane vicAra-manthana kA pariNAma hai| ve hI sAMkhya-yogI haiN| "kapila-prabhRtInAmArSaM jJAnamapratihataM zrUyate / zrutizca bhavati-RSiprasUtaM kapilaM yastamagre jJAnairvibharti jAyamAnaM ca pazyet / "13 . ...... yA tu zruti: kapilasya jJAnAtizayaM pradarzayantI pradarzitA na tayA zrutiviruddhamapi kApilaM mataM zraddhAtuM zakyam / kapilamiti zrutisAmAnyamAtratvAt / ........... bhavati cAnyA manormAhAtmyaM prakhyApayantI zruti:- 'yad vai kiM ca manuravadattadbheSajam / 14 "manunA ca sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM sarvabhUtAni cAtmani sampazyannAtmayA jIvai svarAjyamadhigacchati / / iti sarvAtmatvadarzanaM prazaMsatA kAMpilaM mataM nindyate iti gmyte| kapilo hi na sarvAtmatvadarzanaM manyate, AtmabhedAbhyupagamAt / "16 kapila Adi RSiyoM kA ArSajJAna apratihata (abAdhita) sunA jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM zruti hai ki jo paramAtmA kapila-RSi ko jJAna se pUrNa karatA hai tathA use dekhatA hai / yahA~ 'zvetAzvatara upaniSad' ke zruti-vAkya se kapila ko viziSTajJAnI batAyA gayA hai| parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki kapila-pratipAdita mata zraddhAna-yogya hai| 'sAMkhya-sAstra jinha pragaTa bkhaanaa| tattva-vicAra-nipuna bhgvaanaa|| tehiM manu rAja kInha bahu kaalaa| prabhu Ayasu saba vidhi prtipaalaa||" isake pravartaka maharSi kapila ne isakI utpatti kyoM kI? - isakA varNana bhAgavatakAra mArmika zabdoM meM karate haiM 'viditvArthaM kapilo manuritthaM jAtasneho yatra tnvaabhijaanaa| tattvAmnAyaM yatpravadanti sAMkhyaM provAca vai bhktivittaanyogaa|| jisake zarIra se unhoMne svayaM janma liyA thA, use apanI mAtA kA aisA abhiprAya jAnakara kapila jI ke hRdaya meM sneha umar3a AyA aura unhoMne prakRti Adi tattva-nirUpaNa karanevAle zAstA, jise 'sAMkhya' kahate haiM, kA upadeza kiyaa| sAtha hI bhakti-vistAra evaM yoga kA bhI varNana kiyaa| tattvajJAna ke prarUpaNa meM sAMkhya kI tulanA anya kisI se nahIM kI jA sktii| isIlie 'nAsti sAMkhyasamaM jJAnaM' jaisI uktiyA~ pracalita huiiN| phira bhI dharmAcaraNa ke kSetra meM vyAvahArika-upAdeyatA siddha na ho sakane ke kAraNa sAMkhya kI upayogitA kisI ne bhI svIkAra 00 158 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #161 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nahIM kI hai| Adya zaMkarAcArya likhate haiM 'na yogena na sAMkhyena karmaNA no na vidyyaa| brahmAtmaikatvabodhena mokSa: siddhayati nAnyathA / / " __ artha :- mokSa na yoga se siddha hotA hai aura na sAMkhya se, na karma se aura na vidyA se| vaha kevala brahmAtmaikya-bodha (brahma aura AtmA kI ekatA ke jJAna) se hI hotA hai, aura kisI prakAra nhiiN| 'zArIraka-bhASya' ke praNetA inakI samIpatA Arhatadarzana se saMketita karate haiM 'evamArhatAdIni saMti bhUyAsyAtmAnamadhikRtya darzanAni pravRttAni / teSu keSAJcit yuktigADhatayA sAMkhyAdInAM ca ziSTairapi kenacidaMzena prigRhiittyaa| 20 ___ artha :- isaprakAra Aheta (jaina) darzana Adi bahuta se darzana haiM, jo AtmA ko lekara pravRtta hue haiN| unameM se kucha sAMkhya Adi kA yukti kI pragAr3hatA ke kAraNa ziSTajanoM ne bhI kucha aMzoM meM parigrahaNa kiyA hai| phira bhI vaidika padmapurANa' ke praNetA sAMkhyadarzana kI nirarthakatA pratipAdita karate hue likhate haiM 'damena hInaM na punanti yadyapyadhItA saha SaDbhiraMgaiH / sAMkhyaM ca yogazca kulaM ca janma-tIrthAbhiSekazca nirrthkaani||| artha :- bhale hI SaDaMga-sahita veda par3ha liye jAyeM, kintu jisane indriyoM kA damana nahIM kiyA usako veda pavitra nahIM kara sakate aura usake liye sAMkhya, yoga, kula, jAti aura tIrtha-abhiSeka Adi saba nirarthaka haiN| lagabhaga yahI abhiprAya bhAgavatakartA vyakta karate haiM 'kiM vA yogena sAMkhyena nyAsasvAdhyAyayorapi / kiM vA zreyobhiranyaizca na yatrAtmaprado hriH||22 artha :- isa loka meM yoga se sAMkhya se, sanyAsa aura vedAdhyayanoM tathA vratavairAgyAdi anya kalyANa-sAdhanoM se bhI puruSa ko kyA lAbha hai? / jaina-paramparA meM sAMkhyadarzana ke bAre meM anekatra samIkSAyeM milatI haiN| nyAyaparaka-granthoM meM to vistRta-samIkSAoM kI paramparA hai, ata: vaha sAmagrI yahA~ vistArabhaya se nahIM de rahI hU~; kintu AdhyAtmika AcAryoM ne apane graMthoM meM jo sAMkhyadarzana ke vicAroM kI samIkSA kI hai, vaha avazya aMzata: yahA~ avalokanIya hai| sarvaprathama maiM AcAryapravara kundakunda-viracita 'samayasAra' ke etadviSayaka-kathana prastuta karanA cAhatI hU~ 'evaM saMkhuvadesaM je du parUviMti erisaM smnnaa| tesiM payaDI kuvvadi appA ya akAragA savve / / TIkA :- evaM saMkhuvadesaM je du parUviMti erisaM samaNA evaM pUrvoktaM sAMkhyopadezamI prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 159 Page #162 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dRzamekAMtarUpaM ye kecana paramAgamoktaM nayavibhAgamajAnaMta: samaNA zramaNAbhAsA: dravyaliMgina: prarUpayaMti kathayati / tesiM payaDI kuvadi appAya akArayA savve teSAM matenaikAMtena prakRti: kI bhvti| AtmAnazca punarakArakA: sarve / tatazca kartRtvAbhAve karmAbhAva: karmAbhAve saMsArAbhAva: / tato mokSaprasaMga: / sa ca pratyakSavirodha iti / jainamate puna: parasparasApekSanizcayavyavahAranayadvayena sarvaM ghaTata iti nAsti dossH| evaM sAMkhyamatasaMvAdaM darzayitvA jIvasyaikAMtenAkartRtvadUSaNadvAreNa sUtrapaMcakaM gataM / / AcArya siddhasena inake viSaya meM likhate haiM 'jaM kAvilaM darIsaNaM evaM davvaTThiyassa vattavvaM / suddhoaNa-taNaassa u parisuddho pjjvviappo||24 artha :- jo kApila (sAMkhya) darzana hai, vaha 'dravyArthikanaya' kA vaktavya hai| zuddhodana ke putra--buddha kA darzana to parizuddha paryAyArthikanaya' kA viSaya hai| ___ 'samayasAra' ke vyAkhyAkAra AcArya jayasena ne ekAnta-akartRtva ke sAMkhya-siddhAnta kI samIkSA isaprakAra prastuta kI hai 'tata: sthitametat / ekAntena sAMkhyamatavadakartA na bhavati / kiM tarhi rAgAdivikalparahitasamAdhilakSaNabhedajJAnakAle kartA na bhavati, zeSakAle karteti / 25 artha :- ata: yaha siddha huA ki AtmA sAMkhyamatAnusAra ekAntadRSTi se (sarvathA) akartA nahIM hai| apitu rAgAdivikalpoM se mukta samAdhi-lakSaNa bhedavijJAna ke samaya vaha kartA nahIM hai, zeSa savikalpa, sarAga-avasthA meM kartA hotA hai| 'samayasAra' ke amRtabhASya (AtmakhyAti-TIkA) ke praNetA mahAn adhyAtmavAdI AcArya amRtacandra sUri isI viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM 'mA'kartAramamI spRzantu puruSaM sAMkhyA ivApyArhatA: / kartAraM kalayantu taM kila sadA bhedAvabodhAdayaH / / UrdhvaM tUddhatabodhadhAmaniyataM pratyakSameva svayaM / pazyantu cyutakarmabhAvamacalaM jJAtAramekaM param / / 26 artha :---- sAMkhyoM ke samAna AtmA ko sarvathA akartA mAnanA aha~ta-matAvalambiyoM ko ucita nahIM hai| unheM sadA hI yaha vicAra rakhanA cAhie ki bhedajJAna se pUrva AtmA kathaMcit-kartA hai| bhedajJAna ke pazcAt to udagrabodha kA niyata-sthAna yaha AtmA spaSTa hI karmabhAvarahita, acala aura jJAtArUpa meM svayaM pratyakSa-anubhUti se akartA dikhAyI dene lgegaa| nirIzvara-sAMkhyabhimata jIva kA svarUpa samIkSita karate hue AcArya vAmadeva ne likhA hai- 'jJAtA dRSTA padArthAnAM trailokyodaravartinAm / tasyAjJAnasvabhAvatvaM brUte sAMkhyo nirIzvaraH / / 27 artha :- jo vItarAga sarvajJa tInoM loka madhyavartI samasta padArthoM ke jJAtA-dRSTA haiM, 00 160 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #163 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ unako nirIzvaravAdI-sAMkhya ajJAna (jar3a) svabhAvI mAnate haiM? (yaha Azcarya hai)| isaprakAra hama pAte haiM ki sAMkhyadarzana ke prAcInatama-ullekha jainagraMthoM meM milate haiM tathA isakI mAnyatAoM kI samucita-samIkSA bhI vahA~ upalabdha hai| sandarbhagrantha-sUcI 1. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 350/65 / 2. Rgveda 10-27-161 3. AcArya amitagati, dharmaparIkSA 18/56 / 4. chahaDhAlA 2/13 / 5. dra. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, nyU bhAratIya buka kArporezana, naI dillI, pR. 1093 / 6. 'zabdakalpadrumaH' bhAga 5, rAjA rAdhAkAnta deva, nAga prakAzaMka, dillI, pR0 324 / 7. 'abhidhAnarAjendraH', pR0 41 aura 46 / 8. dra. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 32-42/32-37 / 9. jainendra siddhAnta koza', caturtha bhAga, kSu. jinendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, pR. 398-4001 10. 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' bhAga-2, jinendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, pR0 403 404 / 11. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 304/2 / 12. yogavAziSTha, 6/69/18 / 13. zvetAzvaropaniSad 5/2 / 14. taittarIya saMhitA 2/2/10/2 / 15. manusmRti: 12/911 16. brahmasUtra-zAMkarabhASya, 2/1/1 / 17. tulasI, rAmacaritamAnasa, bAlakANDa 141/4 / 18. bhAgavata, 3/25/31 / 19. AcArya zaMkara, viveka-cUr3AmaNi 58 / 20. zArIraka mImAMsAbhASya, a. 2 / 21. vaidika padmapurANa, 5/19/340 / 22. bhAgavata 4/31/121 23. samayasAra gAthA 340 aura usakI tAtparyavRtti ttiikaa| 24. sanmatisUtra, 3/48 / 25. samayasAra, jayasenAcArya TIkA, pR. 426 / 26. samayasAra kalaza, 2051 27. vAmadeva, bhAvasaMgraha 174 / prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 161 Page #164 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yaha dvAdazAMga kA cintana hai -vidyAvAridhi DaoN0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA jIvana meM jinadharma mukhara ho| upaje nitya svabhAva sughara ho|| nahIM satAyeM kisI jIva ko, yaha deva-zAstra-guru-vaMdana hai| yaha dvAdazAMga kA ciMtana hai|| 1 / / saMyama se samatA jagatI hai| samatA se mamatA nasatI hai|| aura saphala ho siddha-sAdhanA, hotA pUrana tabhI namana hai|| yaha dvAdazAMga kA ciMtana hai|| 2 / / jo hai nahIM hamArA, chuutte| tyAga-dharma ke aMkura phuutte|| nara-bhava tabhI sArthaka hotA, tapa se ma~jatA antarmana hai|| yaha dvAdazAMga kA ciMtana hai|| 3 / / nirmala mana hI dharma hmaaraa| aMtakAla meM yahI shaaraa|| apanA dIpaka svayaM jale taba, Alokita hotA tana-mana hai| yaha dvAdazAMga kA ciMtana hai|| 4 / / darzana-moha miTe jIvana se| mile mukti bhava-bhava-bhaTakana se|| khulate dvAra mokSa-dhAma ke, hoya AkhirI janama-marana hai| yaha dvAdazAMga kA ciMtana hai|| 5 / / 00 162 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #165 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhAratIya AsthA ke svara 'jana-gaNa-mana..... . -DaoN. sudIpa jaina ___ Aja deza ke uccatama nyAyAlaya meM jainoM ko 'alpasaMkhyaka-darjA' dene kA prakaraNa vicArAdhIna hai| jabaki saMvaidhAnika rUpa se jainoM ko hinduoM se alaga jAti aura dharma-darzana ke rUpa meM prAraMbha se mAnyatA milI huI hai| bhArata ke rASTragAna ke pUre mUlapATha meM bhI jainoM ko svatantra-samudAya ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| gurudeva ravIndranAtha Taigora ne isa gIta kI racanA kI thI tathA san 1911I. meM kalakattA meM prathama bAra unhoMne isakA gAyana kiyA thaa| isa gAna ke mUlapATha ko avikalarUpa se abhI baiThI uccatama nyAyAlaya kI pUrNa pITha (gyAraha sadasyIya phulabaiMca) ne bhI manoyogapUrNa sunA aura isameM kathita jainoM ke svataMtra-samudAyarUpa ullekha se pUrNapITha Azvasta pratIta huii| isa gAna ke bAre meM anekoM prakAra ke bhrama phailAye gaye haiM, ata: unake nirAkaraNapUrvaka isa gAna kI tathyAtamaka rIti se AlekharUpa meM prastuti 'prAkRtavidyA' ne pahile bhI kI thI, usI Alekha ko sAmayikatA ke anurUpa yahA~ punaH prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| -sampAdaka bhArata kI svAdhInatA ke liye rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI ke netRtva meM jisa adbhuta ahiMsaka-krAnti kA sUtrapAta ho rahA thA, aura jisake phalasvarUpa lagabhaga Adhe vizva meM ekachatra-zAsana karanevAle aMgrejoM kI sattA DA~vADola ho uThI thI; lagabhaga usI samaya rASTrIya cetanA ke svaroM ko mukharita karane tathA akhaMDa bhArata-gaNarAjya kI kalpanA ko jana-jana ke hRdaya meM bhara dene ke lie kavivara gurudeva ravIndranAtha Taigora jI ne san 1911 I. meM "jana-gaNa-mana......." kI racanA kI thii| isakA sarvaprathama sArvajanika-prayoga samUhagAna ke rUpa meM 27 disambara 1911 I. ko bhAratIya rASTrIya kAMgresa ke rASTrIya adhivezana meM kiyA gayA thaa| ___ yaha satya hai ki usa samaya AjAdI ke matavAloM kA sarvAdhika priya-gIta vande mAtaram' hI thA, kintu vibhinna rAjatantroM, kSetrIyatA evaM prAMtIyatA ke khaMDoM meM vibhAjita isa mahAn deza ko ina saMkucita dAyaroM se mukta kara eka akhaNDa bhArata-gaNarAjya kI kalpanA ko kavivara ravIndranAtha Taigora jI ne sUkSmaprajJA se isa gIta ke mAdhyama se sAkArarUpa diyA thaa| yahI nahIM, unhoMne vibhinna dharmo, sampradAyoM evaM jAtiyoM kI saMkIrNa mAnasikatA se samasta bhAratavAsiyoM ko eka akhaNDa rASTrIya-cetanA ke sUtra meM pirone kI prabala-kAmanA isa gIta meM prastuta kI thii| kyoMki ve acchI taraha jAnate the ki jaba taka kSetravAda, jAtivAda, prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 163 Page #166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjataMtrIya vidveSavAda ke kAraNa bhArata kI janazakti vikhaMDita rahegI; taba taka aMgrejoM kI 'phUTa DAlo aura rAjya karo' (DivAIDa eMDa rUla) kI nIti saphala hotI rahegI / isake sAtha hI bhAratIya AstikatA (paramAtmA meM ananya - zraddhA) kI mUlabhAvanA rakSA/abhizaMsA karate hue unhoMne pratyeka bhAratavAsI ko apane karNakuharoM meM vaisI hI zaMkhadhvani guMjAyamAna karane kA saMketa bhI diyA, jaisI ki nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa ne 'mahAbhArata' yuddha ke samaya duvidhAgrasta mAnasikatA se yukta arjuna evaM sampUrNa pANDava - senA ko 'pAJcajanya zaMkha' kA divyaghoSa karake guMjAyamAna kI thI; jisake phalasvarUpa arjuna evaM pANDava-senA meM kartavyabodha evaM adbhuta puruSArtha - bhAvanA kA saMcAra huA thA / vaisI hI puruSArtha - bhAvanA evaM karttavyaparAyaNatA kI bhAvanA, vyaktigata svArthoM se Upara uThakara rASTrahita kI udAtta bhAvanA ve isa gIta ke mAdhyama se jana-jana ke hRdaya meM umagAnA cAhate the / ke unhoMne isa gIta meM bhArata ko ugate hue bAlasUrya kI bhA~ti dekhA thA, jo apane prakAza aura pratApa se digdiganta ko Alokita evaM prabhAvita kara degA, na ki astAcalagAmI sUrya ke rUpa meM; jo moha, ajJAna evaM akarmaNyatA kI kAlI - nizA kA sUcaka hotA hai / AjAdI ke matavAloM ke svaroM ko unhoMne ke svaroM ko unhoMne prAtaH kAlIna pakSiyoM ke kalaravarUpI maMgalagIta mAnA thaa| aisI udAtta bhAvanAoM se pUrita kavivara ravIndranAtha Taigora ke usa pA~ca - stabakavAle mUlagIta kA mAtra eka hI stabaka Aja 'rASTragAna' ke rUpa meM gAyA jAtA hai| jabaki yaha sampUrNa gIta hI atyanta-preraka hai| isakA mUlapATha nimnAnusAra hai janagaNamana adhinAyaka..... " janagaNamana - adhinAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! paMjAba - siMdhu - gujarAta-marAThA- drAvir3a utkala baMga / vindhya-himAcala yamunA- - gaMgA ucchala jaladhitaraMga / / tava zubha nAme jAge, tava zubha AziSa mAMge, gAhe tava jaya gAthA / 0164 jana-gaNa-maMgaladAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he / / 1 aharaha tava AhvAna pracArita, suni udAra tava vANI / hindU-bauddha-sikha-jaina- pArasika-musalamAna- khuSTAnI / / pUraba-pazcima Ase, tava siMhAsana-pAse, premahAra haya gAthA / / jana-gaNa- aikya - vidhAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he / / 2 / / prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #167 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ patana-abhyudaya-baMdhura paMthA, yuga-yuga dhAvita yAtrI / he cira sArathi ! tava rathacakre mukharita patha dina - rAtri / dAruNa viplava- mAjhe tava zaMkha-dhvani bAje, saMkaTa-duHkha-trAtA / / jana-gaNa- patha- paricAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jana-gaNa-maMgaladAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he / / 3 / / ghora- timira-ghana-nivir3a nizIthe pIr3ita mUrchita deze / jAgrata chala tava avicala maMgala natanayane animeSe / / duHsvapne AtaMke rakSA karile aMke, snehamayI tumi mAtA / / jana-gaNa-duHkha- trAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jana-gaNa-maMgaladAyaka jaya he bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he / / 4 / / rAtri prabhAtila, udila ravicchavi pUrva-udayagiribhAlegAhe vihaMgama, puNya-samIraNa nava-jIvanarasa DhAle / tava karuNAruNa - rAge nidrita bhArata jAge, tava caraNe nata mAthA / / jaya jaya jaya he, jaya rAjezvara bhArata bhAgya vidhAtA ! jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, jaya jaya jaya jaya he / / 5 / / - -- - ( ravIndra racanAvalI, pRSTha 194, prakAzana - pazcima baMgAla sarakAra, prakAzana tithi 25 vaizAkha 1368 baMgalA varSa ) katipaya pUrvAgrahIjanoM ne jArja paMcama ke bhArata Agamana para unake 'svAgata' - hetu racita 'viruda-gAna' ke rUpa meM kalpita kara lAMchita karane kI ceSTA kI, to atyanta vyathita-hRdaya se kavivara ne apanA pakSa prastuta karate hue uttara diyA "yaha sunakara (ki 'maiMne samrAT jArja paMcama ke svAgatagAna ke rUpa meM isa gIta kI racanA kI hai' ) mujhe Azcarya to huA hI, mana meM roSa kA bhI saMcAra huA / 'zAzvata mAnava- itihAsa ke yuga-yuga-dhAvita pathikoM ke cirasArathI' kahakara maiM kisI caturtha yA paMcama jArja kI stuti kara sakatA hU~. -- isaprakAra kI nikRSTamUr3hatA mere mana meM hone kA jinheM sandeha bhI ho sakatA hai, vaise logoM ko uttara dene meM bhI maiM apanA apamAna mAnatA hU~ / " kavivara Taigora jI ke isa bevAka spaSTIkaraNa ke bAda ukta anargala - kalpanA kA koI aucitya hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| tathA yaha tathya bhI dhyAtavya hai ki san 1911 I. meM yaha gIta racA gayA thA, tathA usake agale varSa 1912 I. meM jArja paMcama bhArata Aye the / unake Agamana prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 165 Page #168 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ke pUrva hI yaha gIta bhAratIya svataMtratA ke dIvAnoM ke sarvAdhika bar3e saMgaThana 'bhAratIya rASTrIya kAMgresa' kA priya-gIta banakara gAyA jA cukA thaa| isIlie spaSTa hai ki ukta Aropa pUrvAgraha-prerita IrSyA se utpanna thA, usameM raMcamAtra bhI satya yA tathya nahIM hai / vastuta: vaha aisA yuga thA ki sampUrNa bhAratavAsI rASTrIyatA evaM svAdhIna - bhArata kI bhAvanA se otaprota the| usameM ananya - rASTravAdI kavivara Taigora jI, jinase milane svayaM rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI jAte hoM, evaM 'gurudeva' ke saMbodhana se sasammAna unheM saMbodhita karate hoM; una para lAMchana lagAnA sUrya para dhUla pheMkane samAna hai, jo vastutaH pheMkane vAloM ke mukha ko hI malina karatA hai| yaha 'rASTragAna' sampUrNa bhAratavAsiyoM ke hRdaya ke bhAvoM ko bhASA ke mAdhyama se diyA gayA mUrtarUpa thA / yaha kisI eka bhASA meM likhA jAkara bhI sampUrNa bhASAoM evaM sampUrNa- bhAratavAsiyoM ke hRdaya kI pratidhvani thii| rASTrIyatA yaha bhAvanA dharma meM atiprAcInakAla se pAyI gayI hai / isIliye kavivara ne isameM dhArmika mahApuruSoM ke saMketa bhI pradAna kiye haiM unake prati Adara evaM AsthA ke svara dekara bhAratIya janamAnasa kI AstikatA ke rASTravAda kI mUladhArA ke sAtha abhinna svIkAra kiyA hai| mahAn rASTravAdI jaina saMta-AcArya somadeva sUri likhate haiM "samasta-pakSapAteSu svadezapakSapAto mahAn " - ( yazastilakacampU' kAvya) arthAt yaha satya hai ki manuSya kA hRdaya apane abhISTa evaM priya viSaya / vastu/vyakti kA pakSa letA hai; kintu manuSya apane jIvana meM jitane bhI pakSa letA hai, unameM apane deza evaM apane rASTra kA pakSapAtI honA hI sabase mahAn hai, sarvAdhika zreyaskara hai| ukta vacana hamAre saMtoM kI dharmamaya tyAgaparaka jIvana jIte huye bhI ananya - rASTravAdI hone kA paricAyaka hai / isase siddha hai ki dhArmikatA yA AstikatA kA rASTravAdI hone se avirodha hai| ye donoM bhAvanAyeM paraspara pUraka haiN| saMbhavata: isI bhAvanA ko mUrtarUpa meM abhivyakta karane ke lie jaina zrAvakagaNa nitya devapUjana ke uparAnta yaha bhAvanA bhAte haiN| ki- "sampUjakAnAM pratipAlakAnAM yatIndra - sAmAnya- - tapodhanAnAm / dezasya rASTrasya purasya rAjJaH karotu zAMtiM bhagavAn jinendraH / / " isameM 'pratipAlakoM' kA artha rASTra kI sImA para tainAta surakSA - prahariyoM, sainya karmiyoM Adi se hai 1 isaprakAra rASTrIyatA kI bhAvanA jAtibheda, vargabheda, sampradAyabheda, bhASAbheda, prAntaveda Adi bhedabhAvoM ko miTAkara ekatA kA sUtrapAta karanevAlI ananya bhAvanA hai tathA isakA dharmabhAvanA ke sAtha ananya- avirodha hai / isI tathya ko 'jana-gaNa-mana...' isa rASTragAna meM bhAratIya AsthA ke svaroM ke sAtha abhinna rakhate hue kavivara Taigora jI ne mUrtarUpa meM prastuta kiyA thA / kintu hamAre rASTragAna ke pUrNa rUpa ko, usake pariprekSya ko, mUla abhiprAya evaM uddezya ko Aja bhAratavAsI kitanA jAnate haiM - yaha bindu gaMbhIratApUrvaka mananIya hai / 166 samasta prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #169 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'rASTrapati-dvisahasrAbdI-puraskAra' merA sammAna nahIM, balki prAkRta, jaina-vidhA tathA jaina-pANDulipiyoM kA sammAna hai __-pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina (rASTrapati sahasrAbdI sammAna puraskAra dvArA sammAnita) 30 agasta san 2000 kI vaha tithi mere jIvana kI sarvAdhika sukhada ghar3I thI, jaba bhArata sarakAra ke 'mAnava saMsAdhana vibhAga' ke saMyukta zikSA-salAhakAra DaoN. pI.eca. sethumAdhavarAva kA mujhe hArdika badhAiyoM se bharA huA patra milA, jisameM mujhe yaha sUcanA dI gaI thI ki bhArata sarakAra kI pravara-samiti kI anuzaMsA para bhArata ke mAnanIya rASTrapati jI ne mujhe dvisahasrAbdI-sammAna se puraskRta evaM sammAnita karane kA nirNaya liyA hai| isakI sUcanA yadyapi sabhI dainika samAcArapatroM evaM samAcAra-mIDiyA se prasArita ho cukI thI, kintu maiM unheM par3ha/suna nahIM sakA thA aura yadi jayapura se hamAre snehI-mitra DaoN. sudIpa jI jaina dillI. pro. DaoN. premacandra jI jaina (rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya) evaM banArasa ke mere ananya-mitra DaoN. phUlacandra jI premI ne TelIphona dvArA tadartha mujhe tatkAla badhAI na dI hotI, to sambhavata: maiM isa sukhada-samAcAra se agale kucha saptAhoM taka anabhijJa hI banA rhtaa| bhArata sarakAra rASTrapati-puraskAra-hetu cayanita prAcya-vidyAvid vidvAnoM (saMskRta, prAkRta/pAli, arabI evaM phArasI) ke nAmoM kI ghoSaNA prativarSa svatantratA-divasa (15 agasta) ke dina karatI hai aura cayanita vidvAnoM ko badhAI-patra preSita karate hue una vidvAnoM ke kRtitva evaM vyaktitva ko ujAgara karanevAle tathyamUlaka sacitra jIvana-vRtta (hindI va aMgrejI meM) bhejane kA anurodha karatI hai, jisase ki unheM sacitra pustakAkAra prakAzita kara rASTrapati bhavana ke 'azoka sabhAgAra' meM puraskAra-sammAna pradAna karane ke avasara para puraskRtavidvAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha upasthita kendrIya mantriyoM, zikSAvidoM evaM pratiSThita nAgarikoM ko ukta pustikA kA vitaraNa kiyA jA ske| ___ rASTrapati-puraskAra pradAna karane sambandhI bhArata sarakAra kI eka uccastarIya pravarasamiti' hotI hai, jo 'yU.jI.sI.' tathA 'yunivarsiTIja oNpha iNDiyA' kI 'Iyara-buksa' (Year prAkRtavidyA+janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 167 Page #170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Books) meM prakAzita bhArata ke sabhI zikSakoM ke zodha-kAryoM Adi kI maulikatA tathA vizeSatAoM kA adhyayana karatI hai| puna: sambandhita vizvavidyAlayoM tathA mahAvidyAlayoM se sambandhita zikSakoM kI kArya-praNAliyoM, zikSaNa-paddhati, saMsthA ke saMcAlana meM sahayoga, chAtroM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke madhya unakI chavi Adi kI jAnakArI prApta karatI hai| puna: khuphiyA-vibhAga tathA pulisa-vibhAga se bhI unake caritra kI gopanIya-riporTa prApta kI jAtI hai| sarvAMgINa jA~ca-parakha ke bAda svayaM santuSTa hokara yaha pravara-samiti sarvasammati se puraskAra-hetu rASTrapati jI ke lie unake nAmoM kI anuzaMsA karatI hai| kabhI-kabhI vyakti socatA hai ki usake kArya-kalApoM ko koI dekhatA nahIM; kintu bAta aisI nahIM, zikSaka kisa-kisa saMsthA se jur3A hai, kisa rAjanIti se jur3A hai, jisa saMsthA kA vaha padAdhikArI hai, usake mUla-uddezya kyA haiM? usase usakA vyaktitva vivAdAspada banA hai athavA vivAda-vihIna, -- ina sabakA lekhA-jokhA vyakti ke anajAne meM hI hotA rahatA hai aura jaba kisI viziSTa sammAna-puraskAra pradAna karane ke liye sUcI taiyAra hone lagatI hai, taba usakI yahI chavi nirNAyaka-maNDala ke sammukha pUrNa-vivaraNa ke sAtha prastuta kI jAtI hai| merA bhI yahI vyaktigata anubhava hai| lagabhaga 30-35 varSa pUrva kI eka ghaTanA hai| merA eka chAtra khuphiyA-vibhAga meM naukarI pA gyaa| hajAroM kI jamAta meM kauna-sA guru apane hajAroM ziSyoM ko yAda rakha sakatA hai? maiM bhI use bhUla hI gayA thaa| eka dina vaha mujhe kahIM rAste meM mila gyaa| usane AdarapUrvaka mere paira chue| phira usane apanA paricaya diyA aura kahA ki "maiM ApakA garIba ziSya thaa| jIvana bhara ApakA atyanta AbhArI rhuuNgaa| Apane eka dina kisI prasaMga meM amerikA ke 16veM rASTrapati abrAhama liMkana aura vahA~ ke eka nIgro jAti ke mahAn uddhAraka netA bukara Teliphero vAziMgaTana tathA baMgAla ke Izvaracandra vidyAsAgara kI atyanta garIbI kA udAharaNa dete hue unakI AsamAnI pragati kI mArmika kahAnI apanI prAkRta kI eka kakSA meM sunAI thI, aura kahA thA ki garIba chAtroM ko apanI garIbI ko kabhI bhI abhizApa nahIM mAnanA cAhie, varan varadAna mAnakara dRr3ha-saMkalpI bananA caahiye| ApakA yaha upadeza itanA mArmika thA ki Aja bhI maiM use nahIM bhUlA aura Aja ApakI kRpA se maiM acchI sarvisa pA sakA huuN| maiM khuphiyA-vibhAga meM huuN|" __usakA bhAvabharita kathana sunakara maiM Azcaryacakita raha gyaa| maiMne usase pUchA ki "khuphiyA-vibhAga meM ho avazya, kintu maiM kyA-kyA karatA hU~, usakI bhI tumheM koI jAnakArI hai? kucha batA sakate ho ki maiM kaba-kaba, kyA-kyA karatA hU~?" aura maiM usa samaya vismita ho uThA, jaba usane kahA ki "anya logoM ke sAtha-sAtha vaha mere viSaya meM bhI sabhI jAnakAriyA~ rakhatA hai|" tAtparya yaha, ki vyakti svayaM hI apane kArya-kalApoM ko to bhUla jAtA hai, kintu khuphiyA-tantra ke khAte meM sabhI ke kArya-kalApa aMkita hote rahate haiN| ___ ata: kisI bhI vyakti ko yaha nahIM socanA cAhaye ki unake vivAdagrasta yA vivAdavihIna 00 168 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #171 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kAryoM ko koI dekhane-parakhanevAlA nhiiN| kinhIM viziSTa-avasaroM para unakA pUrA lekhA-jokhA avazya hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai, jo puraskRta athavA daNDita karane ke liye paryApta hotA hai| rASTrapati sahasrAbdI puraskAra rASTrapati jI kI asvasthatA ke kAraNa mujhe eka varSa bAda milaa| yaha samAroha invesTITyUra seremonI (Investiture Ceremony) kahalAtI hai| yaha Ayojana 6 pharavarI 2002 ko sampanna kiyA gyaa| puraskRta-vidvAnoM ko unakI apanI-apanI dharmapatniyoM ke sAtha bhArata sarakAra havAI ur3Ana se Ane-jAne kA anurodha karatI hai tathA unheM 'thrI sTAra hoTala' meM 4 dinoM taka apane sammAnya rAjakIya-atithi ke rUpa meM ni:zulkarUpa se rahane kI pUrNa-vyavasthA karatI hai| puraskAra-sammAna bhI pUrNa rAjakIya zAna-zaukata ke sAtha pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| puraskRtoM ko sabhAgAra meM agrazreNI meM tathA darzakoM kI dIrghA usake bagala meM tathA sammukha hotI hai| rASTrapati ke sabhAgAra meM Ane ke pUrva puraskRtoM ko riharsala kI prakriyAoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| usameM unheM rASTrapati jI ke sammukha kahA~-kahA~ se, kaise-kaise anuzAsanapUrvaka jAnA cAhiye, kaise puraskAra grahaNa karanA cAhiye tathA puraskAra grahaNa kara kahA~-kahA~ se kaise-kaise lauTakara apanA sunizcita sthAna grahaNa karanA cAhiye, yahI batAyA jAtA hai| ukta prakriyAoM se gujarate samaya mujhe 'mUlAcAra' kI usa gAthA kA smaraNa ho AyA, jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki zrAvaka evaM sAdhu ko kisa prakAra calanA, phiranA, uThanA athavA baiThanA cAhiye-- "kaMdha care kadhaM ciTThe kaMdha bae" Adi aadi| riharsala ke samaya rAjakIya udghoSikA puraskRta-vidvAnoM kA pUrNa-paricaya prastuta karatI hai| tatpazcAt viziSTa pozAka meM lambe-caur3e kada vAle 20-25 haTTe-kaTThe naujavAna aMgarakSaka Ate haiM, jo rASTrapati jI ke maMca ko cAroM ora se gherakara apanA-apanA sthAna grahaNa karate haiN| tatpazcAt bigula bajane ke sAtha hI sunizcita samaya para rASTrapati jI maMca para padhArate haiM aura 'rASTriya gAna' ke bAda kAryakrama prArambha ho jAtA hai| Ayojana ke bAda puraskRtoM ko rASTrapati jI kI ora se bhoja diyA jAtA hai| ve sabhI se sauhArdapUrvaka milate, hAtha milAte aura vArtAlApa karate haiN| unake baccoM ke sAtha bhI jhukakara pyAra se hAtha milAte evaM manoraMjaka vArtAlApa karate haiN| agale dina puraskRtoM ko bhArata sarakAra kI ora se dillI ke viziSTa-sthaloM kA bhramaNa karAyA jAtA hai aura snehila-vAtAvaraNa meM sabhI ko vidAI dI jAtI hai| ___ rASTrapati sahasrAbdI-puraskAra ke upalakSya meM mujhe apane snehI mitroM, gurujanoM, ziSyoM, zrImantoM, dhImantoM evaM netAoM ke itane adhika badhAI-sambandhI TelIphona, tAra evaM patra mile ki maiMne utane kI AzA na kI thii| kucha saMsthAnoM ne mere isa sammAna ke upalakSya meM Ayojana bhI kiye| jaina siddhAMta bhavana, ArA ke kulapati zrI bAbU subodhakumAra jI jaina ne viziSTa Ayojana kara nagara ke prAdhyApakoM evaM samAja ke nara-nAriyoM ke madhya 'siddhAntAcArya' kI upAdhi pradAna kara mujhe svarNasUtra-grathita viziSTa zAla ur3hAkara apanA prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 169 Page #172 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ harSa vyakta kiyA / kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI ne isa sammAna ko svayaM apanA tathA prAkRta evaM jainavidyA kA sammAna maanaa| prAkRta-jagat ne ise durlabha prAkRta-apabhraMza pANDulipiyoM kA sammAna maanaa| sammAna-prApti hetu mere tathA hamArI dharmapatnI ke dillI pahu~cane para zrI kundakunda bhAratI ne havAI aDDe para apane pratinidhiyoM - DaoN. sudIpa jaina, DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina Adi ko bhejakara vahIM para hamAre svAgata kI vyavasthA kii| mere aneka mitroM ne ise samagra jainasamAja kA sammAna mAnA aura maiMne svayaM ise apanI janmabhUmi mAlaoNna (sAgara) tathA karmabhUmi ArA (bihAra), dillI, tathA zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI aura jaina sandeza (mathurA) kA sammAna maanaa| ___ yaha merA mahAn saubhAgya hai ki rASTrasaMta paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ne mere sira evaM pITha para picchI kA sparza karAkara mujhe Age bhI vivAdagrasta jhaMjhaToM se dUra rahakara prAkRta evaM jainavidyA tathA durlabha aprakAzita jaina pANDulipiyoM para ekAgra mana se pUrvavat hI zodha-sampAdana-kArya karate rahane kA zubhAzIrvAda diyA aura DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye tathA DaoN. hIrAlAla jI ke mArga para calate rahane kA maMgala-AzIrvAda diyaa| puraskAra grahaNa karate samaya maiM apanI una zikSA saMsthAoM - papaurA (TIkamagar3ha) gurukula, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya banArasa tathA kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya tathA vahA~ ke apane gurujanoM kA bhI smaraNa karatA rahA, jinake dvArA pradatta-saMskAroM se maiM kucha bana skaa| mujhe apane bacapana ke ve dina bhI yAda Ate rahe, jaba merI mAtA jI prAta:kAla meM hI mujhe nahalAkara tathA svayaM rAjasthAnI-pozAka dhAraNa kara mujhe jina-mandira le jAtI thIM aura devadarzana kara kisI hastalikhita-pothI kA manoyogapUrvaka svAdhyAya karatI thIM aura maiM kabhI unakI zraddhAbharita ekAgra mukhamudrA dekhatA rahatA aura kabhI hastalikhita-grantha kA vaha patra, jisakA ki ve svAdhyAya kiyA karatI thiiN| unake dvArA pradatta vahI pracchanna-saMskAra mukhara huA san 1956 meM, jaba DaoN. upAdhye jI evaM DaoN. hIrAlAla jI ke Adeza se maiMne mahAkavi raidhU, vibudha zrIdhara, mahAkavi siMha tathA mahAkavi padama Adi kI durlabha hastalikhita prAcIna-pANDulipiyoM kI khoja evaM unake adhyayana evaM sampAdana kA dRDhavrata liyaa| yaha kArya mujhe aisA rucikara lagA ki pratidina kaoNleja-sarvisa ke sAtha-sAtha pratidina 14-14, 15-15 ghaNTe kArya karake bhI thakAvaTa kA anubhava nahIM karatA thaa| vartamAna meM bhI merA aisA hI anathaka-abhyAsa cala rahA hai| uccakoTi ke puraskAroM kA apanA bhautika-mahattva to hai hI, kintu unakA manovaijJAnika mahattva usase bhI adhika hai| vaha svastha dIrghAyuSyakArI hotA hai; kyoMki usase buddhijIviyoM ko vinamratA ke sAtha-sAtha naI UrjA-zakti milatI hai, nayA utsAha evaM vividha preraNAyeM milatI haiM, vizeSa uttaradAyitvoM ke nirvAha kI bhAvanA bhI prabala hotI hai aura yaha bhI anubhava hone lagatA hai ki vRddhAvasthA kI gaNanA ulaTI arthAt yuvAvasthA kI ora calane lagI hai aura 00 170 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #173 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaha binA kisI thakAvaTa ke hI pratidina 14-15 ghaNTe nirdvandvabhAva se sArthaka evaM racanAtmaka kArya karane kI sthiti meM Ane lagA hai| ___ maiMne to vyaktigata rUpa se yahI anubhava kiyA hai aura mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki merI yahI kArya-kSamatA agale kaI varSoM taka banI rhegii| merI sadbhAvanA hai ki prAkRta evaM jainavidyA kI sevA ke kSetra meM jo bhI ekAnta-mana se kAryarata haiM, ve yadi nirvivAda rahakara maulika avadAna dete raheMge, to ve bhI rASTrapati ke sarvocca puraskAra-sammAna ko prApta karane ke adhikArI bana sakeMge, isameM sandeha nhiiN| nirvivAda maMgalAcaraNa yasya jJAnadayAsindhoragAdhasyAnaghA gunnaa:| sevyatAmakSayo dhIrA: sa zriye cAmRtAya c|| -(amarakoza 1/1) artha :- jisa anantajJAna aura ananta dayAnidhi paramAtmA anagha - niSpApa guNa haiM, he dhIra puruSo ! vaha paramAtmA zrI aura amRtva kI prApti ke lie sevanIya hai| yata: sarvANi bhUtAni pratibhAnti sthitAni c| yatraivopazamaM yAnti tasmai satyAtmane nmH|| -(yogavAsiSTha) artha :- jisase sAre bhUtasarga (paryAya) pratibhAta (pratIta) hote haiM, sthita haiM tathA jisameM lIna ho jAte haiM usa satya (satsvarUpa) paramAtmA ko namaskAra hai| sarvavyApyaikacidrUpa svarUpAya parAtmane / svopalabdhiprasiddhAya jJAnAnandAtmane namaH / / -(amRtacandrasUri, pravacanasAra TIkA) artha :- jo sarvavyApI (jJAnarUpI prakAza se vyApta), eka mAtra caitanyasvarUpa hai, paramAtmA hai tathA sva kI upalabdhi se prasiddha hai, usa jJAnAnandAtmA ko namaskAra hai| dikkAlAdyanavacchinnAntacinmAtramUrtaye / svAnubhUtyekamAnAya nama: zAntAya tejase / / -(bhartRhari, nItizataka 1) artha :- jo dik, kAla Adi se anavacchinna (avyApya, aspRSTa, abAdha) hai, ananta hai, cinmAtra svarUpa haiM tathA svAnubhavasaMvedya hai, (jise svAnubhUti se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai, pravacana se nahIM) usa zAnta teja:svarUpa ko namaskAra hai| jJAtA jJAnaM tathA jJeyaM draSTA drshn-dRshybhuuH| kartA hetu: kriyA yasmAttasmai jJaptyAtmane nmH|| -(yogavAsiSTha) artha :- jJAtA, jJAna tathA jJeya; draSTA, darzana tathA dRzya; kartA, hetu aura kriyA jisase prasUta haiM; usa jJapti-AtmA (sva-para ko jAnanevAlA jJapti AtmA hai) ke lie namaskAra hai| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 171 Page #174 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pustaka-samIkSA (1) pustaka kA nAma: AnaMdadhArA ( AcArya vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke maMgala pravacanoM kA saMkalana ) : AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja samaya-pramukha prakAzaka : gAMdhI nAthA raMgajI digambara jaina janamaMgala pratiSThAna, solApura (mahA.) : prathama, 2001 I0 saMskaraNa mUlya : 50/- (DimAI sAIz2a, peparabaika, lagabhaga 225 pRSTha ) haiM digambara jainAcArya apanI tapa:sAdhanA evaM jJAnArAdhanA kI vizeSatA ke liye jAne jAte haiN| unake maMgala-pravacanoM meM bhI Atmahita aura lokahita ke utkRSTa pratimAna samAhita hote / pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke jayapura - cAturmAsa ke samaya pradatta maMgala-pravacanoM kA saMkalana suzrI prIti jaina ne kiyA thA, jisakA DaoN. mayUrA zahA ne marAThI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA, aura gAMdhI nAthA raMgajI digambara jaina janamaMgala pratiSThAna, solApura (mahArASTra) ne isakA garimApUrNa prakAzana karAyA hai I marAThI-sAhitya kI samRddhi bhI isa prakAzana se bar3hI hai| vartamAna meM marAThI - bhASA kA sAhitya uccastarIya pratimAnoM ke anurUpa prakAzita ho rahA hai - yaha harSa aura gaurava kA viSaya hai| prastuta - saMskaraNa se adhikAdhika marAThIbhASI loga lAbhAnvita hoMge - aisA vizvAsa 1 -sampAdaka ** (2) pustaka kA nAma: abhiSeka (marAThI jaina-kathA-saMgraha) sampAdaka zreNika annadAte prakAzaka saMskaraNa mUlya 1. : sumeru prakAzana, DI- 6, rAjahaMsa sosAyaTI, tilakanagara, DoMbivalI (pUrva), 421201 : prathama, 2001 I0 : 150/- (DimAI sAIz2a, peparabaika, lagabhaga 223 pRSTha) bhAratIya paramparA meM kathA - sAhitya kA ati mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vidvAnoM ne aisA bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki jainakathA lekhakoM ne jo sAhitya-sRjana kiyA hai, sampUrNa vizva kA kathA sAhitya usase anuprANita hai / 172 prAkRtavidyA- janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #175 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ marAThI-bhASA meM kathA-lekhana aura prAcIna kathAoM kA Adhunika rIti se sampAdana honA isa bhASA ke sAhitya kI samRddhi ko to batAtA hI hai, sAtha hI sampUrNa bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya meM marAThI - sAhitya ke yogadAna ko bhI rekhAMkita karatA hai / isa mahattvapUrNa prakAzana ke liye yazasvI sampAdaka zrImAn zreNika annadAte jI bhUrizaH badhAI ke pAtra haiM / unhoMne sumeru prakAzana ke dvArA marAThI - sAhitya ke prakAzana kI eka yazasvinI-paramparA pravartita kI hai, tathA ve marAThI ke itihAsakAroM ko bhI eka maMca para lAne kA naiSThika prayatna kara rahe haiM / marAThI - sAhitya - jagat meM annadAte jI kA yaha sArasvataavadAna cirasmaraNIya rahegA / -sampAdaka ** (3) pustaka kA nAma: mAjhaM sAsara..... mAjhaM mAhera zabdAMkana 1: zreNika annadAte prakAzaka saMskaraNa mUlya 4. zrImatI zarayU daphtarI, 5-e, vuDalaiMDa, DaoN. jI. dezamukha mArga, mumbaI - 400026 : prathama, 2001 I0 : 60/- (DimAI sAIz2a, peparabaika, lagabhaga 110 pRSTha) prAyaH vyaktiyoM kA jIvana paricaya para sAhitya AtmazlAghA yA kulaparamparA ke yazogItiyoM kI dRSTi se likhA jAtA hai / aura isIkAraNa se lokajIvana meM usakI pratiSThA sAhitya-garimA ke anurUpa nahIM ho pAtI hai / kintu prastuta pustaka isa dizA meM eka apavAda kahI jAyegI, kyoMki isake kendrIya - vyaktitva na kevala parivAra evaM samAja ke liye ativiziSTa the; apitu sampUrNa rASTra ke vikAsa meM unakA yogadAna atulanIya thA / aise mahAn vyaktitvoM kA jIvana, unakI pramukha ghaTanAyeM, unake Adarza aura sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya vikAsa meM unake yogadAna kA pustakAkAra rUpa meM saMkalana aura rUpAMkana apane Apa meM eka preraka-sAhitya ke rUpa meM jAnA jAyegA / zreSThivaryya lAlacaMda jI hIrAcaMda jI dozI ke parivAra ne isa deza meM udyoga - jagat kI AdhArazilA rkhii| pahalA vAyuyAna, pahalA jalayAna evaM moTaragAr3I isa deza meM isI parivAra ke audyogika pratiSThAnoM meM bnii| isake sAtha hI rASTrIya vikAsa ke liye apane udyoga-dhandhoM ke dvArA isa parivAra ne jo yogadAna diyA, vaha isa deza ke itihAsa meM svarNima akSaroM meM aMkita rahegA / svatantratA Andolana ke liye bhI isa parivAra ke yogadAnoM kA ullekha svayaM rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kiyA hai| tathA jainasamAja ke adhikAMza vikAsonmukhI - kArya isI parivAra ke sadasyoM ke yogadAna se saMbhava huye haiM / ina sabakA marAThI bhASA meM lekhA-jokhA prastuta karanevAlI yaha kRti eka sadgRhiNI ke dvArA sIdhe-sAde zabdoM meM, kintu prabhAvI zailI meM nirmita hone ke kAraNa sAhityakAroM, samAjaseviyoM evaM rASTrapremiyoM - sabhI ke liye upayogI siddha hogii| -sampAdaka ** - prAkRtavidyA + janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00173 Page #176 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prakAzaka mUlya pustaka kA nAma : kSatracUDAmaNi (jIvaMdhara-caritra) racayitA : AcArya vAdIbha siMha sampAdaka : bra0 yazapAla jaina prastAvanA : paNDita ratanacanda bhArilla : zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad TrasTa, 129, jAdauna nagara 'bI', sTezanaroDa, durgApurA, jayapura-302018 (rAjasthAna) saMskaraNa : prathama, 2001 I0 : 30/- (DimAI sAIz2a, pakkI z2ilda, lagabhaga 560 pRSTha) ____ digambara-jainAcArya vAdIbhasiMha sUri dvArA viracita 'kSatracUr3AmaNi' aparanAma jIvaMdhara-caritra' nAmaka yaha kAvyagrantha na kevala nItizAstra kA apitu bhAratIya saMskRti, sabhyatA evaM jJAna- vijJAna kA abhUtapUrva koza hai| isakA pramukha vaiziSTya yaha hai ki isameM kahIM bhI koI bAta bojha rUpa meM nahIM lgtii| sIdhe-sAde kathAsUtra aura ghaTanAkrama meM sampUrNa nItijJAna evaM sAMskRtika jJAna-vijJAna ke tattva marmasparzI zailI meM pirAye gaye haiN| - vidvadvareNya paM. ratanacanda bhArilla kI prastAvanA evaM bra. yazapAla jI kA sampAdana bhI isakA zrIvardhana karate haiN| zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad TrasTa dvArA isakA garimApUrNa-rIti se prakAzana huA hai --yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai| pratyeka sAmAjika kAryakartA, zrAvaka-zrAvikA evaM sAhityika-ruci sampanna vyakti ke liye yaha kRti avazya apane nijI-saMgraha meM rakhane yogya evaM bAraMbAra svAdhyAya karane yogya hai| -sampAdaka ** (5) pustaka kA nAma : prAkRta bhASAoM kA tulanAtmaka vyAkaraNa lekhaka : DaoN0 ke.Ara. candra prakAzaka : dalasukha mAlavaNiyA prAkRta grantha pariSad, 12, bhagatabAga sosAyaTI, zAradA maMdira roDa, ahamadAbAda-380007 saMskaraNa : dvitIya, 2001 I0 : 40/- DimAI sAIz2a, peparabaika, lagabhaga 130 pRSTha) isa pustaka kA prathama-saMskaraNa 1982 meM prakAzita huA thA, usake viSaya meM prAkRtabhASA ke talasparzI manISI pro. harivallabha cunnIlAla bhAyANI ne likhA thA ki "adhyApanakArya kI dRSTi se prastuta prayAsa sarAhanIya hai| isakI upayuktatA kA nirNaya to abhyAsa ke vargoM meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| praziSTa-bhASAoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko banAye rakhane ke lie choTe prayAsa bhI bar3e mUlyavAn hote haiN|" isa saMskaraNa meM prathama saMskaraNa kA nauvAM adhyAya 'prAkRtabhASAoM meM prAk-saMskRta tattva' mUlya 00 174 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #177 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ko haTAkara usakI jagaha ardhamAgadhI se saMbaMdhita jAnakArI jor3I gayI hai| kyA hI acchA hotA ki prathama-saMskaraNa ke usa adhyAya ko haTAye binA yaha sAmagrI aura jor3akara ise saMvardhita kiyA jaataa| isa pustaka meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ko AdhAra rakhakara zeSa prAkRtoM ke vizeSa-niyamoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai tathA dhvani-parivartana, rUpa-parivartana Adi ko chAtropayogI DhaMga se samajhAyA gayA hai| prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM va bhASAvidoM ne jisa ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kI vizeSatAoM kA kahIM bhI vargIkRta paricaya nahIM diyA hai, usakI pUrti kA prayAsa isake pariziSTa' meM kiyA gayA hai| ___ katipaya prUpha ke saMzodhana chUTa jAne se vidyArthiyoM meM bhrama kI sthiti bana sakatI hai yathA-'apabhraMza 'ha'kArabahula bhASA mAnI jAtI hai|' yahA~ vastuta: apabhraMza ke ukArabahula hone kA lekhaka saMketita karanA cAhatA hai| phira bhI pustaka avazya paThanIya evaM vicAraNIya -sampAdaka ** pustaka kA nAma : Indra in Jaina Iconography lekhaka : DaoN0 nAgarAjayyA hampA prakAzaka : zrI siddhAntakIrtti granthamAlA, jainamaTha, humbaja-577436 (karnATaka) saMskaraNa : prathama, 2002 I0 mUlya : 200/- (DimAI sAIz2a, peparabaika, raMgIna citroM sahita, 112 pRSTha) jaina-paramparA meM indra-sambandhI avadhAraNA vaidika-paramparA ke avadhAraNA se kitanI bhinna hai, tathA usakA kyA mahattva hai? --isakA anusaMdhAnapUrvaka vivecana prasiddha vidvAna DaoN. nAgarAjayyA hampA ne isa kRti meM kiyA hai| yadyapi isameM zvetAmbara-paramparA ke citroM evaM granthoM ko hI adhikatama AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| ata: isakA prastutikaraNa utanA adhika sarvAMgINa nahIM ho pAyA, jitanA kI sampUrNa digambara jaina-pANDulipiyoM ke adhyayana, anusaMdhAna evaM sAmagrI-saMkalana se isakA svarUpa saMtulita aura mahattvapUrNa rhtaa| phira bhI yaha kRti apane starIya prakAzana ke liye prazaMsanIya hai / tathA aMgrejI bhASA ke jijJAsuoM meM isako adhika samAdara prApta hogaa| -sampAdaka ** (8) pustaka kA nAma : anekAnta bhavana grantharatnAvalI-3 sampAdaka : bra. saMdIpa sarala prakAzaka : anekAnta jJAnamaMdira zodhasaMsthAna, bInA, (sAgara)-470113 (ma.pra.) saMskaraNa : prathama, 2001 I0, (zAstrAkAra, pakkI jilda, lagabhaga 240 pRSTha) . digambara-jainAcAryoM evaM manISiyoM ne jina granthoM kA praNayana apanI sArasvata-pratibhA prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 175 Page #178 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ evaM gahana niSThA ke sAtha kiyA, usakA pramANa vipula-parimANa meM milanevAlI jaina pANDulipiyA~ haiN| jainasamAja meM prAya: inako praNAma karake hI apane kartavya kI itizrI samajha lI jAtI thI, kintu videzI vidvAnoM ne sarvaprathama bhAratIya logoM ko aura jainasamAja ko apanI isa bahumUlya-virAsata ke prati sAvadhAna kiyA, aura usIke pariNAmasvarUpa hamAre kucha grantha Aja pANDulipiyoM ke rUpa meM surakSita raha pAye haiN| prAcIna zreSThiyoM evaM dharmAnurAgiyoM ne atIva niSThApUrvaka jainagranthoM kI pANDulipiyA~ banavAI thIM, kintu pichale do-tIna sau sAloM meM jainasamAja ke pUrNata: vyApAra-kendrita ho jAne ke kAraNa usake dvArA apanI isa amUlya virAsata kI vyApaka upekSA huI, aura isIkAraNa anekoM mahattvapUrNa pANDulipiyA~ naSTa bhI ho gyiiN| ____sAmAjika janajAgRti ke isa yuga meM 'anekAMta jJAna-maMdira zodha saMsthAna', bInA (ma.pra.) ke bra. saMdIpa sarala jI ke dvArA jaina pANDulipiyoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM anusaMdhAna ke liye jo yaha naiSThika prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha prazaMsanIya hai| unake dvArA prakAzita yaha kRti jaina-sAhitya para anusaMdhAna karanevAle zodhArthiyoM ko vyApaka upayogI siddha hogI --aisA vizvAsa hai| ___-sampAdaka ** lokabhASA aura zabda-prakRti 'zabdaprakRtirapabhraMza, iti sNgrhkaar:|' -(vAkyapadIya 1/148, harivRtti, pR0 134) artha :- apabhraMza zabdaprakRtivAlA hai, arthAt sAdhAraNa-janatA kI bhASA se hI apabhraMza-bhASA kA nirmANa huA hai| - vyAkaraNa kevala unhIM bhASAoM kA hotA hai, jinakA rUpa kucha sthira ho cukA hai, tathA jo ziSTasammata haiN| kintu bhASAvijJAna saMsAra kI samasta bhASAoM evaM boliyoM se yahA~ taka ki bahuta zIghra parivartita hone vAlI jaMgalI yA asabhya-jAtiyoM kI boliyoM se bhI na kevala saMbaMdha rakhatA hai, balki ina boliyoM evaM janatA meM pracalita bhASAoM se hI bhASA ke jIvanta-svarUpa kA patA, sAhityika bhASA kI apekSA, kahIM adhika calatA hai| udAharaNArtha- hindI pradeza meM 'thambha' aura 'khambha' (yA khaMbhA) donoM zabda calate haiN| pahale vidvAn samajhate the ki donoM zabdoM kA vikAsa saMskRta' ke stambha zabda se huA hai, kintu 'khaMbha' zabda kA vikAsa stambha' se honA bar3A asaMgata lagatA thaa| astu, khoja karane se patA calA ki vaidika bhASA meM eka zabda 'skambha' (Rk 4/2/14/5, sAyaNa stambha) bhI hai, aura 'khaMbhA' zabda isI se vikasita huA hai| isaprakAra janatA meM pracalita bhASA ke sahAre hama mUla taka pahu~ca sake, bhASAvijJAna isalie janatA kI boliyoM ko vizeSa mahattva detA hai, jabaki vyAkaraNa inakI ora dRSTi uThAkara bhI nahIM dekhtaa| 00 176 prAkRtavidyA+janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #179 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ abhimata (c) 'prAkRtavidyA', julAI-sitambara 2001 aMka prApta huA thA, aMka sabhI dRSTi se acchA, sundara aura paThanIya sAmagrI se pUrNa hai| aMka kA AvaraNa-pRSTha aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika --donoM dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| maiM itihAsa kA vidyArthI rahA hU~, aura candragupta maurya kA zAsanakAla vAstava meM mahattvapUrNa rahA hai, vizeSakara kauTilya kI upasthiti ke kaarnn| sarakAra kA prayAsa to sarAhanIya hai hI ki vaha yadA-kadA kucha acchA kara dikhAtI hai, jaise candragupta maurya para DAka-TikiTa nikAlane kA kaary| parantu Apa jaise sampAdaka janasAdhAraNa ke lie usakA mahattva kisa taraha AMkakara saMketa karate haiM, yaha vAstava meM eka gaMbhIra-soca kA pariNAma hai| - aMka meM zravaNabelgola, sammedazikhara, vidizA ke jaina-maMdiroM-saMbaMdhI vivaraNa yatra-tatra dikhatA hai| sampAdakIya sadaiva kucha na kucha navInatA lie hotI hai, aura isa aMka meM bhI AdigraMtha 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' ke maMgalAcaraNa-aMza kA vivaraNa prastuta kara paramparA kA nirvAha huA hai| 'samayapAhuDa'-saMbaMdhI lekha pramANoM ke AdhAra para acchA tana par3A hai, lekhaka kI vidvattA para garva kiyA jAnA caahiye| 'dakSiNabhArata meM samrATa candragupta se pUrva bhI jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra thA' Alekha meM kauzalapUrvaka rakhI gaI dRSTi dhyAna AkRSTa karatI hai| DaoN. udayacandra jaina kI 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' para lekha sampAdakIya ke sAtha nizcaya hI jJAnavRddhi meM sahAyaka hai| 'AtmajayI mahAvIra evaM RSabhadeva kI dena' Alekha bhI saMkSipta hone para bhI acchI jAnakArI dete haiN| mAMsAhAra : eka samIkSA', eka khojapUrNa Alekha hai| bahuta kucha sIkhane, socane aura samajhane kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hotI hai| zAkAhArI ke prati briTena kI bImA kampanI kA rukha bar3A vicitra va satyatA ko lie hai| maiMne rAjasva-adhikArI ke nAte donoM svAdoM ko cakhA hai aura yaha satyatA ke sAtha kahatA hU~, mujhe 'mAMsAhArI' honA kabhI acchA nahIM lgaa| zAkAhArI meM jo majA, svAda aura Atmika-bala hai, vaha mAMsAhArI meM nhiiN| isIlie kucha samaya meM hI mAMsabhakSaNa kI sthiti ko tyAganA pdd'aa| AtmA ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ___ 'zabdasvarUpa evaM dhvani-vijJAna' tathA 'zramaNoM ke mUlaguNa' Alekha bhI zodhapUrNa evaM jJAnavardhaka hai| aMka kI anya sAmagrI bhI acchI hai| jahA~ pustaka-samIkSA pustakeM dekhane kI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0 177 Page #180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ lalaka jagAtI haiM, vahI 'samAcAradarzana' naI jAnakArI detA hai| 'prAkRtavidyA' meM yatra-tatra jo dRSTAMta, sUjhabUjha ke aMza TIparUpa meM die jAte hai, ve bar3e bahumUlya hote haiM; udAharaNArtha vyavahAranaya, abhUtArtha, kaliyuga netA ke lakSaNa aadi| surezacandra sinhA kA lekha 'rAvaNa nahIM phUMkA jAyegA aba dazahare para', Adhunika vAstavikatA kA digdarzana karAtA hai| maiM batAU~ ki madhya pradeza ke vidizA jile kI tahasIla 'naTerana' se 4 ki0mI0 para base grAma kA nAma hI 'rAvaNa' par3a gayA hai| zAdI-vivAha kA avasara ho yA anya mAMgalika kArya, hara zubha kAma se pahale rAvaNa bAbA kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| yahA~ para sthita rAvaNa kI pratimA 8-9 phuTa lambI sar3aka ke kinAre leTI hai| ina sabase sarAbora aMka AkarSita karatA hai| badhAI svIkAra kreN| -madana mohana varmA, gvAliyara (ma0pra0) ** (c) 'prAkRtavidyA', julAI-sitambara 2001 aMka prApta huaa| AdyopAMta pddh'aa| pUrvavat mananIya, saMgrahaNIya hai| DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI kA Alekha 'samayapAhuDa badalane kA duHsAhasapUrNa upakrama' jainadarzana aura saMskRti meM yojanAbaddha supta-parivartana ke khatare kA saMketa de rahA hai| jUna 1993 meM khuraI meM 'a0bhA0di0 jaina vidvatpariSada' ne sarvasammati se prastAva pArita kiyA thA ki sampAdaka-gaNa graMtha kI mUla-gAthAoM meM parivartana nahIM kreNge| yadi kahIM vicAra-bhinnatA hai, to use TippaNI meM likheNge| yaha prastAva zrI paM0 padmacaMda jI ke sAnnidhya/preraNA se pArita huA thaa| yadi sammAnIya vidvAn paM0 jI evaM vidvat-varga isa prastAva kA pAlana karatA, to jainAgama kama se kama jainoM se surakSita banA rhtaa| vizvAsa hai ki Agama-adhyetA isa para vicAra kreNge| rahA prazna pratipAdya-viSaya kA, isa para to AcArya kundakunda aura AcArya amRtacanda jaise niSpahI, niSNAta, ni:graMtha hI anubhavajanya-zuddhi kara sakate haiM; kyoMki unhoMne hI gAthA 144 meM samayasAra rUpa AtmA kI prApti/anubhava nayapakSavihIna ko darzAyI sarvazrI AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, zrI rAjakumAra jaina Adi ke Alekha mananIya evaM dizAbodhaka haiN| ApakA sampAdakIya evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM candragupta se pUrva bhI jainadharma thA' zramasAdhya evaM tathyAtmaka hai| gaveSaNA-hetu bdhaaii| anya Alekha zodhaparaka, starIya evaM jJAnavarddhaka haiN| ___AcAryazrI ke anubhavaprApta Alekha kA abhAva hamezA khaTakA hai| ApakI zramasAdhanA kA prnnaam| -DaoN0 rAjendra kumAra baMsala, amavAI (ma0pra0) ** 6 'prAkRtavidyA', julAI-sitambara 2001 aMka kA avalokana kA suavasara prApta huaa| par3hakara jainadharma kI isa sAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM sAhityika-cetanA kI saMvAhaka patrikA se avagata huaa| 'bhAratIya darzana' kI sUkSmatA meM uccakoTi kA adhyAtma tathA 00 178 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #181 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ virATa svarUpa meM zrI mahAvIra kA darzana hotA hai| isI mArga para calakara jIva-jagat apanA kalyANa kara sakatA hai| 'prAkRtavidyA' kA ise sahI dizA pradAna karane kA prayAsa sarAhanIya -candrakAnta yAdava, candaulI (u0pra0) ** * 'prAkRtavidyA' hamAre hRdaya meM basI hai| prAkRtavidyA' meM Aye huye hara lekha kI maiMne samIkSA kii| lekha, mudraNa, jAnakArI mujhe sarAhanIya evaM prazaMsanIya lgii| Apa jo yaha dharma-jAgRti kA kArya kara rahe haiM, vaha abhinaMdanIya hai| ___ --jagadIza candra kulakarNI, dAminI nagara, solApura (mahArASTra) ** (r) 'prAkRtavidyA', julAI-sitambara 2001 kA aMka mujhe prApta huaa| hama donoM Apake aura 'prAkRtavidyA parivAra' ke RNI haiN| prAkRtavidyA mujhe samaya para milatI rahatI hai| isa aMka meM dakSiNa bhArata meM samrATa candragupta maurya se bhI pUrva' kI bAteM evaM 'AtmajayI mahAvIra' isameM mana, vacana, karma para saMyama tathA ahiMsA, adroha aura maitrI ise acche DhaMga se jIne kI preraNA detA hai| sAdhuoM kA nivAsa aura vihAra....' meM kAphI jAnakArI prApta huii| brAhmI lipi kI sataha taka le jAne kA dhanyavAda / hamAre myUjiyama meM sikkoM kA Documentation karate haiM, tathA kaoNleja meM History par3ane vAle vidyArthiyoM ko Coins ke bare meM Lecture bhI dete haiN| isa saMdarbha meM jo 'baiMkiga praNAlI' kI jAnakArI prApta huI, jaise dhana kA dAma, byAja kI pratizatatA, jamA-rAzi para byAja, jo Aja hamAre jIvana meM kitanI saralatA se vizva meM kArya karate haiN| AtmA aura karma, AtmA saMyama aura AcAra mUlakadharma tathA nAva aura mallAha kA kissA tathA kaliyuga kA kissA jo saba cala rahA hai| jAnavara (jIvadayA) para banAyA kAnUna dila ko chU lenI vAlI bAta hai| isa kalayuga meM bejubAna jAnavaroM ke liye kAnUna bnaayaa| AtmA aura karma, Atma saMyama aura AcAramUlaka dharma tathA aura kucha bAteM hama pradarzana ke vakta usakI Xerox nikalavAkara pradarzana meM Display karate haiM, tAki AnevAlI pIr3hI par3hakara kama se kama thor3A-sA apane dimAga meM grahaNa kare yA thor3A-sA badalAva laaye| DaoN0 ramezacandra jI ke khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava meM jo neminAtha jI, zAnti jI, kuntha aura aranAtha jI kI mUrti ke bAre meM diyA hai, jo hamAre Museum meM jaina-mUrtiyoM ke varNana karane meM kAphI sahAyaka huA hai| hama prAkRtavidyA-parivAra ke RNI haiN| -apharoja sulatAnA evaM zaphakA sulatAnA, ahamadAbAda (gujarAta) ** * 'prAkRtavidyA', kA varSa 13 kA aMka prApta huaa| AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja kA saMyama-viSayaka vizleSaNa pratyeka mAnava-hRdaya ko sparza karanevAlA hai| 'picchI-kamaNDalu' bhI munidharma kI mahattA ke lie mananIya hai| pUjyazrI kA adhyayana aura jIvana aisA hai ki ve jo bolate haiM, vaha unakA pacAyA huA hotA hai| ___paMDitapravara ToDaramala jI kI Agama tathA sAhitya-sevA sAhitya ke itihAsa meM amara-avismaraNIya hai aura rahegI, para maiMne yaha bhI dekhA ki hamAre katipaya svanAmadhanya prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0 179 Page #182 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vidvAn matabheda ke kAraNa utanA mahattva nahIM dete, jaise khaMDelavAla jAti kA itihAsa' nAmaka pustaka ke lekhaka sva. DaoN. kastUracaMda jI kAsalIvAla ne paMDita jI kA paricaya atyanta-saMkSepa meM diyA hai| saba jAnate haiM ki unhoMne aisA kyoM kiyaa| sva. DaoN. jyotiprasAda jI kA 'prAcIna jaina vizvavidyAlaya'-viSayaka zodhapUrNa lekha dekara Apane manISiyoM ke lie preraNAdAyI sevA kI hai| isItaraha bhAratavarSa ke nAma ke viSaya meM vaidika purANagranthoM ke pramANa mahattvapUrNa haiN| ApakA sampAdakIyaM 'dhvaja se dizAbodha' bhI samAja ke lie aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI to choTI-sI pustikA pratyeka gA~va aura gharoM meM pahuMcanI cAhiye / zodha tathA sAmAjika vikAsa kI dRSTi se 'prAkRtavidyA' eka saMgrahaNIya-dastAveja jaisI patrikA hai| pUjya AcArya vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke pAvana AzIrvAda se isakI prANavAyu jana-jana taka pahuMcegI, isameM saMdeha nhiiN| -jamanA lAla jaina, abhaya kuTIra, sAranAtha, vArANasI ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA', (aktUbara-disambara '01) kA aMka 3 milaa| zodha kI dizA meM yaha traimAsikI 'mIla kA patthara' hai| -paM. nihAlacanda jaina, bInA (ma.pra.) ** * 'prAkRtavidyA', (aktUbara-disambara '01) kA aMka svAdhyAya karane kA avasara milaa| AvaraNa-pRSTha para mudrita 'paMcavarNI dhvaja' bahuta sundara hai, tathA 'dhvaja se dizAbodha' paMcavarNI dhvaja kA mahattva kI mujhe bhI nahIM, sAre jainoM ko sikhAyA hai| isataraha mahattvapUrNa viSayoM ko bAra-bAra dene kI kaSTa kreN| -vI. vimalanAthana jaina, tamilanADu ** 0 ApakA prayatna prAkRta-pannoM para aMkita zaurasenI kI mahimA gAne meM pIche nahIM rhtaa| isake pratyeka aMka gauravAnvita karanevAle vividha-sandarbha kI sUcanA de rahe haiN| sAhityika-kSetra meM dRSTi sarvopari hai aura sarvopari banI rahegI, jisane saMvardhana ko dizA dI aura sAhityakAroM ko nae-nae sUtra die| __ AzA hai 'prAkRtavidyA' prAkRta-jagat arthAt jana-sAdhAraNa meM jisa rUpa meM pracalita ho rahI hai, vaha mAtra mehanata kA phala nahIM, apitu saphala-saMpAdana kI kalA kA hai| -DaoN0 udayacaMda jaina, udayapura (rAja.) ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' kA navInatama aMka milaa| AdyopAnta par3ha gaI huuN| sadA kI taraha utkRSTa saMpAdana hai| kucha lekhoM kA vizeSarUpa se ullekha karanA caahuuNgii| AcArya vidyAnanda munirAja jI ke donoM lekha bahuta sUcanAparaka tathA preraNAspada hai| 'picchi aura kamaNDalu' meM donoM ke viSaya meM vistAra se sUcanAyeM tathA unakI jaina-muniyoM ke lie upayogitAyeM batAI gaI haiN| 'uttama saMyama. mahAvrata' lekha zreSTha hai tathA sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie bhI 'saMyama' kI AvazyakatA para bala detA hai| zrI prakAzacaMda zAstrI 'hitaiSI' ke prastuta bhASaNa (jo Apane prakAzita kiyA hai) meM sacce vidvAn kI paribhASA, nirmala caritra tathA vizvamaitrIbhAva ke Adarza sundara rUpa meM prastuta hue haiM tathA Aja ke yuga meM unakI prAsaMgikatA bhI kama nhiiN| Ananda 00 180 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #183 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prakAza jaina kI kahAnI devatAoM kI citA' rucikara hai tathA DaoN. pracaMDiyA kA AdhyAtmika gIta preraNAspada hai| DaoN. sUryakAnta bAlI ke lekha meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva tathA unake jyeSTha-putra bharata kA ullekha bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karatA hai, jahA~ vicAra bhinna hote hue bhI manomAlinya nahIM miltaa| yahI kAraNa hai bhAgavat meM RSabhadeva kI smRti surakSita hai| keralI-saMskRti meM jaina-yogadAna eka vistRta zodhalekha hai, jisameM dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke bAre meM rocaka jAnakArI milatI hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa hai ApakA saMpAdakIya dhvaja se dizAbodha' 'dhvaja' zabda ke vibhinna artha, pratIkAtmakatA evaM vibhinna varNI kI vyAkhyAyeM jJAnavardhana karatI hai| jainadharma kI paMcavarNI dhvajA usake madhya svastika tathA bIca meM cAra biMdu tathA cAra tirache laghudaNDa ke anusAra dhvaja ke bIca 'svastika' kA rUpa kucha spaSTa nahIM rahA hai| parantu mukhapRSTha para jo 'svastika' hai, dhvajA meM vaha isa rUpa meM nahIM hai| kAraNa batA sakeM, to z2arUra btaaie| jo bhI hai ApakA saMpAdakIya bhI sUcanAparaka hai, tathA hamAre prAcIna pratIkoM kI vaijJAnikatA siddha karatA hai| -DaoN. (zrImatI) praveza saksenA, naI dillI** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' kA aMka 3 milaa| pUrI patrikA hI sAragarbhita evaM saMgrahaNIya hotI hai| yaha prAkRta-premiyoM kA kaNThahAra banatI jA rahI hai| ApakA, DaoN. bAlI, rAjamala jaina jI ke lekha saMgrahaNIya haiN| -praNava zAstrI, badAyU~ (u.pra.) ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' kA varSa 13, aMka 3 prApta huA, jisakA AbhArI huuN| patrikA manohara aura jJAnavardhaka-sAmagrI se paripUrNa hai| dharma aura prAcIna bhASA sAhitya-viSayaka jo sAmagrI isameM sulabha hai, usase jijJAsuoM kI jJAna-pipAsA zAMta hotI hai| maiM isa patrikA ke anavarata prakAzana kI satkAmanA karatA huuN| -DaoN. bhagavatIlAla rAjapurohita, ujjaina (ma.pra.) ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' kA aktUbara-disambara 2001 kA aMka prApta huA, dhanyavAda / zaurasenI, prAkRta evaM sAMskRtika-mUlyoM kI pradyotita karane ke lie yaha patrikA nitAnta upayogI to hai hI, sarvopari bhI hai| manohArI-AvaraNa jainazAsana ke mAMgalika-pratIka paMcaraMgI dhvaja aura ise vizleSita karanevAle mahattvapUrNa sampAdakIya-Alekha ke lie patrikA ke yazasvI sampAdaka DaoN. sudIpa jI ko aneka badhAiyA~ / Apane sAdhu-saMsthA, itihAsa, Agama, bhASAzAstra, saMskRti aura sama-sAmayika ghaTanAcakra para puSkala prAmANika-sAmagrI isa aMka meM prakAzita kara adhyetAoM aura anusandhitsuoM ko sauvidhya sulabha karAyA hai| ___ dArzanika-rAjA kI paramparA ke pravartaka tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha' aura 'manISIpravara ToDaramala : pramukha zaurasenI jainAgamoM ke prathama hindI TIkAkAra' Alekha sabhI manISiyoM zodha-khoja meM nirata vidvAnoM ko prabhUta sAmagrI ke sAtha jinazAsana ke rahasya udghATita karate haiN| isa bhavya aura prabhAvotpAdaka zodhapatrikA ke prakAzana tathA sampAdana ke lie prakAzana prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 40 181 Page #184 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMsthAna evaM sampAdaka sAdhuvAda ke adhikArI haiN| --pro. DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgenda' ** (r) 'prAkRtavidyA' kA aktUbara-disambara 2001 aMka adhyayana karane kA saubhAgya prApta huaa| pratyeka aMka kI bhA~ti yaha aMka bhI manamohaka, AkarSaka, sundara chapAI-yukta va paThanIya hai| kavara pRSTha para jainazAsana kA mAMgalika-pratIka 'paMcaraMgI-dhvaja' ko dekhakara mastaka svata: hI vinata ho gyaa| bAda meM kavara-pRSTha ke pIche tathA Apake sampAdakIya meM dhvaja, jaina-dhvaja ke sambandha meM ekAgracitta hokara par3hA, jisase kAphI acchI jAnakArI milii| 'jainadhvaja' kI mahattA-pratipAdana meM ApakA sampAdakIya nizcita hI eka bahuta bar3A sAdhana hai| jainasamAja meM jainadhvaja ke sambandha meM aneka bhrAMtiyA~ phailI haiM, unako nizcita hI yaha zodhaparaka-lekha samAdhAna karane meM samartha hai| jainadhvaja jainasamAja kI AtmA hai| 'picchi aura kamaNDalu' AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI kA zodhaparaka lekha bahuta acchA dastAveja hai| pro. rAjArAma jI ne manISIpravara ToDaramala jI ke sambandha meM cauMkAnevAlA saphala varNana-paricaya diyA hai| ToDaramala jI bahuta bar3e sAdhaka-vidvAn manISI the| unakI sevA jainasamAja meM sadaiva cira-smaraNIya hogii| pIche citramaya jhalakiyoM ne to mana ko praphullita hI kara diyaa| 'prAkRta' ke utthAna meM 'kundakunda bhAratI' ke atulanIya prayAsa ke lie jainasamAja sadaiva RNI rhegaa| -sunIla jaina 'saMcaya' zAstrI, vArANasI (u.pra.) ** 0 Apa dvArA sampAdita 'prAkRtavidyA' yathAsamaya prApta hotI hai, anugRhIta huuN| 'prAkRtavidyA' sabhI dRSTiyoM se starIya hai| isa zobhana prakAzanArtha Apa sAdhuvAda ke pAtra hai| -DaoN. premacanda rAMvakA, jayapura (rAja.) ** * 'prAkRtavidyA' kA paThanIya, saMgrahaNIya aMka milA, dhanyavAda / --DaoN. kusuma paToriyA, nAgapura (mahA.) ** varNajJAna kI AvazyakatA "varNajJAnavilope ca padajJAnaM kathaM bhavet? / satyeva varNajJAne padajJAnasya sambhavAt / / padajJAnamanAvRtya vAkyajJAnasya durlabham / padajJAnAnujaM yasmAdvAkyajJAnaM parairmatam / / padavAkyavyavasthA ca tajjJAnAsambhave katham / vyavahAro yata: zAbda: siddhayenyAyavidAM mate / / -(AcArya vAdirAjasUri, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNe, 1/20-629-631 pR0 223) ___artha :- varNajJAna na hone para padajJAna kaise ho sakatA hai, kyoMki varNajJAna hone para hI padajJAna hotA hai| padajJAna ke binA vAkyajJAna honA durlabha hai, kyoMki padajJAna se hI vAkyajJAna hotA hai| pada-vAkya-vyavasthA kA jJAna na hone para nyAya kA jJAna nahIM | hotA, kyoMki vyavahAra zabdoM se hI hotA hai| 00 182 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #185 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUla sudhAra 'prAkRtavidyA' ke pichale aMka ke sampAdakIya meM mudraNa-sambandhI truTi ke kAraNa kucha cihna Adi mudrita hone se raha gaye the, jisake sambandha meM prabuddha-pAThakoM ne apane patroM ke mAdhyama se hamArA dhyAnAkarSaNa karAyA / yadyapi patrikA chapakara Ate yaha visaMgati hamArI dRSTi meM A gayI thI, phira bhI hama apane sabhI prabuddha - pAThakoM kA AbhAra vyakta karate haiM, aura sampAdakIya lekha kA vaha aMza, jisameM mudraNa-sambandhI truTi raha gayI thI, usakA nirdoSarUpa yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiM / sudhI pAThakoM se anurodha hai ki kRpayA isa saMzodhana ko pichale aMka meM sudhAra kara use pUrNatA pradAna kareM / -sampAdaka 'svastika' ke nirmANa kI vidhi atyanta vaijJAnika hai| isameM sarvaprathama nIce se Upara kI ora eka khar3I rekhA ( 1 ) banAte haiM, jo 'utpatti' yA 'janma' kI sUcikA hai| isake bAda isI ko kATatI huI bA~ye se dA~yI ora Ar3I rekhA ( - ) banAte haiM, jo leTI huI avasthA ke samAna 'mRtyu' kI pratIka hai| ina rekhAoM kA eka-dUsare ko bAdhita karane (+) kA abhiprAya yahI hai, ki jIva svayaM hI svayaM kA bAdhaka hai, anya dravya usakA bhalA-burA nahIM karatA hai| apane ajJAna ke kAraNa hI jIva janma-maraNa kara rahA hai| ina | janma-maraNa ke cakra meM vaha cAra gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai. - yaha sUcita karane ke lie (+) cihna ke cAroM siroM para cAroM dizAoM meM anukrama (klaoNka vAiz2a) jAnevAlI choTI rekhAyeM yA daNDa banAte haiM ( 5 ), jo janma-maraNa se caturgati-paribhramaNa ko jJApita karatI haiN| phira ina cAroM daNDoM ke kinAre tirache laghudaNDa isaprakAra banAte haiM (5), jo ki caturgati-paribhramaNa se bAhara nikalane ke puruSArtha ke pratIka haiN|' bIca ke cAra bindu isaprakAra hama rakhate haiM ( ) / ye cAra bindu nahIM haiM, apitu cAra kUTa- aMka haiM, jo ki kramaza: 3, 24, 5, 4 ke rUpa meM likhe jAte haiM / inakA sUcaka prAkRta pramANa nimnAnusAra hai" rayaNattayaM ca vaMde, cauvIsaM jiNaM ca sadA vaMde / paMcagurUNaM vaMde, cAraNacaraNaM sadA vade / / " - ( iti samAdhibhakti: 10, pRSTha 114 ) arthAt 3 kA aMka ratnatraya, 24 kA aMka caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA, 5 kA aMka paMcaparameSThI kA evaM 4 kA aMka cAra- anuyogamayI jinavANI kA sUcaka hai| inakI bhakti, vaMdanA, sAnnidhya evaM Azraya se jIva kramaza: dravyakarma, bhAvakarma evaM nokarma ina tIna karmoM se mukta hokara siddhazilA para siddha paramAtmA ke rUpa meM virAjamAna ho jAtA hai; isa tathya ko sUcita karane ke lie svastika ke Upara tIna bindu, ardhacandra - AkRti evaM madhyabindu isaprakAra banAyA jAtA hai / isaprakAra caturgati-paribhramaNa - nivAraNa kI pratIka yaha | maMgalAkRti AtmasvarUpa meM sthiratA kI sUcikA hai| inase alaMkRta hokara jainoM kI paMcavarNI dhvajA 'mahAdhvajA' kahalAtI hai / prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra vizeSAMka 183 Page #186 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samAcAra darzana ... 'AcArya kundakunda' evaM 'AcArya umAsvAmI' puraskAra samarpita 'AcArya kundakunda evaM AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAroM ke samarpaNa-samAroha ke suavasara para maMgala-AzIrvAda pradAna karate huye pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda munirAja ne kahA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kI pratyeka ghaTanA aura unake dvArA batAyA gayA AtmakalyANa kA mArga pratyeka-kAla meM hara vyakti ke liye upayogI hai, aura use apanA Adarza banAkara hI hama apanA jIvana maMgalamaya banA sakate haiN| AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ne anya-bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM aura una bhASAoM meM vyApta prAkRta ke zabdoM kI carcA karate hue kahA ki tulasIdAsa ke kAvyagrantha 'rAmacarita mAnasa' meM 68 pratizata aura vedoM meM 66 pratizata prAkRta ke zabda haiN| DaoN. nAmavara siMha kI carcA karate hue unhoMne kahA ki unakI racanA meM oja aura teja hai tathA unakI kalama para sarasvatI virAjatI hai| unhoMne sammAnita vidvAnoM ko apanA zubhAzISa dete huye kahA ki prAkRta aura saMskRta-bhASAyeM bhArata kI mUlabhUta prAcIna-bhASAyeM haiM, tathA bhArata kA adhikAMza prAcIna jJAna-vijJAna inhIM bhASAoM ke granthoM meM surakSita hai| RSi-paramparA ne saMskRtabhASA ko mukhyatA dI, tathA zramaNa-paramparA ke muniyoM ne prAkRtabhASA ko vizeSarUpa se apnaayaa| ina donoM paramparAoM ke manISiyoM dvArA bhAratIya saMskRti aura jJAna-vijJAna kA pracAra-prasAra yugoM se bhArata deza meM hotA rahA hai| hama apanI prAcIna-virAsata ko yadi bhUla jAyeMge, to hama apanI saMskRti aura paramparA ko bhI bhUla jaayeNge| isaliye hameM prAkRtabhASA evaM saMskRtabhASA ko sIkhanA hogA, tathA inake vidvAnoM kA sammAna karane ke sAtha-sAtha isa vidyA ke kSetra meM adhika se adhika loga AkarSita hoM --aisA bhI prayatna karanA hogaa| prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya-viSayaka 'AcArya kundakunda puraskAra' se sammAnita vizvavikhyAta bhASAzAstrI pro. nAmavarasiMha jI ne apane vaktavya meM kahA ki "pUjya AcAryazrI ke agAdha jJAna se maiM varSoM se paricita hU~, aura aise santoM kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda pAkara hI maiM prAkRtabhASA aura usake sAhitya ke kSetra meM kucha yogadAna kara sakA huuN| merI hArdika bhAvanA hai ki deza ke pratyeka vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRtabhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke liye svatantra aura samRddha vibhAga hoM, tAki adhika se adhika loka ise sIkha sakeM aura isa bhASA meM likhita bhAratIya granthoM kA adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna kara skeN| isa bhASA ke granthoM meM aise rahasya 40 184 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #187 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ chipe huye haiM, ki jinako jAna le, to sArA vizva camatkRta ho jaaye|" unhoMne kahA ki "bIsavIM sadI ati kI sadI rahI hai aura yadi mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda sahI hai, to hameM kAmanA karanI cAhiye ki yaha sadI ati ke aMta kI sadI ho| 'ati sarvatra varjayata' kI jarUrata Aja sabase jyAdA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana ke anekAntavAda kA maiM RNI hU~, kyoMki bhArata kI bahulatA kA darzana anekAntavAda meM prApta hotA hai|" unhoMne kAzI ke saMskAroM kI carcA karate huye kahA ki kAzI meM mere 'assIghATa' sthita nivAsa ke eka tarapha 'syAdvAda vidyAlaya' thA, to dUsarI tarapha 'tulasI ghaatt'| ina donoM ke bIca rahakara prAkRta aura apabhraMza kA saMskAra maiMne grahaNa kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki maiM jaina nahIM hU~ aura na hI mere saMskAroM meM dUra-dUra taka jaina-paramparA hai aura mere bAda mere ghara meM bhI prAkRta par3hane-jAnanevAlA koI nahIM hai, kintu na jAne vaha kauna-sA saMskAra hai, jisane mujhe prAkRta kI ora prerita kiyA? DaoN. nAmavara siMha ne isake pIche apane pUrvajanmoM ke saMskAra hone kI bAta khii| 'kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa'. aura 'jaina mitra maMDala' dvArA bhagavAn vardhamAna mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmakalyANaka-varSa ke avasara para Ayojita 'AcArya kundakunda puraskAra' evaM 'AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra' arpaNa samAroha meM prAkRtabhASA meM vizeSa-kArya karane ke liye diye jAne vAle 'kundakunda puraskAra' ke rUpa meM DaoN. nAmavara siMha ko lokasabhA ke pUrva adhyakSa evaM vipakSa ke upanetA zivarAja pATila ne aMgavastra, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA svarNa maMDita laoNkeTa, sammAna patra, smRti cihna evaM eka lAkha rupaye kI rAzi pradAna kii| saMskRtabhASA evaM sAhitya-viSayaka 'AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra' se sammAnita manISI pro. vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI ne kahA ki "yaha zramaNa-saMskRti kI vizeSatA hai ki usane prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRtabhASA ko bhI apanAyA, aura isIliye AcArya umAsvAmI jaise vizvavikhyAta AcAryoM ne saMskRtabhASA meM bhI sAhitya-sRjana kiyaa| jaina muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM kI saMskRta-sAhitya kI samRddhi ke liye mahattvapUrNa dena rahI hai| mujhe yaha kahate huye harSa hai ki lAla bahAdura zAstrI vidyApITha meM saMskRta ke adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha svatantra prAkRtabhASA kA vibhAga khulA hai, tathA maiM hara saMbhava prayatna karU~gA ki yaha vibhAga adhika se adhika unnati kare, aura isameM acchI se acchI zikSA kI suvidhAyeM upalabdha hoN|" pUjya AcAryazrI ke prati vinamra kRtajJatA jJApita karate huye unhoMne kahA ki "zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha pUjya AcAryazrI kI kRpA aura AzIrvAda kA hI suphala hai, tathA Aja bhI yaha kundakunda bhAratI kI chatrachAyA meM pragatipatha para agrasara hai|" saMskRtabhASA evaM sAhitya meM ullekhanIya yogadAna karane ke lie diye jAne vAle 'AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra' ke rUpa meM pro. vAcaspati upAdhyAya ko bhI aMgavastra, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA svarNa maMDita laoNkeTa, smRti-cihna, sammAna-patra evaM eka lAkha rupaye kI rAzi pradAna kI gyii| isa avasara para dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara premasiMha ne kahA ki mahAvIra aura gautama buddha bhI sAmyavAdI the, ve eka naye samatAmUlaka samAja ke bAre meM socate the isaliye prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 10 185 Page #188 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nAmavara siMha ke sAmyavAdI hone para kisI ko Apatti nahIM honI caahiye| unhoMne kahA ki 'sAmyaM me sarvabhUteSu' kA sandeza jainadarzana ne hameM diyA hai, ata: sAmAjika stara para hamArI vicAradhArA aura darzana kA AdhAra jainadarzana hI hai| isake pahale hamAre yahA~ yaha vicAra hI nahIM thaa| aparigraha kI vicAradhArA hameM jaina-paramparA se hI milI hai, kintu Aja hama purAnI bhAratIya sAmAjika paramparA ko bhUla gaye haiN| isa samAroha kA Ayojana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmakalyANaka-varSa ke suavasara para dinAMka 28 apraila, 2002 ravivAra ko akhila bhAratIya AyurvijJAna saMsthAna ke javAharalAla neharU sabhAgAra' meM garimApUrvaka kiyA gyaa| samAroha meM svAgata-bhASaNa zrImatI sarayU daphtarI ne diyA, tathA samAroha kA saMyojana evaM saMcAlana DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne kiyaa| tathA kRtajJatA-jJApana bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke prabandha-nyAsI sAhU rameza candra jaina ne kiyaa| isa suavasara para javAharalAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya ke pratikulapati pro. kapila kapUra, purAtattvavettA DaoN. munIza candra jozI, pro. bI.Ara. zarmA, zrI satIza candra jaina (S.C.J.), zrI cakreza jaina bijalIvAle, kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa ke mantrI zrI sureza candra jaina evaM kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa ke nyAsIgaNa tathA anya anekoM mahAnubhAva upasthita the| isa samAroha meM dezabhara ke khyAtiprApta vidvAn, samAjasevI evaM dharmAnurAgI bhAI-bahina bhI bar3I bhArI saMkhyA meM upasthita the| ** vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti-grantha kA lokArpaNa "jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsAvAda, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM aparigrahavAda jaise kAlajayI sandeza Aja ke bhautikavAdI vAtAvaraNa meM bhI pUrI taraha prAsaMgika bane huye haiN| unhoMne Atmika vikAsa ke liye jo rAstA batAyA, vaha vyakti ke caritra ko unnata to karatA hI hai, sAtha hI sampUrNa samAja aura rASTra ke liye bhI sarvatomukhI unnati pradAna karatA hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA, vicAroM meM anekAnta, vANI meM syAdvAda aura samAja meM aparigraha kI bhAvanAyeM yadi A jAyeM, to hiMsA Adi pApoM ko koI sthAna isa deza meM nahIM bacegA, tathA Apasa meM prema, maitrI aura sahayoga kI bhAvanA usa carama zikhara para hogI, jahA~ hamAre dharmagrantha sarvottama-lakSya ke rUpa meM vyakti ko pahu~cane kI preraNA dete haiN| lokataMtra kA bAhyarUpa bhale hI bhAratIya na ho, lekina usakI AtmA bhAratIya hai| anekAntavAda ko lokatantra kA bAhyarUpa bhale hI bhAratIya na ho, lekina anekAntavAda na ho to lokatantra nahIM hogaa| Aja ke isa kAryakrama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana, paramparA aura prAkRtabhASA ke sambandha meM jisa vizAlakAya smRti-grantha kA lokArpaNa huA hai, vaha apane Apa meM isa 2600veM janmakalyANaka-varSa kI ativiziSTa upalabdhi hai| sAtha hI prAkRtabhASA evaM saMskRtabhASA ke jina viziSTa vidvAnoM kA yahA~ sammAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti kA sammAna hai| maiM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM pUrI AsthA rakhatA hU~, aura merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda munirAja jaise mahAn santa hI Aja ke vAtAvaraNa meM rASTra ko sahI dizAbodha de sakate haiN|" -ye vicAra 00 186 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti-grantha-lokArpaNa' evaM 'AcArya kundakunda, AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAroM' ke samarpaNa-samAroha ke suavasara para pUrva lokasabhAdhyakSa evaM vartamAna vipakSa ke upanetA mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila ne apane adhyakSIya vaktavya meM prastuta kiye| __ jaina-paramparA ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn vardhamAna mahAvIra ke 2600veM janma-kalyANakavarSa kI puNyabelA meM 260 x 2 = 520 kI zubha- saMkhyA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue zAstrAkAra 520 pRSThoM kA yaha vizAlakAya-grantha mUlata: cAra khaNDoM meM vargIkRta hai| paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja kI pAvana-preraNA evaM maMgala-AzIrvAda se nirmita isa grantha ke prathama khaMDa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana aura vyaktitva-kRtitva kA, dvitIya khaMDa meM unake dArzanika avadAna kA, tRtIya khaMDa meM unakI paramparA kA adyAvadhi saMkSipta-itivRtta tathA caturtha khaMDa meM unake upadezoM evaM Agama-sAhitya kI mAdhyama-bhASA prAkRta' kA saMkSipta paricaya samAhita hai| anta meM pariziSTa-eka meM manISI lekhaka-lekhikAoM kA tathA pariziSTa-do meM smRtigrantha meM prastuta-AlekhoM kI AdhAra-sAmagrI kA saMkSipta-ullekha hai| nirvivAda, gahana-adhyetA, prAmANika manISiyoM kI sArasvata-lekhaniyoM se prasUta uparyukta viSayoMvAle bahuAyAmI AlekhoM kA prabhUta zrama, samIkSA evaM vaijJAnika sampAdanapUrvaka prastutIkaraNa isa smRtigrantha kI maulika-vizeSatA hai| atyanta alpa-avadhi meM nirmita hote hue bhI isameM prastuta sAmagrI viSaya-vastu, varNanazailI evaM tathyAtmakatA kI dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vyaktitva evaM jIvana Adhunika-vicArakoM kI kalpanA evaM ciMtana-paridhi se kahIM jyAdA vizAla evaM vyApaka thA, phira bhI prAcIna AcAryoM evaM manISiyoM ke dvArA prastuta-vivaraNoM ko AdhAra banAkara unake nirvivAda prAmANika-svarUpa kA Adhunika-pariprekSya meM zabdAMkana atyanta Avazyaka thaa| isake sAtha hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dArzanika-avadAna Aja paurANika-Adarzo kI vastu mAne jAne lage haiM, vartamAna-sandarbho meM unakI upAdeyatA kyA hai? unakA Adhunika-zabdAvalI meM vAstavika-svarUpa kaise pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai? ---yaha eka atisAmayika evaM jvalaMta prazna hai; vizeSata: nayI pIr3hI ke lie| ata: isakA rUr3higata-zailI se haTakara paramparita-pramANoM kI sAkSIpUrvaka Adhunika-zabdAvalI meM prastutIkaraNa apekSita thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA meM Aja bahurUpitA dRSTigata hotI hai| unakI vAstavika-paramparA meM kahe jAne yogya kauna haiM? tathA unakI paramparA kA vAstavika-svarUpa kyA hai? --yaha bhI nirvivAda evaM pakSavyAmoharahita tathyaparaka-rIti se prastuta kiyA jAnA apekSita thaa| sAtha hI mahAvIra kI vANI ke rUpa kahe jAnevAle jaina Agama-grantha prAkRtabhASA meM nibaddha haiN| mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA ne prAkRtabhASA ko kyoM apanAyA? prAkRtabhASA ke mUlasvarUpa ko hama kaise nirdhArita kareM? tathA prAkRtabhASA aura unake sAhitya kA jJAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ko kyoM apekSita hai? -- ina sabakA paricaya Avazyaka thaa| . ina saba binduoM kA saMkSipta, kintu sazakta-nidarzana hai yaha 'vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti-grnth'| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 187 Page #190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AcAryazrI ke janma-divasa para zrI pArasa dAsa jaina ko 'sAhU zrI azoka jaina smati-puraskAra samarpita rASTrasanta AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke 78veM janmotsava para unhIM ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM 22 apraila 2002 ko 'pareDa grAUNDa' maidAna ke vaizAlI maNDapa' meM Ayojita eka aitihAsika evaM bhavya samAroha meM deza ke variSTha patrakAra evaM pramukha samAjasevI zrI pArasadAsa jaina ko unakI ananya sAmAjika evaM sAhityika sevAoM ke lie samAja ke zIrSa netA sAhU zrI azoka kumAra jaina kI puNya-smRti meM digambara jaina samAja, bar3auta (u.pra.) dvArA sthApita varSa 2000 kA 'sAhU zrI azoka jaina smRti puraskAra' pradAna kiyA gyaa| puraskAra samiti ke adhyakSa zrI sukhamAla caMda jaina ne unheM mAlyArpaNa, sAhU zrI ramezacandra jaina ne zAla, samAroha ke adhyakSa dillI hAIkorTa ke nyAyamUrti zrI vijendra jaina ne prazasti-patra, zrIphala evaM eka lAkha rupaye kI rAzi pradAna kii| unheM svarNa-padaka pahanAkara 'zrAvaka ziromaNi' kI upAdhi se bhI alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| samAroha kA vidvattApUrNa saMcAlana karate hue DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne prazasti-patra kA vAcana kiyaa| ___ AcAryazrI ne apane AzIrvacana meM kahA ki "pArasadAsa jI ne sAhU zAMti prasAda jI, ramA jI, zreyAMsa prasAda jI ke sAtha kArya karate hue jainadharma kI prabhAvanA meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna diyaa| azoka jI inheM mitra mAnate the| inhoMne sAhitya, samAja aura dharma kI mahAn sevA kI hai| samAja inakI sevA bhulA nahIM sktaa| inake putra anila jaina bhI nepAla meM jainadharma kI bhArI prabhAvanA kara rahe haiN|" samAroha ke mukhya atithi kendrIya sAmAjika nyAya evaM adhikAritA maMtrI DaoN. satyanArAyaNa jaTiyA ne kahA ki "samAja meM sadkArya karanevAloM kA sammAna honA caahie| pArasadAsa jI kI samAjasevA sabhI ke lie eka anukaraNIya Adarza hai|" zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati pro. vAcaspati upAdhyAya ne kahA ki "hama azoka jI kI taraha zoka rahita, mitabhASI, saMkalpa ke dhanI pArasamaNi bneN| AcAryazrI aise prakarSa dIpa haiM jo apane sAnnidhya meM AnevAle pratyeka prANI ko jJAnavAna banA dete haiN| inakI chAyA amRtarUpa hai|" bhAratIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI evaM pariSada ke rASTrIya adhyakSa sAhU ramezacandra jI ne pArasadAsa jI ko niSThAvAna, va saccaritra samAjasevI batAte hue unakI ni:svArtha samAjasevA kI sarAhanA kii| DaoN. hukamacaMda jaina bhArilla ne unakI samAja kI ekatA ke lie kiye gaye prayAsoM kI sarAhanA kii| samAroha meM sarvazrI zIlacaMda jaina jauharI, kundakunda bhAratI ke TrasTI satIza jaina, sarayU daphtarI mumbaI, cakreza jaina, DaoN. triloka caMda koThArI, DaoN. hukamacaMda jaina bhArilla, zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka jI kI ora se ema.ke. jaina, dharmasthala ke dharmAdhikArI zrI vIrendra hegaDe jI kI ora se dharmarAjA, suzIla Azrama ke jI.ke. jaina, terApaMtha samAja ke hastImala munota, svadezabhUSaNa jaina, tArAcaMda premI, sunIla gaMgavAla - kalakattA, navabhArata TAimsa ke 00 188 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #191 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prakAzaka punIta jaina, prakAza hitaiSI, devasena jaina, azoka zAha - mumbaI, vinoda seThI, akhila baMsala - jayapura, jIvendra jaina - gAjiyAbAda, zrI bhagata rAma jaina, satIza jaina, pratApa jaina, azoka jaina - taruNamitra pariSada, padmAvatI puravAla samAja kI aneka saMsthAoM sahita lagabhaga 60 vyaktiyoM ne pArasadAsa jI ko mAlyArpaNa evaM zAla or3hAkara sammAnita kiyaa| zrI pArasadAsa jI ne AbhAra vyakta karate hue kahA ki "AcAryazrI kI dRSTi bahuta vyApaka hai| unhIM ke AzIrvAda se ve sevA ke kAryoM meM Age bar3ha sake haiN|" sAhU azoka jI ko samAja kA gAMdhI batAte hue unhoMne kahA ki ve samanvayavAdI the| hamezA saMgaThana kI bAta karate the| pArasadAsa jI ne zrama aura mAnavatA ke prati apanI aTUTa AsthA ko nirantara banAe rakhane kA saMkalpa vyakta karate huye puraskAra rAzi rupae eka lAkha samAja sevI kAryoM meM hI kharca karane kI ghoSaNA kii| samAroha prasiddha gAyikA umA garga ke maMgalAcaraNa se zurU huA, jisameM zrI tArAcaMda premI evaM prabhAkiraNa jaina ne AcAryazrI ko kAvyamayI vinayAMjali arpita kii| samAroha meM zrI narendra jaina dvArA prakAzita DAyarI kA vimocana jasTisa vijendra jaina ne kiyaa| muni lokeza kumAra jI ne AcAryazrI ke lie DaoN. mahAprajJa jI kA vinayAMjali saMdeza pddh'aa| samAroha meM rASTrIya mahilA Ayoga kI navanirvAcita sadasyA DaoN. sudhA malaiyA Adi bhI upasthita the| samAroha kA saMyojana jaina mitra maMDala ne kiyaa| -rameza jaina ** pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina jI ko prAkRtabhASA-viSayaka rASTrapati-sammAna bhAgamA R ule... A bhAratAsa rASTrapatiH ke0 Ara0 nArAyaNan prA0 rAjA rAma jana pAkti/prAkRtavAGmaye pANityAya sAve va dhuNyAya Hinubarundhan mahAmahima rASTrapati jI se prazasti-grahaNa karate hue pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina ko prApta prazasti kA citra pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina pro. rAjArAma jaina kA janma 1 pharavarI 1929 ko mAlathauna, sAgara, (ma.pra.) meM huaa| prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka .40 189 Page #192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Apane 1954 meM banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya se hindI (prAkRta-pAli ke sAtha) meM ema.e. tathA zAstrAcArya aura bihAra vizvavidyAlaya se san 1958 meM ema.e. prAkRta evaM jainolaoNjI tathA 1965 meM pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhiyA~ prApta kii| DaoN. jaina ArA meM prAkRta ke prAdhyApaka niyukta hue tathA bAda meM magadha vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta tathA prAkRta vibhAga' ke prophesara evaM adhyakSa niyukta hue| DaoN. jaina ne aitihAsika, sAMskRtika evaM bhASAvaijJAnika mahattva kI prAkRta-apabhraMza kI 32 aprakAzita durlabha-pANDulipiyoM kI khoja kI, jinameM se vaijJAnikapaddhati se sampAdana ke sAtha 10 granthoM kA prakAzana ho cukA hai| Apane 'prAkRta pariSad' kI sthApanA kI tathA magadha vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta ke sAtha prAkRta vibhAga kI sthApanA bhI kii| samprati DaoN. jaina 'prAkRtavidyA' ke pradhAna-sampAdaka tathA zrI kundakunda bhAratI zodha saMsthAna, dillI ke mAnada-nidezaka haiN| Apa jayapura se prakAzyamAna 'ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha jainijma' ke zaurasenI-prAkRta-sAhitya khaNDa ke upasampAdaka' bhI haiN| --sampAdaka ** pro. (DaoN.) vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI ko saMskRtabhASA-viSayaka rASTrapati-sammAna mahAmahima rASTrapati jI se prazasti-grahaNa karate hue pro. (DaoN.) vAcaspati upAdhyAya sultAnapura (u.pra.) meM janme pro. vAcaspati upAdhyAya mImAMsAdarzana ke viziSTa vidvAn haiN| Apa mahAmahopAdhyAya padrAbhirAma zAstrI jI kI yazasvI ziSya-paramparA ke jyotirmaya-ratna haiN| sampUrNa vizva meM mImAMsAdarzana ke atirikta samasta bhAratIya darzanoM, saMskRtabhASA evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM ApakI ativiziSTa-khyAti hai| Apane kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya meM ucca-zikSA grahaNa kI, tathA prathamata: vahIM para adhyApana-kArya prArambha 00 190 . prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #193 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kiyaa| phira Apa sampaNAnanda vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI meM 'kulasaciva' ke rUpa meM kAryarata huye| taduparAnta dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke 'saMskRta vibhAga' meM 'prophesara' ke pada para niyukta huye| isa pada ke sudIrgha-anubhava ke bAda Apa zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI ke 'kulapati' pada para suzobhita huye| Apake nirdezana meM zatAdhika chAtra-chAtrAyeM zodha-upAdhi prApta kara cuke haiN| anekoM granthoM ke yazasvI-lekhaka, vANIbhUSaNa, suyogya-prazAsaka evaM anekoM pratiSThita-puraskAroM se vibhUSita DaoN. upAdhyAya ko saMskRtabhASA evaM sAhitya-viSayaka rASTrapati-prazasti milane ke suavasara para 'prAkRtavidyA-parivAra' kI ora se hArdika badhAI va abhinNdn| -sampAdaka ** pro. (DaoN.) zrIdhara vaziSTha jI ko saMskRtabhASA-viSayaka rASTrapati-sammAna zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI ke 'kulapati' pada para suzobhita rahe pro. (DaoN.) zrIdhara vaziSTha isa vidyApITha kI sthApanAkAla se nirantara isake sAtha jur3e rhe| svanAmadhanya DaoN. maNDana mizra jI ke ananya-sahayogiyoM meM pramukha sthAna prApta pro. vaziSTha jI isa vidyApITha ke 'zikSA-zAstra mahAmahima rASTrapati jI se prazasti-grahaNa karate hue pro. (DaoN.) zrIdhara vaziSTha vibhAga' meM 'AcArya' evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa rahe, tathA isI vidyApITha ke 'kulasaciva' pada ko bhI Apane suzobhita kiyaa| ... Apa saMskRtabhASA evaM sAhitya ke utkRSTa vidvAn evaM sakriya, samarpita kAryakartA rahe haiN| pro. (DaoN.) zrIdhara vaziSTha ko saMskRtabhASA evaM sAhitya-viSayaka rASTrapati-prazasti milane ke suavasara para 'prAkRtavidyA-parivAra' kI ora se hArdika abhinaMdana / --sampAdaka** prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 191 Page #194 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mUDabidrI ke bhaTTAraka jI 'bhAratabhUSaNa' gaurava se sammAnita 'vizva jyotiSa vidyApITha' kolakAtA kI ora se jainakAzI mUDabidrI ke bhaTTAraka svastizrI cArukIrti svAmI jI ko 'bhAratabhUSaNa' kI prazasti se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTAraka jI ke jyotiSa-jJAna, nAr3I-saMhitA evaM siddhAnta-vAstu Adi viSayoM para mahattvapUrNavicAroM ko dRSTigata rakhate huye kolakAtA ke isa saMsthAna ne apane rajata-jayantI varSa ke suavasara para unheM sammAnita kiyA hai| sammAna-samAroha meM deza-videza se padhAre anekoM vidvAn tathA kendra evaM rAjya-stara ke kaI mantrIgaNa bhI upasthita the| -DaoN. esa.pI. vidyAkumAra, mUDabidrI ** mahArASTra meM 'jaina itihAsa pariSad kA dvitIya adhivezana sampanna / _ 'mahArASTra jaina itihAsa pariSad' kA dvitIya adhivezana pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina, ArA (bihAra) tathA mAnada nidezaka kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI kI adhyakSatA meM 'bhAtakulI atizayakSetra (amarAvatI, mahArASTra) meM dinAMka 12-13 janavarI ko sampanna ho gyaa| isameM on itihAsa pariSada dusare dinAMka 12 va 13 jAne.2 nelhA amara jI apanA vaktavya prastuta karate huye pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina jaina-itihAsa-sambandhI zodhapatra-vAcana, viziSTa-bhASaNa tathA sAMskRtika-kAryakramoM ke Ayojana kiye gye| apane viziSTa adhyakSIya-bhASaNa meM pro. rAjArAma jaina ne khAravela-zilAlekha ke sandarbha meM mahArASTra kI prAcInatA-sambandhI aneka aitihAsika-sUtroM kA vizleSaNa karate hue batalAyA ki mahAvIra-yuga meM sArA dakSiNApatha jaina-saMskRti kA gar3ha thaa| isIliye magadha ke dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa-duSkAla ke samaya AcArya bhadrabAhu apane navadIkSita-ziSya magadha-samrATa candragupta ko lekara apane 12000 sAdhu-saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNApatha ke 'kaTavapra' (vartamAna zramaNabelagola) padhAre the tathA vahIM se apane paTTaziSya AcArya vizAkha ke netRtva meM samasta 00 192 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #195 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ munisaMgha ko dakSiNApatha ke sImAnta-pradezoM meM jainadharma ke pracArArtha bhejA thaa| ___apane zodhapUrNa-bhASaNa meM DaoN. jaina ne jaina-saMskRti ke vikAsa meM mahArASTra ke apUrva yogadAna kI carcA karate hue vahA~ ke AdikAlIna, madhyakAlIna evaM Adhunika sAhitya kI zAnadAra-paramparAoM para prakAza DAlate hue vahA~ kI aitihAsika tIrthabhUmiyoM kI carcA kI tathA mahArASTra ke bahumukhI-vikAsa ke krama meM vahA~ ke svanAmadhanya bAlacandra hIrAcandra dozI, AcArya samantabhadra jI mahArAja, karmavIra bhAUrAva pATila, dAnavIra mANikacandra je.pI., rAvajI sakhArAma dozI, brahma. jIvarAja gautamacandra dozI, mahilAratna maganabAI, padmazrI paiM. sumatibAI jI, paM. nAthUrAma premI, pro. DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye, sau. sarayU tAI daphtarI, sau. sarayU vinoda dozI Adi ke pragatizIla racanAtmaka-yogadAnoM kI carcA kii| isa adhivezana kA udghATana amarAvatI vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati DaoN. sudhIra pATila ne kiyaa| pariSad ke mahAsaciva zreNika annadAte ne pariSad ke kArya-kalApoM para vistRta prakAza DAlA tathA maMca-saMcAlana sau. padmA candrakAnta mahAjana evaM sau. mInA garIbe ne kiyaa| pariSad ke adhyakSa zrI satIza saMgaI ne dhanyavAda jJApana kiyaa| -sau. padmA candrakAnta mahAjana, amarAvatI ** mumukSu samanvaya samiti kA gaThana mumukSu-samAja ke pramukha logoM kI eka mITiMga devalAlI (mahArASTra) meM dinAMka 31 disambara, 2001 ko Ayojita kI gaI, jisameM mumukSu-samAja kI ekatA tathA samasta digambara jainasamAja ke sAtha samanvaya sthApita karane ke uddezya se eka samiti kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| isa samiti kA mUla uddezya mumukSu-samAja meM ekatA kAyama rakhanA to hai hI, sAtha hI samasta digambara-samAja se samanvaya sthApita karanA bhI hai ki jisase jinavANI ke pracAra-prasAra meM Aja jo bAdhAyeM A rahI haiM; ve samApta hoNgii| yaha samiti mumukSu-samAja kA pratinidhitva karegI aura mumukSu-samAja ke hita meM jo kucha bhI ucita hogA, saMbhava hogA, vaha kregii| 21 sadasyIya isa samiti ke 18 sadasya nimnAnusAra haiM aura 3 sadasyoM ko sahavaraNa karane kA adhikAra ukta 18 vyaktiyoM ko hai| 1. DaoN. hukamacaMdajI bhArilla, jayapura 10. zrI devendrakumAra baDakula, bhopAla 2. zrI basaMtalAla ema. dozI, muMbaI 11. zrI bra.paM. yazapAla jI jaina, karnATaka 3. zrI harakhacaMda jI bilAlA, AkolA 12. zrI vimalacaMdajI jhAMjharI, ujjaina 4. zrI pavanakumAra jI jaina, alIgar3ha 13. zrI paM. uttamacaMdajI jaina, sivanI 5. zrI amRtalAla sI. mahetA, phatehapura 14. zrI anaMtabhAI e. zeTha, muMbaI 6. zrI mukuMdabhAI khArA, devalAlI 15. zrI pUnamaMdajI seThI, dillI 7. zrI kAMtIbhAI moTANI, muMbaI 16. zrI paramAtma prakAzajI bhArilla, borIvalI 8. zrI AdIzakumAra jaina, dillI 17. zrI bhImajIbhAI zeTha, thANA, landana 9. zrI jatIzabhAI jaina, sanAvada ___18. zrI abhinandanaprasAdajI jaina, sahAranapura 00 193 - prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jana '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #196 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ukta samiti kI kAryakAriNI 5 sadasyoM kI rahegI, jinameM abhI DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, zrI vasaMtabhAI dozI aura harakhacanda bilAlA kA cayana huA hai| zeSa do sadasyoM kA cayana ukta tIna vyakti kreNge| patra vyavahAra kA patA- zrI digambara jaina mumukSu samanvaya samiti 173/175, mumbAdevI roDa, muMbaI-400002 -bharata zAha, mumbaI ** DaoNkTareTa kI zodha-upAdhi prApta . (1) zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI110016 ke 'jainadarzana vibhAga' kI chAtrA zrImatI AbhA rAnI jaina ne 'muni rAmasiMha viracita dohApAhuDa grantha kA anuzIlana' viSaya para vidyAvAridhi (pI-eca.DI.) kI zodhaupAdhi prApta kI hai| unhoMne apanA zodhakArya DaoN. sudIpa jaina ke mAgadarzana meM bharapUra zrama evaM niSThA ke sAtha garimApUrvaka sampanna kiyA, tathA unheM dinAMka 17 pharavarI, 2002 ko sampanna dIkSAMta samAroha meM vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga ke adhyakSa DaoN. hari gautama jI ke karakamaloM se upAdhi prApta huii| zrImatI AbhA rAnI jaina dillI ke suprasiddha samAjasevI zrI subhASa canda jaina (mahAvIra inTaranezanala) kI putravadhU haiN| Apane isake pahale jainadarzana-AcArya' evaM zikSAzAstrI' kI parIkSAoM meM bhI isI vidyApITha se svarNa padaka prApta kiyA thaa| aisI yazasvinI mahilA ke liye DaoNkTareTa kI isa upAdhi kI prApti ke upalakSya meM anekoM mitroM, samAjaseviyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne hArdika badhAI dI hai| tathA unake ujjvala-bhaviSya kI maMgala-kAmanA kI hai| (2) zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI110016 ke jainadarzana vibhAga ke chAtra zrI azoka kumAra jaina ne 'AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya kA sAMskRtika adhyayana' viSaya para vidyAvAridhi (pI-eca.DI.) kI zodha-upAdhi prApta kI hai| unhoMne apanA zodhakArya DaoN. sudIpa jaina ke mAgadarzana meM niSThA ke sAtha garimApUrvaka sampanna kiyA, tathA unheM dinAMka 17 pharavarI, 2002 ko sampanna dIkSAMta samAroha meM vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga ke adhyakSa DaoN. hari gautama jI ke karakamaloM se upAdhi prApta huii| ___ zrI azoka kumAra jaina dillI jainasamAja ke jAne-mAne vidvAn evaM samAjasevI haiN| Apa akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina vidvapariSada ke rASTrIya koSAdhyakSa' bhI haiN| Apane isake pahale jainadarzana-AcArya parIkSA meM bhI svarNa-padaka prApta kiyA thaa| aise yazasvI vidvAn ke liye DaoNkTareTa kI isa upAdhi kI prApti ke upalakSya meM anekoM mitroM, samAjaseviyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne hArdika badhAI dI hai| tathA unake ujjvala bhaviSya kI maMgala-kAmanA kI hai| 40 194 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #197 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAkRtabhASA vibhAga kA suyaza zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI110016 ke prAkRtabhASA vibhAga ke chAtra zrI vijayasena bAlagoMDA pATIla ne 'AcArya parIkSA' meM svarNapadaka prApta kiyA hai| Apa jainadarzana evaM prAkRtabhASA ke acche adhyetA rahe haiN| Apako dinAMka 17 pharavarI, 2002 ko sampanna dIkSAMta samAroha meM DaoN. ramAraMjana mukharjI ke karakamaloM se upAdhi evaM svarNa padaka samarpita kiyA gyaa| isI vidyApITha ke prAkRtabhASA vibhAga kI hI chAtrA kumArI prIti agravAla ne 'AcArya parIkSA' meM sampUrNa vidyApITha meM mahilA-varga meM sarvocca aMka lekara svarNapadaka prApta kiyA hai| Apa prAkRtabhASA kI acchI adhyetrI rahI haiM, Apako dinAMka 17 pharavarI, 2002 ko sampanna dIkSAMta samAroha meM DaoN. ramAraMjana mukharjI ke karakamaloM se upAdhi evaM svarNa-padaka samarpita kiyA gyaa| patrAcAra prAkRta sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama digambara jaina atizayakSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita 'apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' dvArA patrAcAra prAkRta sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama' prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai| satra 1 julAI 2002 se prArambha hogaa| isameM prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI evaM anya bhASAoM/viSayoM ke prAdhyApaka apabhraMza, prAkRta zodhArthI evaM saMsthAnoM meM kAryarata vidvAn isameM sammilita ho skeNge| -DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI, jayapura ** vaizAlI-mahotsava-sampanna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmotsava ke avasara para 25 apraila 2002 ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI pAvanatIrtha vaizAlI meM eka bhavya samAroha 'vaizAlI mahotsava' ke rUpa meM huaa| isa avasara para prAkRta, jainazAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna meM dinAMka 25 evaM 26 apraila ko madhyAhna meM dvidivasIya saMgoSThI Ayojita kI gaI, jisakA viSaya thA'AtaMkavAda ke zamana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI praasNgiktaa'| isa saMgoSThI kI adhyakSatA bhImarAva ambeDakara bihAra vizvavidyAlaya ke upakulapati DaoN. nIhAra nandana siMha ne kii| mujaphpharapura ke kamizanara zrI jayarAma lAla mInA isa saMgoSThI ke mukhya atithi the| ____ 25 apraila ko saMdhyA velA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke citra ke sammukha bihAra sarakAra ke paryaTana tathA kalA saMskRti evaM yuvA vibhAga ke maMtrI zrI azoka kumAra siMha ne dIpa prajjavalana karake kAryakrama kA vidhivat udghATana kiyaa| adhyakSatA karate hue rAjada adhyakSa evaM pUrva mukhyamaMtrI zrI lAlU prasAda ne bhagavAn mahAvIra smAraka samiti dvArA prakAzita patrikA 'bhagavAn mahAvIra-smRti-vaizAlI' kA lokArpaNa kiyaa| isa viziSTa-aMka meM aneka vidvajjanoM ke bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna-vaizAlI ke sambandha meM aitihAsika purAtAttvika evaM zAstrokta-tathyoM para Alekha evaM mata prakAzita kiye gaye haiN| viziSTa atithi pada se zrImatI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 195 Page #198 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vINA zAhI, mantrI sahakAritA vibhAga, zrI vasAvana prasAda bhagata, mantrI gRha (kArA) vibhAga evaM DaoN. raghuvaMza prasAda siMha sAMsada ne apane udgAra vyakta kiye evaM sabhI pramukha vaktAoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI bAsokuNDa kSetra ke vikAsa meM ho rahe vilamba ke lie duHkha prakaTa karate hue jaina samAja se anurodha kiyA ki ve zIghrAtizIghra janmabhUmi kA vikAsa kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati apanI saccI zraddhA arpita kreN| -zrI kailAza canda jaina, paTanA ** dharma kI vyAkhyA para bhI vicAra karegI saMvidhAna pITha deza ke pramukha vivAdAspada-muddoM meM zAmila alpasaMkhyakoM ke zaikSika saMsthAna calAne ke adhikAra-saMbaMdhI mAmale kI sunavAI Aja se sarvocca-nyAyAlaya kI 11 sadasyIya saMvidhAnapITha ne zurU kara dI hai| mAmale meM anuccheda 30(1) ke tahata dharma kI vyAkhyA, alpasaMkhyaka zaikSika saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA ke adhikAra aura kauna-se saMsthAna isa zreNI meM Ate haiM? -- ina pahaluoM kI punarvyAkhyA hogii| lagabhaga do sau yAcikAoM para yaha sunavAI kala bhI jArI rhegii| - khaMDapITha meM jasTisa bI.ena. kRpAla, jasTisa vI.ena. khare, jasTisa esa. rAjeMdra bAbU, jasTisa saiyyada zAha mohammada kAdarI, jasTisa rumA pAla, jasTisa esa.ena. varIAvA, jasTisa ke.jI. bAlAkRSNana, jasTisa pI. veMkaTarAmA reDDI, jasTisa azoka bhAna aura jasTisa arijIta pasAyata zAmila haiN| saMvidhAna-pITha ke samakSa Aja jaina-samAja kI ora se variSTha-adhivaktA epha.epha. nArImana aura suzIla kumAra jaina ne apanA pakSa rakhanA zurU kiyaa| jaina-samAja alpasaMkhyaka-samudAya kI zreNI meM rakhane kI mAMga kara rahA hai| isa saMvidhAnapITha kA gaThana 1993 se laMbita mAmale kI sunavAI ke lie kiyA gayA hai ki anuccheda 30(1) meM ullikhita dharma kI abhivyakti kI kyA vyAkhyA hai? saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 29 meM prAvadhAna hai ki kevala alpasaMkhyaka samudAya ke logoM ko hI nahIM, varan deza ke sabhI nAgarikoM ko yaha adhikAra hai ki apanI bhASA, lipi aura saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa kara skeN| paraMtu anuccheda 30 meM alpasaMkhyaka-samudAya ke logoM ke lie zaikSika- saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA kA vizeSAdhikAra prApta. hai| yAcikAoM meM mAMga kI gaI hai ki aise zaikSika saMsthAnoM ko alaga se mAnyatA aura apanI pasaMda ke 50 pratizata chAtroM ke praveza kI anumati bhI mile| yAciyoM meM dillI ke seMTa sTIphaMsa kAleja' aura muMbaI ke seMTa jeviyara kAleja' bhI zAmila haiN| ___saMvidhAna-pITha ke sAmane jo prazna sunavAI ke lie Ane haiM, unameM pramukha haiM- 1(e) dhArmika aura bhASAI taura para alpasaMkhyaka saMgaThana kyA saMbaddha-rAjya meM zaikSika-saMsthAna khola sakate haiN| tathA saMbaMddha-rAjya meM aise zaikSika saMsthAna kA dAvA saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 30(1) ke tahata AtA hai| 1(bI) kyA yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki saMbaddha-rAjya meM raha rahe alpasaMkhyaka aise 90 196 'prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #199 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMsthAna ke sadasya hokara alpasaMkhyaka mAne jAyeMge? 2. kyA aise saMsthAnoM ko isaliye alpasaMkhyakoM kA zaikSika saMsthAna mAnA jAye, cUMki isakI sthApanA aise vyakti ne kI hai jo dhArmika aura bhASAI taura para alpasaMkhyaka samudAya se saMbaMdhita hai yA isakA saMcAlana aise vyakti dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai, joki alpasaMkhyaka samudAya se tAlluka rakhatA hai| 3. kyA alpasaMkhyakoM ko apanI icchA ke anusAra zaikSika saMsthAna kI sthApanA aura saMcAlana kA adhikAra hai, jisameM vidyArthiyoM kI dAkhilA-prakriyA bhI nihita hai| 4. kyA anudAna athavA gaira anudAna-prApta aise saMsthAnoM meM chAtroM ke praveza-saMbaMdhI prakriyA para rAjya sarakAra athavA usa vizvavidyAlaya kA niyaMtraNa hogA, jisake vaha saMbaddhita haiN| 5. seMTa sTIphaMsa kAleja ke mAmale meM 1992 meM adAlata ne jo anupAta rakhA hai, kyA vaha ucita hai? 6. anuccheda 30(1) meM ullikhita dharma kI abhivyakti kA kyA artha hai? kyA aise dharma anuyAyI bhI anuccheda 30(1) ke tahata saMrakSaNa hAsila kara sakate haiM, jo eka rAjya meM alpasaMkhyaka haiM, lekina anya rAjyoM meM vaha bahusaMkhyaka-zreNI meM hoM? yaha mAmalA aktUbara 1993 meM zuru huA thA, taba pA~ca sadasyIya saMvidhAnapITha ne ise sAta sadasyIya saMvidhAnapITha ke supurda kara diyA thaa| taba pahalA savAla yaha thA ki bhAratIya-saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 30 ke anusAra alpasaMkhyaka kA artha aura sArAMza kyA hai? dUsarA savAla alpasaMkhyaka zaikSika saMsthAnoM kI abhivyakti se saMbaMddhita hai aura tIsarA yaha ki kyA alpasaMkhyaka zaikSika saMsthAnoM meM saMbaddhita-rAjya athavA vizvavidyAlaya ko hastakSepa kA adhikAra hai aura kyA vaha saMbaMdhita dhArmika samudAya ke chAtroM ko kula kSamatA kA 50 pratizata praveza de sakatI hai? 18 mArca 1994 ko eka sAta sadasyIya khaMDapITha ne ina praznoM kI saMkhyA tIna se bar3hAkara sAta kara dii| usake bAda 7 janavarI 1997 ko phira sAta sadasyIya khaMDapITha ne praznoM ko punargaThita kiyaa| - (dainika jAgaraNa, budhavAra 3 apraila, 2002, dillI) ** sikha, bauddha va jaina ko hindU se alaga dharma mAnane kA sujhAva sikha, bauddha evaM jaina-matAvalaMbiyoM kI alaga-pahacAna ko mAnyatA dene kI maMzA se saMvidhAna-samIkSA Ayoga ne siphAriza kI hai ki sikha, bauddha aura jaina paMtha ko hiMdU-mata se 'alaga-dharma' kA mAnA jAnA cAhie aura kahA ki ina paMthoM ke matAvalaMbiyoM ko hiMduoM se jor3anevAle saMvaidhAnika prAvadhAna ko khatma kara denA caahie| gauratalaba hai ki saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 25 kI maujUdA spaSTIkaraNa-2 (anta:karaNa kI AjAdI va svataMtra-vyavasAya, AcaraNa va dharma-pracAra) ke tahata kahA gayA hai ki hiMduoM ke saMdarbha se sikha, bauddha va jainadharma mAnanevAle logoM ko bhI zAmila karake artha lagAyA jAegA aura hiMduoM kI dhArmika-saMsthAoM kA Azaya bhI usI taraha hogaa| ravivAra ko sarakAra ko sauMpI gaI nyAyamUrti ema.ena. veMkaTacalaiyA Ayoga kI siphAriza ke anusAra saMvidhAna ke anuccheda-25 ke spaSTIkaraNa-2 ko saMvidhAna se haTAne ke lie kahA gayA hai| Ayoga ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki anuccheda-25 meM eka upaniyama jor3a diyA jAe, prAkRtavidyA+janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 197 Page #200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jisase jo bAta isa anuccheda ke eka niyama meM nahIM kahI gaI hai aura isase kisI maujUdA-kAnUna kA kriyAnvayana prabhAvita na hotA ho, yA sAmAjika-kalyANa va sudhAra ke lie koI kAnUna banAne se rAjya ko rokatA na ho, yA jo sArvajanika prakRti kI hiMdU dhArmika-saMsthAoM ko hiMdU-samudAya ke sabhI vargoM ke lie kholatA ho| ___Ayoga ne isI krama meM Age yaha bhI sujhAva diyA hai ki anuccheda-25 ke niyama (2) ke upaniyama (bI) ko isaprakAra par3hA jAe ki sAmAjika kalyANa va sudhAra ke lie yA hiMdU, sikha, jaina va bauddhoM kI sArvajanika mahattvavAlI sabhI dhArmika-saMsthAoM kA daravAjA ina dharmoM ke sabhI vargoM va samudAyoM ke lie khola diyA jaaye| --('dainika jAgaraNa', naI dillI, bRhaspativAra, 4 apraila 2002) ** zrI caugule ko pI-eca.DI. kI zodha-upAdhi karADa (jilA-satArA, mahA.) ke yuga-vidvAn zrI purandara caugule jI ko kolhApura vizvavidyAlaya se 'sallekhanA: eka dArzanika adhyayana' viSaya para pI-eca.DI. kI zodha-upAdhi ke lie sarvAnumati se svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| Apane ukta viSaya para apanA zodha prabandha 'annAsAheba DAMge mahAvidyAlaya' ke prAcArya DaoN. e.bI. dige ke mArganirdezana meM garimApUrvaka sampanna kiyA hai| Apa apane isa zodhakArya ke nimitta kundakunda bhAratI zodha saMsthAna, naI dillI meM bhI Akara rahe aura yahA~ ke vidvAnoM se mahattvapUrNa mArgadarzana prApta kiyaa| pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke pAvana-AzIrvAda se Apa itane jaTila viSaya para saphalatApUrvaka kArya sampanna kara sake haiN| ____ isa garimApUrNa upalabdhi ke lie prAkRtavidyA-parivAra DaoN. purandara bAhu caugule ko hArdika badhAI evaM unake ujjvala bhaviSya ke lie zubhakAmanAyeM preSita karatA hai| -sampAdaka ** zruta-saMvarddhana puraskAra samarpaNa-samAroha 26 maI ko kekar3I meM zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, meraTha dvArA 26 navambara 01 ko nimnavata 5 zruta saMvarddhana-2001 puraskAra evaM eka sarAka puraskAra-2001 kI ghoSaNA kI gaI thii| 1. AcArya zrI zAMtisAgara chANI smRti saMvarddhana puraskAra-2001 : paM. mallinAtha jaina zAstrI cennii| 2. AcArya zrI sUryasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2001 : DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina, bdd'aut| 3. AcArya zrI vimalasAgara (bhiNDa) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2001 : zrI jayasena * jaina, indaur| 4. AcArya zrI sumatisAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2001 : DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 00 198 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #201 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'bhAskara', naagpur| 5. AcArya muni zrI varddhamAnasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2001 : DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina, gaajiyaabaad| 6. sarAka puraskAra-2001 : zrI kamalakumAra jaina, sADhama (bokAro) prathama 5 puraskAroM ke antargata pratyeka ko 31,000 kI nagada rAzi evaM chaThe puraskAra ke antargata 25,000 kI nagada rAzi ke atirikta zaoNla, zrIphala, prazasti evaM pratIka cinha samarpita kiye jAte haiN| __ina puraskAroM kA samarpaNa-samAroha pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sasaMgha maMgala sAnnidhya meM rAjasthAna kI prasiddha nagarI kekar3I meM 26 maI 2002 ko madhyAnha 1.00 baje kendrIya vastra rAjya maMtrI zrI vI. dhanaMjaya kumAra ke mukhya Atithya meM sampanna hogaa| DaoN. anupama jaina ** mahattvapUrNa sUcanA sabhI ko sUcita karate huye harSa hai ki rela maMtrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra ke sahayoga se 16 apraila 2002 se tIrtharAja zrI sammedazikhara jI ke sTezana 'pArasanAtha' para 'pUrvA eksapresa' (apa tathA DAuna) meM rukanA prArambha ho gayI hai tathA isake rijarvezana bhI svIkAra kiye jA rahe haiN| tIrthayAtriyoM se anurodha hai ki isa suvidhA se adhika se adhika lAbha utthaayeN| gAr3I naM. sTezana dina samaya sTezana samaya 2382 naI dillI soma, maMgala, zukra 16:15 pArasanAtha 10:38 2381 pArasanAtha budha, guru, ravi 13:48 naI dillI 08:10 . vizeSa-- pUrvA eksapresa, alIgar3ha, TUNDalA, iTAvA, kAnupara, ilAhAbAda, mugalasarAya, gayA sTezanoM para ThaharatI hai| ___-vijaya jaina ** apabhraMza ke sadya:prakAzita do grantha puraskRta prAkRta evaM Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke madhya kI eka pramukha jIvanta kar3I hone ke kAraNa bhAratIya bhASA-vijJAna ke zAstrIya adhyayana kI dRSTi se apabhraMza-bhASA kA vizeSa mahattva hai| isameM tIsarI-cauthI sadI se hI pracura mAtrA meM sAhitya kA praNayana hotA rhaa| yadyapi usakI aneka pANDulipiyA~ lupta-vilupta ho gaIM, phira bhI jo pANDulipiyA~ vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, unameM se kucha to deza-videza ke prAcya zAstra bhANDAroM meM surakSita haiM aura kucha abhI bhI pracchannAvasthA meM madhyakAlIna itihAsa evaM zramaNa saMskRti kI vizrRMkhalita kar3iyoM ko apane antartama meM saMjoe hue apane-apane bhAgya-bharose uddhAra ke liye vyAkula haiN| pANDulipiyoM kI khoja evaM unakA sampAdanAdi kArya bahuta jaTila evaM durUha hone ke kAraNa naI pIr3hI ke zodhecchu vidvAn isa kSetra meM Ane kA sAhasa nahIM juTA paate| yahI kAraNa hai ki apabhraMza-sAhitya kI saikar3oM pANDulipiyA~ upalabdha hote hue bhI abhI taka aMguliyoM para ginI jAne yogya pANDulipiyoM kA hI sampAdana-prakAzana ho sakA hai| prakAzanoM kI isI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 199 Page #202 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ puraskAra grahaNa karatI huI pro. (DaoN.) vidyAvatI jaina puraskAra grahaNa karate huye pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina zrRMkhalA meM abhI hAla meM apabhraMza ke adyAvadhi aprakAzita do grantha prakAzita hue haiM--. pajjuNNacariu evaM puNNAsavakahako / pajjuNNacariu terahavIM sadI kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha haiM, jisake lekhaka haiM mahAkavi siMha / mUlata: yaha grantha mahAkavi siddha dvArA likhA gayA thA; kintu cUhoM evaM dImaka ne usakA adhikAMza bhAga naSTa kara diyA thA / taba apane guru ke Adeza se mahAkavi siMha ne usakA pUrNa uddhAra kiyA; ata: Age calakara vaha unhIM ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA / isakI vistRta rocaka carcA ukta grantha kI samIkSAtmaka prastAvanA meM kI gaI hai / vaha apabhraMza bhASA kA eka AlaMkArika mahAkAvya hai, jisakI 13 sandhiyoM meM aitihAsika prazasti ke atirikta kula milAkara 308 kaDavaka haiM / racanA praur3ha hai, kintu bar3I hI sarasa evaM rocaka | isakI prakAzaka saMsthA -- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI ne ise "jJAnapITha kA gaurava-: - grantha " kahA hai I isakA sampAdana vIra ku~varasiMha vizvavidyAlaya sevAntargata ma. ma. mahilA kaoNleja ArA kI prophesara evaM hindI - vibhAga kI adhyakSa tathA aneka pANDulipiyoM kI sampAdikA aura aneka granthoM kI yazasvI lekhikA pro. DaoN. vidyAvatI jaina ArA (bihAra) ne kiyA hai| unheM isa pANDulipi kI pratilipi san 1972 meM paM. hIrAlAla jI siddhAntAcArya ke saujanya se byAvara (rAjasthAna) ke prAcya zAstra - bhaNDAra se upalabdha huI thI / zrImatI DaoN. jaina ko pANDulipi ke sampAdana meM lagabhaga 25 varSa lage, kintu unake isa dIrghakAlIna kaThora parizrama se prAcyavidyA jagat ko eka amUlya grantharatna upalabdha ho sakA, yaha vizeSa pramoda kA viSaya hai, jisake liye prAcyavidyAjagata unakA sadA AbhArI rhegaa| isa grantharatna kA mUlyAMkana kara apabhraMza akAdamI jayapura ne use svayambhU puraskAra puraskRta kiyA hai, jisameM 21,000/- rupayoM kI nakada rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM muktAhAra dvArA sAhityakAra ko sArvajanika rUpa meM sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| se dUsarA prakAzita apabhraMza grantha hai-- puNNAsavakahakosu / prastuta grantha ke mUlalekhaka haiM mahAkavi raidhU, jinhoMne apabhraMza, prAkRta evaM prAcIna hindI meM lagabhaga 30 granthoM kI racanA 200 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #203 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kii| puNNasavakahakosu meM 13 sandhiyA~ evaM 250 kaDavaka haiN| varNya viSaya ke atirikta bhI yaha grantha sandhikAlIna apabhraMza-bhASA kI dRSTi se jitanA mahattvapUrNa hai, usase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai samakAlIna zramaNa saMskRti, bhAratIya itihAsa evaM madhyakAlIna vaidezika vyApAra tathA AyAta-niryAta kI dRSTi se bhii| __ isakA prathama bAra sampAdana rASTrapati sahasrAbdI puraskAra' se sammAnita tathA prAcya pANDulipiyoM ke marmajJa aura aneka granthoM ke lekhaka pro. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina ArA (bihAra) ne kiyA hai| unake lagabhaga 20 varSoM ke athaka parizrama kA hI supariNAma hai ukta grantha kA sampAdana-prakAzana / isakA nayanAbhirAma prakAzana paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI kI preraNA tathA bra. zAntikumAra jI ke sArthaka prayatna se unake paramabhakta zrImAn lAlA zikharacandra jI jaina dillI dvArA jaina sAhitya, saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti dillI dvArA kiyA gyaa| ___ isa mahanIya grantha kI sarvatra carcA ho rahI hai| isakA mUlyAMkana bhI jayapura kI apabhraMza akAdamI ne isI varSa kiyA hai tathA usane use san 2001 ke mahAvIra puraskAra se puraskRta evaM sammAnita kiyA hai| isa puraskAra meM bhI rupaye 21,000/- nakada tathA zAla, zrIphala evaM muktAhAra dvArA usake sampAdaka kA sArvajanika sammAna kiyA gayA hai| ukta donoM sAhityakAroM kA sammAna 27 apraila 2002 ke dopahara meM zrImahAvIrajI (jayapura) ke gambhIra nadI ke taTa para vArSika mele ke zubhAvasara para pUjyacaraNa munirAja kSamAsAgara jI ke sAnnidhya meM lagabhaga 50,000 nara-nAriyoM ke madhya kiyA gyaa| prArambha meM donoM sAhityakAroM kA paricaya pro. DaoN. kamalacandra jI sogAnI ne diyA tathA zAla tathA prazasti-patra vahA~ ke jilAdhikArI mahodaya ne tathA puraskAra rAzi evaM muktAhAra mahAvIra tIrtha kameTI ke adhyakSa zrI ena.ke. seThI (bhUtapUrva-AI.e.esa.) mahodaya ne samiti ke anya variSTha sadasyoM ke sAtha pradAna kara sammAnita kiyaa| -rAjIva jaina ** bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA divaMgata labdhapratiSTha-purAtattvavettA, bahubhASAvid, prAcInalipi-vizeSajJa, jainadarzana-manISI. sAhitya-vAcaspati zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kolakAtAvAloM kA dinAMka 11 pharavarI 2002 ko dehAvasAna ho gyaa| 'prAkRtavidyA' parivAra kI ora se divaMgata AtmA ko sugatigamana, bodhilAbha evaM zIgha nirvANa-prApti kI maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha zraddhAsumana samarpita haiN| -sampAdaka ** pro. lakSmInArAyaNa tivArI nahIM rahe zramaNa saMskRti ke vizeSajJa, prAcyabhAratIya bhASAoM ke gahana-anusaMdhAtA vidvadvareNya pro. lakSmInArAyaNa jI tivArI (kRtakArya prophesara sampUrNAnanda vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI) kA ravivAra dinAMka 10 mArca 2002 ko dehAvasAna ho gayA hai| Apa pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda 00201 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #204 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jI munirAja ke ananya-bhakta the, tathA 'AcArya kundakunda smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA' meM Apake zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA para mahattvapUrNa-vyAkhyAna huye the| ___ 'prAkRtavidyA' parivAra kI ora se divaMgata-AtmA ko sugatigamana, bodhilAbha evaM zIghra nirvANa-prApti kI maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha zraddhAsumana samarpita haiN| -sampAdaka ** ahiMsA aura mahAtmA gA~dhI 26 disambara 1909 I. ko zrI arjunalAla seThI, bra. zItala prasAda, zrI mANikacaMda pAnAcaMda muMbaI, zrI hIrAlAla nemacaMda solApura, rAyabahAdura aNNAsAheba laThe, ne lAhaura meM borDiMga kI sthApanA kI, jisameM 24 vidyArthI sarvaprathama rakhe gye| isa borDiMga ke supariDeMTa lAlA lAjapatarAya ko banAyA gayA thA, kyoMki lAlA lAjapatarAya jaina the| usa samaya ke vAtAvaraNa meM 'ahiMsA se deza AjAda nahIM hogA' --- aisA ciMtana bar3ha rahA thaa| ata: lAlA lAjapatarAya jI ne yaha patra gA~dhI jI ko likhvaayaa| jisake uttarasvarUpa mahAtmA gA~dhI jI ne yaha patra lAlA lAjapatarAya jI ko likhA thaa| -sampAdaka Mahatma Gandhi says : "With due deference to Lalaji, I must join this issue with him when he says that the elevation of the doctrine of Ahimsa to the highest position contributed to the downfall of India. There seems to be no historical warrant for the belief that an exaggerated practice of Ahimsa synchronised with our becoming bereft of manly virtues. During the past 1500 years, we have, as a nation, given ample proof of physical courage but we have been torn by internal dissensions and have been dominated by love of self instead of love of country. We have, that is to say, been swayed away by the spirit of irreligion rather than religion. __ . lAlA lAjapatarAya (lAhaura) jainadharma meM janma lekara bhI ahiMsA paramadharma ke mahAtmya ko samajha nahIM pAe parantu mahAtmA gA~dhI ne samajhAte huye likhA hai ki--yadyapi maiM lAlA jI kA bahuta Adara karatA hU~, phira bhI, maiM unake isa mata se sahamata nahIM ki ahiMsA-siddhAnta ke carama vikAsa ke kAraNa hI bhArata kA adha:patana huA hai| aise koI aitihAsika tathya hamAre sAmane nahIM Aye haiM, jinase yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sake ki ahiMsA kI parAkASThA se hI hamAre mAnavIya guNoM kA ghAta-pratighAta huA hai| pichale lagabhaga 1500 varSoM meM bhArata-rASTra ne zaurya-vIrya sambandhI aneka preraka udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, phira bhI, yadi hama TUTe haiM, to kevala apanI antarkalahoM ke kAraNa hii| svarASTra ke prati samarpita prema karane ke badale pArasparika svArtho ke kAraNa hI hamArA adha:patana huA hai| hama to yahA~ taka bhI kaha sakate haiM ki naitika/dhArmika vRtti kI apekSA anaitika/adhArmika vRttiyoM ke kAraNa hI hamArA adha:patana huA hai| -(yathArtha prakAza, pRSTha 56).. 00 202 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isa aMka ke lekhaka-lekhikAyeM 1.AcArya malliSeNa--Apa anekoM jainagranthoM ke lekhaka supratiSThita prAcIna AcArya-paramparA ke zramaNa-ratna the| isa aMka meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prakAzita 'zrI vAgdevI stotra' ApakI puNya-lekhanI se prasUta hai| 2. (sva0) AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI--bhAratIya saMskRti evaM hindI-sAhitya jagat ke ziromaNi manISiyoM meM agragaNya DaoN0 dvivedI jI kI puSpalekhanI se prasUta 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI kI mahimA' nAmaka viziSTa Alekha isa aMka kA alaMkaraNa hai| 3. AcArya caturasena zAstrI--hindI sAhitya ke supratiSThita aura bahuprasiddha hastAkSara ke rUpa meM Apa jAne jAte haiN| anekoM upanyAsa aura kahAniyA~ ApakI lekhanI ke dvArA prasUta hokara jana-jana meM pracalita haiN| Apake lekhana kA viSaya bhArata ke aitihAsika-caritra pramukhatA se rahe haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita vaizAlI' zIrSaka-Alekha Apake dvArA likhita haiN| 4. madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe--bhAratIya itihAsa, darzana evaM sAhitya ke supratiSThita hastAkSara ke rUpa meM jAne-mAne vidvAn dezapANDe jI kI khyAti vizvabhara meM rahI hai| Apane apanI niSpakSa aura prAmANika lekhanI se deza-videza meM bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti ke achUte pakSoM ko prabhAvI-rIti se ujAgara kiyA hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'jainadharma kI paramparA aura tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| 5. zAMtArAma bhAlacandra deva-Apa bhAratIya itihAsa aura purAtattva ke jAne-mAne vidvAn rahe haiN| jainadharma ko mahAvIra se prArambha kahanevAloM ke prati Apa khAse sajaga rahate the, aura jainadharma kI sudIrgha atiprAcIna paramparA ko Apane anekoM bAra prAmANikarUpa se apanI lekhanI ke dvArA batAyA hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'jainadharma kA prasAra' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| 6. (sva.) DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya-saMskRta-sAhitya ke bIsavIM zatAbdI ke svanAmadhanya lekhakoM meM variSThatama rahe DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya bahuzruta vidvAn the| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'bhagavAn mahAvIra : vaizAlI kI divyabhUti' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| 7. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra--'yugavIra' ke upanAma se suvikhyAta tathA merI bhAvanA' nAmaka kavitA se jainasamAja meM pratiSThA prApta Apa jainadarzana, itihAsa aura saMskRti ke supratiSThita vidvAn the| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'mahAvIra-vANI' nAmaka hindI kavitA Apake dvArA racita hai| 8. paM. nAthUlAla jI zAstrI--Apa saMpUrNa bhAratavarSa meM jainavidyA ke, vizeSata: pratiSThAvidhAna evaM saMskAra ke kSetra meM sarvAdhika pratiSThita vayovRddha vidvAn haiN| Apane deza bhara ke anekoM mahattvapUrNa kAryakramoM kA digdarzana kiyA hai tathA sAmAjika zikSaNa ke kArya meM ApakA anyatama prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00203 Page #206 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yogadAna rahA hai| Apane vividha viSayoM para anekoM prAmANika mahattvapUrNa pustakeM bhI likhIM haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDalapura' yA 'kuNDapura'' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA viracita hai| sthAyI patA--42, zIza mahala, sara hukumacaMda mArga, iMdaura-452002 (ma.pra.) 9. DaoN. yogendra mizra--Apa bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva ke supratiSThita vidvAn haiN| 'vaizAlI abhinandana-grantha' ke Apa yazasvI sampAdaka haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi jainasAhitya ke saMdarbha meM' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| 10. paM. balabhadra jaina--Apa jainadarzana evaM saMskRti ke jAne-mAne vidvAn lekhaka rahe haiN| 'prAkRtavidyA' nAmaka isa patrikA ke sampAdaka bhI Apa rhe| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'vaizAlI kuNDagrAma' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| ___11. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina--Apa magadha vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRta, apabhraMza ke prophesara' pada se sevAnivRtta hokara zrI kundakunda bhAratI jaina zodha saMsthAna ke nidezaka' haiN| anekoM mahattvapUrNa granthoM, pAThyapustakoM evaM zodha-AlekhoM ke yazasvI lekhaka bhI haiN| Apako isa varSa rASTrapati sammAna se bhI sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| isa aMka ke antargata prakAzita 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI vartamAna sandarbha meM prAsaMgikatA' evaM 'sahasrAbdI rASTrapati puraskAra merA sammAna nahIM balki prAkRta, jainavidyA tathA jaina-pANDulipiyoM kA sammAna hai' zIrSaka AlekhoM ke lekhaka Apa haiN| patrAcAra-patA-mahAjana TolI naM0 2, ArA-802301 (bihAra) 12. DaoN. vidyAvatI jaina Apa magadha vizvavidyAlaya meM variSTha rIDara thI, tathA jaina-sAhitya evaM prAkRtabhASA kI acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'nArI jAgaraNa ke kSetra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yogadAna' zIrSaka Alekha ApakA hai| Apa pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina kI sahadharmiNI haiN| sthAyI patA--mahAjana TolI naM0 2, ArA-802301 (bihAra) 13. DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI-- Apa jainadarzana ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta-apabhraMza evaM hiMdI bhASAoM ke vizvavikhyAta vidvAn evaM siddhahasta lekhaka haiN| pacAsoM pustakeM evaM do sau se adhika zodha-nibaMdha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra' nAmaka lekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA-243, zikSaka kAlonI, nImaca-458441 (ma0pra0) 14. DaoN. rAjamala jaina--jaina saMskRti, itihAsa evaM purAtattva ke kSetra meM Apa eka jAne mAne hastAkSara haiN| Apake dvArA likhe gaye anekoM pustakeM evaM lekha prakAzita haiN| sevAnivRtti ke bAda bhI Apa nirantara adhyayana evaM lekhana ke sAtha-sAtha zodhapUrNa kAryoM meM nirata rahate haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita vaizAlI-gaNatantra' zIrSaka kA Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA--bI-1/324, janakapurI, naI dillI-110058 15. satIza candra jaina--Apa jainasamAja ke supratiSThita kAryakartA evaM samarpita samAjasevI haiN| AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI ke sAnnidhya meM Apa varSoM se nispRharUpa se sevArata haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDapura 'videha' meM yA 'magadha' meM' zIrSaka lekha Apake 00 204 prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #207 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA--varddhamAna apArTameMTa, mayUra vihAra, phesa-1, dillI 16. DaoN. araviMda mahAjana--purAtattva ke kSetra meM vizeSarUpa se pratiSThita DaoN. aravinda mahAjana saMprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM kAryarata haiN| ApakI purAtAttvika aura aitihAsika lekhana meM vizeSa pratiSThA hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita vaizAlI : janmabhUmi mahAvIra kI' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| 17. DaoN. jayadeva mizra--prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa aura purAtattva ke supratiSThita vidvAn DaoN. jayadeva mizra paTanA vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa aura purAtattva vibhAga meM kAryarata haiN| ApakI lekhanI se prasUta varddhamAna aura vaizAlI : saMskRta sAhitya ke sandarbha meM' zIrSakaAlekha isa aMka kA alaMkaraNa hai| 18. DaoN. zAMti jaina saMskRta sAhitya, jainadarzana evaM itihAsa Adi kSetroM kI acchI viduSI DaoN. zAMti jaina jJAnanagarI ArA ke jaina kaoNleja meM saMskRta vibhAga meM rIDara haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'sarvamAnya hai mahAvIra kI janmasthalI vaizAlI' zIrSaka-Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| 19. mizrIlAla jaina eDavokeTa- azokanagara (ma.pra.) ke mUlanivAsI Apa jainasAhitya ke kSetra se suparicita hastAkSara haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'kundakunda vacanAmRta' kA 'hindI padyAnuvAda' Apake dvArA racita hai| / sthAyI patA-purAnA posTa oNphisa roDa, gunA-473001 (m.pr.)| 20. vidyAvAridhi DaoN. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA Apa jainavidyA ke kSetra meM suparicita hastAkSara haiM, tathA niyamita rUpa se lekhanakArya karate rahate haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'yaha dvAdazAMga kA ciMtana hai' nAmaka kavitA ke racayitA Apa haiN| sthAyI patA-maMgala kalaza, 394, sarvodaya nagara, AgarA ror3a, alIgar3ha-202001 (u.pra.) 21. pro. (DaoN.) zaziprabhA jaina--Apa zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI-110016 meM zikSAzAstra vibhAga kI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM Adhunika jJAna-vijJAna saMkAya kI pramukha haiN| prAkRtabhASA evaM bhAratIya itihAsa kI Apa acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha samrATa azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha mahAvIra paramparA ke poSaka tattva' Alekha Apake dvArA likhita hai| ___ sthAyI patA--prophesarsa phlaiTa, zrI lA.ba.zA. rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI-110016 22. DaoN0 udayacaMda jaina--samprati sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura (rAja.) meM prAkRta vibhAga meM variSTha rIDara haiN| prAkRtabhASA evaM vyAkaraNa ke vizruta vidvAn evaM siddhahasta prAkRta kavi haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'prAkRta-sAhitya mahAvIra kA dharmadarzana' zIrSaka lekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta haiN| sthAyI patA--piUkuMja, aravinda nagara, glAsa phaikTrI caurAhA, udayapura-313001 (rAja.) 23. DaoN. sudIpa jaina zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI meM 'prAkRtabhASA vibhAga' meM upAcArya evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa haiN| tathA prAkRtabhASA pAThyakrama ke saMyojaka bhI haiN| anekoM pustakoM ke lekhaka, sampAdaka / prastuta patrikA ke 'mAnada sampAdaka' / isa aMka prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 10 205 Page #208 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ meM prakAzita 'sampAdakIya', ke atirikta 'bhAratIya AsthA ke svara jana-gaNa-mana' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita hai / sthAyI patA -- bI-32, chattarapura eksaTaiMzana, naMdA phArma ke pIche, naI dillI- 110030 24. zrImatI raMjanA jaina--3 - Apa zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha kI prAkRtabhASA vibhAga kI variSTha zodha - chAtrA haiM / vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga kI je. Ara.epha. nAmaka phailozipa bhI Apako prApta hai| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'sAMkhya darzana paramparA aura prabhAva' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita hai I sthAyI patA 1-bI -32, chattarapura eksaTaiMzana, naMdA phArma ke pIche, naI dillI- 110030 25. zrImatI maMjUSA seThI - Apa prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya kI acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'mahAvIra kI acelaka paramparA' lekha Apake dvArA likhita hai / sthAyI patA -- sI - 9 /9045, vasaMtakuMja, naI dillI-110070 26. prabhAta kumAra dAsa -- Apa prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya ke zodhachAtra haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'nIrAjana : svarUpa evaM paramparA' lekha Apake dvArA likhita hai / patrAcAra patA--zodhachAtra prAkRtabhASA vibhAga, zrI lA. ba. zA. rA. saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI-16 27. ajaya kumAra jhA - Apa dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta - vibhAga meM zodha - chAtra ke rUpa zodha-kAryarata haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsaka darzana meM karuNA' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita hai / 'jaina' saMjJA " ArSaM mArgaM, sAsya devatA, jino devatA asya iti jaina: / jinaM vettIti jaina ityAdi / / " - ( kAtantra-vyAkaraNa, taddhita, 496 pR. 99 ) artha ArSa-paramparA ke mArga ko, unake devatA ko ('jina' kahate haiM / ) tathA 'jina' haiM devatA jisake, arthAt jinake anuyAyI 'jaina' kahalAte haiM / 'jina' ko jo jAnate haiM, unheM bhI 'jaina' kahate haiM / 'karmArAtIn jayantIti jinA: tasyAnuyAyino jainA: / ' - ( paJcasaMgraha, pR. 589 ) artha * jo karmarUpI zatruoM ko jItate haiM, ve 'jina' kahalAte haiM / tathA anuyAyiyoM ko 'jaina' kahate haiM I 'durjaya durghaTa karmArAtIn jayantIti jinA: / tasyAnuyAyino jainA: / / ' - ( prathamaguccha, prastAvanA, pR. 2) * jo durjaya evaM durghaTa karmarUpI zatruoM ko jItate haiM, ve 'jina' kahalAte haiN| tathA anuyAyiyoM ko 'jaina' kahate haiM / artha 206 : prAkRtavidyA janavarI - jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prabandha sampAdaka kI kalama se lekhakoM se anurodha sampAdakaH maNDala ke nirNayAnusAra evaM zodha patrakAritA ke niyamAnusAra katipaya sUcanAe~ apekSita haiM, jinakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai / prAkRtavidyA ke prAjJa lekhakoM / viduSI lekhikAoM se anurodha hai ki ve apanI racanAyeM bhejate samaya kRpayA nimnalikhita binduoM ke bAre meM sUcanA dekara hameM anugRhIta kareM : 1. ApakI preSita racanA pUrNatayA maulika / sampAdita/ anUdita / saMkalita hai / 2. kyA preSita racanA isake pUrva kisI bhI patra-patrikA, abhinandana grantha Adi meM kahIM prakAzita hai? yadi aisA hai, to kRpayA usakA vivaraNa avazya deM / 3. kyA Apa preSita racanA 'prAkRtavidyA' ke atirikta anya kisI patrikA Adi meM prakAzanArtha kisI rUpa meM athavA kucha parivartana ke sAtha bhejI ? yadi bhejI ho, to usakA vivaraNa dene kI kRpA kareM I 4. kyA preSita racanA kisI semInAra / sammelana Adi meM par3hI gayI hai? yadi aisA hai to kRpayA usakA vivaraNa avazya deM / 5. 'prAkRtavidyA' kA sampAdaka maNDala vicAra-vimarza pUrvaka hI kisI racanA ko prakAzita karatA hai, ata: ukta jAnakAriyA~ pradAna kara hameM anugRhIta kareM; tAki ApakI racanA ke bAre meM nirvivAda rUpa se nirNaya liyA jA sake / 6. kRpayA yaha bhI likheM ki 'prAkRtavidyA' se asvIkRta huye binA Apa apanI yaha racanA anya kahIM prakAzanArtha nahIM bhejeMge / kRpayA apane lekha/kavitA / racanA Adi ke sAtha uparyukta jAnakAriyA~ patra dvArA avazya preSita kara anugRhIta kareM / sadasyoM se anurodha yadi Apako patrikA niyamita rUpa se nahIM mila rahI hai, athavA ekAdhika aMka A rahe haiM, athavA ApakA patA badala gayA hai; to inake bAre meM patra-vyavahAra karate samaya sadasyagaNa apanI sadasyatA ke kramAMka (yathA V-23, S-76 Adi) kA avazya ullekha kareM / yadi ekAdhika aMka A rahe haiM, to una ekAdhika kramAMko kA bhI ullekha kreN| tathA Apa jisa kramAMka ko cAlU rakhanA cAhate haiM, usako bhI spaSTataH nirdiSTa kareM / yadi Apake pate meM pina koDa naM0 nahIM A rahA hai, yA galata A rahA hai, to Apa sadasyatA-kramAMka ke ullekhapUrvaka apana sahI pinakoDa avazya likheM; tAki Apako patrikA samaya para mila sake / prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka 207 Page #210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAkRtavidyA ke sambandha meM tathya-sambandhI ghoSaNA prakAzaka prakAzana sthAna : 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 prakAzana avadhi : traimAsika : surezacandra jaina rASTrIyatA : bhAratIya patA : kundakunda bhAratI 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 mudraka mahendra kumAra jaina rASTrIyatA bhAratIya patA kundakunda bhAratI 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 DaoN. sudIpa jaina rASTrIyatA bhAratIya patA kundakunda bhAratI 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 svAmitva surezacandra jaina mantrI, kundakunda bhAratI 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 maiM surezacandra jaina etaddvArA ghoSita karatA hU~ ki merI adhikatama jAnakArI evaM vizvAsa ke anusAra uparyukta vivaraNa satya haiN| surezacandra jaina prakAzaka sampAdaka prAkRtavidyA ke svatvAdhikArI evaM prakAzaka zrI surezacandra jaina, maMtrI, zrI kundakunda bhAratI, 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 dvArA prakAzita; evaM mudraka zrI mahendra kumAra jaina dvArA, mai. dhUmImala vizAlacaMda ke mArphata prama priMTiMga varksa cUr3IvAlAna, cAvar3I bAjAra, dillI-110006 meM mudrit| bhArata sarakAra paMjIyana saMkhyA 48869/89 Page #211 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'AcArya kundakunda puraskAra evaM AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra samarpaNa-samAroha' kI bhavya jhalakiyA~ mukhya atithi mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila jI se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke citra ke samakSa / rajata-puSpa arpita kara apanI zraddhA samarpita karate huye mukhya atithi mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila jI ko zaoNla samarpita kara unakA sammAna karate huye 'AcArya kundakunda-puraskAra-samiti' ke adhyakSa zrI vinoda lAlacaMda dozI, sAtha meM haiM cayana-samiti ke adhyakSa sAhU rameza candra jI jaina evaM sayojaka DaoN. sudIpa jaina prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0 209 Page #212 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mukhya atithi mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila jI se 'AcArya kundakunda-puraskAra' grahaNa karate huye vidvadvareNya pro. (DaoN.) nAmavara siMha jI mukhya atithi mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila jI se 'AcArya umAsvAmI-puraskAra' grahaNa karate huye vidvadvareNya pro. (DaoN.) vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI 00 210 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka Page #213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2800 jala-vAlalAka-varSa ke suavasara para paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAlaya jI. muniSa kAna mAlika ne yA varddhamAna mahAvIra smRti grantha lokArpaNa - samAro AcArya kundakunda puraskAra evaM AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra samakSA - dinAMka : 20 apraila 2002 pativAra prAtaH 10.30d 'AcArya kundakunda puraskAra' grahaNa karane ke bAda apane vinamra udgAra vyakta karate huye pro. (DaoN.) nAmavara siMha jI 'AcArya umAsvAmI puraskAra' grahaNa karane ke bAda apane vinamra udgAra vyakta karate huye pro. (DaoN.) vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka / .. 211.org Page #214 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samAroha meM mukhya vaktavya prastuta karate huye dharmAnurAgI zrI zivarAja pATila jI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 260 paranupUjya AcArya zrI vidya 'varddhamAna mahAvIra smRti 'AcArya kundakunda puraskAra' evaM dinAMka : jaina Jain 212 national TRE bhagavA 'varddhama AcArya tance puSpa - stabaka bheMTakara zrI zivarAja pATila jI kA svAgata karatI huyIM zrImatI sarayU daphtarI jI prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika - mahAvIra - vizeSAMka Page #215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mAhavAna mahAvIra ke 2000janakalyANakA mahAvIra smRti-bAna-lokArpa kRtajJatA-jJApana karate huye sAhU rameza candra jI jaina pro. (DaoN.) nAmavara siMha jI kA paricaya dete huye pro. prema siMha jI prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 00 213 Page #216 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'barddhamAna mahAvIra smRti-granya lokArpaNa-samAroha' kI bhavya jhalakiyA~ gAliyana 'varddhamAna mahAvIra smRti-grantha' kA lokArpaNa karate huye pUrva lokasabhA-adhyakSa mAnanIya zrI zivarAja pATila jI, sAtha meM haiM smRti-grantha ke sampAdaka DaoN. sudIpa jaina evaM prakAzaka zrI cakreza jaina bijalI vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 26004 janakalyAlA 'paranAmA kina varddhamAna mahAvIra smRti-grandhata AcArya kandakanda puraskAra evaM AcApa mAramA pusakara nAmA 'varddhamAna mahAvIra smRti-grantha'-lokArpaNa ke bAda apane udgAra vyakta karate huye DaoN. sudIpa jaina 10214 Jain Education intemnational prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka .. Page #217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ meena jana sAniyA ne jAyogitA sadamAna mahAvIra smRti-grantha - lokArpaNa - samAroha sAyIkRta chanda pusatkAra evaM jAnArtha samAtvAmI puraskAra samarpaNa - samAroha samAroha meM maMgala-AzIrvacana pradAna karate huye pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja samAroha meM upasthita dharmAnurAgI bhAI-bahina prAkRtavidyA-janavarI-jUna '2002 vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka 0 215 Page #218 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 216 prAkRtavidyA janavarI-jUna 2002 vaizAlika mahAvIra vizeSAMka K paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja * 78vA~ janmadivasa samAroha sAhU zrI azoka jaina smRti puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha evaM dinAMka: 22 apraila 2002 somavAra caitrazukla dazamI vIra nirvANa saMvata 257 130 taka syAdA AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke sAnnidhya meM Ayojita bhavya samAroha meM variSTha patrakAra va samAjasevI zrI pArasadAsa jaina ko "sAhU azoka jaina smRti puraskAra" se sammAnita karate hue jasTisa vijendra jaina / sAtha meM haiM sAhU ramezacandra jaina, zrI cakreza jaina, zrI svadeza bhUSaNa jaina, zrI satIza jaina (S.C.J.), zrI sukhamAla candra jaina evaM zrI zIlacandra jaina jauharI Adi / sAhU zrI azoka jaina smRti puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha kI bhavya jhalaka Page #219 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjadhAnI naI dillI ke AdhyAtmika nandanavana meM rita jJAnatIrtha - kundakunda bhAratI kesarI puSpagucchayukta azokavRkSa, AmravRkSa, saptaparNavRkSa evaM campAvRkSa Adi mAMgalika vRkSoM se yukta upavana ko nandanavana kahA jAtA hai| kundakunda bhAratI parisara meM azokavRkSa dharmAnurAgI zrI sureza candra jI jaina (EIC) evaM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke maMgalavRkSa dharmAnurAgI zrI rameza candra jaina (PRJ) ke saujanya se suzobhita haiN| ARMA amalini 199NDONTota tara Aadim __ digambara jaina Agama-granthoM kI mAdhyama-bhASA 'zaurasenI prAkRta', jise vRhattara bhArata ke sarvAdhika vyApaka kSetra meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASA kA svarUpa prApta thA, ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie kRtasaMkalpa uccastarIya zikSaNa evaM zodha ke saMsthAna kA nAma hai 'kundakunda bhAratI' / ___ zaurasenI prAkRta ko vaiyAkaraNoM ne anya prAkRtoM kI prakRti kahA hai--"prakRti: zaurasenI" - (AcArya vararuci, prAkRtaprakAza) tathA AcArya raviSeNa ne jise bhASAtrayI meM sAdara smRta kiyA hai "nAmAkhyAtopasargeSu nipAteSu ca sNskRtaa| prAkRtI zaurasenI ca bhASA yatra trayI smRtaa||" - (padmapurANa, 24/11) aisI mahattvapUrNa bhAratIya bhASA ke pramukha jJAna-kendra 'kundakunda bhAratI' ke lie nirantara unnati evaM pragati-hetu hArdika zubhakAmanAoM ke sAtha 'jainabodhaka' (jainasamAja kA prAcInatama pratinidhi patra) Page #220 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahAvIrakAlIna vaizAlI kuNDalapura kA nakzA vajji-videha janapada (vaizAlI, kuNDagrAma, mithilApurI) vajji-viveha janapada | gAva TALUE CIRCUIT madhubanI darabhagArapuSpa lahariyA vAdA pipurakaserA ti bIragaMja mjliyaa| corAvAne pAla patiyA pIlI aurayanija mejaragaMja vIratiTAlI bhuthisonavayA mithilApurI ! mithilApurI motIhArI DAI rigAM apanA jalavA rahadovA mItAmaDI jayanagara goviMvageja moviMdarAbAjepaTTI misajA zivahara janakapurarI benIpaTTI/baoNlI kaisariyA madhuvam phUlaparasa yumA rAjagira mAhaNi ratanasaya sAhebagaMje mInApura bhairavasthAna? sidhuvAliyA kapa mehavata sA rAna majaphpharapura vAjapavikaTi pura mahArAjagaMja baliyAgA vaizAlImujapharapuralaheriyAsarAya vArizajagara hAroMDA kuNDuGgAmuDolA candrAIna harapuragarabiyA goril saharasA lArA paMlA lAlaTrIjasA mahuA. siMgiyo banagAMva u0pra0 nasahAjIpura simavikhtyArapura narahAnata vighApA dalasiMgasarAya DaragherI aura bhApaTanA begarA vikrama khagAriyA - punapuna - baronI saMdeza jalapuraviyAnakA badhA palimasopi "porIsATanA mokAmA gugala aravAjahAnAbAda pakaMgaravihAravArIphAya karAvaraherA zekhapurA kasyA khatma islAmapura nAlandA saMketa * majAba mahamUda rAjagIra rAjya kI sImA. TikArI balAgaMja khidarasarAya mAsabIgaMja jile kI sImA... latA* kaMcakoDavAvAnavAdA raphIgaMja pareyAnapara vajIragaMja. pApa meani w wgAvedapura -bayala rASTrIyamArga......... majahare mathurApura mekasora satagAvA guruAmAlayA pAduvA sarabamara kacyA mArga........ madanapuraga jaina tIrthamArga.. yA rAjaulI jile kI rAjadhAnI........... zeramATImA imAmagaMja balAcIThI bopArana jhAMma) koDaramA antarASTrIya sImA......... . . bachavADa magara palijasozipa parI nirisA syAvara LATEST AgAha nadiyA........ bhArata sarakAra kA pratilipAdhikAra, 1971 bhArata ke mahAsarvekSakakI anujAnusAra bhAratIya sarvekSaNa vibhAgIya mAnacitrapara aadhaarit|