Jain Sahitya

Author(s): Mansukhbhai Kiratchand Mehta
Publisher: Vallabhsuri Smaraknidhi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034874/1

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GebIIIde I TolkeIa D *elclobllo 'lo?lal313 pronounson' phona : 0278-2425322 3004846 2 jaina sAhityamALA : puSpa chaThThuM ******* *************0******* : / sAhitya bhara lekhaka kuMtI sva. zrI manaHsukhabhAi kIracaMda mahetA, mAmI. saMpAdaka : DaeNA. bhagavAnadAsa manaHsukhabhAi mahetA, ema. khI. khI. esa. 5, ceApATI roDa, muMbaI, 7. =====0===========0==== saarc====== Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat .... mubai-3. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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jaina sAhitya sa, sAkSararatna trIjI gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSada prasaMge rajU karela (vAMcela) vidvattApUrNa nibaMdha] lekhaka - sva. zrI manasukhabhAI kIracaMda mahetA, morabI. 32 saMpAdaka - De. bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI mahetA, ema. bI. bI. esa. 5, capATI reDa, muMbai, 7

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ditiyAvRtti: prata. 1000 vi. saM 2016 i. sa. 1959 mudrakaH maNIlAla kalyANadAsa paTela zrI suryaprakAza prinTIMga presa pAMcakuvA daravAjA, amadAvAda, 2 AbhAra darzana sva. zrI manasukhabhAI kIracaMda mahetA taraphathI sAhitya pariSamAM vaMcAyela A nibaMdhanAM pAnAM (apUrNa) sva. mehanalAla da. dezAInA saMgrahamAMthI maLyA hatA emAM je kaMI truTIo hatI te svargastha zrI manasukhabhAInA abhyAsI putra che. bhagavAnadAsabhAIe parizrama laI sudhArI, temaja pustakane lagatI sarva kAryavAhI karI, samitine je sahAya Apela che te badala teozrIne temaja upakta svargasthane samiti vatI AbhAra vyakta karuM chuM. mehanalAla dIpacaMda cekasI maMtrI, vallabhasmArakanidhi. mUlya : 1 rU. ra5 na. pa.

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(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)(c)e / kamaniyA oooooooooooooooooooooOOOQO9oQoooooo zrI vallabhasUri jaina sAhityamALA puSpa cha haSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS jaina sAhitya lekhaka - sva. zrI manasukhabhAI kIracaMda mahetA, morabI. pragaTa kartAzrI valabhasUri smArakanidhi, zrI geDIjI jaina upAzraya, muMbaI, 3 GeoBoogoGOOOGOOOOOoooooo

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zubha AzirvAda jainAcArya zrI vijayasamudrasUri AgamaprabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI prakAzaka1. zrI mohanalAla dIpacaMda cekasI, mAnada maMtrI 2. zrI jesIMgalAla lalubhAI 3. , ramaNalAla nagInadAsa parIkha . ratanacaMda cunilAla dAlIyA che caMdanamalajI lAlacaMdajI 6. 5 hajArImalajI caMdrabhANa 7. jagajIvanadAsa zivalAla 8. 99 prasannamukha suracaMda badAmI - kAMtilAla kerA 10, y, phulacaMda zAmajI -ramAraka samitinA sabhya. ka

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prastAvanA 1. saMpAdakIya sad. zrI manasukhabhAI kharekharA arthamAM eka uccakakSAnA sAkSara hatA. A bhAratIbhakta satsAhityanI upAsanA kevA ane keTalA bhaktibhAvathI karI haze tene mUka sAkSI A temane prakAMDa sAkSaratvasaMpanna nibaMdha ja che. A vidvattApUrNa nibaMdha pratye UDate daSTipAta karatAM paNa temanI agAdha bahuzrutatA,prakhara buddhimattA,tINa paryAcanA prakRSTa prauDhi, samartha vAgmitA, uttama madhyasthatA, adbhuta RjutA Adi kaI paNa sahadaya rasajJa samIkSakanuM ekadama dhyAna kheMce che, ne sahaja svayaMbhU bahumAna upajAve che. A abhyAsa pUrNa samartha (Scholarly & Masterly ) suMdara sAhityakalAthI sugrathita "graMtha vA nibaMdha nibaddha karavAmAM keTalA bahuzratapaNAnI, keTalA rasajJapaNAnI, keTalA anveSaNanI, keTalA mImAMsananI, keTalA parizramanI apekSA rahe che, te AvA viSayomAM kRtazrama vidvajane ja samajI zake che. A jaina sAhitya zIrSaka vidvattApUrNa (scholarly) nibaMdha sad. vidvavarya bahuzruta lekhake trIjI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada prasaMge rajU karyo hate-vAMcyuM hatuM, ane te tatkAlIna viziSTa ziSTa sAkSaramaMDalImAM khUba prazaMsA pAmyuM hatuM. bIjI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadu prasaMge paNa Aja sa. sAkSarazrIe "gujarAtImAM jaina

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sAhityane phALe' e zIrSaka samartha (Masterly ) nibaMdha raju karyo hato-vAMcyuM hatuM; tenA anusaMdhAnapUrtirUpa vA vizeSIkaraNarUpa A "jaina sAhitya" ne nibaMdha che. eTale ekakaka ekaviSayaka A baMne nibaMdha snigdha baMdhubelaDI jevA hoI jUdA pADI zakAya ema nathI. temaja-A "jaina sAhitya" nibaMdhanA pariziSTarUpe "jana rAsamALA' e zIrSaka lagabhaga 370 jUnA rAnI upagI yAdI je sad. zrIe ghaNuM ghaNuM parizramapUrvaka taiyAra karI ApI hatI, te A nibaMdhanA aMgabhUta che,-je te arasAmAM eka alaga patrikArUpe zrI jaina konpharansa taraphathI chapAvI pragaTa karavAmAM AvI hatI. prastuta "jaina sAhityane nibaMdha eka pRthaka prakAzanarUpe (TrekaTa) te arasAmAM sadazrInA sanmitra saddharmabaMdhu sad. zeTha zrI hemacaMda amaracada taraphathI suMdara kAgaLa para chapAvI pracAravAmAM AvyuM hatuM. tenI eka apUrNa prata sa. ma. da. dezAInA saMgrahamAMthI smArakanidhine upalabdha thatAM tenuM prakAzana karavAnI saMsthAnI IcchA thaI, ane AnuM saMpAdana karavA aMge mane lakhavAmAM AvyuM; saMsthAnI IcchAne mAna ApI, ukta apUrNa pratanA zeSa bhAganI mhArI pAsenI prata parathI pUrti karI ApI meM A nibaMdhanuM yathAvatuM saMpAdana karyuM che; A sarvAgasuMdara graMthane anurUpapaNe AjanAdisakalavidhi saMbhALavAne yathAzakya vinamra prayAsamAtra karyo che. prakRta nibaMdhamAM kaI aitihAsika miti paratve (dA. ta. zrI siddhasena

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3 divAkarasUrijI, zrI haribhadrasUrijI khA.) adyatana sa MzodhananA prakAzamAM kvacit kicita virAdhAbhAsa bhAsavA saMbhave che, tathApi tevA ullekha tA sad. zrInA samayAvadhi thayelA saMzAdhanAnusAra hAi na kiMcit che. 2. graMtha vastunu digdarzana have A graMthanA abhidheya viSaya sa kSepamAM digdarzana karIe. vidvAna lekhake peAtAnA vaktavyanu me vibhAgamAM vibhAjana karyu che : (1) prathama prakaraNamAM 'gujarAtI ane saMskRta-pAkRta jaina sAhityanuM digdarzana' karAvyuM che; (ra) dvitIya prakaraNamAM bhASAviveka' karyo che. A nimaMdhane prastAva rajU karatAM prAraMbhika udbAdhanamAM vidvAna niSadhakAra svayaM jaNAve che. tema-- gujarAtI sAhityane jaina sAhitye kevuM sArU pASaNa ApyuM che, te ame amArA trIjI pariSanA nibaMdhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM. sadgata zrI geAvanarAma tripAThI tathA rA. rA. kezavalAla huM darAya dhruva Adi nAmAMkita gurjara vidvAnAe jaina sAhitya majAvelI gujarAtI sAhityanI temaja sAmAnya sAhityanI sevA parama pramAda bhAve pIchANI che.' ityAdi prastAva karI, ' gujarAtI bhASAnA janma jenAthI thayA che? AvA eka avAbhAvika prazna carcAtA zruta thAya eTale sAmAnya nirdezarUpa IzAro mAtra karI, AnI '

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savizeSa carcA bIjA prakaraNa mATe anAmata rAkhI, lekhaka prathama prakaraNa prAraMbhe che; ane temAM prathama gujarAtI vibhAga e zIrSaka taLe gujarAtImAM jaina sAhitye Apela phALAnuM savistara darzana karAve che. atre gujarAtImAM lekhanane prAraMbha soLamI sadImAM thayelA bhakta kavi zrI narasiMha mahetAthI thaye evI "pracalita mAnInatAne AMcako ApatAM sad. sAkSarazrIe hakIkato ane AMkaDAthI (facts & figures) darzAvI ApyuM che ke-zrI narasiMha mahetA pUrve paNa vi. saM. 1400 thI 1570 sudhImAM racAyelA lagabhaga 45 rAse che. dA. ta. "vi. saM. 1412mAM zrI udayavaMta (vijayabhadra) nAmanA jaina AcArye gautama svAmI rAsa racyo che. te ja arasAmAM haMsa-vaccha rAsa, zIla rAsa, mayaNarehA rAsa, ArAdhanA rAsa, zAMtarasa rAsa Adi racAyA che. ItyAdi savistara jaNAvI lekhake pote mahAparizrame tayAra karelI lagabhaga 300 jana rAsenI yAdI prastuta lekhanA prAMte pariziSTarUpe TAMkI che e ullekha karyo che. uttama kavitvasaMpanna A rasamaya rAsasAhitya uparAMta caritro, AkhyAyikAo, catuSpAdikA, DhALa, AdhyAtmikaaupadezika sajjA (svAdhyAya), bhaktinAM pade, stavane vagere paNa kavitArUpe ghaNuM che,-jenA sAhityaguNanuM yathocita mUlyAMkana karavAnuM "madhyastha sAhityavettAone lekhake bhAvavAhI ArNana karyuM che; ane Ama rAsasAhitya AdinuM rasamaya darzana karAvI, tenI vividha upayogitA vivarI dekhADI, 'janahita tathA sadharmasevA" e tenA ISTa

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udeza spaSTa karI, gujarAtI bhASAmAM anuvAdita thayelA sAhityanuM darzana karAvyuM che, A vizAla sAhityarAzine (1) caritrAtmaka aitihAsika vibhAga, (2) nyAya (Logic) (3) jaina tatvajJAna, (4) dravyavicAra (Metaphysics) (5) adhyAtma yAga, (6) lokasvarUpa athavA vizvavyavasthA (Universe, Cosmos), (7) nIti, (8) nATake, (9) ti-kALajJAna-nimitta Adi, (10) padezika, (11) dharmavizeSa-sAmAnya dharma (12) prakiyA,e dvAdaza aMgamAM vibhAjana karI bahuzruta lekhake te te viSayane lagatA graMthonI saMkSipta samAcanApUrvaka talasparzI mImAMsana Ama gujarAtI vibhAganuM nirUpaNa karI, lekhake saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAganuM darzana karAvyuM che ane tema karatAM "gujarAtI vibhAga karatAM A vibhAga ghaNuM moTA vistAravALe che, chatAM vistArabhayathI koI keInI upayukta noMdha laI avaziSTa bhAga TuMkamAM patAvazuM, -ema kahI vistAra mATe zrI jaina vetAmbara konpharaMsa taraphathI prakAzita "jaina graMthAvalI" avalakavAnI bhalAmaNa karI che. atre prAcIna jaina vyAkaraNe e aMge sUma vicAraNA rajU karatAM vidvAna lekhake prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANini pUrve thayelA jaina vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyanakRta zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNano ullekha karI, gujarAtanA jyotidhara kalikAlasarvajJa' zrI hemacaMdrAcArya kRta sidhahaima vyAkaraNanuM sAmAnya sUcana

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karI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA karI che. ema vyAkaraNane khAsa ullekha karI prAkRta eTale zuM? ane tenA aMge jainAcAryonuM maMtavya raju karI, (1) samasaMskRta prAkRta, (2) tajajA prAkRta, (3) dezI prAkRta, ema prAkRtanA traNa prakAra darzAvyA che; ane prAkRtamAM lakhAyela jaina AgamasUtra uparAMta prakIrNa graMtha, kA, caritro, nyAya, tattvajJAna, vyAkaraNAdi vipula sAhitya pratye aMgulinirdeza karI, "e bhavya sAhityanA uddhAra arthe sAhityapremI vidvAnane bhAvapUrNa anurodhapUrvaka A prathama prakaraNa pUrNa karyuM che. bIjA-"bhASAviveka prakaraNamAM prathama te pahelA prakaraNamAM jenA pratye sahaja IzAre karyo hato te gUjarAtI bhASAne janma jenethI thaye che? e praznanI savistara carcA upADI che, ane tenI talasparzI mImAMsA karI che. lekhaka jaNAve che tema "A praznanA utpAdaka rA. rA. manasukhabhAI ravajIbhAI mahetA hatA, jeoe evuM vidhAna karavA prayAsa karyo hato ke "gUjarAtI bhASAne janma jenAthI thaye che. paraMtu A nibaMdhakartA sad. zrI manasukhabhAI kIracaMda mahetAe ukta vidhAnane atre jorazorathI pratIkAra karyo che, ane spaSTa zomAM jaNAvyuM che ke "A prazna kRtrima che, ane kRtrima praznanuM sAdhya siddha thaI zake nahiM." ema jaNAvI temaNe eka kuzaLa vApa, bhASAzAstrInI adAthI,-kuzaLa dhArAzAstrI jema prativAdInI pratyeka dalIlane radIo Ape tema,-pratipakSa taraphathI AgaLa dharAtI pratyeka dalIlane

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nikhuSa yuktiyukta akhalita vAgadhArAthI saphaLatApUrvaka nirasta karI che. eka ja dharma-saMpradAyanA anugAmI hovA chatAM, atre sAhitya-raNAMgaNamAM vipakSe upasthita eka ja nAmadhArI A be mahArathI sAkSara sanmitranuM A premamaya vAgayuddha sAhityarasika vidvAnone prekSaNIya banyuM haze ! A aMge atre piSTapeSaNa nahi karatAM, eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM egya che ke A vidvAna nibaMdhakartAe bhASAviveka aMge zrI rudraTe kahelA bhASAnA cha bhedane havAle ApyuM che-(1) prAkRta, (2) saMskRta, (3) mAgadhI, (4) pazAcikI, (5) zaurasenI, (6) "dezavizeSathI ghaNA bhedavALe apabhraMza "vizeSAt DijhaMra . ema bhASAnA cha bheda nirdezI, pratyeka bhASAmAM sAthenA sAthe rahelA A cAra bhedanuM svarUpa darzAvyuM che--(1) prAkRta svarUpa, (2) saMskRta svarUpa, (3) samasaMskRta svarUpa, (4) apabhraMza svarUpa; ane te pratyekanA spaSTa udAharaNe ApI, sAhitya jagat samakSa puSkaLa rasaprada bhASAviveka darzAvI tAtparya darzAvyuM che ke - dravya-kSetra-kALa-bhAvane laI AgalI bhASAmAMthI apabhraMza-rUpAMtara pAmI avatarelI-ucharelI bhASAmAM samAjana, saMpradAyamAtrane, hAtha che; koI vyakti ke kaI saMpradAya e bhASAno janma pitAne tyAMthI na saMbhAvI zake. A samasta carcAnA saMdarbhamAM AnuSAMgikapaNe saMskRta-prAkRta bane bhASAnA sAhityanA sarvAgINa vikAsamAM jaina sAhitye Apela mahAna phALAnI prazasti

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paNa yathAsthAne darzana de ja che, te sujJa vAMcaka svayaM joi zakaze. chevaTa gujarAtI bhASAnA avatAra kyAMthI thayeA che enI savistara carcA upADI vidvAna lekhake khatAvI ApyuM che ke gUjarAtInA janma apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI thayo che; paNa te jainAnI sUtra prakaraNanI prAkRta bhASA apabhraSTa thaine temAMthI nahi; paNa dezanI pracalita sAmAjika prAkRta apabhraSTa thaI temAMthI, kemake sAmAjika prAkRta ekalA jaineAnI svAMga mAlikInI na hatI.' AnA samarthanamAM zaurasenI ane apabhraMza prAkRtanA udAharaNa ApI spaSTa samajAvyA che. ane sAthe sAthe-prAkRtanuM mahatva jaineAmAM ja hatu, jainetara anya prAkRtane halakI gaNI halakAM pAtrAne ja sAMpatA,--jema-jaina auddha sivAyanAM bIjA' nATakAmAM halakAM pAtromAM dekhAya che;'--A dalIla keTalI bhrAMta che, te paNa apratividheya cuktithI darzAvI ApyuM che. chevaTe gUjarAtI bhASA zAmAMthI avatarI haze ? ene ni ya karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke 'sAmAjika apabhraSTa prAkRta bhASAmAM janA brAhmaNA badhAnA hissA hatA, ane emAMthI gujarAtI avataravA pAmI che.' gUjarAtI kene ane kyArathI gaNavI e A prakaraNanA chellA praznanI sUkSma chaNAvaTa karatAM sad. vidvAna sAkSarazrI prakAze che--* hAla ApaNe jene gUjarAtIrUpe oLakhiye yei, te gUjarAtIne maLatI prAcInamAM prAcIna je gUjarAtI jaNAya ane je madhyama varganA vidvAnane tarata samajavAmAM AvI zake, ene gaNavI.' A uktanA samanamAM

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gUjarAtInI jananI apabhraSTanA udAharaNa TAMkI, chevaTamAM gautama rAsanuM "jema sahakAre keyala TahUke I. kAvyarasamaya pada avatArI sadgata sAkSararatna zrI manasukhabhAIe prAcInatama jaina gUjarAtI sAhitya mudrita thaI have prasiddhimAM Avaze, ane matabhedarUpa daSTi dUra thaze evI udAtta bhAvanA vyakta karI A sAkSaratvapUrNa mahAnibaMdhanI bhavya pUrNAhuti karI che. 3. bhAratIya sAhityamAM jaina sAhityane phALe bhAratIya sAhityanA sarvAgINa vikAsamAM jaina sAhityane phALe kAMI nAne sUne nathI, ane te kaI paNa samAjane gaurava levA jevuM che. parama lokakalyANakArI vizvavatsala zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIre divya kevalajJAnAlokathI vizvatatvanuM sAkSAt darzana karI bhAratavarSamAM paramArtha amRtanI varSA varSovI; " a nnaprabhUtaM temanA divya saMdezane jhIlI temanA sAkSAt ziSya gaNadhara devee vizAla mahAkAya dvAdazAMgInI racanA karI-dhArti dvArA virAruM." A dvAdazAMgInI vizAla mahAkAyatAne khyAla ApaNane AcArya puSpadaMta-bhUtabalita SakhaMDAgamamAM ApelI takta ane tadaMtagata pUrvagata viSayonI anyatra anupalabhya evI savistara sUci parathI prApta thAya che; dA. ta. ekeka pUrvamAM seMkaDe vastuo ane temAM vaLI seMkaDe prAbhUta ! paNa ApaNuM matimAMghathI, pramAdathI ke kALabalathI durbhAgye A dvAdazAMgIne ghaNe bhAga vicacheda ga, ane mahAmUlya vArase ApaNe gumAvyo. tathApi

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mahAbuddhinidhAna AcAryo jeTalo aMza jALavI zakAya teTale jALavI rAkhavA mahAna prayAsa te karatA ja rahyA. dA. ta. vIrAt 1000 varSe thayelA zrIdevagiNI kSamAzramaNajIe vallabhIpuramAM AcAryonI pariSada yejI, eTale aMza smRtigocara rahyo teTalo mahAparizramapUrvaka saMkalita karI graMthArUDha karI, kALajavAlAmAMthI bacAvI levAnuM (Salvaging) bhagIratha kArya karyuM. digaMbara AmnAyamAM paNa AcAryaparaMparAthI prApta "prabhuta--jJAnane sUtranibaddha karavAnuM mahAna kArya-' chAmi samayag:bimo suva4imaNi"--ema mahApratijJA karanArA mahAna kuMdakuMdAcAryajIe ane SakhaMDAgamapraNetA puSpadaMtabhatabali e be mahAna AcAryayugale karI, jagatane uttama tattvajJAnanuM "prAbhUta" (bheMTaNuM) karyuM. ane AvI ujajavala zramaNaparaMparAmAM thayelA anekAneka tyAgI niHspRhI saMta virasaMtAne e vIravibhune amUlya vAraso yathAzakya sAcavI rAkhI, pitAnA nirmala prajJA-jalanA abhisiMcanathI keTale vikasvara karyo che, ane "vibudhajanane paramAnaMda a5tuM kevuM uttama sAhitya-"naMdanavana sajaryuM che, tene sAkSIbhUta te te mahAvibhUti mahAnitha zramaNee nirmANa karelA hajAre graMthane mahAna rAzi mejUda che. vyAkaraNa ke keSa, kAvya ke alaMkAra, nATya ke rUpaka, kathA ke caritra, nyAya ke darzanavAda, nIti ke dharma, adhyAtmaga ke bhakti, tattvajJAna ke vizvavijJAna ityAdi lalita ke lalitetara sAhityanuM koI paNa aMga che, te vAhu

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mayanA samasta kSetrane surNa karI mahAna vIracaMtAnee Apele sAhitya-phAla (phALe) vipulatA (Quantity) ane guNavattA (Quality, Merit) e banne daSTie apratima che. ane vizeSa vivaraNane avakAza nathI, mAtra be traNa udAharaNa ja basa thaze. "gUjarAtanA jyotirdhara' tarike suprasiddha kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryajIe ema kahevAya che ke sADA traNa koDa kaleka pramANu sAhityanuM sarjana karyuM che; maharSi haribhadrAcAryajIe eka ekathI sarasa evA 1444 graMtha jeTalo mahAna graMtharAzi nirmANa karyo che, ema paraMparAthI temanI khyAti cAlI Ave che. seMkaDo vidvAne sAthe maLIne paNa jeTaluM sAhitya na sajI zake teTaluM vipula ane uttama sAhitya sarjanArA AvA virATa (collosus) sAhityasarjaka sAhityasvAmIo (Literary Giants) jevA mahAna jyotidhare jainazAsana-gaganamAM camakI bhAratamAM jJAna- snA relAvI gayA che. ane AvA te anekAneka mahAna sAhityakAre jaina samAje bhAratane aryA che, jevAM ke-kavikulaguru kAlidAsanuM smaraNa karAve evA mahAkavio jinasenAcAryajI-siddhasena divAkarajI-samaMtabhadrAcAryajI, bANakRti kAdaMbarInI spardhA kare evI tilakamaMjarI mahAkathA sarjanAra mahAkavi dhanapAla, jainenA zaMkarAcArya samA maharSi amRtacaMdrAcAryajI ane nyAyAcArya yazovijayajI, jainenI mahAgItA samA "jJAnArNavanA praNetA maharSi zubhacaMdrAcAryajI, upamitibhavaprapaMpacA mahAMrUpaka kathAnA sRSTA siddhaSijI,

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(ItyAdi)-je mahAna bhAratIbhaktonI yazagAthA gAtI ciraMjIva sukRtie deza kAla ane jAtinA baMdhanathI anavachinnapaNe Aje paNa bhAratanA ane bhAratInA mukhane samajajavala karI rahI che ! Azcarya che ke te jamAnAmAM sAhityanAM sAdhane svapa ane durlabha chatAM te te mahApuruSe ATaluM badhuM sAhityasarjana karI zakyA, ane Aje te sAhityanA sAdhanonI vipulato ane sulabhatA chatAM navasarjananI vAta te dUra rahe, paNa jUnuM jALavI rAkhavA jeTalI zakti paNa hAsa pAmI che! eTale pUrva puruSanI gaurava gAthA gAvA mAtrathI ApaNuM kAma nahiM sare, paNa te puruSanA bhavya puruSArthane anurUpa ApaNe puruSArtha slerAvI "jaina sAhityanA punarutthAnanA mahAna kAryamAM lAgI javAthI saraze. tema karavuM haze te A puNya kAryamAM dhImetee ane zrImaMtoe pUrNa sahakArathI yathAzakti pitapatAne phALe parama udAratAthI Apa paDaze, ane tenI sarvAMgasuMdara prakAzanA- prabhAvanAthe jJAnaprakAzaka saMsthAoe paNa nirdabha sAcI sevAbhAvanAthI agrabhAga bhajavA paDaze, ane te mATe "e bhavya sAhityanA uddhAra-pracAra-prakAza khAtara, kevaLa sAhityanA premanI khAtara sAhityapremI vidvAnee "AppApara (mArUM tAruM') cheDI daI bahAra AvavAne-nirIha prayAsa karavAne vakhata AvI lAge che,"--evA bhAvapUrNa A nibaMdhakartA sad. sAkSara zrI manasukhabhAInA A mananIya vacane caritArtha karavA paDaze. astu ! , capATI reDa, bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI mahetA, muMbaI-7

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============Quarrasers.0====0=====quare ......................... .0====0saramade learn pass therut) 0 0zcal)> *99*** ....... ... jaina sAhitya [ sad. sAkSararatna trIjI gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSad prasaMge rajU karela (vAMcela ) vidvattApUrNa nibaMdha ] lekhaka :sva0 zrI mana:sukhabhAI kIracaMda mahetA, mAramI. (00.0 0000, 3:35prere so Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 0100 00 Rs.0======Jaani..0.0.ain 0 0 0==========a. ...... ..... www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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viSaya vibhAga prakaraNa paheluM gUjarAtI ane saskRta-prAkRta sAhityanuM digdarzana. prakaraNa bIjuM ---- bhASA viveka

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* prastAva mAnyavara pramukha sAheba, nAmadAra mahArANI naMdakuMvaramA, tathA anya sannArIo ane sajjA, * jaina sAhitya --e aMge kAMI nivedana karavA Apa samakSa ubheA thayA chuM. A viSayane be bhAgamAM vecI nAMkhela che; eka prakaraNamAM gujarAtI ane saMskRta-prAkRta jaina sAhityanuM digdarzana che; tyAre khIjA prakaraNamAM 'bhASAviveka'mukhyataH che. jaina sAhitya sa MskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI, telugu vagerene jakharA AdhAra ApyA che, ane te te bhASAmAM e sAhitya ghaNuM kheDAyuM che, e vidvAneAne have supratIta thayuM che. gujarAtI sAhityane jaina sAhitye kevuM sArUM poSaNa ApyuM che, te ame amArA khIjI pariSadnA 'nimaMdhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM. sadgata zrI geAvanarAma tripAThI tathA rA. rA. kezavalAla * trIjI gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSad prasaMge A nibaMdha vAMcana veLAye sad. sAkSarazrIe kareluM prAraMbhika vaktavya. + khIccha gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSad prasaMge pazu sadzIe A ja viSayane sparzatA " gUjarAtImAM jaina sAhityanA kALA '' e zIka sama+ (Masterly ) nibaMdha rajU karyAM hatA-vAMcyA hatA, tene uddezIne A ullekha che. -bhagavAnadAsa ma. mahetA.

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harSadarAya dhruva Adi nAmAMkti gurjara vidvAnoe jenA sAhitye bajAvelI gujarAtI sAhityanI temaja sAmAnya sAhityanI sevA parama prameda bhAve pIchANI che; evA jana sAhitya aMge atre kAMI nivedana karuM te sAhityarasikane lAbha-AnaMdanuM kAraNa thaze. Apa kevaLa sAhitya premanI khAtara e para amRtadaSTi Theravazo evI vijJapti pUrvaka A viSaya prAraMbhu chuM. 29-10-09 . zukravAra ma. kI. mahetA.

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zrI sarasvatye namaH jaina sAhitya prakaraNa paheluM. gujarAtI vibhAga - bhASAne janma lenAthI saMbhave? | gujarAtI bhASAne janma jainethI thaye che ? A eka asvAbhAvika prazna carcAte zrata thAya che. amane A prazna kevaLa asvAbhAvika lAge che. e prazna kema udabhave e samajAtuM nathI. eka bhASAno janma te bhASAthI vyavaharanArAthI che, e vAta sarva keI kabUla karaze. bhASAthI * A nibaMdhanA bIjA prakaraNamAM savistara darzAvyuM che tema A carcAnA utpAdaka sva. zrI manasukhabhAI ravajIbhAI mahetA hatA. tene atre jorazorathI pratIkAra A nibaMdhanA kartA sva. zrI manasukhabhAI kiracaMda mahetAe (mahArA pU. sad pitAzrI) nigSa suyuktiyukta dalIlothI atyaMta samarthapaNe karyo che. sAhitya raNAMgaNamAM vipakSe upasthita eka ja nAmadhArI A be mahArathI sAkSara sanminuM A premamaya vAyuddha sAhityarasika vidvAnane prekSaNaya banyuM haze ! -DaoN. bhagavAnadAsa manaHsukhabhAI mahetA

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jaina sAhitya vyavaharanArA jene heya, ane jainetara bIjAo paNa hoya. A baMnemAMthI kaI paNa e akudaratI dA na karI zake, ke amArAthI ja A bhASAno janma thayo. baMne pakSa e dAvo karI zake, ke A prakAre A bhASAne ame yathAyogya piSaNa ApyuM. eTale gujarAtI bhASAne janma jinathI che, ke bIjAothI e kRtrima carcAne kere rAkhI, atre ame jaina sAhitya gujarAtI tathA tenA AdhArabhUta anya saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityane kevA prakAre poSaNa ApyuM, AdhAra Ape, vikAsa-vRddhi-zuddhimAM hi Ape e nipakSapaNe batAvazuM. lekhana janma. bIje e prazna uThI zake, ke gujarAtI lekhananI zarUAta jenee karI ke bIjAoe ? Ane yathAyogya AnumAnika nirNaya ApI zakAya; paNa te nirNaya saMpUrNa vajalepa satyarUpa te nahi; kemake bhAvikALe vizeSa sabaLa purAvA maLe, to e nirNayane tilAMjali devI ja paDe. prastuta praznanA samAdhAnamAM kALakramamAM kenuM sAhitya prathama lakhAyuM, (chronologically) e ApaNe tapAsavuM paDaze, ane enA uttarane ApaNe madAra e upara raheze. je ApaNane acuka ema jaNAya, ke gujarAtI lekhita sAhitya kALakramamAM jenenuM paheluM che, te gujarAtI lekhanAraMbhanuM mAna jenene maLaze. ema che ke nahi e ApaNe AgaLa tapAsazuM.

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gujarAtI sAhityA2bha kyArathI ? sAhitya AraMbha. trIjo prazna e uThI zake, ke jenee ke jainetara bIjAee bhale gujarAtI lekhanAraMbha karyo; paNa e gujarAtI lekhanamAM sAhitya yogya lekhana ane sAhityanA eka aMga kAvya lekhananI Adi kenAthI? jethI ke bIjAthI ? A traNe praznonI ApaNe samAlocanA karIe. prazna (1) gujarAtI bhASAno janma jainethI che? A prazna nirarthaka asvAbhAvika heIene javAba ApI zakAya ema nathI. zarUAtamAM ja jaNAvyuM che, ke kaI saMpradAya e dA na karI zake, ke A bhASAne janma amArAthI ja thayo. prazna (2) gujarAtI lekhananI zarUAta jenee karI? A prazna paNa eka deze kRtrima che; tathApi tene ApaNe sAdhAra nirNaya zodhIe. gujarAtImAM lakhavAnI zarUAta zrI kRSNanA paramabhakta zrI narasiMha mehatAthI thaI evI pracalita mAnInatA che. A bhakta kavi vi. saM. seLamI sadImAM thayA evuM manAya che. A kavinI pahelAM gujarAtInA lekhake na hoya evuM te mAnI zakAya ema nathI; hovA ja joIe, ane te jaino hoya ane jainetara bIjAo paNa hoya. jainetara bIjAo che ke nahi enI amane khabara nathI. paNa zrI. narasiMha mehatAnI pUrve eka saikA lagabhagamAM gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhanArA jaina lekhake thayA che, e te

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= jaina sAhitya sAdhAra kahI zakAya ema che; je AgaLa batAvIe chIe. je zrI narasiMhamehatAnI pahelAM janetara bIjA lekhake na hoya (je mAnI zakAya ema nathI) te gujarAtI lekhananI Adi jaina lekhakethI thaI ema mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI. prazna (3) bhale jana lekhakethI gujarAtI lekhananI kadAca Adi thaI, paNa e lekhana sAhitya egya vargamAM ANI zakAya evuM che? e lekhananA kavanane kAvya vargamAM gaNI zakAya ema che? Ane uttara vicArIe. gujarAtI kAvyanI zarU Ata zrI narasiMha mehatAthI thayelI gaNAya che; ane enAM surasika, bhaktirasa bharyA, sahaja hRdayamAMthI phurI AvelAM kAvya jotAM, temaja A kavinI pahelAnuM gujarAtI kAvya sAhitya nahi maLela hovAthI A kavizrI gujarAtI kAvyanI zarUAtanI gaNanA thaI e yathArtha ja che. paNa A bhakta kavi pahelAM paNa gujarAtI lekhake thayA che, evuM amAruM mAnavuM che; jena lekhake te che ja; ane bIjA paNa hoya, je zodhakhALathI prasiddhimAM AvavA yogya che. have A jaina lekhakanA lekho sAhityamAM ane temAM paNa kAvyasAhityamAM gaNAvA gya che ke kema ene samatola nirNaya ziSTa madhyastha sAkSAe karavAnuM che. e jaina lekhakanAM nAma, teonI padyAtmaka kRti, kRtinI miti vagere AgaLa jaNAvIe chIe.

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jena rAsa sAhityaH jona rAsamALA gautamasvAmIne rAsa (1) visaM. 1412 mAM zrI udayavaMta (vijayabhadra) nAmanA jena AcArye zrI gautama svAmIne rAsa race che. mudrita thayela A rAsa mAne che bhASA prAcIna gujarAtImAM gaNavA yogya che, ane te prauDha, saraLa ane rasika che, je jijJAsu vAMcanArane saheje pratIta thAya ema che. emAM jenenA parama tIrthanAtha zrI mahAvIradeve sarva vedavid gautamagetrIya zrI idrabhUti Adine vedapadene paramArtha tathA pUrvApara virodha rahita artha samajAvI potAnA ziSyapade sthApyA Adine adhikAra che. Ane tathA A arasAmAM racAyelA bIjA rANene sAhityakakSAmAM gaNavA ke nahi e sAhityanAM lakSaNAdi jANanArA madhyastha parIkSakanuM kAma che. ame jaina hovAthI, (saMpradAya bhede A bheda vyavahAra hetue dAkha che, bAkI ame ane ApaNe eka ja chIe; aikyatAmAM ja ApaNuM gaurava ane kalyANa che; saMpradAya bheda paNa na ghaTe.) ane A rAsenA lekhake paNa jaina hovAthI daSTirAga ke darzana mehanA doSanA bhayane laI amAre kevaLa taTastha rahevuM gya che. haMsavaccha rAsa (2) bIje rAsa paNa e ja arasAmAM e ja lekhake zrI haMsa-vachane aupadezika caritrAtmaka lakhelo che. ghaNuM karI e prasiddha thaye nathI. zIla rAsa. (3) trIje rAsa paNa e ja arasAmAM e ja lekhake

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jaina sAhitya 10 zIlarAsa, e nAme racyA che; A paNa ghaNuM karI prasiddha nathI thayA. AmAM sazIla, sadratttana, brahmacaryAdinA mahimAyukta khAdha che. maNarehA rAsa. (4) ceAtheA rAsa vi. sa'0 1413 mAM kakaDIyA gAmamAM koI zrI harasevaka nAmanA jaina sAdhue cAturmAsamAM lakhele zrImatI madanarekhA (mayaNurehA ) ne che. AmAM kai kai marubhUminI bhASAnI chAyA Ave che; paNa sAmAnya valaNu gujarAtInuM che. A rAsa nAnA che; mudrita thayA che. emAM dAna, zIla, bhakti AdinA sadupadezayukta zrI madanarekhAnu caritra che. ArAdhanA rAsa. (5) pAMcamA rAsa ArAdhanA rAsa e nAme zrI seAmasuMdarasUrie vi. sa. 1450nA arasAmAM lakhyA che. A rAsamAM maraNeAnmukha jIvane maraNakALa sudhArI levAnA, duSkRtanI aaAcanApUrvaka niMdA-gA~nA, sukRtanI anumedanAnA, jIvamAtra prati maitrIbhAva rAkhavAnA, prANImAtra prati aparAdha kSamavA-kSamAvavAnA,sava-saddhama AdinAM zaraNanAe vagerenA daza adhikArInuM aupadezika varNana che. zAMtarasa rAsa (6) chaThTho rAsa zAMtAsa e nAme vi. sa. 1455 mAM ke e arasAmAM upara jaNAvelA zrI sAmasuMdarasUrinA ziSya zrI munisuMdarasUrie racyA che. A muni sahasrAvadhAnI hatA; sthaMbhatItha (khaMbhAta) nA navA. darakhAMe

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racAyelA , zekhe jaina rAsAtmaka ane itara sAhitya emane vAdIgokulaSaDha evuM nAma ApyuM hatuM, ane dakSiNAtya rAjAe emane kalisarasvatI evuM biruda dIdhuM hatuM, emaNe zrI adhyAtmaka9pama nAme adhyAtmamukhya saMskRta kAvya raceluM mudrita thayuM che, tenA anuvAdarUpa A zAMta rAsa poteja karela che. A rAsa bhASAmAM prAcIna che; emAM gadya bhAga paNa che. nava rasa pikI navame zAMtarasa AmAM pradhAnapaNe (Prominent) che. paMdaramA saikA pachInuM rAsAtmaka ane rAsa sivAyanuM jaina gujarAtI sAhitya vi. saM. paMdaramI sadImAM racAyelA ATalA rAsa * maLI AvyA che. zedhakhoLathI vizeSa paNa kadAca maLI Ave. zrI narasiMha mehatA vi. saM. soLamI sadImAM thayA; ' eTale tenI pahelAM eka saikAmAM racAyelA A rAsenI vAta thaI, tyAra pachI seLamI sadInA prAraMbhathI cAlu sadInA prAraMbha sudhImAM gujarAtImAM lakhAyelA jana rAsa ghaNuM dekhAze. e rasa uparAMta caritre, AkhyAyikAo, catuSpAdikA, DhALo, AdhyAtmika-aupadezika sajjA (svAdhyAya), bhaktinAM pade, stavane vagere paNa kavitArUpe ghaNAM che; jenI jainetara bIjA kavionAM bhaktipade, kItane, pAIo, chappA, AdhyAtmika aupadezika kavitAo AdinI peThe sAhityamAM ane temAM paNa kAvyasAhityamAM gaNanA karavI ke nahi, e madhyastha sAhityavettAonuM kAma che. lagabhaga 370 gujarAtI jona rAsenI eka yAdI-nAma, kartAnAM nAma, ane racAyAnI miti sAthenI,-chApelI A Ave. zrI

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12 jaina sAhitya lekhanA ke prAMte TAMkI che te gujarAtI kAvya sAhityanA abhilASIne upayogI thaze. A yAdImAMnA rAsenI keI keInI racAyAnI miti maLI zakI nathI; kaI keIna kartAnAM nAma paNa nathI maLyAM. e rAsamAMthI lagabhaga 45 rAse cAra-pAMca varasanA eTale vi. saM. 1400 thI 1570 sudhImAM racAyelA che. lagabhaga 80 mudrita thayA che. e rAsanI prathama darzane pratIta thatI upayogitA Adi atre TAMkavuM upayogI thaze - (1) A rAmane keTaloka bhAga, (a) gujarAtane ItihAsanakkI karavAmAM -dAkhalA tarIke kumArapALa vastupALa, jagaDu AdinA, (ba) gujarAtI bhASAnA avatAra-vikAsa-vRddhinA zAdhanamAM, (ka) prAcIna gujarAtInA namunA mATe, (Da) hAlanI saMskArI gujarAtI bhASAmAM apa ricita navA paNa upayogI zabdanuM bhaMDoLA (Enriching) vadhAravAmAM, ane (pha) gujarAtI gadya-padya lakhavAnI zarUAta jaina * atra je A lekhamAMte pariziSTarUpa yAdI ullekhela che, te ja "jaina rAsamALA' e zIrSaka lekharUpe jaina konpharansa taraphathI agAu chapAvavAmAM Avela che. -bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI mahetA,

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13 rAsenI upayogitA lekhake e ke bIjAe karI e nakkI karavAmAM upayogI thAya ema che. (2) zrI hIravijayasUri vijayatilakasUri AdinA rAsethI jena AcAryonAM caritra-ItihAsa upara prakAza paDI zake ema che. (3) rAsenA heTA bhAgane cheDe prazasti ApelI che; temAM prAyaH traNa cAra peDhInAM nAma che, jethI jaina sAdhuonA vaMza-vRkSa nakkI karI zakAya ema che. judA judA gacchanI paTTAvaliomAM te sudharmAsvAmIthI vi. saM. pUrve 470 varasathI) paTTAvali lakhAI tyAM sudhInA te te gacchanA paTTAdhIza AcAryonAM ja nAma-tithi che, tyAre A rAsanI prazasti uparathI bIjA sAdhuonAM nAma-tithi-vaMza nakkI thaI zake . ema che, je A dizAmAM kAma karanAra ItihAsakArane upayogI thavA yogya che. (4) badhA rasane aMtima hetu (AMtara hAI) dharma upadezane che; dAna-zIla-tapa-bhAvamukhya vyavahAradharma upadezavAne che. amuka nAyakanAM caritragraMtharUpe dAkhalA daSTAMtadvArAe lekhake e upadezane bahu rasamaya ane AkarSaka karyo che. (5) e zasemAMthI sAdhaka TucakA ane rasika subedhayukta kAvyakaNikAo judAM tAravI zakAya ema che. ane evAM judAM tAravI kADhelAM kAvyakone gujarAtI bhASAnA "ratna bhAMDAgAra nAma pustakarUpe jI zakAya ema che. (6) keTalAka rAse mAMthI lakhakanAM buddhivaibhava, kAvya

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14 jaina sAhitya camatkRti ane alaMkArayukta vANI joI sahudaya vAMcakane AnaMda maLe ema che. (7) e rAse uparathI e rasanA vastu-pAtrane anu sarI, e rAsane zuddha dharma upadezarUpa aMtima hetu lakSamAM rAkhI, vartamAna raulIe zuddha saMskArI bhASAmAM kaI ziSTa lekhaka navalakathA lakhe, te saddharmanI tathA gujarAtI bhASAthI vyavaharanAranI jabarI sevA bajAvAya ema che; meTI nirjara tathA puNyabaMdhanuM kAraNa che. (8) A dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke rAsenA lekhake e rAse gujarAtI bhASA athavA kAvyacamatkAra arthe nathI lagyA, paNa gujarAtI bhASAne upayoga karanArAone saddharmaupadezavA artho lakhyA che eTale kavacita kavacit bhASADaMbara ke kAvyacamatkRti vinAnI sAdI bhASA mAluma paDe, tethI bhaNelA e (Pedants) mukha macakoDavAnuM nathI, tethI e rAsenI kIMmata kAMI ochI nathI thatI; sArazAdhaka sahRdaya vidvAnee to e rAsenA AMtarU hArda upara, aMtima heturUpa sadupadeza upara najara TheravavAnI che. kAvyacamatkRti vinAnI sAdI bhASAmAMthI paNa jijJAsu bhASAzAstrIne avanavuM zikhavAnuM maLe ema che. 9) A paNa lakSamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke bhASAnI kIMmata te bhASAne upayoga karanArAne laIne che; bhASAne upayoga karanArA na hoya te te bhASA mRtavat (dead) che; ane mRtavata bhASAmAM game tevA bhASADaMbara-kAvyacamatkAra heya paNa te sAmAnya janasamUhane te nakAmA prAya che. zrI

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lekhane dezaH janahita ne saddharmasevA siddhasena divAkaranI samayane nahi chAjatI saMskRta bhASA ane vRddhavAdInI samAcita saraLa prAkRta (prakRtajanane man on the spot anusaratI) bhASA,-A bemAMthI kaI kAragata (vijayI) thaIe vArtA suprasiddha che. A uparathI kahevAnuM ke prastuta rAse kenA arthe lakhavAmAM AvyA che, te upara tathA temAMnA upadeza upara dRSTi rAkhavAmAM Ave te rAsenI kIMmata ane upayogitA ekadama pratIta thaze bhale pachI te rAsamAM vAgADaMbara ke kAvyAlaMkAra na hoya. ghaNA rAsamAM ramaNIya-maneNa vAvibhava ane kAvyAlaMkAra Adi che, tathApi badhAmAM na hoya tethI temane premAnaMdAdinAM kA sAthe rasAlaMkAra-vAgavilAsa AdinI sarakhAmaNImAM tarachoDI kADhI tenI gaNanA na karavAmA Ave e aMge A lakhavuM che. (10) A paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che, ke A rAsenA lekhake prAyaH sAdhu hatA; gharabAratyAgI svapa2hita arthe udyama karanArA sAdhu hatA; ane ethI e rAse lakhavAne mukhya hetu janahita tathA sadharma sevA sAthe svakarmanI nirjarane hato. (11) A rAmane keTaloka bhAga chapAI gayo che; paNa e mudrita thaelAmAM keTaloka bhAga evo azuddha ane citharIo (shabby and ragged) che, ke tene pharI chapAvavAnI jarUra che, mATe A badhA rAnA samUha gujarAtI bhASAmAM prasiddha thayelAM "prAcIna kAvyamALA athavA "bahalkAvyadehana?? nI zailIe * prAcIna

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14 jaina sAhitya jaina kAvyamALA'' athavA "jaina kAvyadehana" rUpe chapAvavAmAM Ave te gujarAtI sAhityanuM gaurava vadhAranArA saMkhyAbaMdha graMtha (volumes) thaI zake ema che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa tethI saddharmasevAne, gujarAtI sAhitya vRddhine, ane gujarAtI sAhityane lAbha lenArA upara upakArane ane pariNAme nirjarAne mahAna lAbha che. (12) jaina lekhake tathA anya lekhako vacce kevI spardhA cAlatI, kevAM anyonya anukaraNa thatAM, tathA kevAM lekhacarya (Plagiarism) athavA vasturI thatAM e paNa kaI kaI rAse uparathI samajAvA yegya che. (13) keTalAka rAse te ekane eka viSayanA havA chatAM judI judI rIte judA judA lekhakee judA judA lakhAyalA mAlUma paDaze. (14) A rAsonI yAdI uparathI gujarAtInA zatakavAra jena lekhako saMbaMdhI ullekha karavAnI, nibaMdha lakhavAnI saraLatA thaze. atyAra sudhI vAta 2AsenI thaI. e uparAMta prAkRta tathA saMskRta jena kAvyAdi sAhitya aMgenA graMthanA gujarAtI bhASAmAM je anuvAda thayA che, tene paNa je gujarAtI sAhityamAM gaNavAmAM Ave, te te vibhAga paNa ghaNe thavA jAya che. thoDAM nAma-sAhityanAM judA judA vargorUpe, kartAnAM nAma, racanA, miti, zlokasaMkhyA, bhASAMtarakAranAM nAma, prasiddha karanAranAM nAma, tathA te graMthamAM zuM che enI TuMka nedha, e AdirUpe ApazuM.

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A mULa ja AcArya zrI jaivyo che. ' caritrAtmaka aitihAsika vibhAga (History) 17 (1) caritrAtmaka aitihAsika vibhAga -(History) (a) triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra:- A mULa graMtha vi. saM. bAramI sadImAM thayelA suprasiddha jaina AcArya zrI hemacaMdrasUrie saMskRta kAvyarUpe 34000 lokapUra race che. temAM A avasarpiNI kALanA trIjA-cothA ArAmAM thayelA vartamAna ceviza tIrthakare, bAra cakravatI, nava vAsudeva Adi zalAkA puruSanAM caritra che, je jJAna sAthe AnaMdapUrvaka vAMcavA gya che. AnuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara zrI bhAvanagara jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA taraphathI prasiddha thayuM che. (5) pAMDava caritra A mULa grantha vi. saM. teramA zatakamAM thayelA madbhadhArI zrI devaprabhasUrie 10000 kapUra kAvyarupe saMskRtamAM race che. A eka bhajanIya mahAbhArata ne grantha che. tenuM bhASAMtara paNa prasiddha thayuM che. ( c ) rAmAyaNa - A jaina rAmAyaNarUpe oLakhAte (a) ne eka khaMDa che. A traNe (a) (b) (c) thI zrIrAma pAMDavAdi aMgenI mAnInatAmAM jene ane bIjAomAM zuM taphAvata che, e sArI rIte samajAvA gya che. ( 4 ) dvayAzraya A dviarthI saMskRta kAvya 3000 zlokapUra zrI

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jaina sAhitya hemacaMdrAcArye vi. saM. bAramI sadImAM racyuM che. emAM eka artha letAM gurjara nR5 kumArapALa AdinAM atihAsika caritro ane bIjo artha letAM vyAkaraNa sUtre samajAya eve e dviarthI zleSAtmaka graMtha hovAthI ene dvAzraya evuM nAma ApyuM che. marahama che. maNibhAIe AnA etihAsika arthanuM kareluM bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. paNa A graMtha upara zrI abhayatilakasUrie vi. saM. 133ra mAM 18000 zlokapUra TIkA racelI che; tene hastalekha pATaNanA bhaMDAramAM mejuda che; tenuM je bhASAMtara karavAmAM Ave te A mahAkAvyanA baMne Azraye (artho) samajAya. (e ) kumArapALa prabaMdha:- A paNa eka aitihAsika 2500 lekapUra kAvya saMskRtamAM zrIjinamaMDanagaNIe vi. saM. 1491 mAM racyuM che. emAM kumArapALa rAjA AdinAM etihAsika vRttAMta uparAMta bIjuM ghaNuM prAsaMgika jANavA jevuM che. AnuM bhASAMtara rA. rA. maganalAla cunIlAla vighe kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. (f) kumArapALa caritra - A saMskRta kAvya 2000 kapUra zrI cAritrasuMdare vi. saM. 1500 mAM raceluM che. emAM paNa gurjara rAjA zrI kumArapALa AdinAM caritra che. enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara marahuma prA. maNibhAIe kareluM prasiddha thayuM che.

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= = caritrAtmaka aitihAsika vibhAga (g) prabaMdha keSa - A grantha prAyaH saMskRta gadyamAM che; 4000 phalekapUra che; vi. saM. 1405 mAM zrI rAjazekharasUrie race che. catuvikati prabaMdha nAme oLakhAtA A graMthamAM zrI bhadrabAhu, bappabhaTI, haribhadra Adi AcAryo, zrIharSa, harihara Adi kavio, zrI vikama, sAtavAhanAdi rAjAo, zrI vastupALa Adi maMtrIo vagerenA ceviza prabaMdha che. marahuma TaeN. maNibhAIe anuvAdita karelo A graMtha prasiddha thayo che. (h) prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi - A saMskRta gadya-padyAtmaka graMtha 5115 zlekapUra che. te vi. saM. 1361 mAM zrI merUtuMgasUrie vaDhavANamAM rahe che. temAM paNa zrI vikama, zAlivAhana, vanarAja kumArapAla, bhIma, bheja, jayasiMha, jagadeva AdinA prabaMdhe che. AnuM bhASAMtara marahuma zAstrI rAmacaMdra dInAnAthe kareluM pragaTa thayeluM che. (i) vikama caritra - 6020 kapUra A saMskRta kAvya zrI rAmacaMdragaNIe vi. saM. 1890 mAM race che. emAM vikama paMcadaMDanI judI judI AkhyAyikAo che. tenuM bhASAMtara paNa prA. maNibhAIe kareluM prakaTa thayuM che. (j) zatruMjaya mAhAbhya: 10024 kapUra A saMsakRta kAvya vi. saM. 477mAM

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jaina sAhitya zrI dhanezvarasUri (zilAdityanA vArAmAM-tenA pratibaMdhaka) e lakhela che. AmAM zrI saurASTramAM AvelA zatruMjayanA tIrthamAhAsya upara zrI RSabhadevathI mAMDI Adhunika kALanAM aitihAsika caritre che. AnuM bhASAMtara zrI bhAvanagara-jainadharmaprasAraka sabhA tathA "jaina" patra baMne taraphathI prasiddha thayuM che. (k) bharatezvara bAhubaLI - vRttirUpa saMskRta-prAkRta- gadya-padyAtmaka 10282 zlokapUra A graMtha vi. saM. 1590 mAM zrI zubhazIlasUrie race che, temAM zrI RSabhadevanA putra zrI bharata rAjA, tathA zrI kAlikAcArya, bhadrabAhu Adi 66 mahA puruSo ane pa4 mahAsatIonAM (sItA, damayaMtI, sulatA Adi) caritra che. rA. rA. metIcaMda odhavajI zAhe anuvAdita karela A graMtha prasiddha thayo che. (1) jagaDa (jagadudeva zeTha) caritra - 7 sagavALuM 388 zlekayukta A saMskRta kAvya zrI sarvAnaMdasUrie vi. saM. caudamA sakAmAM lakhyuM che. emAM vi. saM. 1313-14-15 mAM paDelA vikarALa duSkALa veLA lekone anAdivaDe jIvitadAna ApanAra jagaDuzAnuM tathA gujarAtanA rAjA vIravaLa AdinuM, kaccha-siMdha AdinA rAjAonuM prAsaMgika caritra che rA. rA. maganalAla dalapatarAma khakhare kareluM AnuM bhASAMtara mULa sAthe mudrita thayuM che.

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caritrAtmaka aitihAsika vibhAga (m) jainakumAra saMbhava:- . 1226 lekapUra A saMskRta kAvya zrI jayazekharasUrie vi. saM. 1862 mAM lakhyuM che; AmAM zrI RSabhadeva, bharata, bAhubalI AdinA adhikAra che. enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara 50 hIrAlAla haMsarAje kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. (1) gurnAvalI 760 zlokapUra A paTTAvalI saMskRtamAM kAvyarUpe zrI zrI munisuMdarasUri, jeNe zAMtarasa rAsa racyAnuM ApaNe agAu jaNAvyuM che, teNe [ zrI sudharmAsvAmIthI (vi saM. 470 pUrve) pitAnA vakhata sudhInA AcAryonI ] racI che. A gujarAtI bhASAMtararUpe prasiddha thayela che. (0) harivima caritra - pa350 zlokapUra A saMskRta kAvya Agamika zrI jayatilakasUrie vi. saM. 1436 mAM racyuM che. tenuM marAThImAM bhASAMtara zrI gAyakavADa sarakAra taraphathI ane gujarAtImAM "jaina" patra taraphathI prasiddha thayuM che. (2) sukRta saMkIrtana - A eka hajAra lokabaddha saMskRta kAvya gurjara jaina maMtrI vastupALa-tejapAlanA caritrarUpe vi saM. 1500nA arasAmAM zrI arisiMha ane amarasiMhe lakhyuM che. tenuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara zrI gAyakavADa sarakAra taraphathI

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jaina sAhitya prasiddha thayuM che. zrI gurjara nRpati vIradhavaLanA purohita semezvaradeve zrI vastupALanAM yazagAnarUpa "kIrti kaumudI' nAmanuM je kAvya lakhyuM che ane jenuM bhASAMtara 2aa 2. vallabhajI haridatta AcAryuM karyuM che, tevo A grantha che. (6) sulasA caritra: 800 zlokapUra A kAvya Agamika zrI jayatilakasUrie vi. saM. 1436mAM racyuM che. AmAM zrI mahAvIradevanI parama zrAvikA sulasA satInuM caritra che. parAbhaktinuM svarUpa A caritrathI samajAya ema che. gujarAtI bhASAMtara sAthe A kAvya prasiddha thayuM che. ityAdi. (2) nyAya. (Logic) paDadazana. (a) padanasamuccaya - nyAyaviSayaka A saMskRta padyAtmaka grantha mAtra 87 zlokane zrI haribhadrasUrie visaM. chaThThA saikAmAM ra che. tenA para vi. saM. 1860 nA arasAmAM zrI guNaratnasUrie 4500 kapUra "tarka rahasya dIpikA" nAmanI vRtti racI che. AmAM chae darzananuM nyAyayuktipUrvaka nirUpaNa karI, syAdvAdanI siddhi karI che. pra. maNibhAIe bhASAMtara karele A grantha mudrita thayo che.

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(2) nyAya (Logic) (b) syAdvAda majarIH-- A mULa grantha mAtra 32 saMskRta zlokanA che. zrI hemacadrAcAye " anya yAga gcheda' rUpe zrI mahAvIradevanI A 32 kAvyA vaDe vi. saM. khAramI sadImAM stuti karI che, tenA para vi. sa. 1349 mAM zrI mahUiSaNasUrie syAdvAdamajarI nAmanI A TIkA lakhI che. AmAM paNa judAM judAM danAnI paryAleAcanApUrvaka syAdvAdanI nyAyayuktipUrvaka siddhi karI che. A grantha 3. A nA acchika viSaya tarIke muMbaI yunivarsiTIe mAnya karI dAkhala karyAM che. Anu bhASAMtara hiMdI tathA gujarAtImAM thayuM che. (c) anekAMtavAda pravezaH-- 23 720 zlokanA A saMskRta nyAya viSayanA grantha zrImad haribhadrasUrie vi. saM. chaThThI sadImAM lakhyA che. emAM paNa nyAyapUrvaka anekAMtavAdanuM nirUpaNa che. AnuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara prA. maNibhAIe karelu' prasiddha thayuM che. (d) leAkatattvaniNa yaH-- - te " pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacanaM yasya kAryastasya parigrahaH // "" A yAdagAra sUtro A granthamAM prakAzanAra zrI haribhadrasUrie vi. sa. ThThI sadImAM 100 zleAkapUra A grantha saMskRta kAvyarUpe prakAzyA che. tenA para eka savistara TIkA thayelI che, te nAza pAmI hAya ke kema paNa te hAtha AvatI

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jaina sAhitya 24 nathI. A mULa granthamAM mULarUpe ru-yajur e veda, tathA manusmRti, bhagavadgItA AdinA zloka avatArI tene pUrvAMpara virodha batAvI nyAyapuraHsara sadevanu nirUpaNa karyuM che. AnuM samULa bhASAMtara bhAvanagara 40 dha. prasAraka sabhAe prasiddha karyu. che. ityAdi. (3) jaina tattvajJAna. ( Philosophy ) (a ) tattvArthAdhigamaH-- A mULa grantha mAtra 225 gleAkapUra saskRta sUtrarUpe vi saM. doDha saikA pUrve (zrI vIrAt ceAthA saikAmAM) zrI umAsvAti vAcake racceA che; te para bhASya paNa te 2142 kSeAkapUra lakhyuM che. e sivAya bIjI paNa aneka vistRta TIkAo ( eka teA 84000 zlAka pramANu) racAi che; je jaina sAhityanA maLI AvatA saMskRta-prAkRta grantha vibhAgamAM nivedana karazuM. A mULa sUtro bhASya sAthe Bengal Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society tarathI mudrita thayAM che. enuM bhASAMtara " zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDaLa-muMbaI' taraphathI prasiddha thayu che. jaina tattvajJAna zuM che, enuM A graMthathI bahu sArI rIte jJAna thAya ema che. jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirA, madha ane mekSa enAM svarUpa vividha rIte sUkSma rIte AnuSagika vicAra sAthe batAvyAM che. A graMtha, tenI

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(3) jaina tattvajJAna (Philosophy) 25 sarvArthasididhaTIkA sAthe M. A. mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTIe bhASAvibhAgamAM dAkhala karyo che. (b) guNasthAnaka mAreha- saMskRta padyAtmaka mULa 134 kapUra 1250 kapUra TIkA sAthe zrI ratnazekharasUrie visaM. caudamI sadImAM lakhyo che. emAM Atma-guNazreNInAM krama-lakSaNa-dazA AdinuM nirUpaNa che. AtmA keTalI hada sudhI nirmaLatAujjavaLatAne pAme che, te lakSaNa-dazA Adi batAvanArI A guNazreNuM che. AnuM gujarAtI prasiddha thayuM che (c) karmagraMtha AmAM 1 karmavipAka, 2 baMdhastava Adi cha graMthe che. badhA prAkRtamAM che, TIkA saMskRtamAM che. pahelA pAMca zrI deveMdrasUrie "kama payaDI (karmaprakRti)," "paMcasaMgraha Adi vi. saM. bIjA sikAmAM racAyelA graMthane anusarI, temaja visaM. navamA saikAmAM zrIgargaSie racela prAcIna karmagraMthane anusarI, vi. saM. teramI sadImAM lakhyA che. e pAMcanI mULa prAkRta para2 gAthA che; te para piteja 11000 zlekapUra saMskRtamAM TIkA racI che, je gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che, te A TIkAnuM nahi, paNa bIjI TIkA zrI yazasemasUrie vi. saM, seLamAM saikAmAM karI che ane jenuM pramANa ethI vizeSa che, tenuM thayuM che. cha graMtha je "sattarI" (saptatikA 70)ne nAme oLakhAya che temAM mULa prAkRta gAthA 1 che, ane te zrI caMdraSi mahattare vi. saM. dazamA saikAmAM racela che, te savistara TIkAnA

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26 jaina sAhitya bhASAMtara sAthe prasiddha thaye che. AmAM karma eTale zuM? jIva te kevA kevA prakAre kevAM kAraNe bAMdhe che? tenI prakRtie zuM? te kevA kevA prakAre udaya Ave ? e vagerenuM sUma nirUpaNa karyuM che. jenone A parama sArarUpa tAtvika graMtha che hInakALa ege enA abhyAsIo bahu thaDA che. ityAdi. (4) dravyavicAra-Metaphysics. (a) dravyAnuyogatakaNAH-( gujarAtImAMthI saMskRtamAM racAyelo graMtha.) gujarAtI padamAM "dravyaguNa paryAya" ne rAsa vivaraNa sAthe zrI yazevijayagaNIe vi. saM. 1720 AsapAsamAM race che. A uparathI A graMtha saMskRtamAM 2000 zlekapUra zrIja paMDite race che; A gujarAtI vivaraNa sAthe rAsa tema ja A mULa graMthanuM bhASAMtara baMne prasiddha thayAM che. A graMthamAM jagatamAM vastutaH vastu (dravya padArtha) zuM che? tathA tenuM tathA te dravya jIva, pudgala, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, kAla, ane AkAza enA guNa, paryAya (viva7) e vagerenuM sUkSma nirUpaNa che. (b) bahada dravyasaMgraha A mULa graMtha prAkRta gAthAmAM 58 zlokane vi. saM. AThamI sadImAM hiMgaMbara zrI nemicaMdra siddhAMtIe racce che, tenA vi. saM. paMdaramI sadImAM zrI brahmadeve 2000 kapUra saMskRta TIkA lakhI che. A graMtha zrI paramakRta

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27 84192112 ( Metapbysics ) prabhAvaka maMDaLa-muMbaI taraphathI bhASAMtara sAthe prasiddha thaye che. AmAM dravyonuM, tenA guNaparyAyanuM, ya-heya-upAdeyanuM vyavahAra-nizcaya daSTie nirUpaNa kareluM che. A graMtha jayapuranA mahArAjAe jayapura saMskRta yunivarsiTImAM upAdhyAya padavInI parIkSA mATe niyata karyo che. (c) paMcAstikAya: A mULa graMtha prAkRtamAM zrI digaMbarI kuMdakuMdAcArye vi. saM. pahelA sikAmAM lakhe che. tenA para zrI amRtacaMdrasUrie vi. saM. dasamA sikAmAM saMskRta TIkA lakhI che. A graMtha paNa bhASAMtara sameta (b) pramANe prasiddha thaye thaye che. AmAM paNa jaganniSTha mULa dravyanuM, tenA guNasvabhAva, paryAnuM svarUpa nirUpyuM che. A vargamAM jaNAvelA A traNe graMtha bhinna bhinna rIte paNa eka ja daSTibiMduthI vastu tatvanuM nirUpaNa kare che, je tenA abhyAsIone ni:sIma AnaMda Ape che. ItyAdi. (5) adhyAtma coga - (a) adhyAtmasAra:- daMbhatyAga, mAnatyAga, vairAgyasvarUpa, vairAgyasaMbhava, samatA Adi aneka adhikAra yukta A graMtha AtmahitanA ananya kAraNarUpa che. saMskRta paghAtmaka 1300 zlokapUra

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28 jaina sAhitya zrImAnuM yazevijayagaNIe e graMtha vi. saM. 17rapa nA arasAmAM prakAra che. enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. (b) yogabiMdu bauddha, sAMkhya, vaidika yuganA svarUpanI svarUpataH ekyatAnI saMdhipUrvaka ganAM adhyAtmAdi judAM judAM aMgenuM nirUpaNa karanAra A saMskRta padyarUpa para0 zlokapUra graMtha zrI haribhadrasUrie pite ja racelI 36ra0 kapUra TIkA sAthe vi. saM. chaThThI sadImAM prakAra che. marahuma thro. maNibhAIe kareluM tenuM bhASAMtara zrI gAyakavADa taraphathI prasiddha thayuM che. A bhASAMtara mULanuM ja che; TIkAnuM nathI. (c) jJAnAva- 4000 zlokapUra A saMskRta padyAtmaka graMthamAM AtmAnAM astitva, nityatva Adi, jaDavastunAM aniyatvaasAratva Adi, jJAna, mitrI-prada Adi bhAvanA-anuprekSA, dharma-zukala dhyAnanAM svarUpa, tathA ceganA adhikAra e vagere Atmahitakara viSayanuM vivecana che. zrI zubhacaMdrAcA e graMtha vi. saM. sataramI sadImAM racyo che. digaMbara AmnAya che. hiMdI bhASAMtara AkhAnuM zrI parama zruta prabhAvaka maMDaLa-muMbaI taraphathI prasiddha thayuM che. emAMnA judA judA khaMDenuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara marahuma mI. vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI vagere taraphathI thayeluM prasiddha thayuM che. ST!

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adhyAtma yega (d) * samAdhizataka- A saMskRta padyAtmaka graMthamAM Adhi-vyAdhi-upAdhigrasta saMsAramAM muMjhAyelA jIve samAdhi, sAmyabhAva, (Equilibrium of mind) kema rAkhavAM, draSTArUpe kema rahevuM e vagerene adhikAra che. zrI prabhAcaMdrapUjya e graMtha vi. saM. teramI sadImAM lakhe che. enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara marahuma prA. maNibhAIe kareluM, temaja muni buddhisAgare kareluM baMne prasiddha thayAM che. (e) zAMta sudhArasa- zrI vinayavijaya gaNIe saMskRta vividha rAgarAgaNIvALI DhALamAM vi. saM. 1710 nA arasAmAM 300 zlokapUra A graMtha lakhe che. temAM jIvane samatA-zAMti upajAve, sadavicAra TekAve evI anityAdi bAra anuprekSAnuM, mithyAdi cAra bhAvanAnuM varNana che. gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. bIjuM vistAra yuktaka vivecana pUrvaka amArA taraphathI taiyAra thayuM che. * A parama samAdhirasamRya samAdhizatakanA kartA bA. pU. sazrInI kaMIka samajaphera thaI hoya ema lAge che. zrI prabhAcaMdra prastuta graMthanA TIkAkAra che, kartA nahiM; tenA kartA te suprasiddha zrI pUjyapAdasvAmI (apara nAma AcArya devanaMdi) che,jemanI tattvArthasUtra paranI "sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka pramANabhUta suvizada mikA paNa suprasiddha che.- bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI mahetA

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- - 30 jaina sAhitya (f) adhyAtma ka9pakuma- zAMtarAsanA kartA zrI munisuMdara sUrie A saMskRta padyAtmaka graMtha vi. saM. 1450 mAM lakhe che. te pAMca zlekapUra che. enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara pragaTa thayuM che. bIjuM savistara vivecana cuta bhASAMtara . rA.metIcaMda giradharabhAI kApaDIyA B. A. LL. B. (Solicitor) emaNe kareluM chapAya che. (g) adhyAtmapaniSada athavA gazAsa - bAra prakAzamAM saMskRta padyamAM pate ja karelI TIkA sAthe zrImadda hemacaMdrAcArye A graMtha vi. saM. bAramI sadImAM ra che. tattvajJAna, prakriyA, dhyAna, yoga, samAdhi e AdinuM nirUpaNa karanAra prAsaMgika yogapuruSonAM caritre sAthene A graMtha sAhitya-tatvarasika puruSe AnaMdaparvaka vAMcavA-vicAravA jevuM che. AnuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara zrI kezaravijayagaNI Adie kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. A - A zAMtasudhArasa mahArA pU. sad. pitAzrInA prazAMtarasamamaya apUrva bhAvavAhI vivecana sameta mahArA taraphathI agAu prasiddha thaI gayela che. AnI bIjI AvRtti paNa hAlamAM chapAI bahAra paDI che. zrI vinayavijayajI kRta A zAMtasudhArasanI viziSTa camatkRti te e che ke gItagoviMdamAM jema jayadeva kavie zragArarasapradhAna kAvyo geya paddhatie gUMthA che, tema atre zrI vinayavijaya kavie zAMtarasapradhAna kAvyo DhALabaddha geya paddhatie apUrva kaLAthI gUMcyA che -je saMskRta vADamayamAM kharekhara ! advitIya che. - bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI mahetA

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= adhyAtma ega graMtha 1200 zlokapUra che, enI TIkA 12000 zlekapura che; paNa e badhAnuM bhASAMtara nathI thayuM. ' (h; yogadaSTi samuccayaH A mULa saMskRta padyarUpa graMtha 233 lokapUra zrIharibhadrasUrie vi. saM. chaThThA zatakamAM lakhyo che. pite AtmaguNanI keTalI hade pahoMcyo che, amuka dazA-hada yogya zuM zuM bAhya-aMtara lakSaNe hovAM joIe e vagere tatvajijJAsu A graMthathI samajI zake ema che; arthAta e eka Thermometer rUpa graMtha che. emAM mitrA-tArA Adi yoganI ATha daSTinAM svarUpa, tathA dareka daSTimAM vartatA jIvanamAM zuM zuM lakSaNa-bedhAdi heya enuM nirUpaNa che. yoganAM aSTa aMga tathA bIja e vagere zrI pAtaMjalayoga darzananuM smaraNa karAve che. AnuM gujarAtI DhALarUpe bhASAMtara zrI yazavijayagaNIe vi. saM. 1720 nA arasAmAM karyuM cheH te prasiddha thayuM che. bIjuM mULagraMtha kartAe ja karelI 3000 zlekapUra TIkA sAthenuM bhASAMtara zrI muMbaI-paramakRta prabhAvaka maMDaLa taraphathI jAya che. (i) jJAnasAra - pUrNASTaka, jJAnASTaka, tapASTaka, vivekASTaka, samatASTaka Adi judAM judAM 32 aSTakane 260 kapUra A saMskRta padyarUpa graMtha zrI yazovijayagaNIe vi. saM. 1725 nA arasAmAM racyo che. tenA para paM. devacaMdrajIe savistara TIkA racI che, paNa mULanuM ja gujarAtI bhASAMtara vivecana

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32 jaina sAhitya sAthe marahuma mI. dIpacaMda chaganalAla zAha bI. e., emaNe kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. ItyAdi. (6) lokasvarUpa athavA vizvavyavasthA Universe; Comos. (a) lekaprakAza:-- A mULa graMtha saMskRtamAM 17622 zlokapUra zrI vinayavijayagaNIe vi. saM. 1708 mAM racyo che. emAM vizvavyavasthA, jaMbudvIpa-bharatakSetra, svarga-naraka, Urtha--adha -tiryaloka, tiSa, khagoLa-bhUgoLa e Adi gaNita vicAra aMge jeno zuM mAnInatA dharAve che tenuM bArika varNana che. tenA pUrva bhAganuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara 50 hIrAlAla haMsarAje kareluM mULa sAthe prasiddha thayuM che. (b) jabudvIpa saMgrahaNI -- A mULa graMtha prAkRta 313 gAthAyukta malladhArI caMdrasUrie vi. saM. teramI sadImAM lakhe chete para saMskRta TIkA 3500 zlokapUra te ja arasAmAM malladhArI devabhadrasUrie lakhI che. AmAM paNa (a) mujaba viSaya che. gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. - ItyAdi.

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33 nIti : nATake (7) nIti-Rules of Society, Court &c. or Social Ethics. (a) ahastrItiH hiMdu dharmamAM mitAkSarA, manusmRti AdinAM sUtro che, tevAM nItinAM sUtrorUpa A graMtha saMskRta kAvyarUpe 1400 zlekapUra zrImad hemacaMdrasUrie vi. saM. bAramA saikAmAM lakhe kahevAya che. tenuM bhASAMtara 50 hIrAlAla haMsarAje kareluM, temaja mI. maNilAla nabhubhAI dozI bI. e., emaNe kareluM baMne prasiddha thayAM che. AmAM 24 prakaraNa che, ane e dareka ekeka tIrthakaranI tema cevize viza tIrthakaranI stutirUpe che, Ama A stutirUpa graMthamAM AzcaryakAraka rIte ukta nIti dAkhavI che. (b) buddhisAgara A graMtha (a) je nathI; tathApi emAM sArvajanika upayogI dharma, sAmAnya nIti, gRha, rAjya, vyavahAra AdinAM sUtro che. e mULa saMskRtamAM 400 zlokapUra che. vi. saM. 1520 mAM mAMDavagaDha (maMDapadurga) nA navAba mujapharakhAnA khajAnacI saMgrAmasiMha nI, jeNe 36000 suvarNa mahera kharca zrI bhagavatI sUtranI prata lakhAvI hatI, teNe race che. AnuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara kaeN maNibhAIe kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. ityAdi.

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jaina sAhitya (8) nATake:(a) nibhaya bhImavyAyeAga - A nATaka zrI hemacaMdrasUrinA ziSya rAmacaMdrasUrie racyuM che, emAM karUNArasa pradhAna che, bhIe karelI draupadInI rakSA vagere vastusaMkalanA che. gotra nArAyaNabhArathI yazavaMtabhArathIe nATakarUpe ja kareluM AnuM bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. A rAmacaMdrasUrinA bIjA aneka graMthe che, tema nATaka paNa che, je saMskRtamAM hastakSekharUpe pATaNa AdinA bhaMDAramAM vidyAmAna che. ceDAM nAma - (1) kaumudI nATaka . . . .. pATaNa bhaMDAra (2) nala vilAsa nATaka ... ... ... ba. TI. (3) prabaMdha rauhiNeya nATaka ... ... pATaNa. (4) dhu vilAsa nATaka (A ghaNuM moTuM che.) Dec. College Library; Reported by Dr. Peterson). (5) rAghavAkyudaya nATaka (daza aMka) ... bahata TI (b) karUNAvAyudha - A nATaka saMskRtamAM 500 zlokapUra bIjA haribhadrasUrinA ziSya bAlacaMdrasurie vi. saM. teramI sadImAM lakhyuM che. AmAM paNa karUNArasa pradhAna che. jaina maMtrI vastupAlanI preraNAthI lakhAyAnuM sUtradhAranA mukhathI nATakakAra jaNAve che. AnuM paNa gujarAtI nATakarUpe bhASAMtara (a)nA bhASAMtara kAre kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. A tathA () nATaka tathA A

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jyotiSa-kALajJAna-nimitta Adi 35 kartAnAM bIjAM nATake paNa pATaNa AdinA bhaMDAramAM che. A sivAya jenuM bhASAMtara nathI thayuM evAM bIjAM pracalita skUlo ane kolejomAM upagamAM AvatAM nATake paNa na lekhakenAM racelAM che, je saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAgamAM jaNAvazuM. ItyAdi. (9) jayotiSa-kALajJAna-nimitta Adi- (Astrology, Science &c. ). (a) bhadrabAhu saMhitA A graMtha jainene apUrva jyotiSane graMtha che, A graMtha zrIvIrAta trIjA sikAmA (vi. saM. pUrve deha varase) zrI bhadrabAhu svAmIe racyuM che. A bhadrabAhu varAhIsaMhitAthI oLakhAtA varAhamihiranA saMsArapakSe bhAI hatA. bane bhAIoe tinI saMhitAo racI che. jenu gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayela che, tene nAma te bhadrabAhusaMhitA ApavAmAM AvyuM che, paNa te te hoya e saMzayAtmaka che. janene e apUrva tine grantha keIka ThekANe ja maLe che. prastuta bhASAMtara tathA (7) mAM vibhAga (a) ahaMnItinA kartA aMge paNa sazayasaMpanna vAta che. (b) vivekavilAsa B. AmAM bhASAvibhAgamAM ecchika viSaya tarIke muMbaI

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36 jaina sAhitya yunivarsiTIe niyata karela A graMtha dAdA nAmathI oLakhAtA zrI jinadattasUrie vi. saM. agyAramI sadImAM lakhyo che. emAM judA judA viSaye paikI A vibhAgane viSaya paNuM che. 1400 zlokapUra e saMskRta padyagraMtha che. gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. e mULa graMtha upara 10000 zlokapUra TIkA zrI bhAnucaMdragaNue vi. sa. 1971 mAM lakhelI pATaNa-amadAvAdamAM mejuda che. A sivAya A kartAnA meghamALA vicAra, zakuna vicAra Adi A vibhAganA stha bhASAMtararUpe prasiddha thayA che. meghamALAmAM sUrya--caMdra-nakSatrAdi kevI sthitimAM hoya, meghanAM kevAM garjana-varNa Adi heya, AkAzamAM kevAM raMga Adi hoya te varasAda Ave, na Ave e vagerenA judI judI bAbatenA vicAre che. ScienceNuM gaurava jANanAre A viSayane hemarUpa gaNI kADhI nAMkhavA gya nathI; paNa scientifically, padArthavijJAnanI zAstrIya rIte enA gupta bheda-saMketa-(Esoterics) zodhI kADhavA mathavuM joIe che. padArthavijJAnIya grantha jaina bhaMDAremAM che, jenI "jena granthAvalI" jevAthI khabara paDavA gya che. ityAdi. (10) padezika (a) catudazaraNa tathA AturapratyAkhyAna prakaraNa - - A baMne prAkRtamAM che, tenI anukrame 64 ane 84

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aupadezika grantha gAthA che; leka 80 ane 100 che. e visaM. pUrve pAMcamAM sikAmAM zrI mahAvIradevanA hastadIkSita ziSya zrI vIrabhadra racelA che, evuM TIkAkAra jaNAve che. A grantha janAgamanA "payannA (prajJA)" rUpe oLakhAya che. AnAM bhASAMtara prasiddha thayAM che. emAM maraNonmukha jIvane zAMti maLavA, jIvana sArthaka karavA kevI AMtaru vRtti rAkhavI joIe, zuM zuM sadvicAra karavA joIe, te tathA pApanI AlocanApUrvaka niMdA-garlo, kSamAyAcanA, satkRtanI anumadanA, sava-saddhamanuM zaraNa grahaNa, e vagere tathA vAstavika rIte je vastu pitAnI nathI, ane je choDyA vinA chuTake nathI e vagere dehAdi parathI mehabhAva utAravArUpa viratinAM upadeza-vidhi che. (b) saMbaMdha sattarI (saptatikA) - seyaMbaro AsaMbaro vA buddho ahavA anno vaa| . samabhAvabhAvI appA, lahaI mukhkhaM na saMdeho // arthAta game te zvetAMbara haya, game te digaMbara hoya, game te bauddha heya athavA game te anya hoya, paNa jo te AtmA samabhAvI, samadarzI heya te te pakSa pAme emAM sadeha nathI-e hadayamAM kerI rAkhavA gya sUtrathI zarU thata A prAkRta grantha vi. saM. chaThThI sadImAM zrI haribhadrasUrie lakhyo che. sArUM eTaluM ApaNuM, sAcuM eTaluM ApaNuM, matamatAMtarajALa, kadAgraha-durAgaha,-e ApaNAM nahi, satyanI siddhi asatyanI nahi ja, evA rUpe lakhAyalA graMtho upakArI che. AnuM bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che.

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38 jaina sAhitya (c) upadezamALA: A mULa graMtha prAkRtamAM 544 gAthAne che; zrI dharmadAsagaNue racyo che. pracalita mAnInatA evI che, ke e kartA paNa (a)nA kartAnI peThe zrI vIrabhagavAnanA hastadIkSita ziSya hatA. paNa mULa granthamAM sUcita thate aitihAsika bhAga (Historical allusions) jotAM e mAnInatA amane asaMmajasa lAge che, ane ethI ema anumAnAya che, ke vi. saM. bIjA sikA pachI A kartA thayA. AmAM gRhastha tathA sAdhugya vividha Atmahitakara bedha che. A grantha upara vi0 naM0 navamA saikAthI mAMDI aDhAramAM saikA sudhImAMnA judA judA sAdhu-AcAryoe racela judI judI vRtti-TIkA Adi cauda graMtho judA judA bhaMDAremAM hastalekharUpe maLI Ave che. eka te zatA eTale eka gAthAnA hai artha evI che. A mULanuM bhASAMtara thayuM che; ane vi. saM. 1720 mAM zrI rAmavijayagaNIe karelI 7600 zlekapUra saMskRta TIkA sAthe A graMthanuM bhASAMtara bhAvanagara jai dha prasAraka sabhA taraphathI chapAya che. * A upadezamAlAnA kastI dharmadAsagarNanA samaya paratve etihAsika daSTie sardazrI manasukhabhAIe prakhara ciMtanamaya saMzedhanAtmaka abhyAsapUrNa lekhamALA lakhela, te tatkAlIna "jainadharma prakAza' mAsikamAM chapAyela hatI; A lekhamALAe tasamaye vidvAnemAM ghaNo uhApoha ane rasa jagADela, -bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAi mahetA

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aupadezika grantha (d) vairAgyazataka - saMsAra tApathI akaLAyalA jIvane parama zAMtarasathI zItaLa karanAra, saMsArasanityatA upadezanAra A zataka se prAkRta gAthAnuM jaina zAstromAMthI udbhareluM gujarAtImAM anuvAdita thaI prasiddhi pAmyuM che. (e) zagAravairAgyataraMgiNI - visaM. caudamI sadImAM thayelA zrI samaprabhasUrie A saMskRta kAvya lakhyuM che. eka ja zlokamAM zRMgAranI vAta karI tene pharI te ja spekamAM vairAgyarUpe pariNamAvavAnI zilI A graMthamAMnA badhA zlokamAM dhyAna kheMce evI che. janmathI ja vairAgyazIla athavA satsaMga-baMdha ge varAgyazIla thayelane te vairAgya anukULa hoyaja; paNa zRMgAramAM rAcI-mAcI paDayA hoya tene A zaMgArataraMgiNI vAMcatAM vairAgyanA taraMge Ave e A graMtha che. AnuM bhASAMtara mudrita thayuM che. () upamiti bhava prapaMcaH aneka vakhata bauddhamAM palaTI gayelA, chevaTe hari. bhadrasUrinI "lalita vistarA vRtti" (graMtha) thI baMdha pAmelA zrI siddhaSie vi. saM. 99ra mAM saMskRta kAvyAtmaka 16000 zlokano A graMtha lakhyuM che. Bengal Branch of the R. A. Society e A graMtha prasiddha karyo che. AnuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara solIsITara rA. motIcaMda kApaDIyAe kareluM kaTake kaTake prasiddha thatuM jAya che. AmAM * A vAta A (f) graMthamAM che.

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40. jaina sAhitya bhavaprapaMcanuM upamArUpe, nATakarUpe varNana che. bhava-saMsAra e eka nATaka che; temAM judI judI gatimAMthI AvelA judA judA cha mahAdinA preryA navanavA veSa bhajave che; e Adi AtmAtha-mumukSuone vAMcavA-vicAravA lAgya A graMtha che. (g) prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi * A graMtha paNa (f)nI zailI che. emAM meha (AsurI saMpatti) ane viveka (daivI saMpatti)nAM svarUpa, tenAM paraspara yuddha, aMte mehane parAjaya, vivekane vijaya e AdinAM kalipata caritrAtmaka aupadezika nirUpaNa che. mULa graMtha saM. kA.mAM 2032 zlekabaddha vi. saM. 146mAM zrI jayazekhara sUri -(1) vibhAganA (m) kumArasaMbhavanA kartA-emaNe race che. enuM gujarAtI DhALarUpe " mahavivekanone rAsa, e nAme bhASAMtara zrIdharmamaMdira gaNIe vi. saM. 1781 mAM kareluM prasiddha thayuM che. bIjuM bhASAMtara zrI kezaravijayagaNIe kareluM paNa bhAvanagara jaina dha. pra. sabhA taraphathI hamaNuM prakaTa thayuM che. (b) samarAditya caritra - - "pitAnA ziSyane boddhoe mArI nAMkhela jANI nibiDa krodhAvezamAM AvI jaI vidyAbaLathI bauddhone haNI nAMkhavA pravartelA, paNa gurUnI aupadezika gAthAo sAMbhaLatAM upazAMtakodha thayela zrIharibhadrasUrie e ke dhAvezanA prAya * A vAta paNa A graMthamAM che. '

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dharma vizeSa; sAmAnya dharma 41 zcitarUpe e ja aupadezika gAthAone avalakhI 10000 prAkRta gAthAma... A caritra lakhyuM che. emAM vara, krodha, kaSAyanAM kaTu phaLa AdinuM varNana che. AnuM samarAditya rAsa " e nAme gujarAtI vividha DhALeArUpe bhASAMtara zrIpadmavijayagaNIe vi. sa'0 1842mAM raceluM prasiddha thayuM che. AvAM aneka saMskRta-prAkRta caritrAne bhASAMtararUpe athavA e ciratrAnA mULa bhAva AvI jAya evI chUTI zailIe rAsArUpe chellI cAra sadImAM thayelA jaina sAdhuoe gujarAtImAM avatAryAM che; je jaina granthAvalI " uparathI mULa saMskRta-prAkRtarUpe, ane A lekhanA prAMte TAMkelI chApelI rAsAnI yAdI uparathI gujarAtIrUpe oLakhI zakAya ema che. svaparahita mATe gharamAra tyAgI niHsIma puruSArtha karanArA A jaina sAdhue prati ApaNane avazya mAnadhanyavAdanI lAgaNI raze. HH ityAdi. O " (11) dha vizeSa; sAmAnya dha (a) dha biduH---- A mULa graMtha saMskRta sUtrarUpe ra73 zleAkapUra zrI haribhadrasUrie vi. saM. chaThThA saikAmAM racela che. tenA para vi. saM. mAramI sadImAM thayelA zrI municaMdrasUrie 3000 zyAkapUra TIkA racI che. AmAM ATha adhyAya che. prathama adhyAyamAM sadanasaMmata sAmAnya dharmanuM nirUpaNa

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jaina sAhitya che; pachI zrAvagya vratavizeSAdi vizeSa dharma, yatidharma e vagerenuM nirUpaNa che. zAstrI rAmacaMdra nAnAthe kareluM AnuM bhASAMtara mudrita thayuM che. (b) puruSArthasiddhiupAya athavA jinapravacanarahasyaSa- A mULa saMskRta padyarUpa 32 zlokane gratha zrI amRtacaMdrasUrie vi. saM. dazamA sikAmAM racyuM che. emAM nizcayapUrvaka vyavahAradharmanuM, puruSa eTale zuM? puruSane artha eTale zuM? enI siddhi eTale zuM? ane e puruSArthasiddhi kema thAya? e AdinuM jainadharmasvarUpAnusAra jhINI rIte nirUpaNa karyuM che. anuvAdita A graMtha prasiddha thayela che. A graMtha digaMbara AmnAya che. (c) zrAvaka prajJapti -- A mULa saMskRta graMtha vinsa. pUrve bIjA saikAmAM thayelA zrI umAsvAti vAcaka,-(3) vibhAganA (2) tavArthAdhigamanA kartA-emaNe racyuM che. A mULanuM bhASAMtara mudrita thayuM che. (d) prazamarati - A gaMtha paNa (C)nA kartA zrI umAsvAti vAcakane che. mULa saMskRta 313 zleka che. te para vi. saM. 1185 mAM bIjA haribhadrasUrie vivaraNa lakhyuM che. Bengal Branch of the R. A. Society taraphathI A gaMtha mudrita thaye che gujarAtI bhASAMtara paNa mULanuM prasiddha thayuM che.

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21/841: Rituals (e) dharmaratna prakaraNa - A mULa prAkRta 181 gAthAne gaLye, zrI zAMti sUrie vi.saM. bAramI sadImAM lakhyo che tenA para 10000 lekapUra TIkA zrI deveMdrasUrie vi. saM. teramI sadImAM lakhI che. AmAM nyAyavibhava (Honest Earnings) e dharmamArganuM paheluM pagaluM che, evA mArgonusArInA guNa, dravya (formal) tathA bhAva (real) zrAvakanA guNa, dravyasAdhu tathA bhAvasAdhunA guNa e vagerenuM daSTAMta sAthe varNana che. pAlItANA jaina vidyAprasAraka varga taraphathI AnuM bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che. ItyAdi. (12) prakiyA -Rituals. (a) zrAddhavidhi athavA vidhikaumudI vRtti - A mULa grantha mAtra 17 gAthAne prAkRtamAM che. tenApara vidhikaumudI nAmanI TIkA zrI ratnazekharasUrie vi saM. 1506mAM 6761 zlekapUra racI che. AmAM gRhasthanA AcAra, teonI divasasaMbaMdhI, rAtrisabaMdhI, parva sabaMdhI janmathI mAMDI maraNaparyata saMbaMdhI zuM ane kevI carcA hovI joIe, te tathA potapotAnA dharmamAM rahI AvazyakaSakriyA (karma) kevI rIte karavAM joIe, tene tathA zuddha vyavahAra dharmane jhINe bedha che. AnuM bhASAMtara "jaina" patra taraphathI temaja bIjA be sthaLethI prasiddha thayuM che.

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jaina sAhitya (b) AcAra pradIpa:- A graMtha paNa zrI ratnazekharasUrie vi saM. 1516 mAM 4000 zlekapUra vacce che; saMskRtamAM che, mULa tathA bhASAMtara baMne prasiddha thayAM che. bhASAMtara (ghaNuM karI) zAstrI rAmacaMdra dInAnAthe karyuM che. (c) AcAra dinakara - mULa 12500 zlekapUra A saMskRta grantha vi. saM. caudamI sadImAM zrI jayAnaMda sUrinA ziSya vaddhamAnasUrie racelo che. AmAM gRhasthonA AcAra dharmanuM vigate varNana che. jemAM hiMdu dharmamAM (brAhmaNemAM) janmathI mAMDI maraNa parvatanA garbha, sImaMta, janma, annaprAzana, upavIta, vivAha Adi saMskaraNa vidhi che, tema janemAM paNa tevA soLa saMskAra che. jenuM vidhianuSThAnapUrvaka vigate varNana A granthamAM che. A granthane A vibhAga zrImad AtmArAmajIe vi.sa. 1952mAM racelA "jaina tatva nirNaya prAsAda"mAM bhASAMtararUpe uddhA che. * ItyAdi. atre gujarAtI vibhAga upasaMhAra pAme che. sAhityanA judA judA aMgabhUta viSaya gaNa, te te viSayane lagatA saMskRta-prAkRta jaina grantha, je bhASAMtararUpe gujarAtImAM avataraNa pAmelA che, tenI savistara chatAM TuMka ane apUrNa neMdha atre lIdhI che. sAhityanA A judA

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- - jaina graMthAvalI ane pustaka bhaMDAra judA pradezanA jainetara grantha prAyaH prasiddhi pAmyA che. A naMdhamAM jaNAvelA graMthe ekI vakhate badhAne upayogI thaI zake ema nathI; tathApi pratyeka judA judA viSayanA grantha pratyeka judI judI prakRti-vRtti-dazAvALA puruSone upayogI thavA gya che. jenA paribhASAthI ajANa vidvAnane paNa kadAca kaMTALo Avaze, e bhaya rahe che. paNa hAla turata nirUpAyatA che. jaina pAribhASika zabdakeSa javAnuM keI karaze, te mahad upakAra thaze. evA pAribhASika zabdo yathArtha na samajAyAthI eN maNibhAI vagere, jeoe keTalAka jaina graMthanAM bhASAMtara karI jaina sAhitya prakAzamAM ApyuM che, teo paNa kavacit kavacit jUnAdhika ke viparIta, ke asamaMjasa artha karavAnI bhUla karI gayA che. saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAgajaina graMthAvalI ane pustaka bhaMDAre digaMbarI sAhitya gujarAtI vibhAga karatAM A vibhAga ghaNA moTA vistAravALe che; chatAM vistArabhayathI kaI keInI upayukta neMdha laI avaziSTa bhAga TuMkamAM patAvazuM. e avaziSTa tathA samagra bhAga mATe ame "jana granthAvalI" jevAnI A viSayanA jijJAsune bhalAmaNa karazuM. A granthAvalI

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jaina sAhitya hamaNAMja jaina zvetAMbara konpharansa taraphathI bahAra paDI che. emAM kaoNnpharansanI zarUAtathI atyAra sudhImAM zodhAyelA cAra-pAMca bhaMDAremAMnA jana granthanI yAdI chApI che. e yAdI mAtra saMskRta-prAkRta granthanI che. emAM viSayavAra varga karyA che;-e, g.(1) AgamasUtre, TIkA Adi sAthe. (2) vAya. (3) vAdasthaLa. (4) prakriyA. (5) upadeza. (6) tatvajJAna. (7) caritra. (8) kathAo. (9) kAvya. (10) vyAkaraNa. (11) alaMkAra (12) vijJAna. ItyAdi. ane pratyeka grantha aMge tenuM nAma, tenI patra ke ka saMdhyA, tenA kartAnuM nAma, te racAyAnI vi. saM. miti, ane te hastalekha kyAM che? te tathA jarUragya phuTaneTa. lagabhaga pAMcaso pAnAnI A pherIsta che. aDhI hajAra varasa purve thI aDhAramI sadI sudhImAM racAyelA saMskRta-prAkRta granthonI AmAM nedha che, chatAM e noMdha apUrNa che. judA judA badhA bhaMDAre zodhI zakAya, te bIjA ghaNAM grantha prakAzamAM AvavAno saMbhava che. jesalamera, pATaNa, amadAvAdanA be bhaMDAra, lIMbaDI ane khaMbhAtanA zA. nagInadAsanA bhaMDAromAMnA granthanuM A lIsTa moTe bhAge che. A sivAya amadAvAdamAM bIjA bhaMDAra che, te vagere je zedhavAmAM Avaze, te bIjA pratye paNa prakAzamAM AvavA saMbhava che. mAravADamAM meDatA, jodhapura Adi sthaLoe paNa jabare samUha pustakone che. TheTha kAzmIramAM jAmmamAM prAcIna pustakane bhavya bhaMDAra

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digaMbarI sAhitya 47 zrata thaye che. karNATakamAM kaujevarama pAse digaMbarI jene prAcIna graMthone jabare bhaMDAra che; sAMbhaLyuM che, ke tyAM 36000 tADapatra para lakhelAM pustake mojuda che. pUrvakALamAM thaI gayelA e tyAgI mahAtmAonAM puruSArtha baLa ane ekAgra kAryadhA joI sAnaMdAzcarya prema-bhakti skure che. ame A lekhamAM je granthonI noMdha lIdhI che, te prAyaH - tAMbara saMpradAyanA che, temaja upara je "jaina granthAvalI" nI sUcanA karI che, temAMnA grantha paNa prAyaH eja AmnAyanA che. digabara sAdhuoe paNa e anupameya, abhivaMdanIya puruSArtha judI judI svara kalyANakArI sAhityadhArA varasAvavA, TekAvavArUpe karyo che. atre to enI upakAra ane abhinaMdana mAtra rUpa noMdha levAnuM bane ema che. sthAnakavAsI saMpradAyanA graMtha jevAmAM nathI AvatA. digaMbara AmnAyanA gujarAtImAM kavacit ja hoya che; nathI ja. (1) prAcIna jaina vyAkaraNe. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa - pANinivyAkaraNa hAla prAcInamAM prAcIna gaNAya che. paNa ethI paNa prAcIna vyAkaraNa che, ane te mudrita thayuM che, e jANI aitihAsika draSTie jenAra sAhityapremIne AnaMda thaze. A vyAkaraNa maharSi zAkaTAyananuM che. A zAkaTAyana jena hatA, ane eo pANininI pUrve thayA che, evA purAvA ApaNane maLe che. pANini pitAnAM vyAkaraNa

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48 jaina sAhitya sUtromAM zAkaTAyananA vyAkaraNanI zAkha Ape che - trimUripu rAvadAyanastha" (jaina tattva nirNaya prAsAda pR. 229) Ama jotAM vyAkaraNakAra zAkaTAyana pANininI pUrve hatA. ane semadeva bhaTTanA kathAsaritsAgara, tathA pANininA kaumudI vyAkaraNa paranI saralA TIkA (tArAnAtha takavAcaspati kRta), ane bAbu zivaprasAda C. I. E. kRta ItihAsatimiranAzaka, A traNe anusAra pANini vi. saM. pUrve bIjA saikAmAM navanaMdanA rAjyamAM thayA. Ama jotAM zAkaTAyana te arasAmAM athavA te pahelAM thayA hevA jAIe. e game tema hoya paNa A gaNatrIe ochAmAM e bAvIsa varasa pahelAMnuM, pANininA vyAkaraNa pahelAMnuM jaina zAdAyana vyAkaraNa maLI Ave che. zAkaTAyana jaina hatA? prazna thaze ke zAkaTAyana jaina hatA enI zuM khAtrI? AnA mATe traNa purAvA che - (a) A zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa Madras Presidency College nA Principal Prof. Gustav Operto, emaNe saMpAdita karI prasiddha karyuM che tenI prastAvanA uparathI. (b) A zAkaTAyana pitAnA nyAsamAM ( nyAsa, zabdAnuzAsana, vyAkaraNa e badhA eka arthane judA judA paryAye che e vidvAnane suvidita che.) maMgala prAraMbhamAM janenA carama tIrthakara zrI mahAvIra devane namaskAra kare che. zrIvAmRta coti rAri sarvasAmu ".

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prAcIna jana vyAkaraNe zAkaTAyana siddhahema Adi 49 arthAt sarva jJAnamAM mukhya, amRtati (kevala jJAnI) evA zrIvIrane namaskAra karIne. (c) zabdAnuzAsanakAra zAkaTAyane "strImukti kevali bhuti? e grantha racyo che, evuM bahaTippanikAkAra jaNAve che. A grantha digaMbara-tAMbara e baMnene-"strIne mukti heya ke nahi?" ane "kevalajJAnIne ApaNe kavalAhAra laIe chie e AhAra hoya ke nahiM ??.e matabhedarUpa viSane heI jainane che. AthI samajAya che, ke zAkaTAyana jaina hatA, ane te pANininI pUrve thayA. A zAkaTAyanA vyAkaraNa hAla maLI AvatAM vyAkaraNamAM prAcInamAM prAcIna che. jeka ane buddhisAgara vyAkaraNe tyAra pachI egaNIzamI sadI sudhImAM aneka saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNe judA judA jaina sAdhuoe racyAM che; te jainagrasthAvalI jevAthI mAlUma paDaze. emAMthI ame vi.saM. bAramI sadImAM thayelA suprasiddha zabdAnuzAsanakAra zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanAM tathA bIjAM be vyAkaraNanI noMdha lezuM. jene ane buddhisAgara vyAkaraNanuM smaraNa mAghakavi zizupAlavadhakAvyanA bIja sarganA 11ra mA zlokamAM kare che. A jeneMdra vyAkaraNa jesalameranA bhaMDAramAM temaja Asiatic societynI muMbaInI lAyabrerImAM mojuda che. A ane zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa baMne prAcInamAM prAcIna che. kahevAya che ke jeneMdra vyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa karatAM paNa prAcIna che. A baMne vyAkaraNe upara digaMbara tathA zvetAMbara bane 4

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50 jaina sAhitya pakSanA sAdhuoe judI judI vistArapUrvaka vRttio (TIkAo) jude jude vakhate lakhI che, jenA hastalekhe e banne saMpradAyanA bhaMDAramAM vidyamAna che. buddhisAgara" vyAkaraNa buddhisAgarasUrie vi. saM. agyAramA sikAmAM, mAghanA zizupAlavadha lakhAyAnI pUrve, 7000 kapUra lakhyuM che. siddhahema vyAkaraNu-gurjarabhUpALa siddharAja jayasiMhanI preraNAthI zrI hemacaMdrAcAryo A vyAkaraNa lakhyuM che. tenAM mULa 1100 kapUra sUtra che, te muMbaInI R. A. Society nI lAyabrerImAM che, A mULa sUpara eka lAkha kapUra vRtti pite ja racI hatI, temAMnI 84000 kapUra bRhad vRtti khaMDa khaMDa jude jude sthaLethI maLI zake che. A samagra grantha keI bhaMDAramAM nathI. pUrva mahApuruSo akhaMDa puruSArtha dAkhavI gayA; paNa teonI kRtio paNa kALacakanA sapATAmAM, deza paranA judA judA viplavemAM taNAI gaI! viccheda gaI ! A siddhahema vyAkaraNa sAMbhaLI keIe udgAra kADhe che ke - "bhrAtaH saMvRNu pANinipralapitaM kAtaMtrakathA vRthA, "mAkArSIH kaTuzAkaTAyanavacaH kSudreNa cAMdreNa kim / "kva kaMThAbharaNAdibhirbaTharatyAtmAnamanyarapi, "te cari tArthamapurA zrImoyada ", arthAt-he bhAI! A madhura arthavALI zrI hemacaMdranI Ukti sAMbhaLI che, te have te mane pANininI ukti pralApa

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prAkRta eTale zuM? tenA bheda rUpa lAge che te tuM baMdha kara, kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa te vRthA kaMthA (junI godaDI) jevuM lAge che; have zAkaTAyananuM vacana kaTu lAge che te tuM have bela nahIM; have te kSudra lAgatA evA caMdra vyAkaraNathI sayuM; tema kaMThAbharaNAdi anya vyAkaraNathI paNa have AtmAne zA mATe pIDa? ApaNane te A siddhahema vyAkaraNane anubhava nathI; paNa A siddhahemanI prazaMsAyukta udgAra dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevA che. (2) prAkRta eTale zuM? ane tenA bheda aMge jainAcAryonuM zuM kahevuM che? - rudraTane alaMkArane grantha vidvAnone paricita che. tenA para vRtti 4000 zlekapUra keI namicaMdra sAdhue lakhI che. A mudrita thaI che. e upara Tippana paNa kaI jaina bhikSue 1000 zlokapUra lakhyuM che. temAM jaNAvyuM che ke - "prAkRtasaMskRtamAgapizAcabhASAzca zUrasenI ca / "sSTotra mUrimelo ravipAvapazvaraH zA" (1) prAkRta (2) saMskRta (3) mAgadha (4) pizAca (5) zaurasenI ane dezavizeSane laI badavALI (6) apabhraMza. bhASAone A krama che. A zlokanI vyAkhyAmAM "prAkRta"ne artha A pramANe Ape che -- "sakalajagajaMtUnAM vyAkaraNAdibhiranAhitasaMskAraH sahajo bacanavyApAraH prakRtiH / tatra bhabA saiva praakRtaa||"

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jaina sAhitya arthAt vyAkaraNAgninA jenA upara saMskAra nathI thayA evI jaganA jIvAnI saheje thayelI vacanapravRtti te prakRti; ane te prakRtine anusaratI te prAkRta. A prAkRta pachI vyAkaraNAdinA saMskAra pAmI saMskRta thaI, te paNa pAchI judA judA dezanI thatAM mAgadhI, paizAcikI, zaurasenI thaI; ane temAM paNa dezavizeSanA saMskAra thatAM bahubhedavALI apabhraMza thatAM apabhraMza bhASA kahevAI. jaina Agame prAkRtamAM racAyAM te "sattavapatta vyApAra sana vaSana vyApAra" ne anusarIne; tema temAM gahana artha samAI zakatA hovAthI; temaja mAla, strI-mUDha-mUkha AdinI e bhASA heAvAthI arthAt vyAkaraNAdinA saMskAra pAmyA vinAnI e bALa AdinI bhASA heAvAthI. pANini, vararuci, temaja jainAcAryae enI saMdhi joDavA prAkRta vyAkaraNanI racanA karI che. prAkRtanA bhedaH prAkRta traNa prakAranI cheH-- cr pura (1) samasa MskRta prAkRta. (2) tajjA prAkRtaH (sa MskRta parathI thayelI. ) (3) dezI prAkRtaH zrI hemacaMdrasUrinI dezInAmamAlA, zrI pAdaliptasaranI dezInAmAmAlA, zrI tara galAlA e vagere A prAkRta. yunivarsiTImAM prAkRtane sthAna-- jaina graMthAvalI " parathI prAkRta-sa MskRta jaina sAhitya pratIta thAya ema che. saMskRta sAhitya ghaNuM che; paNa prAkRta sAhitya te tethI paNa vizeSa che; ane e paNa jenA vAMdhe

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53 jainenA sArvajanika sAhityaviSayaka lekha levAmAM Ave athavA je gRhasthane niSiddha che, te jana Agama sUtro nahi; paNa prakIrNa graMthe kAvya, caritre, nyAya, tatvajJAna, vyAkaraNAdi; Ama che tee bhavya sAhityanA uddhAra-pracAra-prakAza khAtara kevaLa sAhityanA premanI khAtara tene saMskRtanI peThe, AvatA pahelavInI peThe, hAIskula-kelejemAM niyata karAvavA sAhityapremI vidvAnee "ApApara (mArUM tArUM" choDI daI bahAra AvavAne nirIha prayAsa karavAno vakhata AvI lAge che, jenenA sArvajanika sAhityaviSayaka lekhe (4) jaina lekhakane puruSArtha dharmaviSayaka lekho lakhavAmAM parisamApta thatuM nathI e paNa e graMthAvalI javAthI samajAya ema che. judA judA sArvajanika, AnuSaMgika viSaye paNa teoe hAtha dharyA che. thoDAM nAma jaNAvI A viSaya samApta karazuM. spaSTa kahevAnI jarUra nathI, ke A badhAM sAhitye sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte theDuM ke jhA piSaNa gujarAtI sAhityane ApyuM che. nATako- nATaka - jaina lekhake- daLa - anartha rAghava athavA jinaharSagaNi 355 leka murAri. nAgAnaMda nATaka harSadevagaNi. ratnAvalI nATikA, 2000 kaleka, prabodhacaMdrodayavRtti. ratnarazekharasUri. 900 , viddhazAlabhaMjikA, rAjazekharasUri. 1000 ,,

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54 jaina sAhitya ItyAdi nATake mudrita che; pracalita che; zALA, mahAzALAmAM cAle che e jaina kavionI kRtio che. itara sAhityakAdaMbarI TIkA. siddhicaMdra. che, paNa, maMDanamaMtrI, kirAtAjuna TIkA. vinayavijaya vi. saM. 1710) | 7500 leka. kumArasaMbhava TIkA. vijayagaNI. 3000 che mAghakAvya TIkA. vallabhadeva. zizupAlavadha TIkA. cAritravaddhana, raghuvaMza TIkA. guNavijaya. ItyAdi. vizeSa mATe jijJAsu zrotA-vAMcakane "jaina graMthAvalI" (pherI sta) jevA vinati che. padmacaritra - vi. saM. pachI junAmAM june maLI Avelo caritrAtmaka graMtha zrI padmacaritra (rAmacaritra) che te zrI vimalasUrie vi. saM. 60 mAM lakhe che; daLa prAkRta gAthA 10000 nuM che. te pATaNanA bhaMDAramAM che. chevaTe muMbaImAM maLelI bIjI gu. sA. pariSadamAM ame jaNAvelI eka vAtanuM punaHsmaraNa karAvI A viSayane upasaMharIe chIe - jenasAhitya aMge ipiriyala gejheTIyara- "It is only in recent years that the vast and intricate literaturc of Jainism has been par

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nATakaH Itara sAhitya 55 tially explored and there is still much to be done in the way of translation and investigation, before the History of the order can be written. The ignorance of the real nature of its teachings is perhaps one cause of the contempt, which the order has excited among some Western Scholars." (Imperial Gazetteer 1907 Edition Vol. I. arthAta-jaina dharmanuM sAhitya vizALa tema ja gahana che ane tenI zodha bahu gheDI thayelI che ane te paNa thoDuMka thayAM; eTale e dharma saMbaMdhI ItihAsa javA pUrve bhASAMtara ane zekheLarUpe hajI ghaNuM karavAnuM che, jaina sAhitya eka te vizALa rahyuM; bIju gahana rahyuM; ane e aMge joItI zodhakhoLe adhurI; ethI enAM tanuM vAstavika svarUpa zuM che, e saMbaMdhI ajJAnatA rahe e svAbhAvika che; ane pAzcAtya vidvAnonI zubha lAgaNI jenA na jItI zakayuM hoya temAM kadAca ajJAnatA eka kAraNa gaNI zakAya... 34 zAMtiH merabI tA. 30-8-09 somavAra. | manasukhalAla kIracaMda mahetA

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jaina sAhitya prakaraNa bIjuM. bhASA viveka, (pra0-manasukhalAla kIracaMda mahetA-morabI). gujarAtI bhASA aMge muMbaI samAcAranI carcA | gujarAtI bhASAne janma jainethI thayo che, athavA tenAthI thayo he saMbhave che? e praznane kRtrima gaNI enI ame A viSayanA pahelA prakaraNanA prAraMbhamAM upekSA karI che. amane lAge che, ke A prazna kevaLa asvAbhAvika (absurd) che. bhASAno janma bhASAnA vyavaharanArAthI che; bhASAnA vyavaharanArA jene hoya ane bIjA paNa hoya. eTale A baMne pakSamAMthI kei e akudaratI dAva na karI zake, ke A bhASAne janma amArA ja AMgaNethI thayo. baMne pakSa ema kahI zake, ke ame A bhASAnAM avataraNa-vikAsa Adine A prakAre ochuM - vadhatuM poSaNa ApyuM; ane e carcA vAstavika paNa gaNAya. vastutaH vAta Ama che, chatAM jyAre A praznanI laMbANabharI carcA jAhera chApAmAM cAlI rahI che, tyAre sAhityanA eka mukhya aMgabhUta A bhASAviSayaka carcAne UhApoha kare upayukta thaze.

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gujarAtI bhASAne janma jainethI thaye che? pa7 carcAnA utpAdaka - A praznanA utpAdaka rA. ra. manaHsukhabhAI rarvajIbhAI mahetA che. teoe saMpAdita karela "rAyacaMdra jaina kAvyamALA prathama gucchaka,"--nI prastAvanAmAM A prazna aMge "" "te," arthAt "jo Ama hoya te Ama thAya, ityAdi prakAre aneka vikalpa uThAvyA che. A prazna tathA A vikapine rA. "manu nAmadhArI "muMbaI samAcAranA keI lekhake hAtha dharI tenI laMbANabharI carcA calAvavA mAMDI che. A carcAnuM sAdhya, "gujarAtI bhASAne janma janethI thayo che, athavA thayo e saMbhava che? e batAvavA rUpa che. ame prAraMbhamAM jaNAvyuM che, ke A prazna kRtrima che; ane kRtrima praznanuM sAdhya siddha thaI zake nahi. chatAM jyAre e sAdhyasiddhihetuka lAMbI carcA upasthita thaI che, tyAre tenI kRtrimatA paNa tenA pUrvApara saMbaMdhanI paryAcanApUrvaka ApaNe pragaTa karazuM. e badhA vikalpanI neMdha atre levI aprastuta che; vaLI ApaNane eTale avakAza paNa nathI. e carcA mAMne eka ja vikalpa ApaNe tapAsiye; ApaNane prathama darzane ja (Prima facie) enI kRtrimatA jaNAze. te vikalpa A che - vika95- jaine mAthe je prAkRta bhASAnuM pAlana karavAnuM AvI "paDayuM hatuM te prAkRta bhASA kaI? je prAkRta bhASA "uparathI gujarAtI bhASA thaI che, te prAkRta bhASA?

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pa8 jaina sAhitya je te prAkRta bhASA hoya te tene paricaya jenone sauthI vizeSa hatuM evuM saMpUrNa rIte sAbIta karI "ApavAthI mI. manasukhalAlane jainethI gujarAtI "bhASAno janma hevAne saMbhava che, e dA "puravAra thaI zake." prathama darzanika kRtrimatA: carcAnuM svarUpa kevuM joIe ? A praznanI siddhi upara rA. manasukhabhAInA praznanI siddhi che; ane tethI A praznanI siddhi karavA teo tathA temanA sAthI rA. "mana" keTalIka pUrvApara truTatI vAte AdhAra laI mathI rahyA che, je AgaLa batAviye chiye. ahiM prathamadarzanika kRtrimatA "sauthI vizeSa" zabdathI jaNAI Ave che. rA. "manu je prAkatamAMthI gujarAtI uddabhavI te prAkRtane sauthI vizeSa (sarvathA nahi he) paricaya je jenene hoya, te gujarAtIno janma jainone tyAMthI thaye hovAnA saMbhavarUpa pha svamana kahipata nyAyAsana para birAjI ekadama jainenA lAbhamAM ApI de che. 2. "manu"nA manamAM vedAya che, ke gujarAtInI jamadAtA gaNAtI prAkRtane, tenA paricayane ekAMta-sarvathA-svAMga havAle jainane arpAya ema nathI; eenA manamAM ema paNa bhAsatuM lAge che, ke prAkRta paricaya jenene kadAca sauthI vizeSa hoya; paNa sarvathA te nahi; arthAt thaDe vizeSa jaina sivAya bIjAone paNa heya. have, jyAre gujarAtInI janmadAtA gaNAtI prAkRta bhASAne paricaya baMnene,-jaine

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pa e carcAnI prathama dArzanika kRtrimatA tema ja janetarane, bhale pachI jene pramANamAM vadhAre hoya, che, tyAre e prAkRtamAM vyavaharanArA jeno temaja jainetara baMne thayA; e prAkRta sAmAjika bhASA thaI, ane e prAkRtamAMthI je gujarAtI udbhavI hoya, to gujarAtIne janma ekAMta jenene AMgaNethI thaye che, athavA thayo e saMbhava che, e dalIla nakAmI thaze ane rA. "mana"ne cukAda paNa ekataraphI gaNAze. A prathamadarzanika kRtrimatA che. ema kahevAmAM Ave ke ekAMta jinethI gujarAtIne janma thaye che, athavA thayo e saMbhava che, ema ame kayAM kahiye chiye? ame to kahiye chiye, ke gujarAtInA janmamAM jenoe vizeSa hise ApyuM che, te kAMI vAMdho nathI. praznanuM mULa svarUpa AvuM levAmAM Ave, te kRtrimatA (absurdity) nahi Ave. jainenuM e vizeSapaNuM emAM paNa puravAra karavuM paDaze; tathApi e puravAra karavA mATe bahu phAMphAM mAravAM nahi paDe; athavA cAlu prazna siddha karavA thATe jema tuTatI dalIlone avalaMbavuM paDyuM che, tema DaguDagu thatA TekAne AdhAra le nahi paDe. pUrva jaina lekhakanuM bhASA aMge kathanaH apabhraMza eTale zuM ? apabhraMzanA kAraNe, dRSTAMta rA. manasukhabhAI tathA rA. "manu e je truTatI dalIla lIdhI che, tene pUrvApara virodha batAviye, te pahelAM A prazna aMge khUda jaina pUrva lekhakanuM kAMI kahevuM hoya te joIe. jaina lekhakoe keIe A prazna nathI uThAvya;

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60 jaina sAhitya keI lekhake ema nathI jaNAvyuM, ke gujarAtI bhASAne janma amArA AMgaNethI thaye; athavA thaye ema mAnavAne amane sAMbhavika kAraNe che. eka gujarAtI mATe ja nahi, paNa harakaI bhASA mATe jaina lekhakee A dAvo karyo nathI; A dAve temanAthI thaI zake ema nathI. je e dAve emanA taraphathI raju thAya, te teonA bhASAvicAra saMbaMdhI kathanamAM virodha Ave ema che. AyakraTanA nAmathI vidvAna varga suparicita che. teonuM alaMkArazAstra prasiddha thayuM che. AmAM emaNe bhASA saMbaMdhI paNa viveka karyo che. A zAstra upara jaina sAdhu namicandrasUrie vi. saM. agyAramA saikAnA arasAmAM vRtti lakhI che; bIjA kaI jaina bhikSue TippaNu (nAnI TIkA) lakhyuM che. A graMthamAM bhASAviveka aMge zrIrudraTa bhASAnA (1) prAkRta (tha) saMskRta (3) mAgadhI (4) pazAcikI (5) zaurasenI evA bheda pADI chevaTe char3o bheda "vizeSa mUrimekorAH "jaNAve che. AnA para TippaNakAra prAkRtAdinI vyAkhyA Ape che. vyAkaraNAdinI saMskArarahita jagajaMtune sahaja vacanavyApAra te prakRti, ane A prakRtimAMthI udbhavI te prAkRtabhASA. A prAkRta pachI vyAkaraNadinA saMskAravALI saMskRtAdi thaI."rerAvizeSaramUrime rA : e badhAne lAgu paDe che, arthAt dezavizeSane laI (dezavizeSa eTale deza Adi-deza, kALa, dravya, bhAva.) bahabhedavALI te apabhraMza. AvI apabhraMza bhASA saMskRtanI thAya; mAgadhInI thAya; prAkRta, pizAcikI AdinI thAya;

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bhASAvivekaH apabhraMza eTale zuM ? apabhraMzanA kAraNo dRSTAMta 61 vamAna, gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgAlI IMgrejI ityAdinI thAya. apabhraMza eTale bhraSTatA arthAt dezaphera, kALaphera e Adine laI bhASAmAM thayelA vikAra, sudhAro, vadhArA ke khagADA, ema samajavAnuM che. bhASAnAM niyAmaka vyAkaraNa sutrAnuM ullaMdhana thavAthI bhASAnI apabhraSTatA thAya che, je anAdi pravAharUpe joI zakAze. mULa dhArA ke "prAkRtabhASA"; tenA kALAdi kAraNe kALakrame apabhraMza thayA; dezaphere apabhraMza thayA; te apabhraMzIya prAkRtane paNa pAche| kALAMtare, dezAMtare punaH apabhra Mza thayA; e apabhraSTa apabhraSTa bhASAneA pAche punaH te te kAraNeA pAmI apabhraMza thayA. Ama eka bhASA mULarUpa mAMthI apabhraMzanI kai sthitie pahoMcI athavA pahoMce e kalpanAtIta (beyond imagination) che. pracalita itihAsa anusAra pUrve madhya eziyAmAM vasatI jAtAnI eka Aya bhASA kALabhede, dezabhede apabhraMza pAmI Latin (laeNTIna) Semetic (semeTika) Sanskrit (sa MskRta) AdirUpe thai. te te bhASAnA punaH apabhraMza thaI temAMthI haeNrekamAMthI judI judI aneka bhASA thaI. phevizeSAt mUmaveDavamrazaH " e vAta AthI sArI rIte samajAya ema che; vaivizeSa mAM dezane prAdhAnya ApyuM chete svAbhAvika che, vAstavika che; kemake bhASAnu` tarata dRSTimAM AvI zake evuM (perceptible change) rUpAMtara dezaphere ekadama pratIta thAya che; kAlAdi bheda emAM kAya kare che, paNa te aprakaTapaNe; e kAlAdithI thayeluM rUpAMtara kAlAMtare dekhAya che, paNa dezAMtarathI thayeluM 66

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jaina sAhitya rUpAMtara tarata najare Ave che. kahevata che ke "bAra gAue belI badalAya;" ahiM bAra gAu e dezabhedane laI kahyuM. kAThiyAvADanI prAMtavAra belI gujarAtI chatAM dareka prAMtanI belImAM kAMIka vilakSaNatA dekhAze,-- hAlAra prAMta "zuM kAma?" ema belAya che, tyAre soraTha prAMtamAM "huM kAma?" , , , vyAkaraNanI upayogitA pratyeka bhASAmAM rahelA cAra bheda huM gaye nathI" evuM je ApaNe beliye chie, te AgaLa kAMThA tarapha "huM gaye natha" ema belAya che. kAThiyAvADanA bIjA prAMtamAM jene "dhI" kahe che, tene jhAlAvADamAM "jhI" kahe che. kAThiyAvADanI prAMtika bhASAmAM ane tenI sImA bAMdhatA viramagAma tAlukAnI bhASAmAM paNa vilakSaNapaNuM dekhAze. viramagAma choDI amadAvAda jaIe, tyAM paNa uttarottara, vilakSaNatA jaNAze. amadAvAda ane catara uttaramAM pAlaNapura, ane pelI mera bharUca, surata, kALIparaja AdinA lake e badhAnI bhASAmAM "terAvizeSAd mUri(bhUri nahi to theDe paNa)mero', vilakSaNa bheda jaNAze; vyAkaraNAdinA niyamanI apekSA na rahI zake te kALakrame A alpa jaNAtI vilakSaNatA vRddhi pAmI bhASAnuM rUpa pheravI nAMkhaze; pUrve Ama thayuM che, vartamAnamAM pratyakSa Ama thatuM thoDuM paNa dekhiye chie; ane bhaviSyamAM paNa ema thavuM joIe, e taka vidhAtmaka (fallacious) nathI, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Prakrit Buis

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vyAkaraNanI upayogitA pratyeka bhASAmAM rahelA cAra bheda 63 bhASAonI peThe potapotAnA zabdAnuzAsana (vyAkaraNa)nA zAsanamAM surakSita rahI koI bhASA cirakAla cAlI Ave, tene A tarkathI virodha nathI. A jema belInI vAta thaI tema ApaNe sAhityanI bhASA joIe. dUra javAnI jarUra nathI; I. sa. 1860 mAM lakhAyela graMthe, I. sa. 1873nuM narmagadya, tyAra pachI rA. navalarAmabhAInI granthAvalI, tyAra pachI 1887 nuM zrI govardhanarAmabhAInuM sarasvatIcaMdra-A Adi joIe, te temAM paNa bhASAnI vilakSaNatA, pratIta thaze. bhASAne niyamamAM rAkhanAra vyAkaraNanI apekSA rAkhyA vinA je A vilakSaNatA vRddhi pAmatI jAya, te kAlAMtare te bhASA avazya apabhraMza pAmavI joIe; paNa bhASA upara rAjya calAvanAra vyAkaraNanA niyamane anusarI dezAMtare ke kALAMtare paNa kaI kRti te bhASAmAM thAya, ane temAM zailI Adi paratve game tevI vilakSaNatA dekhAya, te paNa bhASA apabhraMza pAmavAne bhaya nathI. dareka bhASAmAM cAra bheda sAthenA sAthe rahezeH (1) e bhASAnuM prAkRta arthAta vyAkaraNAdinA saMskAra vinAnuM svarUpa (2) saMskRta arthAta vyAkaraNAdinA saMskAravALuM svarUpa (3) samasaMskRta svarUpa ane (4) apabhraMza svarUpa, arthAta dezabhede, kALabhede e bhASAnuM thatuM jatuM prakaTa-aprakaTa (perceptible or imperceptible) vikaraNa, vilakSaNapaNuM jyAM sudhI A vilakSaNapaNuM ke vikaraNa bhASAnA vyAkaraNanI AjJAmaryAdAmAM rahI thaze, tyAM sudhI A apabhraMza vyakta nahi

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64 jaina sAhitya thAya; zaktirUpe (latent) raheze; paNa je ekavAra bhASAne niyamamAM rAkhanAra vyAkaraNanI maryAdA ullaMghAI, ke e zaktirUpa (latent) apabhraMza vyakta thaI bhASAne apabhraMza pamADyA vinA nahi rahe. gujarAtImAM e bheda dekhADIe:daSTAMta(1) bALaka jamyA pachI meTuM thaI zALAmAM vyAkaraNa bhaNe che, te pahelAM paNa kAluM-babaDuM gujarAtI bele che gujarAtInuM A prAkRta svarUpa. (2) zALAmAM vyAkaraNAdinA saMskAravALuM gujarAtI zIkhatAM lekhanAdimAM je gujarAtI vApare che, te gujarAtInuM saMskRta svarUpa. (3) keTalAka grAmyajanuM vyAkaraNa AdinA saMskAra vinAnuM bolavuM thAya che, te gujarAtInuM prAkRta svarUpa; athavA gAmaDiyA, bAlako, strIo, e Adi je abhaNa heya, te vyAkaraNanA saMskAra na chatAM paricayAdinA saMskArathI ochuM vadhatuM saMskArI gujarAtI vApare, te gujarAtInuM sama saMskRta svarUpa. (4) prAkRta ane saMskRta svarUpa baMnemAM dezavizeSe je bheda paDe te apabhraMza svarUpa. vyAkaraNaviziSTa nahi hevAthI prAkRtanuM apabhraMza sahelAIthI thAya che. paNa saMskRta svarUpa vyAkaraNaviziSTa hovAthI jyAM sudhI e vyA

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jAtibhedaH apabhraMzanA dravya-bhAva kAraNe kareNanA niyamane anusarI cAlavAmAM Ave tyAM sudhI dezavizeSe paNa apabhraMza pAmavAne bhaya nathI; dezavizeSa kAraNe saMskRta sAthe tenuM apabhraMza zaktirUpe te raheluM che. udAharaNa laIeH-gujarAtanAM eka prAMtane grAmyajana kaheze-"tuM cyAM " te ?" bIjA , , , - tuM kyAM gyo te?" >> trIjA , , - tuM kayAM te ?' cethA , , , "tuM cyAM jyAM te?" A gujarAtInuM prAkRta svarUpa che athavA ene samasaMskRta svarUpa kahe; kemake te vAkyamAM te eka vacanane "o te, jo te Adi ekavacananA vyAkaraNane saMskAra -bhale te saMskAra vyAkaraNabedhathI ke paricayavizeSathI thaye heyartha che. Ane gujarAtInuM prAkRta ke samasaMskRta svarUpa kahe, paNa upalAM prAMtavAra udAharaNa jotAM emAM apabhraMza svarUpa sAthe raheluM che. dezavizeSe bahu bheda paDe te apabhraMza tha joIe. jAtibheda- (5) tevI rIte saMskRta (saMskAra pAmelI) gujarAtIne apabhraMza paNa dezAdi kAraNe jAti (gender) AdimAM pratIta thAya che. sepArIne keI napuM sakaliMga Ape che, te koI strIliMge oLakhe che * A baMne saMskRta svarUpa chatAM, dezavizeSe A bheda

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jaina sAhitya che. A bahu bheda thAya te apabhraMza tha joIe. temaja - apazAca-apazeSa-aphasosa. maNibena-maNIbena, virAje che-birAje che. sake-zake. amane A joize-amane A joIzuM kAla-kALa. havaNA--hamaNA-ahuNA. have-ave. temane--hemane. tyAre--hAre. kariye--karIe. apabhraMzanAM vya-bhAva kAraNe ItyAdi dezavizeSe, prakRtivizeSe saMskArI gujarAtInAM apabhraMza pAmatAM rUpa che. A badhA bheda alpatama che; paNa bahu bahu bheda paDe te apabhraMza tha joIe. dezAdi kAraNemAM deza ane kALa A baMne ApaNane samajAya che bAkI rahyAM dravya ane bhAva. bhAvamAM lekhakanI prakRti-rAsakatA-cianusAra bhASA, tenA zabdo vagere valaNa pakaDe che, ane lekhakenAM prakRti-rasikatA-ci Adi badhAnAM eka sarakhAM na

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vyAkaraNanI upagitAH pariSa eka uddeza havAthI bhASAparatve bheda paDe e svAbhAvika che, A bheda bahu bahu thAya ane vyAkaraNanI maryAdA paNa lagabhaga ullaMghAI jAya te bhASA apabhraMza pAme. dravya kAraNa hAla ApaNane vadhAre sArI rIte samajAya evAM kAraNe maLyAM che. kAyadAnI, padArtha vijJAnanI, rAjakeTanI, krIkeTa Adi ramatanI, nATakAdinI, vartamAnapatronI, dezATaNanAM sulabha sAdhananI, vyApArAdinI bhASAmAM vilakSaNatA najare paDe che, temAM paNa kudake bhusake AgaLa vadhatA sudhArA-vadhArAnA A dhAMdhalIyA jamAnAmAM bhASAmAM paNa evI avyakta vilakSaNatA vadhatI jAya che, ke kAle nahetuM evuM Aje svarUpa che, Aja nathI tevuM kAle thaze; je pariNAme bhASAne apabhraMza-vyakta apabhraMza, nAM kAraNarUpa thaze. relve, TrAnve, sTImara, ejana, DokaTara, buka, TIkITa, kalekaTara, presiDanTa, Tebala e Adi navA zabda umerAI rUDha thaI gayA che, e paNa apabhraMzamAM dravya bhAve sahAyaka che. vyAkaraNanA niyamane bAdha na Ave ane vyAkaraNanA niyAmAM rahI bhASAmAM vyavahAra cAle, te apabhraMzane sahAyaka A zabdo Adine bhaya rAkhavAne nathI. e umerAtA rUDha thatA navA zabda bhASAnuM gaurava vadhavAmAM upayogI thAya ema che; bhASAmAM zabdonuM bhaMDoLa vadhArI bhASAne sugama, samajavAmAM saraLa kare ema che.

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jaina sAhitya vyAkaraNa kaSanI upayogitA: pariSadane eka uddeza Ama ApaNe joyuM ke gujarAtImAM e cAre svarUpa saMlagna rahelAM che, (1) prAkRta (2) saMskRta. (3) samasaMskRta, () apabhraMza . .. eka bhASAnAM mULasvarUpane, tenA vyAkaraNanA niyamenuM ulaMghana na thAya evI rIte bhale pachI temAM dezakALAdi kAraNe navA zabda, pAribhASika zabdo umerAI e bhASA gaurava pAme-kAyama rAkhavuM, athavA kAyama rahe evA saMjoge ANavA te te bhASAthI vyavaharanAra, sAhityapremInuM kAma che. vyAkaraNaviziSTa evI bhASA je kAyama rahe, to te bhASAmAMnAM sAhitya bhAvikALe paNa te vyAkaraNaviziSTa bhASAnA abhyAsIone lAbharUpa thAya;nahi te nakAmAM, saMskRta ane prAkRta (je prAkRtamAM jaina sUtra prakaraNe guMthAyAM che te) evI vyAkaraNaviziSTa bhASA heTha avicchina paraMparAe haju sudhI cAlI AvI che ane enAM vyAkaraNa--keSAdina bedha pAmelAM rasike e bhASAnA sAhityAmRtanuM pAna karI Aje paNa AnaMdanimagna che. e bhASAmAM lakhavAnI zailI-DhabamAM deza-kALe bheda paDatuM rahyo che, tathApi enAM anuzAsaka vyAkaraNa sUtro (liMgazAda-anuzAsane) te eka ja che. A gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada paNa gujarAtI bhASAnuM liMgazabdAnuzAsana, vyAkaraNa yathAyogya niyata karI enI avicchinna dhArA rahe evA upAya je te gujarAtI bhASAnuM sAhitya bhAvikALe paNa lAbhaprada-upakAraprada thaze. sAhitya pariSadane A paNa eka mukhyatama uddeza have joIe che.

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bhASAnI utpattimAM samAjane hAtha tAtparya bhASAnI utpattimAM samAjane hAtha A lAMbA UhApohanuM tAtparya e ke bhASA dezakALAdi bhede apabhraMza pAmI, e apabhraMzanuM punaH apabhraMza ema cAlyA kare che, pravAharUpe cAlyAM kare che, emAM dezakALAdi viziSTa kAraNe heI, keI amuka deza ke amuka kALa, ke amuka saMpradAya ke amuka vyaktithI dAve thaI zake ema nathI ke A bhASAne janma to amArAM ja AMgaNethI thaye, athavA thaye e saMbhava che. alaMkArazAstranA praNetA AryakraTanA bhASAvivekamAMnA "viroSa mUrbhitoSThirA" zabdano viveka, jaina bhikSunI vyAkhyA, ane e vyAkhyAnI paryAlecanApUrvaka viroSahu mera ne A artha tha. kahevAnuM ke jena lekhakoe ema nathI kahyuM, ke amAre gherathI A bhASA janmI athavA e janmI ema mAnavAmAM amane kAraNa che. teoe te bhASA kema avatare che, vRddhi pAme che, e vagere "rAvizeSAt mUrbhiroDA mAM samajAvI dIdhuM. dravya-kSetra-kALabhAvane lai AgalI bhASAmAMthI apabhraMza-rUpAMtara pAmI avatarelI-ucharelI bhASAmAM samAjane, saMpradAya mAtrane, hAtha che; vyakti mAtrane hAtha che; keI vyakti ke kaI saMpradAya e bhASAne janma pitAne tyAMthI saMbhAvI na zake. gujarAtIne janma jainethI saMbhAvanAnI yuktio have ApaNe carcAsaMpanna praznanI truTatI dalIlonI nedha laIe. carcAmAM jainothI gujarAtI bhASAne janma saMbhAvanAnI yukti rAkhI che. A yuktine TekAvavA -

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170 jana sAhitya (1) jainonAM sUtra-prakaraNadinI prAkRta bhASAne svAMga havAle jenone soMpI, te prAkRta parathI jenone bhagnalakSa (of divided mind) karavA (vi. saM. 1 lAthI) zrI siddhasena divAkaranA vakhatathI jene saMskRtanI mohinI lAgI ema saMbhAvI lIdhuM che; TharAvI dIdhuM che ane Dr. Mac Donel nA AdhAre sAbIta karI dIdhuM che. A sAbItI ApatAM-svIkAratAM ema te nakkI karI lIdhuM ke zrI siddhasenasUri pahelAM jenone saMskRtane paricaya (meha ?) na hatA. athavA bahu ocho hate. (2) zrI siddhasUrinA vakhatathI jainone saMskRtane moha lAgavAthI teone pUrva paricita prAkRtane gharSaNa-kSaya lAgu paDa saMbhAvI lIdhuM che. jenenI A prAkRtane saMbhAvelA kSayareganI uttarettara zuM sthiti thaI e nahi jaNAvatAM ekadama vi. saM. navamA saikAmAM AvI vanarAja cAvaDAnA vakhatamAM janone rAjakArabhAra seMpI daI teo raMka para vidyAjJAnanI upekSAne Arepa saMbhAvyuM cheA saMbhAvelA ApanA pariNAme jainonI kSayagrasta prAkRtanA kSayamAM vRddhi saMbhAvI lIdhI che ane A kSINa prakRtamAMthI athavA tenI apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI gujarAtIne janma saMbhAvI laI e kIrtivaramALA jenene kaMThe ApavA prayatna karyo che.

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gujarAtIne janma jenothI saMbhAvanAnI yuktionuM nirIkSaNa71 jene e carcAsaMpanna kIrtithI kAMI hAni che ? paNa jene A kIrtithI rAjI thAya ema nathI. jene jANe che, ke parApUrvathI saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityane aDa puruSArthapUrvaka jaina lekhake adyApi paryata avicchinna dhArAe rakSatA-peSatA AvyA che. teonI prAkRta gharSaNa pAmI nAza pAmI nathI. "sAta sAMdhe tyAM tera truTe," evI pUrvokta dalIlethI jenI prAkRtane ghasAvI nAMkhI, temAMthI gujarAtIne janma saMbhAvI tenI kItti jainene ApavA jatAM jenee adyApi paryata avicchinna dhArAe TekAvI rAkhI piSelI saMskRta-prAkRtanI anupama karine lepa thAya che. e dalIlanuM nirIkSaNa kariyeH carcAne uhApoha (1) zrI siddhasUrinA vakhatathI jenone saMskRtanI mohinI lAgI, ema be kAraNe AgaLa karI mAnI lIdhuM - (a) zrI siddhasUrie pUrve prAkRtamAM guMthAyalAM sUtrone saMskRtamAM avatAravAnI IcchA karI, paNa zrI saMghe (sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikAne samUha) temane tema karatAM aTakAvI prAyazcitta ApyuM. e kAraNa. (241) Oxford, Christy College i Sanskrit all * dA. mekonala paNa Ama mAnavAne kadAca (a) kAraNathI lalacAyA hoya; te pachI (a) ane (A) baMne eka ja rahe che. ane dALa mekonalane AdhAra nakAmo thAya che. vaLI dA meMkadenalane ema mAnavAnuM bIjuM kAraNa paNuM nathI lAgatuM eTale (a) (A)

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kara jaina sAhitya Prof. Mac Donell History of Sanskrit Literature nA AdhAra. Dr. Mae Donell d ema mAnavuM che, ke siddhasena divAkaranI pahelAM jainAmAM saMskRtanA pracAra nahAtA, athavA siddhasUrinA vakhatathI jainAne saMskRtanA meha lAgyA; A kAraNe. A khane kAraNeA ( AdhAretA ) satyAMza vicAriyeH-(a)....(1) zrI siddhasena divAkare prAkRta sUtreAne saskRtamAM avatAravAnI IcchA karI e eenA (1) sa MskRta paranA mAhane laIne ? athavA (2) prAkRta paranA abhAvane laI ne ? athavA (3) saMskArI bhASAmAM sUtro utArAya te sArUM, evI mAtra madhyastha bhAvanI IcchAne laIne ? (1) (ra) prathama be vikalpA ghaTatA nathI, kemake zrI siddhasena sUrine ekAMta saMskRtanA mAha ane prAkRtanA abhAva hata tA, teo pote ja zrI sanmati tarka sUtra Adi, je jainAmAM nyAya--tattva AdinA parama tAttvika-prAmANika graMthA gaNAya che, ane jenA para pAchaLa thayelA zrI mahuvAdI pramukhe savistara vRtti lakhI che, te prAkRtamAM guMthata nahi. (3) tyAre saMskRtamAM e sUtre lakhAya te sAruM, baMne eka ja che. pAzcAtya vidvAnAnI zailI (treatment) anukaraNa karavA jevI che, paNa teenAM apUrNa AdhAranAM anumAna te| devaLa udhe raste deravanArAM che, ema have atraNa vidvAnAne jaNAvA lAgyuM che. .

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siddhasena divAkarasUri prAkRtamAM sUtre zA mATe lakhAyAM? 73 evI madhyastha bhAvanI IcchA mAtra TharI. vAru. jyAre AvI madhyastha bhAvanI IcchA ja hatI, te zrI saMghe emane bAra varasa mauna dhAravAnuM pArAcika prAyazcitta zA mATe ApyuM? zuM saMghane (1) saMskRtane abhAva hatA? athavA (2) saMgha saMskRtathI ajJAta hatA ? athavA (3) saMghane prAkRtanI maeNhinI hatI? A vikalpa paNa Take ema nathI; kemake - (a) saMghane saMskRtano abhAva hate athavA saMgha saMskRtathI ajJAta hatuM, ema batAvavAne kAMI pramANa nathI; UlaTAM e vakhate tema enI pUrve jenomAM saMskRtamAM praNIta thayelAM pustake hatAM, ane jainomAM saMskRtane pracAra hatuM, je AgaLa batAviye chiye. prAkRtamAM sUtro zA mATe lakhAyAM? (b) tyAre saMghane ekAMta prAkRtanI mAhinI hatI, mATe zrI siddhasUrine daMDa (prAyazcitta) Ape? nA. prAkRta paranA mehane laIe prAyazcitta nathI ApyuM; paNa je hetue prAkRtamAM sUtro guMthAyAM hatAM, te hetune sUtrane prAkRtamAMthI saMskRtamAM avatAratAM mahAna bAdha AvatuM hatuM, ane tIrthakaronI AjJAne lepa thatuM hatuM. te hetu A che"baalsniimuuddhmuurkhaannaaN nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNAM / " anuSArtha taravaoN siddhAMta pratiH mRta" zrImAna haribhadrasUri -

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- - 74 jaina sAhitya - - --- - arthAta-cAritranI (gRhatyAga-saMyamanI) IcchAvALAM bALa-DhI-mUDha ke mUkhe jane para upakAra arthe tatvajJAnioe siddhAMtane prAkRtamAM guMcyAM. saMskRtamAM niNAta buddhizALI puruSane saMskRtamAM racAyelAM sUtra siddhAMta upakAra kare, paNa vyAkaraNaviziSTa saMskArathI kheDAyalI saMskRta bhASAthI anabhijJa evAM bALa-strImUTha-bhUkhe che ke cAritra aMgIkAra karavA ujamALa thAya to teone zuM avalaMbana? buddhizALI, jene vyAkaraNAdine bodha hoya, evA puruSe te saMskRta ane prAkRta baMne samaje. jaina zAsanamAM bALa-strI-mUDha-bhUkhe evAMone paNa cAritrane niSedha nathI karyo. AraMbha-parigraha rahita evI tyAga-cAritra dazAmAM rahevAthI pUrva karma nirjarI zake che, mATe e cAritra-saMyama-grahaNanI kadAca kaI bALa-DhI-mUDhamUkhane IcchA thAya, te te cAritramAM kema vartavuM e vagerenAM vyavahAra tathA tatva dekhADanArAM sUtranI teone avazya jarUra; mATe eenA anugraha (upakAra) arthe jJAnioe sUtra e samajI zake evI prAkRta bhASAmAM guMcyAM. zrI siddhasena sUrinI A sUtrone prAkRtamAMthI saMskRtamAM avatAravAnI IcchAthI A parama hetune ane jJAninI AjJAne lepa thata hate, mATe saMghe temane tema karatAM vAryA; nahi ke jainomAM te vakhate saMskRtane pracAra naheAte; athavA

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saMskRta zIkhavAnI AvazyakatAH tItha karAnuM kramAna 75 jainAne e prati abhAva haeNtA. Ama letAM zrI siddhasena divAkaranA vakhatathI jaineAne sa MskRtanI meAhinI lAgavAnI sAbitInA A (a)AdhAra skhalita thAya che. (A) khIo AdhAra AnI krIsTI kaeNAlejanA saMskRtanA ustAda dA. maeNkadonalanA lAvavAmAM AvyeA che. A AdhAra levAnI jarUra nahatI. e AdhAra svIkArI levA pUrva koI vidvAna jaina zrAddha zramaNane puchyu hata, ke zrI siddhasena divAkaranI pUrve paNa jenAmAM saMskRtanA pracAra, (prAkRta jeTaleA) hatA ke nahiM, te sAro khulAseA thAta, temaja dA0 maeNkonalanA zabdo pUrvApara saMbaMdhapUrvaka (with relative context) TAMkyA hata, te vadhAre sAruM' hutuM. Dr. Mac Donell kadAca ema mAnatA hAya, ke jainAne saMskRtanA paricaya athavA meAha zrI siddhasenanA vakhatathI thayA, athavA te prathama jainAmAM saMskRtane pracAra na heAtA, te te mAnInatA kevaLa asamaMjasa, ekadezIya ane apUrNa AdhAranI che. jenAmAM zrI siddhasenasUrinI pahelAM paNa prAkRta sAthe saMskRtane pracAra eka sarakhI dhArAe hatA. juo,H- * carcAkAra pAte nikhAlasa dIlathI dA. mekadezanala"nA A AdhAra che. atha t evA AdhAra maLateA nathI. (Ama che chatAM sAhasa zA mATe?) kamula kare che. "eklA khIjA krAi kahetA hoya

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- jana sAhitya saMrakRta zIkhavAnI AvazyakatA-tIrthakarenuM pharamAna (1) jaina zAstrakAroe ekAMta prAkRtanI upayogitA gaNI saMskRtane niSedha karyo che ema nathI. vyAkaraNaviziSTa saMskRtanA bedhanI parama AvazyaktA jenonA tIrtha karee prakAzela sUtromAM pragaTa darzAvI che. vyAkhyAna karavAne gya sAdhue zuM zuM jANavuM joIye e janenA prathama aMga zrI AcArAMgasUtra (chApela pR. 15) tathA zrI anugadvArasUtra AdimAM jaNAvyuM che, temAM vyAkaraNa, saMskRtAdi zikhavAnI jarUra jaNAvI che. zrI siddhasenasUrinA vakhatathI janamAM saMskRtane meha lAgyo hata te te pahelAM thayelA teonA tIrthanAtha saMskRtanA abhyAsanI AvazyaktA upara ATalo bhAra na mukata. (2) zrI siddhasena sUrinI pUrve thaI gayelA jaina AcA ryonI saMskRta kRtio vidyamAna che - (a) zrI siddhasenasUrinI pUrve pANini RSi deDha saikAmAM thayA che. te pANininI pUrve zrI zAkaTAyana jaina muni thayA che. emaNe saMskRta vyAkaraNa raceluM, chapAyaluM vidyamAna che. A saMbaMdhamAM ame A lekhanA prathama prakaraNamAM yathAyege jaNAvyuM che. bhadrabAhu - (b) zrI siddhasUrinI pUrve basa vacce thayelA zrI bhadrabAhu zrutakevalie paNa saMskRta kRtio karI che. teone

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siddhasenari pUrvenI jainAcAryAMnI sa Msta ti 77. 'bhadrabAhu saMhitA'nAmanA apUrva jyAtiSane graMtha, saMskRtamAM racAyalA, vidyamAna che. marahuma zatAvadhAnI kavi rAjacaMdre A graMtha joyA hatA. umAsvAtiH-- (c) zrI bhadramADu pachI paNa siddhasUrinI pUrve sAdeDhasA varase thayelA zrI umAsvAti vAcakanI saMskRta kRtio pragaTa thayelI vidyamAna che. (1) tattvArthAdhigama, (2) te paranuM teonuM kareluM bhASya, (3) prazamarati,(4) zrAvakaprajJapti, (5) pUjA-prakaraNa, (6) jam dvIpa samAsa e vagere che. Royal Asiatic Society Bengal Branch taraphathI e badhAM prasiddha thayAM che. zilAlekhA: (d) prAcIna zilAlekhA zrI siddhasUrinA vakhata pahelAnA vidyamAna che. mathurAnA zrI mahAvIra prabhunA maMdiranA (Vide, General Cunningham's Archeological Reports Vol. VIII, Plates 13 and 14 }; mAravADamAM erInapurA (araNyapura) sTezanathI cha gAu dUra kAraTa ( kAraTa) pAse zrI vIraprabhunuM khikha (Image) vIraprabhuthI 70 varase (vi. sa0 400 cha * zrImad AtmArAmajI vIrAta 70 kahe che, bhAi paramAra rarara kahe che; vIrAta rarara hoya te paNa te vakhata zrI siddhasUri pahelAM khase| varasanA che.

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78 jaina sAhitya pahelAM) jenA vizamA tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAthanA saMtAnIya, teo pachI chaThThI pATe thayelA zrI ratna prabhasUrie pratiSThita kareluM vidyamAna che, tenA lekha. (zrImad AtmArAmajInA jaina viSayaka praznottara ajJAnatimirabhAskara ane jaina tatvanirNaya prAsAda juo.) "siddhathI zarU thate eka zilAlekha che, je nisaMzaya jainene che. * * dA. buhalare A zilAlekhe zedhyA che, ane zrImad AtmArAmajIe upara jaNAvelA graMthamAM savistara utAryA che. A zilAlekho saMskRtamAM che. mathurAne pAlImAM che ema dAru bularanuM kahevuM che. Ama hoya te paNa zrIsiddhasUri pUrve jainomAM saMskRtanA pracAranA bIjA purAvA mejuda che. be hajAra varasa pUrvenuM ATaluM sAhitya maLI Ave che, e saddabhAgyanI vAta che. zeSa nahi maLI zakta athavA kALadharma, saDaNa-pANa-vidhvaMsarUpa paugalika dharma athavA dezaparanA judA judA mArI-marakI-anAvRSTi-ativRSTi, dubhikSa-paracakra-saMgrAma Adi viplavene laI nAza giranAra para rUdradAmAne lekha paNa "siddhAthI zarU thAya che. "siddha ke siddha e jainene pAribhASika zabda "siddhane namaskAra namaskAra thAo!' e che; ane jainetaramAM A zabda nathI jovAmAM AvatA tethI jaNAya che ke prasiddha thayele A rUdradAmAne lekha jainene che.

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siddhasUri pachIthI atyAra sudhImAM prAkRtanI sthiti 79 pAmelu saMskRta prAkRta sAhitya ghaNuM hovuM joiye, evI kalpanA kheATI athavA asthAnIya nahiM gaNAya. (2) bIjI dalIla e lAvavAmAM Ave che, ke zrI siddhasUrinA vakhatathI jainAne saskRtanI mAhinI lAgavAthI tenuM mana prAkRta parathI ochu thavA lAgyuM; arthAt atyAra sudhI te jainAne prAkRtanuM ja avala mana hatuM; have saMskRtane mAha lAgyA eTale svAbhAvika rIte prAkRtanu pASaNa AchuM thayuM hAvu joIe, je dhIme dhIme thatuM gayuM. AvA AzayavALI dalIla paNa apUrNa AdhAranI che. kemakesiddhasUri pachIthI atyAra sudhImAM prAkRtanI sthitiH-(1) upara jaNAvI gayA chIe, tema zrI siddhasUri sudhI pazu jainAe saMskRta-prAkRta anene eka sarakhA AdhAra ApyA che. bemAMthI ekenI kSati thavA dIdhI nathI; tema e kSati thavA cegya pramAda emanAthI thaI zake ema nahotuM, nathI; kemake teonA tItha karAnI temane saMskRta-prAkRta ane zikhavAnI spaSTa AjJA che. (2) | e gheADe na caDI zakAya' e nyAyane avalakhI, ( gaNI lIdhelA) saMskRta para thayelA mehune laI jaineAmAMthI zrI siddhasUri pachI prAkRtane svAbhAvika ghasArA lAgavA joIe, ema anumAnI lIdhuM, paNa A anumAna mATe kAMI pramANa nathI. unnatAM e

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80 jaina sAhitya anumAnane bAdhaka pramANe che. arthAt prAkRta (zrI siddhasUrinA vArA pachI vi. saM0nA AraMbha pachI paNa) ghasAvAne badale ulaTI poSAtI cAlI che. je atyAra lagaNa yathAyegya avicchinnapaNe piSAtI AvI che. atre zrI banArasanI yazovijayajI jaina pAThazALAmAM kaI jaIne jue, te tyAM koI koI yuvake jenA prakaraNanI A prAkRta bhASAne abhyAsa karI rahyA jeze, keI to emAM padya paNa race che. A prAkRtamAM vi.saM. aDhAramI sadImAM vidyamAna zrI yazovijayagaNue "ati lakSaNa samuccaya" Adi racelA graMthe hamaNAM ja "yazavijaya graMthamALA" nAme zrI bhAvanagara jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA taraphathI prasiddha thayA che. zrI siddhasUrinI pUrve tathA tyArapachI thayelI prAkRta kRtio sAthe A kRtione sarakhAvatAM pratIta thaze, ke e badhI kRtio ekaja jaina sUtraprakaraNagata prAkRta bhASAnI che. zrI siddhasari pUrve tathA tyAra pachI thayelI (zrIsiddhasUri pachI janenI prAkRta ghasAtI nathI cAlI, paNa saMskRtanI sAthe ja pikAtI cAlI che, e dekhADavA) thoDIka prAkRta kRtio nAmamAtrarUpe kALakramavAra "chronologically ApavI upayogI thaze- (a) riddhasUri pahelAMnI prAkRta kRtio - (1) zrI sudharmAsvAmIe (vi. saM. pUrve pAMcame sake)

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siddhasUri pahelAMnI ne pachInI prAkRta kRtio guMthelAM Agama sUtre uparAMta zrI vIra prabhunA hastadIkSita ziSya zrI vIrabhadragaNinAM "AturapratyA khyAna (Aura paccakakhANa)" "catu zaraNa (causaraNa)" Adi (vi. saM. pUrve pAMcame sake) prasiddha thayAM che. (2) zrI vIra pachI zrI sudharmAsvAmInI cethI pATe thayelA zrI zriyaMbhavasUrinuM "dazavaikAlika (vi. saM. pUrve ceAtho sake) prasiddha thayuM che. zrI vIra pachI trIjA sakAmAM thayelA zrI bhadrabAhu caudapUrvadhare racela aMge pAMganI niryuktio, tathA bIjI kRtio (vi. saM. pUrve trIje sake) keI ke prasiddha thayelI che; kaI kaI hastalekharUpe che; ane keTalIka nAza pAmI che. zrI bhadrabAhasvAmI pachI taratamAM thayela zrI smRtibhadranI bahena yakSAsAdhvIne zrI sImaMdharasvAmIe ApelI cUlikAo "dazavaikAlika" AdimAM pAchaLathI nAMkhelI vidyamAna che; prasiddha thayelI che. zrI vIra pachI cethA saikAmAM thayelA zrI zyAmasUrinuM "pannavaNuM (prajJApanA)" (vi. saM. pUrve bIje saike) prasiddha thayuM che...ityAdi. (b) siddhasUri pachInI prAkRta kRtio siddhasUrinA vakhatanuM tathA tyAra pachInuM jaina prAkRta sAhitya DuiMka joIe, ane tethI jaNAze, ke cacagabhUta ,

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82 jaina sAhitya dalIla mujaba prAkRta ghasAtuM cAlyuM nathI, paNa piSAtuM vRddhi pAmatuM cAlyuM che - (1) zrI siddhasUrinuM "samati sUtra" prasiddha thayuM che. (2) zrI siddhasUri pachI vi. saM. 60 mAM zrI vimala sUrie raceluM prAkRta 10000 gAthAbaddha zrI padma caritra athavA rAmacaritra. (3) tyAra pachI visaM. bIjA sikAnA arasAmAM thayelA zrI siddha nAgArjunanA guru pAdaliptasUri, (pAyaliptasUri jenAM nAmathI nAgArjune kAThiyAvADanA zatrujaya parvatanI taLeTImAM pAyalirUThANu, saMskRta pAdalipta sthAna, ane hAlanuM pAyalittAna, pAlItANuM vasAvyAne aitihAsika ullekha che) eoe racela (hAla maLI AvatI temAM pahelI) prAkRta dezI nAmavALA, (je pAlitta nAmamALArUpe oLakhAya che.) (4) tyAra pachI thayelA zrI dharmadAsagaNue racelI "upa dezamALA' prasiddha thaI chekahevAya che ke A dharmadA sagaNa zrI vIraprabhunA hastadIkSita ziSya hatA; paNa A granthamAM visaM. pahelA saikAmAM thayelA zrI vaja79017/lal 9121 yulai ( historical allusions ) aitihAsika sUcavane dekhAtAM hovAthI, ane e pAchaLathI prakSipta thayAM che evuM nahi dekhAtuM hovAthI, bIje sabaLa AdhAra na maLe te anumAna thAya che, ke e dharmadAsajI A arasAmAM ke pachI thayA.

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pahelA saikAthI chaThThA sudhInuM jaina saMskRta sAhitya (5) tyAra pachI vi. saM. trIjA-cothA saikAnA arasAmAM thayelA zrI zivazamanA karmavicAga (karmavipAka), kamapayaDI (karmaprakRti) Adi paMcasaMgraha pramukha che. A prasiddha nathI thayA; paNa jaina sAdhu Adi Ane abhyAsa kare che; Ane sauthI prAcIna karmagraMtha paNa kahe che. digaMbaranA "gemasAra" ane tAM baranA "karmagraMtha" A uparathI thayA che. pahelA sekathI chaThThA sudhInuM jaina saMskRta sAhitya vi. saM. pahelA saikAthI chaThThA sakAnA prAraMbha sudhImAM jainenA saMskRta-prAkRta graMthe aneka thayA hovA joIye, paNa kALAdi doSane laIne e nAza pAmyA hoya athavA game tema hoya paNa ApaNane bahu juja maLe che. prAkRta graMtha jema juja maLe che, tema saMsakRta graMtha paNa juja maLe che. vi. saM. pAMcamA saikAmAM thayelA zrI dhanezvarasUrine saMskRta zatruMjaya mAhAtmaya prasiddha thayo che. tema ja e arasAmAM thayelA zrI malavAdI -(zilAdityanA bhANeja) emaNe "dvAdazAra naya cakavAla" jaina nyAyane mahAnuM graMtha, tema ja bauddhAcArya dharmottaranA "nyAyabiMdu" upara vRtti, ane zrI siddhasena divAkaranA "sammatisUtra upara TIkA tathA "pAcaritra" (A saMskRtamAM ke prAkRtamAM e khabara nathI paNa bIjA) saMskRtamAM lakhyA che. AmAMthI mAtra "kAdazA2 nayacaka ( Wheel of Naya, having twelve radii )

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84 jaina sAhitya maLe che, bAkI te mAtra yAdIrUpe prAcIna TippaNikAmAM (catalogues) nAmarUpe rahyA che! kALadoSe te graMtha alabhya thaI paDayA che ! visaM. seLamA saikAnI (catalogue) pherIta karanArane paNa e graMthe hAtha lAgyA nathI; mAtra nAmarUpe eNe jaNAvyA che! Ama vi. saM. pahelA saikA pachI pAMcamA saikA sudhImAM prAkRta ghasAtuM cAlyuM ane saMskRta poSAtuM cAlyuM e ekAMte athavA anumAne kahI zakAya ema nathI. baMne bhASAmAM graMtha racAyA hovA joIye; paNa baMnenA upara jaNAvyA eTalA ke bIjA koI graMthe ja maLI zake che. A graMthe badhA zvetAMbara saMpradAyanA che, ane A ThekANe neMdha levI jarUranI che, ke A arasAmAM digaMbaraAsrAyanA ghaNA graMthakAra thayA che; teoe paNa saMskRta-prAkRtamAM ghaNA graMtha racyA che; ane emAMnA ghaNA maLI Ave che; prAkRtanI saMkhyA vizeSa che. digaMbara prAkRta ane zvetAMbara prAkRtamAM zailI ke dhAvA paratve sahaja vilakSaNatA dekhAya che. paNa te baMne prAkRtanuM niyAmaka zabdAnuzAsana (vyAkaraNa) ekaja jAtanuM che; AsrAyabheda, dezabheda, kALabheda e Adi kAraNe zailIlakSaNya svAbhAvika che; paNa te badhAMnAM niyAmaka vyAkaraNa sUtro ekaja che; A digaMbara prAkRta graMthamAM dhyAna kheMcI rahelA Jthe zrI siddhasUri pachI vi. saM. bIjA saikAmAM thayelA zrI pavanadi athavA kuMdakuMda svAmInA (1)

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digaMbara lekhako jenasUtro lakhAyAM chaThThA saikAmAM 85 samayasAra (mudrita) (2) kSapasAra (3) trilokasAra (4) labdhisAra (5) paMcAstikAya (mudrita) (6) apAhuDA (aSTa prAbhUta) (7) pravacanasAra (mudrita) Bombay University taraphathI M. A. mATe Jain Literature mAM niyata thayela e Adi che. A sivAya tyAra pachI trIjA cethA raukAnA arasAmAM thayelA zrI zivAcArya zivAya athavA zivakeTa),-emane hamaNAja hiMdI anuvAda sAthe prasiddha thayela "bhagavatI ArAdhanA" graMtha che; AnuM prAkRta zvetAMbara AsnAyanA prAkRta sAthe maLatuM che. A sivAya saMskRtamAM zrI saMmatabhadrasUri zvetAMbara, je digaMbarene paNa mAnya che, teonAM AptamImAMsA "ratnakaDazrAvakAcAra Adi che; ane prasiddha thayA che. A uparAMta visaM. bIjA saikAnA arasAmAM A sUri thayA che. A uparAMta vi. saM. pAMcamA saikAne cheDe thayelA zrI mAnadevasUrinuM (zvetAMbara) "upadhAna prakaraNa prAkRtamAM che, tathA mAnatuMgasUri (bANamayUranA samakAlIna) nuM saMskRta bhaktAmarakAvya (stotra) prasiddha thayuM che. Ama zrI siddhasUrithI mAMDI chaThThA saikAnA prAraMbha sudhImAM paNa jenoe saMskRta-prAkRtine sArI rIte eka sarakhI rIte paDyuM che, e enAM maLI AvatAM keTalAMka pustakanI upalI noMdhaNI samajAya ema che.

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jaina sAhitya vi. saM. chaThTho sake-jene sUtro lakhAyAM. te pahelAM kema na lakhAyAM? : mAthurI vAcanA, AraMbhadeSane bhaya (6) have ApaNe visaM. chaThThA saikAmAM Aviye. A saikAe prAkRta graMthane ghaNuM piSaNa ApyuM che. A eka bAbata khasusa dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevI che, ke jaina Agama sUtre atyAra sudhI kaMThA rAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM; dhavalapatra upara AlekhAyAM na hatAM. guruparvaparaMparAe e sUtrAdi kaMThe cAlyAM AvatAM. digaMbara AmnAyamAM lakhavAne pracAra hate; tAMbaranAM anya prakaraNe prAyaH lakhAtAM paNa teonAM aMgepAMgAdi haju sudhI lakhAyAM na hatAM; AthI zvetAMbara-digaMbare baMnene bahu zeSavuM paDayuM che. zrI bhadrabAhu svAmInA vArAmAM bhayaMkara dukALa paDela, tethI temaja tyAra pachI bIjA sikAmAM paNa dukALa paDela tethI sUtre nAza pAme evI sthitimAM hatAM. ethI zrI skaMdilAcArya Adie mathurAmAM maLI rahelAM sUtrane yathAyogya bAMdhe karI tene jALavyAM; A mAtharI vAcanA kahevAya che. tyAra pachI zrI vajIsvAmInA vakhatamAM (vi. saM. prAraMbha pachI) paNa dubhikSa bhaya naDela; kALa ugra svarUpe prakAzite hate smRtibhraMza thate jAte hate; chatAM AraMbha deSathI DarIne (jaina sAdhuone AraMbha pitA ke pArakA mATe sarvathA niSiddha che) lakhavAnuM ke lakhAvavAnuM karI na zakyA. lakhavA-lakhA vavA mATe sAmagrIo meLavatAM-meLavAvatAM niHsaMzaya.

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- smRti sateja hovAnAM kAraNe naMdisUtramAM neMdha 87 AraMbha karA-karAvavuM paDe, je teo pitAnA kalpa (AcAra) pramANe na karI zakayA. A arasA sudhInA jaina prAkRta-saMskRta graMthe thoDA maLatA hoya temAM A paNa eka kAraNa che graMtha racAyA chatAM lakhAyA na hoya. smRti sateja hevAnA kAraNe badhuM smRtigocara rAkhI guru ziSyane Ape ema paraMparApUrvaka cAlatuM. AvI sateja smRtine hAla khyAla paNa kadAca na Ave; paNa Science of Psychology (mAnasazAstra)nA abhyAsIone A sahaja pratIta thAya ema che. mana-vacana-kAyAnA vyabhicAra deSathI prAyaH dUSita, zuddha brahmacarya (manavacana-kAyA traNenuM)thI prAyaH vimukha, ane evAM vizuddha brahmacaryanA abhAve kuMThita mana-magaja-zarIravALA A kALanA pAmara jI,-ene A vAta kadAca kalpanAgocara paNa na thAya, athavA eo A vAtane vahema ke atizakti athavA "junuM eTaluM senuM" evI gaNatrI gaNanArArUpe, athavA Arya dezanA moharUpe kadAca gaNI kADhe? paNa nahi, Arya deze buddhiprabhA, smRtiprAbalya, zuddhabrahmacarya, vidyA jJAnazakti e aMge prabhAvazAlI, pratibhAzALI puruSane janma Ape che; ItihAsa enI khAtrI Ape che, vi. saM. chaThThAthI bAramA teramA saikAmAM thayelA sAdhuonI lAkha zlokee aMkAtI kRtio ApaNane vizvAsa aNAve ema che.

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- jaina sAhitya naMdisUtramAM gaMdhaH chaThThA saikAnuM sAhitya jaina Agama sUtre zrI devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa tathA bIjA sAdhuoe vi. saM. 510 nA arasAmAM pustakArUDha karyA; te pahelAM zuM sthiti hatI ene vigate ahevAla zrI devaddhisUri zrI naMdIsUtramAM Ape che, tyAra pachI te saikAnA prAMte thayelA zrI haribhadrasUri jemaNe "mahAnizItha" viccheda jatuM uddharyuM, teo paNa te sUtramAM tathA dazavakAlikAdi sUtranI TIkAmAM A vAta jaNAve che. temanI pahelAM thayelA zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa bahabhASya athavA vizeSAvazyakamAM paNa A vAta Ape che tyArapachI vi. saM. AThamA saikAmAM thayelA zrI zIlasUri paNa zrI AcArAMganI vRttimAM A ' vAta ANe che, temaja visaM. bAramI sadImAM thayelA zrI abhayadevasUri, tyAra pachI taratamAM thayelA zrI vAdivetAla zAMtisUri, zrI malayagiri sUri, zrIkeTyAcArya (keTisUri), zrI droNAcArya, zrI maladhArI hemacaMdrasUri Adi jeoe judAM judAM sUtronI, aMge pAMganI vRttio lakhI che, teoe yathAyogya A aitihAsika bInA ApI che. gharabAratyAgI, AraMbha-parigrahathI rahita svadehanI eka saMyamane arthe ja rakSA karavAvALA, svapara hita mATe ughukta thayelA A puruSane khoTuM, asamaMjasa athavA atizaktirUpa lakhavAnuM zuM kAraNa hoya,

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89 e samajAtuM nathI. A saikAnA prAraMbhamAM zrI saurAbrUnAM hAla khaMDiyerabhUta vallabhIpuramAM ( vaLAmAM ) zrI devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa Adi sAdhuoe maLI, atyArasudhI dhavaLapatra para nahi AlekhAyalAM, phakta kaThAgre rahelAM, paNa kALadoSa, smRtibhraMza Adi doSane laI viccheda jatAM sUtrAne pustakArUDha karyo; yathAyAgya lakhAvI lIdhAM. A prAkRta zleAkeA lAkhA thavA jAya che. tyAra pachI teoe prAkRtamAM na'disUtra' lakhyuM; AmAM pUrvAcAryAne, teenI kRtionA e vagerenA ittihAsa paNa che. tyAra pachI te ja saikAmAM zrI jinabhadragaNIe zrI bRhadbhASya athavA vizeSAvazyaka sUtra (prAkRta 4000 zleAkapUra) racyuM; temaja bIjA ' ja buddhIpasaMgrahaNI' Adi graMthA ramyA. tyAra pachI A saikAnA uttarAmAM zrI hArabhadrasUrie samarAditya caritra prAkRtamAM 10000 kSeAkapUra tathA nANAti ( jJAnAditya ) prAkRtamAM lakhyAM; tathA zrI mahAnizItha sUtrane samuddharyuM; A sivAya khIjA aneka prAkRta graMthA eee lakhyA che. vikrama saMvat chaThThA sakAmAM Ama aneka prAkRta graMthA lakhAyA che. saMskRtamAM paNa ghaNA lakhAyA che; paNa amAre atre te prAkRta saMbadhI ja khAsa kahevAnuM che. ThThA saikAnu' prAkRta sAhityaH 7 thI mAMDI 10 zataka sAtamAthI mAMDI dezamuM zataka (7) vi. saM. sAtamA-AThamA saikAmAM thayelA prAkRta graMtheAnI mAhitI amane nathI. jainagraMthAvalI " "

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jana sAhitya Adi keTalo tathA bhaMDAre jovAmAM Ave te khabara paDe. A saikAmAM zrI digaMbarI nemicaMdra siddhAMtInAM prAkRtamAM racAyelAM zrI madrasAra tathA bahadu dravya saMgraha Adi bahu prasiddha che. (8) navamA saikAmAM paMcasaMgraha Adi junA karmagraMthane anusarI karmavipAka Adi junA karmagraMtha zrI gaMrSie racelA maLI Ave che. atre morabInA bhaMDAramAM amArA jevAmAM A graMtha Avela che; ane A pariSahnA pradarzanamAM e mukela che. dazamA sikAmAM suprasiddha dhanapALa paMDite bIjI dezInAmamALo ( hAla maLI AvatI prAkRtanAmamALAmAM bIjI) je taraMgalolA nAme prasiddha che, te racI che. te ja arasAmAM ke kAMIka pahelAM zrI caMdraprabha mahattare sattarI (saptatikA) nAmane chaThThA karmagraMthanA nAme oLakhAte graMtha racele mudrita thaye che. agyAramuM-bAramuM-teramuM zataka(10) tyAra pachI kame krame zrI abhayadevasUri, zrI hema caMdrasUri, zrI maladhArI hemacaMdrasUri, zrI caMdrasUri, Adi thayA temaNe pratyeke prAkRta kRtio karI che. zrI caMdrasUrinI "saMgrahaNa" je madhyama saMgrahaNInA nAme oLakhAya che, te tathA zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI trIjI dezInAmamALA prasiddha thayelI vikhyAta che.

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11. 12. 13 zatakaH 14thI mAMDI 18 me saiThe 91 zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanA vArAmAM bIjA aneka sAdhuoe. judA judA tIrthakaronAM prAkRtagAthAbaddha hajAro zlokapUra caritro lakhelAM vidyamAna che. saMskRtamAM paNa evAM ghaNAM caritre lakhAyAM che. A prAkRta caritranuM samagra pUra lAkha zloka thavA jAya che. A pratyeka graMthanAM nAma, zloka saMkhyA, kartAnAM nAma, racyAne saMvat tathA e kyAM maLI zakaze?--e badhI vigatavAra tapasIla "jana graMthAvalI" uparathI joI zakAze. tyAra pachI te arasAmAM zrI zAMtisUrie jIvavicAra tathA bIjA keI AcAryo navatatva prakaraNa prAkRtamAM jyAM che, te prasiddha thayAM che. tyAra pachI zrI nemicaMdrasUrie pravacana sAdhAra nAmane mahAn prAkRta graMtha racelo prasiddha thaye che. caudamAthI mAMDI aDhA seke- vaLA upara jaNAvela jIvavicAranA kartA zrI zAMtisUrie dharmaratna prakaraNa prAkRtamAM lakhe che, je paNa TIkA sAthe prasiddha thayo che; A TIkA paNa caudamI sadImAM thayelA zrI deveMdrasUrie theDI prAkRtamAM ane thaDI apabhraMzIya prAkRtama lakhI dekhAya che, bAkI upara je je graMthe jaNAvyA te badhAnI prAkRta prAyaH jenasUtra-prakaraNanI prAkRta che. upara jaNAvelA zrI deveMdrasUrie codamAM sakAnA prAraMbhamAM prAkRtamAM bhASyatraya" tathA "navyakarmagraMthe" tathA "zrAddhavidhi mULa lakhyAM che, je badhAM prasiddha thayAM che. AgaLa

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jaina sAhitya cAlatAM zrI kulamaMDanasUri tathA pradyumrasUrie vicAra sAra tathA vicArAmRta e Adi anukrame prAkRta graMtha racyA che. temaja tyAra pachI paMdaramA saukAmAM zrI munisuMdarasUrie zrI saMtikara stavanAdi prAkRtamAM lakhyAM che, je prasiddha thayela che. Ama zrI siddhasena sUrinA vakhatathI mAMDI chevaTa aDhAramA saikA sudhI, (zrI yazovijayajInA yatilakSaNasamuccayAdi A aDhAramA saikAnAM) jaina lekhakee, puruSArtha kalakSya jaina lekhakoe, prAkRtane poSavI cAlu rAkhI che; digaMbara-zvetAMbara baMnee e piSavI cAlu rAkhI che; prAkRta ghasAI javA nathI pAmI; e te ucharatI cAlI che. tema vaLI e lekhake sAthe sAthe saMskRtane paNa visarI nathI gayA. Ama saMskRta-prAkRtamAM aneka kRtio thaI che, je badhAnI vigate mAhitI jaina graMthAvalI, dALa bhAMDArakara, pITarsana, buhUlara AdinA rIperyo, tathA digaMbara-vetAMbaranA judA judA pustaka bhaMDAranI TIma jeyAthI maLe ema che. A badhI prAkRta kRtio eka ja prAkRtanI che. kALAdi bhedane laI A kRtionI zailImAM saraLatA-kaThinatA rasikatA-kilaSTatA Adi vilakSaNa bhede dekhAze; paNa e badhI kRtionAM niyAmaka liMga-zabdAdi anuzAsana (vyAkaraNa)nAM sUtro te eka ja, jema saMskRtamAM- judA judA vakhatanI saMskRta kRtiomAM vilakSaNatA. (1) zrI umAsvAti vAcakanAM taravAthadhigama, prazamarati, Adi

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jUdA jUdA vakhatanI saMskRti kRtionI vilakSaNatA lya (2) zrI siddhasena divAkarana batrIzabatrIzI, nyAyAvatAra, kalyANumaMdira Adi zrI dhanezvarasUrinA zatruMjaya mAhAbhyAdi zrI saMmatabhadrasUrinA AptamImAMsAdi zrI madvavAdInA nayacakavAla Adi (6) zrI haribhadrasUrinA dharmabiMdu aSTaka, gabiMdu Adi | zrI siddharSinA upamiti bhavaprapaMca Adi (8) zrI jayazekharasUrinA kumArasaMbhava, prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi Adi (9) zrI munisuMdarasUrinA adhyAtma kalpadruma Adi (10) zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanA zalAkApuruSacaritra, pariziSTaparva, dvayAzraya Adi (11) zrI vinayavijayanA lokaprakAza, zAMtasudhArasa Adi (12) zrI yazovijayanAM jJAnasAra, jJAnabiMdu, adhyAtma niSad Adi. bhASA eka ja zailI phera; tema thavuM joIe e Adi judA judA lekhakenI jude jude vakhate lakhAyalI saMskRta kRtiomAM bhASA zailImAM kaThinatA ke saraLatA para vilakSaNabheda hovA chatAM e badhA graMtha saMskRta vyAkaraNane anusarIne zuddha saMskRtamAM lakhAyA che, athavA jema janetara graMthe -

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' S 94 jaina sAhitya (1) kAlidAsanA raghuvaMza, meghadUta, kumArasaMbhava, zAkuMtala, vikamevazIya Adi bhavabhUtinA mAlatImAdhava, mahAvIracarita, uttara rAmacaritAdi (3) bANanI kAdaMbarI (4) mAghakAvya tathA zizupAlavadhAdi zrI zaMkarAcAryanA paMcIkaraNAdi zrI vyAsanA mahAbhArata, gItA Adi (7) zrI vAlmikInuM rAmAyaNa jagannAtha paMDitanA bhAminIvilAsa Adi (9) bhartRharinA zatakacatuSTayAdi tAtparya ke jenenuM prAkRta kSINa nathI thayuM- e judA judA lekhakoe jude jude vakhate jude jude kALe eka ja zuddha saMskRtamAM graMtha lakhyA chatAM deza-kALalekhakanI prakRti Adi kAraNe te te kRtiomAM saraLatAkaThinatA-rasitA-liSTatA Adi zailI paratve bheda dekhAya che, tema upara jaNAvelA tathA bIjA prAkRta graMthe badhA prAkRtanA niyamane anusarI lakhAyA chatAM temAM zilI paratve vilakSaNatA bhAse te te banavA gya che. bAkI e badhA prAkRta graMtha jainasUtraprakaraNanI prAkRtanA che. A lAMbI carcAnuM tAtparya e ke kahevAmAM athavA anumAnavAmAM AvyuM che, tema zrI siddhasUrinA vAra pachI jenenI A

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jenA para vidyAjJAnanI upekSAne be Aropa prAkRta ghasAtI nathI cAlI; paNa judA judA lekhakee ene samyaka prakAre piSIne adyApi paryata te avicchinna ANI che. bhAvikALe je bane te kharuM ! vanarAjane samaya; jene para vidyAjJAnanI upekSAne Apa (3) carcAsaMpanna prazna mATe AgaLa karavAmAM AvelI be dalIle ApaNe joI have trIjI joIe. A trIjI dalIla evA AzayanI che, ke zrI siddhasUrinA vakhatathI jainomAM prAkRta sAthe saMskRta paNa sAmela thavAthI prAkRtane svAbhAvika rIte hAni AvI ane e hAni vadhatAM vadhatAM vanarAja cAvaDAnA vakhatamAM jene rAjakArabhAra-vyApArAdimAM guMthAtAM teoe vidyA-jJAnanI upekSA karI; jethI jananI prAkRta apabhraSTa thatI cAlI, te TheTha eTale sudhI ke temAMthI gujarAtI thaI. carcAnA utpAdakanAM A badhAM anumAne che, ema carcAkAra spaSTa jaNAve che, ane e anumAnene nirNayAtmaka gaNI te para bhAra na mukavAnuM paNa sUcave che. tathApi kahevAnuM ke jene uMDA utarI vicAra karavAnAM zaktiavakAza nathI eone ADe raste, eka tarapha doravanArAM AvAM AdhAra vinAnAM kRtrima anumAne karavAnuM prajana zuM? e anumAne AdhAra vinAnAM kRtrima che ke nahi e tapAsiye - () vanarAja cAvaDAnA vakhatamAM janene rAjakArabhAra maLe, enA saMgIna purAvA kyAM che?

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jaina sAhitya (2) rAjakArabhAra tathA vyApAramAM guMthAtAM jainAe vidyA jJAnanI upekSA karI, te prazna thAya che, ke jene (gRha) te pahelAM zI rIte udara piSaNa karatA? rAjakArabhAra ke vyApAra sivAya bIjo kaI dhaMdho teonA hAthamAM hate? athavA teo zuM nirudyamI hatA, ke jJAna-vidyAne ApI prAkRtane paSatA rahyA; ane pachI vanarAjanA vakhatamAM kArabhAruM maLatAM udyamI thayA ane tethI vidyA-jJAnanI upekSA karI? udarapoSaNA hetue udyama karanArAone vidyA-jJAnanI upekSA karavI paDe e kaI ekAMtika niyama che? AgaLa karavAmAM AvelI dalIlanI kRtrimatAne laI A prazno uThayAM che. jaina maMtrIo, vyApArIoe potAnA samayamAM jJAnAdi kSetrane Apele AdhAra. sAdhuoe paNa ema karyuM che(3) vAru, jenene rAjakArabhAramAM bhAga ma heya te teo jJAnAdine poSavA kare ke tene visArI muke? ItihAsa ApaNane sArI rIte jaNAve che ke jyAM jyAM jenene rAjakAjamAM paga peThe che, tyAM tyAM teoe bIjI bAbato uparAMta be bAbatomAM lAgavaga calAvI khAsa lakSa ApyuM che te be bAbate AH(1) navAM jinamaMdire karAvavAM, biba bharAvavAM, pratiSThA karAvavI, junAM maMdire samarAvavAM, dhvajA baMdhAvavI; tIrthayAtra arthe saMgha kADhavA; e ane

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jaina maMtrIe Adie jJAnAdi kSetrane Apelo AdhAra 97 (2) pustaka lakhAvI tenA bhaMDAre karAvavA. gRhastha varga A rItine anusaryo che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sAdhuvege paNa yathAyegya hita joI A mArga grahaNa karyo che. vimala maMtrI, vAgabhaTa maMtrI, vastupALatejapALa, udayanamaMtrI, AmrabhaTa, saMgrAmasiMha zenI, mAnasiMha bhejarAja ane jagaDuzAha zeTha Adi gRhasthA ane zrI hemacaMdrasUri, devacaMdrasUri, hAravijayasUri, vijayatilakasUri, padmasuMdarasUri Adi AcAryonAM caritrothI A pratIta thAya che. vikramanA vakhatamAM zrI siddhasUri, zilAdityanA vakhatamAM zrI malyavAdI tathA dhanezvarasUri, vanarAjanA vakhatamAM zrI zilaguNasUri, te ja arasAmAM zrI vAlIyara (gopagiri) nA rAjA AmanA vakhatamAM zrI bappabhaTTI sUri, zrI siddharAjakumArapALanA vakhatamAM zrI hemacaMdrasUri-devacaMdrasUri, te ja arasAmAM medapATanA rAjA AlhaNadevanA vakhatamAM zrI rAmacaMdragaNI, phirojhazAha taghalakhanA vakhatamAM zrI padmasuMdarasUri, akabaranA vakhatamAM zrI hIravijayasUri, jahAMgIranA vakhatamAM zrI vijayatilakasUri e Adi AcAryo tathA zrI kumArapALanA vakhatamAM udayana, vAgabhaTa, AmabhaTa Adi maMtrIo, tathA vIradhavaLanA vakhatamAM vastupALa-tejapALa tathA jagaDuzeTha, maMDapadurganA hAkema mujapharakhAMnA vakhatamAM (paMdarame siko vi. saM.) samarasiMha sonI, temaja te ja saikAmAM khaMbhAtanA

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98 jaina sAhitya navAkhanA vakhatamAM zrI munisuMdarasUri e Adi tathA vimalamaMtrI, jhAMjhaNa, sAjaNa zeTha e Adie jainamadirA, jJAnabhaMDArA e Adi dharmakSetrane lAgavaga calAvI sArI rIte pAkhela che; te teonAM aitihAsika caritrothI samajAya che. sapradAyamAtra lAgavaganA upayAga yathAvasara kare: pUrva dhanADhaya jaimAnAM kIttisthaMbhA ane eee Ama karyuM" che, te svAbhAvika che. adhA sapradAyavALA pAtapeAtAnA samaya Avye pAtapeAtAnA saMpradAyane pAtapAtAnI rItie peAtre emAM navAi nathI. bauddho, zAMkarAnuyAyIo, e Adie ema karyu che, te jo vanarAjanA vakhatamAM jainAne rAjakAjamAM pagapesAro lAgavaga maLyAM hata tA teo jJAnAdinI upekSA na karata, paNu tene pASaNa Apata. vaLI vyApArAdimAM guMthAvAthI jJAnAdinI upekSA thaI hoya te te paNa ekAMtika vAta nathI. vyApAramAM dhana raLI teo maMdira-jJAnAdi kSetrone pASata. pUrve thayelA dhanADhaya janA, cAhe tA teo vepArI hA athavA rAjamatrI Adi AddhAvALA hA,-paNu temaNe potAnA dharmanAM aMgabhUta ma Mdira, jJAna, sAdhu-sAdhvI Adi cAra kSetra e Adi sAte kSetrane rUDI rIte poSyAM ja che; navAM maMdiro karAvyAM che, jInAM samarAvyAM che; ghaNA

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pUrva dhanADhya jenA kIrtisthabheda peTA dalIlone radIo 9 duHkhI bhAIonuM vAtsalya karyuM che, tIrthayAtrArtha saMgha kADhyA che. che; jJAnabhaMDAre karAvyA che,-je badhAMnAM smaraNarUpa kIrtisthaMbhe hAla keI na karAvI zake evAM zatru jaya, Abu, giranAra AdinAM jinamaMdire jesalamera-pATaNa-amadAvAda-meDatA-jodhapura-khaMbhAta lIMbaDI AdinA jJAnabhaMDAre, jinAlayanA zilAlekhe tathA te te puruSonAM caritrarUpe vidyamAna che. Ama jotAM vanarAjanA vakhatamAM jeno rAjakAja vyApArAdimAM paDatAM teoe jJAnAdinI upekSA karI ane tethI agAuthI ghasAtI AvatI prAkRta vizeSa ghasAvA pAmI e vagere AzayanI AnumAnika paNa kRtrima dalIle nirarthaka che. Ama A traNa mukhya kRtrima dalIlano UhApoha thaye. have e dalIlenI upadalIla para thoDA daSTipAta karI gujarAtImAM kaI bhASAmAMthI avatarI hevA cogya che? temaja gujarAtI kone kahevI? enA DAka vicAra batAvI A viSayane upasaMharaze. peTA dalIlo- carcAsaMpanna viSayamAM rAmanasukhabhAInI athavA rA, "mana"nI athavA yathAyogya baMnenI noMdha levA gya traNa peTA dalIla che - (1) judA judA vidvAnenA AdhAre batAvyuM che, ke

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100 jaina sAhitya apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI zaurasenI thaI, ane zaurasenImAMthI gujarAtI thaI. (2) prAkRtanuM mahatva jainomAM ja hatuM, janetara anya prAkRtane halakI gaNI halakAM pAtrone ja sepatA-jema jaina-ddha sivAyanAM nATakomAM dekhAya che, tema. (3) rArA. kezavalAla harSadarAya pravane AdhAra laI zrI. hemacaMdrAcAryane prAkRtanA pANini karAvyA che. A peTA dalIlanuM nirIkSaNa kariye? (1) " sutAranuM mana bAvaLiye "--tema A dalIlanuM gupta rahasya e che ke koI vidvAnanA AdhAre kahI zakAya ema che, ke (jenenA) prAkRtamAMthI ke apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI ke te apabhraSTa prAkRta pachInI eka peDhImAMthI gujarAtIne janma thayo ane enI kIrtijenone maLe? ame AgaLa batAvavAnA chiye, ke gujarAtIno janma apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI thayo che; paNa te jainenI sUtra-prakaraNanI prAkRtabhASA apabhraSTa thaIne temAMthI nahi; paNa dezanI pracalita sAmAjika prAkata apaSTa thaItemAMthI, kemake sAmAjika prAkRta ekalA jainenI svAMga mAlikInI na hatI. keI kaI vidvAnonA mate carcAkAra kahe che ke apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI zaurasenI thaI ane A zaurasenImAMthI gujarAtI thaI keI

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gujarAtI zaurasenImAMthI utarI ke apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI? 101 vidvAne bhale ema kahetA hoya paNa gujarAtI ane apabhraSTa prAkRta vacce zaurasenIne rAkhavAnI jarUra nathI. gujarAtI zaurasenImAMthI utarI ke apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI ? zaurasenI ane apabhraSTa prAkRtanA dAkhalA tapAsiye te ApaNane spaSTa jaNAze ke baMne bhASA spaSTa vibhinna che; ane apabhraSTamAMthI gujarAtI utarI zake che, tevI saraLatAthI zaurasenamAMthI utarI zakatuM nathI. baMnenA ekakeka udAharaNa laIe - (vi. saM. caudamA saikAmAM thayelA zrI jinaprabhasUrie jainenA AThamA tIrthakara zrI caMdraprabhunI saMsakRta prAkRta-zaurasenI mAgadhI zAcikI-cUlArpazAcikI-apabhraMza ane samasaMskRta ema jukI judI bhASAomAM stuti karI che, je mULarupe chapAI gaI che, temAMthI A be udAharaNa lIdhAM che. tene artha paNa amane bese che te nIce ApIe chIepha) (1) zauranInuM udAharaNa "vigadaduhahedu mohArikedUdayaM dalidagurudurida madha vihidakumadakhayaM / "nAdhata nadi jo sadaTanadavatsala lahadi niccaM digatiM saudada nimmalA' * (Ane anvaye Paraphrase order amane samajAye che te Ave che. e kramamAM artha TAMkIe chIe-).

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102 jaina sAhitya (1) 3tha atha. maMgaLavAci. (saM. tha); (2) vividhudu vigataduHkhahetu; duHkhanAM kAraNa (rAgadveSAdi) jenAM nAza thayAM che evA he nAtha ! (naM. vivArtaduviheto) nA=he nAtha! (sa. nAtha); (4) ko=je; (ca ); (5) mohArikUrca = meharUpI zatrune ketunA udaya samAna, e je tuM, tene; (saM. modAdivetUra) (6) 4rdunika mahatuM pApa jeNe daLI nAMkhyuM che, e tuM, tene (saM. citadurita); (7) ravimArca=kumatane jeNe kSaya karyo che, e tuM, tene (aaN vihitavumatakSAM); (8) saranavataruM =tane hamezAM name che, tArI AjJA ArAdhe che, tenuM vAtsalya karanAra e tuM, tene (saM. satatanatavatsa) (9) saMetene, (saM. vA), (10) ramati name che; praName che; AjJAmAM rahe che; (naM. nara)(11) hite, (4 saH); (12) nira=nitya, zAzvata; (saM. nityAnuM); (13) sova () so (1) soha6 () = (1) soTuM = bhAvALI (saM. ramata); (2) rovaruM = sukha ApanArI (saM. sauhaca); (14) nimeruM - nirmala, (saM. nirma); (15) tti = gati, (saM. utta); (16) ruri = lahe che; pAme che; (saM. mate). (2) apabhraMza prAkRtanuM udAharaNa " sAsayasurkhAnahANu nAha na diTho jehiM t| punnabihUNau jANu

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13 zaurasenIne apabhraSTa prAkRtanA udAharaNa Ane anvaya paNa amane samajAya che, te ApIe chIe - (1) sAsacayunihApu = zAzvata sukhanAM nidhAna evA he nAha! (nAtha!) (saM. zAzvata sunidhAna); (2) nA = nAtha; (sa. nAtha); (3) huM = jeNe (uM. cena); (4) tAM = tane (saM. hiM); (5) =nahiM, nathI (saM. 2); (6) di = je (naM. 8); (7) tihuM tene (saM. te); (8) punavidU3= puNyavihIna; puNyarahita (saM. puSyavihIna); (9) nihAmsa =niSphaLa janmavALo; (4 nidAnmAnaY) (10) nApasundu = narapazu je, (saM. narapazuma), (11) nA=jANe athavA jANuM chuM, (saM. jJAnI athavA nahi athavA nAnAma). A be udAharaNa jotAM kaI bhASA gujarAtIne vizeSa maLatI che, ane kaImAMthI gujarAtInuM avataraNa thayuM hevA gya che, sIdhuM ke ekAda peDhI mukIne, e samajI zakAya ema che. nATakamAM halakAM pAnA mukhamAM prAkRta zA mATe mUkI che?-- (2) . svAMga havAlo jenene ApavA bIjI evI dalIla karavAmAM AvI che, ke prAkRtanuM mahatva jemAM ja hatuM, jenetara anya prAkRtane halakI gaNI halakAM pAtrone ja soMpatA, jema jena-bauddha nATaka sivAyanAM bIjAM nATakamAM halakAM pAtromAM dekhAya che.

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104 jaina sAhitya A dalIlamAM paNa jabarI samajaphera che, te joIe - pANini. (1) prA ta je ekAMta jainenI mAlikInI hatI te carcA calAvanAra rA. "manu pataMjalie I. sa. pUrve 150 varase prAkRta vyAkaraNa lakhyuM ema kaheta nahiM, pANini apara nAma paMtajalie vi. saM. doDha saikA pUrve navanadanA rAjyamAM prAkRta vyAkaraNa lakhyuM che pANini jaina na hatA, ane je prAkRtane e halakI bhASA samajatA hatA, te niHsaMzaya prAkRta vyAkaraNa racatAM viramata. varaci . (2) temaja jana itihAsa ane kathAsaritasAgara anusAra pANininA samayamAM thayelA vararuci paMDite prAkRtaprakAza lakhe che, te paNa te na lakhata; kemake te jaina na hatA. kAlidAsa paMDitanA jAtiviMdAbharaNa anusAra je joIe te A vararuci vikama nRpanA dhanavaMtarI, kSapaNaka Adi paMDitemAMnA eka hatA; eTale ema thavA jaze ke zrI siddhasenasUrinA vakhatamAM A prAta prakAza lakhAyuM; athavA hAlanA vidvAne mAne che, tema je vi. saM. chaThThA sAtamA sikAmAM vikama thayA hoya ane A vararuci * rA.rA. dhruvanA mata pramANe A vAta asamaMjasa che.

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nATakomAM halakAM pAtronA mukhamAM prAkRta zA mATe mUkI che? 105 te vakhatanA hoya te chaThThA-sAtamA saikAmAM prAkRta je kSaya pAma saMbhAvavAmAM AvyuM che, ane jene jainetara anya halakuM gaNya saMbhALyuM che, tenuM vyAkaraNa jainetara varasAcae racI ulaTuM paDyuM dekhAze. temaja jena-bauddha nATakomAM halakAM pAtromAM prAkRta zA mATe mukavAmAM AvI che, tene hetu ja samajyA vinA jainetara para deSa mukAya che -kemake, ( a) jainetara nATakathI bauddha-jaina nATakone A vilakSaNa bhedamAMthI alaga rAkhavAnI jarUra ja nathI. jenabauddhanAM nATakamAM paNa halakAM pAtronAM mukhamAM prAkRta mukAyelI cheH 2 chakaTika. mubArAkSasa.' prabodha caMdrodaya mAlatI mAdhava-ityAdi anyanAM karelAM paNa bauddhone lagatAM nATake che. nalavilAsa. raghuvilApa, anadhya rAghava. jenenAM karelAM nATake che. ratnAvalI. karuNuvaja. nirbhaya bhIma-ityAdi. )

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106 jaina sAhitya vikrameAzIya. zAkuMtala. mahAvIra carita. uttararAma carita, veNIsaMhAra-RtyAdi. AmAM halakAM pAtronAM mukhamAM prAkRta bhASA mukAI che; eTale jaina-bauddha ane itara evA bheda prAkRta paratve dAkhavavAnuM ahiM kAraNa nathI. anyanAM racelAM baud-jainetara nATakA che. saskRta nATakAmAM prAkRta zA mATe vaparAi che ? (A) tyAre -jaina-audvetara nATakAmAM halakAM pAtronA mukhamAM prAkRta mukavAmAM AvI che, te prAkRtanuM mahatva e nATakakArone nahAtu e kAraNe nahi; paNa naTa, viTa, dAsI, bALa, sAmAnya strI AdinI A pracalita prAkRta bhASA che e dekhADavA. nATakakAre potAnAM nATakamAM yathAzakti sahaja bhAva lAvavA cukatA nathI. vyAkaraNabAdhathI anabhijJa eka gAmaDiyA gamAranA mukhamAM vyAkaraNaviziSTa saMskArI bhASA mukhvI sahaja svAbhAvika gaNAya ? nahi ja; ane tethI nATakakAro halakAM pAtronAM mukhamAM dezanI pracalita, sAmAnya samUhanA vaparAzanI sAmAjika prAkRta bhASA muktA. te te nATakAnI TIkA lakhanArA (Commentators pazu A AzayanuM kathana che; ane tethI ema puravAra thAya che, ke sa MskRta

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hemAcArya pahelAMnAM saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNe 107 bhASA vyAkaraNAdi jANanAra vidvAnanI vizeSa (Special) hatI, ane prAkRta janasamUhanI sAmA nya (general) hatI; vidvAnone baMne bhASA grAhA hatI; sAmAnya janasamUhane prAkRta ja grAhya hatI. hemAcArya pahelAMnAM saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNe. () ane ema hovuM ja joIe. ame agAu jaNAvI gayA chIye ke dareka bhASA tenAM cAra svarUpanI anusaMdhipUrvaka rahe che. (1) bhASAnuM prAkRta svarUpa (2) tenuM saMskRta svarU5 (3) tenuM samasaMskRta svarUpa () tenuM apabhraMzIya (Latent or manifest) svarUpa. ApaNe hAla vyAkaraNaviziSTa (grammatical) aMgrejI bhaNyA hovAthI ApaNe e saMskArI bhASAmAM beliye-lakhiye; paNa dhAre ke ApaNe vilAyata jaIe, te tyAMnA sAmAnya janasamUha pAsethI e (grammatical) vyAkaraNaviziSTa bhASA sAMbhaLavAnI AzA rAkhazuM? nahi. keTalAMka IMgreja strI puruSe bALake IMgrejInAM prAkRta svarUpamAM evI guNa guNa vAta karatAM hoya che, ApaNe aMgrejInA (Grammar ) vyAkaraNanA game tevAM "khAMIye, paNa ApaNane thaDe vakhata e prAkRta svarUpane paricaya thatAM sudhI te muMjhAI rahevuM paDe ja. A kahevAnuM ke nATakamAM prAkRta bhASA ANI che te naTa, viTa, Adi sAmAnya jananI sahaja bhASA heI

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108 jaina sAhitya teone vANavyApAra e bhASAmAM he jaiye e akRtrima bhAva ANavA mATe nahi ke e nATakakAre e bhASAne halakI gaNatA mATe. khuda nATakkArene pitAne paNa, bhale lakhavAmAM vyAkaraNaviziSTa saMskRta teNe vAparI hoya, paNa belavA AdinA vyavahAramAM (Colloquial Language) te bhASAnAM ochAM vadhatAM prAkRta svarUpane ja avalaMbavuM paDela. hemAcArya prAkRtanA pitA? (3) trIjI peTA dalIla evA AzayanI lAvavAmAM AvI che ke rA. 2. kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruvanA kahevA mujaba zrI hemacaMdrAcArya prAkRtanA "pANani" che, ane e vAtane lagabhaga badhA vidvAne kabula kare che. rA. "mana" taraphathI ekAda vidvAnanI saMmati TAMkavAmAM AvI hata te sAruM hatuM. rA. dhruve kaI abhiprAyavizeSe ema kahyuM haze, ke je samajyA vinA rA. "mana" pote agAu pataMjaline I. sa. pUrve 150 varase prAkRta vyAkaraNanA racanAra jaNAvyA chatAM punaH prAkRtanA pitA tarIke zrI hemacaMdrAcAryane oLakhAve che! zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI pUrve paNa prAkRtamAM, jenenI prAkRtamAM, vyAkaraNa-nAmamALA lakhAyAM che. vi. saM. bIjA saikAmAM thayelA zrI pAdalipta sUrinI prAkRta (dezI) nAmamALA, tyAra pachI vi. saM. dazamI sadImAM thayelA zrI dhanapALa paMDitanI "taraMgalolA" nAmanI dezInAmamALA, A baMne zrI hemacaMdrAcAryane

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hemAcArya prAkRtanA pitA 109 pUrve thayela che. tema ja te pahelAMnA janetara pANinIya tathA vararucinAM prAkRta vyAkaraNa che. jema zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI pUrve pANini, zAkaTAyana, kAtaMtra, siddhAMtacaMdrikA, kaMThAbharaNAdi saMskRta vyAkaraNe racAyAM che chatAM, zrI hemacaMdrasUrie siddhahaima saMskRta vyAkaraNa racyuM, tema pANini, dhanapALa AdinAM prAkRta vyAkaraNa chatAM, zrI hemacaMdrAcArye prAkRta vyAkaraNa racyuM che. svAbhipreta saraLa-sugama-2sika zailIe dareka judA judA vidvAne eka ja AzayanI judI judI kRtio judI judI rIte, judAM judAM kSetre, judA judA samaye kare! vAta Ama che, tyAM zrI hemacaMdrasUrine prAkRtanA pANini gaNavA, Adya pragaTai TharAvavA ane ema karAvI jenI prAkRtamAMthI gujarAtIne avatAra saMbhAvI gujarAtInA janmanuM mAna jainone apAvavAnI yukti vidvAne te kaLI jaze. zrI hemacaMdrAcAryane apabhraSTa prAkRtanA pitA tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave te te ThIka che. carcAsaMpanna praznanI pUrvApara vidhayukta truTatI dalIlane viveka atre samApta thAya che. gujarAtI bhASA zAmAMthI avatarI haze? gujarAtImAM janmarAzi apabhraSTa prAkRta gujarAtI bhASA apabhraSTa prAkRtamAMthI utarI che. apabhraSTa prAkRtane vi. saM. caudamI sadInI stutimAne dAkhalo ApaNe upara TAMkyA che. zrI hemacaMdrasUrinI pahelAM ja taratamAM thayelA zrI abhayadevasUrine "Agama aSTottarI

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110 jaina sAhitya apabhraSTa prAkRtamAM che, te prathamanuM paNa apabhraSTa prAkRta hevuM joIe. zrI hemacaMdrasUrinA vArAnuM tathA tyAra pachI eka saikA pachI thayelA zrI merUtuMgasUrinuM tathA tyAra pachI thayelA zrI padmanAbha AdinuM ema apabhraSTa prAkatanAM udAharaNe rA. dhruve ApaNane A pariSadanI bIjI beThakanA pramukhasthAnethI saMbhaLAvyAM hatAM. A apabhraSTa prAkRta te jenonI svAMga mAlikInI, teonA sUtra-prakaraNanI prAkRtamAMthI apabhraSTa thayelI prAkRta nahiM, jenenI e prAkRta te avicchinna dhArAe cAlatI AvI che, ema ApaNe savistara upara jaNAvyuM che. A apabhaSTa prAkRta te sAmAnya janasamUhanI sAmAjika vaparAzanI prAkRtamAMthI apabhraMza pAmela che. gujarAtI bhASAnuM jemAMthI avataraNa thayuM, te sAmAjika apabhraSTa prAkRta. brAhmaNe prAkRtine upayoga na karatA? keI kaheze, ke prAkRta bhASAne vyavahAra jenAmAM ja hate; brAhmaNAdi anyamAM te zuddha saMskRtathI vyavahAra cAlate. A mAnInatA ekapakSI che. bhale brAhmaNadi lakhavAne vyavahAra saMskRtamAM karatA hoya bhale teoe lakhavAmAM kadAca prAkRtane upayoga na karyo hoya, bhale jenee bolavA-lakhavAmAM prAkRtathI ja vyavahAra karyo hoya, paNa eTaluM te ni saMzaya mAnavuM paDaze, ke sAmAnya janasamUhanI sAmAjika prAkRta bhASAmAM te baMnene hAtha hato; baMnene vyavahAra ochA-vadhAre paNa hate.

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bhASAmAM badhAno hisso gujarAtI kone ane jyArathI ga.111 sAmAnya janasamUha je vyAkaraNaviziSTa saMskRtathI ajJAta aparicita haze, tenI sAthe vyAkaraNAdi saMskRtanA jANanAra brAhmaNane avazya prAkRtamAM vyavahAra kare paDayo haze; ane brAhmaNoe prAkRta prati mukha macakeDI sAmAnya janasamUha pAse paNa saMskRta vANavyApAra karavAne ekAMta Agraha karyo hoya te, bhadrabha8mAMnA subApurI grAMTaDa anirathAlaya mUlyapatrikA Ape che, ema kahenAra pAtranI saMskRta nahi jANanAra pArasI TIkITamAstare jevI khabara lIdhI, tevI khabara levAI ja hoya. kahevAne Azaya e ke, sAmAjika apabhraSTa prAkRta bhASAmAM ane brAhmaNe badhAne hisse hatA, ane emAMthI gujarAtI avataravA pAmI che. gujarAtI kone ane kayArathI gaNavI ? gujarAtInI oLakhANaH prAcIna gujarAtImAM jAti-vacana AdimAM phera: prAcIna gujarAtIne hAlanI saMskArI gujarAtImAM avatAravI A prakaraNane A chello prazna che. gujarAtI kene ane kyArathI gaNavI? hAla ApaNe jene gujarAtIrUpe oLakhiye chiye, te gujarAtIne maLatI prAcInamAM prAcIna je gujarAtI jaNAya ane je madhyama varganA vidvAnane tarata samajavAmAM AvI zake, ene gaNavI. ane tevI guja. satInA prAcInamAM prAcIna je graMtha maLI Ave, tyArathI A gujarAtInI zarUAta gaNavI; AvI gujarAtImAM gujarAtI bhASAnAM niyAmaka vyAkaraNa. sUtronAM jAti-vacana AdinI

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112 jaina sAhitya thADI chuTa mukavI paDaze; prAcIna gujarAtImAM kavacit kvacita vacana jAti hAlanAM vyAkaraNane anusaratAM nahiM dekhAya, tathApi gujarAtI hAvAthI temAMnA bhAva te kharAkhara aMdha besaze; AvI gujarAtIne vidvAnA ekamata thAya tA enA mULa bhAva skhalita na thAya tevI rIte saMskArI gujarAtImAM prAcIna gujarAtIne hAlanI saMskArI gujarAtImAM avatAravI, avatAravAnI chuTa levI. zrI narasiMha mahetAnI pUrve thayelA jaina AcAryAMnA gujarAtI bhASAnA lekheA maLyA che; enI keTalAkanI nAMdha ame A viSayanA prathama prakaraNamAM lIdhI che. e prathama prakaraNa lakhyA achI amane vi. sa. 1405mAM dillImAM lakhAyalA '"rAjazekhara"nA vastupALanA rAsa"nI mAhitI maLI che. te uparAMta khIjA paNa "bharata mAhukhanI rAma"nI kSema prakAza rAsa''nI noMdha levI bhulI gayA chie. A sivAya bIjuM paNa sAhitya judA judA bhaMDArAmAM hAvuM saMbhave che. rA. rA. dhruva kAMTAvALA ane ThAkora. rA. rA. kezavalAla harSoMdarAya dhruva tA. 8-9-09nA patramAM amane lakhe che che ke-rAsAnI yAdInI prata mATe mahu AbhArI chu. e yAdImAM noMdhAyalA sAhitya uparAMta maha bIjI jata rAsAtmaka sAhitya che, e paNa noMdhAya * rA. rA. dhruva jaNAve che ke hamaNAM ja tenA jovAmAM e rAsa AvyA che; ane jaina che; eka vi. saM. 1225 ke 1245nA ane bIjo vi. sa. 1327nA "sakSetrI' nAme che. bhASA pabhraSTa prAkRta lAge che.

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rAjapATanAM udAharaNaH gautamarAsa te ThIka ityAdi. aSTAdhyAyI adinAM kavitA gujarAtI kahevAya ? A uparathI samajAya che, ke A vidvAn puruSe bIjA rAse joyA che. rA. rA. haragoviMdadAsa dvArakAdAsa pAse paNa vizeSa samUha sAMbhaLe che. vaLI re. rA. baLavaMtarAza kalyANarAya ThAkara paNa A onI yAdI joI bIjA paNa rase pheMkana+koleja lAyabrerImAM joyA hovAnuM amane jaNAve che. Ama jotAM anumAna thAya che, ke paMdarasA sikA pahelAMnuM paNa gujarAtI jaina sAhitya zodhakhoLanI maLI Ave. e game tema thAya, paNa gujarAtI karyuM ane kyArathI gaNavuM e aMge amane je lAge che te jaNAvyuM che. rA. dhru zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI adhyAyInA phakarA, zrI meratuMgasUrinA seraThAnAM svAM pade, vivekavilAsanA phakarA, padmanAbhanA kahAnaDade prabaMdhanA namunA TAMkyA che, ene guWAtI ke apabhraSTa bhASAnuM nAma ApavuM e vAta vicAravA jevI che ane te e phakarA bese che, paNa te gujarAtInA bedhane laIne ema te nahi ja. ApaNe jA. bularanAM pustaka uparathI ekAda be udAharaNa TAMkiye. - * rA. bA. kAMTAvALAnA patrathI jaNAya che, ke teonA jovAmAM surapALane rAsa" Avyo che, ane rANI rUpasuMdarI"ne rAsa lakhAya che, evuM temanuM dhAravuM che. + hekama kelejanI lAyabrerImAM ame yAdImAM ApelA sase sivAya bIjA paNa che.

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114 jena sAhitya - -- - -- - - - - - -- apabhraSTanAM udAharaNa " aTraya mUDha sahassA vIsalarAyassa bAra hamIrA / igabIsa surattANa taI diNA jagaDu dubhikkhe // " " dAnasAla jagaDu taNI ketI hUI saMsAri / naukaravAlI maNia je tehiM aggala viAri // " gautamadAsa jagaDuzA para keIe lakhelAM A baMne apabhraSTa prAkRtanAM pada che; paheluM jarA agharuM lAge che bIjuM saraLa che. jagaDuzA caudamA sikA (vi. saM.)mAM thaI gayA; eTale A prAcInamAM prAcIna gaNIe te paMdaramA sikAnuM kavita che. ene ApaNAthI gujarAtI te kahI zakAya ema nathI. paMdaramA sikAmAM apabhraSTa prAkRta lakhAyuM hoya tethI te saikAmAM gujarAtI na lakhAyuM hoya ema paNa ApaNAthI kahI zakAya ema nathI; kemake Aje gujarAtI pracalita chatAM rasika saMskRta-prAkRta Adi kRtio kare che. eTale caudamA saikAmAM paNa gujarAtI lakhAyuM hoya enI zedhakhiLa karavA jevI che. vi. saM. 141ramAM lakhAyele jaina gautamasvAmIne rAsa"--AmAM be bhASA che; eka vaSNu (vastu summary substances) arthAt avataraNarUpe AgaLa zuM vistAra Ave che, tenI sArasamuccayarUpa kRtabaddha gAthA ane bIje chaMdavibhAga. A pragaTa gujarAtImAM che; jaina paribhASAnA ajANapaNAne laI kadAca kaMI na samajAya che te judI vAta che te paricaya vizeSe samajI zakAya; bAkI bhASA saraLa-rasika gujarAtI che; alaMkArika che;

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upasaMhAra neka sAre carcA dU, "jema kusumavane parimala baheke; jema caMdana sugaMdha nidhi "jema gaMgAjaLa lhere lahake, " jema aMbara tArAgaNa vikase," ityAdi bhAga letAM pratIta thAya che, ke bhASA mIThAzavALI alaMkArika che. A rAsanA kartAne bIje "haMsa-vaccha" rAsa paNa mIThAzavALI alaMkArika bhASAmAM che. temAM paNa viSNu ane chaMda evA be vibhAga che. A rAsa ame A pariSahnA pradarzanamAM mukyuM che. prAcInatama gujarAtI jana sAhitya mudrita thaI have prasiddhimAM Avaze, ane matabhedarUpa daSTi dUra thaze. tathAstu ! Iti zama. morabI tA. 30-8-09 somavAra.| manasukhalAla kIracaMda mahetA

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alchbllo habeara pe