Sahitya Ane Patrakaratva

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032344/1

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sAhitya ane patrakAratva saMpAdaka:DaoN. kumArapALa desAI tArI insAniyata oratanA sadAkALa sattA to. phazAsana ane yano vivAda trIlekha - noTa Hii, jI nI re . kistAnamAM khabArI A gvAliya ra zahe 2nA cheDe , killAnA bo DhoLAvavALA mArga para AvelA matadAnamAM aMdha kAramAMthI eke 45 uMda ka A da mIna AkRti khAvI e AdamI eka karinI pAse goThAbhera tArI beThI ane lAMbo nizvAsa nAkhatI bolI, tene vyArA (Hi murAda ! huM tAro moTo bhAI bolDa auraMgajheba 28 tArI kabUra para maheMdI mUkavI lo e naduA gujAravA Avyo chuM, tAtI humagIra bAdazArNa mArI kahevAtI khula sio karI lauM.'' - 3 dA. vI o vAliyare 26 he ranA cheDe, killo nA DhoLAvavALA bhAga para AvelA mastAnamAM aMdha kAra mAMthI eka paDachaMda AdamInI AkRti AvI, e AdamI eka kabaranI pAse godaHbhera bedI ane lAMbo nikAsa nAkhanI bolI, cA bolA patrakAro zAsaka sana sudhare evA zubhAzayathI karAyelI { pyArA mAjI murAda. huM tAro moTo bhAI mahuM vAla dvArA apahatI jANa phA [] jovA mAMDe che. 'baLo mATI (pati) gajheba, Aja tArI kabara para maheMdI mUkavA - bairI (paLI) para zro e jUna 2 a Rya bIbAmAM DhALIne kahIe to 'nabaLat nuM duA gujAravA Avyo chuM. huMbakI mAlamagAra Psya patrakAra para zuro' tema kahI za || nasakoe taTastha patrakAro para avAranavAra bAdazAha mArI kahevAnI gunegArI. viro. thoDI nArI hovAnA kissA bane ja che. hama | tamAM zarIpha zAsana ane patrakAro vaccenA te khulAso karI lauM." saMbaMdhoe Avo vivAda sarje che. rema sapheda pAMzu vyakti thobhI, enI dhoLI tuM pahelAM bhAratamAM inDo.pAka kezipa S2 TAIma'nA (2) najhama zeThIe ke vicAra goSThimAM pAki.mAM zarIpha zAya UNapo para AMgaLI cIMdhI hatI. tenAthI to bhavAMvALI AMkhomAM Akhoya itihAsa AvIne nA pAke, zAsakoe temane dezadrohI na ne apaharaNamAM khapI jAya evI chupI dharapakaDa A samAyo. eNo murAdanI kabarane kahyuM , no AkSepa che. temane bhAratanI saMsI uMsthA ro (Ara e Dabalya)nA ejanTa gaNAvIneTT (Dya murala! suraja na dIvAna bajUtho bu vaDano dhUha coDyo che ke jethI lAhora TAimsa'mAM chapAtI sarakAranI TIkA o para ane suMdarIne pachI tene motane ghATa vinA, - paDado pADI zakAya. . re gajebano AkAra dhuM dilhI khAtenI vicAragoSThimAM zrI najhama zeThIe dhyakata karela TIkAtmaka vicArone parathI bIjuM gulAba kADhayuM ne ! nAvIne temane jhapaTamAM lIdhA che. temanA megejhinamAM vyakta thatI taTastha TIkAonA AtmAnI zAnti mATe pharI A taka jhaDapI levAmAM AvI che. zrI zeThInA patrInA eka ahevAlamAM havAlo ApIne vAre e bolyo, che ke zrI zarIphanA mitra samudAyamAMthI amane tathA amArA sTAphane dhamakIo kayAnI vatI hatI. pAkistAnamAM u e stare bhraSTAcAra aMge bIbIsI dvArA banAvAtI philmamAM AvIne kAronI mulAkAta levAi hatI te tamAmane eka yA bIjI rIte dhamakI maLI rahI che ke herAna cA che. - kestAnanI jAsUsI saMsthA AiesaAie tathA pheDarala invesTIgezana ejansIe zrI 25 kaDuM aMga azAna darzAvyuM che. teno artha e ke temane anya koIe duzamana dave guma DAno dekhAva karavAnuM ucca kakSAe agAu vicArAyuM hovuM joIe, virodha pakSoe khAM tapUrva vaDApradhAna beMnajhIra bhuTTo vageree vartamAna zAsanane "akhabArI jagatanuM duDI nuM niAvyo utAryA L. eNe kamara ( ra para mUkyuM. mRta nahI hai jisa gI kisI bhI = a 8, 9. dalAva 3 , AS A { vakhata pahelAM pezAvara khAte carasa rAkhavAnA gunA sababa pakaDAyelA eka rahematathA ArIdIne lAhoranI jelamAM pUrI devAmAM AvyA che, kaDaka sajA nareina maLI haLI paNa zake nahi, A banAvamAM sUccAI je hoya te paNa e vivAda sarjAyA pachI patrakAro ja nahi loko paNa mAnavA lAgyA che AkhavA mATe khoTI rIte carsanA gunAmAM saMDovI devAmAM AvyA hatA , Tipha zersa ane sarakAra vacce cAlatA STAcAra aMge potAnAM a.. lakhavA mATe jANItA hatA. AphrIdInI najIkanA vartuLa avAranavAra temane bolAvIne dabANa karAtuM hatuM ke tame ja kALA jevI moTAM nAmone mAdaka dravyonI dANacarImAM saMDovA " zuM? eka AjanI 1 suMdarIno ! DagI jAya che, e bAdazAha jI re bhUla, ( chatAM haMmezAM | khabara che ( rahe che, mArI | jIra braha: jas/panA / parI jI ne tArInaMtA 'tarI karI rahyA (chAparI hAsto te kadI bAdazatha pheI bAbata ( vicAra paNa na karyo. ta2# DApaTa gAte bIrabalaH = kahyuM hatuM ke koI eka gola para tamAre bIjI gAla dharavo ja jamAvahina kare che hai ye ! | mana teno ' paNa 2janmo para phA nuM maMdira gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada : = amadAvAda-380OOG

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jhaveracaMda meghANI jJAnapITha prakAzana zreNI-1 sAhitya ane patrakAratva saMpAdaka kumArapALa desAI ja sADa, ra gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada : amadAvAda-380009

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Sahitya ane Patrakaratva : 1999Ed. by Kumarpal Desai Published by Gujarati Sahitya Parishad Ahmedabad - 380009 mudraNa adhikAra : gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada prathama AvRtti : 1980 dvitIya saMvardhita AvRtti: 1999 kiMmata : 130 rUpiyA prata saMkhyA : 550 mukhapRSTha rajanI vyAsa prakAzaka mAdhava rAmAnuja, prakAzanamaMtrI, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada AzramamArga, amadAvAda-380009 kaoNpyuTara TAIpa seTiMga: insTiTyUTa oNpha jainolojI, amadAvAda mudraka bhagavatI mudraNAlaya 15/sI, baMsIdhara esTeTa bAraDolapurA amadAvAda-380004

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prakAzakIya dareka pravRttinAM be pariNAmo hoI zake : eka, tatkAlavartamAnane prabhAvita karanAruM pariNAma ane bIjuM thayelA kAmanI dUragAmI asaro nIpajAvanAruM pariNAma. A bhUmikAe gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade 'sAhitya ane patrakAratva' viSaya para 20mI eprila, 1980nA divase yojelA parisaMvAda upara nirdezyAM che. e baMne pariNAmonI dRSTie saphaLa rahyo che. parisaMvAdamAM upasthita rahelA zrotAo temAM apAyelAM vaktavyothI samRddha thayA to, e vaktavyo pUrve parabanA vizeSAMka rUpe tathA pachIthI "sAhitya ane patrakAratva' e zIrSakathI graMtha rUpe sulabha banatAM patrakAratva ane sAhitya ubhayakSetranAM jijJAsu-abhyAsI vAcako paNa lAbhAnvita thayA. 1980mAM prakAzita thayeluM e pustaka chellAM keTalAka varSothI alabhya thayuM hatuM. e sthitimAM mAtra tenuM punarmudraNa na karatAM sAmagrImAM thoDuM saMvardhana paNa thayuM che jeno yaza saMpAdaka zrI kumArapALa desAIne phALe ja jAya che. apekSA che saMvardhita rUpe punarmudrita A AvRtti paNa sauno AvakAra pAmaze. mAdhava rAmAnuja prakAzanamaMtrI gujarAta sAhitya pariSada

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saMpAdakIya [bIjI AvRtti veLAe ] sAhitya ane patrakAratva vize 1980nI 20mI eprile gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade parisaMvAda yojyo hato jenI vigato prathama AvRttinI prastAvanAmAMthI maLI raheze. A viSayanA abhyAsIonI mAMgane kAraNe A pustakanuM punaH prakAzana thaI rahyuM che. paMdara varSanA gALAmAM patrakAratvajagatamAM ghaNAM dUragAmI asaro karanArAM parivartano thayAM che. A parivartanonI A graMthamAM yathAzakya noMdha lIdhI che. A graMthanuM lakhANa pratyeka lekhakane mokalavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane temAM je kAMI pheraphAra sUcavyA te badhAno AmAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko vize pUrtirUpe zrI ramaNa sonIe lekha lakhI Apyo, te mATe AbhArI chuM. pustakane aMte gUjarAta vidyApITha graMthAlayanA rIDara zrI navalasiMha ke. vAghelAe abhyAsIone upayogI evI vistRta lekhasUci karI ApI che. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada A pustakanuM punaH prakAzana kare che te mATe e saMsthAne kAryavAhakono AbhArI chuM. A viSayanA vidyArthIo ane abhyAsIone A pustaka upayogI banaze tema mAnuM chuM. tA. 21 mArca, 99 - kumArapALa desAI

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prastAvanA [prathama AvRtti ] sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacce gADha saMbaMdha che. eka rIte joIe to patrakAratva sAhityanuM ja eka aMga che. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA dilhImAM yojAyelA adhivezanamAM patrakAratva vibhAga hato, paNa e pachI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA adhivezanamAM sarjana, vivecana, saMzodhana ane parisaMvAda eTalA ja vibhAgo rAkhavAnuM nakkI thayuM, jethI patrakAratva jevo sAhityanI najIkano ane kyAreka to sAhityanI aneka zAkhAo sAthe otaprota lAgato vibhAga sIdhI sAhityika carcAno lAbha pAmI zakyo nathI. patrakAratva evuM samUha mAdhyama che ke tenI sAtheno sAhityano saMbaMdha parokSa banato jAya te pAlave nahIM. vividha sAhityika pravRttio, anulekhana, AsvAda, prakAzananA prazno vagerene sAhityika patrakAratva sAthe AMtarika saMbaMdha che. eTale sAhitya ane patrakAratvanI ekabIjAnA pUraka tarIkenI kAmagIrInI samIkSA karavI, mUlyAMkana karavuM ane tene vize pravartatAM bhramo ane gerasamaja dUra karavA mATe patrakAro ane sAhityakAro ekaThA maLIne carcA-vicAraNA kare te jarUranuM lAgyuM. tenuM mUrta pariNAma eTale sAhitya pariSadanA upakrame yojAto A parisaMvAda. jema ghaNA adhyApako sarjako hoya che tema amuka patrakAro paNa sarjako che. tethI adhyApananA ane patrakAratvanA praznonI carcA kyAreka sAhityanA tAtvika temaja vyAvahArika praznonI carcAmAM madadarUpa thaI zake. sAhityanI sAcI samaja keLavI zakAya ane sarjAtA sAhitya vize sAcI dizAno abhigama baMdhAto jAya tevuM sarjavAmAM adhyApako, sAhityakAro ane patrakAronuM A prakAranuM milana khUba upakAraka thAya tema che. pariSadabhUmi para yojAyelA prathama kavi-saMmelanamAM saMmelananA pramukha zrI niraMjana bhagate kaheluM ke zikSaNa-saMsthAomAM sAhitya e sAdhana che, jyAre sAhitya pariSada jevI saMsthAo mATe sAhitya sAdhana ane sAdhya baMne bane che. eTale ke ahIM sAhitya sIdhuM bhAvaka sudhI pahoMce evA upakramo thavA joIe.

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A prakAranA kAryakramomAM saMniSTha patrakAronI madada maLatAM ene navuM ja parimANa maLe che enI khAtarI A parisaMvAda karAvI. AnaMdanI vAta to e che ke Ane aMge adhikArI, vidvAno, taMtrIo, patrakAro ane lekhakono sakriya sAtha maLI zakyo ane temanA A viSaya paranA mananIya vArtAlApo prApta thaI zakyA. A parisaMvAdanI vyavasthA ane tene lagatI keTalIka javAbadArI navagujarAta kaoNlejanI malTikorsa insTiTyUTa ane tenA pramukha AcAryazrI ema. sI. zAhe sAhityaprItyarthe upADI lIdhI enI noMdha levI ghaTe. A rIte gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA kAryakramomAM zikSaNa-saMskAranI vividha saMsthAoe sahakAra ApI eka taMdurasta praNAlikA UbhI karI che, jenuM anukaraNa gujarAtanI anya saMsthAo paNa karaze tevI apekSA che. gujarAtanAM judAM judAM zahero ane gAmaDAMomAM AvA aneka kAryakramo thaI zake. A parisaMvAdamAM sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA paraspara saMbaMdhone vyApakapaNe AvarI letI daSTie viSayonuM Ayojana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dareka beThakamAM eka viSaya rAkhI tenAM judAM judAM pAsAMo vize vividha vaktAo carcA kare ane dareka beThakane aMte beThakanA adhyakSazrI samApana kare tevI vyavasthA hatI. carcAne aMte aneka muddAo ane prazno UpasI AvyA hatA. A parisaMvAdano AraMbha ravivAra tA. 20-4-'80nA roja thayo. prAraMbhe A lakhanAre parisaMvAdanA Ayojana pAchaLanI bhUmikA samajAvI. e pachI pri. ema. sI. zAhe bhAga laI rahelA lekhaka ane patrakAramitronuM svAgata karyuM. zrI vADIlAla DagalInA prAraMbhika uddhodhane sAhitya ane patrakAratvane lagatA mahattvanA muddAone carcAnI eraNa para upasAvIne mUkyA. A pachI gujarAtanA be agraNI dainikonA taMtrIoe potAnAM vaktavyo ApyAM. tyAra bAda prathama beThakano prAraMbha karavAmAM Avyo. cAre beThakamAM judA judA vaktAo bhinna bhinna viSayo para bolyA. savAranA nava vAgyAthI zarU thayelo A parisaMvAda sAMjanA poNA sAta sudhI cAlyo hato. bapore lekhakoe ane patrakAroe sAthe bhojana lIdhuM hatuM ane Akho divasa sAhityakAro ane patrakArono meLApa cAlu rahyo hato.

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AmAM zrotAo moTI saMkhyAmAM hAjara hatA. muMbaI, naDiyAda, bhAvanagara, surendranagara, kheDA jevAM sthaLoethI A viSayamAM rasa dharAvanArA jijJAsuo upasthita rahyA hatA. parisaMvAdamAM sAmela thanAra vaktAo uparAMta zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa, zrI Izvara peTalIkara, zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, zrI jhINAbhAI desAI (sneharazmi), zrI bhoLAbhAI paTela, zrI jayaMta koThArI, zrI pramodakumAra paTela, zrI vinoda bhaTTa, zrI cimanalAla trivedI, zrI jayaMta gADIta, zrI caMdrakAnta zeTha ane zrImatI varSA aDAlajA jevA sAhityakAro temaja zrI kRSNavIra dIkSita, zrI cakora, zrI bAbubhAI zAha, zrI maheza ThAkara, zrI ravIndra bhaTTa, zrI dhanaMjaya zAha jevA patrakAro paNa hAjara hatA. zrI yaza zukla, zrI jayavadana paTela ane zrI cImanabhAI paTela anupasthita hovAthI emanA nibaMdhonuM vAMcana anukrame zrI priyakAnta parIkha, zrI maheza ThAkara ane zrImatI varSA aDAlajAe karyuM hatuM. Ama Akho divasa sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA pArasparika saMbaMdha ane prabhAvanAM judAM judAM pAsAMonI chaNAvaTa karavAmAM AvI temAM gujarAtI vartamAnapatro ane sAmayikapatronI carcA paNa sAMkaLI levAmAM AvI hatI. A parisaMvAdamAM upasthita vaktAoe upasAvelA prazno sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA kSetre navAM prasthAno mATenI bhUmikA taiyAra karI Apaze, ane e rIte baMne kSetromAM cAlatI pravRttine upakAraka nIvaDaze to A parisaMvAdanA Ayojanano hetu saphaLa thayelo gaNAze. "parabanA jUna 80nA vizeSAMkamAM pragaTa thayelA lekho ahIM graMthastha karavAmAM AvyA che. AmAM graMthane aMte gujarAtImAM pragaTa thayelAM pustakonI sUci banAvavAmAM sahAyarUpa thavA mATe gUjarAta vidyApITha graMthAlaya ane gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada graMthAlayanA utsAhI sAhityapremIonA AbhArI chIe. sAhitya ane patrakAratva ubhaya kSetramAM pravRtti karanArane A pustaka upayogI nIvaDaze, evI zraddhA che. - kumArapALa desAI | | |

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anukrama sAhitya ane patrakAratva 1. sAhitya ane patrakAratva 2. paraspara pUraka pravRtti 3. Ajano yakSaprazna H akhabArI svAtaMtrya gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM 4. svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva 5. svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva 6.gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedana 7. gujarAtI akhabAromAM kaTAkSa-kavitA 8. taMtrIlekho 9. vikAsano Alekha 10. patrakAranI kriyAzIlatA 11. patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA 12. patrakAratvano lokaprabhAva 13. patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa 14. prabaLa racanAtmaka zakti patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka baLa sAhityika patrakAratva 15. sAhityika sAmayiko : jUnAM ane navAM 16. gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka dRSTipAta 17. gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa 18. sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha 19. sAhityetara viSayo 20. eka ja mulkanI be kahANI vADIlAla DagalI zreyAMsa zAha cImanabhAI paTela 21. dainika patronuM Arthika Ayojana 22. dainika vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM rahasya 23. patrakAranI sajjatA 27. phalazruti 28. patrakAratva : lekhasUci 29. kartAsUci 24. vyavasAyI patrakAronI samasyA 25. niSThA ane khumArIno raNakAra 26. parisaMvAdano samAropa baLavaMtabhAI zAha yAsIna dalAla jayavadana paTela nAthAlAla dave yajJeza zukla vAsudeva mahetA narendra trivedI ramaNa sonI patrakAratva : eka paDakAra narabherAma sadAvratI kumArapALa desAI niraMjana parIkha harIndra dave 67 kirITa bhaTTa bhagavatIkumAra zarmA 71 caMdrakAnta eca. mahetA 78 cImanabhAI paTela Izvara je. paMcolI pratApa zAha bhUpata vaDodariyA kirITa 2. bhaTTa zazIkAnta nANAvaTI 11 18 21 nIru desAI yazavanta zukla raghuvIra caudharI navalasiMha vAghelA 29 8so x ja chu 6-2 101 113 118 127 131 139 144 149 153 158 160 163 171 231

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sAhitya ane patrakAratva

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- - - - - - - - - | zrI vADIlAla DagalI - zrI zreyAMsa zAha - | zrI cImanabhAI paTela - --- - - - - - - - - - sAhitya ane patrakAratva paraspara pUraka pravRtti Ajano yakSaprazna : akhabArI svAtaMtrya |

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- sAhitya ane patrakAratva vADIlAla DagalI patrakAratva ane sAhityano kAco mAla bhASA che. bAMdhakAma udyoganI paribhASAmAM kahuM to sAhitya ane patrakAratva baMnenAM IMTa-cUno ane simenTa bhASA che. AthI eka evo AbhAsa thAya ke A baMne eka ja prakAranI pravRtti che. paNa hakIkata ema che ke patrakAratva ApaNA rahevAnA sIdhAsAdA ghara jevuM che, jyAre sAhitya tAjamahAla jevI kaLAkRti che. kAco mAla eka che, paNa AkharI banAvaTa judI che. koI patrakAre bahu sAro lekha lakhyo hoya to koI ema kahe : "A to eka sAhityakRti jevuM tame lakhyuM." koI sAhityakRti nabaLI hoya to vivecaka kahI bese : "A to chApALavuM che." Ama kaLAnI dRSTie patrakAratvanI matharAvaTI melI che. paNa evuM banatuM hoya che ke ghaNA patrakAro sAhityamAM paDyA hoya che. ghaNA uttama sAhityakAro uttama patrakAro paNa hatA. Ama kahuM chuM tyAre gAMdhIjI, munazI, meghANI, mahAdevabhAI, jayaMtI dalAla ane maDiyA mane tarata yAda Ave che. vidyamAna sAhityakAronI vAta karIe to umAzaMkara jozI, Izvara peTalIkara, harIndra dave, bhagavatIkumAra zarmA ane rAdhezyAma zarmAnuM smaraNa thAya che. A yAdI ghaNI lAMbI karI zakAya. paNa kahevAno muddo e che ke patrakAra ane sAhityakAranuM joDakuM ApaNA saMskArajagatanI sAmAnya ghaTanA che. sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA saMbaMdhanI carcA karIe e pahelAM sAhitya ane patrakAratva zuM che e jANavAno prayatna karIe. sAhitya eTale evuM lakhANa ke jenuM mukhya lakSaNa sarva kALa ane sarva sthaLanA bhAvakone AnaMda Ape evA vicAronI abhivyakti ane AkRti hoya. sAhityanA hArdamAM bahu vizALa arthamAM vicAra che. A vicAranI rajUAta e abhivyakti ane je kRti dvArA abhivyakti thAya che enI racanAkaLA eTale AkRti. Ama kavitA, nibaMdha, vArtA ke nATaka A sAhityavicAranuM mALakhuM che. sAhityano AnaMdakaNa vicAramAMthI janme che. sAhityanI eka lAkSaNikatA e che ke e sthaLa ane kALa para vijaya meLave

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12 D sAhitya ane patrakAratva che. sAhityanI abhivyakti ane AkRtinI kaLA jeTalI UMcI teTalI e sAhityakRtinI sthaLa-kALa sAme vijayakSamatA. kavi bhavabhUtie jyAre paga lAMbA karIne nirAMte kahyuM : "jAto hyayaM niravadhiH vipunA 7 pRthvI" tyAre teNe potAno sAhityika AtmavizvAsa vyakta karatAM karatAM sAhityanA eka pradhAna lakSaNanuM varNana paNa karyuM hatuM. patrakAratva eTale evuM lakhANa ke je samAcAra Ape, samAcAra samajAve ane samAcAranI samIkSA kare. A lakhANanA vicAro uparachallA hoya che. eno jhoka lokapriyatA bhaNI hoya che ane enI racanA utAvaLamAM karI hoya che. AthI ja AjanuM chApuM AvatI kAle pastI banI jAya che. jyAre sAhityakRti dasakAonI avagaNanA pachI paNa kyAreka pharI mAthuM UMcake che ane tAjA gulAba jevI lAge che. paNa ahIM kahevuM joIe ke keTaluMka patrakAratva kaLAkRtinI koTie pahoMce che. sAhitya ane patrakAratvanI meM je vyAkhyAo ApI e zuddha vyAkhyAo che. hakIkata jarA judI paNa hoya. sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacce eTalI Ava-jA hoya che ke banne sImADA satata sa2katA sImADA che. AthI sAhitya ane patrakAratva viSe ApaNe je carcA karI emAM eka vAta satata yAda rAkhavI paDaze : A baMne vyavasAyonuM mAdhyama zabda che. 3 sAhitya ane patrakAratvanuM mAdhyama samAna che, paNa baMnenAM dhyeya judAM che. patrakAratva banAvonI AjubAju phare che. banAva patrakAratvano prANa che. nakkara samAcAra mATe patrakAra mathAmaNa karato hoya che. enI TippaNo eTale ke taMtrIlekhono pAyo paNa nakkara samAcAra che. sAhityanuM lakSya samAcAra nahIM paNa mAnavanuM citta che. sthULa banAva sAhityano kAco mAla che. patrakAratvanA prANa samA nakkara samAcAra paNa sAhityane mATe to phakta khIMTI ja che. A khIMTI upara sAhitya enI potAnI duniyA evI rIte TIMgADe che ke khIMTI adRzya thaI jAya che ane sAhityasarjana pragaTa thAya che. sAhityano AdhAra kalpanA che, patrakAratvano AdhAra hakIkata che. navalakathA ke navalikA mATe kathAnaka (plaoNTa) hovuM sAva jarUrI nathI. A Adhunika prayogazIla vArtAkAro pUratuM maryAdita nathI. zrI rAmanArAyaNa pAThakanI navalikA "jakSaNI" tame pharI vAMcazo to huM zuM kahevA mAguM chuM e spaSTa thaze. "jakSaNI''mAM kathAnaka nathI chatAM tamane sArI vArtA ane sArI sAhityakRti maLe che.

Page #14
sAhitya ane patrakAratva [ 13 have savAla e thAya che ke sAhityanA mULa samI kalpanA zuM che ? kalpanAmAM lAgaNI ane tarka baMnenuM mizraNa che ke konuM ochuM pramANa ke konuM vadhu pramANa e kahI na zakAya. lAgaNI ane tarkanI sapramANatA sAhityaviveka che. jyAre tarkano atireka thAya tyAre sAhitya maTI zAstra thAya ane lAgaNIno atireka thAya tyAre sAhitya maTIne atiraMjana thAya. sAhityakAra ane jarUrI vastu - anivArya cIja kalpanA, sAhityaviveka ane Agavo dRSTikoNa che. sAhityakAra mATe mahattva kathAnuM nahIM paNa dRSTikoNanuM che. zeksapiyare aitihAsika ane kAlidAse paurANika kathAo laIne e kathAone potAnA dRSTikoNathI evI rIte badalI ke mAnavajAtane amara nATako maLyAM. sAhityamAM prANaprazna lekhakano dRSTikoNa che. evo savAla Ubho thAya ke lekhakano dRSTikoNa zuM padArtha che ? mane lAge che ke lekhakano dRSTikoNa eTale lekhakanI jIvanasamajaNa. lekhaka kaI rIte jIvananuM arthaghaTana kare che ane kaI rIte jIvananA aMdhArA khUNAmAM prakAza pheMke che e parathI eno dRSTikoNa nakkI thAya che. jIvananA arthaghaTananI vAta karuM chuM tyAre manamAM evo savAla Ubho thAya che ke koNa jIvananuM arthaghaTana maulika rIte karI zake ? mane ema lAge che ke jIvananuM arthaghaTana e Akhare to lekhaka mATe potAnI jAtanuM arthaghaTana che. aMgata anubhavanI saccAI sArA sAhityano mApadaMDa che, AthI je sUkSmatAthI potAnI jAtane jANe ane sarjakatAthI chatI kare e lekhaka sAhityapadArtha pAme. moMteinanA nibaMdho, gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA, kabIranI kavitA ane dostovaskInuM "krAima eNnDa panizamenTa" A dRSTie jovAthI A muddo vadhu spaSTa thaze. patrakAratva paNa jIvananuM arthaghaTana kare che, paNa e arthaghaTana sImita che. patrakAratvanuM arthaghaTana cokkasa sthaLa ane cokkasa kALa pUratuM maryAdita hoya che. eNe to zuM banyuM, kevI rIte banyuM ane e banAvanI pAchaLa kayAM baLo kAma karatAM hatAM eTalAthI ja saMtoSa mAnavo paDe che. patrakAratva pratyAghAta Ape che e moTA bhAge samAjanA pratinidhionA ane taMtrInA. sAhityanA pratyAghAta aMgata hoya che. sAmAnya rIte, patrakAratvanA pratyAghAta sAmAjika hoya che. sAhitya ane patrakAratva vaccenA bhedanI vAta karIe chIe tyAre e baMne bhASAno upayoga kare che temAM zo phera che e joIe. patrakAra bhASAno upayoga kare

Page #15
14 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva che tyAre te jANe ke zabdane kaheto hoya che ke, "mArI pAse samaya nathI." TUMkAM vAkyomAM, TUMkA phakarAmAM patrakAra mAhitI ane TippaNa rajU karavA mAge che. patrakAra mATe bhASA kevaLa sAdhana che. patrakAra bhASAno upayoga kare paNa bhASAmAM DUbI na jAya. ene to bhASAnI pavanapAvaDIe caDI samAcAro dezanA eka cheDethI bIjA cheDA sudhI phelAvI devA che. sArI bhASA patrakAra lakhe, paNa e eka ADapedAza che. enuM mukhya kAma to atyaMta lAghavapUrvaka samAcAro ApavAnuM ane samajAvavAnuM che. patrakAra bhASAbhakti karavA jAya to bAvAnAM beya bagaDe. alaMkArita bhASA patrakAra lakhe to enuM vartamAnapatra kathaLI jAya. patrakAramAM bhASA pratye sabhAnatA che paNa e sabhAnatA banAvanI asarakAraka rajUAta mATe vaparAya che. sAhityakAra mATe bhASA sAdhana ane sAdhya bane che. sAhityakAra bhASAno upayoga koI ghaTanAnI vAta karavA mATe nahIM paNa jIvananI jhAMya samajAvavA mATe karato hoya che. AthI sArA sAhityakAranuM citta tAjA zabdonI TaMkazALa jevuM hoya che. ghaNI vAra zabda to eno e hoya paNa e zabdane koI sAro sarjaka je rIte vApare tethI enI arthachAyA badalAI jAya che. sAhityakAra bhASAno arthathI bhinna evo paNa upayoga kare che. zabdanuM lAvaNya, zabdano dhvani ane zabdano laya sAhityakAra satata vikasAve che. sAhityakAra mATe bhASAnA sauMdaryanuM nirmANa e pote eka hetu banI jAya che. patrakAratva mATe A kaLApravRtti aDacaNakartA che paNa sAhityakAra mATe e upakAraka che. sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacce jeTalI bhinnatA che teTalI samAnatA paNa che. baMneno pAyo bhASA che eTale bhASA pratye sabhAnatA patrakAramAM paNa hoya che. sauthI AkarSaka samAnatA e che ke baMne zabdanI zodha kare che. hetu judA che paNa yogya zabda mATe baMne mathe che. zabdanI zodha jyAre patrakAra kare che tyAre paNa bhASAnI kSamatA vadhe che. * Adhunika samayamAM A zabdanI zodhanI pravRttimAM sAhityakAra ane patrakAra najIka AvyA che. AnuM kAraNa kadAca e che ke baMne bolacAlanA zabdo zodhatA hoya che. bolacAlanI bhASA sAhityika bhASA karatAM vadhAre akRtrima che eTalA mATe kadAca sAhityakAra emanA bhaNI najara karato haze. sAhityakArane arthanI ja nahIM paNa vANInI pramANikatA paNa joIe che. vaLI bolaca nI bhASA vahetA pANI jevI che.

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sAhitya ane patrakAratva 15 AthI emAM jharaNAnI tAjagI hoya che. Ama bolacAlanI bhASAmAM ghaNI vAra zabdanI pramANikatA ane tAjagI hoya che. patrakArane bolacAlanI bhASAmAM abhivyaktinI asarakAraka sagavaDa maLe che. gAMdhIjInA patrakAratvamAM bolacAlanI bhASAno je rIte upayoga thayo tethI ajagara jevo paDelo deza Ubho thaI cAlavA mAMDyo. jhaveracaMda meghANI, amRtalAla zeTha, karasanadAsa mANeka ane cunIlAla maDiyAe je rIte bolacAlanI bhASAno upayoga karyo tethI gujarAtI patrakAratva ane gujarAtI bhASA baMne eka pagathiyuM UMce caDyAM. sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacce sauthI moTI samAnatA e che ke baMneno viSaya mANasanuM sAmudAyika jIvana che. patrakAratva samAjanI tavArIkha che. AjanuM patrakAratva AvatI kAlano itihAsa che. judI judI ghaTanAo dvArA patrakAratva samAjanI tasavIra rajU kare che. sAhityakAra vyakti ane samAjanI tasavIra evI rIte dore che ke e kaLAkRti bane. Ama, patrakAra samAjano phoTogrAphara che, sAhitya samAjano citrakAra che. sAhityakArano avAja aMgata che paNa patrakAranI jema teno viSaya to mAnavasamAja che. ekapAtrI navalakathA lakho to paNa tamAre pAtranI AjubAjunA samAja vize ja lakhavuM paDe. pAtranA mananI ja vAta lakhavI hoya ane tenA cittanI bahAranI duniyAne eka bAju rAkhavI hoya to mane dahezata che ke e sAhitya nahIM bane. pAtranA manamAM zuM cAle che eTaluM ja lakhavuM hoya to e adhyAtma kahevAya; sAhitya nahIM. Ama mAnavajIvana sAhitya ane patrakAratvano eka mAtra viSaya che. patrakAra mAnavajIvananuM bayAna lakhato jAya che, jyAre sAhityakAra mAnavajIvananA kAcA mAlamAMthI potAnA kalpanAbaLathI navI duniyA sarje che. sAhitya ane patrakAratva je rIte bhASA pAsethI kAma le chellethI bhASA samRddha bane che. A satata prakriyA che. jo sAhitya ane patrakAratva ekabIjA pAsethI zIkhe to baMnenI guNavattAmAM kyAreka vadhAro thAya. sAhitya patrakAratva pAsethI zuM zIkhI zake ? patrakAramAM je cokasAI hoya che e sAhityakAre keLavavA jevI che. samAcAra saMsthAnI cokasAI ApaNA navalakathAkAro ane nibaMdhakAromAM hoya to sAhitya tamArA ne mArA jIvana mATe vadhu prastuta bane. A karatAMye moTI vAta e che ke

Page #17
16 sAhitya ane patrakAratva hakIkatanI coksAInA pAyA para kalpanA sAhityakRti race to sAhityakRtinI guNavattA vadhe ema mane lAge che. patrakAratvamAM sthaLamaryAdAne kAraNe je lAghava che eno paNa sAhityakAre abhyAsa karavo joIe. patrakAratvamAM zabdALutA ane lAghava ekasAthe hoya che paNa enAmAM je lAghava che e sAhityakRtimAM sIMcavA jevuM che. munazInI navalakathAomAM bhASAnuM je lAghava che ene kAraNe emAM je vega Avyo che emAM patrakAratvanA sArA aMzonI chAMTa che. patrakAratva sAhitya pAsethI bhASAnuM sauMdarya kema nirmANa karavuM e jANI zake che. sAhityakAra mATe bhASA kevaLa mAdhyama nathI, paNa eka sauMdaryazAstrIya nema paNa che. AthI ahIM bhASA kevaLa zveta ke zyAma raMganI nahIM paNa vacagALAnA raMgovALI paNa hoya che. AvI bhASAne kAraNe vicAramAM paNa anAyAse kyAreka nIrakSIrabhAvanI mAtrA vadhe che. patrakAra sAhityanI A zabdamathAmaNa tarapha vadhAre dhyAna Ape to enuM patrakAratva ekIsAthe vadhu cokkasa ane lAvaNyamaya banI zake. paNa patrakAratvane sAhitya pAsethI kaMI kharuM zIkhavAnuM hoya to e mAnavamUlyo mATenI cIvaTa, sAhityanA aMtaraMgamAM anukaMpA haMmezAM hoya che. A anukaMpAnI abhivyakti nabaLI baLI hoya, paNa anukaMpAne tame sAva nicovI nAkhI sArI sAhityakRti bhAgye ja racI zako. patrakAratva para sAhityanI A anukaMpAnI jharamara thAya to mAnavasamAjanI samasyA e vadhu asarakAraka rIte rajU karI zake. sAhityakAranI anukaMpA patrakAratvamAM praveze to patrakAratvanuM phalaka atyAre che e karatAM moTuM thavAnI zakyatA che. ApaNe tyAM aMgrejI bhASAnuM prAdhAnya che eTale enA aneka phAyadA ane keTalAka geraphAyadA thayA che. paNa eka vAta ApaNe svIkAravI paDaze ke aMgrejI bhASA ApaNA saMskArajIvana mATe eka agatyanI bhASA bahu lAMbA samaya sudhI rahevAnI che. sAhityanI vAta karIe to aMgrejImAMthI uttama sAhityanA anuvAda ApaNe karIe chIe ane enI gati vadhavI joIe. vartamAnapatro to moTA bhAge aMgrejImAM AvatA samAcAronA gujarAtImAM anuvAda ApatAM hoya che ane sArA aMgrejI lekhono paNa anuvAda gujarAtI vartamAnapatro ane sAmayikomAM ghaNI vakhata pragaTa thato hoya che.

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sAhitya ane patrakAratva 17 AvI moTI pravRtti pratye ApaNAM vartamAnapatro, yunivarsiTIo ane gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada jevI vidyAsaMsthAonI upekSA stabdha karI de evI sAMskArika ghaTanA che. vartamAnapatranA kAryakarono moTo bhAga A anuvAdapravRttimAM ja rokAyelo hoya che. Ama chatAM ApaNe ema mAnIe chIe ke anuvAdanI bAbatamAM to paDaze evA devAze jevuM valaNa rAkhavuM e ThIka che. AvI manovRttine kAraNe ApaNA patrakAratvanuM vaicArika pota pAtaLuM rahyuM che kAraNa ke anuvAdamAM agharo zabda Ave to ene eka bAju mUkI jaladI anuvAda presamAM pahoMcADavAnI vRtti hoya che. sAhityakRtimAM paNa AvuM banatuM hoya che. AthI mAruM evuM sUcana che ke gujarAtanAM vartamAnapatro, yunivarsiTIo ane thoDI vidyAsaMsthAoe bhegAM thaIne eka anuvAda saMsthA (TrAnsalezana insTiTyUTa) sthApavI joIe. A saMsthAnI dasabAra mukhya sthaLomAM zAkhAo hovI joIe. A saMsthAe anuvAda eka viSaya tarIke zIkhavavo joIe ane Ama karatAM karatAM zikSaNa sAthe eka DiplomA ApavAnI goThavaNI karavI joIe. A DiplomAno korsa eka varSathI vadhu na hovo joIe. gujarAtamAM jyAM patrakAratvanuM zikSaNa apAtuM hoya tyAM anuvAda eka khAsa viSaya tarIke evI rIte dAkhala karavo joIe ke vidyArthIne upara sUcavyA evA DiplomAnA korsa jeTaluM zikSaNa maLe. anuvAda e zIkhavavAno viSaya che e vAta svIkArIe to mAruM sUcana tamane gaLe Utaraze. je dainika patra satyano prasAra karavAnA puruSArtha upara nirbhara nathI, e pratyeka savAre prajAnuM jIvana haravA mATe mokalelo viSano pyAlo che. - oliva zrAInara

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ra paraspara pUraka pravRtti D zreyAMsa zAha sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacce varSothI eka pragADha saMbaMdha rahyo che. sAhitye patrakAratvane ghaNI bhASAsamRddhi pUrI pADI che, to patrakAratve ghaNA sAhityasarjakomAM suSupta paDelI sarjanazaktine khIlavI che. samAjanA saMskAra ane vicAronuM ghaDatara karanArAM A be paribaLonI alagatAmAM ane ekatAmAM eka viziSTatA che, ke baMnenI abhivyaktinuM mAdhyama mAtra zabda ja che ane mATe ja sAhityamAMthI patrakAratvamAM ane patrakAratvamAMthI sAhityamAM sarakavAnuM vAraMvAra banatuM AvyuM che. tAjetaramAM sAhitya mATenuM pulitjhara pAritoSika meLavanAra amerikana navalakathAkAra normana meIlaranI eka hajAra pAnAMnI navalakathA Aje vivAdAspada banI che. dehAMtadaMDa pAmelA manuSyanI ane enA kuTuMbIjanonI rUbarU mulAkAta laIne taiyAra karelI dastAvejI kathA sAhitya kahevAya ke pachI patrakAratva, evo gUMcavADo sAhityakAro ane patrakAro vacce udbhavyo che. to A tabakke barnArDa zonAM e kathanano svIkAra karavo rahyo ke, All Literature is Journalism. vaLI ApaNe tyAM to ghaNA prasiddha sAhityakAro vyavasAye patrakAra hatA. aMgrejI bhASAnA zreSTha navalakathAkAra cArlsa DIkansa paNa riporTara hatA. thomasa hArDI, jyaoNrja iliyaTa ane amerikAnA arnesTa haeNmiMgvenI navalakathAmAM, emanA sAhityamAM, emanuM patrakAratva kyAMka kyAMka DokiyuM karatuM hatuM ane kyAreka mAnavuM paDatuM hatuM ke, eka ja mANasa bevaDI bhUmikAmAM sAhitya sAthe patrakAratvane saphaLa rIte nyAya ApI rahyo che. sAhityano sikko mAravAthI koI lakhANa ciraMjIvI banI zakatuM nathI ane patrakAratvano sikko mAravAthI koI lakhANa kacarATopalImAM cAlyuM jatuM nathI. lakhANamAM keTaluM jIvana che, enA sarjanamAM keTaluM kalAtattva che, enA para enA ciraMjIvIpaNAno AdhAra rahe che. Ajano yuga e sAcA arthamAM patrakA2no yuga che. laoNrDa grenA mata mujaba patrakAratva e svataMtratAno rasika deva che, ane jagatanI cothI mahAsattA che. prajAjIvananI e pArAzIzI che. lokajIvananI e vedhazALA che. vartamAnapatra lokono mijAja, emanI jijJAsA, pRcchA ane AkAMkSAone vAcA ApavAnuM eka svaccha ane prabaLa mAdhyama che. amerikAnA bhUtapUrva pramukha thomasa jepharasana to kahe che, "akhabAro

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paraspara pUraka pravRtti ] 19 vinAnA zAsanavALo samAja pasaMda karavAnuM vadhu icchanIya che." patrakAratvano itihAsa nAnAmoTA anyAya sAme sAmAnya mANasanI laDatano . itihAsa che. briTana, phrAnsa ke amerikAnI sAmAnya prajA eka yA bIjA sthApita hito sAme zabdanI zaktithI laDatI rahI che. Aje paNa patrakAratva lokazAhInA mAnya staMbho uparAMtanA eka vadhArAno staMbha tarIke potAno dharma bajAvI rahyuM che. akhabAranI ke AvA koI paNa lakhANanI zakti nepoliyana jevAneya samajAI hatI. nepoliyane ja kahyuM che ke, "phrAnsanI barabUna rAjAzAhInA hAthamAM lakhANanI zakti hota, to enuM AvuM badanAma mota thayuM na hota." nepoliyane evuM paNa bhAkhyuM hatuM ke chApakhAnAnI zAhImAM bhalabhalAM taMtro paNa DUbI jaze ane kharekhara AvuM ja banatuM rahyuM che. A kalamanI zakti che. A kalamane jyAre prajAnA hAtha aDe, prajAno dhabakAra sparze, tyAre emAM eka baLa janme che. patrakAratva ane sAhitya potAnI vidyAnI game teTalI magarUbI seve paNa ene lokajIvanathI dUra cAlyA javAnuM pAlave nahIM. Aje to akhabAro vadhyAM che, enuM vecANa, eno phelAvo, ane sAthesAthe eno prabhAva paNa vadhyo che, vartamAnapatranI nIti game te hoya, paNa lokonI najare enI vizvasanIyatA TakI rahevI joIe, kAraNa ke, sAcA patrakAratvano AdhAra hakIkatonA satyanirUpaNa para rahelo che. lokalAgaNI sAthe samAMtara cAlatI akhabAranI nIti lokonI cAhanA gumAvatI nathI. akhabArano phelAvo ja enI lokacAhanAnI uttama pArAzIzI che. vadhatAM akhabAro ane vadhatA phelAvAnI sAthe, gujarAtI patrakAratvano jo koI prANaprazna hoya to e che ke A navA paDakArone pahoMcI vaLI zake evA patrakAronI navI peDhI taiyAra thaI zakI che kharI ? enA mATenI koI vyavasthA che kharI ? enA mATe mAtra thIyarI ke jJAnamAhitInAM pramANapatro nahIM cAlI zake. e mATe to akhabArano jIva joIe, koThAnI sUjha joIe, bhASAnI tAkAta joIe, vAMcavA ane vicAravAnI Adata joIe. vijJAna ke vANijyanA snAtakonI jema patrakAratvanA viSaya para snAtako bahAra pADavAthI kazuM ja nahIM nIvaDe. jUnA pIDha patrakAro navA patrakArone taiyAra karI tAlIma Ape, taka Ape evuM thAya ane jUnA jamAnAnA vaidya jevI potAnA dhaMdhAnA rahasyane saMtADI rAkhavAnI manovRttine tilAMjali Ape, to ja patrakAratvanA kSetramAM, navA patrakArono saMcAra thavAnI zakyatAone joI zakAya. Adhunika yugamAM prajAnI pravRtti ane jAgRtinA anekavidha vikAsa sAthe akhabAre kadama milAvavAnA che eTale eka samaye riporTara mAtra sAMbhaLIne lakhI-

Page #21
20. sAhitya ane patrakAratva vAMcI zake teTaluM basa hatuM. e sthiti Aje nathI. navA navA paDakAro vadhI rahyA che, teNe ghaNI badhI jJAnazAkhAomAM caMcupAta karavo paDe che. mAruM mAnavuM che ke patrakAra chApAM sivAya kAMI vAMce ja nahIM evI sthiti cAlavAnI nathI. jhaveracaMda meghANIe sAce ja eka prasaMge noMdhyuM che ke "pAnAM phare to sonAM jhare'- khUba vAcanathI sonA jevuM sAhitya maLe, ane patrakAratvanI paribhASAmAM cokkasa phera paDe. sAhitya ane patrakAratva, e eka sikkAnI be bAjuo hoya chatAM, emAM virodhAbhAsa jaNAya che. sAhityavALA potAne UMcA samaje che, to patrakAro, eka khumArIthI, bAkInA badhA karatAM UMcA samaje che. baMne kSetranA kasabIo ekabIjAnI sAme ghUrakyA kare che. ekabIjAne sudhArI nAkhavAnI phikaramAM paDyA che. paraMtu huM daDhapaNe mAnuM chuM ke sAhitya ane patrakAratvanI spardhA ja na hoI zake. sAhityane samayanI pAbaMdhI nathI, to patrakAratvane samayanI pAbaMdhI para nabhavuM paDe che. patrakAratva AjanI vAta kare che, ene cokkasa divasa ane tArIkha sAthe saMbaMdha che, jyAre sAhitya ciraMjIva che. mATe ja patrakAra ane sAhityakAra jo aLagAM raheze to baMnene hAni thaze. baMnenuM sAmIpya parasparane pUraka banI raheze, e nizcita che. "ApaNI ghaNIkharI azakti kAryakArI buddhi ane dezasevAnI tIvra vedanA - e benI nyUnatAmAMthI utpanna thAya che. kahe che ke sarve ghaI taMDunaVrathamUnIH - sarva dharmano AdhAra zera dhAnya upara che. arthAtuM khAvAnuM maLatuM hoya to ja dharma banI zake. paNa dhyAnamAM rAkho ke, kartavya karavA mATe mAtra zera dhAnyanI ja jarUra che. eTalI saMpatti prApta thaI ke tyAMthI dezasevAno amApa dharma zarU thayo. A dharma patrakAra upara che, teTalo bIjA koI upara nathI. hindustAnanAM vartamAna prazno arthazAstranI dRSTie nahIM paNa dharma yAne kartavyazAstranI dRSTie ukelavA joIe, ane dharmAdrarthakya vAkya e bhAratasAvitrInA maMtranuM smaraNa karI e marga prabaLa lokamata pravartAvavo e vartamAnapatronuM kartavya che." - AnaMdazaMkara dhruva (bIjI patrakAra pariSadanA svAgata pramukhapadethI ApelA vaktavyamAMthI)

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GU Ajano yakSapraznaH akhabArI svAtaMtrya - a cImanabhAI paTela, sAhityakSetrane koI sImADA nathI ema patrakAratvakSetra mATe paNa kahI zakAya. huM ahIM patro, patrakAratva ane patrakArane sparzatI khAsa eka-be vAto para ja ullekha karavAnuM pasaMda karIza, jethI AjanI kAryavAhImAM enA para khAsa carcA thAya to e ghaNI upakAraka banI rahe. bhAratanA vartamAnapatranA taMtrIonI saMsthA eDiTarsa gilDa iMglenDa ane amerikA jevAM, lokazAhI rasamamAM patrakAranI javAbadArI pratye sabhAna evAM rASTromAM cAlatI carcA-vicAraNAonA niSkarSano bhAratanA saMjogone anukULa evI potAnI vicAraNAmAM samAveza karI patrakArane mArgadarzaka nIvaDI rahe evA AcArasaMhitAnA keTalAka Adarzono musaddo taiyAra karyo che, je eTalA mATe rajU karuM chuM ke akhabAranI rojabaroja vyavahAra prakriyA jo dhoraNasaranI na banI rahetI hoya to patrakAratva vize sevelA sAmAnya Adarzo arthahIna banI jAya che. akhabAranI pahelI ane chellI pharaja potAnA vAcaka pratye ane e dvArA samagra prajA pratye che. presane potAnI sattA hovI e eka vAta che ane eno upayoga karavo e bIjI vAta che. akhabAranuM pAyAnuM kAma satyanI zodha karI ene prajA samakSa jAheramAM mUkavAnuM che. samAcAro meLavIne enuM pragaTana karavuM ane e aMgenA abhiprAya ne abhivyakti ApavA pAchaLano Azaya to prajAne potAnA tatkAlIna praznothI vAkepha karI, e aMgenA nirNayo levA prajAne sakSama banAvavAno che. akhabAre samAjajIvanamAM dareka kSetranA TIkAkAra banavAnuM che. agralekha dvArA eNe anivArya evA sudhArAonI ke parivartanonI prajAnA hitArthe himAyata karavAnI che. jAheramAM ke khAnagImAM thato sattAno durupayoga agara geravAjabI kRtyone eNe prakAzamAM ANavAnAM che. jo spaSTa kAraNo manAI pharamAvatAM na hoya to samAcAraprAptinAM sAdhanono ullekha thavo joIe. sAdhananI guptatA jALavavAnuM koI kAraNa hoya to e kAraNanuM spaSTIkaraNa thavuM joIe. mahattvanI bAbato aMge jANavAno prajAno hakka sarvoparI che. jAhera rIte maLatI beThako ane khullA dastAvejo mAraphate sarakAranA samAcAro prajA sudhI ANavA akhabAre barAbara mathavuM joIe. acokkasa ane geramArge doranArAM je nivedano

Page #23
22 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva hoya enI pArthabhUmi pUrI hakIkata sAthe akhabAre rajU karavI joIe. vAcakono vizvAsa e mArA patrakAratvanuM lakSaNa che. samAcAro satyapUrNa, cokasAIvALA, pUrvagraharahita ane kazIye toDamaroDa vinAnA che ane emAM tamAma pAsAM rajUAta pAmyAM che evuM darzAvavA pUro prayatna karI chUTavuM joIe. agralekho,. vizleSaNAtmaka lekho ane samIkSAlekhomAM paNa akhabArI ahevAlanA dhoraNa jeTalI ja cokasAI jALavavI joIe. koI paNa prApta ahevAlamAMthI e pragaTa thAya e pUrve, aphavAone nicovI kADhI enuM be vAra cokasAIpUrvaka avalokana karavuM joIe. tamAma kSatio nivAravAnuM to azakya che, paNa bhUlone sudhArI levAnuM saraLa che. sudhAro karatI vakhate ApaNe bhUla karI che evuM dekhADatAM DaravuM na joIe. thayelI bhUlano tatkALa svIkAra karI akhabAre eno sudhAro tAbaDatoba ane dhyAna kheMcAya e rIte rajU karavo joIe. akhabArI ahevAlo ane abhiprAyonI abhivyakti vacce spaSTapaNe bhedarekhA doravI joIe. akhabArI ahevAlo aMgata abhiprAyo ke pUrvagrahothI mukta hovA joIe ane emAM muddAnI tamAma bAjuo rajUAta pAmelI hovI joIe. agralekhanI TIkAomAM satyathI vegaLo evo pakSapAta patrakAratvanA naitika jussAne haNI nAkhanAro che. khAsa lekho ke koI bAbatanI himAyata karatI rajUAta agara lakhanAranAM potAnAM tAraNo ke arthaghaTanono hoya e rIte spaSTa ullekha thavo joIe. vadhu mahattvanI ke agatya dharAvatI bAjuone choDI daI rajU thatI koI paNa kathanI nyAyapUrNa nathI. nyAyapUrNatAmAM saMpUrNatAno sahaja rIte ja samAveza thAya che. jAhera vivAdamAM jo eka akhabAra pakSakAra thAya che ke sAmI bAjune potAno pakSa rajU karavAnI taka ke e mATenI jagA akhabAramAM ApavAno inkAra karavAmAM Ave to akhabArI svAtaMtrya arthahIna banI rahe che. koI paNa samAcAra sAthe saMkaLAyelI vyaktionA hakno patrakAre Adara karavo joIe. akhabArI ahevAlanA vAjabIpaNA ane coksAI aMge janatAne javAba Apavo paDavAno che, ema dhArI eNe surucinAM sAmAnya dhoraNonuM paNa pAlana karavuM joIe. e yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke akhabAramAM bekALajIbharyA ahevAlathI koI vyaktinI pratiSThAne hAni pahoMce to e bhAgye ja sudhArI laI zakAtI hoya che, ane akhabAranA e pachInA bIjA aMkamAM pragaTa thato sudhAro, jene hAni pahoMcI hoya e vyaktine eTaluM vaLatara ApI zakato hoto nathI. jene mATe koI Aropa hoya e vyaktine khulAsAnI taka ApyA vinA pratiSThA ke naitika cAritrya aMgenA binasattAvAra

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Ajano yakSaprazna: akhabArI svAtaMtrya | 23 AkSeponuM akhabAre prasAraNa karavuM na joIe. gunAo ane durguNonI vigato viSe jijJAsA jAge evo mAMdalo rasa akhabAre pedA karavo na joIe. ( patrakAra potAnA ahevAlo mATe jAhera janatAne javAbadAra lekhAvo joIe ane akhabAro viSenI potAnI phariyAdone vAcA ApavA prajAne protsAhita karavI joIe. vAcako sAthe nikhAlasa evo sIdhesIdho saMparka pedA thavo joIe. koI khAsa rasa pratyenA upakArabhAvathI patrakAroe potAnI jAtane mukta rAkhavI joIe ane kevaLa prajAnA samAcAra jANavAnA hakkanI maryAdA ja svIzvaravI joIe. potAnA vyavasAyanI bahArathI ke samAcAra pUrA pADanAra sAdhano pAsethI koI lAbha patrakAre svIkAravo joIe nahIM. ahevAlo prApta karavA mATe thato kharca akhabAra taraphathI emane maLavo joIe. patrakAroe prasiddhinA takhtAthI haMmezAM dUra rahevuM joIe. emaNe to itihAsano ahevAla ApavAno che, svayaM itihAsa racavAno nathI. ' akhabAranA taMtravibhAgano koI paNa sabhya koI paNa jAhera hoddo dharAvato hovo na joIe. nANAM laIne ke nANAM vagara paNa eNe koI paNa rAjakAraNI vyakti ke rAjakIya saMgaThana ke pakSa mATe kAma karavuM joIe nahIM. prajAnA badhA ja vargo taraphathI patro, patrakAratva ane patrakAra pAse je AdarzonI apekSA rakhAya che e agara Adarza patra, patrakAratva ane patrakAra mATenI AcArasaMhitAnA AdarzonI A vAta thaI. have ApaNA dezanI vAstavika paristhitimAM AvI Adarzamaya rIte kAmagIrI bajAvavAnA prayatnamAM presa ane patrakAra mATe pedA thatA paDakAro jemAMthI udbhave che evI eka mULabhUta kSati-UNapanI vAta ahIM rajU karavAnuM huM khUba vAjabI gaNuM chuM. presa kamizana samakSa jyAre A gaMbhIra bAbatanI maukhika rajUAta karI tyAre enI gaMbhIratAne pramANI mArI pAse enI lekhita rajUAtanI mAgaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI, je kazAya khacakATa vagara meM lekhita pUrI karI hatI. Aje ahIM ekatra sabhAna sAhityasamAjanA dhyAna para e muddo huM eTalA mATe lAvavA icchuM chuM ke vAstavikatAmAM pravartatA visaMvAdano emane khyAla Ave ane e visaMvAda dUra karavA jarUrI evI janamatanI jAgRti UbhI karavAmAM e sauno paNa sahayoga sAMpaDI zake. meM AraMbhamAM, AcArasaMhitAnA ullekhamAM, akhabArI svAtaMtrya aMge achaDato ullekha karyo che. e bAbate vadhu UMDA UtarI gaMbhIra rIte vicAravuM khUba jarUrI che, ane e dizAmAM ja mAro A nirdeza che.

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24 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva bhAratanA rAjyabaMdhAraNanI kalama 19(1)(e) ane (jI) anusAra bhAratanA pratyeka nAgarikane maLelI abhivyaktinI svataMtratAno lAbha tamAma vyaktio ke badhAM kSetronI jema patrakAra ke presane maLe che. baMdhAraNamAM abhivyaktinA svAtaMtranI jogavAI che, akhabAronA svAtaMtryanI jogavAIno koI alAyado ullekha emAM nathI. akhabAronI svataMtratA to prajAne sAMpaDela vyApaka svAtaMtryamAMthI ja uddabhave che. A sIdhosAdo lAgato muddo ghaNo gaMbhIra che. eka tarapha akhabAranA svAtaMtrane mATe koI alaga jogavAI nathI. enI sAmenI tamAma kAryavAhI ene eka udyoga gaNIne ja karavAmAM Ave che. jyAre bIjI tarapha prajAghaDataranA eka mahattvanA ane khUba asarakAraka evA mAdhyama tarIke enI pAse ghaNI ghaNI apekSAo rAkhavAmAM Ave che, enI para ghaNI ghaNI javAbadArIo lAdavAmAM Ave che. A eka varavo visaMvAda che. jo akhabAra bIjA udyogo jevo hoya to pachI viziSTa evI prajAkIya javAbadArIonI apekSA enI pAse zI rIte rakhAya ? bIjA udyogonI jema e chApuM utpanna kare ane vece ane e vecANa dvArA vadhu ne vadhu samRddha thavA mathe, e svAbhAvika lekhAvuM joIe. paNa ema thatuM nathI. akhabArone udyoga gaNavA chatAM enI pAse apekSAo eka saMniSTha sAmAjika sevA saMsthA jevI ane jeTalI ja rAkhavAmAM Ave che ! A visaMvAda dUra karavAno prayAsa thavo joIe. A visaMvAda tarapha dhyAna doruM chuM, tyAre akhabArane kevaLa udyoga gaNavAnI mArI himAyata nathI. ApaNA tamAma gaMbhIra vicArakonI sAthe saMmata thaIne huM akhabAranI sAmAjika javAbadArIono alabatta svIkAra karuM chuM, paNa mAro virodha eTalo ja che ke bIjAo paNa - sarakAra ke vahIvaTI taMtra paNa - akhabArane enA e ja svarUpe oLakhe ane mUlave. ene bIjA udyogonI tole gaNI enA ati saMvedanazIla svarUpane rUMdhavA-DAmavAno prayatna koI na kare. pharI pAcho huM mULa vAtano dora sAMdhuM chuM, ke akhabAro je svAtaMtrya ApaNA dezamAM bhogave che e prajAnA vizvAsane kAraNe che ane prajAnI vatInuM che. ane eTale akhabAranI pahelI ane chellI pharaja potAnA vAcaka pratye ane e dvArA potAne svAtaMtrya bakSanAra samagra prajA pratye che. lokonI icchA-anicchAne pragaTa karavAnuM vAhana banavA sAthe, samAjanI paristhitine yathAvat batAvatI svaccha ArasI banI rahevAnuM kArya jo akhabAro bajAve to e ArasImAM paristhitinuM pratibiMba jovAnI ane e citramAM jarUra hoya

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Ajano yakSaprazna : akhabArI svAtaMtrya 25 to pheraphAra lAvavAno upAya karavAnI samAjanA AgevAnone sugamatA thAya. netAe A vAta svIkAre to ja akhabAra lokazAhImAM sArI sevA karI zake. ' akhabAranI najara sAme rahelA AvA gaMbhIra uddezanI paripUrNatA mATe meM presa kamizana samakSa lekhita sUcana rajU karyuM hatuM ke rASTriya vikAsa ane sAmAjika sevAnA dhyeyamAM akhabArone ucita rIte jotaravAM hoya to emane sAmAjika seva saMsthAono darajjo bakSI eno vahIvaTa cokkasa dhyeya dharAvatAM TrasTonA hAthamAM soMpavo joIe. prAiveTa ke pablika kaMpanIo ke mAlikonI pakaDamAMthI akhabArone mukta karI mahAtmA gAMdhInI TrasTIpaNAnI bhAvanAne tyAM amalI banAvavI joIe, ane akhabArone jUtho racavA devAne badale ene eka eka ekama rUpe emanI svataMtra alaga vyaktimattA sAthe pAMgaravA devAM joIe. baMdhAraNathI A navuM svarUpa na apAya tyAM sudhI ekaladokala aMgata rIte AvA vicAro dharAve ane amala karavA mAge topaNa e kAragata nIvaDe nahIM. potAnuM svAtaMtrya jenI pAsethI akhabAro hAMsala kare che e prajA pAse pratyakSa rUpe, niyamita rUpe, samRddha ane sabhara rUpe pahoMcavA mATe akhabAronA kiMmatavadhArAne nIco ANavA sarakAre sIdhI ke ADakatarI vaga na thaI zake evI jogavAI sAthe sabasIDI dvArA sIdhI sahAya karavI joIe. sastu banyA vinA akhabAra ekeeka vyaktinA hAthamAM pahoMcavAnuM nathI ane sAmAjika parivartananA uttamottama sAdhana samuM akhabAra samAjanA AkharI AdamI lagI na pahoMce tyAM lagI akhabAra pAse rAkhavAmAM AvatI apekSAo phaLIbhUta thavAnI nathI. akhabArone eno chApavAno kAgaLa meLavI ApavAmAM, jarUrI sAdhanasAmagrI vAjabI dare saMpaDAvavAmAM, aMgrejI ane prAMtIya bhASAo vacce jAherAtomAM kazo bheda rAkhyA vinA ene jAherAtano puravaTho pUro pADavAmAM jo javAbadAra taMtra UMDo rasa le to ja akhabAro ApaNe jenI AraMbhamAM vAta karI evI prajA pratyenI naitika javAbadArI pUrI karavA zaktimAna thAya, anyathA evI badhI vAto sAva havAI ja banI rahevAnI.

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26 n sAhitya ane patrakAratva ApaNAM vartamAnapatromAM sauthI vadhu avakAza, zreSTha sthAna rAjakAraNane ApavAmAM Ave che; have jyAM sudhI bhArata svataMtra na hatuM, tyAM sudhI Ama karavAmAM kaMI artha na hato paNa have rAjakAraNane anya viSayone maLe che teTaluM ja mahattva apAya e icchavAjoga che. rAjakAraNa sivAya bIjA paNa viSayomAM ApaNe rasa letA thavuM joIe. ApaNe abhiprAya keLavavo joIe, sAmAjika jAgRti lAvavI joIe, kartavyabhAna karAvavuM joIe. paNa A tarapha hajI prayANa thayeluM khAsa jaNAtuM nathI. ApaNI bhASAnAM vartamAnapatro vize bolatAM ema paNa kahevAnuM mana thAya che ke eo bhASAzuddhi para dhyAna Ape, dIrgha-hrasva para dRSTi pherave, parabhASAnA zabdonA uccAro barAbara grahaNa kare ane zabdazaH akSarazaH bhASAMtara na karatAM, bhAva ane artha samajAya evAM ja bhASAMtara kare..... jema udyAnamAM vadhu puSpo ane vanamAM vadhu vRkSo zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che, ema ja bhASAmAM vividha zabdo ane zabdaprayogothI sauMdarya vadhe che. vartamAnapatro bhASAne vikasAvavAmAM sAro phALo ApI zake che. - mahendra na. paMDyA - (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA 18mA adhivezananI kAryavAhImAMthI)

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gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM

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/ zrI baLavaMtabhAI zAha I zrI yAsIna dalAla | zrI jayavadana paTela I zrI nAthAlAla dave I | zrI yajJeza zukla I zrI vAsudeva mahetA - svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedana / gujarAtI akhabAromAM kaTAkSakavitA taMtrIlekho vikAsano Alekha

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svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva - a baLavaMtabhAI zAha lagabhaga 175 varSanA gujarAtI patrakAratvanA itihAsamAMthI svataMtratAnAM 50 varSa bAda karIe to svAtaMtrya pUrvenA gujarAtI patrakAratvano Azare savAso varSano itihAsa enA ubhava, ghaDatara, vikAsa ane vistArano che. so zarada jIvelA dezabharanA kula 19 patromAMthI cAra gujarAtI patro che e enI gauravavaMtI siddhi che. e cAra patro e (1) "muMbaI samAcAra', (2) "jAme jamazeda', (3) kheDA vartamAna" ane (4) "gujarAta mitra ane gujarAta darpaNa'. Aje paNa AjhAdI pUrve janmelAM ane ardhI sadI vaTAvI cUktAM mAtabara gujarAtI dainikomAM amadAvAdanAM "saMdeza" ane gujarAta samAcAra', saurASTranA phUlachAba' vagereno samAveza thAya che. savAso varSamAM nIkaLelAM badhAM patrono ullekha karI enI carcA karavI azakya che, tethI A gALA daramyAna patrakAratvanA itihAsamAM je vyaktio, patro ane paribaLoe ullekhanIya phALo Apyo enI noMdha laI e gALAnA patrakAratvanAM keTalAMka sAmAnya lakSaNonI carcA karIzuM. 1946nA mArcanI 31mIe muMbaI ilAkAmAMthI gujarAtI bhASAnAM 29 dainiko, 78 sAptAhiko ane 12 pakhavADiko sahita kula 119 jeTalAM patro nIkaLatAM hatAM. svataMtra bhAratamAM emanI saMkhyA uttarottara vadhatI gaI che. (1) gujarAtI sAhitya, saMskRti ane patrakAratvamAM alabelI nagarI muMbaI . ane pArasIono noMdhapAtra phALo che. gujarAtanuM prathama patra gujarAtamAMthI nahIM, paraMtu muMbaImAMthI pragaTa thayuM. enI sAthe gujarAtanuM nahIM paNa muMbaInuM nAma joDavAmAM AvyuM. 1822mAM nIkaLelA "muMbaI samAcAra'ne 100 varSa pUrAM thavA AvyAM che. prathama gujarAtI chApakhAnuM, prathama paMcAMga ane prathama gujarAtI akhabAra prasiddha karavAno yaza pArasI saMgRhastha zrI pharadUnajI marjhabAnajIne phALe jAya che, jyAre gujarAtanI taLa bhUmimAMthI prathama gujarAtI sAptAhika amadAvAdanI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe 1849mAM prasiddha karyuM ane e "budhavAriyA' tarIke lokapriya banyuM. svataMtratA pUrvenA gujarAtI patrakAratva sAthe sarvazrI pharadUnajI marjhabAna, dAdAbhAI navarojI, karasanadAsa mULajI, kekhuzarU kAbarAjI, sorAbajI kApaDiyA, pAlaNajI desAI, vIra narmada, maherajIbhAI mAdana, icchArAma desAI, AnaMdazaMkara dhruva, gAMdhIjI, indulAla yAjJika, mahAdevabhAI desAI, kAkAsAheba kAlelakara kizoralAla

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30 gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM. mazarUvALA, maganabhAI desAI, umAzaMkara jozI jevA mahArathIo saMkaLAyelA hatA. emanI pAse patrakAranI dRSTi ane cokkasa dhyeya hatAM. patrakAranI khumArI ane khuvAra thavAnI taiyArI hatI. patrakAratva emane mATe AjanI jema udyoga na hato, mizana hatuM. tethI emanA patromAM emanI AgavI chApa ane dRSTinAM darzana thAya che. samayanA parivartana sAthe prajAkIya jAgRti AvatI gaI ema akhabArono abhigama badalAto gayo. Ama zrI pharadUnajIe "muMbaI samAcAra'no AraMbha tatkAlIna vepArI vargane keTalIka mAhitI pUrI pADavA ane anya prajA mATe "acarajabharelI ane bhedabharelI' vArtAo, doharA, copAI, kahevato vagere prasiddha karavA mATe karyo. vIra narmade emanA dAMDiyA' dvArA sAmAjika sudhArAnI jehAda jagAvI patrakAratvane navI dRSTi ApI. zrI icchArAma sUryarAma desAIe "svataMtratA' ane "gujarAtI' sAptAhikomAM rAjakAraNane dhikkAryA vinA sAmAjika sudhArAo para bhAra mUkyo. zrI kekhuzarU kAbarAjInA "rAsta gophtAra ane zrI karasanadAsa mULajInAM 'satya prakAzamAM sAmAjika sudhArAonI ja himAyata karAI. zrI indulAla yAjJike 1915mAM zarU karelA 'navajIvanamAM dezanI sarvAgI svataMtratA ane dalita-pIDita janatAnA utkarSa mATe emanA jIvananA sUtra samA saMgrAmane kendrasthAne rAkhI enuM saMcAlana karyuM. sAkSarazrI AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve 'vasaMta'nuM saMcAlana karyuM, paNa patrakAra vizenuM emanuM maMtavya Aje paNa yAda karavA jevuM che. patrakAranI nirbhIkatA vize emaNe kahyuM che ke "tamane Thapako maLe, jela maLe, tame niMdAnA bhoga bano, are ! phAMsInA mAMcaDe paNa caDajo; paraMtu tamArA abhiprAyo to prasiddha karajo ja. e mAtra hakka nathI. e dharma che, pharaja che." | gujarAtI temaja samagra dezanA patrakAratva para koInI krAMtikArI asara thaI hoya to e rASTrapitA gAMdhIjInI. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM 'inDiyana opiniyana', bhAratamAM yaMga inDiyA', gujarAtI temaja hiMdImAM 'navajIvana', "harijana" ane "harijanabaMdhu', satyAgrahavagere emanAM sAptAhiko hatAM. patrakAra tarIkeno emano Adarza paNa keTalo UMco hato ! teo mAnatA ke "svArthI hetuo mATe athavA jIvananirvAha mATe patrakAratvano durupayoga kadI na thavo joIe. taMtrIoe ke chApAMoe game e thAya topaNa, pariNAmonI paravA karyA sivAya dezahita mATenA potAnA vicAro rajU karavA joIe.' AjanA sAptAhikonI jema raMgaberaMgI ane ardhanagna tasavIro, sanasanATIbharyA samAcAro, seksa ke gunAonI pracuratAne kAraNe enI nakalo lAkho para pahoMcI na hatI. samAja ane dezanA vividha kacaDAyelA vargane jAgrata karavA emaNe emanA vicArapatro dvArA komI ekatA, aspRzyatA, khArI, svadezI, grAmodyoga, dArUbaMdhI,

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svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva 31 keLavaNI jevA Aje akhabArone sAva nIrasa lAge evA viSayone ja eo sparzatA hatA. Aje koI akhabAra jAherakhabara vaMgara cAlI zake ja nahIM, tyAre gAMdhIjIe 30 varSa sudhI koI paNa jAtanI jAherakhabara lIdhA vinA emanAM sAptAhiko calAvyAM hatAM. 'inDiyana opiniyana' emaNe potAne hastaka lIdhuM tyAre enI 400 nakalo hatI. e jamAnAmAM rU. 26,000nI aMgata khoTa sahana karI ane chatAMya khabaro. mATe vadhu jagyA meLavavA jAherakhabaro levAnuM nakkI karyuM. gokhale, dAdAbhAI navarojI ane TaoNlsTaoNya jevA mahApuruSo enA vAcako hatA. emanA "navajIvana'nA vAcakomAM kheDUto ane majUrono paNa samAveza thato hato. 1916nI homarUlanI caLavaLa, 1917mAM lokamAnya TiLakanI mukti, roleTa-kAyadA sAme prajAkIya virodhane laIne prajAmAM AvelI jAgRtine kAraNe gAMdhIyuganI asara nIcenAM patromAM rAjakAraNane prAdhAnya maLavA lAgyuM. e vakhate moTA bhAganAM patro dezanI AjhAdInI laDatanA TekedAro hatAM. evI ja rIte saurASTramAM AvelAM lagabhaga aDhIso jeTalAM dezI rAjyonI prajAne jAgrata karavA zrI amRtalAla zeThe "saurASTra'no AraMbha karyo 'dezasevA karavA mATe emane navAM vartamAnapatronI AvazyakatA lAgI hatI. "e vartamAnapatro AjanI kALI zAhIthI nahIM lakhAya, e to lakhAze amArA lohInI lAla zAhIthI. emAM duHkhanA, vedanAnA, baLavAnA pokArathI dharatI dhaNadhaNI UThaze. rAjAonA dila tharatharaze ane emanAM siMhAsano DolavA mAMDaze. prajAkalyANanA navA yajJo ame vartamAnapatronAM kAryAlayomAM mAMDIzuM." Ama saurASTra-kacchanI janatAne vAcA ApavAmAM "saurASTra' uparAMta, "kAThiyAvADa samAcAra", "kaccha vartamAna", "saurASTra mitra', "kaccha mitra", "kaccha kesarI', "karmabhUmi', "prajAmata', "phUlachAba' vagere patroe phALo Apyo. rANapuranI tripuTImAMthI chUTA paDelA zrI sAmaLadAsa gAMdhIe "vaMde mAtaram' zarU karyuM to "insAphanA pAyA upara racAyelI samAjaracanA"ne dhyeya tarIke svIkArI zrI kakalabhAI koThArIe e mATenI jana-jehAdamAM "navasaurASTra' dvArA yathAzakti phALo ApavAno saMkalpa jAhera karyo. zrI jhaveracaMda meghANI chApAnA lekhanane utkRSTa kalAomAMthI eka kalA mAnatA hatA, to "prajAbaMdhu'nA taMtrI zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhane mana "patrakAratva e sevAno evo pavitra vyavasAya" hato ke jemAM patrakAre talavAranI dhAra para cAlIne pavitra pharaja bajAvavAnI che. svataMtratA bAda patrakAratva udyoga banatAM enA para dhanano prabhAva vadhato gayo che. enI agamacetI ApatAM zrI

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32 I gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM maganabhAI desAIe kahyuM hatuM ke "AvA bahoLA vyavasAya mATe dhana joIe, tethI dhanapati emAM paDe che. enI nIti 52 hakUmata meLave che. e hakUmata emanA svArthanI mULa bAbatathI AgaLa eo vAparatA nathI. emane e samajavuM paDaze ke patranI pratiSThAne AMca to na ja AvavI joIe." sAkSarazrI AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve paNa dhananA DhagalA nIce satya dabAI na ja enI cetavaNI ApI hatI. sAhitya pariSadanA patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI zrI mahAdevabhAI desAIe "satyaniSThA"ne patrakAranA prathama dharma tarIke gaNAvI umeryuM hatuM ke "samAcAra e pavitra vastu che. ene badalIne ke macaDIne ke emAM vadhaghaTa karIne ene bhraSTa karavAno koIne adhikAra nathI." Ama AraMbhakALamAM sAmAjika bAbatone mahattva ApatuM gujarAtI patrakAratva rAjakIya jAgRti AvatAM rAjakAraNanA praznomAM rasa letuM thayuM. chatAM eka noMdhavA jevI bAbata e che ke, iMglaeNnDamAM aMdhazraddhA, kurivAjo sAmenI jehAdamAMthI patrakAratvano udbhava thayo. jyAre gujarAtamAM vartamAnapatrono udbhava thayA bAda eno upayoga sudhArako sAme thayo. sAmAjika sudhArAonA samarthako ane virodhIo ema be bhAgamAM patrakAratva vaheMcAI gayuM. emAMya vicitratA e hatI ke sAmAjika sudhArAone Teko ApatAM "rAsta gophatAra" ke "satya prakAza"nA rAjakIya vicAro saMkucita hoI teo briTiza zAsananA TekedAra hatA, jyAre "ema. e. banA ke kyuM merI miTTI kharAba kI" jevI vArtAo prasiddha karI, sAmAjika sudhArAonI hAMsI uDAvatA "gujarAtI"e prajAnI rAjakIya AkAMkSAone pArakhI hatI. gAMdhI-yuganAM vartamAnapatro eka Daga AgaLa vadhyAM. A patro ane emAMya khAsa karIne gAMdhIjInAM "navajIvana" ane "harijana" patroe rAjakIya ane sAmAjika e baMne kSetromAM krAntikArI ane pragatizIla vicAro rajU karIne A dezanI janatAne svataMtratAnA AMdolana mATe jAgrata ane sajja karI. agAu jaNAvyuM ema keTalAka sudhArako ane mahA2thIo gujarAtI patrakAratva sAthe sakriya rIte saMkaLAyelA hovAthI patrakAratvanA emanA abhigama ane Adarza ucca koTinA hatA, paraMtu badhAM patro e koTimAM mUkI zakAya ema nathI. keTalAka patronA taMtrIo ane lekhako ekabIjA sAme AkSepo ane aMgata TIkAo karatA ke ekabIjAnA kuTuMbanI khAnagI vAto jAheramAM mUkatAM saMkoca anubhavatA nahIM. ekabIjAne halakA pADavAnI ke gAlipradAna karavAnI emanI manovRtti hatI. udAharaNa tarIke "muMbaInA cAbuka" nAmanuM patra enA virodhIo sAme jherI pracAra karatAM bIbhatsatAmAM UtarI paDatuM hatuM. "mumabaI zamazere keAnI" nAmanA patrane mA-bahena sAme gAlipradAna

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svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva [ 33 karavAmAM zarama nahotI. evI ja rIte "samI sAMja"nA prathama aMkamAM enA agralekhamAM zrI phirojazA marjhabAne lakhyuM che ke "maryAdAbharI cUpakIdI mane rucatI nathI. koNIne badale ThoMso mAravo ane eka apamAnane badale cAra gALa daIne UbhA rahevuM e mAro TharAva che." aMgata AkSepabAjInI A praNAlikA hajIya kyAreka jovA maLe che. bhASA-ghaDataramAM phALo gujarAtI patrakAratvanA AraMbhakALamAM pArasIono phALo hovAthI tatkAlIna patromAM pArasI-gujarAtI jovA maLe che. Aje je "mumabaI samAcAra" che enuM asala nAma "zrI muMbaInA samAcAra" hatuM. tatkAlIna samayanA zikSitonA eka copAniyAnuM nAma "ganeAna parasAraka" (jJAna prasAraka) hatuM. tatkAlIna pArasI gujarAtI bhASAno eka namUno joIe : "lejIzaleTIva kAuzala beThI hatI te veLAe eka bIla mIzatara lIjeTe raju karIu hatuM te uparathI tevuM jovAmAM Ave che ke verathI muMbaI ane chAzatI khAte je pANI lAvavAnuM kAma cAle che tenI upara 3pa lAkha rU no kharaca thAI cUkyo hato." Ama pArasIo bolatA evI ja bhASAmAM samAcAro prasiddha thatA hatA. AvI DhaMgadhaDA vinAnI, joDAkSara vinAnI, citra-vicitra vAkyaracanAomAM azuddha gujarAtI bhASA jovA maLatI. vaLI, pArasIone kAraNe phArasI zabdono chUTathI upayoga thato hato. tethI ghaNA phArasI zabdo gujarAtImAM pracalita thaI gayA che. udAharaNa tarIke : akhabAra, ahevAla, kAmiyAba, AjhAda, jaMga, baMdobasta. Ama AraMbhakALanuM pArasI-gujarAtI Aje ApaNane kaThe evuM che. "rAsta gophatAre" bhASAzuddhino prayAsa karyo to arvAcIna gujarAtI gadyanA pitA vIra narmade ene maThArIne bhASAnuM zuddhIkaraNa karyuM. zrI icchArAma desAIe temanAM patromAM bhASAzuddhino Agraha rAkhyo eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa vicArone vyavasthita rIte vyakta karavA, vicAra badalAya tyAM phakarAo pADavA, yogya zIrSaka mUkavAM, patrane uThAva maLe te rIte enI goThavaNI karavI vageremAM noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo. aMgrejI zabdono upayoga thAya e to saheje samajI zakAya, paraMtu prinsesa sTrITa'nuM koIe rANInI zerI gujarAtI karyuM hatuM ema te vakhate "dhI ikonomisTa' akhabAra mATe karakasara' akhabAra evo zabdaprayoga thayo hato. zrI icchArAma desAIe saMskRta zabdono vaparAza vadhAryo. zrI amRtalAla zeTha, zrI sAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ane zrI kakalabhAI koThArIe saurASTranI jana-jAgRti mATe akhabAro zarU karatAM tyAMnI vegIlI ane jussAdAra bhASA, zabdonI ramata

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34 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM ane bhabhaka, tyAMnA taLapadA zabdo ane vAkyaprayogo vagerenuM pradAna karyuM. emAM vicAra karatAM zabdALutA vizeSa hatI. gAMdhIjInA prabhAvane kAraNe sAdI, saraLa chatAM sacoTa bhASAnuM calaNa vadhavA mAMDyuM. emaNe sAcI joDaNIno Agraha rAkhI joDaNIkoSa taiyAra karAvyo. emanA sAdA, anADaMbarI, TUMkAM vAkyomAM vicAranI spaSTatA AvI. navA navA zabdaprayogo thavA mAMDyA. zrI indravadana ThAkorano saraLa bhASA mATeno Agraha evo hato ke akhabAranI bhASA sAhityika nahIM, paNa sAmAnya vAcakane saraLatAthI samajAya evI hovI joIe. AraMbhakALe samAcAra ejansIo ke khabarapatrIo na hatAM. tethI "muMbaI samAcAre' enA vAcakone samAcAro mokalI ApavA vinaMtI karI hatI. vaLI, tatkAlIna gujarAtI patromAM aMgrejI vibhAga paNa Avato hato. sarakArI niyaMtraNo : AMtarika kaTokaTI daramyAna ApaNane sensarazipa ane akhabArI svAtaMtryanI gUMgaLAmaNano kaDavo anubhava thayo hato. sIdhesIdhI sensarazipa lAdyA vinA paNa sarakArI dabANathI akhabArI svAtaMtramAM kevA avarodho pedA thAya che e ApaNane vidita che. briTiza zAsana daramyAna to zAsakonI nIti ane prajAnI AkAMkSA vacce uttara-dakSiNa jeTaluM aMtara hovAthI satata gharSaNa cAlatuM hatuM. svataMtratA pUrve vividha dhArAothI akhabAro para niyaMtraNo lAdavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. emAM ravivAre akhabAra pragaTa karavuM nahIM, sarakArI amaladAro viruddha ke prajAnI dhArmika lAgaNI uzkerAya evAM lakhANo prasiddha karavAM nahIM vagere pharamAnono samAveza thato hato. 1857nA baLavA bAda A niyaMtraNo AkarAM banyAM. 1878nA varnAkyulara presa ekTa anusAra sarakAra viruddha yA prajAmAM vikhavAda pedA kare evI koI paNa bAbata prasiddha nahIM karavAnI bAMyadharI ApavI paDatI hatI. enI sAme jhuMbezane pariNAme dAyakA bAda e kAyado rada thayo. 1908 ane 1910nA kAyadA anusAra adAlatamAM nyAya meLavavA jaI zakAtuM nahotuM. AthI kaTokaTI daramyAna keTalAMka akhabAro avanavI tarakIbo ajamAvIne sensara adhikArIonI AMkhamAM dhULa nAkhatAM ema briTiza zAsana daramyAna to kAyadAonA niyaMtraNomAMthI chaTakabArIo zodhavAnA prayAso thatA hatA. Aje akhabArone "vanamALI vAMko', "ThoTha nizALiyo' ke 'idam tRtIyam' vinA cAlatuM nathI. pArasIonI vinodavRttine kAraNe A kaTAkSa kaoNlamo ApaNane jANe ke vArasAmAM maLI che. e vakhate "dAMtaraDuM", "pArasapaMca", "gapasapa" ane "bhImasena" jevAM hAsyarasika sAmayiko nIkaLatA hatAM to "kAtariyuM gepa" sAptAhikamAM jAherakhabaro

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svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva m 35 ramUjI zailImAM prasiddha thatI hatI. taduparAMta, 'gujarAtI'mAM zrI kharazedajInI 'bhara kaTorA raMga'; 'sAMja' ane 'gujarAtI-paMca'mAM 'birabala'nA nAme; 'jAme jamazeda' ane 'kayasare hiMda'mAM 'calaNI rUpiyA'nA nAme; 'muMbaI samAcAra'mAM 'ughADA choge'; 'hindustAna'mAM zrI mastaphakIra ane 'phUlachAba'mAM zrI guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI 'huM, bAvo ane maMgaLadAsa'nI kaTAkSakaoNlamo prasiddha thatI hatI. kalAguru zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLanAM sAmAjika ThaThThAcitro 'vIsamI sadI' ane 'kumAra'mAM to zrI baMsIlAla varmA(cako2)nAM rAjakIya kArTUno 'nava saurASTra', 'rekhA' ane 'prajAbaMdhu'mAM prasiddha thatAM hatAM. svataMtratA pUrvenA patrakAratva para ApaNe UDatI najara nAMkhI. svataMtratA bAda samAcA2-patro para sattA ane saMpattino prabhAva vadhyo che. zikSaNa-prasArane kAraNe nakalono phelAvo kUdake ane bhUsake vadhe che. TeknolaoNjInA vikAsanA phaLasvarUpa oNphaseTa ane phoTo-kaMpojhane pariNAme vartamanapatronA rUparaMgamAM parivartana AvyuM che. paraMtu mULa savAla e thAya che ke guNavattAnI dRSTie patrakAratvanA sattvamAM sudhAro thayo che kharo ? 1950mAM 'gujarAta samAcAra' enA khAnapuranA navA makAnamAM AvyuM tyAre mu. zrI umAzaMkara jozInI lIdhelI mulAkAtamAM ame eka prazna pUchyo hato, 'gujarAtI vartamAnapatrathI tamane saMtoSa thAya che kharo ?' emano uttara kaMIka A pramANe hato, 'aMgrejI chApuM vAMcavAnI AvazyakatA na rahe evuM gujarAtI vartamAnapatra nIkaLe tyAre saMtoSa thAya.' A saMdarbhamAM sva. mahAdevabhAI desAIe uccArelA zabdo Aje paNa eTalA ja yathArtha che. emaNe kahyuM hatuM ke "vartamAnapatro e dhaMdho banI zake che. kamAvAnuM sAdhana ane vepAra thaI zake che, ane thayAM che. chatAM vartamAnapatro pANInA naLanI jema, sudharAIkhAtAnI jema, TapAlakhAtAnI jema lokasevAnuM amUlya sAdhana thaI zake che. e kamAvAnuM sAdhana mAtra bane che tyAre e nakhkhoda vALe che. paraMtu potAno kharca kADhatAM kADhatAM e sevAnuM sAdhana bane che, tyAre e lokajIvananuM Avazyaka aMga bane che."

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5 svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva yAsIna dalAla bhAratIya patrakAratvamAM gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM potAnuM eka AgavuM sthAna rahyuM che. jema gujarAte dezane ghaNI bAbatomAM doravaNI ApI che. ema gujarAtI patrakAratve paNa dezanA patrakAratvamAM ghaNI navI kaDIo kaMDArI che. gujarAtI patrakAratva pAse gaurava laI zakAya evI ghaNI vastuo che. dezanuM jUnAmAM jUnuM akhabAra "muMbaI samAcAra' gujarAtI bhASAmAM pragaTa thAya che. bhAratamAM akhabAronA prAraMbhakALamAM prAdezika bhASAonI bAbatamAM baMgALInI sAthe gujarAtImAM akhabAro pragaTa thayelAM. AjhAdI saMgrAmamAM gujarAtI akhabAroe Apelo phALo noMdhapAtra rahyo che. pazcima bhAratamAM AjhAdInI laDatane mukhya Teko prAdezika akhabArono maLyo hato. ane emAM paNa gujarAtI akhabAronI bhUmikA ullekhanIya rahI hatI. sva. amRtalAla zeTha ane sAmaLadAsa gAMdhI jevA e samayanA mahAna patrakAroe AjhAdInI laDatamAM sarvasva homI dIdhuM hatuM ane aneka yAtanAo veThIne vartamAnapatro calAvyAM hatAM. e samaye, "janmabhUmi' ane 'vaMdemAtaram' jevA akhabAroe itihAsa sarjelo. A ja rIte, saurASTramAM keTalAMka rajavADI rAjyomAM thatA anyAyonI sAme avAja uThAvavAnI bAbatamAM akhabAroe agra bhAga bhajavelo e jANItI hakIkata che. anyAyI rAjavIonI sAme e samayanA patrakAratve prabaLa lokamata Ubho karelo ane bhUgarbha pravRtti paNa calAvelI. | gujarAtI akhabAronA phelAvAe chellA doDhabe dAyakAmAM eka cokkasa gati pakaDI che. e.bI.sI.nA ahevAla mujaba 1975mAM gujarAtI dainikono kula phelAvo 5,93,895 hato, e vadhIne 1978mAM 7,11,883 sudhI pahoMcyo hato. Ama gujarAtI patronA phelAvAmAM traNa varSanA gALAmAM lagabhaga vIseka TakA jeTalo vadhAro noMdhAyo. A gALAmAM ja keTalAMka dainikoe to potAnA phelAvAmAM pacAsa TakAthI paNa vadhu pragati karI che. Ama chatAM, gujarAtanI lagabhaga cAra karoDanI vastI jotAM A AMkaDo jo ke vikramajanaka nathI ja, chatAM enAthI eTaluM to siddha thAya che ke gujarAtI patrakAratva Aje vikAsanA navA tabakkAmAM pravezya che. Aje gujarAta samAcAra'no adhikRta phelAvo sAta lAkha nakalono che. - rajisTrAra opha nyUjhapeparsanA 197ranA ahevAla mujaba gujarAtI bhASAmAM tyAre kula 35 dainiko prasiddha thatAM hatAM. A uparAMta 141 sAptAhiko hatAM.

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" svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva [ 37 gujarAtImAM pragaTa thatAM kula vartamAnapatrono AMkaDo 443no hato. AjanI sthitinI vAta karIe to hAla gujarAtI bhASAmAM kula 104 jeTalAM dainiko pragaTa thaI rahyAM hovAnI mAhitI sAMpaDe che. 1974mAM gujarAtImAM kula 441 patro gujarAtI bhASAmAM pragaTa thatAM hatAM, emAMthI dainikono AMkaDo 33no hato. e ja varSe kerAlAmAMthI 481 patro malayAlama bhASAmAM pragaTa thatAM hatA. mahArASTrano AMkaDo 719no hato. mahArASTramAM kula 135 dainiko prasiddha thayAM hatAM. atyAre gujarAtImAM 850 sAptAhiko, 87 pAkSiko tathA 504 mAsiko nIkaLe che. prathama akhabArI paMca 1954mAM nimAyuM tyAre bhAratamAM dainikono kula phelAvo pacIsa lAkhano hato. Aje bIjA akhabArI paMcanI kAmagIrI cAlu che tyAre dainikono kula phelAvo lagabhaga be karoDanA AMka sudhI pahoMcyo che. 1965thI 1975 sudhInA samayagALAne gujarAtI akhabAronI bAbatamAM phelAvAnI dRSTie haraNaphALano yuga kahI zakAya. A gALAmAM gujarAtI dainikono phelAvo lAkhanI saMkhyAne AMbIne AgaLa vadhavA lAgyo. A ja gALAmAM mAhitIprada ane uttejaka lekho dharAvatAM sAmayikono phelAvo paNa kUdake ne bhUsake vadhato gayo che. Aje muMbaInA eka sAptAhikano phelAvo traNa lAkhanI upara pahoMcyo che. be gujarAtI dainikono phelAvo pAMca lAkhathI upara pahoMcyo che. rAjakoTa jevA nAnA kendranuM eka dainika lAkhanI nakalanI lagolaga pahoMcyuM che. joke, phelAvAmAM A vadhAro paNa sapramANa ane taMdurasta nathI. cArathI pAMca dainikono phelAvo khUba vadhyo che, tyAre keTalAMkano phelAvo ghaTyo paNa che ane moTI mAchalI nAnI mAchalIne gaLI jAya evuM paNa banyuM che. hAla gujarAtI dainikonI kula rIDarazipa 46 lAkhanI hovAno aMdAja che. 1980mAM gujarAtImAM kula 788 patro nIkaLatAM, e Aje 1545 thayAM che. AnI sAthe sAthe 1970nA arasAmAM gujarAtI akhabAronA kalevara upara paNa moTI asara thaI. pAnAM vadhyAM, ravivAra ane budhavAranI judI judI raMgaberaMgI pUrtio bahAra paDavA lAgI, thokabaMdha viSayo upara lekho chapAvA lAgyA. tasavIro ane kArTunonuM pramANa ane dhoraNa paNa sudharyuM. A arasAmAM vRttAMtanivedananuM dhoraNa paNa ThIkaThIka UMcuM jatuM gayuM. 1980nA dAyakAmAM A valaNa cAlu rahyuM. svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratvanI kAmagIrIne vistaraNa, kalevara ane guNavattA evA vibhAgomAM vaheMcIe to prathama be muddAonI bAbatamAM gujarAtI patrakAratve siddhinAM zikharo sara karyA che, ema kahIe to cAle. phelAvAnI vAta AgaLa karI che, phelAvAnI sAthe akhabAronuM kada paNa vadhyuM che, ane pAnAnI saMkhyAmAM enuM pratibiMba paDyuM che. eka samaye cArathI cha pAnAthI dainiko saMtoSa mAnatAM. Aje dararoja 10 thI 20 pAnAM ApavAM sAmAnya thaI paDyuM che. moTA

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38 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM bhAganA dainiko potAnAM mAsTaraheDa dararoja judA judA raMgomAM chApe che. ravivAranI pUrtio have bahuraMgI banAvAya che ane emAM le-AuTanI adyatana paddhationo upayoga thAya che. pUrtinI vAcanasAmagrImAM paNa abhUtapUrva vaividhya jovA maLe che ane gharanA sau sabhyone koI ne koI lekha potAnA rasa ane ruci pramANeno maLI Ave evuM Ayojana thAya che. moTA bhAganAM dainiko have phoTo TAipaseTiMga tarapha vaLyA hovAthI ochI jagyAmAM vadhu sAmagrI samAvavAnuM zakya bane che. mAhitIprada sAmayiko have oNphaseTa upara chapAya che ane atyAre ophaseTano yuga jAmI rahyo che ema kahI zakAya. rAjakoTanuM dainika "jayahiMda' ophaseTa upara chapAtuM pazcima bhAratanuM kadAca prathama dainika hatuM. kampojhanI bAbatamAM paNa have adyatana TeknolojIno upayoga thAya che. dhIme dhIme phoTo kampojha paddhatinuM vistaraNa thatAM patrakAratvanI duniyAmAM hajI navA prayogo, navAM kalevara jovA maLaze e niHzaMka che. vRttAMtanivedako have sIdhA kaoNpyuTara para besIne ahevAla taiyAra kare che. vRttAMtanivedananI bAbatamAM paNa chellAM paMdareka varSamAM gujarAtI patrakAratve sArI evI pragati karI che ema niHsaMkoca kahI zakAya. dainikonA vRttAMtanivedakonI saMkhyA vadhI che ane jillAvAra temaja pradezavAra judA judA pratinidhio nImavAnI vyavasthA amalamAM AvI che. amadAvAda, muMbaI ane dilhI jevAM agatyanA zaheromAM khAsa pUrNa riporTaro ghaNAM dainikoe niyukta karyA che, ane dilhInI aMtaraMga ghaTanAo tathA samAcAranI bhItaramAM samAcAra meLavI ApavAmAM A riporTaroe ghaNA kissAomAM noMdhapAtra kuzaLatA dAkhavI che. morArajIbhAInA 1977nA upavAsa prasaMge janmabhUmi'nA dilhI khAtenA pratinidhie prazaMsanIya kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. dilhInI rAjakIya ghaTanAonA aMtaraMga ApavAnI bAbatamAM gujarAtI akhabAro bIjI ghaNI bhASAnAM akhabAronI AgaLa nIkaLI jAya ema che. keTalAMka gujarAtI dainikonA AvA ahevAlo ane agralekhomAM vyakta thatA abhiprAyono paDagho dilhImAM paDato thayo che e eka gaurava levA jevI prakriyA che. ravivAra uparAMta somavAra ane budhavAre amadAvAdanAM dainiko khAsa viSayo upara lekho pragaTa kare che ane vAcaka vAMcatAM thAkI jAya eTalI mAhitI pIrase che. jillA mathakone ghaNAM dainiko kaoNpyuTarathI sAMkaLI le che. eka jamAnAmAM dainika patra dUranAM sthaLoe sAMje athavA bIjA divase savAre TrenamAM pahoMcatuM. Aje amadAvAdanuM dainika cheka porabaMdara ane verAvaLa sudhI savAramAM ja pahoMcI jAya che. saMkhyAbaMdha dainikoe Aje potAnI judI TrAnsaporTa vyavasthA UbhI karI che ane potAnI TaeNksIo dvArA savAra paDatAM ja gAmegAma akhabAra pahoMcatuM thAya evI racanA karI che. Ane lIdhe lokone tAjA samAcAro tarata ja maLatA thAya che.

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svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva [ 39 gujarAtI patrakAratve vistaraNa sAruM evuM karyuM che, ema svIkAryA pachI e satyanI paNa jene yAdI apAvavI paDe che ke vistaraNa e vikAsano paryAya nathI. Aje gujarAtI bhASAnuM chApuM gAmaDe gAmaDe ane ghare ghare pahoMcatuM jarUra thayuM che, paNa phelAvAnI sAthe sAthe guNavattA jALavavAnuM kaparuM kAma enAthI bahu siddha thayuM nathI. gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM AyuSya doDhasoeka varSanuM thayuM che ane e doDhaso varSanA gALAmAM eNe ghaNAM navAM zikharo zara karyA che, paNa hajI ghaNI bAbatomAM apekSAo pUrI karavAnuM bAkI che. Aje zikSaNanuM pramANa vadhyuM che ane lokonI vAcanabhUkha UghaDI che, paNa A vadhelI vAcanabhUkhane eNe mahadaMze uttejaka ane arucikara sAmagrI vaDe saMtoSI che. akhabAranI eka mahattvanI kAmagIrI prajAnA saMskAraghaDataranI che. A bAbatamAM svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratvanI bhUmikA carcAspada che. thoDA samaya pahelAM ApaNA baMdhAraNamAM lokonA adhikAronI sAthe pharajo umeravAmAM AvI hatI, ane emAMnI eka pharaja vaijJAnika dRSTibiMdu vikasAvavA aMgenI hatI. Ama chatAM, gujarAtI dainiko jyotiSa uparAMta camatkAronI kathAo pAnAM bharIne chApya jAya che. akhabArane lokazAhIno praharI kahevAmAM Ave che, ane lokazAhImAM lokamata ghaDavAnI sAthe lokarucinuM paNa ghaDatara karavAnI agharI javAbadArI akhabAre nibhAvavAnI hoya che. svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM samagra bhAratIya patrakAratva mahadaMze prayojanapradhAna hatuM ane gujarAtI patrakAratvanA vikAsanI sAthe ajhAdInI laData e samaye joDAyelI rahI hatI. AthI, e samayanAM akhabAromAM rAjakIya ghaTanAonuM prAcarya svAbhAvikapaNe ja rahyuM. paraMtu svAtaMtrya pachI pelo mukhya uddeza siddha thaI jatAM, akhabAro thoDo samaya sudhI to dhyeyahIna ane dizAhIna banIne bhaTakatAM rahyAM. e pachI dhIme dhIme vikAsazIla dezonA praznonI bhUmikA kaMIka baMdhAI, paNa rAjakAraNanuM pramANa ghaTavAne badale vadhatuM gayuM. AjanAM akhabArone "rAjakAraNa-grasta" kahI zakAya. eTalI hade rAjakIya ghaTanAonuM sthAna emAM vadhyuM che. bIjI tarapha sAhitya ane saMskAranI pravRttionuM kavareja' satata ghaTatuM rahyuM che. Aje gujarAtI akhabAromAM sAhityika kaTAronuM pramANa pahelAM kadI nahotuM eTaluM nIcuM gayuM che. koI jANItA vicAraka ke lekhakanuM bhASaNa chApAmAM chapAyeluM jovuM e svapnavat banI gayuM che. koI netA ke pradhAna maMdiramAM darzane jAya to ene paNa moTI ghaTanA mAnIne akhabAro prathama pAne enI tasavIra chApe che, paNa keLavaNI ke sAhityanA viSayamAM banelI moTI ghaTanAnI noMdha sudhdhAM letA nathI. philmajagatanI gapasapathI kaoNlamo bharI devAya che, paNa philmanA mAdhyamanI "ekeDemika carcA karatA lekho jovA maLatA nathI. philmonI samIkSAe paNa moTA bhAganAM dainikomAMthI vidAya lIdhI che.

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40 gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM mahattvanAM kendromAM khAsa saMvAdadAtAo nImavA chatAM samAcAronA saMkalananI bAbatamAM gujarAtI akhabAromAM khAsa Ayojana jovA maLatuM nathI. mahattvanI ghaTanAonA riporTiMganI bAbatamAM "pholo apa" ahevAlo jovA maLatA nathI. koIvAra IrAnanI ghaTanAo aMge AkhuM pAnuM bharIne ahevAla jovA maLe, paNa pachI divaso sudhI IrAna aMge eka lITI paNa vAMcavA na maLe. lekho sAmAnya rIte lIDara peIja upara goThavavAnI paraMparA che, paNa ghaNAM gujarAtI patro mahattvanA lekhone game e pAne mUkI de che. vAcakonA patronI bAbatamAM to lagabhaga udAsInatA jovA maLe che. ekAda-be gujarAtI patrone bAda karatAM mahattvanA prazno upara vAcakonA patronA vibhAgamAM carcA jAmI hoya evuM banatuM nathI. chellA doDha dAyakAmAM banelI keTalIka ghaTanAo noMdhapAtra che. "TAimsa opha inDiyA'nI gujarAtI AvRtti 1988mAM zarU thaI, paNa TUMkA gALAmAM (1993mAM) baMdha thaI gaI. e ja jUthanuM mahilA sAmayika "pheminA' paNa gujarAtImAM AvyuM, ane baMdha thayuM. paNa, dilhInA eka jUthanuM "gRhazobhA' cAlI rahyuM che. jANItuM hindI sAmayika "manohara kahAniyAM" paNa gujarAtImAM AvI cUkyuM che. "inDiyA Tu De'nI gujarAtI AvRtti pAkSika hatI. e have sAptAhika banI rahI che. suratanuM janmabhUmi jUthanuM baporanuM dainika "pratApa' '91mAM baMdha thayuM. tAjetaramAM inDiyana eksapresa jUthanuM pAkSika "raMgataraMga' paNa baMdha thayuM che. "janmabhUmi'nI gujarAtI AvRtti gAMdhInagarathI nIkaLI paNa cAlI nahIM. 'citralekhA" ane "abhiyAna' zreNImAM nIkaLatuM muMbaInuM yuvadarzana baMdha thayuM, paNa amadAvAdathI e prakAranuM sAptAhika neTavarka zarU thayuM che. "akhaMDa AnaMda', 'nirIkSaka", "kumAra" vagere baMdha thaIne pharIthI zarU thayAM che. sAhityika sAmayikomAM pratyakSa" ane "uddeza'no umero thayo che. 1985mAM dainika samabhAva' amadAvAdathI zarU thayuM. svAtaMtrya pachInA patrakAratvamAM eka moTo pheraphAra e thayo ke e mAtra sevAkSetra na banI rahetAM vyavasAya banato gayo, ane vyavasAyamAMthI udyoga tarapha enI gati thaI. udyogomAM napho karavAnuM mukhya dhyeya hoya che. Ama akhabAronuM samagra mALakhuM badalAtuM gayuM ane dainika akhabAro to moTA udyogapationA ja hAthamAM jaI paDyAM. svAtaMtrya pahelAM akhabAranavezanuM ke patrakAranuM je sthAna hatuM, e dhIme dhIme akhabAranA mAlike laI lIdhuM. svAtaMtrya pachInA patrakAratva upara A hakIkate ghaNI moTI asara pADI che. AvI bIjI asarakAraka ghaTanA dezanA takhtA upara rAjakAraNIonA vadhelA prabhAvanI che. A prabhAve paNa patrakAratva upara moTI asara pADI ane khUba phelAvo dharAvatAM moTAM dainikonAM nAmo koI ne koI rAjakIya pakSa ke netAnI sAthe joDAvA

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svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva lAgyAM. chellAM daseka varSamAM rAjakAraNIono A prabhAva vadhyo che. kaTokaTInA arasAmAM A prabhAva taddana sapATI upara UpasI Avyo ane pakSonI asaMranI rekhA bilakula sApha dekhAvA lAgI. A badhAM paribaLone lIdhe guNAtmaka rIte akhabArone sahana karavuM paDyuM che. patrakAranuM tATasthya jokhamAyuM che ane eTale aMze patrakAratvanI vizvasanIyatA ghaTI che. anubhave darzAvyuM che ke ApaNuM patrakAratva enA svAtaMtrya upara tarApa Ave che jyAre eno asarakAraka sAmano nathI karI zakatuM ane ene AjhAdI maLe che tyAre pacAvI nathI zakatuM. gujarAtI patrakAratvane A vizeSa lAgu paDe che. AjanA gujarAtI patrakAratvanI sauthI moTI UNapa e che ke ApaNI pAse saMpUrNa kahI zakAya evuM eka paNa dainika ke sAmayika nathI. be-traNa gujarAtI dainiko vAMcI nAkhyA pachI paNa ApaNe saMtoSa anubhavI zakatA nathI ane ekAda aMgrejI chApuM hAthamAM levuM ja paDe. A koI sukhada sthiti nathI. gujarAtI akhabAro samAcAra ane phIcaranI bAbatamAM samatulA jALavI zakatAM nathI. amadAvAdanAM akhabAro samAcA2ne bhoge lekhone camakAve che ane rAjakoTanAM akhabAro A baMnenI vacce samatulA jALavavAno thoDo prayatna kare che. AMta22ASTrIya samAcAronuM pramANa gujarAtI akhabAromAM ghaNuM apUratuM hoya che evI sAmAnya phariyAda che. sarvekSaNa uparathI jaNAyuM che ke muMbaInAM dainiko cArathI sAta TakA AMta22ASTrIya samAcAro chApe che, tyAre amadAvAda ane rAjakoTanAM dainiko mAMDa doDhathI be TakA jagyA AMta2rASTrIya samAcAro mATe phALave che. amadAvAdanAM moTo phelAvo dharAvatAM dainiko taMtrIlekha mATe sarerAza phakta 50 senTimITara jagyA phALave che. 3 41 svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratvanI samIkSA karatI vakhate sAmayikono paNa ullekha karavo joIe. agAu nirdeza karyo che ema, Aje mAhitIprada ane uttejaka lakhANa pIrasatAM sAptAhikonI saMkhyA ane phelAvo khUba vadhyAM che, ane enuM mudraNa adyatana oNpharsaTa paddhati upara thavA mAMDyuM che. mukhapRSTha bahuraMgI jovA maLe che, ema aMdara paNa bahuraMgI tasavIro chapAya che. AvAM be gujarAtI sAptAhikono phelAvo eka lAkha nakalathI upara gayo che. bIjI tarapha ziSTa ane saMskAraghaDatara kare tathA sAhityika, sAMskRtika prakAranI sAmagrI pIrase evAM sAmayikono phelAvo dainikonA phelAvAnI sAthe vadhavo joIe, enA badale khUba ghaTyo che: 'milApeM' baMdha paDyuM tyAre A paristhitinI ekAeka AghAta sAthe jANa thayelI, paNa Aje paNa ziSTa sAmayikonA phelAvAmAM thaI rahelA ghaTADAnI prakriyA cAlu ja che. A sthiti khUba zocanIya che. A prakriyA dezavyApI ke vizvavyApI che ema kahIne AzvAsana laI zakAya ema nathI. marAThI ane malayAlama bhASAomAM AvAM sAmayiko Aje paNa garvabhera TakI rahyAM che.

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42 gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM bIjI bAju mAhitIprada sAptAhikomAMthI moTA bhAganAnuM dhoraNa sAruM evuM nIcuM rahyuM che ane mAtra uttejaka lakhANo ApIne phelAvo vadhAravA taraphanuM valaNa emaNe darzAvyuM che. A sAptAhiko mAhitIno Dhagalo karI de che e vAta sAcI, paNa gAMdhIjIe kahyuM hatuM ema "patrakAratvanuM kAma lokone zikSaNa ApavAnuM che, nahIM ke, lokonA magajamAM khapatI ane aNakhapatI mAhitI ThasoThasa bharI devAnuM." alabatta, AmAM muMbaInAM be sAptAhikoe potAnuM dhoraNa ThIkaThIka sudhAryuM che ane riporTiMgane vadhu adhikRta banAvavAnA prayatna karyA che enI noMdha levI rahI. 'inDiyA Tu De" have gujarAtImAM paNa bahAra paDe che. samagra bhAratIya patrakAratva ane gujarAtI patrakAratva aMge kahI zakAya ke mAliko ane rAjakAraNIonAM hitonI pAse vAcakanA hitano bhoga dharAI rahyo che. bar3haDa rasele eka vAra kahyuM hatuM ke, koI paNa saMsthA potAnI prajAne zuM Ape che, potAnA parivAranA sabhyone zuM Ape che, ane aMte potAnA netAne zuM Ape che enA upara enI saphaLatAno AdhAra rahe che. enA kahevA mujaba, ghaNI vAra, AmAMthI trIjI zarata AgalI be zaratone DhAMkI detI hoya che. ApaNA patrakAratvanI bAbatamAM Ama ja banI rahyuM che. akhabAronI bhUmikA ane kAryakSetra viSe Aje bhAgye ja koI vivAda rahyo che. gujarAtI akhabAronI vikAsanI zakyatA aMge paNa be mata nathI. lokamatane prabhAvita karanAra sauthI asarakAraka zastra tarIke enI kSamatA paNa nirvivAda che. rASTranA arthataMtramAM eka vyavasAya ke udyoga tarIke eNe bhajavavAnA bhAga aMge paNa koI dalIla nathI. prazna mAtra eTalo ja che ke ATalI vizALa zakyatAonI pazcAbhUmikAmAM ApaNuM patrakAratva saMtulita nIti jALavI rAkhIne, tathA udyoganI sAthe sAthe sevAvRttinuM pAsuM paNa bIjAmAM laIne e rASTranI ane khAsa to lokazAhInI vikAsayAtrAmAM kadama milAve che ke kema. akhabAroe ApaNane rAjakIya svAtaMtrya apAvyuM paNa vANInuM svAtaMtrya aNIne samaye e jALavI zakaze ke kema e zaMkAnI vAta che. gujarAtI akhabAroe chellA doDha dAyakAmAM asAdhAraNa phelAvo sAdhyo che ane sAjasajjA, le-AuTa, mudraNa vageremAM navAM sImAcihno sara karyA che. have A kSetramAMnI siddhione majabUta karIne eNe guNalakSI bAbato upara dhyAna ApavAno samaya pAkyo che.

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6 gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedana jyavadana paTela n Ajano ApaNo yuga akhabAra yuga che, akhabAra cheka dUra-dUranAM gAmaDAM sudhI pahoMcI gayuM che. zikSaNano pracAra ane prasAra vadhato jAya che, ema ema akhabArano vistAra ane enI asara paNa vadhatAM ja jAya che. akhabAre enuM sAmarthya ane enI tAkAta siddha karI batAvelAM hoI, e sattAnA cothA staMbhanuM biruda pAmela che. svAtaMtrya pUrvenA kALamAM ane svAtaMtrya pachInA samayamAM akhabAra enI zaktino paraco enI potAnI rIte ApatuM ja rahyuM che. lokamata ghaDavAnI dizAmAM ke lokaavAja Ubho karavAnI bAbatamAM akhabAra eka asarakAraka ane prabaLa mAdhyama puravAra thayuM che. samAcAra athavA to vRttAMta e koI paNa patranuM - koI paNa akhabAranuM phepharuM che, samAcAra e akhabArano prANavAyu che. samAcAranA pAyA para akhabAranI bAMdhaNI thAya che, enI sadhdharatA UbhI thAya che. AjanuM akhabAra samAcAro sivAya paNa ghaNuM badhuM Ape che, paNa samAcAra e enuM anivArya aMga che. samAcAra vibhAga nabaLo hoya to e akhabAranuM eka mahattvanuM aMga lakavAno bhoga banI gayuM che, ema kahIe to khoTuM nathI. samAcAra vibhAga jeTalo samRddha eTaluM akhabAra samRddha. samAcAra vibhAga jeTalo taTastha ane taMdurasta eTaluM akhabAra zaktizALI. kAraNa ke akhabAranuM pradhAna kArya to lokone samAcAra pUrA pADavAnuM che. samAcAra athavA vRtta e ja eno pradhAna hetu che. eTale koI paNa akhabAramAM vRttAMtanivedakanI kAmagIrI pAyAnI kAmagIrI gaNAya che. koI paNa akhabAranA pAyArUpa samAcAranI TUMkAmAM TUMkI vyAkhyA hoya to ema kahI zakAya ke, kyAMka paNa banelA mahattvanA tAjA banAvano cokkasa ane pUrvagrahathI mukta evo ahevAla ke je vAMcavAne, jANavAne loko utsuka hoya. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to je ghaTanA banI che, athavA koI paNa kSetre koI banAva banyo hoya e aMgenI cokkasa, saMpUrNa, taTastha ane tAjI samayasaranI mAhitI e samAcAra. Aje dizA ane kALanAM aMtara ghaTyAM che. mAnavI ekaMbIjAnI vadhu najIka Avyo che; dUra dUranAM, deza-dezanAM hito ane prazno paNa have to eka bIjA sAthe gUMthAtAM jAya che; eTale judA judA deza, judA judA samAjo ekabIjA sAthe 2sa letA thayA che. rAjakIya jAgRti ane sabhAnatA paNa pragaTI che. rAjakAraNa mANasanA rojiMdA jIvanano hisso banI gayuM che. vastI vadhatI jAya che, vijJAna vikasatuM jAya

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44 D gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM che ane tyAre avanavA ane tareha-tarehanA banAvonuM pramANa paNa vadhatuM jAya che. e sthitimAM samAcAra e mANasa-mANasane ekabIjA sAthe joDavAno eka setu banI jAya che. duniyAnA koI eka khUNe banelI ghaTanA, duniyAnA bIjA khUNe saMvedanA UbhI karI jAya che, ane pariNAme vRttAMtanivedananuM phalaka paNa have vistaratuM jAya che, bhaviSyamAM paNa eno vyApa ane enuM mahattva vadhatAM ja rahevAnAM che. eTale ja, koI paNa patranuM anivArya aMga eno vRttAMtanivedaka hoya che. eka kALe jema, kavio janmajAta hovAno dAvo karavAmAM Avato hato, ema evuM paNa kahevAtuM ke patrakAra banato nathI, janmato hoya che. emAM aMzataH satya raheluM che enI nA pADI zakAya nahIM. pahelI vAta to e che ke patrakAramAM patrakAratva mATenI aMdaranI ruci hovI joIe, aMta2no 2sa hovo joIe, enA lohImAM abhiruci UtaravI joIe; A rasarucinI sAthe jarUrI tAlImano samanvaya Avazyaka che. janmajAta kahevAtA vRttAMtanivedake paNa akhabArI saMdarbhamAM Avazyaka tAlIma meLavelI hoya to e vRttAMtanivedaka, saphaLa vRttAMtanivedaka banI zake che. saphaLa vRttAMtanivedaka thavA mATe jijJAsAvRtti, kutUhalavRtti, sAhasikatA, sabhAnatA, nIDaratA, ni:saMkocapaNuM, AtmazraddhA vagere guNo to jarUrI che ja; sAthe sAthe bhASA para prabhutva hovuM joIe, saMvedanazIla ane dhAradAra kalama hovI joIe. samAcAranuM DrAphTiMga AkarSaka ane asarakAraka hovuM joIe, zailI ane rajUAtamAM paNa vRttAMtanivedakanI potAnI AgavI vizeSatA hovI joIe. kaI ghaTanAne samAcAra kahI zakAya, ane e ghaTanAne kevo ghATa ApI, kevA svarUpamAM akhabAramAM camakAvI zakAya e badhI kaLAo paNa kuzaLa vRttAMtanivedakamAM hovI joIe. koI paNa jagAethI samAcAranI gaMdha pArakhI levAno guNa - ane samAcA2nuM pageruM meLavI samAcArane zodhI kADhavAno kasaba paNa vRttAMtanivedaka pAse hovo joIe. ghaTanAo to copAsa banatI ja hoya che, paNa emAMnI kaI ghaTanA samAcAra banI zake, e pArakhI kADhavAnI zaktine ja aMgrejImAM 'nojha phaoNra dhI nyUjha' kahe che. svAtaMtryaprApti pachI, khAsa karIne 1954-55 pachI, rAjakAraNa ane samAjajIvanamAM navAM navAM parivartano UbhAM thavA mAMDyAM. keTalAka sAmAjika mUlyo ane nItimattAnAM dhoraNo para paNa enI asara thavA mAMDI, ema patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedakanI rIti-nIti, rUpa-raMga ane raMgaDhaMgamAM paNa parivartana thavA mAMDyuM. moTA bhAganAM akhabAroe taTasthatA, samatolapaNuM ane svAsthatA gumAvavA mAMDI ane agAu akhabAro cokkasa prakAranA umadA 'mizana'ne najaramAM rAkhIne cAlatAM hatAM, e 'kaoNmarziyala' banatAM gayAM. ripaoNrTiMganI kAmagIrImAM paNa potAne gamatI-na gamatI rIte samAcArone 'macaDavAnI' eka paddhati-sTAila zarU thaI. rAjakAraNanI ghaTanA hoya ke koI sAmAjika ghaTanA hoya, paNa potAnI aMgata ruci ke aMgata khyAlo mujaba ene ghATa ApavAnuM zarU thayuM. rAjakAraNamAM paNa cokkasa nizAnane naja2mAM

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gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedana 45 rAkhIne ja vRttAMtanivedana karavAnuM paNa zarU thayuM. A badhAMne kAraNe vRttAMtanivedana aMge zuddhi ane AcAra bAju para mukAI gayAM. pariNAma e AvyuM ke ripaoNTiMganuM dhoraNa nIcuM UtaratuM gayuM che. sAcuM rAjakIya citra jANavuM hoya to vAcakane traNa-cAra judAMjudAM akhabAro vAMcavAM paDe che, ane sAmAnya vAcaka to judI judI nIti dharAvatAM judAM judAM akhabAromAM, ekanI eka vAta, judI judI rIte AlekhAyelI joIne dvidhAmAM paDI jAya che ke gerasamajano bhoga bane che. A mATe patrasaMcAlakoe svIkArelI nIti jeTalI javAbadAra che eTalA ja vRttAMtanivedako paNa javAbadAra che. joke, e vAta sAcI ke vRttAMtanivedananI zailI ane rajUAta aMgenI kalA chellA traNa dAyakAthI khIlI che. vRttAMtanivedanane paNa sAhityika sparza ApavAno prayAsa koI koI akhabAramAM jovA maLe che. vRttAMtanivedanane sAhityika sparza maLatAM samAcAra AkarSaka banI jAya che, vAcakanA hRdayamAM saMvedanA pragaTAvI jAya che. anubhave meM joyuM che ke patrakAra sAhityanA raMgathI raMgAyelo hoya, patrakAranI sAthe sAthe e sAhityakAra paNa hoya to e patrakAratvano - enA lekhanano raMga oNra ja hoya che. evA vRttAMtanivedake lakhelA samAcAra ke lekha prajAnA haiyAmAM sIdhA ja ArapAra UtarI jAya che ane dhArI asara UbhI kare che. agAu vRttAMtanivedanamAM lakhelA hevAla sIdhA, saraLa, koI paNa raMgarogAna vinAnA, ke kalpanAnA sparza vagaranA lAgatA hatA, e ahevAlo mAtra ahevAlo ja hatA, mAhitI ja hatI; eTale emAM zuSkatA jaNAtI hatI; paNa AjanA sAMprata akhabAro joIzuM to emAM vRttAMtanivedananI kalA khIlatI jovA maLe che, vaividhya jovA maLe che, lAlitya jovA maLe che. zikSaNa, vijJAna, rAjakAraNa, arthakAraNa e badhAMno vikAsa thato jAya che, ema ema samAjajIvana ane jAhera jIvanamAM paNa anekavidha dizAo UghaDe che. pravRttio dhabake che, ghaTanAo bane che. ema ema vRttAMtanivedananuM kSetra paNa vistaratuM jAya che. ane e rIte vRttAMtanivedananI kAmagIrInA paNa vibhAgo UbhA karavAmAM AvyA che, jema ke polIsa-korTanuM riporTiMga, rAjakIya pakSonuM riporTiMga, zikSaNa saMsthAonuM riporTiMga, majUra pravRttionuM riporTiMga, udyoga ane vepAra kSetranuM riporTiMga, sarakArI kacerIonuM riporTiMga, sAMskRtika ane kalAnI pravRttionuM riporTiMga vagere vagere. A kAmagIrI dareka vRttAMtanivedakane enA abhyAsa, rasa ane ruci mujaba vaheMcAyelI hoya che to emAM saphaLatA sArI maLe che. potAnA aMgata rasa ane aMgata abhigama je viSayamAM hoya emAM e vadhu saphaLa bane che. paNa AjakAla keTalAMka akhabAromAM game e vRttAMtanivedakane game e kAmagIrI soMpAya che tyAre enA ahevAlomAM asarakArakatA jovA maLatI nathI, jIvaMtapaNuM jovA maLatuM nathI.

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47 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM samAcAramAM ke ahevAlamAM sazaktapaNuM ke asarakArakatA tyAre ja Ave ke vRttAMtanivedake emAM dilathI kAma karyuM hoya. AjakAla gujarAtI patromAM, vRttAMtanivedananA kSetre navI navI zaktio ghaNI Ave che, navI kalamo ane navuM lohI paNa AvatuM jAya che. koI paNa kSetramAM ke koI paNa vyavasAyamAM jyAre navI zakti ke navuM lohI ke navA pravAho bhaLe che tyAre ja ene gatizIlatA maLe che. patrakAratva ane emAMya vRttAMtanivedakanI kAmagIrI eka vizeSa prakAranI kAmagIrI che. A kAmagIrI vizeSa prakAranA guNo ane vizeSa prakAranI zakti paNa mAgI le che. je navo phAla A kSetre Ave che emAM AMgaLInA veDhe gaNI zakAya evA ja thoDA vRttAMtanivedako sAcA arthamAM vRttAMtanivedaka kahI zakAya evA hoya che. evuM paNa jovA maLe che ke, polIsa, korTa ke judA judA rAjakIya pakSo taraphathI je vigato maLe, ke emanI mAraphate je mAhitI pUrI pADavAmAM Ave, e ja bahudhA akhabAramAM chApIne-camakAvIne saMtoSa mAnavAmAM Ave che, paNa vigatomAM UMDA UtarI, potAnI rIte jAtamAhitI meLavI, banAvanI bhUmikA ane saMdarbhane samajI vicArI vRttAMtanivedana karanArA vRttAMtanivedako bahu ochA jovA maLe che. vRttAMtanivedana khIlatuM jAya che e vAta sAcI, paNa dhoraNa sacavAtuM nathI, bhASAzuddhi jaLavAtI nathI, kyAMka kyAMka atire kapaNuM vartAya che, zabdonA anucita upayogo jovA maLe che, ane jema jema akhabArono phelAvo vadhato jAya che, ema ema bhASAnuM dhoraNa jaLavAtuM nathI. patranA phelAvAnI sAthe sAthe patramAM paNa bhASAnI zuddhatA jaLavAI rahe e eTaluM ja mahattvanuM che. evA ghaNA prasaMgo, ghaTanAo, jhaMjhAvAta UbhAM thAya che ke jyAre vRttAMtanivedake svasthatA jALavavAnI rahe che, samatolapaNuM jALavIne gaMbhIratAthI kAmagIrI bajAvavAnI hoya che. AvA prasaMgoe Aveza, uttejanA, pUrvagraha ane utAvaLAM anumAnothI prerita ahevAla apAya to ethI sanasanATI bhale UbhI thatI haze, paNa samAjane moTI hAni pahoMce che. vRttAMtanivedako to ahevAlo lakhI, cIpha riporTara samakSa rajU karI detA hoya che. mukhya vRttAMtanivedananI kAmagIrI ghaNI javAbadArIvALI hoya che, kayA samAcArane keTaluM mahattva ApavuM, kayA samAcArane kaI rIte rajU karavo, kayA samAcAramAM kaI kaI khUTatI mAhitI che e jANI vadhu mAhitI meLavavA riporTarane kahevuM. samAcAra ke ghaTanA banyA pachI "pholo-apa' karavAnI kAmagIrI - e badhI javAbadArI mukhya vRttAMtanivedakane mAthe hoya che. koI paNa akhabArano mukhya vRttAMtanivedaka jeTalo zaktizALI ane sUjhavALo eTalI ja eno samAcAra vibhAga samRddha ane dhArI asara UbhI karanAro hovAno. ApaNAM gujarAtI akhabAro jema jema samRddha thatAM jAya che, ema ema samAcAra vibhAgane paNa samRddha karavAno banato yatna kare che. joke haju je rItano prayatna thavo joIe e rItano thato nathI. AjanA samAcArapatro, judA judA vibhAgo

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gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedana O 47 Ape che, prAsaMgika lekho Ape che, rAjakAraNanA pravAhonI noMdha Ape che, zikSaNane lagatA, samAjajIvanane lagatA vibhAgo Ape che, e sArI vAta che, paNa samAcAranA bhoge e badhuM thaze to dainikapatrano prANa haNAyA vinA rahevAno nathI.. ane chelle, rASTrapitA gAMdhIjIe akhabAro aMge ullekha karatAM eka vAta lakhelI e yAda Ave che. emaNe lakheluM : "je samAcAranI satyatAnI cakAsaNI zakya na hoya evA samAcAra chApavA karatAM na chApavA bahetara che." vRttAMtanivedananA kSetre jeTalI taTasthatA jaLavAze, aMgata hita karatAM jAhera hitane lakSamAM rakhAze, loMkapriyatAne badale, siddhAMtapriyatAne prAdhAnya apAze, vigato pUrvagraha ke pakSapAta vinA 2jU thaze, ane koInI paNa zeha-zaramanI asaramAM AvyA vinA satyanI 2jUAta thaze eTalI ja samAjanI sevA thaze, patranuM potAnuM paNa eka AgavuM pota - AgavuM vyaktitva pragaTa thaze. ApaNA suzikSitoe vRttavivecanane eka gaMbhIra ane pavitra vyavasAya banAvavI joIe... jo ApaNA gaNyAgAMThyA paNa samartha lekhako A vyavasAyane pavitra vyavasAya karI mUke to ApaNAM vartamAnapatrone emanI yogya pratiSThA maLe. je e vyavasAyamAM paDelA che emaNe dhaMdho, kamAvAno dhaMdho karI mUkelo che; jenAmAM zakti che ane pratibhA che emano mukhya vyavasAya bIjo che. zrI rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka jevA potAnA svairavihArano eka eka kaTako koI khAsa dainika ke sAptAhikamAM ApatA thAya, gaganavihArI mahetA jevA potAnI avaLavANIno lAbha nitya niyamita rIte ApatA jAya - jema robarTa linDa ("vAI. vAI.") nyUsTeTsamena ane nezanane Ape che - jo kAkAsAheba ane kizoralAlabhAI jevA samartha vicArakono thoDo samaya paNa vRttavivecanane paNa maLato jAya, jo gUjarAta vidyApIThamAMthI pAkelA umAzaMkara joSI, somAbhAI bhAvasAra, zrIdharANI jevA nitya pragativaMta kavio ane bIjA potAnI kavitvazaktino gAmaDAMnI sevArthe upayoga karI ApaNAM dainikone ane sAptAhiko eno lAbha ApatAM jAya, ane gAmaDAmAM phAma karI rahelAonI pAse ApaNe lekho meLavatA jaIe to ApaNAM vartamAnapatro vadhAre vaividhya ane samRddhi meLavaze, ane ciraMjIvI nahIM to kSaNajIvI paNa suvAcya sAhitya ApaNe gujarAtI jagatane aupI zakIzuM. - mahAdevabhAI desAI (gujarAta sAhitya pariSadanuM bAramuM adhivezanapatrakAratva-vibhAganA pramukha tarIke ApelA vaktavyamAMthI)

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gujarAtI akhabAromAM kaTAkSa-kavitA 3 nAthAlAla dave ApaNAM akhabAromAM vividha viSayo para aneka prakAranI kaTAro lakhAya che. bALakonI phUlavADI, yuvAno mATe krikeTa, Arogya, sAhitya, nATaka, saMgIta, sinemA, kAyadA, Urdhva cetanA, gAyatrI upAsanA, bhUtapreta, punarjanma - AvA asaMkhya viSayo para kaTAro pragaTa thAya che ne vAcako eno AnaMda mANe che. emAM koI koI vAra camakI jatI kaTAkSa-kavitA vize huM be zabdo kahIza. gujarAtamAM kavitArasika vAcakono paNa eka varga che. koI uttama adhyApaka ke zikSake rasa lagADyo hoya ane e varasothI jaLavAI rahyo hoya evA vAcako paNa che. teo chApAmAM kavitA joIne AnaMda pAme che, na jue to nirAza thAya che. moNa vagaranI roTalI rasA vagaranuM zAka, ema kavitA vagaranuM chApuM e jotAM ja lAge thAka." gujarAta samAcAra'mAM varaso sudhI sva. ramaNabhAI bhaTTanI "nAradavANI' pragaTa thatI. "janmabhUmi'mAM karasanadAsa mANeka "vaizaMpAyananI vANI' lakhatA "jAma che, jAma che, jAma che, mAruM nAma navA nagarano jAma che. vilAte besIne koMgresanuM vATavuM, Aja kAla e mAruM kAma che." sva. veNIbhAI purohita nivRtta thayA tyAM sudhI "AkhA bhagatanA pappA" pIrasatA rahetA. sva. meghANIbhAI "sAMbelAnA sUra' uparAMta hAsyakAvyonA paNa sarasa prayogo karatA. subhASabAbu 1937mAM kaoNMgresa pramukha tarIke briTiza sarakArane alTimeTama ApavA utAvaLA thatA hatA tyAre meghANIbhAIe baMgALI bhASAmAM ja emanI gammata karI hatI. "AmAdera bAMglAdezara ekaTi A che kArjakarama, diye dAo alTimeTama, AmAdera kuMjebhorA kokila DAke alTimeTama, AmAdera gardabherA dAMDAya bhaMke alTimeTama." hAsyakaTAkSanI oNlamo niyamita vaMcAya che. zrI bakula tripAThI, zrI vinoda

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O 49 gujarAtI akhabAromAM kaTAkSa-kavitA bhaTTa, zrI devendrabhAI ojhA(vanamALI vAMko)nI mArmika hAsyamajAko, zrI niraMjana trivedI, zrI ratilAla anila, zrI ratilAla borIsAgara vagerenA kaTAkSalekho vAcako anivAryapaNe vAMce che. kAraNa ke hAsya e sarvottama auSadha che. gadyalekho jema vaMcAya che ema haLavI prAsaMgika hAsyakavitA paNa khUba vaMcAya che. akhabAromAM koI muktaka, koI chappo, koI gajhalanI be kaDI camake che tyAre vAcakonI AMkhomAM AnaMda pragaTe che. zrI cakoranAM kArTUnonI peThe kaTAkSakavitA mitAkSarI hovA chatAM ghaNuM kahI jAya che. AkhA agralekha jeTalI vAta cAra paMktinA muktakamAM samAvI zakAya che-- "lUMTe koI chAtI sAme barachI baMdUka tAkI, e to jUnA jamAnAnA jUnavANI kissA. bajeTa to Adhunika pistola oNTomeTika, bAre mAsa mArA khaMkheratA rahe khissA.' athavA to juo A nAnA kAvyano marma jayate' che. 'satyameva sarasa mudrAlekha oNphisa kerI bhIMta para khurazI kerI pITha para zobhI rahe che barAbara. goThavI to ThIka dIdho che paNa kadi vicAra kIdho che ? 'satya jo jItaze ApanuM zuM thaze ?' kavitA A nAnI sarakhI vAta "A cheDe vidyuta jevI che o cheDe UbhA utsuka enA cAhaka, to kAvya bhAvuka sudhI kAM nA pahoMce ? vacce vivecaka khaDA maMdavAhaka." athavA to vivecaka vize aMgrejImAM prAsaMgika hAsya-kavitA adbhuta vikAsa pAmI che. "dha sTeTsamaeNna"mAM segiTerasa upanAme eka mahilAe 40 varasa ekadhArAM uttama kaTAkSakAvyo ApelAM.

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50 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM jhona mesaphilDa jevA gaMbhIra kavi paNa koI vAra hAtha ajamAvI letA - "The Girl who studied Dante once, Is bearing children to a dance." ogaDena nezanI A paMktio - "God in his wisdom made a fly And then he forget he made it why!" gilbarTa sulivAnanA 'mikADo', "pAireTasa oNpha pinAphora' vagere kAvyaoperA vizvavikhyAta thayA che. ravIndranAthanI "jUtAra AviSkAra', 'TiMga TiMga cha' jevI kRtio sahune suparicita che. hiMdI sAmayikomAM kaTAkSa-kavitAnA ati suMdara namUnA pragaTa thatA rahe che. juo lakhanauthI Avelo eka zera - "kabhI dhakkese calatI hai use hama kAra kahete hai, jo dhakese bhI nahIM calatI use sarakAra kahete hai." svarAja pachInAM 30 varSa vize tArakezvarIbahenanI A TIkA juo - aise vaise kaise kaise ho gaye, kese kaise aise vaise ho gayo." athavA to udghATana vize eka A nAnuM muktaka - "nagarapAlikAne banAvAyA hai eka adyatana smazAna, aba pratIkSA kI jA rahI hai, ki koI netA mare to usako jalAkara udghATana kare." je kahevAnuM che e kevuM coTadAra rIte kahevAI jAya che chatAM TUMku ane Taca ! hAsyakavitA prAsaMgika haLavI gaNIne kADhI nAkhavA jevI vastu nathI. sarala dekhAya che paNa lakhavI sahelI nathI. koIkane ja e phAve che. kAvyasAhityano e eka sarasa AvakArapAtra prakAra che. akhabAromAM na-chUTake khUNekhAMce mUkavA jevI e vastu nathI. je saMpAdako zaMkA sAthe, saMkoca sAthe, bItAM bItAM ene sthAna Ape che; emane mAre kahevAnuM che ke vAcako e rasathI mANaze, vizvAsa rAkho. utsAhathI e pragaTa karo. A haLavI kavitA loko AnaMdathI vAMcaze, mANaze, ane e vAMcatA haze to koIka divasa gaMbhIra uttama kavitA vAMcavAnuM ene mana thaze. haLavI kaTAkSa-kavitA

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gujarAtI akhabAromAM kaTAkSa-kavitA | 51 Ama vAcaka ane uttama kavitA vacce seturUpa bane che ane uttama kavitA mATeno vAcakavarga taiyAra karI Ape che. * priya che vAcaka ! jhIlo hosTa kerAM phUla. narmamarma mANI thAjo manathI praphulla. hase eno vizvamahIM vijaya nizcita, sarva saMkaTone smita kare parAjita." o loko, tame ema na jANazo ke huM DAMDiyo Dama Dama Dama DAMDI pITI ja jANuM chuM--zaiyatane julamIonA julamamAMthI bacAvavAne, luccAnI ToLI vikherI nAkhavAne, tamArAmAMthI ajJAna, vahema ne anIti kADhI nAkhavAne, dezanuM bhaluM thAya tema karavAne huM thoDo ghaNo lAyaka chauM. meM tareha tarehavAra AdamIo joyA che - paMDita sAthe, mUrakha sAthe, nItimAna sAthe, anItimAna sAthe, bhalA ane DAMDaDAMDagA-DAMDiyA loko sAthe mAre jhAjho prasaMga paDyo che - paisAdAra ane garIbanAM gharomAM pharI vaLyo chauM - gADI, ghoDe beTho chauM ne jaMgalomAM cAlyo chauM - sAhebI ne veTha karI che - matalaba ke meM duniyAne sArI peThe oLakhI che. huM DAMDiyAnA bhedaprapaMco jANuM chauM - (DAMDiyApaNuM karyuM nathI) mATe DAMDiyAonI vAta huM bahAra kADhIza ane te uparathI teo mane DAMDiyo kaheze, mATe huM mArI meLe pahelethI ja DAMDiyo chauM ema kahuM chuM -khabaradAra - narmada

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taMtrIlekho yajJeza zukala tatrIlekha - je sAmAnya rIte agralekha tarIke nirdezAya che ane aMgrejImAM jene mATe Editorial' athavA 'Leader' evA zabdaprayoga thAya che e vAstavamAM to vartamAnapatranA hRdayanA sthAne che. hamaNAM hamaNAM taMtrIlekhonuM mahattva ochuM aMkAtuM. jaNAya che ane ene pariNAme athavA to taMtrIone potAnI kalamano sIdhesIdho paricaya vAcakone karAvavAnuM vadhAre rUcikara thaI paDyuM che eTale, taMtrIonI sahI heThaLanA lekhonuM pramANa vartamAnapatromAM vadhavA lAgyuM che. AthI kudaratI rIte ja, taMtrIlekhane sthAne AvatAM lakhANonuM mahattva ochuM aMkAvA lAge. bAkI sIdhesIdhI rIte joIe to taMtrIlekha-agralekha ke aMgrejI "eDiToriyala' ke "lIDara' dvArA ema ja taMtrInoMdho-noTsa' dvArA je vicAro rajU thAya che e vartamAnapatranI nItine phuTa karanArA hoI enuM pUratuM mahattva raheluM che. aMgrejI patrakAratvamAM hamaNAM taMtrIonI kalame svataMtra kaTAro savizeSa pramANamAM pragaTa thavA lAgI che ane enuM anukaraNa ApaNA gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM sudhdhAM thavA lAgyuM che. Ama chatAM AvI taMtrInA hastAkSara sAthenI kaTAro rojiMdI banI nathI; eTale aMze taMtrIlekho-agralekho-nuM mahattva aMgrejImAM ke gujarAtImAM ne bIjI bhASAonAM patrakAratvamAM raheluM ja che. paNa taMtrInI sahI sAthenI svataMtra kaTAronuM pramANa jema jema vadhatuM jaze ema ema agralekha ke taMtrIlekhanuM mahattva ApoApa ochuM thaI javAno bhaya rahe ja che. patrakAro mATenA vetanaborDa, patrakAronA je vividha vargo pADyA che emAM taMtrI pachInA madadanIza taMtrI, samAcAra taMtrI ane agralekhalekhaka-taMtrIlekha lekhaka-nuM sthAna ekasAthe nakkI kareluM che. sAmAnya rIte A vargIkaraNa aMgrejI patrakAratvane lakSamAM rAkhIne thayeluM che; kAraNa ke, vetanaborDa nakkI karelAM vargIkaraNamAM samAveza pAme evA keTalAya vargono, hajI Aje paNa, gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM to abhAva ja che. Ama chatAM agralekhalekhakanuM sthAna, bhale apavAdarUpa kissAomAM, gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM nizcita thayuM che. mArI jANa pramANe gujarAtanAM athavA to bIjAM gujarAtI vartamAnapatromAM bhAgye ja agralekhalekhakanuM alaga sthAna hastImAM che. moTe bhAge to, mArI jANamAM che tyAM sudhI, gujarAtI vartamAnapatronA taMtrIo ja mukhyatve emanAM patronA agralekhalekhako che. ne taMtrIo - jeonA nAma akhabAronA taMtrI tarIke jAhera thayelAM che eo

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taMtrIlekho - 53 agralekha lakhavA uparAMta bIjI ghaNI javAbadArI adA kare ja che. eka kALe ApaNA gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM taMtrIne mAthe agralekha lakhavA uparAMta samAcArasaMpAdananI ane bIjI ghaNI javAbadArIo rahelI hatI. taMtrIpada aMge 'menejiMga eDiTara'nI eka navI kakSA hastImAM AvelI che e mukhyatve to mAlikIpada sAthe saMkaLAyelI jaNAya che. aMgrejI ane gujarAtI athavA bIjI bhASAonAM vartamAnapatronI sarakhAmaNI ka2vAno koI prazna ja raheto nathI. chatAM eka vAta spaSTa che ke gujarAtI bhASAnAM akhabAro karatAM aMgrejI bhASAnAM akhabArono phelAvo, svAbhAvika rIte ja, vadhu che. bIjI bhASAonAM vartamAnapatro paNa emAM khAsa apavAda nathI. eTale, athavA aMgrejI patrakAratva sAmAnya rIte pazcimamAM vadhu pramANamAM vikasyuM hoI enI asara enA vikAsa para ahIM ApaNe tyAM paNa thaI che. eTale aMgrejI bhASAnAM akhabAronA agralekho eka ja vyaktine hAthe lakhAtA nathI. vividha viSayonA niSNAto dvArA e lekho lakhAtA hoya che. gujarAtI bhASAnAM vartamAnapatromAM AvI sthiti AvatAM hajI paNa ThIMka ThIka samaya jaze. daramyAna hamaNAM to eka ja vyakti 'sarvaguNasaMpanna' athavA 'sarvazAstravidyAvizArada' manAya che ane e vyakti ja tamAma viSayo para potAnA patranI nIti anusAranAM maMtavyo vyakta karI vAcakonuM mArgadarzana kare che. pachI lekhano viSaya rAjakAraNa hoya, arthanIti hoya, sAmAjika prazna hoya ke bIjo koI paNa viSaya hoya. taMtrIlekho lakhatAM AvaDe e pahelAM patrakAratvanAM bIjAM bhASAMtarathI mAMDIne samAcAradohana ane saMpAdana jevAM kAmomAM pAvaradhA thaI javAya e AvakArapAtra lekhAya. ApaNA gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM sIdhesIdhA taMtrIsthAna para besIne agralekhI ja zarUAta karanArA paNa che. nathI evuM nathI ja. paNa evI vyaktio apavAdarUpa ja che. paNa jo patronAM bIjAM aMgopAMganI sAravAra karavAnI javAbadArI AvI vyaktio para acAnaka AvI paDe to temAMthI teo pUrI saphaLatAthI pAra paDe ke kema e prazna che. paNa enI jhAjhI carcAmAM nahIM UtaratAM mane to samAcAranA bhASAMtara-sArohana-sAravAra-saMpAdana vagere kAmo karyAne pariNAme agralekho . lakhavAnA kAmamAM vadhAre phAvaTa AvI gaI ema kahevAmAM jarAya saMkoca thato nathI. ne 'gujarAtI' jevA zuddha bhASAnA AgrahI evA akhabAramAM A prakAranI prAthamika tAlIma maLI hoI dainika patrakAratvamAM sudhdhAM' bhASAzuddhino mAro Agraha zakya teTalA vadhu pramANamAM jALavI zAyo che ema huM vinA saMkoce kahI zakavAnI sthitimAM chuM. -- -

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54 gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM * 'vaMdemAtaram'mAM hato tyAre agralekho saMbaMdhamAM sAmaLadAsabhAI karavA jevuM hoya to khAsa sUcana paNa karatA. eka sUcana emaNe bahu AgrahapUrvaka karyuM hatuM ane e emanI jhaDajhamaka bharelI Aga jharatI tejIlI bhASAnuM anukaraNa na karavAnuM hatuM. "ethI tamAruM vyaktitva agralekhomAM UpasatuM aTakI jaze.' evuM emanuM spaSTa kathana hatuM. eTale e meM khAsa apanAvyuM hatuM ane pariNAme mArA agralekhonI bhASA sAdI, saraLa ane sacoTa bhASA-kathana dharAvatI hatI. A paNa agralekhanI ja vAta che. dezabharamAM AjhAdInI rozanI prakaTI cUkI hatI ne kaoNMgresanA hAthamAM zAsanano dora AvI gayo hato. e saMjogomAM kAmadAromAM asaMtoSa hoya ane eone uzkeravAnA prayAso paNa thatA rahe topaNa eno sAmano zAMtithI, samajAvaTathI thavo joIe. ene badale muMbaImAM kAmadAronAM tophAnI ToLAM para goLIbAra thayo. koMgresI zAsanamAM Avo goLIbAra mane ayogya lAgyo. sAmaLadAsabhAI jUnAgaDha jatAM 'vaMdemAtaram'no tamAma taMtrabhAra mAre mAthe Avyo hato. emAM thoDIka haLavAza rahe e sAru agralekha lakhavAnuM kAma mArA sAthI sva. zrI ratilAla mahetAne soMpyuM hatuM. goLIbAra thayo e divasano agralekha lakhAI gayo hato. paNa mane lAgyuM ke koMgresI zAsanamAM prajA para, enA koI paNa varga para, goLIbAra thAya e ThIka nahIM. eTale meM taMtrI sthAnethI' eka nAno agralekha lakhIne pahele pAne chApyo. emAM kAmadAro sAthe damadATIthI nahIM paNa samajAvaTathI kAma levAno anurodha karyo hato. alabatta meM kAmadAronAM tophAnano virodha karyo paNa sAthosAtha goLIbArano paNa sakhta virodha karI e TALavAno Agraha karyo hato. | 'vaMdemAtaram' kaoNMgresanuM akhabAra gaNAtuM hoI, emAM koMgresI zAsanano virodha na thaI zake evo virodha mArI samakSa A mitravartuLa vyakta karyo. kaoNMgresamAM ApaNuM sAruM nahIM dekhAya evI dalIla paNa karI. paNa huM goLIbAra TALavo ja joIe e vicAramAM makkama hato. eTale meM enA virodhanI kazI gaMbhIra noMdha na lIdhI. thoDA divasamAM koI kAmasara zrI sAmaLadAsabhAI muMbaI AvyA. eo samakSa A bAbata phariyAda thaI. paNa eoe mAro pakSa laI, yajJeze virodha karyo emAM kazuM khoTuM nathI karyuM,' ema spaSTa jaNAvyuM. Aje koMgresI ne prajAnAM zAsana daramyAna, prajA para thaI rahelA goLIbAronI kula saMkhyA briTiza zAsanakALanA goLIbAronI saMkhyAno mukAbalo kare eTalI ke ethI paNa vadhu thavA jAya che. athavA kaho ke thaI cUkI che. e ApaNA saunI ciMtAno viSaya nathI ? sAmaLadAsabhAInA Akasmika avasAna pachIthI 'vaMdemAtaramnI sthiti DAmADoLa thavA lAgI hatI, e veLA ghATakoparamAM rahetA eka pIDha patrakAra sAthe agralekha lakhavAnI goThavaNa thaI hatI. eka vAra tyAMthI agralekha lakhAIne Avyo enA kaMpojha

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taMtrIlekho n 55 thayelA prUpha mArI pAse AvyAM. lekha asAdhAraNa vAMdhAbharyo hato. kuMbhameLAne aMge e lakhAyo hato ne emAM haradvAramAM bhAre jAnahAni thayAnA hevAla para TIkA-TippaNI karatAM vaDApradhAna zrI javAharalAla naheru para bhAre AkSepAtmaka TIkAo karavAmAM AvI hatI. A lekha chapAya to 'vaMdemAtaram' para vaherlI Aphata AvI paDe e spaSTa hatuM. ekabe sahakAryakara bhAIone vizvAsamAM laIne e lekha rada karI meM tatkALa navo lekha lakhI nAkhyo. jema jema lekha lakhAto gayo ema ema eka eka pAnuM pachI nIce kaMpojhamAM pahoMcatuM gayuM ne eka bAjuthI lekha pUro thatAM ardhA upara bhAganA agralekhanAM prUpha paNa mArI pAse AvI rahyAM. AvA bIjA paNa ekne prasaMgo UbhA thayA hatA, jyAre tatkALa agralekha lakhavo paDyo hato. A rIte 'vaMdemAtaram'nI anubhava-pAThazALAmAM pratyakSa pATha maLyA ane teNe agralekha lakhavAnI javAbadArI adA karavAmAM bhAre hiMmata prerI. 'vaMdemAtaram'nI lIlA saMkelAI gaI. 'jAmejamazeda' saMsthAmAMthI sAMjanuM dainika 'prajAmata' nIkaLyuM. ne mArA hRdayarogano ane ene pagale DAyAbiTIsano humalo thayo; gaMbhI2 (1954). emAM 'prajAmata' paNa baMdha paDyuM ne gujarAtI patrakAratvanA bhISma pitAmaha sva. sorAbajI pAlanajI kApaDiyAe mAro hAtha pakaDyo. eonI bhalAmaNathI 'samAcAra' parivAranA zrI. maMcerajI kAmAe Arthika ane zArIrika rIte sAva paMgu banI gayelA paNa makkama manobaLavALA eka pIDha patrakArano hAtha pakaDyo. ne 1958nA eprilanI tA. 25mIe zaMkarajayaMtInA pavitra divasathI agralekha lakhavAnI je zarUAta thaI e 1978nA jAnyuArInI 20mI sudhI askhalita cAlu rahI che. askhalita zabda hetupUrvaka upayogamAM lIdho che. 1971-72nA saMdhikALamAM traNa vAra hRdayaroganA humalA thayA mahinA doDha mahinAne gALe. e daramyAna haoNspiTalamAM rahevuM paDyuM ne thoDo ArAma levA pUratuM agralekha lakhavAnuM baMdha rahyuM. e sivAya bahAragAma houM topaNa satata lakhyuM che. sAmAnya rIte rAjakAraNa ane arthakAraNathI AgaLa vadhIne 'samAcAra'nA agralekhone sAhityanuM svarUpa ApavA sudhI huM laI jaI zakyo; ne ramatagamata jevA viSayo paNa agralekhano viSaya banI zakyA e paNa mAruM sadbhAgya. huM dhAruM chuM ke chellAM 25 varSamAM 'samAcAra'nA agralekho dvArA na chaNAyo hoya evo koI viSaya bhAgye ja maLaze. agralekhonuM lekhana pUratI gaMbhIratA mAge che. paNa kyAreka haLavI kSaNo sudhdhAM lekhanane vadhAre vAcanakSama banAve che. vaLI viSayanA nirUpaNamAM sacoTatA sAthe nAvInya hoya topaNa vAcanakSamatA vadhe che. agralekhamAM carcAyelA viSayane aMge zakya eTalI vigato TUMkAmAM apAya ane pachI enI chaNAvaTa thAya ne emAM TIkA-TippaNI -

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paka | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM umerAya to e lekhana vadhAre pratItikara banI rahe che. vadhAre paDatAM pAMDityapracura zabdaprayogo ane kliSTa vAkyaracanA vAMcanArane kaMTALo ApanArAM banI rahe che. TUMkamAM tamAre koI maMtavya vyakta karavuM hoya e spaSTa ane sacoTa bhASAmAM, sAmAnya jananA cittamAM UtarI jAya evI rIte kahevAmAM Ave to e asarakAraka thaI paDe che. vAMcanArAo para asara paDe evuM lekhana karavA icchanAra sAmAnya jJAnathI paripuSTa hovo joIe. dharma, vijJAna, itihAsa, samAjazAstra vagere viSayo evA che ke enA para TIkA-TippaNa karavA icchanAre enA pAyAnA siddhAMtothI vAkephagAra rahevuM joIe. eTale lakhanAra bahuzruta hoya to e sarva sAmAnya jananA manamAM ThasI jAya evuM lekhana karI zake che. dareka patrane enAM potAnAM nIti-niyamo hoya che. taTastha rahIne paNa, pakSApakSIthI para rahIne paNa, ApaNane je vyAjabI lAge e kahevAnI vRtti ApaNAmAM hovI joIe. ema chatAM atyAranA samayamAM ApaNe je kAMI kahIe e ja sAcuM evI jaDatA rAkhavI paNa paravaDe nahIM. eTale ApaNAthI viruddha mata aMge sahiSNutA paNa hovI joIe. taMtrIlekho Aje to patranI nItine spaSTa vAcA ApatA hovA vize paNa kyAreka zaMkA jAgI jAya che. emAM lakhanAranA manobhAvano paDagho ja vizeSa pramANamAM saMbhaLAto jaNAya che. Ama chatAM taMtrIlekho lakhanAra potAnI javAbadArI samaje, samajato rahe to e vAMcanArane mATe rAhabara banI zake che. ApaNA patrakAratvamAM Aje AvA rAhabara banavAnI yogyatA dharAvatA taMtrIlekha lakhanArA keTalA ? evo prazna svAbhAvika rIte ja thAya. agralekhalekhaka anya hoya topaNa prakaTa thayelA agralekha mATenI saMpUrNa javAbadArI to taMtrInI ja lekhAya che ane agralekhalekhakanA lakhANa mATe, kaDaka lakhANa mATe, kyAreka taMtrIo daMDAI paNa jAya che. agAunA samayamAM, ApaNA patromAM agralekho, ane savizeSa javAbadArIbharyA lakhANo moTe bhAge to taMtrIzrI pote ja lakhavAnI javAbadArI adA karatA. "gujarAtI'mAM sva. mu. zrI icchArAma sUryarAma desAInA agralekho, pachIthI sva. zrI maNilAla icchArAma dosAInA agralekho ane e pachI sva. mu.aMbAlAla jAnInA agralekho A rIte noMdhapAtra rahetA. ane emanA agralekhomAM vyakta thayelA vicAronI tamAma sthAne gaMbhIra noMdha levAtI. lokamAnya TiLakanuM 'kesarI' patra bahoLo phelAvo pAmyuM e lokamAnyanAM vicAro-maMtavyo emanA agralekho dvArA vAMcavA-jANavA maLatAM eTalA mATe. lokamAnyane je agralekha mATe AkarI sajA thaI hatI e agralekha lokamAnyano lakhelo na hato. e kALe lokamAnya pravAsamAM hatA ane emanI gerahAjarImAM kAkAsAheba khADilakara agralekho lakhatA. eoe lakhelA

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taMtrIlekho | pa7 eka agralekha mATe lokamAnya para khaTalo cAlyo ne eo sajA pAmI kArAvAsamAM gayA. khaTalo calAvatA nyAyamUrti paNa jANatA hatA ke prastuta agralekha lakhAyo e veLA lokamAnya pravAsamAM hatA ne agralekha kAkAsAhebe lakhyo hato.. lokamAnyane samajAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke tame mAtra eTaluM ja kaho ke tame e lekha lakhAyo tyAre pravAsamAM hatA. eTale ApoApa sAbita thAya ke e agralekha tamAro - lokamAnyano lakhelo nathI. lokamAnya evuM kahe to eo sAme kAma na calAvAya evA saMjogo hatA. paNa lokamAnya evA Adarza patrakAra hatA ke potAnI javAbadArI jatI karavAne eo kyAreya taiyAra na thAya. teoe spaSTa kahyuM : jAhera pravRttine aMge mAre to avAranavAra bahAra javuM paDe. ne mAruM kAma mArA sahakAryakaroe karavuM paDe e saMjogomAM sahakAryakaroe je kaMI karyuM hoya enI saMpUrNa javAbadArI mArI ja hoya ene huM na svIkAruM to mArA sAthIo pratye huM bevaphA nIvaDyo ema kahevAya.' Ama lokamAnya hasate moDhe e lekhanI javAbadArI svIkArIne varSono kArAvAsa bhogavyo. e kArAvAse ApaNane gItA uparanuM eka anokhuM bhASya lokamAnya dvArA sulabha karI ApyuM e jANItI vAta che. agralekha-lekhananI javAbadArI adA karatAM mArA lakhANa mATe amArA taMtrI zrI sorAbajI kApaDiyAne guMDAonA humalAno bhoga thavuM paDyuM hatuM ne ene aMge mane khUba zarama UpajI hatI. vahorAonA sudhAraka vargane sva. sorAbajIno zarUAtathI ja sAtha hato ane eo avAranavAra vaDA mullAMjInA Apakhuda vartana sAme "samAcAramAM jhuMbeza paNa calAvatA. sudhAraka vahorAoe potAnI pariSada bharI dIdhI hatI ne emAM keTalAka sudhArAnA TharAvo karyA hatA. e badhI sAmagrI ApIne zeTha sorAbajIe mane agralekha lakhavAnuM sUcana karyuM ne badhI sAmagrIno abhyAsa karI, eno yathAyogya upayoga karIne, meM agralekha lakhyo : "yugadharmane pichAno, vaDA mullAMjI !' emAM sudhAraka vahorAonI mAgaNIo svIkAravAnI samartha dalIlo karavAmAM AvI hatI. A agralekha pragaTa thayo ane e ja divase hajI huM "samAcAra' kAryAlayamAM pahoMce e pahelAM to Thera Thera "samAcAra'no bahiSkAra karo'nAM posTaro junavANI vahorAo dvArA coMTADAyelAM najare paDyAM ne "samAcAra' kAryAlayathI thoDeka dUra e divasanA samAcAranI hoLI paNa thatI joI. huM mUMgo mUMgo kAryAlayamAM jaIne mArA sthAne besI gayo. zeTha sorAbajI paNa thoDA samaye AvI pahoMcyA. ne eo hajI emanI khurasI para sthAna le e pahelAM to tophAnI vahorAonuM ToLuM kAryAlayamAM dhasI AvyuM. thoDIka Amatema bhAMgaphoDa karI ane ToLAmAMthI thoDAka tophAnIo sorAbajI para dhasI jaIne eone mukkA mAravA

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58 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM lAgyA. sadbhAgye bIjA bhAIo madade AvI pahoMcyA eTale eone jhAjhuM lAgyuM nahIM. vaLI, "samAcAra'nI hoLI thavA mAMDI ne bumarANa macyuM eTale polIsane khabara apAI gaI hatI eTale tophAnI guMDAo jhAjhuM tophAna kare e pahelAM polIsa paNa AvI pahoMcI ne tophAnIone pakaDI gaI. Ano khaTalo cAlyo. mArI paNa jubAnI levAI ne keTalAka tophAnIone sajA paNa thaI. A banAva pachI "mArA lakhANane lIdhe tamAre humalAno bhoga thavuM paDyuM!" ema kahIne zeTha sorAbajI AgaLa mArI dilagIrI vyakta karI, to eoe sAmethI kahyuM ke "mArA kahevAthI tame lekha lakhyo hato. agralekhanI javAbadArI mArI ja eTale emAM tamAre dilagIra thavAnuM kazuM kAraNa nathI." bIjA paNa keTalAka prasaMgo evA jarUra UbhA thayA ke jyAre agralekhamAM vyakta thayelA vicAro aMge koI ekAda vargano roSa jAge ne e roSa sorAbajI zeTha AgaLa vyakta thAya to eo javAbadArI potAne mAthe vahorI laIne roSa vyakta karanArane kyAM to ThaMDA pADI detA athavA sAmo roSa karIne vidAya karI detA. 'vaMdemAtaram'no eka prasaMga noMdhavAnI lAlaca thobhAvI zakato nathI. bhArata je divase prajAsattAka jAhera thayuM e divase zrI sAmaLadAsabhAIe saurASTranuM pradhAnapada choDIne 'vaMdemAtaram'nuM taMtrIpada svIkArI lIdhuM hatuM. dezamAM, kendramAM ne rAjyomAM kaoNMgresanuM zAsana zarU thayuM hatuM. paNa A zAsanano vahIvaTI dora to nokarazAhInA hAthamAM ja hato ne vidhAnasabhAmAM puchAtA praznonA javAbo paNa e nokarazAhI bhASAmAM ja apAtA. eka vAra sAmaLadAsabhAIe mane agralekha lakhavA jaNAvyuM. eo kyAMka rokAyA hatA. meM agralekha lakhyo ne chapAyo paNa kharo. sAMje chApuM nIkaLyuM. sAmAnya rIte chApuM nIkaLe eTale ame sAmaLadAsabhAInA oraDAmAM cA pIvA ekaThA thatA. sAthe mitravartuLamAMnuM paNa koI ne koI hoya. chApuM nIkaLatAM ja pahelAM badhA agralekhanA lakhANathI vAMce ne sAmAnya rIte sAmaLadAsabhAIne moDhe agralekhanA lakhANathI vAtacItanI zarUAta thAya. e divasano agralekha meM lakhelo hato e huM ne sAmaLadAsabhAI ne nIce kaMpojha vibhAga ane pUpharIDaro sivAya koI jANatuM na hatuM. eTale sAmaLadAsabhAIno ja agralekha hoya ema saue enA moM-phATa vakhANa karavA mAMDyAM. koMgresI zAsanavALA eka rAjyamAM dhArAsabhya pUchelA praznanA pradhAnazrI taraphathI uttaranI AkharI praznAvalinA uttaramAM 'hA', 'nA', 'hA', 'nA', 'hA', 'nA' sivAya bIjo eka paNa akSara uccArAyo na hato ! e praznottarI AkheAkhI utArIne meM nIce thoDIka ja evI matalabanI TIkA karI hatI ke ApaNe AjhAda thayA chIe kharA, paNa ApaNe nokarazAhInI gulAmImAMthI hajI mukta thayA nathI ne ApaNA lokapriya pradhAnazrIo paNa A nokarazAhInA

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taMtrIlekho 59 hAthamAM kevA ramI rahyA che e A 'hA', 'nA' sivAya eo pAse prajAne kahevA jevuM kAMI nathI evuM uttara parathI spaSTa thAya che. huM sAmaLadAsabhAInI bAjumAM ja beTho hato. eTale Tebala nIcethI paga aDADIne mane A badhA prasaMzAgAna sAMbhaLavAnI ADakatarI sUcanA sAmaLadAsabhAI ApyA karatA hatA. ThIka ThIka vAra sudhI Ama agralekhanuM prasaMzA pArAyaNa cAlu rahyA pachI sAmaLadAsabhAIe badhAno bhrama bhAMgyo. sAmaLadAsabhAInA dekhatAM mane saue abhinaMdana ApavAM ja paDe evI paristhiti e hatI. agralekhanI mArI paddhati e che ke savAranAM akhabAro AvI jAya eTale sAmAnya rIte mukhya samAcAro vigate vAMcI emAMthI lakhavA jevo viSaya pasaMda karI lauM. judAM judAM akhabAromAM eka ja samAcAra judI-judI vigate AvyA hoya eno abhyAsa karI lauM ane pachI enA para agralekha lakhavAno AraMbha karuM. agralekha lakhI rahyA pachI sAmAnya rIte, eka vAra pharI joI jAuM. jyAre kAryAlayamAM niyamita hAjarI apAtI tyAre prUpha jatI veLA paNa e vadhAre sArI rIte vAMcI levAya. daramyAna chApAMo vadhAre bArIkIthI vAMcI levAya. emAM lakhavA jevA viSayo bharapUra hoya. anukULa samaye thoDA thoDA nAnA nAnA agralekho lakhAtA ja rahe ne e pUraka rUpe mukhya agralekha sAthe mukAtA rahe. kyAreka evuM paNa bane ke cheka chellI ghaDIe koI viziSTa ghaTanA evI bane ke enI agralekha dvArA noMdha levI paDe to ema paNa thaI zake. bIjAM patronA agralekho vagere agralekha lakhatAM pahelAM vAMcavAnI mane Teva nathI. e nirAMte ja vaMcAya. agralekhalekhana aMge vyakti vyaktie nirALI paddhati apanAvAtI hoya che. ene aMge koI niyama dhArAdhoraNa hoI zake nahIM. paNa sAmAnya rIte vAcana ne mananathI vicArone paripuSTa karatAM rahevAthI ane jarUrI saMdarbhe hAthavagA rAkhavAthI agralekhalekhanamAM ThIkaThIka saraLatA AvI rahe che. vicAronI spaSTatA enI rajUAtamAM hoya to agralekhonuM vAcana paNa rasabharyuM bane ne sAthe e mAhitI preraka paNa banI rahe. sacoTa mArgadarzana paNa enuM mukhya lakSaNa hovuM ghaTe, anubhavathI ghaDAtAM ghaDAtAM agralekhanA lekhanamAM paNa svAbhAvikatA AvI rahe ane evI svAbhAvikatA agralekhane suvAcya banAvatI hoI, haMmezAM AvakArapAtra banI rahe che. (mULa lekhano saMkSepa)

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9 vikAsano Alekha vAsudeva mahetA svAtaMtrya pahelAMnuM ane pachInuM gujarAtI patrakAratva evA be khaMDa alaga vicAravA mATe keTalAMka sabaLa kAraNa che. vibhAjananI rekhA 1950mAM mUkIe to enI pUrvenA bhAgane pachInA bhAgathI alaga kare evA traNa muddA che : gujarAtanAM lagabhaga tamAma dainikonA AjanA mAliko 1950 pachI citramAM AvyA che, ane emaNe AjanAM dainikonI duniyAmAM khUba mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che. 1950nI sAthe AvelI bIjI navInatA akhabArI kSetramAM pravezelAM Teknolojikala sAdhanonI che. hAthamudraNa ane phlaeNTa-beDa roTarI mazInono yuga samApta thayo ane mono TAipa tathA ghaNA vadhAre jhaDapI, raMga-beraMgI chApakAma karatA Tyubyulara roTarI mazInono yuga Avyo, jenI sAthe akhabAronAM mUDImALakhAM paNa badalAI gayAM. trIjI ghaTanA lokazAhInA AgamananI che. svarAjya AvavA sAthe kalama paranAM baMdhano gayAM ane lokazAhIne pagale AvelI mukta cUMTaNIothI akhabArono avAja bhAre tathA sattAvAhI banyo. gujarAtI vartamAnapatrono je vikAsa 1950 pachI thayo emAM 1950nI AsapAsa AvelI A traNa navInatAono phALo mahattvano che athavA e navInatAoe je karyuM emAM 1950 pachInA gujarAtI patrakAratvanAM sArAM-narasAM pAsAM AvI jAya che. svAtaMtrya pachI gujarAtI vartamAnapatrono phelAvo eTalo vadhyo che ke, enA AMkaDA trIsa varSa pahelAMnA itihAsakAranI kalpanAmAM paNa AvavA muzkela hota. kalAkanI 40,000- nakalo chApI, pAnAM goThavIne vALIne bahAra pADatAM Tyubyulara roTarI sAme chApAno kaMgALa phelAvo hovAthI e mazInonuM zuM karavuM e prazna 1950mAM hato, jyAre Aje evAM babbe mazIno paNa moTAM dainikonA phelAvAne pahoMcI vaLatAM nathI, ane Aje to mono-TAipa tathA Tyubyulara roTarInA yugamAMthI paNa nIkaLIne gujarAtI dainiko phoTo-kaMpojha ane oNphaseTa prinTiMganA yugamAM pravezI rahyAM che. svAtaMtrya pahelAMnAM vartamAnapatro mAtra cAra, cha ke ATha pAnAMnI dUbaLI kAyAnAM hatAM ane chApAM tarIke mAtra zuSka samAcAra-sUci jevAM hatAM. trIsa varSamAM samAcAra meLavavAnAM sAdhanomAM emaNe bahoLo vadhAro karavA uparAMta lekho ane katAronI mabalakha sAmagrI bharI che. moTAM dainikomAM 30 thI 40 vibhAgo aThavADiyAmAM Ave

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vikAsano Alekha | 11 to jevuMtevuM vaividhya na kahevAya. dainike na jhaDapI hoya evI pravRtti zodhavI muzkela che. jUnAM dainikomAM zuSka viSayasUcine paNa avyavasthita ane kadarUpI rIte goThavI. devAmAM AvatI. Aje dainikonAM pAnAMnI sajAvaTane kalAtmaka banAvavAmAM satata cIvaTa rAkhavAmAM Ave che. sAmagrImAM tathA sajAvaTamAM jarAya zuSkatA na Ave enI khabaradArImAM taMtrIo ane upa-taMtrIonI UMgha harAma thaI jAya che. . . gujarAtanI prajAnA jIvanamAM A akhabAronuM mahattva keTaluM ? enuM mApa kADhavA mATe lokonI sAmAnya jAgRtinI tapAsa karatAM jaNAze ke duniyA, deza ane khAsa karIne gujarAtanI moTI moTI navAjUnI kacchathI valasADa sudhInAM gAmo sudhI pahoMcI jAya che. nAnakaDI hoTelo, bajAro ane cauTAmAM besatA sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya loko aneka ghaTanAothI ThIkaThIka vAkepha hoya che ane TIkA-TippaNa paNa sAruM karI zake che. yuddha ane relasaMkaTa tathA bIjI rASTrIya ApattionA samAcAra gAmegAma phelAvavAno yaza reDiyo ke aMgrejI chApAMone nahIM paNa gujarAtI vartamAnapatrone jAya che. gujarAtanAM vartamAnapatro tathA patrakAratvanuM A jamA pAsuM sadhdhara gaNAya. paraMtu RNa pAsuMya khAsuM bhAre ane duHkhada che. vikAsa thayo che paraMtu gati ane dizAmAM garabaDa che. zrI yAsIna dalAle gujarAtI dainiko ane sAptAhikonA vecANanA ApelA AMkaDA prabhAvazALI che, paraMtu sApekSa citra juduM che. gujarAtanI kula vastInA mAtra traNa TakA jeTalA ja loko gujarAtI dainiko kharIda kare che. eka nakala sarerAza pAMca vyaktio vAMce ema mAnIe to vAcakonI TakAvArI paMdara TakAthI vadhatI nathI. vastInA 85 TakAne jenI jarUra lAgatI nathI ane jenI paDI nathI e pravRtti vepAra hoya ke sevA hoya paNa teNe saMtoSa ke abhimAna levA jevuM zuM? je nAnakaDo saMskArI varga chApAM niyamita vAMce che e paNa vartamAnapatrane potAnuM gaNIne AtmIyatA, Adara ke premathI, joto nathI. vartamAnapatranI aneka UNapo joIne asaMtoSathI pIDAya che. samAcAromAM paNa cokasAIno abhAva, vigatonI bheLaseLa vagerenI zaMkA hovAthI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vAMce che. chApAM sAthe emano saMbaMdha samAcAra ane mukhyatve manoraMjana pUrato hoya che. taMtrIonA abhiprAyo, zikhAmaNo ane mArgadarzananI vAcakone kazI paDI nathI. akhabArane samAcAra khAtara rojiMdI jarUrI cIja tarIke le che, paNa enAthI vAcakono sAmAnya thara khuza ke prabhAvita thato nathI. gujarAtI vartamAnapatrono vikAsa ekadaMDiyA ke bahumALI imAratanA jevo che.

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62 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM sAmUhika prasAraNanA pradhAna sAdhanane chAje evo eno pAyo lAMbo-coDo nathI. phelAvAnA AMkaDA trIsa varSamAM daseka gaNA vadhyA che, paraMtu vAcakonAM Adara, saMtoSa ke vizvasanIyatAmAM moTuM gAbaDuM che. taMtrIlekho koI vAMcatuM nathI ane e TUMkA ne TUMkA banatA jAya che kAraNa ke vAcako ene nirupayogI gaNIne enA para najara paNa pheravatA nathI. ( patrakAratva ane sAhityanI bhAgIdArInI mImAMsA jarUrI che. gujarAtI patromAM jAherakhabaro tathA samAcAro pachI trIjo bhAga prakIrNa sAmagrIno che, jemAM vividha viSayone lagatA vibhAgo ke katAro, TUMkI temaja lAMbI vArtAo, citrakathA, kAvyo, prAsaMgika mahattvanA lekho tathA mArmika nibaMdhono samAveza thAya che. akhabAranA nimitte ja A sAmagrI ApavAmAM Ave che, ane emAM sAhityakAra mitrono phALo bahu moTo che. paraMtu sAhityakAra chApAmAM lakhavA chatAM sAhityakAra ja rahe che ane patrakAra enA vyavasAyamAM game teTalI kalama calAve topaNa e patrakAra ja rahe che. ( patrakAratva ane sAhityanA uddezo, sAdhano ane upayogo judAM judAM che. DaoNkTara ke ijanera ke zikSakanI jema patrakAra paNa zuddha sAhityanuM sarjana karI zake, ane sAhityakAra vartamAnapatramAM phALo ApI zake ke vyavasAyI patrakAra paNa banI zake. e rIte emanI sarahado khullI che, paraMtu astitva alaga-alaga che e bhUlavuM na joIe. patrakAra ane sAhityakAra lAMbI majalanA sahapAnthI che, paNa emanI maMjhilo judI judI che. | gujarAtI sAhityakAroe vartamAnapatromAM ghaNo phALo Apyo che, paNa patrakAratvanI sevA nathI karI; UlaTuM, vartamAnapatromAMthI sArA pramANamAM kheMcyuM che. bhaNelAnuM pramANa gujarAtamAM mAtra paMcAvana TakA che. sAhityakAro tathA patrakAroe eTalAmAM ja ramavAnuM che. papa TakAmAM keTalAkanA gharanA hisAbamAM pustaka-chApAM mATe jogavAI nahIM hoya, keTalAkane rasa nahIM hoya ane keTalAkanuM bhaNatara kAcuM hovAthI pustaka-chApAM dUra rahetAM haze. bAdabAkImAM ghaNo ocho samUha rahe. A sthiti chApAM temaja sAhityane ekasarakhI naDe che. chatAM nirakSaratA jhaDapathI ochI karIne vAcana-zokha vadhAravAmAM sAhityakArone rasa ja nathI. nirakSaratAnivAraNa jhuMbeza mATe sarakAra paisA Ape chatAM emAM sAhitya pariSadanuM nAma nahIM ! patrakAra ane sAhityakAra, jugha ke eka evI mAthAjhIMka, arthahIna che. sAhityakAroe gujarAtI vartamAnapatro mATe karavA mAM kAmono khaDakalo vadhato jAya che. amAruM mukhya ojAra bhASA sAva ghasAI gayuM 6 varNana, vivaraNa, Alekhana tathA

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vikAsano Alekha | u3 Urmi-vahana mATe AjanI bhASAmAM kazuM sattva rahyuM nathI; atizaya vaparAzathI kUco thaI gaI che; eno vAka cAlyo gayo che. satata doDatI duniyAne chApAMmAM utAravA mATe zabdonI TaMkazALanI jarU2 traNa dAyakAthI UbhI thaI che, vartamAnapatrone navA zabdo, navA alaMkAro, navI zailIo ane navA bhASAprayogo pUrA pADavAne badale dAritrya veThatAM chApAMmAMthI sAhitya pote uThAve che.' gujarAtI vartamAnapatromAM bhASAnI kaTokaTI cAle che. patrakAro haMmeza utAvaLamAM hovAthI je tatkAla maLe e vAparI le che. navA zabdo, vAkyaracanA, zailInA prayogo mATe emane jarAya avakAza nathI. chatAM navA zabdonI tAtI jarUra chApAM mATe paDyA ja kare che. chApAM temaja sAhityane kharekhara lokabhogya banAvavA mATe je bhagIratha kArya karavAnuM che e nathI chApAM karatAM, ke nathI sAhityakAro karatA. chApAMne mATe atyAranI gujarAtI lipi paNa kAyamanI rahI nathI. aMgrejI mudraNamAM eTalI krAMti thaI che ke, chApAmAM aMgrejI akSaro jeTalI jagyA (kolama x senTi.)mAM samAya che enAthI trIjA bhAganA paNa gujarAtI zabdo teTalI jagyAmAM samAI zakatA nathI; ane vadhArAmAM e yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke Adhunika aMgrejI khUba arthaghana che, jethI eno lAbha bevaDo che. navA maroDa ane saraLa chatAM arthaghana bhASA sAhityakAro meLavI Ape to ja gujarAtI chApAM sAmUhika mAdhyama tarIke yathArtha Thare. gujarAtamAM saraLa bhASAvALAM, sastAmAM sastA tathA rAjakAraNa uparAMta bIjI pravRttionuM nagna nahIM paNa vivekabharyuM vAstavika pratibiMba pADatAM chApAMnI jarUra cokhkhA pANInA jeTalI ja che. zrI cImanabhAI paTele (saMdeza) akhabAronI mAlikInA praznanI chaNAvaTa karIne TrasTIzIpanuM svarUpa vadhumAM vadhu yogya lekhyuM. je mAlikI gujarAtanA chApAne upara mujaba banAvIne calAve e game e prakAranI hoya e sAme amane vAMdho nathI. jo eo TrasTIzIpa jevA Adarzane chApAnA cokaThAmAM goThavI zake to amane e UlaTAnA AvakArya banaze, kAraNa ke chApuM have udyoga hovAthI emanI vahIvaTI zaktinI paNa amane ghaNI jarUra che.

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64 | gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM vartamAnapatramAM prasiddha thatuM ghaNuM lakhANa alpajIvI hoya che e kharuM che, koI paMDito e lakhANane chApALavuM kahe enIya phikara karavAnI jarUra nathI, paraMtu sAhityanA judA judA vAtAgama vibhAgo (vaoNTara-TAiTa kampArTamenTsa) janmAvIne koIne kahevAno, dalIlabAjI karavAno, patrakAra UMco ke sAhityakAra ? patrakAramAM dainikakAra mahAna ke mAsikakAra ? sAhityamAM gadyalekhaka mahAna ke padyalekhaka ? gadyalekhakamAM maulika sarjanakAra mahAna ke vivecaka ? padyalekhakamAM arthaghana ageya kavitAlekhaka kavi kahevAya ke sarala gadya kavitA lakhanAra ? - evI evI carcA karavAno kAMI artha hoya topaNa eno aMta Ave ema nathI. dareka kSetramAM pratibhAne avakAza che. pratibhA nirjIva vastune sajIva banAvI zake che. ciraMjIvI sAhityano lekhaka eka graMthakAra ane vartamAnapatrono tejasvI saMpAdaka e beunI tulanA karo, ane jo beunI pratibhAne toLI zakAtI hoya to beunuM vajana jarUra sarakhuM thaze. patrakAratva sAhityakAratva karatAM UtaratuM ja lekhAya ema sAhityano pakSapAtI kahe ane vartamAnapatrano pakSapAtI sAhityane UtaratuM kahIne sauthI pahelo kApa graMthavivecananA ja pAnA upara mUke, tethI kAMI beunI pratibhAnAM sAcAM mUlya aMkAI jatAM nathI. patrakAratva sAhityakAratva jeTaluM vRddha thayuM nathI. paraMtu jyAre bhAvi itihAsakAra e beunI niSpatti pAchaLa rahelI pratibhAno tulanAtmaka itihAsa lakhaze, tyAre e jarUra nyAya toLaze ke eka sAcA sAhityakAra jeTalo ja mahAna eka sAco patrakAra che ane sAhityavivecana tathA vRttavivecana baMne joDiyA bhAI che. - cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA caudamA adhivezananA patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukha tarIke ApelA vaktavyamAMthI)

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patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa

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zrI kirITa bhaTTa zrI bhagavatIkumAra zarmA zrI caMdrakAnta mahetA zrI cImanabhAI paTela zrI IzvarabhAI je. paMcolI patrakAranI kriyAzIlatA patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA patrakArano lokaprabhAva patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa prabaLa racanAtmaka zakti

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patrakAranI kriyAzIlatA kirITa bhaTTa vAtanI zarUAta karuM e pahelAM ja gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada ane narvagujarAta kaoNleja oNpha jarnAlijhame saMyukta rIte ghaNA vakhate sAhityanA patrakAratva paDakhAne yAda karIne AvuM sarvAgI carcAsatra yojyuM eTale abhinaMdana ApavAnuM saheje mana thAya che. AvuM kAMI na thAya to patrakAroya sAhitya sAtheno potAno nAto avibhAjya che e vAta vIsarI jAya ane vadhu ne vadhu dhaMdhArthI thatA jatA patrakAratvamAM rahIsahI sarjanAtmakatA, pAMkhI mUlya-parastI ane nahIMvat hetulakSitA buThThI thaI javAno bhaya rahe che. vadhAre bhAra daIne eTaluM kahevAnuM mana thAya che ke A parisaMvAdanA prayojakoe kevaLa gujarAtI ja nahIM, paraMtu aMgrejI vRtta-vyavasAyamAM paDelA gujarAtIbhASIneya yAda karIne A kAryakramamAM joDAvAnI khevanA rAkhI eTale UMDI prasannatAno anubhava thayo. bAkI zrI jhaveracaMda meghANI ane zrI kRSNalAla zrIdharANI jevA gujarAtIaMgrejI patrakAro-sarjakono yuga yAda karIe to gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA adhivezanomAM zrI somAlAla zAha, zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLa, zrI kanu desAI, zrI omakAranAtha paMDita sudhInA kalAsarjakoya anAyAsa A saMkulano eka bhAga ja hatA. ' - have to gatividhi e sthitie AvIne UbhI che ke gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM vRttAMtanivedana paNa lokahRdaya sudhI pahoMcADavAnI potAnI javAbadArI che, eTalI samaja paNa moTA bhAganAM chApAMoe gumAvI dIdhI che. eTale A be mahattvanAM sarjaka aMgo - sAhitya ane patrakAratva - jANe parasparathI aLagAM thaI gayAM che. AjanA prayAsathI baMne joDavAnI prakriyA zarU thAya to e pagaluM satkArya banaze e niHzaMka che. have sIdho mArI vAta para AvuM. huM patrakAratvanA vyavasAyamAM mukhyatve quiAnidakanI kkAmagIrI bajAvuM chuM. sarakArI kAyamI nokarI mUkIne A vyavasAyamAM prompo tyAre pradhA-pANI evA khyAlathI ja Avelo ke huM pote have vizeSa mUlyaparasta

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18 | patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa ane hetulakSI kSetramAM paga mUkI rahyo chuM. poNA be dAyakAnA patrakAratvanA anubhava pachI Aje huM bephikarapaNe evuM kahevAnI sthitimAM nathI ke mArI kalpanA ane hakIkatane nikaTano saMbaMdha che ja. kriyAzIla patrakAra-ActiveJournalist-nuM pAyAnuM kAma satyanI zodha karIne ene ughADuM pADavAnuM che, ema huM samajuM chuM. Ajano patrakAra A kAma mahad aMze karato nathI, kAM e karI zakato nathI ke pachI je paribaLo vacce e gherAyelo che e A kArya ene karavA detAM nathI. enuM kAraNa zuM? kAraNa eTaluM ja ke patrakAre satya zodhIne enA AkharI mAlika-vAcaka-samAja ke rASTra samakSa e arpaNa karavAnuM che. A vAta e bhUlI gayo che. kadAca Aje ene enI khabara ja rahI nathI. nathI ene satyanI khabara ke nathI eno mAlika koNa che enI khabara. e Aje kone potAno mAlika samajI rahyo che ? kAM to chApuM calAvatI peDhI ke kaMpanInA mAlikane. kAM to chApAnA Arthika pAsAne sabhara rAkhatA staMbho jevA ke vijJApanadAtAo ke sarakArane e potAnA mAliko samaje che. Ama na hoya tyAM e potAnuM dizAbhAna khoIne, AdarzanI bhrAMtimAM nAMkhanArA koI rAjakIya ke sattAkhoranA irAdA poSavAnuM sAdhana banIne koIka adazya mAlikanI sevAmAM racyopacyo rahe che, pariNAme bahujanasamAja - je satyazodhaka patrakArano mULa mAlika che - ene e - potAnuM kartavya karatI vakhate madhenajara rAkhato nathI. ane eTale ja satya zodhavAnuM potAnuM mULa kArya che ema yAda rAkhavAnI ane jarUra lAgatI nathI. Ama dizAzruta thayelo Ajano patrakAra enAthI jojano dUra pheMkAI gayo che. A patrakAra kAryazIla rahe nahIM e khAsa jovA upara jaNAvelAM paribaLo satata sakriya rahe che. banI beThelA mAlikono mULa hetu satyasphoTana nathI, paNa svArthasiddhi che. patrakArane A vAtanI sarata rahI nathI. eTale abhAnapaNe AbhAsI mAlikonA RNamAM rahIne e akriyAzIla' patrakAratvamAM AvI rahyo che. eTale, satya zuM? konuM satya ? konI AMkhe joyeluM satya ? kone khAtara zodheluM satya ? ane enuM patrakAranA hetulakSI ane mUlyaparasta jIvanamAM sthAna zuM? A badhA

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patrakAranI kriyAzIlatA U 19 prazno saMdarbha vagaranA thaI gayA che. potAnuM pAyAnuM kAma satya jovAnuM ne dekhADavAnuM che, e patrakAra joto ja nathI. eTale dekhADavAno prazna upasthita thato ja nathI. Ama Aje patrakAra patrakAra tarIke jIvato nathI. e mAtra dabANo, lAcArI ke pralobhano vacce nirAMte jIvavA TevAI gayo che - moTe bhAge e patrakAra tarIke marI cUkyo che. AjanI amArI A dazA zrI hasamukha pAThakanI mRtyu' zIrSakadhArI eka kavitAmAM AbAda phuTa thaI che : "cokanI vacce paDelA eka uMdaranA marelA deha para tiNA ujharaDA nahoranA A ja ThaMDA pahoranA huM jouM chuM huM jouM chuM huM jouM paNa huM joto nathI. mArI najara to sAva khAlI AMkha mArI kAcano kaTako mArA hRdayanA kyAMya nA khaTako joyA chatAM huM kALaje kaMpe nahIM. basa karuM jaMpuM ahIM." Ama patrakAra tarIke nahIM jIvatA patrakAranA jIvanamAM avarodho ke paDakAranoya avakAza nathI. vividha prakAranAM sthApita hirtAnI pakaDamAM ne enA rAjakAraNamAM aTavAI rahevAnuM ke emAMthI potAnI aMgata mahattvAkAMkSAnI roTalI zekatA rahevA

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70 | patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa sivAya emAM kriyAzIla patrakAranI hastI hoya evuM mane lAgatuM nathI. kriyAzIla azvo traNa prakAranA hoya che. eka cAbuka mAratAM ja kUdako mArI bhAge che. bIjo mAtra cAbukanA vIMjhAvAthI doDato thaI jAya che, jyAre trIjo to cAbuka paDelo joIne satata bhAgato ja rahe che. AjanA patrakAranI hetuvihoNI doDakriyAzIlatA' trIjA prakAranI che evuM jaNAvatAM rudhira vahetA ghAva samI vedanA anubhavI zakuM chuM. A badhI cUDa-baMdhanomAMthI patrakArane bahAra kADhavA - hetulakSI AdarzanI keDI upara ene mUkavA, prathama kriyAzIla patrakAratvanA ane pachI mukta patrakAratvanA enA kartavyanI sabhAnatA lAvavA - ene mukta karavo paDaze. A dIkSA devA vyavahAru ne vAstavikatAparasta zANapaNa ke rAjakAraNanI pakaDamAMthI paNa ene bahAra lAvavo paDaze. A mATe patrakAre bhoga paNa Apavo paDaze. koI jAtanA Adarza vinAnI kevaLa "khissA bharavAno hetu dhAraNa karI, AgevAna thaIne cAlatI mAlikonI peDhIne nirmaLa karavI paDaze, jarUra paDe to lohI reDavuM paDaze. paraspara mATe samarpaNa ne tyAganI tamannA keLavavI paDaze. daMbhanI duniyAmAMthI poSIne keLavelA ahamane ogALavo paDaze. A to zarUAtano mAtra pUrva bhAga ja haze. majala to ghaNI ghaNI lAMbI che. akhabArI jagatamAM be pAtro mahattvanAM kAma bajAve che ane bajAvI zakaze ane moTe bhAge e lokone atre carcita avarodhaka paribaLono sAmano kadAca sIdho karavo paDato nathI. A be mahattvanAM aMgo che : hyumarisTo - haLavI hAsyakaTAra - lekhako ane kaTAkSacitrakAro - kArTUnisTo. vadhu carcA karyA vagara emane mATe rahelA mokaLA medAnanI IrSyAjanaka upayogitAno upayoga eo karatA rahe eTaluM ja.

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11 patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA - bhagavatIkumAra zarmA sAMskRtika sajjatA e manuSyano ja kahI zakAya evo vizeSAdhikAra che. sAMskRtika sajjatA e jeTalI mANasanI bhItara vasI zakanArI cIja che teTalI enA bAhya parivezamAM hotI nathI. e enA Beingno eka avicchedya aMza hoya athavA na hoya. e enAM bhapakAdAra vastro nathI, vastronI nIce DhaMkAyelI suMvALI ke barachaTa tvacA paNa nathI; e to tvacAnI heThaLa vahetuM lohI che. bAhya dRSTie asaMskArI lAgato mANasa paNa bhItaramAM sAMskRtika sajjatA dharAvato hoya ema bane. e vinA saMtasAhitya ane lokakalAonuM ATaluM moTuM akSayapAtra ApaNane upalabdha na thayuM hota. sAMskRtika sajjatAnI paNa mahattvanI zarato hovAnuM mane samajAya che : (1) sahRdayatA (2) vicArazIlatA ane (3) svAtaMtryaprIti. AmAM pAyAno guNa che sahRdayatA, samabhAva. 'mitraca vakSuSA samIkSAmade' e ApaNuM ciraparicita sUtra che. sahRdayatAno guNa keLavavAmAM e mahattvanuM dizAsUcana karI zake ema che. sahRdayatA keLavAya che aMtargata RjutAmAMthI, sUkSma saMvedanazIlatAmAMthI, satata jAgrata rahetA nitAMta mAnavIya dRSTikoNamAMthI, vizALa ane udAra pariprekSyanA sevanamAMthI tathA harahaMmeza tatpara evI samajadArIthI. A badhA guNo saMgIna vaicArika bhUmikA vaDe pirapoSa pAmatA rahe che. vaicArika sajjatA mATe vizALa ane UMDANayukta vAcana Avazyaka che. mane lAgyuM che, ke patrakAratvamAM je jhaDapa, tAtkAlikatA temaja Instant valaNo bAMdhavAnI tathA tatkSaNa abhiprAyo ApavAnI je AvazyakatA che ene kAraNe kyAreka koIka koIka patrakAranI vicArazakti maryAdita thaI javAno, sahradayatAmAM vikSepa paDavAno ane enI sAMskRtika sajjatA UNI UtaravAno bhaya rahe che. vRttAMtanivedana, vRtta-varaNI, vRtta-sajAvaTa vagere kAmagIrI bajAvatA patrakAro mATe jhaDapa, tAtkAlikatA vagere atyaMta Avazyaka paNa che, paraMtu jeone vicArapUta abhiprAyadarzana tathA samIkSAnuM kArya karavAnuM hoya eo paNa haMmezAM tAtkAlikatAne vaza vartIne ja kAmagIrI bajAve to enAM iSTa pariNAmo na paNa Ave. patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA mATe bIjo Avazyaka guNa e enI svAtaMtryaprIti. e potAnA svAtaMtryanI rakSA ane abhivyakti mATe to kaTibaddha hoya ja, , e sAthe ene anyonA svAtaMtryanA jatanano ye-evo ja umaLako hoya. ema thavAthI

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72 patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa enI patrakAracaryAmAM nirbhIkatAnI sAthe taTasthatA, samatulA ane vidhAyakatA siddha thavAnI subhaga zakyatA rahe. patrakAranI sAMskRtika carcA prajAjIvananI sUkSma saMpattine sparzatI hovAthI teNe potAnI e pravRtti paratve savizeSa sAvadhAna ane susajja rahevuM joIe e svAbhAvika paraMtu patrakAranI imeja tathA ene viSenA khyAlo saMbaMdhe AnAthI kaMIka judI ja paristhiti pravartatI hovAno khyAla Ave che. patrakAra eTale spaSTavaktA, kaTubhASI, jenI ne tenI TIkA karanAro, vAMkadekho, khaNakhodiyo, niMdArasanuM parokSa-aparokSa poSaNa karanAro, utAvaLiyA ane baddha abhiprAyo ApanAro, potAne sarvajJa mAnanAro, potAne vaLatI TIkAthI para mAnanAro, asahiSNu evI tene viSenI chApa kyAMka kyAMka pravarte che. A chApa saMpUrNataH sAcI nathI tema cheka khoTI che ema kahevuMye muzkela che. A chApAmAMnA je taththAtmaka aMzo che e patrakArane kyAreka pUrNapaNe sahRdaya, vicArazIla ane svAtaMtryapremI banAvavAmAM vijJakAra nIvaDe che jethI enI sAMskRtika sajjatAmAM ochapa anubhavAya che. dainika patrakAratvanI sAthe je jhaDapa, utAvaLa, tatkALa abhiprAya Apavo, UMDANamAM UtaravAnI zakyatAnI UNapa, ene kAraNe evI vRttino kramazaH hrAsa thavo, akhabAra jevuM sabaLa sAdhana potAnI pAse hovAnI sabhAnatAmAMthI janmatAM cokkasa prakAranAM vRtti-valaNo, sarvajJatAnA kyAreka kyAMka karAtA dAvA, zaikSaNika lAyakAtanI anivAryatAno abhAva, Specialisation vikasAvavA mATenI sAnukULatA, suvidhA tathA vRttinI gerahAjarI, vadhAre paDato rUTInI kAryaboja, A badhAM kAraNone lIdhe ApaNA patrakAra mATe sAMskRtika sajjatA keLavavA-TakAvavA-saMmArjita karavAnuM muzkela bane che ne e paristhiti enI sahRdayatA tathA vicArazIlatAne kuMThita karanArI nIvaDe che. eno artha e nathI ke patrakAre koInI ke kazAnI TIkA na karavAnI hoya ane badhuM sukhuM sukhuM ja kahevA-lakhavAnuM hoya, paNa enI pAse eTalI to apekSA rahe ke e je kAMI lakhe emAM enI vicAra-saMpatti, jJAna, niSThA ane AtmapratItino raNako hoya; emAM doSadRSTi, pUrvagraha, abhigraha, aMgata gamA-aNagamA, koIne UMce caDhAvavAnI ne koIne utArI pADavAnI vRtti na ja hoya; emAM enI mAhitInI parimitatA ke satyanI vikRti paNa na hoya. e je kAMI kahe-lakhe e spaSTapaNe chatAM sahRdayatAnA taMtune gumAvyA vinA, dilacorI rAkhyA vinA, aMtimavAdI ne khaMDanAtmaka banyA vinA, sAmAnA dRSTikoNane samajavAnI khevanA rAkhIne kahe-lakhe to enA lekhanamAM, abhiprAyadarzanamAM saccAI, niSThA ane vidhAyakatA Ave ane emAM enI sAMskRtika sajjatA pratibiMbita thAya.

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patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA [ 73 AvI sAMskRtika sajjatA jema enA bhItarI vikAsa-jatana-saMpoSaNamAMthI baMdhAya ema bauddhika abhigama, vizALa vAcana, vicAronA AdAnapradAna ityAdimAMthI paNa ghaDAtI rahe ane jo e A AvazyakatAo prati sajAga rahe to ene saMtoSavA mATenuM valaNa enAmAM vikasatuM rahe che ati pratikULa saMjogomAMye bAhya sajjatA zodhavA prayatnazIla rahe. ApaNuM moTuM durbhAgya che ke gujarAtI dainika patrakAratvamAM AvI AMtarabAhya sAMskRtika sajjatA dharAvatA patrakAro ghaNA ochA che ne je che eone e sajjatAmAMthI AviSkata thatI emanI zaktine lekhe lagADavA mATeno paryApta avakAza ApaNuM patrakAratva haju sudhI pUro pADI zakyuM nathI. vastuta: ApaNuM sAMprata dainika patrakAratva ghaNe badhe aMze sAMskRtika sajjatAnI ane enI abhivyaktinA avakAzanI daridratAthI pIDAya che. ApaNA patrakAratva para rAjakAraNa, sanasanATI-rasikatA, lokabhogyatAne ja najara samakSa rAkhavAnuM valaNa, naryo dhaMdhAdArI abhigama, vyApArI gaNatarIo temaja moTA bhAganA patrakAronI vyaktigata asajjatAnuM evuM bhAre vajana khaDakAyuM che ke A badhAM kAraNone lIdhe patronI ane patrakAronI sAMskRtika sajjatAne aMkurAvAnI zakyatA ghaNI ochI rahevA pAmI che. Aje ApaNuM patrakAratva sAdhanasaMpannatA, phelAvo, vAcakonI dilacaspI vagere saMbaMdhamAM ghaNuM samRddha banyuM hovA chatAM enI sAMskRtika sajjatAne saMbaMdha che tyAM sudhI e keTalAka dAyakAo pahelAM hatuM enAthI khAsa AgaLa vadhyuM hoya ema lAgatuM nathI - balake keTaleka aMze to teNe pIchehaTha karI hoya evo vahema paDe che. alabatta, AmAM sAMprata yaMtrayugaprerita dezakALe prajAsamUhanA valaNamAM sarjelAM AmUla parivartanoe ghaNo bhAga bhajavyo che. AjanA "jeTayugamAM jyAre samasta prajAjIvana ja uparachalluM, utAvaLiyuM, adhIriyuM, sapATIpriya, sapATa, svakIya mudrA vinAnuM banyuM jatuM hoya tyAre prajAjIvananA ja eka aMzarUpa patrakAratva enA prabhAvathI alipta rahI zake evI apekSA vadhAre paDatI che, paraMtu patrakAratva prajAne doravaNI Ape, khAsa karIne lokahRdayanI cetanAne e dIptimaMta rAkhe evI jo ApaNI abhilASA hoya to upara kahyA e viparIta prabhAvamAMthI paMDane zakya eTaluM bacAvavA teNe prayatnazIla rahevuM joIe. ApaNuM patrakAratva Aje evo puruSArtha karI rahyuM che kharuM ? javAba ekaMdare nakAramAM Apavo paDe evI sthiti che. thoDAMka udAharaNothI mArI vAta spaSTa karavAno prayatna karuM chuM : Aje gujarAtamAM saMkhyAbaMdha gujarAtI calacitro sarjAya che. kalAdRSTie emAMnI ghaNIkharI philmo sAva nikRSTa koTinI hoya che, chatAM e philmoe eka bahoLo prekSaka varga taiyAra karyo che. A citro keTalAM kharAba che athavA emAMnuM koIka

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74 ] patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa citra kaMIka sAruM che ke nahIM e jANavA mATe prekSakone koI gujarAtI akhabAra pAse to ThIka, gujarAtI philmaviSayeka sAptAhika pAse paNa nahIM, paraMtu amadAvAdamAMthI pragaTa thatA eka aMgrejI akhabAra pAse javuM paDe evI sthiti che ! e akhabAra ati sAmAnya gujarAtI citranI samIkSA paNa dhArmika niyamitatAthI pragaTa kare che e mATe eno AbhAra mAnIe, paraMtu je varga gujarAtI citro jue che e A aMgrejI akhabAra sudhI pahoMcI zakato nathI ! bIjuM eka udAharaNa laIe. gujarAtamAM 'AkAzavANI'nAM traNa kendro che : amadAvAda-vaDodarA, rAjakoTa ane bhUja. ane have sUrata, godharA, AhavA ane damaNanAM epha. ema. eNnDa kendro. A uparAMta muMbaI kendranA gujarAtI kAryakramo paNa gujarAtamAM sAMbhaLI zakAya che. A kendronA kAryakramonI samIkSA pragaTa karavAnuM kartavya muMbaInA gujarAtI akhabAro to nibhAve che, paraMtu gujarAtamAMthI pragaTa thatAM gujarAtI akhabAro, mAtra eka apavAdane bAda karatAM, 'AkAzavANI'nAM A kendronI pravRttionI sadaMtara upekSA ja kare che ! je kAryakramo lekhAM loko sAMbhaLe che enA sArA-narasA aMzonI samIkSA karI Listners' interestne saMkoravAnI tathA e kAryakramonI kakSA viSe racanAtmaka sUcano karavAnI akhabAronI pharaja na gaNAya zuM? ema to gujarAtamAM pIjanuM Telivijhana kendra paNa che, jenuM kAmakAja amadAvAdamAM cAle che, paraMtu e kendranA kAryakramo viSe, enI kakSA viSe, meM kyAreya gujarAtanA koI akhabAramAM kAMI vAMcyuM hoya ema yAda nathI. have to thoDAka samayamAM amadAvAdane pUrNa darajjAnuM TI.vI. kendra paNa maLanAra che. e kendranI kAmagIrInIye zuM ApaNAM vRttapatro A ja rIte upekSA karaze ? chellAM dasa varSamAM dezabharamAM Telivijhanacenalono ane emAM lokonA rasano behada vistAra thayo che. akhabAromAM ene vize aDhaLaka sAmagrI chapAya che, paNa eno hetu sAMskRtika nathI. gaoNsipa-lekhanano vizeSa AkAzavANI'nA dilhI kendra parathI gujarAtI bhASAmAM vaMcAtA samAcAronI bhASA, uccAra, svarabhAra vagerenA stara viSe ApaNAM vartamAnapatroe kyAreya ciMtA vyakta karI che kharI ? thoDAka samaya pahelAM dvArikAmAMthI eka AkhuM purAtana maMdira utpanana dvArA zodhI kADhavAnI virala kAmagIrI rAjyanA purAtattva khAtAe bajAvI hatI, paraMtu e ghaTanAne lagato prathama vigatavAra sacitra ahevAla koI gujarAtI patre nahIM paNa amadAvAdamAMthI pragaTa thatA eka aMgrejIbhASI akhabAre Apyo hato enIye du:kha sahita noMdha levI rahI.

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patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA 75 sarjanAtmaka sAhityalekhana, pustakasamIkSA, sAhityika kAryakramo ityAdine paNa gujarAtanAM vartamAnapatro pUratuM ane yogya sthAna Ape che ema kahevuM muzkela che. phAdhara vAlesa jevA eka videzI vidvAnane ApaNI gujarAtI bhASAmAM lekhanakArya badala gujarAtanuM zreSTha sAhityika bahumAna 'raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka' maLe e virala ne subhaga ghaTanAnuM samAcAramUlya sudhdhAM gujarAtanAM moTA bhAganAM akhabAro mATe eka phakarA jeTaluM ja vartAya e duHkhada nahIM to bIjuM zuM ? gujarAtanA kadAca eka ja akhabAre A prasaMgane taMtrIlekha dvArA mUlavavAnI garimA dAkhavI hatI. mahArASTra, baMgALa ke hindIbhASI pradezamAM AvI ghaTanA banI hota to ? A bAbatamAM muMbaImAMthI pragaTa thatAM gujarAtI akhabAro sukhada apavAdarUpa che. harIndra dave jevA eka uttama kavi, navalakathAkAra ane patrakAranA nidhananI ghaTanAne je rIte gujarAtanAM be mukhya dainikoe mUlavI hatI - kavara karI hatI e ApaNA patrakAratvanI sAMskRtika daridratAnuM ghotaka che. varSo pahelAM urdUnA A sadInA eka mahAna kavi 'jigara' murAdAbAdInuM avasAna thayeluM tyAre ene viSe gujarAtanA mAtra eka vartamAnapatre taMtrIlekha lakhavA jeTalI sUjha dAkhavelI e joIne sva. cunIlAla maDiyA ApharIna thaI gayelA. e ja maDiyAnuM amadAvAdamAM relave TrenamAM Akasmika AghAtajanaka avasAna thayuM tyAre gujarAtanAM akhabAroe, eka-be apavAdone bAda karatAM, e akhabArane mAtra eka phakarAmAM samAvI dIdhelo ! maDiyA kyAM koI rAjakAraNI ke udyogapati ke philmasTAra ke krikeTara hatA ? aMgrejI vartamAnapatronI sAptAhika AvRttiomAM eka AkhuM pAnuM bharIne khIcokhIca pustaka-samIkSAo acUka rIte pragaTa thAya che, paraMtu alpa apavAdo sivAya, gujarAtI akhabAro pustaka-samIkSAne sAvakA saMtAna jevuM sthAna Ape che. gujarAtI patro ATaATalI pUrtio pragaTa kare che, paNa emAM sarjAtA sAhityanA aMkuro jovA maLe che kharA ? bhAgye ja koI patra saptAhe eka kavitA ke eka lalita nibaMdha pragaTa karavAnI hiMmata dAkhave che. zrI bhoLAbhAI paTelane emanA sundaratara pravAsa-nibaMdho pragaTa karavAnuM koI dainika patra to ijana Ape ja kyAMthI ? joke pachIthI AmAM sukhada apavAda sarjAyA che, ApaNAM vartamAnapatronI pUrtiomAM dhArAvAhI navalakathA anivArya aMga banI cUkI che, paNa koI patre prayogalakSI, ArUDha navalakathA chApavAnI hAma batAvI che kharI ? A vartamAnapatro jAtajAtanA sisTara pablikezansa pragaTa kare che - sinemAthI mAMDIne dharmaviSayaka, paraMtu zuddha sAhityanuM sAmayika pragaTa ka2vAnuM koIe sAhasa karyuM che kharuM ? ekamAtra apavAda muMbaImAMthI pragaTa thatAM 'kavitA' traimAsikano che. eka jamAno hato jyAre 'prajAbaMdhu' sAptAhika enI

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70 | patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa sAhityika guNavattA mATe vikhyAta hatuM. Aje gujarAta-muMbaImAMthI sAptAhiko ghaNAM pragaTa thAya che ne eno upADa garama bhajiyAMnI jema thato rahe che, paNa emAMnuM koI prajAbaMdhu' ke "gujarAtI'nI kakSAne AMbavAnuM svapna paNa evI zake ema che kharuM ? prajAbaMdhu', "saMdeza" vagerenA sAhityasamRddha dIpotsavI Aje paNa smRtimAMthI vilAyA nathI. sva. kaMcanalAla mAmAvALAnA saMpAdana heThaLa sUratanA "gujarAtamitra' pragaTa karelA dIpotsavI aMkoe judI ja bhAta paDI hatI. Aje divALI parve gujarAtanAM mukhya akhabAro daLadAra pUrtio kare che kharAM ane emAM moTe bhAge hoya che jAherakhabaronA rAphaDA vacce patharAyelAM rAzivAra vArSika bhaviSya ! ema lAge che, ke AjathI keTalAka dAyakAo pUrve patrakAratva ane sAhityakalA vacce je ane jeTalI nikaTatA hatI e Aje khUba ghaTI gaI che. sAhityanI vAta javA daIe ane anya kalAo tathA jIvananI bIjI saMskAravidyAono vicAra karIe to ApaNAM patromAM e badhuM ekaMdare kevuM aspRzya rahyuM che ! citrakalA, purAtattva, zilpa, nRtya, raMgabhUmi, prAyogika calacitranirmANa, pazupaMkhIzAstra, AkAzadarzana, chabIkalA, paribhramaNa-pravRtti, hastakalA-kArIgarI, lokajIvananA aneka aMzo ane AviSkAro, ityAdi ApaNAM akhabAro dvArA mahad aMze upekSita rahyAM che. patronuM A valaNa e e kSetronA ane prajAnA sAMskRtika vikAsamAM sahAyarUpa nathI ja nIvaDI rahyuM. enAM bhaviSya kevAM mAThAM, kaparAM pariNAmo Avaze enA aNasAra atyArathI ja dRSTigocara thavA mAMDyA che. ApaNI prajA vadhAre ne vadhAre ekAMgI banatI jAya che, enuM vicAradAridraya ughADuM paDatuM jAya che, enAM rasaruci calacitronI uparachallI ne kRtrima sRSTithI AgaLa vadhatAM nathI. ema lAge che, ke ApaNAM vartamAnapatronI kacerIomAM mu. bacubhAI rAvatanI eka eka laghu AvRtti hovI ja joIe. kyAMka kyAMka haze paNa kharI, paraMtu emane kAma karavAnI mokaLAza, svataMtratAye ApavI joIe. eka bacubhAIe eka nAnakaDA sAmayika dvArA gujarAtanI peDhIo sudhI saMskAra-prasAranuM jevuM ne jeTaluM kAma karyuM che evuM kAma karyAno dAvo ApaNuM AjanuM koI vartamAnapatra karI zake ema che kharuM ? e sAcuM che ke dainika patronuM prathama kartavya samAcAro ApavAnuM ane vRttavivecananuM che, paNa e maryAdAne jyAre ApaNe pote ja vaLoTI cUkyA chIe ane vAcanavaividhya sudhdhAM pIrasavAnI javAbadArI svIkArI che tyAre vividha sAMskRtika vidyAonI gatividhithI vAcakone aMdhArAmAM rAkhavAnI bhUla ApaNe na karI zakIe. ApaNuM prajAjIvana ciMtAjanaka lakSaNo batAvI rahyuM che. eka tarapha enA para kAdaviyA rAjakAraNanA jADA thara bAjhayA che. bIjI tarapha reDhiyALa calacitronA atirekanI bhraSTa asaro vartAya che. trIjI tarapha kRtaka dhArmikatA-AdhyAtmikatAno

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patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA [ 77 gokIro saMbhaLAya che. vicArazIlatAno hrAsa karapINa banato jAya che. baMgALa, mahArASTra ane dakSiNanA bIjA prAMtonI prajAnI tulanAe gujarAtI prajA enI sAMskRtika paraMparAo tathA asmitAthI keTaleka aMze rikta banatI jAya che. ApaNI sAMskRtika bhoMyamAMthI ApaNAM mULa UkhaDatAM jAya che. kRtrima caLakATa ane glemarano prabhAva ApaNA prajAjIvana para vadhato jAya che. ApaNI bhASA, bolIo, uccArazuddhi, ApaNo itihAsa, ApaNI purAtattvIya tathA laukakalAnI samRddhi, vagerenA jatana aMge ApaNe ekaMdare udAsIna chIe. A paristhiti paratvenI UMDI ciMtA tathA enA nivAraNanA upAyo ApaNAM patromAM bhAgye ja vyakta thAya che. e patro ja keTaleka aMze pathagyuta thayelAM jaNAya che. mAtra samAcAra, mAtra rAjakAraNa, kevaLa lokapriyatA para najara, dhaMdhAdArI dRSTikoNa, sanasanATIno atireka, aMdhazraddhAvardhaka lekho chApavAnI hoDa, uchInI-vAsI-eMThI vAcanasAmagrI - patramAlikoe bAMdhelA ane patrakAroe svIkAravI paDelI A vADamAMthI gujarAtI patrakAratve mukta thavuM ja rahyuM. kUtaro mANasane karaDe e nahIM paNa mANasa kUtarAne karaDe e samAcAra thayA evuM patrakAratvanuM pAyAnuM sUtra che e sAcuM, paraMtu jo ApaNAM patro prajAjIvananI sUkSma saMpatti zA enA sAMskRtika AvirbhAvonI A rIte upekSA karavAnuM cAlu rAkhaze topaNa mANasa kUtarAne karaDe evA kissA vadhatA ja jaze ! sarvodaya yuganuM patrakAratva e brAhmaNa' vyavasAya haze, ane brAhmaNavRttino mANasa ja enA saMpAdaka-pada mATe suyogya banaze. sattA, saMpatti ane mahattAnI lAlasAothI ane rAjakIya pakSavAdathI e para hovo joIze ane enuM mAnasa lokasaMgrahanI bhAvanAthI prerAyelA taTastha draSTAnuM hovuM joIze. umeravAnI bhAgye ja jarUra che ke bahuzrutatA ane vyavasAyI kAbeliyata e to enA mULabhUta guNo haze ja. eka AdarzanI meM rajUAta karI che. eTale jo enA zabdArthamAM ene lezo to Apane ema lAgaze ke evo mANasa alabhya nahIM hoya toye ati durlabha to gaNAya ja. paraMtu Ane dizAsUcana lekhazo to e Adarzane ThIka ThIka pramANamAM potAmAM mUrtimaMta karatA hoya evA mANaso nahIM maLI rahe ema huM mAnato nathI. gujarAtanI bhUmi nirvIrya nathI; ane gAMdhInuM tapa A bhUmimAMthI hajI paravArI gayuM nathI - - ravizaMkara mahetA (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA vIsamA saMmelananA patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI)*

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patrakAratvano lokaprabhAva caMdrakAnta eca. mahetA hindInA prasiddha kavi zrI dinakare eka kavitAmAM kahyuM che : kalama dezakI baDI zakti hai, bhAva ja gAnevAlI; | dilameM nahIM dimAgameM bhI Aga lagAnevAlI. A vAta patrakAranI kalama anekolamane saMpUrNapaNe lAgu paDe che ! kAkAsAheba kAlelakare kahyuM che ema, "patrakAra eTale lokazikSaNano AcArya, brAhmaNono brAhmaNa ane cAraNono cAraNa ! prajA jyAre yuyutsu thaI jAya che, tyAre ghaNI vAra patrakArane laDavaiyA ane senApati paNa thavuM paDe che. ane sArI peThe kSAtra dharma keLavavo paDe che. jyAM jyAM anyAya thato hoya, jyAM jyAM dIna, durbaLa ane mUka vargo para julma cAlato hoya, tyAM "kSatAtvine trAyate' - evA potAnA birudanuM smaraNa karI patrakAra jhaMpalAve che. evA prasaMgo hoya tyAre vicAra, mAhitI, saMskAro, abhiruci ane AdarzonI paraba calAvI e samAja-sevaka banI jAya che. ajJAnane lIdhe athavA adUra-dRSTine lIdhe loko jyAM laDhatA hoya tyAM nAMkhana zanIya lokonI dRSTi zuddha karavAne e mathe che. samAjacakranAM paiDAM jyAre eka rAga bhUlI jaIne citkAra kare che, tyAre e yogya ThekANe sneha reDI gharSaNa dUra kare che. ane jyAre jyAre sarakAra-darabAranA prasaMgo Ave che tyAre tyAre e prajAno pratinidhi thaI lokamatane ekadhAro banAvI lokazakti cetave che. AvI rIte lokasevaka, lokapratinidhi, lokanAyaka ane lokagurunI caturvidha padavI patrakAra bhogavI zake che." kAkAsAhebanI prastuta ukti patrakAratvanA prabaLa prabhAva para pUrato prakAza pheMke che. Adhunika yuga sAmUhika prasAraNanA mAdhyamano jamAno che. reDiyo, TI.vI., philma, nATaka, akhabAra, vagere lokasaMparkanAM sabaLa mAdhyamo puravAra thayAM che. paraMtu e saumAM akhabAranuM sthAna anokhuM che. vizvanI sabhyatA ane saMskRtionI AgekUcamAM akhabArI Alame mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM che. reDiyo, Telivijhana ane akhabAroe vizvanA vividha dezo vaccenuM vizALa aMtara dUra karIne sAmIptanI sRSTi khaDI karI dIdhI che ! ane tethI ja eka dezanI mahattvanI ghaTanAono paDagho ane prabhAva anyatra paNa asarakAraka rIte dhvanita thAya che. reDiyo e lokasaMparkanuM asarakAraka mAdhyama che, paNa enI paNa keTalIka maryAdhao che. dha. ta.reDiyo zAvya-sAdhana ho enA pI prasArita thatA sakSamAra mANase sAvadhAnapaNe sAMbhaLavA paDe che. samAcAra. sabhakSA jo cUkI jaa e samAcAra punaH sAMbhaLavAnI vyavasthA sulabha nathI..dilIpojharAno bahoLo prazaR jI

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patrakAratvano lokaprabhAva ] 79 ApaNA dezanI AmajanatA sudhI thayo nathI. ane lokasaMparkanuM atyaMta sabaLa ane prabaLa mAdhyama hovA chatAM calacitra potAnA manoraMjanalakSI dRSTikoNane kAraNe lokazikSaNanuM asarakAraka mAdhyama banI zakyuM nathI ! paraMtu akhabAra e sarvasulabha hoI janasaMparkanAM anya mAdhyamo karatAM anukULatA ane lokapriyatAnI dRSTie mokhare che. kAraNa ke emAM dhArIe tyAre vAMcI zakavAnI AkarSaka suvidhA che. manuSya mATe mAhitI, mArgadarzana ane manoraMjana ema trividha javAbadArIo ekasAmaTI adA karatuM akhabAra medAna mArI jAya che ! manuSya jema sUryodayanI ke savAre garama pINAnI pratIkSA kare che, ema akhabAra mATe atyaMta utsukatA seve che. chApAM vagarano divasa ene mATe eka vizeSa abhAvano divasa banI rahe che. patrakAratvano lokajIvana para Azcaryajanaka prabhAva jovA maLe che. A prabhAva vividha svarUpe dRSTigata thAya che. vartamAnapatranuM heDiMga paNa lokamAnasano ghaNI vAra evo prabaLa kanjo laI letuM hoya che ke e heDiMganuM uccAraNa karatAM loko atra-tatrasarvatra jovA maLe che. dA. ta. koI chApAe janatApakSano AMtarika vikhavAda vyakta karatA samAcAra "janatApakSamAM yAdavAsthaLI" - e zIrSaka heThaLa chApyA hoya, to moTA bhAganA loko e zIrSakane pakaDI leze. ane koIne paNa jo pUchavAmAM Ave ke 'janatApakSa'mAM AjakAla zuM cAle che, to tarata ja kahI deze "janatApakSamAM yAdavAsthaLI !" krikeTa-kaoNlamanA lekhaka bhAratIya TImanI nabaLAI darzAvatA heDiMga bAMdhe ke "krikeTa TImano dhabaDako', to e zIrSako vAraMvAra bolAtAM ThekANe ThekANe najare paDaze ! akhabAranAM lokavicArane vyakta karatAM kaoNlama paNa atyaMta prabhAvazALI puravAra thatAM hoya che. iMglenDanA lokapriya akhabAra "dhI TAimsa" viSe to ema kahevAya che ke enuM lokavicAra'nuM kaoNlama anyAya ke atyAcAra karanAra sAme dhamakI sAbita thAya che. "dhI TAimsanA lokavicAranA kaoNlamamAM huM phariyAda karIza"- zabdo moTa camarabaMdhInA hAMjA paNa gagaDAvI nAkhe che. akhabAronA lekho ja nahIM, kArTuno paNa lokaprabhAvanuM prabaLa mAdhyama che. kArTunanI cAbukanA kAraNe sattAdhIzano belagAma ghoDo paNa DarIne sIdho cAlato najare. paDe che. kArTunanI asarakArakatAne kAraNe tamAma saramukhatyArone kArTunisTa gamyA nathI. beyoneTa ke baMdUka karatAM paNa kalamathI saratA zabdo samakSa sattAdhIza jhUkatA rahyA che. patrakAra e sarakArano Alocaka, paNa samAjano saMtrI che. lokamatanA ghaDatara ane parivartanamAM patrakAratvanuM kArya atyaMta mahattvanuM che. eka vidvAna lekhaka ke prAdhyApaka jeTalI moTI saMkhyAmAM lokazikSaNanuM kArya saMpanna na karI zake teTalI moTI saMkhyAmAM patrakAra lokazikSaNanuM kArya sAdhI zake che. gAMdhIjIe lokazikSaNa mATe patrakAratvano sararsa ane saphaLa upayoga karI dekhADyo. "yaMga

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80 | patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa inDiyA' ane 'harijanabaMdhu'mAM pragaTa thayelA lekhoe lokomAM navA vicAronA vAvetaranuM ane lokajAgRtinI mazAla pragaTAvavAnuM adbhuta kArya karI dekhADyuM. rAjA rAmamohanarAya ke narmada jevA samAjasudhArakoe paNa potAno sudhArAvAdI dRSTikoNa loko sudhI pahoMcADavA mATe patrakAratvano ja Azraya lIdho hato. ane phrAMsamAM krAntinAM preraka baLa vottera tathA rUsonA lekho ja banyA hatA. lokarucinA ghaDataramAM saphaLa patrakAranI jozIlI kalama cetanAnI cinagArI pragaTAve che. amRtalAla zeTha, zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ke jhaveracaMda meghANInI bhASAmAM raheluM joya lokaruci-ghaDataramAM atyaMta vidhAyaka siddha thayuM hatuM. AjanAM akhabAro vizALa vAcakavarga dharAvatAM thayAM che, enuM eka kAraNa akhabAromAM apAtI lokonA manane samRddha karanArI jJAna-mAhitI-pradhAna pUraka sAmagrI paNa che. samAcAra-patrono janma mULa to samAcAro ApavA mATe ja thayo hato, paNa AjanAM akhabAro mAtra samAcAro ApavAnuM ja nahIM, vividha viSayone ekasAthe samAvI "gAgaramAM sAgara' bharavAnI ukti sArthaka karI rahyAM che. samAcArapatromAM Aje jJAna, vijJAna, jyotiSa, rAjakAraNa, arthakAraNa, ramata-gamata, sAmAjika prazno, bALako, yuvAno tathA strIo mATenI kaoNlama, sAhitya, dharma, ciMtana ane mananano samAveza karatA abhyAsalekho vagere anekavidha sAmagrIno samAveza thAya che. Ama AjanuM akhabAra jJAna-vijJAnanI maMjUSA paNa banyuM che. sAmayikonA khAsa viSayo akhabAre potAnAmAM samAvI lIdhA che. ramata-gamatanA maeNgejhinamAM ramatagamatanI mAhitI hoya ! paNa A mAhitIneya akhabArI kaoNlama potAnAmAM samAvI laIne ghera beThe gaMgAno lAbha Ape che. ( patrakAratva lokone sparzatuM prabaLa mAdhyama hovAne kAraNe patrakAre lekhanA viSayanI pasaMdagI ane bhASA-zailIno paNa khyAla rAkhavo paDe che. sensezanala nyUjhamAM rasa dharAvatAM chApAM bhASAnA lokaprabhAva paratve bedarakAra hoya che ! akhabAranI bhASA ke zailImAM akhabAranuM pota pragaTa thatuM hoya che. dA.ta. mahArASTra koMgresanA eka agraNI brijalAla varmAe rAjInAmuM ApyuM, tyAre eka akhabAre zIrSaka bAMdhyuM hatuM : "koMgresanA kabUtarakhAnAmAM peThelo phaDaphaDATa!" cUMTaNImAM 'zAmaLabhAI hAryA' lakhavAne badale 'zAmaLabhAI UthalI paDyA' jevA zabdono prayoga lokone rUcikara lAgato nathI ! patrakAra zakuni paNa banI zake che ane yudhiSThira paNa ! paraMtu sAcA patrakAratvanI nema kevaLa arthaprApti hoI zake nahIM ! arthopArjananI vRttithI prerita thaI "pILA patrakAratva' dvArA lokonI vAsanAvRttine galIpacI karavI e gaMgAjaLane ukaraDe padharAvavAnI pravRtti che, eno inakAra bhAgye ja koI karI zake ! atizayoktibharyA, binapAyedAra ke kapoLakalpita gherA raMgovALA samAcArono lokonA mana para luSita prabhAva paDe che. ahIM eka prazna upasthita thAya che. zuM akhabAro lokamata-ghaDatarane yogya

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patrakAratvano lokaprabhAva e 81 dizA Ape che kharAM ? svAtaMtryaprApti pahelAMnAM akhabAro A dhyeyane varelAM hatAM ane prajAnuM pratinidhitva karavAnI nema emaNe jALavI rAkhI hatI. paraMtu AjhAdI pachInuM patrakAratva loka-ghaDataranuM prabhAvaka baLa banI zakyuM nathI ! lobha, lAlaca, ane dhanalAlasAe AjhAdI pachInAM akhabArone taTastha ane lokakalyANalakSI rahevA dIdhAM nathI. The power of press -41441 udll 27S BLE SCHI S. P. Thiaya Rajan sa E 24H "The raw material of Journalism is the public mind and the practice of the art is constant excercise in mob psychology. Looking on modern newspapers as a whole, one finds that they are based on the acute distortion of values. True it is that the idea of newspapers as guides of public opinion had really long ceased to be true to the facts, they are symbols rather than guides and men read them to find grounds for their established convictions, or even prejudices." lokasaMparka ane lokazikSaNanA A atyaMta prabhAvazALI mAdhyama pAse, lokamatane ghaDanArA A svayaM nirvAcit pratinidhio pAsethI e AzA rAkhIe ke lokadharma pratye AMkhamIMcAmaNAM ke ceDAM karavAne badale lokonnatinAM agradUta banI rahe. lokonI niyamarahita daramiyAnagIrIo aTakAvavAno upAya ja e che ke jAhera patronI nIko dvArA emane emanI potAnI bAbatonI pUrNa mAhitI ApavI ane evI vyavasthA yojavI jethI A patro sArAye lokasamUhamAM prasarI jaI zake. lokamata e ApaNA zAsanano pAyo hovAthI e mata samyaka rIte ghaDavo e ApaNo pramukha hetu rahevo joIe; ane vartamAnapatro na hoya paNa sarakAra hoya ane sarakAra na hoya paNa vartamAnapatro hoya, e bemAMthI zAnI pasaMdagI karavI eno nirNaya karavAnuM jo mane soMpavAmAM Ave to huM bedhaDaka sarakAra na hoya paNa vartamAnapatro hoya e paristhiti pasaMda karuM. paNa mArA kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke pratyeka vyaktine A patro maLavA joIe ane e vAMcavAne e zaktimAna hovo joIe." - thomasa jepharasana (amerikAnA pramukha)

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13 patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa cImanabhAI paTela akhabAranI asarakArakatA pAchaLanuM mukhya manovaijJAnika kAraNa e che ke reDiyo jevuM zrAvya sAdhana ApaNI prAcIna zravaNaparaMparAnuM ja bIjI rIte anusaMdhAna hoI, madhyayuganAM AkhyAno, vArtAkathAomAMthI pragaTa thatI evI manoraMjakatA meLavavAnuM ja mAdhyama banI rahyuM che. reDiyo sAMbhaLanAro janasamudAya enI parathI prasArita thatA samAcArone mukAbale vadhu to manoraMjananA kAryakramo ja sAMbhaLe che, ane reDiyokAryakramonuM Ayojana karanArA paNa kadAca ajANapaNe ja kAryakramomAM manoraMjananuM tattva ja vizeSa mUkI Ape che. zravaNanI A paraMparA sAme ApaNe tyAM jenuM calaNa ochuM hatuM e lakhANanuM mUlya manovaijJAnika rIte ghaNuM vadhAre che. 'lakhyuM vaMcAya' e vyavahAra sUtre lakhelAM ke chApelAM lakhANonuM gAMbhIrya ghaNuM vadhArI dIdhuM che ane eTale lakhANane chApanArAM akhabAronuM janasamAja para ghaNuM varcasva che. vaLI, Adhunika yuganI vicArasaraNI anusAra lokazAhImAM cAra sattAono mahimA thayelo che. rAjyano vahIvaTa karatI kArobArI, e kArobArI jemAMthI racAya che e vidhAnasabhA ane nyAyAlaya - A traNa saMsthAo rAjya sAthe saMkaLAyelI che, jyAre cothI presanI- akhabAronI svataMtra rIte udbhavelI che. akhabAroe AraMbhathI lokahitanI je kAmagIrI bajAvI che ane rAjasattA kaMI khoTuM karatI hoya, niSkriyatA sevatI hoya to e sAme lokono avAja rajU karIne pote eka sattA che ema sthApita karyuM che. ApaNA deza pUrato vicAra karIe to 1980nA jAnyuArImAM presanA udbhavane be zatAbdI thaI che. presano AraMbha aMgrejoe karyo hato. bhAratamAM briTiza rAja hatuM, eTale tyAMthI AvelA aMgrejoe anya Adhunika kSetromAM jema kAmagIrIno AraMbha karyo hato ema presano paNa AraMbha karyo hato. vyApaka rIte joIe to aMgrejo emanI sattA TakAvI rAkhavAnuM hita dharAve, emanA dvArA cAlatAM presa paNa sattAnA TekAmAM rahe, paraMtu A sthAnika hitanI sAme, briTanamAM presa cothI sattA tarIke vidhAyaka kAmagIrI bajAvIne sthApita thayuM hatuM, AthI e AcAradhoraNane vaza vartIne e chApAM sarakAranI paNa TIkA karatAM hatAM. sana 1823mAM kalakattA jarnala'nA mAlika ane taMtrI silka bakiMgahAme

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patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa _ 83 : sarakArI taMtranI ane amaladAronI TIkA karI hatI, ene lIdhe gavarnara janarale emane hiMda choDI iMglenDa cAlyA javAno hukama pharamAvyo hato. bhaviSyamAM koI chApuM koI evI TIkA na karI zake eTalA mATe oNrDinansa bahAra pADI prasasvAtaMtrya para kApa mUkyo hato. e sAme bakiMgahAme suprima korTamAM dAda mAgI hatI ane presanuM svAtaMtrya na jokhamAvuM joIe evI mAgaNI e samayanA baMgALanA AgevAna nAgarikoe karI hatI, jemAM rAjA rAmamohana rAya ane dvArakAnAtha TAgora mukhya hatA. joke gavarnara janaralano hAtha upara rAkhavA e vakhate e kAyado uthApyo na hato, paraMtu sana 1836mAM presanI svataMtratA mAnya rakhAI hatI ane kAyado sudhAryo hato. Ama presanI svataMtratA ane sattA briTiza kALamAM mAnya rakhAI hatI. khuda aMgreja taMtrI ane mAlikoe e keDI pADI hatI. e pachI bhAratIya taMtrIo ane mAlikoe e mArgane anusarIne, akhabAro vidhAyaka baLa che evo itihAsa sarjelo che. AjhAdInI laDatane sAtha ApavAnuM kAma karIne prese mukhya vidhAyaka phALo Apelo che. e vakhate chApAM calAvavAmAM e Arthika rIte lAbhadAyI na hatuM. mizanarI bhAvanAthI e hAtha upara levAnI moTA bhAganAM presoe hAma bhIDI hatI. mAtRbhASAmAM chApAMno phelAvo eTalo badho ocho hato ke e du:sAhasa gaNAtuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM prathama dainika "saMdeza' pragaTa thayuM. e agAu sAptAhikono yuga hato. Ama, bhAratanA presane AraMbhathI dezanA saMjogone lIdhe eka vidhAyaka kAmagIrImAM jotarAvAnuM sahaja rIte prApta thayuM hatuM, ane e kAmane eka rASTrIya bhAvanA lekhe upADI levAmAM chApAMoe gaurava mAnyuM hatuM e mATe Arthika rIte ane rAjasattA dvArA ja veThavuM paDe e hasate moMe sahevAmAM emaNe potAno dharma mAnyo hato. Ama, presano itihAsa AjhAdI sudhI vidhAyaka prakArano rahyo hato ane teNe lokomAM rASTrIya jAgRti ane bhAvanA sIMcavAmAM eka zaktizALI baLanI garaja sArI hatI. AjhAdI pUrve presane vidhAyaka paribaLa banAvavAmAM mizanarI jussAvALA taMtrI ane mAlikonI jema evA ja umadA Adarzo dharAvatA patrakArono paNa phALo hato. presa eka taMtra tarIke ane patrakAro enA pUrjA tarIke AvI vidhAyaka kAmagIrI bajAvavA kaTibaddha hoya to ja A cothI sattA potAnI sAcI zaktimattA dAkhavI zake. koI paNa dezanA prajAjanonAM mAnasa sAmAjika paraMparA, Arthika DhAMco, dhArmika saMskAro e badhAthI eka yA bIjA prakAre conditioned thayelAM hoya che. koI paNa navA vicArano, navA Ayojanano sAmAnya rIte rUDhirakSaka bahujanasamAja ,

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84 patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa taraphathI virodha ja thato hoya che. sthApita hito dvArA UbhA thatA avarodho, prajAno sahaja pramAda, vadhu paDatI AkAMkSA-apekSAo, zakti ke sAdhano paratve azraddhA ke pachI AtmavizvAsano abhAva - A badhAM tattvo pelA virodhane vadhu varavuM rUpa Ape che. tAjetarano rAjakIya phiyAsko AnuM uttama udAharaNa che. A paristhiti, sAcI ane sArI vastu viSe prajA ane zAsanataMtranuM dhyAna dorI e sArI vastunA amalIkaraNa mATenAM upayogI sAdhano ane ucita mArgo paratve jAgRti ANI, dhyeya siddha na thAya tyAM lagI taMtotaMta mathatA rahevAnI niSThA ja presa temaja patrakArane eka vidhAyaka baLa banAvI zake. mAnavajAtanA sAMskRtika utthAnanA saMdarbhamAM, rASTrIya pragatinI siddhio, zakyatAo, saMgharSo vagerenA anusaMdhAnamAM eka adanA AdamIe insAniyatane nAte adA karavAnI javAbadArI ene yAda devaDAvavAnI pharaja eka sajAga presa ane patrakAratvanI che. samAjajIvana ane rASTrajIvanane mATe vidhAyaka paribaLa banI rahevA mATe presa temaja patrakAre moTI sajjatA dAkhavavAnI rahe che. Arthika jokhama uparAMta rAjasattA dvArA UbhA thatA paDakAro jema presa jhIlavAnA hoya che ema patrakAre samagra prajAkIya parivezane sAMgopAMga pAmavA mATe UMDA ane jhINavaTabharyA adhyayananuM bhAthuM meLavavuM paDe che. presa potAnI hAma-hiMmatathI, saMyama ane aucityathI, tyAga ane nItithI, samayocita sakriyatAthI, potAnI ArSadRSTithI samAjajIvana- rASTrajIvana mATe vidhAyaka paribaLa banI zake che, to sAme paDelI samasyAonA ukela mATenI UMDI adhyayanazIlatA, janamAnasanuM talasparzI vAstavika jJAna, janamAnasane paloTavAnI sUjhabUjha, vikAsaka ke vidhAyaka abhigamane adanA AdamI sudhI pahoMcADavAnI dhagaza ane kuneha, vyakti ke samudAyanA pUrvagrahonA nirAkaraNa mATenA upAyo, navatara vikalpo rajU karavAnI kalpanA, e vikalponI kAmayAbI mATe sakriya jahemata uThAvavAnI taiyArI - A badhA vyaktilakSI ciMtana uparAMta AMtararASTrIya saMbaMdhonA saMdarbho, mAnavasamAjonA paraspara pratyenA abhigraho ane Agraho - A badhAnI UMDI samajaNa dharAvatuM zANapaNa laI eka pratibaddha ane nirbhIka patrakAra samAjajIvana mATe acUka eka saMmAnya evuM vidhAyaka paribaLa banI zake che. paNa A to thaI AdarzanI vAta. have A sAthe vAstavikatAnuM varavuM rUpa pragaTa karavAnuM paNa khUba jarUrI samajuM chuM.

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patrakAra eka vidhAyaka paribaLa [ 85 vartamAna samayamAM presa ane patrakAra beunI hesiyata zI che enI samIkSA karyA vinA vidhAyakatAnI A AkhI carcA kevaLa kalpanAvihAra banI rahe ema che. pahelAM huM presanI ane pachI patrakAranI eka vidhAyaka paribaLa banI rahevAnI guMjAyeza keTalI che enI carcAmAM UtarIza. ApaNe AjhAdI pUrvenA samayamAM prese je mahattvapUrNa kAmagIrI bajAvI enuM avalokana AgaLa karyuM. paraMtu Aje enuM kauvata osaratuM gayuM che. Aje enI eka baLa tarIkenI zakti nahIvat kahI zakAya. AjhAdI pahelAM chApAMno phelAvo ghaNo ocho hato ane Aje enA pramANamAM phelAvo ghaNo badho kahI zakAya, e jotAM evuM vidhAyaka baLa vadhavuM joIe, paNa sthiti ethI UlaTI che. je kALe chApAM calAvavAmAM Arthika rIte muzkelIo hatI tyAre enuM preraka baLa mizanarI bhAvanA hatuM. Aje chApAM calAvavAM e eka udyoga banyo che. AjhAdI pUrve amuka udyogoe rASTrIya bhAvanAne vaza thaI Arthika kharcAne pahoMcI vaLavA udyogano Teko chApAMne zarU karavA Apyo hato. have udyogo potAnuM sthApita hita jALavavA ane vistAravA chApAMno upayoga kare che. AjhAdI pahelAM, e hAMsala karavAnuM deza samakSa je dhyeya hatuM emAM sau potapotAnI rIte hisso ApatA hatA. svarAja pachI lokazAhI sudaDha karavAnuM ane dezanI samRddhi vadhArI asamAnatA dUra karavAnuM dhyeya svIkAravuM joItuM hatuM. paraMtu e dhyeya visarAI gayuM che. rAjakAraNIo ane rAjakIya pakSo sattA ane e dvArA saMpattinA svArthamAM paDI gayA che. e ja rIte vepArIo ane udyogapatio lokonA bhoge vadhumAM vadhu kema meLavavuM e zoSaNamAM paDyo che. zikSaNa jevuM je prajAghaDataranuM kSetra kahevAya e paNa bhraSTa thayuM che. Aje tamAma kSetre oTa AvelI che. ane emAMthI presa paNa mukta nathI. vidhAyaka baLa tarIke vartavA tarapha enI jeTalI najara che tethI vadhu eno phelAvo kema vadhe ane e vadhu napho kema kare e tarapha che. e mATe jene rIjhavavA paDe ene rIjhavavAmAM lokahitane vighAtaka banavuM paDe to ene arerATI thatI nathI. sinemA TikiTabArI para najara rAkhe che tema presa lokaruci ane sthApita hitonI icchA lakSamAM le che. kSetramAMnI spardhA uparAMta utpAdananAM sAdhano vadhatA bhAva, UMcAM jatAM pagAradhoraNo e badhA kharcane jo e pahoMcI na vaLe to e potAnI hastI jALavI zake nahIM. vaLI bIjAM kSetromAM AvelI pharajanI oTa enAmAM paNa AvelI hovAthI vadhu napho kema thAya e ja manodazA vyApaka banelI che. jyAre e sthiti hoya tyAre e vidhAyaka baLa rahI zake nahIM.

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86 D patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa Aje chApAMnI nakalo jhaDapathI vadhatI jAya che e emanI koI vidhAyaka zaktine lIdhe nahIM, paNa lokonI vAcanaTeva vadhI rahI che ene kAraNe. zikSaNa vadhe che enA karatAM vAcanaTeva vadhI rahI che. A vAcanaTeva paNa navI che ane ghaDAyelI nathI. AthI ene enI rUcinuM vAcana bahu game che. vidhAyaka evuM vAcana pasaMda karanAro vAcaka varga nAno che. kalApUrNa-manoraMjana karatAM halakuM manoraMjana prekSakone vadhu game che ane tethI enI harIphAI sinemA karatAM hoya che. chApAMnI sthiti paNa amuka aMze evI che ane enI harIphAI thatI rahe che. kalApUrNa sinemA jema vyavasAyanI rIte posAya ema nathI ema zuddha vidhAyaka chApuM udyogamAM TakI zake ke kema e savAla che. gujarAtamAM "kumAra", "navanIta', 'samarpaNa', 'nirIkSaka vagere sAmayikonI je sthiti che e A savAla paratve prakAza pADanArI che. AjhAdI pahelAM lokomAM paNa je rASTrIya ane jIvanaghaDataranI bhAvanA hatI, emAM oTa AvI che. comeranuM vAtAvaraNa enA para asara kare che. pariNAma e che ke lokahitanI dRSTivALAM sAmayiko baMdha thAya che ane chIcharI lokarucine poSanArAM navAM navAM pragaTa thAya che ane emano phelAvo vadhato jAya che. A viSama sthiti hovA chatAM presa enuM avalaMbana laI potAno bacAva na karI zake. presa udyoga banyo che e vAstavikatA che, paNa prema vyavasAya banyo hoya topaNa bIjA vyavasAya karatAM e bhinna che e paNa eka saMgIna vAstavikatA ja che. zikSaNa paNa Aje vyavasAya banyuM che, paraMtu eka sthaLa mAla pedA karanAra vyavasAya ane prajAghaDatara karanAra zikSaNanA vyavasAyamAM moTo bheda rahelo che. e ja rIte presano vyavasAya e sthULa mAla pedA karanAra vyavasAya nathI. e vAcakonI mAnasika, bauddhika bhUkhane saMtoSanAro vyavasAya che. e enI bhUkhane jeTalA poSaka vAcanathI saMtoSe teTaluM hitAvaha che. Aje vAtAvaraNa viSama hoya to ene bhedavAnI pharaja enI che. e bhedAya ke na bhedAya, e judI vAta che paNa e bhedavA prese vidhAyaka baLa tarIke pUrepUrA jhUjhavuM joIe. emAM ja presanuM sArthakya che. presanI paristhiti pachI have patrakAranI paristhitino kyAsa kADhavo rahe che. prajAne mATe eka vidhAyaka paribaLa banI rahevA mATe patrakAramAM ekalI enI vyaktigata guNavattA ja pUratI nIvaDatI nathI. je samAjane mATe e vidhAyaka paribaLa banI rahevA icche che e samAjane enAmAM bharapUra vizvAsa hovo joIe. ApaNI cotarapha najara pheravatAM spaSTapaNe lAge che ke patrakAre prajAno vizvAsa gumAvyo che.

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patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa [ 87 prajAthI enI vimukhatAnuM e sIdhuM pariNAma che. kevaLa 1980nI AmacUMTaNIonAM ja nahIM; 1977, e pUrve 197pa ane enIye pahelAM 1971 ema ApaNA dezanA rAjakIya jIvananI paripATImAM parivartana ANanArAM cUMTaNI pariNAmonI pUrvadhAraNAmAM ApaNA moTA bhAganA patrakArone sAMpaDelI sariyAma niSphaLatA emanI prajA pratyenI vimukhatAno sajjaDa purAvo che. patrakAronI gulabAMgo, vidhAyaka paribaLa ke dRSTisaMpanna vicAraka hovAnA emanA dAvAonI bharapUra avagaNanA karatI rahIne A cAre tabakke prajA potAnI rIte ja vartI che. prajAnI nADa pArakhanArA, prajAnA vicArapravAhane vaLAMka ApanArA, rASTranA bhAvine dizAnirdezana pUruM pADanArA patrakAranA gAla para AnAthI vadhAre moTo tamatamato tamAco bIjo kyo hoI zake ? have savAla e thavAno ke AvuM thayuM kema ? ApaNAM akhabArono AjhAdI pUrveno joma jusso ane thanaganATa, ApaNA e hiMmatavAna patrakAronI phanAgIrI ane phakIrIno jene aMdAja che e harakoI pUchavAnA ke to pachI AvuM thayuM zAthI ? zuM ApaNe briTizaronA baMdIvAna hatA, tyAre ja ApaNI sAme koI sahiyAro Adarza - Common Cause hatuM ? ane have evuM koI sahiyAruM svapna ja ApaNI pAse nathI ? svapna na hoya to, ApaNe AgaLa joyuM ema dezamAM samAnatA siddha karavAnuM svapna hovuM ghaTe - paNa e mATenI sabhAnatA patrakAramAM akabaMdha hoya toye eka svapnazilpI tarIkenI enI pramANabhUtatAmAM-vizvasanIyatAmAM bhAre moTI oTa AvI gaI che. jevI ApaNane AjhAdI hAMsala thaI ke ApaNA laDAyaka jussAno juvALa dhIme dhIme TharavA mAMDyo. have ApaNI pAse utthAna ane unnatinuM navuM svapna hatuM. AjhAdI pachI ke 1969 sudhI rASTrIya pakSa samI koMgresanuM deza para ekacakrI zAsana rahyuM tyAre paNa sabhAna patrakAratve eka vidhAyaka paribaLa tarIke samAjajIvananI - rASTrajIvananI ghaNI moTI sevA bajAvI che, ane dezanA itihAse enI noMdha levI paDaze. jyAre koMgresanI sAme aDIkhama Ubho rahI teno kAna pakaDe evo virodhapakSa dezamAM hastI dharAvato nahoto tyAre lokazAhI zAsanapraNAlI dharAvatA dezane mATe jarUrI evI bhUla sudhAranI, paDakAranI, virodhanI kAmagIrI dezanAM saMniSTha akhabAro ane dRSTisaMpanna patrakAro bajAvI rahyAM hatAM. A baMne tabakkAmAM AjhAdI pUrve ane e pachI - taphAvata hato te e ke

Page #89
88 | patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa AjhAdI pUrve rAjakAraNI pravRttimAM rASTrIyatAno raMga vadhu baLavattara hato. bIjA tabakkAmAM e raMga dhIredhIre UpaTato jato hato, jyAre rAjakAraNano raMga vadhu ghaTTatA pakaDato jato hato. A AkhI prakriyA sana 69 sudhI cAlatI rahI. paNa tyAra pachInA trIjA tabakkAmAM - '69 thI '80 sudhInA trIjA tabakkAmAM - paristhitie moTo palaTo lIdho. rASTrIya dRSTikoNavALA, prajAnI unnatinA ja Adarzane varelA bhekhadhArI sevako rAjakAraNamAMthI asta pAmI rahyA hatA ane emane sthAne rAjakAraNane eka vyavasAya mAtra mAnanArA kArakirdIvAMchuonI bharatI thaye jatI hatI. kevaLa potAnI sattAbhUkha saMtoSavAnI eSaNAvALA ke potAnI murAdo bara lAvavAnI ja jhaMkhanAvALA rAjakAraNIonI doDadhArma, kAgAroLa, naitika staranI lokazAhI jIvanarasamanI mahattAne sAva gauNa banAvI dIdhI. rAjakAraNanI A vipalALa patrakAratvaneya AbhaDI gaI ane e eTalI hade ke moTA bhAganAM akhabAro koI vyakti, jUtha ke pakSanI prazastino buMgiyo banI rahyAM. bhAratavarSanI lagabhaga nirakSara paNa haiyAukalatavALI prajA A pAkhaMDane pArakhI gaI, pariNAme akhabAronI ane akhabAronI sAthe patrakAranI vizvasanIyatA naSTa thaI. rAjakAraNanI A pakaDa pratidina eTalI majabUta bhIMsa letI gaI ke patrakArano nijI avAja emAM gUMgaLAI gayo ane TeparekorDa karelA nArAonI jema pakSa, jUtha ke vyaktinAM prazasti ke pracArathI akhabAronAM pAnAM UbharAtAM cAlyAM. AjanI hAlatane to koI TIkATippaNanI jarUra ja nathI ! vyakti, jUtha ke pakSa sAthenuM A rAjakAraNIya identification akhabAro ane patrakArone nisteja banAvavAmAM kAmiyAba nIvaDyuM. emAM patrakAranI AkAMkSAapekSA ke mAnaakarAmanI lAlasAnI sAthosAtha akhabAronI majabUrI paNa kAma karI gaI che, eTaluM noMdhavuM huM ucita samajuM chuM. mUlyonA dhvaMsanI sAme Akroza jagAvanArA ke sAme pUre haiyAnI hAmathI thApaTa mArI taravAno akhataro karanArAone DubADavAnA prasaMgoe jema patrakAronI naitika tAkAta para mIThI asara pahoMcI che, ema akhabAronI Arthika AtmanirbharatAne toDI phoDI nAMkhavAnA prayAsoe paNa akhabAronA avAjane gUgaLAvyo che. vAstavikatAno A varavo citAra chatAM, prese ane patrakAroe dhUMdhaLI paristhitinA dhummasane bhedavA potAnI vidhAyaka zaktimattAno pUro kyAsa kADhatA rahI madhye ja javAnuM che. khedanI vAta e che ke tAtkAlika hetuo siddha karavAnA AzayathI amuka vyaktio ke jUthanA prapaMcI prayAso samagra rASTrIya jIvanane mATe keTalI hade vighAtaka

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patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa 89 che, e bhAgye ja koI samaje che. presa ane patrakAranI vidhAyaka sthiti eka lokazAhI rASTranuM aNamola dhana che. eno hrAsa Akhare to rASTranI nirmAlyatAmAM ja umero karavAno che, enI gaMbhIra noMdha levAvI joIe. Aje cotarapha cAlatI mUlyahAsanI spardhA vacce gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada presa ane patrakAranI vidhAyakatAnI carcA yoje che e kharekhara abhinaMdanIya che. lokazAhInI A cothI sattA eka khUMkhAra tAkAta che. ene TakAvI rAkhavA, ene ora khIlavavA hamadardInI jarUra che. ahIM ekaThA maLelA sAhityakAro ane sabhAna zrotAo AvA hamadardI banI rahe to bhAratIya patrakAratvanI ghasAvA-lopAvA lAgelI vidhAyaka zakti puna: pAMgarI UThe evI AzA rAkhI zakAya. patro, patrakAratva ane patrakAra - e badhAMnA vidhAyaka aMzonI carcA meM karI ane e sAthe emAM vighAtaka nIvaDatAM tattvo viSe paNa je maMtavyo ahIM meM rajU karyA che, e mArAM potAnAM che, chatAM e anubhavamAMthI ja udbhavelAM che. saMbhava che ke mArA e nirIkSaNamAM khAmI paNa hoya, koIka ke keTalAka e sAthe saMmata na paNa hoya, paraMtu mAre namrapaNe eTaluM ja kahevAnuM ke meM mArA maMtavyo koI paNa prakAranA pUrvagraha sivAya ahIM rajU karyA che. - 1 patrakAranA Adarzano huM jyAre vicAra karuM chuM ane mArA aMtaHkaraNane pUchuM chuM ke patrakArano ArAdhyadeva koNa - vartamAnapatra ? javAba "nAmAM maLe che. "lokakalyANa' upara paNa mana TharatuM nathI. patrakArano ArAdhyadeva to satya sivAya bIjo koI hoI zake nahIM - thaI zake nahIM. samAcAramAM ane vicAramAM eNe niraMtara e ja devanI upAsanA karavI joIe. AvI upAsanA nirbhayatA vinA, lokakalyANanI ucca bhAvanA vinA, rAgadveSarahita taTastha dRSTi vinA, vyavasAyanI prAmANikatA vinA, satata abhyAsa, avalokana, ciMtana vinA zakya naMthI, eTale ArAdhyadeva tarIke satyanuM pratiSThApana ane pUjA-bhakti thatAM ApoApa anya devonI ArAdhanA thaI jAya che. - mohanalAla mahetA "sopAna' (gujarAta sAhitya pariSadanA 22mA saMmelananA patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI)

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prabaLa racanAtmaka zakti Izvara je. paMcolI patrakAra ane akhabAra vidhAyaka baLa banI samAja ane rASTrane samRddha ane unnata banAvavAmAM mahattvanuM pradAna karI zake che, paraMtu jo patrakAra ke akhabAra potAno dharma cUke to e vinAzaka baLa banI samAja ane dezane pArAvAra hAni paNa pahoMcADI zake che. pILA patrakAratvanA anarthakArI rAha apanAvatA patrakAro potAnA aMgata lAbho mATe kAma karatA rahIne samAja tathA rASTrajIvanane chinnabhinna karI nAkhe che. kamanasIbInI vAta e che ke Avo adharma AcaratA patrakAro, sAmayiko ane akhabArone paMpALIne - emane sAro evo Arthika lAbha ApIne (alabatta, potAnI vagovaNI thatI aTakAvavAnA athavA potAnA vize pracAra karAvavAnA hetuthI ja) patrakAra jagatamAM bhraSTAcAra phelAvAI rahyo che. niSThAvAna patrakAro ane taMtrIo vAjabI sagavaDo ke lAbho meLavavA mATe paNa pradhAno, adhikArIo ane moTA udyogapationo saMparka sAdhavAmAM saMkoca anubhave che, jyAre vagovaNIno dhaMdho laI beThelA keTalAka patrakAro potAnA vartamAnapatranA prabhAvano durupayoga karI khoTA lAbho paDAvatA rahe che. dharma cUkelA patrakAro aMgata hita khAtara Ama kare e samajI zakAya paraMtu AvA patrakArone rAjakAraNa ane vepAra-udyoga kSetranA mahArathIo Adara ApatA rahe e AzcaryanI vAta che - A Adara hArdika nathI hoto, bhayaprerita hoya che. AvA patrakAro akhabArI Alamane badanAma karatA rahe che. patrakAro eTale parama pavitra evo dAvo na karI zakAya, evI apekSAye rAkhI na zakAya. anya kSetronI jema patrakAratvanA kSetramAMye dUSaNo pravezyAM che. paNa patrakArone bagADavA mATenI javAbadArI mahad aMze rAjakIya netAo ane potAne anukULa hoya evuM chapAvavA icchatA ane potAnI viruddha kaMI paNa prasiddha thatuM aTakAvavA mathatA dhanikonI che. eo bheTa-sogAdo ane khANIpINI dvArA patrakArone phoDavAno prayatna karatA rahe che. keTalIka vAra sarakAranA mAhitI khAtAnA adhikArIo paNa AvI 'Trika ajamAvI keTalAka patrakArone potAnI marajI mujaba nacAve che. paNa patrakAromAM bhraSTAcAra vyApaka nathI banyuM enuM eka kAraNa e che ke saMvAdAtA-riporTarane ja patrakAra tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. vartamAnapatramAM saMvAdadAtAnuM sthAna khUba mahattvanuM che; paNa khUpharIDara, sabaeDiTara (upataMtrI), cIpha saba-eDiTara, nyUjha-eDiTara, AsisTanTa eDiTaranuM sthAna ochuM mahattvanuM nathI. jemane vartamAnapatro sAthe panAro paDyo hoya che evA ghaNA loko paNa A satya jANatA hotA nathI, tyAre

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prabaLa racanAtmaka zakti ] 91 sAmAnya lokone to AnI jANa hoya ja kyAMthI ? saMvAdadAtAone philDavarka karavAnuM hoya che AthI emane sau jANe che ane hita dharAvanArAo "emane hAthamAM laIzuM to ApaNuM kAma thaI jaze' ema mAnatA hoya che. vadhu zaktizALI ane vagadAra mahAnubhAvo taMtrI ke mAlikane ja sAdhIne potAnuM dhAryuM karAvavAnuM pasaMda kare che, Ama chatAM ekaMdare ApaNAM vartamAnapatro ane patrakAro potAno dharma jALavI zakyAM che e gauravanI vAta gaNAya. eka jamAno evo hato ke yuvAno mizanarI spiriTa-sevAnI laganathI patrakAratvanA kSetramAM jhaMpalAvatA hatA. AjhAdI pachI vartamAnapatro vepArI DhabanAM banavA lAgyAM che ane emAM jhaMpalAvanArAo mAtra sevAnI dhagazathI emAM jhaMpalAvatA nathI. mAlikono akhabAra kADhavA pAchaLano mukhya uddeza samAja ane rASTranI sevAno nathI rahyo (apavAda jarUra hoI zake). anya udyogapationI jema emanI najara paNa naphA para rahe che. AvI paristhitimAM akhabAramAM kAma karatA patrakAro paNa Arthika hitanA vicArane prAdhAnya ApatA thayA hoya to emAM emano vAMka na gaNAya. patrakAroe paNa potAnA parivAranuM lAlanapAlana karavAnuM hoya che, e potAnAM saMtAnone sArI rIte ucheravA jhaMkhatA hoya che. A mATe paiso joIe ke je emane emanA kAmanI viziSTa javAbadArInA pramANamAM bhAgye ja maLato hoya che. patrakAronI pAyAnI jarUriyAto saMtoSavA tarapha pUratuM dhyAna apAyuM nathI. emanAM pagAradhoraNa nIcAM che- prAdezika bhASAonAM vartamAnapatromAM kAma karatA pUpharIDarone je pagAra maLe che enA karatAM zahera sudharAInA nIcalI kakSAnA kArakunano pagAra vadhu hoya che. tAlukAnA ane gAmaDAMonA khabarapatrIone mAsika mahenatANuM pAMcapaMdara ke vadhumAM vadhu pacIsa-trIsa rUpiyA apAtuM hoya che. AvA saMjogomAM e khabarapatrIo pAsethI zI AzA rAkhI zakAya ? pariNAme akhabArone niSThAvAna khabarapatrIo maLatA nathI ane jeo khabarapatrI bane che emAMnA keTalAka pote je akhabAranA khabarapatrI hoya e akhabAranuM potAnA nAmanuM presa kArDa batAvI yAdazakti carI khAtA rahe che. patrakAro kharekhara vidhAyaka baLa banI zake e mATe emanuM jIvanadhoraNa sudhAravA mATe emanA vetanamALakhAmAM sudhAro karavAmAM Ave e anivArya che. e ja rIte patrakAroe paNa eka vAstavikatA samajI-svIkArI lIdhA vinA chUTako nathI. ApaNA dezanI Arthika vyavasthAmAM koI krAMtikArI parivartana AvavAnI zakyatA dekhAtI nathI. AthI ApaNane mAliko vinA cAlavAnuM nathI. ApaNAmAMnA koI lAkho rUpiyAnuM rokANa karI zakavAnA nathI. sahakArI kSetre A dizAmAM thayela ekaladokala prayAsano rakAsa ja thayo che. AvA saMjogomAM ApaNane rojInuM ane

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92 - patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa samAja tathA rASTranI sevAnuM sAdhana pUruM pADanAra mAlikonI TIkA karatA rahevAthI koI artha sarato nathI. jeo vartamAnapatranA kSetramAM moTI mUDInuM rokANa kare che emane naphA uparAMta vadhArAmAM kIrti maLe che, jeTalI bIjA udyogapatione maLatI nathI. AthI vartamAnapatra-udyoganA prANa samA patrakAro, presa kAmadAro ane vahIvaTI pAMkhanA karmacArIo pratye potAne sahAnubhUtibharyuM valaNa dAkhave, patrakAronI kAmagIrInuM mahattva samajI-svIkArI emanA pratye parrivAranA sabhyo jevo vartAva rAkhe, emanI Arthika sthiti bahetara thAya e prakAranAM vetana-dhoraNa amalamAM mUke e paNa eTaluM ja jarUrI che. akhabArane sAcA arthamAM vidhAyaka baLa banAvavA mATe Ama karavAmAM Ave e anivArya che. akhabAronA mAliko-saMcAlako chApakAma sudhAravA pAchaLa chUTA hAthe kharca kare che. eo lAkho rUpiyAnI kiMmatanAM roTarI mazIna, phoTo oNphaseTa mazIna tathA anya yaMtrasAmagrI vasAve che. vartamAnapatronA vikAsa mATe Ama karavAmAM Ave e jarUrI che, AvakArya che. paraMtu eo lokhaMDanAM yaMtrone jeTaluM mahattva Ape che enA ekasomA bhAga jeTaluMya mahattva akhabAranA hRdaya samA patrakArone na Ape e kevuM ? je divase mAnavayaMtro yogya dekhabhALanA abhAve kaTAI jaze e divaso lAkho-karoDonI kiMmatanAM polAdI yaMtro zA kAmanAM raheze ? prAdezika bhASAnAM vartamAnapatromAMnAM keTalAMka khUba samRddha banyAM che; Ama chatAM kacerImAM saMdarbhagraMthonI lAibrerI vasAvavAnI takedArI 'janmabhUmi' jevA ekAdabe patronA saMcAlakoe ja rAkhI che. dareka akhabArI kacerImAM saMdarbhagraMthonI adyatana lAibrerI vasAvavAmAM Ave e akhabAranavezonI kAryakSamatA ane vartamAnapatronuM dhoraNa sudhAravA mATe anivArya gaNAvuM joIe. AvI ja rIte patrakAratvano korsa calAvatI zikSaNa saMsthAo abhyAsakramamAM anuvAdane mahattva Ape e bahu jarUrI che. hajI AvatAM ghaNAM varSo sudhI ApaNe aMgrejI bhASA para AdhAra rAkhavo paDe tema che tyAre patrakArone aMgrejImAMthI gujarAtI ke anya prAdezika bhASAonuM sarasa bhASAMtara karavAnI pUratI tAlIma apAvI joIe. sAhityakAra ane patrakAranA saMbaMdho vize vicArIe. keTalAka patrakAro sAhityakArone vediyA gaNI emanI upekSA kare che, to keTalAka sAhityakAro patrakAronI gaNanA karatA nathI. keTalAka vaLI emane bhASAnA duzmano mAne che. A vAta barAbara nathI. sAhityakAra ane patrakAra ekabIjAnAM pUraka baLa jevA che. vartamAnapatromAM joDaNIdoSa ane mudraNadoSanI UNapano svIkAra karyA pachIye eTaluM to kahevuM ja paDaze ke patrakAroe gujarAtI bhASAne samRddha banAvavAmAM namra phALo to Apyo ja che. keTalAka sAhityakAro jene chApALavI bhASA tarIke oLakhAvIne enI ThekaDI uDAve che e bhASA lokonI che e bhUlavuM na joIe. vaLI, vartamAnapatronI kArakirdInA prAraMbhakALamAM keTalAka pArasI patrakAroe ane e pachI gujarAtI patronA keTalAka vidvAna taMtrIoe

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prabaLa racanAtmaka zakti ] 93 gujarAtI bhASAne zaktizALI zabdo ane paryAyo ApyA che. ane sAhityane loko sudhI pahoMcADavAmAM vartamAnapatrono phALo nAnosUno nathI. ApaNA keTalAka sArI koTInA navalakathAkAro, navalikAlekhako, nibaMdhakAro ane kaviona loko sudhI pahoMcADI, emane lokapriya banAvavAnI prazaMsanIya kAmagIrI bajAvI che. Aje paNa e e kAmagIrI bajAvI rahela che. ane have to vartamAnapatro ane sAhityakAro vacce svArthano evo nAto baMdhAI gayo che ke emane ekabIjA vinA cAle ema nathI. vartamAnapatrono je rIte vikAsa thaI rahyo che emAM vArtAsAhitya ane abhyAsapUrNa lekhonuM sthAna anivArya banyuM che. ane vartamAnapatronA mAdhyama dvArA lekhako sahelAIthI vadhu bhAvako pAse pahoMcI zake che. ApaNe je unnata samAjaracanA karavA jhaMkhIe chIe e mATe patrakAro-sAhityakArono sahiyAro puruSArtha hitAvaha che ane AvA sahiyArA puruSArthanuM sAdhana vartamAnapatro pUruM pADI rahe che. chelle akhabArI svAtaMtryanI vAta paNa karI lau. akhabArI svAtaMtryano prazna bahu pecIdo che. akhabArI svAtaMtrya eTale konuM svAtaMtrya ? akhabAronA mAlikonI svataMtratA ke patrakAronI svataMtratA ? mAlikanI vAta javA daIe, paNa huM to patrakAra chuM. huM vartamAnapatra zarU karuM to e vartamAnapatranI nIti koI bIjAne nakkI karavA na dauM. sAmyavAdamAM mAnanAranA akhabAramAM mUDIvAdanI prazasti karatA lekha ke samAcArane sthAna kevI rIte maLe ? mUDIvAdI vicArasaraNI dharAvatA akhabAramAM sAmyavAdanI himAyata karatAM lakhANo paNa prasiddha na thAya e samajI zakAya evI vAta che. paNa ATaluM to thavuM ja joIe : akhabAranI nIti nakkI thayA pachI enA rojabarojanA kAmamAM mAliko-saMcAlakono hastakSepa hovo na joIe. nItino amala karavAnI javAbadArI patrakAra-taMtrInI hoI zake. akhabArI svAtaMtrya vize gAMdhIjIe potAnI AtmakathAmAM je lakhyuM che e tamane kahI saMbhALavavAnI lAlaca rokI zakato nathI. gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM che : "vartamAnapatro sevAbhAvathI ja cAlavAM joIe e huM "inDiyana opiniyana'nA pahelA mAsanI kArakirdImAMthI ja joI gayo. vartamAnapatra e bhAre zakti che. paNa jema niraMkuza pANIno dhodha gAmanAM gAma DubADe che ne pAkano nAza kare che, ema niraMkuza kalamano dhodha nAza kare che. e aMkuza bahArathI Ave to e niraMkuzatA karatAM vadhAre jherI nIvaDe che. aMdarano aMkuza ja lAbhadAyI hoI zake. 'A vicArasaraNI sAcI hoya to duniyAnAM keTalAMka vartamAnapatro nabhI zake ? paNa nakAmAMne baMdha koNa kare ? koNa kone nakAmuM gaNe ? kAmanuM ane nakAmuM sAthe sAthe cAlyAM ja karavAnAM. emAMthI manuSya potAnI pasaMdagI karavAnI rahI."

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94 m patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa "eNe sarvajJa hovAno dekhAva ka2vAno hoya che; ene sarvavyApI thavAnI umeda hoya che; e sarvazaktimAna gaNAvAnuM prAgatsya paNa dharAve che. enI mahecchAne maryAdA nathI. enI bhayAnakatAno paNa sumAra nathI. e dhAre to arvAcIna manu ne dhAre to arvAcIna zakuni nIvaDI zake ane e e rUpe morlI, sTeDa ke lebUzIyara tarIke athavA harsTa ke hArvartha tarIke e pUrNAvatAra manAyo ne pujAyo che. e rojanI eka eka jiMdagI jIve che. enA kAryapradezanI sImAo jIvananI sImA sudhI laMbAyelI hoya che. enI pharaja eka ja divasamAM koDIbaMdha svabhAvo ane koDibaMdha banAvonA marmagrAhaka ane mImAMsaka thavAnI hoya che. e anekanAM guNagau2va pichAne che, anekanI mahattAno AMkanAra che, anekanAM chidro jANe ne pApo ughADAM pADe che. paralokamAM je kAma yama-pradhAna citragupta karatA haze e A loka paratve ene vidhAtAe soMpyuM jaNAya che. AvI asAdhAraNa pharajo asAdhAraNa lAkSaNika sAdhanasaMpatti mAgI le che. hareka viSayanuM vizALa chatAM AchotaruM jJAna laI rAkhavuM; hareka lAgaNIno neka chatAM kSaNika palakAra anubhavavo; hareka pravRttinI bhArekhamapaNe upalaka noMdha levI; AvA AvA enA bhAgyalekha hoya che. tethI, enI kalamano ha2pheharapha rAtadivasa ene ja siddha karavAmAM rokAya che. lakhANa to eno prANa che. e kAma ene mana AhAra, nidrA ne bhaya jevuM ja svabhAvasiddha banI rahe che. zabdabrahmanI ja upAsanAthI mokSa thato hoya to sauthI pahelo ne saMpUrNa mokSa patrakArano thavo joIe, kema ke ene to icche toye anya devanuM raTaNa azakya che. zabdonA svAmI thavAnI hoMzamAM e zarUAta kare che ne eno dAsAnudAsa thaIne samApti kare che. zabdazaktinI vedI parano e sauthI karuNAjanaka vadhya pazu che. e lakhANonI bhASA lokabhASA ja hovI joIe. loksamudAya para prabhAva pADavo ne lokahaiyAM kabaje karavAM; lokamata ghaDavo ne lokalAgaNInA paDaghA pADavA; Ama lokajIvana sAthe samagrapaNe ekatAra thavAnA e abhilASIne, lokadevanA e athAka pUjArIne, ananya pUjArIne, bIjI bhASA khape ja kema ? eTale enuM nizAna haMmezAM vAMcanArane vazavartI karavAne ja takAya che ane e hetu e ADaMbarI vAkyavaibhavanAM ke camatkArI padalAlityanAM, sarala sacoTa vastukathananAM athavA kAcA ke saMskArayukta kaTAkSanAM : ema jyAre je za2nI jarUra paDe tyAre e vachoDI pAra pADe che." vijayarAya vaidya ('jUI ane ketakI', pR. 72-73)

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sAhityika patrakAratva

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---------------------- | zrI narendra trivedI - sAhityika sAmayiko : jUnA ane navAM | zrI narabherAma sadAvratI - gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa zrI kumArapALa desAI - sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha zrI niraMjana parIkha - patrakAratva ane sAhityetara viSayo - - - ---- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -

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sAhityika sAmayiko : jUnA ane navAM In narendra trivedI akaLAyelI bappora ane AphareluM peTa AMkhane gherI rahyAM che tyAre cAlo gulazana'nI yAde dIvAsvapnanuM eka jhokuM mANI laIe. to A vAta che eka gulazana'nI. enA bAgabAnuM nAma tame pUcho e pahelAM ja huM jaNAvI dauM : sAhityika sAmayikonA brAhmamuhUrte smaraNa karavA jevuM e nAma che : sva. hAjI mahammada alArakhiyA zivajI. I. sa. 1901mAM eka rUpiyAnA lavAjamathI 'gulazana' nAmanuM sacitra mAsika emaNe zarU kareluM - zarU kareluM paNa ekAda varasanA gALAmAM e karamAI gayeluM; karamAI gayeluM paNa "vIsamI sadInI keDI kaMDAratuM gayeluM. I. sa. 1916mAM e keDIne pAMkho phUTI ne e pAMkhonA indradhanuSI raMgoe hajArone AnaMdavibhora karyA. hAjInI saMpAdakIya koThAsUjhanA phalasvarUpe "vIsamI sadI' sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya janathI mAMDI narasiMharAva jevA sAkSaravaryanuM mAnItuM mAsika banyuM. sAhityakAronA mijAjane jarA paNa AMca AvavA dIdhA vinA emanI pAsethI sAmAnya jananuM manoraMjana thAya evuM kAma kaDhAvavAnuM niHzaMka loDhAnA caNA cAvavA jevuM che. paNa hAjIe to e heratabharyo prayoga enA "vIsamI sadI'mAM ramatAM ramatAM karI batAvyo. sarjaka ane bhAvakano samAdara sAhityane sarvadezIyatA ane sarvakAlInatAnI kaI uccaucca sapATIe pahoMcADe che eno pratyakSa purAvo "vIsamI sadInA aMkonA pAne pAne patharAyelo paDyo che. paMDitAIno akhADo ke sabhAraMjanI pittaLaprakAzana banavAne badale, sAcA sAhityika sAmayike jJAna ane AnaMdanuM rasAyaNa karI potAno "sahitasya bhAva' siddha karavAno che. lokane leha lagADe nahIM e sAhitya nahIM ane sAhitya lokane leha lagADyA vagara rahe nahIM e ApaNA lokasAhitya hAjarAhajUra karI batAvyuM che. "vIsamI sadIno puruSArtha A dizAno hato, eTaluM ja nahIM balka, "vIsamI sadI' emAM noMdhapAtra rIte saphaLa rahyuM. saphaLa rahyuM ne sAthesAthe bIjAM sAhityika sAmayiko mATe pathapradarzaka paNa banI rahyuM ne e eTale sudhI ke hAjI mahammadanA avasAna sAthe eno aMta Avyo tyAre paMtha eno e anaMta banI cUkyo hato. e paMtha para aMkAyelAM pagalAMnI e zI vAta ! lAMbI laMgAranAM lekhAMno to ahIM avakAza nathI paNa utAvaLe-utAvaLeya thoDAM nAmo to levAI ja jAya che. vIsamI sadInA samAMtare vA samayAMtare pragaTelAM ane baMdha paDI gayelAM A sAhityika sAmayikomAM paheluM yAda Ave che... AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanuM "vasaMta'. enI

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98 m sAhityika patrakAratva sAthosAtha yAda Ave che ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanuM 'jJAnasudhA', rA. vi. pAThakasAhebanuM 'prasthAna', ka. mA. munazInuM 'gujarAta' ane vijayarAya vaidyanAM 'kaumudI' ane 'mAnasI'. nAmo levA ja beThA chIe to uddhavajI tulasIdAsanuM 'garavI gujarAta', maTubhAI kAMTAvALAnuM 'sAhitya', jayakRSNa varmA ane yajJeza zuklanuM 'guNasuMdarI', gokuLadAsa rAyacurAnuM 'zAradA', jhaveracaMda meghANInuM 'phUlachAba', cu. va. zAhanuM 'prajAbaMdhu' ane babIbahena bharavADAnuM 'ArasI' paNa bhegAbhega yAda karI laIe. Ama chatAM keTalAMka nAmo evAM che je sAdhikAra vizeSa ullekha mAgI le che. e nAmo jayaMtI dalAlanuM 'rekhA' - 'gati', sureza joSInuM 'manISA' ane prabodha cokasI sAthenuM 'kSitija', bhAnu jhaverInuM 'graMthAgAra', cunIlAla maDiyAnuM 'ruci', rAdhezyAma zarmAnuM 'yuvaka', lAbhazaMkara ThAkara ane 're' mitronAM doDha mAsika 're' ane 'kRti', jyotiSa jAnInuM 'saMjJA', mahendra meghANInuM 'milApa' ane bhagata sAhebanuM 'sAhitya'. AmAMnAM ghaNAMkharAM sAmayikoe mukta vicAra ane mukta carcAno eka anero ane adakero maMca pUro pADyo che. patrakAra ane sAhityakAranA uttama aMzonuM abhinnatva emAM pratipAdita thayuM che. enA ghoSa-pratighoSanI yAde Aje paNa kAna sa2vA bane che. ne e ATale varSeya potAnA jUnA aMko thakI nityanUtana tAjagInI lahero relAvatAM rahyAM che. a-kSaradhAmavAsI banelAM A sAmayiko pachI joIe to sAhityakSetre 'buddhiprakAza' ApaNuM saikAjUnuM sAmayika che. 'kumAra'ne ATale varSe paNa ghaDapaNa AvyuM nathI. 'akhaMDa AnaMdanI' dhUna cAlu che. 'navacetana'nI mUDI khUTI gaI nathI. 'paraba'nI parakha thatI rahI che. 'Urmi-navaracanA'nuM nAma saMbhaLAtuM baMdha thayuM nathI. 'kaviloka' dhIra Aloka ApatuM rahyuM che. 'kavitA'ne kATa caDyo nathI. 'samarpaNa'nuM darpaNa taraDAyuM nathI ne 'navanIta' kaMI nahIM to DerI brAnDa snigdhatA jALavI rahyuM che. (A 'samarpaNa' ane 'navanIta'nuM samanvita rUpa kevuM haze e AjanuM kutUhala che.) 'graMtha' gothuM khAtAMkhAtAMya thothuM banI javAthI bacyuM che. 'cAMdanI'e paccIsa varSa pUrAM karyAM che. 'ArAma' rAmane gotI rahyuM che. 'bhUmiputra'nI 'pAMca miniTanI' vArtAe AkarSaNa UbhuM karyuM che. 'ugAra' najara karI javA jevuM banyuM che. 'vizvamAnava' ane 'koDiyuM' potapotAnI rIte sAhityika phALo ApatAM rahyAM che. 'abhiSeka' avaLI-savaLI dhAre cAle che. badhA vacALe 'etad' ne 'UhApoha' AgavAM rahyAM che. 'ilaeNnDa' ane 'toDaphoDa' pragaTatAM rahyAM che paNa emanA bherubaMdhonI nAmAvaline aMtima svarUpa maLavAnuM hajI bAkI che. vAta mAMDI ja che to chelle chelle kalakattAnA 'kesUDAM' ane 'navarojha' jevA keTalAka vArSika aMkoneya yAda karI laIe. emAM yazavaMta paMDyAnAM 'vINAM'- 'zarada', saudAminI vyAsanuM 'aMganA', babIbahena bharavADAnuM 'jyotsnA', dilIpa koThArInuM

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sAhityika sAmayikoH jUnA ane navA [ 99 zrIraMga', zirISa mahetAnuM uttarA', viSNu paMDyAnuM "sAdhanA ane gujarAta sarakAranA mAhitIkhAtAnuM gujarAta' saheje smaraNe dhasI Ave che. dainikonA daLadAra dIpotsavI aMkonI sAhityika jhAkamajhoLa have pahelAM jevI sarvavyApI rahI nathI chatAM harIndra davee "janazakti' dvArA ane bhagavatIkumAra zarmAe "gujarAtamitra' dvArA zaga phagaphagatI rAkhI che. akhabAronA sAmayika vibhAgomAM AvatI sAhityika kaTAro para amadAvAdanAM eka-be akhabAroe nirlepatA batAvI hovAnA apavAdone bAda karatAM lagabhaga badhAM ja akhabAro sAhityika rucinA saMvaraNa-saMvardhananI pravRttine Ajeya premathI poSatAM rahyAM che. jUnAM, navAM ne ema jUjavAM A sAhityika sAmayikonA kALapravAhanuM vastugata pariprekSyamAM vihaMgAvalokana karatAM eTaluM khasUsa lAge che ke jyAre paNa sAhityakAra ane sAmayikakAra(patrakAra)nI saMgata supere sadhAI che tyAre sarjaka ane bhAvakanuM samArAdhana thayuM che, ne jyAre paNa e saMgata taraDAI-TharaDAI che tyAre sarjaka yA bhAvaka yA to keTalIkavAra to e beu akaLAIne evAM sAmayikothI vimukha banyA che. duHkha sAthe kahevuM paDe che ke sarjaka ane bhAvakanA samasaMvedananuM samArAdhana karatI sAmayika sRSTi ane saMpAdakIya dRSTi uttarottara vilopAtI cAlI che. sAmayikone prANavAyu pUro pADatI DAyaloganI bArI para lokhaMDI kamADa devAI gayAM che. vAcako sAthe vAda-prativAdamAM paDavAnuM paLojaNa banyuM che ne evI paLojaNamAM paDyA vinA ke vAcako zuM vAMce che ne zuM vAMcavA mAge che enI lagIre spRhA karyA vinA lakhanArA ne chApanArA eka bAju "nA huM to gAIza"nA vaizAkhanaMdanI tAnamAM mastAna che to bIjI bAju, sAkSaronI esItesI karI sAmAnya janane lapaTAvatI lasalasatI lebAzI karanArA "gadhA gulatAna' che. dekhItI rIte ja AmAM pahelAvALA karatAM bIjAvALAno upADo vadhAre che. pariNAma enuM e AvyuM che ke sAhityika sAmayiko vadhu ne vadhu saMkocAtAM gayAM che ne apa-sAmayiko tagaDAM banatAM cAlyAM che. A ja vAta bIjI rIte kahIe to, sAmayikomAMthI sAhityanuM bAspIbhavana thatuM rahyuM che ne avaziSTa kacarAnA ukaraDA thatA rahyA che. AnA sIdhA pariNAma svarUpe sAhityakAro saMgemaramariyA AvAsonA vAsI banatA cAlyA che ne emanI sarasvatI 'dvAre luptA sarasvatI banI che. sAhityakAra lokathI vimukha banyo che ne loka sAhityathI vimukha banyuM che. TUMkamAM, sAkSaro ane sAmAnya jananAM sAmayikonA khullaMkhullA be alaga cokA paDI gayA che. e be cokAnI vAta kALakramanA rUpamAM jarA vIgate karIe to sAhityika sAmayiko je eka kALe sarjako, sAkSaro ane sAmAnya jananuM "eka samArAdhanam" hatAM e kAlAMtare evAM ne eTalAM saMkulAtisaMkula banyAM ke sAmAnya janano to emAMthI pahele dhaDAke ja cheda UDI gayo. "tuM tAre raste ne huM mAre rastanA

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100 | sAhityika patrakAratva nyAye sAmAnya vAcakavarga AvAM sAmayikone nava gajanA namaskAra karI ene phasAvatI chatAM phAvatI dizAmAM DhaLI paDyo ne pittaLa prakAzanone taDAko paDyo..... bIjo dhaDAko thayo ne sarjako ane sAkSaronAM ne vaLI sarjakomAMthI sarjakonAM ane sAkSaromAMthI sAkSaronAM taDAM para taDAM paDatAM gayAM. eka sAmayikane amuka ANi maMDaLInuM to bIjAne tamuka ANi maMDaLInuM lebala lAgatuM gayuM. sAhityanAM vahetAM nIra sAmayikonA judA judA kuMDamAM baMdhiyAra banavA mAMDyAM, baMdhiyAra banyAM ne kyAMka kyAMka to gaMdhAvA paNa mAMDyAM. e bUthI akaLAyelAoe kalamanAM koza-kodALIthI phUDanI pALo toDavA mAMDI - ne toDaphoDanI A lIlA bUTapAlIsathI laI, dhUnapherI ne zerI-nATaka sudhI Aja AvI pUgI che. lokAbhimukha banavAnI sAhityanA A nava-AMdolanavAdIonI ukta lIlA mAtra kRtaka dArzanikatA nA banI bese ane kuMDanI pALo kharekhAta tUTe to gujarAtI sAhityanA ne ema enAM sAmayikonAM pANI niHzaMka kaMcanavaraNAM bane. eTaluM ja nahIM, balba kAle UThIne, sparyAspazyanA bheda bhUMsIne, tUSita vAcakanI tRSA toSatA ane sAhityakAra ane sAmayikakAranI pelI rUDIrUpALI saMgatathI DAyalaoNganA darabAramAM ene AnaMdavibhora karI detA, zuddha sAhityika sAmayikanA avatAranuM e parama nimitta banI rahe. ethI UlaTuM, tUTatI pALono kATamALa sAhityika sAmayikonA pelA rahyAsahyA kuMDone ja pUrI de to ? - to, AvatI kAla AjanA hisAbe nicce, aMdhArI. - svAdhIna banavAnA aramAnanI sAthosAtha, jema vyavasAyamAM khAtara pUravAnuM Ayojana paNa karavuM joIe, ema vyavasAyanA sarva aMgabhUtonA yathocita yogakSemanI jogavAI uparAMtanI kamANI vage karavAne badale, A loyajJanuM phaLa lokone ja arpaNa thAya evI zreyArthI bhAvanA paNa A vyavasAya paratve pragaTAvavI joIe. oksapharDa yunivarsiTI presa jevAM prakAzana TrasTonuM baMdhAraNa ja, potAnAM kamANI ApatAM prakAzanono napho, ucca gaNita, tattvamImAMsA ke vijJAna saMzodhano jevAM alpa khapatavALAM pustakonA prakAzanayajJamAM vAparavAnA AdezavALuM che. vyApArI buddhithI cAlatI ghaNI prakAzana peDhIo paNa pAThyapustakomAMthI thatI potAnI dhIkatI kamANI itihAsa ne arthazAstra, zikSaNa ane sAhitya, kAvya ane vivecana AdinAM ochI khapatavALAM prakAzano pAchaLa rokatI hoya che. ApaNI patramAlika kaMpanIo tathA TrasTo e rIte A vyavasAyamAMthI raLAtI samRddhino viniyoga vicArapatro ane citrapatronA navA prasthAna pAchaLa kema na kare ? - bacubhAI rAvata (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada trevIsamuM saMmelana : patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI)

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gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka dRSTipAta ramaNa sonI mudraNayaMtra AvyuM ne vartamAnapatro tathA sAmayiko zarU thayAM - evuM vidhAna eka tathyalekhe khoTuM nathI, topaNa eka ghaTanAlekhe A vAta eTalI saraLa ane sIdhI nathI. alabatta, mudraNayaMtra sAdhana uparAMta eka mahattvanuM paribaLa paNa hatuM, paraMtu sauthI moTuM preraka paribaLa to navajAgRtine kAraNe AvelI sakriyatA hatuM jeNe A vartamAnapatro ane sAmayikonI sAmagrInuM temaja emanAM svarUpanuM ghaDatara karyuM. e AkhIya prakriyA aMgrejI saMskRtinAM dekhAtAM anusaraNothI mAMDIne svataMtra mathAmaNo ane pravRttio sudhI vistarelI hatI; eTale ke ThIkaThIka saMkula hatI. bhAratamAM tema gujarAtamAM mudraNayaMtro - pahelAM to zIlAchApa yaMtro- AvatAM ja mudrita sAmagrIno visphoTa thavA mAMDelo. I. 1780mAM baMgALImAM "baMgALa gejheTa' nAme vartamAnapatra pragaTa thayuM ane gujarAtamAM rUstamajI kerazAspajI nAmanA pArasI sajjane pahelI vAra chApakhAnuM sthApIne I. 1780nuM paMcAMga chApeluM. jema raMgabhUmi-pravRttimAM ema mudraNanI pravRttimAM paNa pArasIo agresara rahyA. tarata kazuMka navuM karavAnI tAlAvelI ane sAhasabharyA utsAhathI prerAIne emaNe vividha kAryo AraMbhyAM emAM moTe bhAge to anusaraNavRtti hatI; kyAMka thoDAke svataMtra dRSTi-zaktithI paNa kAma karyA hatAM. A agresarapaNAnuM eka sAruM pariNAma te I. 1822mAM gujarAtI bhASAmAM zarU thayeluM paheluM vartamAnapatra "mumabaInA samAcAra' (je pachI "muMbaI samAcAra' tarIke Aja sudhI cAlatuM rahyuM che). e pachI muMbaImAM ane amadAvAda, surata vagere gujarAtanAM bIjAM zaheromAM paNa vartamAnapatro zarU thayAM. (ethIya vadhu chApakhAnAM zarU thayAM.) samAcAra, jAherakhabara, sAhityasAmagrI tathA anya jJAnalakSI sAmagrI dvArA prajAnI jijJAsA ane jarUriyAto saMtoSavAnuM temaja kaMIka aMze navI jAgRti prasAravAnuM kAma emaNe upADyuM. paraMtu, te vakhate keTalAka aMgreja patrakAroe ahIMnAM ekabe alpajIvI aMgrejI vartamAnapatromAM dAkhavelI evI patrakArI tIvratA A gujarAtI vartamAnapatromAM bhAgye ja jovA maLatI hatI. e karyuM sAmayikoe, narmada("DAMDiyo')mAM ke karasanadAsa mULajI('satyaprakAza')mAM je tIkhAza ane AkramakatA hatAM; emanA AMdolanakArI avAjamAM je patrakArI tArasvara saMbhaLAyelo e te vakhatanAM vartamAnapatronA adhipatiomAM bahu saMbhaLAyelo

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102 | sAhityika patrakAratva jANyo nathI. A vidagdha sudhArakonI vicAralakSI pravRttiomAM, emanAM sAmayikapatronA mAdhyamathI, patrakArI sakriyatA paNa umerAI hatI. A badhA parathI eka bIjuM kAraNa e nIkaLI zake ke zarUAtane tabakke patrakAratva' ane ApaNe jene 'sAhityika patrakAratva' tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe e be vacce paNa ghaNo ocho bheda hato. aMgrejImAM patrakAravidyA(jarnAlijhama)nI ane bIjI bAjue sAhityalakSI sAmayikapravRttinI je kramazaH alaga, svataMtra vikaselI lAMbI paraMparAo hatI eno saMparka ApaNane to eksAmaTo, ekasAthe ja thayo. mudraNayaMtre ene rasto karI Apyo tyAre ApaNA sudhArako-vicArako-sAhityakAroe e badhI dizAone ekasAthe grahI. samAcAra, jAherakhabara Adi sAmagrIne bAda karIe to ApaNAM zarUAtanAM, sudhArAlakSI vicArapatro jevAM sAmayiko paNa patrakArI mijAja dekhADatAM rahyAM hatAM. prajAhita mATenAM e praharIo hatAM. eka prazna e thAya ke A sudhArAlakSI vicArapatrone sAhityanAM sAmayiko gaNAvavAnuM kAraNa karyuM ? Ama to e pachI paNa varSo sudhI ApaNAM sAhityasAmayikoe sAhityanI sAthesAthe ke gauNa bhAve vicAra-ciMtananAM patronI bhUmikA bhajavI che. paraMtu enA taMtrIo mukhyatve sAhityakAro hatA eTale emanuM mukhya valaNa sAhitya-viSayaka lakhANo pragaTa karavAnuM rahyuM. e kAraNe A sAmayikonuM mukhya pradAna sAhityanA kSetramAM gaNAyuM che. AraMbhakAlIna sAmayikonA taMtrI-saMpAdako paNa sAhityakAro hatA - sudhAraka sAhityakAro. ethI, pravRttilekhe emanAM sAmayikonI sAmagrI samAjadharma-sudhAraNAnI rahI paNa emAMnAM lakhANonuM svarUpa - enuM gadyarUpa- sAhityakAranI lAkSaNikatAone pragaTAvanAruM banyuM. sAhityasvarUpono navaprasthAnalakSI vikAsa paNa A sAmayikone AdhAre thato rahelo. e sarva arthamAM e "sAhityasAmayiko' hatAM. I. 1850mAM "buddhiprakAza' zarU thayuM tyArathI mAMDIne Aja sudhInAM doDhaso varSonAM sAmayikono itihAsa ghaNo romAMcaka che. e eka bRhada adhyayanano viSaya che. eTale ahIM to eka jhaDapI vihaMgadarzana thaI zake. mukhya sAmayikonAM lAkSaNikatA ane valaNonI paNa eka rekhA ja upasAvI zakAya. 19mI sadI uttarArdhanAM sAmayiko - keTalIka vizeSa vigato gujarAtanI sAMskRtika paraMparAonI jALavaNInA temaja vartamAna samayanI sarva bauddhika pravRttione prasAravAnA phArbasanA sadAzayathI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInA mukhapatrarUpe zarU karAyeluM "buddhiprakAza' (1850) zarUAtamAM 16 pAnAMnuM pAkSika

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gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka dRSTipAta | 103 hatuM ne ghaNA badhA sAmAjika viSayone sAmagrI tarIke AlekhatuM hatuM. paNa 1855thI dalapatarAma taMtrI thatAM emAM sAhityanI sAmagrI paNa umerAI. te samayanAM lagabhaga sarva sAmAjika temaja sAhityika saMcalanonuM pratibiMba A mAsika sAmayikamAM jhilAyeluM che. dalapatarAmanI sAhitya-prerakatAnuM temaja temanA vaicArika gadyanA vikAsanuM paNa e vAhaka hatuM. Aja sudhI akhaMDa cAlatuM raheluM, saMzodhana-adhyayananI dizAmAM jaIne vaLI sAhityanA sarvasAmAnya rasanuM mAsika baneluM 'buddhiprakAza' gujarAtanuM sauthI lAMbo AyuSyakALa dharAvatuM sAmayika che. e samaye paNa vadhu uttejaka sAmayiko to hatAM "satyaprakAza' (1855) ane DAMDiyo' (1964), kemake emaNe dhArmika-sAmAjika kSetre ghaNo moTo UhApoha - kyAreka vivAda paNa - jagavyo. karasanadAsa mULajI jevA atyaMta nirbhIka patrakArasudhArake "satyaprakAza' dvArA dhArmika pAkhaMDo sAme avAja UMcakyo hato. vikhyAta mahArAja lAyabala kesa'nI nirNAyaka saphaLatAmAM anya paribaLo-vyaktio uparAMta satyaprakAza'no paNa ghaNo moTo phALo hato. joke A sAmayikanAM lakhANonI bhASA, enI lakhAvaTa, prAthamika ane ThIkaThIka aNaghaDa hatI. narmadanA anekaraMgI vyaktitvanuM balake enA vividha samayanA mijAjo(mUDjha)nuM pratibiMba "DAMDiyomAM barAbara jhilAyuM che. mukhyatve e ojasvI ane tIkhAzavALA sAmAjika patrakAratvanA mAdhyama tarIke AraMbhAyeluM. vizvanAtha bhaTTe A ja saMdarbhe narmadane "jAgrata praharI' kahelo. e uparAMta gujarAtI gadyanA (khAsa to narmadanA gadyanA vikAsanuM paNa e vAhaka baneluM. enA vaicArika ne sAhityika gadyanAM ghaNAM parimANo emAM dekhAze. viziSTa laDhaNovALI chatAM enI bhASA pramANamAM sApha ane asarakAraka hatI. zikSaNanA praznonI carcA karatuM, sarakAranA keLavaNI khAtAnuM sAmayika"gujarAta zALApatra' (1862) zarUAtamAM mahIpatarAma nIlakaMThanA taMtrIpade cAlatuM hatuM. 1870mAM navalarAma enA taMtrI thayA e pachI, 12 varSa sudhI, graMthAvalokanono vibhAga paNa emAM noMdhapAtrapaNe Upasyo. mudraNayaMtre je prakAzana-visphoTa,sarakyo hato e sthitimAM, sArA-narasA vAcanane juduM pADI ApavuM temaja sAhityalekhananI ziSTatAnuM ane sajjatAnuM dhoraNa UbhuM karI ApavuM ghaNuM jarUrI hatuM. ethI ja, uttama graMthonI vigatavAra samIkSAo karavA uparAMta navalarAme keTalAMka jhaDapI, mArmika avalokanonA sAtatyathI pahelA vivecakanI mahattvanI javAbadArI nibhAvI. pustaka vize goLagoLa abhiprAya ApavAne badale sArAne spaSTapaNe sAruM kahevuM ane nabaLuM hoya to enA para "be-cAra cAbakhA avazya lagAvavA", evA emanA jANItA abhiprAyamAM vivecakanI

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104 T sAhityika patrakAratva cikitsAdRSTi uparAMta zikSaka-sudhArakano zuddhi-Agraha paNa joI zakAze. sudhArakayuga ane sAkSarayuganA saMdhikALe zarU thayelA icchArAma sUryarAma desAInA 'gujarAtI'(1980)e A zuddhi-Agrahane patro-sAmayikonI bhASAnI azuddhio sAmenI jehAda sudhI vistAryo hato. e samaye keTalAka pArasI taMtrIo-lekhakonA reDhiyALa anuvAdonI TIkA karIne enI sAme emaNe ziSTa-zuddha anuvAdo mUkI ApelA. eTaluM ja nahIM, presamAM thatI azuddhiothI kaMTALIne emaNe potAno ja 'gujarAtI prinTiMga presa' sthApelo ane 'gujarAtI TAipa phAuMDrI' UbhI karelI ! gujarAtI sAmayikomAM pahelI vAra vividha viSaya-vibhAgonuM vyavasthApUrvaka Ayojana tathA 'kAvyadohana' graMthazreNI A sAmayikanuM mahattvanuM pradAna gaNAya. Ama to sAkSarI sAhityika patrakAratvanI bhUmikA 'gujarAtI' dvArA racAI hatI paNa eno vadhu UMDANavALo ane vyApaka AviSkAra maNilAla dvivedI, 2maNabhAI nIlakaMTha ne pachI AnaMdazaMka2 dhruve calAvelAM sAmayiko dvArA thayo. 'gujarAtI'mAM 'nArIpratiSThA' nAmanI jANItI lekhamALA calAvyA pachI maNilAle strIonA sAmAjika (ane emane mATenI keLavaNInA) praznone laIne 'priyaMvadA' (1885) zarU karyuM. emAMnAM maNilAlanAM lakhANo pratyakSa saMbodhananI ane vAtacItanI zailIvALAM hatAM, kasAyelA vaktA tarIkenI emanI vAkchaTAno lAbha paNa 'priyaMvadA'ne maLato hato. AvI, mAdhurya ane prAsAdikatAnI kALajI chatAM ane 'strIone vAMcavAlAyaka na hoya evA viSayo emAM na Ave' evA saMkalpa chatAM carcAomAM maNilAlanA pAMDityano praveza thayo hato, enI durbodhatA sAme mahilAoe phariyAda karI hatI ! pAMca varSa pachI maNilAlane paNa lAgyuM ke mAtra strIviSayaka sAmayika calAvavuM duSka2 che, sImita ane ekAMgI paNa che. eTale emaNe tattvacarcA, sudhAro, adhyAtma, vedAnta, jJAnavijJAna Adi viSayomAM vistaratuM 'sudarzana' (1990) zarU karyuM. alabatta, e pAMca varSamAM 'priyaMvadA'e strI-jAgRtinI dizAmAM ThIkaThIka vicAra-AMdolano UbhAM karelAM. paMDita ane patrakAra-vicAraka tarIkenI maNilAlanI zaktione 'sudarzana'mAM mokaLAza maLI. paMDitayuganA ghaNA lekhakonI sAkSarI vicAradhArAne temaja e samayanA sarjanAtmaka sAhityane 'sudarzane' pragaTa karyAM hatAM. gujarAtInA eka uttama tattvadarzI nibaMdhakAra tarIke maNilAla UpasyA emAM 'sudarzana' mahattvanuM vAhaka banyuM. maNilAlano lekhasaMgraha 'sudarzana gadyAvali' A sAmayikanuM eka pramukha pradAna che. prArthanAsamAjanA mukhapatra tarIke zarU thayeluM 'jJAnasudhA' (1892) kramaza: navI sudhAraka-vicAraNA, tattvaciMtana ane sarjanAtmaka-vivecanAtmaka sAhitya sudhI vistaryuM hatuM. enA taMtrI ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanI sudhA2ka temaja hAsyakAra tarIkenI zaktio 'jJAnasudhA' dvArA

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gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka daSTipAta | 105 AviSkAra pAmatI rahI. emanA haLavA nibaMdho tathA emanI vikhyAta navalakathA "bhadraMbhadra' A sAmayikanAM pAne avatarI hatI. e uparAMta nhAnAlAlanI uttama kalAkRtio, baLavaMtarAyanI "premano divasa" saoNneTamALA vagere kRtio, rAmalAla modInA saMzodhanalekho temaja ramaNabhAInAM tattvalakSI ne vivecanAtmaka lakhANoe "jJAnasudhA'nuM viziSTa pradAna AMkyuM hatuM. 1896mAM AraMbhAyelA ne 1914thI mAsika banelA "samAlocake sAkSarI paraMparAno vistAra karavAmAM sArI kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI paNa paMDitayuganuM pUruM pratinidhitva jALavatuM chatAM ghaNuM vyApaka ane udAra baneluM sAmayika to hatuM AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanuM 'vasaMta' (1902). vIsamI sadInA AraMbhe pragaTa thayelA A sAmayike lagabhaga cAra dAyakA (1939)sudhI cAlIne paMDitayuganI vihaMdu-paraMparAne gAMdhIyugamAM paNa saMcArita karavAmAM mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM che. (vacce, AcArya AnaMdazaMkarane gujarAta bahAra javAnuM thatAM 1913thI 1924 sudhInAM 12 varSa ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha enA taMtrI rahelA.) AnaMdazaMkaranI samanvayavAdI dRSTie sAmAjika-dhArmika vicAraNAne ekapakSI matAgrahamAMthI mukta ne mokaLI karI eTaluM ja nahIM, mULa satya sudhI pahoMcatI emanI UMDI tattvajijJAsAe ene parizuddha rUpa paNa ApyuM. "vasaMta'mAM viSayonI vyApakatA ja keTalI moTI hatI - adhyAtma, tattvajJAna, keLavaNI, rAjakAraNa, samAja, vijJAna, mAnasazAstra, kRSivijJAna, udyoga, saMgIta, khagoLa ane sAhitya ! mAnavajJAna ane kaLAnI aneka zAkhAo paranAM noMdhapAtra lakhANo vasaMta'mAM sthAna pAmatAM rahyAM. AnaMdazaMkaranAM, pachI umAzaMkara jozIe saMpAdita karelAM mUlyavAna pustakonAM moTA bhAganAM lakhANo 'vasaMta'nAM pAne AviSkAra pAmelAM hatAM. umAzaMkare 1947mAM "saMskRti' zarU karyuM tyAre emanA manamAM 'vasaMta' eka Adarza namUnA (moDela) rUpe rahyuM hatuM, e paNa "vasaMtanA vyApaka phalakano ane enA pradAnano khyAla Ape che. 20mI sadI pUrvArdha sAhityika patrakAratvanI navI dizAo | 'vasaMte' vicAralakSI vyApakatA ane mokaLaza UbhAM karyAM ne 20mI sadInA cAreka dAyakA sudhI e pravRtta rahyuM e barAbara paraMtu e viddhaparaMparAno vistAra karanAruM, gaMbhIra prakAranuM sAmayika hatuM. saraLatA ane rasikatA dvArA vyApaka sAhityarasika varganAM vismaya-jijJAsAne jagADavA-poSavAnuM kAma "vIsamI sadI' (1916)e karyuM. e ApaNuM paheluM sacitra (ilasTreTeDa) sAhitya-sAmayika hatuM. emAM sacitratA kevaLa suzobhana ke AkarSaNa mATe na hatI kemake e citro vikhyAta citrakaLAkAronAM hatAM - munazInI navalakathA hoya ne enAM pratApI pAtronAM citrarekhAMkano ravizaMkara rAvaLe

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106 ] sAhityika patrakAratva karelAM hoya, kalakattAmAM taiyAra thatuM enuM bahuraMgI mukhapRSTha paNa nIvaDelA citrakAranuM rahetuM. sAhityanI guNavattAnuM ke rucinuM dhoraNa nIce utAryA vinAnI sAcI lokapriyatA balake lokalakSitA enA saMpAdaka hAjImahaMmada alArakhiyA zivajInuM dhyeya hatuM. e dhyeya pAra pADavA emaNe uttama lekhako pAsethI jahematapUrvaka lakhANo kaDhAvyAM, mudraNa AdinI uttama vyavasthA nipajAvI, kharca karavAmAM khuvAra thaI javA sudhI pAchuM vaLIne na joyuM. pariNAme "vIsamI sadI" hAjImahaMmadanA akALa avasAna sAthe akALe ja baMdha paDyuM. paraMtu e cAra varSamAM eNe sAhityika patrakAratvano eka navo cahero upasAvyo. "vIsamI sadI'nuM adhUruM kAma be sAmayikoe judI judI rIte upADI lIdhuM- gujarAta' (1922) dvArA munazIe ane "kumAra' (1924) dvArA ravizaMkara rAvaLa ane bacubhAI rAvate. A daramyAnamAM AraMbhAyelA eka sAmayikano nirdeza karavo anivArya che. maTubhAI kAMTAvALAe "vIsamI sadInI pahelAM, "sAhitya' (1913) zarU kareluM e vihaMdu-paraMparAnI rIte 'vasaMta'nA kuLanuM hatuM paNa bhASAmAM saraLatA ane sAdagIthI e vadhu lokalakSI banyuM hatuM. prAcIna-madhyakAlIna sAhityanA pragaTIkaraNano paNa eno, zarUAtathI ja, eka Azaya hato je pachI premAnaMdanA nATakonA vivAda sudhI prasaryo. A tarakaTanA prativAdarUpe paNa 'vasaMta", "buddhiprakAza', "samAlocaka", "gujarAta", kaumudI' Adi sAmayiko sakriya thayelAM ane e samayakhaMDa sAhityika UhApohanI rIte noMdhapAtra banelo. munazInA asmitAlakSI dRSTikoNe ane paMDitayugIna zuSkatA sAme rasikatA ane jIvaMtatAnA valaNe gujarAtane eka lAkSaNika sAmayika banAvyuM. cetana'(1920)mAM baTubhAI umaravADiyA sAthe joDAIne navayuvaka vijayarAya vaidya ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanA pariSada-vyAkhyAnanI je nirbhIka ane saMgIna samIkSA karelI emAM dekhAyelI emanI sAhityika patrakAranI zaktithI AkarSAIne munazIe vijayarAyane potAnI sAthe joDyA ethI paNa "gujarAta" vadhu samRddha thayuM. paraMtu vijayarAya koInI sAthe ke koInI mukhyatA heThaLa kAma karavAne badale alAyaduM sAmayika UbhuM karavAno svataMtra mijAja dharAvatA hatA eNe zuddha sAhityika patrakAratvanI dizA kholI - "kaumudI' (1924) ane mAnasI (1935) vArA. A daramyAnamAM. "gujarAtanI sAthe ja AraMbhAyeluM "navacaMtana' (1922) cAMpazI udezInI lAkSaNika patrakAra-dRSTithI noMdhapAtra to baneluM paraMtu mukhya pravAhamAM e agraNI na banI zakyuM. alabatta e sAtatyapUrvaka cAlyuM, Aja sudhI cAlatuM rahyuM che. khaMta, sUjha ane yuyutsA-vRttie vijayarAya vaidyanuM eka sAhityika patrakAra

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gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka daSTipAta D 107 tarIkenuM vilakSaNa ane majabUta kAThuM nipajAvyuM hatuM. "kaumudI'eka namUnedAra sAhityasAmayika rUpe vikasyuM kemake lekhaka temaja saMpAdaka tarIke niSThApUrvakano ghaNo parizrama tathA sAhitya ane sAhitya-sAmayika mATenA UMcA temaja tIvratama Agraho enA kendramAM hatA. 'navAnI nekI ane jUnA sAme baMDa'nI emanI nirbhIka-spaSTa patrakAranItie sAhityika vAtAvaraNane vegIlI sakriyatA ne jIvaMtatA bahyAM hatAM. pArAvAra Arthika viTaMbaNAo sAme jhajhUmIne paNa emaNe "kaumudI-"mAnasI" dvArA lagabhaga sADAtraNa dAyakA sudhI, gujarAtI sAhityika patrakAratvanI eka tejasvI lAkSaNika rekhA AMkI. munazIe eka vAra umAzaMkara jozIne kaheluM - "koI evuM sAmayika kADhone... eya ne basa vAMcyA ja karIe !" tyAre umAzaMkare emane "kaumudI' cIMdheluM ! ravizaMkara rAvaLa to "vIsamI sadI' sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA ja. bacubhAI rAvatane e sAmayikamAM joDAvA mATe bolAvavA e vicAratA hatA tyAM ja hAjImahaMmadanA avasAnathI "vIsamI sadI' baMdha thayuM paNa ravizaMkara rAvaLano, kalA-sAhitya ane jJAnanAM vividha kSetrone rasaprada rIte rajU karavAno saMkalpa "kumAra' (1922) dvArA caritArtha thayo ne dRSTivaMta saMpAdaka bacubhAI rAvatanI sUjha ane jhINavaTathI e samRddha thayo. citrakaLA, sAhitya, zilpa, saMgIta, nRtya, nATaka evI kaLAothI AraMbhIne itihAsa, khagoLazAstra, vaidakazAstra, ramatajagata evAevA aneka viSayonI adhikRta chatAM rasaprada vaividhyavALI sAmagrI dvArA kumAre' AvatIkAlanA nAgarikonAM ruci-saMskAranA ghaDataranuM kAma kauzalapUrvaka karyuM. mudraNa ane nirmANanI karakasarapUrvakanI sughaDatA-kalAtmakatA eno vizeSa rahyo. eno koI paNa aMka, Ajeya eTalo ja rasaprada ne skUrtidAyaka banI zake ema che. bacubhAI rAvatanA avasAna pachI thoDoka samaya baMdha paDelA "kumArane dhIrubhAI parIkhanA taMtrIpade pharI cAlu karavAmAM AvyuM che. paMDitayugIna sAmayiko jevI praziSTatA dharAvatuM rAmanArAyaNa pAThakanuM prasthAna' (1926) enI nIvaDelI prayogazIlatAthI AgavI vizeSatA dharAvatuM baneluM. "maoNDarna rivyune Adarza (moDela) tarIke svIkArIne vyApaka praznone eNe hAtha dharyA hatA. tema chatAM sAhitya enA kendramAM rahyuM hatuM. rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka ('dvirepha')nI prayogalakSI vArtAo emAM ja pragaTelI temaja vivecaka rAmanArAyaNa ane rasikalAla parIkhanA abhyAsalekhothI e samRddha thayeluM. navI peDhInA lekhakonI tejasvitAne mATe paNa 'prasthAna' preraka banatuM raheluM svAtaMtryottara samayanAM sAmayiko dRSTikoNa ane valaNonuM vaividhya paMDitayuga sAthe pUrva-anusaMdhAne rAkhIne 'vasaMta' gAMdhIyugIna sAkSarI paraMparA ane vyApaka vicAralakSitA sudhI vistaryuM e ja rIte 1947mAM AraMbhAyeluM saMskRti'

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108 | sAhityika patrakAratva sAhitya ane saMskRtinA vyApaka phalaka para, praziSTatA sAthe anusaMdhita rahIne e pachI badalAtAM rahelAM yugaparibaLo sAthe - adyatana sAhitya-samaya sAthe - paNa mokaLAzathI chatAM uttamanA AgrahapUrvaka pravartatuM raheluM eka pramukha sAmayika banyuM. agraNI sAhityakAra ane saMpAdaka tarIkenI umAzaMkara jozInI zraddheyatAe paNa badalAtI peDhIonA tejasvI sAhityakAro-vicArakone "saMskRti sAthe joDelA rAkhyA. enA 400 uparAMta aMko tathA "vivecana vizeSAMka", "zespiyara vizeSAMka", "kAvyAyana', "sarjakanI AMtarakathA', pratibhA ane pratibhAva' nAmanA uttama saMcayagraMthonuM rUpa pAmelA) vizeSAMko enI sAhedI pUre che. chellA, pUrNAhuti vizeSAMka'- mAMnI, "saMskRti vidAya mAge che" nAmanI nivedana-kephiyata, vyApakabhAve paNa ApaNI sAmayika-pravRtti vize mArmika nirIkSaNo Apato eka mUlyavAna lekha banI rahe che. 1950mAM AraMbhAyeluM milApa' uttama vAcananA dohananuM ApaNuM eka namUnedAra DAyajesTa-sAmayika hatuM. bahoLA varganI vAcanarucine preravA-keLavavAnI enA saMpAdaka mahendra meghANInI zakti A sAmayika dvArA pragaTI-vikasI hatI ne e aneka upayogI saMpAdana-pustikAo sudhI vistarI hatI. 28 varSa calAvIne 'milApane emaNe sameTuM e pachI paNa emanI A upayogI dohana-saMpAdanapravRtti cAlu ja che. sAtamA dAyakAno AraMbha vibhinna dRSTikoNavALAM noMdhapAtra sAmayikono hato. sauthI moTuM ne mahattvanuM sthityaMtara 'kSitija' dvArA AraMbhAyuM. bhUdAnapravRtti ane vyApaka jIvanavicAra vize, 1959mAM prabodha coksIe AraMbheluM A sAmayika 1961mAM sureza jozI hAthamAM le che ne ene adyatana sAhityanI AbohavA UbhI karavAmAM prayoje che. pazcimI sAhityasarjana ane sAhityavicAra anuvAdo-dohanovivecanalekho dvArA emAM AviSkAra pAme che ne rUDha sAhityapraNAlIonI sAme cikitsApUrvakanA UhApohanuM vAtAvaraNa sarje che. gujarAtI sarjana-vivecananI adyatana kRtio paNa emAM prakAzita thavA lAge che. gujarAtImAM adyatanatAnA prasAraNamAM e mahattvanuM paribaLa bane che. 'kSitija'mAM vidrohanI sAthe saMgInatA hatI. e ja gALAmAM "re' maTha dvArA AraMbhAtA "re" ane e pachI "kRti' (mudrAlekha - "kRti, saMskRti nahIM')mAM Akramaka ucchedakatA hatI jemAM "saMskRti', "kumAra" jevAM praziSTa sAmayikonI sAthe kSitija'no paNa jANe ke niSedha hato. 1967 sudhI cAleluM "kSitija' sAmayika "UhApoha', 'etad' Adi sureza jozIprerita sAmayikomAM anusaMdhAna pAmatuM rahyuM paNa "2', 'kRti', saMdarbha' Adi sAmayiko adyatanatAnA vAvAjhoDAnI jema AvIne, jIrNa-rUDhane

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gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka daSTipAta 109 hacamacAvIne, tAjagIne vahetI karavAnI thoDIka jarUrI kAmagIrI bajAvIne svecchAe kharI paDayAM. samayanA anukrame najara karIe to 1959mAM bhAratIya vidyAbhavananuM samarpaNa AraMbhAya che ne 196ramAM kuMdanikA kApaDiyAnuM "navanIta'. pAchaLathI, 1980mAM, A be sAmayiko saMyukta thAya che e pahelAM paNa vyApaka prakAranAM, sAhityane prAdhAnya ApanArAM, sAmayiko tarIke emanI mudrA hatI. vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmaMdiranuM vivecana-saMzodhananuM sAmayika "svAdhyAyaM bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnA saMpAdakapade AraMbhAyeluM ne eNe prAcIna-madhyakAlIna sAhityanA saMzodhanavivecananI ghaNI moTI kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. eka prakAranA mobhAdAra yunivarsiTI jarnalanuM enuM svarUpa ghaNo vakhata jaLavAyuM hatuM. Aje paNa A sAmayika cAle che. vADIlAla DagalInI prerakatAthI, yazavaMta dozInA saMpAdanamAM 1964mAM 'graMtha' zarU thayeluM - graMthAvalokananA ekamAtra ane pUrA kadanA mAsika sAmayika tarIke. sarajAtA sAhityanAM tathA vivecana-saMzodhananAM pustako vize pratyakSa vivecana ApatA A sAmayike sAmprata sAhityane avalokavA-mUlavavAnI ne ema sAhityika vAtAvaraNane ane dhoraNone racavAnI eka atyaMta upayogI kAmagIrI satata 22 varSa sudhI bajAvI. 1986mAM ene baMdha karavAmAM AvyuM tyAre saune enI kharekhara khoTa varatAyelI. (ene baMdha karavAnAM bahu kAraNo na hatAM evuM paNa ghaNAMne lAgeluM.) bhAratabharanI bhASAomAM paNa kevaLa samIkSAnuM AkheAkhuM sAmayika bhAgye ja thoDI bhASAomAM hatuM - Aje paNa sthiti e ja che. 1996mAM zarU thayelA "saMjJA'nI eka lAkSaNikatA enA saMpAdaka jyotiSa jAnInI kalpanAzIla sakriyatA hatI. aniruddha brahmabhaTTe kaheluM ema e "dynamic' hatuM. sAmayikanI lAkSaNika sAijha, enuM evuM ja lAkSaNika mudraNa ane mukhapRSTha enI AgavI oLakha hatAM. sAmagrImAM, enI rajUAtamAM ane saMpAdakIya kauzalamAM eka prakAranI sUjhavALI a-rUDhatA hatI - sureza jozInI lAMbI (chatAM adhUrI rahelI) viziSTa, uttejaka mulAkAta enuM eka mahattvanuM dRSTAMta che. dAyako cAlelA "saMjJA'e keTalAka smaraNIya aMko ApyA. paNa, jyotiSa jAnInuM A saMpAdana-kauzala "saMjJA' pachInAM emanAM sAmayika-saMpAdanomAM jovA na maLyuM. AjanAM sAmayiko mAtra prakAralakSI nirdezo Aje cAlatAM - jUnAM cAlu temaja chellA eka doDha dAyakAthI AraMbhAyelAM -

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110 | sAhityika patrakAratva A sAmayikonI vAta emane traNeka prakAramAM vahecIne karavI sagavaDarUpa banaze : (1) koI eka viSaya-vizeSane varelAM - kevaLa kavitAnAM ke gadyanAM ke vivecana vizenAM; (2) sarjana-vivecananAM vividha svarUponI kRtio pragaTa karanArAM ane (3) vyApaka prakAranAM - vividha viSayanAM paNa sAhityanI mukhyatAvALAM. be-aDhI dAyakAthI cAlatuM "kavitA" AkarSaka, kaMIka vaibhavI nirmANavALuM, kavionA phoTogrApha paNa chApanAruM ne hastAkSara-vizeSAMko karanAruM, videzI kavionI kavitAnA anuvAdo paNa pragaTa karanAruM; lAkSaNika nirmANa-kauzala uparAMta sarvapriya kavitAthI lokapriya baneluM, sureza dalAla saMpAdita sAmayika che. enI sAme kaviloka' sAduM chatAM sughaDa, mudraNasajjAnI paNa sUjhavALuM, sAmpata kavitA uparAMta thoDAMka kavitAviSayaka TUMkAM, kyAreka saghana vivecanalakhANo paNa pragaTa karanAruM gujarAtI kavitAnuM Rtupatra che. varSo sudhI rAjendra zAhe e calAvyuM - pachI dhIrubhAI parIkha ne have hemaMta desAI enA saMpAdako che. sAhityasarjananA nUtana AviSkArone pramANavAnA saMkalpa sAthe bharata nAyake 1981mAM AraMbheluM gadyaparva' sarjanAtmaka gadyanuM - vizeSa navI TUMkI vArtA vizenuM - eka dhyAnAkarSaka sAmayika che. nATaka ane raMgabhUmi vizenAM sAmayiko gujarAtImAM bahu lAMbuM cAlyAM nathI - varSo pahelAM "ekAMkI' nAme eka sAmayika gulAbadAsa brokare calAveluM. hamaNAM ja "nATaka' (1998) nAme eka sAmayika hasamukha bArADInI mukhya sakriyatAthI AraMbhAyuM che e sucihna che. viSayavizeSanAM sarjanetara viSayanAM sAmayikomAM, dAyakA upara cAlIne pachI sameTAyelA, kevaLa bhASAvijJAnane viSaya karatA "bhASAvimarza' (1978-1990)no ullekha karavo ja joIe kemake e viSayanA tajjJa DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANIe e viSayanA abhyAsIone lekhana sakriya karIne jhaDapathI vikAsa pAmatA A zAstra vize ghaNI mUlyavAna sAmagrI saMpaDAvI ApI hatI. kevaLa vivecanane pragaTa karatuM esa. ena. DI. TI. yuni.nuM 'vivecana' (1982-84), ochI grAhaka-vAcaka saMkhyA asvIkArya lAgavAthI enA saMpAdaka sureza dalAle 10-12 aMko pachI sameTI lIdheluM. paraMtu A ja viSayanuM, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM "tramAsika' (1936) Aja sudhI cAlatuM rahyuM che - saMgInatAthI. sAhityavivecana-saMzodhana temaja anya vidyAzAkhAonA mAtabara ane dIrgha abhyAsalekhone pragaTa karatuM A sAmayika sAhityanA abhyAsIomAM to * A sAmayiko vizenI vigatavAra carcA mATe jijJAsuo "zodha navI dizAonI (saM. zirISa paMcAla)mAMno mAro lekha (pR. 132 thI 153) joI zake. - 2.

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gujarAtI sAhitya-sAmayiko - eka dRSTipAta D 111 ghaNuM priya che. emAM, enAM pUrA samayanAM saMpAdaka maMju jhaverInI vidhAyaka sakriyatA mahattvanuM kAraNa che. bhAratIya bhASAonA sAhityanA anuvAdanuM eka lAkSaNika sAmayika "setu' (1984) sureza jozI ane gaNeza devIe be varSa calAvyuM tene sureza jozInA avasAna pachI gaNeza devI ane zirISa paMcAle ekAda varasa calAvyuM) emAM keTaluMka sUjhapUrvakanuM, mahattvanuM kAma thayeluM. anuvAdanuM, seturUpa sAmayika hovuM anivArya gaNAya, paNa ApaNe tyAM AvAM viziSTa sAmayikonuM koI bhAvi nathI. 1886mAM "graMtha' baMdha paDyuM e pachI samIkSAnA svataMtra sAmayikanI khoTa varatAtI hatI. 1991mAM zarU thayeluM tramAsika sAmayika pratyakSa' e dizAmAM prayatnazIla che. pahelAM be varSa jayadeva zukla ane nItina mahetA sAthe hatA, ne have svataMtra rIte ramaNa sonI enuM taMtra-saMpAdana saMbhALe che. 1995mAM pragaTa thayelo eno "saMpAdakavizeSAMka' bahoLo svIkAra pAmelo, upayogI puravAra thayelo aMka hato. viSaya-vizeSanAM A sAmayikonI, pratyekanI mudrA alaga che- emanA darekanA alaga kSetre e AMkI ApelI che ne e eno vizeSa che. bIjI tarapha gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM paraba'; gujarAta sAhitya akAdamInuM "zabdasRSTi'; kSitija saMzodhana kendranuM "etad', cArutara vidyAmaMDaLanuM 'vi' tathA svataMtra sAhasarUpe cAlatAM "uddeza', tAdarthya', "kaMkAvaTI' vagere sarjana-vivecananAM vividha svarUponI kRtio pragaTa karatAM vyApaka sAhityika sAmayiko che. gujarAtImAM Aje lakhAtuM sAhitya vividha svarUpanI sAhityakRtio - A dareka sAmayikamAM lagabhaga samAna stare pragaTa thAya che. to zuM A badhAMne eka ja sAmayikanA vivartIrUpa gaNavAM ? ApaNA eka variSTha sAhityakAre kaheluM ema saMpAdakonI zakti vividha sAmayikomAM vaheMcAyelI rahe ene badale thoDAMkane sameTI laIne koI eka-be sAmayikomAM ja kendrita thavI joIe - e sAcuM valaNa, sAcI pratikriyA che ? A bAbatomAM tathya hovA chatAM, bAhya dRSTie samAna svarUpanAM, sarakhI bhUmikA bhajavatAM dekhAtAM hovA chatAM A darekanI - darekanI nahIM to moTA bhAganAMnI - mudrA nokhI nokhI che. saMsthAgata nati ane saMpAdakIya valaNa jhAjhAM vyAvartaka na hovA chatAM kaMIka dRSTibheda, kaMIka paddhatibheda to emAM dekhAya ja che. lekhakavartuLa vyApaka hovA chatAM keTalAMkamAM amuka sAhityika valaNo banAvanAra lekhakonuM jUtha juduM paNa dekhAvAnuM. eka AkhA dAyakAno samayakhaMDa

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112 sAhityika patrakAratva laIne pratyaka sAmayikamAM pragaTa thayelAM mahattvanAM kRtio-lekhonI yAdI karIne sarakhAvIe to dareka sAmayikanI vibhinna mudrAono kaMIka aMdAja Ave. trIjA prakAranAM vividha viSayonAM, paNa sAhityanI mukhyatAvALAM - sAmayikonuM pramANa have ghaTatuM cAlyuM che. ApaNAM badhAM ja mahattvanAM pUrvakAlIna sAmayiko mahadaMze AvA vyApaka prakAranAM hatAM - 'buddhiprakAza', 'sudarzana', 'vasaMta', "prasthAna', "saMskRti' Adi. "kaumudI'thI kevaLa sAhityanA sAmayikanI dizA vadhAre spaSTa thatI cAlI je svAtaMyettara sAmayikomAM vadhu kendrita banatI gaI. chatAM Aje paNa "kumAra', navanItasamarpaNa' Adi sAmayiko A prakAranAM che jemAM sAhityakRtio agrima sthAne che. sAhityika patrakAratvanI A sauthI vyApaka, khullI dizA che ke A prakAranAM sAmayikono grAhaka-vAcakavarga paNa svAbhAvika ja vadhu moTo rahevAno. ApaNAM sAhitya-sAmayikonI A paricayarekhA AchI-pAtaLI che. paNa enA parathI ApaNI sAmayika-pravRttino eka pAyAno nakazo to maLavAno ja. sAhitya vizenA, sAhityanI jIvana sAthenI nisabata vizenA dRSTikoNanI bhinnatAe ApaNA sAhityika patrakAratvane aneka-parimANI to banAvyuM ja che, bhale enAM keTalAMka parimANo kAcAM ke nabaLAM rahI gayAM hoya. saMpAdakonAM jahemata ane (khuvAra thavA sudhInI) samarpaNazIlatA, sAhityika pravRttio ane valaNo bAbatenuM emanuM netRtva, emanI yuyutsA ane samanvayazIlatA, emanI sUjha ane emanA abhinivezo, e badhAMe - bhale darekedareka saMpAdake cirakAlI prabhAva pAtharyo hoya, paNa - sAhityamAM paTa upara eka viziSTa-AkarSaka bhAta to upasAvI ja che. patrakAratvathI juduM paDI rahetuM ane vartamAnapatromAM cAlatI sAhityacarcAo karatAM vadhu prabhAvaka raheluM A sAhityika patrakAratva sAhityanI tatkSaNano hisAba ApavA uparAMta ane viziSTa AbohavA racavA uparAMta sAhityanA itihAsane racanArI paNa eka mahattvanI pIThikA banI raheluM che. * AvI tulanAsAmagrI pUrvanirdiSTa, 'zodha navI dizAonI'mAMnA lekhamAM rajU thayelI joI zakAze.

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(17) gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa D narabherAma sadAvratI gujarAtI sAptAhiko vize vicAra karatAM sarvaprathama sAta dAyakA pahelAMnA samayanI mane jhAMkhI thAya che. e vakhate mArA gAmamAM "saurASTra' nAmanA sAptAhikanI mAtra eka ja nakala corIchUpIthI AvatI. eka vepArInI dukAne paMdaravIsa mANaso ekatra thAya ane vepArI pote ja sau sAMbhaLe tema vAMce. huM paNa kutUhalathI tyAM hAjara rahuM, paNa kAMI samaja paDe nahIM. mAtra e akhabAramAMthI vAMcavAmAM Avela eka kisso mane yAda Ave che jemAM e jamAnAnA saurASTravAsI suprasiddha baeNrisTara popaTalAla cuDagare koIka sTezane sAMkaLa kheMcI Trena UbhI rakhAvI pANInI vyavasthA karavAnI sTezananA sattAvALAone pharaja pADI hatI. thoDA ja samayamAM A sAptAhika AvatuM acAnaka baMdha thaI gayuM. rANapuramAMthI sva. amRtalAla zeThanA taMtrIpade prasiddha thatuM dezI rajavADAMonI prajAnA prANapraznone vAcA ApatuM ane e rIte dezanA svAtaMtryasaMgrAmane sahAya karatuM e sAptAhika hatuM.' saurASTranAM rajavADAMoe enA para pratibaMdha mUkyo hato. A pachI jemAM amane kizorAvasthAmAM khUba ja rasa paDato ane prasiddhinA divasanI ame adhIrAIthI jenI rAha jotAM e sAptAhika hatuM 'bahurUpI'. emAM eka DiTekTiva vArtA hoya. e vArtAnAM haMmezanAM pAtromAM khAnagI DiTekTiva citragupta. eno sAthIdAra manahara ane baMnenA vizvAsu mitra polIsa inspekTara kAvasajI, aMdhArI AlamanA nAyako ke khalanAyako jhulphIkArakhAM, vAmana pahelavAna, pro. pinAkapANi, vagereno samAveza thato hato. e badhA temaja citraguptanuM muMbaInA lemiMgTana roDa paranuM nivAsasthAna Aje paNa smRtipaTa para kAyama rahyAM che. mArA jevA e vakhatanA aneka kizoro A sAptAhikanA rasiyA hatA ane rasa paNa eTalo badho ke jUnA aMko, temaja vAMcavAnA rahI gayelA aMko game tyAMthI meLavIne ame vAMcIe tyAre ja jaMpa vaLe. e paNa eka jamAno hato. bIjAM sAptAhiko kaMdAca haze, paNa e badhAM muMbaI-amadAvAda jevA zahero sudhI ja pahoMcatAM haze. amane jUnAgaDhamAM maLatAM nahIM. - tyAra pachInAM thoDAM varSo daramiyAna sva. meghANIbhAInA taMtrIpade 'phUlachAba' zarU thayuM, kaho ke "saurASTra' sAptAhika "phUlachAba' nAma dhAraNa karIne takhatA para punaH pravezya. e vakhate vaDodarAnA pustakAlayamAM jaIne saurASTranA samAcAro vAMcavA mATe 'phUlachAba'ne avazya zodhavuM paDatuM. tyAre huM vaDodarAmAM hato. dezanA svAtaMtryanI laDatane kAraNe sarjAyelA rAjakIya vAtAvaraNamAM e jamAnAmAM je koI sAptAhiko prasiddha thatAM emanuM prANatattva rAjakAraNa ja hatuM. emAM tattvajJAna

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114 | sAhityika patrakAratva hatuM, vArtAo paNa AvatI, paraMtu pradhAnasthAne to tatkAlIna rAjakAraNa - briTiza zAsana sAmenI laData. A sAptAhiko vAMcanAra moTA bhAganA bhaNelA varganuM paNa mukhyatve AvuM ja mAnasa hatuM. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA "harijanabaMdhu'nuM sthAna e jamAnAmAM AgavuM hatuM. mahAtmAjInAM lakhANo e samayano rASTrapremI varga vAMcavAnuM bhAgye ja cUkato. aMgrejone 'bhArata choDo'no sarvaprathama paDakAra A sAptAhika dvArA ja thayo ane eno dhvani dezabharamAM temaja dezanA sImADAonI bahAra prasarI rahyo. gAMdhIjInA svargavAsa pachInA 'harijanabaMdhu'mAM vaicArika kSetre kadAca jhAjho pharaka na hato, paNa svayaM gAMdhIjInA vyaktitvamAMthI vahetI thatI vicAradhArAnA prabhAva AgaLa emanA aMtevAsIo dvArA vahetI rAkhavAmAM AvelI vicAradhArA lokahRdayane bahu sparzI zakI nahIM. e vAta mAtra amuka dIkSAbaddha gAMdhIvAdIo pUratI ja sImita banI rahI. samaya palaTAyo, samayanI mAtrA palaTAI. dainiko, sAptAhiko, pAkSiko temaja mAsiko e sarvamAM kramazaH parivartana AvavA lAgyuM. mAsiko to bahudhA sAhityika hatAM, paraMtu bAkInAM lagabhaga badhAM ja mizanarI maTIne arthapradhAna banyAM. tyAgI kahevAtA netAo paNa jo arthaprAptine tyAganA badalArUpa gaNavA mAMDyA hatA to sarva prakAranAM akhabAro paNa nirbheLa arthapradhAna vyavasAya zA mATe na bane ? evA na bane to emanuM astitva paNa na ja rahe. patrakAronAM mAnasa paNa mizanarI ane AdarzavAdI maTIne arthapradhAna banyAM, kAraNa ke eoe paNa samayanI vAstavikatA vacce ja potAnAM kuTuMbone nibhAvavAnAM hatAM. palaTAyelA samayanI sAthosAtha dainikonA ravivAranA aMko sAthe sAptAhika pUrtio nIkaLavA mAMDI athavA to keTalAMka sAptAhiko dainikonI sAptAhika pUrtio banI gayAM. sAmAnya akhabArI vAcana karatAM A pUrtionuM vAcana bhinna prakAranuM rahyuM. pUrtio dainiko sAthe joDAyelAM sAmayiko samI ja hatI. Aje paNa evuM ja che. paraMtu e jamAnAmAM pUrtionAM paNa Adarzo ane mAnavamUlyo pradhAna sthAne hatAM. pUrtiomAM dezaparadezanI rAjakIya ghaTanAonI samIkSAo thatI, saLaMga vArtAo paNa pragaTa thavA lAgI ane vividha viSayo paranA mAhitIprada lekho paNa prasiddha thavA lAgyA. strIo ane bALako mATenA vibhAgo paNa dekhAvA lAgyA. sinemA aMgenI mAhitI ane enI samIkSAo paNa dhIre dhIre akhabAronAM anivArya aMgo banI gaI. svataMtra sine-sAptAhika tarIke sarvaprathama prAkaTya 'citrapaTa'nuM thayuM hatuM. e pachI ene pagale bIjAM udbhavyAM ane AthamyAM, navAM zarU thayAM ane e ghaTamALa cAlu rahI. samayanI gati vadhu teja banI ane tenA pariNAmarUpa Aje sArI saMkhyAmAM gujarAtI sAptAhiko pragaTa thaI rahyAM che. bhAratano sAmAnya manuSya paNa vadhAre vAMcato thayo. viSayavaividhyanuM phalaka paNa vadhu ne vadhu vistaratuM gayuM. enA pariNAme gujarAtanI jema bhAratanI badhI ja bhASAomAM temaja aMgrejI bhASAmAM aneka

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gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa Na 115 sAptAhiko prasiddha thaI rahyAM che. keTalAMka sAptAhiko pUrNata: rAjakAraNa ane arthakAraNane mahattva Ape che. to bIjAM ghaNAM rAjakAraNane pradhAna sthAne rAkhIne anya viSayone sthAna Ape che. keTalAMka baMnenI samatulA jALave che. hiMdI bhASAmAM prasiddha thatAM "dharmayuga" ane "sAptAhika hiMdustAna' jevAM sAptAhikone emanuM potAnuM viziSTa vyaktitva che. amerikana sAptAhiko 'TAima' ane 'nyUjhavIke paNa bhAratanuM bajAra ThIka ThIka sara karyuM che. aMgrejI ane bIjI bhASAonA sAptAhiko temaja viziSTa viSayo paranAM anya sAmayiko A bhASAo bolatA ane samajatA loko to vAMce ja, paraMtu ApaNAM AjanAM pramukha gaNAtAM gujarAtI sAptAhiko mATe ghaNo badho khorAka paNa teo pUro pADe che. A sthitie ApaNane parAvalaMbI karI mUkyA che. A joIne mane vicAra paNa Ave che ke A sAptAhiko jo ekasAmaTAM becAra aThavADiyAM prasiddha ja na thAya to athavA emAMnAM "masAledAra' sAptAhiko thoDo samaya baMdha paDI jAya to gujarAtanAM sAptAhikonI zI vale thAya ? kAraNa mAtra e ja ke saMdarbhagraMtho- vividha viSayo paranA-no abhAva che. A vidhAna anekane khUMce evuM che, paraMtu hakIkatano inkAra karI ja zakAya tema nathI. ahIM baheno ane bALako mATenAM tathA sinemAgRSTinAM sAptAhikone meM A carcAmAMthI bAkAta rAkhyAM che. sAptAhikono phelAvo emanI guNavattA nakkI nathI karato. phelAvo vadhAravAmAM dhaMdhAkIya kuneha ane sUjha mukhya kAma kare che. ochA phelAvAvALAM sAmayikonI guNavattA UMcI hoI zake che ane ApaNe tyAM paNa A hakIkata joI zakAya che. Ama chatAM guNavattA" zabdane paNa aneka saMdarbhamAM tapAsavo paDe evI sthiti che. ahIM eka prazna thAya che ke dainika, sAptAhika ke anya koI paNa prakAranAM prakAzananA taMtrIpade patrakAra na hoya evI koI paNa vyakti rahe e vAjabI gaNAya ? A prazna koInI paNa aMgata TIkA mATe nathI karavAmAM Avyo, paraMtu lokonI bhramaNA dUra karavAno hetu emAM rahelo che. taMtrIpade beThelI vyakti mAtra mAlikIne kAraNe ja, potAnuM ke potAnA parivAranI koI paNa vyaktinuM nAma taMtrI tarIke Aje mUkI zake che. AmAM mAlika tarIkeno adhikAra mukhya che, patrakAra tarIkenI guNavattA nahIM. Akhare dainika, sAptAhika ke mAsika taiyAra karavAnuM kAma to sAcA patrakAranuM ja che. akhabAra para taMtrI tarIke je koI vyaktinuM nAma chapAya ane e vAMcIne duniyA enA pratye ahobhAva vyakta karatI rahe te pote patrakAra na hoya ane sAcA patrakAra ke prakAzananA sAcA sarjakane koI oLakhe paNa nahIM e eka moTI chetarapiMDI nathI? duniyAne nItimattAnA upadeza ApanAra akhabAronA pAyAmAM ja chetarapiMDI hoya e vicitra nathI lAgatuM ? to chetarapiMDInA pAyA para racAyelI imArato paNa kevI hoya te samajavuM muzkela nathI. A mAruM prAmANika vidhAna che, chatAM bIjo prazna paNa thAya che ke zuM mAlikIsthAne hoya to ja te vadhu sAruM dainika, sAptAhika ke anya koI prakAranuM vadhu sAruM sAmayika

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113 | sAhityika patrakAratva sarjI zake ? nA, sarvatra evuM na paNa bane. patrakAroe paNa AvAM prakAzano zarU karyA ane teo niSphaLatAmAM gayAM evAM udAharaNo ApaNe jANIe chIe. ahIM sAcI vAta to e che ke AvA sAhasika patrakAro pAse sAdhano nathI. sAdhanasaMpanna patrakAra mAlikIsthAne paNa zobhe ane te sArAM prakAzana pragaTa karI paNa zake, paraMtu je patrakAra na hoya evI vyaktinuM nAma taMtrIpade mUkavAmAM Ave e kadAca ApaNAM ja dezamAM banI zakatuM haze. sAptAhikonI guNavattAne mUlavatAM prathama to e kahevuM ja rahyuM ke ApaNe tyAM sastA mArgo ja apanAvAyA che - apanAvAtA rahyA che. je viSaya pasaMda karavAmAM Ave tenuM svataMtra anveSaNa, vizleSaNa ane e bannenA navanItarUpa rajUAta ApaNe tyAM thatI nathI. sIdhAM bhASAMtaro ke rUpAMtaro, anya sAmayikomAMnI tasavIro sArI rIte hoya to tenAM kaTiMgonA blaoNko, vagere ApaNAM sAptAhikomAM pradhAna sthAna bhogavI rahyAM che. je viSayo paratve svataMtra mahenata karavAmAM Ave che e kAM to chIcharA hoya che athavA to enA paranI mahenata adhUrI hoya che. lakhanAra potAnI AvaData dvArA eka lekha Ubho karI zake, paraMtu viSayane e nyAya to na ja ApI zake. keTalAMka aMgrejI emaja bhAratIya bhASAonAM sAmayikomAM prAraMbhe temanA taMtrIthI mAMDIne vividha viSayo paranA niSNAto, lekhako, vRttAMtanivedako, salAhakAro vagere nAmAvalio prasiddha karavAmAM Ave che. ATalI moTI saMkhyAnA sarjako ane temAMya vaLI moTA bhAganA sTAphanA ja mANaso hoya che teo je sAmayika sAthe joDAyelA hoya emAM kacAza dekhAya ja kyAMthI ? tyAM taMtrI pote patrakAra ja hoya che. mAlika koNa che tenI sAmAnya vAcakane to bhAgye ja khabara paDe che. mAlika to potAnA sthAna para besIne taMtrInI mAga anusAra kharca karavAmAM kaMI bAkI rAkhato nathI. akhabAronAM pAnAM paranA viSayo sAthe athavA anyatra patrakAronAM ja nAma camake che. ApaNe tyAM to sTApha paranA patrakAranuM sAcuM nAma prasiddha na thAya evI ghaNe sthaLe "kALajI" rAkhavAmAM Ave che. sTApha parano patrakAra prasiddhi meLavI potAnuM mUlya vadhAre e ghaNAM mAlikone gamatuM nathI. ApaNAM sAmayikomAM paNa kyAMya nAma prasiddha karavAnI udAratA dAkhavavAmAM Ave to paNa e nAma bahudhA anya kyAMyathI uddhata karelA pheraphAravALA lekhanI sAthe haze. A viSayanI carcA ahIM eTalA mATe karI che ke te sAmayikanA pAyAmAM paDelo che. emAM eka prakAranuM zoSaNa paNa raheluM che. zoSaNathI mukta akhabAranI khumArI ja anokhI hoya che. Aje sAptAhikonuM prakAzana ghaNuM moMghu paNa thaI gayuM che. kAgaLa, zAhI, pagAro, vagere uparAMta paNa bIjA ghaNA kharcA anivArya banI rahe - jo sAptAhikanI guNavattA vadhAravI hoya to. kyAMya eka ghaTanA bane pachI e rAjakIya hoya ke anya prakAranI, paraMtu jo enAM vividha pAsAMono abhyAsa karIne vistRta rajUAta karavI hoya to enI pAchaLa ghaNo moTo kharca karavo paDe. viSayanA anveSaNamAM paDelA

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gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa 117 patrakArane saMtoSajanaka mahenatANuM to ApavuM paDe, paraMtu ghaTanAsthaLe javA mATe temaja tyAM kAmagIrI bajAvavA mATe paNa kharca karavo paDe. A rIte taiyAra thayelA lekhonI guNavattA ApoApa khIlI UThe che ane te lokone AkarSI zake che. enuM hIra chAnuM rahetuM nathI. alabatta dhaMdhAkIya kuneha to phelAvo vadhAravA mATe anivArya ja che. A kuneha na hoya to game tevo sAro mAla jema grAhaka sudhI pahoMcI zakato nathI, tema sAmayikonI bAbatamAM paNa bane che. | gujarAtI sAptAhiko vize hajI ghaNI lAMbI carcA thaI zake ema che, paraMtu samayanI maryAdAne mAna ApIne tenuM samApana have e rIte ja karI zakAya ke ApaNAM sAptAhikomAM maulikatA ochI che. maulikatA lAvavA mATe ghaNI ochI mahenata karavAmAM Ave che. jyAM mahenata thAya che tyAM dhaMdhAkIya sUjha ke sAdhano ochAM che. A kAraNe ochI guNavattAvALAM sAmayiko vadhu pholI zake che ane guNavattAvALAM sAdhano pAchaLa rahI jAya che. vAcako amuka mAge che mATe amuka ja prakAranuM sAhitya Ave evI dalIla vyartha che, vAstavamAM vAcako sAmethI kazuM ja mAgatA nathI. emane to je kaMI ApavAmAM Ave che e ja teo le che. je sAhityano vadhu svIkAra thato dekhAya emAM vAcakonA amuka vargano cokkasa mAnasika stara paNa kAma karato hoya che, paraMtu jo emanI samakSa paNa sonuM rajU karavAmAM Avaze to kathIra pAchaLanI enI doDa e avazya thaMbhAvI deze. hiMdanI ApaNI bIjI bhASAonI patrakArInuM paNa adhyayana thavuM joIe. ane ethI AgaLa jaIne ApaNAM patroe hiMdanA bIjA pradezonA vRttasAhitya sAthe satata saMsarga rAkhI emane viSe khabaro ApavI joIe. e meLavavA mATe niranirALA pradezamAM rahetAM gujarAtI bhAI-bahenonI madada levA uparAMta, dezI bhASAonAM patromAM paNa AvI levaDadevaDano bhAIcAro racAvo joIe. to ja hiMdanA lokajIvanamAM dekhAtI vibhaktatAmAM je eka avibhaktatA rahelI che, tenAM ApaNe darzana karatA thaIzuM ane tene jIvaMta saMskAra rUpe khIlavI zakIzuM. AthI karIne patrakAra sAhityakAra karatAM lokazikSakanA birudane vadhAre yogya bane che. patra dvArA lokazikSaNa ApavAnI kaLAnI tAlIma ApaNe hiMdustAnamAM badhI bhASAonA sahakArathI khIlavavI joIe." - maganabhAI desAI (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA 19mA adhivezananA patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI Apela vyAkhyAnamAMthI)

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sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha // kumArapALa desAI sAhitya ane patrakAratva e baMneno udgama bhASAkIya abhivyaktine rUpe thAya che. sarjaka potAnA hRdayanI tIvra anubhUtine kalpanAno opa ApIne bhASAnA mAdhyama dvArA navonmeSa pragaTAve che, jyAre patrakAranuM mukhya kArya mAhitI ke vicAranuM saMkramaNa sAdhavAnuM che. sAhityano saMpUrNa jhoka sarjakanI abhivyakti 52 che. mAhitI pIrasavA jevI bhautika upayogitA para enI najara noMdhAyelI hotI nathI. sAhitya janasamUhamAM pratiSThA pAme to e tenI yogyatAnuM pramANa che ema haMmezAM banatuM nathI, jyAre akhabArI lakhANamAM to vAcakasamUha dvArA thatI svIkRti e tenuM sauthI moTuM pramANapatra manAya che. 18 Ama, sAhitya ane patrakAratva baMneno abhigama taddana nirALo hovA chatAM baMne vacce bhASAnI samAna bhUmikA rahelI che. bhASA para jeTalo haka sAhityano che, eTalo ja adhikAra bIjAM sAmUhika prasAraNanAM mAdhyamono che. temAM paNa akhabArano to savizeSa che. reDiyomAM zabdanI sAthe avAjanuM avalaMbana levAmAM Ave che. TelivijhanamAM zabda dazya ane avAja baMneno sAtha le che. nATakamAM abhinaya che, paraMtu akhabAramAM to mAtra chApelA zabdanI sahAyathI ja patrakAre dhArelI asara upajAvavAnI ane upasAvavAnI che. bhASAnA mAdhyama dvArA sAhityakAra AtmAbhivyaktino uddeza sAdhe che, jyAre vartamAnapatrano uddeza mAtra vAcaka sAthe 'kaoNmyunikezana' sAdhavAno che. je joyuM ke je sAMbhaLyuM e vAcakanA citta sudhI pahoMcADavuM e ja patrakAranA kAryanI itizrI che. Ama sAhityamAM AtmAbhivyakti ane eka rIte AtmalakSitAnuM tattva pravarte che jyAre vartamAnapatramAM vastunuM sacoTa Alekhana mukhya hoya che. AtmalakSitAne temAM bhAgye ja koI avakAza hoya che. phoTogrAphanI jema hUbahU chabI pUrI pADavI e vartamAnapatrano uddeza hoya che. sAhityakAra bhASAthI sauMdaryAnubhUti ane sauMdaryabodha karAve che, jyAre patrakA2 bhASAnA mAdhyamathI yathArtha darzana ke sacoTa asarano hetu sAdhe che. A bhedanuM kAraNa e che ke sAhityakAra ane patrakA2no kImiyo taddana judo che. sAhityakAra zabdano baMdo che, to patrakAra zabdano sodAgara che. sAhityakAra zabdane pratIka tarIke vApare che, jyAre patrakArane mATe zabda e sIdhuM vAhana banI jAya che. eka rIte kahIe to, patrakAra zabdano sthULa upayoga kare che, sAhityakAra teno sUkSma upayoga karI jANe che. jeTale aMze patrakAra zabdane pratIka tarIke vAparato thAya, teTale aMze enA

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sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha | 119 lakhANamAM sAhityika tattva Ave che. potAnA lakhANane sAhityika sparza ApavA mATe patrakAra zabdane kalpanAno sparza ApIne teno pratIkAtmaka upayoga kare che. vartamAnapatramAM pragaTa thayelo lekha e sAhitya che evI jADI gaNatarI sAmAnya rIte pravarte che. AnuM kAraNa e che ke sAhitya ne patrakAratva baMnenuM mAdhyama bhASA che. bhASAnI abhivyakti mATe baMne sabhAna prayatno karatA hoya che ane nirUpaNanI khUbIo meLavavAno paNa sAhityakAra ane patrakArano prayAsa hoya che. sAhityakAra vAstavika paristhitine potAnI anubhUtimAM rasIne mUke che, jyAre patrakArane evuM karavAnuM hotuM nathI. AthI patrakAranA lakhANanI kiMmata samAcArarUpa vastunA tAjA vAcanamAM rahelI che, jyAre sAhityanI asara saMvedana jAgrata karavA rUpe hovAne lIdhe e ciraMjIva hoya che. tethI sAhitya jyAre vAMco tyAre tAjagIno anubhava karAve che. AjanA samAcAra AvatI kAle vAsI bane che. paNa kavitA kyAreya vAsI banatI nathI. vartamAnapatranI tatkALa asara ghaNI moTI thAya che, AthI ja prajAmAM moTAM AMdolano UbhAM karavAmAM, krAMti lAvavAmAM, lokazAhIne susthita karavAmAM ke jivADavAmAM vartamAnapatra agatyanuM paribaLa gaNAya che. bhASAnA vikAsa sAthe jeTalo sAhityane saMbaMdha che, teTalo ja balake enAthI vizeSa saMbaMdha patrakAratvane che. vartamAnapatre potAnA upayoga mATe bhASAne viziSTa rIte khIlavI che. citrAtmakatA, uddhodhana, bhAvasabharatA, jusso - A badhAMnI vartamAnapatrane jarUra paDe. AthI bhASAne eNe e rIte khIlavavA prayAsa karyo che. eka rIte to abhivyakti mATe sAhityakAra karatAM paNa patrakArane satata paDakAra jhIlavAno hoya che. navalakathAmAM rAjadarabAranuM varNana karavAnuM hoya, to "sarasvatIcaMdra' bhAga1mAM AvatuM bhUpasiMhanA darabAranuM varNana yAda karIe; paraMtu patrakArane to A duniyAmAM vakhatovakhata thatA judA-judA rAjyAbhiSekonA ahevAlo lakhavAnA Ave che. nepALanA rAjAno ke iMglenDanI rANInA rAjyAbhiSeka vakhate taddana virodhI paristhitiono eNe sAmano karavAno hoya che. ethIye vizeSa keTalAka banAvo evA bane che ke je patrakAranI kalamanI, enI nirUpaNazaktinI agniparIkSA banI rahe che. mAnavI avakAzamAM cAlyo ke mAnavI caMdranI dharatI para Utaryo e ghaTanA ane enA romAMcane sAkAra karavA patrakAranuM zabdasamarthya kasoTIe caDhe che. tenAmAM rahelI sarjakatA abhivyakti vakhate enI madade Ave che. prathama aNubombathI sarjAyelo mAnavasaMhAra batAvavA mATe ke bhAratanA aNuprayoganI jagatane jANa karavA mATe patrakArane khUba parizrama kheDavo paDe che. prajAmAnasa para tatkALa asara karavA mATe patrakAratvane jozIlI ane baLakaTa

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120 | sAhityika patrakAratva bhASAnI jarUra paDe che. AmAM taLapadI bhASA vadhu kAma ApI zake. te sahelAIthI coTadAra banatI hovAthI akhabAro taLapadI bhASAno khUba upayoga kare che. Ama janatA sAthe komyunikezana' sAdhavA mATe A anivArya paNa che. bIjI bAju saMskRtamaya zailI dharAvatuM hoI akhabAra ApaNe tyAM jovA nahIM maLe. evuM valaNa dharAvatuM akhabAra bahu lokapriya paNa na nIvaDe. vaLI jarUriyAta pramANe akhabAra potAnI AgavI paribhASA paNa UbhI karI le che. sAhityika lakhANa ane akhabAranI lakhANano bheda e che ke sAhitya e kalAnI sabhAnatA ane gaMbhIratAthI sarjelo kasaba che, jyAre patrakAranuM lakhANa e evA kArIgarano kasaba che ke je gaMbhIra ane jAgrata hovA chatAM kalAnI sabhAnatA dAkhavI zakato nathI. akhabArI lakhANane chApAnI jhaDapa ane samayanI maryAdA sAthe tAla se kadama milAvavAnA hoya che. akhabArI lekhana para eka evo AkSepa karavAmAM Ave che ke enuM khUba jhaDapI utpAdana thatuM hoya che, paraMtu jhaDapathI lakhavuM te koI AsAna bAbata nathI. A mATe lakhanAra pAse viSayanuM vaividhya ane zailI pAsethI dhAryuM kAma kaDhAvavAnI AvaData hovAM joIe. methya Arnalle patrakAratvane 'utAvaLe lakhAyeluM sAhitya' (Literature written in a hurry) kahyuM che. patrakArane sAhityakAra jeTalI nirAMte lakhavAnI anukULatA hotI nathI. enA para samayano takAdo hoya che. sAhityamAM jeTalI abhivyaktinI mokaLAza, pasaMdagInuM vaividhya ane prayogazIlatA hoya che eTalI patrakAratvamAM nathI. kAraNa ke patrakArane potAnA "bajAranI mAMgano satata khyAla rAkhavo paDe che. Ama chatAM sAhityamAM vartamAnapatra Ave che, enA karatAM vartamAnapatramAM sAhitya vizeSa Ave che. AthI ja patrakAratva e sAhityika racanAnuM pravezadvAra gaNAya che. kAraNa ke enI pAsethI lekhakane Avazyaka pUrvabhUmikA ane tAlIma maLI rahe che. ghaNA khyAtanAma sarjako pahelAM patrakAro hatA ane pachI prasiddha lekhako banyA. akhabAranuM moTA bhAganuM lakhANa samayanI phremamAM maDhAyeluM hoya che. Ano artha evo nathI ke akhabAramAM AvatuM badhuM lakhANa prAsaMgika ane kSaNajIvI hoya che. bIjI rIte vicArIe to sAhityamAM paNa keTaluM sarjana ciraMjIva hoya che ? kALanA pravAhamAM keTalI badhI kRtio vismRtithI vIMTaLAI gaI hoya che ! AthI ema kahI zakAya ke sAhityanA utkRSTa sarjananI mAphaka patrakAranuM ucca koTinuM lakhANa paNa ciraMjIva bane che. ghaNI vAra AjanuM akhabArI lekhana AvatI kAlanuM sAhitya banatuM hoya che. cArlsa DikansanI vikhyAta navalakathA "A Tale of Two Cities' pahelAM "All the Year Round" nAmanA sAmayikamAM pragaTa thaI hatI. vakhata jatAM ene sAhitya

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sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha | 121 tarIke svIkAravAmAM AvI. vaLI patrakAratva pAsethI lekhakone uttama kakSAnI tAlIma maLe che. emAMthI sAMpaDelA AtmavizvAsane pariNAme keTalAke manorama sAhityasarjana karyuM che. chellA be saikAmAM iMglenDamAM ghaNA patrakAroe ucca kakSAnuM sAhityasarjana karyuM che. AmAM Deniyala DIpho, josepha eDisana, ricArDa sTIla, jonAthana sviphTa, cArlsa Dikansa, rUDayArDa kipliga, ArnolDa beneTa, jhaoNna gAllavardhI, jI. ke. cesTaraTana, eca. jI. velsa, jyorja barnArDa zaoN, Arthara kvIlara kUca, jI. ke. prile, rebekA vesTa vagereno samAveza thAya che. amerikAmAM paNa elekjhAnDara hemilTana, viliyama brAnTa, heriyaTa sTova, mArka Tveina, arnesTa hemiMgyuM ane haoNna sTAinabeka jevA samartha sAhityasarjakoe potAnA lekhanano prAraMbha akhabArI lakhANathI karyo hato. 1932nA jAnyuArInA 'Fortnightly Review'mAM jANItA lekhaka Aivara brAuna lakhe che : sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacce khAsa koI pAyAno taphAvata nathI. mAtra amuka samayane aMtare pragaTa thavAne kAraNe patrakAratvamAM alpajIvitA hoya che. sAhityanA pustakanI bAMdhaNI pAkI hoya che ane bIjAnI kAcI hoya che. vaLI keTalAka loko gapasapane suciMtita kRtinI sAthe bheLavI daIne patrakAratva pratye sUga darzAve che ane keTalAka to eka ke be AnAmAM te maLatuM hoya che eTale ene halakuM gaNe che." e hakIkata che ke akhabAranA sAmAnya kAgaLa paranAM ghaNAM lakhANoe pustakanuM AgavuM rUpa dhAraNa karyuM che. e sAmayiko adRzya thaI gayAM hoya, paraMtu e lakhANo pustakanA sthAyI rUpamAM hajI paNa AnaMda pAme che. Ama, patrakAratva e sAhityanI sAmagrI dharAvatuM eka prAthamika rUpa che. gherA raMga (Loud Colours) ane kaMIka aMze sthULa (Crude) svarUpa dharAvatuM patrakAratva sAhityanI kAcI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. | gujarAtamAM sAmAnya rIte akhabArI lakhANa eTale sAhityathI halakuM lakhANa evo pUrvagraha pravartato jovA maLe che. e lakhANane chApALavI zailI' kahIne ghaNI vAra utArI pADavAmAM Ave che. jhaDapathI pragaTa thatAM akhabAromAM zailInI sughaDatA ke joDaNInI zuddhi vize pUratI takedArI rAkhavAmAM AvatI nathI. paraMtu A doSane najaramAM rAkhIne akhabAramAM pragaTa thatAM lakhANone utArI pADavA e yogya gaNAya nahIM. zrI kanaiyAlAla munazInI prasiddha navalakathA 'pATaNanI prabhutA' pahelAM "vIsamI sadI" mAsikamAM haptAvAra pragaTa thaI hatI. zrI jhaveracaMda meghANInA ghaNA sAhityanI gaMgotrI dainika patrakAratva che. lokamAnya TiLaka, mahAtmA gAMdhIjI, kizoralAla mazarUvALA, kAkA kAlelakara, AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruva, umAzaMkara jozI jevAnA

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122 D sAhityika patrakAratva vividha sAmayikomAM pragaTa thayelA lekho pustakAkAre jovA maLe che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM navalakathAkAro dainika dvArA AgaLa AvyA che. guNavaMtarAya AcArya, cunIlAla va. zAha, zivakumAra jozI, Izvara peTalIkara, mohammada mAMkaDa, viThThala paMDyA, sAraMga bAroTa ane zayadA jevA ghaNA navalakathAkAroe akhabAramAM lakhIne potAnI sarjana-pravRttino prAraMbha karyo che. zrI sureza joSInI 'mAnavInAM mana' jevI kaoNlama zuddha sAhityika baranIM hovA chatAM temAM pratibiMbita saMvedanAne kAraNe rocaka vAcana pUruM pADe che. 'prajAbaMdhu'nI sAhityacarcA, 'gujarAtI'nI sAhityapUrtinI saLaMga zreNI, 'janmabhUmi'no 'kalama ane kitAba' vibhAga temaja 'saMskRti', 'kumAra', 'graMtha' ane 'navacetana' jevAM sAmayikoe karelI sAhityasevA bhUlI zakAze nahIM. akhabAra e sAmUhika prasAraNanAM mAdhyamomAMnuM eka gaNAya che, tema chatAM e sAhitya sAthe atyaMta nikaTano saMbaMdha dharAve che. je patra sAhityika dRSTie vadhu sughaDa ane vadhu rocaka vAcana pUruM pADe te UMcI koTinuM ema atyAre paNa manAya che. sAmagrI vartamAnapatranI hoya, vartamAnapatra mATe hoya chatAM e sAmagrIne sAhityika ghATa ApavAno patrakArano satata prayatna hoya che. patrakAratvanA vikAsa sAthe paNa sAhitya saMkaLAyeluM rahyuM che. 'navacetana'nA taMtrIzrI cAMpazIbhAI udezIne sAhitya ane patrakAratva vaccenA saMbaMdha aMge prazna pUchatAM temaNe Avo uttara Apyo hato : "kharuM jotAM to patrakAratva e sAhityano ja eka prakAra che. paNa e prakAra eka rIte prAsaMgika ane alpajIvI hoIne sAhityanA anyAnya prakAro jeTaluM mahattva ene na apAya e svAbhAvika che. sAhityanuM AyuSya jeTaluM vadhAre eTaluM adakuM enuM mUlya. eTale ja ApaNe sAmAnyataH patrakAratvane sAhitya lekhatA nathI. sAhityano mULa artha che 'sAdhana'. e mULa arthAnusAra patrakAratva paNa janatAne sAMprata pravAhothI paricita rAkhavAnuM sAdhana che. paNa patrano pratyeka aMka jhaDapabhera taiyAra karavAno hoIne e taiyAra karatI veLA sAhityanI ciraMjIvatAnI dRSTi rAkhavI pAlavatI nathI, Ama chatAM have vartamAnapatro paNa sAhityano yoga sAdhatAM thayAM che. patrakArane sAhityano jeTalo vadhu sparza teTale aMze e vadhAre sArI rIte rajUAta karI zake ema huM mAnuM chuM. sAhityanA lezamAtra sparza vinAnuM patrakAratva mIThA vinAnA bhojana jevuM lekhAya." sAhityakAra patrakAratvane kaI rIte samRddha karI zake teno suMdara dAkhalo sva. jhaveracaMda meghANIe pUro pADyo che. sAhityanI phoramane vartamAnapatramAM mUkIne, temaja sAhityanI mUlyavattAne saheje hAni pahoMcADyA vinA sAhityika sugaMdhavALI, haLavAzabharI, pAsAdAra bhASAno emaNe prayoga karyo che. 1941mAM amadAvAdamAM

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sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha 123 komI ramakhANa thayAM tyAre jhaveracaMda meghANIe tejasvI zailIvALA lokonAM hRdaya para sacoTa chApa pADe tevA lekho ApyA hatA. chello kaToro', hajAro varSanI jUnI ane "mADI tAro beTaDo Ave, AzAhIna ekalo Ave' e gAMdhIjI goLamejI pariSadamAMthI pAchA AvyA tyAre lakheluM kAvya tenAM ciraMjIva dRSTAMto che. 1969mAM gAMdhI zatAbdInA varSamAM AvAM ramakhANa thayAM tyAre karasanadAsa mANeke "zatAbdIno jalaso juo jhaLahaLe che!' evuM kAvya ApyuM hatuM. Avo banAva bane tyAre kvacituM sAhityakAra AkhuM pustaka racAya teTalI rAha joto nathI. prasaMganI tatkALa abhivyakti mATe akhabArano Azaro le che. A dRSTie patrakAratva e sAhityanI sAmagrI dharAvatuM enuM prAthamika rUpa che. sAhitya patrakAratvane aNagamAnI najare jue che, enuM eka kAraNa patrakAra upayogamAM leto bhASAnA gherA raMgo (Loud colours) che. vAcaka para tAtkAlika asara UbhI karavA mATe te atizayoktino Azraya le che. e patrakAratvanI moTI kamajorI che. "The Times" ane "gArDiyana' jevAM akhabAro zabdanI abhivyaktimAM je samatolapaNuM rAkhe che te dhaDo levA jevAM che. Ama chatAM patrakAratva sAhityanI kAcI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. vartamAnapatronuM anubhavavizva asIma che. nyUjha sTorI', sAmAjika banAvo, rAjakIya paristhiti, dezavidezamAM banatA vilakSaNa banAvo- Ama vartamAnapatre potAno pathAro eTalo vizALa banAvyo che ke enAthI sAhitya paNa aLaguM rahI zakyuM nathI. ghaNI navalakathAonuM kathAvastu, pAtro, emAMnAM samAjacitro ane enuM seTiMga - AmAMthI keTalIka sAmagrI vartamAnapatramAMthI sIdhI lIdhI hoya athavA tenI sIdhI asara dharAvatI lAge che. sAhityakAranI sAmagrInuM eka mahattvanuM sAdhana vartamAnapatra banyuM che. rojiMdA jIvananuM avalokana, svAnubhava, itihAsa, vijJAna ane bIjAnA anubhavo jevAM sAmagrI meLavavAnAM anya sAdhano sarjaka pAse che paNa sAhityanuM mUlya sAmagrI parathI aMkAtuM nathI, jyAre vartamAnapatranuM mUlya sAmagrI parathI aMkAya che. vartamAnapatramAM vedhaka rajUAta ane sacoTa zailI hoya che. paNa te haMmezAM 'sensezanala' sAmagrInI zodhamAM rahe che. sAhitya mATe AvI sAmagrInI anivAryatA nathI. rojanA jIvana sAthe saMparka rahe te mATe vartamAnapatrane enI jarUriyAta lagabhaga anivArya che. zAzvata sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhavA mATe sAhityanI jarUra che. vartamAnapatramAM jovA maLatuM zAzvata sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhI ApanAruM sAhitya apavAdarUpa che. sAhitya vartamAnapatrathI jalakamalavat kadI rahI zakavAnuM nathI. bIjI bAju sAhitya vinA vartamAnapatro khoDaMgAtAM khoDaMgAtAM paNa cAlaze, paraMtu emano avagamanano - kaoNmyunikezanano - dharma bajAvavAmAM pUrAM saphaLa nahIM thAya. AthI ja AjanAM

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124 | sAhityika patrakAratva vartamAnapatroe mAtra samAcAra ApIne besI rahevAne badale potAnI vastusAmagrIne vadhu sAhityika phorama ApavA prayAsa karyo che. AmAM sAhityasvarUpone custa vaLagI rahevAne badale potAnI jarUriyAta pramANe akhabAroe keTalAka maulika umerA kya che. A mATe ApaNAM akhabAromAM AvatAM "AjanI vAta' jevAM saMvAdanA kaoNlamanuM dRSTAMta joIe. ahIM nATakanA sAhityasvarUpamAM prayojAtA saMvAdane akhabAre potAnI AgavI rIte upayogamAM laI lIdho che. kaTAkSalekhomAM samarma hAsyarasa (Humour) vizeSa hoya che, jyAre akhabAromAM pragaTa thatI kaTAkSikAomAM narmayukta vAkacAturI (Wit) vizeSa hoya che. hAsyalekhomAM manuSyanI vRtti para hAsya hoya che, jyAre akhabAramAM pragaTa thatI kaTAkSikAomAM tatkALa banatI ghaTanAone vaNIne vyakti, pakSa ke saMsthA para ghaNI vAra kaTAkSa pheMkAto hoya che. AvI ja rIte sAhityanI TUMkI vArtAe akhabArI satyakathA ke samAja kathAnuM rUpa dhAraNa karyuM che. potAnI maryAdAmAM rahIne paNa sauthI vizeSa akhabArI nibaMdhanA kalAsvarUpane AtmasAt karavAno prayatna karyo che. zrI karasanadAsa mANeka, "nArada ane veNIbhAI purohita jevAoe jUnA AkhyAna ke chappAnA padyasvarUpane judA ja hetu mATe vartamAnapatranI sevAmAM lIdhuM che. emaNe padyasvarUpane badalyuM che eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu emAM vartamAnapatrane reDyuM che. prajAnI bhASA jeTalI vikasita hoya, eTaluM enuM sAhitya vikasita hoya che. enA patrakAratva mATe paNa A vAta eTalI ja sAcI che. bhASAnA vikAsa mATe jeTalo sAhityane saMbaMdha che teTalo ja akhabArane saMbaMdha che. yuropanA AjanA sAhityane vartamAnapatroe puSkaLa navIna ane Adhunika zabdo ApyA che. tyAMthI Aja kAlanI navalakathAo ane nATakomAM vartamAnapatronA zabdaprayogono gharakhama upayoga thAya che. kamanasIbe ApaNe tyAM sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacceno setu barAbara racAyo nathI. sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA sahiyArA kSetramAM Aje kaTokaTI UbhI thaI che. duniyAmAM je banI rahyuM che, tene jhIlavA mATe prAdezika bhASAmAM akhabAro pAse sAdhano khUTI gayAM che. ene joIe tevA zabdo maLatA nathI. upamA, alaMkAra, kahevato, rUDhiprayogo ane vAkyaracanAo vagere jUnAM thaI gayAM hovAthI navI paristhitinuM pratibimba pADavAmAM te moLAM paDe che. aMgrejI patrakAratvanI zAbAzI ApavA jevI pravRtti e che ke, potAnA vaparAzI zabdakoSanI niraMtara kAyApalaTa karyA kare che. ati vaparAzane kAraNe ghasAI gayelA zabdone kADhI nAkhIne pracalita zabdaprayogo, lokabolInA zabdaprayogo, navIna sAhityaracanAomAMthI sAMpaDelA navA zabdo-alaMkAro, temaja vijJAnanI anekavidha zAkhAonA zabdaprayogo paNa akhabArI bhASAmAM levAya che.

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sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha 125 patrakAro pote paNa navA zabdo yojatA hovAthI aMgrejI akhabAronI bhASA haMmezAM tAjI, pho2madAra ane baLakaTa lAge che, jyAre gujarAtI vartamAnapatronI bhASA A rIte vikasI zakI nathI. AmAM paNa vijJAna, TeknaoNlaoNjI, arthazAstra vageree ApaNI bhASAkIya kaTokaTI ghaNI vadhArI dIdhI che. mAnavIe pahelI vAra evaresTa zikhara para ArohaNa karyuM ke kampUciyAmAM hRdayavidAraka duSkALa paDyo - jevA banAvone to jUnAM bhASAkIya sAdhanothI kaMIka nyAya ApI zakAya, paraMtu AjakAlanI duniyAmAM moTo bhAga to vijJAna, TeknaoNlaoNjI, arthakAraNa, meDisIna vagere roke che. A mATe ApaNI pAse zabdabhaMDoLa nathI. jema ke kAnUnI bhASAmAM 'Aims and Objects', arthazAstramAM eka bAju 'Inflation' ane bIjI bAju 'Stagnation' thatuM hoya to ene mATe aMgrejImAM 'Stagflation' zabda maLe che. eno gujarAtI paryAya zo ? AvI ja rIte vijJAnamAM 'Fast Breeder Reactor' zabda che. evI ja rIte bhArate jAherAta karI ke aNuzaktimAM bhArata 'Blast' karaze, paraMtu 'Explosion' nahIM kare. Ane gujarAtImAM zuM kahIzuM ? Teach-in, Black Power, Appeal, Streaking, In-put, Knowhow jevA zabdo vijJAnanA nathI chatAM gujarAtImAM ene baMdhabesatA zabdo haju upasAvI zakAyA nathI. AvA aneka zabdo aMgrejImAM sarjAyA che ane pracAramAM AvyA che. eno sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAM paNa upayoga thAya che. vaLI eka viSayanI paribhASAno prayoga bIjA viSayanuM nirUpaNa karatI vakhate karavAmAM Ave che, je ApaNe tyAM thatuM nathI. ApaNA sAhitye vartamAnapatrano A abhAva ocho karavA prayatna karavo joIe. jo sAhitya pAsethI vartamAnapatrone navA navA zabdo ane nokhI nokhI abhivyakti jevA ojAro nahIM maLe to akhabAro game evA ane game tyAMthI zabdo laIne emanuM kAma AgaLa dhapAvaze ane dhapAve paNa che. Ane pariNAme akhabAranI bhASA beDoLa banavA lAgI che. bIjI bAju akhabAroe paNa sAhityano vadhu ne vadhu saMparka keLavavAnI jarU2 che. sAhityano saMparka akhabAranuM svarUpa saphAIdAra rAkhavAmAM ane bhASAne saMmArjita karavAmAM upayogI thAya che. koI sthaLe baoNmbamAro thayo, te ja moTo banAva nathI, paraMtu koI navuM pustaka lakhAyuM e paNa banAva che. kAvya ke nATaknA kSetre koI navo prayoga thayo e paNa eka moTI ghaTanA che. vartamAnapatra AnI upekSA kare to sAhitya

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126 - sAhityika patrakAratva karatAM vartamAnapatrane vadhu nukasAna thaze. vartamAnapatra sAhityane kAcI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che, to vartamAnapatrane vikasavA mATe bhASAne dhAradAra rAkhavA mATe, enuM kaoNmyunikezana sacoTa banI rahe teTalA mATe sAhityamAMthI preraNA letA rahevuM joIe. mANasanA sAcA mijAjane samajavA mATe paNa sarajAtA sAhityano satata saMparka jarU2no che. Aje A baMne vacce aLagApaNuM hovAthI ziSTa sAhityakRtionI bhASA ane akhabArI bhASA vacce aMtara vadhatuM jAya che, je koI rIte iSTa nathI. A aMtarane nivAravAno eka mArga vartamAnapatromAM sAhitya vibhAgane mahattva maLe ne pratyeka jAgrata vartamAnapatra te vibhAgane gAjato rAkhe e che. A parisaMvAdano hetu mitrabhAve A kaTokaTI vizenI sabhAnatA jagADavAno che, kAraNa ke sAhitya ane patrakAratvane ekabIjA vinA cAlavAnuM nathI ane teo potAnuM dAridraca koI paNa trIjA sAdhana vaDe pheDI zake tema nathI. hindustAna para tyAre gAMdhIjIno prabhAva hato. navI havA bhAratavarSamAM tyAre phelAtI hatI, e havAnI pre2ka lahe2 ApaNAM akhabArone tyAre DolAvatI hatI. navA zabdo tyAre AvatA hatA. navI vANI tyAre phUTatI hatI. gurjaragirAnI aneka chUpI sa2vANIo tyAre, koIka dhasamasatA dhodha svarUpe bahAra paDavAne dhasatI hatI. koI divase nahIM eTalA jorapUrvaka 'zabdonuM sAmarthya' tyAre lokasamUhane pakaDatuM hatuM. zabdonuM sAmarthya ! zabdoe to aneka ulkApAto karyA che.... gAMdhIyuganA rASTravAde svAdhInatAnA navA zabdonuM sarjana karyuM athavA to, gulAmInA paTAMtaro kheMcIne, e yuganI nUtana zaktioe, DhaMkAyelA zabdone bahAra kheMcyA ne gujarAtanA dilamAM navA dIvAo cetI rahyA. gAMdhIyuganA A 'navA zabdo' ane asahakAranA aitihAsika jamAnAnA e navIna bhASAprayogo gujarAtanAM vartamAnapatrone pAne caDhacA ne e patronAM purANAM svarUpo jhAMkhAM paDyAM. sAruM thayuM ke rAjadvArI pUra AvyAM ne navA yuganAM vartamAnapatrone mahAparANe vaLagI rahevA mathatAM e jarjarita paTakuLo gaI kAlanI gujarI banyAM. sAmaLadAsa gAMdhI (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada - teramuM adhivezana : patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI) ---

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sAhityetara viSayo 19 a niraMjana parIkha vartamAnapatro vagara Adhunika vizvanuM astitva zakya nathI. ApaNuM Adhunika vizva kevuM che ? ane ApaNAM vartamAnapatro kevAM che? jhaDapathI parivartana pAmI rahelA ApaNA samAjamAM tatkALa taiyAra karI zakatA AhAra, tatkALa keLavaNI, tatkALa mAhitI ane jJAnaprasAraNa temaja tatkALa astitvamAM AvatAM nagaro to jANe rojiMdI ghaTanA banI gaI che. nava samAjaracanAne varelo bhArata deza audyogikIkaraNa ane AdhunikIkaraNanA mArge jhaDapathI AgaLa vadhI rahyo che. bhArata paNa jhaDapathI astitvamAM AvatI avanavI mano-Arthika nIpajothI mukta rahI zake nahIM. mano-Arthika nIpaja jhaDapathI sarjAtI ane vilAtI rahe che. enA alpakAlIna astitvanI chApathI, enI asarathI ApaNI cetanA satata bhabhUkatI rahe che. bAhya vAstavikatAnI chApanA pariNAme dareka vyaktinA mastiSkamAM A vizva aMge enuM potAnuM mAnasa-svarUpa ramatuM rahe che. jema jema mano-Arthika nIpaja badalAtI rahe, jeTalI jhaDapathI badalAtI rahe eTalI jhaDapathI mAnavInA manamAM rahelI vizva viSenI chApa badalAtI rahe che. jUnI samaja tUTatI jAya che, navI samaja sarjAtI jAya che - ane te paNa alpakALa mATe ja. samUha mAdhyamoe ApaNI vizALa pRthvIne vizvagAmamAM pheravI nAMkhI che. jhaDapI saMparka vahevAre ane emAMya vaLI mAnavasarjita susaMkalita ane hetulakSI saMparka saMdezAnA vahevAre eka viziSTa "mAnavaloka' saryuM che. vartamAnapatrano susaMkalita ahevAla ke hetulakSI saMdezAvALI jAherAta lokamAnava para alpa, ke dIrgha asara nipajAve che. tenI cetanAne bhabhUkatI rAkhe che. vartamAnapatra vAMcato ke vAMcI zakato mAnavI rojanA AvA hajAro zabdone vAca-sparza karato hoya che. emAMthI keTalAya zabdo-saMdezAo- enI cetanAne bhabhakAvI jUnI samaja toDI, navI samaja sarjatA hoya che - gUMcavADo paNa sarjAto hoya che. paraMtu atyAra sudhI dhImI gatithI cAlI AvelA samAjanA mAnavInuM mastiSka ATalI jhaDapathI sarjAtI ke vilAtI samaja mATe samartha nathI. A vizva aMge ke ApaNAM rojiMdA jIvananAM jJAna ke samajane AvarI letAM pustako ! - sAhityanuM AyuSya paNa, rojeroja jhaDapathI badalAtI jatI samAjanA

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128 | sAhityika patrakAratva kAraNe alpakAlIna banI gayuM che. loka-mAnava pAse phurasada hotI nathI. te potAnA jIvanAdhikArane-astitvane paNa bhogavI zakato nathI. amuka cokkasa maryAdita upayogitAnI dhyeyaprApti sivAya te potAnA astitvane paNa mANato nathI-manAvato nathI. pariNAme saraLa bhASAmAM kaThaNa jJAna ane samaja temaja mAhitInuM prasAraNa karatAM vartamAnapatro pustakonuM sthAna laI rahyAM che ane alpAyuSI banI gayelAM pustako vartamAnapatromAM khapavA mAMDyAM che. ApaNAM vartamAnapatro para najara mAMDIe to e vijJApanapatro dekhAvA mAMDe che. dRSTAMta tarIke eka vartamAnapatranA eka saptAhanA 100 pAnAMnA utpAdana para najara pheravIe to 60thI 70 pAnAM vijJApanothI chalakAtAM dekhAya che. pariNAme vartamAnapatra udyogano "svAtaMtramoha', vijJApananA udyoganA svAtaMtrya tarIke najaramAM kheMcavA mAMDe che. vartamAna nirbhIka rIte pragaTa karavA mATe maLeluM svAtaMtrya nabhAvavA vijJApano pragaTa karato vartamAnapatra udyoga vijJApananA prakAzanamAM kevI AjhAdI mANe che ? lokahitanA rakSaNane dRSTimAM rAkhIne vartamAna pragaTa karavAno, svAtaMtrya AgaLa dharavAno dAvo karanArAo vijJApana pragaTa karavAnI pasaMdagImAM nIcI mUcha dharAve che. lokamata jAgrata karavAnI pharaja bajAvatAM vartamAnapatro vAstavamAM to lokahitanuM bhakSaNa karatAM vijJApanapatro ja banI rahe che. vartamAnapatromAM vistAravAdI manovRtti dharAvatI vijJApano vize eTalI cokhavaTa to karavI ja rahI ke vijJApanonI bAbate koI svataMtratAnuM pAlana thatuM nathI - are vijJApananI svataMtratA mATe koI AgrahI paNa thatuM nathI. vAMdhAjanaka vijJApanone lagatA 1954nA dhArAno chaDecoka bhaMga karIne dhoLe dahADe dekhA detI vijJApanonA kAraNe loko lUMTAya che-chetarAya che-raheMsAI jAya che. lagna pahelAM athavA pAchaLathI, tAkAta ane javAnInI bharapUra khuzIo mATe", "saMtAnaprApti tathA saMtatiniyamana mATe....", "bolato paththara- nepoliyananI hAra", "bheTa thApaNa 4tho Dro" vagere zIrSakovALI vijJApano, cITakuMDa, beniphiTa phaMDa, zabdaracanA harIphAI, varalI maTakAnA AMkanI vijJApano, paradezamAM nokarI apAvavA mATe rAtorAta chapAtI vijJApano dvArA loko dhoLe dahADe lUMTAya che. vijJApananA nAme, jaDIbuTTIonA nAme khoTI camatkArika davAonI vijJApano pragaTa karavA mATe vartamAnapatranA svAtaMtryano, vyApAraudyoganA svAtaMtryano, durupayoga vijJApano dvArA ja thAya che.

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sAhityetara viSayA D 129 rojiMdA jIvananA vahevAromAM rAjakAraNa, arthazAstra, vyApAraudyoga, vijJAna, kaLA, ramatagamata, manoraMjana, sAmAjika saMsthAonI pravRttio, kAyado ane vyavasthA, dharma, saMrakSaNa, majU2pravRtti, gunAkhorI, jyotiSa, kaubhAMDonI chaNAvaTa, cAritryakhaMDana vagere viSayo vartamAnapatromAM pragaTa thAya che. (ghaDIbhara mAnI laIe ke vArtA, navalakathA, kavitA, nATako vagere vartamAnapatromAM pragaTa thatA nathI - ane thAya che topaNa jAherAta karatI hoya tevA TIkATippaNI sAthe pragaTa thatAM hoya che.) topaNa vartamAnapatra e sAhitya nathI ema kahevuM e saheluM nathI. vartamAnapatronuM svarUpa badalAI rahyuM che - vartamAnapatro UMDI sUjhathI jIvananA nikaTatama sparza-vartuLamAM AvI rahyA che. sAhityanuM svarUpa paNa badalAI rahyuM che. kalpanA ke bhabhakAnA vAghA utArI e paNa jIvanane sparzatuM banyuM che. moTA bhAge rAjakAraNa ane rAjakAraNIone cagAvatAM-pachADatAM vartamAnapatro samAjanI jarU2 pramANe rAjakAraNane prakAzamAM lAvI zakatAM nathI. rAjakAraNIonA vartamAna rojiMdA rAjakAraNamAMthI UMcAM AvatAM vartamAnapatro zuddha rAjyazAstranI dRSTie navI peDhInA bhaviSyane bhUtakALanI peThe ja cUkI jAya che. lAkhkho vidyArthIonA abhyAsanI jarUriyAta, sAmAnya mAnavInI samaja mATenI bhUkha, bhAvi netAo mATe mArgadarzana - preraNAnI jarUriyAta, lokamatane naja2mAM 2AkhI keLavaNIviSayaka rIte rAjakAraNa para prakAza pheMkavAnI pha2ja bajAvatuM vartamAnapatra jovAnuM nasIba haju bAkI che. arthazAstranI bAbate paNa AvI ja hAlata che. rAjakAraNanA vartamAna viSe eTaluM jarU2 kahevuM joIe ke e vijJApana jevA dekhAya che - tyAre hetulakSI rAjakIya vartamAna vAstavamAM vijJApana tarIke pragaTa thAya che ! e kema visarAya ! bIjA viSayo, tajjJonA viSayo aMge vAta karatAM eka nirIkSaNa karI levuM joIe ke viziSTa jJAna eTale ke vijJAnanI samaja ApatA viSayo sanasanATIbharI rIte prakAzana pAmatA hoya che - keTalIka vakhata to havAmAnanA vaijJAnika samAcAro jyotiSIonI AgAhInI mAphaka pragaTa thAya che. to-vaLI jyotiSa jevA viSayo vaijJAnika dAvA sAthe pragaTa thAya che. vijJAnanA pariNAme ApaNI samaja mULamAMthI badalAI rahI che - ApaNuM vartana badalAI rahyuM che tyAre vijJAnane paNa camatkAramAM khapAvavAnI ApaNI Adata badalAtI nathI. UlaTAnuM evuM jovA maLe che ke camatkArane vaijJAnika kAraNothI samajAvavAmAM Ave che. vartamAnapatro ApaNA rojiMdA mAnasika jIvanane ghaDe che. lokajIvana aMgenI

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130 | sAhityika patrakAratva ApaNI cetanAne bhabhUkatI rAkhe che. hAlanA yugamAM vartamAnapatronuM prabhutva vizeSa che. sAhityetara viSayonuM jJAna tajU jJonI jaTila bhASAmAM jakaDAyeluM na rahe ane sAdI saraLa bhASAmAM e jJAna loko sudhI pahoMcADavAnuM kArya vartamAnapatro bajAve che. viziSTa ke jaTila bhASAmAM jakaDAyela jJAna-mAhitI loko sudhI pahoMcADIne ApaNI saMskRti badalavAnuM ane rUpAMtara pAmI rahelI ApaNI saMskRtinuM pratibiMba rajU karavAnuM kArya vartamAnapatro bajAve che. lokasaMskRtinI adbhuta anubhUti pAmavAnuM sAdhana vartamAnapatro che. sAmAjika parivartana ane audyogikIkaraNa pAmI rahelA dezomAM vyApAra ane udyogonI sAthosAtha kaLA, vijJAna, ramatagamata ane manoraMjananuM paNa vyavasAyIkaraNa thavA pAmyuM che. zaheromAMthI pragaTa thatAM vartamAnapatronuM zaherIkaraNa thayuM che ema mAnavuM bhUlabhareluM che - kAraNa ke vartamAnapatronuM mULa svarUpa ja rASTrIya che - lokasaMskRtinuM che. vartamAnapatromAM rojabaroja pragaTa thatA citravicitra ahevAlomAMthI evA keTalAye ahevAlo suMdara rIte - susaMkalita rIte pragaTa thatA hoya che ke je Adhunika mAnavanI - lokamAnavInI cetanAne jAgrata kare che. samAjanA dUSaNo prakAzamAM ANavAnI sAthosAtha gunAkhorInAM dUSaNo phelAvA pAme che. paraMtu mAnasika svasthatA jALavatA patrakAro A bAbate sabhAnatA paNa keLave che. yuvAnone hAnikartA prakAzanane lagato 1957no dhAro A aMge pUratI jogavAI dharAve che. Ama chatAMye jyAre ApaNA rojiMdA jIvana aMgenA patrakAranA ahevAlanuM kharuM mahattva enuM hArda pAmIe chIe tyAre patrakArane ApaNe mAnanI najare ja joIe chIe. vartamAnamAM je kaMI bane te mAtra e ghaTanA jANanAra thoDAka mANasonI jANakArI pUratI maryAdita nA rahe te jovAnI pharaja patrakAranI che. AvI ghaTanAo aMgenAM patrakAranAM tatkAlIna uccAraNonI lokamAnasa para UMDI asara paDatI hoya che. patrakAranA AvA zabdo - uccAraNo e jIvananA nikaTatama darzananI siddhirUpa che. patrakAranAM AvAM uccAraNo lokomAM pravartatA vicArone navI dizA sUcavI banatI ghaTanAone vaLAMka paNa ApI zake che. rojiMdA jIvananI ghaTanAo ghATa laI rahI hoya che tyAre paNa patrakAra eTalI sabhAnatA to dharAvato ja hoya che ke enA vAcaka sAthIonA mastikanAM kayAM cakro enA zabdothI gatimAna banaze. Ama patrakAra yogya samaye yogya zabdo uccArIne vartamAna racavAmAM sahabhAgI banI rahe che.

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eka ja mulkanI be kahANI 0 harIndra dave narendra trivedI, narabherAma sadAvratI, kumArapALa desAI tathA niraMjana parIkhanAMabhyAsapUrNa ane saghana vaktavyomAMthI cAra vadhu vicAravAnA muddAo prApta thAya che : (1) sAhityakAra lokathI vimukha banyo che ane loka sAhityathI vimukha banyuM che e hakIkata sAcI che ? sArAM sAmayiko TakatAM kema nathI ? (2) sAmayikanA taMtrI tarIke vyavasAyI patrakArane badale mAlikanuM nAma hoya tyAre zI paristhiti thAya ? sAhitya ane patrakAratva vacceno saMbaMdha kevo, kayA svarUpano che ? (4) vartamAnapatro vijJApanapatro jevAM banI gayAM che, chatAM vartamAnapatro ke sAmayikomAMnA sAhityetara viSayo aMge zI paristhiti che ? sArAM sAmayiko TakatAM nathI, emAM "sArA" ane "sAmayika' e baMne zabdonI ApaNI vyAkhyA zI che te samajavuM jarUrI che. duniyAbharamAM amuka prakAranAM sAmayiko thoDo vakhata cAlIne baMdha thaI gayAM che. cokkasa saMsthAo ke taMtronI AsapAsa UbhAM thayelAM sAmayiko ghaNuM lAMbuM AyuSya joI zakyAM che. to keTalAMka sAmayiko to janma e pahelA ja baMdha paDI gayAM che. A badhAno koI laghutama sAdhAraNa avayava kADhI cokkasa pariNAma para pahoMcavAnuM azakya che. prayogalakSI sAmayika saMzodhanalakSI vidvAnone bhAgye ja ruce : saMzodhanalakSI sAmayiko sarjakatAlakSI vAcakone manamAM na bese. sarjakatAlakSI sAmayikono vAcaka bodhaka ke preraka svarUpanAM sAmayiko pasaMda na kare. ane upara jaNAvelAM badhA ja prakAranAM sAmayikono vAcaka sarvapriya svarUpanAM sAmayiko pasaMda kare ke na paNa kare. eka vAcakane cokkasa sAmayika sattvazIla ane suMdara lAge to bIjA vAcakane bIjuM cokkasa sAmayika hAthamAM na Ave to cena na paDe. bIjA vAcakane gamatuM cokkasa sAmayika pahelA vAcakanA hAthamAM Ave to ene sastu kahI bese. sAhityika patraphAratvanI vAta karIe tyAre AmAMnA koIne vicAraNAnI maryAdA bahAra rAkhI zakAya nahIM. vaLI baMne prakAranAM sAmayikomAM je maryAdA che e eka ja prakAranI che. keTalAMka prayogalakSI sAmayiko pazcimamAM thatA prayogono hUbahU paricaya Ape che, jyAre keTalAMka sarvapriya sAmayiko paNa potAnAM pRSTho paranI

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132 | sAhityika patrakAratva masAledAra sAmagrI mATe pazcimanAM e ja prakAranAM patro para najara mAMDe che. ApaNe tyAM invesTigeTiva ripaoNTiMga paNa ApaNI sarjakatAnI mAphaka ja prAthamika dazAmAM che. chatAM e baMnemAM keTaluMka nakkara kAma paNa thayuM che. sAhityika patrakAratvanI vAta karIe tyAre AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA 'vasaMta'nI sAthe zayadAnA "be ghaDI moja'nI vAta karavI ja paDe; vijayarAjanA "kaumudI'nI sAthe meghANInA "phUlachAba'ne samAvI ja levuM paDe. sAmayika cAlavA ke baMdha paDavAno AdhAra enA svarUpa para nathI. 'navacetana', kumAra", "saMskRti' jevAM sAmayiko ATaATalAM varSothI TakI rahyAM che ke "manISA', "kaumudI", "gujarAta' vagere sAmayiko baMdha paDI gayAM che, te vize paNa koI sarvasvIkRta javAba na ApI zakAya. koI eka sAmayika na cAle to gujarAta naguNuM che tevI niMdA karavAnI jarUra nathI; koI eka sAmayika Take to gujarAtanI saMskAritA satarka che, sajAga che ema harakhAI javAnI jarUra nathI. koI nabaLA sAmayikane sabaLo sAtha hoya to e varaso sudhI cAlI zake; koI sabaLuM sAmayika, sabaLo sAthe hoya topaNa nabaLA Ayojanane kAraNe baMdha paDI jAya e zakya che. ApaNAM sAmayiko kema cAlyAM, ke kema baMdha paDI gayAM te vize saMzodhana jarUrI che. ApaNAM sattvazIla saMpAdakonuM khamIra ane maryAdA baMne emAMthI joI zakAze. sAmayikasaMcAlana pUrA samayanI pravRtti che. ene phAjala samayamAM vyAsaMga tarIke apanAvatA saMpAdako game teTalAM sattvazIla sAmayiko sarje topaNa TakI zake nahIM. munazInA "gujarAtathI mAMDI sureza jozInA "manISA' sudhInAM sAmayiko tenuM dRSTAMta pUruM pADe che. lokapriya sAmayikono moTo varga che. saghana sAhityakRti racanArAnI tole gheraghera vaMcAya evo prajApriya lekha lakhanArAnuM mUlya patrakAra tarIke huM ochuM na AMkuM. samasta prajA koI patrakArane svIkAre tyAre e kevaLa sastuM manoraMjana ApanAra na hoI zake prajA sAthe teno saMbaMdha joDatI koIka vastu tenI kRtimAM hovI ja joIe. eTale ja koI patra baMdha paDI jAya tyAre tenAM kAraNo sAhityetara hoI zake; koI patra vadhu paDatuM cAle tenAM kAraNo sAhityika paNa hoI zake. ethI UMdhuM paNa zakya che. AthI gItAno 'nAnuzociMti paMDitA'vALo bodha sAmayikonA TakavA, na TakavA vize levA jevo che. sAmayikanA taMtrI tarIke patrakAra sivAyano koIka hoya, eTale ke mAlika ke mAlikanAM svajanomAMthI koI hoya tyAre zuM ? mAlika pote ghaNI vAra patrakAra hoya che. ApaNe tyAM ane anyatra AvAM

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eka ja mulkanI be kahANI [ 133 udAharaNo che. umAzaMkara jozI tenuM sauthI moTuM udAharaNa che. paraMtu mAlika patrakAra na hoya, koI patrakAranI zaktino upayoga kare ane potAnuM ke potAnA svajananuM nAma taMtrI tarIke mUke tyAre eka judI paristhiti racAya che. A paristhiti sAva viziSTa che evuM paNa nathI. mudraka-prakAzaka tarIke jemanAM nAma Ave che teo kyAreka to mudraNa ke prakAzana vize kazuM ja jANatA nathI hotA. paraMtu taMtrInuM nAma rAtorAta badalavuM hoya tyAre taMtrIthI judA ane mAlika athavA vyavasthApakanA vizvAsu mudrakaprakAzaka hoya te jarUrI che. mudraka-prakAzaka jema mudraNa ke prakAzananA jANakAra hoya evuM haMmezAM banatuM nathI; ema taMtrI paNa haMmezAM kAryavAhaka taMtrI hoya evuM banatuM nathI. taMtrI sthAne jenuM nAma cAlatuM hoya tenAmAM taMtrasaMcAlananI jo kazIye gatAgama na hoya to kharekhara kAma to je paDadA pAchaLa hoya e ja kare evuM bane che. tyAre A hakIkata bahu chUpI rahetI nathI. sAmAnya vAcaka bhramamAM nathI hoto. e tarata ja sAmayika pAchaLa konI lekhinI kAma karI rahI che e barAbara jANe che. mAlikInuM nAma vyavasthApaka taMtrI tarIke Ave e ucita che. jyAre enuM nAma kAryavAhaka taMtrI tarIke Ave, tyAre e potAnA sAmayika ke vartamAnapatrane thoDoka anyAya kare che. kAraNa ke vyavasAyI patrakAranuM nAma taMtrI, saMpAdaka ke sahataMtrI jevA koI svarUpe AvatuM na hoya tyAre enuM Involvement ghaTI jAya che joke bIjI taraphathI vyavasAyI patrakArano jIva kaMI paNa ochuM nIpaje enAthI saMtoSAto nathI. e to potAthI zakya eTaluM uttama pariNAma ApavAmAM ja mAne che. mAlika patrakAranI asmitAne pragaTa thavA na de ke enA nAmane camakAvA na de, athavA to vyavasAyI patrakAra pote taMtrI hoya tyAre paNa potAnA sAthIonAM nAmanI bAilAina ApatAM saMkoca anubhave e baMne ekasarakhI kamanasIba paristhiti che. vAMka mAtra ekalA mAlikano nathI; vyavasAyI patrakAra pote taMtrI hoya tyAre paNa potAnA tejasvI sAthIonA lakhANo ke ahevAlo nAma sAthe pragaTa na kare evA kissAo noMdhAyA che. koI paNa patrakAranI asmitA ADe paDado banavAnI Adata khoTI che. pachI te mATe mAlika kasUravAra hoya ke patrakAra, balka patrakArajagatamAM UgatAM taraNAMne paNa AdarathI jovAM ghaTe. henarI milara kahe che ema kyAre karyuM taraNuM moTuM vRkSa banI besaze e ApaNe jANatA nathI. sAhityakAra ane patrakAra baMnene kumArapALabhAIe kahyuM tema bhASAthI kAma pAra pADavAnuM hoya che; paNa ema to bhASAthI kAma lenArAnI saMkhyA ghaNI moTI che. sAhityakAra ane patrakAra A baMne jANe ekameka sAthe sagAI ja na hoya ema vartatA

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134 ] sAhityika patrakAratva jovAmAM Ave che. sAhityakAro nabaLAM lakhANone chApALavAM kahIne niMde che ane patrakAro nabaLAM lakhANone sAkSarI kahI avagaNI kADhe che. sAhityakAra ane patrakAra baMne bhASA vaDe potAnuM saMvedana vyakta kare che. uttama patrakAratva uttama sAhityanA sthAne AvI zake che. jhona hassanuM hirozimA vizenuM riporTiMga 'TAima' megejhinanA eka aMka pUratuM maryAdita na rahetAM sarvakAlIna mahattvanI sAhityakRti banI gayuM che. patrakAra sAhityakAra hovo ja joIe e jarUrI nathI, paNa sAhityakAra jo patrakAratvanI tAlImamAMthI pasAra thayo hoya to enI dRSTino vyApa vadhe che. hemiMgyuM to koI paNa navalakathAkAre cha mahinA patrakAratvanI tAlIma levI ja joIe ema mAnatA hatA. mane aMgata rIte A vAta sAcI lAge che. ApaNAM sAhityakArone krikeTano skora pUcho ke amerikAmAM prAimarIjhano jhoka konA tarapha che e pUcho ke aphaghAnistAnanA prazna vize pUcho to haMmezAM enI pAsethI javAba maLaze ja evI AzA rAkhI zakAya nahIM. e ja rIte patrakArone gujarAtI sAhityamAM kayA navA avAjo AvyA eno bhAgye ja khyAla hoya che. A bahu taMdurasta paristhiti nathI. patrakAratva sAhityakAranA vyApane vadhAre che, e sAhitya patrakAratvane UMDANa Ape che. sAhitya ane patrakAratva e be judAM judAM kSetronI nahIM, paraMtu eka ja mulkanI be kahANI che. A viSaya upara haju vadhu kahI zakAya. jhaveracaMda meghANI ke Doma morAisa jevA patrakAronAM udAharaNo sAthe A vAta vistArI zakAya. bhagavatIkumAra ke rAdhezyAma vyavasAyI patrakAro tarIke sureza jozI, raghuvIra caudharI, sureza dalAla, mohammada mAMkaDa, zivakumAra jozI, Izvara peTalIkara, yazavanta zukla, caMdrakAnta bakSI vagere kaTAralekhako tarIke ke navalakathAkAra harakizana mahetA ke vijJAnalekhanathI AraMbha karanArA nagendravijaya prajApriya sAptAhikonA saMpAdako tarIke viziSTa ullekha mAgI le che. A yAdI hajI pUrNa nathI. A to achaDatAM tatkAla smaraNe caDyAM te nAmo che. paNa sAhitya ke patrakAratva vacce koI nAto ja nathI ema mAnanArAo mATe A yAdI e mAnyatA tajI devAnI preraNA karavA mATe paryApta mAnI zakAya. niraMjana parIkhe mahattvano prazna uThAvyo che. aThavADiye so pRSThomAMthI 70 pRSTho vijJApananAM hoya tyAre sAmAnya rIte svIkRta 60 TakA vAcanasAmagrI : cAlIsa TakA jAherakhabaranuM dhoraNa visAre paDAya che. paNa akhabArI kAgaLa dahADe dahADe je rIte moMgho thato cAlyo che e jotA 60 : 40nuM dhoraNa Aje bahu kAma Ape evuM nathI, paraMtu 50 : 50thI vadhAre vijJApana Ave tyAre to vartamAnapatra vijJApanapatra ja banI jAya che.

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eka ja mulkanI be kahANI [ 135 kAyadA dvArA pratibaMdhita vijJApano pragaTa karavAmAM AcArasaMhitA cukAya che to sarakArane pakSe kAyadAno amala ja thato nathI. AmAM ApaNe doSa lene daIzuM ? ApaNI bhASAnA samartha kavi lAbhazaMkare eka veLA geramArge doravatAM vijJApano para eka suMdara nAno lekha lakhyo hato. A rIte prajAmAM jAgRti pragaTAvI zakAya. smaraNazakti vadhArI parIkSAmAM pAsa karI detuM tAvIja ke dhAryuM thAya evuM yaMtra A duniyAmAM hota to kadAca koI ja du:khI na hota ane rAjyanA zAsana mATenI spardhA kaoNMgresa, janatA ityAdi pakSo vacce nahIM, maMtrazAstrIo vacce thatI hota. Ama to vartamAnapatro viveka dAkhave, sarakAra kAyado amalamAM mUke che ane sajAga nAgariko prajAmata jAgrata kare e sivAya koI upAya raheto nathI. sAhityika patrakAratvanA viSaya paranI AjanI carcAmAM sAMskRtika pravRttionAM avalokano vize ekabe vaktAe dhyAna kheMcyuM. nagaramAM je kaMI sAMskRtika ghaTanA bane tenI noMdha bhAgye ja levAtI hoya che. AmAM eka ja patrakAra apavAdarUpa che. e che kRSNavIra dIkSita. chellA traNa dAyakAno muMbaIno sAMskRtika itihAsa koIne tapAsavo hoya to kRSNavIra dIkSitanAM lakhANo e mATe pUratI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. bhAgye ja koI sAMskRtika ke sAhityika ghaTanA evI haze jenI noMdha kRSNavIra dIkSite na lIdhI hoya. sAhityika patrakAratvanI vAta karIe tyAre A eka patrakArano nAma pADIne ullekha karavo jarUrI che. niSThA, viveka ane saccAI sAthe rAgamukta rahIne kRSNavara dIkSite muMbaInA sAMskRtika jIvana mATe je kaMI karyuM che e bIjA koI paNa zahera mATe koI patrakAre karyuM nathI evuM vidhAna lagAra paNa atizayoktinA bhaya vinA karI zakAya. sAhityika patrakAratva vize A cAre vyAkhyAnomAM ghaNA noMdhapAtra muddAo rajU thayA che. emAMthI cAreka muddAo para ja ApaNe thoDoka vadhu vicAra atre karyo che. A baMne zabdo paraspara pUraka hoya ke na hoya, paraspara virodhI to nathI ja e vAta para bhAra mUkIne A carcAnuM samApana karuM chuM. (adhyakSasthAnethI karAyeluM vaktavya - saMvardhita)

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136 sAhityika patrakAratva patrakAra jema sarjaka che ema dAsAnudAsa paNa che ja. svataMtratA, nIDaratA, saMyama ane vicAragAMbhIrya e patrakAranAM AbhUSaNo che. patrakAratva e eka yoga che e asidhArAvata che. yA nizA sarva bhUtAnAm tasyAnuM nArti saMyamI e gItAbola patrakArane yathArtha lAgu paDe che. nIDara ane svataMtra patrakAratve vizvabharamAM svataMtra vicArazaktinA jharaNAM vahetA karyA che ane dezakALa paNa palaTAvyA che. phUlIphAlI unmatta sattAnI asahiSNutAne ke kAtila kinnAkhorIne eNe mastaka para jhIlI che ane vadherI paNa che. ema karatAM kaMIka khapI paNa gayA haze emanA samarpaNamAM tailasiMcane emaNe patrakAratvanI jyota jhaLahaLatI rAkhI che. patrakAratvano vyavasAya pavitra che. kevaLa svArthanA lobhe ene bhraSTa karanArA kALe karIne patrakAratvamAMthI bhraSTa thayA che ane thaze. mA joGa vIghana patrakAratvane ja varelA patrakArane mATe kartavyapAlana e ja moTo dharma che. enI sattAnI, netAgIrInI ke moTAInI kucha paravA nathI." - kAlidAsa zelata (gujarAta sAhitya pariSadanA 18mA adhivezananA patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI ApelA vyAkhyAnamAMthI)

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patrakAratva : eka paDakAra

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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - zrI pratApa zAha - dainikapatronuM Arthika Ayojana zrI bhUpata vaDodariyA - dainikonI vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM rahasya | | zrI sudarzanasiMha majIThiyA - patrakAratvanA zikSaNanA prazno zrI zazIkAMta nANAvaTI - vyAvasAyika patrakAranA prazno zrI nIrubhAI desAI - niSThA ane khumArIno raNakAra | zrI yazavaMta zukla - samAropa | zrI raghuvIra caudharI - phalazruti

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ra1 , dainikapatronuM Arthika Ayojana 0 pratApa zAha vizvanI samagra vartamAna vyavasthAono pAyo mahad aMze jyAre arthaprAdhAnyavALo che, tyAre bahu svAbhAvika che ke, vartamAnapatro paNa te ja potAnA hetuone sArI rIte pAra pADI zake, je vartamAnapatro Arthika rIte pagabhara hoya ! vartamAnapatronI AvI Arthika nirbharatA mATe, je anya udyogone tenuM inphAsTrakTara jevuM ke mUDI, kAco mAla, jamIna, pANI, vIjaLI, vecANa vyavasthA vagere hoya che, tema akhabArI udyoga mATe paNa tenuM inphAsTrakTara hovuM jarUrI che. AmAM mUDI e mahattvanI vastu hovAnuM svIkAryA vinA cAlavAnuM nathI. Ama chatAM eka vAta lakSa bahAra javI joIe nahIM ke akhabArI vyavasAya e mUDIprAdhAnya vyavasAya hovA chatAM bIjA udyogonA karatAM tenI sAmAjika ane rASTrIya javAbadArI savizeSa che akhabAra eka prakArano praharI che. janamAnasanuM ane lokazAhInuM, lokazikSaNanuM te eka sabaLa mAdhyama che. A dRSTie arthapradhAnatAvALA A yugamAM A kSetre te vAtanI sAvacetI rAkhavI rahI ke vartamAnapatro kevaLa udyoga na rahe ! tenA upara ijArAzAhInA, ekahaththapaNAnA ke mUDIvAdI hovAnA AkSepo na Ave eTaluM jovuM ja rahyuM. A eTalA mATe vicAraNIya che ke, presa e lokazAhImAM sattAnuM cothuM mAdhyama manAtuM hovAthI, mUDIvAdI loko potAnI mUDInI salAmatI mATe ke rAjakIya AgevAnI mATe vartamAnapatro upara potAnuM Adhipatya hoya to sAruM, evuM icche te bahu sahaja manAya. dezamAM bahu moTA pramANamAM nahIM, to sArA pramANamAM paNa AvuM banatuM rahyuM che ke keTalAka dhanapatio vyaktigata rIte ke korporezana racIne akhabArI Adhipatya mATe prayatnazIla rahyA che. bIjI bAju sarakAra AvuM ekahaththupaNuM na vadhe te jovA prayatna karatI rahI che. cheka 1952-53thI AvA chUTAchavAyA ke achaDatA prayAso sarakAra dvArA thatA rahyA che, paraMtu temAM bhArobhAra niSphaLatA ja maLI che. mAruM kAryakSetra laghu ane madhyama akhabAro pUratuM maryAdita che. ahIM mAro je viSaya che te che : "dainikapatranuM Arthika Ayojana". jemAM laghu ane madhyama uparAMta moTAM dainikapatro paNa AvI jAya. moTAM akhabAro aMge huM kaMI lakhuM te "anadhikAra ceSTA' manAze. Ano artha evo nathI ke emanA samakSa Arthika samasyAo nahIM hoya ! hovAnI ja. paNa tene ukelavAnAM baLa ane sUjha paNa temanI pAse hovAnAM. eTale te paratve carcA karatAM madhyama ane nAnAM dainikapatronI Arthika bAju viSe ja carcA karIe. akhabAronA Arthika Ayojanano vicAra karatI vakhate sauprathama prinTiMganAM sAdhanono vicAra karavo paDe. eka jamAno evo hato kharo, jyAre chApuM kADhavA mAgatA buddhijIvI patrakAro ke saMpAdako chApakAma bIje karAvIne potAnuM patra A

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140 ] patrakAratva : eka paDakAra kSetrIya AvaDatanA kAraNe calAvI zakatA hatA. paraMtu e jamAno Aje rahyo nathI. Aje prinTiMga mazInarI ja nahIM, paNa te videzI sAdhano sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tevAM sAdhano vinAnAM vartamAnapatrone TakI rahevAnuM divase divase kaThina banavA lAgyuM che. je prinTiMga mazIno bIjA deze bhaMgAra gaNIne kADhI nAkhyAM che, ane jenuM utpAdana paNa chellAM daza varSa jeTalA samayathI baMdha karI devAyuM che, tevAM prinTiMga mazInono upayoga ApaNA madhyama ane laghu akhabAro karI rahyA che. AvAM akhabAra sAme vikaTa samasyA tyAre UbhI thAya che jyAre teno phelAvo 20-22 hajAra karatAM vadhe che. 2022 hajAranA phelAvA sudhI to potAnuM chApakAma doDha-be lAkhanI kiMmatanA prinTiMga mazIna dvArA karI zakAtuM hatuM. paraMtu 22 hajArathI vadhavA sAthe ja tenuM "phleTa beDa roTarI kAma ApI zakatuM nathI, ane jo teNe potAnA vikAsane jArI rAkhavo hoya to tene sIdhA 15-20 lAkhanA kharce ophaseTa spIDo athavA bIjAM sAdhano vasAvavAM paDe che. AvI moTI rakama UbhI karavAnuM kAma tenI sAme eka samasyA banI rahe che. hAtha-kampojha dvArA cAlatA nAnA ke madhyama vartamAnapatrane potAnAM sArAM ane surucibharyA lakhANo mATe svaccha ane sughaDa chApakAma sAru, have mono ke lAinoTAipa mazIno cAle tema nathI. have to ophaseTa kaoNpyuTara AvI gayAM che. joke paradezamAM A baMne prakAro mono ane lAino jUnA jamAnAnA banI gayA che, paraMtu tenI kharIda paNa 6-7 lAkhathI ochAmAM thaI zakatI nathI. tethI AvAM nAnA ke madhyama kakSAnAM akhabAronI Arthika paristhiti sAthe bhAgye ja susaMgata manAya. vaLI e badhuM paNa adyatana TeknolojInI dRSTie to AuTa oNpha DeTa jevuM che. sAruM ane Adhunika prinTiMga banAvavuM hoya to phoTo kampojhiMga ke ophaseTa prinTiMga apanAvavuM rahe. paraMtu te mATe to 25-30 lAkhanI jogavAI karavI rahe, te AjanI paristhitimAM nAnAM ke madhyama akhabAro mATe zakya ja nathI. AjathI lagabhaga 15 varSa pahelAM 1985mAM nyUjhaprinTano bhAva Tana dITha rU. u000/- AsapAsa hato, e Aje rU. 22,000 jeTale pahoMcyo che. bIjI bAju phelAvo vadhAravo hoya to pAnAM vadhu ApavAM joIe, jethI vAcakane pastImAMthI maLatuM vaLatara lakSamAM letAM chApuM sastuM lAge, AvuM karI zake te ja akhabAra phelAvo vadhArI zake. phelAvo vadhatAM pagabhara banI zake ane sAthe pratiSThita paNa banI zake. paraMtu AvuM tyAre ja zakya bane, jo tene jAherakhabaro vadhAre maLe. je akhabAra jAherakhabaro meLavI zake te ja akhabAra vadhu pAnAM ApI zake. ochI jAherakhabara ane vadhu pAnAM ApavAnuM nyUjhaprinTanA UMcA bhAvanA kAraNe poSAya nahIM. (40 paisAmAM 12 pAnAM sAme 30 paisAmAM 9 pAnAM ApatA akhabAra zI rIte spardhA karI zake ?) A paristhitinA nirAkaraNa mATe "presa kamizana" ane "phekTa phAinDiMga kamiTI ona nyUjhapepara ikonomiksa' je kaMI sUcavI gayA che te AjanA saMdarbhamAM jUnuM thaI gayuM che. Aje to eka prakArano udAratAvAda (libarAilezana) ane temAMthI UbhAM thatAM harIphAInAM tattvone najaraaMdAja karI zakAya nahIM. ahIM moTuM mAchaluM nAnA mAchalAne

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dainika patronuM Arthika Ayojana [ 141 khAya te paristhiti dhIme dhIme UbhI thatI jAya che. AmAM vaLI ilekiTraka mAdhyama AvatAM e paNa jAherakhabara AvakamAM eka moTuM harIpha banI gayuM che. moTA bhAganI kanjhayumarsa cIjonI jAherakhabaro TI.vI. mAdhyamomAM cAlI gaI che. emAM to moTAM akhabArone paNa sahana karavuM paDe tema che. paraMtu eka AzAnuM kiraNa paNa ahIM che. te ekadama jillA kakSAnAM akhabArone maLatI sthAnika jAherakhabarothI jillA kakSAnAM akhabArone TakavA mATenI eka AzA che. Aje eka bAju nyUjhaprinTanI uparano aMkuza lagabhaga nAbUda thAya tevuM ja che. tyAre nyUjhaprinTanI bAbatamAM je thoDIka sagavaDo nAnAM akhabArone moTAM karatAM vadhu maLatI hatI te atyAre bilakula nathI. akhabArI arthakAraNanI trIjI bAju che - jAherakhabara. e jeTalI vadhu teTaluM te akhabAranuM arthataMtra majabUta. traNa-cAra samitio ane kamizanoe jAherakhabarane lagatAM vividha pAsAMo tapAsyAM pachI sarakArane karelI bhalAmaNone AdhAre, dezI bhASAnAM akhabArone A bAbatamAM prAdhAnya ApavAnI sarakAre nIti apanAvelI hovA chatAM aMgrejI bhASAnAM akhabArone dezI bhASAnAM akhabAronAM karatAM jAherakhabaronA UMcA bhAva apAtA rahyA che. sarakArI nIti ane rASTrIya netAonuM dezI bhASAnAM akhabAro tarapha sahAnubhUtibharyuM valaNa hovA chatAM, nokarazAhImAM AI.e.esa. kakSAnA amaladAronA manamAM ane vyavahAramAM aMgrejI bhASAnuM je mahattva ane prabhutva rahyuM che, te kAraNe aMgrejI bhASAnAM akhabAro pratye AvuM valaNa rahyuM che ane sarakAranI nirdhArita nItino amala paNa kaMIka UNo raheto Avyo che. jAhera sAhaso para temanuM prabhutva hovAthI, jAhera sAhaso ane jAherakhabaro paNa dezI bhASAnAM karatAM aMgrejI bhASAnAM akhabAro tarapha jhokavALI rahI che. uparAMta moTA udyogapatio ane aMgrejImApI akhabAro sAthe sIdhI ke ADakatarI saMkaLAyelA hoIne temanAM Arthika ane rAjakIya AdhipatyanA kAraNe jAherakhabaro para temano aMkuza rahe tethI temanuM lakSa paNa potAnAM akhabAro ke mAsa-miDIyA para potAno aMkuza vadhu rAkhavAnA irAdAthI jAherakhabaronuM valaNa moTA akhabAro tarapha rahe, tevuM karatA rahetA hoya che. vaLI, e vAta eTalI ja sahaja ane sAcI che ke, jemane potAnA mAlanI pratiSThA ke vecANa vadhAravuM che, teo potAnI jAherakhabara je akhabArono vAcakavarga moTo hoya temAM ja ApavAnuM pasaMda karavAnA. A samasyA paNa nAnA ane madhyama kadanAM akhabAra samakSa jAherakhabara kSetre rahevAnI. Ama chatAM e noMdhavuM rahyuM ke, dezI bhASAnAM nAnA ane madhyama akhabAronuM pramANa vadhI rahyuM che, teno vAcakavarga ekaMdare aMgrejIbhASI akhabAro karatAM vadhAre che. temano eka abhigama che : judA judA vistAramAMnA loko potAnA vistAramAM, temaja potAnA sAmAjika jIvana sAthe saMkaLAtA hoya tevA samAcAro icchatA hoya che. moTAM akhabAro jene vadhu vistAro AvarI levAnA hoya che, teo badhA vistAranA upara kahyA te prakAranA samAcArone

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142 D patrakAratva : eka paDakAra bahu mahattva ApI zake nahIM, AthI nAnA nAnA vistArAM pUratA sthAnika manAvI zakAya tevAM dainikapatro vadhyAM che ane vikasyAM che. tenuM kAraNa temAM apAtuM sthAnika samAcAronuM mahattva che. moTAM vartamAnapatro savAranA pahoramAM moTara dvArA AvI jatAM hovA chatAM dareka nAnA-moTA zaheramAM tenA potAnA sthAnika vartamAnapatranI mAMga vadhI rahI che, te sau koI jANe che. akhabArI vyavasAya mATe cotho ane mahattvano muddo che te anubhavI tAlIma pAmelA patrakAro ane prinTiMga-kampojhiMganAM navAM sAdhanono supere upayoga karI zake tevA tAlIma pAmelA bina-patrakAra karmacArIonI prAptino. A baMne prakAranA karmacArIonI agatya ghaNI moTI che, paraMtu jema sAmAnya rIte sarakArI adhikArIo ane karmacArIo nAnA kendrane badale moTA kendramAM rahevAnuM vadhu pasaMda kare che, vadhu tAlIma prApta DaoNkTaro ke evA anya vyavasAyIonI samAjajIvananI kalpanA ucca prakAranI hoya che, ane teo te kAraNe moTAM kendronI ja vadhu pasaMdagI karatA hoya che, temaja A akhabArI vyavasAyamAM paNa dUranAM kendro ke jyAMthI nAnAM ane dezI bhASAnAM akhabAronuM prakAzana karI vikasAvI zakAya evI zakyatA hoya che, tyAM A prakAranA karmacArIo prApta karavAnI muzkelI hoya che. ochI zakti ane ochI AvaDatavALAthI temane calAvI levuM paDatuM hoya che. Ama chatAM jyAre vetanano prazna Ave tyAre moTAM ane nAnAM kendro vaccenA taphAvatane dhyAnamAM lIdhA vinA, veija borDa ke e prakAranAM kamizano phera veija ane minimama veijane ja lakSamAM letAM rahyAM che. A kAraNe eka prakAranI Arthika asamatulA UbhI thAya che. A badhI muzkelInA ukela mATe 1954nA presa kamizane tathA 'panI phaeNkTa phAInDiMga kamiTIe khUba laMbANathI carcA-vicAraNA karyA pachI prAIjha peijha zeDyula ane bhAvaniyaMtraNanI je bhalAmaNa karI che te bhale Aje ghaNI jUnI gaNAya paraMtu haju paNa tenI AvazyakatA che. tene amalamAM lAvavI jarUrI che. akhabArI svAtaMtryanA baMdhAraNIya adhikAranA kAraNe suprIma korTe agAu amalamAM lAvavAmAM AvelA prAijha peijha zeDyulane rada karyuM hatuM. te pachI baMdhAraNamAM e mATe jarUrI sudhAro karI levAnuM kAma rAjakIya asthiratAnA kAraNe aTavAI gayuM che. tene pharI hAtha upara laI ukelavAmAM Ave to prAijha peijha zeDayula jevI vyavasthA goThavAya to nAnAM, madhyama ane moTAM vartamAnapatro vaccenI spardhA to dUra thAya, sAthesAthe dareka potapotAnI gajAzakti anusAra vikAsa paNa sAdhI zake. anya udyogo karatAM akhabArI udyogamAM eka vicitratA che. nAnA-moTA udyogomAM ekabIjAnAM hito sAma-sAme hovA chatAM temAM ekabIjAne pUraka banavuM paDatuM hoya che, jyAre akhabArI kSetra nAnAM, madhyama ane moTAM vacce enI viziSTa Arthika paristhiti, viziSTa rAjakIya paristhiti ane viziSTa Tenikala paristhitine kAraNe keTalAMka samAna hino hovA chatAM TakarAmaNa UbhI thAya che. prAijha peijha zeDyula jevuM hoya to AvI arthaDAmaNa ghaTI rahe. spardhA rahe topaNa

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dainika patronuM Arthika Ayojana D 143 te taMdurasta spardhA kahI zakAya evI rahe. sarakAra A dizAmAM vicAravuM joIe. "dainikapatronuM Arthika Ayojana" e viSaya eka hovA chatAM ApaNe upara joyuM tema enuM Ayojana, vistAra AdinI daSTie haMmezAM alaga rahevAnuM che. jema dareka kuTuMbanuM Arthika Ayojana tenI potAnI Avaka, jarUriyAto, pote jyAM rahe che tyAMnI sthAnika paristhiti, potAnA parivArano sAmAjika darajjo - A badhAMne lakSamAM rAkhIne karavAmAM AvatuM hoya che, tema dareka dainikanuM Arthika Ayojana ke tenAM prasiddhisthAna, teno potAno DhAMco, nAnuM, madhyama ke moTuM, jAherakhabaranI ke vecANanI Avaka, kharca vagerene najaramAM rAkhIne karavAnuM rahe che. AthI dainikapatronA Arthika AyojanarUpe koI sarvasAmAnya mALakhuM ApavAnuM saraLa ke vahevAru manAya nahIM. Ama chatAM kahevuM hoya to sAmAnya rIte evuM kahI zakAya ke, meTropoliTana siTI ke moTA sTeTa kepiTalomAMthI prasiddha thatAM akhabAra mATe eka karoDathI savA karoDa karatAM ochI mUDI cAlI zake nahIM, jyAre rijIyonala ke DisTrikTa senTaramAMthI te sthaLa paratve 40 thI 50 lAkhanI mUDImAM sAruM akhabAra ApI zakAya, paraMtu AvuM akhabAra jo e DisTrikTa heDa kvArTarsanI AgavI viziSTa paristhitine lakSamAM le nahIM, to tene mATe lAMbo vakhata khoTa khAvAnI sthiti UbhI thAya paNa kharI. temAMya veija borDanI bhalAmaNo pachI AvAM akhabAro mATe akaLAmaNa ThIkaThIka vadhI rahe. e ja rIte sarakAranI jAherakhabaranI nIti nAnAM akhabAro taraphI hovA chatAM ekalI e sarakArI jAherakhabara para kharca nIkaLI zakavAno nathI. temaNe paNa temanI sthAnika jAherakhabaro vadhe tevuM karavuM rahe. 6 pAnAMnA akhabAra mATe ke 8 pAnAMnA akhabAra mATe 40 TakA jeTalI jAherakhabara maLe tevI paristhiti sarjAya to ja te akhabAra sakSama rIte pagabhara thaI zake. je akhabAra pagabhara na thAya, khoTa khAtuM ja rahe, ane tene sudhAravA pagalAM na laI zake, to enI khoTa evI jhaDapathI vadhatI rahe che ke, te khoTamAMthI pAchA vaLavAnuM, UgaravAnuM saheluM rahetuM nathI, ane akhabAra baMdha karavA pharaja paDe che. Ama, koI paNa akhabAra mATe 40 TakA jAherakhabaranI prApti uparAMta Avaka, kharca ane phelAvA upara cAMpatI satata najara hovI, ane koI paNa akhabAra, te nAnuM ke madhyama, rijIyonala ke DisTrikTa hoya, tene mATe jarUranAM mAnavAM rahe che. ahIM dainika vartamAnapatronAM Arthika Ayojana paratve lakSamAM levA jevA mudAo, vartamAna muzkelIo Adino ullekha karIne A viSayanuM kaMIka sthaLa - bahu jhINavaTamAM UtaryA vinAnuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. ApaNI pAse evA mahAnubhAvo che, jemane dainikapatronA Arthika Ayojanano anubhava ja nahIM, saphaLatAnuM zreya paNa prApta thAya che.

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rira, denikonI vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM rahasya bhUpata vaDodariyA A yuga ja dainika vartamAnapatrono che. nirAMtano A jamAno nathI eTale dainika vartamAnapatra uparAMtanuM kAMI vAMcavA mATe khAsa samaya kADhavo paDe che. dainika akhabAra to moTA bhAganA mANaso mATe savAranI cA sAthenI eka rojiMdI jarUriyAta banI gayuM che. dainiko nahotAM agara bahu ochAM hatAM tyAre mANaso savAramAM pUjApAThane agrimatA ApatA ane pUjApATha karavA jeTalI umare nahIM pahoMcelA kasarata karatA ke pharavA jatA. paNa dainika ApaNA jIvanamAM dAkhala thayA pachI evuM banyuM che ke savArano ApaNo prathama mulAkAtI akhabAra bane che. kuTuMbanA nAnAmoTA dareka sabhyane akhabAra upara eka UDatI najara nAkhyA vagara cAlatuM nathI. Aje khAsa karIne dainiko ja cAle che. mAsiko turata mAMdAM paDI jAya che ane aThavADiko aniyamita thaI jAya che kema ke e baMnenI kAmagIrI dainikoe ThIkaThIka aMze chInavI lIdhI che ane je kAMI truTI rahI haze e lokapriya sAptAhiko samAcAra ke vicAranAM sAptAhiko nahIM paNa kutUhala poSanArAM abhuta rasanAM ke avanavI sAmagrInAM sAptAhiko- cAle che, phAle che ane ApaNA jIvanamAM jema jema phurasada ane kaMTALAnI lAgaNI vadhatI jaze tema vadhu cAlavAnAM. ' dainikanI vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM koI sauthI moTuM rahasya hoya to te e che ke teNe ekaladokala nahIM paNa kuTuMba-ekamane vAcaka tarIke pakaDela che. vartamAnapatra kuTuMbapatra che ane tethI e gharagharanI jarUriyAta banI gayuM che. tenI saphaLatAnuM eka moTuM kAraNa te mANasane ane tenA kuTuMbane gharanI bahAra zaheramAM zuM bane che tyAMthI mAMDIne AkhI duniyAmAM zuM cAle che te jovAnI eka bArI pUrI pADe che. potAnI sosAyaTIthI najIkanA relave phATaka upara koInA ApaghAtanI khabara tenAM saMbhavita kAraNonI aTakaLa sAthe bIjA ja divase savAre tenA hAthamAM Ave che. zaheramAM kyAM kaI philma cAle che, A varSe kerIno pAka kevo thaze, ke bajAramAM kerI AvI ke nahIM, khAMDa kArDa upara maLavAnI ke nahIM ane kerosInanI chUTa thaze ke nahIM te badhuM e vartamAnapatra mAraphate ja jANe che. eka vartamAnapatra sarerAza vAcaka mATe ekaso praznakuMDaLInI garaja sAre che. potAnA vistAramAM vIjaLI kyAre gAyaba thavAnI ane keTalA samaya pachI vIjaLIno paMkho pharaze te jANavA mATe paNa e vartamAnapatrano ja Azraya le che. duniyA A gatinA yugamAM nAnI banI che eTale je gAmanuM kadI nAma paNa sAMbhaLyuM na hoya tyAM koIka moTI honArata ke Azcaryajanaka bInA bane eTale

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denika patronI vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM rahasya [ 14 A gAmanuM nAma mANasane rahasyakathAnI koI akaLa ghaTanAnA UgamasthAna jevuM lAge che ane teno bheda pAmavA e talapApaDa bane che. vartamAnapatro enA A kutUhalane bIjA ja divase ThIka aMze saMtoSI de che. A badhI bAbatomAM vartamAnapatranI vizvAsapAtratA mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. vartamAnapatranI saphaLatAmAM vAcakavarganI A vizvAsanI lAgaNI ghaNo moTo ane mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. vartamAnapatranI saphaLatAmAM evo bIjo moTo phALo vartamAnapatranI aNadhArI ghaTanAnI paristhitine pahoMcI vaLavAnI sajjatA banI rahe che. vartamAnapatranI rojiMdI kAmagIrI barAbara hoya paNa kazuM aNadhAryuM bane tyAre e UMghatuM jhaDapAI jAya ane samayasara jAgI nA zake tyAre vAcakanuM mana te akhabAra uparathI turata UThI jAya che. vartamAnapatrano e khAsa niyama che ke dazerAnA divase ghoDo doDavo ja joIe. jema keTalIka vyaktio vyavahArakuzaLatAthI jItI jAya che, tema keTalAMka vartamAnapatro samAcArakuzaLatAthI jIte che. vyavahArakuzaLa mANasa prasaMgane barAbara sAcavI jANe che. lagna hoya ke maraNa hoya, teNe kaI rIte vartavuM joIe, vahevAramAM zuM karavuM joIe enI sUjhabUjha AvA mANasane barAbara hoya che. samAcArakuzaLa vartamAnapatra lokonI jijJAsAne uttejanArI ghaTanAnuM mahattva tarata ja kaLI jAya che ane te mujaba samAcAranI bAtamI ekaThI karIne tenI yogya mAvajata kare che ane keTalIka vAra amuka divasa sudhI teno pIcho pakaDe che. ethI UlaTuM, keTalAMka vartamAnapatranA Deska uparanA eka ke vadhu mANaso kazA mATe taiyAra hotA nathI. dhAraNA mujabanA samAcAro ke samAcAra saMsthAoe pIraselI khabaro temanA rojiMdA menumAM yathAsthAne hAjara hoya che paNa kAMI aNadhAryuM ane tyAre teo tene mAnavA ja taiyAra thatA nathI. temano pratyAghAta nakArAtmaka ja hoya che. akhabAranavezane potAnI pharaja barAbara bajAvavAnI dhagaza hoya to teNe kaMI paNa banavAnI mAnasika taiyArI rAkhavI paDe che. kadAca Aje rAtre ja pralaya thAya to navAI nahIM ema mAnIne teNe taiyAra rahevuM paDe che. keTalAka taiyArInI vAta to dUra rahI, kAMI paNa moTA samAcAra AvI paDe tyAre nArAja thaI jAya che. moTA khabaranuM svAgata eka lapa samajIne kare che ane tethI tenI mAvajatamAM kAMI dama dekhAto nathI. ekadama mAnavAnuM mana na thAya paNa sAcI vAta e che ke vartamAnapatranI rAjakIya nIti tenI saphaLatAmAM khAsa bhAga bhajavatI nathI. vAcakone atyaMta tIvra rAjakIya taraphadArI ke aNagamo gamatAM nathI. sarerAza vAcaka sAmAnya matadAra jevo che. koIka muddA para kyAreka te uzkerAya che, bAkI rAjakIya vicArasaraNInI bUlAtane te aMgata AbarUno savAla banAvI deto nathI. te amuka umedavArane cokkasa mata Ape paraMtu nAthAlAlane badale pUMjAlAla cUMTAI jAya to tenAthI te bhoMTho paDI jato nathI ke udAsa thaI jato nathI. AthI vartamAnapatra jyAre

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143 D patrakAratva : eka paDakAra bahu ja AgrahathI vAta kare tyAre te emAM bhAgIdAra banI zakato nathI. moTA bhAganA vAcako rAjakIya kabUlAtamAM eTalA badhA aphara ke akkaDa hotA ja nathI ane AthI potAnuM vartamAnapatra eka ja bAjunuM vAjuM vagADyA nA kare eTalI AzA rAkhe che. ekaMdare lokalAgaNIne pArakhanArAM ane tene mAna ApanArAM vartamAnapatro ahIM jItI jAya che. vartamAnapatrane lokapravAha sAthe cAlavuM ja paDe che. vartamAnapatra potAnA vicAro lokapravAhanI viruddha-paNa vyakta kare to tethI nuksAna thatuM nathI paNa tene jIdano viSaya banAve tyAre tene sahana karavuM paDe che. gujarAtamAM A rIte keTalAMka akhabAro tUTI gayAM hoya tevuM banyuM che. lokamatane ghaDavAnuM kAma vartamAnapatro kare che, ka2vuM paNa joIe paNa lokonA mAthe potAnA vicAro ThokI ja besADavA tevI nIti cAlatI nathI. lokamata sAnukULa na hoya tevA saMjogomAM paNa jema keTalAka rAjakIya netAo potAnI pratibhAne jore tenI upara savAra thaIne tarI pAra thaI zake che tema keTalAka taMtrIo paNa evuM karI zake che paNa AvA apavAdo ja hoI zake. vartamAnapatranI vyAvasAyika saphaLatA eTale enA phelAvAmAM taMdurasta vikAsadaranI vRddhi ane prajA uparanA tenA prabhAvanuM ekaMdara jatana. A baMne sadbhAgya sAthe nA paNa cAle. amerikAnA 'nyUyaoNrka TAimsa' jevA akhabAranA phelAvAmAM moTI haraNaphALa jovA na maLe paNa tenA prabhAvamAM ghaTADo thayo nathI. rAjakIya nIti ke bIjI koI paNa bAbatane lIdhe tenA vecANamAM eka maryAdA dekhAya paNa tenI ekaMdara saccAImAM vizvAsa TakI rahe evuM bane che. tenA daza lAkha grAhaka na baMdhAya paNa daza lAkha mANasanA vizvAsanuM mAna tene maLyuM hoya. vartamAnapatrano prabhAva tenA samAcAronI vizvAsapAtratAthI khAsa vadhe che. tenA koI ne koI samAcAra khoTA puravAra na ja thAya tevuM to na banI zake paNa vAcakane eTalo bharoso rahe che ke khoTA khabara maLyA haze paNa teNe jANIjoIne khoTA khabara chApyA nahIM ja hoya ane koI paNa khabara ApavAmAM vAcakone ge22ste doravAno teno Azaya nathI ja. Avo vizvAsa TakAvI rAkhavA vartamAnapatrane kAnanI bUTa pakaDavI paNa paDe che. amerikAe caMdra upara mANasane utAryo tyAre 'nyUyaoNrka TAimse' varSo pahelAM potAne tyAM chapAyelI eka TIkAnI mAphI mAgI hatI. avakAzayuga ghaNo dUra hato ane tenA Agamanano koI aNasAra paNa nahoto tyAre eka vaijJAnikanA 'zekhacallI taraMga'nI TIkA karatAM 'nyUyaoNrka TAimse' lakhyuM hatuM ke mANasa koI bIjA graha upara jaI zake te vAta ja azakya che. mANasa caMdra para kharekhara Utaryo tyAre teNe potAnI jUnI TIkA pAchI kheMcI lIdhI. vyAvasAyika saphaLatA meLavavA mAgatA vartamAnapatre khulluM mana rAkhavuM ja paDe che. varSo pahelAM eka gujarAtI akhabAramAM eka gRhasthanA maraNanA khoTA khabara chapAI gayA. e gRhastha jyAre e akhabAra pAse dAda mAgavA gayA tyAre taMtrIe sudhAro chApavAnI AnAkAnI karI. taMtrInI dalIla e hatI ke chApuM

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dainika patronI vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM rahasya B 147 bhUla kabUla kare te vAtamAM mAla zuM ! chApAnI AbarUnuM zuM ! bahu bahu to eTaluM karI zakAya ke tamAruM nAma amArI janmanoMdhanI kaTAramAM mUkI daIe ! 40 varSanI uMmaranA gRhasthane navajAta bALaka tarIke duniyA samakSa pharI vansamaoNra karatAM zarama thaI ane pachI jAherakhabara rUpe temaNe potAnI hastI jAhera karI. vartamAnapatra pagabhara thAya, saphaLa thAya pachI te potAnI bhUla kabUla karavAnI udAratA keLave tyAre tenI pratiSThA vadhe che. mAnavamAtra bhUlane pAtra hoya to vartamAnapatra mAtra bhUlane pAtra na hoya ! joke keTalAka vaLI bhUla kabUla karavAnI bAbatane muddala gaMbhIra gaNatA ja nathI tevuM bane che ane 'kSamApanA'nuM khAsa rojiMduM kaoNlama ja calAvye rAkhe che. vartamAnapatranI saphaLatAnuM eka agatyanuM kAraNa tenI samAcAronI mAvajata ane rajUAtanI ekaMdara saphAI banI rahe che. bIjI rIte vartamAnapatranuM dhoraNa sAruM hoya, sarasa lekhavibhAgo temAM hoya, lokapriya kaTAro hoya paNa A badhA suMdara TApuonI zobhA mArI nAkhe tevo samAcArono khAro dhUsa dariyo roja ghUghavato hoya, samAcArano gujarAtI tarajumo agamya hoya, keTalIka vAra taddana hAsyAspada hoya tyAre vAcakanuM mana UtarI jAya che. koI samAcAranI ochIvattI gaMbhIratA, tenuM mahattva ke tenA koI jarUrI muddAnI kazI kALajI ja jovA na maLe. vAcaka samajI jAya che ke caTaNIsaMbhAra ke ekAda miSTAnna sarasa che bAkI ekaMdara thALImAM mAla nathI. keTalAka vaLI potAnI A nabaLAIne sadguNamAM vaTalAvI nAkhe che. eka taMtrIe kaheluM ke amArA chApAmAM chApabhUlonA atirekane kAraNe ja vAcakonuM bhASAjJAna vadhyuM che ane amArA chabaraDA lokone eTaluM manoraMjana pUruM pADatA rahyA che ke amAre kadI koI alaga 2mUjI kaoNlamano prabaMdha ja ka2vo nathI paDyo. vartamAnapatra jyAre AtmasaMtoSamAM paDI jAya che agara ghareDamAM paDI jAya che tyAre saphaLatA kaTAI javA mAMDe che. vartamAnapatrano dhabakAra tenI tAjagI hoya che. pahelI ja najare je vartamAnapatra niSprANa lAge, udAsIna lAge tenAM aMdaranAM pAnAMmAM sonAnI khANa paDI haze toya tenI kiMmata nahIM thAya. taMtrInI ane taMtrImaMDaLanI tAkAta ke nabaLAI tyAM ja dekhAya che. vartamAnapatra TImavarka che ane samAcArataMtra kArbala hoya toya bAkInI TukaDInI bekALajIne lIdhe mAra khAI jAya tevuM bane che. vartamAnapatranI saphaLatAmAM A TImavarka bolatuM hoya che. AkhI TIma saMvAda ane zista vagaranI hoya tyAM ekAda sArA baeNTsamenathI ke baoNlarathI ke vikeTakIparathI koI phatteha maLatI nathI. kAraNa ke A to rojerojano khela hoya che ane vartamAnapatrone phrenDalI maeNcanI bhAvanA bilakula mAphaka na Ave. akhabAroe saphaLa thavA mATe potAnI eka zailI paNa vikasAvavI paDe che. 'TAima' jevA sAptAhike potAnI eka zailI pedA karI che. dainika vartamAnapatra mATe

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148 | patrakAratva : eka paDakAra AvI koI zailInI vAta na hoya paNa pahelA pAnAnA samAcAra-tarajumAnI bhASA, agralekhanA pAMDityanI bhASA ane jillAnA gAmegAmanA khabaronI bhASA vacce jamIna AsamAna jevuM aMtara paDI jatuM hoya che. bAra ke soLa pAnAMnA akhabAramAM vepAranA pAnAMthI mAMDIne siTI peija sudhInAM badhAM pAnAmAM koI ekasarakhI bhASAzailI saMbhavI zake nahIM paNa bhASAzailInI dRSTie zikharo ane taLeTIo hoya topaNa te eka ja girimALAnI lAgavI joIe. vartamAnapatranuM vyaktitva A rIte ja UpasI zake. vAcakonI pasaMdagInuM pRthakkaraNa karIzuM to A muddo dhAryA karatAM ghaNo vadhu mahattvano bhAga bhajavato jaNAze. saphaLatAnA koI niyamo to nathI hotA ane enuM koI rahasya hoya to te paNa AvA koI niyamonI racanAmAM saMpUrNapaNe khulluM paDI zakatuM nathI. eka navuM akhabAra badhA niyamono bhaMga karIne saphaLa thayAnuM eka dRSTAMta pUruM pADe tyAre niyamo pharI navesarathI taiyAra karavA paDatA hoya che. badhAM ja kSetrone A vAta lAgu paDe che. moTA bhAge niSphaLatAnAM ja tapAsapaMca hoya che - saphaLatAnI dareka vAta nyArI ja hoya che. atyAre paNa ApaNI pAse thoDAMka suMdara sAmayiko che, paNa je bhUtakALamAM hatAM tenuM smaraNa karatAM mAtra nAmo yAda karIne aTakI jaIe chIe. maNilAla nabhubhAInuM priyaMvadA', "sudarzana', ramaNabhAInuM jJAnasudhA', AcArya AnaMdazaMkaranuM 'vasaMta', zrI vizvavaMdyanuM "mahAkAla', zrI puruSottama vizrAma mAvajInuM "suvarNamAlA', hAjI mahamadanuM "vIsamI sadI', zrI munazInuM "gujarAta ke vijayarAmanuM kaumudI' - hajI AmAM ghaNAM nAmo umerI zakAya. A sAmayikomAM je kaMI sattvazIla hatuM e badhuM ja graMthasvarUpe ApaNane maLI cUkyuM che ? ApaNI pAse gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada jevI saMsthA che, vidyAsabhA, phArbasa, narmada sAhityasabhA jevI bIjI sAhityika saMsthAo che. prativarSa saMkhyAmAM vadhatI jatI kaoNlejo che, jeno dharma gujarAtI bhASAnuM adhyayana karAvavAno che. ApaNI pAse thoDA evA prakAzako che jemaNe nakkara arpaNa karyuM che. A sau jo eka evo saMkalpa kare ke ApaNAM A sAmayikomAM rahelI samRddhine ApaNe krame krame graMthastharUpe upalabdha karavI che to emAMnuM ghaNuM je TakAvI rAkhavA jevuM che e TakI rahe, eTaluM ja nahIM, vizALa vAcakavargane pahoMcI zake. - harIndra dave ('kalamanI pAMkhe'mAMthI)

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patrakAranI sajjatA 23 'n kirITa 2. bhaTTa AjanAM ApaNA jIvananuM koI aMga evuM nathI, koI samasyA evI nathI je patrakAranA kSetranI bahAra hoya. abhivyaktinA A kSetre eka tarapha ApaNA jJAnano vistAra karyo che, jijJAsAne saMtuSTa karI che to bIjI tarapha potAnI jIvaMtatAnA kAraNe janajIvanamAM paNa prANa reDyA che. akSarajJAna pAmelA mAnavIono moTo bhAga Aje chApAM sivAya bhAgye ja kazuM vAMce che e hakIkata svIkArIe to kArlAilanA A zabdo sArthaka lAge che. teNe kaheluM - 'Great is Journalism.' Ama jAhera prajAmatane, Adhunika saMyogo heThaLa, asara pahoMcADavAnI enI zakti agAdha che. prajAmatane ghaDavAmAM, vicAro ane abhiprAyone dhAryo vaLAMka ApavAmAM A kSetranA loko pAse je saMbhAvanAo che te kadAca, ATalA pramANamAM, anya koI kSetranA loko pAse nathI. nepoliyane AthI ja hajAra boyoneTanA bhaya karatAM cAra virodhI akhabArano bhaya savizeSa hovAnuM kahyuM haze. paNa jyAre ATalI zakti, ATalo vyApa ane ATalo prabhAva hoya, tyAre A kSetramAM paDelA patrakAronI javAbadArI paNa ApoApa eTalI ja bhAre banI jAya che. enI sAmeno paDakAra eTalo ja virATa banI jAya che. patrakAratva Aje have vrata rahyuM nathI, vRtti banI gayuM che. paraMtu A sthitimAMya jo patrakAro vidhAyaka dRSTi apanAve, dRSTivaMta netRtva pUruM pADe to teo prajAjIvanane uttamatAnI zodhamAM madadarUpa thaI zake ema che. koI paNa rASTranuM navaghaDatara karavAmAM rAjakIya ane sAmAjika kSetra, bhASA ane patrakAratva A cAra kSetronI sudhAraNA jarUrI bane che. patrakAra eTale samAjano sajAga praharI', 'patrakAra eTale lokamatano ghaDavaiyo', "patrakAra eTale lokasamUhanAM AMkha-kAna'- A badhI vyAkhyAo jotAM to patrakAra garIbaDo' jarAya nathI. hA, jene bIjo koI dhaMdho nathI eTale A kSetramAM AvI beThA che evA patrakAronI A vAta nathI. paraMtu svataMtra vicAra karanArA, dRDha lokamata ghaDanArA, gahana adhyayana, sahaja ruci, kaThora parizrama, vairya anaMta kutUhala ane mAnavIya vyavahArone yogya pariprekSyamAM samajI hakIkatane kauzalyathI rajU karavAnI kSamatA je dharAve che tenI A vAta che ane AvA patrakAronI javAbadArI savizeSa che. sAtatya, kriyAzIlatA ane kAryAnvitinI apekSA saheje tenI pAsethI rahe che.

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150 | patrakAratva : eka paDakAra lokazAhI dezomAM to saMsada pachI sauthI vadhu zaktizALI "presa' gaNAyuM che. lokapriya sarakAranA mukhya AdhArastaMbhomAM tenuM sthAna che ane AthI patrakAronI paNa eka sAmAjika javAbadArI siddha thAya che. temaNe "jana-hitaiSI' banavuM rahyuM. janatAMtrika saMsthAonA vikAsamAM patrakAratva mahattvano phALo ApI zake ema che. amerikana rASTrapati jepharsane kahyuM che ke samAcArapatra vinAnA zAsana ane zAsana vinAnA samAcArapatra - e bemAMthI mAre ekanI ja pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya to huM zAsana vinAnA samAcArapatrane pasaMda karuM. patrakAroe paNa janamata ghaDavAno ja nathI, tene keLavavAno paNa che ane tenA agraNI paNa thavAnuM che. A dRSTie patrakAronI kriyAzIlatA ati mahattvanI bane che. patrakAroe asaMdigdha rajUAta, banAvonA bheda pArakhavAnI AMtarasUjha, abhivyaktinI tejasvitA, khaMta, buddhicAturya, hiMmata ane agAdha zramazakti keLavavA rahyAM. bIjI patrakAra pariSada vakhate AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve yogya ja kaheluM, "satya prakaTa karI asatya ane ajJAnane vidAravuM e patrakAranI pahelI pharaja che... A uparAMta (tenI pAse) samAcAranI satyAsatyatA, enuM lAghava, gaurava ane sarasatAnIrasatA pArakhavAnI zakti temaja ene zabdomAM mUrtimaMta karavAnI sAhityazakti joIe." patrakAratvano Azaya satya-saMzodhana dvArA, satya tarapha janatAne doravA dvArA ane lokakalyANa dvArA sevA-vyavasAya calAvavAno che. A kArya atyaMta nAjuka, gaMbhIra ane javAbadArIbharyuM che ane A badhuM karavA chatAM mahenatanA pramANamAM paisA maLe paNa kharA, na paNa maLe chatAM "One must go on writing and recording until the pen drops from one's hand' e taiyArI na hoya ane A kSetrane vyavasAya tarIke nahIM paNa dharma tarIke apanAvavA je sajja hoya, je abhiprAyanA ahaMkAra ke sattAnA lobhathI alipta na hoya, je vidhAyaka, sahiSNu, saMyamI, sarvadA nIDara ane pratyeka mAnavIne zakya teTalI tako ApanAra na hoya, anyAya paratve asahiSNu ane chatAM sahRdaya na hoya evA patrakAronuM A kSetra nathI. sva-vivekI, sajAga ane satata kriyAzIla patrakAra zuM karI zake e ApaNe amerikana pramukha nikasananA prasaMgathI jANIe chIe. gAMdhIjInAM 'navajIvana' ke 'yaMga inDiyA' ke tilakanuM 'kesarI' ke amRtalAla zeThanuM pradAna ApaNAthI ajANyuM nathI. ane tethI ja kriyAzIla patrakAra zuM karI zake evo prazna pUchavA karatAM e zuM na karI zake ema pUchavuM vadhu sArthaka gaNAze. uttama patrakAra zuM karI zake enuM eka ja udAharaNa paryApta thaze.

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patrakAranI sajjatA - 151 15mI eprila 1913nA divase navuM, vizALakAya TITenika jahAja tenI prathama sapharamAM ja DUbavA lAgyuM. 1300 musApharo ane 850 karmacArIone laI jatuM prathama kakSAnuM A jahAja eve sthaLe DUbI rahyuM hatuM ke kazI sahAya meLavavI asaMbhava hatI. nyUyaoNrkanuM 'inDipenDanTa' akhabAra, AkharI opa pAmI, mudraNayaMtra para caDavAmAM hatuM tyAM ja A samAcAra AvyA. ne tarata prathama pRSThanA samAcAronI pherabadalI zarU thaI. cAra divasa pahelAM ja jene bhavya vidAya ApavAmAM AvI hatI te jahAja aMgenI badhI ja vigato maMgAvAI, 'TITenika'nA traNa moTA blaoNka taiyAra karAyA. jahAjI kaMpanI pAsethI musApharo ane karmacArInAM nAma-saranAmAM meLavI levAyA, jahAjanA kaptAna smithanI jIvana-jharamara taiyAra karAI ane kSaNe kSaNe maLatA samAcArone taiyAra karI kaMpojha vibhAgane pahoMcADAyA. Apa nahIM mAno paNa A badhuM mAtra aDadhA ja kalAkamAM karI levAyuM ane barAbara trIsa miniTa pachI 'inDipenDanTa' chellA samAcAra sAthe mazIna para caDhyuM. vartamAnapatronA itihAsamAM AvuM udAharaNa bhAgye ja bIjuM maLe, paNa eka 'inDipenDanTa' je karI zakyuM te bIjuM koI paNa akhabAra dhAre to karI zake kharuM. vijJAna Aje to ghaNuM vikasyuM che. sagavaDo khUba vadhI che. ane eTale aMze e jamAnAmAM kaThina gaNAtAM kAryo Aje sa2La banyAM che. Ama chatAM patrakAranuM jIvana kAMTALo tAja che. bahArathI raMgIluM, jhamakadAra, rasajharatuM dekhAtuM tenuM jIvana kharekhara evuM nathI. zrI 2meza gautama yogya ja noMdhe che : "sAco patrakAra koInA kahevAthI koI thaI zakato nathI, koIno banAvyo banato nathI. e to eka dhUna che. jIvanabharanI laganI che, zokha che. vazIkaraNamaMtra che. eka vAra patrakAra thayo te AjIvana patrakAra rahyo samajavo. akhabArI jIvananuM jeNe lohI cAkhyuM, tene enI suratA lAgI ja samajavI. e lata chUTe, to jIva sAthe jAya, te pahelAM nahIM. patrakAratva eka manodazA che. cittanI aTala sthiti che.... enuM citta, enI vRtti, enI kalpanA, enI kAyAnuM rUMverUMvuM patrakAratvanI lAkSaNika pravRttio mATe taDape che." ane evI cittavRtti sAthe prAmANikatA hoya, kartavyaniSThA hoya, kAryakSamatA hoya, sAthe sAhasa ane sUjha hoya to ApoApa e patrakAra alaga tarI Ave. phrAMsamAM Liberty, equality and fraternity - A traNa zabdo krAMti

Page #153
15ra | patrakAratva : eka paDakAra sarjI zakyA. nelsananuM eka sUtra - 'England expects everyman to do his duty' fullauret Said asj. 'Hang the Kaiser' sel sisss guir mahAyuddha jItI gayo - paNa e badhA pAchaLa cokkasa hetu, spaSTa uddeza ane sacoTatA anivArya. patrakAranI sajjatA mATe paNa A guNonI anivAryatA che. mahAtmA gAMdhIe kahyA mujaba patrakAratvano uddeza janatAnI icchAo-vicArone samajavAno ane tene vyakta karavAno che. bIjo uddeza che lokomAM vAMchanIya bhAvanAo jAgrata karavAno ane trIjo uddeza che sArvajanika doSone nirbhayatAthI pragaTa karavAno. jo Ajano patrakAra A dhyeya najara samakSa rAkhI kriyAzIla raheze - jo eka lakSya, satata parizrama ane kAryaniSThA e jALavI rAkhaze - to AvatI kAla enI haze. samAcAra ane vicAra nitaryA banatAM baMnenI abhyAsapUrNa mAvajata ane arthaghaTana karanArAM sAmayikonI ApaNe tyAM savizeSa jarUra che. emanI jo achata raheze to vicAronI daridratA dainikone paNa naDaze. kadAca phelAvo vadhaze, paNa sAmarthya nahIM vadhe. dainika ane sAmayika patrono tAttvika vikAsa aMtatogatvA vAcakanI sajjatA upara AdhArita che. jUjavA matonuM tolana karanAro, ghaTanAonI bhItaramAM pahoMcIne tenI beMddhika AlocanA karanAro vicArazIla vAcaka e ja to patrono dhyAnaviSaya hovo joIe. enuM samArAdhana karavAnI dRSTithI ja sarva pravRtti thavI joIe. - yazavaMta zukla (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM 24mA adhivezana prasaMge patrakAratva vibhAganA pramukhapadethI ApeluM vaktavya.)

Page #154
vyavasAyI patrakAronI samasyA 24 0 zazIkAnta nANAvaTI 'patrakAra' zabdano prabhAva haju samAja upara sAro che. patrakAra zabda eka evo jAduI cirAga che ke jenuM nAma paDatAM rAjabhavanathI mAMDIne esa.TI. ke e.ema.TI.esa.nA daravAjAo phaTa karatAMka khUlI jatA hoya che ane haoNspiTalathI mAMDIne sinemAghara sudhI te katAramAM UbhA rahyA vinA praveza pAmI zakato hoya che, evI Aje paNa sAmAnya mAnyatA che ane te sAva khoTI che tevuM paNa kahI zakAya ema nathI. AvuM mobhAvaMta sAmAjika sthAna bhogavato patrakAra tenA kAryAlayanI cAra dIvAlomAM kevo pAMgaLo ane lAcAra che, teno anubhava vinA bhAgye ja koIne khyAla AvI zakaze. AjanA patrakAranI kalamathI mAMDIne AtmAnA avAja sudhInI tamAma vastuo akhabAronA saMcAlako pAse che. sAMbhaLatAM kadAcane koIne AMcako ane AghAta lAgaze paNa vAstavikatA e che ke patrakAra khUna, baLAtkAra ke jugAra-zarAbanA aDDA paranA polIsa chApAnA samAcArathI mAMDIne taMtrIlekha sudhI je kAMI lakhe che tenA zabdezabda para akhabAranA saMcAlakonI AMkha pharI gayA pachI ja te chapAya che. hakIkatamAM Ajano patrakAra jaDa, acetana 'TAiparAiTara' jevo che, jenI cAvIo para saMpAlakonI AMgaLInuM dabANa thatAM avasAnanA samAcArathI mAMDIne, vizvanA rAjakAraNa sudhInI sAmagrI e "TAipa karI jAya che ! Ama bahAra vAghanuM mahoruM, paherIne gAle gulAla lagADI pharatA patrakAranA paga kAryAlayamAM paDatAM ja tenA gAlano gulAla kharI jAya che ane vAghanuM peluM mahoruM UtarI jatAM emAMthI pragaTa thAya che tejahIna lAcAra lahiyo ! AjanI patrakAra peDhI jo nisteja, uSmAhIna ke zaktihIna banI rahI hoya to tenuM kAraNa A ja che. A paristhitie potAnI salAmatI tathA saMrakSaNa mATe temane TreDa yuniyananA mArge dhakelyA che ane temane potAnuM yuniyana racI "saMgharSa dvArA siddhi ane salAmatI' e sUtra heThaLa ekatra karyA che. patrakAra ane kArakhAnAnA kArIgara ke peDhInA gumAstA vacce mULabhUta bheda e che ke patrakAra e sarjaka che ane sarjananI prakriyA mananI mokaLAza, salAmatInI lAgaNI ane potAnA akhabAra sAthenA ekaniSTha pArivArika saMbaMdhanI prasannatA sivAya zakya nathI. du:khanI vAta to e che ke keTalAka akhabAranA sUtradhAro A vAta

Page #155
154 ] patrakAratva : eka paDakAra samajavA ane jo samajatA hoya to svIkAravA taiyAra nathI. phaLarUpe vyavasAyI patrakAro ane akhabAranA saMcAlako vaccenA saMbaMdhamAM uttarottara aMtara vadhatuM ja jAya che. moTA bhAganAM akhabAromAM saMcAlako ane patrakAronA saMbaMdho AtmavizvAsa ane khumArI sIMcanArA kauTuMbika saMbaMdhonA badale Aje mAliko ane kAmadAro jevA banI rahyA che ane pariNAme navI patrakAra peDhI yaMtravat, binajavAbadAra, uSmAhIna ane nisteja thavA lAgI che. A ja prakriyA jo cAlu raheze to najIkanA bhaviSyamAM khumArIbharyo sAco patrakAra zodhyo jaDI zakaze nahIM. Ama potAnA svatva ane khumArIne kema jALavavAM e patrakAro mATenI pahelI samasyA che. vyavasAyI patrakAromAM be bhAga che. eka che ripaoNrTara, je bahAra pharIne samAcAra meLavato hoya che ane bIjo che kAryAlayamAM besI samAcAro ke lekhonA anuvAda ke saMkalanakArya karato patrakAra. prathama prakAranA patrakAranI samasyAno ApaNe pahelAM vicAra karIe. riporTaronA kAmano samaya ke kalAko nizcita hotA nathI. vaLI Aga, hullaDa, vagere jevA jokhamakAraka saMjogomAM emaNe khaDA page ane kyAreka covIsa kalAka paNa kAma karavuM paDe che. Ama chatAM temanA pagAramAM A aMgeno koI vizeSa lAbha hoto nathI. eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu AvI jokhamabharI kAmagIrI bajAvatAM temane zArIrika hAni pahoMce ke jIvanabharanI apaMgatA Ave to tenI sAme temanA ke temanA kuTuMbanI Arthika salAmatInI koI yojanA hotI nathI. pariNAme bhAvI asalAmatInI lAgaNIthI riporTara ke teno parivAra satata gUMgaLAmaNa anubhavato hoya che. ane samagra vyavasthAnI krUra majAka to e che ke A ja ripaoNrTara pAsethI atijokhamI paristhitimAM vadhumAM vadhu kAmanI apekSA rakhAtI hoya che ! Ama chatAM riporTara mATe moTA vImA potAnA kharce levAnI akhabAroe khevanA karI nathI. riporTarone khAsa saMjogomAM kalAko sudhI eka ja sthaLe paDyApAtharyA rahI paristhitinA samAcArapravAha sAthe rahevuM paDatuM hoya che. A kAmagIrI mATe temane nathI to koI Arthika lAbha apAto ke nathI koI temanI sagavaDanI ciMtA karatuM. riporTarone potAnA samAcAra-saMparko sAcavavA kyAreka koI be samAcAra temanA aMgenA chApavAnI ke temanA mAthe RNa caDAvavAnI jarUrata paDatI hoya che. parantu AvA prasaMge keTalAka saMcAlako evI zaMkAthI temanA tarapha jotA hoya che ke riporTaro kaMIka DAbA hAthano lAbha letA haze. pariNAme ripaoNrTara bhAre kSobhajanaka paristhitimAM mukAI jato hoya che. kyAreka koI riporTa anucita lAbha levA prayAsa nahIM ja karyo hoya ke "keza ora kAinDa mAM Avo lAbha nahIM ja lIdho hoya tema kahI nahIM zakAya.

Page #156
vyavasAyI patrakAronI samasyA 155 paraMtu saMcAlakoe goLa ane khoLa' vacceno bheda pAmavA jeTalI kuzaLatA keLavavI joIe ane koI eka prasaMgano lAbha laI AkhI ripaoNrTara jJAtine daMDavI na joIe. eka ja daMDe saune hAMkavAnI saMcAlakonI nIti ripaoNrTarono AtmavizvAsa haNe che, temanI niSThA naMdavAya che ane e bedilIthI yaMtravat kAma karato banI jAya che. have to keTalAMka akhabAroe sarakArI taMtranI jema khAtAonI pherabadalIno navo ravaiyo zarU karyo che. jema polIsa adhikArI ke sarakArI aphasarane eka ja sthaLe lAMbo samaya rakhAto nathI tema riporTarane paNa eka ja prakAranI pharaja upara lAMbo samaya rakhAto nathI. A kAraNe eka sthaLe ripaoNrTaranA vizvasanIya saMbaMdho baMdhAya tyAM to tene tyAMthI badalAI javuM paDatuM hoya che ane Ano geraphAyado Akhare to akhabArane ja thato hoya che. A pherabadalIo ripaoNrTarane "olarAunDara banAvavAnA AzayathI karavAmAM AvatI hovAnuM samajAvAya che. paraMtu satya e che ke saMcAlakone potAnA riporTaro para vizvAsa hoto nathI. temane satata zaMkA rahyA karatI hoya che ke A saMbaMdhono ripaoNrTaro potAnA aMgata hita ke hetu mATe upayoga karaze. kyAreka koI riporTare potAnA sthAnano upayoga anadhikAra hetuo mATe nahIM ja karyo hoya tema paNa nahIM kahevAya. chatAM A praznane bIjI rIte ukelavAne badale khAtAMomAM pheraphAra dvArA ukelavAnI prathA ripaoNrTaranA svamAnane AghAta ApanArI bane che ane teo khumArIpUrvaka kAma karI zakatA hotA nathI. saMcAlakonA AvA zaMkAzIla mAnasa ane jokhamabharI kAmagIrImAM bhAvi asalAmatI vacce svatva TakAvIne pUrA AtmavizvAsa sAthe kAma kema karavuM evI mahattvanI samasyA riporTaronI che. bIjA prakAranA patrakAro, jeo Deska upara kAma karanArA che, temanI samasyA vaLI alaga prakAranI hoya che. moTA bhAganAM akhabAro pAse repharansa lAibrerI hotI nathI. pariNAme kyAreka tatsaNa lakhavAnI noMdho mATe patrakArane phAMphAM mAravAM paDatAM hoya che. AvA prasaMge kyAreka potAnI yAdazaktinA AdhAre ke AjubAju beThelAMonI adhakacarI mAhitInA AdhAre emane lakhavuM paDatuM hoya che. AvA lekho ke noMdho, lakhanAranI pratiSThAmAM kazo ja umero karI zakatAM hotAM nathI. koI kahe to mAnI na zakAya ane kahenAra tathA sAMbhaLanAra baMne dIvAnA lAge paNa kaThora vAstavikatA to e che ke keTalAMka akhabAromAM sAmAnya rojiMdI jarUrato mATe paNa patrakArone menejamenTa sAthe saMgharSa karavo paDato hoya che ! ... ane ATaATalI pratikULatA vacce, mAnasika tanAva vacce temanI pAsethI ucca

Page #157
157 n patrakAratva : eka paDakAra koTinA sarjanAtmaka lekhonI apekSA rAkhavAmAM AvatI hoya che. sarjanAtmakatAne vAtAvaraNa, mAnasika praphullitatA ke suvidhAo sAthe je pragADha saMbaMdha che te vAta bhAgye ja koI menejamenTa svIkAre che. kAmadAra ane lekhaka vacceno bheda teo AMkatA nathI. AjanAM moTA bhAganAM akhabAroe 'taMtrI'no darajjo rada karelo che ane mAlikoe A kAmanuM sukAna hAthamAM lIdheluM che. Ama patrakAratva kSetramAMthI sva. sAmaLadAsa gAMdhI, sva. amRtalAla zeTha, sva. kakalabhAI koThArI, zrI haragoviMda paMDyA, sva. kapilarAya mahetA pachI Adarza ane pratibhAvaMta taMtrIono srota lupta thaI gayo che. A taMtrIo pote ucca koTinA patrakAro hatA ane navA patrakAronA zilpIo hatA. teo patrakAronI jarUrata ane gaurava barAbara samajatA ane tenuM kALajIpUrvaka jatana karatA. moTA bhAganAM akhabAronA AjanA taMtrIo mAliko ane vahIvaTakartAo che. paNa muzkelI e sarjAI che ke A be bhagIratha kAryonI kheMcatANamAM teo koI eka vibhAgane zreSTha banAvavA temanI zakti ane lakSa kendrita karI nathI zakyA. patrakAro pratyeno temano abhigama kaMIka aMze temano 'jusso' toDanAra banI rahyo hovAnI phariyAdo avAranavAra sAMbhaLavA maLe che. taMtrIo potAnA akhabAranI nIti ghaDe te to yogya ja che paNa rojiMdA kAmamAM Avo vahevAra kyAreka patrakAro mATe svamAnanA prazno sarjI jAya che. vyavasAyI patrakArone aMkuzamAM rAkhavA akhabAroe have 'mahemAna kaTAralekhako'no varga Ubho karyo che. ane A vargane savizeSa mahattva ApIne tene majabUta banAvAto jAya che. A kaTAralekhako niHzaMkapaNe buddhijIvI vargamAMthI Ave che. temanuM vAcanamanana ane lekhana niHzaMkapaNe uttama prakAranAM hoya che. zrImatI indirA gAMdhIe zuM karavuM joItuM hatuM ane zuM nahotuM karavuM joItuM, zrI jayaprakAza nArAyaNa, zrI morArajIbhAI desAI ke zrI jagajIvanarAme kevo rAjakIya vyUha apanAvavo joIto hato, cInanA AkramaNa TANe jana2la thimaiyAe lazkarI cAlamAM kyAM gaphalata karI ke jhUmAMthI chaTakelA vAMdarAne zrI DeviDa rUbene kevI rIte pakaDavo joIe vagere anekavidha tamAma viSayo upara potAno tatkSaNa mArgadarzana ApavAnI adbhuta kAbeliyata dharAve che. Ama chatAM A mahemAna kaTAralekhako vyavasAyI patrakAro mATe gaMbhIra paDakArarUpa che. akhabAro A kaTAralekhakonI othe vyavasAyI patrakArone vadhu ne vadhu tejahIna, zaktihIna ane lAcAra banAvavAno prayoga kare che. saMbhavataH akhabArI saMcAlakonI nema najIkanA bhaviSyamAM vyavasAyI patrakAronI jJAti nestAnAbUda karavAnI paNa hoI zake. -

Page #158
vyavasAyI patrakAronI samasyA 157 ekadoDha dazakA pahelAM patrakAromAM temanA akhabAra pratye je niSThA hatI, je kuTuMbabhAvanA hatI, 'huM evuM kAma karuM ke sahumAM huM ane mAruM akhabAra Toce UbhAM rahe evI je tamannA hatI ane bIjAM akhabArone savAranA pahoramAM saNasaNato cAbakho paDe evuM kazuMka "eksaklajhiva' karavAnuM je jhanUna hatuM, taMdurasta spardhA mATeno je thanaganATa hato te Aje kyAMya dekhAtA nathI. vyavasAyI patrakAranI sauthI moTI samasyA khovAyeluM svatva, roLAyelI khumArI ane chinna-bhinna thayelo AtmavizvAsa pAchAM pAmavAnI che - ane e pAchAM meLavavAno mArga to Aje to temane jaDato nathI. "AjanuM ApaNuM rojidu patrakAratva dekArAnI dazAne pAmyuM che, te to enA saMcAlako-mAlikonI TUMkI dRSTine pratApe. teo "Aja'mAM rame che, "AvatIkAlanI navaracanAmAM nahi. teo mAnatA jaNAya che ke rAjadvArI chamakalAM chApavAthI ane lIMbaDI-pIparaDI gAmonI khaLAvADonA havAladAranI khabara laI nAkhavAthI ja loko vAMcavA lobhAya che; sAhityanuM pAnuM to jANe ke pacIsa-pacAsa vyaktionA vilAsanI vastu che. AvI mAnyatAo dainika patrakAratvane eka zuSka, zUnya, saLagatA verAnanuM svarUpa ApanArI che. AvI mAnyatAo patrakAratvanI cetanA-vidyutane kevaLa saMhAra mATe, tamatamATane mATe, bhajiyAM taLavAnA tAvaDA tapAvavA mATe sevAya che; e eka vikRta ane vighAtaka mAnyatA che. - ratibhAra satya ane khAMDI khAMDI pracAravega; prajAnA cirasthAyI vicArabhAvone uvekhI kevaLa kSaNika Avezono ja bhaDako; svataMtra tulanAzaktino hrAsa karI jaI uttejanAnI ja ramaNalIlA; e kaMI rojiMdA patrakAratvanA na nivArI zakAya tevA anartho nathI, sAhityadRSTi patrakAratvanI zatru nathI. dareka lakhANa chApAMnuM ke copaDInuM jeTaluM sAhityaraMgI banaze, teTalI enI coTa vadhaze; enI mArmikatAne bhalI dhAra caDaze. e dhArane sAhityanuM pANI pAnAra navo lekhakavarga ApaNA patrakAratvamAM jozabhera dAkhala thaI rahela che eTale thoDA ja varSomAM AjanA patrakAratvano aneka truTiomAMthI chuTakAro saMbhavita lAge che." - jhaveracaMda meghANI ('verAnamAMthI)

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25 niSThA ane khumArIno raNakAra nIru desAI chatrIsa varSa jUnA dIrghakAlIna vyavasAya pachIno pratibhAva viyeTanAma yuddhamAM homAvA gayelA eka amerikI lazkarI javAna jevo che. helikaoNpTaramAMthI bhUmi para kUdatAM pahelAM eNe TopA para lakhyuM hatuM : "unwilling at the bid of the unqualified doing the most unnecessary thing for the most ungrateful." patrakAratva eka mizana tarIke svIkAryuM hatuM paraMtu chellA be dAyakAmAM je kamizana temAM pravezyuM che ene mAtra kamAI khAvAnA eka sAdhana bijhanesa tarIke ja tene mAnI aMgata mahattvAkAMkSA, sattA ane sTeTasa tarIke A kSetranuM je rIte saMcAlana thaI rahyuM che te saMdarbhamAM aMgata nirAzAnI lAgaNI koIka vAra svAbhAvika che. paraMtu A sthiti mATe ekalo doSa mAlikI ane emAMthI UbhA thatAM sAmaMtazAhI saMbaMdhono nathI. sAhitya ane patrakAratva baMnemAM mAdhyama zabda che tenI pratItikArakatA, asarakArakatA kSINa thayAM hoya to tenI kharI javAbadArI zabdanA sarjakonI paNa che. e svatva sAcavavAnI ane tenI sAmenAM jokhamonI, aMtarAyo ane paDakAronI vAto kare che. A vyavasAyamAM paDelAonI muzkelIo ochI nathI. nIti e nakkI karato nathI. zuM levuM, zuM na levuM e mAlikanI munsaphI, pUrvagraho ane pakSapAto para AdhAra rAkhe che. patrakAratvamAMthI objectivity cAlI gaI che. prajAmatano, tenI lAgaNIno, praznono emAM bhAgye ja paDagho paDe che. samAjamAM je avidheyAtmaka, nakArAtmaka ane mahad aMze gunAhIta prasaMgo bane che, te Interpretative Journalismne nAme DokAM de che. vyavasAyanI bhautika muzkelIo paNa ochI nathI. judA judA vaktAonA vigatI bayAnomAM teno citAra apAyo che. te svIkArIe topaNa svatva sAcavavAno prayAsa patrakAre potAne ja karavAnA rahe che. e je mAnato hoya te pramANe prakAzita na karAya, paraMtu e prakAranA lakhANathI e zA mATe dUra na rahe ? sAcuM na kahI zake - paraMtu khoTAmAM zA mATe e pakSakAra bane che ? thoDAM nANAM kamAvA athavA to saMcAlakone rIjhavavA athavA to nokarInI salAmatInA nAma heThaLa e potAnI kalama gaMdA pANImAM zuM karavA boLe ? vyabhicAriNI kalama dvArA ja jIvatara zakya hoya to e keTale aMze vAjabI lekhAya ? e pachI svatvano vAta ApaNane zobhe che kharI ?

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niSThA ane khumArIno raNakAra | 159 patrakAre pote ja keTalIka lakSmaNarekhAo doravI paDaze. e khumArI keLavAze to ene kadAca thoDIka muzkelImAM mukAvuM paDe parantu yuniyana-saMghonA jamAnAmAM koI mAlika patrakArane tenI mAnyatA viruddha lakhavAnI pharaja na pADI zake - patrakAre pote ja AvI sUcanAone inakAra karavo joIe. AvI khumArI haze to ja enA zabdomAM baLa Avaze. sAhityakAra ane patrakAra na icche toye sAmAjika cetanAnA abhigamathI te alipta rahI zakato nathI. paDakArono rAtadivasa sAmano karavAnI zikhAmaNa ApatA rahe che. AvI zikhAmaNanAM sAmAjika pAsAMone teNe najaraaMdAja karavAM ja paDe che. enI kalamamAM ane zabdamAM jo khumArIno, niSThAna raNakAra nahIM hoya to e jAtane ja bina-vaphAdAra puravAra thaze. ( patrakAra pote ja enI jAta sAmenA paDakAranuM kavaca banI zake ane e mATe ja teNe prayatnazIla thavuM ghaTe. duniyAnI sAme UbhIne paNa ApaNo aMtarAtmA ApaNane je kahe che te ja karavuM, mArI jiMdagImAMthI ke mArA bolamAMthI je keTalIka vastuo zIkhavA jevI huM mAnuM chuM temAMnI A mahattvanI che. jeNe loka viruddha athavA mArA jevA mahAtmAmAM khapatA manuSyonI sAme thaIne paNa potAno aMtaranAda bIjAne saMbhaLAvyo che tene vaMdana hajo. evI zuddha paNa zAMta svataMtratA saurASTra' sahune zIkhavo e huM icchuM chuM." -- mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhI (zrI amRtalAla zeTha para lakhelA patramAMthI)

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parisaMvAdano samAropa yazavaMta zukla parisaMvAdanA arthane zobhe evo Aje parisaMvAda thayo. udghATananI beThakane alaga gaNIe to Aje eka ja divasanI avadhamAM pAMca beThako thaI. divasa Akho Aje anubhavIonI jJAnavArtA sAMbhaLI. alabatta, jhoka sAhitya karatAM patrakAratva upara vadhu rahyo, paNa eka rIte e sAruM thayuM. yajamAna saMsthAomAMnI eka to potAnI malTI korsa yojanA anvaye patrakAratvanA vargo paNa calAve che. A vargone varSabhara pahoMce eTaluM khAja ATalA eka divasanA parisaMvAdamAMthI maLI raheze. vaktAo badhA ja adhikArI anubhavIo hatA. badhA ja potAnuM lesana barAbara karI lAvyA hatA. moTA bhAganAe to pote taiyAra karI lAvelAM lekhita vaktavyo rajU karyA. huM AzA rAkhuM chuM ke A viSayanA abhyAsIone mudrita rIte e kyAreka sulabha karI ApavAmAM Avaze. e jarUranuM che, kema ke vaktAoe Aje prAmANIka AtmanirIkSaNano saMvedanazIla avAja saMbhaLAvyo che. vyavahAranA praznonI paNa uttama mAMDaNI thaI. emanAM vidhAnomAM kyAMka alpokti ke atizayokti haze, koI koInAM vidhAno parasparavirodhI ke vivAdAspada paNa haze, paNa koI Aje bolavA khAtara bolyuM nathI. A parisaMvAdanuM A moTAmAM moTuM zreya che. anAyAse ja sAhityakAro ane patrakArono A parisaMvAda eka maMca banI gayo. svAda eno evo rahI gayo che ke AvA parisaMvAda vAraMvAra yojAtA rahe emAM sAhitya ane patrakAratva ubhayanuM zreya che. hariphAIo patro ane patramAliko vacce bhale rahetI hoya; kadAca vikAsa mATe spardhA jarUrI paNa banI rahetI haze. paNa spardhA dhaMdhAmAM hoya, vyavasAyamAM hoya nahIM. vyavasAyIo tarIke to patrakAro ane sAhityasevIonuM lakSya eka ja hoya : emanA potAnA vAcakone vikAsamAM sahAyabhUta thavAnuM. pariSada mATe to A eka atonementno- prAyazcittano avasara che. 75 varSa pUrve sthapAyelI sAhitya pariSada aneka saMskArapravRttiono varSo sudhI maMca banI rahelI. eTale sAhitya uparAMta dharma, kalA, zikSaNa, tattvajJAna, vijJAna, itihAsa, patrakAratva Adi viSayavibhAgo paNa pariSadanA adhivezano vakhate rakhAtAM hatAM.

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parisaMvAdano samAropa 191 ethI eka AMtaravidyAkIya meLo racAto. paNa sAhityetara viSayoe chellAM keTalAMka varSo daramyAna abhuta vikAsa sAdhIne potapotAnA adhivezano bharavA mAMDyAM che. tethI namrapaNe pariSade pachI sAhityika prazno upara dhyAna ekAgra karavAnuM TharAvyuM. svAbhAvika rIte ja pachI to patrakAratva vibhAga paNa nIkaLI gayo. pariSadanA dilhI adhivezana prasaMge patrakAratvano vibhAga rakhAyo hato te chelavelo hato. A bolanAra e vibhAgano pramukha hato, eTale ja kadAca, A upasaMhAranuM kartavya ene bhAge AvyuM lAge che. paNa patrakAratvano vibhAga nAbUda thayo e sAruM karyuM ke nahIM e eka prazna rahI javAno. Aje savAre udghATana-pravacana karatAM zrI vADIbhAI DagalIe yathArtha ja kahyuM ke, bhASA e sAhitya ane patrakAratvano kAco mAla che. baMnenAM aneka milanabiMduo che, bhale lakSyo judAM hoya. eTale pariSada patrakAratvano vibhAga rAkhe ke na rAkhe to paNa AvAM milano ane parisaMvAdo yojAtAM rahevAM joIe. e dRSTie ja meM kahyuM ke, pariSada mATe A eka kSatipUrtino-prAyazcittano avasara banI gayo. atithivizeSa zrI cImanabhAI paTele (taMtrI - "saMdeza') patrakAratva mATenI AcArasaMhitA upara yathArtha bhAra mUkyo. pratyeka patranuM taMtra TrasTIzIpanI rIte cAle ema paNa temaNe kahyuM eno marma kadAca e che ke vyavasAya vyavasAya tarIke mAlikanokaranA bhAvathI nahIM, paNa bhAgIdArInI bhAvanAthI cAle. jyAre vyavasAyamAMthI dharma nIkaLI jAya che, tyAre e dhaMdho banI jAya che. jo patrakAro sAcA arthamAM vyavasAyI haze to mAliko potapotAnA sthAne raheze. zrI vAsudeva mahetAne mAliko rahe teno vAMdho nathI paNa teo emanA cokaThAmAM rahe ema temanuM kahevuM hatuM. mAliko pote patrakAro hoya to to cokaThAmAM rahevAnuM emane jarUra posAya. paNa te vinA to patranA yogakSemanA cokaThAmAM ja temanuM vAstavika sthAna hoI zake ne ! eka vaktA mitre barnArDa zaoNne yAda karIne kahyuM ke, "All Literatue is Journalism." "kvinTesA oNpha insenijhama'nA AmukhamAM barnArDa zaoNe jyAre A vAta karI tyAre ucca starethI sAhityanA pracAradharmanI vAta temaNe karI hatI. harIndrabhAIe paNa kahyuM ke patrakAratva ane sAhitya vacce pote bheda karatA nathI. paNa A ucca starethI kahevAyelI vAta che kema ke jIvananuM satya, jIvananuM tathya, ubhayano

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162 O patrakAratva : eka paDakAra viSaya che. patrakArane utAvaLe utAvaLe niyata samayamAM potAnuM kAma ATopavAnuM hoya che e kharuM, paNa e utAvaLa te to je te divasanuM kAma ATopavAnI utAvaLa che, potapotAnI sajjatA keLavavAnI e utAvaLa nathI. varSo pahelAM 'mAncesTa2 gArDiyana'nA adhipati sI. pI. skoTe eka evuM sUtra vahetuM karyuM hatuM ke Fact is sacred, comment free. emaNe e sUtra potAnA vyavasAyajIvanamAM caritArtha paNa karyuM hatuM. tathyane pavitra mAnIne prAmANikapaNe tene rajU karanAra ane potAnI samagra sajjatAthI tene vimarza karanAra patrakAra ja patrakAratvane Fourth Estate (cothI jAgIra) banAvI zake che. patrakAratva e niHzaMka eka paribaLa che. e samAcAra Ape che, pratibhAva Ape che. zAsanane jAgrata rAkhanAra e eka cokIdAra che, kema ke tenI sIdhI apIla rAjyanA aMtima sArvabhaumatvanA aMzarUpa lokone che. patrakAratva paNa lokacetanAne sparze che, ane tene jhaMkRta kare che. paNa enI A prabhAvaka zakti jo kharIdavecANanI vastu banI jAya to pachI e potAnI vizvasanIyatA gumAve che. jhaDapathI vikasatA yaMtravijJAne patrakAratvano bahoLo phelAvo karanArAM sAdhano pUrAM pADyAM che. jemAMthI nAnAM patro mATe kevA moTA prazno UbhA thayA che teno khyAla zrI pratApabhAI zAhe Apyo che. e Akho prazna alAyadI vicAraNA mAgI le evo che. paNa A parisaMvAdamAM kahevAyuM ke hajI to gujarAtanI vastIno eka TakA bhAga ja patro kharIde che. eno artha e thayo ke pAMcathI daza TakA loko patro vAMce che. zikSaNano ane akSarajJAnano phelAvo karavAmAM jo patro sahAyabhUta thAya to hajI vAcakavarga ane grAhakavargane vistaravAno bahoLo avakAza che. paNa vAsudevabhAIe bIjI eka vAta karI : jema jema patrono phelAvo vadhato jAya che tema tema e temanI vizvasanIyatA gumAvatA jAya che. jo A vAta sAcI hoya to phortha esTeTa banavAnI to A rIta nathI ja. lokacetanA jAgrata karavAnI, potAnI AsapAsa banatA banAvonI samIkSA karavAnI, lokonI emanI guMjAyaza vadhA2vAnI preraNA ApavAnI, ane temane potAnAM svAtaMtryonI rakSA karanAra nAgarika jIvananA bhAgIdAro banAvavAnI patrakAratvanI pharaja adhikAMze nIDara, taTastha, prAmANika patrakAro upara AvI paDe che. Ama kema nathI thatuM ? zrI narabherAma sadAvratIe kahyuM ke svataMtra abhyAsa ane anveSaNane nAme mIMDuM che. zrI Izvara paMcolIe kahyuM ke janmabhUmi-pravAsI patranA eka

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parisaMvAdano samAropa 193 mAtra apavAda sivAya bahoLo phelAvo dharAvanArA patro pAse paNa samRddha graMthAlayo nathI. rAjakAraNa e ja patrakAratvano pradhAna sUra banI gayo che. zrI yAsIna dalAle kahyuM ke saMskAra-pravRttionuM riporTiMga to ghera gayuM, paNa evI pravRtti thavAnI hoya tenI samAcAranoMdha paNa pUrI pAdharI chapAtI nathI. hamaNAM dAdA dharmAdhikArI amadAvAda AvI gayA ane be vicArapUrNa pravacano karI gayA. kaze kyAMya enI noMdha sarakhI levAI hatI ? patrakAratve prajAghaDatara mATe have potAnA agratAkramo badalavA ghaTe che, ane lokajIvanane samRddha karavAnI nemathI ja potAno vyavasAya calAvavo ghaTe che. A bAbatamAM vyavasAyI patrakAro jo ekamata haze to mAlikonI spardhAnI emane kanaDagata raheze nahIM, sivAya ke ajANatAM e spardhAnA ane avaLA agratAkramonA pote ja vAhako banI rahe. bhAI zazIkAnta nANAvaTIe AkrozapUrvaka kahyuM ke patrakAra e vyAdhramukha paherIne pharanAro nirjIva TAiparAiTara banI gayo che. inDiyana eksapresavALA zrI kirITa bhaTTe kahyuM ke patrakAra marI gayo che. emaNe to hasamukha pAThakanA eka kAvyane paNa patrakAranI saMvedanArahitatA darzAvavA upayogamAM lIdhuM paNa zrI nIrubhAI desAIe yathArtha ja kahyuM ke patrakAranA uddhAranI cAvI enA potAnA hAthamAM che. potAnI sthiti mATe jo eNe koIne paNa doSa devAno hoya to te potAne ja che. kevo hovo joIe patrakAra ? bhAI bhagavatIkumAra zarmAe enAmAM sahRdayatA kalpI, sAMskRtika sajjatA kalpI ane svAtaMtryano abhiniveza paNa kahyo. bhAvanagaranA zrI kirITa bhaTTe paNa zabdaphere e ja guNo upara bhAra mUkyo. A te patrakAranuM varNana che ke sAhityakAranuM? sAhityakAramAM paNa A ja guNo apekSita che. kevaLa bhASA ja nahIM, A lakSaNo paNa patrakAratva ane sAhityanAM milanabiMduo che. patrakAra bhale vRttAMtanivedana ke vRttavivecana karato hoya paNa tenI sajjatA to bhASAkarma temaja abhigama ubhaya paratve sAhityakAranA jevI ja ho joIze. adhyApakatva ane patrakAratva e sAhityakArane mATe AjIvikAnAM adhikAMza sAdhano che e kaMI Akasmika ghaTanA nathI. paristhitinuM darzana, tenuM Akalana, tene vizenuM ciMtana samagra sajjatAthI ane saMvedanAthI sAhityakAra ane patrakAre karavAnuM che. sAhityakAra bhale zabda dvArA zabdArthanI pAra jato hoya, ane patrakAra bhale zabda dvArA arthabodha karAvavAnuM maryAdita kArya karato hoya paraMtu uttama patrakAra e uttama sAhityakAra paNa che e

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164 | patrakAratva : eka paDakAra zrI harIndra davenuM kathana nirarthaka nathI. satyanI ane sahRdayatAnI, sajjatAnI ane nirbhayatAnI bhUmikAe sAhityakAra ane patrakAra hAtha milAvatA rahe e ja iSTa che. bhAI kumArapALe kahyuM ke vikasatA viSayo mATe bhASA vikaselI nathI. zrI vAsudeva mahetAe phariyAda karI ke traNa majalAnI gujarAtI lipine kAraNe jeTalA avakAzamAM aMgrejI patro jeTalI sAmagrI Ape che teTalA ja avakAzamAM gujarAtI patro tethI aDadhI sAmagrI mAMDa Ape che. emaNe kahyuM ke sAhityakAroe joDaNI ane lipi ane bhASA paratve patrakAratvanI vahAre caDavuM joIe. caDavuM ja joIe, paNa ekalA sAhityakAro AmAM khapa nahIM lAge. patrakAroe ane sAhityakAroe sAthe besIne A prazna ukelavo joIze. Akhare lipi e saMjJA che. ene anukULa ghATa na ja ApI zakAya evuM nathI. e mATe mathAmaNo paNa cAle che. paNa patrakAratva bhASA bagADI na bese eTalA mATe eka mitre anuvAdazALA sthApavAnI himAyata karI. huM ene anumodana ApuM chuM. paNa gujarAtI patrakAratva sadAya paropajIvI rahevAne nirmAyuM nathI. vastunA svataMtra darzananI ane parAmarzanI apekSA paNa vAcako patrakAratva pAse rAkhe che. e mATe bhASAzakti vikasAvavI joIe. thoDAMka varSo pahelAM keslI menyuala oNpha jarnAlijhama' karIne eka graMtha mArA vAMcavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM eka lekhake gadyazakti vikasAvavA mATe kavitAnA abhyAsano anurodha karyo hato. AmAM to kAvya gadya ane padya ubhayamAM saMbhave che. paNa vyAvahArika jarUriyAto sAdhavA mATe patrakAratva adhikAMze gadyano upayoga kare che. paNa UMDI najara mAMDIzuM to koI paNa devatavALI prajA potAnA vyavahAru gadya paratve paNa anAyAse kavitAnI smRtinI ja RNI hoya che. ApaNe tyAM paNa narasiMha mahetAthI nalina rAvaLa sudhInI kavitAno uttama abhyAsa thAya to patrakAratvane potAnA bhASAkarma mATe sajIva zabdo anAyAse phurI raheze. patrakAra marI gayo che e zrI kirITa bhaTTanA udgAre ane patrakAranI sajjatA vizenI zrI bhagavatIkumAra zarmAnI apekSAe mane asamiyA kavi navakAnta barUnA eka kAvyanuM smaraNa karAvyuM. jyAre mAruM zaba buddhane maLyuM e A kavitAnuM zIrSaka che. maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane upekSAno prabodha mAtra karanArA nahIM paNa e bhAvo jIvanArA sudhdhAM evA kAruNyamUrtino saMsparza thIjI gayelA jaDa mAnasane thAya to enI paNa cetanA spaMdita thaI UThe ane vividha pere abhivyakti sAdhI zake. e kAvyanA

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parisaMvAdano samAropa 135 kavie pote karelA aMgrejI anuvAdane AdhAre meM eno AvaDyo evo gujarAtI anuvAda karyo che te Apane saMbhaLAvIne mAruM vaktavya pUruM karuM chuM. jyAre mAruM zaba buddhane maLyuM jyAre mAruM zaba buddhane maLyuM tyAre huM kaMI bolyo nahIM. emaNe paNa mane kaMI pUchyuM nahI. thoDo vakhata e kaMIka ekalA vicArI rahyA, ane pachI, ujANIe gayelA kaMTALelA ekalA paDI gayelA nizALiyAnI jema itihAsanA lIsA paththara upara emaNe potAnuM nAma ghasaDavAnuM zarU karyuM. emaNe mane kaMI pUchyuM hota to.... pelI jIraNa dIvAlanI phATa vacce UgelA pIpaLAnI amaLAyelI DAMkhaLImAM mAro uttara have UgI rahyo che; anubhUta AnaMdasamAdhinI mUMjhavatI kSaNe koI kumArikAnI nIlI AMkhomAM tArAnI mAphaka e saLagI rahyo che. mINanI mAphaka ogaLI rahyo che e koI putranA paththara hRdayanI upara TapakatAM mAtAnAM AMsunI jema; puSpanI mAphaka khIlI rahyo che e koI bevakUphanI vALa bharI chAtIne zaNagAratA zizumukhanI gaMdha pere. - --

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phalazruti |u raghuvIra caudharI AjanuM chApuM AvatI kAle pastI banI jAya che, jyAre sAhityakRti dAyakAo pachI paNa kyAreka pharI mAthuM UMcake che, ane tAjA gulAba jevI lAge che. paNa ahIM kahevuM joIe ke keTaluMka patrakAratva kalAkRtinI koTie pahoMce che. sAhityanuM lakSya samAcAra nahIM paNa mAnavanuM citta che. sthULa banAva sAhityano kAco mAla che. patrakAra bhASAzakti karavA jAya to bAvAnAM beya bagaDe. enI bhASA pratyenI sabhAnatA banAvanI asarakAraka rajUAta mATe che. jyAre sAhityakAra mATe bhASA sAdhana ane sAdhya bane che. tethI sAhityakAranuM citta tAjA zabdonI TaMkazALa jevuM hoya che. sAhityakArano avAja aMgata che, paNa patrakAranI jema teno viSaya to mAnavasamAja che. ekapAtrI navalakathA lakho to paNa tamAre pAtranI AjubAjunA samAja vize ja lakhavuM paDe. pAtranA mananI ja vAta lakhavI hoya ane tenA cittanI bahAranI duniyAne eka bAju rAkhavI hoya to mane dahezata che ke e sAhitya nahIM bane. pAtranA manamAM zuM cAle che, eTaluM ja lakhavuM hoya to te adhyAtma kahevAya, sAhitya nahIM patrakAratvane sAhitya pAsethI kaMI kharuM zIkhavAnuM hoya to te mAnavamUlyo mATenI cIvaTa. sAhityakAranI anukaMpA patrakAratvamAM praveze to patrakAratvanuM phalaka atyAre che te karatAM moTuM thavAnI zakyatA che... upara noMdhelA vicAronI vyavasthita rajUAta karIne zrI vADIlAla DagalIe parisaMvAdanA udghATakanI hesiyatathI anuvAda saMsthA-TrAnsalezana insTiTyUTa-nI mAgaNI karI. anuvAda eka viSaya tarIke zIkhavavAmAM Ave to sAhitya ane patrakAratva beu kSetrane lAbha thavAnI zakyatA che. zrI DagalInuM vyAkhyAna lAghavapUrNa ane suMdara hatuM. pariSade enA eka maMtrI zrI kumArapALa desAIne AyojananI javAbadArI soMpI hatI. AcArya zrI ema. sI. zAhe suvidhAo UbhI karI ApavAmAM ghaNI madada karI, paNa svAgata pravacanamAM to dhanyatA pragaTa karI ke gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada sAthe eka vidyAkIya kAmamAM joDAvAnI emane taka maLI. | nivRtta ane cAlu taMtrIo, taMtrIvibhAganA vidvAna patrakAro ane patrasaMcAlako A parisaMvAdamAM hAjara rahe, patrakAratvane eka udyoga tarIke vikasAvavAnI sAthe kevI

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phalazruti 167 rIte vadhu ne vadhu hetulakSI ane sAMskRtika dAyitva saMbhALato karI zakAya e carcA paNa abhipreta hatI. prAraMbhika beThakamAM pIDha patrakAra zrI cImanabhAI paTele (taMtrI, "saMdeza") patrakAranI satyaniSThA para bhAra mUkI eno mAlika taMtrI TrasTI tarIke kAma karI zake evI jogavAI sUcavI, potAnA anubhavomAMthI dAkhalA ApI tenuM samarthana karyuM. yuvAna patrasaMcAlaka zrI zreyAMsabhAI zAha (menejiMga taMtrI, gujarAta samAcAra') kahyuM ke mAtra DiplomAnI tAlImathI nahIM cAle, pIDha ane nIvaDelA patrakAro pAsethI navI peDhIe zIkhavuM paDaze. sAhitya ane patrakAratve ekamekanA sImADA oLaMgyAnA dAkhalA paNa emaNe ApyA. prathama beThakanA pramukha hatA vikhyAta ane vidvAna patrakAra zrI vAsudeva mahetA. viSaya hato : "gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM" A zIrSakano vikalpa sUcavIne bhUlo zodhavAnI sahaja AvaDatathI emaNe vAtAvaraNanI taMgadilI nAbUda karI emAM haLavAza umerI. bhASA ane paribhASA aMge sAhityakAro karavA jevuM zuM nathI karatA e paNa emaNe kahyuM. vaLI, beThakanA adhyakSa tarIke e bhAgyazALI nIvaDyA ke zrI baLavaMtarAya zAha ane zrI yAsIna dalAlanA svAtaMtrya pUrve ane pachInA patrakAratva vize abhyAsapUrNa ane suMdara rajUAta dharAvatAM vyAkhyAno emane sAMpaDyAM. nivRtta patrakAra zrI yajJezabhAI zuklanA taMtrIlekho' vizenA vyAkhyAnanA muddA zrI priyakAnta parIkhe rajU karyA ane "vRttAMtanivedana" vizenuM zrI jayavadana paTelanuM vyAkhyAna zrI mahezabhAI ThAkare vAMcyuM. patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa' vizenI bIjI beThakanuM saMcAlana zrI IzvarabhAI paMcolIe karyuM. "patrakAranI kriyAzIlatA' vize zrI kirITabhAI bhaTTa (vaDodarA) bhArapUrvaka bolyA. potAnI vedanA emaNe hasamukha pAThakanI kavitAmAM kahI. patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA vize zrI bhagavatIkumAra zarmAe aneka udAharaNa sAthe jamA-udhAra pAsA upasAvI ApyA. patrakArano lokaprabhAva' pro. caMdrakAnta mahetAe patrakAranA bhASA-prayoganA saMdarbhamAM samajAvyo ane zrI cImanabhAI paTele agAuthI mokalI ApeluM, patrakArane lokazAhI samAjanI cothI zakti gaNAvatuM vyAkhyAna zrImatI varSAbahena aDAlajAe suMdara rIte vAMcyuM. taMtrI tarIke pote sAruM evuM svAtaMtrya pAmavA bhAgyazALI thayA che, eno nirdeza karIne paNa IzvarabhAIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke kevAM maryAdita sAdhano ane niyaMtraNomAM rahIne ApaNA taMtrIvibhAgo kAma kare che. "janmabhUmi' pAse che evuM samRddha pustakAlaya dareka dainika vasAvavuM joIe.

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patrakAratva : eka paDakAra trIjI beThakano viSaya hato 'sAhityika patrakAratva' ane enA pramukha hatA jANItA sAhityakAra ane mUlyaniSTha patrakAra zrI harIndrabhAI dave. emaNe zrI kRSNavIra dIkSitano dAkhalo ApIne kahyuM ke eka uttama patrakAranI noMdhomAMthI tamane e tabakkAnA samagra prajAjIvanano sAMskRtika itihAsa jaDI Ave. pote patrakAra tarIke lakhatA hoya che tyAre lakhANane sAhityika banAvI devAmAMthI bacAvavAno khyAla rAkhe che e vAta emane pratItijanaka rIte kahI. A beThakamAM zrI narendra trivedIe 'sAmayiko - jUnAM ane navAM' e viSayamAM 'jUjavAM' zabda umerIne ja ghaNAM sAmayiko vize haLavI temaja gaMbhIra rIte vAta karI, ApaNA sAhityika patrakAratvanI lopa pAmatI ujjvaLa paraMparAo vize ciMtA vyakta karI. zrI narabherAma sadAvratIe gujarAtI sAptAhikonA svarUpane enI vAstavika sthitimAM vistArathI samajAvyuM ane kahyuM ke eka samRddha ane vizvasanIya gujarAtI sAptAhika Aje to mAtra svapna che. sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA saMbaMdha vize zrI kumArapALa desAIe beu viSayanA abhyAsInI yogyatAnI muddAsa2 vAta karI. to zrI niraMjana parIkhe patrakAratva ane sAhityetara viSayonA parasparanA AdAna-pradAnanI viSama paristhiti jAherAtanA varcasa dvArA samajAvI, vizvanA dUranA dezonA vAcakone eka vastunI ekasarakhI jAherAta kevI rIte sparze che, enA dAkhalA ApI beThakamAM patrakAronA vetana aMge pravartatI paristhiti ane mAMgaNI vize spaSTatA karI. A beThakanA AraMbhe zrI nAthAlAla davee vividha kavionAM kaTAkSakAvyo kahIne eka ramUjI pUrti karI hatI. 'patrakAratva : eka paDakAra' e cothI beThakano viSaya hato. tAjetaramAM ja nivRtta thayelA ane potAnA vatsala vyaktitvano sahune anubhava karAvanAra zrI nIrubhAI desAIe A beThakanuM pramukhapada zobhAvyuM. patra-saMcAlako temaja patrakAro sahune be kaDavI vAta kahI. koNa roke che tamane sAruM kAma karatAM, nirNayano amala karatAM ? tame chUTa ApatA rahezo to sahu koI tamane dabAvaze. zrI zazIkAntabhAI nANAvaTIe paNa A muddo to kahyo ja hato ke patrakAra potAnI pasaMdagIthI Avyo haze to ja kazuMka karI zakavAno che, mAtra pagAro ane sagavaDothI badhA savAlo nahIM Ukale. gujarAtI patrakAratvakSetre vRttAMta-nivedakonI zI paristhiti che e vize emanAM keTalAMka nirIkSaNo ciMtA jagAve evAM hatAM. potAnA ripaoNrTara para patra-saMcAlakanI zaMkA ane maLelA samAcA2ne pachI apAtuM juduM rUpa sAcA samAcAra ApavAmAM kevI rIte madadarUpa nIvaDe ? zrI bhUpatabhAI vaDodariyAe dainikonI vyAvasAyika saphaLatA vize askhalita vANImAM kahyuM ke lokapriyatA ane uttamatA e paraspara virodhI vastuo nathI. zrI 168 D

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phalazruti ] 139 pratApabhAI zAhe dainika patronA Arthika Ayojana vize abhyAsapUrNa vaktavyamAM vividha kakSAnAM dainikonI paristhiti judI hovAnAM kAraNomAM bhaugolika kAraNane paNa yogya rIte umeryuM hatuM. bhAvanagaranA kirITabhAIe eka DUbatI sTImara vize mAtra aDadhA kalAkamAM pAMsaTha varSa pUrvenA eka videzI vartamAnapatre moDI rAtre kevI rIte saMpUrNa mAhitI ApI hatI, enA dAkhalA sAthe patra ane patrakAranI sajjatA vize vAta karI hatI. dezavidezathI amadAvAda AvatA koI moTA patrakAra sAthe sthAnika patrakAra-lekhakone potAne ghera meLavavAmAM nimitta banatA nIrubhAIne AbhAra sAthe A lakhanAre kahyuM hatuM ke sAhitya pariSadanuM bhavana taiyAra thatAM e jagA lekhakopatrakAronI sahiyArI beThakanuM nimitta banI zake. savAranI prAraMbhika beThaka ane pachInI cAra beThako e sahumAM rajU thayelAM vicArabiMduonuM saMkalana karI pariSadanA upapramukhazrI yazavaMtabhAI zuklae upasaMhArane aMte asamiyA kavi navakAnta barUnI eka kavitAno anuvAda rajU karI patrakAra ane sAhityakArano vyAvasAyika bheda eka kSaNa mATe nAbUda karI Apyo hato. parisaMvAdamAM muMbaI ane saurASTramAMthI vaktAo uparAMta zrotAo tarIke paNa ghaNA sAhityakAro ane patrakAro hAjara rahyA hatA ane kula ATha kalAkanA vaktavya-zravaNano svAdhyAya karavA uparAMta yajamAna saMsthAnA saujanyanI chAyAmAM virAmanA samaye paraspara maLIne nAnI nAnI goSThIo karI hatI. *** agAu sAhitya pariSadanA saMmelanomAM vijJAna sudhdhAM sAtaATha vibhAgo rAkhavAmAM AvatA tyAre patrakAratva vibhAga avazya raheto ane enA pramukha tarIke varaNI pAmanAra patrakAra gaurava anubhavatA. pariSadanA kalyANa adhivezanamAM samUhamAdhyamo vize parisaMvAda yojAyo hato te anivAryapaNe patrakAratvane sparzato hato. e pachI sAhityane lokapriya banAvavAnA prayatno vize eka parisaMvAda 1979mAM yojIne emAM prakAzako-vikretAonAM sUcanono paNa lAbha levAyo hato. eTale ke saMmelana prasaMge vibhAga na rahetAM pariSada mATe patrakAratvanuM mahattva saheje ghaTyuM nathI. tema chatAM kazuMka vizeSa bhAve ane saghana rIte karavA mATe amRta-parvanuM varSa eka anukULa avasara banI rahyuM. koI vastunAM bhAgye ja vakhANa kare evA vAsudevabhAI paNa bolI gayA : ame patrakAro ApameLe A rIte maLI zakatA nathI. pariSade sahune meLavyA ane chellI kSaNa sudhI badhA sAthe rahI zakyA. jema lekhaka prakAzana-saMsthAnI maryAdAone sAmAnya rIte oLaMgI jaI zakato

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170 | patrakAratva : eka paDakAra nathI tema patrakAra dainika ke sAptAhikanA saMcAlakanI zaratI sRSTimAM baMdhAyelo rahe che. paraMtu lokazAhI dezomAM prakAzaka lekhakanA svAtaMtryane rUMdhato nathI tevuM ja patrasaMcAlako bAbate banavuM joIe. ene badale jovA evuM maLe che ke tenA gamAaNagamAne "paoNlisInuM svarUpa ApIne keTalAka patra-saMcAlako vRttAMtane paNa vaLAMka ApIne rajU karavAnI zista paLAve che. kadAca A kAraNe keTalAka tejasvI yuvako patrakAratvathI vimukha rahyA che. eka dainikanA kAryAlayamAM jaIe to AvatI kAlanI yunivarsiTIno AbhAsa thavo joIe. ekeeka vidyAzAkhAnA niSNAto tyAM beThelA hovA joIe. ahIM to pAyAnA saMdarbhagraMthonAM nAnAM pustakAlayo vinA paNa kAma cAle che. chellAM traNeka varasamAM je sAptAhiko cAlyAM che emaNe to videzI sAptAhikonI sArI evI jUnI pastImAMthI lekho laI laIne apUrva phelAvo karyo che. e eka vikrama che, lIlA dukALano. parisaMvAdamAM A prakAranA muddAo para bhAra daIne moTA bhAganA vaktAoe AjanA patrakAratvanuM saravaiyuM kADhavA saMniSTha prayatna karyo. saMgaThano dvArA patrakAra nirbhaya banI zake, AvA parisaMvAdo enI hetulakSI sakriyatA mATe bhUmikA UbhI karI zake, pIThabaLa pUruM pADI zake. aMgrejI bhASAnAM uttama dainiko sAhitya ane saMskRti-viSayaka keTakeTalAM pustakonAM adhikArI vidvAnoe lakhelAM avalokano chApe che ? e paNa alabatta, sAMskRtika ghaTanAone yuropanAM dainiko jeTaluM mahattva nathI ApatAM. Ambera kAmU akasmAtamAM mAryA gayA tyAre phAnAnAM chApAMe sAMjanI pUrti bahAra pADI hatI. ApaNAM dainika sAMskRtika ghaTanAo pratye vAcakone vadhu ne vadhu abhimukha karavAmAM madadarUpa thaze to lokazAhIne sudaDha karavAno e lAMbo rasto chevaTe TUMko siddha thaze. A parisaMvAda samagrapaNe patrakAratvano Adarza sUcavI zakyo. patrakAratva dvArA sAhityane lokagamya banAvavAnI zakyatA nirdezI zakyo. gujarAtI bhASAnI vartamAna sthiti ane AvatI kAlanI jarUriyAta vize sabhAna karI zakyo. A eka thoDIka saMtoSa laI zakAya evuM pariNAma che. enA yazanA bhAgIdAra sahu patrakAramitro ane murabbIo che. emaNe ema AzA paNa jagAvI che ke ghaNAM kAma lekhako ane patrakAro sAthe maLIne karI zakaze.

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patrakAratva : lekhasUci n navalasiMha ke. vAghelA chellA keTalAka dAyakAomAM patrakAratvanA kSetre ghaNuM ja kheDANa thayeluM che. gujarAtanA vividha vizvavidyAlayomAM A kSetre ucca zikSaNa paNa zakya banyuM che. vidyArthIone temaja A kSetramAM rasa dharAvatA jijJAsuone patrakAratva aMgenA gujarAtI lekho hAthavagA bane e hetuthI gujarAtI sAmayikomAM veravikhera prasiddha thayelA vividha lekhone saMkalita karavAno prayAsa A sUci dvArA karyo che. A kArya mATe "akhaMDa AnaMda', "UrminavaracanA', "kumAra', "graMtha', "navacetana', nirIkSaka', "paraba', 'phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA - trimAsika', "buddhiprakAza', "milApa', 'vidyApITha', "vizvamAnava' ane "saMskRti' ema kula 13 gujarAtI sAmayikomAM jUna 1995 sudhI pragaTa thayelA lekhono temaja gujarAtI sAhityanA vivecanagraMthomAM graMthastha thayelA patrakAratva' saMbaMdhI lekhono samAveza karyo che. A uparAMta chelle gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA saMmelanonA ahevAlomAM pragaTa thayelA "patrakAratva' viSaya paranA lekhono paNa samAveza karyo che. A lekhone "patrakAratva, patrakAro, 'vartamAnapatra', 'vartamAnapatra-taMtrI', sAmayika' ema mukhya pAMca vibhAgomAM vibhakta karI lekhakanI aTakanA akArAdi kramamAM mUkyA che, jemAM lekhanuM nAma, sAmayikanuM nAma, graMtha (aMka), mAsa, varSa ane pRSThanirdezanI vigato ApelI che. vivecanagraMthonA graMthastha lekhanI sAthe je te pustakanA prakAzana saMbaMdhI vigato laghukasamAM darzAvI che. AzA che ke A sUci patrakAratva kSetramAM rasa dharAvanArAone temaja abhyAsIone upayogI banaze.

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1. akkaDa, vallabhadAsa patrakAratvano kIrti-dhvaja. milApa aMka 117, sapTe. 1959. pR. 20-22 2. uddezI, cAMpazI vi. ApaNuM sine-patrakAratva. navacetana 33 (5) oNgasTa 1954. pR. 463-466 - navacetana 46 (4) julAI 1967. pR. 405-408 patrakAratva vize praznottarI. navacetana 47 (5) oNgasTa 1968. pR. 415-416 patrakAratva : sevA ke dhaMdho ? navacetana 36 (6) sapTe. 1957. pR. 580-582 5. elekjhAMDara, horesa coMkAvanAruM patrakAratva. milApa aMka 73, jAnyu. 1956, pR. 47-49 6. ojhA, DaMkeza patrakAratvanI duniyAmAM DokiyuM. vizvamAnava aMka 298, oNkTo. 1985. pR. 462-465 patrakAratvanI pagadaMDI. buddhiprakAza 128 (2) phebru. - 1981. pR. 94-95 [patrakAratvanI pagadaMDI : le. IzvaralAla icchArAma desAI - avalokana] lokazAhI ane mAnavahakonI rakhevALI. vizvamAnava aMka 253-254, jAnyu.-phebru. 1982. pR. 65-66 [nayanatArA sahagala, ajita bhaTTAcArya, kuladIpa nAyara tathA aruNa zaurInA 'inDiyana eksapresa'mAM pragaTa thayela lekhonA sArarUpa muddAo] 9. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga : patrakAritva : eka vihaMgavAlokana. pustakAlaya 16 (8) oNgasTa 1941. pR. 457-459 10. yugoslAviyAnuM patrakAratva. pustakAlaya 30 (7) jAnyu. 1956. pR. 353-354 11. svataMtra carcAnuM pratIka : amerikAnuM AjhAda patrakAritva. pustakAlaya 20 (4) eprila 1945. pR. 143-146 12. kAlelaka2, kAkAsAheba 3. 4. 7. patrakAratva 8. patrakArone dizAsUcano. buddhiprakAza 95 (2) eprila-jUna 1948. pR. 137-141

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lekhasUci | 173 13. kebrAiTIsa, pIerI ijiptanuM patrakAritva; anu. pIyUSa. navacetana 13 (4-5) julAI-oNga. 1928. pR. 3pa2-361 14. khuzavaMtasiMgha * patrakAratva : gaIkAlanuM ane AvatIkAlanuM; anu. sureza sAmANI. nirIkSaka - 13 (22) jAnyu. 1980. pR. 5-8 15. caudharI, raghuvIra phalazruti. paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980, pR. 45-450 ['sAhitya ane patrakAratva" pariSadanI phalazruti 14. jozI, ramaNalAla | gujarAtI sAhitya patrakAratva : paraMparA ane prazno. buddhiprakAza 138 (4) eprila 1991. pR. 124-127 17. DagalI, vADIlAla sAhitya ane patrakAratva. nirIkSaka 13 (37) me 1980. pR. 13-14 - nirIkSaka 13 (38) me 1980 - paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980. pR. 301-311 18. taMtrI, nirIkSaka patrakAra jagatanuM svAtaMtrya. nirIkSaka 1 (19) Dise. 1968, pR. 21. 19. zuM ? keTaluM vaMcAya che ? (laMga lAyabrerI, rAjakoTanuM sarvekSaNa) nirIkSaka 16 (22) jAnyu. 1983. pR. 17-18 20. taMtrI, pustakAlaya duniyAnI eka mahAna ane jUnAmAM jUnI samAcAra saMsthA -- roiTarsa. pustakAlaya 27 (1) julAI 1951. pR. 30-32 21. taMtrI, prasthAna presa ekaTanI janmakathA. prasthAna 18 (6) Aso. saM. 1990. pR. 583-584 22. taMtrI, buddhiprakAza gujarAtI patrakAra pariSada, buddhiprakAza 71.(11) nave. 1924. pR. 346-348 23. taMtrI, milApa ( patrakAranuM jAheranAmuM. milApa aMka paka, ogasTa 1954. pR. para 24. patrakAratvanI cAlaNagADI. milApa aMka 151, julAI 1962. pR. 16 25. taMtrI, saMskRti patrakAritva. saMskRti 3 (7) julAI 1949, pR. 245

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174 ] sAhitya ane patrakAratva 26. trivedI, zraddhA eka dizAsUcaka parisaMvAda. buddhiprakAza 138 (4) eprila 1991. pR. 127-132 [2 thI 5 mArca 1991 daramyAna gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM yojAyela parisaMvAda] 27. dalAla, yAsIna kRSi ripaoNTiMga ane kRSi patrakAratva. nirIkSaka 11 (22) jAnyu. 1983. pR. 15-17 28. svAtaMtryottara gujarAtI patrakAratva. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pU. 329-336 29. dave, harIndra patrakAratva. paraba 23 (3-7) jUna-julAI 1982. pR. 77-74 30. deDhiyA, gulAba patrakAratva vize parisaMvAda. nirIkSaka 17 (13) nave. 1983. pR. 4-8 31. desAI, icchArAma patrakAra pariSadanA pramukhanuM bhASaNa. vasaMta 29 (10) kArtika saM. 1984. pR. 376-396 32. desAI, kumArapALa saMpAdakIya : "sAhitya ane patrakAratva', parisaMvAda. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 1-4 33. sAhitya ane patrakAratvano saMbaMdha. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 401-410 34. sAhityika patrakAratva vize thoDuMka. buddhiprakAza 137 (3) mArca 1990. pR. 91-93 35. desAI, jitendra ThA. gujarAtI patrakAratva. vidyApITha 1 (1) jAnyu.phebru. 1963. pR. 34-37 - pustakAlaya 37 (12) jUna 1963. pR. 711-715 33. desAI, nIru niSThA ane khumArIno raNakAra. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 437-438. 37. desAI, prANalAla kirapArAma patrakAronAM kartavyo ane javAbadArIo.buddhiprakAza 71 (11) nave. 1924. pR. 322-328

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lekhasUci | 175 38. desAI, hemanta sAhitya ane patrakAritvano saMyoga.buddhiprakAza 131 (8) oNgasTa 1984. pR. 326-327 39. dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara bIjI patrakAra pariSadane svAgata. vasaMta 29 (10) kArtika saM. 1984. pR. 370-37pa 40. naheru, javAharalAla koIka chAne khUNeya. milApa aMka 34, oNkTo. 1952. pUMThA pAna ra ane pR. 41- 2 41. nAga, kSitIndrakumAra jAherakhabarono kharaca. pustakAlaya 29 (9) mArca 1955. pR. 358-359 42. nANAvaTI, zazIkAnta vyavasAyI patrakAronI samasyA. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 43ra-436 43. paTela, cImanabhAI patrakAra : eka vidhAyaka paribaLa. paraba 21 () jUna 1980. pR. 376-384 44. paTela, jayavadana gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedana. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 337-341. 45. paTela, raNajita ema. patrakAratva. arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityasvarUpono vikAsa (amadAvAda : gUrjara). pR. 212-215 46. paTela, vallabhabhAI joIe che, svaccha patro. pustakAlaya 13 (11) nave. 1938. pR. 674 47. parAzara huM kevo patrakAra chuM ? navacetana 62 (3) jUna 1983. pR. 37-38 48. paMcolI, Izvara prabaLa zaktinI racanAtmakatA. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 38pa-389 49. paMDyA, jayanta patrakAratva : samAjaparivartananuM mAdhyama.nirIkSaka 18 (27) phebru. 1985. pR. 6-11

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170 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 50. paMDyA, raMjitalAla harilAla gujarAtanA patrakAronI sabhA. buddhiprakAza 6pa (10) oNkTo. 1918. pR. 291-296 51. paMDyA, viSNu patrakAratvanA pravAho. navacetana pa3 (12) mArca 197pa. pR. 70 para. mukta patrakAratvanA nAme. nirIkSaka 4 (59) sapTe. 1971. pR. 15-16 53. pArekha, madhusUdana patrakAratva ane sAhitya, saMdarbha, saMpA. cimanalAla trivedI ane jayaMta koThArI (amadAvAda : gUrjara, 197pa), pR. 19-25 54. pArekha, hIrAlAla tribhovanadAsa gujarAta patrakAra maMDaLa - amadAvAda. pustakAlaya 2 (12) Dise. 1927. pR. para1-522 55. gujarAtI patrakAronuM saMgaThana. buddhiprakAza. 74 (1) jAnyu. 1927. pR. 19-21 paka. patra ane patrakAra. buddhiprakAza 71 (12) Dise. 1924. pR. 373-379 57. bIjI gujarAtI patrakAra pariSada - amadAvAda. buddhiprakAza 74 (12) Dise. 1927. pR. 370-37pa 58. bIjI gujarAtI patrakAra pariSadanA maMtrInuM nivedana, vasaMta 29 (10) kArtika saM. 1984. pR. 369 59. brokara, gulAbadAsa sAhityika patrakAratva. saMskRti 22 (5) me 1968. pR. 195-198 60. bhaTTa, kirITa patrakAranI kriyAzIlatA. paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980. pR. 330-363 61. patrakAranI sajjatA. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 428-431 62. majamudAra, devendra rUTara' (rAiTara : samAcAra saMsthA) kumAra 18 (6) jUna 1941. pR. 196-199 13. maDiyA, cunIlAla mAnavamUlyonI mAvajata. zAhamRga - suvarNamRga (muMbaI : vorA, 1969). pR. 150-15ra

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lekhasUci | 177 64. mazarUvALA, kizoralAla khoTI ane kharAba jAherakhabaro. pustakAlaya 23 (3-4) okTo.-nave. 1948, pR. 141-142 65. mahetA, caMdrakAnta patrakAratvano lokaprabhAva. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 372-37pa 66. mahetA, mohanalAla "sopAna' svataMtra ane satyaniSTha patrakAratva. saMskRti 18 (2) phebru. 1964. pR. 70-74 - pustakAlaya 39 (1) julAI 1964. pR. 8-14 67. mahetA, ravizaMkara gujarAtanuM palaTAtuM patrakAratva. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA-tramAsika 38 (3-4) julAI-Dise. 1973. pR. 29-31 18. sarvodaya yuganuM patrakAratva. buddhiprakAza 106 (11) nave. 1959. pR. 402-408 69. mahetA, vAsudeva naphA-toTAno hisAba. paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980. pR. 356-3pa9 70. mAvalaMkara, dAdAsAheba patrakAritva : dhaMdho nahIM paNa dharma. pustakAlaya 23 (1) oNgasTa 1948. pR. 19-20 71. mAstara, karIma mahammada islAmI dezomAM patrakAratva. navacetana 38 (2) nave. 1959. pR. 299-272 72. patrakAranA dhaMdhAnI javAbadArIo ane pharajo. buddhiprakAza 71 (12) Dise. 1924. pR. 358-361 73. mAstara, dharmendra khabarapatrIno Adarza. navacetana 40 (1) eprila 1961. pR. 133-139 74. mALavI, naTavaralAla brahmadezanuM patrakAratva. navacetana 35 (2) nave. 1957. pR. 229-272 7pa. mistrI, ibrAhima hAjI mahammada patrakAratvamAM ThaThThAcitro. navacetana 11 (5) ogasTa 1932. pR. 347348

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] sAhitya ane patrakAratva 178 76. meghANI, jhaveracaMda jokhamI vyavasAya. milApa aMka 1, jAnyu. 1950. pR. 9-10 77. rAva, DI. pI. patrakAratva. pustakAlaya 30 (9) mArca 1956, pR. 474-479 78. rAvata, bacubhAI gujarAtI patrakAratva : lokazikSaNanuM yajJakArya. prasthAna 41 (3) jAnyu.1966. pR. 139-140 milApa saLaMga aMka 194, phebru. 1966. pR. 33-36 79. vanarAvana patrakAranI najare navI duniyAnuM darzana. Urmi-navaracanA 59 (10) saLaMga aMka 706 jAnyu. 1989. pR. 376 80 vullI, rolenDa huM jo hiMdI patrono saMpAdaka houM to; anu. zazina ojhA. navacetana 32 (3) Dise. 1953. pR. 297-301 81. zarmA, bhagavatIkumAra patrakAranI sAMskRtika sajjatA. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 364-371 82. saurASTranA patrakAratvano itihAsa. graMtha 20 (3) mArca 1983. pR. 30-33 [akhabAranuM avalokana : yAsIna dalAla - avalokana] 83. zAha, candrakAnta amerikAnuM patrakAratva. navacetana 39 (1) eprila 1960. pR. 107-110 84. zAha, caMdulAla nA. hiMdI patrakAritva. buddhiprakAza 72 (4) eprila 1925. pR. 97-105 85. zAha, cunIlAla va. pAchale bAraNethI patrakAratvamAM. milApa aMka 108 Dise. 1958. pR. 29-32 86. yuddha ane patrakAritva. rekhA 3 (11) jUna 1942. pR. 65-68 87. zAha, baLavaMtabhAI svAtaMtrya pUrvenuM gujarAtI patrakAratva. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 321 328

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lekhasUci / 179 88. zAha, mukunda sAhitya ane patrakAratva. navacetana 59 (2) me 1980. pR. 14. 89. zAha, zreyAMsa paraspara pUraka pravRtti. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 312-314 90. "zAMtipriya', anu rUTara : duniyAnI eka mahAna ane abhuta saMsthA. navacetana 19 (3) jUna 1940, pR. 200-203 91. zukla, yajJeza ha. chellA pAMca dAyakAnuM gujarAtI patrakAratva. navacetana 50 (1-2) okTo.-nave. 1971. pR. 144-159 92. prapha vAMcanAra paNa patrakAra ja. navacetana 54 (7-8) oNkTo. nave. 1975. pR. 43-48 93. vRttAMtanivedana - ripaoNTiMga. navacetana pa3 (8-9) nave-Dise. 1974. pR. 41-47 94. zukla, yazavaMta parisaMvAdano samAro5. paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980. pR. 439-444 ['sAhitya ane patrakAratva' parisaMvAdanuM samApana 5. sAhitya ane patrakAratva : milanabiMduonI zodha. nirIkSaka 13 (37) me 1980. pR. 2-4 96. zeTha, amRtalAla saMgrAmanuM patrakAratva. milApa aMka pa5, julAI 1954. | pR. 28-32 97. sarakAra, kamala bhAratIya patrakAratvamAM vyaMgacitro. kumAra 39 (5) me 1962. pR. 200 98. sAmANI, sureza gujarAta patrakAratva adhivezana. vizvamAnava aMka 284, oNgasTa 1984. pR. 431-433 [21-22 julAI 1984 daramyAna vaDodarA khAte yojAyela patrakAratva adhivezana]. 99. hemANI, tribhuvana vIrajIbhAI patrakAra ane patrakAratva. navacetana 33 (9) sapTe. 1954. pR. papa9-56)

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180 'T sAhitya ane patrakAratva 100. lekhananI duniyAmAM. navacetana 39 (4) julAI 1957. " pR. papa9-560 101. vRttapatralekhana : dhaMdhAdArI najare. navacetana 45 (4) jAnyu. 1967. pR. 579-513 102. hastalekha(presakopI)nuM ghaDatara. navacetana 39 (3) Dise. 1957. pR. 319-324. * * * patrakAro 103. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga zahIda patrakAro. pustakAlaya 21 (pa) me 1946, pR. 182-183 anaMta gopAla zevaDe 104. vidyAlaMkAra, zaMkaradeva anaMta gopAla zevaDe. kumAra paDa (4) aMka 164, eprila, 1979 pR. 103-10pa amRtalAla zeTha 105. taMtrI, saMskRti sadgata amRtalAla zeTha : vIra patrakAra. saMskRti 8 (8) oNgasTa 1954. pR. 326 araviMda maharSi 106. vaidya vijayarAya ka. 'vaMdemAtaram'nA patrakAra zrI araviMda. mAnasI 13 (2) jUna 1949. pR. 201-207 Agarakara maharSi 107. taMtrI, mAnasI maharSi Agarakara. mAnasI 1 (4) akhAtrIja saM. 1992. pR. 446-449

Page #182
I. kRSNa Ayara 108. koThArI, sunIla i. kRSNa Ayara. kumAra 36 (1) jAnyu. 1959. pR. 3-5, 38 icchArAma sUryarAma desAI 109. taMtrI, samAlocaka prasiddha 'gujarAtI' patranA lokamAnya zrIyuta icchArAma sUryarAma desAInuM atyaMta zokakAraka avasAna. samAlocaka 17 (4) AMoNkTo.-Dise. 1912. pR. 249-250 110. maNilAla chabArAma 'gujarAtI'nA adhipatino svargavAsa. buddhiprakAza 59 (12) Dise. 1912. pR. 377-382 indulAla gAMdhI 111. adANI, ratubhAI 'Urmi'nA prathama taMtrI kavi zrI indulAla gAMdhI; ratubhAI adANI ane jayamalla paramAra. Urmi-navaracanA 56 (11) aMka 671, phebru. 1986. pR. 496 112. ojhA, DaMkeza lekhasUci H 181 indulAlanuM patrakAratva. vizvamAnavasaLaMga aMka 375-376. me-jUna 1992. pR. 79-83 113. jAnI, baLavaMta sAhityika patrakAra ane kavi zrI indulAla gAMdhI, Urmi-navaracanA 54 (4) saLaMga aMka 640, julAI 1983. pR. 201-202, 207 indulAla yAjJika 114. vaDagAmA, nItina indulAla yAjJika. kumAra (64) saLaMga aMka 762, julAI 1991, pR. 286-290 indra vidyAvAcaspati 115. vidyAlaMkAra, zaMka2deva indra vidyAvAcaspati. kumAra 43 (2) phebru. 1966. pR. 44-47, 73

Page #183
182 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva Izvara peTalIkara 116. zeTha, pravINa Izvara peTalIkara : sAhitya-patrakAratvanuM AgavuM samIkaraNa. vizvamAnava 26 (276) Dise. 1983. pU. pa29 umAzaMkara jozI 117. jozI, ramaNalAla umAzaMkara : taMtrI-saMpAdaka, buddhiprakAza 137 (12) Dise. 1990. pR. 373-37pa 118. zukla, yazavaMta caitanyadharmI mAnavapremI sArasvatanI ciravidAya. buddhiprakAza 135 (11-12) nave.-Dise. 1988. pUMThA pAna 3-4. e. esa. oksa 119. kAmadAra choTAlAla mAnasiMga prakhyAta vartamAna patrakAra sva. e. esa. oksa. pustakAlaya 10 (9) sapTe. 193pa. pU. pa04 eDavarDa baoNka 120. razmina, upa. eDavarDa boka. navacetana 33 (6) sapTe. 1954. pR. 56pa-pa67 121. rAvaLa, gajendra eDavarDa baoNka. kumAra 10 (11) kArataka saM. 1990. pR. 405-408, 432 eDisana 122. pArekha, madhusUdana sTIla ane eDisana : patrakAratvano udaya (aMgrejI sAhityanuM Acamana) kumAra 64 saLaMga aMka 76pa okTo. 1991. pR. 484-485 edalajI navarojI kAMgA 123. uddezI, cAMpazI vi. pUrva bhAratanA gujarAtI patrakAratvano pitA. navacetana 46 (5) phebru. 1968. pR. 561-564, 567

Page #184
lekhasUci 183 evarada maherajIbhAI 124. zukla, yajJeza be mahAna patrakAro : evarada maherajIbhAI ane pAlanajI mAdana, kumAra 48 (12) aMka pa76, Dise. 1971. pR. 519-520 kanaiyAlAla munazI 125. jAnI, rameza patrakAra munazI.graMtha 8 (10-11) aMka 94-95, oNkTo-nave. 1971. pR. 151-158 126. zukla yajJeza ha. munazIjI - jevA joyA ne jANyA tevA. navacetana 50 (2) me 1971. pR. 13pa-140 kapilarAya mahetA 127. taMtrI, saMskRti sanniSTha patrakAra sva. kapilarAya. saMskRti 23 (12) Dise. 1969. pR. 478 128. zAha, baLavaMtarAya karmaSTha patrakAra kapilarAya mahetA. kumAra 47 (4) saLaMga aMka 157 eprila 1970. pR. 134-137 karasanadAsa mULajI 129. taMtrI, kumAra karasanadAsa mULajI. kumAra 1 (1) poSa saM. 1980. pR. 4-9 kasturI zrInivAsana 130. akkaDa, vallabhadAsa kasturI zrInivAsana. kumAra 36 (8) oNgasTa 19pa9. pR. 302 35, 380 kAnta kavi 131, va, vijayarAya ka. kAnta : patrakAra ane gadyakAra. vidyApITha 6 (1) jAnyu. pha. 1998. pR. 27-31

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184 sAhitya ane patrakAratva kAmAkSI naTarAjana 132. dhru, gaTubhAI kAmAkSI naTa2Ajana. kumAra 28 (10) oNkTo. 1951. pR. 329-330, 363 kAMti bhaTTa 133. gora, ajita lokapriya patrakAra, kAMti bhaTTa. navacetana 63 (10) jAnyu. 1985. pR. 20-23. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA 134. mahetA, caMdrakAnta patrakAra kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA. buddhiprakAza 138 (11) nave. 1991. pR. 337-341 ke. rAmarAva 135. zukla, yajJeza ha. sva. ke. rAmArAva. kumAra 43 (11) nave. 1966. pR. 387-391, 414-415 kRSNalAla prabhAkara khADilakara 136. taMtrI, kumAra kRSNAjI prabhAkara khADilaka2. kumAra 25 (11) nave. 1948. pR. 325-328 gaTubhAI dhruva 137. zukla, yazavanta 'jyotirdhara 'nA taMtrI sva. gaTubhAI dhruva. buddhiprakAza 115 (6) jUna 1968. pR. 168-169 gAMdhIjI 138. dalAla, ramaNIkalAla ja. gAMdhIjI - patrakAra tarIke. navacetana 50 (2) me. 1971. pR. 149-151

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lekhasUci [ 185 139. pArekha, nagInadAsa gAMdhIjInuM patrakAratva. vidyApITha 16 (6) nave.-Dise. 1978. pR. 1-10 140. purohita, someza gAMdhIjI ane patrakAratva; anu. DAhyAbhAI jozI. navacetana pa3 (7) okTo. 1974, pR. 25-28 141. zukla, DI. ena. patrakAra gAMdhIjI. vidyApITha 5 (4) julAI-oNgasTa 1967. pR. 188-189 gopabaMdhu dAsa 142. TAMka, bihArIlAla gopabaMdhu dAsa. kumAra 54 (3) saLaMga aMka 739, mArca 1977. pR. 76-78 cAMpazIbhAI vi. uddezI 143. aMtANI jitendra ena. cAMpazIbhAInuM anuSThAna. navacetana 71 (2) me 1992. pR. 31-33 144. AcArya lakSmIprasAda ja. niSThAvAna taMtrI mu. zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 39-40 145. uddezI, cAMpazI vi. SaSTipraveza prasaMge. navacetana 61 (1) eprila 1952. pR. 13 146. kAMgA, jAlu navala murabbI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 39-40 147. gaudAnI, harilAla sahRdayI saMpAdaka. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 75. 148. cauhANa haribhAI navodita lekhakonI preraNAmUrti sva. zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetanakara (12) mArca 1984. pR. 35-36

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183 n sAhitya ane patrakAratva 149. jozI, umAzaMkara 150. jozI, kanaiyAlAla 151. jozI, dakSiNakumAra 152. acala zraddhAno mAnavadIpa mu. cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 65-67 traNa samavayaska mitro : ravibhAI, dhUmaketu ane cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (12) mArca 1975. pR. 14-17. 153. dhUmaketu, ravizaMkara rAvaLa ane cAMpazI uddezI. navacetana 71 (5) gasTa 1992. pR. 18-20 sadgata cAMpazIbhAI uddezI. saMskRti 28 (4) eprila 1974. pR. 108 154. jozI, zivakumAra 157. smRtinA jhaMkAra. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 89-90 155. taMtrI, kumAra 158. 159. 156. taMtrI, navacetana 160. 161. puNyAtmA mu. cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 86-87 svargastha cAMpazIbhAI uddezI. kumAra 51 (3) saLaMga aMka 603 mArca 1974, pR. 86-87 amadAvAdanA 'lokasamAcAra' dainike A patranA taMtrInI lIdhelI mulAkAta veLAnI praznottarI. navacetana 46 (4) julAI 1967. pR. 483-484. amadAvAdanA 'prabhAta' dainike A patranA taMtrInI lIdhelI mulAkAta veLAnI praznottarI. navacetana 46 (4) julAI 1967. pR. 485-487 AkAzavANI amadAvAde A patranA taMtrInI lIdhelI mulAkAta veLAnI praznottarI. navacetana 46 (4) julAI 1967 pR. 481-482 AkAzavANI parathI 'navacetana'kAranI mulAkAta navacetana 50 (6) mArca 1972. pR. 764-770 A patranA taMtrInuM kalakattAmAM thayeluM bahumAna. navacetana 45 (5) phebru. 1967. pR. 579-585, 589 A patranA taMtrIno sanmAna samAraMbha. navacetana 41 (3) jUna 1962. pR. 325-330 * navacetana 46 (3) 1967. pR. 361-367

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162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. lekhasUci U 187 kalakattAmAM UjavAyelo 'navacetana' suvarNa mahotsava. navacetana 51(4) julAI 1972. pR. 425-430 cAMpazIbhAI uddezI smRti aMka. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 1-138 cAMpazIbhAInI jIvana-tavArIkha. navacetana 53 (12) mArca 1975. pR. 74 cAMpazIbhAInI SaSTipUrtino jAhera samAraMbha, navacetana 31 (3) Dise. 1952. pR. 209-213 'navacetana'kA2ne amadAvAda abhinaMde che. navacetana 50 (6) mArca 1972. pR. 93-96 'navacetana'kArane emanI jJAti biradAve che. navacetana 50 (6) mArca 1972. pR. 841-843, 849 nArAyaNanagara sanmAne che 'navacetana'kA2ne. navacetana 51 (2) me 1972. pR. 236-238 premAnaMda sAhitya sabhA 'navacetana'kArane sanmAne che. navacetana 50 (6) mArca 1972. pR. 837-840 170. dalAla, ramaNIkalAla ja. cAMpazIbhAI eTale 'navacetana'.navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 61-63 171. desAI, kumArapALa vAtsalyamUrti cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 71-72 172. nAyaka, prANasukha niSThAvAna vAtsalyamUrti zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 77-78. 173. paTela, mahendra cAMpazIbhAI. pustakAlaya 48 (10) eprila 1974. pR. 499-500 174. paTela, lAlabhAI bI. sAhityaRSi cAMpazIkAkA. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 86. 175. paramAra, jayanta cAMpazIbhAI gayA ! mana mAnatuM nathI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974, pR. 83-85

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188 D sAhitya ane patrakAratva 176. paramAra, takhtasiMha cAMpazIbhAI : ciMtaka ane sarjaka. navacetana 46 (2) nave. 1967. pR. 171-180 - navacetana 46 (3) Dise. 1967. pR. 373-308, 392 - navacetana 46 (4) jAnyu. 1968, pR. 433-439 - navacetana 46 (5) phebru. 1968. pR. 537-542. 177. paMDyA, jamiyata - sanniSTha saMpAdaka mu. zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila me 1974. pR. 69-70 178. paMDyA, navInacaMdra vAtsalyano jharo cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 59-60 179. brokara, gulAbadAsa cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana dha3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974 pR. 25 180. bhaTTa, vinoda sva. cAMpazIbhAI uddezI. kumAra 54 (3) saLaMga aMka 939, mArca 1977. pR. 8788 181. majamudAra, caMdrakAnta ja. "navacetanakAra zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 93-94 182. mahetA, caMpakalAla sva. cAMpazIbhAInA jIvanaghaDavaiyAo. navacetana pa3 (12) mArca 1975. pR. 11 183. sAmayika saMcAlananA saphaLa sAdhaka zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 85 184. mahetA, jazavaMta eka murabbI, jemane meM hajI to oLakhavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 53-54 185. mahetA, vAsudeva cAMpazIbhAI kema amara raheze ? navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 33-34

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lekhasUci / 189 186. mAstara, dharmendra "madhuram' saujanyamUrti cAMpazIbhAInuM sAhityapa. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 82 187. sva. cAMpazIbhAInA jIvananI vAto. navacetana pa3 (12) mArca 1975. " pR. 19 188. maurya, vijayagupta mane yAda Ave che e pahelo meLApa. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 51. 189. yAjJika, caMdrakAnta niSThAvAna taMtrI zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 26. 190. rAvata, bacubhAI navacetana'kAra cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 26 191. rAvaLa, anaMtarAya asAmAnya sAmAnyatA. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 25, 31 192. rAvaLa, ravizaMkara cAMpazIbhAI saptati; ravizaMkara rAvaLa ane bacubhAI rAvatakRta. kumAra 39 (3) mArca 1962. pR. 100 193. sahadharmI sadgata suhRdu zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 3-1pa 194. vALaMda, narottama saujanyamUrti cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. " pR. 73-74 195. vyAsa, rajanI vividha prakAranA rasa dharAvatA zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana uka(12) mArca 1988, pR. 13-15 196. zarmA, bhairgavatIkumAra lIlI sAhI, lIluDo saMbaMdha, lIlochama mAnavI. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 57-58,60

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190 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 197. zAha, jayaMtIlAla mUrtimaMta kartavya, navacetana pa3 (12) eprila-me 1974, pR.105-106 198. zAha, prakAza na. sadgata cAMpazIkAkA. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 158, phebru. 1947. pR. 1 199. zAha, mukunda pI. mArA 'sAhityapitA' navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 3pa-38 200. sAhityanA akhaMDa upAsaka zrI cAMpazIbhAI. pustakAlaya 45 (10) eprila 1971, pR. 643-647 201. zAha, mULajIbhAI pI. tapasvI patrakAra cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 43-45 202. 'navacetana'nI ane 'navacetanakAranI ghaDatarakathA. navacetana 51 (3) jUna 1972. pR. 256-573 203. zivam suMdaram, upa. anokho phakIra. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 81 204. zukla, baMsIdhara preraNAmUrti cAMpazIkAkA. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 17-24 205. zukla yajJeza ha. vatsala vaDIla cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 53 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 17-24 206. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. cAMpazIbhAInA keTalAMka smaraNo. navacetana pa3 (1-2) eprila-me 1974. pR. 41-42 207. selArakA, caMdulAla 'navacetana' mATe bhekha lenAra zrI cAMpazIbhAI. navacetana 66 (12) mArca 1988. pR. 17-18 cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha 208. zAha, ramaNalAla sI. cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha. kumAra 56 1) saLaMga aMka 661 jAnyu. 1879. pR. 9-10

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lekhasUci | 191 cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha 209. taMtrI, kumAra sva. cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha. kumAra 43 (5) me 1969pR. 157 ra10. pArekha, madhusUdana pIDha navalakathAkAra ane patrakAra cunIlAla va. zAhano dehavilaya buddhiprakAza 113 (pa) me 1996, pR. 131 ra11. peTalIkara, Izvara cunIlAla va. zAhanI SaSTipUrti. UrminavaracanA 17 (8) nave. 1947. pR. 71-73 cunIbhAI vaidya 212 zukla, yazavaMta nirbhaya patrakAranuM sanmAna. buddhiprakAza 131 (7) julAI 1984. pR. 253-254 cerApurI yajJezvara ciMtAmaNirAva 213 taMtrI, kumAra sI. vAya. ciMtAmaNi (corAvurI yajJezvara ciMtAmaNirAva). kumAra 24 (7) cyavanarAya zukala 214. taMtrI. nirIkSaka eka patrakAranI jiMdagI. nirIkSaka 1 (30) mArca, 1969. pR. 23-24 chagana kherAja varmA 15. paMDyA, viSNu krAntinA patrakAratvano gujarAtI mazAlacI chagana kherAja varmA. gujarAta : dIpotsavI aMka vi. saM. 2043. pR. 89-93 chabIladAsa aMkalezvariyA 216. zukla, yajJaza ha. sva. chabIladAsa aMkalezvariyA. navacetana 30 (2) nave. 1958. pR. 273-280

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192 - sAhitya ane patrakAratva jayamalla paramAra 217. dozI, yazavaMta virala patrakAra belaDI smRtizeSa thaI. akhaMDaAnaMda saLaMga aMka 518, sapTe. 1991. pR. 80-82 javAharalAla naheru 218. rAva, calapati patrakAra naheru. nirIkSaka 5 (43) jUna 1973. pR. 9-10 jAdavajI dAdAjI caudharI 219. vidyAlaMkAra, zaMkaradeva jAdavajI dAdAjI caudharI. kumAra 48 (7) saLaMga aMka 571, julAI 1971. pR. 239-242. jhaveracaMda meghANI 220. paramAra, jayamalla patrakAra meghANIbhAInAM saMbhAraNAM. Urmi-navaracanA 43 (1) eprila 1972. pR. 65-70 221. maDiyA, cunIlAla sahRdaya dArzanika samA patrakAra. Urmi-navaracanA 17 (1) eprila 1947. pR. 70-74. Urmi-navaracanA 43 (5) oNgasTa 1972. pR. 353-356 222. satIkumAra maganalAla patrakAratvanuM ziyaLa sAcavanAra. Urmi-navaracanA 17 (1) eprila 1947. pR. 69,67 223. sULe, khaMDerAva jhaveracaMda meghANI, anu. prakAzam rAvala. prasthAna 30 (3) Azvina saM. 1996. pR. 429-432 dhanavaMta ojhA 224. zukla, yazavaMta sva. dhanavaMta ojhA. buddhiprakAza 141 (9) sapTe. 1994, pR. 277

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dhanazaMkara hIrAzaMkara tripAThI 225. taMtrI, navacetana vayovRddha sAhityakAra zrIyuta dhanazaMkara tripAThInuM bahumAna. navacetana 34 (3) jUna 1955. pR. 340-341 226. zAha, pI. ke. paMDita yuganA sarjaka ane patrakAra zrIyuta dhanazaMkara hIrAlAla tripAThI. navacetana 34 (2) me 1955. pR. 215-219 naTarAjana 227. mahetA, jayasukhalAla kRSNalAla naTarAjana. mAnasI 3 (1) mArca 1938. pR. 136-140 narmada (narmadAzaMkara lAlazaMkara dave) 228. dalAla, yAsIna lekhasUci H 193 sudhA2ka patrakAra. paraba 24 (8-9) oNgasTa-sapTe. 1983, pR. 146-151. 229. dave, harIndra patrakAratvanuM moTuM arpaNa. paraba 24 (8-9) oNgasTa-sapTe. 1983. pR. 141-145 230. desAI, nIrubhAI nirbhIka patrakAratva. paraba 24 (8-9) AMgasTa- sapTe. 1983. pR. 137-140 navanIta sevaka 231. zAha, mukunda lokapriya lekhaka ane patrakAra zrI navanIta sevakanuM duHkhada avasAna. navacetana 59 (1) eprila 1980. pR. 65 nAgezvara rAva 232. taMtrI, mAnasI dezoddhAraka nAgezva22Ava. mAnasI 3 (3) sapTe. 1938. pR. 457-459

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194 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva nAnAsAheba parULekara 233. taMtrI, kumAra nAnAsAheba parULakara. kumAra 34 (3) mArca 1957. pR. 88-89, 99 234. vidyAlaMkAra, zaMkaradeva eka virala ane saMniSTha mahArASTriyana patrakAra nAnAsAheba parULakara. navacetana para (5) sapTe. 1973. pR. 498-500 niraMjana varmA 235. dozI, yazavaMta virala patrakAra belaDI smRtizeSa thaI. akhaMDaAnaMda saLaMga aMka 518 sapTe. 1991. pR. 80-82 northaklIpha, laoNrDa 233. vasANI, vrajalAla laoNrDa northakalIpha. navacetana 39 (5) phebru. 1961. pR. 594-596 237. vibhAkara, nRsiMhadAsa laoNrDa northakalIpha yAne patrakArono nepoliyana. navacetana 2 (1-2) oNkTo.-nave. 1922. pR. 7-8 paramAnaMdabhAI kApaDiyA 238. gAMdhI, bhogIlAla paramAnaMdabhAI : oliyA AdamI; anu. bhogIlAla gAMdhI ane subhadrA gAMdhI. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 125, me 1971. pR. 200-202 239. jozI, umAzaMkara sadgata paramAnaMdabhAI. nirIkSaka 3 (13) eprila 1971. pR. 8 - saMskRti 25 (5) me 1971. pR. 173-167 240. sva. paramAnaMdabhAI. pustakAlaya 45 (11) me 1971. pR. 998, 704 241. paramAra, jayamalla prabuddha paramANaMdabhAI kApaDiyA. UrminavaracanA 42 (2) me 1971. pR. 87. 242. parIkha, dhIrubhAI prabuddhapurUSa paramAnaMdabhAI. kumAra 48 (9) saLaMga aMka 573 sapTe 1971. pR. 33pa-338

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lekhasUci | 195 243. rAvaLa, ravizaMkara ma. sadgata zrI paramAnaMda kApaDiyA. kumAra 48 (5) saLaMga aMka paDa9, me 1971. pR. 17-138 pAlanajI mAdana 244. zukla, yajJeza be mahAna patrakAro : evarada maherajIbhAI ane pAlanajI mAdana. kumAra 48 (12) saLaMga aMka 571, Dise. 1971. pR. 519-520 pITara chaMgara 245. parIkha, dhIrubhAI pITara chaMgara. kumAra 50 (1) saLaMga aMka 589, jAnyu. 1973. pR. 4-6 pItAMbara paTela ra46. jozI, umAzaMkara sadgata pItAMbara paTela. saMskRti 31 (5) me 1977 pR. 244. bakuleza 247. gAMdhI, bhogIlAla sva. bakuleza : karamAI gayelI pratibhAnI yAdamAM. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 1 jAnyu. 1958. pR. 37-38 bacubhAI rAvata 248. caudharI, mAdhava mo. A bacubhAInI cakoratA. kumAra 59 (7-8) julAI-oNgasTa 1982. pR. 209. 249. joSI, ramaNalAla saMskAritAnI saumya phorama. kumAra 59 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 16-17 250. jhaverI, sukanyA bacubhAI - mArA goDaphAdhara. kumAra 59 (1) jAnyu. 1982 pR. 16-17 ra51. DagalI, vADIlAla bacubhAI rAvata : lokarucinA mahetAjI. graMtha 17 (8) oNgasTa 1980. pR. 39-40

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197 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 252. taMtrI, kumAra bacubhAInAM kAvyo. kumAra 25 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 36-39 253. sadgata zrI bacubhAI rAvata. kumAra pa7 (7) julAI 1980. pR. 23/1 - 233/4 254. trivedI, saroja sva. bacubhAI : jevA meM joyA-jANyA. kumAra 59 (1) jAnyu. 1982. pR. 20-21 255. desAI, azvina sUrya bacubhAIno taDako. kumAra 59 (1) jAnyu. 1982. pR. 15-16 259. desAI, kumArapALa nepathya' thI nepathya'. paraba 21 (2) ogasTa 1980. pR. 547-551 257. paTela, bahecarabhAI ka. bacukAkAnuM vAtsalya. kumAra pa9 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 49-50 258. paTela, mANekalAla bacubhAInAM thoDAM saMbhAraNAM. kumAra 59 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 45-48 259. parIkha, gItA kema zuM lAvyA cho ? kumAra 59 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 48-49 230. paMDita, bahAdurazAha amUlya ratnonI khANa. kumAra 59 (1) jAnyu. 1982. pR. 18 261. bhagavatI, hIrAlAla harilAla sadgata bacubhAI rAvata, kumAra pa7 (7) saLaMga aMka 979 julAI 1980. pR. 236/1 - 232/4 232. bhaTTa, balavaMta bacubhAI mArA vaDIla mitra kumAra 59 (7-8) julAI-oNgasTa 1982. pR. 191-192, 212. 263. bhaTTa, vinoda eka bIjA bacubhAInI vAta ! kumAra 59 (1) jAnyu. 1982. pR. 19-20 264. mahetA, jayaMtIlAla sva. bacubhAI rAvata : eka smaraNAMjali. kumAra 59 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 44-45

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lekhasUci | 197 265. rAvata, bacubhAI ame yuvAna hatA tyAre. kumAra 59 (7-8) julAI-oNgasTa 1982. pR. 188-190 236. zAha, mukunda pI. | niSThAvAna taMtrI zrI bacubhAI. kumAra 59 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 51 267. zAha, 2. cI. mahAna sajjana bacubhAI rAvata. kumAra 59 (2) phebru. 1982. pR. 43-44 298. zukla, yazavaMta . sva. bacubhAI rAvata, buddhiprakAza 127 (7) julAI 1980. pR. 214-29pa 279. zeTha, caMdrakAnta mu. zrI bacubhAI ane budhasabhA. kumAra 59 (1) jAnyu. 1982. pR. 13-15 baTukabhAI dIkSita ra70. zarmA, bhagavatIkumAra sva. baTukabhAI dIkSita. kumAra pa7 (2) phebru. 1980. pR. 45-48, 50. bAdarAyaNa 271. zukla, yajJeza ha. bAdarAyaNa : patrakArano jIva. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA - tramAsika 42 (3) julAI-sapTe. 1977. pR. 192-197 bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka 272. jamInadAra, raseza tilaka : lokazAhI svarAjanA udgAtA. vidyApITha 11 (2) mArca-eprila 1973. pR. 74-78 bhagavatIkumAra zarmA 274. prajApati, rameza bhagavatIkumAra zarmAnI mulAkAta. navacetana 64 (12) mArca 1986. pR. 17-18

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198 T sAhitya ane patrakAratva maNilAla icchArAma desAI 275. pIyUSa, upa. 'gujarAtI'nA taMtrI zrI maNilAla icchArAma desAI. navacetana 13 (4) jAnyu. 1928. pR. 346-349 mAnasaMgabhAI bAraDa 276. nAyaka, cInubhAI rASTrabhakta ane svamAnI patrakAra sva. mAnasaMga bAraDa. buddhiprakAza 131 (2) phebru. 1984. pR. 36-38 motIlAla ghoSa 277. caMdrApIDa sva. bAbu motIlAla ghoSa. navacetana 2 (1-2) oNkTo. nave. 1922. pR. 111-112 278. nIlakaMTha, hemantakumAra motIlAla ghoSa. kumAra 6 (3) phAgaNa saM. 1985. pR. 85-88 mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI 279. koThArI, jayaMta mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAInuM patrakAratva. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA - traimAsika 56 (3). julAI-sapTembara 1991, pR. 211-217 yajJeza ha. zukla 280. taMtrI, kumAra yajJeza ha. zukla : patrakAratva pAritoSikathI puraskRta. kumAra 45 (7) julAI 1998. pR. 291-292 281. taMtrI, saMskRti patrakA2nI ghaDatarakathA. saMskRti 24 (7) jUna 1970. pR. 227-230. 282. mahetA, caMpakalAla niSThAvAna patrakAra zrI yajJeza ha. zukla. navacetana 55 (7-8) oNkTo.-nave. 1976. pR. 44-48 283. zukla, yajJeza ha. gujarAtI patrakAratvanA cAra dAyakA. navacetana 45 (2) nave. 1966. pR. 239-246 - navacetana 45 (3) Dise. 1964. pR. 409-416

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284. 285. 28. 87. 288. 289. lekhasUci taMtrIpadanA aThThAvIsa mahinA. navacetana 42 (3) Dise. 1963. pR. 354-359 navacetana 42 (4) jAnyu. 1964. pR. 469-474 dainika patrakAratva jIvanano pahelo dasako. navacetanaM 39 (1) oNkTo. 1960. pR. 175-186 patrakArajIvananI ardhazatAbdInA thoDAka smaraNIya prasaMgo. navacetana 56 (8-9) nave.-Dise. 1977. pR. 49-52. navacetana 56 (10) jAnyu. 1978. pR. 49-52 pAMca dAyakA uparanA patrakArajIvananI lIlIsUkI. navacetana 58 (7-8/ oNkTo.-nave. 1979. pR. 33-38. navacetana 58 (9) Dise. 1979. pR. 33-38 - navacetana 58 (10) jAnyu. 1980. pR. 33-37 yAtanAnA cauda mAsa. navacetana 44 (2) nave. 196pa. pR. 279-276 navacetana 44 (3) Dise. 196pa. pR. 371-376 'vaMdemAtaram'mAM patrakAra tarIke mAruM ghaDatara. navacetana 40 (2) nave. 1961. pR. 233-242 raNachoDajI mistrI 290. pAThaka, devavrata sadgata mistrIkAkA. prasthAna 45 (2) phebru. 1970. pR. 103-104. 291. mistrI, zAMtAbahena 2. zirachatra bApujI . prasthAna 45 (2) phebru. 1970. pR. 120-122. 292. zAha, hiralAla eka sagRhastha taMtrI. prasthAna 45 (2) phebru. 1970. pR. 118-119. ramaNalAla nIlakaMTha 293. jhaverI, bipIna 199 patrakAra ramaNalAla. buddhiprakAza 115 (7) julAI 1968. pR. 245-249 ravizaMkara mahetA 294. akkaDa, vallabhadAsa ravizaMkara mahetA. kumAra 36 (11) nave. 1959. pR. 453-454

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200 I sAhitya ane patrakAratva ravizaMkara ma. rAvaLa 295. TAMka, bihArIlAla "kumAra"nA saMsthApaka ane tenA AdyataMtrI sva. ravizaMkara ma. rAvaLa. kumAra 64, saLaMga aMka 765, okTo. 1991. pR. 440-447 rAmanAtha goyankA 296. taMtrI, kumAra patrakAratvanA bhIkha rAmanAtha goyankAnuM nidhana. kumAra 14, saLaMga aMka 769, nave. 1991. pR. 542-543 ra97. taMtrI, vizvamAnava aTaMkI Teka. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 200, oNgasTa 1977. pR. 405-408 rAmAnaMda ceTarajI 298. uddezI, cAMpazIbhAI viThThaladAsa rAmAnaMda ceTarajI. navacetana 10 (1) oNkTo. 1926. pR. 39-44 299. virala bhAratIya patrakAra sva. rAmAnaMda ceTarajI. navacetana 44 (5) oNgasTa 1965. pR. 464-465. 300. kApaDiyA, raMgIladAsa ma. vartamAna patrakAritva para zrI rAmAnaMda ceTarajI. prasthAna 18 (1) vaizAkha saM. 1990, pR. 70-78 301. sva. rAmAnaMda ceTarajI : eka tejasvI patrakAra. navacetana 22 (2) nave. 1943. pR. 100-105 302. caturvedI, banArasIdAsa Adarza patrakAra sva. rAmAnaMda caTTopAdhyAya; anu. mukunda pI. zAha navacetana 32 (5) oNgasTa 1953. pR. 461-465 303. taMtrI, Urmi-navaracanA sva. rAmAnaMda bAbu. UrminavaracanA 13 (7) oNkTo. 1943. pR. 111-117 304. taMtrI, kumAra rAmAnaMda caTTopAdhyAya. kumAra 8 (7) aSADa saM. 1987. pR. 249-253

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lekhasUci | 201 305. dhanabhUrA, pharAmaroja rAmAnaMda ceTarajI muMbaInI mulAkAte. navacetana 11 (5) oNgasTa 1932. pR. 378-380 306. meghANI, ramaNIka nIDara patrakAra. UrminavaracanA 13 (9) Dise. 1943. pR. 243-247 roya harbarTa TaoNmasana laoNrDa 307. azoka harSa laoNrDa roya harbarTa Tomasana. kumAra 54 (1) saLaMga aMka 937 jAnyu. 1977. pR. 3-6, 27 - kumAra 54 (2) saLaMga aMka 138, phebru. 1977. pR. 39-42 lovATa phrejhara 308. taMtrI, pustakAlaya eka sAdhAraNa pratibhAzALI patrakAra : lovATa phrejhara. pustakAlaya 31 (12) jUna 1957. pR. 461-464 varagIjha 309. zAha, cImanalAla cakubhAI varagIjha kesano cukAdo. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 179, nave. 1975. pR. 461-464 vADIlAla DagalI 310. jozI, umAzaMkara vADIlAla - maitrInA, premanA mANasa. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 34-36 311. jozI, caMdrakAnta eka khullA caherAno mAnavI. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 34-36 312. jozI, ramaNalAla vADIlAla DagalI : saMvedanazIla sarjaka ane virala bauddhika. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 27-28

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202 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 313. DagalI, indirA vA. tamArA vagara. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 47-48 314. DagalI, zAMtilAla vAtsalyamUrti vADIbhAI. graMtha ra3 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. para-pa3 315. taMtrI, graMtha muMbaImAM bharAyelI jAhera zokasabhAno vRttAMta. graMtha 23 (4-7) eprila jUna 1986. pR. 30-64 313. vADIbhAInI mulAkAta. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 1-14 317. vADIlAla DagalInA jIvananI sAlavArI. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 9pa-67 318. dave, rohita sabhara jIvanakArya. graMtha 23 (4-7) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 21 319. diveTiyA, kSitIza vADIbhAInAM saMsmaraNo. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 29 320. desAI, jitendra jAgrata ane jIvaMta vyaktitva. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 59 321. desAI, mahendra vAlajIbhAI taMtrI sthAnethI. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 24-56 322. desAI, morArajI pratidina vadhAre yAda karuM chuM. graMtha 23 (4-7) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 9 323. desAI, vanamALA bIjA pAse kAma karAvavAnI AvaData. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 58

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lekhasUci | 203 324. dozI, yazavaMta vADIbhAI : eka janmajAta amIrajIva. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 7-8 325. pAThaka, jayanta sAhityopAsaka vADIbhAI. graMtha ra3 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 30-31 326. bhaTTa, yogendra vi. vADIbhAI : nakkara nAjukAI. graMtha 23 (4-9) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 37-39 327. bhaTTa, ravizaMkara saM. sva. zrI vADIlAla DagalI : eka smaraNAMjali.graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila jUna 1986. pR. 19-20 328. mahetA, uSA lokazAhInA maMtrI vADIbhAI. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 25 329. mAvaLaMkara, puruSottama gaNeza vADIlAla DagalI : mArA bhAI. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 22-23 330. vyAsa, kAMtibhAI zikSaNa ane sAhityarasika vADIbhAI DagalI. graMtha 23 (4-9) eprila jUna 1986. pR. 40-41 331. zukla, yazavaMta kavitA ane arthazAstra sAthe mahobbata. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 24 332. saMghavI, jitendra vADIbhAI : mitro banAvavAnA kImiyAgara. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila- - jUna 1986. pR. 32-33 333. saMghavI, haMsA vADIbhAI sAthe kAma karavAno anubhava. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 50-51 334. solaMkI, ramaNIkalAla sva. zrI vADIlAla DagalI. graMtha 23 (4-6) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. papha-pa7

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204 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 335. sneharazmi, upa. vADIbhAInuM jIvana : eka UDatI najare. graMtha 23 (4-9) eprila-jUna 1986. pR. 17-18 vADIlAla motIlAla zAha 336. kavi, dayAzaMkara vADIlAla motIlAla zAha. navacetana 10 (5) phebru. 1932. pR. 381-387 viSNuzAstrI cipaluNakara 337. vidyAlaMkAra, zaMkaradeva marAThI patra-sRSTinA saptarSi. kumAra 42 (5) me 196pa. pR. 175-176 - pustakAlaya 39 (12) jUna 1965. pR. 805-827 veNIbhAI purohita 338. abhilASakumAra kavi zrI veNIbhAI purohitanI mulAkAta. navacetana 48 (4) jAnyu. 1970. pR. 317-320 339. bhaTTa, vinoda veNIbhAI purohita. kumAra 54 () saLaMga aMka 342, jUna 1977. pR. 185-187 zaMkararAva kirloskara 340. kALa, vA eka marAThI taMtrInA anubhavo : anu. zazina ojhA. navacetana 39 (9) mArca 1961. pR. 703-704 zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI 341. zukla, yajJeza ha. zAmaLadAsa gAMdhInA sAnnidhyamAM ogaNIsa varSa. navacetana 32 (2) nave. 19pa3. pR. 123-13pa zAMtilAla zAha 342. bhaTTa, vinoda zAMtilAla zAha. kumAra 54 (4) saLaMga aMka 640, eprila 1977. pR. 119-121

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" lekhasUci | 205 sacIna caudharI 343. zAstrI, rAmanAtha patrakAra sacIna caudharIno dehavilaya. buddhiprakAza 114 (1) jAnyu. 1967. pR. 3 sI. Ara. menDI 344. vidyAlaMkAra, zaMkaradeva patrakAra sI. Ara.menDI (1901-1980). kumAra 57 (10) oNkTo. 1980, pR. 346 sItArAma zarmA 345. taMtrI, kumAra pragatizIla patrakAra sva. sItArAma zarmA. kumAra 43 (3) mArca 1967. pR. 95 sI. pI. skaoNTa 346. caturvedI, banArasIdAsa jagatano Adarza patrakAra sI. pI. skaoNTa, navacetana 14 (9) sapTe. 1935. pR. 441-447 sureza dalAla 347. pArekha, madhusUdana sureza dalAlane raNajitarAma caMdraka. buddhiprakAza 134 (1) jAnyu. 1987. pR. 1-2 somAlAla zAha 348. zAha, cimanalAla maMgaLadAsa parizramazIla ane prayogazIla patrakAra. navacetana ra7 (4) jAnyu. 1949. pR. 313-316 sorAbajI pAlanajI kApaDiyA 349. zukla, yajJeza sorAbajI pAlanajI kApaDiyA. kumAra 49 (2) aMka pa78 phebru. 1972. pR. 31-63 - navacetana 35 (2) nave. 1957. pR. 137-147 - navacetana 40 (4) julAI 1961. pR. 393-398

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206 sAhitya ane patrakAratva sTIla 350. pArekha, madhusUdana sTIla ane eDisana : patrakAratvano udaya (aMgrejI sAhityanuM Acamana). kumAra 64 saLaMga aMka 765, oNkTo. 1991. pR. 484-485 svAmI AnaMda 3pa1. kAlelakara, kAkA svAmI AnaMda. milApa saLaMga aMka 317, me 1976. pR. 21-24 3para. DagalI, vADIlAla svAmI AnaMda : bAMyo caDAvelI cetanA. graMtha 13 (2) saLaMga aMka 146 phebru. 1976. pR. 3-7 353. desAI, nArAyaNa svAmI AnaMda; nArAyaNa desAI, vADIlAla DagalI ane navanIta nAyakakRta. milApa saLaMga aMka 315, mArca 1976. pR. 13-14 354. pArekha, madhusUdana svAmI AnaMda. buddhiprakAza 123 (2) phebru. 1976. pR. 43-43 355. modI, manahara sadgata svAmI AnaMda. nirIkSaka 8 (7) phebru. 1976. pR. 7 35. rAvaLa, ravizaMkara svAmI AnaMda; ravizaMkara rAvaLa, jugatarAma dave ane kAkAsAheba kAlelakara kRta. kumAra pa3 (2) saLaMga aMka 12, phebru. 1976, pR. 39-45 357. vhorA, himAMzu svAmI AnaMdanAM jIvanacaritra ane nibaMdha : eka abhyAsa. phArba, jarAtI sabhA - vaimAsika 39 (4) oNkTo.-Dise. 1974. pR. 14-148 harina mahetA 358. rAvala, rameza DI. harina mahetA. navacetana pa7 (3) julAI 1978. pR. 71-72 harirAya bha. bUca 359. bUca, hasita ha. patrakAra pitAnAM saMbhAraNAM. navacetana 41 (3) Dise. 1962. pR. 337-340, 349

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lekhasUci | 207 harIndra dave 360. paTela, bhoLAbhAI sadgata kavizrI harIndra dave. paraba 36 (5) me 1995. pR. 1-4 hAjI mahammada alArakhiyA 361. uddezI, cAMpazIbhAI viThThaladAsa sva. hAjI mahammada alArakhiyA. navacetana 22 (5) phebru. 1944. pR. 301-309 362. taMtrI, vasaMta hAjI mahammada alArakhiyAnuM zokajanaka maraNa. vasaMta 20 (4) vaizAkha saM. 1977. pR. 143-144 363. taMtrI, sAhitya sva. hAjI mahamada a. zivajI. sAhitya 9 (2) phebru. 1921. pR. 111 314. diveTiyA, narasiMharAva bhoLAnAtha hAjI mahammada. gujarAta 8 (3) mAgazara saM. 1982 pR. 295-302. 365. nRsiMha vibhAkara svargastha "hAjI". samAlocaka 26 (2) phebru. 1921. pR. 57-59 (vartamAnapatra 366. ojhA, DaMkeza akhabAra mATe koDa' jarUrI ? nirIkSaka 17 (8) oNkTo. 1983. pR. 13-14 307, akhabArI svAtaMtrya : eka abhyAsa. vizvamAnava aMka 248, oNgasTa 1981, pR. 348-349 368. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga AjhAda amerikAnAM akhabAro, pustakAlaya 20 (3) mArca 1945 pR. 98-104 369. cInanI jAherakhabaronA hAlanA prakAra pustakAlaya 21 (11) nave. 1946. pR. 4para-454

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208 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 374. 37. chApakhAnAnI svataMtratAno itihAsa, pustakAlaya 21 (44) phebru. 1947. pR. 590-pa92 371. jarmanInAM vartamAnapatro, pustakAlaya 11 (2) ogasTa 1936. pR. 580 37ra. nepoliyanano vartamAna vize abhiprAya pustakAlaya 30 (3) sapTe. 1955. pR. 129-130 - -- 373. | nyUsa peparanuM saMgrahasthAna. pustakAlaya 11 (7) julAI 1939. pR. 116 paradezanAM prAraMbhika vartamAnapatro. pustakAlaya 30 (11) me 1956. pR. 581 37pa. paheluM vartamAnapatra kyAre zarU thayuM ? pustakAlaya 35 (10) eprila 1961, pR. 932 376. pahelo yuddha khabarapatrI. pustakAlaya 20 (8) ogasTa 1945. pR. 341 377, bhAratamAM vartamAnapatrano uddabhava. pustakAlaya 27 (7) jAnyu. 1953. pR. 314-315 378. bhAratIya vartamAnapatrono itihAsa. navacetana 38 (4) jAnyu. 1960. pR. 458-464 - navacetana 38 (pa) phebru. 1960 pR. 56pa-pa7ra 379, yuddhanuM adbhuta vartamAnapatra. pustakAlaya 20 (10) kTo. 1945. pR. 437 380. raziyAmAM vartamAnapatra-dina. pustakAlaya 11 (10) oNkTo. 1936. pR. 698 vartamAnapatranI vizeSatA. pustakAlaya 31 (5) nave. 195ka. pR. 235-236 382. vartamAnapatranuM kartavya, pustakAlaya 11 (3) mArca 1939. pR. 285-286 383. vartamAnapatrano itihAsa. pustakAlaya. 11 (11) nave. 1936. pR. 749-7pa1 384. vartamAnapatrano phelAvo. pustakAlaya 10 (8) oNgasTa 1935 pR. 503-504 385. vartamAnapatro vizenI avanavI vAto. pustakAlaya 15 (8) oNgasTa 1940. pR. 364-36pa

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lekhasUci rU 209 386, vicitra vartamAnapatro. pustakAlaya 28 (8) phebru. 1954. pR. 277- 278 387. hiMdanA chApakhAnAno itihAsa. pustakAlaya 8 (2) ogasTa 1933. pR. 476 388. hiMdamAM vartamAnapatronI pragati. pustakAlaya 10 (5) me 1935 pR. 307 389. kAlelakara, kAkAsAheba jherIluM vRttavivecana. prasthAna ra9 (4) mAha saM. 1996. pR. 31-319 390. koThArI, viThThaladAsa ma. bhAratamAM chApAM-sAmayiko. pustakAlaya 39 (5) nave. 1964. pR. 308-309 391. gAMdhIjI vartamAnapatra ane aMkuza, buddhiprakAza 13pa (6) jUna 1988. pUMThA pAna 3 392. gAMdhI, bhogIlAla vartamAnapatronI gujarAtI sAhitya para asara. vizvamAnava aMka 71 sapTe.-oNkTo. 1966, pR. 38-40 393, samUha mAdhyama paraba patrikA-1 1965 pR. 80-90 - mitAkSara (vaDodarA : vizvamAnava zikSaNa saMskAra TrasTa, 1970) pR. 36-49 394. gAMdhI, vasaMtarAya Teli prinTara. pustakAlaya 45 (1) julAI 1970. pR. 36-38 395. gAMdhI hiMmatalAla garabaDadAsa vartamAnapatro ane jAherakhabara. buddhiprakAza 72 (7) julAI 1925 pR. 211-214 396. gautama, ezanAtha raMganAtha vaDodarAnAM patro ane patrakAro. pustakAlaya 21 (16) eprila 1947. pR. 704-708 397. cembaralena, viliyama henarI soviyeTa vartamAnapatro; anu. cAMpazI vi. uddezI. - navacetana (12) 1 okTo. 1927, pR. 44-47* - pustakAlaya 2 (11) nave. 1927. pR. 480-483

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210 E sAhitya ane patrakAratva 398. jayanta bUkara TI. vaoNziMgTana ane vartamAnapatro ane bAtamIdAro. samAlocaka 25 (7) julAI 1920. pR. 362-369 399. 'jJAnabhakti', upa. vasaMta 11 (12) Azvina saM. 1968. pR. 504-512 400. DagalI, vADIlAla 401. taMtrI, kumAra ApaNAM vartamAnapatro ane mAsiko. vasaMta 11 (9) bhAdrapada saM. 1968. pR. 433-439 402. taMtrI, nirIkSaka 405. vartamAnapatranuM jillAlakSI vikendrIkaraNa. nirIkSaka 7 (31) mArca 1975. pR. 17-18 - saMskRti 39 (3) mArca 1975. pR. 92-94 akhabArI AlamamAM TrasTIzIpa. nirIkSaka 1 (5) Dise. 1968. pR. 5 403. chApAnuM vAMcana : eka sarvekSaNa. nirIkSaka 16 (14) nave. 1982. pR. 18-19 404. taMtrI, pustakAlaya amerikana lazkarI sainikonuM akhabAra. pustakAlaya 26 (9) mArca 1952. pR. 342 amerikAmAM vartamAnapatrono phelAvo. pustakAlaya 1 (1) oNkTo. 1925 pR. 59 406 azlIla ane nukasAnakAraka jAherakhabaro. pustakAlaya 16(2) phebru. 1941. 407. vartamAnapatra paheluM kyAre nIkaLyuM. kumAra 13 (5) vaizAkha saM. 1993. pR. 276 408. pR. 75-76 AjanAM soviyeta vartamAnapatro. pustakAlaya 33 (12) jUna 1959. pR. 667-669 bhAratanAM vartamAnapatro. pustakAlaya 46 (10) eprila 1972. pR.'609-610 409. bhAratanuM sauthI junuM chApakhAnuM ane akhabAra. pustakAlaya 40(10) eprila 1967. pR. 619-620 mAtra eka ja vartamAnapatra. pustakAlaya. 13 (10) oNkTo. 1938. pR. 624 410.

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414. lekhasUci | 211 411. vartamAnapatra calAvatI eka sAhasika gRhiNI. pustakAlaya 29 (8) phebru. 1955. pR. 297-298 412. vartamAnapatro ane Telivijhana. pustakAlaya 30 (12) jUna 1956. pR. 619 413. vartamAnapatronI jAherakhabaro para karaverAnuM bhAraNa. pustakAlaya 24 (1) julAI 1949, pR. 1-2 vRttapatronuM lekhana. pustakAlaya 27 (12) jUna 1953 pR. 535-536 415. soviyeTa raziyAnAM akhabAro. pustakAlaya 17 (9) sapTe. 1941 pR. 467-470 413. svArthasAdhu vartamAnapatro. pustakAlaya 28 (6) Dise. 1953. pR. 207-208 417. taMtrI, buddhiprakAza vartamAnapatronI tathA pustakonI bhASA vize. buddhiprakAza 24 () jUna 1877, pR. 140-141 418. vartamAnapatro vAMcavAnI bhalAmaNa. buddhiprakAza 6 (8) oNgasTa 1859 pR. 133-134 419. taMtrI, milApa sahuthI lokapriya chApAM. milApa saLaMga aMka 255 mArca 1971. pR. 42-43 420. sADatrIsa karoDanuM akhabArI vAMcana. milApa aMka 93 sapTe. 1957. pR. 40-41 421. taMtrI, vasaMta iMglenDanAM vartamAnapatro. vasaMta 1 (8) bhAdrapada saM. 1958. pR. 312-314 422. taMtrI, vizvamAnava akhabAro paNa TI. vI. reDiyo jevAM ja? vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 308. oNgasTa 1986. pR. 307 423. jehAda : videzI akhabAromAM. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 200, oNgasTa pR. para-pa32 424. sensara sAme sensara. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 200, oNgasTa 1977 pR. 411-412

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212 sAhitya ane patrakAratva 425. taMtrI, samAlocaka yuvAna hindIvAno mATe vartamAnapatrano dhaMdho. samAlocaka 19 (2) phebru. 1914. pR. 74-80 - samAlocaka 19 (3) mArca 1914. pR. 92-95 426. sAhitya ane kramika patronI pravRtti, samAlocaka 19 (3) mArca 1914. pR. 110-111 427. taMtrI, saMskRti sAptAhika vicArapatronI jarUra. saMskRti 10 (3) mArca 1956. pR. 82-83 428. taMtrI, sAhitya ApaNAM vartamAnapatro. sAhitya 1 (9) sapTe. 1913. pR. 419-420 429. trivedI, niraMjana chApAMo mATe navo vibhAga. navacetana 68 (5) oNgasTa 1989. pR. 41-42 430. dave, araviMda pI. ApaNAM vartamAnapatronuM sAmarthya. nirIkSaka 18 (17) jUna 1980. pR. 15-16 431. dave, nAthAlAla gujarAtI akhabAromAM kaTAkSa kavitA. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 342-344 432. dave, mohanalAla pArvatIzaMkara iMglenDanAM vartamAnapatro. vasaMta 11 (1-3) mAha-caitra saM. 1968. pR. 73-85 433. dukALa, manvantarAya maNirAya gujarAtI chApA. vasaMta 8 (4) vaizAkha saM. 1965 pR. 150-154 - vasaMta 8 (5) jeTha saM. 1965. pR. 224-225 434. desAI, kumArapALa akhabAranI lekhasRSTi : AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI. navacetana kara (7-8) oNkTo.-nave. 1983. pR. 57-61 43pa. akhabArI svAtaMtrya. navacetana 6pa (8-9) nave.-Dise. 1986. pR. 31-32

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lekhasUci | 213 436. yAsIna dalAlanAM be viziSTa prakAzano. navacetana 64 (12) mArca 1986. pR. 29-30 [akhabAranuM avalokana : yAsIna dalAla - avalokana] 437. desAI, kezavaprasAda komI patro. buddhiprakAza. 71 (12) Dise. 1924. pR. 3pa4-358 438. dhUmaketu, upa. lokataMtra : vartamAnapatra ane sAhitya. UrminavaracanA 10 (11) phebru. 1941. pR. 717-718 439. naheru, javAharalAla akhabArI svAtaMtrya. buddhiprakAza 135 (9) sapTe. 1988. pUMThA pAna 2 440. nANAvaTI, zaMkaraprasAda samarthaprasAda Adhunika samayamAM jAherapatronuM sthAna buddhiprakAza 71 (12) Dise. 1924. pR. 361-364 441. paTela, cImanabhAI Ajano yakSaprazna : akhabArI svAtaMtrya. paraba 21 () jUna 1980. pR. 315-320 442. paTela, jayaMta bhAratanuM pahelavaheluM akhabAra. navacetana 37 (4) julAI 1958. pR. 387-388 443. paTela, DAhyAbhAI lakSmaNabhAI sAptAhika patro. buddhiprakAza 71 (12) Dise. 1924. pR. 380-383 444. paTela, maNilAla kezavalAla amerikAnAM vartamAnapatro. buddhiprakAza 72 () oNgasTa 1925. pR. 229-241 445. jApAnanAM vartamAnapatro. buddhiprakAza 72 (10) okTo. 1925. pR. 293-301 446. paTela, maNilAla ha. gujarAtI dainikomAM carcApatro : eka saMzodhana. nirIkSaka 13 (18) me 1980. pR. 11-13 447. presa : AcArasaMhitA ane svataMtratA.nirIkSaka 19 (2) oNgasTa 1985. pR. 17-19

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214 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva 448. paTela, raNachoDabhAI pI. chApuM. pustakAlaya 13 () me 1938, pR. 272-274 449. parIkha, niraMjana sAhityetara viSayo. paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980. pR. 411-415 450. paMDita, caMdramaNizaMkara jeThAlAla yuropanA graMthakAro ane vartamAnapatro. navacetana 15 (3) jUna 1939. pR. 254-2papa 451. paMDyA, jayanta patrakAratvamAM vicArapatro. nirIkSaka 2 (25) jAnyu. 1988, pR. 3-6 452. vartamAnapatro ane patrakAratva. nirIkSaka 14 (37) me 1981. pR. 1-2 453. paMDyA, viSNu nAnAM akhabAro : maryAdAo ane apekSAo. nirIkSaka 2 (2) ogasTa 1969, pR. 16-17 454. pAThaka, devavrata akhabArI svAtaMtrya. buddhiprakAza 109 (3) mArca 1962. pR. 50 455. pAThaka, prabhAzaMkara jayazaMkara mAsiko ane vartamAnapatronI pariSada. sAhitya 5 (7) julAI 1917. pR. 470 - sAptAhika 5 (2) ogasTa 1917. pR. 522-527 456. pinAkina, upa. TeliprinTara. navacetana 39 (3) Dise. 1957. pR. 339-340 457. pIyUSa, upa. videzamAM dainikapatro kema taiyAra thAya che ? navacetana 11 (2)nave. 1932. pR. 205-215 458. peTalIkara, Izvara AjanAM chApAMthI to bhagavAna tobA. milApa aMka 110 phebru. 1959. pR. 42-44 4pa9. tophAnomAM chApAMe lUMTa karI che ! nirIkSaka ra (13) nave. 1999. pR. 17-18

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lekhasUci | 215 460. bIlIpatra, upa. - briTananAM vartamAnapatro. navacetana 20 (2) nave. 1941. pR. 192-19pa 461. bhaTTa, cunIlAla becaralAla bolatuM-cAlatuM vartamAnapatra. navacetana 10 (3) jUna 1931. pR. 236-239 462. bhaTTa, vinoda tamAre aThavADika kADhavuM che? navacetana kara (7-8) oNkTo.-nave. 1983. pR. 39-40 463. bhaTTAcArajI, ajita akhabAro para aMkuza. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 180 Dise. 1975. pR. 496-498 464. mahetA, kapilarAya ma. AjhAdI pachInI gujarAtI patronI pragati. pustakAlaya. 41 (3) sapTe. 1966. pR. 133-135, 138 465. mahetA, ketana samUha mAdhyama ane sAhitya. paraba 26 (4-5) eprila-me, 1985 pR. 68-69 436. mahetA, mohanalAla 'sopAna' amerikAnAM akhabAro kumAra 37 (4) eprila 1960. pR. 174 467. mahetA, vAsudeva samayanI sAthe sAthe. navacetana pa3 (12) mArca 197pa. pR. 77-78 - navacetana 63 (5) oNgasTa 1984. pR. 53-pakA 468. samUhamAdhyamo ane sAhitya. navacetana 68 (4) julAI 1989. pR. 33-35, 38 [samUhamAdhyamo ane sAhitya : prIti zAha - avalokana] 469. mAstara, dharmendra "madhuram' akhabArI jAherAto. navacetana 43 (2) nave. 1964. pR. 346-348 470. akhabArI mathALAM. navacetana 40 (2) nave. 1991. pR. 3pa1-3para

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217 sAhitya ane patrakAratva 471. ApaNAM vartamAnapatro ane bhASAzuddhi. navacetana 44 (2) nave. 1965. pR. 315-318 472. chApAnA chabaraDA. navacetana 38 () mArca 1960. pR. 367-698 473. taMtrIlekho ane jAherAto. navacetana 47 (1-2) oNkTo.-nave. 1998. pR. 231-232 - 474. vartamAnapatro. navacetana 45 (2) nave. 1999. pR. 30-364 475. mAMDekara, DI. Ara. vartamAnapatro para aMkuza rahevo joIe. akhaMDaAnaMda 23 (11) sapTe. 1970. pR. 88-89 476. meghANI, mahendra bALakonI avahelanA karatAM akhabAro.nirIkSaka 14 (8) oNkTo. 1980. pR. 19 477. merila, jahona sI. agragaNya akhabAro. kumAra 46 (3) mArca 1999. pR. 10pa 478. modI, nagIna chApuM vAMcavAnI kaLA. navacetana 65 sapTe. 1986. pR. 19-20, 24 479. yAjJika, amRtalAla akhabArI lekhana. buddhiprakAza 128 (5) me 1981. pR. 231-232 pUMThA pAna 3 [akhabArI lekhana : kumArapALa desAI - avalokana 480, rAju, esa. ke. chApAMno pakSaghAta, milApa aMka 90, jUna 1957. pR.41-42 481. rAvala, abhaya sthAnika akhabAronA taMtrIlekho. nirIkSaka 13 (42) jUna 1980. pR. 8-9 482. vaDodariyA, bhUpata dainikonI vyAvasAyika saphaLatAnuM sahasya. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 423-427

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483. vAIvAlA, dAsabahAdura vizvavikhyAta akhabAro. pustakAlaya 43 (12) jUna 1969. pR. 774-776 484. vyAsa, mULazaMkara premajI pR. 673-674 485. zAha, cImanalAla cakubhAI vartamAnapatro ane inAmI harIphAI. pustakAlaya 13 (11) nave. 1938. 486. zAha, cunIlAla vardhamAna vartamAnapatro 52 aMkuzo. vizvamAnava aMka 180, Dise. 1975. pR. 495-496 487. zAha, pratApa 490. gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsamAM vartamAnapatrono hisso. vasaMta 23 (9) Aso saM. 1980. pR. 321-328 488. zAha, prIti lekhasUci D dainika patronuM Arthika Ayojana. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 417-422 489. zAha, baLavaMtarAya samUhamAdhyamono prabhAva ane sAhityanuM bhAvi. navacetana 68 (7-8) oNkTo.-nave. 1989. pR. 81-85 491. zAha, mukunda akhabArI niyaMtraNo. nirIkSaka 16 (1) oNgasTa 1982. pR. 19-20 samAcArone macaDavAno sAmUhika mAdhyamono prayAsa. nirIkSaka 16 (23) jAnyu. 1983, pR. 19-20 217 akhabArI lekhana : patrakAratva 52nuM eka mahattvanuM pustaka. navacetana 58 (10) jAnyu. 1980. pR. 67 [akhabArI lekhana : kumArapALa desAI - avalokana] 492. zAha, rameza bI. lokasabhAnI cUMTaNI ane gujarAtanAM akhabAro. nirIkSaka 13 (36) 27 eprila 1980. pR. 5-7 - nirIkSaka 13 (37) 4 me 1980. pR. 7-8 - nirIkSaka 13 (38) 11me 1980. pR. 6-8 493. zAha, vADIlAla mo. peparo mATe janatA ke janatA mATe peparo ?; saMpA. tribhuvana vI. hemANI. navacetana 36 (4) jAnyu. 1958. pR. 423-431.

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218 sAhitya ane patrakAratva 494. zukla, cyavanarAya khabarapatrIne sUcanA. sAhitya 7 (3) mArca 1919. pR. 179-181 495. zukala, jayadeva gujarAtI akhabArone thayuM che zuM ?; jayadeva zukla ane pururAja jozIkRta. nirIkSaka 16 (17) phebru. 1983. pR. 5-6 496. zukla, yajJeza ha. akhabAranuM tArAmaMDaLa. navacetana 48 (2-3) nave.-Dise. 1969. pR. 233-236 497. akhabAranuM saMpAdana. navacetana 46 (2) nave. 1967 pR. 217-222 - taMtrIlekho. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980. pR. 345-355 498. zukla, yazavaMta gujarAtI akhabAro. pustakAlaya 42 (7) jAnyu. 1968. pR. 410-412 499. zeTha, kezava ha. komI patro. buddhiprakAza 71 (12) Dise. 1924. pR. 364-368 500. zeThI, vizvanAtha gharagharamAM chapAtuM vartamAnapatra; anu. caMdrApIDa. navacetana 18 (4) jAnyu. 1939. pR. 357-360 501. zo, iravina akhabArI bhaviSyakathana; anu. azoka harSa. navacetana 18 (4) jAnyu. 1939. pR. 13-15 502. zaurI, aruNa akhabArI svAtaMtrya vi. vidhAnasabhAnA vizeSAdhikAro; saMkSepa bipina zukla. vizvamAnava aMka 333 sapTe. 1988. pR. 303-309 503. zrIvAstava, bhagavatIprasAda sTopa presa; anu. candrApIDa. navacetana 20 (2-3) me-jUna 1941. pR. 195-200 504. sadAvratI narabherAma gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa. paraba 21 (6) jUna 1980, pR. 395-400

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lekhasUci | 219 505. suparasTona, mAikala briTanano akhabAro saMbaMdhI kAyado, saMkSepa bipina zukla. vizvamAnava aMka 326. phebru. 1988, pR. 41-51 506. savANI, rameza mAnasapradUSaNa mATe akhabArano phALo keTalo ? nirIkSaka 19 (3) sapTe. 1985. pR. 17-18 507. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. gujarAtI vRttapatronA agralekho. buddhiprakAza 114 (11) nave. 1967. pR. 34pa-347 508. sutariyA, caMdrakAnta chApALavI duniyA. pustakAlaya 20 (1) jAnyu. 194pa. pR. 37-38 509. sTopaphorDa, phrAnsisa vartamAnapatra kema taiyAra thAya che ? navacetana 9 (1) eprila 1930 pR. 45-55 510. hemANI, tribhuvana vIrajIbhAI vRttapatralekhananuM mahattvanuM aMga : mathALuM urphe zIrSaka; tribhuvana vI. hemANI ane ratilAla ukAbhAI paTelakRta. navacetana 18 (4) jAnyu. 1940. pR. 323-329 amRtabajAra patrikA 511. nAga, kAlidAsa amRtabajAra patrikA'no janma. kumAra 21 (2-3) phebru.-mArca 1944. pR. 62-13 512. zAha, guNavaMta cho. amRtabajAra patrikA. kumAra 45 (2) phebru. 1968. pR. 53-54 - kumAra 4pa (3) mArca 1968. pR. 98-100 - pustakAlaya 42 (9) mArca 1998, pR. pa27-530 513. hemANI, tribhuvana vI. amRtabajAra pustikA gujarAtImAM kumAra 44 (3) mArca 1967. pR. 124 AnaMdabajAra patrikA 514. caturvedI, banArasIdAsa AnaMdabajAra patrikA. navacetana 15 (ka) sapTe. 1939pR. 539-546

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220 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva ikvestiyA 515. taMtrI, pustakAlaya soviyeta sarakAranuM adhikRta mukhapatra : ijhavetiyA pustakAlaya 41 (11) me 1967. pR. 963-666 kesarI 51. AThavale, rAmacaMdra baLavaMta kesarI' patrano ardhazatAbdIno suvarNamahotsava. prasthAna 11 (3) poSa saM. 1987. pR. 176-180 koMgrezanala rekorDa 517. taMtrI, pustakAlaya amerikana saMsadanuM dainikapatra koMgrezanala rekorDa' pustakAlaya 29 (12) jUna 1955. pR. 514 krizciyana sAyansa moniTara 518. taMtrI, kumAra eka akhabAranI ardhazatAbdI. kumAra 35 (10) kaTo. 1958. pR. 413-14 gujarAta 519. taMtrI, samAlocaka gujarAta' mAsikanI saMskRti. samAlocaka 29 (7) julAI 1924. pR. 441-442 gujarAtI pa20. zukla, yajJeza ha. gujarAtI gujarAtanuM paheluM prANavAna sAptAhika. kumAra 42 (8) oNgasTa 196pa. pR. 424-430 jAme jamaseda para1. zukla, yajJeza ha. jAme jamaseda. navacetana 39 (2) me 1957. pR. 189-198 TakuM gyAo para2. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga cInanA vartamAnapatranI vAta. pustakAlaya 20 (12) Dise. 1945. pR. 229-230

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lekhasUci | 221 TAimsa opha inDiyA pa23. taMtrI, saMskRti TAimsa'ne jAherakhabaro na ApavAno muMbaI sarakArano nirNaya. saMskRti 7 (4) eprila 1953, pR. 125 dalAla, yAsIna pa24. kisso eka rASTrIya dainikanI vizvasanIyatAno. nirIkSaka 14 (12-13) nave. 1980, pR. 21-22 DAMDiyo pa25. mArzala, ratana rustamajI uddAma vicArapatra "DAMDiyo'. paraba 24 (8-9) oNgasTa-sapTe. 1983. pR. 152-154 deI tAga paraka. zAha, hemantakumAra pazcima jarmanInuM eka anokhuM akhabAra. vizvamAnava aMka 330 jUna 1988, pR. 210-211 navajIvana para7. tripAThI, ramaNIyarAma govardhanarAma sAptAhika "navajIvana'. samAlocaka 24 (9) sapTe. 1919. pR. 478-479 nUtana gujarAta pa28. gAMdhI, bhogIlAla nUtana gujarAta' : AvakAra ane apekSA. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 206. phebru. 1978, pR. 99 nyUyorka TAimsa para9. kUka, elisTara AnuM nAma te chApuM. milApa aMka 73 jAnyu. 195ka. pR. 49 pa30. taMtrI, pustakAlaya 'nyUyorka TAimsa'. pustakAlaya 41 (8) phebru. 1967. pR. 481-486

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222 sAhitya ane patrakAratva pa31. vAghariyA, ibrAhima nyUyorka TAimsa'. navacetana 39 (9) sapTe. 1960. pR. 9pa7 pa32. zAha, guNavaMta cho. nyUyaoNrka TAimsa. kumAra 43 (12) Dise. 1999. pR. 454-457 breIla mainicI , pa33. taMtrI, pustakAlaya aMdhajano mATe akhabAra. pustakAlaya 45 (1) julAI 1970. pR. 49-50 bhUmiputra pa34. taMtrI, milApa bhUmiputra'nA kesano cukAdo. milApa aMka 316, eprila 1976. pR. 9-11 pa35. desAI, maganabhAI bhUmiputra'. vivekAMjali (amadAvAda - gUjarAta vidyApITha, 1960). pR. 213-14 muMbaI samAcAra 536. zukla, yajJeza muMbaI samAcAra. kumAra 48 (10) aMka pa74 oNkTo. 1971. pR. 383-386 pa37. muMbaI samAcAranA AjanA vahIvaTakartAo. kumAra 49 (3) saLaMga aMka pa79 mArca 1972. pR. 93-94,106 538. muMbaI samAcAranI vikAsakathA. kumAra 48 (11) saLaMga aMka pa75 nave. 1971. pR. 438-440 laMDana TAimsa pa39. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga laMDana TAimsa' vize kaMIka pustakAlaya 10 (2) phebru. 1935. pR. 74 zAha, harSavardhana 540. "TAimsa' laMDananuM nirIkSaka 18 (24) phebru. 1985. pR. 14

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lA-prenUsA 541. pArasa, upa. lA-prernesA : eka ajoDa vartamAnapatra. navacetana 35 (4) jAnyu. 1957. pR. 479-480 vaMdemAtaram 542. zukla, yajJeza ha. 'vaMdemAtaram'nuM samarpaNa. navacetana 43 (2) nave. 1964. pR. 241-248 * navacetana 43 (3) Dise. 1964. pR. 393-398 vikalI nyUsa 543. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga 547. saMdeza 544. taMtrI, navacetana AMdhaLAo mATenuM vartamAnapatra. pustakAlaya 24 (12) jUna 1950. pR. 584 545. desAI, puSka22Ava sAkaralAla lekhasUci ] 223 'saMdeza' patre pUrI karelI pacIsI. navacetana 27 (2) nave. 1948. pR. 98 sAdhanA 546. taMtrI, vizvamAnava dainika patra 'saMdeza'nI romAMcaka kathA. navacetana 27 (3) Dise. 1948. pR. 215-225 akhabArI svAtaMtryanI laDAI. vizvamAnava aMka 176, oNgasTa. 1975. pR. 306-307 aitihAsika kisso. vizvamAnava aMka 176, oNgasTa 1975. pR. 301-305 548. paMDyA, viSNu kaTokaTI vize punaH vicAraNA karo; viSNu paMDyA ane vasaMta gajendragaDakara kRta. vizvamAnava saLaMga aMka 176, oNgasTa 1975. pR. 307-312

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224 te sAhitya ane patrakAratva harijana 549. taMtrI, saMskRti 'harijana' patro baMdha thAya che. saMskRti 10 (3) mArca-1956, pR. 82 hobo nyUjha pa50. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga rakhaDu lokonuM vartamAnapatra. pustakAlaya 22 (5) Dise. 1947. pR. 229-211 vartamAnapatra - taMtrI papa1. AlagiyA, zAmajI lavajI. taMtrIo. prasthAna 15 (4) mAha saM. 1989. pR. 308-309 papara. uddezI, cAMpazI vI. taMtrI : tenI kalA ane teno dharma. navacetana 44 (3) jUna 1965. pR. 257-158 - navacetana 46 (4) julAI 1967, pR. 478-480. papa3. taMtrInAM bhayasthAno. navacetana 61 (1) eprila 1952. pR. 29-31. papa4. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga taMtrI lekho pAchA zA mATe mokale che ? pustakAlaya 31 (5) nave. 1956, pR. 229-230 papapa. kolhaTakara, zrIpAda kRSNa chApAno taMtrI. prasthAna 19 (9) caitra saM. 1991. pR. 542-papa1 papa6. taMtrI, vizvamAnava mAthuM UMcuM rAkhanArAo. vizvamAnava aMka 200, oNgasTa 1977. pR. 402-403 papa7. taMtrI, samAlocaka binajavAbadAra taMtrIsthAna ? samAlocaka 31 (1) jAnyu. 1926. pR. 8, 26

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lekhasUci | 225 papa8, dalAla, yAsIna - taMtrI pariSadanI AsapAsa. nirIkSaka 14 (10) okTo. 1980 pR. 11-13. nivI dilhI khAte yojAyela rASTrIya pariSada) papa9. desAI, haribhAI taMtrIne mokalo e pahelAM. navacetana 46 (6) mArca 1967. pR. 649-651 pa60. parIkha, dhIru, taMtrI aMga . buddhiprakAza 127 (10) oNkTo. 1980 pR. 383 pa61. bhaTTa, kAMti bedhArI talavAra upara cAlanAra. milApa aMka 314, phebru. 1976. pR. 25-26 pa62. yugabAla, upa. eka taMtrIno anubhava. navacetana 43 (5) ogasTa 1964. pR. 48pa-486 pa33. vALaMda, narottama gujarAtanAM pahelAM mahilA-taMtrI. milApa aMka 144, Dise. 1961. pR. 47-49 pa64. zukla, yajJeza ha. akhabArano taMtrI. navacetana 47 (1-2) okTo. - nave. 1968. pR. 147-150 pa65. taMtrIlekho. paraba 21 (ka) jUna 1980. pR. 34pa-3papa 566. samAcAra taMtrI. navacetana 49 (2) nave. 1970. pR. 265-268 pa67. hemANI, tribhuvana vIrajIbhAI lekhaka viruddha taMtrI : eka koyaDo. navacetana 35 (4) julAI 1959. pR. 403-404 58. lekhaka viruddha taMtrI : navI najare. navacetana 4ra (4) jAnyu. 1964. pR. 479-486

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223 sAhitya ane patrakAratva (sAmayika) paDa9. AvasatthI, vi. ya. hAlanAM mAsiko ane patronI bhASA sAhitya 14 (9) jUna 1925. pR. 397-403 570. jAnI, kRpAzaMkara sAhitya-sAmayiko pratye samAjanuM valaNa nirIkSaka 19 (4) sapTe. 1985. pR. 19-20 571. taMtrI, kumAra hastalikhita mAsikano aMka kema taiyAra thAya ? kumAra 3 (7) aSADha saM. , 1982. pR. 283-288 572. taMtrI, saMskRti saMskRti' vidAya mAge che. saMskRti 38 (416) oNkTo.-Dise. 1984. pR. 480-487 - paraba 23 (3) mArca 1985. pR. 7-14 pa73. trivedI, narendra sAhityika sAmayiko : jUnA ane navAM. paraba 21 () jUna 1980. pR. 390-394 574. dave, araviMda pI. ApaNAM sAmayiko. nirIkSaka 14 (37) me 1981. pR. 13-13 pa7pa. daLavI, jayavanta satyakathA" baMdha thayuM. graMtha 19 (11) nave. 1982. pR. 46-47 pa76. desAI, azvina nirIkSaka'nuM dhyeya vicAravRddhi ne lAgaNI buddhi nirIkSaka 18 (48-49) julAI 1985. pR. 12-14 pa77. desAI, kumArapALa ApaNAM bALasAmayiko. paraba 27 (8-9) oNgasTa-sapTe. 1985. pR. 188-202 578. gujarAtamAM bALasAmayiko. navacetana 61 (8-9) nave.-Dise. 1982. pR. 57-94

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579. desAI, maganabhAI 580. 581. 582. dozI, yazavaMta 583. lekhasUci 7 227 guruprasAda (patrikA).vivekAMjali (amadAvAda : gujarAta vidyApITha, 1960). pR. 210 be kaoNleja mAsiko.vivekAMjali (amadAvAda : gUjarAta vidyApITha, 1960). pR. 222 mAsika patrono AvakAra. vivekAMjali (amadAvAda : gUjarAta vidyApITha, 1960). pR. 201-202 pR. 13 baMdha thatAM sAmayiko. graMtha 22 (4) eprila 1985. pR. 40-41 584. marAThInuM sarvottama sAhityika mAsika 'satyakathA' baMdha paDyuM. graMtha 19 (10) oNkTo. 1982. pR. 15 585. paTela, cI. nA. 588. navuM traimAsika 'vivecana'. graMtha 19 (8) oNgasTa 1982. 'buddhiprakAza', dalapatarAma ane arvAcIna gujarAtano janma. vizvamAnava aMka 346-347 oNkTo. - nave. 1989. pR. 274-282 586. paTela, bahecarabhAI maNilAla gujarAtI bhASAmAM sAmayikono thato lopa.nirIkSaka 1 (4) phebru. 1987. pR. 10-13 navacetana 45 (12) mArca 1987. pR. 33-35 587. paTela, bhoLAbhAI 'graMtha' have baMdha. paraba 27 (11) nave. 1986. pR. 1-4 'paraba'nAM pacIsa varasa. paraba 26 (12) Dise. 1984. pR. 1-2 589. 'saMskRti' pUrNAhuti vizeSAMka. paraba 26 (3) mArca 1985. pR. 1-2 590. paTela, sAM. je. AjanAM laghu sAmayiko. navacetana 62 (4) julAI 1983.pR. 41-42 591. palANa, narottama 'lokagurjarI'(aMka 12 : 1988). paraba 29 (7) julAI 1988. pR. 39-40

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228 | sAhitya ane patrakAratva pa92. pArekha, hIrAlAla tribhovanadAsa gujarAtI mAsiko. buddhiprakAza 71 (11) nave. 1924. pR. 328-338 593. bhaTTa, kirITa 2. sAmayiko - ApaNI pArAzIzI. navacetana 60 (9) Dise. 1981. pR. 25-26 pa94. bhaTTa, vizvanAtha maganalAla gujarAtI bhASAnAM cAlu mAsiko. vasaMta 21 (10) kArtika saM. 1979, pR. 388-399 - vasaMta 21 (12) poSa saM. 1979. pR. 460-477 pa95. zAha, mukunda pI. baMdha paDatAM sAhityika sAmayiko. navacetana 64 (10) jAnyu. 1986. pR. 7-8 pa96. zukla, cyavanarAya sAmayika patranA paMthe. sAhitya 7 (3) mArca 1919. pR. 833-846 pa97, sAmayika patranA sAhityanI Avazyakta. sAhitya 8 (10) oNkTo. 1920. pR. 777-778 pa98. zeTha, kezava ha. sAhityapracAramAM mAsikonuM sthAna, buddhiprakAza 67 (5) me 1920. pR. 150-158 pa99, sadAvratI, narabherAma | gujarAtI sAptAhikonuM svarUpa. paraba 21 (9) jUna 1980. pR. 395-400 600. siddikI, hasinuddIna samUhamAdhyamo (Mass Media) ane urdU sAhitya. paraba 22 (5-6) me-jUna 1981. pR. 47-50 601. hAjItaiyaba, usmAnaganI kaumudI : tenAM manana ane avalokana. sAhitya 14 (6) jUna 1925. pR. 410-41

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gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada saMmelana 602. akkaDa, vallabhadAsa akhabArI paribhASA. 22muM sammelana. vilepArale (muMbaI) 1963. pR. 569-589 603. gAMdhI, sAmaLadAsa (pramukha) gAMdhIyuganI gurjagirAnuM pAMgaratuM patrakAritva. 13muM saMmelana, karAMcI. 1937-38. pR. 273-304 604. trivedI, nalinakAnta a. AMgla patrakAritva. 18muM saMmelana. navasArI 1952. pR. 104-105 605. desAI, maganabhAI prabhudAsa (pramukha) lokazikSaNa, sAhitya ane patrakArI. 19muM saMmelana, naDiyAda. 1955. pR. 167-176 606. desAI, mahAdeva haribhAI (pramukha) vRttavivecana ane vRttavivecako. 12muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1936. pR. 1-27 607. desAI, vAmanarAva kRSNalAla graMtha svAmitvano kAyado. 12muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1936. pR. 143-170 608. paTela, dhIrajalAla pu. lekhasUci 229 gujarAtI patrakAritvanA kAryakSetranI AchI rUparekhA. 18muM saMmelana, navasArI. 1952. pR. 112-116 609. paMDyA, mahendra na. patrakAritva : tenAM Adarzo ane kartavyo. 18muM saMmelana, navasArI. 1952. pR. 106-111 610. mahetA, kapilarAya ma. akhabArI svAtaMtrya. 20muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1959. pR. 328-329 611. mahetA, mohanalAla 'sopAna' (pramukha) patrakAratva. 22muM saMmelana, vilepArale (muMbaI). 1963. pR. 258-278 612. mahetA, ravizaMkara (pramukha) sarvodaya yuganuM patrakAratva. 20muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1959. pR. 1276-141 613. mAstara, dharmendra 'madhuram' ApaNAM vartamAnapatro ane bhASAzuddhi. 22muM saMmelana, vilepArale (muMbaI). 1963. pR. 590-595

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230 sAhitya ane patrakAratva 614. ApaNuM patrakAritva -- kaMIka vicAra. 18muM saMmelana, navasArI. 1952. pR.1 615. gAMdhIjI - patrakAra tarIke. 2pamuM saMmelana. jUnAgaDha. 1969. pR. 273-281 16. taMtrIlekho ane jAherAto. 24muM saMmelana, dilhI. 1967. pR. 271-274 u17. rAvata, bacubhAI (pramukha) * patrakAratva. 23muM saMmelana, sUrata. 1965. pR. 85-102 918. patrakAratva vibhAganI kAryavAhI. 23muM saMmelana, sUrata. 1965. pR. 207-210. u19. zAstrI, kezavarAma kAzIrAma gujarAtI akSaronAM bIbAM. 12muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1936. pR. 11-168 620. zAha, cunIlAla vardhamAna graMthasvAmitvano kAyado. 12muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1937. pR. 13pa-142 patrakAratva : eka pavitra vyavasAya. 14muM saMmelana, aMdherI (muMbaI). 1941. pR. 161-177 (pramukhasthAnethI). ka22. vartamAnapatro ane udyogadaSTi. 20muM saMmelana, amadAvAda. 1959, pR. 322-327 ka23. zukla, yazavaMta (pramukha) patrakAratva. 24muM saMmelana, dilhI. 1967. pR. 85-104 ka24. zelata, kAlidAsa kRpAzaMkara (pramukha) patrakAratva. 18muM saMmelana, navasArI, 195ra. pR. 1-10 ka25. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. gujarAtI vRttapatronA agralekhA. 24muM saMmelana, 1967. pR. 217-270 6 21.

Page #232
kartasUci 29 [ 'patrakAratva : lekhasUci'mAM samAviSTa lekhonA kartAnI varNAnukrama sUci, jemAM je te kartAnA nAmanI sAme sUcimAMnI noMdhonA kramAMka darzAvela che. ] kartAnAM nAma sUcimAMnI noMdhonA kramAMka akkaDa, vallabhadAsa 1, 130, 294, 602 111 adANI, ratubhAI abhilASakumAra 338 azoka harSa 307, 501 143 144 513 551 569 2-4, 123, 145, 298, 299, 361, 397, 552, 553 5 aMtANI, jitendra ena. AcArya, lakSmIprasAda ja. AThavale, rAmacaMdra baLavaMta AgiyA, zAmajI lavajI AvasatthI, vi. ya. uddezI, cAMpazIbhAI vi. elekajhAMDara, horesa ojhA, DaMkeza ojhA, zazina kavi, dayAzaMkara bha. kApaDiyA, raMgIladAsa ma. kAmadAra, choTAlAla mAnasiMga kAlelakara, kAkAsAheba kALe, vA. kAMgA, jAlu navala kUka, eNlisTera koThArI, jayaMta koThArI, viThThaladAsa ma. koThA2I, sunIla 6-8, 112, 366, 367 80, 340 336 300, 301 9-11, 103, 119, 368-388, 522, 139, 543, 550, 554 12, 351, 356, 389 340 143 529 279 390 108

Page #233
232 sAhitya ane patrakAratva kolhaTakara, zrIpAda kRSNa *bAiTIsa, pIerI khuzavaMtasiMgha gAMdhIjI gAMdhI, bhogIbhAI gAMdhI, bhogIlAla gAMdhI, vasaMtarAya gAMdhI, sAmaLadAsa lakSmIdAsa gAMdhI, subhadrA gAMdhI, hiMmatalAla garabaDadAsa gora, ajita gautama, 2mezanAtha raMganAtha gaudAnI, harilAla caturvedI, banArasIdAsa caMdrApIDa cembaralena, viliyama henarI caudharI mAdhava mo. caudharI, raghuvIra cauhANa, haribhAI jamInadAra, raseza jayanta jAnI, kRpAzaMkara jAnI, baLavaMta jAnI, rameza jozI, umAzaMkara jozI, kanaiyAlAla jozI, caMdrakAnta jozI, DAhyAbhAI jozI, dakSiNakumAra jozI, pururAja jozI, ramaNalAla jozI, zivakumAra jJAnabhakti, upa. jhaverI, bipina 555 13 14 391 528 238, 247, 392, 393 394 603 238 395 133 396 147 302, 346, 514 277, 500, 503 397 248 15 148 272, 273 398 570 113 125 149, 239, 240, 246, 310 150 311 140 151-153 16, 117, 249, 312 154 399 293

Page #234
jhaverI, sukanyA TAMka, bihArIlAla DagalI, indirA vA. DagalI, vADIlAla DagalI, zAMtilAla taMtrI, UrminavaracanA taMtrI, kumAra . taMtrI, graMtha taMtrI, navacetana taMtrI, nirIkSaka taMtrI, pustakAlaya taMtrI, prasthAna taMtrI, buddhiprakAza taMtrI, mAnasI taMtrI, milApa taMtrI, vasaMta taMtrI, vizvamAnava kartAsUci 233 250 142, 295 313 17, 251, 3pa2, 400 314 303 129, 136, 155, 209, 213, 233, rapara, 253, 280, 296, 304, 345, 401, 518, 571 31pa-317 15-169, 225, 544 18, 19, 214, 402, 403 20, 308, 404-416, 515, 517, 530, 533 21 22, 417, 418 107, 232 23, 24, 419, 420, 234 362, 421 297, 422-424, 546, 547, papa 109, 465, 420, 519, papa7 25, 105, 127, 281, 427, pa23, 149, 572 * 363, 428 pa27 304 429 29 254 27, 28, 82, 228, 524, 558 138, 170 430, 574 350 taMtrI, samAlocaka taMtrI, saMskRti taMtrI, sAhitya tripAThI, ramaNIyarAma govardhanarAma trivedI, nalinakAnta a. trivedI, niraMjana trivedI, zraddhA trivedI, saroja dalAla, yAsIna dalAla, ramaNIkalAla ja. dave, araviMda pI. dave, jugatarAma

Page #235
234 ] sAhitya ane patrakAratva dave, nAthAlAla dave, mohanalAla pArvatIzaMkara dave, rohita dave, harIndra daLavI, jayavanta diveTiyA, kSitIza diveTiyA, narasiMharAva bhoLAnAtha durakALa, manvaMtarAya maNirAya deDhiyA, gulAba desAI, azvina desAI, icchArAma desAI, IzvaralAla icchArAma desAI, kumArapALa desAI, kezavaprasAda desAI, jitendra ThA. nArAyaNa desAI, desAI, nIrubhAI desAI, puSka22Ava sAkaralAla desAI, prANalAla kIrapArAma desAI, maganalAla prabhudAsa desAI, mahAdeva haribhAI desAI, mahendra vAlajIbhAI desAI, morArajI desAI, vanamALA desAI, vAmanarAva kRSNalAla desAI, haribhAI desAI, hemanta dozI, yazavaMta dhanabhUrA, pharAmaroja dhUmaketu dhu, gaTubhAI dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara naheru, javAharalAla 431 432 318 29, 229 575 319 364 433 30 255, 576 31 7 32-34, 171, 256, 434 436, 479, 577, 578 437 35, 320 353 36, 230 545 37 535, 579-581, 605 06 321 322 323 605 559 38 217, 235, 324,582-584 305 438 132 39 40, 439

Page #236
kartAsUci | 235 511 41 42 440 276 172 ra78 585 nAga, kAlidAsa nAga, kSitIndrakumAra nANAvaTI, zazIkAnta nANAvaTI, zaMkaraprasAda samarthaprasAda nAyaka, cInubhAI nAyaka, prANasukha nIlakaMTha, hemantakumAra paTela, cI. nA. paTela, cImanabhAI paTela, jayavadana paTela, jayaMta paTela, DAhyAbhAI lakSmaNabhAI paTela, dhIrajalAla pu. paTela, bahecarabhAI ka. paTela, bahecarabhAI maNilAla paTela bhoLAbhAI paTela, maNilAla ha. paTela, mahendra paTela, mANekalAla paTela, raNachoDabhAI pI. paTela, raNajita paTela, ratilAla ukAbhAI paTela, lAlabhAI bI. paTela, vallabhabhAI paTela, sAM. je. paramAra, jayanta paramAra, jayamalla paramAra, takhtasiMha parAzara parIkha, gItA parIkha, dhIrubhAI parIkha, niraMjana parikha, maNilAla kezavalAla palANa, narottama 43, 441 44 442 443 908 257 pa86 360, 587-589 446, 447 173 258 448 45 510 174 43 pa90 175 111, 220, 241 176 47 259 242, 245, 560 448 444, 445 pa91

Page #237
48 236 ] sAhitya ane patrakAratva paMcolI, Izvara je. paMDita, caMdramaNizaMkara jeThAlAla paMDita, bahAdurazAha paMDyA, jamiyata paMDyA, jayanta paMDyA, navInacaMdra paMDyA, mahendra na. paMDyA, raMjitalAla harilAla paMDyA, viSNu pAThaka, jayanta pAThaka, devavrata pAThaka, prabhAzaMkara jayazaMkara pArasa, upa. pArekha, nagInadAsa pArekha, madhusUdana pArekha, hirAlAla tribhovanadAsa pinAkina, upa. pIyUSa, upa. purohita, someza peTalIkara, Izvara prajApati, rameza bIlIpatra, upa. bUca, hasita ha. brokara, gulAbadAsa bhagavatI, hirAlAla harilAla bhaTTa, kAMti bhaTTa, kirITa ra. bhaTTa, cunIlAla becaralAla bhaTTa, balavaMta bhaTTa, yogendra vi. bhaTTa, ravizaMkara saM. bhaTTa, vinoda bhaTTa, vizvanAtha maganalAla bhaTTAcArajI , ajita 450 260 177 49, 451, 4para 178 GOL 50 pa1, para, 215, 453, 548 325 290, 454 4papa 541 139 pa3, 122, 210, 350, 354 54-58, 192 456 13, 4pa7 140 211, 458, 459 274 470 3pa9 pa9, 179 261 561 10, 11, 193 461 262 326 327 180, 263, 339, 342, 462 pa94 463

Page #238
majamudAra, caMdrakAnta ja. majamudAra, devendra maDiyA, cunIlAla maNilAla chabArAma kizoralAla mazarUvALA, mahetA, uSA mahetA, kapilarAya ma. mahetA, ketana mahetA, caMdrakAnta mahetA, caMpakalAla mahetA, jayasukhalAla kRSNalAla mahetA, jayaMtIlAla mahetA, jasavaMta mahetA, mohanalAla 'sopAna' mahetA, ravizaMkara mahetA, vAsudeva mAvaLaMkara, dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara, puruSottama gaNeza mArzala, ratana rustamajI mAstara, karIma mahammada mAstara, dharmendra 'madhuram' mALavI, naTavaralAla mAMkekara, DI. Ara. mistrI, ibrAhima hAjImahammada mistrI, zAMtAbahena 2. meghANI, jhaveracaMda meghANI, mahendra meghANI, 2maNIka merila, jhona sI. modI, nagIna modI, manahara maurya, vijayagupta yAjJika, amRtalAla 181 62 63, 221 110 64 328 464, 610 465 74 475 75 291 kartAsUci 65, 134 182, 183, 282 227 264 184 66, 466, 611 67, 68, 612 69, 185, 467, 468 70 329 525 71, 72 73, 186, 187, 469-474, 613-616 76 476 306 477 478 355 188 479 237

Page #239
238 - D sAhitya ane patrakAratva yAjJika, caMdrakAnta yugabAla, upa. razmina, upa. rAju. esa. ke. rAva, calapati rAva, DI. pI. rAvata, bacubhAI 189 pakara 120 480 218 78, 190, 192, 265, 617, 118 481 223 358 191 121 192, 193, 243, 3pa6 114 rAvala, abhaya rAvala, prakAzam rAvala, rameza DI. rAvala, anaMtarAya rAvala, gajendra rAvaLa, ravizaMkara ma. vaDagAmA, nItina vaDodariyA, bhUpata vanarAvana vasANI, vrajalAla vAIvAlA, dAsabahAdUra vAghariyA, ibrAhima vALaMda, narottama vidyAlaMkAra, zaMkaradeva 482 78 vibhAkara, nRsiMhadAsa vallI, rolenDa vaidya, vijayarAya ka. vyAsa, kAMtibhAI vyAsa, mULazaMkara premajI vyAsa, rajanI vhorA, himAMzu zarmA, bhagavatIkumAra zAstrI, kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI, ramAnAtha zAha, guNavaMta cho. 236 483 pa31 194, 563 104, 115, 219, 234, 337, u44 237, 365 80 106, 131 330 484 195 357 81, 82, 196, 270 619 343 '12, 532

Page #240
kartAsUci ] 239 zAha, caMdrakAnta zAha, caMdulAla nA. zAha, cImanalAla maMgaLadAsa zAha, cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha, cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha, jayaMtIlAla zAha, pI. ke. zAha, prakAza na. zAha, pratApa zAha, prIti zAha, baLavaMtabhAI zAha, baLavaMtarAya zAha, mukunda pI. 83 84 348 309, 485 85, 86, 486, 620-622 197 226 198 487 468, 488 128, 489, 490 88, 199, 200, 231, 236, 302, 491, 55 201, 202 208, 267 492 493 89 292 540 526 zAha, mULajIbhAI pI. zAha, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, rameza bI. zAha, vADIlAla mo. zAha, zreyAMsa zAha, harilAla zAha, harSavadana "utsuka zAha, hemantakumAra zAMtipriya zivam suMdaram, upa. zukla, cyavanarAya zukla, jayadeva zukla, DI. ena. zukla, baMsIdhara zukla, bipina zukla, yajJeza ha. 203 494, pa96, 597 141 204 502, 50pa 91- 93, 124, 126, 13pa, 205, 216, 244, 271, 283289, 341, 349, 495-497, pa20, para1, 53-538, 542, 564-566

Page #241
240 C sAhitya ane patrakAratva zukla, yazavanta zeTha, amRtalAla zeTha, kezava ha. zeTha, caMdrakAnta zeTha, pravINa zeThI, vizvanAtha zelata, kAlidAsa kRpAzaMkara zAM, iravina zaurI, aruNa zrIvAstava, bhagavatIprasAda satIkumAra maganalAla sadAvratI, narabherAma sapa2sTona, mAikala sarakAra, kamala savANI, rameza saMghavI, jitendra saMghavI, haMsA sAmANI, sureza sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja . siddikI, hasinuddIna sutariyA, caMdrakAnta sULe, khaMDerAva selArakA, caMdulAla solaMkI, 2maNIkalAla sToparphorDa, phrAnsisa sneharazmi, upa. hAjItaiyaba, usmAnaganI hemANI, tribhuvana vIrajIbhAI 94, 95, 118, 137, 212, 224, 268, 331, 498, 623 96 499, 198 269 116 500 624 101 502 503 222 199 105 97 506 332 333 14, 98 206, 500, 725 600 508 223 207 334 509 335 601 99-102, 510, 513, 567, 568

Page #242
A saMvardhita AvRtti dareka pravRttinAM be pariNAmo hoI zake : eka, tatkAlavartamAnane prabhAvita karanAruM pariNAma ane bIjuM thayelA kAmanI dUragAmI asaro nIpajAvanAruM pariNAma. A bhUmikAe gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade 'sAhitya ane patrakAratva' viSaya para 20mI eprila, 1980nA divase yojelo parisaMvAda upara nirdezyAM che e baMne pariNAmonI dRSTie saphaLa rahyo che. parisaMvAdamAM upasthita rahelA zrotAo temAM apAyelAM vaktavyothI samRddha thayA to e vaktavyo pUrve paraba'nA vizeSAMka rUpe tathA pachIthI 'sAhitya ane patrakAratva' e zIrSakathI graMtha rUpe sulabha banatAM patrakAratva ane sAhitya ubhayakSetranAM jijJAsuabhyAsI vAcako paNa lAbhAnvita thayA. - 1980mAM prakAzita thayeluM e pustaka chellAM keTalAMka varSothI alabhya thayuM hatuM. e sthitimAM mAtra tenuM punarmudraNa na karatAM sAmagrImAM thoDuM saMvardhana paNa thayuM che jeno yaza saMpAdaka zrI kumArapALa desAIne phALe ja jAya che. apekSA che saMvardhita rUpe punarmudrita A AvRtti paNa sauno AvakAra pAmaze. mAdhava rAmAnuja prakAzanamaMtrI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada