Prachin Bharat Varsh Part 04

Author(s): Tribhuvandas Laherchand Shah
Publisher: Shashikant and Co
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032486/1

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prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga 2

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caraNa-pAdukA (amarAvatI stUpa) AkRti ne. 2] * lfe eka $ caraNa-pUjA (amarAvatI stUpa) AkRti naM. 3] [ A bannenA varNana mATe citraparicayamAM tathA pustakanA aMte pariziSTa pRSTha 37ra juo. ]

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yA sampatividhAyinI vijayinI vijJAnasandAyinI / yA divyAJjanadAyinI nayanayoryA mArgasandarzinI // yA sadbrahmavicArasAdhanakarI yA dharmasambodhinI / sA vidyA paramezvarI naravaraiH sAdhyA samArAdhanaiH // 1 // -

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ki . 00000000 10000000 viSaya saMkalanA * pRSTha 3 1 mudrAlekha 2 viSaya saMkalanA che ... mukha pRSTha 3 nAmAbhidhAna 4 mudraNa nivedana . 5 graMthanI Adi 6 TUMkAkSarI samaja 7 graMthanI prazasti .... ... 8 citrAvalI paricaya . 9 graMthanA khaMDa, paricheda tathA viSayenI sUci + da ja chuM R000000000 che " ooooo 05 000001,

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gAyAgeITa rAya i. sa. pU. 900 thI i. sa. 100 sudhInA eka hajAra varSanA prAcIna bhArata varSa cAra bhAgamAM cALela paNa have pAMca vibhAgamAM pragaTa thatA bhAga cotho ati prAcIna zilAlekhA-sikkA ane pramANabhUta itihAsavettAnA AdhAra ApI aitihAsika dRSTie lakhela taddana navIna hakIkta sAthe [A pustaka paratve sarva prakAranA huka prakArAkAe peAtAne svAdhIna rAkhyA che. lekhaka : tribhuvanadvAsa laheracaMda zAhu ela. ema. enDa esa. } vAdA -------------------

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prathama AvRtti prata 1250 chuTaka kiMmata prathama bhAga rUA. 5 dvitIya,, za. gA rUA. kA tRtIya caturtha za. Y paMcama rUA. Y kula rUA. 30] . 23 ma. saM. 2464 vikrama saMvata 194 I. sa. eat AkhA seTanA thanArane grAhaka rUA. rA pAMcamA bhAga pragaTa thatAM sudhI te bAda rUA. rajI punaH Aditya mudraNAlaya * rAyakhaDa reDa * amadAvAda maNilAla pu. mistrI, khI. e.

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: mamama - --- caturtha vibhAga khaMDa sAtame khaMDa AThama khaMDa navamo khaMDa daza - - ka: paramAra, - - ka niArA mAmA mAmaiiii

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TUMkAkSarI samaja a. adhyAya praka. prakaraNa A. Athu. AkRti prastA. prastAvanA - I. ItyAdi ma. saM. mahAvIra saMvata I. sa. IsavIsana mi. misTara I. sa. pU. IsavIsananI pUrve vi. vigere upe. uddaghAta saM. saMvata, saMvatsara khe. khaMDa vi. saM. vikrama saMvatsara. gu. va. so. gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI A. D. IsavIsana amadAvAda B. C. isavIsananI pUrve TI. TIkA athavA TipaNa F. N. (neTa) TIkA naM. naMbara Intro. (InTroDakSanI prastAvanA pravezaka pari. pariccheda, pariziSTa P. (peIja) pRSTha pA. pArAgrApha, pArigrApha PI. (I) paTa Pref. (prIpheIsa) prastAvanA pu. pustaka Prof. (prophesara) adhyApaka pR. pRSTha Vol. (lyuma) pustaka, vibhAga, bhAga 5. paMDita je je pustakanA AdhAre TAMkyA che temanA TUMkAkSaronI samaja pu. 1 thI 3 sudhImAM je aneka pustake nihALavA paDayA che temanI yAdI tyAM Apela che. A cothA vibhAgamAM je viSayonuM nirUpaNa karatAM pu. 1 thI 3 sudhImAMnA havAlA ApavA paDyA che, tyAM te asala pustakanAM nAmono nirdeza na karatAM, prAcIna bhAratavarSa pu. 1, 2, 3 jue evA TUMkA isArAja karyA che; kemake asala nAma jaNAvavAthI nAhaka pustakonI nAmAvalI maTI thaI jAya temaja je carcA, dalIle ke samajUti ame amArA taraphathI pu. 1, 2, 3mAM raju karI ne nirNaya bAMdhyA hoya, tenI sahAya levAnI nirarthakatA ubhI thaI jAya che. A be kAraNathI atre raju karelI nAmAvaLI kadAca TUMkI paNa dekhAze. (1) TUMkAkSaramAM lakhyAM che tevAM pustakanAM nAmanI yAdI a. hi. I. ) ala hisTarI opha InDiyA E. H. J. vinsenTa smitha I. e. inDiana ekaverI - I. A. (mAsika) A rI. sa. I. ArkIolejIkala rIperTa opha 6. hi. ka. che InDiyana hisTorIkala karve sadharna InDiyA I. H. 9. I raTarli nAmanuM trimAsika A. sa. sa. I. ArkIolojIkala sarve Ina sadharna inDiyA (nyu ImpIrIala sIrIjha) e. I. juo uparamAM I. ka. e. I ) ezanTa IrAjha I. ke. I sara kaniMgahAma E. I. J e. I. ) epitrAphika inDikA

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eziATIka rIsacajha che. . . ) jainIjhama Ina dhana J. J. N. | lagamensa ku. InDiyA; sI. je. zAkRta e. rI, ezi. rIsarca | e. hi. I. ) okasapharDa hisTarI opha 0. H. I. J InDiyA su. | kalpasUtranI sukhadhikA ke. su. su. } TIkAnuM bhASAMtara. 5. hirA ka. 4. J lAla haMsarAjakRta jAmanagara che. hi. I. ) kembrIja hisTarI opha C. H. I. J inDiA ke. . hi. I. ) kembrIja zorTa hisTarI K. S. H. I. J oNpha InDiyA ke. . . ) keInsa oNpha dhI AMdha C. A. R. I DInesTI; . resana ke. e. I ). ke. i. e. | | | keInsa oNpha enzanTa C. A. 1 | daDiyA; sara kaniMgahAma ke. e. I. keInsa eNpha enzanTa InDiyA je. sI. brAuna (sI. je. brAuna) kRta 1922 laMDana kro. Da. | konolojI opha InDiyA misisa meka Dapha C. I. ja. A. hi. pI. so. ) dhI jaranala opha dhI AMdha J. A. H. R. S. 5 hisTerIkala rIsarca saMsAITI ja. o. bi. sI. sI. ) dhI jaranala opha dhI J. che orisA bihAra rIsarca 0. B. R. S. | sosAiTI ja. ba. eN. ra. e. so vedhI jaranala oNpha dhI bebe J. B. beMca epha dhI DrAyala B. R. A. S. JeziyATika sosAiTI ja..ro. e. so. ) dhI jaranala opha dhI J. R. A. S. | royala eziATika sosA R, A. S. J ITI opha laMDana ja. ro. e. sa. opha dhI greTa briTana enDa AyarlAMDa ja. e. se. beM.) ja. ro. so. e. 7 dhI jaranala opha dhI royala eziyATika sosAITI B. A. S. ( R. A. s. B. ) epha beMgAla kra. I. ] dhI sTaDIjha Ina jenIjhama * i Ina sadhana InDiyA (be * ) bhAga) pro. rAva, ema. e. je. sA. sa. | sAhitya sAdhaka, je. sA. saMzo. trimAsika, janavijayajI saMpAdaka, punA nA. ma. sa. nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA, banArasa prA. bhA. prAcIna bhAratavarSa Do. prAcIna bhA. I tribhuvanadAsa la. zAhamRta bu. I. ) dhI buddhisTIka inDiyA B. I. Uaa che. rIsa DevIjha bu. pra. buddhiprakAza (guxvaso) bhA. prA. rA. bhAratane prAcIna rAja vaMza (be bhAga) vizva rAya rAu, ema. e. bhAM. a. azokyaritra; DI. Ara. bhAMDArakara kRta bhA. sa. I. bhAratano saMkSipta ItihAsa kAMgaDI gurUkuLanA pro. bAlakRSNaema.e. lAhera 1914 pA. ka. pAITarsa DAIneTIka lisTa opha dhI kalI eIja bhi. Te. dhI bhisA TopsaH janarala kaniMgahAma kRta mau. sA. I. maurya sAmrAjyakA ItihAsa kAMgaDI gurukulanA AcArya zrI vidyAbhUSaNa alaMkAra 1930, alhAbAda 2. che. va ) rekarDajha opha dhI vesTarna } varDa (be bhAga) revaraDa R. W.Wesa. bIla.

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- A 3 dhI hiMdu hisTarI opha 1 hisTarI opha dhI inDi hi . . Aka. yana enDa IsTarna ArkaS: 3: DInDiyA, kalakattA 1920 H, H. . H. 1 E. A. 1 Tekacara, jemsa pharagyusana I e. ke. majamudAra phata J kRta (be bhAga) (IT) anya pustake, je pUrAM vAMcyAM hoya ke jemAMthI mAtra avataraNe ja lIdhAM hoya temanAM saMpUrNa nAmavALI yAdI amarakeSa TeDa rAjasthAna : baMTezvara presa ekaTA orIenTaliyA purANa anekAMta (mAsika) pu. 1, 1970; prinsesa jaranala enDa yusaphula Tebalsa dIlhI (baMdha paDI gayuM che) pariziSTa parva AkaolojIkala rIporTasa pharistAha : Deinsa kRta, bhASAMtara pu. 1 Avazyaka vRtti; haribhadrasUri prosIDIMgjha opha dhI Aryana sekSana opha dhI sevanya enzanTa jIogrAphI opha InDiyAH De katA orIenTala koMgresa, De. phalITane lekha (zeTha) aMbAlAla nAnAbhAI pustaka bhaMDAra (vaDodarA) bebe gejheTIara 'kalyANa patrane zivAMka : 1990, zrAvaNu bhAga bahaspati sUtra kuvalayamALA : dAkSiNyacinhasUri bhArahuta stUpa : janarala kaniMgahAma kharechI IskrIpzansa : sTena kenAu madrAsa gavarameMTa kemyunIka; 30-12-20no. gaNapata kRSNAjI kRta zaka paMcAMga bhAvanagara sTeTanA saMskRta ane prAcIna zilAlekha : pro. pITarasana kRta gAthA saptazatI gujarAtI-patra (sAptAhika) muMbaInI bheTa 1913nI; tI. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha : mudrita surata 1987 merUtuMga vicAra zreNI - jagannAthanI mUrti ane bhAratanuM bhaviSya gaMgA" mAsika khAsa aMka 1933 jAnyuArI mathurAnA zilAlekha : gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA kRta mathurA lAyana kepITala pIlara gauDavahe che. hAla kRta tIrthamALAnuM stavana : kavi samayasuMdara kRta inDIyana enTIkavITIjha : prinsepsa mAlavikAgnimitra upaniSada mathurA enDa ITsa enTIkavITIjha H 1901 jainadharma prakAza (mAsika) bhAvanagara mehana bhADere (chUTuM chavAyuM) jaina ti (mAsika) 1988 amadAvAda mudrArAkSasa (baMdha paDI gayuM che) yati bhadattane tilayapannati graMtha jaina yuga (mAsika) muMbaI rAjataraMgiNi jena kALagaNanA : munizrI kalyANavijayajI vi. saM. rUlarsa opha InDiyA sIrIjha-azoka, 1987 zatrujya mahAmya-dhanezvarasUrina jaina patrane saupya mahotsava aMka: 1930 vIra. caritra-hemacaMdrasUri jaina Agama satra tathA graMtha samarAditya kathA-haribhakasUri joDaNI koSa sAthe gujarAta vidyApITha sudhA" (mAsika) 1990 mArgazIrSa (0 TeDa rAjasthAna (saratu sAhitya vardhakaH 1913 graMtha hIsTarI opha erIssA : be bhAga : Ara. DI. pahele) benarajI kRta. -

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graMtha prazasti AkhuMya prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM pustaka navIna zilIe ja taiyAra thayuM hovAthI tenA prathama bhAgamAM ja tenA sarjana vize khulAso karavA Avazyaka lAgyuM hatuM. uttarottara traNa vibhAge pragaTa thaI gaela hovAthI, tevA khulAsAnI have apekSA rahetI nathI. jethI prathama vibhAge je pR 28, bIjAmAM 10 ane trIjAmAM chA rekavAM paDayAM che te mATe A caturtha vibhAge to tethI paNa kamatI karavA raheta; paraMtu bIka rahe che ke kadAca te niyama ahIM na paNa sacavAya; kemake jema vibhAga vadhatA jAya tema vAMcananAM kSetra ane vizALatA paNa vadhe; eTale vivecakenA matabheda paNa vadhAre pramANamAM bahAra paDe te svabhAvika che. AvI rIte bahAra paDatA vivecanane uttara vALavAnuM A sthAne nathI, tema jarUra paNa na gaNAya; paraMtu tema karatAM be sthiti ubhI thAya che. je matabhedane khulAse nathI apAte, te ame raju karelA vicAra khoTA che ema ame pite ja svIkAra karI lIdhAnI mAnyatA prasare che ane khulAse ApavA prayatna karAya che te, jema eka bhAIe jaNAvyuM che tema "paDayA paNa taMgaDI uMcI " athavA ahaMkAra ane abhimAnanuM ALa mAthe ceTe che. bIjA prakAranI sthitimAM je kaMI jAtanI hAni pahoMcatI hoya te amane ekalAne ja che; jyAre pahelI sthitimAM to AkhA ItihAsane hAnI pahoMce che. A vastusthitimAM jAti viSayaka hAnine gauNa lekhI, ItihAsane thatI sarva sAmAnya hAnIne bacAvI levI te kartavya che. jethI thoDI ghaNI paNa atre upayogI lekhAya teTalI samajUti ApIzuM. AvI samajUtI AlekhavAnuM dhoraNa ApaNe "bhUmikA "nA zirSaka taLe rAkhyuM che. * () bhamikA : samarthana ApanAra je aneka abhiprAye avalokano ke abhinaMdana patro maLyAM hoya tene ullekha kare te AtmazlAghA kahevAya mATe tenI saMkhyA game teTalI vipula heya toye jatI karavI ja ucIta gaNAya che. jyAre virUddha paDatI game tevI nAnI TIkA hoya to paNa tene lakSamAM laI, temAMthI grAhya hoya tene amala karavAthI ApaNane majabUtI maLe che. AvAM ceDAMka TIkAsthAne amArI najare paDyAM che; (1) zrIyuta durgAzaMkara zAstrIjIe prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM "prasthAna" mAsikamAM avalokana lIdhuM che, temAM tathA karAMcI mukAme maLela sAhitya pariSadanA eka vibhAgIya pramukha tarIke vAMcela

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bhASaNamAM, kATalA ugAramAM (2) 1936nA "gujarAtI sAhitya sabhAnA rIporTamAM tenA samIkSaka rA. rA. prophesara mAMkaDe amArA pustaka viSe pragaTa karelA vicAramAM (3) "muMbaI samAcAra" nAme dainikamAM zrIyuta mi. jhaverIe keI paNa jAtanI dalIla ApyA vinA TAMkelA pitAnA aneka nirNayamAM (4) ane pU A. ma. zrI. Indravijaya sUrie bahAra pADela aneka kRtiomAM. uparanA cArenAM samAdhAnane prayAsa have eka pachI eka karIe (1) zrIyuta durgAzaMkara zAstrIjInA pramukha tarIkenA bhASaNamAM kAMI dalIlanI apekSA na ja rakhAya; tema te sthitimAM pite game tevAM vizeSaNe vApare toye sarvane maunaja sevavuM rahe eTale te bAbata ApaNe jatI karavI rahI; bAkI avelekanamAM paNa dalIla jevuM thoDuM ja dAkhavyuM che; mAtra pitAne abhiprAya darzAvatAM amane dhamadhapaNAnA, ahaMbhAvanA I. I. IlakAba chUTe hAthe Ape gayA che, paraMtu te IlakAbe pitAne lAgu paDe che ke amane, te te bhAvI nakkI kare te kharUM. atra temanI eka zaMkAno uttara Apa jarUrI che. pariziSTakAra zrI hemacaMdrasUrie avaMtipationA samaya bAbata traNa gAthA TAMkI che, tenA artha che. zAMtilAla nAmanA vidvAne cAlI AvatI mAnyatA pramANe karI batAvyo che. jyAre ame judI ja rIte karI batAvyuM che. eTale zrImAna zAstrIjIne te bahu AkaruM paDayuM che ane te mATe pitAnA taraphanI saMgIna dalIla ApavAne badale (1)mAtra bole che ke "AdhAra eka ja hovA chatAM nirNaya judA judA; A vAkayane paNa je eka dalIla ja gaNAtI hoya te jaNAvavuM rahe che ke kAyadAnI keTe hAlamAM aneka darajInI gaNAya che. sauthI nAnI munasaphanI, tenA upara sezansa jaja, tenA upara hAI keTe, tenI upara pula beMca ane chevaTa prIvI kAunsIla; eka kesa je munsaphanI korTamAM cAlyo hoya ane tenuM pariNAma saMtoSakAraka na hoya te phariyAdI tene teja kAgaLe laIne eka pachI eka uparanI korTamAM jAya che. ane pAMce keTemAM koI vakhate judA judA nirNaye paNa Ave che. A pramANe sarve pAse "kAgaLa-AdhAra eka ja hevA chatAM nirNaya judA judA" kAM AvatA haze tene kAMI khulAso che ke? (2) rA. rA. pro. DolararAya mAMkaDa, temaNe rIporTamAM amArA pustaka vize abhiprAya darzAvatAM evI te zabda ane vAkya racanA karI che ke gujarAtI bhASAnA niSNAta tarIke te tarI Ave ane bIjA pakSe ApaNane temanA hAtha taLe besIne ja gujarAtI bhASAnuM jJAna meLavavAnuM mana thayAM kare; temane be bAbatane deSa mukhya paNe lAge che. eka te aitihAsika pustakamAM na dAkhala karavA jevI bAbatane samAveza karyo che jethI pustakane zuddha ItihAsa na kahevAya; ane bIje, dalIla karavAnI tathA (1) amane eka anya vidvAne kahela zabdo atre yAda Ave che temanA kahevAne sAra e hato ) zrImAna zAstrIjIne gujarAtanA itihAsano abhyAsa haju haze paraMtu prAcIna bhAratavarSane nahIM hoya. nahIM te rItasaranI dalIla Apata.

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sama sArAsAra tAravI kADhavAnI paddhati khAkhatanA che. pahelI khabata vize ema uttara ApavAne ke, itihAsa kene kahevA te prazna matamatAMtaranA che. te vize amArA keTalAka vicArA pu. 1 nI prastAvanAmAM jaNAvyA che. vizeSamAM "prasthAna" mAsikamAM 1994 nA kArtika mAsanA aMkamAM "itihAsanuM parizIlana" nAme je vidvatApUrNa lekha atranI kolejanA adhyApaka rA. rA. kezavalAla hiMmatarAma kAmadAre lakhyA che te upara dhyAna khecavA rajA laI e chIe. bIjo doSa je teezrIe mUkayA che te jANavA tathA vidyArthI tarIke temAMthI zIkhavA ceAgya tattvA grahaNa karavA, teozrIne amadAvAdamAM ja eka vakhate ame rUbarU maLyA hatA. tyAre thADIka carcA thai hatI tenA sAra e hatA ke, temaNe amArU prathama pustaka temaja tenI prastAvanA vAMcI nathI; banavA joga che ke jo vAMcuM hAta teA temane dekhAtI tUTI vizenuM samAdhAna temAMthI maLI raheta eTale nirUpAye bIjI vakhata sarva pustaka sahita maLavA upara mulatavI rAkhyuM. te khAda karAMcI mukAme temanA nivAsasthAna upara be vakhata ame maLyA paNa samayanA abhAve te muddAo carcI zakAyA nathI. tyAMthI AvyAkhATTu e traNa vakhata patradvArA tenA javAbanI ugharANI karI paNa che. paraMtu uttara maLyo nathI eTale have jyAre vaLI ane tyAre kharU (3) muMbaI samAcAranA eka lekhaka zrIyuta jhaverI-temaNe lagabhaga aDhI Dajhana jeTalA peAtAnA nirNayA ja kevaLa jaNAvI dIdhA che. te nirNayeA upara AvavAne temane zuM zuM kAraNeA maLyAM hatAM tenA ullekha sarakhAce nathI. balke pU. A. ma. indravijayasUri mahArAjanA ja sarva prazno ane nice kema utAryA na hoya athavA kema jANe temanI nizrAmAM rahIne ja AkhAye lekha lakhAcA na heAya tevA AbhAsa ubheA thAya che. A sthitimAM temane svataMtra javAba na ApatAM, IndravijayasUrijI mATenA nIce jaNAvela uttara vAMcI javA vinati che. (4) pU. A. ma. IndravijayasUri amArI kRtimAM apUrva rasa letA mAlama paDayA che. I. sa. 1937nA me mAsa sudhImAM temaNe je pravRtti AdarI hatI ane temAM kayAM kayAM temaNe uMdhe raste vAcakAne doryAM che tenuM digdarzana pustaka vibhAga 3 nI prastAvanAmAM pR. 10 thI 14 sudhImAM TUMkamAM dorI khatAvyuM che. te bAda temanA taraphathI traNa pustako pragaTa thayela ame nihALyAM che (1) prAcIna bhAratanuM siMhAvaleAkana (2) mathurAnA siMhadhvajara ane (3) mahAkSatrapa rAjArUdradAmA, pAchaLanA be pustako dekhItI rIte amAne sparzatA nathI paraMtu amee jAhera karela mAnyatAnA khaMDana mATenA temAM vAravAra IsArA karAyala heAvAthI tenAM nAma atre utAyA che. A uparathI je eka be vidvAnAe te save joyAM-vAMcyA haze temaNe pRcchA paNa calAvela ke, DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa upara iMdravijayasUrine ATalA badhA verabhAva thavAnuM kAraNa zuM ? amArA kAne te vAta AvI tyAre tyAre ame (2) siMhadhvaja nAma temaNe zA mATe ApyuM haze te teozrIe kayAMya jAyuM nathI. mULa zabda / Lion-capital Pillar che; jene arthe siMhastaMbha thaI zake,

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12 eTalA ja javAba ApelA ke amArUM pustaka bahAra pADayuM te pahelAM temaja pachI paNa, jyAM sudhI gujarAtamAM-kAThiyAvADamAM teozrI vicaratA hatA tyAMsudhI ame sArI rIte temanA samAgamamAM AvyA chIe. eTale tyAMsudhI verabhAva tA eka bAju rahyo paNa kaI rIte aprItinA bhAva paNa darzAvAyA nathI ! bAkI tA jenI pAse je vastu vadhAre hoya tenuM te dAna Ape che, athavA svabhAva paDacA hoya tenuM nivAraNa zuM? te temanAM traNe pustakA dhyAnapUrvaka vAMcI joyAM che. te vize melavA jatAM aneka ilkAbeAnI navAjeza AvI paDaze ja, chatAM hiMmatapUrvaka saMkSiptamAM kahI zakAya tema che ke, eka e nAnI vigata sivAya, anya koi paNa mahatvanuM tattva temAMthI gratuNu karavA jevuM nIkaLyuM nathI. savistara teA uttara ApavAnA te| avasara jyAre prApta thAya tyAre kharA, paraMtu eka e muddA je vAcaka vargane khAsa jaNAvavA cAgya che te atra raju karIzuM. vastu saMgraha karavAnA temaNe bhagIratha prayatna karyo che, vaLI aneka AdhAra ane pramANeA DhAMkIne pAnAMne pAnAM bharAya teTaluM lakhANa paNa upajAvI kADhayuM cheH A badhAMthI ame paNa ghaNA pramANamAM mAhitagAra chIe, chatAM amee je navAM nice ke anumAna maLyAM che ane tema karavA mATe kAraNA ane vigatA darzAvI che, temAMnI eke peAte vAMcatA nathI, vicAratA nathI, khaMDana karatA nathI; para Mtu je vastue kayAranI jANI cUkAi che, vitasUrNa thaI gaI che, te vAravAra gAyA ja kare che tenA artha zuM? pAte saMgrAhakanA pATha bhajave che paNa sAthe sAthe raju karAtI dalIleA upara vicAra karI, saMzodhakanA mArge vaLI jAya te ghaNuM ghaNuM navuM jANavAnuM ApI zake. eka ja draSTAMta ApIzuM. mathurAnA siMhadhvajavALI pustikAmAM itihAsanA viSayamAM vartamAnakALe sattAsamAna gaNAtA mahAdhura'dhara evA e pAMca ke dazapaMdara nahIM, paNa trevIsa trevIsa vidvAnAnA abhiprAyA meLavIne temaNe raju karyAM che; te sarvanA eka ja dhArA abhiprAya vAMcatAM te khAmatamAM ApaNe hAtha ja dhoI nAMkhavA rahe che. paratu te abhiprAyA meLavavAmAM temaNe evI siphatathI kAma lIdhuM che ke, itihAsanA viSayathI apara rahela vAcaka vargane te sahelAIthI khabara ja na paDe. temaNe prathama tA 15-7-37nI mitinA eka chApela paripatra, uparanA trevIse vidvAna pAThavyeA lAge che; ane te paNa evA rUpamAM ke cAlu AvatI mAnyatAnuM svarUpa raju karatA vAkayAmAMja; ke jenA uttara, hA ke nA, jevA thADA zabdomAM ja athavA teA tevA mItAkSarI vAkayeAmAM ja AvI jAya. paripatramAM jo temaNe cAlu mAnyatAthI ulaTa javAmAM amArI zuM zuM dalIle che athavA amane zuM zuM saMceAgA che tenuM varNana karyuM heta ke TUMkamAM paNa tene citAra ApyA hAta, tA tA jarUra te upara vicAra karIne ja tee potAnA abhiprAya Apata (A hakIkata vadhAre spaSTatA pUrNAMka jarA AgaLa varNavI che te vAMcI jue) eTale svabhAvika che ke amArA pustakathI je kAI paricita che, te jema bhArapUCka kahI zake che ke, azAka ane priyadarzina eka ja che eTaleke bhinna nathI; tema maNe paNa adyApi paryaMta mAnya rahelI sthitine ja saMmati darzAvI dIdhI dekhAya

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13 che. matalaba ke, trevIse vidvAnAnA abhiprAya A siMhastUpa vizenI kevaLa saMgrAhaka sthitidarzaka che. have jyAre A gujarAtI pustakanA anuvAda thaIne IMgrejImAM mahAra paDe che (prathama bhAga taiyAra paNa thai gayA che te vize AgaLa juo) tyAre umeda rahe che ke, aneka vidvAnonAM karakamaLamAM te pahoMcaze, te upara vivAda-carcAo mahAra paDaze ane pariNAme je zuddha haze teja tarI Avaze. AkI rUdradAmAvALI pustikAmAM jUnI praNAlikAe, ke kANu jANe kayA sAdhanAdvArA (kayAMya bahu AdhAra jevuM Apela na heAvAthI) samaya paratve temaNe kAma lIdhuM che, ke jAhera karela vigatAmAM, pAne pAne, pArIgrAphe pArigrAphe ane keTaleka ThekANe te vAkaye vAkayamAM paristhiti sudhArA mAMgI rahI che. kharI vAta che ke paradezI vidvAnA pAsethI prAraMbhamAM ApaNane ghaNuM ghaNuM zIkhavAnuM maLyuM che, paraMtu haMmezAM tenuM ja mArgadarzana svIkAravuM ane ApaNAmAM te parAlaMbana sivAya kAMI cheja nahIM, evI lAcAra sthiti sevyA karavI te kayA prakAranuM mAnasa kahevAya ? uparamAM kahevAmAM Avyu che ke praznonA uttara meLavavAmAM temaNe eka prakAranI sita je vAparI che tenuM varNana spaSTatA pUrvaka AgaLa ApyuM che. te atra have samajAvIzuM. temaNe paripatramAM zabdo lakhyA che te ApaNe jo ke jANatA nathI paraMtu, temanA patranA javAba, kalakattA myujhIama vALA preA, rAmacaMdramajIe tA. 24-7-37nA rAje ApyA che temAMthI kAMIka mAhitI maLI jAya che ja. temanA zabdo A pramANe cheH-- With reference to your letter of the 15th Inst, inquiring if the Mathura Lion Capital inscription contains any reference to Jaina affairs or names of Nahapana, Bhumak or Nanaka, I have to give you a reply in the negative= Ape je patra tA. 15 mInA lakhela che ane jemAM pUchavAmAM AvyuM che ke, mathurA siMhastUpamAM jainadharma paratve kAMi hakIkata che athavA te nahapANu, bhramaka ke nanakamAMthI koInAM nAma temAM Aveche;tA uttaramAM mAre nakAra ja bhaNavA rahe che. matalabake banne praznanA uttara temaNe nakAramAMja dIdhA che. A patralekhana pU. A. ma. zrI. e amArA pustakamAM darzAvelA vicAra paratve karela che. eTale peAte amArA nAme ema kahevAne mAMge che ke, kema jANe ame evuM kahyuM che ke, te mathurAstUpamAM jainane lagatI hakIkata darzAvI che tathA temAM nahupANu ane bhUmakanAM nAma lakhAyala che. (nanaka nAma kAMthI teoe utAryuM? te te! hajI A prathamavAra temanA ja taraphathI sAMbhaLavAmAM AvyuM che eTale te vize ame saiAna ja sevIzuM) te amArI teeAzrIne vinamrabhAve vinaMti che ke, ame kayAM AvuM vidhAna karyuM che te maherabAnI karIne tee jaNAvaze. bAkI ame jarUra eTaluM tA kahyuM che ja, ke kSaharATa nahapANu pote siMhastaMbhamAM darzAvela mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulaneA samakAlIna che. te mATe ja. e. bre, rA. e. se. navI AvRtti pu. 3 pR. 61nuM avataraNa paNa TAMkI batAvyuM che (jIe pu. 3 pR. 234 TI.

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naM. 13) ke " It is obvious that Nahapana was a contemporary of Rajuvala the Mahakshatrapa of Mathura dekhItuM che ke, mathurAne mahAkSatrapa rAvala ane nahapANa samakAlIna che." A uparAMta anya etihAsika hakIkata maLavAthI, te sarva paristhitine guMthIne ame anumAna tAravI kADhayuM che, jene cAre taraphathI samayanA AMkaDAvaDe samarthana maLavAthI satya ghaTanA tarIke jAhera karI che. paraMtu pite muddo na samajavAthI, je ame tyAM paNa na hoIe tevAM vidhAne amArA nAme karIne, vAcakane bhramamAM ja nAMkhavA dhAryuM hoya, tyAM deSa kene? agAu paNa aneka vakhata Aja pramANe temaNe pagalAM bharyA hatAM ane te vakhate paNa dukhita hRdaye amAre jAhera vartamAnapatramAM tenAM dRSTate ApIne tenuM satya batAvavuM paDayuM hatuM. uparamAM lekhita sAhityanI vAta karI; tevoja eka mikhika prasaMga varNavIza. ApaNuM gujarAtanA eka nAmAMkita vidvAnane ame bahAra pADela pustaka laIne khAsa maLavA jatAM nIce pramANe praznottarI thaI hatI. prathama amArAM pustake temanI pAse raju karyA. (1) praha zenAM pustaka che? u. "prAcIna bhAratavarSanAM temaNe vaLate javAba Apyo ke te vize meM sAMbhaLyuM che. (2) pa0 ? uTha haM, AgaLa calAve. (3) prave--Ape pustaka vAMcyAM che. u-nA. (4) pra.ApanI pAse A pustake mUkI jau chuM. avakAze jeI jaze; u0-vAMca vAne avakAza nathI tema jevAM paNa nathI. AvAM pustaka pragaTa paNa thavA na joIe. (5) Ape pustaka vAMcyA nathI, jemAM nathI te A abhiprAya zA uparathI bAMdho che? u-te vize bIjAo pAsethI khUba sAMbhaLyuM che eTale have jevAM ja nathI. A pramANe jyAM pUrvabaddha vicArenuM sAmrAjya pravartI rahyuM hoya tyAM bIjo upAya kyAM rahyo? vivekapUrvaka salAma karI chUTe paDayo. A pramANe pustaka mAMhelI hakIkatanI virUddhatAnI sthiti jyAM sudhI jANavAmAM AvI tyAM sudhI varNavI che. tyAre be sthAne vaLI judA ja svarUpe te nihALAI che. (eka) kAzIthI pragaTa thatI nAgarI pracAraNI sabhAnI pratrikA bhA. 16 aMka 1. vaizAkha 1981nA aMkamAM lagabhaga 65 pRSThone ujjainanA zrI. paM sUryanArAyaNa vyAse potAnA nAme "padagruta mahArAjA azoka athavA saMpatinA zilAlekha" vALo amAre AkhIya lekha utAryo che. patrakAre athavA lekhaka mahAzaye AvA prasaMge mULa lekhaka pratye je sojanyatraNa batAvavuM joIe te batAvyuM nathI. alabata kayAMka kyAMka (cAra-pAMca sthAne) amAruM nAma levAI gayuM che * temanI mAnyatA ema che ke (juo temanuM pustaka, mathurAne siMha ja pR. 19 paMkita 23) vAstavamAM siMhabrajanI pratiSThA vakhate nahapAnI hastI ja hatI nahIM, te so varSa pachI thayo che. koI vidvAna teno ullekha karato nathI. (te pachI ja. ba. eN. ra. e. se nA lakhANano artha zuM?) AvI to keTalIye ajJAna pUrNa TIkAo temaNe karI dIdhI che. paraMtu te ahIM asthAne kahevAya eTale jaNAvIzuM nahIM,

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paraMtu AvA kissAmAM je sthAne mULa lekhakanuM nAma dhAvuM rahe te pramANe te mUkAyuM nathI ja, A bAbatamAM patrakAra sAthe vyavahAra thatAM kAMIka saMtoSakAraka khulAso maLI gayA che. (bIjo) punA zaherathI pragaTa thatA "citramaya jagata 135 DIseMbaranA aMkamAM zrIyuta rasIkalAla dAdare samrATa caMdragupta ane paM. cANakaya saMbaMdhI dazeka kalamanuM lakhANa amArA "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" bIjA vibhAgamAMthI utAryuM che. temAM paNa ziSTAcAra sacavAyA nathI paraMtu uparanA lekhamAM chUTuM chavAyuM beeka vakhata nAma levAI gayuM che. A bAbata patrakArane vinaMtipatrathI pUchAvyuM paNa hatuM paraMtu temaNe te uttara vALavAnuM ke patra svIkAranuM paNa saujanya suddhAM dAkhavyuM nathI. khera, amAre te viSayane vAMdho nathI; kemake vidyAjJAna che te te pracAra mATe ja sAyaluM che eTale mULa hetu sate hoine amAre to te bane patro tathA bhAIone teTale darajaje upakAra ja mAna rahe che. ATaluM vivecana bahArathI Avela TIkA paratve thayuM. have ame amArA taraphanA vicAro paNa thoDAka jaNAvI daIe. pu. 3mAM jaMbudvIpanI sImA ame derI batAvI che. joke keTalIka hakIkata paratve amAruM kathana baMdhabesatuM Ave paNa che chatAM tene sarvathA satya mAnI na levA vinaMti paNa karela che eTale atyAre te vizeSa uhApoha mATe eka vikalpa raju karAya che ema tene samajavuM rahe che. bIjuM eka vakatavya mohanajADero saMbaMdhI karavuM rahe che. amarelIvALA zrIyuta pratAparAya mahetA A bAbatamAM khUba rasa laI rahyA che. vyavahAra prasaMge temanuM atre padhAravuM thatAM rUbarU maLavuM thayuM hatuM. temanI sAthenI carcAne sAra e AvyuM hatuM ke te sthaLanAM ke AsapAsamAMthI maLI AvatAM sarva avaze, mATI ane pattharanAM ja che; dhAtunuM eka paNa cinha maLI AvyuM nathI. eTale dhAtunA yugapUrvanI ja tenI saMskRti mAnavI rahe che sivAya ke atyAre pravartI rahelI mAnyatA je dhAtuyuganI pUrve mATI yuga hatuM te pheravAI javA pAme. temanA kathana upara vizeSa vicAra karatAM ema sUcanA karavI rahe che ke, mahAbhAratano samaya tyAre ka lekho ? je mahAbhAratane samaya prAcIna hoya, te mahAbhAratanA samaye uparanA niyama pramANe kaI dhAtunuM hathiyAra ja na hoI zake, paraMtu tema hovAnuM atyAre to manAtuM ja nathI. eTale to mohana bhADerene ja prAcIna kahevuM rahe ane ema je hoya te mahAbhAratamAM paNa mohana bhADere vize kaMIka prakArane IzAre te Ave joIe ja? tema paNa banyuM nathI, te have toDa zI rIte kADhI zakAya? eTale amArI taraphathI pharI pharIne jaNAvavAnuM ke, AkhuMye pustaka taddana navIna vigatethI tathA vidhAnathI bharapura che, temaja jyAM jyAM banyuM tyAM tyAM AdhAre TAMkI batAvyA che. banavA joga che ke amane pustaka prasiddhane mahAvare nahIM hovAne lIdhe vigate darzana paddhatisara nahIM thayuM hoya. bAkI itihAsanA AlekhanamAM je zuddha daSTithI kAma levuM joIe te (juo pu. 2 mukhapRSThane ka tathA pu. ranI prastAva pR0 13) yathAzakti najara rAkhIne ja raju karI che. mAthe AvI paDatA AkSepa paNa najara bahAra na javA detAM

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tenA yathAmati agAuthI khulAsA ApyA ja che. chatAM je kAMI devuM jaNAI Ave te mATe ame pitAne ja javAbadAra lekhIe chIe, te mATe vAcakavarganI kSamA yAcIe chIe. have A cethA bhAganI prastAvanA upara AvIe. (mA) prastAvanA AkhA pustakanA cAra bhAgane badale have pAMca bhAga karavA paDayA che tathA karavA dhArelA agIyAra khaMDamAMthI prathamanA cha khaMDanuM vRttAMta, pragaTa thayela traNa bhAgamAM apAI gayuM che. tyAM sudhInI sthiti sarvanI jANamAM che. eTale bAkI rahetA be bhAgamAM sAtathI agIyAra sudhInA pAMca khaMDanuM varNana karavuM rahyuM gaNAya. A pAMcamAMthIye sAtamA tathA AThamA khaMDanuM sthAna pheraphAra thayA vinA kAyama rAkhyuM che. paraMtu cedivaMzane navama, zatavahanavaMzane dazame ane kuzAna tathA caThANuvaMzanI hakIkatane lagatA agIAramo khaMDa, ema je krama TharAvyo hato temAM pheraphAra karIne varNano saMbaMdha ane samayane lagatI samajUtI barAbara saraLatAthI magajamAM utarI jAya te hetuthI, kuzAna-cappaNavaMzane navamA khaMDe ane cedivaMzane dazamA khaMDe goThavI, temane A cothA bhAgamAM samAveza karyo che; jyAre zatavahana vaMzane Akhoye agiyAramo khaMDa svataMtra rIte pAMcamA bhAgane mATe bakAta rAkhyo che. eTale A cothA bhAganA pUrvArdhanA varNanamAM keTaleka ThekANe caThaNa-kuzAna vaMza ke cedivaMzanI vigata jevAnA AdhAra batAvatAM pustaka pAMcamAmAM juo evuM lakhAI gayeluM dekhAI Ave che te sudhArI levA vinaMti che. khaMDa sAtame- AkhA gardabhIla vaMzanuM varNana apAyuM che. tenA traNa pariccheda pADayA che. kharI rIte gardabhIla vaMzanA beja pariccheda kahevAya, paraMtu vacce sAta varSa sudhI zaka prajAne avaMtI upara amala thavA pAmyuM hatuM eTale te prajAnA adhikAranuM varNana eka paricchedamAM ApI tene A gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAonA khaMDamAM ja sthAna ApavuM paDayuM che. traNe paricachedamAM atyAra sudhI bhAratIya itihAsanA pustakamAM na jaNayalI hakIkatone ja mukhya aMze nirdeza karAve che. eTale AkhIye vastu navIna ja lAge che. - khaMDa AThamo-samayanI kALagaNanA-eTale bhAratIya itihAsamAM keTalA saMvatsaro kayAre jaNAyA che, temanI utpatti, temane sthApaka keNa, sthApanAne samaya kayo tathA kayA kAraNathI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI te sarvanI savistara neMdha lIdhI che, temaja vidvAnonAM kathanonAM avataraNo TAMkI TAMkI, temAM raheluM rahasya, dAkhalA dalIla tathA ulaTA sulaTA prazno ubhA karIne, eka pachI eka muddA laI samajAvavA prayatna karyo che ane chevaTe pAkA nirNaya karI batAvyA che. temaja kSaharATa saMvata, mahAvIra saMvata, caThaNe saMvata AdinAM nAma je kadApI nahIM saMbhaLAyala, te saMvata paNa zilAlekho, sikkAo temaja sarakArI dastAvejo suddhAtamAM paNa vaparAyA che te daSTAMta sahita sAbita karI batAvyuM che. vikrama saMvata eka vakhata gatimAM AvyA bAda keTalAya vakhata tenuM pAchuM nAmanizAna jatuM rahyuM che ane vaLI amuka saMjogomAM purnajIvana pAme che tenuM varNana

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ApyuM che, je vaLI era navIna ja vRttAMta puruM pADe che. temaja "zaka saMvata" ne lagatA che prakAranA artha, temane Akheye ItihAsa, utpatti, sthiti tathA vikAsa taddana navIna peja sArAye ItihAsamAM dekhA de che. vaLI AzcaryamAM garakAva karI de tevI aneka vigate A khaMDanA bane paricchedamAM bharelI che. - khaMDa navamo-kuzanavaMzane lagate che. tenA cAra paricheda pADayA che, traNamAM khAsa kuzAna vaMzanuM ja varNana che. ane cothAmAM te vaMzanA kSatrape, eTale cakaThaNuvaMzI pazcima hiMdanA kSatraponuM khyAna karyuM che. AmAM cappaNa saMvata kema ane kyAre ubhe thaye, kSatrapa mahAkSatranA adhikAra kevA hoya che; caThaNane zaka kahevAya che te vyAjabI che ke kema? nahapANa ane caSThaNanI jAti, samaya tathA anya prakAre je bhinnatA che te badhuM bahu ja rasabharyuM vAMcana raju kare che tathA adyApi paryata cAlu AvelI mAnyatAne ghaNIye rIte uthalAvI nAMkhatI najare paDe che. kuzanavaMzI rAjAnA varNana mATe traNa pariccheda kavA paDayA che. prathama paricchede temanuM utpattisthAna, nAmAvalI ane vaMzAvaLInI carcA upADI te badhuM yathocita, spaSTAkAre goThavI dIdhuM che. temAM mukhya khUbI be traNa bAbata vize tarI AvatI dekhAze. atyAra sudhI eka kaniSka thayAnuM jaNAyuM che; jyAre e kaniSka thayAnuM puravAra thAya che. temaja rAjA havike je juka nAmathI oLakhAvI tene adhikAra hAtha lIdhe hevAnuM zIkhavAya che tene badale have rAjA vajhaSka nAmanI taddana navIna vyakti dAkhala karAi che ane tenuM nAma ja juSka hatuM jyAre haviSka te kaniSka bIjAnI sagIra avasthA daramyAna rIjeTa tarIkeja hate; ane kaniSka bIje gAdIe AvatAM, teNe potAnA kAkA haviSkane temanI jIdagI sudhI keTalAka vizeSa adhikAra ApI eka svataMtra rAjakartA tarIke pitAnA sAmrAjyanA amuka bhAga upara hakumatane bhogavaTe karavA dIdho hato. A prakAranI ghaNI ghaNI nUtana vigate zilAlekhe AdhAre zodhI kADhI sAbita karI ApI che. uparAMta ATha navIna prazno ubhA karIne sarvenuM vigatavAra varNana ApyuM che tathA aitihAsika banAvanI guMthaNI karI batAvI che. sauthI AzcaryabharyuM eka tattva te e che ke, je zaka saMvatane prAraMbhika samaya adyApi paryata I. sa. 78 ne manAya che tenI sAla kayAMka AghI ja nIkaLI paDe che. te AkhuMye prakaraNa navInaja svarUpa dhAraNa karatuM dekhAya che ane nizcitapaNe TharAvI Apela A navIna samaya pramANe, have pachI banI rahelI etihAsika ghaTanAo, jene samajavAmAM keTalIya muzkelIo, gUMcavaNe, zaMkAo ane anizcitatAo udabhavatI AvI che te sarvenuM samAdhAna kevI saraLatAthI AvI jAya che te daSTAMtapUrvaka batAvI apAyuM che. eTale te TharAvI Apela navIna samayane kaseTIe caDAvI tenI satyatA paNa puravAra karI ApI che. dazame khaMDa-cedivaMzane che. teNe pAMca pariccheda rokyA che. prathama paricheke pustaka pahelAmAM jyAMthI cedivaMzane ItihAsa cheDI dIdhuM che tyAMthI mAMDIne, hAthIguMphAmAM nirdiSTa rAjA kSemarAja gAdIpati thaye tyAM sudhInuM anusaMdhAna jeDI batAvyuM

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che. te bAda tenA tathA tenA putra vRddhirAjanA rAja amalano saMpUrNa vRttAMta Ape che. bIjA paricachedamAM ItihAsakAroe hAthIguphAmAM darzAvela magadhapati puSyamitra-bahaspatimitrane je puSyamitra TharAvyuM che ane tema karI puSyamitrane khAravelane samakAlIna TharAvI AkhA ItihAsanuM caNatara ghaDI kADhayuM che, te sarva hakIkatanI pokaLatA lagabhaga vIsa jeTalI saMkhyAmAM Negative, Positive and Affirmative-nakArAtmaka, hakArAtmaka ane pUraka purAvAo ApIne siddha karI ApI che. eTale ke khAravelane samaya puSyamitra zuMgavaMzInA samasamI tarIke I. sa. pU. 180nI AsapAsane je manAya che tene badale tenI paNa pUrve Azare aDhIsadIne hovAne tathA lekhamAM vaparAyela 103no AMka nathI maryasaMvatane ke nathI naMdasaMvatane, te paNa sAbita karI ApyuM che. hAthIguphAnA lekhanI sattare paMktionA anuvAdamAM rahelI barAbara traNa Dajhana jeTalI gerasamajUtione ukela karI, tenI satyatAnI khAtrI mATe teja lekhamAM varNavelI aitihAsika ghaTanAne kevI rIte sumeLa saMdhAto dekhAya che te batAvI ApyuM che, temaja rAjA khAravelanA dharma saMbaMdhI je vigate darzAvAI che tenuM vivecana karI keTalIye hakIkata upara navIna prakAza pADaze che. eTale te lekha rAjakIya daSTie ghaDAyo hovAnI je mAnyatA che tenA karatAM dhAmika dRSTie kotarAvAyo hovAnuM spaSTa karI ApyuM che. A uparathI zilAlekhanI lipinA ukelamAM keTale daraje bhUla thaI jAya che te have spaSTa samajAtuM jAya che, temaja bhUtakALanA vidvAne bhUla khAya ja nahIM, teo je vade che athavA vadayA che te sarvadA jaDabesalAka ja rahevuM joIe; I. I. prakAranuM mAnasa have palaTe mAMge che. temaja zilAlekha ane sikkAnA purAvA upara ja kevaLa AdhAra na rAkhatAM tene gaNitazAstranI ritIe paNa cakAsI jevA joIe ane te pachI ja tene nizcayapUrvaka svIkArI levuM rahe che. cothA paricchede lekhamAM vaparAyela be traNa zabda vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa mAMgatA hovAthI tenuM vivecana karyuM che. te zabdomAM eka, pustakoddhAra tathA duSkALane lagate, bIje mahAvijaya prAsAdane lagate ane trIje kaliMgajInI mUrtine lagate che; prasaMgopAta A sthAnamAM AvI rahelI jagannAthapurInA vizvamaMdira tathA temAM rahelI zrIkRSNa, subhadrA ane baLarAmajInI trimUtionuM varNana ApI te saMbaMdhInI pracalita mAnyatAmAM parivartana karavI paDe tevI hakIkata dAkhalA dalIle pUrvaka samajAvAI che; tathA mUti ane mUrtipUjA, hiMdu ane jaina, eka ke bhinna te prazna caryA che. paMcama paricachede trikaliMganuM svarUpa samajAvI temAM kayA kayA deza gaNAtA tene rasapUrvaka ItihAsa upajAvI kADhe che. tathA hiMdI AkapelegomAM paNa kevI rIte hiMdI saMskRtinuM saraNa thavA pAmyuM hatuM te sAbita karI batAvyuM che, chevaTe khAravelanuM sAmAjIka jIvana cItarI batAvI samrATa priyadarzinanA jIvananI sAthe tulanAtmaka varNana karyuM che ane tenA maraNa bAda je be rAjAo thayA che tenA rAjaye banelA banAvonuM vRttAMta ApI cedivaMzanI samApti karI batAvI che. A pramANe dazamAkhaMDanA pAMca paricachede paNa AgaLanA khaMDonI peThe ghaNI

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kAnI sattA jAmI paDI hatI te paNa khyAla ApI dIdhA che; jethI te samarce khanI rahelA sarva manAvAnI vihaMgaSTie turata samaja AvI jAya. cAra khaMDamAMnA varNavAyalA vazeAnI nAmAvalI cAlu rIta pramANe, pustaka purU thatAM ekatra karIne utArI che. jyAre temanA samakAlInapaNe kayA vaMzanA kayA bhUpati hetA te jovA mATenA vaMzavRkSanA kAThAo pu. 3mAM apAyA che. eTale tyAMthI najara pheravI levA vinaMti che. A pramANe pustakanI samApti thAya che. pustakanA lekhanamAM tathA citro raju karavAmAM je je graMthakartA, lekhake athavA anya vastuonA mAlikA vagerenI madadanA upayeAga karavA paDacA che te sarvenA upakAra mAnavA rajA laIe chIe. vikramArka 1994 aSADha zukala navamI vAya } vidyopAsaka tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha

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(6) prakAzakonuM nivedana A vakhate paNa A bhAganuM prakAzana dhAryA pramANe samayAnusAra karI zakAyuM nathI eTale darajaje kSamA to jarUra mAMgavI ja rahe che, paraMtu vAcakagaNa jANIne khuzI thaze ke temAM amAro pramAda kAraNabhUta nathI. kemake AgaLa jaNAvyA pramANe have IMgrejI AvRti bahAra pADavAnuM hAtha dharAyuM che ane tene prathama bhAga pragaTa paNa thaI cUkayo che. gujarAtI vibhAge pustakanA pAMca bhAga thayA che, paraMtu IMgrejI vibhAge vatu tene teja mukhyatve hovA chatAM, keTalAka jarUrI pheraphAro karavAthI cAra bhAga thayA che eTale have tenA traNa bhAga pragaTa karavA rahe che. A uparAMta "suvAsa" nAmanuM sarva sAmAnya mAsika kADhIne sAhityanI sevAmAM ame jhaMpalAvyuM che. tenA traNa aMka bahAra paNa paDI cUkayA che. A be kAraNane laIne gujarAtI pustakane traNeka mahinA asura thaI che. vAcakavargane prArthanA karIe chIe ke temanA taraphathI sarva zakaya sahakAra, sahAnubhUti ane sahAya amArA sAhasamAM temanA taraphathI maLatI raheze. AkhAce pustakanA have pAMca bhAga thayA che eTale bhale amane kharcane bojo vadhe che chatAM je je grAhakee potAnAM nAmo neMdhAvI amArA sAhasanI kadara karI che temane te cAra bhAganI je kiMmata rAkhI hatI tene teja kiMmate eTale rUA. 20) vIsamAM ApavAnA chIe, je pheraphAra karyo che te eTale ja ke AgaLamAM jAhera karI gayA pramANe vadhArAnA bhAganI baMdhAI ane paracuraNa kharca maLI nAmano eka rUpIo levAnuM TharAvyuM che. eTale ke pAMce bhAga temane rUA. 21) ekavIsamAM maLe che ema gaNavuM. jyAre havethI navA thanAra grAhaka mATe paNa ADuM avaLuM kaI dhAraNa na rAkhatAM eka ja rIta TharAvI che ke temane A seTa rUA. 22aa sADIbAvIse Apa; matalaba ke jema cAra bhAga hatA tyAre chuTaka kiMmata rUA. 25) hatI ane Akho seTa lenArane te upara 20% kamIzananA kApI ApI rUA. 20) letA hatA tema have pAMca bhAganI chUTaka kiMmata rUA. 30) che ane uparanA hisAbe 20% kApI ApatAM rUA. 24) thAya tene badale rarA mAM Akho seTa ApavAnuM TharAvyuM che. alabata eTalI sarata sAthe ke, teoe pAMcame bhAga pragaTa thAya tyAM sudhImAM nAma nedhAvI levuM joIe; tyArabAda dhoraNa pramANe rUA. 2) cAvIsa gaNavA raheze. A sivAya vizeSa kAMI kahevA paNuM nathI. aMtamAM je je pustakane, sAdhanane, -vyaktigata ke saMsthAonI mAlikInA-kiMcita yA moTA pramANamAM A prakAzana para upayoga karAya che te sarvene aMtaHkaraNa pUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe, eja vinaMti. vaDodarA : rAvapurA sevake 194 azADa suda 9 zazikAnsa enDa ku. nA nehavAna

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citra paricaya nIcenA varNanamAM prathamane AMka citranI saMkhyA sUcaka che, bIjo AMka te citrane lagate adhikAra kayA pAne A pustakamAM utAryo che te batAvavA pUrato che; sarva citrone saMkhyAnA anukama pramANe goThavyAM che. tethI kayuM citra kyA pAne che te sahelAIthI zedhI kaDhAya tema che. keI citra tenI koI viziSTatAne aMge ADuM avaLuM mUkavuM paDayuM hoya ke eka karatAM vizeSavAra raju karavuM paDayuM hoya te - te hakIkata tene paricaya ApatAM jaNAvyuM che. AgaLanI peThe A pustakamAM paNa citrone traNa vargamAM goThavavAmAM AvyAM che. (1) sAmAnya citro (2) paricchedanAM mathALAMnAM zubhacitro (3) ane - rAjya vistAra batAvatA tathA anya padezika nakazAo. prathama ApaNe sAmAnya citronuM varNana karIzuM. (ga) sAmAnya citra AkRti - varNana naMbara pRSTha kavara kalpavRkSa athavA kaTapadrumanuM citra che; tenI hakIkata pu. 2 pR. 28 mAM saMpUrNa jaNAvI che te tyAMthI joI levA vinaMti che. 372 hisTarI opha InDIyana enDa IraTarna ArkaTekacara; mi. jemsa 372 pharagyusana kRta pu. 1 pR. 223 ane pR. 49 mAMthI anukrame lIdhAM che. ane nice teo sAhebe "From a bas-relief at Amravati=amarAvatInA kotarakAma uparathI" evI noMdha karI che. matalaba ke A banne citro amarAvatI TepanAM aMze che. temanuM varNana cheka chelle hovA chatAM mukhapRSTha levAnuM kAraNa e che ke maMgalAcaraNamAM khAsa viziSTatAsUcaka ane pUjanIya vastu hoya te raju karavAnuM durasta gaNAya che. A baMne vastu te bane muddA pUrA pADe che. amArI mAnyatA pramANenuM tenA khAsa adhikAra mATe varNana pR. 372 thI jevA vinaMti che. jyAre pharagyusana sAhebanuM asala pustaka ke jemAMthI ame A citro lIdhAM che temaNe bIjuM vizeSa varNana che ke ApyuM nathI paraMtu citradarzananA sthAna uparathI temane hetu baddhadharmanAM pirANika mArake raju karavAne ja mAtra heya ema samajAya che,

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AkRti varNana nakhara pRSTha 4 1 5 OM 7 re **. . . 15 28 31 59 23 paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. vizeSa mATe sAtamA khaMDa prathama zeAlanacitrAnA adhikAranuM varNana jue. sAtamAkhaMDe dvitIya paricchedanuM zAlacitra che. adhikAra vadhu na AThamA khaMDanA prathama pariccheda-tenuM zezabhanacitra che. samattuti mATe tenA adhikAra-vaNa ne jue. 89 AThamA khaMDanA dvitIya paricchedanuM zAbhanacitra che; adhikAravaSNuna te ThekANe apAcu che. A pustakanI vanamaryAdAmAM nava savatsaro vaparAyAnuM amArI najare paDayuM che. temAMnA cha saMvatsaronA pravartakAnA athavA teA jenAM smaraNamAM pravatavAnuM manAyuM che temanA je caherA amane lakSya-prApta thayA che te atra raju karyAM che. naM. 10 11, 12 anukrame buddhadeva, mahAvIra ane isubhagavAnanA mukhAraviMdA che jemanA prAtaH smaraNIya saMvatA te te dharmAMnA pravartaka uparathI anukrame aiAddha, mahAvIra ane IsavInA nAmathI ApaNane sarva rIte jANItA thaI gayA che. eTale vizeSa kAMI na lakhatAM mAtra ATaleAja ullekha karavAnI jarUriyAta dekhAya che. mAkI rahela traNa, rAjakaratI sattAnA maheArAMcitrA che. temanAM nAmA-nahapANa, kaniSka pahelA ane cakhkhaNu che. pR. 106 mAM kSaharATasaMvatanA vataka tarIke nahupANunA pitA bhUmakanuM nAma lakhyuM che paraMtu kharI rIte te kSaharATanA savatanA pravartaka teA nahapANaja che. kemake bhUmake nathI kAtarAjyeA kAi zilAlekha, ke nathI paDALye kAI sikko; alakhata eTaluM kharUM che ke tenA rAjyakALe ke jIvaMta avasthAmAM tenA putre zilAlekhAmAM te saMvatanA upayAga karyAM che ja. eTale upacega karanAra bhale nahapANu hatA paraMtu upayeAga bhUmakanI haiyAtImAMja temaja tenA rAjyakALanI AdinA samayanI gaNatrIthIja karavAmAM Avye che; tethI sthApaka tarIke bhramakanuM nAma ame ApyuM che. paraMtu tenI jAtinA aneka rAjakartAoe ( mathurApati rAjIvula, sADAye, takSilApati lIka ane pAtike ) tene upayAgamAM lIdheA hovAthI bhUmakanuM nAma te sa Mvatane na ApatAM, te sarvanI jJAti uparathI harATa saMvata nAma ApyuM che. 106 thI AgaLa mATe ze|bhAnacitramAM jue. bhilsA pradezanA nakaze che, vizeSa adhikAra mATe nakazAnA varNanamAM jue. sAtamA khaMDanA trIjA paricchedanA zIreAbhAganuM zAlanacitra che. vizeSa adhikAra mATe pariccheda citra juo.

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kaniSka pahelAe je zaka pravartAvyo che tenuM nAma ane kaniSka saMvata na lakhatAM kuzAna saMvata pasaMda karyuM che. niyama pramANe te pravartakanuM nAmaja jeDavuM joItuM hatuM. vaLI teNe paNa pitAnA rAjyAraMbhathIja tenI Adi gaNI che. eTale A be kAraNane lIdhe kaniSka saMvatanA nAmathI te saMvatane oLakhAva, te vadhAre sakAraNa kahevAtAparaMtu ame kaniSkane badale je kuzAna zabdane pasaMdagI ApI che te ItihAsanuM Alekhana saraLa banAvavA puratA AzayathIja che. kemake sarva ItihAsakArone kaniSka karatAM kuzAna zabda vizeSa paricita che; vaLI kaniSka zabda joDavAthI, tene kuzAnavaMzI hiMdI sattAne Adya praNetA kadAca lekhI javAmAM Avata. jyAre kharI rIte hiMdamAM sattAdhAraka rAjakartA tarIke te te kaniSkano pitA, jene vemakaDaphasIjha bIjA tarIke oLakhAvAya che teja hato. temaja pitAnA nAmanA ulekhamAM putrane samAveza paNa saheje thaI jAya che ja; vaLI kuzAna zabda temanI samasta jAtisUcaka che te paNa samajI levAya che tema temanI rAjakIya adhikAranI mahattA paNa jaLavAI rahetI samajAya che. AvA trividha hetuthI ame kaniSka saMvata ne badale "kuzAna saMvata" nAma ApyuM che. A chelluM maheNuM caThaNanuM che. ANe sthApela saMvatanuM nAma cakaThaNa saMvataja ame pasaMda karyuM che. teNe je ke saMvatane gatimAM mUke che, paraMtu tene prAraMbha kaniSka pahelAe jema potAnA rAjyanI zarUAtathI go che tema na karatAM, potAnA pitA dametike sattA adhikAra dhAraNa karyo-bhale kSatrapa tarIke, eka tAbedAra jevI sthitimAM hato chatAM pitAnuM bahumAna jALavavA teNe rAjasUtra dhAraNa karyuM tyArathI karyo che eTale, "kuzAna saMvata" upara je dhoraNe ApaNuM pasaMdagI utArI che te niyame caThaNanI jAtinuM nAmaja tenA saMvata sAthe joDavuM gya lAgata athavA chevaTe, teNe jema potAnA pitAnA nAmane AgaLa ANI batAvavA prayatna karyo che tema ApaNe paNa tenuM anukaraNa karI " daSametika saMvata'nuM nAma rAkhI zakata. paraMtu te banne saMjogo paDatA mUkavA paDayA che. kemake je jAti viSayaka nAma joDayuM hota te, caSThaNa pote kuzAna jAtine ja nabIre hato eTale kaniSkane vaMza ane caThaNane vaMza ema je be bhAta paDI jAya che te dekhAvamAM na Avata; bIjuM rAjakIya mahattA te bannenI jUdI che te na samajAta (juo A pustake pR. 205 mAM sarakhAmaNI); uparAMta sauthI prabaLa kAraNa te e che (ke, saMvata pravartaka tarIke sArvabhauma sattAnA bhogavaTA jevuM prakhara

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AkRti varNana 25 nabaMra pRSTha parAkrama ane sattA dhArakatA joIe te kSatrapa daSamotikamAM hatI ja nahIM. eTale A kissAmAM paNa AvAM trividha kAraNathI "caSThaNa saMvata" nAma ApavAnuM amane vyAjabI lAgyuM che. uparanAM cha citromAMnA chellAM traNa, ame te te saMvatanA pravartakenA mAlUma paDelA sikkA uparathI ubhAM kyAM che. vaLI nIce AkRtti naM 29 31 mAM juo; jyAre prathamanA traNa dharma pravartake haI temanI pratimA uparathI nIpajAvI kADhayAM che. 16 117 navama khaMDanA prathama paricachedanuM mathALAcitra che. hakIkata mATe zebhana citramAM juo. hRNa saradAra, kaniSka pahela kuzAna, kSaharATa nahapANa ane caSThaNe A ( 12 pramANe anukrama vAra temanAM citro che. pAse pAse raju karavAnuM kAraNa { thI e che ke, sarva ItihAsakAre temane zaka che tevI ja bhaLatI jAtinA 124 nAma ApIne varNana kaye gayA chejyAre kharI rIte te judI judI jAtinA ja che. teonA caherA paNa kaI kaIne maLatA nathI. A pramANe ughADA pheraphAra temanA caherA mAtrathI paNa jaNAI Ave tema che. matalaba ke temanI bhinnatA puravAra karavAnA hetuthI A pramANe karavAmAM AvyuM che. * hRNu prajAne kaI cahere amane maLela na hovAthI, te prajAnI khAsIyata che (juo pu. 3. pR. 390 TI. 21 tathA A pustake pR. 123 nuM varNana) jANavAmAM AvI che te uparathI eka niSNAta kaLAkAra pAse cItarAvIne utAryo che. jyAre bAkInA traNa temanA sikkA uparathI ubhA karyA che. (sikkAcitranAM varNana mATe rU. 2 mAM temanA sikkA juo) naM. 19 ane 20nI arasaparasanI sarakhAmaNInA varNana mATe pR. 198 thI 202 jue. 21 137) kaDaphasIjha pahelAnuM sikrAcitra, kaDaphasIjha bIjAnI mUti, tathA tenuM 22 140 sikakA civa; ema traNa anukamavAra dekhAze. kuzAnavaMzI rAjAonuM 23 146 varNana AlekhatA hevAthI temanAM citro bane teTalAM meLavIne batA vavAne hetu che. kaphasIjha bIjAnI mUrti maLI AvI che kharI, paraMtu mAtra te dhaDarUpe ja hovAthI, caherAne dekhAva ke anya khUbIo temAMthI nIkaLI zakatI nathI. mAtra temane paheraveza ke have tathA rAjA tarIke zuM rAjacinha dhAraNa karAtAM hatAM tene khyAla meLavI zakAya che. eTale caherA jevI vastunuM jJAna levA mATe temanA sikakA-citrothI ja

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AkRti varNana 24 147 saMtoSa leve rahe che. sikkAnA varNana mATe pu. 2 mAM sikkAcitra naM. 87, 88, juo. navamA maMDe dvitIya paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. te mATe te viSaye juo. 25 167) anukrame haviSka, kaniSka bIja ane vAsudeva pahele te traNenA sikkA 26 173 citro che. pratyekanA varNana mATe pu. 2 mAM temanA sikakA varNana juo. 27 177) teo rAjakartA thayela hovAthI temanA caherA raju karavAne ja mAtra hetu che, uparAMta vizeSa varNana temanA jIvanacaritre joI levuM. vAsudeve pitAne kuLadharma palaTaye hatuM te tenA sikakAciva (avaLI bAjunuM juo) thI spaSTa tarI Ave che. 28 182 navamAkhaMDe tRtIya parichedanuM mathALAcitra che. tenI hakIkatamAM juo. 29 197) na. 29 kaniSka bIjAnI mUti-kevaLa dhaDaja cheH caSThaNanuM sikkA 30 198 citra naM. 30 mAM che jyAre naM. 31 caThaNanuM dhaDa che. kaniSkanI sAthe ubhI 31 198) rAkhela caSThaNanI mUti je mATa gAmethI maLI AvI hatI te atre raju karI che. bannene cahere raju karI hatI, paraMtu bannenI mUtinAM kevaLa dhaDa ja maLI AvyAM che, eTale AkRti naM. 22 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe poSAkane tathA rAjadvArI cihno dhAraNa karavAnI paddhatine ja citAra maLI zake che. khUbI e levAnI che ke A prajAne lagatI rAjAomAMnI jeTalI mUtio prApta thaI che te sarve (vema-kaDaphasIjha AkRti naM 22. kaniSka bIje AkRti naM. 29; adyApi paryata evuM jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI-kahe ke nizcita paNe sAbita karAyuM nathI-ke be kaniSka thayA che eTale vidvAnee Ane sAmAnya rIte kaniSkanI mUti tarIke ja oLakhAvI che. jyAre have ApaNe puravAra karI batAvyuM che ke kaniSka nAmanA be rAjAo thayA che. temAMye A mUrti kaniSka bIjAnI ja hevA saMbhava che tethI ApaNe tenI sAthe te vizeSaNa joDayuM che) tathA cappaNu AkRti naM. 31; ema traNa ja mUti sAMpaDI che. ane te traNe uparathI mAthAM uDI gayAM hoya evI sthitimAM ja maLI Avela che. eTale jema ApaNe pu. 1nA mukhacitra, sarasvatI devInA dhaDa upara te te samayanI anya devInA mukhacitra uparathI eka cahere cItarI kaDhAvI tenA upara besate karI, akhaMDa citra banAvI kADhayuM che tema A rAjA vema ane kaniSka bIjAnA sikkAcitra uparathI temanA caherA

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AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha 32 200 33 227 34 252 35 275 36 275 27 koI sArA kaLAkAra pAse citarAvI te dhaDa upara geAThavI daI ranuM karavAnA hatA paraMtu te vastu lakSya na hAvAthI temanI saMpUrNa caherA sAthenI mUrtie upAvI kaDhAya tema nathI; jethI atyAre te AvAM dhaDathI ja saMteSa dharavA rahe che. grahaNanA pAtra rUdradAmananuM sikkAcitra che. tenuM varNana atyAra sudhI bahAra paDI gayela traNamAMthI ekake pustakamAM karavAmAM AvyuM nathI. kemake atyAra sudhI caNunA vaMzanA kAi sattAdhIzanA rAjyAdhikAra ALekhavA ja dhAryA nahAtA; je geAThavaNa karI rAkhI hatI te eTalA ja puratI ke caNu saMvatane samaya nakkIpaNe prathama sASita karI batAvavA ane pachI tenA samarthanamAM aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAAnA meLa jAmI jatA siddha karI ApavA (jue pR. 220 thI 223 sudhI varNavAyalA ATha muddAo); have eka pagaluM AgaLa bharavA vicAra thai AvavAthI temanAM jIvanacaritra dAkhala karavAmAM AvyAM che. paraMtu navI AvRtti karavAne samaya Avaze te temAM sikkA citranA varNanane rItasara sthAna ApavAmAM Avaze. bAkI atyAre te sikkAcitra najare joine ja tathA te sarva rIte caNunA sikkAne maLatuM Ave che eTaluM jANIne ja, aTakI javuM rahe che, uparamAM navakhaMDa sudhI lagatAM citrone samAveza thai jAya che. have dazamAkhaMDanA prAraMbha thAya che. temAM hAthINuMpha ane rAjA khAravelanuM vana Ave che. jema temAMnI aneka gerasamajUti dUra karavAne vistAra pUrvaka vivecana karavAnI jarUra paDI che tema te kathanane sAkhita karanArAM aneka prakAranAM prAcIna zilpa-dasye paNa rajI karavAnI AvazyakatA dekhAya che ja. eTale temAM keTalAMka A rAjA khAravelanA cedi vaMzanA samaya sivAyanAM citro paNa dekhAze eTaluM jaNAvI daI e. dazama khaDe prathama paricchedya dazama khaMDe dvitIya pariccheda dazama khaMDe tRtIya pariccheda A traNe mathALAcitranAM vaNuna mATe paricchedya citranI hakIkata juo. hAthINuMkAnuM citra che. je vastune lIdhe A guphAnuM nAma paDI gayuM che ane jene guphAnA pravezadvAre ja khaDakamAMthI kAtarI kADhI ubhe karI batAvavAmAM AvyeA che te hAthI paNa sAph dekhADavAmAM Avye che. temAM kaLAnI dRSTie khAsa kAMi noMdhavA jevuM nathI paraMtu te jamAnAmAM pazu AvaDA meATA kadanAM prANI, AvI mAdrI gajAvara khaDakAmAMthI

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AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha jarApaNa kheDakhApaNa vinA suDoLa kerI kADhanAra kArIgare paNa astitva dharAvatA hatA eTaluM te A uparathI turata samajI zakAya che ja. A hAthI kaNe ketarAvyA che tathA tyAM ubhuM karavAne hetu zuM che te mATe pu. 2, pR. 363-4 mAM dhalI-jAguDAnA lekhanuM varNana juo. vaLI guphAnI aMdaranA lekha mATe A pustake rAjA khAravelanA vRttAte hakIkata lakhAI gaI che. A hAthI samrATa priyadarzinanA ghelI zilAlekhanA mathALe ubhe karAyela che. 37 316 mahAvijaya prAsAda, amarAvatI stupa. Ane lagatuM saMpUrNa varNana A pustake apAyuM che. atre te mAtra eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM rahe che ke A amarAvatI stupa vALe Akhoya dhanakaTaka pradeza IsavIsananI pUrve be traNa sadI sudhI jaina dharmanuyAyIothI bharacaka vasIyalo hato eTale je je purAtattvanAM avaze te samayanAM tyAMthI maLI Ave che, te sarve baddhadharmanAM nahIM paNa jainadharmanAM ja saMbhavI zake che. 38 369o anakame pArzvanAtha ane caumukhanI pratimAo che. A banne mUrtio 39 jainanI che. naM 37 vALA dhanakaTaka pradezamAMthI ja te paNa khodI kADhavAmAM AvI che. vaLI naM. 37 nA je eka stUpa i. sa. 1929mAM tyAMthI maLI AvyuM che ema madrAsa gavarameMTa komyunIka tA-30-12-29 thI jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. AthI ApaNA dorelAM anumAnane vizeSa puSTi maLe che. Ane lagatuM keTaluMka varNana pu.1,pR. 153 mAM AkRti naM. 20, 21nA zIrSakamAM apAyeluM che. 40 369 caraNa pAdukA | mukhya pRSTha uparanAM A be citra che temanuM aiti-. ane caraNapUjA ! hAsika rahasya A sthAne AvatuM hovAthI atre pharIne raju karavAmAM AvyAM che. saMpUrNa vigatane nirdiSTa pRSTha upara , lakhela che eTale vizeSa lakhavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. 4ra 323 jagannAthapurImAM vizvamaMdira tarIke (juo nIcenI AkRti naM. 45) je oLakhAI rahyuM che temAM padharAvelI trimUrtinI chabI che. maMdiranI bAMdhaNI tathA bAhya racanA nIcenI AkRti naM. 44mAM darzAvela bhuvanezvaranA maMdirane maLatAM Ave che jyAre bhUti che te bhisApavALA pradezamAMthI maLI Avela trimUrti (juo kaniMgahAma kRta dhI bhilyATepsa pustake pleITa naM. 22nuM citra)nI Abehuba pratikRti rUpa che. tene sarva adhikAra vistArathI A pustakamAM varNavAyA che te tyAMthI vAMcI le. atre te sArarUpa jaNAvavAnuM ke te maMdira vartamAnakALe

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AkRti varNana nakhara pRSTha 43 327 44 45 46 325 329 334 47 37pa 29 vaidika dharmAMnuM manAya che paraMtu tenA prAcIna itihAsamAM utaratAM te anyathA mAlUma paDe che. triratna tarIke je oLakhAvAya che te cinhA rajI karyA che. tenA artha vidvAnoe mAdhamanAM pratIkasamA The Buddha, the Law and the Order buddhadeva, cakra ane saMgha; ema karyA che. paraMtu temane kAtarAvanAra anya matAnuyAyI hAvAthI te pramANe tenA atha karavA vAstivika lekhAze nahIM. bhuvanezvara gAmamAM AveluM bhuvanezvara tarIke oLakhAtuM maMdira che. bAhya dekhAvamAM uparanA na. 41mAM raju karelA trimUrti vALA jagannanAtha purImAMnA vizvamadirane (AkRti na. 45 jIe) maLatuM Ave che; A sthAna pAse ja rAjA khAravelanA lekhavALI hAthIguphA Avela che. naM. 41vALI trimUrti je maMdiramAM padharAvavAmAM AvI che ane jyAM dareka varSe, TharAvela amuka divase, bharAtA meLAmAM sArAye bhAratavarSamAMthI yAtrikA darzanArthe Ave che te vizvamaMdiranuM citra che. tene traNa maMDapa che, tathA pravezadvAre siMha gAThavyA che; jenA cAgAnamAM yAtrikA bhegA maLe che tathA mahA prasAda vahecavAmAM Ave che; jene yAtrikA vinAsaMkoce nAta jAtanA bheda sivAya AnapUrvaka AAgIne peAtAne pavitra thayelA--jIvatarane dhanya thayeluMmAne che. A ceAgAnamAM eka arUNastaMbha ubhe karelA najare paDe che. A maMdiranI racanA, trimUrtine itihAsa, tathA staMbha ubhA karavAnI prathA tathA tene lagatI anya mAhitI vize khUba vistArapUrvaka varNana A pustake apAI gayuM che te vAMcI javuM ( staMbha mATe vizeSa adhikAra nIcenI A. naM. 46 jIA ). arUNastaMbha : AkRti na. 45nA prAMgaNamAM je staMbha ubhA karAcala najare paDe che te arUNastaMbhanA nAme oLakhAya che. tenA jevA staMbhe, dakSiNa hiMdamAM Avela mastI nAme oLakhAtAM jainamadirAnA ceAkamAM paNa I. sa.nI pAMcamI sadI AsapAsanA samayathI ubhA karAtA AvyA che. tene mAnastaMbha kahetA. temAMnA eka (jIe AkRti na. 47) atre sarakhAmaNI karavA hIsTarI opha inDIana enDa IsTana ArkITekacaramAMthI utAryA che. mAnastaMbha : AkRti naM. 46nI sAthe vigatavAra sarakhAmaNI karI zakAya te mATe atra darzAvyA che. naM. 46 tathA na 47nA DhekhAtA pheraphAranuM varNana rR, 334mAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che.

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AkRti varNana 30. naMbe pRSTha - 314 dazamA khaMDe caturtha paricchedanuM mathALA civa che. zobhana citra juo. 49 344 dazamA khaDe paMcama paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. zobhana citre jue. 50 345. - trikaliMga dezane nakazo Apyo che. rAjA khAravelanA rAjyA dhikAra eTale pradeza hato ane jene trikaliMganA nAme vidvAnoe oLakhAve che tene kAMIka khyAla ApavA mATe khAsa banAvyA che. vAstavikamAM te rAjA khAravelane trikaliMga A nakazAmAM darzAvela kRSNA nadInA taTa pAsethI na aTakatAM, vartamAnanA TheTha dakSiNe Avela madurA zahera ke bake tethI paNa dUra dakSiNa sudhI laMbAyela hato. ( juo AgaLa uparanI AkRti naM. 63) 51 362 rAja khAlanA jIvanacaritranI aneka kSetrIya sarakhAmaNI priya dazinanA taddezIya sthiti sAthe karela hovAthI, bannenAM maherAM raju karavA IcchA hatI. paraMtu temAMnA ekanuM ja mahesuM maLI AvatuM hovAthI te ja mAtra raju karIne kRSkRtya banyAne sateSa dhara rahe che. para 369 ] saMkisApIlara : tirahuTapIlaraH nahapANapIlara ane gautamIputra 53 pIlara; ema cAra staMbhe anukramavAra darzAvyA che. temanuM varNana chevaTanA 54 thA (bhAge joDela pariziSTamAM vistRtapaNe ApavAmAM AvyuM che. te tyAMthI 55 AgaLa joI levA vinaMti che. 56 thI 63 ATha nakazAo navA banAvIne joDayA che. tenA adhikAra mATe nakazA citranI samajUti vALI hakIkata juo. thI 6 28 (mA) nakazA vizenI samajUti bhisAne stupa pradeza batAvyuM che. AnuM keTaluMka varNana pu. 1 mAM pR. 188 upara apAI gayuM che. (juo pu. 1, prastAvanA pR. 46 upara nakaze; AMka 4nuM varNana). atra vizeSamAM eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM ke te sthAnamAM jaina dharmanA aMtima tIrthakara zrI mahAvIranA jIvanane sparzatI aneka ghaTanAo banI gaI che tethI te sthAnane jainadharmIo mATe eka tIrthadhAma che ema kahIe te paNa cAle. rAjA gaMdharvasena gardabhale sarasvatI sAdhvIne herAna karavAthI AcArya kAlikasUrie pArasakuLa (paziAmAM) jaI zaka prajAne teDI lAvI tene zikSA karavA mana upara lIdhuM hatuM. te zaka prajAe siMdha ane rASTramAM thANu nAkhI tene kabaje karI lIdhA hatA. comAsu pUruM thaye avaMti che. pa6 14

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AkRti thaNana nakhara pu 57 58 40 53 kA hatA. rAjA gardabhIla kayAMya nAsI gayA hatA. aMtima zakapatie, gaDha bhIla madada karanAra ariSTaka zAtakInI pAchaLa paDatAM, nIjhAmI rAjyanA phAika jaMgalamAM prANa gumAvyA che. AthI karIne uttarahiMdamAM incApArthIana zahenazAha ajhIjha pahelAnuM, pazcima hiMdamAM zakapationuM ane dakSiNa-pUrvahiMdamAM zAtakaraNIonuM rAjya sthApita thayAnuM najare paDaze. navAI jevuM e che ke ajhIjha pahelAne gabhIla avaMtipati upara phateha meLavavAnA mekko thayA hAvA chatAM teNe kAMIja hilacAla karI nathI; jyAre hiMdu mahArathI zaka prajAe AvIne madhyama tathA pazcima hiMdanA kaNajo laI prajApIDananA kAmAM avadhI karI dIdhI hatI. zakAri vikramAdityanA rAjyavistAra batAve che. jyAM jyAM zaka prajAnuM rAjya hatuM tyAM tyAM zakAranA dhvaja pharakavA mAMDayeA che eTale vistAranI dRSTie naM. 56nA nakazAnIja sthiti jaLavAi rahe che. je phera thavA pAmyA che te mAtra leAkamAnasa paratvenA ja che. te bhAganI prajA, je rAtrInA ujAgarA jevI sthitimAM tathA hatheLImAM jIva laine pharyA karatI hatI. te have zAMta mane ane sthira citta rahetI hatI; kudaratI uMghanA samaye nirbhaya thaIne sUe che tathA ullAsamAM jIvanagALI peAtAnA tAraNahAranA saMvata calAve che. zakAri vikramAdvityanA pAtra ane paMjAba taraphanI da-takathAmAM jANItA thayela vikramacaritra-ga bhanA rAjya vistAra batAvela che. kANu jANe tenA nazIbe hAya ke pAthimana prajAne nazIe hAya; paraMtu InDA pArzIana zahenazAha geAMDAfAranesane hiMdamAMthI ucALA bharavA paDela hAvAthI je bhUmi upara pathArA karIne te paDayA hatA te sarve A vikramacaritranI hakumatamAM AvI paDela dekhAya che. dakSiNapati a'pravazIe te| gabhIlavaMzanA mitro-zubhecchakA ane sAcA sahAyakA heAvAthI temanA mulaka teTalA ne teTalA eka sadI sudhI nirbhaya sthiti anubhavatA, emane ema AbAdI bheAgavI rahyo che. uparAMta nahapaNu kSaharATanA samaye tenA jamAi rUSabhadatte temane rAjagAdInA tyAga karavAnI, je pharaja pADI hatI te kalaMkane bhUsI nAMkhI, temaNe peAtAnI rAjagAdI pAchI paThaNanagare lAvI mUkI hatI. eTale ke sArAye hiMdamAM hiMduprajA A samaye jeTalI sukhI ane AnaMdI hatI tevI AgaLa pAchaLanA pacAsa pacAsa varSa sudhI nahAtI ja,

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Sc varNana ura AkRjhira pRSTha nezvaka 150 60 175 uttara hiMdanI prajAe aDadhI sadI sudhI mukti meLavI, punaHparadezI rAjakartAnI jhuMsarI anicchAe svIkArI lIdhI dekhAya che. temAM temane pazcAtApanuM kAraNa maLyuM lAgatuM nathI; kemake rAjA kaniSka baDo sAhasika, kaDaka mIjAjI temaja daDha nizcayI hoI, tenA rAjya amale hiMdI prajA pUrvanI peThe ja sukhI banI rahI che. teNe avaMtine ja pradeza mAtra rahevA daI gardabhIla vaMzIonA hAthamAMthI sarva mUlaka paDAvI laI te upara kSatrapa SatikanA hAthamAM sattAsUtra saMpyAM hatAM.teja pramANe potAnA mitro-gardabhIla vaMzInI nabaLAIne lAbha aMdhapatioe paNa zeDo lIdho che. kahevata che ke ugatAne sarva koI name ane AthamatAnI avagaNanA kare; te anusAra aMdhrapatioe sArvabhauma sanAdarzaka, vikrama saMvatane tyAga karI pitAne zaka saMvata paNa calAvavA mAMDe che. kaniSka bIje, tenA dAdA kaniSka pahelAnA je parAkramI te nahate ja; paraMtu zAMticAhaka tathA ekadama udAravRttine hevAthI raiyatane to nirbhayapaNuM ja bakSAyuM hatuM. sAthe sAthe pitAnA saradAra upara paNa rahemIyata batAvI, svataMtratA apIM hovAthI, kSatrapa cappaNa je have mahAkSatrapa banavA pAmyo hato teNe avaMtinA gardabhalene haThAvI karI pite "rAjA" pada dhAraNa karI lIdhuM hatuM. temaja dakSiNA pathapationuM gumAna teDI nAMkhavAne paNa vAra lagADI nahotI. eTale sudhI ke temane pitAnA rAjanagara paiThaNano tyAga karI dakSiNamAM haThI javuM paDayuM hatuM ke je samaya bAda teo pAchuM mAthuM ucakavA ja pAmyA nathI. jethI AkhA hiMdamAM beja sattAnI kaDedhaDe najare dekhAya che. uttaramAM kuzAnanI; ane madhya, pazcima tathA pUrva hiMdanA moTA bhAga upara cakkaNavaMzIonI. A pramANenI sthiti rUdradAsananA samaye paNa jaLavAI rahI che eTale tene mATe svataMtra nakaze cItarI batAvavAnI AvazyakatA rahI nathI. paraMtu kaniSka bIjAnuM maraNa thatAM tene putra vAsudeva pahele mathurA pati thayo ke pAchI saiyata upara panotI beThI che. himAlayanI taLeTIvALA pradezamAMthI guptavaMzIo doDI AvyA che ne pagadaMDa meLavavA mathI rahyA che. tathA paMjAba kAzimara kuzAnanI satAmAMthI khasI jaIne svataMtra thaI gayA che. bIjI bAju rUdradAmananA maraNa bAda tenA vaMzajo, je ke jhaLakayA to nathI ja, chatAM ekadama nirvIrya paNa nIvaDyA nathI. eTale prajAne 61 177

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AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha 33 62 243 - NullachuM. herAnagatI jevuM paNa nahetuM. paraMtu sarva divase ke niA sarakhA jatA nathI. te ukti pramANe kuzanavaMzIone nirmULa karI nAkhI guptavaMzIoe avaMtine kArabhAra hAthamAM lIdho che; jyAM jyAM teo gayA che tyAM tyAM dharmakrAMti upajAvI che. paraMtu temanA kAMDe baLa hevAthI zAMti sthApatA gayA che. temane samaya ApaNI kSetramaryAdA bahAra jato hevAthI ApaNA mATe te aspRzya rahyo che. A pramANe I.sa.nA prAraMbha sudhI pahoMcI gayA pachI vaLI, I.sa. pU. nI pAMcamI sadImAM pravartI rahela rAjyasthitinAM darzana karavA utaravuM paDe che. magadhapati naMdivardhana-naMda pahelAne, pitAnA saradAra-svAmI muMdanA samaye aMdhAdhUdhI je prasaravA mAMDI hatI tene sabaLa hAthe dAbI devAnI pharaja paDe che. paraMtu jema pite naMdavaMzanI sthApanA karI che temaja eka cedIvaMzI kSemarAja nAmanA saradAre mAthuM ucakIne teja samaye pitAnA vaMzane uddhAra karI kaliMgapati tarIke udgheSaNA karI che. naMdivardhane lagAma hAtha karI te pahelAM, je keTaleka mulaka kSemarAje magadhanI sattAmAMthI jhUMTavI lIdhuM hatuM te pAcho meLavavA teNe kaliMgajina mUtine bahAne mathAmaNa te ghaNI karI hatI paraMtu kSemarAja bhAre mAthAne dekhAvAthI kevaLa mUrtinuM ja apaharaNa karI, pitAnA nAkanuM TeravuM uMcuM rAkhI teNe potAnuM dhyAna uttara, pazcima ane madhyahiMdamAM ja zAMti sthApavA tarapha rekI rAkhavuM paDayuM hatuM. eTale pUrva hiMdanA kinArAnA moTA bhAga upara tathA kaliMga orissAnA prAMto upara kSemarAjanI sattA jAmI paDI hatI, jemAM tenA putra vRddhirAjanA samaye vRddhi thayA karI hatI jyAre hiMdanA bAkI rahetA bhAga upara naMdivardhana pahelAnuM eka chatrI rAjya tapI rahyuM hatuM. magadhapati naMda pahele tathA bIje; te benuM rAjya zAMtipUrvaka cAlyA bAda, pAchuM tyAM aMdhera vartavA mAMDayuM hatuM. te vakhate dakSiNa hiMdamAM vRddhirAjanA putra khAravelanuM rAjya sthApita thaI gayuM hatuM. teNe pitAnA dAdA kSemarAjanA samaye harAI gayelI kaliMgajIta mUtine pelA naMdIvardhananA vaMzaja AThamA naMda bahaspatimitra pAsethI pAchI meLavI hatI ane tene potAnA page namAvI, samrATa gaNAtA magadhapatinuM pANI utArI nAkhI pite cakravatI khAravela banI, kaliMgapatine DaMke vagaDAvyo hato. pachI te dakSiNa hiMdamAM paNa TheTha kanyAkumArI sudhI mulake jItI, zAMti prasarAvI trikaliMgAdhipati paNa banI beThe hate. 63. 353

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bhUmitRSNAne pite tAbe na thayo hovAthI, paraMtu ulaTI tene gulAma banAvI dIdhI hovAthI, uttara hiMdamAM keTalAka samaya bhale geravyavasthA jAmI gaI hatI temaja pite sarva zaktimAna thayo hato chatAM te tarapha mITa paNa mAMDI nathI; eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu pitAnA hAthe ja jItI lIdhela, caMdravaMzI, celA, pallava ane pAMya rAjAone paNa, temane svaadhikAre pAchA sthAyI temanA upara pitAnI ANa besArI dIdhI hatI. eTale te samaye uttara hiMdamAM magadhapati navamAnaMdanI ane dakSiNamAM khAravela trikaliMgAdhipatinI, ema beja mukhya rAjasattA hatI. tenA samaya bAda pAchuM banne ThekANe parivartana thavA mAMDyuM che ane sarva hiMda upara morya samrATa caMdraguptano zAsanakALa tapato hovAne divasa hiMdI ItihAsane neMdha paDa che. rAjA khAravelane zAsanakALa, tenA rAjya vistAranI agatyatAnA karatAM hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM varNavAyala kaliMgajInI mUrtinA ItihAsa mATe vadhAre prakhyAtIne pAme che tathA khAsa yAdagAra banI gayo che eTalI noMdha je na levAya te tenI dhAmika valaNane anyAya karyo kahevAze, () zobhana cinI samajAti saptama khaMDa prathama pariccheda -jyAre avadazA gherAya che tyAre manuSyavRttio bahera mArI jAya che. sarasvatI jevI sAdhvIne rAjA gadaMbhIlanA mANase ba8 dAnatathI upADI jAya che. kAlikasUri mUMjhAIne zikonI madada le che. zake kAlikasUrinI sUcanAthI gardabhIla je bhUkaNa avAja kADhI tenI maMtrasiddhithI duzmanane mArI zakato tenuM moDhuM baMdha karIne tene harAve che. chevaTe rAjA salAha mATe mAMgaNI kare che. dvitIya paricheda -rAjA udAyane jainadharma aMgIkAra karI pitAnI gAdI potAnA bhANejane ApI sAdhu jIvana lIdhuM. tenA bhANeje rAjyakartAne na zobhe te prajA sAthe vartAva sAthe. udAyanA sAdhu rAjyadhAnImAM sAdha karavA AvelA temane teNe khorAkamAM jhera ApI mArI nAkhavA prayatna karyA. gadaMbhIlane nAza karanAra zake chevaTe paradezIo hatA teo prajA sAthe bahu ja krUratAthI vartatA. eTale vikamAditye temanI sAme thaIne teone nAza karyo. zrImahAvIranA smaraNa, dravya dIpakanI goThavaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI. vatIya pariccheda -vikramAditya zANe ane vithApriya rAjavI hatA. te prajAnA sukha mATe bhayaMkaramAM bhayaMkara sthAnamAM pharato. bhale bhayaMkara bhUtAvaLo heya ke kALI rAtri hoya. teNe vedhazALAnI paNa sthApanA karI hatI.

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aSTama khaMDa paricheda pahelo -vijayI rAjA vIravikama gAdIpatI che. kALanA vaheNamAM mUkAyelI saMvatsara dIpikA vIravikamanuM hajIya smaraNa karAve che. mahAvIra svAmInA nirvANa pachI zarU thayela saMvata, zaradaRtumAM vikasatA, ziziramAM karamAtA kamaLa puSpa jema dekhA de, adRSya thAya tema ItihAsamAM dekhAya che. dvitIya pariccheda-samrATa priyadazine ghaNuM deza jItI laIne tyAM pitAnI sattA prasArI hatI. bhUtakALanI gUphA ujALanAra dIpaka jevA ghaNaya saMvate eka saMvatamAM bhaLI jaI ti pragaTAvI jAya che ane prajA tene samAne che. navama khaMDa prathama paricheda -paradezamAM rahetI DuMgarALa prajA ane hiMdamAM vasatI zAMti priya prajA, baMne vacce cAlu vikhavAda thayA ja karato hato. teo svabhAve temaja khAsI yate dareka bAbate judA ja hatA. dvitIya pariccheda-rAjA kaniSka potAnA rAjyane TheTha himAlayanI uttara sudhI laI jAya che. cInAonI talavAra tene asara nathI karI zakatI. chevaTe vijayI thayA chatAMe te kaI ajANyA sinikanA hAthe mRtyu pAme che ane te paNa potAnI rAjadhAnIthI dUra. tRtIya pariccheda -caSThaNa avaMti jItI le che ne rAjAnuM birUda dhAraNa kare che. mULa tene mulaka te madhya eziyAnA DuMgare hatA jenI baMne bAjue susaMskRta phaLadrupa mulaka hatA. dazama kheDa prathama pariccheda -vAMsanA vananA chedanathI chedi zabda cedimAM rUpAMtara pAmyuM hoya ema kahevAya che. rAjA karakaMDu bhAgyanA baLe rAjya pAme che, hAthaNI ja tenA bhAgyane aMjali Ape che. jainadharma prajAmAM pracAra pAmate jAya che. dvitIya paricheda -magadhapati naMdarAjAe rAjA khAravelanA vaMzajene priya evI jana mUtinuM haraNa kareluM tene prayatna karIne chevaTe meLave che ne pite kRtakRtya thAya che. tRtIya pariccheda-rAjA khAravele kRSNa nadInI pAra Avela sAtakaraNI rAjAne harA ne pIche pakaDayo. duSkALathI pIDAtI prajAne bacAvavA naMda rAjAe baMdhAvela gaMgAnI naherano vikAsa karIne rAjA khAravele TheTha potAnI rAjadhAnI sUdhI lAvI dIdhI che,

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tartha pariccheda -duSkALanA vakhatamAM paNa rAjA khAravele pustakedvAranI pravRttithI * lekamAM jJAnanuM mahatva vadhAreluM. je mUti viSe khaTarAga thayA karatuM hatuM te jagannAthajInI mUrti hovAnuM manAyuM che. dharmasthApanA mATe teNe amarAvatImAM stUpa paNa baMdhAvyuM che. picama pariccheda -viSakanyA vakagrIvane maLe tevI cANakya goThavaNa kare che tenA hAthanA sparzathI ja vakragrIva mRtyune zaraNe thAya che ne mAryo vijayI thaIne TheTha laMkA sudhI ke gajAve che.

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anukrama viSaya pUrNAMka viSaya pRSAMka saptama kheDa zakAri vikramAdityanI vicAraNA 65 paMdara vikramAdityanAM tAravaNI tathA cAlaNa 79 prathama pariccheda gardabhIla vaMza saMvatsaranI gaNatrImAMnI keTalIka viTaMbaNuM 85 - dvitIya paricheda nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLI samaya-kALagaNanA(cAlu) jANavAmAM AvelI zodhIne sudhArelI tu (5) mAlava saMvata vaMzanI utpatti tathA kuLa ke zaka saMvata-zabdanA bhinna bhinna artha (1) rAjA gaMdharvasenanuM jIvana vRttAMta 12 tenA sthApaka ane samaya vize judA judA saMvatanI tulanA 106 dvitIya pariracheda saMvatsarAnI pherabadalI karavAnI rIta 109 InTareganama-atarkaLa navama khaMDa zaka prajA-khAsiyate, I. kazAna vaMza temanA rAjAo tathA rAjamala prathama parida vidizA, bhisA tathA ujenI vize nAmAvaLI tathA samayAvaLI 120 puSpapura nagara vizenI mAhitI hiMda bahAranA sattAdhArI tarIke tRtIya pariccheda kaDaphasIjha pahele 137 gaIbhIla vaza (cAlu) kaDaphasIjha bIja; vema 141 (2) rAjA zaMku ane zakAri vikramAditya 32 dvitIya pariSada tenA saMvatsaranI AdinI vicAraNA kaniSka pahelo 148 vedhazALA tathA sikkAne AraMbha tenI rAjanIti, dharma tathA rAjyavistAra 15ra tenuM rAjadvArI jIvana; vidhavidha dRSTie 42 vicAravAyegya tAravI kADhelA ATha muddAo 159 (8) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane Arya anAryanA bhedanI samajUti 164 (5) vikrama caritra (2) vAsiSka; viSka, juSka temanA rAjyavistArane vivAda 51 (3) haviSka 167 (6 thI 10) zeSa rAjAone TUMka hevAla 54 tenA samaya vizenI muzkelIonI vicAraNuM 169 (4) kaniSka bIje 170 aSTama kheDa (5) vAsudeva pahele 177 prathama paricheda (6 thI 13) anya ATha rAjAo 180 samaya-kALagaNanA tRtIya paricacheda (1) mahAvIra saMvata (2) kSaharATa saMvata cakaNuzI kSatripa (3) cedi saMvata (4) vikrama saMvata 62 temanA zakanI samajUti 2

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jaya 198 pRSaka viSaya puSTaka (1) dhotika 193 temAM thatI gerasamajUtione samajAvela marma 279 (2) ca9Na 194 caturtha pariccheda nahapANu tathA cakaNunI sarakhAmaNI kSatra5, mahAkSatranA adhikAra vize 202 rAjA khAravela (cAlu); hAthIguphAnA lekhanI carcA 314 cachaNaka ane kuzAnazakano taphAvata 205 duSkALano prasaMga ane pustakeddhArane saMbaMdha 315 (3) jayadAmana (4) rUdradAmana 207 mahAvijyaprAsAda vizenI mAhitI 316 sudarzana taLAvanA artha vize 208 kaliMgajIne mUrtine ItihAsa ane te upara prakAza 321 jaina dharmanAM tIrthasthaLo vize kAMIka sAta tIrthadhArmonI vyAkhyA 338 keTalIka cAluM AvatI ghaTanAo 339 dazama khaMDa cedi vaMza paMcama pariccheda prathama pariccheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) cedi vaMzanI utpatti tathA vibhAgo 229 trikaliMganuM svarUpa 345 (1) kSemarAja tenuM sAmAjIka jIvana ane rAjyavistAra 351 239 rAjyavistAra tathA rAjadhAnInI carcA 242 priyadarzina sAthenI tenI karelI tulanA 361 (2) vRddhirAja 249 (4) vakrovaH parvatezvara dvitIya pariSada (5) malayaketuH makaradhvaja 365 (3) rAjA khAravela bhikhurAja: dharmarAja para pariziSTa puSyamitranA samakAlIna paNa vizenI carcA purAtattvanAM dazyo saMbaMdhI ApelI samajUti 369 lagabhaga 24 purAvAthI lIdhela tapAsa 253 vaMzAvaLI 374 khAravelane nakkI karAyela samaya 267 samayAvaLI 377 tRtIya paricheda viSaya zodhavAnI cAvI rAjA khAravela (cAlu) zuddhipatraka hAthIguMphAnA lekhane anuvAda 271 zuM? ane kayAM ? 367

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illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMilllllllllllllllllllllllll Agen002a0000eeI dha pUee-0009 %0008 9 B8ooooooooooooooo Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii IRRA AHIRins with 009-0000000088 @ ka saptama khaMDa <Page #43
................................................................................................................................................ * *** -- saptama khaMDa prathama pariccheda gardabhIla vaMza nAmAvaLI, tathA samayALI (1) rAjA gaMdharvasena dvitIya pariccheda InTaregamana, aMtarkALa zaka prajAnuM rAjya tRtIya pariccheda gabhIla vaMza (cAlu) (2) zakAri vikramAditya aMtargata rAjA zaku ane bhatRharI (3) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) vikrama caritra (6 thI 10) zeSa rAjAone TUMka hevAla .......................................... - genergreen ************

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tAraka . ja -- -- ke , karI che ja 15*1 * * kara , GAL: prathama pariccheda gadaMbhIla vaMza TUMka sAra-gardabhIla vaMza nAma kema paDayuM tenuM kAraNa-te vaMzanA samaya vize tathA tenA rAjAonI saMkhyAnuM lisTa ApI te vize, anya vidvAnanAM maMtavya TAMkI, te upara calAvelI carcA ane bAMdhI Apela nirNaya--ane chevaTe vizeSa zuddha svarUpamAM raju karelI temanI nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLI- te bAda A vaMzanA sthApaka rAjA gaMdharvasenanA kuLa vize utArelAM avataraNa ane te uparathI derAtA nirNayanI karelI rajuAta rAjA gaMdharvasenanA jIvana caritranI AchI samAlocanA-AmaMtrita zahenazAhI zaka prajAnA hAthe tenuM hArI javuM tathA aMte tene kare paDele avaMtine tyAga- gardabhI vidyAnA prabhAvanuM ApeluM varNana-

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gadalIla vaMzI rAjAnAM [ saptama khaMDa nahapANanuM maraNa i. sa. pU. 74 mAM nIpajayuM hovAnuM mAne che paNa temaNe potAnI mAnyatA che hatuM temaja te aputrIo hata; jethI avaMtinI gAdI hakIkata upara racI che ane je ApaNe akSarazaH upara tene jamAI rUSabhadatta ahIM TIpaNamAM utArI che, temAM to tevuM vidhAna nAma samaya birAjamAna thavAno hato. paNa koI spaSTapaNe uccAryuM ja nathI. temAM mAtra eTaluM ja tathA saMkhyA te samaye tenI umara 80 jaNAvAyuM che ke vikramanA rAjya 17 mA varSe saMvata uparanI thaI gaI hatI. temaja saranI sthApanA thaI, ane tethI 15 varSamAMthI te te baha dara hato eTale avaMtinI gAdI rAjA darpaNa 17 bAda karatAM 135 varSa je vikrama saMvatanA rahyA urpha gaMdharvasenanA hAthamAM AvI paDI hatI. A te samaye amuka banAva banyo hato. AmAM 15ra nA kSatriya rAjA bahu parAkramI hato tathA teNe gardabhI AMka sAthe te vaMzanA aMtane kAMI saMbaMdha che ke kema nAmanI vidyA sAdhI hatI. te gardabha vidyAno mahimA te vize kAMI IsAro paNa nathI : bake ItihAsanA evo hato ke, jyAre tenI sAdhanA kare tyAre tene jJAnathI ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke te AkhuM sAdhaka purUSa pitAnuM mahe ughADIne eka jAtano kathana zaka saMvatanA samaya nirNaya mATeja vadeluM che. gardabha-kharanA bhaMkaNa jevo avAja kare, ane te eTale temAM kahevAnI matalaba evI che ke, vikrama sUra jenA jene kAne pahoMce te sarva maraNane zaraNa saMvatanA 135 varSa gayA bAda zaka saMvatanI sthApanA thaI jAya. vaLI A vidyAnI sAdhanA amuka divaseja thaI hatI. bAkI to vikrama rAye 17 mA varSeja te karI zake evI paNa vidhi hatI. A gardabhI vidyA vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA thaI te hakIkata paNa mAnya tene sAdhya hovAthI tenuM kharUM nAma upara pramANe nathI; vaLI 15ra na AMka kayAMthI ubhA karAyA che je ke darpaNa hatuM chatAM, tene kaIke gadharUpa (gaddhAnA te je ke jaNAvyuM nathI chatAM 135+17 = ema jevuM svarUpa che jenuM te) nAma paNa ApyuM che. tathA karIne 15ra joDI kaDhAyo hoya te te paNa mAnya tenA vaMzanuM nAma gabhIla vaMza pADayuM che. eTale A nathI ema AgaLa upara samajAze. A kathanamAM vizanI sthApanA i. sa. pU. 74 ma. sa. 453 mAM 15ra na AMkanI utpattinA meLa mATe bhale kazeye thayAnuM gaNI zakAze. udagAra maLatA nathI chatAM anya ghaNe ThekANe thI A vaMzanA prAraMbha mATenA samayano nirNaya te vastune samarthana karatI hakIkate te maLe che ja; karavAmAM jema ghaNAkharA saMmata che tema tenA aMta ane te uparathI te vaMzanI AkhI ne AkhI nAmAvaLI vizenA samaya mATe nathI. eka pakSaka tene aMta tathA samayAvaLI goThavI dIdhela paNa najare paDe che; i. sa. 78 mAM gaNIne ekaMdare te 15ra varSa cAlyo chatAM kahevuM paDaze ja, ke jyAM sudhI te AMkanI (1)nIcenI TIkA naM. 47, 48 sarakhAvo. vaLI juo eziyATika rIsacIjha pu. 9, pR. 145 (2) prIsesa jaranala 4, pR. 688; ja, e. se. be (3) nA. pra, patrikA pu. 10 bhAga 4, pR. 24:5. 49 bhAga 1:- saptadaza varSe vikrama rAjyAnaMttaraM vatsara pravRttiH / The father of Vikrama is called Ghosh ko'rthaH / nabhova hana rAjyAt 17 varSe vikramAdityasya Raja or the king of thickets; which is an rAjyam / rAjyAnaMtaraM ca tadaiva vatsara pravRttiH / tato other name for Gandharup or Gaddharaj in dri pavArA rAta (162) madhyAt 17 vaghapu nartapu the west=vikramanA pitAne gheSa rAjA athavA jhADane zeSa paMcatrirAvika rAta (16) vikrama mA viSTam | rAjA kahevAya che, jene pazcimamAM gadharUpa urphe gaddArAja (4) nIcenA sthAnethI A vaMzanA rAjAonI AMka saMkhyAne lagatI hakIkta maLe che. paNa kaImAM 152 AMka vize

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prathama pariccheda ] nAma, samaya tathA saMkhyA ' bhANArI utpatti no ja patto na lAge athavA pramANikapaNe paDI jatAM jaNAya che; chatAM atyAra sudhI ApaNe te puravAra karI na batAvAya, tyAM sudhI te pAyA anubhava zIkhave che ke, prAcIna graMthakAronAM kathano to upara ubhI karAyelI sarva hakIkata kAcIja gaNavI vAstavikatAmAM lagabhaga satyaja che. paraMtu temanI , rahe che. te paNa je je mAhitI upalabdha Alekhana paddhatimAM dRSTikoNa judAM rakhAyelAM hovAthI - thaI che thAya che temAMthI je kAMI nizcaya upara ApaNane te bhinna dekhAIne muMjhavaNamAM utArI AvI zakAtuM hoya te te prayatna karI nAMkhatAM jaNAyAM che. eTale temanI uMDANamAM utaraagatyano gaNAze. vAnI kAMIka jarUra jaNAya che. sarvathI prathamamAM matraya, vAyu ane viSNu (kembrIja menyuskITa) * kAMIka pAyA rUpa thaI paDe te mATe eka nAmAvaLI purANomAM gadaMbhIla vaMzI rAjAnI saMkhyA sAta tenA samaya sAthe utArIe ane pachI tenA upara hAyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. jyAre bhAgavata purANamAM vicAraNuM tathA vivecana karIe to kAMIka mArga dazanI saMkhyA kahI che. A badhAM kathana bhinna nIkaLI Ave paNa kharo. ma. saM. thI ma. saM. I. sa. pU. thI i. sa. pU. varSa. (1) darpaNa: gadharUpa; gaMdharvasena 453 463 = 74 (2) inTareganama athavA zakaprajAnuM rAjya 463 470 = 64 (3) vikramAditya-zakAri 53 0 = 6nA (4) vikramacaritra dharmAditya 530 44 (5) bhAIla 581 = (6) nAIlsa 581 pa95 = (7) nAhaDa pa95 570 152 bahu spaSTatA nathI. paraMtu pA.ka. mAM kAMIka vizeSapaNe hakIkata (7) buddhiprakAza nAmanuM guxvase. nuM mukhapatra 5.76 chaNAI che te ApaNe AgaLa upara tapAsIzuM. pR. 90 mAM 7 varSa lakhyA che. jyAre jaina saMghamAM (juo (a) pA, ka, pR. 72. (ba) ja. ba. bra. je. e. se, pu. 9, pR.147 thI 1pa7. prAcIna bhAratavarSa pu. 1, pR. 202. TI. naM. 33 mAM kareluM avataraNa; gAthA trIjIne aMtabhAga) cAra varSa kahyAM (ka) ka. A. re. prastAvanA pR. 69. che. paNa vastusthiti vicAratAM bu. pra. no abhiprAya su(Da) merUtuMga vicAraNi patra 3 ne utAro, jaina rakhya mahesava aMkamAM pR. 46 TI. naM. 31. saMgata dekhAya che. tethI te pramANe ahIM meM sAta varSa (5) joke saMkhyA sAta lakhI chepaNa temAM kaeNtArelI viga lekhyAM che. [ athavA jaina graMthakArenuM ema mAnavuM thayuM te bArIkAIthI tapAsatAM te saMkhyA cha hovAnuM paNa gaNI hoya ke gabhIle gAdi tyAga karyo ane zakanuM rAjya paNa zakAya che. jemake nIcenI TIkAmAM (Da)nuM avataraNa vAMcI ja. ma. saM. 463 mAM thayuM juo AgaLa zakarAjyanI hakIkata) . (6) uparanI na. 4 TIkAmAM (a) (ka) jAo: jyAre chatAM gabhIlanuM maraNa te bAda traNa sADAtraNa varSa thayuM che (Da) mAM A pramANe lakhyuM che. "vikasya rahyuM che tethI zakAya teTaluM ghaTADIne cAra varSa ja lakhavAM joIe. varSAni, tatataputrarca vimavAratrApura nAmano dhama- A sthiti vizeSa kAraNabhUta lAge che. kemake jema purANathatha rAtre 40 vaLa. to mADharAja rAdhe ghauM kare e sarva hakIkata sAcI lakhI che tema pariziSTa kAre 11 | tattaH zrI nArU kayuM varSa 14 . tataH zrI paNa sAcIja lakhI che. mAtra daSTikoNu badhAMnA bhinna nAra rAcaM 10 varNana gAtA ane (ba)mAM tAravaNI hatA eTaluM ja !. karatAM cha rAjA thayAnuM jaNAya che. (8) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 6,

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rAjAonAM nAma [ saptama khaMDa uparamAM karela varNanathI jaNAya che ke gardabhIla large kingdom. After some years vaMzI rAjAonI saMkhyA judI judI gaNatrIthI cha, leaving the reins of government to sAta ane dezanI karavAmAM AvI che. temAM prathama his younger brother Bhartruhari the cha saMkhyAno vicAra karIe. te be traNa prakAre noted poet, he himself went out in saMbhavI zake che. eka prakAraH-uparanA lisTamAM sAta disguise to study India and the Indian AMka bharI batAvyA che. paNa temAMne AMka . 2. politics. Several years after, Bhartrito zaka rAjAono che, eTale zuddha gardabhIla vaMzI te hari disgusted with the world, through bAkInA cha ja rahe cheH bIjo prakAra-TIpaNuM na. 4 a family calamity, let Raj to his (ba) mAM lakhyA pramANe temaja TI. naM. 5 (Da) mAM ministers and passed into religious jaNAvyA pramANe paNa cha thAya cheH chatAM AmAMnI retirement. Flearing this, Vikrama kAI gaNatrIthI mahattvano pheraphAra thato na hovAthI hastened to his capital, organized a uparanuM lisTa, nAma ane samaya bannenI bAbatamAM powerful army, beat back the Scythians kAyama ja rahe cheH and the l'arthians and made ample have sAta ke tethI vadhArenI saMkhyA kema hoI conquests in North India=prasaMga maLatAM, zake te tapAsIe eka rIte, to lisTamAM sAtanI gaMdharvasene10 ujainInI gAdI hAtha karI. tenI pachI ja saMkhyA batAvI che te ja pramANe sAta batAvI tene yeSTha putra zaku gAdIe beThA hatA. teNe thoDA zakAya. bIjI rItaH lisTamAMnA sAtamAMthI zaka prajAnuM samaya rAja karyuM. teTalAmAM potAnA bhAI vikramane rAjya-inTareganama-bAda karIe ane tene badale bhoga thaI paDayo. A vikame keTalIka jIta meLavI dhI hiMdu hIsTarI"nA lekhake je jaNAvyuM che ke ThIka ThIka moTuM sAmrAjya banAvI dIdhuM. keTalAMka varSa "At some opportune tine Gandharvasen bAda, potAnA nAnA bhAI ane prakhyAta kavi seized the throne of Ujjain. He was bhatRharIne rAjanI lagAma soMpIne, bhArata deza tathA succeeded by his eldest son Sanku, tenI rAjadvArI carcA nihALavAne chUpA veze te who ruled for a short time and then nIkaLI paDe. ane keTalAMka varSa vItyA bAda kauTuMbika fell a victim to the ambition of his upAdhine lIdhe saMsArathI virakata banI te bharIe brother Vikrama; who made some rAjakAja pradhAnane soMpI sanyAsa lIdho. 11 conquests and consolidated a prety A khabara vikramane maLatAM, te utAvaLe rAjanagare - (9) dhI hiMdu hisTarI: kartA e. ke. majamudAraH kalakattA sena, vikramAditya, rAjA bhartuharI (rAjA gopIcaMda) vigerenI I. sa. 1920 (I. sa. 5. 3000 thI I. sa. 1200 sudhI) vAte (Folk-lore) lekakathA tarIke pazcima hiMdamAM ja-ane te pustakamAM pR. 638 ane AgaLa; tathA pR. 649 ane mukhyatve karIne gujarAta kAThiyAvADamAMja-vadhAre pracalita che. AgaLa juo.. paraMtu pUrva hiMdamAM tene agatyanuM sthAna maLyuM nahIM hoya. (10) gaddezIlavaMza sthApaka ane zakAri vikramAdityane chatAM jyAre A "hiMdanI tavArIkha" nA kartA baMgALI pitA pR. 2. nA lisTamAM jeno AMka 1 lakhyo che te vyakti. gRhastha hovA sAthe itihAsa rasika purUSa che. temaNe ja A tenAM bIjAM nAma tarIke darpaNa ane gadharUpa ApaNe noMdhyA che. hakIkta utArI che. ane te paNa evA svarUpe ke, tenA (11) A hakIkatane lagatuM vivecana jene ItihAsa sAthe uparathI keTaleka itihAsa upajAvI zakIe chIe; vaLI saMbaMdha che te temanA jIvana caritra lakhatAM jaNAvavAmAM temaNe paNa itihAsa sarjayo cheeTale anumAna karAya ke Avaze, paNa atre ema kahevAnI jarUra che ke, A gaMdharva. temaNe aneka pustakane AdhAra lIdho have joIe ja,

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prathama pariccheda ] samaya tathA saMkhyA Avyo; jabaruM lazkara ekatrita karyuM ane zika tathA vaMzI mahIpationI nAmAvalImAM karavo paNa rahe pArthianone harAvI uttara hiMdamAM teNe puSkaLa vijaya ane tema thatAM tenI saMkhyA nava ke dazanI thAyaja: prApta karyo. " A vAkyamAM je anya aitihAsika jema nAmanI saMkhyAmAM cha sAtathI mAMDIne daza banAva raju karAyA che tenA paricaya yathAsthAne ApaNe sudhIne sudhAro karavo Avazyaka lAge che, tema te sarvenA ApIzuM. paNa atra te saMkhyAne aMgeja mAtra vicAra rAjakALa mATe paNa vidvAnonAM maMtavyamAM pheraphAra karavAno hovAthI te bAbata letAM, eka rIte zaMkuneja hovAthI tenA samayamAM paNa pheraphAra karavoja paDe che; rAjAnI nAmAvalImAM umerI zakAya ane tema karatAM are kadAca rAjatvakALa mATe sarve sahamata hoya te chanI saMkhyAmAM ekanI vRddhi thatAM pAchI sAte sAta paNa jyAre bhUpationI saMkhyA vadhe, tyAre te pramAthaI rahe che. paNa je zaMka, bhartuharI ane vikramA- mAM AkhA vaMzano samaya-(Adi samaya tene teja dityane be vakhata gAdIe besato gaNIne AMka saMkhyA kAyama rAkhavAnuM che eTale aMta samaya) to pheravavo ja gaNavAmAM Ave, to prathamanA cha sAthe gaNatAM temanI rahe. jethI te vaMzano aMta uparanA lisTamAM jaNAvyA saMkhyA nava ke dazanI thaI jaze. vaLI uparanAja pramANe I. sa. 78 thI khaseDIne A laI javo baMgALI saMzodhanarasika vidvAna jaNAve che ke - paDaze te svAbhAvika che; ane tema karavuM te vyAjabI "He (Vikramaditya) was succeeded by thaI paDaze; kemake te prazna paNa ApaNe vicAro his son Madhavsen, who married rahe che. vastusthiti sUcave che ke te samaya i. sa. Sulochana, daughter to the king of 78 thI haThAvIne ghaNo Agho laI javAthIja badhI an island of the Arabian Sea=vikramAdityanI ghaDa maLI raheze; kAraNa ke gardabhIlapatio avaMtimAM pachI tene putra mAdhavasena gAdIe Avyo che ane gAdI bhegavatA hatA'3 eTaluM to cokkasa che ja. te arabI samudramAMnA eka TApunA rAjAnI kuMvarI eTale ApaNe ema vicAravuM raheze ke, ItihAsamAM sulocanAne paraNyo hato." eTale ke temanA mata evA kyA bhUpatio najare caDhI zake che ke jeo pramANe vikramAdityanA putranuM nAma mAdhavasena che; pote I. sa. 78 bAda vahelAmAM vahelA samaye jyAre TI. naM. 4 (Da) ane naM. 6 mAM TAMkelA avaMtipati banI beThA hoya; athavA te evA prabaLa zrImerUtuMga vicArazreNinA avataraNAnusAra ema jaNAya pratApI teo thayA hoya ke A gardabhIlAne avaMtiche ke vikramAdityanI pachI tene putra vikramacaritra mAMthI hAMkI kADhayA hoya. ItihAsane ApaNe urphe dharmAditya gAdI upara beThA che. Ama banne abhyAsa AvI be traNa sattA upara ApaNuM dhyAna * graMthakAronAM vacano bhinna thaI jAya che eTale kheMcI laI jAya che. uttara hiMdamAMnA sattAdhArI banDA mAdhavasenane ane dharmAdityane bhinna bhinna vyakti pArthiyansa, kuzAna vaMzI ane caMNa kSatrapavaMzIo tathA mAnI laIne kadAca te bannene samAveza gardabhIla dakSiNa hiMdamAMnA aMdhrapatio; ema kula cAra vaLI baMgALI sAhitya, gujarAtI sAhitya karatAM vizeSa (12) juo hiM. hi. pU. 639, samRddha che. ane temAM paNa A vidvAna lekhakanA vicAro (3) iM. eN. pu. 10. I. sa. 1881 pR. 222 - - te patharAyelA sAMpaDayA ja mAtra kahI zakAya. eTale nakkI The Gard'ablillas were the rulers' of Ujjain= mAnavuM rahe che ke uparanI manAtI AvelI bAbate daMtakathAo gabhIla rAjAo ujjainanA zAsako hatA ema pro. elDananathI, paNa janatAnA chavAgahe sacavAI rahelI kharI barganuM paNa kahevuM thAya che ( vaLI juo ke. A. re.

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a ' ' ' rAjAonAM nAma [ saptama khaMDa sattAo ApaNI AMkhe caDe che. temAM InDa pArthi. kadAca viMdhyA parvata oLaMgIne avaMtinI bhUmi upara ansanA chellA zahenazAha gaphAranesane I. sa. paNa-paga mAMDyo che khare, chatAM te avaMtipati te 45 AsapAsa (jIe pu. 3 mAM tenuM vRttAMta) hiMdane banavA pAmyA. nathI ja, jo tema thayuM hota to, rANI tyAga karI IrAnamAM gAdIpati banyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che; baLazrIe pitAnA pAtranI yazagAthA gAto je zilAtema kuzAna vaMzamAMnA pahelA be purUSoe te hiMdamAM lekha ke tarAvI mUkyo che temAM "dakSiNApathapati"=LorAjyaprAtija karI nathI. jyAre trIje jene kaniSkanA rd of the Deccan lakhyuM che te sthAne "anaMnAmathI ItihAsakAroe oLakhAvyo che teNe hiMdamAM tipati=Lord of Avanti"jevA zabdo umeravAne gAdI14 karI che kharI, paNa tenI rAjasattA mathurAnI teNI ghaDIbhara paNa vilaMba karate kharI ke? matalaba ke dakSiNe laMbAIja nathI. eTale tene paga avaMti sudhI avaMtinA saMbaMdhamAM aMdhrapatine vicAra karavAnuM paNa Avyo hoya te kalpanA paNa karavI rahetI nathI. A durlakSaja karavuM rahe che. eTale cAra rAjasattAmAMthI pramANe uttara hiMdanA traNamAMthI be vaMzanI vicAraNuM harIpharIne have mAtra ekaja sattAne-caSThavaMzIne ja cheDI devI Thare che; jyAre trIje vaMza je cakkaNano prazna vicAro rahe che. rahyo temaNe avaMtinI gAdI meLavI paNa dekhAya che A caSThaNuvaMzamAM tene ja paitra rUdradAmana nAme tema teo kaDedhaDe paNa thaI gayA che eTale temano eka mahA pratApI rAjavI thayo che. teNe saurASTranA vicAra ApaNe jarUra karavo ja rahe che. uparAMta cothe rAjapATa samA junAgaDha zaheranI pAsenA revatAca vaMza je dakSiNanA aMdhrapationo che temAMnA koIe parvatanI taLeTImAMnA sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti paNa, jo dakSiNa hiMdanA svAmitva uparAMta uttara hiMdamAM kAtarAvavAmAM pitAne kAMIka hisso pUryo che. temAM paNa pagapesAro karyo hoya, te mAtra be bhUpatio 52 (bAvana)nI sAlano AMka che. tene zaka saMvata mAnIne nAMja nAma hajI laI zakAya tevAM che. eka vasiSTha tene samaya 7852=I. sa. 130 ne vidvAnoe putra zAtakaraNI urpha bI zAtakaraNIH ane bIje TharAvyuM che. ane te prazasti karAvavA pUrve Azare rANI baLathIne pautra gautamIputra zAtakaraNIH AmAMnA daseka varSe avaMtipati te (eTale tene Adi purUSa pahelAne samaya I. sa. pU. 224 ne TharAvAya che ane tene dAde cappaNu mahAkSatrapa) banyA hoya ema (jAo pu. 3 mAM pR. 73) eTale te ApaNI gaNI te samaya I. sa. 120 manAve che. jyAre mArI vicAraNanI bahAra jato rahe che; jyAre bIje je gaNatrImAM te I. sa. 142 Ave che. 15 vaLI te autamIputra zAtakaraNI-rANI baLazrIne pautra che tene samaye teNe je avaMtinI gAdI meLavI che te, ApaNe samaya vidvAnoe bhale I. sa. 78 gaNAvyuM che je gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAonI carcA karI rahyA chIe ( jo ke tene kharo samaya te anyathA che je temanI pAsethIja; matalaba ke gabhIla vaMsano aMta ApaNe pu. 5 mAM jevuM rahe che, paNa teNe uttara i. sa. 142 nI AsapAsamAM Avyo hato ema hiMdamAM rAjakAja karyuM hoya ema koI jAtane purA noMdhavuM rahe che. jyAre A samaya paNa have nakkI nIkaLatA nathI. teNe jo ke saurASTranI bhUmi upara-are thaI gaye tyAre, tenA prAraMbhanI sAla je I. sa. pU. (14) geDaphArane uttara hiMda I. sa. 45 mAM khAlI varSane che. temAM kaI sattA te pradeza upara rAja karatI rahI karyuM ane kuzanavaMzI kaniSka kabaje karyuM tene samaya hatI te prazna ukela mAMge che. te ApaNe A saptama vidvAnoe I. sa. 78 manAvyA che; jayAre mArI gaNatrI khaDe ja vicAravuM rahe che. te mATe AgaLa upara A gardabhIla I. sa. 103 che. jenI carcA pu. 5 ne aMte karavAnI che vaMzanI hakIkata juo. tyAM jAo. A be maMtavyanI vacce gALe 103-45=58 (15) A hakIkata ApaNe pu. 5mAM sAbita karIzuM

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- ~ prathama pariccheda ] samaya tathA saMkhyA 74 nI kahI che te hisAbe, A AkhA vaMzane sattA, akhaMDita paNe avaMti upara pravartI rahI hatI rAjyakALa 14274=216 varSano ApaNe kahI ema niHsaMdeha5Ne kahI zakAya. vaLI te vaMzanA zakIzaM; temAMthI vaccenA sAta varSanuM zaka rAjya bAda rAjAnI saMkhyA dazanI TharAvAya che jyAre uparamAM tA. karatAM teno samaya 209 varSane kahevAya; ane temAM ApaNe cha lakhI cUkyA chIe. eTale bAkInAne yathA paNa prathamanA daza varSa rAja darpaNanA je che, te sthAne goThavI temanI samasta vaMzAvaLI nIce pramANe bAda karIe to bAkInA 199 varSa payeta te vaMzanI ApIe to ThIka ThIka svarUpamAM te darzAvI lekhAze. ma. sa. ma. sa. varSa I. sa. pU. . sa. pU. (1) gaMdharvasenaH56 darpaNa: gadharUpa 453 463 10 74 64 zaka prajAnuM rAjya (463 thI 470 = 64 thI 57 = 7 varSa) I. sa. (2) vikramAditya 470 530 60 57 17aMtaragata zaMku 470 - 470 6 mAsa; 57 56 bhartuharIH zukrAditya 470 thI keTalAMka varSa. I. sa. (3) mAdhavAditya 18 570 40 (4) dharmAditya 19 570 580 10 (5) vikramacaritra: mAdhavasena20 580 620 40 (6 tathA 7) be rAjAo 120 634 107 (8) bhAIla 634 645 118 (9) nAIla 645 14 118 (10) nAhaDa 659 669 10 132 142 530 53. 132 kula varSa = 209 (16) jue. pR. 4 upara hiM. hi. pR. 630 nuM A vikamacaritrane mAdhavasena gaNAvo paDayo che. vaLI iMgrejImAM avataraNa mAdhavAditya ane mAdhavasena baneno samaya 40 varSano (17) juo AgaLa temanA vRttAte. hovAthI prAcIna lekhakoe, bane ne eka gaNane naM. 3,4 ' (18) naM. 3 thI 10 sudhIne ekaMdara samaya 139 uDAvI daIne naM. 5 ne ja naM. 2 nA putra tarIke manAvI varSane (i. sa. 3 thI 142 sudhI). sAcI samajaH dIdho che. A pramANe aneka gUMcavaNo karI nAMkhI che. rAjAnAM nAma paNa sAcAM samajavA. paNa temane anukrama darekano ukela na. 2, 3, 4 ane 5 ema cAre vyakti bhinna tathA pratyekano rAjyakALa kalpanAthI goThavyo che ema samajavuM. dhArI levAthI AvI jAya che. temaja AkhA vaMzano samaya (19) naM. 2 ane 3 nAM rAjya lAMbAM che; ane eka paNa turata goThavAI jAya che. vaLI je eka gUMca rAjataraMgiNisiddhAMta evo che ke, pitA putra gaNAtA hoya tevA traNa rAjAo kAre ubhI karI che tene nicoDa paNa AvI jAya che. eka pachI eka gAdIe besIne lAMbo samaya rAjya calAvI (juo te mATe AgaLa trIjA parichede vikramAdityanA na zake. (juo pu. 1 pR. 88.) mATe na. 4 nuM rAjya rAjya vistAranA varNanamAM) nAnuM TharAvavuM paDayuM che ane naM. 5 nuM pAchuM dIrdha samayI (20) naM. 8, 9, 10nAM gAdIpati tarIke zuM nAma hatAM karyuM che. vaLI eka rIte vikramacaritrane vikramAdityane putra te jaNAyuM nathI. gaNAve che tyAre bIjI bAju vikamAdityanA putra tarIke (21) mAdhavAdiya (naM. 3) ane mAdhavasena (na. 4) mAdhavAdityane lekhave che: mATe mAdhavAditya kAyama rAkhI banne nAma sAdara lAgatAM hovAthI tathA bannenA rAjaya

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gaIbhIlonI [ saptama khaMDa rAjA nahapANanA maraNa pachI avaMtinI gAdI tale is prevalent in north-west India. tenA jamAI rUSabhadattane na jatAM gardabhIla vaMzamAM A Gandabha marrying a daughter of gaI che. A gabhIla vaMzane a king of Dhar (Asia. Res. Vol. VI. temanI uSatti Adi purUSa rAjA da5Na urpha p. 38; & Vol. IX. p. 149) = hiMdanA vAyavya viSe gaMdharvasena koNa hatA ? zI rIte tene prAMtamAM 24 eka vicitra vArtA pracalita che. (ke) : hakka pahoMce ? tathA zI rIte caDI eka gardabhane25 ghAranA rAjAnI kuMvarI paraNAvI hatI. Avyo ? vigere kAI paNa mAhitI eke pustakamAM spaSTa- (ezi. rI. pu. 6. pR. 38 tathA pu. 9, pR. 149) paNo tenA saMbaMdhI jaNAvavAmAM AvI nathI. paraMtuM chUTuM vaLI teja graMthamAM eka sthAne lakhyuM che kechavAyuM je mArA vAMcavAmAM AvyuM che te saMkalita karIne " Before their (ancestors of VikramatenA vize je anumAna meM doryuM che te anne jaNAvIza. ditya) occupation of Malwa, they eka graMthamAM lakhyuM che ke--tena(vikramAdityano) probably lived in Anandapur27 near janma khaMbhAtamAM thayo hato. te nagarIne te samaye Udaipur (Mewar)=(vikramAdityanA vaDavAoe) taMbAvaTI paNa kahevAtI hatI. jyAre eka bIjA mALavA kabaje karyuM te pahelAM teo ghaNuM karIne pustakamAM 23 ema jaNAvAyuM che ke-"A strange (mevADanA) udepuranI najIkanA ANaMdapuramAM 28 rahetA kALa paNa cAlIsa varSa sudhI laMbAcala hovAthI vidAe, che. prathama te udepura najIka koI AnaMdapura hovAnuM ja te banene ekaja rAjA tarIke lekhIne kAma lIdhuM che; vaLI jaNAyuM nathI. tema thatAM saMkhyA paNa kamI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. AnaMdapura nAme traNa zahera hovAnuM meM sAbita karyuM (22) eziATIka rIsacIMjha pu. 9, pR. 82. che. (juo bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatuM "jaina dharma prakAza" (23) hiM. hiM. pR. 649 (5Na A graMthakAranuM kathana nAmanuM mAsika. pu. 45 aM. 5. pR. 161 thI 174 uparanA ezi. rI. pu. 9 ne AdhAre ja lakhAyeluM che). upara vardhamAnapUrIne lekha; guvakase. nuM buddhiprakAza (24) avaMtinA rAjAonI A jIvanakathA vAyavya 1934. pR. 58 tathA 318 thI 323; Anartapura, AnaMdaprAMta sudhI TheTha kema javA pAmI haze tenAM kAraNa mATe pura, saurASTa che. lekha; amadAvAdanuM "jaina jAti " AgaLa u5ra vikramacaritranA vRttAMtamAM juo. pu. 1 pauSa aMka 4. saM. 1988 ANaMdapuranuM sthAna (25) gardabha zabda saMskRta che ane tene artha "gadheDA nAme lekha; muMbaInA gujarAtI sAptAhikamAMnI te nAmanuM prANI" thAya che. vAyavya prAMtamAM rahetA mANasene vizenI carcA. khabara nahIM hoya ke ahIM gardabha te pazu nathI paNa (1) eka ANaMdapura kAThiyAvADanA jhAlAvADa prAMtamAM gabhIla vaMzI eka rAjAnuM nAma che. nahI te te manuSyanI Avela coTIlAnA DuMgaranI taLeTImAM vasela che. jyAM mULarAja kanyA gardabha vere paraNavA jevI hakIktane vicitra kathA solaMkInA samaye I. sa. 998 mAM gharasena nAme rAjha rAjya tarIke lekhata nahIMja, karate hato; tene A mULarAje harAvyo hato ema haDALAnA (26) juo hiM. hiM. pR. 638 tAmrapaTa uparathI jaNAya che. (27) ANaMdapuranA sthAna vize nIcenuM TI. naM. 28 juo. (2) bIjA ANaMdapuranI hakIkta ema che ke kAThiyAbAkI udepura najIka ( Near Udaipur ) ane ghaNuM karIne vADamAM Avela gheLakA vaDanagara kahetA; ane vaDanagaranuM (Probably) zabdo je vAparyA che te A hiM. hi. nA bIjuM nAma ANaMdanagara hatuM; paNa ANaMdapura ane lekhakane ja abhiprAya lAge che ema mAruM mAnavuM thAya che. ANaMdanagara judAM hovAM chatAM eka gaNAI gayAM che. (28) lekhake ANaMdapurane bhale udepura najIka mAnyuM che (juo nIce naM. 3). (juo uparanuM TI, 27) paNa te temanI gera samajaNuM gujarAtamAM Avela hAlanuM vaDanagara tene paNa ANaMdapura

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prathama paricheda ] saMkhyA vigere hatA." upara TAMkelAM A traNe kathanane tathA tene bhUmi upara pitAne hakka kAMIka ADakatarI rIte paNa lagatAM TIpaNeno sAra kADhIzuM te ema phalitArtha pahoMce che evI tenI mAnyatA baMdhAI haze. (2) nIkaLaze ke, koI gardabhIlavaMzI rAjA, jenuM nAma temaja tene pradeza TheTha khaMbhAta sudhI eTale ke gaMdharvasenaH gardabha hatuM ane jenuM rAjya kAThiyA- avaMtinI aDoaDa AvIne rahe che. tethI je vADamAM Avela hatuM tathA rAjagAdI ANaMdapura gAme tyAM kAMI bakheDA jevuM thAya ke aMdhAdhUnI pravartatI hatI; tenuM lagna dhAranA30 (mevADa-avaMtinI hadamAM hoya to pitAne caDAI karavAnI sagavaDatA paNa che. Avela che) rAjAnI kuMvarI vere thayuM hatuM; A rANIe (3) temaja caDAI lai jAya te potAnA zvazura khaMbhAtamAM eka putrane janma Apyo hato. tenuM pakSanI paNa madada maLI zakazeja. (4) tathA avaMtinI nAma vikramAditya hatuM. A khaMbhAta nagarIne te samaye gAdI upara nahapAnuM rAjya bhale sulehazAMti bhareluM taMbAvaTIkara paNa kahevAtI hatI. A pramANe je gaNAI gayuM hatuM chatAMye te paradezI te hatAja ne ? vastusthiti tAravI kaDhAI che te satya hovAnuM vaLI tene badale have pote jo avaMtipati thAya te tyAMnI puravAra thaI zake che. kemake (1) jyAre dhAranA rAjAnI prajA paNa potAnA dezanA-vatanIne-rAjA tarIke kuMvarIne te gabhavaMzI kumAra paraNyo che tyAre te vadhAvI leze ja. (5) tema nahapANu aputri maraNa kahevAyuM che; paNa gujarAtanA A vaDanagaranI sthApanA solaMkI (30) dhAra athavA dhArAnagarInI sthApanA te paramAra karNadevanA samaye (i. sa. 11-12 saikAmAM) thaI che. jyAre vaMzI bhejadeve I. sa. nI dasamI sadImAM karI che ema ApaNI A hakIkata I. sa. pU. nI che eTale te manAya che. kemake tyAM teNe rAjadhAnI banAvI hatI. kadAca asthAne che. tyAM AgaLa, pUrva kALathI nagara vasI rahyuM ja hoya ane pachI (3) kAThiyAvADanI dakSiNe Avela keDinAra pAse prakhyAta havAmAna ane rAjapATa banAvyuM hoya ema paNa mAnI kavi narasiMha mahetAnA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM eka zakAya. game te saMjoga hoya; ApaNe to ahi ema samajavuM ANaMdanagara hovAnuM manAyuM che tenI carcA gujarAtI sAsA- rahe che ke te pradezano te rAjA hato. hikamAM AvI hatI (juo naM. 2 ne lagatI hakIkata) ? (31) khaMbhAta ane ANaMdapura ane ekaja rAjAnI paNa te sthAna barAbara nathI ema meM teja sAptAhikamAM A hakumatamAM Avela mAnI zakAya che; ane A rAja kAMte jaNAvyuM che (juo uparamAM TAMkela TI. naM. 28mAnA mArA rA naDamANano khaMDiye hoya ke pachI teTalA darajaje lekhanAM pRSTho). svataMtra paNa hoya uparAMta saurASTrapati paNa hoya. jo ke, A saghaLI etihAsika paristhitino vicAra karatAM prastuta uparamAM to A saurASTra upara rAjA nahapAnI ane pachI ANaMdapura te upara naM. 1 mAM jaNAvela ceTIlA DuMgaranI rUSabhadattanI sattA hovAnuM meM jaNAvyuM che. paNa gaMdharvasena taLeTIvALuM AnaMdapura samajAya che. ane te khaMbhAtanA rAjAne rAjAnI hakumatamAM je te bhAga hovAnuM vadhAre mAnya rahe tAe paNa haze. khaMbhAta baMdara dhIkatuM haIne rAjA tyAM paNa te pachI ema samajavuM raheze ke, rAjA gardabhale jyAre avaMtI amuka samaye rahete haze. game tema, paNa ANaMdapura tathA laI lIdhuM tyAre rUSabhadatte tenuM saurASTra laI lIdhuM hatuM khaMbhAta banane ekaja rAjAnI ANamAM hovA joIe jethI joIe. bAkI rUSabhadattanuM rAjya saurASTra upara hatuM eTalI te rAjAnI garbhavatI rANIe khaMbhAtamAM vikramAdityane janma vAta mAnya rAkhavI ja rahe che. bemAMthI kaI sthiti vadhAre Ape che. saMbhavita che. te saMzodhakee tapAsa calAvI puravAra (29) gaIbhI vidyA teNe sAdhI hatI (AgaLa upara A karavuM rahe che. 1 tenI hakIkta Avaze) te uparathI A vaMzanuM nAma ja gaIbhIla (32) ApaNe taMbAvaTInI sthApanA vize keTalIka carcA vaMza pADavAmAM AvyuM che; ane A gaMdharvasena teno pu. 3 pR. 192 mAM karI che. temAM vaLI A eka sthaLo sthApaka hovAthI gardabha nAme paNa oLakhAya che. have umere karavo rahe che.

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rAjAonAM nAma [ saptama khaMDa pAmyo che eTale tene jamAI rUSabhadatta gAdIe eTale te graMthakAranAM vA34 atre utAravA AvavAne haka dharAve che; chatAM te ati dUra 5Davyo che. IcchA thaI che. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke:-" Kushan uparAMta khakhaDadhaja jevo thaI gayo che. eTale yuddha rule in India-Their two dynasties (1) karavAnI jarUra paDaze to paNa pote ja temAM phAvI Kadphisis Dynasty and (2) The To- jaze. AvI AvI anekavidha kalpanAo ane murAde chari Dynasty. Hindu Puranas called bAMdhI, A gaIbhIla kamAre avaMtinI gAdI meLavavA them (Kuchan-Tochuri people) Tushsarva cakra je gatimAna karI dIdhAM hoya te badhuM banavA aras or Tikharas=hiMdamAM kuzAne prajAnuM rAjya joga che. eTale rAva saMjogo jotAM A gardabhIla temanA be vaMza che. (1) kaDaphIsIjhane vaMza ane vaMzI rAjAonI utpatti saMbaMdhI ApaNe darelAM (2) TocarI vaMza; hiMdI purANamAM temane (kuzAnaanumAna, upara DhAMkelAM vidvAnonAM kathanane anurUpaja TocarI praja) tuzAra athavA tukhAra tarIke eALache ema samajavuM paDaze. khAvyA che." A uparathI samajAze ke kuzaNivaMzI uparamAM tenI utpatti vizeno khyAla ApI kaDapha sIjhanI jAtivALAne purANakAroe tuzAra athavA cUkayA chIe. have tenA muLa vize paNa thoDuMka tukhAra kahyA che; A tuzAra zabda uccAramAM luArI jaNAvIe. mi. prinsese teone maLatA Ave che.eTale saMbhava che ke purANakArane "tuzAra" tenuM kuLa tuAra (Tuary jAtinA ane mi. prinsesano "sura"--te bannene eka gaNIne kSatriya tarIke lekhyA che.33 A graMthakAre nIcenAM vAka joDI dIdhAM lAge che. paNa pite A anumAna upara kevI rIte AvyA che "Kadphisis in local Prakrit was uttered te jaNAvyuM nathI. jayAre eka bIjA graMthakAra, jo ke as Gaddabhas, which the Brahmins lagabhaga tevAja abhiprAya upara AvyA che paraMtu sanskritized as Gandabha, Gandabhin, temaNe je dalIlo ane hakIkate upajAvI kADhI, bhaLatI or Garddabhilas. A strange tale is vAta goThavI dIdhI che. te uparathI ema mAnavAne prevalent in N. W. India. A Garddabha kAraNa maLe che ke temaNe te purANAne AdhAra marrying the daughter of a king of batAvIne, upacAramAM sAdaza paDatA eka zabdane Dhar, was changed into an Ass, skr. bIjA tarIke mAnI laI AkhI vAtanuM vatesaraja uarddabha. That Garddabh vATI nAMkhyuM lAge che. te zabda eka rIte te ava- sanskritized form of Kadaphisis. The gaNanA karavA yogya ja che; chatAM bIjI rIte zodha- sanskrit word Garddabha means an khoLanI AkhI ImArataja AvI AvI vastuonA ass. Hence through mis-naming, the pAyA upara ubhI karAya che, te bInA paNa vAMcakavarganA foreign dynasty was afterwards known khyAlamAM AvI zakaze. uparAMta anya prajAnA as ass-dynasty Old Gadhai-Pysa or ItihAsa upara keTalAka prakAza paNa paDe che. tema ass-money have been found in various keTalIka aitihAsika ghaTanA paNa bahAra Ave che. parts of Western India (J. A. S. B. (33) prinsesa InDIana enTIvITIjha yusaphala Tebalsa [mAruM TIppaNa-dilahInI gAdIe tura vazI-tumAra nAme pustakamAM pR. 157:-This prince (vikrama- vaMzI kSatriye thayA che. temane ane A kSatriyane kAMI ditya) was of the Tuar Dynasty; A kumAra- saMbaMdha haze ke!] vikramAditya-tura vaMzana hatuM, (34) jue hiM, hi, pR. 649

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prathama pariccheda ] samaya tathA saMkhyA Dec. 1835 p. 688). It was certainly (prajAnA) vaMzane khoTuM nAma devAyuM che. je kALAMtare the coinage of Garddabha princes. In 'gardabhavaMza" tarIke oLakhAya che.37 prAcIna (rAmathe sanskrit drama entitled " The yunA) gadhaI-paisA athavA gadheyAM8 pazcima bhAratanA 9 Little Toy-Cart" of the first century aneka bhAgomAMthI maLI Ave che. (ja. e. sI. A. D. mention is made of Gaddhi-skr. baM. I. sa. 1835 ne Disembara aMka pR. 688). Garddabhi-explained by commentators 'gardabha vaMzI rAjAonA ja te sikkA che te seksa as coin (Wilson J. R. A. S. III. 385). che. I. sa. nI pahelI sadInAM mRchakaTika nAme Of the ten Garddabha rulers of India, oLakhAtA saMskRta nATakamAM gadhdhI-saMskRta gadaMbhI-nA hitherto we know only two=DIsIjha ullekha maLI Ave che. jene vivecakee sikkA (zabdane sthAnika prAkRta 5 (bhASAmAM) gadabha uccAra (tarIke oLakhAvyo) che, (ja. . e. sa. pu. 3 thata; brAhmaNoe tenuM saMskRta rUpa gardabha, gardabhina pR. 385H vilsanane lekha) hiMdanA gardabhIla vaMzI bhila (TharAvyuM) che. hiMdanA vAyavya bhAgamAM daza rAjAomAMthI adyApi paryata benejara ApaNe eka vicitra vAta pracalita che. (ka) dhAranA rAjAnI pIchAnIe chIe." kuMvarIne paraNanAra (eka kumAra )ne gadheDA-saMskRta [ mAruM TIpaNa-mAtra nAmeccAranI sAmyatAne gardabha--banAvI devAmAM Avyo hato. te gardabha zabda lIdhe temaNe turavaMzI kaDaphIsIjhane ane turavaMzI kaDaka sIjhanuM saMrakRtamAM rUpAMtara che. saMskRta gardabha gardabhIlane eka mAnI laI badhe khIcaDe bAphI mAryo zabdano artha gadheDuM thAya che. teTalA mATe, paradezI che. ApaNe pu. 5 ne aMte A kaDaphIsIjhanA kuzAna (35) vAcavya prAMtamAM bolAtI prAkRta bhASAmAM kaDaDIsIjha sikkAo maLI AvyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. te pazcima hiMdane zabdano artha gadheDo thAya che ke kema te te tyAMnA vatanIo (iv. India) vAcaya prAMta (N. Mr. India) zA mATe jANe paNa A lekhaka mahAzaye tapAsa karI hazeja ane te mAnI levAyA che? eka bAragI mAnI lyo ke, evAM uparathI A kathana utAryuM haze ema ApaNe mAnI levuM rahe che. gadhaiyAM vAyavya prAMtamAMthI paNa maLI Ave che-AvyAM che-to (36) A vAta te goThavavI paDI lAgI che kemake tyAM paNa gabhIlavaMzI rAjAonI sattA jAmI hatI ema nahIM to manuSyane pazu tarIke kema batAvAya? (juo uparamAM puravAra thaze. ( juo AgaLa upara vikramacaritranuM vRttAMta) puravAra thA. TI. naM. 25) bAkI gardabha zabdanuM upanAma A vaMzane che A paNa tethI te sikkAne kaDaDIsIjhanA vaMzanA mAnI levAne paNa teyA mATe lagADayuM che te mATe AgaLa upara gaMdharvasenanA zuM kAraNuM maLe che? vRttAMte jue. (40) mRtazakaTikaH mRta mATI. ane kaTika =nAnuM gADuM: (37) A kaDIsIjhanA vaMzane koI paNa lekhake gardabha. mATInuM nAnuM gADuM athavA mATInA banAvelA gADA jevuM vaMza tarIke oLakhAvyuM che ke uddezya che, te draSTAMta A ramakaDuM (clay-cart); pachI saMskRta vyAkaraNanA niyama hata te, pitAnA kathanane jarUra samarthana maLata. mRcchakaTika zabda thaye che. (38) juo pu. 2. sikkA naM. 38, 39nuM varNana tathA (41) juo pR. 7 uparanuM lisTa tenuM citraH 5Ta naM. 2, ane 5. eTale A gadheyAM gardabhavaMzI (42) eTale lekhaka mahAzayanI gaNatrI kaDIsIjha pahelo rAjAnA TharyA kahevAze ane tene samaya I. sa. pU. nI ane bIjo, ema be vyakti kahevAno thAya che. temaNe pahelI sadIne kahI zakAze. . pitAne graMtha I. sa. 1920mAM mudrita karyo tyAre kadAca (39) ke kaDaDIsIjhane mulaka, paMjAba ane kAzmira che A be nAmaja haze. paraMtu have te kuzanavaMzanA ane tenA vaMzajone, uttarahiMdanA pAMcAla ane sUrasenavALA paNa ghaNAM nAmo maLI AvyAM che; temaja gada bhIlavaMzanA prata che. jyAre ahIM to mAtra pazcima bhArata mAMthI ja te paNa ghaNAM nAme maLI AvyAM che.) ..

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rAjAonAM nAma [ saptama khaMDa vaMzane madhya eziyAnI sukhAra jAtImAMthI utarI dhaNI banI beThe hovAthI, manmatta ane vyabhicArIAvelI prajA tarIke puravAra karIzuM. matalaba ke tukhAra paNe vicarate thayo hato. have pachI varNavavAnA tenA te taka prajAno varga che. jyAre tuAra te hiMdI kSatriyano vRttAMta uparathI jenI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. aMza che benI vacce koI jAtano kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI ] ahIM te tAtparya eTale ja grahaNa karavAne che 4pabaMgALa taraphanA keI kSatriya kuTuMbanA bhAI ke gardabhIla vaMzI rAjAo tuAra kSatriya jAtinA bahene jena dIkSA laI, vihAra karatAM karatAM bhavi tavyatAnA yoge avaMtimAM eka cAturmAsa karyuM hatuM? hatA. have ApaNe te vaMzanA pratyeka rAjavInuM jIvana temanAM dIkSita nAma kAlikasUrija ane sarasvatI vRttAMta lakhavA udyama karIzuM. hatAM. kAlikasUri vidvAna ane zAstra vizArada heI (1) paNa gadharvasena: gadharUpa yugapradhAnapadane pAmyA hatA. sAdhvI sarasvatI tenuM kharuM nAma darpaNa lAge che. paNa avaMtinI ati svarUpavAna ane lAvaNyamayI hatI. ekadA teNI gAdIe AvyA pachI gaMdharvasena nAma dhAraNa karyuM gocarI arthe bahAra nIkaLI hatI. tyAM rAjA gardalAge che. teNe kevI rIte avaMtinI gAdI prApta bhIlanI dRSTie paDI gaI. rAjA mohAMdha banI bhAna karI te vRttAMta uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale bhUla thaye ane sALIne rAjapurUSo mAraphata pakaDAvI punarUkti karavA jarUra nathI. je uparathI mAnavuM rahe che pitAnA aMtaHpuramAM haDaselI dIdhI. A julama ane ke te sAhasika vRttivALA temaja parAkramI hate. vaLI niMdya AcArathI prajAmAM hAhAkAra thaI rahyo. nagarateNe gardabha nAmanI vidyA sAdhI hatI. eTale jenee bahu bahu vinaMti karI rAjAne samajAvyo. taMtrajaMtramAM paNa pravINa haze ema samajAya che. A paNa koInuM kahyuM mAnyuM nahIM. chevaTe kAlikasUrie vidyAprAptine lIdhe tenuM nAma gadharUpa44 paDI gayuM pate paNa ArjavabharI prArthanA karIne sAvIne dekhAya che. temaja tenA vaMzanuM nAma paNa gardabhIla choDI devA marmamAM temaja khullI rIte samajAvyuM; paNa TharAvAyuM che. pite melI vidyAne sAdhaka hovAthI, rAjA jyAre eka TaLIne bIje naja thayo tyAre, temaja nAnA rAjyane svAmI maTI, meTA sAmrAjyano svadharma rakSaNArthe te prasaMgane Apad dharma mAnI laI teNe (43) A vidyAne prabhAva zuM hatuM te mATe juo chedaka)ne samaya I. sa. pU. 74 che. 5. 2 nI hakIkata. vadhAre spaSTa samajavA mATe pu. 3. pR. 107 tathA (44) gadheDA jevuM jenuM maha arthAta rUpa hoya te AgaLa ane khAsa karIne TI. naM. 5. pR. 107 juo. athavA gadheDAnA mahAM jevuM rUpa je dhAraNa karI zake te, (47) jaina sAhitya premAM temane samaya ma. saM. evA arthamAM A zabda vaparAte thaya lAge che. juo 400- 45 I. sa. pU. 127thI 74 Ape che. jyAre uparamAM TI. naM. 1 gardabhIlane samaya ApaNe I. sa. pU. 74 thI 64 gaNu (45) A AkhIye vArtAne prasaMga bahu rasika ane che. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, temaNe je sAdhuveza tyAga bedhaprada che. atra te mAtra ApaNuM khapogI ja hakIkta karyo ke yugapradhAnapada jatuM rahyuM gaNavuM. ane sAvIne utArI che. saMpUrNa vAMcavAnuM jene mana hoya teNe ja, pakaDavArUpa prasaMga paNa rAjA gAdIe AvatAne vAra cheDA che. e. je. e. sa. pu. 9 pR. 14thI 157 vAMcavA. samayamAM ja banyo haze. jayAre yuddha thavAno ane gabhIlane (46) A kAlikasUrI judA ane zuMgavaMzI rAjA baLamitra gAdI tyAga kare paDe che te I. sa. pU. 64mAM che; sthI bhAnumitranA mAmA je kAlikasUrI hatA te paNa judA. vaccenara daza varSa ke vadhato vakhata je lAgyo gaNAya baLamitravALA kAlikasUri no samaya i. sa. pU. 151ne che tene sAdhvInuM pakaDAvuM thayuM tyArathI mAMDIne rAjA hAryo tyAre A gabhIlavaMzanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanAra (gabhIle tyAMsudhIno samaya tarIke gaNu.

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prathama pariccheda ] sAdhuvezanA tyAga48 karI, gAMDA mANusanI mAphaka AkhA zaheramAM pharavA mAMDayuM. chatAM rAjAne sAna na AvI eTale prajAe paNa gAma khAlI karavA mAMDayuM. teNe te zaherane tyAga karyo tathA rAjAne peAtAnA kRtyanuM bhAna karAvavA ane ghaTatI zikSAe paheoMcADavAnA vicAra karI te dezATana mATe nIkaLI paDayeA. vATa vItADatA vItADatA rastA kApI siMdhu nadInI pelIpAranA zaka prajAnA dezamAM te pahoMcyA.50 tyAM ekAda varSa rahI, potAnI jyotiSazAstra Adi vidyAthI teNe leAkAne sArA cAha ane mamatA meLavI lIdhAM. prasaMga sAdhIne te zaka prajAnA aneka sAmaMtanepa1 meATI meTI jAgIra meLavI ApavAnuM vacana ApIne hiMdamAM teDI lAvyo. te sarve IrAnI akhAta ane siMdhu nadInA taTa pradeze thaI saurASTramAM prathama utaryA. tyAre cAmAsu AvI javAthI yuddha mATe nirUpayegI samaya jANI ati javAnuM mulatavI rAkhI saurASTramAM ceADA vakhata theAbhyA. te samaye temanIja zakatinA rAjA rUSabhadattanuMpUra zAsana A saurASTra upara cAlatuM hatuM. eTale tenA taraphathI paNa sArI rIte Azraya samaya tathA saMkhyA (48) uparanI TI, na'. 47 jue. (49) brue AgaLa upara dvitIyakhaDe TI, na, 9. (50) zA mATe ahIM gayA tenA kAraNa mATe AgaLa dvitIyakha'De TI. na. 17 tathA TI. na. 5. jue. (51) ja. IM. hi. kA. pu. 12. pR. 17 (lekhaka prA. sTena kAnA che.) I am inclined to agree with Mr. Jayaswal that the Sakas left Seistan during the reign of Mithradates II in consequence of the increasing pressure he was bringing on them: mitreDeTasa bIjAnA rAjaamale zaka prajA upara je uparAsAparI dakhANa karya javAtuM hatuM tethI teo zistAna cheDI gayA hatA, ema je mi. jAyasvAlanu' matathya che te sAthe hu` maLatA thavAnI IcchA dharAvuM chuM. [mArUM TippaNa--kAlikasUrinuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaina graMthAmAM ema lakhyuM che ke, je zaka saradArA pAse madada mATe te gacA hatA te saradArAmAM temanA zahenazAha taraphathI amuka prakAre mAMgu thatuM hatuM tyAre teoe peAtAnA putrane bhega ApavA mATe mAkalI devA paDatA hateA-A badhI hakIkata IrAnI 13 ane AzvAsana maLI rahyAM. tyArapachI rUtu sAnukULa thatAM, gujarAtadvArA arthAta upara tee hallA laI gayA. prathama teA rAA gardabhIla peAtAnA bAhubaLa upara mustAka banIne yuddhamAM sAmA utaryAM ane khUba jhajhumyA. paNa zaka prajAnAM zaurya ane tiraMdAjI13 tathA yuddhakaLAmAM nipuNatA joI aMte akaLAyeA. peAtAnI mUrkhAI najarA najara dekhavA lAgyA. paNu kare zuM ! lAcAra banI, zaheranA daravAjA baMdha karI dIdhA. ane amuka divase peAtAnI gardabhI vidyAnuM zaraNuM levAne nizcaya karyo. zaheranA daravAjA rAjAe baMdha karAvyAnA samAcAra zakasainikAe kAlikasUrine paheoMcADayA. eTale have pachI rAjAe ramavAnI gata tathA zakasainikA mAthe jhajhumI rahelA bhaya turata te samajI gayA. temaNe sarve saradArane pAse melAvIne jaNAvI dIdhuM ke, rAjA amuka divase vidyA sAdhaze ane sAdhanAnA aMte 'kaNunA avAja karaze. jethI te avAja tamArA kAne na pahoMce. mATe kAnamAM rU Adi padArtho nAMkhI zravaNa rUMdhana karavuM14 tathA jee tAra pheMkavAmAM ati nipuNu heAya tevA zahenazAha mitreDeTasa khInnanA samaye (I. sa. pU. 123thI 88=35 varSI: jue. pu. 3 pR. 145 uparanA kAMThA) khanI hAvAnI gaNavI rahe che.] rAka praznanA A saraNane trIjI gaNavuM (jue pR. 3mAM zaprAnI hakIkata.) je rAntane tyAM A kAlikasUrie Azraca lIdhA hatA tenu nAma sAdhanasiMha hatuM ane tene 'zakularAnta 'kahIne sakhAyA che. jainagraMthAmAM tene 'pArasakula rAjA' kahela che. (sarakhAve| pu. 3. pR. 294, 342. nI hakIkata). (52) e pu. 3 mAM tenA vRttAMte (53) A AkhIye zakaprajA (hiMdamAM temanAM traNa TAMLAM AnyAnu` nAMdhAyuM che) tira MdAjImAM niSNAta hatI te mATe jue pu. 3 mAM bhAnumitra vRttAMte pR. 110 ane bhUmaka vRttAMte pU. 184 thI AgaLanI hakIkata tathA tenI TIkAo, (54) ane bAkInA badhA lazkara, krATanI divAlathI eTale dUra jatA rahevuM ke tethI te bhU'kaNanA avAja kAne sabhaLAya nahIM; jo sa`bhaLAya tA sAMbhaLanAra maraNa pAme evI te vidyAnI zakti hatI. (sarakhAve. pU. 2 nI hakIkata)

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ga bhIla vaMzanA aMta 14 sainikAe ja mAtra killA upara caDI jaI, jevA rAjA bhUMkaNu karavAne pAtAnuM mhAM udhADe ke turatA turata ane uparA uparI evAM te bANu cheADavAM ke sarve tenA mhAMmAM ja AvIne sIdhA bhoMkAya15 tathA tenA jaththAthI evuM te mhAM bharI devuM ke pAcho avAja paNa bahAra nIkaLI na zake. A pramANenI saveLAnI cetavaNI maLI javAthI te bahu prasanna thayA ane kAlikasUrine AbhAra mAnatA temanI AjJAne zirAdhArya caDhAvI, TharAvela divase ane samaye killAnI rAMga upara caDhI taiyAra thaI beThA. tathA tIra kAmaThAM susajjita karI rAkhyAM. jevuM rAjA gardabhIle bhUMkaNa karavA mhAM udhADayuM ke satvara ane TapoTapa bhAthAmAMthI tIrA kADhI, jANe kema varasAda na varasatA hoya tema, kAmaThAM upara caDAvI caDAvIne kheDavAM ja mAMDayAM ane rAjAnuM mhAM bharI dIdhuM. dhAryA pramANe pariNAma AvyuM. rAjAe dInamukhA thaI sAme AvI salAhasamAdhAna mAMgyu. kAlikasUrine khIjuM te kAMI joItuM naheAtuM ja; temane vera vALAne kAMI khalA paNa levA nahAtA. eTale peAtAnI bahena sarasvatI sAdhvIne kRSikhAnethI cheDI devAnI prathamA prathama mAgaNI karI. pachI sarve zaka saradArAne je vacana ApIne atra sudhI laI AvyA hatA te pramANe vacana pALI meATI meATI temane jAgIrA ApI ane rAjA garda bhIlane jIvatA rAkhI peAtAnA putra parivAra sAthe deza tyAga karavAnuM saMbhaLAvI dIdhuM. A banAvanI tArIkha ma. sa. 463=I. sa. pU. 64 noMdhavI rahe che. (55) A kriyA teA najarathI karavAnI hoya che tene kAMi zravaNe driya sAthe sakha'dhana kahevAya. (sarakhAve| TI. naM. 54) [ sakSama khaMDa A pachI rAjA gardabhIlanuM zuM thayuM te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI.pa6 pazu tenA putroe57 dakSiNamAM japa te vakhatanA avaMtipati ariSTakarNane AzareA lIdheA hatA. A rAjA kAMIka parAkramI hatA temaja jainadharmI paNa hatA. eTale tyAM javAmAM gardabhIla putrone Azaya e hAI zake ke eka te svadharmAM rAnna che eTale Azraya paNa maLaze, temaja prasaMga paDaye jo avaMtimAM havenA rAjakartA zakarAjAe sAme mAthuM uMcakavuM paDaze, te temane hAMkI kADhavAmAM tathA pharIne avaMtinI gAdI hastagata karavAmAM tenI sahAya bahu madadarUpa nIvaDaze. temanI A gaNatrI pAchaLathI sAcI paNa paDI hatI je ApaNe AgaLa upara joIzuM. hAla teA avaMtinI gAdI upara zakaprajAnuM rAjya pravartatuM thaI cUkayuM che. mATe temane adhikAra kA cAlyA tA tenuM ja kAMIka digdarzana karAvavuM rahe che. tenA aMta tathA rAjya vistAra nahapAnA rAjyamAMnA aravallInI pazcimanA pradeza upara tathA saurAMSTramAM, rUSabhadattanI ANu jAmI hatI ane tApInI dakSiNanA mulaka upara aMtrapatinI sattA cAlatI hatI. athavA kadAca gAdAvarI nadInA mULavALA pradeza sudhI jo gardabhIlanI sattA hatI ema gaNavuM heya tA paNa te nAmazeSarUpa hatI ema ja lekhavuM raheze. eTale ema sAra rAjya mAtra avaMtinA pradeza rahyuM hatuM. nIkaLe che ke tenuM upara ja jaLavAI (57) viroSa putrA hatA ke kema te jaNAyuM nathI paNa kramamAM kama traNa tA hatA: AgaLa upara temanu vRttAMta Avaze. (56) eka rIte ema anumAna upara javAya che ke gAdityAga pachI te kAIka ajJAta sthAne rahyo haze ane (58) A vakhate aprapatinI ga!dInuM sthAna pratiSThAna tyAM (ju uparanI TI. naM. 7) sADAtraNa varSa bAda maraNapure naheAtuM; paNa nahapANanA jamAi rUSabhadatta sAthenA yuddhamAM pAmyA haro; tema thayuM heya te tenu maraN ma, sa'466= i. sa. pU. 61mAM thayuM lakhavuM rahe che. hArI javAthI temane varazuLanA pradezamAM rAjagAdI lai javI paDI hatI. eTale gabhIlaputra tyAM gayA hatA ema samajavuM,

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6 dvitIya pariccheda InTareganama---aMtardALa saMkSipta sArA-aMtarjhALa zabda je bhAvArthamAM vAparyo che tenI samajUti- zakaprajAnI khAsiyato tathA temaNe hiMda tarapha karelAM aneka saraNane ItihAsa-je saMjoga vacce temane hiMdamAM AvavAnuM nimaMtraNa thayuM hatuM tenuM varNana-A AmaMtraNa kevuM bhAre paDI gayuM hatuM teno TuMka khyAla-zakarAjAonI vaMzAvaLI tathA temanA adhikAra samayanuM varNana - zakAri vikramAditya tathA aMdhrapati zAta sAthe temaNe karelA yuddhane hevAla ane temAMthI nipajeluM pariNAma vidizA, lisA ane ujainI nagarInA zAsaka evA aneka vaMzI avaMtipationA samaye thaI rahela te nagarIone aitihAsika prabhAva tathA vikAsa-pupapura nagara keTalAM ane kyAM hoI zake tenuM kareluM pRthakkaraNa - jaina saMpradAyavALAo avaMtinA pradezane keTaluM mahatva ApI zake te mATe te sthAnanuM aitihAsika temaja sAhityika daSTie kareluM nirUpaNa

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16 inTareganamanAM InTareganama (InTaravacagALaeNne ane reganama= rAjyAbhiSeka ) eTale ke koI rAjA gAdIe bese kharA paraMtu vidhipUrvaka tenA artha, samaya tathA rAjyAbhiSeka na thAya tyAM sudhInA nAma kALane InTareganama kahI zakAya. AvA banAva anyAnuM je prAcIna samaye (jIe azokavardhana mauryanuM dRSTAMta ) noMdhAyuM che tema sAMpratakALe paNa banatuM ApaNe joie chIe (juo mAjI samrATA sAtamA eDavarDanA ane paMcamajyA nA tathA tatra bhavAna ApaNA vartamAna samrATa chaThThA jyorjanAM dRSTAMtA). A pramANenA AzayamAM InTareganama zabda meM vAparyAM nathI. paNa prAcInasamaye silAnamAM (jIe pu. r pR. 264 TI. naM. 71) ane vartamAnakALe adhdhAnistAnamAM pelA baMDakhAra baccAnA amala aMge keTalAka samaya je aMdhAdhUnI cAlI rahI hatI ane kema jANe rAjAnuM astitvaja na heAya tevI paristhiti vartI rahI hatI tevA bhAvArthamAM A zabda vaparAyeA che ema samajavuM. AvI sthitine samaya keTalAka graMthakAroe cAra varSanA jaNAvyA che. jyAre anyAe sAta sADAsAna varSanA paNa darzAvyeA che.2 A pAchalI hakIkata vizeSa vyAjabI jaNAya che. jo ke temaNe je nAmAvaLI noMdhI che te uparathI te| te samaya lagabhaga sADAATha varSa jeTalA paNa laMbAto dekhAya che. A aMdhAdhUnInA samaya daramyAna avaMti upara zakaprajAne| amala hatA. temaNe kevI aMdhAdhUnI calAvI hatI te AgaLa upara jovAze. paNa A prajA kayAMthI AvI ? temanuM Agamana zA kAraNe thavA pAmyuM ? vigere TUMka hakIkata, gata paricchede rAjA gaMdharvasenanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. teteA havAle ApIte atre eTaluMja jaNAvavAnuM ke, tyAM utArelI hakIkata [ sakSama khaMDa mukhyataH jaina sAhitya graMthanA AdhAre jaNAvelI samajavI. paNa vaidika AmnAyanA gargasaMhitA nAme jyotiSu vidyAnA jUnA pustakanA graMthanA cheDe yugapurANu nAmanA je adhyAya joDayeA che temAM paNa tathAsvarUpeja te hakIkata mAlUma paDe che. A pramANe banne svataMtra purAvA heAvAthI ApaNe te narA satya tarIkeja svIkAravI rahe che. vaLI A bAbata upara bibliethIkA inDikA (Bibliotheca Indica) nAme graMthAvaLImAM bRhatsaMhitAnA IMgrejI upeAdmAtamAM DaoN. kanai kAMIka ullekha karIne zeAdharasika purUSanuM dhyAna te tarapha khecyuM che. A uparathI prasiddha purAtattva vizArada paMDita jAyasvAlajIe paNa keTalAka prakAza pADI, dhI jaranala Ak dhI bihAra enDa erissA rIsarca sAsAiTI nAmaka sAmAyika patramAM 1928nA sapTeMbaranA aMkamAM IMgrejI anuvAda ane TIppaNa sAthe te chapAvyA che. eTale dareka rIte A prakaraNa have teA itihAsanA eka svIkArAyalA satya tattva jevuMja banI gayuM che. A zaka prajA jyAre have hiMda upara rAjaka* kAma tarIke jaNAI gaI che tyAre temane itihAsa vizeSapaNe ApaNe jANavAja rahe che. chaThThA khaMDamAM eka zaka prajAnuM varNana ApaNe karI gayA chIe. paNa tee rAjyasattA upara AvyA te pahelAM temane vasavATa hiMdamAM thaI gayA hatA tethI temane ApaNe hiMdI zaka-inDAsithiansa tarIke saMkheAdhyA cheH jyAre A prajA temanAja dezanI hatI kharI, eTale temane zaka tA kahevAyaja; paNa hiMdamAM temaNe rAjya karavA mAMDayuM te pUrve tAjetaramAMja caDhAI lai AvI te vijaya meLavyA hatA tethI temane te taphAvata darzAvavA ApaNe tene zaka-zahenazAhI zaka athavA IMgrejImAM Scythians, True Scythians sidhiansa tarIkeja oLakhAvIzuM (2) nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 bhAga 4, pR. 73ra TI, 104mAM jaNAvyuM che ke "mata vikalpAme eka mAnyatA caha (1) jIe pu. 1. pR. 202 TI. na. 37; tathA uparamAMthIki saptamakhaDe prathama paricchede TI, na, chanI hakIkata. vIra nirvANase 461 varSIka bAda 462me zaka rAjA utpanna huA" (A gaNatrIe 85 varSanA kALa thayeA kahevAze. vaLI sarakhAvA nIcenI TI. na. 3.) (3) nue uparanI TI. na. 2.

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dvitIya paricheda ] artha, samaya tathA nAma prathama temanI khAsiyate kAMIka aMze jANI laIe. rAjya IrAnanI hakumata AvI. te lagabhaga doDhathI be temanuM vatana zistAna gaNAya che ema jaNAvI gayA saikA sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. eTale A prajA pitAnI chIe. pUrvamAM te siMdhanI, pazcime pUrvanI keTalIka hiMdI khAsiyata bhUlI paNa gaI. A temanI khAsiyate IrAnanI ane uttare kSaharATa pramANe temanI saMskRtinA be prastAra thayA gaNI zakAya prajAnI sAthe nikaTa vyavahAramAM (1) siMdhupati udAyananA amala taLene (2) ane AvavAthI te traNe prajAnI rItabhAta ane AcAra bIje IrAnanI zahenazAhatane; (3) uparAMta, eka ToLuM vicAre temaNe pitAnAmAM utArI lIdhAM hatAM. prathamanA I. sa. pU. pAMcamI sadInI madhyamAM, raNa oLaMgIne sidha upara, jyAre udAyananuM svAmitva bahuja prabhAvavaMtu hiMdamAM vyApArArthe AvI caDayuM hatuM temaNe vartamAna nIvaDayuM hatuM tyAre tenI asara A zaka prajA upara jodhapura rAjyanI hadamAM eziyA nAmanI nagarI sauthI vizeSa paDI hatI. te eTale sudhI ke udAyananI vasAvI tyAM vasAhata banAvyuM. (juo pu. 3 pR. 386 prajAmAM pradhAnapaNe je jainadharma paLAto hato temAM nI vigata) (4) teTalAmAM vaLI temanA upara dUra A prajA ekadama saMlagna ane anurata-ekAkAra thaI dUrathI bIjI navIja hakumata utarI AvI; A gaI hatI. paNa jyArathI rAjA udAyane vRtta agikAra sattA pelA yavane bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhanI jANavI. karI jaina dIkSA lIdhI hatI ane pitAnA uttarAdhikArI che ke A sattA te mAtra 25-30 varSa ja TavA tarIke bhANejane gAdIe besAryo hato, temaja te navA pAmI hatI, paNa jyArathI tenA saradAra selyukasa rAjAe potAnA maMtrInI udhI salAhathI prajA upara nikeTare pitAnI putrIne magadhapati azokavardhanane julma tathA sattAno dora pADavA trAsa vartAvavA mAMDyo paraNAvI ane dAyajAmAM A mulaka ApI dIdho hatA tyArathI te te prajA trAsI gaI hatI. teTalAmAM (5) tyArathI te prajA vaLI AryAvartanA hiMdI rAjAnA adhurAmAM pUruM jyAre te ja rAjA udAyana, sAdhunA amala taLe AvI gaI. A amala paNa lagabhaga vezamAM pAcho potAnA pradezamAM, prajAnA temaja bhANeja piNI sadI sudhI samrATa azoka ane tenA patra rAjavInA kalyANa arthe upadeza ApavA utarI Avyo priyadarzinanA rAjyanA aMta sudhI laMbAyo hato. te hatA, tyAre te bhANeja rAjavIe temane satkAra karavAne bAda mauryavaMzanI sattA nabaLI paDI ane (6) te badale maMtrInI salAhathI AhAramAM viSa bheLavIne mulaka hamezane mATe ahidI rAjakartAnI mukhatyArImAM rAjaSine mArI nAMkhavAno prayatna karyo hato tyArathI cAlyo gayo. pachI te IrAnamAM zahenazAha migreDeTasanA A hiMdu rAjAnI paDatI thavA mAMDI hatI. ane thoDAja rAjyakALe thayela dabANane lIdhe temaja madhyadeza uparanA kALamAM te rAjA temaja pradeza, daivakepanA bhaMga thaI kSaharATa bhUmakanA samaye tenI rAjanItithI AkarSAIne pAyA hatA. jenA pariNAme tenuM rAjanagara daTAI je be nAnAM ToLAM hiMdamAM utarI AvyAM hatAM tenI gayuM ane vartamAna jesalamIranA moTA raNAne uddabhava ApaNe pu...348mAM noMdha lIdhI che. (7) tathA chevaTe thaye tathA purANatattvanA vizAradanA abhyAsanuM eka eka ToLAne hiMdamAM AvavAne prasaMga pAcho upasthita kAryakSetra ughaDayuM. A pramANe A mehanajADerAne pUrvabhUta thayo hato. A pramANe dekhItI rIte sAteka vakhataItihAsa pu. 1 pR. 225 thI AgaLamAM jaNAvavAmAM paNa vAstavika rIte traNa cAra vakhataja, mAtra cArathI Avyo paNa che. tyArabAda A mulaka upara pADosI pAMca sadImAM ja, temanA upara keTalIye rAjakartA sattAne (4) sidhadezamAM Avela mohanajADenAM je avaze hAlamAM purAtattva khAtAne maLatAM rahyAM che te uparathI A hakIkatanI satyatAnuM mApa kADhI zakAze. (5) ghaNuM karIne irAnI zahenazAhanA trAsathI kaMTALIne A hijarata thaI haze ema samajAya che.

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zaka prajAnuM rakSaNa [ saptama khaMDa adalabadale thaI gayo hato. jethI keTalAka aMzo je jainAcArya taka sAMdhI hatI; kemake e te dekhItuM ja jamAnAne anusarIne temanAmAM pravezavA joitA hatA thaI gayuM hatuM ke, zuMgavaMzI rAjyaamale rAjAmAM athavA kaho ke te pramANe temaNe sudharavuM joItuM hatuM tathA prajAmAM zrIlaMpaTapaNAne lIdhe atyaMta zithilAcAra tene badale teo emane ema rahI gayA hatA. eTale praveza thavA pAmyo hato. temAM kAMIka aMze nahapANanA zakasthAnamAM utarI AvyA pahelAM, eziyAI tuka amala daramyAna, (te temaja tenA jamAI rUSabhadattamAM stAnamAMnI temanI mULa khAsiyate je kUrapaNAnI, paNa zaka prajAne A saddaguNa taravarato hato ke je DhoracAravAnI, ghoDesvArInI, tiraMdAjInI I. I ke sudhAro thayo hato kharo. paNa gardabhIlavazanI hatI te emane ema jaLavAI rahI hatI. chatAM sattA thavA bAda, ane teno mULa sthApaka rAjA rAjakata kAma--prajAnA vahevAramAM paNa sAthe sAthe gaMdharvasena pote ja vyabhicArI hovAthI, pAchI tenA teo DAghaNa ghaDAtA jatA hatAja. te divaso ja prajAne te jovA rahyA hatA. temanAmAM jema keTalAka avaguNa ke durguNa hatA paNa pAchaLathI thayela anubhave bodhapATha Apyo tema keTalAka saddaguNo paNa hatA. sAdhAraNa rIte AvI che ke, A rakSaNa te prajAne bahu bhAre paDI gayuM hatuM. rIte ardhajaMgalI luMTArU ane DhoracArU prajAmAM strI kAraNa ke A zaka lekanA sAtathI cAritraya ane zIla mATe bahu sanmAna hoya che. jene A rakSaNa ane ATha varSanA rAjazAsanamAM IsAra ApaNe pu.pR.357mAM karI gayA chIe.te mujaba bhAre paDI gayuM temane ghaNuM ghaNuM zoSavuM paDayuM A prajAmAM paNa te naitika sadaguNa khIlela hate. hatuM. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa temanA jethI karIne ja A prajAnI madada levAne kAlikasUri julama sAme je vastImAMthI kaI mAthuM uMcakatuM te. (AgaLa ApaNane khabara ApavAmAM Avaze) nAme temane bAnamAM pakaDI laI jatAM tathA luMTaphATa karI, (6) A rakSaNa meLavavAmAM kAlikasUrie zakaprajAnA mAtra [saMbhava che ke upaniSada ane pratikArane samaya I. sa. A ekaja saddaguNano vicAra karyo hato ema nahIM. paNa 5. nI ATha thI dasamI sadI gaNAya che, tyAre cAritryazIanya muddA paNa vicAryA haze; jevA ke, temanA zauryane latAne bahaja mAna apAtuM haze. paNa te bAda jyAre buddhatathA jainadharma pratye temanA pakSapAtapaNAne; A traNe muddA deva ane mahAvIrane uddabhava thayo tenI pUrveja vedika madhyadezanI prajAmAM bhUmaka ane nahapANanA lagabhaga 80 matanuM 35 karI gayuM haze; ane temAM cAritranI avanatI varSa uparanA amalane lIdhe jANItA thaI gayA hatA. paNa thaI haze-sarakhA patriANAya sAdhUnAmU-saMbhavAmi | (sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 21) yugeyuge vALA lokanAM gaurava ane gAMbhiya.) (7) zuMgavaMzI rAjAo upara, pataMjalI mahAzayanA (8) zaka prajA, zIla ane cAsTicamAM kAMIka uccapada upadezanI temaja kanyavaMzI amAnI prabaLa asara hatI dharAvatI hatI ja. paNa teo avaMtinI jUnI vastInA te te nirvivAdita che ja. vaLI pataMjalI mahAzaya tathA saMsargamAM AvavAthI, saMgatiSanI vadhatA ochA aMze te kAnhAyana vaMzI pradhAne, upaniSada ane zratikAranAja anu- bhAga thaI paDI hatI. jenAM daSTAMta ApaNane AgaLa upara A yAyIo che. temaja A upaniSadakAronI janmabhUmi paNa gabhIlavazI rAjA bhartuharInA jIvana caritre vAMcavo paDaze. zakasthAna che: teja zakasthAnanI prajA-je A zaka prajA-jyAre (9) ja. . . . e. se. pu. 9 pR. 139 zrI maryAdAne athavA zIlane bhaMga ke anAdara thate sahana (ka. e. I. pR. 104) In fact the Jaina ChrokarI zakatI nahotI tyAre te ja upaniSadakAranA anuyAyI nicles give 17 years to a Saka rule at Ujjain pataMjalI mahAzaya vigere pitAnA samayamAM strIlaMpaTapaNuM from B. C. 57 to 74 when Satigani was je kAryathI prajAmAM praveza thAya tevAM pagalAM kema bharatAM Raja of PaithanakharI rIte I. sa.pU. 74 thI 57 thaI gayAM haze te aNuukelyuM ukhANuM ja gaNAze! sudhInA 17 varSanA gALAmAM ujaina upara zaka prajAnuM rAjya

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dvitIya pariccheda ] aMte bhAre paDI gayuM gAmaDAMne gAmaDAM, zaherane zahera ke pradezanA pradeza mahAbaLavAna aplATa thaze. jenI sAme kaI raNa ujajaDa karI detA hatA. ATalI TUMka mudatanA temanA mAMDI nahIM zake evo e rAtI AMkhane zaka, puSpapura12 rAjyavahIvaTamAM paNa prajA to trAhI trAhI pokArI uThI upara caDAI karaze. e nagare te AvI pahoMcatAM hatIH vidizA ane ujanIne Akho pradeza vastIhIna zahera khAlI thayeluM 3 joze. pachI te rAtI AMkhane banI gayo hato ane AvA jAmamAMthI koI rakta vastradhArI maleha allATa anAtha vastImAM tAraNahAra AvI maLe te ThIka evI varSARtunAM kala calAvI zahera ujADaze. e rIte te rAjA meghanI peThe hiMdI prajA rAha jotI divase gALI e zaheramAM cAturvaNyano 15 nAza karaze. pachI cAra rahI hatI. varSathI nIca keneja zaheramAM vasAvato chato rAtI ATalI TUMkI mudatamAM paNa A zaka prajAnA AMkhane 17 e aplATa ane enA bAMdhava nAza pAMca rAjAo thai gayA hatA. temanuM kAMI paNa pAmaze. tenA julmI amalane aMta AvatAM rahIsahI varNana ApaNI kalamathI lakhavA karatAM je varNana raiyatano 18 pachI gopALa19 evA nAmane zaka rAjA yugapurANamAM 10 ApeluM che te ja rasadAbavuM atre thaze. e gopALa eka varSa rAja bhogavI puSpaka utArIzuM jethI vAcakavargane tene saMpUrNa khyAla AvI sAthe laDatAM tenA hAthe mAryo jaze. pachI te adhama. zakaze. "e zake mAM jenI mUDI dhanuSa haze evo puSpaka nAmane 70 rAjA thaze. te paNa eka hatuM ema jaina tavArIkhamAM jaNAveluM che. ane te samaye (13) zaka prajA A nagaramAM dAkhala thaI tyAre paNa piThaNamAM zAtiganI rAjA hato (mAruM TIppaNa-zAtiganI nagara khAlI jevuM ja hatuM, kAraNa ke prajA hijarata karIne nahIM paNa zAtakaraNI rAjA hatA. A hakIkata aMdhruvaMzanA bahAra nIkaLI gaI hatI. ane thoDI ghaNu vasatI rahI hatI vRttAMtamAM pu. 5 mAM apAze. vaLI A 17 varSanA AMke je tenI kala calAvavAmAM AvI hatI. nIce TI. naM. 14 khIcaDe ubho karyo che te A ja pustakamAM vikama tathA gata parichede TI. na. 49 nI juo. saMvatasaranI hakIkata jaNAvavAmAM Avaze.) (14) uparanI TIkA naM. 13 juo. " (10) A viSaca gujarAtanA eka mahAna sAkSara zrI (15) eTale koI varNane bhedabhAva rAkhyA vinA sarva divAnabahAdara kezavalAla harSadabhAI dhruve vyAkhyAna rUpe hiMdI prajAno nAza karyo hato ema samajavuM. Apela che je guvakonA buddhiprakAzamAM pu. 76 pR. 88 (16) eTale potAnI jJAtinI zaka prajAne ke jemAM upara chapAyela che temAMthI udadhRta (juo tenuM pR. 90). kAMI varNa jevuM hatuM ja nahIM. (11) upara "temanI khAsiyate" vALe pArigrApha (17) A prajAnI, temAM paNa khAsa karIne alATanA sarakhA. svabhAvanI pichAna karAvI che. (12)mULa pustakamAM gAmanuM nAma khAlI hatuM paNa bhASAMtara (18) upara je naM. 13 mAM zaherane khAlI thayeluM kahyuM kAre magadha dezanuM pATaliputra nagara jANIne puSpapura nAma che, teno artha rAmajAvatAM ema jaNAve che ke, ghaDI ghaNI goThavI dIdhuM che. vaLI jyAM jyAM nagaranuM nAma A pAri- vastI bAkI hatI to kharI ja. grAphamAM AvyuM che tyAM tyAM te ja nAma darzAvAyuM che. bAkI tene (19) A bhale zaka prajAne rAjA che. paraMtu temanAmAM artha A pramANe karavAnuM che. khIlelA pukhethI je bharapura ApaNuM hiMdI jevAM nAme hatAM te batAve che ke temAM evuM zahera te puSpapura kahevAya. matalaba ke A nagaramAM Arya saMskRtinAM bIja hatAM ja. sarakhA naravAhana, rUSabhaghaNA bAgabagIcA, udyAna, vigere hatAM jema khIlelAM puSpo dara vigere nAme. manane AnaMda Ape che tema A zahera paNa vepAra udyogathI (20) pleccha ane yavananA taphAvata mATe juo pu. 3 khaleluM hoI manane AnaMda ApatuM hatuM e paNa bIjo pR. 146 TI. naM. 1. tAtparya e che ke, yuropI prajA nahIM artha thaI zake che. ahIM bane artha A nagarane lAgu tevAne athavA malIna icchAvALAne, lesTa; mala+IcchA=mala paDatA hatA, kahetAM malina che IcchA jemane te maleccha.

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'zaka rAjAe [ saptama khaMDa varasa rAja bhegavI mAryo jaze. pachI jenI sAthe ujajaDa haze. tyArathI puSpapura6 sUnuM raheze. ane koI paNa raNa mAMDI na zake evo ati ghaNo jenArane khAvA dhAze. bhaviSyamAM te kaI navIna baLavAna zarvila rAjA thaze te paNa traNa varSa pRthvI vaMzanA rAjAnI rAjadhAnI thaze e AziSa che?8." bhogavI mAryo jaze. te pachI brAhmaNonA devI zaka rAjAo vize vizeSa tarIke duniyAmAM jANato kaI badanAma rAjA thazeH yugapurANanA uparanA kathanathI temanI vaMzAvaLI enuM bhUMDuM rAjya traNa varSa pahoMcaze. pachI te dhanane A pramANe goThavI zakAya che. lebI, bhUMDAIno bharelo, pApI mahAbaLavAna zakapati, ma. sa. I. sa. pU. varSa kaliMgarAja zAtanI bhUmine bhUkhyo, kaliga deza (1) amlATa 463-463 64-63 0| para caDAI karI jIva kheze. ane bhAleDAMthI3 (2) gopALa28 463-464 63-63 0| saMgrAmamAM aMga vaDhAI jaI sarve ghIca adhama zAne (3) puSpaka 464-465 63-62 1 saMhAra vaLaze te niHsaMzaya che. pachI te zAntimAM (4) zarvila 465-467 62-60 rahe. uttama rAjA, pitAnI senAthI pRthvI hastagata karI (5) ajJAtaH 467-470 60-57 rAA dasamuM varSa jIvatAM maraNa pAmaze. sarva mahAbaLavAna banAma zaka rAjAe dhanalobhI haze. zaka rAjya uci75 thaze. tyAre [magadhanI] (avaMtinI jaIe) bhUmi varSa nA thI 7 (21) brAhmaNane dveSI eTale vaidika dharmamAM nahIM mAna- . 12. tathA nIcenA "apApA nagarI' vALA pArigrAphanI nAra te. A hakIkata paNa dekhADe che ke zaka prajAmAM jaina hakIkata. dharmanA aMzo hatA ja. pAchaLathI priyadarzine te pigyA khyA (27) navInavaMza eTale bIja vaMza, zaka prajAnuM rAjaya hatA ane tethI ja jainAcArya kAlikasUrie temane Azraya paNa paNa nahIM tema zAtavaMzanuM paNa nahIM. vaLI juo TI. na. 280 levAne lalacAvelA hatA (sarakhAvo upara prathama paricchede TI, naM. 50) tathA A parichede TI. naM. 6. (28) rAjadhAnI eTale rAjanagara. te zaheramAM navIna vaMzanA rAjAe pitAnI gAdI sthApaze. sarakhA "apApA (22) zatavahanavaMzI rAjAne TUMkamAM sAta paNa kahetA nagarI' vALo nIceno pArigrApha eTale ke je rAjA zaka prajAne (juo pu. 5 temanuM vRttAMta) ane zatakuLane je rAja nAza karaze te rAja potAnI gAdI tyAM sthApIne navInavaMza tene zAta kahevAya. ahIM tevA arthamAM vaparAya che. | vaLI A uparathI sAbita thAya che ke te samaye kaliMga calAvaze. deza aMdhrapati zatavahanavaMzI rAjAnA tAbAmAM hate. (29) A nAma saMskRta jevAM che. jyAre paMDita jAya svAlajI temane grIka saradAra sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM (23) koI jAtanuM zastra ke astra haze. vadhAre saMbhava (jIo ja. bI. e. pI. se. 1928 sapTebara aMka pR. astranuM che. tIranuM pAnuM. 142) jaNAve che. A upara bu. pra. pu. 76 pR. 100 (24) sarve aMdhrapati zatavahanamAM A rAjAnuM sthAna mAM di. ba. kezavalAla harSadabhAI dhruva sAhebe jaNAvyuM che ekadama UMcuM gayuM che. (sarakhA pu. 5 mAM tenuM vRttAMta): ke, emanAM saMskRta nAmathI jaNAya che ke siMdhu nadInA be vaLI A jIta meLavyA pachI te daza varSa ja jIvaMta rahyo che. bAjunA pradezamAM vasI hiMdI banI gayelA zakanA e ema paNa kahI dIdhuM. vaMzaja che. aMtadina (gaMgA yamunA vacceno) pradeza zakAe (25) ahIMthI zake ane hachinna thaI (sarakhA te vakhate jItI lIdhele jaNa nathI; (kahevAno matalaba gautamIputranI mAtA rANu baLazrInA zilAlekhanI hakIkata). ke. (1) A zakone InTelithiansa sAthe saMbaMdha hate. (20) puSpapurane nAza tathA tenI pAse ja koI bIjI naga- (2) tathA A zake uttara hiMdamAMthI Avela nathI temaja rInuM vasavuM thayuM hatuM ema samajavuM. sarakhA uparanI TI. temanI sAthe temane koI saMbaMdha paNa nathI. keTalAka vidvAne

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dvitIya pati ] uparanI hAramALAmAMnA aMtima rAjAnuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM tyAre eTale ke I. sa. pU. pachanA pahelA caraNumAM jaze, marahuma ga bhInna-gaMdharvasenanA je puvA dakSiNamAM AAzraya mATe cAlI gayA hatA? temaNe tyAMnA aMdhrapati ariSTakarNanI saMpUrNa sahAyatA laI zaMkapati-avaMti upara humalA lai javAnuM prayANu AvyuMkara, vacce narmadA nadInA taTa pradezamAM kArUla mukAme jabaradasta-bhISaNa saMgrAma jAgyA. A bhayaMkara ane khUnakhAra yuddhamAM zaka prajAnA mArakuTA vaLI gayA ane gabhIla kumAra vikramAdityane jaya thayA. vize vizeSa 1 teNe zaka prajAne saMhAra vAlyA te mATe havethI rAjAnuM birUda teNe prApta karyuM. temaja zakaprajJanA trAsathI luMTATanI nItirItithI tathA vAraMvAranI katleAmathI advaitanI pA eTalI badhI tene trAsI gai hatI, ke tevA asahya saMkaTamAMthI temane mukti apAvanAra A vikramAdityanA saMvatsaranA te yAdagAra jItanA smaraNu mATe te divasathI prAraMbha karI dIdhAja. eTale ApaNe paNa te divasane vikrama saMvatsara 1 nA prathama ni te tarIke jaSNuAvIzuM jethI ma. sa. 1547=I. sa. pU. 57=vi. saMvata 1 jANavA. A zapraznane uttara hiMdamAMthI AvelI mAne che te A uparathI vicAra karo. (31) tue prathama paricchede pU. 14. (32) keTalAka vidvAne A ghaDAInuM sthAna udepura - pAsenuM maMdasara gaNAve che. paNa te na heAI zake. te mAkhata AgaLa upara savasaranI carcA vALA paricchede jI. 5. jAcasvAlajI A amlATa vigerene grIka saradAronI sAthe ghaTAvavA Icche che. te banavA dvega nathI ema abhiprAya ApI pAtAnI dalIlamAM jaNAve che ke, (1) vAyupurANanA mate A rAjAAne mleccha kahyA che: temane cavana kalA nathI. jo te grIka deta to vAyupurANamAM temane vana rAbda vAparata (2) cavane parAkramI narA hatA jyAre zakA jaMgalI luMTArA hatA: mahAna alekajhaMDaranI peThe grIkavIrA sAmAM thanAra AryAyIonI, kala karatA hatA eTale arI temanu' parAkrama kalaMkita lekhAya. jyAre zakeA te katleAma (33) ke. hi. IM. pR. 533 (TI. naM. 1) These kings (Gardabhillas) appear to have been, according to the Puranas the successors of Andhras) (See Kali Age pp. 44-6, 72) from the account which represents Vikramaditya as having come to Ujjain from Pratisthanpur letAM vidvAna sa`sutAe (pa MDita jAyasvAlajIe) sUcavelI ekatA sabhavatI nathI. 5. jAyasvAlajI aslATanI Amyntas sAthe, geApAleA bhAmanI Apollophanes nI sAthe, puSpanI Penkelaos nI sAthe, nA dilanI jI. ilos nI sAthe ekatA dharAvavA mAge che. te kharAkhara nathI. [mArUM TIppaNa--ApaNe te cavana ane zaka prajA vaccenA prakRti guNa vaccenuM attaraja naNavuM rahe che ane khitA vijJAnA tarka bAMdhavAmAM kevI kevI ane kayAM sudhI kalpanA doDAvye jAya che te paNa nihALavuM rahe che.] calAvatA hatA ane dhananA dhA hatA, e badhuM dhyAnamAM=purANuM madhanA AdhAra pramANe A ga bIlavI rAta AMdhranI pachI gAdIe AvanAra gaNAya che: ane je pramANe temaNe varNana lakhyuM che te uparathI dekhAya che ke, vikramAditye pratiSThAnapurathI ujjaina tarapha Agamana karyuM haze. [mArU TIpaNuM-AMkanI pAchaLa gAdIe ApanAra nathI ja gAdInAM sthAnaja judAM che: paNa ApaNe je pramANe hakIkta AlekhI che te pramANe sa` vastusthiti hatI. kevA ThekANe vidvAnAe purAkAro ne samajavAmAM bhUla bAdhI The te ApAApa samajI zakAya tema che.] (3) eTale ke panI sAla beThAne traNeka mAsa thayA hatA ane pa6 ne nava mAsa bAkI hatA tyAre. sara kaniMgahAma, buka ek InDIyana Ika pustakanA pU. 8 mAM lakhe che ke, "The initial point of this (Vikramaritya's) era ought to be B. C. 57 or 56%0 instead of 56= vikrama saMvatasaranI AdinA samaya I. sa. pU. paDa athavA pAma tee, nahIM ke 56. (34) tu uparanI TIkA na. 30. (35) gaDha bhIlavazanA sthApakanA samaca ma. sa 453 gaNAvyA che; jyAre vikrama saMvatasaranI sthApanA 47 mAM gaNAvI che. eTale benI vaccenuM aMtara 17 varSanuM' che gabhIryazanA A mahattvapUrNa be banAva vaccenA aMtarane zIpa sapatasaranI gaNatrImAM kalIka guMcavA ubhI thavA pAmI che tenuM kAMika vana AgaLa savaMtasaranI carcAmAM ApavAmAM Avo.

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vidizA, bhillA [ saptama khaMDa A bAju vikramAdityanA hAthathI zakapati ajJAta- dazine tyAMja rAjagAdI karI, tyArathI te te ja keMdra badanAma rAjAe mAramAra-khAdhAthI tenI sAme banavA pAmyuM hatuM. te bAda uttarottara zuMgavaMzI rAjAo thavAnuM choDI dIdhuM. paNa tene evA vAvaDa maLyA hatA ke, tathA anya paradezI vasAhatanA bhUpatioe tenuM A badhAM kArasthAnanuM mULa to aMdhrapati ja che. teNe gaurava vadhArI mUkayuM hatuM eTale sudhI ke, rAjakAja je A kumArane madada na karI hota to tenI sivAyanAM eTale vidyAnAM tathA anya sAmAjIka ane pitAnI A phajetI thAta nahIM. eTale potAnA lekepayogI kAryomAM paNa te sthAnane ja agrapada apAtuM parAjayathI utpanna thayela krodhAgninA zAMtvana arthe te rahyuM hatuM. atyAre ApaNe zakaprajAnA ane gardabhIlayuddhanA sthAnathI parabAroja dakSiNa dizAe cAlyo, vaMzI rAjAonA amalanI vAto karI rahyA chIe. ane AMdhrapatinI pUMThe dhAyo. pitAnA upara zapatine te samaye tene aneka lIlI sUkI jovI paDI hatI. te dhasI Avate sAMbhaLI, aMdhrapati zAtarAjAe dAvapeca vAyupurANanA AdhAre uparanA prArigrAphe Apela AdaryA. teNe pAsenA koI jaMgalano Azraya lIdho hoya vaNanathI ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. eTale teNe ema mAruM dhAravuM thAya che. tyAM bane duzmanonA daLano mahattava prApta karavA mAMDayuM tyArathI te zakAri bheTo thatAM, yuddha maMDANuM ane yugapurANanA kahyA pramANe, vikramAditye tene rAjagAdI banAvI, tyAMsudhInI tenI ariSTakarNanA keIka sainike phekelA bhAleDAnI tINa caDatI paDatI ane jAherajalAlInuM kAMIka citra jANuM dhArathI kapatinuM maraNa nIpajyuM. A banAva levAnI jarUra che. mane je jaNAyuM che teja raju karIza. pachI eTale i. sa. pU. 56o pachI zAtakaraNI rAjA keTaluMka varNana pu. 1 ane pu. ramAM apAI gayuM che. daza varSa jIvIne I.sa. pU. 46-47mAM maraNa pAmyo che. temAMthI je bInAonuM smaraNa atra karAvavuM paDe che te ahIM AgaLa zaka rAjyanI samApti ane nIce pramANe jANavIHgaIbhIlavazanI punaHsthApanA thaI kahevAze. eTale ke (1) avaMtinuM eka nAma vizALAnagarI tema Inter-regnum nA kALano aMta Ave che. jethI bIjuM puSpapuraka paNa hatuM. vikramAdityAdi gadaMbhIlavaMzI anya bhUpationuM varNana (2) avaMtinA pradezanA be bhAga pADavAmAM ApavuM paDaze. paNa te pahelAM ujenI-avaMtinagarIne AvyA hatA. pUrvabhAganI rAjadhAnI vidizA urphe keTaluMka viziSTa varNana je tAravI zakAya che te bhillA hatI ane pazcimanI ujainI-avaMti hatI. atre ApIzuM. (3) vidizAmAM caMdragupta rAjamahela baMdhAvI vasavA vartamAnakALe sarva pravRttionAM aneka kendromAMthI mAMDayuM hatuM. te bAda azakavardhane potAnI sUbAgirinA jema laMDana zahera sArI duniyAmAM sarvanuM dhyAna prathama kALa daramyAna tyAMnA vaizya dhanavAnanI putrI sAthe darajaje kheMce che. tema pUrva samaye lagna karyuM hatuM. vidizA, bhilasA magadhadezanI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI (4) A vidizAnA eka bhAgane besanagara kahevAtuM ane ujenI ane pATaliputra keMdra banyAM hatuM. bemAMthI kayo bhAga pahele vasyo te jaNAyuM nathI. hatAM. paNa pAchaLamAM jyArathI (5) vidizA nagarIvALA pradezonA amuka bhAgane caMdragupta maurya avaMtine paNa mahattva ApI varSane sAMcI nAma apAyuM hatuM ane te pradezane jainadharma thoDo bhAga tyAM rahevA mAMDayuM tathA samrATa priya- sAthe mahatvane saMbaMdha che. (36) rANIzrI baLazrIe potAnA pautra gautamIputranI ApavAnuM rahe che. prazasti gAto nAzikano je zilAlekha katarA che tenI (3) AnA khulAsA mATe nIcenuM hakIkata sAthe sarakhAvo, A vRttAMta ApaNe pu. 5 mAM 48 juo, TI. naM.

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dvitIya paricheda ] ane ujanI 23 A pAMce binA avaMti pradezanI-eka yA bIjA te nIcenA svataMtra pirAmAM AlekhIzuM eTale ahIM to bhAganI rAjadhAnI vizenAM sthAna ane prabhAva vizene kevaLa bhAratIya itihAsanI daSTie ja vivecana karIzuM. lagatI che. eTale darekane zrI na pADatAM samagrapaNeja azakavardhana jyAre avaMtinA sUbApade hato, tyAre varNana karIzuM. teNe vidizA nagarInA eka mahA dhanADhaya vaNikanI puSpapura nAma sAMbhaLatAMveMta prathama smaraNuM magadhanI putrI vere lagna karyuM hatuM ke je rANIne peTe kumAra rAjadhAnI pATaliputranuM ja vartamAnakALanA abhyAsakane kuNAlane janma thayo hato vigere vigere. A sarva thAya che. ane tethI ja divAna bahAdure te nAma AgaLa jANItI binA che. 39 tema rAjA caMdragupta tyAM rAja dharI dIdhuM che. bAkI to temaNeja vAyu purANamAMnA mahela baMdhAvyA hatA. tyAM sUtAM sUtAM ekadA tene upara Takela phakarAthI have spaSTa thAya che ke ujainIne aneka svapanonI hAramALA khaDI thaI hatI.40 A paNa prAcInakALe te nAmathI saMbodhAtI hatI. vaLI hakIkatathI spaSTa thAya che ke caMdraguptanA samaya pahelAM- A avaMti pradezane jaina saMpradAyano eka ati thoDA kALe ke dIrdhakALe te vAta alaga rAkhIe-te mahattvano bhAga gaNavAmAM Avyo che. eTale samajAya samRddhivALI eka mahAna nagarI to hatI ja. vaLI che ke, puSpapura nAma sAthe (pachI magadhanuM hoya ke caMdraguptanA samaya pUrve ane caMDapradyotanA rAjaamale. avaMtina hoya)--sthAna parave-kAMIka jainadharmanI vasUpati rAjA udayanane amuka kAraNe je vera e viziSTatA saMyukta thayelI che. Ano purAvo pupapura caMDanI vacce baMdhAyuM hatuM tenA vAraNa mATe tene pitAnI eTale vartamAnakALanuM pezAvara-takSilAnagarIvALA rAjadhAnI vATaNa-kauzAMbIthI avaMti nagarInA pradezanA ItihAsa uparathI (juo pu.3.5.2 65-282 mArgamAM AvatAM jaMgalamAM hastikhelananI krIDA karato tenA pariziSTanuM varNana)-ApaNane jaDato rahe che. vaLI tathA caMDapradyotanI rAjakumArI vAsavadattAnuM haraNa ujainInuM nAma vizALA nagarI paNa kahevAyuM che paNa karI jato paNa ApaNe vAMcI gayA chIe. 41 eTale vizALAnagarI te jainadharmanA tIrthakara zrI mahAvIranuM tAtparya ema thayuM ke, caMDanA jIvaMta kALa sudhI avaMti janmasthAna che. eTale A badhI vastusthitine paraspara ane kauzAMbI vacce moTuM ane gIca koI jaMgalakara saMbaMdha je joDIe to ema garbhita sAra nIkaLe che AvI rahyuM hatuM ane tenI gIcatAne lIdhe hasti ke, A be nAma sAthe-puSpapura ane vizALA sAthe- jevA moTA pazuo sAthe krIDA karavAmAM sukha sagavaDatA saina dharmanAM sthAna tarIke pakSapAta joDAyela che. jethI paNa jaLavAte te be nAmane vizeSanAme na gaNatAM, vyutpatti pramANe38 527mAM maraNa nIpajyuM te bAda keTalAka kALapayeta te tene artha besArI vizeSaNarUpamAM, temane sAmAnya vaMzanI sattA te pradeza upara rahI hatI. paraMtu I. sa. pU. nagarInAM nAme samajIe te paNa vAstavika lekhAze. A 467mAM tyAM magadhapati naMdivardhana pahelAnI43 ANa sthAnanuM te dharmanI daSTie vizeSa kayuM mahattva chepravartatI thaI. A samaye te sthAnanI kevI dazA hatI (38) puSpapuranA artha mATe uparanI TI. na. 12 rIte jANItI che. tema AnuM TUMka varNana pu. 1 mAM juo: jyAre vizALI nagarInA artha mATe pu. 1, pR. vatsapati udayana ane protanavaMzI caMDanA vRttAMtamAM paNa 182 juo. apAyuM che. te juo. (39) jue pu. 2 mAM azokanuM vRttAMta. (42) sarakhA pu. 1. pR. 212 TI. naM. 50mAM TAMkelI (40) A hakIkata mATe pu. 2 mAM rAjA caMdraguptanuM kaDI 'saMdha caturvidha sthApavA, mahasena vana Ayo." varNana juo. (43) juo 1, pR. 217 tathA teja pustake maMdi(41) A hakIkata itihAsanA abhyAsIone sArI vardhananA vRttAMtanI hakIkta.

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vidizA, bhillA [ saptama khaMDa te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paNa eTaluM te cokkasaja uttara samrATonA rAjyakALe vidizAnagarI pUrabahAramAM che ke I. sa. pU. 527 paryata che te sthAne jaMgala khIlI nIkaLI hatI. temanI rAjagAdI paNa te nagara jevuM ja hatuM. tema I. sa. pU.37ra athavA te arasAmAM hatI; ane tethIja mauryavaMza pachI avaMtipati bananAra guptanA samaye te sthAne moTuM vistAravALuM ane zaMgavaMzI samrATanuM rAjanagara te vidizAne gaNavAmAM aneka zAha sodAgarathI dhamadhamI raheluM vyApAra kheDatuM AvyuM che. eTale ke. hi InA lekhake je jaNAvyuM eka nagara AvI rahyuM hatuM. eTale puravAra thayuM ke che ke: "Agnimitra, the ruler of Vidisha= 527-37=155 varSa jeTalA gALAmAMja A sthAna vidizAne rAjakta agnimitra" hatA te taddana upara te nagarIne ugama thayo he joIe. A satya hakIkata che. ahIM eka saMzaya ubho thAya che. Dhaso varSanA gALAmAM tyArathI I. sa. pU. 467thI zuMgavaMzI samrATo vaidika hoIne jainadharmI menA mAMDIne 37ra sudhInA 95 varSa daramyAna jyAM sudhI dharmaSI hatA. tethI pUrvanuM je kAMI hatuM te A te upara magadhapati naMdavaMzIono rAjasurya tapato zuM vazIoe bhAMgI teDI nAkhavAja mAMDayuM hatuM. hato tyAM sudhI te, te rAjAone eTalI badhI paDI eTale je temaNe vidizAnI paNa teja dazA karI naja hoya ke potAnI rAjadhAnI pATaliputrane mUkI nAMkhI hoya te temanuM pATanagara ujenImAM hatuM ema daIne tenI ja barAbara spardhAmAM utare tevuM -bakke tethI samajavuM; ane tenuM nAmaja vAyupurANamAM sUcavAyeluM caDI jAya tevuM kaI bIjuM nagara vasAve ane tene puSpapura samajavuM.paNa pu. 3 pR. 79 TI.48mAM jaNAvyA khIlave. tema banavuM asaMbhavita che. eTale samajavuM rahe pramANe sthiti jo banI rahI hoya te, A che ke te 95 varSanA gALAmAM te meTA nagaranI vidizAnuM ja bIjuM nAma puSpapura samajavuM. ane utpatti thaI nahIMja hoyaH paNa i. sa. pU. parathI samrATa agnimitranI rAjagAdI paNa tyAMja samajavI. 467 sudhInA 60 varSanA gALAmAM eTale ke jyAM sudhI paraMtu vaLI jyAre samrATa agnimitra ne pupapura lUMTIne te pradeza upara pradyotavaMzI rAjAono amala ha4 khedAnamedAna karI nAMkhe vAMcIe chIe tyAre A tyAMsudhImAMja kadAca te nagarI vasI jaIne pUrabahAramAM vidizA-puSpapura-noja nAza teNe karI nAMkhyo hoya khIlavA pAmI hoya. AnuM anusaMdhAna ApaNane nIcenA ema ghaDIbhara kalpavuM rahe che. chatAM sAthe sAthe tenA pArAmAM maLI zake che. atre te eTaluM ja mAtra vinAzanuM kAraNa jyAre suvarNatUpanuM 47 dharavAmAM jaNAvIzuM ke I. sa. pU. para7nA aMtabhAge je rAtrInA Ave che, tathA sena nadIne ane varSo thavAne tathA rAjA caMDanuM maraNa thayuM hatuM teja rAtrInA jainadharmanA zaherane nAza pAmavAne-evA sAphasApha zabdomAM chelA tIrthakara zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa thayuM hatuM ema karAyelA ullekhano-vicAra karIe chIe, tyAre te itihAse45 noMdha laI rAkhI che. ane ema paNa puSpapura te pATaliputra ja hovuM joIe ema nakkI banavAjoga che ke A banAva pachI thoDA samayamAM ja karAya che. ane tema TharAvAya te, pachI puSpapura eTale te nagaranI sthApanA thaI hoya. | vidizA ane tenA ja rAjA samrATa agnimitra hato. eTaluM te sAbita thaIja gayuM che ke, mairyavaMzI eTale darajaje vAta khIle baMdhAI jatI gaNAze. vaLI . (44) juo pu. 1mAM avaMti dezanA itihAsanuM vRttAMta. (47) naMdarAjAe sUvarNastupa pATaliputramAM ubhA (45) juo pu. 1. pR. 202 upara TakelA traNa - karAvyAnuM hajI jaNAyuM che. paNa vidizA pAse tema thayAnuM kane bhAvArtha. kyAMya nedhAyuM nathI, tyAM stUpo che ane hatA paNa kharA, (46) jue pu. 3, pR. 93, TI. na. 38 ke. hi. chatAM kaImAM dravya saMgraha thayAnuM ke karAyAnuM jANavAmAM I. pR. 271 nuM avataraNa. AvyuM nathI.

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dvitIya paricheda ] artha, samaya tathA nAma agnimitrane zuMgavaMza khatama thatAM nahapANe paNa te ja thayAnuM lekhavuM ucita manAze. eTale gaIbhIla sthAne gAdI karela. tema gaIbhIle paNa te ja sthAnane gaMdharvasenanI rAjagAdI ane zaka prajAe karela nagarIne mahattva Apela. vaLI zaka prajAe AvIne gardabhIlane nAza, te banne banAva vidizAne lAgu paDatA ja harAvyo tyAre nagarane je khAlI joyuM hatuM ema gaNavA paDaze. vAyupurANanuM lakhavuM thAya che te A vidizAnagarI A pramANe vidizAnuM sthApana thavuM I. sa. pU. gaNavI. eTale gardabhIlanA jorajulamathI prajAe je para7nA arasAmAM ane tene nAza-vinAza nahIM hijarata karelI te paNa vidizAnagarIne ja tyAga paNa ujajaDa banavApaNuM) I. sa. pU. 57mAM gaNatAM hate ema lakhavuM. pachI hijarate gayelI prajAne tenI jAhojalAlIne kALa sADIcAraso varasane gaNaze. vidizAno tyAga karIne pAsenuM ja besanagara vasAvatI uparamAM jaNAvyuM che ke puSpapurane jainadharma lekhavI ke ujainI nagarIe jatI gaNavI, te nirALo sAthe pakSapAta che. te praznane vicAra karIne A prazna che. temaja zakAri vikramAditye potAnI rAjadhAnI paricacheda pure karyA bAda A tarIke je nagaranI jamAvaTa karI che, te mULa nagara puSpapura jaina pArAnI hakIkata bhale jenasaMpradAyaujjainanA sthAnanuM samajavuM. AkhI carcAne sAra e dRSTie vALAne vizeSa upayogI che, chatAM thayo ke, mauryavaMzanI, zaMgavaMzanI ane chevaTe nahapANanI bhAratIya ItihAsanA abhyAsIne, koI vastunA rAjadhAnI vidizAmAM ja hatI ane tenuM ja bIjuM paricayathI anabhinna rahevuM na hoya, to temane paNa nAma puSpapura hatuMja8. pachI gardabhIlanA tathA zaka temAMthI kAMIka jANavAnuM te maLI rahezeja. prajAnA samaye kayAM gAdI hatI te nakkI thatuM nathI. samrATa priyadarzinanA varNane darzAvI gayA chIe ke kadAca vidizAmAM paNa te heya athavA ujainImAM paNa teNe pitAnA dharmanA pracAra mATe aneka prakAranI hoya. bemAMthI game te sthAne hoya to paNa eka nagarI janAo ghaDIne amalamAM mUkI hatI; jemake pitAnA te samaye bhAMgI che ane bIjI tejavaMta banI che dharmanA pravartaka gaNAya tevA tIrthakaronI nirvANa bhUminA eTaluM nakkI che. chatAM vikramAditye unIne samRddha sthAnepara (1) meTA khaDakalekho53; potAnA kuTuMbIo banAvI che te hakIkata vicAratAM, te vidizAne ja nAza vigeranA svargasthAna jagyAe (2) nAnA khaDakalekhe; (48) upara TI, na. 37 mAM ApaNe ujainInuM nAma aSTApada, giranAra, caMpApurI ane pAvApurI (juo pu. 1 puSpapura lakhyuM che. paNa te vyutpattinA arthamAM sAmAnya pR. 77 TI. naM. 13 tathA tene artha) A sthAne te nAma tarIke lekhavuM. vizeSa nAma tarIke nahIM. samaye dhaulI-jAgaDA, kAlsi, junAgaDha ane rUpanAtha tarIke (49) nIcenI TI. naM. 50 juo. anukrame oLakhAvAyAM che. AmAMnA keTaleka ThekANe khaDaka te (50) bIjI bAju ema vicAra thAya che ke, A zaka nAnA kadanA che, paNa tenuM mahatva vadhAre che, te sUcavavA prajA kAlikasUrinA AbhAramAM hatI ane vidizA te kAlika- samrATa pri carine potAnI sahI tarIke potAnuM sAMketika sUrinA dharmanuM sthAna che tema zaka prajA pite paNa teja cinha je hasti che (juo pu. 2 priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta) te dharma upara prema dharAve che. eTale vidizAno nAza te prajA kotarAvyo che, uparanA pAMca sthAnomAMnuM je chelle pAvApurI jANI joIne na ja kare, jethI gaIbhIla vaMzanI rAjagAdI che, te sthAna haju zodhI kaDhAyuM nathI. paNa AgaLa jatAM urjanamAM mAnya rAkhavI paDe che. (juo pR. 28) meM anumAna bAMdhI batAvyo che ke te (51) sarakhA nIce TI. naM. 61, sthAna vidizA-bhillA-sAMcI vALo pradeza ja che. hAla to (52) moTA eTale moTA kadanA nahIM paNa mahattvanI te anumAna ja rahevAnuM che. paNa saMzodhanakhAtAne priyadaSTie meTAH sarakhA nIcenI TIkA 53. dazine ketarAvela khaDakalekha che hAthInA cinha sAthe maLI (53) tIrthakaranA nirvANusthAna pAMca che. sametazikhara, Ave che te mAruM anumAna eka satya sthiti sUcavate

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26 puSpapura zAsana upakArI carama tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIrane upasarvAM nAthA hatA tevA sthAne (3) staMbhalekhA; (4) peAtAne upakArI thayelA heAya tevA pUjya munivarA mATenA sthAna sUcaka kAusagga avasthAmAM temanI pracaMDakAya mUrti (5) tathA anyarIte tIrthadhAma gaNAtA sthAna upara54 TApsa-baTAkAra meTAM caNatara kAmA ubhAM karAvyAM che. A pAMca prakAranAM smArakAmAMthI, vidizA nagarIvALA pradezamAM mAtra chellA prakAra ja najare paDe che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke te sthAna krASTaka rIte tIrthadhAmanI gaNunAmAM mUkI zakAya tevI kATInuM haze; A eka sthiti thaI. khIjI bAju, tevAja eka gaMjAvara TApa madhya prAMtanA jabalapuranA IzAnakhUNe, kaTanI ane satanA zaherAnI pAse nAgADagItama drabhUti Adi agiyAra vidvAneAne temanA 4400 rAjye bhArahuta nAmanA gAmaDA pAse najare paDe che, je ziSyA sahita jaina dIkSA ApI hatI ane te mukhya sthAna asalamAM vasaMdezanI hadamAM AveluM che; jene vidvA-11ne potAnA ziSya banAvI gaNadhara pade sthApyA nAe "bhArahata TApa" nAma ApyuM che. eTale kalpanA hatA; eTale / gaNadhara svAsnAnuM sthaLa apApA nagarI karavI rahe che ke, A banne-avaMtideza ane vatsadezanA hatuM. te bAda aneka dezavideza pAte vicarIne chevaTanA TApAnuM mahAtmya eka ja prakAranuM haraze. vaLI A banne ce|mAse apApA nagarImAM ja sthiratA karI hatI ane TApanAM sthAna vaccenA aMtaranA aMdAja kADho te| tyAMja nirvANu pAmyA hatA. Azare aDhIsAeka mAila thAya che. A eka vastusthiti. vaLI zrI mahAvIranA jIvana caritra uparathI samajAya che ke, dIkSA lIdhA pachI bAramuM comAsuM saMpUrNa thayA bAda lagabhaga cha mAse temane kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM che; ane khAramuM ceAmAsuM kauzAMbIe karyuM hatuM tathA te pachInA chae mAsa tenI AsapAsanA pradezamAM pArka| nirNaya ja thai jAya. sa`zeAdhana khAtuM A dIzAe prayatna Adare eTalI khAsa prAnA che. (54) uparanA cAre prakAranAM smAraka cinhA ubhAM karavAnAM kAraNa vizenI carcA pu. 2 mAM priyadarzinanA vRttAMte karI che. paNa A pAMcamI kRti vIze spaSTapaNe carcA karI nathI. tenuM varNana priyadarzinanA svataMtra jIvana vRttAMtanA pustake ApavAnuM che. ahIM tenuM kAraNa jaNAvI dauM chuM bAkI carcA te uparanA pustake ja lakhAze. (55) dADhasA gAu jo ke graMthAmAM lakhAyuM che, paNa gAunuM mApa vidhavidha rIte gaNAya che. kAIka 1 gAI = [ saptama khaMDa gALyA hatA; jemAMnA traNeka mAsa gALyAbAda kAnamAM khIlA ThAkAvAnA ane ku. caMdanabALAe aDamanA pAraNe aDadanA bAkuLA vaheArAvyAnA prasaMga thayA hatA. eTale ema sAbita thAya che ke, temane kaivalyajJAna utpanna cayAnI bhUmi-jene jainanI paribhASAmAM kaivalya kalyANaka kahevAya che te, A kauzAMkhInI AsapAsanA pradezamAM ja DhAvuM joie; A pramANe khIjI vastusthiti. vaLI zrI mahAvIranA jIvana caritrathI khulle che ke, kaivalya utpanna thatAM ja55 temaNe svAcAra pramANe dezanA dIdhI hatI. paNa te aphaLa thaI hatI. eTale rAteArAta vihAra karIne lagabhaga doDhase| gAunA vihAra karIne apApA nAmanI nagarIe peAte padhAryAM hatA. tyAM avaMti pradeza sAthe jainadhama nA mahimA saMkaLAyela che ane temAMya, vidizA ane sAMcIvALA bhAgamAM aneka TApA-sArI temaja bismAra hAlatamAM AvelA najare paDe che. A TApAnAM smArakA tIrthadhAmanA sthAna tarIke ubhAM karAvavAnuM ApaNe joI gayA chIe. vaLI A sthaLe Avela aneka6 TApAmAM sAcavI !! mAIla, 1 gAu = 2 mAila lekhe che. paNa ApaNe ahIM aDhIsA traNase mAIlanI vaccenA kacAsa laizuM. kAi zaMkA kare ke eka rAtrImAM zuM AvaDu' cAlI zakAya ? ane te paNa rAtrInA samaye ? vaLI rAtrInA sAdhuthI vihAra thAya kharo ? A traNe cakArUpI praznanA javAbamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke kevaLajJAna prApta thayA pachI te jIvane anaMta zaktie khIle che temaja tIrthaMkaro ane kevaLIene kalpAtIta kahevAya che eTale ke teone kAI AcArane pratibaMdha ja hAtA nathI. jethI tevI traNamAMthI eke zaMkAne sthAna rahetuM nathI. (56) A vistAramAM Avela nAnA meATA TrApanI

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dvitIya pariccheda ] jainadaSTie rakhAyelA kaDake uparanA lekhamAM, je je mahAtmA- vastusthiti e che ke, eka lekha mauryavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta onAM temAM avazeSo saMgrahita thayela che temanAM ane bIjo lekha aMdhrapati kaIka zAtakaraNIe ketagAtronAM nAme aMkita karelAM che.57 tevAM gotrone rAvela che. pahelAnI matalaba, te Topa upara dIpamALA je abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to jaNAze ke, zrI pragaTa karavAnA59 kharcane pahoMcI vaLavA mATe cAlIsa mahAvIranI pATa paraMparAe thayelA aneka AcAryonAM hajAra rUpIAne dAnanI che.60 tema nirdiSTa zAtakaraNI gotranAM te nAmo dekhAya che. khAsa karIne eka Topa kayo che te temAM jaNAvyuM nathIja paNa ApaNane itihAsa upara 'mahAkApa" zabda lakhAyela che. te Tepa kadamAM zIkhave che ke, te vaMzanA aneka rAjavIo jenadharmI sauthI moTo che tema tene "siddhakAsthAna' tarIke hatA. bAkI caMdragupta maurya te jenadhamIMja hatA. eTaluM ja leke oLakhatA AvyA che.pa8 matalaba ke, A nahIM paNa teNe pitAnI uttarAvasthAmAM rAjakAjano TApovALA pradeza jaina saMpradAyanA tIrthadhAmano che. temAM tyAga karIne jaina sAdhutva aMgIkAra karyuM hatuM.' aneka mahAtmAonAM avazeSo temanAM gAtronI takhtI matalaba ke amuka Topa upara kotarAyela lekhathI sAthe sacavAyelAM najare paDe che. AvAM gAtrovALA spaSTapaNe sAbita thAya che ke te jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha mahAmA zrI mahAvIranI pATaparaMparAe thayela dharAvatA amuka banAvo sUcavatI sthitinAM smArakasthAne mAlUma paDe che. vaLI temAM eka viziSTa kadano ane che. A pramANe pAMcamI vastusthiti. , viziSTa datakathA dharAvato paNa Topa che. A pramANe chaThThI ane chellI vastusthitimAM ema samajAcothI vastusthiti. vavAnuM ke, jema caMdragupta dIpamALAnI agatyatA uparAMta sarvane Takkara mAre tevI eka pAMcamI pIchANa tene kAyamIrUpa ApavA rAja taraphathI uttejana bhAjapura saMkhyA nIce pramANe nakkI karavAmAM AvI che (juo mahAmegalAsa gatiputa bhiksa Tepsa kaniMga hAma kRta) bhejapura haritiputa moTA nAnA upahitakasa adevasa sAMcI (58) A AkhIe vastusthiti samajavI hoya temaNe satadhAra sara kaniMgahAma kRta dhI bhilsA Topsa nAmanuM pustaka vAMcI senArI javA vinaMti che. aMdhera thI vadhAre 2 20 || [mArUM TIppaNa: A badhA lekhene tathA gotrano karyo ke artha ghaTAvI zakAya tema che. tene patto mArA taraphanI ATalI - - sUcanAnA AdhAre utsAhI vAcaka lagAvI zakaze. chatAM te 20 48 viSaya ahIM na hovAthI samrATa priyadarzinanA jIvananuM je thI vadhAre (57) temAMnA keTalAMka gAtronAM nAmo A nIce 05 svataMtra pustaka huM lakhavAno chuM temAM tenI carcA karavAmAM Avaze.] utAre chuM. (59) nIce jaNAvelI vastusthiti naM. 6 nI hakIkata sAMcImAM senArI sAthe sarakhA. keDInI putra keTipusa kAsa5gatasa | (60) A bane lekha mATe isAre ApaNe pu. 2 geripatra sapurisasa kesiddhiputasA mAM caMdraguptanA vRttAMta karI gayA chIe (juo pu. 2. megaliputra aMdhera 5.) vizeSa adhikAra mATe dhI bhilsA TapsanuM vAccIputra vAciputasa pustaka jue. satAdhAra kaDIne geTasa (11) A badhA adhikAra mATe pu. 2 mAM caMdragrasanuM sAripatasa megalikAsa varNana jue.

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28 vidizA, bhilasA [ saptama khaMDa ApI, sadAne mATe te yAda rahe te sArU lekha tarIke AvelAM saMkhyAbaMdha Tepa uparanA lekho tathA temAM kAtarAvI rAkhI che, tema jaina sAhityagraMthAmAM paNa aMkita thayelI hakIkata sAthe bhArahuta TepanI ekAkI jaNAvAyuM che ke, zrI mahAvIra nirvANa pAmyA tyAre jevI sthitinI tulanA karIe chIe, tyAre zuM ema nathI temanA anuyAyI aDhAra bhakta rAjAo ekatra thayA samajAtuM ke, te viziSTadhAma zrI mahAvIranA nirvANanuM hatA ane bhAvadIpaka (zrI mahAvIra) asta pAmatAM, sthAna hoya ane peluM ekalaDAkala bhArahutavALuM sthAna tenI yAdagIrI jALavavA dravyadIpaka (dIpakenI kaTAra) temanuM kaivalya kalyANasUcaka tIrthadhAma hAya ? kemake te pragaTAvavAnI goThavaNa karI hatI. eTale ke pAMcamI banne vaccenuM aMtara paNa jaina sAhityagraMthomAM jaNAvyA ane chaThThI vastusthiti ekabIjAnI pUraka ane sAmarza pramANe maLI rahe che, temaja temAMthI raNa pAmatI ApatI ghaTanAo che. zrI mahAvIranA jIvanane sparzatI aneka ghaTanAono paNa upara TakelI chae vastusthiti, tathA te uparathI paraspara meLa khAte dekhAI jAya che. upara pramANe jyAre dahana karIne rAjI karelI matalaba tathA te sarvemAMthI sarva vastusthiti tenA yathAsvarUpe samajAI gaI che. tyAre nIkaLate sAra-A badhI ghaTanAnuM samIkaraNa karavAmAM ApaNe bulaMda avAje ghoSaNA karI zakIzuM ke, vidizAnuM Ave to, zuM ema temAMthI tAtparya nathI nIkaLatuM ke, sthAna te zrI mahAvIranuM nivaNu kalyANaka che ane bhArahuvidizA ane bhAratanA pradezanA Topa kevaLa jainadharma tanuM sthAna te temanuM kaivalya kalyANuka che. ane A sthiti sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM sthAna che? temAM paNa vidizAnuM jyAre spaSTa thaI tyAre kahevuM paDaze ke pupapura nagara te dhAma viziSTa che? A viziSTatAnI sAthe temAM jaina sAhityanI daSTie vidizAnuM ja nAma hovuM joIe. bhilma logI reka == =Aha joka ane tenI AsapAsanAM rUponuM raLa davaoN 4 kAnI 2... zika S . P nAkhe. * bAlamapura beva ; ramasena (12) A dIpakanI kaTAra- garane lagara-pragaTa thavAthI tene dIpotsavInA parva tarIke oLakhAvavAnI prathA praca. ATI dIpamALA lAge te dekhItuM ja che, jethI laukIka zabdamAM lita thaI che,

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dvitIya pariccheda ] bhUmi paNa vidizAnuM-zrI mahAvIranA nirvANanA sthAnanuM nAma madhyamaapApA vizeSapaNe kahevAyuM che: jethI te nAmane paNu vicAra karI laie. ema kahevAya che ke, mULe te nagaranuM nAma apApA-pApa jemAM nathI tevI nagarI hatuM. paNa jyArathI te nagarIe zrI mahAvIra jevA puNyAtmAne bhAga lIdheA, eTale ke te upara temanA dehavilaya thaye| tyArathI tenuM apApA maTIne pApA--eTale pApathI bharelI purI paDayuM ane kALAMtare tenuM apabhraMza thatAM thatAM "pAvApurI" nAma pracalita thaI gayuM che. 63pAvApurI ke apApApurI zabdanI sAthe, jyAre madhyama zabda joDAyA che tyAre temAMthI be prakAranA artha niSpanna thaI zake che. (1) eka ema ke, apApA nagarI tA ekaja hoya paNa tenAM traNa parAM aAya (pUrve, madhyama ane pazcima) jemAMthI madhyabhAge Avela parAmAM zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANu thayuM hAya; eTale vidizAnAM traNa parAM thayAM, jemAMnA madhyamabhAgane esanagara athavA vidizA, pazcimane sAMcI ane pUrvane bhilsA kahI zakAya. (2) ane khIjI rIte jo dhaTAvIe teA apApA nAmanI nagarInI saMkhyA ja traNa levIH temAMnI madhyama- (madhyama eTale tenI jAheAjalAlI ke vaibhavanI dRSTie ane ujainI (63) pUrvI diza pAvApurI, rUddhe bharIre, mukti gayA mahAvIra, tIratha te namuMre ! nAma, evI (ba) pU+dizie+apApA-pUrva dizi'pApA va'cAca game te rIte geADhavA paNa a tA upara pAvApurImAM AmAM 'pUrva diza pAvApurI' teneA aM aneka rIte jaNAvyA pramANe ja thatA raheze, eTale ema kahevA mAMge ghaTAvI zakAya tema che. jema ke:-- (1) pAvApurI laie te che ke, te nagarInA pUrva bhAga (nahIM ke madhya bhAga) jemAM aneka zAhukAra leAkA vasatA hatA te bhAgamAM zrI mahAvIra nirvANane pAmyA che. 19 nahIMja; paNa sthAna nirmANanI sthitinI apekSAe) nagarImAM zrI mahAvIranA deha paDayA hatA. te uparAMta pUrva ane pazcimanI paNa bIjI apApA nagarIe te vakhate hatI. tene je apApA-pAparahita eTale puNyavaMtI-nagarInI upamA ApavAnA hetu heAya, teA pUrvanI apApA nagarI eTale bhArahuta Te|pavALI nagarI samajavI ke je paNa eka puNyavaMta nagaraja kahevAya ane pazcimanI apApA nagarI, te kharI athavA asala ujjainI samajavI rahe, kemake, saMbhava che ke te sthAne zrI mahAvIre mahusena64 vanamAM-caMDapradyota urphe mahAsena rAjAnA adhikAramAM AvelA vanamAM--samAsarIne gaNudhara padanI sthApanA karI hatI tethI te sthAnane paNa eka pavitra-puNyavaMta nagaraja gaNavAnuM kahI zakAya. A pramANe ' madhyama apApA 'vALA padanA artha e rIte ghaTAvatAM, sthAnirmANuvALA artha tarIke, tenI gaNanA pU graMthakartAoe karI heAya te vadhAre saMbhavita che, kemake jo traNa parAMnA amAM laI e teA ekakSmIjAnI apekSAe pUrvanuM purUM teA aMtimaja kahevAya, madhyama na kahevAya; ane peluM pada tA kahe che ke pUrvanA parAmAMja zrI mahAvIra muktine pAmyA che; eTale, madhyama athavA pUrva te bemAMthI eka zabdane khATAja mAnavA paDaze. pazu (a) pU+dizi+pAvA=pAvApurIne je pUrvI bhAga rUddhithI bharAI rahyo che (je pAvApurInA pUrvI bhAgamAM dhanavAna va vasI rahyo che) te pAvApurI. (ba) pU+dizie+pAvA te paNa upara pramANe ja arthAM nIkaLe athavA A gAthAnA kartA samayasuMdara peAte avatimAM sthita thaine te banAvI heAya te sthAnanI pU dizAmAM pAvApurI AvI hAya mATe te sthaLanA nirdeza che ema ghaTAvI zakAya che. (2) apApApurI laIe te (a) pU+ddhizi+apApA=pUrva dizya pApA vacAya, pu. 1. pU. 186 TI. na. 108 mAM me anya sUcanA karIne 'pUrva videizi pAvApurI' tarIke te pada hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che; tema levAthI paNa arthAMmAM tA pheraphAra thatA nathI ja. (64) ujjainI nagarIne vaizALI nagarI tarIke paNa . oLakhAvI che (jIe pu. 1 pR. 183. tathA munizrI kalyANavijayajI sa`pAdita '" jainakALa gaNanA '" sa', 1987, pR. 31 TI. na. 28 tenA A pramANe zabdo che.) " zrIvIra nirvANuAt vizAlAcAM pAlaka rAjya' 20 varSANa "

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30. vidizA, bhillA [ saptama khaMDa sthAna sthiti para vicAratAM te kaDInuM hArda barAbara [ TippaNa-A pArAmAM zrI mahAvIranA kaivala maLatuM AvI jAya che ja, ane tema svIkArIe to ane nirvANa prAptinA sthAna vize carcA karIne je eka pheraphAra je ApaNe have karavo raheze, te A AnumAnika nirNaya meM bAMdhI Apyo che. te adhanA vidizAnA udagamanA samaya vizeno banaze. ApaNe pracalita ane mAnya rahelA sthAnathI bhinna paDI jAya tenI sthApanA I. sa. pU. 527 bAda ke te arasAmAM che kharo. paNa tethI ema mAnI levAnuM nathI ke te eTale ke zrI mahAvIranA ane rAjA caMDapradyotanA aMtima nirNayaja che. A vize tajajajJa vidvAne maraNa bAda-kalpI hatI tene badale te samaye te te pitAnA vicAro darzAvaze evI prArthanA sAthe nagarIne saMpUrNa smRddhivALI gaNavI paDaze. viramuM chuM.]. (ahIM avaMti dezamAM pAlaka rAtanuM rAjya vIra nirvANathI 20 varSe ema kahevAno hetu che.) te hakIkata batAve che ke te sthAna sAthe zrI mahAvIra-vaizAlikane saMbaMdha haze khare. (65) sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. 53.

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tRtIya pariccheda gardabhIla vaMza (cAlu) TUMkasAra -rAjA zaMkunuM jIvanavRttAMtaH tathA tenuM maraNa nIpajeluM ke khUna thayeluM te saMbadhInI karelI carcA vIravikrama, zakAri vikramAdityanAM vividha nAmanI lIdhela tapAsa-tene janma, kuTuMba tathA AyuSya upara pADela prakAza-vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanAnAM batAvela kAraNavidvAnoe te mATe kapela vividha anumAne-tenA pATanagara vize ApelI kAMIka samajUti teNe vedhazALAnI karela sthApanA tathA paDAvela sikkA saMbaMdhInI ApelI mAhitI-aitihAsika purAvAsa tenA rAjya vistAranI batAvelI sImA-tenA dharma saMbaMdhI karelo vivAda-vikrama saMvatsarano vaparAza keTaloka samaya je baMdha paDyo che tenAM kAraNe sahita batAvelI samaja-chevaTamAM tenA rAjadvArI tathA naitika cAritryanI karelI samAlocanA tathA tenI sAthe keTalAka samayasudhI rAjavahivaTa calAvela tenA baMdhu ane rAjA bhartaharInuM saMkSipta jIvana (3) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) vikramacaritra urphe mAdhavasena-te traNenAM jIvanamAMthI maLI AvatA, meghama pAMceka banAvanI karelI carcA ane pariNAme te darekanuM sthAna, konA samaye hAI zake tene karI Apela nirNaya-naM. 5 vALA vikama caritrane Apela rAjya vistAra- (6 thI 10 ) sudhInA pAMca rAjAonA samaye pravartI rahela rAjyanI sthitine Apela citAra tathA gardabhIlavaMzanuM chevaTa kema ane tenA hAthe AvyuM tene Apela saMkSipta hevAla-chevaTe kuzanavaMzanA prAraMbhanI keTalIka navIna hakIkata vizenI ApelI TUMkI samIkSA

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31 rAjA zaMka rAjA zaka gAdIpatI tarIke teNe zuM nAma dhAraNa karyuM haze te jaNAyuM nathI. paNa rAnna gaMdharvasenane te jyeSTha putra DDAvAthI avaMtinI gAdIe tene sthApita karavAmAM mAvyA hatA. gheADA ja vakhatamAM tenA rAjyane aMta mAvI gaye| dekhAya che. te bAda tene bhAI vIra vakramAditya atiti thayA che. jethI rAjA zaMkunA samaya ApaNe i. rA. pU. 64 thI 63 sudhInA cha mAsane taiAMdhavA paDayo che. mULe te tenuM nAma ja avaMtipatie nI ke gardabhIla vaMzIonI nAmAvalImAM kAMya mAlUma paDatuM nathI. kevA saMjogeAmAM te geAThavavuM paDayuM khUna ke maraNa che tene khyAla prathama paricchede apAI gayA che. 1 eTale tenI carcAmAM na utaratAM je khIjuM kAMI jaNAvavA yAgya lAge che teja atre lakhIzuM. tenuM rAjya mAtra cha mAsa ja cAlyuM che. eTale prazna thAya che ke, tenuM khUna thayuM haze ke kudaratI rIte maraNu pAmavAthI ja vikramAditye rAjyalagAma hAthamAM lIdhI haze ? athavA khUna thayuM hoya te| kAnA hAthathI ? anya kAInI bAbatamAM Ave prasaMga banyA hai|ta te A praznane kSullaka gaNI ApaNe AgaLa calAvye jAta; paNa vikramAditya jevA rAjA, jene saMvata cAlu rAkhIne, sArAe bhAratavarSanI prajAe, pAtA upara teNe karela upakAranA badalAmAM jenuM nAma prAtaHsmaraNa cihna tarIke jALavI rAkhyuM che, tevI eka adbhUta vyaktinA kissAmAM AvA muddAne taddana jatA karavAmAM Ave tA, itihAsane paNa anyAya thAya tema vikramA dityanA cAritrane paNa zaMkAmaya lekhAvI dIdhuM kahevAya jo khUna thayuM hota ke karavAmAM AvyuM hota to te kALanA, ke thADe kALe turatamAM thayela kAI I tihAsakAre, [ sakSama khaMDa O rAjA vikramAdityanA anya upakAranI zehamAM dabAI ne te prasaMgane ItihAsapaTTa upara citaravAne bhale AMkha ADA kAna karyAM hAya, ema haju bane; paNa te bAda lAMbA kALe thayela kAI paNa lekhakane zuM vikramAdityanI potAnI ke teNe karela upakAranI paDI hoya ke, amuka banelI kharI hakIkatane dabAvI rAkhe ? matalaba ke i tihAsa lekhanamAM kAI divasa dhAlamela cAlI zake nahIM. kadAca tyAMya lakhAyuM hoya ane prakAzamAM ja na AvyuM hAya te vAda jUdI kahevAya. paNa sarva sulabhya sAdhana sAmagrImAM A bAbatane lagatA eka haravaTIka paNa rAjA vikramAdityanI virUddhamAM lakhAyala mAlUma paDatA nathI; teA eka ja nirNaya upara AvavuM rahe che ke, rAjA zaMkunuM mRtyu kudaratI saMjogAmAM ja nIpajyuM haze tathA vikramAdityanA hAtha paNa taddana cAkhkhA ja rahI gayA haze. A pramANe sthiti TharatAM e anumAna karI zakAya che. ( 1) zakarAjya samApta thatAM rAjA gaMdharvasenanA je aneka putrA haiyAta hatA temAM te sAthI jyeSTha hAvAthI, tenI lAyakAta ke bInalAyakAtanA prazna alaga rAkhIne, vIra vikramAditye peAtAnA vaDIla baMdhu taraphanA pUjyabhAva ane sanmAna batAvIne tathA prajAjanAne sarva hakIkata samajAvIne rAjA zaMkune gAdInazAna karAvyA haze. (2) athavA to zaka prajAne harAvavAmAM A zaMku rAjAe ja mukhya phALA ApyA haze; jethI peAtAnA bAhubaLa ane parAkramane lIdhe ja te avaMtipati banavA pAmyA hoya. jo A emAMthI khInna anumAna pramANe ja vastusthiti hAta tA, zakAra vikramAditya tarIke je nAma gAjI rahyuM che tene badale zakAra zaMku evA dhvanija ApaNA kAne athaDAyA karata; paNa tema nathI banyuM eTale prathamanA anumAna pramANe saMyAgA badhA banavA pAmyA hatA ema svIkAravuM rahe che. (1) brue pR. 4 TI. naM. 9 mAM hiM, hi. mAMnA pR. 638 tathA 649 nA avataraNA. (2) are chevaTe, je lekhake ATalI paNa hakIkta lakhavAnI hAma bhIDI che. ( te avataraNAnA asala zabdo mATe nu uparanI TIkA 1) te teNe te lakhI heAtane ! chatAM temaNe paNa jyAre mauna ja sengyu che tyAre samajAya che ke, rAjA vikramAdityanuM cAritra niSkula ja hatuM.

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33 tRtIya pariccheda ] zakAri vikramAditya rAjA zaMku vRddha hovAthI kadAca nAmane ja rAjA che. te vikramAditya bIjo koI nahIM paNa gardabhIla, haze; ane badhe rAja kArabhAra vikramAditya calAvato rAjA gaMdharvasenaH darpaNane kumAra, A vikramAdityaja haze. paNa tenA maraNa bAda vikramAditye rAjamukuTa samajavo. temaja zakaprajAnuM nikaMdana kADhI nAMkhI, pitAnA zire dhAraNa karyo haze. jethI A sarva zakArinuM upanAma meLavanAra bhAgyazALI, narapuMgava samayane itihAsakAroe vikramAdityane ja rAjyakALa kezarI samAna rAjavI purUSa, paNa Aja vikramAditya lekhAvI dIdhuM hoya. Ama banavA yogya paNa che. hatA. vaLI e dekhItuM ja che ke A avaMtinI prajA tethI ApaNe te vikramAdityanA caritramAM tenA aneka kacarAtI, rIbAtI, muMgemoDhe aMtarvedanA anubhavatI tathA sadaguNonI hAramALAmAMja ora ekanI vRddhija rAtadivasa mAnasika yaMtraNuM sahana karatI, sAta sAta lekhavI rahe che. varSa jeTalA lAMbA kALanAM vahANAM ugatAM ane (2) zakAri gardabhIla: vikramAditya upha AthamatAM sudhI muktine mATe jyAre aharniza prabhu vikramasiMha athavA vikramasena prArthanA karI paDI rahI hatI, tyAre upara pramANenI pitA vartamAnakALe bhAratavarSamAM vasatI hiMdI prajAnA upara rAja calAvatI zakaprajAnA sitama ane jahAMrImoTA bhAgane je nAma puNyazloka banI rahyuM che tathA gImAMthI temane mukti meLavI ApanAra maLI Ave, to je nAma sArIe vepArIAlama tevA upakArI purUSanuM nAma pitAnA aMtaHkaraNanA uMDAmAM potAnA vyApArI daphataromAM uMDA bhAgamAM sadAne mATe ketarI rAkhe tathA te purUSane niraMtara lakhI rahI che, te nAma mahAna uddhAraka narapati tarIke lekhI, tenI yazakirtine mahApratApI, baLavAna, pratibhAsaMpanna rAjA vikramAdityanuM vizvadigaMta karI mUkavA mATe, tenA nAma saMvatsara (3) vikramAditya zabdanA arthanI samaja ke.hi. I. 9. (5) ahIM bhale, zaka prajAnA julamanI ja noMdha karI che, 533 mAM nIce pramANe ApI che. vikramaMight, parAkrama eTale tene kALa sAta varSane lakhavA paDe che. bAkI Aditya=The sun, sUrya: eTale ke vikramAditya=The kharI rIte to samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNathI mAMDIne Sun of the might parAkramane sUrya, parAkramamAM sUrya atyAra sudhIne sarva samaya "mAre tenI taravAra' je ja samAna. gayA che. A vikramAditye gAdIe besIne badhuM zAMta pADayuM, tyAre ja prajAnA mana zAMta pAmyAM che. ane eTalA mATe ja nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 bhAga 4 pR. 7ra TI. 44 mAM saMvatasaranI kharI rIte sthApanA thaI che. paNa upara pramANe ja artha ghaTAvyo che ane jaNAvyuM che ke (lekhaka muni zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja che) zuMgavaMzI priyadarzina bAda jozo, to badhA rAjAne samaya pAMca baLamitra bhAnumitranA amalane 60 varSa ApyAnuM pAMca ke cha cha varSa ja cAlyo che. tenA maraNa pachInA 29 pariziSTakAre jaNAvyuM che. (juo pu. 1, pR. 202 varSamAM pAMca maurya, 90 varSanA zuMgavaMzamAM 10 zuge, 40 TI. naM. 33 mAM TAMkela gAthAo) eTale A galIla varSamAM eka nahapANu (A eka apavAda rU5 gaNI zakAze), vikramAditya te pele zuMgavaMzI baLamItra ja jANavo. pachInA 10 varSamAM gabhIla darpaNa, te bAda sAta varSamAM vyutpatti uparAMta A vikramAdityanuM rAjya paNa 60 pAMca zaka rAjAoH te pramANe 29, 90, 40, 10 ane 7 varSaja cAlyuM che. mAruM TippaNa:-kho bheda kayAM samAyalo malI 174 varSamAM 5, 10, 1, 1 ane 7 malI 24 che te mATe pu. 3 pR. 106 thI 108 nuM lakhANa tathA TIkAo rAjAe avaMti upara rAja karI gayA che. eTale prajAnAM juo. khAsa karIne pR. 108 TI. naM. 7.] mana te agADha je zAMti bhogavatAM te A piNAbase varSamAM (4) A vikramAditya ja zakAri karAvI zakAya tema che. gumAvI dIdhI hatI. kharI vAta che ke vacce zuMgavaMzIne tenI carcA bahu vistArapUrvaka AgaLanA khaDe karavAmAM samaya dIrdhakALa TakA che. paNa temAM temanI dhanatRSNa, AvI che te joI levI. paradezI prajAnuM caDI AvavuM tathA tenI sAthenA vAraMvAra

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34 vikramAdityanuM [ saptama khaMDa calAve temAM Azcarya pAmavAnuM kAMI kAraNa nathI. near Karur and established his eras teTalA mATe te prasaMganI khuzAlI jaNavavA tathA mALavAnA11 zakone I. sa. pU. 58 mAM harAvIne potAne gamata thayelI samajavA mATe, A banAva A zake ( vikramAditye)pitAne vikrama saMvata banyAnI tArIkhathI te prajAe zakAri vikramAdityano calAvyo che ema gaNAya che. vidaMti (1 saMvata potAnA dareka kAryamAM joDavAnuM nakkI karI dIdhuM. prabaLapaNe piokAre che ke vikramAditye kArUra najIka zaka zakAri sivAya tenAM bIja paNa be traNa nAme jevAne parAsta karyA hatA ane pitAne saMvatsara jaNAyAM che. temAMnuM eka vikramasena che tathA bIjI calAvyo hate." vikramasiMha paNa che.amarakeSamAM tenuM nAma zadraka jaNAvyuM rAjA gaMdharvasena H gadharUpa; gadaMbhIlane te putra thatA che ema kahIne eka lekhaka potAnA vicAro TAMke hate.13 A gadaMbhIla rAjAne mULa mulaka khaMbhAtanI che ke "This Sudraka may be said to AsapAsane pradeza hato. te have founded the Vikrama Era in B. * janma kuTuMba sivAya anya vistAramAM te sattA C. 58, by defating the Sakas of Malwa, tathA AyuSya bhagavate hatuM ke kema te nakkI paNe Tradition is strong in asserting that jaNAyuM nathI. paNa tenuM lagna vikramaditya defeated alien Sakas dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarI vera thayuM hatuM ane khaMbhAtamAM ane lAMbA kALa sudhI cAlatA yuddhane lIdhe, prajAne je zAMti virAma nirarthaka che. te kADhI nAkhavuM eTale zudraka hAla joI e te maLI ja nahotI. vacce nahapANanA rAye lAMbA vaMcAze ane tevA rUpamAM ja kharuM vAMcana thAya, te yogya kALanA vahIvaTane aMge jarA chuTakArAne dama maLyuM hatuM, khAya che. vaLI zudraka eTale vikramAditya eTaluM ja AmAM paNa te te, avyavasthAmAMthI vyavasthita thavAmAM ja nIkaLI sUcana che. paNa teja vikramAditya zakAri hatuM ema temAM gayA hatA. eTale je kharI majA mANavI rahe ane tenAM lakhyuM nathI. aneka vikrama thayA che eTaluM te emAMthI mIThAM pariNAma bhogavavAM rahe te anubhavavA je samaya jarUra spaSTa thAya che ja. A AkhA viSaya aSTama khaMDe temane maLyo nahe. caryo che tyAMthI je.]. (6) A saMvatsara vize aneka vigate jANavI rahe (11) A samaye "mALavA' zabdanuM astitva thayuM che. vidvAnonuM ema mAnavuM thatuM rahyuM che ke saMvatsara pravartaka nahotuM ema mAruM mAnavuM che, te zabda te A lekhake khare vikramAditya te vaLI bIjI ja vyakti che. tema tene potAnI mati anusAre lakhe dekhAya che. samaya paNa judo ja che. A badhI carcA ThIka ThIka pariNAma (12) amarakeSa jevA graMthamAM lakhAyelI hakIkata sadA dAyI nIvaDe, mATe tene adhikAra eka svataMtra khaDe ja lakhavAnI goThavaNa karI che. (AgaLa juo). pramANabhUta ja gaNAya. paNa eka vikramAdityane tevAja nAma dhArI vikramAditya sAthe kevI rIte bheLavI devAya che ane (7) A banAvanI bhIti kaI hatI, vigerenI carcA AgaLa itihAsamAM gUMcavaNo ubhI karAya che te viSaya AkhA upara "samaya noMdhanI prathA"nA khaMDamAM karI che, te jevI. bALa , 1. "kALa gaNanA-Dating of events"vALA khaMDamAM lakhAya (8-9) juo eziyATIka rIsacIjha pu. 9, pR.122. che te jovAthI spaSTa samajAze. (10) ja. A. hika rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 5.64- (13) bhilsA Topsa pR. 142 -"It is said in $4: From Amarakosa we learn that Sudraka, Agni-Purana (Princeps Journal, iv, 688) that Hala and other kings had the title of Vikra. Vikrama the son of Gadharupa should ascend maditya amarakozathI samajAya che ke, zuddhaka, hAla ane the throne of Malwa=agnipurANamAM (jIe pransianya rAjAone paNa vikramAdityanuM birUda lagADavAmAM sa jaranala pu. 4. pR. 688) kahyuM che ke gadharUpa putra AvatuM hatuM" (mAruM TIpaNu-"zudraka, hAla vaccenuM alpa vikrama mALavAne gAdIpati thaze."

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35 tRtIya paricheda ] kuTuMba ItyAdi teNIne peTe eka putra avataryo hato. tenuM nAma kAMIka aMze thaI gaI hatI. rAjA bhartuharinI rANa zakAri vikramAditya hatuM eTale jyAre jaNAyuM che tyAre piMgaLAnA daSTAMtathI ApaNA uparanA kathanane Teke anumAna kara rahe che ke gaMdharvasena rAjA kAMIka meTA maLatA gaNAze. vistAranA bhUpradezano svAmI hatA tathA dhAra rAjAnI A vikamAdityane keTalAM putraputrIo hatAM te kuMvarI je tenI rANI hatI teNInA peTe A vikramAdityane paNa kayAMya vAMcavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paraMtu tenI pAchaLa janma thayo he joIe.* A gaMdharvasenane ekaMdare je kuMvara gAdIe Avyo che tenuM nAma mAdhavasena hatuM. keTalA putra hatA te mAluma paDayuM nathI.paNa vikramAdityathI tenuM AyuSya keTaluM hatuM te haju sudhI aprakAzitaja eka moTo. nAme zaMka ane eka nAno nAme bhari che. paraMtu ema nirdhAra karI zakAya che ke, jyAre teNe urphe kAditya-ema traNa te hatA ja eTaluM spaSTa yuddhamAM ATaluM badhuM kauzalya ane parAkrama batAvI, zaka sUcana maLI Ave che. 5 AmAMnA rAjA zaMku vizenuM jevI jorAvara prajA upara vijaya meLavyo che tyArevarNana uparamAM lakhAI gayuM che. jyAre bhatRharino gAdIe beThe tyAre-tenI umara kamamAM kama 25-30 paricaya ke have pachI Apo rahe che. varSanI te hazejatema tenuM rAjya 60 varSa paryata A vikramAdityanI mAtAnuM nAma jema jaNAyuM nathI laMbAyuM che. eTale tenuM AyuSya 85 thI 90 varSanuM tema tene keTalI rANIo hatI tathA temanAM nAma zuM te saheje kalpI zakAya che. paraMtu ja. e. se. be. pu. paNa hajI aMdhakAramAM ja che. paraMtu bhahari 49 bhA. 1 mAM je lakhyuM che ke The first nAmaka nATaka je hiMdu prajAmAM jANItuM che ane prAcIna Vikramaditya is mentioned in the samayanA eka aitihAsika banAva tarIke raMgabhUmi Kumarchhanda in which it is declared upara bhajavI batAvavAmAM Ave che te uparathI samajAya that after 3020 years of Kaliyuga had che ke A rAjA bhartuharine piMgaLA nAme eka rANI elapsed then would Vikramaditya hatI. teNInuM cAritra kalaMkita nIvaDavAthI bhatRharinuM appear-kumAra chaMda (nAme pustakomAM prathama vikramAMmana saMsAra uparathI khATuM thayuM hatuM ane uttarAvasthAmAM dityane ullekha thayo che. temAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke, teNe sAdhujIvanane svIkAra karyo hato. te samayanA kaliyugamAM 3020 varSa vItyAbAda vikramAditya dekhAva zaMgavaMzI rAjAonuM temaja rAjA gaMdharvasenanuM jIvana- deze " A vAkayamAM darzAvela 'dekhAva deze' zabdano vRttAMta lakhatI vakhate ApaNe isAra karI gayA chIe artha janma thaze e samajAte hoya te, 31015ke A sarve rAjAo vyabhicArI hatA. ane "yathA 3020=I. sa. pU. 81 mAM tene udabhava thayo kahevAya. rAjA tathA prajAnA nyAye prajA paNa tevIja nItibhraSTa ane vikramasaMvatane prAraMbha I. sa. pU. 57 mAM (14) juo gaMdharvasenanA vRttAte. ezi. rIsa. pu. 9 pR. 145 ane AgaLa. (15) jue eziyATika rIsacI 4 pu. 9. 5. 122. miAruM TI:-pa7 thI kAMIka vadhAre hoya to paNa 58 (16) na. 4nA rAjA tarIke AgaLa juo tathA paranI kahevAya ane 56 thI kAMIka vadhAre (kaniMgahAma sAhebane TIkA naM. 2 sarakhAvo. mata 56 che mATe) heAya te 57 kahevAya. A banne vidvA. (17) kaliyuga saMvatano prAraMbha I. sa. 5. 3101 nAnI gaNatrImAM eka phera rahe che. paNa ApaNe jANIe gaNavAmAM Ave che (jIe. pA. ka. tathA kaniMgahAma kata chIe ke cAlu varSa-Year current, ane pUruM thaela enTAnTa IrAjha) ApaNuM pu. 1, pR. 96 varSa-Year past e benI gaNatrI karatAM hamezAM eka (18) ke. hi. I. pR. 155H che. kArpenTIaranA mate varSanuM aMtara raheja, uparane banne vidvAnoe kaI rItanI vikrama saMvatsarane AraMbha I. sa. pU. 58 mAM che; ane gaNatrI mATe uparanA AMka sUcavyA che te jovuM kaniMgahAmanA mate isa. 5. pa6 varSe vaLI ja rahe che,

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36 vikramAdityane [ saptama khaMDa gaNatAM, tenI umara gAdIe besatI vakhate 81-57=44 tema jaina sAhityamAM paNa jaNAvAyuM che ke, pAdalipta, varSanI karI zakaze. jethI ApaNe derele anumAna nAgArjuna ane AryakhapuTAcArya ema maLI traNe paNa vyAjabIja Thare che. dhuraMdhara dharmAmA purUSa, rAjA vikramAdityanA samakAlIna zAtavahana vaMza je dakSiNa hiMdanA pradeza upara hatA. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa A rAjA vikramAditye tathA sArvabhaumapaNe rAjya amala calAvI rahyo hato te saMpradezapati rAjA hAle, uparanA traNe AcAryonA vaMzanA eka nRpati-ariSTakarNa sAnidhyapaNumAM zatruMjaya parvata upara amuka amuka tenA samaya tathA zAtakaraNIe, zaka prajAne harA- dhArmika kriyAo 20 paNa karAvI che. matalaba e thaI saMvatsara vize vavAmAM gardabhIla vikramAdityane ke rAjA hAla tathA vikramAditya ema be rAjAo madada karI hatI ema uparamAM tathA uparanA traNa jainAcAryo, ekadA samasamayI hatA ja, ApaNe joI gayA chIe. ariSTakarNane eka putra majakura AcAryonA samaya vi. saM. 470-484 gaNAvAya nAme hAla, ati prakhyAta rAjA thayo che. teNe gAthA che. jyAre rAjA hAlano samaya vidvAnoe I. sa. satazati nAme eka graMtha racyo hato. je sAhitya viSayaka 70nI AsapAsa bhinna bhinna AMkayo cheH paNa pu.pamAM graMthomAM anupama gaNAya che. te graMthanA prakAzanamAM tenA A5Ne sAbita karI batAvIzuM ke tene samaya i. sa. pU. prakAzake eka vikramAdityano ullekha karyo che eTale no che. tAtparya e thayo ke uparanI ye vyaktie aitisAbita thAya che ke vikramAditya rAjA, hAlanI pUrve hAsika paNa che temaja kharA svarUpe paNa che. tathA TIkA thaI gayo hoya athavA rAjA hala ane vikramAditya . 19mAM jaNAvyA pramANe A banne rAjAnAM nAma paNa banne samakAlIna hoya; ane samakAlIna hoya te paNa, vikramAdityaja che. A pramANe tenA samaya vizenI umaramAM temaja adhikAramAM athavA chevaTe sAhitya poSaka carcA thaI. have tenA saMvatsarane vicAra karIe. vRttimAM che, te hAlarAjA karatAM meTe he ja joIe. sAmAnya rIte koI paNa saMvatsaranI sthApanA nahIto rAjAlAla jevo samrATa, potAne vikramAdityanI kaI viziSTa prakAranA banAvanI yAdagIrI mATe thAya sAthe tulanAmAM makavAne lalacAta nahIM. rAjA hAlanA che. ane tene banAva hamezAM kAMI amuka rAjAnA samayane jema "gAthAsaptazati' graMthathI sAbitI maLe che, rAjaamalanA prAraMbhe ja banavo joIe evo niyama (19) juo pu. 5 mAM tenA vRttAte. tathA uparanI sa. 68 lakhyo che. A samaya temaNe I. sa. 78 mAM TI. naM. 10mAM TAMkeluM amarakezanuM vAkaya paNa, sAthe rAkhIne thayela zaka pravartaka zAtakaraNI rAjAnA samayanI sarakhAmaNI vAMcaze te jaNAze ke, rAjA hAlanuM nAma paNa vikramAditya karIne beThA che. paNa jyAM zAtavahanavaMzI rAjAe 36 hatuM. eTale ke gAthAsaNazatikAranuM nAma jema vikramAditya hatuM nI saMkhyAmAM thayA hovA chatAM, ekene samaya nizcitapaNe tema teNe ullekha karela rAjAnuM nAma paNa vikramA batAvAyo nathI, tyAM upara pramANe AnumAnika samayane ditya hatuM. AdhAra majabUta gaNAya nahI. (20) eka vakhata zatruMjaya parvata upara jIrNoddhAra karAvyo pu. 5 mAM ApaNe A rAjA hAlane samaya i. sa. che tathA bIjI vakhate, tyAMnA maMdira upara vajadaMDa caDAvyo pU. 40 thI I. sa. 15=55 varSane TharAvyA che. che. temAM jIrNoddhAra samaye, kAThiyAvADa saurASTranA mahuvA- nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 bhA. 4 pR. 736 mAM gAthA madhuvaMtIne mULa vatanI paNa vepAra arthe arabastAnamAM jaI sakazatinA rAja hAla vize lakhAyuM che ane te pRSamAM TI. ne amApa lakSmI meLavanAra, zeTha jAvaDazAhe sAtha Ape naM. 107 mAM jaNAve che ke, "saptazatame vikramAditya kI hatuM. AmAMnI gheADI hakIkata prasaMgepAta ApaNe jaNAvI prazaMsA meM likhI huI gAthA eka upalabdha hatI. vaLI gayA chIe. juo pu. 5 hAlanA vRttAMta kavi guNADhayano ullekha karIne (23) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRttimAM tene samaya che. hakIkata ApI che te).

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tRtIya pariccheda ] samaya vi. 37. te TharAvI zakAya ja nahIM. eTale te yAdagIrInA usakA tAtparya, Isa saMvatasarake aMtarase hai. cAhe samaya mATe te banAva banavAnI tArIkhanuM nirmANa saMvata , vikramase calAho yA dUsare kisIse"=eTale ke, na karatAM, je rAjAnA samaye tema banyuM hoya tenA mahAvIra nirvANane ane ane vikrama saMvatanI sthApanAne rAjaamalanA AraMbhanI sAlaja, te nUtana saMvatsaranI 470 varSanuM aMtara che-(pachI te saMvata vikrame calAvyo ke lekhavAmAM Ave che. bIjAe te bhale saMdigdha hoya) tathA zaka saMvatanI pUrve te mATe mi. resana sAcuM ja kahe che ke23 The 135 varSe te thayo che. A kathanane je pR. 2 upara foundation of an era must be held to lisTamAM, mahAvIra nirvANanA Apela AMka sAthe denote the successful establishment of ApaNe sarakhAvIzuM to mAlUma thaze ke 470nA varSe the new power, rather than its first rAjA vikramAdityanuM te gAdInazIna thavuM thayuM che. eTale beginning of the downfall of any=kI tenA rAjyanA AraMbhakALathI te saMvatsaranI gaNanA vaMzanI paDatInA samayathI ke kAInA AraMbhakALathI zarU thaI gavI raheze. paNa tenA pitA ane gardabhIla saMvatsaranI gaNanA karavA karatAM, te phatehamaMda thayela vaMzanA sthApakanA samayathI-eTale ke gardabhIla vaMzanI ja navA rAjakatonA prAraMbhakALathI tenI sthApanA thavI AdithI saMvatsaranI gaNanA karAya, tA 453thA joie. athavA te rAjAne ke prajAne jo potAnA gaNavI paDaze. matalaba ke banne gaNanAnI vacce 17 pUrvajo mATe bahuja sanmAna hoya to viveka ane varSanuM aMtara paDI jAya che. A uparathI spaSTa samajAze vinayanI khAtara tevA pUrvajanA rAjyAraMbhanA kALathI 25 ke uparanI TI. naM. 2 mAM je, nA. pra. 5. pR. 74nA paNa tevA saMvatsaranI gaNanA karavAnuM dhoraNa TharAve che. avataraNamAM samajAvAyuM che ke, vikramarAye 17mAM, A banne prathAnAM aneka dRSTA itihAsamAM varSe vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA thaI hatI, te vastu mAnya mojAda paDyAM che. A vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA vize rakhAya tevI nathI.27 (juo pR 2mAMnuM lakhANuM): eka vidvAna lekhake potAno vicAra. nIcenA zabdomAM uparamAM darzAvela sAhityakathanane dUra rAkhIne ItihAsanI jaNAvyo che.26 " zakase 135 varSa pUrve, aura vIra dRSTie eka vakhata pharI tene vicArIe. rAjA darpaNe nirvANase 470 varSa pIche, eka saMvata calAthA, yaha avaMti upara rAjya calAvavAnI zarUAta 453 mAM karI bAta lagabhaga sarva mAnya hai. merUtuMgane je nirvANa che eTale te vaMzanI zarUAta te samayathI thayelI neMdhAya. aura vikrama saMvata ke bIca 470 kA aMtara likhA hai, paNa tenuM rAjya daza varSa cAlyAbAda saMgoe gAdI (22) dhArmika mAnyatAne saMvatsara hoya to te banela (25) dA. ta. cappaNuvaMzI kSatrapanA saMvatanI sthAbanAvanI tArIkhathI haju gaNavAmAM Ave che khare, paNa panA karI che, bIjA purUSa caSThaNe, chatAM tene samaya tenA rAjakIya bAbatane aMge thatI saMvatsaranI sthApanAnuM raNa pitA iSametikanA rAjyAraMbhathI gayo che. gupta saMvatanI judA ja prakAre che. (sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 24-25) sthApanA karI che trIjA purUSe, chatAM samaya noMdhAyA cheprathama (23) juo ke. AM.re. prastAvanA pR.162 pAri. 135 purUSanA rAjyakALathI: trikaTa saMvatasarano daSTAMta paNa A (24) kuzAna vaMzanI sthApanA AvA dAkhalA tarIke kissAne che. (juo pR. 3mAM ane ekAdazama parika.) gaNAze; tene AraMbha te vaMzanA trIjA purUSanA rAjyAraMbhathI (29) jue nA. pra. patri. pu. 10 bhAga 4 pR. 737 gaNAya che; zaka saMvatsaranI sthApanA zAlivAhana vaMzamAM (27) A pramANe vikrama saMvatanI sthApanAnA samaya keTale dUra thayela rAjAnA samaye thayelI gaNAya che atre prastuta vize, be mata thayA-eka mate 453, bIjA mate 470 vikrama saMvatsaranuM paNa tema ja samajavuM. tenI sthApanA A 17 varSanA aMtarane lIdhe kevA gucavADA ubhA thayA tenA trIjA purathI gaNavAmAM AvI che, nahIM ke prathama che tenI kAMIka jhAMkhI ApatAM daSTAMte, AgaLanA khaDe poSathI, ApavAmAM Avaze te juo.

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38 gAdI sthAna tathA [ saptama khaMDa tyAga karavAnI tene pharaja pADI hatI. pachI sAta sAta kAraNa maLe che. varSa sudhI narI aMdhAdhUnI cAlI rahI hatI. ane te hiMdI tiSa ane khagoLazAstrIoe pRthvInA bAda aMdhAdhunI calAvanAra jumI rAjasattAnI mApanI-rekhAMza ane akSAMzanI gaNatrInA sthAna jhUrArImAMthI prajAne mukti maLI hatI. eTale prajAne tarIke A samayathI A pATanagarane pasaMda karyuM hoya te AnaMdanA viSaya ane saMvatsaranI sthApanA karavA ema dekhAya che. Ama mAnavAne sabaLa kAraNa e mATenuM kAraNa, te vaMzanI sthApanA thayA bAda, 107=17 che ke, A vikramAditya rAjA poteja kSatriyocita varSa 28 prApta thayuM che ke je samaye rAjA vikramAditye zaurya dharAvavA uparAMta, bahu vidyAvilAsI hatA. tenI zakaprajAne harAvIne zakArinuM birUda prApta karI,avaMtipati buddhi ane cAturyanI aneka daMtakathAo vArtArUpe tarIke rAjalagAma hAthamAM lIdhI che. eTale nirvivAdita guMthAIne 1 AmaprajAnA hastakamaLamAM-vizeSe karIne paNe have sAbita thayuM ke, vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA gAmaDAmAM vasatI prajAnA nivRttinA samaye kALakSepa avaMtinI prajAeja, rAjA vikramAditye karela upakAranA karavAnA ane nirdoSa AnaMda meLavavAnA sAdhanarUpesmAraka tarIke, te rAja amalanA prAraMbhakALathI ja karI vAraMvAra najare paDatI dekhAya che. A kathAomAMnI batAvI che. nahIM ke tenA 29 vaMzanI sthApanAnA kALathI. keIkamAM, rAjA vikramane daivIzaktinA dhAraka, te vikramAdityanA jIvanamAM jema ghaNI pravRttioe keIkamAM vaLI tevI zaktino upAsaka te vaLI keAIkamAM navIna svarUpa dhAraNa karyA che tema gAdI sthAna vize tene niDaratApUrvaka bhUta, vetALa, pizAcAdinI sAthe paNuM ka95vuMja paDaze. A viSayanI agamya ane gUDha rIte kAma pADanAra tarIka-matalaba ke gAdI sthAna tathA carcA gata paricchedanA aMtamAM dareke darekamAM-eka mahA bhaDavIra ane karmavIra tarIkeja vadhazALA ane karAI gaI che eTale ahIM te cItarI batAvAya che. eTale lekane raMjana karI kALagaNanAna taMtra mAtra teno isAre karIne je AzcaryamAM lIna karI nAkhe tevI sarva zAkhAmAM nAmAMkita aMtima nirNaya baMdhAyo che teja thaI paDela AvA rAjavInA rAjyakALe, jyotiSa ane jaNAvI daIzuM ke vidizA nagarIne badale have ujenI khagoLavidyAnA dedAra paNa navAja lebAsa dhAraNa kare nagarIe te garvayukta pada zobhAvavA mAMDayuM haze. eTale ema zuM mAnI zakAya nahIM? dhAmanA mahattva sAthe, hiMdI sAmrAjyanA pATa. bIjo eka muddo paNa atre jaNAvI devo upayogI nagara tarIkenuM temAM gaurava umerAyuM. vaLI ekatrIjA prakAre thaI paDaze. teNe athavA tenA rAjyaamala daramyAna paNa tenI mahattA vadhI hoya ema anumAna karavAne ujenImAM vedhazALA sthApana thayAnuM je nakkI thAya (28) A vize nA. pra. 5. pR. 10 bhA.4 pR. 730 vedhazALA gaNavAmAM Ave che. mAM lakhe che ke:-vina zakanAtara terasa vAku vakara rekhAMza lojITayuDa uttara ane dakSiNa dhruvamAMthI pasAra vitA | ( vikrama rAjAnA teramAM varSe) usane apanA thatI, pRthvInA goLA uparanI lITI; te 360 che. saMvatasara calAyA (pR. 728) A lekane AdhAre temaNe akSAMzaleTITayuDa viSuvavRtta (Equator)thI samAMtara rAka nathI, paNa pR. 730 TI. na. 102mAM jaNAve che ke, uttara dakSiNe dorelI geLa rekhAomAnI kaMI paNa; te kula vaDedarAnA zeTha aMbAlAla nAnAbhAinA pustaka bhaMDAramAM 180 che. prAcIna aa pAnAmAMthI A bAbata maLI che. (31) AvI vArtAomAM mukhyapaNe sUDAbahoterIno (29) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. ra7. vArtA (72 popaTanI). maDA paccIsInI (25 muDadAnI) vArtA, (30) jene aMgrejImAM leTayuDa ane leTITayuDa kahevAya ane batrIsa putaLInI vArtA che. I. che. che tevuM vartamAnakALe A lAMchaTayuDanI gaNatrInA sthAna tarIke (32) jue ane sarakhAvo samrATa priyadarzinanA vRttAte laMDana zaheranuM eka 5ra jene "grInIca" kahevAya che. tyAMnI pu. 2 pR. 349 TI. na, 87.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] vedhazALAnI mAhitI te, kALagaNanAmAM paNa jabaro palaTo thayAnuM ja mAnI saMzaya ubho thAya che, tyAM kALagaNanA te samaye kevI levuM paDaze, kAraNake atyArasudhI pUrNimAMta mahine cAlatI hatI tene patto lagAvI, te AdhAre tene gaNavAnI rUDhI pracalita hatI. tene badale caMdranI gati samaya kAMIka cakkasa karI zakAya che. ane tema thavAthI upara mahinAna kama niyata karavAnuM karavAthI, amAsAMta keTalAye vivAdagrasta aitihAsika mudAonA ukela mahine gaNavAnI zarUAta paNa A samayathIja dAkhala AvI jAya che. eTale A viSayanuM khAsa jJAna thaI gaNAya.33 AnA purAvAmAM ApaNe joI zakIe dharAvanArAoe, svataMtra rIte ane saMpUrNatAthI chIe ke vikrama saMvatsarane nirdoSakaravAmAM, pratyeka mahine A Akhoye prazna vicArapUrvaka chaNI levAnI amAvAsyAnA divase pUro karI, zukalapakSanA pratipadAne AvazyakatA cheja. nUtana mAsanA prAraMbhika divasa tarIke lekhavAmAM Ave jema sarva khAtAmAM pragati thatI dekhAI che, tema che. jyAre tenI pUrve-daSTAMta tarIke mahAvIra saMvatanI A zAkhA paNa bAkI te nahIMja rahI hoya ema gaNanAmAM-pUrNimAnA divasane mAsAMta lekhI, kRSNa sahaja anumAna karI zakAya che. pratipadAne ja navIna mAsano prAraMbhika dIna gaNavAmAM tenA sikkAo Azcarya jevuM to e che ke A AvatA hatA. jo ke vikramanA samayabAda kotarAyelA | vikramAdityanuM rAjya te sATha keTalAka zilAlekhamAM, Rtu anusAra paNa kALagaNanA sATha varSa jeTalA dIrdhakALa sudhI jeke cAlyuM che, paraMtu karAI hoya ema najare paDe che. A bAbata mahattvanI tenAthI kayAMya a5samayI ane keTalAya aMze uNA che; jethI te viSayamAM kAMIka lakhavAnI IcchA paNa evA rAjAonA sikkAo jyAre ghaNI saMkhyAmAM thAya che; paraMtu te viSaya ApaNI maryAdAnI bahAra chapAyelI maLI Ave che tyAre AvA tejasvI ane kItihAI lAcArIthI cheDI devuM paDe che. bAkI keTalAka zALI rAjAno eka paNa sikko haju sudhI maLI AvyAnuM prasaMge jyAM samayane nirNaya karavAmAM koI prakAre saMbhaLAyuM ja nathI. vaLI tenI pUrvanA (eTale I. sa. pU. | (33) I. ka, pR. 31 mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke-In We. (34) pUrNimAMta-pUrNimAne divasa jene aMte che te stern India, Kartika beginning Thursday, Sept eTale ke pUrNimAnA bIje divase kRSNapakSanI ekamathI je 18th. B. C. 57.: In Northern India, Purnima- no mAsa gaNavAmAM Ave te paddhatinI gaNanAne pUrNimAMta mta begins with full-moon Chaitra, making mAsa kahevAya; tenAthI ulaTI paddhati eTale jemAM amAsane epoch Sunday February 23 rd. B. C. 57 or Ka- chelo divasa gaNI, zukala prathamAthI nava mAsa gaNAya tene liyuga 3044 expired=pazcima hiMdamAM (varSanI zarUAta) amAsAMta mahinAnI paddhati kahevAya. kArtika mAsamAM I. sa. pU. 57nA sapTebaranI 18 tArIkha vadhAre spaSTa karIe te:ne gurUvArathI thaI che. ane uttara hiMdamAM citra pUrNimAMtanA pUrNimAMta _ amAsAMta, dinathI eTale I. sa. pU. 57nA phebruArI 23 ne ravivArathI kArtika vada 1 Azvina vada 1 athavA kaliyuga 3044 varSa saMpUrNa thayA bAda gaNavAmAM kArtika vada 0)) azvina vada 0)) Ave che. (vaLI jue bhA. prA. rAja. pu. 2 pR. 390 kArtika suda 1 | kArtika suda 1 kArtika suda 15 | kArtika suda 15 tathA A pustakamAM AgaLa upara juo) eTale ke uttara mArgazISa vada 1I kArtika vada 1 hiMdamAM saMvatano prAraMbha cha mAsa agAuthI thayo che ane matalaba ke bannemAM sudane mAsa eka ja hoya che paNa - pazcima hiMdamAM pAchaLathI thayo che. vadamAM te pUrNimAMtamAM je hoya tenI purvane mahinA amAA hakIkata sAbita kare che ke, vikramAdityanuM rAjya sAMtamAM hAya. pazcima hiMdamAM laMbAcaluM hatuM paNa tenI sattA uttarahiMdamAM A viSaya AgaLa upara samayagaNanAnA khaMDamAM carcAeTale yuktaprAMte, paMjAba ke kAzimaramAM phelAI nahatI. vAmAM Avaze.

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40. vikramAdityanA sikkA [ saptama khaDa pa7 nI agAunA) ane tenI pazcAdanA (eTale I. sa. che. te ema che ke ujainInA keIkAI sikkA evA che 4 pachInA) teja avaMti pradezanA aneka rAjavInA ke jemAM, ujainInI vedhazALAnA cihna uparAMta caMdranuM sikkAo jyAre oLakhI zakAya che tyAre A rAjAnAja ke # svastikanuM cihna paNa paDAyuM che. A sikkAo na hoya ema mAnI levuM jarA vadhAre paDatuM kahevAya. kadAca vikramAdityanA hoya. jyAM sudhI nizcita na thAya eTale kalpI zakAya che ke te sikkAo purepurA tyAM sudhI A bAbatamAM vizeSa lakhavuM nirarthaka gaNAze. oLakhI zakAyAja nahIM hoya. kAraNake sikkA pADanAra [mAruM TIppaNa-A pramANenA mArA vicAro, anumAna hiMdu rAjAomAM, hajI sudhI koIe pitAnuM nAma ke karIne noMdhI rAkhyA hatA. paNa tene mudrita karavAno ro, sikkA upara kotarAvyo hoya ema mAlUma paDatuM prasaMga pu. 2mAM Alekhela sikkAne lagatuM prakaraNa nathI. ekadama prAcInakALe te mAtra pitAnA vaMzanA upalabdha thayo. te arasAmAM vizeSa vAMcananA pariNAme dhArmika cihna tarIke amaka citra chApatAM;35 te pachI jaNAyuM hatuM ke, prAcIna samayanA je sikkAone kAIka mahatvano prasaMga pitAnA rAjyaamale banyo gadheyA tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. te A gaMdabhIlavaMzanAja hoya to tenuM smaraNa cihna chApavAno rIvAja thoDoka hovA saMbhava che. vaLI sikkAcitro jotAM. eka vakhata cAlyo hato. pachI videzI prajAne sahavAsa bAju gadheDA jevuM prANI ane bIjI bAju ujainInuM thatAM, dharmAbhimAna ane kuLAbhimAna ochAM thavAM lAgyAM cihna dekhAya che. prANInuM cihna gardabholavaMza sUcave ane tenI jagyAe jAti abhimAna pragaTa thayA che ane ujenI cihna te vedhazALA batAve che. 42 1 mAMDayuM. eTale rAjAoe pitAnuM sAMketika cihna rAjA vikramAdityane lagatA anya muddAvize jema dAkhala karyuM.37 chatAM koIe nathI paDAvyuM pitAnuM anumAna karavA ane kalpanAnA ghaDA deDAvavA paDayA maherUM38 ke nathI chapAvI keIe pitAnI sAla.39 che tema A viSayanuM paNa samajI AvAM AvAM aneka kAraNone lIdheja vikramAditya jevA rAjya vistAra levuM. kemake koI paNa hiMdu, baudha parAkramI ane mahimAzALI rAjAonA sikkA, vinA ke jaina saMpradAyika sAhityamAM parakhAye paDI rahyA haze ema kahI zakAya. te bAbata eka kAI hakIkata spaSTa rIte A bAbatane jALavI rAkhatI kalpanA-alabatta kalpanA ja che-mArA manamAM ugI prApta thatI nathI. haju kAzmirane lagate rAjataraMgiNi (35) zizunAgavaMzI (meTA nAgavaMza) ane naMdavaMzI nRpationI ja vAta karI che., (nAne nAgavaMza) rAjAoe anukrame maTe nAga ane nAne (39) juo uparanI TIka naM. 38 nAga potAnA sikakA upara kotarAvyo che (juo pu. 2 mAM (49) A cihnane sikkA zAstrIoe caMdranuM nAma ApyuM sikkA citro na. 44 thI 46) te uparAMta dhArmika cihyo che, paNa jainasa pradAyamAM tene siddhazillA athavA nirvANa, che: kauzAMbIpati-vatsadezanA-sikkAo paNa A kisamanA mukti (absolute salvation from the fetters of samajavA (sikkA na, 23-24-26). this world=jene bauddha dharmamAM parinirvANa kahe che te (36) mahAnaMda athavA dhananaMde, pitAne je vidhithI sthiti)nA cihna tarIke oLakhAvAya che, (juo pu. 2 pR. 62) gAdI prAptI thaI hatI te sthitinuM eTale ke hAthaNIe kaLaza sarakhA "sUryacaMdra" vizenI mAnyatA (ke. A. jemAM henyo hato tenuM cihna tarAvyuM che.( juo sikkA naM. 29,30) pR 113 pAri. 92; ApaNu pu. 2 citra naM. 42 pR. 59 (37) samrATa priyadarzine potAnA sAMketika cihna tarIke tathA 62 Ti. naM. 54). hAthI katarAvyA che (juo sikkA naM. 21, 22, 33,34 I) (41) juo 5, 9nuM varNana tathA TI. na. 32-33nI (38) kSaharATa nahapAse sauthI prathama pitAnuM maheNuM hakIkata; sikkAcitra naM. 38, 39 tathA 82, 83 juo. sikkA upara kotarAvyuM che. sAla paNa teNeja prathama kotarAvI (42) vedhazALA saMbaMdhI uparamAM upara TAMkela vicAra che. paNa te to videzI nRpati che jyAre ApaNe ahIM hiMdI sAthe sarakhAve.

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tRtIya paricheda ] tathA rAjya vistAra nAmane je aitihAsika graMtha che temAM kAMIka IsAre vaccagALe ane te paNa saurASTranI bhUmi upara ja thayela najare paDe che43 kharo; (jene vicAra ApaNe laDAyuM dekhAya che. A yuddhamAM vikramAditya ane tenA A pArigrAphamAMja AgaLa upara karavAnA chIe). sahAyaka aMdhrapatie, zaka(hiMdI temaja mULavatanIone) rAjA nahapAnuM rAjya, uttarahiMdamAM mathurAne tathA kSaharATa prajAne khaDe kADhI nAMkhyo hato tathA surasena ane pAMcALadeza; temaja paMjAba kAzmira cheDI pitAne maLela vijaya mATe keTalAMka dharmakAryo paNa daIne, lagabhaga sarvara pharI vaLyuM hatuM. tema dakSiNa te bannee A pradezamAM kayAM hatAM. A pramANe pazcima hiMdamAM aMdhavaMzIonuM sAmrAjya jAmeluM paDayuM hatuM. hiMdane agatya gaNAto bhAga mukhyapaNe teNe meLavI paraMtu pUrva hiMdanI agatyatA, jyArathI hiMdIsamrATanI lIdhA hatA. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM te tenA upakAraka, gAdI magadhamAMthI pheravAIne avaMtimAM lAvavAmAM AvI sahAyaka ane mitra je gaNo, tevA AMdhrapatinuM rAjya tyArathI te ghaNIja ghaTI gaI hatI. temAM have te, hatuM eTale tyAM te te dIzAmAM kAMIpaNa karavApaNuM tenA upara koInI sattA hatI ke nahatI te upara hatuM ja nahIM; tema pUrva hiMdano bhAga vastutaH rAjadvArI bahu lakSa paNa rakhAtuM nahotuM. chatAM avaMtimAM gAdI kakSAmAMthI bakAta thaI gayo hato. eTale pachI jIta pachI je avAranavAra chaTaka banAvo tyAM vAno koI pradeza bAkI rahyo hoya to te uttara banavA pAmyA che te uparathI mAnavAne kAraNe maLe hiMdanAja bhAga kahevAya. eTale teNe zaka prajA sAthe che ke te bhAga paNa avaMtinA zahenazAhane tAbeja be vakhata mahAna yuddho khelyAM hatAM. prathamanuM gAdI joIe. (kadAca khaMDiyA tarIke ke ardhakhaMDiyA meLavatI vakhate ane bIjuM pitAnA dharmanuM mahAna tarIkeja hazebAkI pazcima hiMdano Akho siMdha, tIrtha zatrujya je saurASTra prAMtamAM AvI rahyuM hatuM saurASTra ane kAMkaNunI lAMbI paTTIvALA pradezano uttara tenA upara Adhipatya meLavatI vakhate-ahIM AgaLa bhAga-punA AgaLa jyAMthI pazcima ghATa zarU thAya upara darzAvela rAjataraMgiNikAnuM varNana vicAravuM paDe che tyAM sudhIno sarvabhAga-avaMtipati rAjA naravAhana- che. te vizeSa vajanadAra ane vizvasanIya gayi tema che. nahapANanA rAjya vistAramAM AvI jato hato. A kemake te graMtha kevaLa kAzimaranI tavArIkhaneja che ane vistAramAM keTalAka bhAga nahapANane mRtyu pachI tenA lekhake te dezanA saghaLAM sAdhane, jeTalAM jeTalAM gardabhIla ane zakarAjAonA amalamAM avaMtinI (rAjakIya suddhAM paNa) te samaye prApta thaI zakayAM ANamAMthI khasI gaye haze.44 vaLI je bhAga temAMthI haze teTalAM meLavIne, tenA dehane--sArarUpeja graMthanuM zaka prajAe bathAvI pADayo hato te te avaMtinI lakhANa karyuM haze. eTale temAM je ema lakhyuM che ke, gAdI maLatAMja vikramAdityane AdhIna thaI gayo hato. rAjA vikramAditye kAzmira chatI tyAM potAnA sUbA paNa saurASTrano Akho bhAga tathA aravallInI tarIke maMtrIguptane nImyA hatA te hakIkatane satya pazcimano bhAga, je upara zAhI rAja-hiMdI zakapati tarIke lekhavI paDaze. A vikramAditya karyo hovo joIe rUSabhadattanI sattA jAmI paDI hatI te mATe te muddha teno nirdeza karyo nathI. joke prathama darajaje zakAri laDInaja jIta meLavavI rahI hatI. A yuddha vikramA- vikramAditya mAnI levAya tema che. paNa tema karatAM eka ditya gAdIe beThe (i. sa. pU. 57) ane zAMta muzkelI e Ave che, ke je vikramAditye kAzmira kabaje ariSTakarNa maraNa pAme (I. sa. pU. 47) te benA karyuM hoya te teNe potAnA samaya (I. sa. pU. 57 (43) ja, . e. se. pu. 12 pR. 14nuM avataraNa je ApaNe AgaLa upara aSTama khaMDe samayagaNanA vizenA paricchedamAM karyuM che te juo. (44) jue rUpabhadattanA vRttAMte. (45) sarakhA rANIzrI baLakIne nAsikano zilAlekha. (46) AgaLa upara tenA dharmavALe pArA juo.

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42 vikramAdityane [ saptama khaMDa thI I. sa. 3) daramyAna koI kALe kAzmiranA vinA ja te bhUmi na dhaNiyAtI paDI rahI haze? kAI rastAmAM AvatuM paMjAba sara karI levuMja rahe. jyAre anya rAjAe tyAM hakamata sthApI hatI tema paNa inDopArthiane zahenazAha mejhIjhathI mAMDI gAMDAphAranesa jaNAyuM nathI, temaja dhaNI vinAnI jamIna paDI rahe sudhInA pAMcenAM vRttAMta jotAM mAlUma thAya che ke, te paNa banavA joga nathI. e uparathI caMdragupta bIjAnI paMjAba ane mathurAnA saLaMga pradeza upara i. sa. kalpanAno paNa tyAga karavo paDayo. pachI ekaja pU. 85 thI I. sa. 45 sudhInA samaya*7 sudhI vicAre AvavuM paDayuM ke je koI rAjA vikrama nAmaapratibaddhapaNe teo hakumata bhegavya gayA che. eTale dhArI hoya tathA i. sa. 45 thI 78 sudhI ke kuzAnatene vicAraNAmAMthI alaga karavo paDaze. vaLI uttara vaMzIonA hAthamAM te mulaka AvI paDe tyAMsudhInA hiMdamAM je paddhatie kALagaNanA thatI hatI, te uparathI samayamAM, je rAjA prabaLa parAkramI thayA hoya, tenAja paNa sAbita thaI zake che ke te prAMta vikramAdityanI pradhAna te kAmirane suo maMtrIguma hovo joIe; sattA taLe48 AvyA nahIM ja hoya; pachI bIjI ka95nAmAM, A hakIkata jotAM. mAtra avaMtipatieja evA maMtrIgamane kaI gamavaMzI pradhAna mAnI lai, caMdragupta dekhAya ke jemanI sattA, uttara hiMdamAM haju vistarI bIje jene. ItihAsakAroe kavikuLa ziromaNI zake. tema uparanI avadhimAM vikramacaritra nAme eka kAlIdAsanA AzrayadAttA ane vikramAditya tarIke rAjA A zakAri vikramAdityanAja vaMzamAM thayela najare oLakhAvyo che. teno vicAra dhara paDaze. tyAre vaLI paDe che. vaLI tene sattAkALa dIrghakAlIna che; eTale bIjIja muzkelI ubhI thai; te e ke, InDopArthiane tene parAkramI ke sattAzALI paNa lekho ja rahe che. zahenazAha geDaphAranese i. sa. 45 mAM hiMdano uttara A pramANe badhA saMjogone ukela maLI rahe te hevAthI, bhAga khAlI karIne (juo pu.3.) pitAnI gAdI IrA- kAzmiranA vijetA tarIke taraMgiNikAranA lekhana namAM karI, tyArathI te A guptavaMzI caMdragupta uttara hiMda pramANe, vikramAdityane nahIM, paNa tenA pautra vikramakabaje karyuM, tyAMsudhI paMjAba ane kAzmira upara caritrane ApaNe mAnavo paDaze. A te ApaNe anukaNakaNe vahIvaTa calAvyo hato te vicAravuM joIe. mAna deryuM che. chatAM svataMtra rIte jayAre samarthana maLI itihAsa to ema jaNAve che ke guptavaMzIoe te rahe che. tyAre tene nizcita tarIke mAnI levAne paNa sarva bhAga kazAnavaMzI pAsethI meLavyo hate. paNa ApaNe lalacAIe chIe. uparamAM pR. 7 TI. 18 kazAnavaMzanI sattAmAM te prAMte prathamamAM prathama te ane pR. 9 TI. 28 mAM hi. hi. pR. 649nuM avataraNa I. sa. nI pahelI sadInI Akhare (vidvAnanI je ApyuM che te hakIkata sAkSI Ape che ke, koIka mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. 78mAM) jyAre kuzanavaMzI gardabhIlavaMzI58 rAjAnA parAkrama vize, vAyavyaprAMtamAM rAjA kAnike hiMdanA uttara prAMte chatAM potAno zaka (paMjAba ane kAzmiravALA bhAgamAM) eka daMtakathA pravartAvyo, tyAre ja AvyA che; te pachI uparanA I. pracalita thaI hatI. vaLI samajAya che ke, te rAjAne sa. 45 thI 78 sudhInA 35 jeTalA varSanA gALAmAM vasavATa temanAthI ati dUra paDI gayela hovAthI. tene te bhUmi upara kenI sattA rahI haze? ke rAjAnI ANa lagatI satya hakIkata temane pUrepUrI samajAI nahatI. (47) jue pu. 3 pR. 145 uparane keDe. gabhI zabda vaparAya che, ema je temane samajAyuM (48) juo upara TIka naM. 33. hota to? (49) gardabha-gadheDA jevuM pazu, manuSya jAtinI strI A sthiti sUcave che ke, te pradezanI prajA potAnA sAthe lagnagraMthIthI joDAya te hakIkata vicitra lAge ja; rAjAne gabhIlavaMzI rAjapurUSa dhAvAne badale, vicitra paNa gadheDAne sthAne gardabhIlavaMzI purUSane uddezIne, te rItane mAnavI hovAnuM dhAratI hatI.

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tRtIya paricheda ] rAjya vistAra tethI ja te AkhI vArtAne eka AzcaryakAraka dhaTanA vaLI vikramAdityane aMdhrapatioe rAjya meLa tarIka50-A strange tale-svIkArIne temaNe vavAmAM madada ApI che. uparAMta aneka vakhate yuddhamAM calAvyuM lIdhI hatI. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, kAzmira paNa temanA pakSe UbhA rahyA che. tethI anumAna thAya upara gardabhIlavaMzInIja rAjahakamata sthApita thavA che ke teone sAdhamikapaNuM hovuM joIe. A vAtane pAmI hatI, ane te e zakAri vikramAditya karatAM vikrama- Teke ApanArI hakIkata e che, ke te bane e jainacaritrane saMbhava vizeSapaNe mAnanIya gaNAze. dharmanA tIrthAdhirAja gaNAtA zatruMjya parvata upara rAjya vistAranA ATalA TUMka varNana uparathI aneka dharmakAryo para sAthe rahIne karyo che. vaLI zaka samajAze ke rAjA vikramAditya kAMI moTA pradezano rAjAe jainAcArya kAlikasUrinA kahevAthI vikramAdityanA svAmI nahotA. tenA karatAM to vizeSa vistAravaMta pitA rAjA gaMdharvasenane jIvate choDI dIdho che53 te bhUmi dharAvanArA bhUpatio, A bhAratadezanI dharA hakIkata paNu kAMIka emaja kahevA jAya che ke te upara thaI gayA che. chatAM koIne saMvatsara cAlyo svadharmAnuyAyI haze. temaja AMdhrapatinA sikkAo. te nathI. jyAre A rAjAno saMvatsara prajAe je calAvyo upara nAma kerAyelA hovAthI temanAja kahI zakAya che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa hoMzathI tene vaLagI rahI che. che; te uparanAM cihno te dAMDI pITIne pokAre che ke tenuM kAraNa kevaLa te rAjAne prajA prema ja hatuM. teo jainadhamaja hatA.54 matalaba ke A pramANe spaSTapaNe kaI zilAlekhI purAvA A bAbatanA aneka purAvAthI teo jainadharmI hovAnuM sAbita nithIja. paNa aitihAsika daSTie je mAnanIya gaNI thaI jAya che. zakAya tevA sikkAI tathA mAtra prAcIna sAkSI ane purAvAja, upara pramANe sAhityIka dRSTAMtathI jarUra kahI jaNAve che ema nathI; paNa vartamAnakALanA saMzodhakee zakAya tema che ke te (athavA paNa te vAtane rAmarthana ApyuM che. DaoNkaTara bhAudAjI tene vaMza) vaidika ke bauddha matAnuyAyI nahetA; eTale jaNAve che:5 ke: "I believe that the era kahevuM paDe che ke jene matAnuyAyI hatA. (Vikram) was introduced by the temanAja sikkA che ema te haju cokkasapaNe Buddhists or rather the Jains=mAruM ema sAbita nathI ja thayuM, paNa jenuM varNana ApaNe upara mAnavuM thAya che ke vikrama) saMvata bauddhoe-bake karI gayA chIe, te temanAja kare te caMdra (7) tathA jenee dAkhala karyo che." eTale vikrama saMvata svastika (pha)nAM cihno uparanI hakIkatane sAmartha calAvavAmAM uparI hAtha jainadharmIone ja hato. ane Ape che.51 tema hevAnuM kAraNa A gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAo pote (50) uparanI TI. naM. 49 nI hakIkta vAMco, vicAro na. 47). ane hRdayamAM utAre; eTale kharI vastusthiti ApoApa (54) A vaMzanI sthApanA thaI tyArathI gautamIputra samajI javAze. zatakaraNI (naM. 26 mo rAjA) rAjA thayA, tyAM sudhI mukhya(51) A cihnonAM varNana vize pu. 2 juo. paNe sarve rAjAo jainadhamI hatA. vacce pataMjalI vaiyA (52) juo uparamAM pR. 45nI hakIkata tathA nIce karaNanI sattA jyAre jAmI hatI, tyAre e cAra rAjA 5. 42 ane 5 nI hakIkata sarakhA, vaidika mata tarapha DhaLyA hatA kharA; bAkI naM. 26 mA (53) jIvate choDI dIdho che ane te bAda te kaI rAjAnA samaya bAda te teo ughADe choga vaidika matAnuyAyI ajJAta sthaLe, cAreka varSe maraNa pA hoya ema samajAya ja thaI gayA hatA. che ( juo 5. 3 TI. naM. 7 tathA 1, 12 TI. (55) jue, ja, be be re, e. se. pu. 85, 233,

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vikramAdityanAM [ saptama khaMDa jenadhama hovAnuM vizeSapaNe dekhAya che. vaLI bIjA bhAu dAjInA kathana sarakhIja che. vizeSa purAvAmAM vidvAna pafjaNAve che keH "Vikram Samvat teja vidvAna lekhakanuM eka anya vAkaya TAMkavAnuMpa8 is used by the Jains only, and was atre jarUrI manAya che. " In whose (Vikramafirst adopted by the kings of Anahil ditya's) time the great temple of Shri pattan in Gujerat=[att antal G PL Mahavira named Yaksa-Vasati was kevaLa jeneja karyo che, ane gujarAtanA aNahila- built on the top (horn) of SuvarnapaTTaNanA rAjAoeja prathama tene vaparAza karyo giri, near Jalaurapara, by a merch hato.pa7 A hakIkata 5Na upara Takela DaoNkaTara of 99 lacs wealth=(vikramAdityanA) vakhatamAM | (56) ja. . . . e. . pu. 9 pR. 145. ha; eTale te vaidika dharmanuyAyI hato (jo ke temane (57) tene vaparAza che te pUrve kayAranoye thate rahyo utAra tathA dharma kAMIka zaMkAspada prazna che) tenI pachInI hato. paNa vacce baMdha thayo hato. eTale tene pAchA sajI- cAra peDhI sudhI-eTale cAmuMDa, valabhasena, durlabhasena ane vana karanAra A rAjAo hatA ema kahevuM vadhAre vAstavika bhImadeva, ema cAra vaidikadhamonuyAyI manAyA che (2) paNa te gaNuAze. pachIne karNadeva urpha tralokamala, jyArathI gokarNapurIvikrama saMvata vacce baMdha paDavAnAM kAraNuM mArI gaNa gAvAnA kadaMba rAjA jayakezInI bahena mayaNallAdevIne trImAM nIce pramANe jaNAyAM che. (1) tene vaMza lagabhaga para, tyArathI te rAjA potAnI rANIne dharma pALa 200 varSa cAle che. te kALane dIrdha tarIke gaNAya ke nahIM thayo hato. eTale A karNadeva tathA mayaNallAdevIne putra te prazna jIde che. (2) te bAda cakaNa kSatrapa vaMza I. siddharAja jayasiMha, bhale ughADI rIte kadAca vaidikadhamI sa. 319 sudhI hiMdanA samrATa banI avaMtipati tarIke rahyo dekhAto haze, paNa aMdarakhAnethI te jainadhamane pakSapAtI che. teoe pitAne zaka calAvyuM hatuM. (3) te bAda guma ho ja; vaLI tenI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra rAjA kumAravaMza gAdIe AvyA. temaNe paNa pitAne zaka calAvyo pALe te eTalo badho jaina dharmane Deke vagaDAvyo hato hato. (4) te bAda paramAravaMzI kSatriAnuM rAjya thayuM. ke tenuM nAma jainadharmIomAM gharagatu thaI paDayuM che. temaNe avaMtinuM nAma mALavA pADI pitAne mALava saMvata (58) ja, be. bra. je. e. se. pu. 9 pR. 149. calAvyo hato. jo ke vikrama saMvata ane A mALava saMvatane (pa) vikramAdityanA samaye baMdhAvAyuM tethI tene dhama vidrAnAe eka mAnya che paNa kharI rIte tema nathI; jaina hato ema bhArapUrvaka bhale kahI na zakAya; paNa jyAre jIo AgaLanA parioke) A badhAM kAraNe thI samajAze ke badhI vastusthiti ane saMyoge, tevI hakIkatane puSTi Aje prA pitAne saMvatsara calAve, te koI bIjAnA saMva- panArAM hoya, tyAre sahaja dekhAtA ane nAnAM nAnAM banAve sarane upayoga kare nahIM ja. paNa pachI jyAre hiMdutvanI paNa, vizeSa upayogI nIvaDatA lekhI zakAya che; vaLI te athavA eka rASTriyatAnI lAgaNIne janma thaye, tyAre vikrama samaye AkhA bhAratavarSamAM kaI hiMdudharmarAjadharma tarIke saMvatsarano punarUddhAra thayo ho joie. Avo banAva hato ja nahIM. vaidika dharma rAjadharma tarIke kharuM svarUpa tyAre ArAnA ane muslIma prajAnA humalA, hiMda dhAraNa karyuM hoya, te A vikramAdityanA samaya pachI lagabhaga upara thavA mAMDayA tathA teo uttara hiMdanA zAsako thavA 135 varSa bAda che (juo AgaLanA paricachede iMgavaMzI mAMDayA, tyAre banavA pAmela ane tyArathI ja A pravRttine amale vaidika dharma rAjadharma ho ja, paNa tene samaya i. vizeSapaNe uttejana maLyuM lAge che. sa. pU. 204 thI 114 sudhI che, jyAre ApaNe atyAre te pUrve gujarAtamAM cAvaDAvaMzane amala thaI gayo che. i. sa. pu. 57ne eTale zuMga pachI deDha varSa teo jainadhamI hatA. (juo uparanuM ja. be. che. re. e. bAdano samaya vicArI rahyA chIe) eTale ke tyAM sa. pu. 9 pu. 145 nuM lakhANu) temaNe vikrama saMvata sudhI te jaina dharma eka ja bInaharIpha te samaye thAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. te bAda caulukaya vaMza, tene sthApaka pravartI rahyo hate. vaLI juo nIcenI TI. naM. 60-62 mULarAja, dakSiNanA caulukya vaMzamAMthI utarI Avela tathA 63),.

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tRtIya pariccheda ]. dharma tathA cAritrya jAlaurapura najIka, suvarNagiri parvatanA eka IMga vikramanuM ja che. te mATe mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke, upara, yakSavasati nAme zrI mahAvIranuM eka meTuM caityara jyAre jyAre prajAne ema lAgatuM ke amuka rAjAne 99 lakSa (naiyA)nI muDI dharAvatA eka vepArIe 64 rAjaamala, satyasvarUpe prajAnA pitA tarIkeno tathA baMdhAvyuM hatuM. prajAnA saMrakSaka-prajApati tarIkeno nIvaDe che tyAre uparanA saghaLA--sikkAI tathA sAhityIka- tyAre tevA bhUpALanA 5 nAma joDe vikramAdityanuM aitihAsika pramANathI spaSTa thAya che ke, zakAri upanAma' lagADatA; eTale te rAjAno rAjyaamala vikramAdityane tathA tenA AkhA gaIbhIlavaMzano khatama thaI gayA bAda ja te upanAma lAguM paDayuM che, tathA rAjadharma jainadharma hato. ApaNA niyama pramANe tevuM birUda tenI prajAeja jeDayuM che ema bahudhA dharmasaMbaMdhIne A prazna te vaMzanA varNananI samApti mAnavuM rahe che. karyA bAda paricachedanA aMte jaNAva joIto hate. paNuM tenAmAM te nAma pramANe guNe hatA. dareke dareka sAkSI purAvAnAM TAMcaNe truTita thaI javAnI bhItithI mAnuSI saddaguNomAM te eka Adarza rAjapati hato ema ahIMja te lakhI kADhayo che te mATe vAcakavarganI kaI paNa jAtanI atizyakti vinA kahI zakAze. kSamApanA mAMgI lauM chuM. pitAnI prajA upara jema te vAtsalyabhAva dharAvato chellA be hajAra varSa sudhInA kALamAM, hiMdanI hatA, tema prajA paNa, teNe karelA upakAranA badalAmAM bhUmi upara judA judA pradeza upara rAjavahIvaTa tenA upara teTalIja anugrAhI banI rahI hatI. te calAvatA keTalAye nRpatio thaI bhUpatinA memAMthI paDatA bola, prajA pekazakane ane rAjadvArI tathA gayA che. paNa te sarvemAM je koI khaDe page upADI letI hatI. prajAno eTalo badho nitika cAritrya paNa narapatinuM nAma kharA prajA- saMpUrNa vizvAsa tenAmAM jAmI gayo hato ke, tenA vize pati tarIke prajAnA hRdayamAM unAmAM paNa koI vyakti e khyAla nahotI sadaiva ketarAI rahyuM hoya, te te ekalA A vIra karatI, ke te rAjA kaI rIte ApaNuM aniSTa karaze. (1) A jAlaurapurane jAlauranagara, jAlerapurI, jAlera (14) caitya baMdhAvanAra bhale vepArI che; paNa je rAjAnA vigere nAmathI paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. te eka prAcIna rAjya te baMdhAvAyuM tenI sahAnubhUtine eka purAve te jaina tIrtha gaNAya che. vizeSa hakIkata mATe jaina patranA khare ja ne? sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. 59, 60 tathA 12) saukhya mahotsava aMkamAM pR. 41 thI 55 sudhIne 5. (65) sarakhA nIcenI TIkA naM. 66 tathA 67 nuM munizrI kalyANavijayajIe lakhela nibaMdha juo. lakhANa. (61) A suvarNagiri parvatane (TI. naM. 60 mAM (16) A prathA hiMdu rAjAonI hiMdI prajAe akhadarzAvela pU. munizrI kalyANavijayajIe gujarAtamAM Avela tyAra karelI hatI ema samajavuM rahe che. ane tethI karIne hAlanA DIsApa ane bhIlaDIyAjInI AsapAsanA pradezamAM jevI muslIma adhikAranI hiMda upara jamAvaTa thaI ke te hovAnuM TharAvyuM che. (jainayuga nAmanuM mAsika; vi. saM. bAda te naSTa thaI gaI che. 1985 ne aMka juo). (67) pR. 34 TI. naM. 10 From Amarakosa we . (62) zrI mahAvIranuM citya baMdhAvyuM che eTale te learn that sudraka, Hala and other kings baMdhAvanAra jaina hovAnuM siddha thAya che (sarakhAvo uparanuM had the title of vikramaditya amarakeSanA lakhATI. naM. 59). huthI samajAya che ke, zudraka, hAla ane bIjA rAjAoe (63) 99 lakSa senaiyA jeTalI saMpati dharAvanAra vepA- vikramAdityane ilakAba grahaNa karyo hate. (rAjAe pote rIo hatA; A hakIkatathI te samayanI aDhaLaka samRddhine AvuM birUda nahIM grahaNa karela, paNa temanI prajAeja temanA khyAla Ave che, sadaguNathI AkarSAIne te lagADayuM hovuM joie.).

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vikramAdityanAM [ saptama khaMDa jethI karIne te pitAnA harahamezanA vyavahAramAM, pAtra aMgarakSaka laine, pote jAteja janacaryA tapAvepAramAM tathA sAMsArika jIvananA darekedareka kAryamAM, savAne nIkaLI paData.71 keTalAka prasaMge pote bahurUpI nizcitapaNe. kaLAne ane nilayatAthIja AnaMdamAM banIne prajA vargamAM bheLAI jato tathA temanAM kAryo divase gujAryo karatI hatI. raiyatanA naisargika ane nihALatA. vaLI jarUrIyAta ubhI thatI, to jaMgalamAM mAmulI hakonI vyAkhyA paNa vicAravI rahetI nahotI. ke khaMDiyera jevI dekhAtI jagyAomAM bharAI rahevA strIvargane paNa sArI rIte, nIco zvAsa mUkIne nirAMta mATe, tathA bhutAvaLa ane pIzAca jevA jIvAtmAo dharavAno avasara maLyo hato. durAcAra, vyabhicAra ke je manuSyajAtinA devI ane lehI tarasyA kahevAya strI jAti pratyenuM kicita amaryAdita vartana athavA che, temanI sAme paNa khela ramavAne, te taiyAra thaI anya koI prakAranA anIcchanIya prasaMgo ubhA thatA, jAte hato. temaja bhara aMdhakAramaya rAtrImAM athavA te tajajanaka sarve kAryo para turataja ghaTata aMkuza, kAlImAM ane smazAna jevA verAna ane ujajaDa rAja taraphathI mUkI devAmAM AvatA hatA.68 A banI gayelA sthaLAmAM paNa nirbhIka banIne javAmAM, te pramANenI sthiti pravartatI hevAthI, sarve manuSyaprANI, lezamAtra paNa pAchI pAnI karato nahIM. AvI rIte purUSa yA strI, vRddha yA bALa, sarve pitAnAM bahAdarI bharyA kAma karavAne te ekko ja hatuM. teTalA kauTuMbika ane sAmAjIka jIvanamAM, yatheccha rIte mATe prajA tene "vIravikrama" tarIke ja saMbaMdhitI amanacamana karye jatAM hatAM. jema teNe prajAnAM AvI hatI. prajA kalyANanA mArge javAnuM, te pitAnuM prAthamika hakkonuM paripAlana karI batAvyuM hatuM, tema parama kartavya samajato hato. tema potAnA jIvanI teonI Arthika viSamatA TALavAne paNa teNe khUba jokhamanI paNa kanavAra karate nahIM. A badhuM pitAnI prayAsa karyo hato. Arthika upAdhi ane viSamatAnA vAhavAha kahevarAvavA karato hato ema paLavAra paNa mULa kAraNabhUta, corI, lUMTaphATa, dhADa, khUna vigere kAI e mAnavuM nahIM. te te je karato hato, te mAtra du-guhAe I. I. je bekArI bhegavatA mANasamAM potAnI eka rAjavI tarIkenI parama pavitra pharaja jIvananirvAha calAvavAnA bahAnA heThaLa praveza thavA jaganiyaMtAe tenA upara mUkI che ane te teNe pAmyA hatA, te paNa teNe vicArapUrvakanI rAjanIti adA karavI joIe, evA vicArathI ja karate hate. goThavIne mULamAMthIja DAMbhI dIdhA hatA.9 chatAM eTale niSkAma bhAveja te sarva kArya karye jato hato. rAjanItithI je dabAI zakyA nahotA, tene vinAza pariNAme je koI rAjavI, pitAnI yazakIrti digaMta kAyadAnA aMkuzadvArA 70 karI nAMkhyo hato. AvAM vyApI bane evI abhilASA sevI, prajA kalyANanAM kAryane mATe tenA vize ema kahevAya che ke, te pite kAryo karato rahe che tevA rAjavI karatAM paNa adhikAMze rAtrInA samaye paNa sukhethI nidrA lete nahIM. madhyarAtrIe A bhUpatinA yaza ane guNagAna dIpI nIkaLyAM chUpA veSe kALo aMdhera pozAka paherIne, thoDAka vizvAsa hatAM.73 nahIM te adyApi parvata, kema keI samrATa (68) sarakhA upara mAM rAjA bhartuharInI rANIne kalaMkita cAritra vALo banAva. (19) A uparathI samajo ke corI, lUMTaphATa vigere gunhAonA nivAraNa mATe kevaLa kAyadAnuM ja A lakhana upAgala nathI; paraMtu rAjanItine paNa amuka raste vALavI paDe ke jethI tevA dhaMdhA tarapha prajAnuM mana derAya nahIM. () juo uparanI TIkA na, 19, (71) sarakhA pR.4 upara hiM.hinA lekhanuM igrejImAM He himself went out in disguise vALA zabdonuM avataraNa. (72) sarakhA pa. 38 TI. naM. 3 nI hakIkata. (73) bIjA paNa aneka guNo tenAmAM hatA. temAMnA eka mATe juo 25 pU. mAM "khUna ke maraNa" vALA pAhimA

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tRtIya pariccheda . dharma tathA cAritrya athavA rAjarAjezvaranuM nAma hiMdI prajAnAM aMtaHkaraNamAM zakAya te kahI na ja zakAya. paNa tenA vaDIlabaMdhu dhara karI na rahyuM? paNa ekalA A rAjavInuM nAma ja zakAri vikramAdityanA rAjyakALa daramyAna, rAjyanA temaNe hRdayamAM dhArI rAkhyuM (1) tenuM kAraNa upara eka mahAna staMbharUpa te gaNAto hato. ane amuka jaNAvyA pramANe, sarva prakAre teNe prajAnAM dila raMjana saMjogomAM, tene rAjyanI kula lagAma paNa sAcavavI karIne jItI lIdhAM hatAM teja che. tenA manamAM sAce paDayAne mokre ubhe thayo hato. ATalA darajaje prajAprema jAgyo hato ane teNe te prema eka bhUpa- purANakAroe tene paNa avaMtipatinI nAmAvalImAM tinI sarva zaktio amalamAM mUkI, manuSya tarIke gaNavAnuM munAsiba dhAyuM dekhAya che. tethI ApaNe paNa bajAvyo hato. TUMkamAM kahevAnuM ke harakeI temaja samUcita te rItinuM anukaraNa karIzuM. prakAre, prajAprema chatA teja tenA jIvanavahananI4 hakIkata e banI hatI ke, rAjA vikramAdityane cAvI banI gaI hatI. nyAya toLavo eTalo badhe priya lAgato hato, ke upara te mAtra prajAnA sAmAjika jIvananI jema samrATa priyadarzine dharmapracAra mATe bhekha laIne hADamArIne, teNe karela ukela vizaja jaNAvAyuM che. amara nAma karyuM che, paMDita cANakyae rAjAne paNa tethI ema nathI samajavAnuM ke prajAsaMbaMdhI anya barAbara amalamAM mUkavAnI dhUnane pAra pADI amarakIrti zretrI kAryomAM-rAjakIya, Arthika ke dhArmika-tene karI che. tema A zakArine paNa nyAya utAravA AkAza joitA ho saMtoSavA, jALavavA ke vRddhi karI ApavA pAtALa eka karavAnI dhUna lAgI hatI. eTale jyAre tarapha te durlakSa rAkhato hato athavA beparavA banAvo nyAya chatAM, kAI aTapaTo prazna ubho thato tyAre, hato. tema banavA pAmyuM ja nathI. ulaTuM, potAnI tenA amaladArAnAja kathanamAtrathI saMtoSa na pakaDatA, buddhi pahoMcI, te pramANamAM teNe kAMIne kAMI sudhArA pite chupAveze aMdhAra pIchoDo oDhI, rAtrI carcA vadhArA karyAja karyA hatA. TUMkamAM upara jaNAvyA nIhALavAne utarI paData; ane aneka guhya bAtamI pramANe, te eka Adarza rAjavI ane narapuMgava tarIkenuM meLavato. pitAnA te niyamAnusAra, ekadA evo ja jIvana jANI zake che, temaja AcAramAM paNa teNe te prasaMga ubhuM thayuM hovAthI tene rAjapATanI bahAra makI batAvyuM che. tenI kIrti je jaLavAI rahI che, amaka samaya sudhI javAnI jarUrIAta lAgI hatI. te tenI IcchAno paripAka nathI, paNa teNe darelAM ane teTalA vakhata sudhI rAjyano sAthe kArabhAra pUNyakarmonAM bahumUlI phaLAnuM pariNAma mAtraja , pitAne vizvAsu laghutrAtA bhatRharInA hAthamAM se ema samajavuM. hata7. A sthiti keTale vakhata cAlu rahI hatI te bhartuharI-bharatharI zudiyA kahevAne kaI sAmagrI ApaNI pAse nathI. A rAjAne adhikAra svataMtra rIte te gaNI rAjA bhartuharI paNa pitAnA vaDIla baMdhunI peThe (94) A Akhe pArigrAphaja tenI sAkSI rUpe samajo. vikramAditya avAra navAra rAjyamAMthI gerahAjara rahetA (75) kavitAmAM, duhAomAM I. sekagItamAM tene levAthI, kulakulAM rAjA bharatharI ja manAte hate. juo rAjA bharatharI' tarIke oLakhAvAyo che. paNa kharI rIte te nIcenI TIka naM. 77 rAjapadavIo A lAgato nathI. tene ane tenA vaDIla (76) A prasaMga zuM ubho thayo hato te haju baMdhu vikramAdityane, eTalI badhI prIti hatI ke vikramAdi- jaNAyuM nathI. paNa ati mahatvane haze ema sahaja tya rAjapade hatA ane pite phaTA ha; chatAM eTalI anumAna karI zakAya che. badhI sattA ane haka te bhagavate hatuM ke, keNu rAjA ne (7) juo pR. 4 TI. 9 nuM aMgrejI avataraNa tathA keNu nahIM, te pArakhavuM kaThina thaI paDatuM hatuM. temaja rAjA sarakhAvo uparanI TIkA 5.

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gardabhIla vaMzanA [ saptama khaDa prajAvatsala rAjA hato. teNe TuMka vakhatanA kArabhArAmAM A pramANe teNe rAjyalagAma je samaya mATe grahaNa paNa, prajAno cAha sAro jItI lIdhA hatA. Ano purA karI hatI te sarva rAjA vikramAdityanA samayanI aMtaramAM e che ke jyAre teNe saMsArane tyAga karI bhekha laI samAviSTa thatA hatA eTale svataMtra rAjavI tarIke jelavAsa karyo. tyAre prajAe potAne je zoka tenI gaNanA karAya nahIM. teNe saMsAra tyAga karyA pachI, (leka kathAmAM gavAI rahela che te pramANe) vyakta pAchI gAdi vikramAdityaja saMbhALI lIdhI hatI. have karyo hato te uparathI maLI zake che. prasaMga ema pachI keTalA varSa te jIvyo che tene patto nathI. paNa banyo hato ke, prajAmAM je vyabhicAra ati moTA A vikramAditya zakArine maraNa I. sa. 4 mAM thayuM pramANamAM TheTha zuMgavaMzI rAjAonA amalathI cAlyo hatuM eTaluM nakkI che. te pachI tene putra mAdhavAditya AvatA hatA ( juo uparamAM pariccheda pahelAnuM avaMtinI gAdIe Avyo hato. varNana ),-keTalAka samaya thayAM praveza karI gayo hate- (3) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) tenuM moTA bhAge nikaMdana te thaI javA pAmyuM ja hatuM. vikramacaritraH mAdhavasena chatAM ekadama vinAza thayo nahoteja. A durguNane sAmAnya praNAlikA evI che ke, pratyeka rAjavInuM bhoga, rAjA bhartuharInI rANI piMgalA banI hoya vRttAMta pRthaka pRthakapaNe AlekhavuM joIe. chatAM ahIM ema nATaya pustake uparathI samajAya che; ane tenI traNa traNa vyaktionAM vRttAMta ekI sAthe lakhavAnuM khAtrI saMpUrNapaNe rAjAne thatAM, tenuM mana saMsAra uparathI sAhasa UThAvavuM paDayuM che; kemake (1) pustaka pahelAmAM udgavigna thayuM hatuM, jethI te bhekha laI rAjyano varNa vAyalA, prAcIna samayanA AkhAne AkhA aneka tyAga karI, jaMgalamAM nIkaLI paDayo hata78. pAchaLathI bhAratIya rAjavaMze vize 80, jema itihAsa taddana te samAcAra rAjA vikramAdityane kAne paDatAM teNe AvI aMdhakAramaya hato, tema A gardabhIlavaMza vizenI sthiti rAjakAja saMbhALI lIdhuM hatuM, paNa che, ema kahevuM atizyokitabharyuM nathI. jethI rAjA bhartuharI pote vidyAvilAsI hato. kavitA ati prayAsavaDe tAravI kADhelAM anumAna, ghaNI ghaNI racavAno paNa zokhIna hate. je teNe pitAnA nAma sAvacetI rAkhyA chatAMye, koIne nAme caDI javAno zakAdiya uparathI-zakasati nAme racela graMtha uparathI saMbhava rahI jata jaNAya che. vaLI (2) A traNe samajI zakAya che. temaja jaMgalavAsI banyA 9 bAda rAkanone samagra sattAkALa, bhale 90 varSa jeTalo prasaMgane chAjatAM aneka kAvyo racyAM che te uparathI paNa TharAva paDe che ane vartamAnakALanA ItihAsanA samajAya che. bhartRharIne sAdI bhASAmAM, rAjA bharatharI, lekhaka, te teTalA kALanuM aneka pRSThonuM vAMcana ApI kahIne saMbodhavAmAM Avyo che. pote kayAre maraNa zake teTalI sAmagrI upajAvI zake che; jyAre ApaNuM pAmyo te jaNAyuM nathI. kSetre hAtha dharela samayanA te mAtra cArapAMcaja (78) sarakhA pR. 4 uparanA IgrejI lakhANa vALa bhAga "Younger brother Bhartruhari, the noted poet,-several years after, Bhartrihari disgu- sted with the world, through a family calamity let Raj to his ministers and passed into religious retirement. (79) bhagavA dhAraNa karI jaMgalavAsa se hoya e phalitArtha daMtakathAmAM nIkaLe che. paNa tene kuladharmanI hakIkata tapAsIzuM te te jaina dharmAnusAcI hoI, teNe jaina dIkSA lIdhI hatI ema kahI zakAya. (80) AvAM nAmeAmAM nIcenA rAjavaMze gaNI 215121. kozaLadezano rAjA prasenajItavALe; kAzIdezane rAja brahadrathane; videzanA rAjA udayanano; avaMtipati pratavaMzI rAjAo: dipati mahAme vAhana rAjane; siMdhu- sauvIrapati udayana rAjAne; I. I.

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tRtIya paricheda ] anya rAjAo banAva81 hAtha lAgyA che. temAMye tenuM varNana te kALa, vacalA naM. 4 karatAM dIghakAlInaja haze. kemake gaNyAgAMThayAM pRSThamAMja samApta thaI jAya tema che; ane naM. 2 vALA vikramAdityanA rAjyakALa jyAre cokkasa teTalAne pAchuM bhinna bhinna rAjavInA nAma taLe vaheMcI paNe 60 varSa jeTaluM jaNAyaja che tema tenI pAchaLa nAMkhatA Akho dekhAva karI jato hoya, tevuM dazya AvanAra naM. 3no rAjyakALa paNa saMyogAnusAra khaDuM thaI javAnI bhIti utpanna thAya che. mATe te ThIkaThIka lAMbo karAvyo che tathA tene naM. rane putra sarvene hAla te ekatrita karIne raju karavAnuM gya hovAnuM paNa jaNAvAyuM che; eTale pelA niyamAnusAra lAgyuM che. ka95nA karatI rahe che ke naM. 4ne zAsanakALa a5 A traNene anukrame ApaNe 40 10 ane samayIja hovo joie. A pramANe traNenAM sthAna, nAma tathA samaya bAbatamAM paraspara sthiti vizenI varSe arpaNa karyA che, ane tema karavAnAM kAraNe tathA saMbhAvanA jANI levI. have temanA saMbaMdhamAM jaNAyelA dalIle prathama paricchede jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale banAvanI paryAcanA karIe. ahIM pAchA temAM utaravAnI jarUra jaNAtI nathI. paraMtu atre eTaluM jaNAvIzuM ke temanA nAmano anu- je cAra pAMca banAve nedhAyelA najare paDayA kamamAM pheraphAra kadAca hoya khare. eTale ke naM. 5 nuM che te A pramANe cheH (1) rAjataraMgiNikAranA nAma je vikramacaritra u mAdhavasena jaNAvyuM che tene kahevA pramANe koIka vikramAdityane maMtrigupta nAme badale kadAca naM. 3 nuM nAmaja te hoya athavA mAdha- o kAzimaravALA pradeza upara rAjavahIvaTa calAvI vasena nAma naM. 3 nuM ja hoya ane naM. 5 vALo gayo che. (2) ja. . . . e. se. pu. 9 pR. vikramacaritra urphe mAdhavAditya kahevAI gayo hoya; je ke 14ramAM jaNAvyA pramANe In a Marwari, naM. 3 ane naM. 5 nA sthAna athavA nAma vize manuscript of 121 pages without date, zaMkAzIlatA udabhave che, paraMtu naM.4 mATe te te bemAMthI klardabhilais said to have 84 Samantas eka zaMkAne sthAna nathI rahetuM; kemake vikramAdityanI samaya nAMdhyA vinAnI 121 pRSThonI eka mAravADI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAranuM nAma mAdhavasena (pachI hastalikhita pithImAM gabhIlane 84 sAmato hovAnuM mAdhavAditya paNa heya) jaNAyeluMja che; jyAre naM. kaheluM che. (3) vikramAdityanA putra mAdhavasene arabI 4 nuM nAma te ApaNe dharmAdityaja eTale ke mAdhavA- samadramAMnA eka TApunA keI rAjAnI sulocanA nAmanI ditya ane mAdhavasenathI taddana bhinna paDI jAya tevuMja kuMvarI sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM.85 (4) hiMdanA vAyavya karAvyuM che. eTale tenuM sthAna tathA nAma nizcita lAge prAMtomAM pelI je daMtakathA pracalita thayelI hatI ke che. uparAMta traNenA samayanA aMkamAM paNa thoDAM dhaNAM dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarIne keAI gardabhavere paraNAvI varSanI heraphera rahevA saMbhava che. chatAM eTaluM nakkI hatI.81 (5) tathA jaina sAhityamAM ema lakhela kahI zakAya ke naM. 3 ane naM. 5 ema baMne rAjya- mAluma paDe che ke 87 temanA aMtima tIrthaMkara zrI (81) A banAvanuM vistRta varNana AgaLa upara lakhavAmAM AvyuM che. (82) A badhI hakIkata prathama paricachede jaNAvAI gaI che. (83) A niyamane AdhAra aneka rAjavaMzI nAmAvaLI goThavavAmAM aneka vakhata pu. 1 mAM ApaNe le paDo che; vatsadezanA zatAnikanI avaMtinA caMDaprotanI I. I. te niyama pramANe jANavo. (84) uparamAM pR. 41 jue. (85) uparamAM pR. 5 jue. (86) uparamAM pR. 8 juo. (87) pariziSTa parva jue. kAzInA zizunAga vaMzanI

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* gardabhIlavaMzanA [ saptama khaMDa " mahAvIranI paMdaramI pATe thayela zrI vajasvAmi nAmane te anumAna baMdhabesatuM thatuM nathI. tyAre bIjo kayo AcArya zatruMjaya parvata upara tIrthoddhAra karAvyo hate. vikramAditya gardabhIlavaMzI hoI zake? te tapAsavAnuM rahe te samayanA arasAmAM avaMtipati rAjA vikramAditye che. itihAsa ApaNane zIkhave che ke, InDopArthiana tathA zatavahanavaMzI rAjA hAla-zAlivAhane paNa zahenazAha geDakAranesane hiMdadezane rAjyavahIvaTa zatraya parvata upara keTalAMka dhArmika kAryo ujavyAM I. sa. 45mAM khatama thayo che ane paMjAba tathA hatAM.88 A pAMca banAvo kenA samaye banyA hovA uttarahiMdamAM kazAnavaMzI rAjAone amala I. sa.nI joie tathA tene saMkalita bIjI kaI kaI dhaTana thavA pahelI sadInA uttarArdhamAM vidvAnonI mAnyatA pramANe pAmI hatI teno vicAra karIzuM. te pAcene anukramavAra i. sa. 78 che.88 mArI gaNatrImAM te samaya i. sa. tapAsIe. 103 Ave che.) thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. eTale ke - prathama kAzmira upara maMtriguptanI sUbAgIrIvALA . sa. 45 thI 103 sudhInA 50-60 varSanA gALAmAM ya mado tapAsIe.-pR. 41 mAM carcA karatAM jaNvI koI gardabhIlavazI rAjA parAkramI nIvaDe hAya gayA chIe ke A maMtrigupta te gardabhIlavaMzI vikra- tenoja rAjaamala te pradeza upara hoI zake, ane mAdityanA hAkema haze. paNa A vikramAditya kare te pR. 7 uparanI vaMzAvaLI jotAM tenuM nAma vikramacaritraH tyAM jaNAvyuM nathI. sAmAnya rIte zakAri vikramAditya mAdhavasena dekhAya che. jethI saMbhava che ke vikramacaritrane te hovAnuM mAnI levAyaja, paNa aitihAsika sthiti paNa vikramAdityanA nAmathI prAcIna ItihAsakAroe tapAsatAM te mAnyatA TakI zake tema lAgatuM nathI. oLakhAvI dIdhuM hoya. eTale vizeSa saMbhavita e kemake je tenI sattA kAzmira upara sthApita thayAnuM mAnavuM rahe che ke, vikramacaritra gardabhIlanI sattA svIkArI levAya to phalitArtha e thayo ke, tenI : avaMtithI mAMDIne keDa kAzmira sudhI phelAvA pAmI rAjagAdIvALA prAMta avaMtithI mAMDIne kAzmira sudhI hatI ane tyAM vahIvaTa calAvavA teNeja pitA taraphathI vacce AvatA sarva pradeza tene tAbe hatA evI maMjhigama nAmanA pradhAnane nImyo hate. ema paNa sthitino svIkAra karyo kahevAya. have vikramAdityano prazna udabhavI zake che, geDaphAranesane amala I. sa. samayakALa I. sa. pU. 57 thI I. sa. 3 sudhInA 60 45 mAM baMdha thayo che, te samaye avaMtipati te naM. 4 varSane hevAnuM sAbita thayuM che. (juo pR. 7nI vALa dharmAditya hatA. eTale 45 thI 53 sudhInA vaMzAvaLI) ane te samaye paMjAba prAMta utara te InDo- pitAnA samaya daramyAna keI kALe teNe te pradeza jItI pAaina zahenazAha ajhIlIjha ane ajhIjha bIjAnI lIdho hoya ema zuM na banI zake ? saMbhavita che. paraMtu hakamata cAlu hatI (juo pu. 3 mAM temanA vRttAMtA) tene rAjyaamala mAtra 10 varSaja cAlyA che eTale eTale te samaye zakAri vikramAdityanI ANa tyAM hatI te sthiti dhyAnamAM letAM, . 5 vALAnuM rAjya je (8) AnI keTalIka hakIkata uparamAM apAI gaI uttara hiMdanA A prAMtamAM mAsanI gaNatrI pUrNimAMta che te juo. paddhatieja cAlu rahI dekhAya che. jayAre madhya hiMda, ane ' (89) I. e. pu. 37 pR. 39:-Prof. Oldenberg pazcimamAM amAsAMta paddhati (vikrama saMvatanI) dAkhala put forth the statement that Kanishka thaI gaI hatI. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, uttara hiMdamAM bhale founded the Saka era and this theory has rAjadvArI hakumatane pheraphAra thaye haze paNa te bahu TuMka been generally accepted by the majority of samaya mATeneja hovo joIe. kemake AkhA kuzanavaMzI rAja oriental scholars=pro. elDanabarga sUcana karyuM ke, amalamAM paNa teja paddhati pAchI mAlUma paDI che. ( juo kaniSka zakasaMvata sthApyo hate. ane paurvAtya vidvAnonI AgaLanA paricchede According to Dr. Kielhorn bahumatie te pakSa sAmAnya rIte svIkArI lIdhuM hatuM. himself vALuM avataraNa.)

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anya rAjAo 40 varSa cAlyuM che tene vizeSa parAkramI hovAnuM mAnI pAMcamA mudAmAM kevaLa jaina sAhityane ja saMbaMdha zakAya tema che. tethI tenA phALe te jIta caDAvavAnuM hovAnuM manAya che. TuMkamAM te sthiti A pramANe vadhAre munAsIba lAge che. tema tenuM nAma paNa vikramane jaNAvAya che. zrI mahAvIranI paMdaramI pATe thayela maLatuM Ave che, nahIM ke dharmAdityanuM. AcArya zrI vajIsvAmie (temane samaya vikrama saM. bIjo muddo--kAI gardabhIlane tAbe 84 sAmaMte 78 thI 114=I. sa. 21 thI 57=36 varSa gaNAya hovAnI mAnyatA vizeno laI evaMzAvaLI jotAM che) zatruMjya parvata upara tIrthoddhAra karAvyo che. temAM AvA parAkramI gadaMbhIlemAM te naM. 2, 3, ke 5 mukhya bhAga lenAra ane dravya kharcanAra tarIke jAvaDa vALAne mUkI zakAya tema che. jo ke naM. 2 vALAjate zAha zeThanuM nAma dharAyuM che. A zeTha mULe saurASTra gardabhUla hoya te mAnyatA tarapha valaNa dekhItI rIte dezamAM dakSiNe Avela mahuvA-madhuvatI nagarI-nA vizeSa jatuM kahI zakAya. paNa jyAre naM. 2 vALAnA vatanI hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma bhAvaDazAha hatuM. te rAjya vistAramAM paMjAba ke kAzimara na hovAnuM, paraMtu zeTha vahANo dvArA aneka paradezo sAthe vepAra kheDatA te te (uparamAM prathama mudo juo) naM. pa vALAnI hatA. temAM dravya prApti thatAM, jyAM hAla arabastAna ANumAMja AvyAnuM sAbita thAya che. tethI nirvivAda Avela che, te pradeza upara svAmitva meLavI te jamInane paNe mAnavuM paDaze ke naM. 2 vALA zakAri vikrama karatAM bhagavaTo karatA hatA. te karoDapati gaNAtA hatA, ane naM. 5 vALo vikrama gardabhIla vizeSa gauravavaMtA ane sAmAjIka prasaMge potAnI janmabhUmi-saurASTra tarapha prabhAvazALI he joIe. tathA 84 sAmaMtonA utarI AvatA hatA. te eka prasaMga, upara nirdiSTa adhipati tarIke teneja lekhavo paDaze. thayela zrI vajIsvAminA samaye zatruMjayanA tIrthoddhAra trIjo mudo--keIka vikramAdityanA putra mAdhavasenanuM nA kAraNe banavA pAmyo hato. A vRttAMta uparathI lagna, arabI samudramAMnA TApunA adhipatinI kuMvarI samajAya che ke jAvaDazAha zeTha, arabI samudramAM sulecanA sAthe thayuM hatuM te muddo, sulocanA nAmaja Avela arabastAna nAme dIpaka95 upara athavA ema sUcave che ke te kaI Arya ane hiMdula0 rAjAnI tenI AsapAsanI kaI jamIna-TApu-upara Adhipatya kaMvarI haze. te rAjA koNa? kayA TApuno svAmI ? tathA dharAvatA hatA; ane dharmakArya nimitta athavA anya tenuM nAma zuM? te vize temAM koI ullekha sarakhA sAmAjIka kAryane aMge, vAraMvAra pitAnI janmabhUmi paNa karavAmAM Avyo nathI; eTale kaI prakAranuM anumAna -saurASTramAM AvatA hatA. teo dharma jaina hatA tema karavA jevI sthitimAM ApaNe nathI. paraMtu vicAratAM dharmabhakta paNa hatA. tevI ja rIte ApaNane mAhitI mane ema lAge che ke, pAMcamAM muddAnI hakIkata paNa maLI che ke ( juo pu. 3mAM) gardabhIla vaMzI je sAthe sAthe vicArI levAya te kadAca tenI Ti zakAri vikramAditye tathA tenA mitra evA adhipati saMdhAI zake tema che. eTale cotho mudo mulatavI rAkhI hAla zAlivAhane, sAthe maLIne jainAcArya pAdaliptaprathama pAMcamAnI tapAsa levAnuM hAtha dharIzuM. sari, nAgArjuna ane AkhapuTanI vidyamAnatA (90) arabastAnamAM atyAre muslima prajA vase che. pahelA saikAnI che eTale ke islAma dharmane hadaya thaye te eTale koIne Azcarya thaze ke zuM AvA muslima pradezamAM prave cha varasanI che. vaLI ApaNe pu. 2 pR. 63. TI. hiMdao vasI zake ane temAMya vaLI teo rAjakartA tarIke naM. 54 kapara sikkAnI carcA karatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke rahI zake? temanI zaMkAnA nivAraNamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, IslAma A pradeza upara paNa jaina rAjAonI sattA hatI tema tyAM dharmanI utpatti i. sa.nA sAtamA saikAmAM thayAnuM manAya che; te dharma pracalita paNa hate. vanyAre ApaNe ahIM vAta karI rahyA chIe te to I. sa. nA (1) A pAdaliptasUrinA nAma uparathI pAli

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52 gardabhIlavaMzanA [ saptama khaMDa mAM zatruMjaya upara keTalAMka dhArmika kAryo karAvyAM te banne hakIkatane samayane meLa khAto jarUra kahI che. eTale ema anumAna bAMdhavo rahe che ke, teo zakAya. eTale teja pramANe vastusthiti hoya to ema sarve jaina dharmAnayAyI hatA. A hakIkata ApaNane nakkI thAya che ke na. 3 vALA gardabhIla teja evA sAra upara laI jAya che ke, gardabhIla vaMzI zAha zeThane jAmAtR thatuM hatuM.. rAjAo jainadharmI hatA. ane jaina dharmanA pavitra eka bIjI saMbhAvanA paNa vicArI levI rahe che. tIrthadhAma zatruMjaya upara, dhArmika kAryo karI dharmAta vajAcAryane samaya I. sa. 21 thI 57 ne che ujavaLa karavAmAM temaNe pitAne saMgIna phALo noMdhAvyA eTale temanA samakAlIna tarIke na. 4 ane naM. 5 hatA. eTale saMbhava che ke gardabhIla rAjAe pitAnI nA gardabhIla rAjAo paNa kahI zakAya. ane te dhArmika vRttine lIdhe, jAvaDazAha jevA svadharmI dhanADhaya bemAMthI paNa ekAdano saMbaMdha, zAmATe jAvaDazAha jAgIradAra sAthe avAranavAra gADha samAgamamAM AvyA zeThanI sAthe sagapaNathI na baMdhAya hAya? banavA hoya ane te saMsarga kuTuMba saMbaMdha joDavAne pariNamyo navI sasaMga kuTuMba saMbadha navIna pAraNuM khyA joga che. paNa tIrthoddhAranAM je kArya karAyAM che tene hoya. A paristhiti pramANe je banavA pAmyuM samaya zrI vajAcAryanA purvAddhamAM che eTale te hoya te kaMvarI sulocanAne A saurASTravAsI ane hisAbamAM letAM na. 4 ane naM. 5 nA karatAM naM. 3 arabastAna jevA pradeza upara bhagavaTa dharAvatA zahi nI sAtheno saMbaMdha ane paricaya jAvaDazAhane vizeSa sodAgara zeTha jAvaDazAhanI putrI ja samajatI rahe che. paze hA joIe ema mAnavuM rahe che. tapAsI rahelA lagnamAM, kanyA pAnAonI bhALa uparanAM anumAna je satya Thare to naM. 3 ane ATale darajajo meLavI zakAI che. to have vara pAse naM. 5 vALA banAve gabhIlavazI naM. 3 nA rAjyane paNa pattA meLavavA prayatna karavo rahe che; ke te kaye lagatA TharAvavA paDaze. gaIbhIla vaMzI rAjA hoI zake? lekhaka mahAzaye te e mudo jenI tapAsa karavI mutavI rAkhI spaSTa nirdeza karyo che ke vikramAdityano putra mAdhava- hatI te have vicArIe. dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarIne sena te sulocanAne pati hate. ane vikramAdityano koI gardabha vere paraNAvyAnI vAyavya prAMtamAM cAlI matra eTale pR. 7 nI vaMzAvaLImAM naM. 3 vALI rahelI daMtakathAne lagate te che. vAyavyaprAMtamAM prathamamAM vyakti kare che. te kathana vyAjabI che ke kema te have prathama je kAI gardabhIlanI sattA jAmavA pAmI hAya ApaNe kasI joie. . 3 no rAjyakALa I. sa. te te uparamAM sAbita karI gayA pramANe naM. 5 3 thI 43 che. jyAre zatruMjayanA tIrthoddhArane samaya vALAnI ja che. ane jyAre daMtakathAmAM koI gardabhavere ane AcArya zrI vajIravAmino zAsanakALa uparamAM paraNAvavAnI-nahIM ke ApaNuM rAjAvere paraNAvavAnI jaNAvyA pramANe I. sa. 21 thI 57ne che. eTale hakIkata che tyAre ema nakkI thayuM kahevAya ke te gAmanuM nAma paDayuM che eTale samajAya che ke te samayathIja 12) nuM maraNa I. sa. 6 ( juo pu. 5 mAM aMdhrapatinI zatruMjya parvatanI taLeTI, junAgaDhathI khaseDIne te sthAne vaMzAvaLI)mAM che; jyAre vajasvAminA netRtvamAM jAvaDazAha ANavAmAM AvI haze. zeThe zatru jayane tIrthoddhAra karela che tene samaya I. sa. (2) A banAvane samaya jainasAhitya graMthamAM vikrama 50 lagabhaga che; eTale sAbita thaze ke vasvAminA pUrve saMvatanI Adine jaNAvyuM che eTale ke I. sa. pU.57 bAda 25-50 varSe rAjA vikrama, zAlivAhana tathA jainAcAryo daza paMdareka varSamAM te sa banyAnuM gaNI zakAze. tema gaI. pAdalipta, nAgArjuna ane AryakhapuTa thaI gayA che. bhIla vikramAditya zakArinuM maraNa I. sa. 3 mAM ane hAla (93) uparamAM pR. 43-44 juo. zAlivAhana-vikramAditya (jIe 5. 34 nI TIne, 10 tathA (94) A sthiti sUcave che ke, te samaye laina

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* tRtIya paricheda ]. anya rAjAo 53 daMtakathA pracalita thavAne samaya vahelAmAM vahelo naM. rAjayavistAravA jevo avakAza paNa tene maLe nahetA. nA samaye thayo hovo joie. eTale gaIbhare jyAM kAMIka rAjagAdI upara TharIThAma besavAno vakhata dhAra rAjAnI kanyA paraNAvavAnI hakIkata to naM. 5 nI Avyo hato tyAM te pitAnAja avicArI kRtyane pahelAnA koI rAjAnA kALe banI gaI hovI joIe. lIdhe tene AMtarakaleza mATe taiyAra thaI javuM paDayuM ane itihAsanA paricayathI ApaNe jANI cUkyuM hatuM. pariNAme zaka prajAnuM rAjya avaMti upara nirmANa chIe ke te gardabhIlarAjA anya koI nahIM, paNa thayuM hatuM, je sarva hakIkatathI ApaNe paricita thaI A gardabhIlavaza Adi purUSa ane zakAri vikrama- gayA chIe. A zaka prajAnI ati juhamabharI rAjadityane pitA gaMdharvasena urphe darpaNu rAjA hatA. nItine lIdhe temanA hAthamAMthI te, ulaTuM temaNe rAjA A pramANe have ApaNe pAMce banAvanI tapasIla galola pAsethI meLavelA gadaMbhIla pAsethI meLavelI bhUmimAM paNa moTo bhAga tapAsI lIdhI kahevAya. teonuM pariNAma TakamAM ema sarI gayA hatA. eTale ke teo nAmazeSa jamInanAja nedhI zakAya ke temAMnA prathama, dvitIya, ane caturtha sattAdhArI rahyA hatA. paNa jevI zakAri vikramAditye muddAo gardabhIlavazI naM. 5 vALA rAjAne lagatA avaMtinI gAdI kabaje karI, ke teNe Aste Aste che; jyAre tRtIya ane paMcama muddAo gardabhIlavaMzI rAjayanA hada vistAra rAjyanI hada vistAravA mAMDI hatI. ane sauthI maTe na, 8 vALA rAjAnA samayanA che. A sivAya bIjuM pradeza to teNe zAhIvaMzI rUSabhadattanA putra devaNukane kAMI, AmAMnA keAI rAjavIo viSe jANavAmAM harAvI karIne potAnI aNumAM meLavI lIdho hato, eTale AvyuM nathI eTale ApaNe temanAM vRttAMta samApta pariNAma e AvyuM hatuM ke, rAjA nahapANanA maraNa thayAM lekhIzuM. samaye jeTalo pradeza avaMtinI sattAmAM hato, teTale saghaLe vyavahArU rIte A vikramAdityanA kabajAmAM ApaNuM sthApita niyama pramANe gardabhIlavaMzanA AvI gayo hato. athavA TUMkamAM ema kahIe ke Akho varNananA aMte ja temanA pratyeka rAjAonA rAjya madhya hiMdustAna-pUrvathI pazcima sudhI-tenI ANumAM vistArano khyAla Apata. paNa hato te te vAstavika kahevAze. A uparAMta anya vikamacaritrane temane lagatI vizeSa hakIkata bhUmi tene meLavavA jevuM rahetuM nahotuM; kemake dakSiNa rAjya vistAra jyAM upalabdha na thatI hoya tyAM AkhAmAM gardabhIlavaMza sAthe parama maMtrI dharAvatA aMdhasvataMtra pariccheda te mATe na ii pationI hAka vAgI rahI hatI jyAre AkhAye uttara rakatAM yathAsthAne te hakIkata jaNAvI devI ja rahe che, tha, hiMdamAM InDo-pArthiansa zahenazAhano jhaMDo pharakI tethI atra te lakhIzuM. rahyo hato. tema pitAnI hakumatamAM Avela pradezanI rAjA gardabhasenaH darpaNu, kSaharATa nahapANanI pAchaLa vastI, purA thayela zaka prajAnA rAja amalathI eTalI turataja avaMtipati thayo hovAthI, svabhAvika rIte tenI badhI trAsIne behAla banI gaI hatI. ke prathama to sattAne sarva pradeza tene vArasAmAM maLI gayo gaNAya. tene AMtarika suleha ane zAMti tathA vyavasthA karavApaNa nahapANane khare gAdIvArasa tene jamAI nIja jarUrIAta hatI; eTale te kAmamAMja teNe vRSabhana hato. eTale tenI sattA taLe je je prAto potAnI sarva zakti ane samaya rokI dIdhAM hatAM. hatA te sarve teNe pacAvI pADayA hatA; jethI gaMdharvasenanA pariNAme tene rAjakALa joke bahuja dIrdhakAlI hise bahu juja praderAja rahyo hato. tema tene nivaDayo hato, are kaho ke ApaNI maryAdAmAM aMkita rAjyakALa eTale badhe alpasamayI nIvaDe che ke thatA sarve bhAratIya rAjAomAM tene naMbara pahele bathathI jeThAvAne varNabheda aDe Avate nahIM. vaica ane kSatriyA lagnathI joDAI zakatA hatA.

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vikramacaritrane [ saptama khaMDa ke bIjo paNa mUkI zakAya tevo hate, chatAM te bahu sAmarthyavAna nahetA. eTale hiMdanI sImA bahAra bhUmivistAranI sAdhanA keLavI zake nahoto ja; tema aTakIne rAjaya calAvavAno temane saMtoSa dhAraNa kare vaLI je zAMti ane rAmRddhino vAraso teNe pitAnA paDa hato. teTalAmAM I. sa. 93mAM rAjA vikramacaritranuM patrane se hato. te teNe nibhAvye rAkhyA hatA maraNa nIpajyuM. te pachI zuM zuM banAva banavA pAmyA eTale tenA samaye paNa vistAravRddhi te thavA pAmI hatA te ApaNe nIce jaNAvelA garda bhIlapationAM nahatI ja. A pramANenI sthiti naM. 5 vALe gardabhIla vRttAMte utArIzuM. avaMtipati banyo tyAMsudhI jaLavAI rahevA pAmI hatI. naM. 6-7 nA be rAjAo tathA naM. 8 bhAIla teTalAmAM tenA nazae jera karyuM dekhAya che. tAjetaramAMja . 9 nAIla ane na. 10 nAhuDa inDopArthiana zahenazAha geDaphAranesa pitAnI hiMdI A pAMca rAjAono rAja amala kule I. sa. rAjadhAnI mathurA tathA takSilA khAlI karIne IrAna 93 thI 141 sudhI 49 varSa sudhI cAlyo hovAnuM tarapha upaDI gayo hato eTale te prAMte kharI rIte rAjA nIkaLe che. eTale pratyekano amala daza daza varSa payeta vihIna banI gayA hatA. tethI vikramacaritra gardabhIlane To kahI zakAze. AvA alpakAlI rAjAonA uttarahiMda tathA paMjAbanA prAMte potAnA avaMtinA samayamAM ghaNA mahatvanA ke parAkramanA banAva noMdhAsAmrAjyamAM bheLavI letAM bahu muzkelI paDI nahIM. yAnI bhAvanA ApaNe evI zakIe nahIM. paNa teo je hakIkata ApaNe uparamAM aneka vakhata puravAra pitAnA pUrvajonI kArakIdane jo saMbhALI rAkhe te thayelI lekhAvI gayA chIe. have teNe paMjAba upara teTaluMye ganImata lekhAya. chatAM kahevuM paDe che ke prabhava jamAvI dIdhA pachI, hiMdanA svarga tarIke teonA bhAgyamAM teTaluM nirmANa thavAnuM paNuM sarajAyela oLakhAtI kAzmiranI bhUmi upara padasaMcAra karavAnI hoya ema dekhAtuM nathI. IrachA thaI ane te paNa meLavI lIdhA hatA. bAda tyAM kAzimaravALA maMtrigupta sUbAnuM zuM thayuM hatuM te pitA taraphathI vahIvaTa calAvavA eka maMtriguptanAmanA vize kayAMya ullekha thate vaMcAyo nathI; saMbhava che ke sUbAnI nimaNUka karI ApI hatI. sArAMzake, vikrama- upara jaNAvelA kuzanavaMzI saradAranA hAthe ke temanA caritranA rAjakALanA aMte sArAye bhAratavarSamAM mAtra vArasadAronA hAthe parAjaya pAmIne te A pRthvI beja sAmrAjaya astitva dharAvatAM hatAM. viMdhyAcaLanI uparathI adazya thavA pAmyo haze. kuzAna saradAra uttare gardabhIlavaMzI ane tenI dakSiNe zatavahanavaMzI kaDapharasIjha bIjAnuM maraNa thatAM lagabhaga I. sa. 100 sAmrAjya. A samaye hiMdanI uttare aDoaDanA pradeza nA arasAmAM tene yuvAna ane mahattvAkAMkSI pura upara kazAna nAmanI eka prajAne udaya thaI gayo kaniSka tenI gAdIe beThA hatA. te mahatvAkAMkSI hovA hato. temanA saradAra kaDakasIjha pahelA tathA bIjA sAthe parAkramI paNa hatuM. tema vaLI potAne cInanA ema bannee maLIne hiMdukuza parvatane pharate pradeza zahenazAha jevA sattAzALI lekhAvavAnI IrachA kabaje karI lIdhuM hatuM temaja aphagAnistAnane je paNa dharAvatA hatA. teNe hiMdamAM praveza karI daIne bhAga InDopArthianane tAbe hato temAM pUrva taraphane paMjAba ane kAzmira upara svAmitva meLavI AgaLa keTaleka bhAga-eTale kAbulanA ane citrAlanA prAMto vadhavA paNa mAMDayuM hatuM; ane pitAnA pacIseka paNa jItI lIdhA hatA. have teo potAnA kadama hiMdamAM varSanA amalamAM Akho uttara hiMda tathA rAjaputAnA laMbAvavAne talapApaDa banI rahyA hatA. paNa vikrama jItI laI InDa pArthiansanI peThe mathurAmAM gAdI caritranI sattAnI sAme jhajhumavAne teo pUratA paNa sthApI dIdhI hatI. eTale teTalA pramANamAM (95) A hakIktanI pratIti pu. 4mAM tenuM vRtAMta lakhatI vakhate thaze ke je pUnamane dhUnamAM te potAnA prayAsa

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tRtIya pariccheda ] rAjya vistAra 55 gardabhIla rAjAonI rAhada saMcita banI gaI mahattvanA pheraphAra thavA mAMDyA hatA. te takano lAbha kahevAya. ane bIjApakSe kazAnavaMzI mATe ema kahI laI mahAkSatrapa caSmaNe potAnI sattAvALA rAjaputAne zakAya ke napati minenDaranA samaye je je pradeza pradezanI pAsenA avaMti deza upara AkramaNa karyuM upara tenI sattA jAmI paDI hatI teTalI-balka ane avaMtipati gardabhIlavaMzanA aMtima bAdazAha kAzmiranA vadhArA sAthe-sarva jamIna upara A kaniSka nAhaDane mArI karI te avaMtipati banyA. A pahelAnI hakamata jaDabesalAka thaI gaI hatI. temaja pramANe gaI bhIlavaMzanI samApti thaI gaI. minenDare je pradeza upara (rAjaputAnA-madhyadeza) vRttAMtanAM parichedanA aMte temanA dharma vize pitAnA kSatrapa tarIke kSaharATa bhUmakane nImyo hato mAhitI jaNAvatA rahIe chIe. eTale ahIM te mATe tevIja rIte A kaniSka pitAnA kSatrapa tarIke me- svataMtra pArIgrApha lakhI zakata; paNa vikramAditya zakAtikane nImyo hato. kALa jatAM kaniSka pahelAnI gAdIe rinuM vRttAMta lakhatAMja tenA dharma vize carcA thaI tene bhAI vasiSka, haviSka, I. AvyA hatA. ne gaI che (juo pR. 43) ane temAM isAre karI A bAju kSatrapa motikanA sthAne teno putra caSmaNa devAya che ke AkhA gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAono dharma Avyo hato. tevAmAM I. sa. 142 nI sAla AvI paNa teja hatuM. eTale have pharIne tenuM punarAvartana pahoMcI;6 ane kuzanavaMzI rAjAonI sattAmAM karavA agatyatA rahetI nathI. AdarI rahyo hato tevAmAM tenuM khUna thavA pAmyuM hatuM. paNa paDe. vadhAre salAmata nIvaDe te (96) kadAca A AMkane eka be varasa AdhepAcha karo nakkI karIne kAma levAnuM TharAvyuM che. AMka hamaNAM te

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aSTama khaMDa -

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........................... .................................................................................................................. aSTama kha'Da prathama pariccheda samaya-kALa gaNanA (1) mahAvIra sa'vata (3) rATa savata (2) cedi saMvata (4) vikrama sa'vata dvitIya pariccheda samaya-kALa gaNunA (cA) (pa) mAlava savata consconnect(.start (6) zaka sa`vata .................................

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Fka : ITI prathama pariccheda TUMkasAra -te samayanA traNe dharmonA sAhitya graMthomAM kALagaNanA mATe akhatyAra karelI paddhatinI ApelI samIkSA, tathA hiMdamAM dezaparadezI bhUpatioe te mATe karelI rItane Apela saMkSipta ItihAsa- | vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA vize vidvAnanuM raju karela maMtavya-saMvata sthApaka zakAri vikramAditya kahevAya che chatAM te vyakita keNa? ne kayAre thai hatI? te haju sudhI nakkI karAtuM na hovAthI, lagabhaga dazeka vidvAnonA vicAronuM akSarazaH avataraNa raju karI, te upara calAvela vivAda ane temAMthI tAravI kADhela rahasya-chevaTe temaNe raju karela zaMkA para I. sa. pU. pa7 thI eka hajAra varSa sudhImAM vikramAditya ane bhejadeva nAmanI thayela bAreka jeTalI vyaktio tathA temane samaya zodhI kADhI, temAMnA kene zakAri vikramAditya kahI zakAya tenI karI ApelI saMpUrNa khAlI tathA tenA samayane pAke pAye karI Apele niradhAra- vikrama saMvatsara amuka vakhata sudhI vaparAte baMdha paDe che tenAM kAraNonA anumAnanI lIdhela tapAsa tathA prAcIna graMthakAroe saMvatane nAmaThAma ApyA vinA tenI sAthe mAtra joDela AMkaDA uparathI nIpajatI muzkelIono Apela khyAla-temaja khuda vikrama saMvatanI Adi mATe raju thayela be AMka vaccenA bhedano Apela khulAse-

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60 samaya-kALa gaNanA=Dating of Events pravezikA kALagaNanA amuka hakIkata ke amuka banAva kayAre banavA pAmyA hatA ema medhama varNavavAmAM Ave tenA karatAM te amuka rAjAnA rAjye ke amuka varSamAM anyA hatA ema jo lakhavAmAM Ave te te hakIkatanI satyatA vize vAMcanAranA mana upara vadhAre vizvAsapAtra chApa paDe che. AvI rIte banatA banAvAnI kALa-niyasUcaka paddhati, judAjudA samaye temaja judAjudA rAjye bhinnabhinna heAvAnuM mAlama paDe che. prAcIna bhAratIya ItihAsamAM AvI. kALagaNunAne saMvatsara zabda lagADavAmAM AvatA hatA. hiMdI zAstromAM, tevA eka e saMvatsaranAM nAmeA itihAsa AlekhatAM vaparAyAM hoya ema dekhAya che. temanAM nAma yudhiSThira saMvata ane laukaka saMvatsara che. yudhiSThira saMvatanuM bIjuM nAma kaliyuga saMvata pazu che; paraMtu A savatA eTalA badhA prAcIna samaye vaparAzamAM hatA ke ApaNA A pustakanA varNananA samayanI sAthe tenA saMbaMdha joDI batAvavA ucIta lAgatA nathI. jethI temane lagatI mAhitI atre ApavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. A pustakanA ItihAsa * varNananI kALa maryAdA I. sa. pU. 900 thI i. sa. 100 sudhInI ApaNe TharAvI che. te samaye bhAratamAM mukhyapaNe prajAmAM e ja dharma jANItA hatA. alabata vaccagALe I. sa. pU. nI chaThThI zatAbdithI bauddhadharma nAme trI^ dhatA udaya thayA hatA ane praznane keTalAka bhAga tene anuyAyI banyA hatA paNu azekavardhana nAme eka rAjAnA amale ja mAtra te rAjadharma tarIke vizeSa . aSTama khaMDa pratimAna tarIke AgaLa tarI AvyA hatA. te sivAya anya rAjavInA haste tene prAtsAhana maLyuM nathI. tema tene pracAra viziSTa prakAre sileAnamAM ja thavA pAmyA hatA. eTale bhAratIya prajAne tenA lAbha vizeSa maLyA nahotA. AvA saMyeAgAmAM ApaNe te dharmanuM nAma, A paricchedamAM varNavavAnA viSaya paratve na jaNAvIe, je te viSayane anyAya karavA jevuM thaI paDaze nahIM. eTale jaNAvavAnuM ke eja dharma AgaLa paDatA hatA. eka hiMdudharma ane khIje jainadharma A hiMdudharmAMnA mULapraNetA brAhmaNA manAya che; ane temanA dharma mukhyataH vedagraMthAne anusaratA hoi temanA dharmane vAdaka nAmathI saMbodhAya che. eTale ka i. sa. pU. nI AThamI sadImAM eka vAMka ane khAjo jainadharma-ema eja dharmanuM astitva hatuM. (1) jIe nIcenuM TI. na. 2. 12) ahIM sa vatsaranI carcA karavAnI che. A baudha uparathI mudde savata calAvAyA che. paNa tenuM mahatva silAnanA rASTraprakaraNamAMja taivAmA Ave . bhArata dezamAM jo te jaNAyuM heAca tA kevaLa aokavananA rAyakArlosa manyuM che. uparamAM je e saMvatanAM nAme ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe te sAdhAraNa rIte vAdaka dharmanA pustakAmAM, vaparAzamAM hatAM ane tenuM kAraNu mArI dhAraNAmAM A pramANe Ave che. kAMlayuganA samayanA prAraMbha temanI mAnyatA mujaba mahAbhAratanuM mazahura yuddha zarU thayuM tyArathI thayeA che. vaLI A mahAbhArata yuddhanA cAddAone--pAMDavA tathA kauravA-temaja temanA sahAyaka naravIra yAdavAne te vAdaka matAnuyAyI mAne che. vaLI A yuddhamAM je pakSa vijayI nIvaDayA che te pAMDavA hatA; ane temAnI eka vyakta je vizeSa viziSTatA dharAvatI mAlama paDI che te dharmarAjA IdhaSThara mahArAja hatA. eTale A yuddhane AzrayIte je saMvata calAvavAmAM AvyA che tenuM nAma temaNe yudhiSThira saMvatsara pADayuM. athavA te samayathI kaliyuganA bhAratIya praznamAM te dharmonA prabhAva keTaleka aMze paDayA hatA tethI karIne prajAe upayAgamA paNa lIdhe| hatA. paraMtu te sAmAnya banAva na lekhAya. (3) A dhama'nA muddo-eTaleke teo kacA dharmAMnA anucAcI hatA-tenI carcA A pustakanI maryAdAkSetranI bahAranI vAta gaNAya. te vAtane ApaNe sparzI karavAnA nathI.

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- = prathama paricheda ] ne itihAsa prAraMbha thayela hovAnuM mAnI, tene kaliyuga saMvAranuM pustakanA varNanane prAraMbha karAyo che te i. sa. pU. nAma paNa ApyuM. A pramANe vaidika pustakAmAM nI 9 mI sadImAM to temanA bAvIsamAM tIrthakara nemikALagaNanAnA kArya mATe yudhiSThira saMvatano upayoga nAthano vAre 5 cAlato hato; te bAda ekAda sadIe vizeSataH karavAmAM AvyA che. AvI sthitine lIdhe trevIsamA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthano vAro zarU thayo hate. vaidika AmnAyane emAM to mArga saraLa thaI gayo tyAMthI mAMDIne te TheTha, temanA chellA eTale evIsamAM jaNAya che. paNa jene saMpradAyanA graMthamAM sthiti tIrthakara zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa thayuM tyAM sudhI je je ati viSama che. aitihAsika ghaTanAo banavA pAmI che te sarvane, jainadharmanAM pustakomAM rAmAnyata : kaI saMvata upara mAM batAvelA temanA niyama pramANe zrI pArzvanAthanA vAparavAnI pRthA astitva dharAvatI jovAmAM AvatI vAramAM te bana banyA hovAnuM jaNAvIne noMdha nathI. bahumAM bahu te je kAMI samayanI noMdha teo lIdhI che. ane mahAvIranA nirvANabAda temano saMvata batAve che, te eTalA puratI ja ke temanA phalANuM calAvavAnuM yathArtha vicAryuM che. jo ke A paddhati (mahAphalANuM tIrthakaranA vArAmAM amuka banAva banyo vIra saMvatanA vaparAzanI) paNa haju, graMtha vizeSamAM hato. AvA aneka tIrthakaranA vArAno samaya paNa varNana karatAM karatAM vaparAtI hoya ema sarvathA jovAmAM keTalIye saMkhyAnA varSano hoya che. jethI AvA moghama AvatI nathI; tema rAjanItinA aMge ke rAjavahIsamayamAM banelI hakIkatane, bhale pachI te tadana aiti- vaTanA daphataramAM, tavArIkha sAcavI rAkhavAnI hAsika tavapUrNa ane satya hoya chatAM, vartamAnakALanA bAbatamAM paNa te vaparAI hoya to, teno patto ItihAsakAro tene te sthitimAM tene svIkAra karI meLavavAnuM keAI sAdhana prApta thayuM nathI. chatAM te levAne jarA AMcakA khAya che. teTalA kAraNathI samayanA je kAI chUTAchavAyA zilAlekha maLI Ave itihAsanI dRSTie jenA ItihAsanA AlekhananI A che, temAM A mahAvIra saMvatano nirdeza kAMIka kAMIka khAmI ja rahI gai dekhAya che. je samayathI A thayela vAMcavAmAM Ave che, eTale ApaNane pratIti (4) vAre eTale samaca, veLA; jema atyAre keI AMkane vidvAnoe maurya saMvatsara hovAnuM mAnyuM che. paNa saMsthAnA kAryavAhaka tarIke tenA vidyamAna pramukhane, pharIne te vAstavika nathI te ApaNe te te prasaMgonuM varNana karatAM bIje pramukha na nimAya tyAM sudhInA samaya mATe, te jaNAvIzuM. (2) mahArAja priyadarzine ketarAvela sahasrAmane saMsthAnA kAyamI pramukha gaNavAmAM Ave che; tema eka tIrtha zilAlekha paNa, A prakArane ja lakhI zakAya (kAMIka khyAla karanA nirvANakALathI, te pachInA anya tIrthakarane samaya na mATe rU. 2 mAM tenuM vRttAMta juo vizeSa adhikAra samrATa AvI pahoMce tyAM sudhInA kALane pUrvanA tIrthakarane priyadarzinanuM jIvana caritra je mArI taraphathI pragaTa thavAnuM vAre" evo zabda vaparAya che vaLI vizeSa mATe TI, naM. che temAM ApavAmAM Avaze). (3) zrI. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda 6 juo.) ojhAe bahAra pADela mathurAnA zilAlekhamAM pR. 2 upara lakhela gAmanA lekhanuM varNana jue. jema uparamAM zilAlekhI (5) juo pu. 3 pR. 137 tathA mathurAnagarInA pari. purAvA che tema sikkAthI paNa mahAvIra saMvata cAlu thayAnuM ziSTamAM zrIkRSNa ane zrI neminAtha saMbaMdhI vivecana sAbita karI zakAya che. (juo pu. 2 pR. 91 thI 93 (6) athavA vadhAre spaSTapaNe kahevAnI jarUra lAge sudhInuM varNana tathA TIkAo; khAsa karIne TI. naM. 70-71), te jaNAvavAnuM ke, mahAvIrane jJAnaprApti thaI ane dharmopadeza temaNe zarU karyA tyA sudhInA samayane "zrIpA. (8) mahAvIra saMvata" evA zabda temAM spaSTapaNe nAthane vAre" evI saMjJAthI oLakhI zakAya. lakhAyela nathI paNa sarva hakIkatane sabaMdha meLavatAM te (7) AvA zilAlekhamAM be traNanAM nAmo jaNAvIzuM pramANe hovAnuM nakkI thAya che. (jyAre TI. naM. 7 mAM 1) cakravatI khAravelane hAthIguphAnA zilAlekha; jemAMnA nedhela naM. 3 nI bAbatamAM vadhAre spaSTa che. )

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R kALagaNanA [ aNama khaMDa maLe che ke te koI saMvata vaparAzamAM levA te che. paNa jema jema kALa AgaLa vadhato gayo ane hate ja paraMtu tene eka niyama tarIke dareka hiMdustAna upara paradezI AkramaNa zarU thayAM tathA zilAlekha ubho karanAre vAparyo hoya ema banyuM Avede tevI prajAnA sahavAsamAM hiMdIone AvavuM ja dekhAtuM nathI. eTale ApaNI muzkelI to pAchI jevI 5DayuM, tema tema tavArIkha noMdhavAnI ane tene mATe ne tevI ubhI rahetI ja mAluma paDe che. paraMtu tArIkhane nirNaya karavAnI jarUriyAta ubhI thavA eTaluM hajI jovAmAM Ave che ke, keTalAka rAjakartA- lAgI. AvA paradezI AkramaNakAromAM sauthI prathama oe, potAnA rAjamAmAM banatA banAvAne, yavane bAdazAha alekajhAMDara hatA. jo ke hiMdanI pitAnA rAjya ATalAmAM varSe te banyA hatA ema sarahada upara te IrAnanA zAhanA humalAo A jaNAvyuM che. 10 eTale keTaleka daraje samaya vize alekajhAMDara pUrvanI be traNa sadI upara thaI gayA nirNaya upara AvavAne te hakIkata sahAyaka thaI paDe hatA. paNa tene hiMdanA AMtarika vahIvaTanI sAthe che kharI. paNa jayAM sudhI amuka paddhati sarvamAnya saMbaMdha ke nisabata na hovAthI ApaNe tene gaNatrImAM na thAya ane sarvathA tene anusaravAmAM na Ave lIdhA nathI. alekajhAMDara pachI tenA sahadharma tyAM sudhI ApaNo mArga tadana saraLa thaI zakatA nathI. keTalAka AvyA che. paraMtu temane hiMdI tavArIkha pUrvanA dhamAM rAjakartAoe AvI kAI paddhati jALavI rAkhavAnI agatyatA kadAca lAgI paNa na grahaNa karI lAgatI nathI. tenuM kAraNa ema dhArI zakAya che, eTale temaNe kaI tArIkha TAMkI ja nathI. chatAM che ke, teo eka to pitAnI kAtinI A pramANenI je temane tenI jarUrIyAta lAgI haita, tAye temanA jAherAta, vizeSapaNe bahAra gavAyA kare te IcchatA dezamAM vaparAto kaI saMvatsaraja temaNe vAparyo hota. nahI haiya; tema vaLI bIjuM, te samaye AvA aiti. eTale prathamamAM prathama je kaI hiMdI pradezanA hAsika kAryanI mahatvatA pIchANavAmAM paNa AvI rAjakartAo-pachI te hiMdI che ke ahiMdI ho-saMvatsa nahIM hoya. rano kharI rIte ane sAmAnyapaNe upayoga karavA AvI sthiti mahAvIra pachI lagabhaga traNa sadI mAMDayo hoya, to mArI najaramAM te bhUsaka kSaharATa sudhI te jaina dharmAnuyAyIoe calAvI lIdhI jaNAya ane tene putra nahapANa dekhAI Ave che. temaNe (9) C. A. R. pref. CXC:-with the silver calA nahIM hoya. mAtra dharma pravarta kane je saMvata cAlate coins of Chasthan, begins the use of patrony haze. jema vikramAditye saMvatanI zarUAta karelI, tema tenI mics which is the chief characteristic of dekhAdekhImAM caThaNe tathA gautamIputra zAtakaraNae paNa AraMbha this dynasty and which together with the karyo haze. kadArA TreSamAne zreSamAM vikrama saMvata nAbuda paNa regular practice of dating the coins, has karI nAMkhyA hoya. eTale saMvata calAvavAnuM prathama mAna jema made it possible to restore the outlines of vikramane khAte noMdhavuM paDaze; tema dharma pravartaka ke tenA its geneology and chronology with remarkable saMvatsaranI mahattAne ochapa ApavAnuM zarU karyAnuM kalaMka completeness=aa. A. re. prastAvanA pR. 190-caTTaNanA paNa tene zIreja ceTaze. vikrama saMvAra je keTaloka vakhata pAnA sikkAmAM pitRkuLanI vaparAzano AraMbha thayo che. te vaparAte adRzya thaye che tenuM kAraNa paNa AvI rIte (5ddhati) A vaMza mATe khAsa lANika che. sAthe temaNe anya saMvatsarAnI utpatti thayAne lIdheja samajI zakAya je niyamapUrvaka sAla nedhavA mAMDI che, tethI te te, vaMzA tema che. (AgaLa juo) vaLI tathA samacAvaLI bane acuka rIte saMpUrNa banAvavAmAM (10) zilAlekhamAM samrATa priyadarzine tathA hAthIguphAnA pagI thaI paDI che. (mArUM TIpaNuH- AthI spaSTa samajAya lekhamAM samrATa khAra AvI paddhati vAparI che. che ke A lekhakanA mata pramANe cAnA samaya sudhI eTale sikAmAM trikaTavaMzI rAjAoe paNa A patine upayoga I. sa. nA AraMbha samaya sudhI, kaI vaMze pitAne savata karyA che (juo 53 5.403 naM.103-104 sikkAnuM varNana)

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prathama pariccheda ]. ne ItihAsa potAnA kSaharATa saMvata11 zarU karyo hato. vaLI te bAda prajAne kevA kevA prakAranI hADamArI ane saMvatsarano upayoga tenA jevA anya ahiMdI hAlAkI veThavI paDI hatI tenuM kAMIka darzana ApaNe kSatrapae.12 ke jemaNe hiMdanA jAdA jAdA bhAga AgaLa karI gayA chIe. eTale sAmAnya prajA je upara adhikAra bhogavyo hato, temaNe paNa karyo che avasara prAptinI tItikSA dharAvI rahI hatI te ema ApaNe joI gayA chIe.13 chatAM kahevuM paDaze svabhAvika rIte AvI caDI; ane tenA suyazane kaLaza ke sArvabhoma jevI sattA dharAvato kai avaMti- rAjA vikramAdityane zIra DhoLAyuM. tyArathI te zakAri pati jevo rAjA thayo hoya ane tevA rAjavaMzIe vikramAditya kahevAya ane tenA nAma uparathI je niyamita rIte saMvatsarane upayoga karyo rAkhyo hoya, saMvatsarane prAraMbha thayo tene saMkSiptamAM vikrama saMvatanuM te koI paNa daSTAMta ItihAsane pAne ma. sa. nAma apAyuM. A pramANe bhAratavarSamAM saMvatsara 470 = I. sa. pU. 57 sudhI noMdhAyuM hovAnuM zodhI calAvanAra je kaI bhUpati prathama pAkyo hoya te te zAkAtuM nathI. A vikramAditya gabhIla ja samajavo rahe che. je ATaluM lAMbu vivecana karavAnI matalaba e che ke De. kalaherna A bAbatamAM satya ja vade che ke, ke vaidika prathAmAM jema ItihAsa Alekhana para Samvat (saMvata) and Sam (4) may be used yudhiSThira14 ke kaLiyuga vA vaikika saMvatsarano nirdeSa for the years of any era, and only karAyo hato, tema jainagraMthamAM kaI mArga niyamitarIke in quite modern times are those terms akhatyAra karAyo ja nahoto. A sthiti I. sa. by the Hindus themselves employed pU. 57 ma. sa. 470 sudhI cAluM rahI hatI; paNa to distinguish the Vikram from Saka have to aneka jAtanI prajA-AryAvartanI temaja years. In fact the words tharSa and saMvaraja bahAranI-hiMdamAM AvIne vasavATa karI rahI hatI. temaja are synonymous and such differenbanAvo paNa eka pachI eka evA jhapATAbhera baje tiation can hardly be exact keAI paNa jatA hatA ke te darekane jALavI rAkhavAnI AvazyakatA saMvatanA varSa darzako mATe saMvata ane uM. vAparI zakAya; paNa dIsatI jatI hatI. eTale navA yuga pravartakanI je ke vartamAnakALe khuda hiMdueja zakasaMvatathI vikrama kema jANe rAhaja jevAtI na hoya, tema paradezI evI saMvatane bheda pArakhavAne te zabdo vAparatA thayA che. vaka prajAnuM rAjya avaMti upara nirmANa thayuM. te vAstavamAM te varSa ane vallara baMne samAthI zabdo (11) juo. pu. 3 temanA vRttAMte. dIdhI che. (juo pu. 3, 5. 238-9) eTale jANa thaze ke (12) bhUmake, nahapANe, pitAnA sattApradeza nAsikanA te saMvata paNa kSaharATa saMvata ja te zilAlekhemAM rAjuqle,pAtike mathurA ane takSilAnA pradezamAM (14) IMgavaMzI rAjAo je ke vaidika matAnuyAyI hatA (juo pu. 3. mathurAlAyana pIlara kepITalano zilAlekha.) temaja temanA prakhyAta rAjapurohita mahAzaya pataMjalI (13) naM. 12mAM chapAthIana zahenazAhanA nAma jevA prakhara vaidika bhUSaNaratnAlaMkAranI vidyamAnatA hatI, chatAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyAM nathI. tenAM be kAraNo che. eka to temano temaNe yudhiSThira saMvatane upayoga karyo hoya ema itihAsa samaya bhUmaka, nahapANa vigere pachI che tethI temane prathama uparathI jaNAtuM nathI. tethI mAnavAne kAraNa rahe che ke vAparanAra tarIke lekhAvI na zakAya; vaLI bIjuM kAraNa e rAjA yudhiSThira ane pataMjalI bhinnabhinna matAnuyAyI hovAnuM che ke temaNe koI saMvata vAparyo ja nathI, takSilAnA tAmra te samaye paNa dharAtuM haze (rAjA kalki-agnimitre mathurAne patramAM je AMka vaparAya che te bhUlathI vidvAnoe mejhIjhano vaDavAstupa teDI nAMkhyo hovAthI tene paNa viSNu-kacchamAnI lIdhuM che. bAkI kharI sthiti zuM hatI ane te AMka bhakta athavA vedikamatAnuyAyI hovAnuM dhArI nahi levA kama ane koNe vAparyo che tenI carcA meM pu. 3 mAM jaNAvI viSenuM anumAna sarakhA pu. 3. pR. 2).

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vikrama saMvata [ aSTama khaMDa che; ane te upara jaNAvyA pramANeno) artha bheda je samayanuM Alekhana A pustaka mATe ApaNe bhAgye ja vyAjabI gaNI zakAya. anya vidvAne A TharAvyuM che te eka hajAra varSanA kALamAM hiMdanI bhUmi bAbatanuM spaSTikaraNa karatAM jaNAve che ke The upara cAreka saMvatsarane upayoga karavAmAM AvyAnuM term Samvat does not apply exclus- mane jaNAyuM che. temanAM nAma A pramANe che (1) vely to the era of Vikramaditya, Cole- mahAvIra saMvata (2) cedi saMvata17 (3) kSahATa brooke first corrected this erroneous saMvata ane (4) vikrama saMvata. A nAmo temanA supposition in regard to the Bhupal vaparAza mATenA samayanA anukramavAra pramANe goThavyAM dynasty, the Samvant of the Gour che. temAMne naM. 1, 2, ane 4 ema traNa saMvatsara Inscriptions, Col. Todd in regard to hiMdI prajAnA che. jyAre mAtra naM. 3 eka ahiMdI Vallabhi Samvat and Kiripatrick in prajAno che. vaLI naM. 1 ane naM. 3nI utpatti tathA regard to Newar era (A. D. 880 ) of vaparAza viSenI mAhitI kAMika aMze uparamAM jaNAvI Nepal=saMvata zabda khAsa khAsa kAMI vikramAdityanA gayA chIe. temaja te viSenI anya koI vizeSa saMvata mATe ja vaparAtuM nathI. gaura zilAlekhamAMnA jaNAvavI bAkI rahetI nathI. bAkInA ne, 2 viSe bhapAla vaMzanA saMvata saMbaMdhInI bhrAmaka mAnyatA pratha- jyAre cedivaMzane itihAsa lakhIzuM (je AgaLa upara mamAM mi. kabuke bhAMgI hatI; te ja pramANe karnala AlekhavAnuM chetyAre jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. eTale reDe valabhI saMvata paratvenI ane mi. karkapeDhIke naM. 4 vALA vikrama saMvatsarane lagatuM ja varNana karavuM nepAlanA nevAra (I. sa. 880 saMvata paratvenI) saMvata atra bAkI rahe che, bhUla bhAMgI hatI. vikrama saMvata upara pramANe vikrama saMvatanA prAraMbhane itihAsa A vikrama saMvatsaranA sthApakanA nAma viSe jANo. samasta bhAratavarSanA uttara bhAgamAM-eTale jo ke bahu matabheda te nathI ja, chatAM kici aMze uttara hiMdamAM-jyAM jyAM hiMdI rAjAne amala hatA che te khare ja. vaLI alpa samaya sudhI cAlu rahIne tyAM tyAM lagabhaga sarvatra A saMvatsarane upayoga te lupta thaI gayAnuM ane pAcho punarjIvana pAmyAnuM thavAnI zarUAta thaI gaI. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM jaNAyuM che eTale tenI satyAsatyatA viSe paNa vaLI judI ja sthiti pravartatI thaI hatI te ApaNe aneka vidyama pedA thayA che. uparAMta tenI AdinA AgaLa upara joIzuM. samaya mATe paNa matamatAMtare pracalita thayela najare (15) juo. I. e. pu. 20, pR. 404; I. e. pu. kAma calAvyuM rAkhyuM che, jethI ghaNI kadaryanA ubhI thavA 37. pR. 46: prIsesa InDiyana enTIkavITIjha yusaMkula pAmI che; AvAM dAMta aneka che, paNa eka be anna mAtra Tebalsa pu. 1 pR. parapa. darzAvIza; devaTTIgaNI kSamAzravaNane kALa 510 ane haribhadra (11) eTale ema artha samajo ke je bhUmimAM je sUrine kALa 585 vikrama saMvata teoe gaNAvyA che saMvatsara cAlatuM hoya tene nideSa karavA mATe mAtra jyAre te che bIjo ja saMvatasara---te pachI hAthIguphAmAM saMdarAra rAkhu ja jaNAvAya. paraMtu ko saMvatsara te kahevAya ane sahastromanA khaDakalekhamAMnA AMkane 'mahAvIra saMvata' (eTale ke tenuM vizeSanAma je hoya te ) te adhyAhAra rAkhe. mAnavAmAM kAMI harakata naja AvI zake ]. [A paddhatinI vaparAza jaina saMpradAyanA lahiyAoe paNa vaLI AgaLa u5ra TI naM. 32 juo. pithI lakhavAmAM karela che; chatAM tene ukela karanArAo ajANa (17) udAharaNa mATe hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMnI chaThThI devAthI tevA savasaranA AMkane vikrama saMvat mAnI laI paMkti juo.

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prathama paricchedra ] paDe che. keTalAka tene vikramAdityanA rAjyAraMbhathI ja gaNAtA zarU thayAnuM mAne che, tyAre keTalAkAe te khAbatamAM zaMkA upasthita karI che. A pramANe viSaya eka chatAM, tenA aneka aMzeA viSe bhinnabhinna mata noMdhAela che; jenA vistRtapaNe vicAra karavAnI jarUra dIse che. tethI te te viSayamAM paDela aneka vidvAna sAdhakAnuM ane ItihAsavittonuM A saMvatsaranI utpatti viSe temaja tenA pAlana ane anusaraNa viSe zuM maMtavya che te raju karavuM paDaze; tathA te upara AApaNA vicArA-vivAda ane carcArUpe-jaNAvavA paDaze. tema krAI vakhata temanI bhrAMtinuM nirasana paNa karavuM paDaro; ke jethI AkhA viSayanA nirmaLa sphoTa AvI rahe; ane pariNAme vAcakavarganI khAtrI thaI jAya ke vikrama saMvatanA upayeAga karavAmAM pUrvanI prajAe kAI jAtanI--vidvAnAe mAnI lIdhI che tevI-galatI paNa karI nathI tema samayavartIne vyavahArU DahApaNa vAparavAmAM uNapa paNa AvavA dIdhI nathI. bIjI vAta-A vikramasaMvatsaranI sAthe khIjA eka e savatsarA evI rIte samAgamamAM AvIne aMdAaMdara guMcavAI gayA che ke tenI paNa mAhitI jo ApI heAya, te te sarvene eka bIjAthI chUTA pADavAnI ane kharUM tAratamya samajavAnI vAcakavargane saraLatA thaI paDe, evuM lAgavAthI tenI paNa ceADIka hakIkata ApavA IcchA thaI che. jo ke tevA saMvatsarA ApaNA A pustakanA varNanakSetranI maryAdA bahAra jAya che ja; chatAM uparanA Azaya khaLavattara dekhAvAthI teTalI chUTa levA mATe kSamA cAhuM chuM. A e saMvatsa rAmAMnA ekanuM nAma mAlavasavata che ane khIjAnuM nAma zakasaMvatsara che. tethI karIne A banne vize sAthI chevaTe ane te paNa khane teTalI TUMka hakIkata ApIneja saMteSa dharIzuM. A uparAMta eka bIjo saMvatsara paNa nA sthApaka vize (18) dhrA, AM.re. prastAvanA pR. 162, pArA. 135 The foundation of an era must be held to denote the successful establishment of the new power rather than its first beginnings or pa uttara hiMdamAM i. sa. pU. 80 nI AAsapAsa zahenazAha mAjhIjha athavA tenA vArasadAra ajhIjha pahelAnA samaye pravarto hAya, evI mAnyatA keTalAka vidvAnA dharAve che. paraMtu tenuM nAma paNa zakasaMvatsara hAvAthI atre te ATalA aMgulInirdeza karIne, te vizenI vizeSa mAhitI zakasaMvatsaranuM varNana karatAM ja lakhavI ema ucita dhAryuM che. have ApaNe vikrama saMvatsaranI kharI vigata upara AvI jaie. tapAsa karIzuM te| mAlUma thaze ke, dareka saMvatsaranI sthApanA kAIpaNa mahattvapUrNa khanAva banyAnA smaraNa tarIkeja18 karavAmAM Avela heAya che. pachI te banAva bhale rAjakIya hAya, dhArmika hAya ke sAmAjIka hAya, tene aMge kAMI pheraphAra rahetA nathI. A saMvatanuM nAma jyAre vikrama saMvatsara ' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. tyAre spaSTa thAya che ke te saMvatsarane kAI vikramavikramAditya nAmanI vyaktisAtheja sabaMdha hAvA joie; ane tenI sthApanA, te vikramAdityanA jIvanamAMnA kA mahattva bharelA banAva sAthe saMkalita thayela hAvI joI e have ApaNuM kartavya che ke, te vikramAditya koNa hatA ? tyAre thayA ? ane tenA jIvananA te mahattvazIla banAva ko hatA ? te sarva hakIkata zodhaka buddhi ane paddhatie vicAravA jevI che. te vikramAditya koNa hatA te prathama vicArIe. sarva koI eTale darajje tA sahamata che ke vikramAdityanuM birUda zakAri hatuM tethI tene zakAri vikramAdityanA nAmathI paNa itihAsakArA oLakhAve che.paraMtu kayA vaMzanA hatA athavA vyaktie thaI gaI hoya saMvatasthApaka hAI zake, nizcitapaNe abhiprAya te koNa ? te katyAre thayA athavA te| tevI nAmadhArI koI vizeSa te temAMthI kaI vyakti A te khAkhatanI adyApi paryaMta the down-fall of any=kAI navI rAjasattAnI zubha zarUAta ke anyanI paDatI sthiti sUcavavA karatAM, te (navI) rAjasattAnA phateha pUrNa kAryAMnuM darzana karAvavAja kAI savasaranI sthApanA lekhAvI joIe.

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa uccArAyo nathI; jethI ApaNe te praznanA ukela mATe finally crushed the Saka power of UMDANamAM utaravA pUrve, bhinna bhinna vidvAnonA maMtavyo Ujjain-India tradition does not make raju karIzuM ane te uparathI carcAne uhApoha karI any distinction between the first VikkaMI paNa tAratamya zodhI kaDhAtuM hoya to tema karavA ramaditya and the second. It regards prayatna karIzuM. ane tema karyA pachI, je judIjudI the supposed founder of the era, vyaktio vikramAditya nAmanI thaI gaI che, tenI which began in B. C. 57, and the samAlocanA karIzuM. te bAda chevaTe saMvatanI sthApanA royal patron of Kalidas, who lived mATeno mahattvapUrNa banAva ko hoI zake tathA te more than four hundred years later saMvata hiMdanA kayA bhAgamAM vizeSa pracalita che tenI as one and the same person caMdragupta bIjAsAmAnya carcA karIzuM. vikramAdityeka (I. sa. 780-414) ujaina mukAme zakAri sivAya tenAM bIjAM paNa be traNa nAme zaka sattAne hameza mATe kacarI nAMkhI-prathama ane jaNAyAM che. eka vikramasena che. bIjuM vikramasiMha19 dvitIya vikramAditya vaccenA taphAvatanI kAMI ja oLakha paNa che. jyAre amarakoSamAM tenuM nAma ka20 hiMdI daMtakathAmAM darzAvAI nathI-tenA nAmane je saMvata jaNAvAyuM che. ATaluM kahIne ApaNe have aneka vidvAnonA . sa. pU. 57mAM AraMbhAye che tenA saMbhavita sthApaka, abhiprAyanI samAlocanA karIzuM. tathA je kAlIdAsa tenI pAchaLa cArase varase thayo . (1) eka lekhaka jaNAve che ke:-Chandra che tenA AzrayadAtA, ema banne vyakti ekaja gupta II Vikramaditya A. D. 389-414 dekhAya che." eTale A kathananA lekhakanI mAnyatA (19) eziATika rIsacIjha pu. 9, pR. 122. (22) vikramAditya zabdano artha karatAM ke. hi. I. nA (20) ja..A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 Ake 1 pR.14- lekhake teja pU8 upara jaNAvyuM che ke44 "From Amarkosha we learn that Shudr. Vikramaditya "The sun of Might", It is aka, Hala and other kings had the title of hopeless to attempt to discriminate between vikramaditya amarakeSathI ApaNane jANa thAya che ke, the elements, which may be historical and zadraka, hAla ane anya rAjAonuM birUda paNa vikramAditya others which are undoubtedly romantic in hatuM. (mAruM TIpaNu-eTale sAbita thAya che ke rAjA hAlanuM the great cycle of legends, which has gathered nAma paNa vikramAditya hatuM ja ). round the name or rather the title of Vikra04181 185 CR2432$14812411 Dialdi RUBI 241 maditya. The Sun of the Might may be kings pramANe che. This Shudraka may be said to have at different periods and in different countries founded the Vikrama era in B. C. 58 by of India may have been so styled, while it defeating the Sakas of Malwa. Tradition is is possible-nay even probable that there may strong in ascertaining that Vikramaditya have been a Vikramaditya, who expelled the defeated alien Sakas near Karur and established sakas from Uiain=vikramAditya vikrama : parAkrama ane his era A zadraka vize kahI zakAya che ke, teNe mALavAnA Aditya-sUrya = parAkramano paMja: parAkramane sUrya: vikramazakane harAvIne I. sa. pU. 58 mAM vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA dityanA nAmanI balake te birUdanI sAthe daMtakathAne je mahAkarI hatI --kArUra najIka zakane vikramAditye harAvyA ane pravAha lAgI paDe che, temAMnA mAMcaka to eka bAju, pitAnA saMvatanI sthApanA karI evI khAtrI ApatI daMta. ane bIjI bAju aitihAsika ta, te baMne pArakhI kADhI kathA bahu jozabhera cAle che. TA pADavAno prayatna karo nIrarthaka che. "parAkramanA sUrya (21) ke. hi. I. 5. 533. tevA nAma dhArI, hiMdanA judA judA bhAgamAM judA judA

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prathama paricacheda ] vizenI vicAraNA ema che ke (a) caMdragupta bIjo urphe vikramAditya, gaNAya ane jene ItihAsakAroe inDasIthIansa je guptavaMzI samrATa che ane avaMtipati paNa che, teNe tarIke oLakhAvyo che, tene vinAza, rANIzrI baLazrInA I. sa. 380 thI 414 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM ane patra gautamiputra zatakaraNae karI nAMkhyo che. A teNe ja zakaprajAne hamezane mATe kacarI nAMkhI hatI. te ja pramANe be vakhate maLIne, zaprajAnuM nAma siddhAMta vikramAdityathI kharI rIte vikramasaMvatsaranI sthApanA itihAsamAMthI bhUMsI jaIne hamezane mATe adazya thaI karavAmAM AvI che (ba) paNa hidIprajAe eka gayuM che. eTale I. sa.nA cothA saikAmAM zakaprajAnuM punaH tevoja nAmadhArI bIjo vikramAditya, je I. sa. pU. astitva ka9pavuM te, vaMdhyAne putra hovAnuM kahevA samAna pachamAM thayo che tenA nAme vikrama saMvata zarU karAyAnoM gaNAya. A uparAMta bIjI te ghaNI dalIla guptavaMzI yaza apI dIdho che ane tema karIne (ka) A be caMdraguptanI virUddha jAya tevI che. paNa uparanA phakarAmAM vikramAditya vacceno bheda hiMduzAstro pUrI rIte pIchANI TakelA zabdothI te para hovAne lIdhe, tenI carcAmAM zakyA nathI. utaravuM durasta gaNAya nahIM. eTale sAbita thaI zake [mAruM TINa-guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta bIjAnuM tema che ke, guptavaMzI caMdragupta bIjAne, na kahI zakAya zakAri vikramAditya ke na kahI zakAya vikrama saMvatano nAma vikramAditya hatuM te kharI vAta che. temaja teNe avaMtipati aSTavaMzI kSatrapone harAvIne avaMtinI sthApaka. tema hiMdI prajAe potAnA upakAraka purUSane pitAnA hRdayamAM dhArI rAkhavAnA kAryamAM bhUla khAdhI gAdI meLavI hatI te paNa kharI ja vAta che. A uparathI lekhaka mahAzaye te cakaNavaMzI kSatrapone zaka che ema paNa nahIM kahevAya ] prajA lekhI kADhI hoya ema samajAya che. paNa ItihAsa (2) eka bIjA lekhaka pitAnuM maMtavya nIce kahe che ke zakaprajAnuM nikaMdana te gautamIputra zAta- pramANe raju kare che. 27 This Aziz the first karaNIeja I. sa. 78mAM kADhI nAMkhyuM hatuM; eTale has been placed in about B. C. 58; prazna e thAya che ke, te pachI I. sa.nA TheTha cethA and it appears therefore that the era saikAmAM pAchI zaka prajA AvI kyAMthI ? te lekhakanuM referred to, in the Taxilla inscription kathana sAcuM mAnavuM? ke zilAlekhanI hakIkata sAcI is the Vikram era, beginning in 58 mAnavI ? bAkI kharI vAta to e che ke, cakaNa B. C., which was founded perhaps to poteja zaka nahotA.24 tema zaka prajAnA paNa be commemorate the accession of Aziz = vibhAga hatA. temAMnI kharI zakaprajAnuM nikaMdana gardabhIla A ajhIjha pahelAne samaya Azare I. sa. pU. 58 vaMzI vikramAditya i. sa. pU. pa7mAM kADhI nAMkhyuM che25 TharAvAyo che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, takSilAnA lekhamAM jyAre bIjI zakaprajA, je zaka prajAne hiMdI vibhAga jaNAvela saMvata, vikrama saMvata che. jenI Adi samaye aneka rAjAo thayA haze, chatAM saMbhava che-balake zakaya ane caNaNanI jAtinI sarakhAmaNavALa hakIkta. paNa che ke, eka e ja vikramAditya thayo haze ke jeNe (25) juo uparamAM saptama khaDe trIjI pario ujainImAMthI zAkane hAMkI kADhayA hoya. [mAruM TIpaNu-A pR. 3334 nI hakIkata. bAbata ApaNe AgaLa vicAravAnI che eTale hAla turata te (26) jue pu. 3 pR. 369 upara rUSabhadattanA zAhI upara kAMI vivecana karavA jevuM rahetuM nathI.] vaMzanA aMtavALuM nivedana, (23) juo rANI baLIe kAtarAvela nAsika (27) ja, be. bra. je. e. e. 1928 navI AvRtti zilAlekha (pu. 3. pR. 202) pu. 3. pR. 68 : tathA A paricachede AgaLa upara TakelI . (24) jeo pu. 3, 5, 217 thI 222 u5ra nahapAnuM dalIla naM. 10 juo,

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa i. sa. pU. 58mAM thaI che ane tenI sthApanA zakAya vikramasaMvatane sthApaka; vaLI tenI pitAnI ajhIjha pahelAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA smaraNacihna tarIke kArakIrdI kadAca, I. sa. pU. 50nI AsapAsamAM bhale kadAca karavAmAM AvI hoya." A pramANe lekhaka zarU thaI hoya ane teTalA darajaje teTalA pUratI mahAzayanA kathana viSe, pitAnuM maMtavya raju karatAM hakIkata sAcI TharAvI zakAtI heya, chatAM tema paNuM mi. repsana kahe che ke-"The interpretation may banyuM nathI; kemake I. sa. pU. 58mAM te tenA rAjyano well be correct, inspite of the tradition, AraMbha thavAne badale aMta AvyAnuM noMdhAyuM che.29]. that the era was founded by Vikram- (3) eka bIjA vidvAna lekhaka29 kahe che keH aditya of Ujjain to commemorate the In general, the Hindus know but of defeat of the Sakas=25ell 421074 418- one Vikramaditya, but the learned gIrImAM, ujainInA vikramAditye te saMvatanI sthApanA acknowledge four; and when written karI hatI ema jeke daMtakathA cAle che, chatAM te authorities examined, they were found samajUtI satya hovo saMbhava che. eTale A banne no less than eight or nine. Those, vidvAna itihAsakAronA matathI ema dekhAya che ke who reckon four heroes of that name, (a) zakaprajAne harAvanAra joke ujenapati vikramAdityaja, agree only about two. The first hate kharo paNa (ba) vikrama saMvata je I. sa. pU. Vikramaditya was he, after whom the 58thI zarU thayAno manAya che ane jenI noMdha period is demonstrated; the second talilAnA zilAlekhamAM karavAmAM AvI che, tenI is Raja Bhoja-sAmAnya rIte hiMduone ekaja Adi to ajhIjha pahelAnA samayanA prAraMbhathI vikramAdityane paricaya che, paNa vidvAnane cAranI gaNavAnI che. (ka) vaLI kadAca teja sAlamAM ajhIjha jANa che; paraMtu jyAre graMtha tapAsIe chIe tyAre pahele gAdIe beTho haze tethI, tenI yAdagIrImAM A te te nAmanI vyaktie ATha ke navathI ochI sAlathI te saMvatsaranI Adi karavAmAM AvI haze. dekhAtI nathI. A (vikramAditya) nAmanA, cAra vIra [mAruM TIpaNu-prathama najareja, e AzcaryapUrvaka purUSa thayAnuM jeo svIkAre che teo be vize te lAge che ke, zakaprajAne harAvanAra je ujainapati heya ekamata cheja. temAM pahele te vikramAditya che, ke tenA nAme saMvatsara cAlu thAya ke ajhIjha pahele, jenA uparathI saMvatanI oLakha thavA pAmI che; jyAre je mAtra mathurA pati ane takSiApatija te (paNa je bIjo (vikramAditya) te rAjA bhoja che. " eTale ke avaMtipati kadI banyaja nathI) tenA nAme ane tenA A lekhakanA abhiprAya pramANe (a) hiMduprajAne mana smaraNa mATe te saMvatsara zarU thAya? vaLI ajhIjha te ekaja vikramAditya thayela che. (ba) jyAre vidvAno pahelAnuM rAjya sAre avaMtinA pradezamAM kadApi thayuMja ane paMDite tevA cAra vikramAditya thayAnuM mAne che. nathI tyAre zakaprajAne harAvanAra avaMtipatine (ka) paNa graMthanuM saMzodhana karavAthI te vaLI ATha ane mathurA patine levAdevA paNa zuM hoI zake? temaja ke nava vikramAdityo thayAnuM nIkaLe che. (3) chatAM anIjha pahelA jyAre avaMtipatija banyo nathI jeo cAra vikramAditye thayAnuM mAne che. temaNe Lei zaka prajAne harAvyAnuM mAna paNa kema ApelAM temanAM vRttAMte je meLavIe, te A cAramAMthI nAdhI zakAya? A badhA praznone tAtparya eja che ke, A be jaNanI hakIkata ja ThIkaThIka meLa khAtI jaNAya che. ajhIjhane paNa, na kahI zakAya zakAri, ke na kahI temane eka vikrama saMvatane sthApaka vikramAditya pote (28) jue ..zAvaLanA kaThapa45tathA 401 (29) eziAyika rIsarca . . , 10

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vizenI vicAraNA prathama pariccheda ] che, ane khIjo vikramAditya, te je rAjAbhAja tarIke oLakhAyeA che te che. [mArUM TIpaNu-A vidvAna mahAzayanuM kathana haju vicArapUrvaka ane bahu ja khArIka avaleAkanathI tAravI kADheluM dekhAya che. temaNe nathI kAIne khATA pazu harAvyA, tema nathI sAcA vikramAdityanI sAla paNu khatAvI, tema nathI khIjI vizeSa oLakha paNa ApI; chatAM aneka vikramamAMthI je rAjA vikramabheAja tarIke oLakhAI gayA che tenI pUrve keTalAka samaye vikramasaMvatsaranA kharA sthApaka thaI gayA che; eTaluM temanA kathanamAMthI garbhita sUcana nIkale che kharUM. uparAMta temaNe ema paNa batAvyuM che, ke kulle cArathI A ane navanI saMkhyAmAM vikramAditya nAmadhArI rAjAe hIMdanA bhUmitaLa upara thaI gayA rRkhAya che. temAMnA kaye| puruSa saMvatsaranA sthApaka gaNI zakAya te bAbata peAtAne abhiprAya uccAravAthI cUpaja rahyA che. kadAca garbhita abhiprAya ema taddana dharAvatA pazu hAya ke, sarve vikramAdityamAM je prathama thayeA che teja saMvatsaranA saMcAlaka hAya. vikramAditya nAmanI vyaktie keTalI thaI che ane kayAre thaI che tathA rAjAbhAja paNa keTalA ane kyAre thayA che te adhu ApaNe A pariae AgaLa upara jaNAvavAnuM che. eTale ahIM tA ATalethIja patAvIne AgaLa vadhIzuM. ] (4) sara kaniMgahAma sAhebanA mata30 ema che. 'ke, A cave inscription at Udayagiri of the Samvat year 1093 or A. D. 1036, couples the name of Chandragupta, with the kingdom of Vikramaditya. In the Raja Tarangini also it is mentioned that Mantrigupta was placed on the throne of Kashmir by Vikra maditya of Ujjain. According to my corrected chronology of the Raja Ta 69 rangini, this happened in A. D. 433. The Satrunjaya-mahatmya also places (Wilford Researches A, S. Bengal IX 156: and Wilso Res. A. S. Beng XV 39 note) the third Vikramaditya in Samvat 466: A. D. 409=saMvata 1093 athavA I. sa. 1036nA udayagiranI guphAnA eka zilAlekhamAM vikramAdityanA rAjyanI sAthe caMdraguptanuM nAma joDAeluM mAlama paDe che. rAjataraMgiNimAM paNa evI hakIkata maLe che ke, ujainInA vikramAditye kAzmiranI gAdI upara maMtraguptane niyukta karyAM hatA. rAjataraMgiNanI meM zuddha karelI vaMzAvaLI pramANe A khanAvanI tArIkha I. sa. 433 noMdhI zakAya che. zatruMjya mahAtmyamAM paNa (jIe vIEA kRta e. sA, beMgAlanuM rIsarcIjha pu. 9, 156 : ane vilsana kRta e. seA beMgAlanuM pu. 15. TI. naM. 39 ) trIjA vikramAdityanA samaya, saMvata 466 eTale i. sa. 409 batAvAyA che.'' eTale ke kanIMgahAma sAhebanA mata pramANe (a) udayagiri pahADanI guphrAmAM je vi. saM. 1093nA zilAlekha che ane jemAM vikramAdityanA rAjye krAi caMdragupta thaI gayA haiAvAne ullekha che te (ba) temaja rAjatara'giNimAM ujjainInA je vikramAditye peAtAnA taraphanA pratinidhi tarIke maMtriguptane kAzmiranI gAdI upara besAryAnuM varNavyuM che te (ka) temaja je vikramAdityanA rAjya amale zatruMjyamahAtmya nAmanuM pustaka racAyuM hatuM teH ema kula maLIne A traNe vikramAditya ekaja vyakti lAge che. kAraNa ke rAjataraMgiNimAM kAzmiranA zAsanakartAonI je vaMzAvaLA peAte zeAdhI karIne zuddha karI batAvI che,temAM vikramAditye nImela ma`triguptane samaya I. sa. 433ne Apela che. tathA te hakIkatane samarthana ApanArI ane svataMtra sAdhana tarIke gaNI zakAya tevI vastu e che, ke mi. vizva te mi. vilsana nAmanA be vidvAneAe paNa zatru yamahAtmya nAmanuM pustaka je vikramAdityanA (30) jUe temaNe pAte raceluM pustaka nAma dhI lisA DhaoNpsa pU. 147

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa rAjaye lakhAtuM hovAnI noMdha nIkaLe che temAM teno vikrama saMvatano lekhIe to i. sa. 419 lekhAya, racanAkALa i. sa. 40no batAvyo che, eTale ke nahi ke 409) paNa vAstavamAM te te 477ne aka je be vyaktio eka nAmadhArI ane eka samaye ja te vakhate te pradezamAM cAlatA mAlava saMvatane che, nahIM vidyamAna hoya te baMne vyaktio ekaja hoya evo ke vikrama saMvatane; ane tenI gaNatrI karatAM tene saMbhava che. A dalIla vaDe teo sAheba, upara samaya vi. saM. 1066nI AsapAsamAM Ave che, ke je varNavelA traNe prasaMgonA vikamAdityane eka ja vyakti kALe mAlavapati bhojarAjadeva (juo pu. 1. pR. tarIke mAne che. ane tene samaya I. sa. 409- 186nI TIkAmAM ApeluM vaMzavRkSa) urpha vikramAdityanuM 430nI AsapAsane TharAve che. rAjya pravartI rahyuM hatuM. ane temanA rAjadarabAre ( [mAruM TIppaNa--prathama te temaNe je siddhAMta zatrujyamahAbhyanA kartA jainAcArya zrI dhanezvarasUrIjI rajA karyo che ke eka nAmadhArI be vyaktie je pote, temanA rAjagurU tarIke33 vidyamAna hatA. eTale ekaja samaye vidyamAna hoya, te te eka ja vyakti ke A graMthano racita samaya vi. saM. 1066=I. hovA saMbhave che: te siddhAMtaja bhUla khavADanAro che. sa. 1009 nI AsapAsane che nahI ke i. sa. A upara vizeSa vivecana na karatAM pu. 1. pR. 186nA 419 ne, ke 509 ne; tevI ja rIte temanI dalIla TIpaNumAM Apela vaMzAvaLI tarapha ja vAcakavarganuM dhyAna naM. 2 nI bAbatamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, teo sAhebe darIza. te jovAthI khAtrI thaze ke, bhejadeva nAmanA rAjataraMgiNinI je vaMzAvaLI zeAdhI karIne maMtraguptane be rAjAe ekaja vakhate thayA hovAthI, itihAsa samaya i. sa. 430 ne TharAvyuM che. temAM te kAroe ekanA jIvana banAvone bIjAnA mAnI laIne ujainapati vikramAdityane " zakAri vikramAditya" calo badho goTALA Ubho karI dIdho che. chatAM temaNe evuM cekhuM upanAma ApIne saMbodhela che; eTale te siddhAMtane nizcayapUrvaka kharo nahi mAnatAM, mAtra vikramAditya vizenI bIjI koI paNa kalpanAne sthAnaka saMbhavita hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che eTale te upara vivAda rahetuM nathI. vaLI uparamAM varNavelI naM. 1, 2 ane karavAnuM choDI daIzuM.have temanI bIjI dalIle tapAsIe. 3nI dalIlemAM ApaNe carcA karIne spaSTikaraNa karatAM zatruMjaya mahAsyanI racanAne samaya (temanI je sAbita karyuM che ke, zakAri vikramAditya te bIje traNa dalIle che te) jema temaNe TAMkI batAvyA che keI nahi, paNa gardabhIlavaMzI vikramAdityaja che. eTale tema I. sa. 408 nathI ja. A bAbatamAM meM aneka sara kaniMgahAma sAhebanI traNa dalIlemAMnI helI purAvA ApIne sAbita karI ApyuM che ke te be. A pramANe lulI paDI jAya che. ane prathamanI I. sa. 409=vikrama saMvata 466 nathIja. je ke graMtha je dalIla che temAM te mAtra caMdragupta nAmanI vyakti. kartAe tene racanAkALa 477 jaNAvela che te AMka vikramAditya rAjya thaI hatI eTaluMja batAvyuM che. - (31) jue, bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatuM mAsika : nAme rahe che. jaina dharma prakAza pu. 43 saMvata 1884, phAlganane aMka (34) AsapAsa zabda eTalA mATe lAkha paDayo cheke, 12 me, pR. 420 thI 424 . mAlava saMvatanI Adi kayAre thavA pAmI che teno nirNaya (32) uparamAM Apela TI. naM. 16 nI hakIkata sara- haju barAbara karI zakAyo nathI. (juo AgaLa upara Aja khA eTale A bAbatamAM paNa kema ane keTalo anartha De tenuM varNana.) thavA pAmyuM che tenI samajaNa paDI jaze. (35) A maMtrigupta vize uparamAM pR.40-41 jue. (33) solaMkI vaMzanA gUrjarezvara kumArapALanA samaye tyAM tene samaya I. sa. pU. 53 thI 93 sudhIne TharAvyo zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanuM sthAna je hatuM te sthAna mAlavapati che; tathA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa pR. 9 upara dalIla naM. 5mAM ja devanA samaye A dhanezvarasUrijInuM hovAnuM samajavuM karyuM che te jue

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prathama pariccheda ] vizenI vicAraNA paNa te caMdragupta rAjA hatuM ke koI sAmAnya-sAdhAraNa vicAra jaNAvatAM lakhe che keThe Raja Ta purUSa hatA, temaja te baMnene, eTale ke vikramAdityane rangini, the only Sanskrit Indian ane caMdraguptane kAMI sabaMdha hato ke kema, te viSe history extant, though avowedy jarApaNuM prakAza pADayo nathI. eTale te dalIla upara local in its purpose, gives promise-could bahu moTo madAra bAMdhIne AgaLa vadhavuM salAhakAraka we rely on its chronology-of unexpectlAgatuM nathI. ]. ed illustration of the present subject (5) mi. thomasa nAmanA vidvAna lakhe che36 ke - of inquiry, in as much as, it notices As there were many Vikramadityas; a Vikramaditya of Ujjain, specified so probably there were many Sakaris, particularly as Emperor of India, who Every frontier encounter with the nominated Mantrigupta to the throne Scythians, which did not result in of Kashmir, moreover to extend the absolute defeat of the Indian forces, coincidences, this Vikramaditya is cited would under the usual terms of ori- as having previously expelled the ental hyperbole, entitle the local Mlechhas and destroyed the Sakasa monarch to the honorary appellation rAjataraMgiNi, je eka ja saMskRta hiMdI ItihAsanuM of "Foe of the Scythians; and what- bacata pustaka che ane jene Azaya cokhkhI rIte ever may have been the real effect of sthAnika varNana karavAnA) che-temAM varNavelA banAva the vaunted success of vikramadityas' ne vizvAsanIya lekhI zakato hoya te--jenI tapAsa arms against the sakas-now conclusi ApaNe karI rahyA chIe. te prastuta viSayane eka vely dated in A.D.78-jema vikramAditya aneka che aNadhAryoja-alakSita daSTAMta Ape che; kemake temAM tema zakAri paNa aneka hovA saMbhava che.37 zaka leke ujanInA eka vikramAditya, jene khAsa karIne hiMdanA sAthenI dareka sarahadI laDAI, ke jemAM hiMdI lazkaranI zahenazAha39 tarIke oLakhAvyo che teNe kAzmiranI saMpUrNa hAra thaI nathI hotI, temAM sthAnika rAjavIne, gAdIe maMtriguptane nImyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. vaLI tene pauvaMya atiktinI hamezanI sAmAnyapaddhati pramANe vizeSa sammati-samarthana-ApatAM jaNAve che ke te zakAri'nuM mAnavaMtu birUdaja lagADavAmAM Ave che. vikramAditye agAu oNchone hAMkI kADhayA hatA ane zaka sAmenI laDAIje have nakkIpaNe I. sa. ane zakane kaccaraghANa vALI nAMkhyuM hatuM." 78 mAM banyAnuM gaNAya che, temAM vikramAdityanA lazka- A AkhAye lekha lagabhaga 90 varSane prAcIna ranI bhapakA bharelI phatehanuM game te pariNAma AveluM che. temaja te lakhAyA pachI keTalIye zodhakhoLa thaIne gaNAya taye...vaLI teja lekhaka anya ThekANe 38patAno temanA vicAromAM sudhArA vadhArA thaI gayA che. eTale (36) ja, je. e. o. pu. 12. pR. 14. vikramAditya keTalA thayA che te sarve ApaNe A padi (37) ghaNuM vikramAditya thaI gayA che te kathana satya mAM AgaLa upara carcavAnA chIe tyAMthI joI levuM. che. paNa zakAri ghaNuM thaI gayA che te satya nathI lAgatuM. (38) ja. ra. e. se. pu. 12. pR. 13. te mATe temaNe je purAvA raju karyA hota to vicAravAnuM (39) juo His des. Roi's du Kachmir II ThIka sAdhana maLata. bAkI itihAsamAM haju sudhI eka ja 16 (Troyer) vIlsana ezi. rIsarcajha pu. rAkAri vikramAditya noMdhAyo hoya ema jaNAya che. 15, 38.

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama bharDa te upara vizeSa carcA na karatAM je muddAo ApaNane mukAme paradezI zake ne vikramAditya zAlivAhane harAvyA upayogI che, paNa hajI sudhI chapAyA vinA athavA hatA ane zAlivAhana zakAda nAme pitAne saMvatsara asparzI ja paDI rahyA che. tenA upara ja mAtra ApaNe sthApyo hato. eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke (a) vivecana karIzuM. temanuM kahevuM ema che ke vikramAditya aneka zAlivAhana vikramAditya nAme eka rAjA thaI gayo thaI gayA che ane zakAri paNa ghaNuM thaI gayA che; che (ba) teNe zaka prajAne kArUra mukAme harAvI hatI; joke te vize temaNe koI purAve ke AdhAra TAMka (ka) teNe te prasaMganI yAdagIrImAM potAnA nAme nathI. eTale te vize ApaNe kAMI paNa carcA-vivAda- zAlivAhana zakAbU calAvyo hato tathA (3) daMtakaravA jevI sthitimAM nathI ja, tethI te mudo cheDI kathAo A pramANe bhArapUrvaka khAtrI ApatI jaNAI daIzuM. paNa eTaluM tAtparyuM to temanA lekhamAMthI che ema te kahe che. nIkaLI zake ja che, ke saMvatsarano sthApaka je vikramAditya [ mAruM TIpaNu-AmAM be traNa bAbatanuM mizraNa che te "zakAri' to hatAja temaja bIjo muddo e paNa karI naMkhAyuM che. lekhaka mahAzaya pite vikrama saMvata nIkaLe che ke, teo rAjataraMgiNinA pustakanI hakIkata mATe vivecana kare che ke zakasaMvata mATe te spaSTa thatuM te mAne che ja, paNa temAM ApelI sAla mATe temane nathI. kAraNa ke pite "zakA" zabda cAkhe vizvAsa besatuM nathI. ane trIjo muddo e che ke, lakhe che. jyAre kArUnI laDAIno havAlo Ape che te ujanIno nRpati hato tema hiMdano zahenazAha paNa te te vikramasaMvatanA sthApakane lagate hate ane maMtriguptane pAThavanAra paNa te pote ja hate. ApaNe te nyAya toLavA mATe banne saMvatsarane A sarva mudAo uparamAM carcAI gayelI naM. 4 nI vicAra kare ja rahe che. dalIlamAM batAvyA pramANe gardabhIla vikramAdityane ja ke je "zakAbdI uparaja temanI dalIla keMdrita thatI mAga paDe che. eTale na. 4 ane ne. panI dalIlomAM hoya , eTalI vAta te ApaNe jarUra svIkAravIja ekaja vikramAditya mATe lakhAyuM che, ema samajI levuM. rahe che ke, koI zAlivAhanavaMzanA rAjAe zakanAmane (6) eka anya lekhake, vaLI juduMja anumAna saMvatsara pravartAvyo cheja. ane teNe zaka prajAne harAvI uThAvIne ema dalIla karI che ke 40 Traditions paNa che. chatAM zuM te uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke tene are strong in asserting that - Vikram- nAmaja zAlivAhana vikramAditya42 hatuM? te temaNe aditya Salivahan defeated the alien spaSTapaNe sAbita karI batAvyuM to nathI ja. tema Sakas near Karur and established zAlivAhanavaMzanI vaMzAvaLI (pahelethI chelle sudhI his era, Salivahan Sahabda=daMtakathAmAM lagabhaga chatrIsa rAjAo thayA che temAM) AkhIye khAtrIpUrvaka ane bhAra daIne jaNAvAyuM che ke, kArUra tapAsI jatAM koInuM nAma vikramAditya hoya ema (40) ja. A. hI. pI. se pu. 2. bhAga 1 pR. 65. jene hAlamAM maMdira kahevAya che, te sthAnane kAra (41) vizeSa abhyAsane pariNAme A kathanamAM sudhAra tarIke oLakhAve che. A maMdasara vartamAnanA ratalAma zahora karavA paDaze tema lAgyuM che. juo zatavahana vaMzanA varNana. pAse AveluM che; eTale ke avaMtinI uttaramAM. paNa mArI (42) A gautamIputranuM birUda vikramAditya je joDAyuM mAnyatA evI che ke, kArUra zahera te avaMtithI dakSiNa che te tenA rAjyakALe thayela kavi guNADhaye, potAnA rAjAnA dezamAM javAnA rastA upara, kayAMka AveluM hovuM joIe, nahI zUrAtananuM varNana karavA mATe ane tenI pUrvanA vikramAdityanI ke avaMtinI uttaramAM; (jema maMdiranuM sthAna hAla batAvAya oLakha karAvavA mATe vAparela che (juo temanAM jIvana che tema)-A bhedane khulAse paNa ApaNane AgaLa jatAM caritra pu. 5). samajAya che,

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vizenI vicAraNA prathama pasjida ] jAtuM nathI. alabatta amarakAzakAranA varNana uparathI samajAya che ke temAMnA hAlanAme rAjAnuM khIjuM nAma vikramAditya hAvA saMbhava che. kharUM (juo uparamAM TI. naM. 20 ) jyAre zaka praznane harAvanAranuM nAma teA rANIbaLazrInA nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM teNInA pautra gautamIputra zAtakaraNInuM jaNAvAyuM che. A pramANe cAre taraph acAkkasatAnuM tattva patharAyeluM najare paDe che. vaLI temaNe kAra mukAme yuddha thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che. A kArra zaheranuM sthAna haju kAI rIte cokkasa thayuM nathI. paNa dhaNA kharA vidvAnAnI ema mAnyatA che ke, te hAlanA mALavA prAMtamAM Avela hAvuM joIe.43 jyAre itihAsathI ApaNe jANIe chIe ke te samaye mALavA prAMta, naheAte| zakaprajAnI sattAmAM, ke naheAtA gautamIputra zAtakaraNInI sattAmAM; paNa avaMtipati ga'bhIlavaMzI bhUtionI mAlikImAM te bhUmi hatI. te zuM zakaprajAnuM ane gautamIputranI vaccenuM A kApharavAnuM yuddha, kAI trIna bhUpatie pAtAnI bhUmi upara laDavA dIdhuM hatuM ema mAnI levuM ke ? tevI mAnyatA te yuddhanA sAdhAraNa niyamanI virUddhaja jAya tema che;44 kemake yuddha hamezAM be pakSakAramAMthI ekanI bhUmi uparaja laDavAmAM AvI zake. vaLI dhArA ke A kArUra zahera, jema vinsenTa smithanuM mAnavuM thayuM che tema, dakSiNu hiMdamAM Avela kAcIna rAjyanuM prAcIna samaye rAjadhAnInuM zahera hatuM te tyAM paNa pAchA, upara pramANeja vAMdhA AvIne unnA rahe che; kemake AMdhrapati zAtavAhanavaMzanI sattA (43) vartamAnakALe yuropanuM mahAyuddha (Isa. 1914thI 18 sudhInuM) khelajIamanI bhUmi upara laDAtuM hatuM. je bhUmi, be pakSe laDanAra ekapaNa prajAnI nahetI ane tethI tene yuddhanA niyama virUddhanI gaNAtI hatI. kAraNake trIjA pakSanI prajA je taddana nirdoSa DhAya ane jene laDAinI hAra chatamAM kAMIja svArthI nathI te prajA zA mATe yuddhanA jokhamamAM peAtAne utAre ? (44) jue aroka (vinse Ta smitha kRta) pR. 157. TI, pa temAM lakhyuM che ke-The ancient capital (of 93 kAI kALe, tuMgabhadrA nadInI dakSiNe ke tenI pelI pAra ane hAlanA maisura rAjyanI uttara sImA sudhI paNuM paheAMcIja nathI, tema zaka prajAnuM rAjya pazu narmadA nadInA dakSiNu kAMThAthI, ane ahu bahutA nAsika jIllAmAM gAdAvarI nadInA mULathI, dakSiNa dizA taraph laMbAyuM ja nathI. teA pachI banne pakSakAranA rAjyanI hadanuM jyAM svapnuM paNa Ave tema nathI te jagyAe yuddha thayAnuM zI rIte saMbhavI zake? jyAre kharI rIte te A gautamIputra ane zaka prajA vaccenI laDAI saiArASTra prAMtamAMja45 thaI che. A pramANe zAlivAhana rAjAnI mAnyatA ane kArUranI laDAImAM tenuM joDANu, te banne hakIkatAnuM asaMbhavitapaNuM siddha thAya che. vaLI jo zAtavAhanavaMzI rAjA hAlane, vikrama saMva tanA sthApaka tarIke lekhavA mAMgatA hA, teA khIjI muzkelI e Ave che ke, prathama teA tenuM rAjya che. sa. pU. 57 mAM hatuM ja nahIM. tenA rAjyanA prAraMbha i. sa. pU. 57 pachI lagabhaga dazeka varSe thavA pAmyA che.46 chatAMye jo vikramAdityane kApharanI laDAImAM yuddha karanAra ane zaka prajAne harAvanAra tarIke gaNI, zaka saMvatsarane sthAne vikrama saMvatsaranA sthApaka gaNaveA, ema jo lekhaka mahAzayanA kathanane| hetu heAya te uparanI dalIleA naM. 1, 2, 3mAM ApaNe puravAra karI gayA chIe te pramANe ahIM paNa teja gaIbhIlavaMzI vikramAdityane zakAra tarIke lekhavA paDaze. (7) anya vidvAna vaLI pAtAnI mAnyatA nIce pramANe jaNAve che47:--"He was called Keralputa) was Vanji, Vanchi or Karur (Tiru Karur) about 28 miles E. N. E. of Kochin= keralaputranI prAcIna rAjadhAnI vajI, vAMcI athavA karUra hatuM: jene hAla tirUra-kAra kahevAya che ane kAcInathI IzAna khUNe lagabhaga 28 mAila upara Avela che, (45) jue pu. 3 mAM rUSabhadrutta zAhIvazanA rAyAbrikAranuM vRttAMta. (46) jIe zatavahana vaMzanI vaMzAvaLI pu. 5 muM. (47) De'4 enzanTa egrApI epha inDiyA pR. 59.

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74 zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa Vikramaditya II the Great, who jaNAve che. eTale lekhaka mahAzayanuM kahevuM ema thAya founded samvat era A. D. 515 to che ke (a) abarUnInA kahevAthI De. haeNrnala ane 550, who revived Hinduism and Da kIeArnanI mAnyatA ema thaI che ke, kArUra mukAme introduced Shiva-puja tene vikramAditya bIjo yuddha i. sa. 144mAM thayuM che. A yuddhamAM eka pakSe (mahAna) kahevAto hato, teNe I. sa. 515-550 mALavAnA rAjapUto hatA ane sAmApakSe mihirakuLa sudhImAM saMvatanI sthApanA karI che, vaLI teNe hiMdu tathA teramaNanI jAtavALAo hatA. (ba) paNa rA. dharmane punaruddhAra karIne zivapUjA dAkhala karI che." ba. vaidya sAhebanI mAnyatA pramANe mi. abarUnInuM eTale ke temanI gaNatrI ema che ke (a) A purU- kathana barAbara nathI lAgatuM. (ka) tathA A banne muddA Sane vikramAditya bIjA tarIke saMbodhavAmAM Ave che. upara vicAra karIne potAnuM maMtavya rA. ba. vaidya (ba) tene samaya I. sa. 515 thI 550 no gaNAya tarapha DhaLatuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. che ane (ka) teNeja hiMdu dharmane uddhAra karIne ziva- [TIppaNa-prathama to mi. ahabarUnIne samaya ja pUjA dAkhala karI mahimA vadhAryo che. I. sa. nI bAramI sadIno che eTale ke kAranI [ mAruM TIpaNa-prathama to A rAjA kayA vaMzano laDAI (jo I. sa. 544mAM thayAnuM te kabUlIe to) hata tathA kayA pradezano bhUpati hatA vigere kAI thayA bAda cha ane ( je tene i. sa. pU. 57mAM prakAranuM temaNe vivecana ja karyuM nathI, eTale teno thayAnuM gaNIe to) bAra sadIne samaya tene kahevAya. patto lagAveja bhAre che. mAtra sAla uparathI ja vaLI mi. abarUnInA lakhavAne sarva AdhAra paNa tenI kheLa kADhavI te te ghumADAmAM bAcakA bharavA kevaLa daMtakathAo ane tevAja anya bIna vizvasajevuM gaNAya. eTale te vize prayatna karavAnuM ApaNe nIya sAdhana upara racAyeluM che, ema tenAM pustakenAM choDI devuM ja rahe che. paraMtu eka vAta yAda Ave che vAMcanathI khulluM dekhAI Ave che. eTale paNa rA. . kadAca lekhaka mahAzayane IrAdo. mihirakaLa ane ba. vaidya mahAzayanuM maMtavya sAcA jevuM gaNI zakAya. taramANanI sAthe je yuddha mALavAnA rAjapUtone vaLI mi. abarUnInA maMtavya sAme paDakAra jhIlanAra, thayela che, te saMbaMdhI isAro karavAno hoya to te amarakezikAra jevI49 sarvamAnya thayela sattAne che. mata paNa keTalo khoTo che, te ApaNe nIcenI dalIla tema amarakezakAra, eka hiMdI hovA upadAMta hiMdu naM. 8 mAM batAvavAnuM che eTale tyAMthI joI levA paNa che eTale hiMduvano tathA hiMdane 96 tIhakIkavinaMti che. tane, te eTale jANakAra hoI zake teTale mi. (8) eka lekhaka mahAzaya jaNAve che ke48 abarUnI je eka ahiMdu naja hoI zake. vaLI mi. mAlavapati yazodharmAe kArUra mukAme I. sa. 544mAM abarUnI karatAM amarakoSakAranI ke koI paNa kASamihirakulane harAvyAnI vAta Da. hainele ane DaoN. kAranI, ekaThI karelI hakIkatamAMthI kharI vastu cALI kIlaene karI che. paNa te vAtano InkAra rA. ba. kADhavAnI ane pachI tenuM pRthakkaraNa karI nihALI vaidya mahAzaye karyo che. kAraNake uparanA banne vidA- jovAnI zakti, paNa vizeSa aMze khIlelI hoya ema noe mi. abarUnInA kahevAne ja AdhAra lIdhe gaNI zakAya che. eTale paNa amarakoSakAranuM vacana che. vaLI te upara vicAra karatAM te kArUnuM yuddha to vadhAre vizvasanIya dekhAya che. bIjuM, kArUnI jIta . sa. 544nI pahelAM ghaNA varSe thaI gayuM che ema meLavanArane te. zakAri vikramAditya kahevAya che. jyAre ' (48) juo, bhArata kA prAcIna rAjavaMza pu. 2 pR. 386thI AgaLanAM pRSTho.. (49) amarakeSamAM ja vikramAdityane zakAri kahIne (49) amarakeSamAja vika mAdita aMbedhA che. (juo uparamAM TI. naM. 27. )

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prathama pariccheda ] vizenI vicAraNuM mihira kula ane toramANane te zaka jAtinA nahIM pU. nI pahelI sadImAM banyAnuM goThavI kADhayuM che. paNa dUNa jAtinA gaNAvAyA che, eTale temanA harAva- I. I." eTale ke temanA mate (a) mi. hyuena nArane zakAri na kahetAM dRNAri kahI zakAya. vaLI zAMge hakIkatonI tArIkhe nedhavAmAM bahu bedarakArI hRNa prajAnuM nivAsasthAna, himAlayanI uttare tibeTanA vAparI che. (ba) zrI harSavardhana samrATa ke jenuM bIjuM pradezamAM, athavA tenAthI paNa bahu cheTe ane uttare nAma vikramAditya hatuM teja zakAri che ane kArUnA eziyAI turkastAnamAM gaNAya che, jyAre zaka prajAnuM yuddhamAM teNe ja vijaya prApta karyo che. (ka) vaLI A nivAsasthAna balucistAna, aphagAnistAna ane IrA- yuddha I. sa. nI chaThThI zatAbdinA pUrvAddhamAM thayuM che nanI sarahado jyAM saMlagna thAya che tyAM Avela zaka- temaja (ka) hiMdu prajAe A banAvane pitAnI vRtti stAna nAmavALA pradezamAM AveluM che. eTale ke dUrNa saMtoSavAnI khAtara I. sa. nI chaThThI zatAbdine badale prajA ane zaka prajA koI rIte eka ja prajA tarIke I. sa. pU. nI pahelI zatAbdimAM te banyAno gaNAvI mAnI levAya tema paNa nathI. A pramANe sarva kADhayo che. I. I. vastusthiti eka bIjAthI ghaNe darajaje bhinna bhinna [ TIppaNa--alabatta vidvAna saMzodhaka tarapha saMpUrNa che. matalaba ke sarva hakIkata jotAM, kArUranuM yuddha mAna dharAvatAM chatAM paNa kahevuM paDe che ke, bIjA amarakoSakAranA kahevA pramANe I. sa. 544 pahelAM upara TIkA karavI te jeTaluM saheluM che tenA karatAM te ghaNAM varSo pUrve, eTale I. sa. pU. 57 mAM je dhAravAmAM sAbita karavuM te vizeSa kaThina kArya che. pote TIkA AvyuM che temaja banyuM hovuM joIe. ane te yuddhamAM karavA bahAra te paDayA che paNa pote vicAra karyo avaMtipati gabhIlavaMzI vikramAdityano ja hAtha hovo che ke (1) zrI harSavardhananuM nAma te zilAditya hatuM ke joIe. vikramAditya hatuM? (2) ane zrI harSane samaya te (9) vaLI prakhyAta vidvAna mi. pharagyusananI te I. sa. 634 eTale isvInI sAtamI sadInA mAnyatA evI che ke50:-"Hieun Tshang pUrvAddha che ke temanA kathana pramANe chaThThI sadInA is generally so careless about his dates pUrvAddhane che ? (3) zuM hiMdu prajA evI ajJAna ane -Shree Harsha Vikramaditya Sakari ajANa hatI ke eka hakIkatane sAta sAta varSa lived and defeated the Sakas at the jeTalI AgaLa pAchaLa hAMkI lai jAya ane aitibattle of Karur in the first half of hAsika ta jevI jIvatI jAgatI ane nakkara satya the jxth century of our era, and the siddha thayela vastune nAnA bALakanAM ramakaDAM jevI Hindus for the sake of adjusting vastu TharAvI, svecchApUrvaka Amane tema gabaDAvye ja their eras, placed these events in the jAya? (4) vaLI zaka prajA ja jyAM te samaye (I. first century before Christ=mi. hyuena sAMga sa. nI chaThThI ke sAtamI sadI, game te ) astisAmAnya rIte tArIkha darzanamAM bahu bedarakAra dekhAya tvamAM nahotI tyAM pachI zakAri nAma ja zI rIte che; kemake zakAri vikramAditya zrI harSavardhana je ApaNA upasthita karI zakAya ? koI paNa itihAsakAre zrI saMvatanI chaThThI sadInA pUrvAddhamAM thaI gayo che ane harSavardhanane zakAri upanAma lagADayuM hoya ema haju kArUnA yuddhamAM jeNe zakene parAjaya pamADayo che; sudhI te jaNAyuM nathI ja; chatAM jaNAvyuM hoya to temaja je hiMduoe mAtra pitAnA saMvatsaranI pote tene AdhAra TAMka joIto hato, athavA tArIkha baMdhabesatI karavAne A banAvane I. sa. pitAnI ekalAnIja te mAnyatA thatI hatI te (50) ja. 2. e. se. bITana enDa AyarlaDa pu. 12. 5. 279,

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zAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa brigatathI ane dalIlathI te puravAra karI batAvavuM nInA vikramAditye A vikrama) saMvata sthApyo che hatuM. paNa tema karavAne badale pitAnI kalpanAmAM evI daMtakathA cAle paNa che chatAM A zilAlekha satya jema Ave tema goLA gabaDAvye javA te ItihAsanuM havA saMbhava che. vaLI A saMvatanI sthApanAnuM mULa caNatara caNavAmAM te jarA paNa ucita nahIMja game te Thare, ye bIjI vastusthiti vicAratAM ajhIjha gaNAya. (5) vaLI hyuena-sAMga je (bIjI bAba- pahelAne samaya te A kALe TharAvavAnuM vyAjabI temAM-tene dhamanI mahattvatA gAvAmAM kadAca ati gaNAya che. eTale lekhaka mahAzayanA kahevAne bhAvArtha cokti kare te mAnI zakAya, paNa AmAM te kAMI e che ke, (a) je vikramasaMvatane I. sa. pU. 58nI tene svArtha jevuM paNa nathI tethI), taTastha purUSa AdimAM prAraMbha thayo che tene pravartaka bAdazAha pitAnA ja samayanI banela hakIkatanI tArIkhomAM ajhIjha pahele hate (ba) vaLI takSitAmAMthI je darakAra kare che ema kAMI paNa purA TAMkayA sivAya zilAlekha sara jona mArzala sAhebane maLI Avyo che jAhera karavuM te zuM zobhAspada che? game tema che, te temanA maMtatya pramANe ajhIjhanA saMvatanA 136nA paNa pharagyusana sAhebanA kathananI satyatA vize AMkane che. (ka) tathA zakAri vikramAdityane te ApaNuM manamAM ThIka chApa paDatI nathI ja. saMvata bhale gaNu Ave che, chatAM badhI hakIkatanuM (10) vaLI eka pramANabhUta gaNutA pustakamAM nirIkSaNa karatAM, tenI sAthe ajhIjha pahelAno samaya lakheluM che ke -"To Aziz I has been barAbara maLato Ave che kharo. attributed the foundation of Vikrama [TIppaNa-(1) prathama te ajhIjha pahele ane Era, beginning in B. C. 58 and vikamAditya te banne samakAlina ja nathI. hA, haju eTaluM according to Sir John Marshall, an banavA yogya che ke, ajhIjha pahelAnuM maraNa jyAre inscription discovered by him at thayuM che tyAre, ke tyAra pahelA athavA te pachI thoDA Taxilla is actually dated in the year varSe vikramAditya gAdIe Avyo che. eTale ke 136 of Aziz. This inscription may well ajhIjhanA maraNa samaye vikramAdityanI haiyAtI te be correct, in spite of the tradition A pRthvI upara thaI cUkI hatI, paNa rAjapade vibhUthat this era was founded by king Sita thayo hoya vA na paNa thayo hoya teTale daraje Vikramaditya of Ujjain to commemo- baMne samasamI kahI zakAya. bAkI te ekanuM maraNa rate the defeat of the Sakas, and thayuM che ane bIjo teja arasAmAM gAdIpati banyo whatever may have been the origin che ema banavA pAmyuM che. to pachI zuM I. sa. pU. 58 mAM of this era, the assignment of Aziz I ajhIjhanuM maraNa thayuM che tenI yAdagIrImAM teNe potAnA to this period is justified by other saMvatanI sthApanA karI haze ema mAnavuM ? (2) prazna considerations=I. sa. pU. 58mAM zarU thatA e thAya che ke ajhIjhane ane vikramAdityane arasavikrama saMvata, ajhIjha pahelAe sthApyAnuM kahevAyuM che parasa eTaluM badhuM zuM lAgatuM vaLagatuM hatuM, ke heta tathA takSilAno je zilAlekha sara jona mArzala sAhebe ubharAI jatuM hatuM, ke ajhIjha je zahenazAha uThIne zodhI kADhayo che te ajhIjhanA (eTale ajhIjha vikramAdityanA nAmane saMvata calAve? ane temAM paNa saMvatanA) 136mA varSamAM lakhAya che ema pitAnuM khUbI e che ke, je banAva bhaviSyamAM banavAne che kathana che. zaka lekenA parAjayanI yAdagIrImAM uje. (kAraNake ajhIjhanA maraNa bAda ja vikramAditya (51) ke, hi. I. 1, 5. pa71

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prathama pariccheda ]. vizenI vicAraNA gAdie Avyo che, tenA upara te gaNatrI kevI rIte vALA praznomAM lagabhaga samAviSTa thaI jAya che, eTale karI zake ? 9LI te bane nathI eka nAta jAtanA vizeSa vistAra thaI javAnA bhayathI ApaNe AgaLa ke nathI benI vacce koI jAtanI mitrAcArI ke cAlIzuM. uparanA muddAonI chaNAvaTa karIne je sAra bhAIbaMdhI, ke te teno saMvata calAvavAnI prerAya. (3) ApaNe tAravI zakyA chIe te saMkSiptamAM A pramANe temaja 136nA AMkanepara je ajhIjhane gaNave che che. (1) vikrama saMvatsarane sthApaka tenA nAma pramANe te mATe AdhAra zuM che? chatAMye te 136no AMka vikramAditya ja hato ane have joIe (2) temaja ajhIjhano ja che ema sAbita thatuM hoya te tene teNe kArUra mukAme zaka prajAne harAvIne zakAri nAmanuM che ke takSilAno zilAlekha jyAre ajhIjhe birUda prApta karyuM hatuM (joke kAranuM sthAna nakkI karI katarAvyo tyAre kaMIka evo saMvata cAlate hato zakAyuM nathI). bAkI vikramAdityanA nAmavALI aneka ke jeno Azraya levAnuM ajhIjhe munAsiba dhAryuM hatuM; vyaktio thaI gaI che. temAMthI kone zakAri tarIke ane te samaye te saMvatanuM 136 muM varSa cAlatuM hatuM. oLakhAvI zakAya te prazna ja sarvane muMjhavanAro thaI te uparathI te ulaTuM ema siddha thayuM, ke te 136nA paDe che. eTale kyA vikramAdityane zakAri kahI zakAya AMkavALA saMvata, na Tharyo ajhIjhano ke na karyo te rahasya je samajI javAya te pachI pAka nirNaya vikramAdityane; paNa ajhIjha gAdIe Avyo te pahelAM upara AvavAne jarA paNa zaMkA ke bhrAMtinuM sthAna rahe Azare savAso varSa upara thaI gayela koI anya nahIM. teTalA mATe vikramAditya nAma dharAvanArA keTalA parAkramazIla vyaktie tenI sthApanA karI hovI joIe; rAjAo thayA ane teo dareka kayAre thaI gayA, tema vaLI te 136no AMka ajhIjhanA pitAnA rAjyano tene eka ke je vAMcaka mahAzayanI samakSa dharavAmAM hevAnuM paNa saMbhavita nathI kemake tevaDuM moTuM dIrdhakAlIna Ave, te ApaNuM kArya ghaNuM sudhaTa ane saraLa thaI rAjya ke AyuSya keI bhegavI zakatuM nathI. matalaba ke jAya ema mAruM dhAravuM thAya che. eTale te prayatna A sarva dalIla ane carcAothI ema siddha thAya che. have AdarUM chuM. I. sa. pU. 57nI sAlamAM je saMvatsaranI Adi thaI mi. prinsesanA kahevA pramANe eka vikrama saMvatane che tene ane pArthiane zahenazAha ajhIjha pahelAne, pracAra-pradeza, mukhyatve uttara hiMdamAM ja che. temane kaI rIte koI saMbaMdha ja nathI. (A ajhIjha pahelA vicAra temaNe A zabdomAM vyakata karyo che: "The. vizenI keTalIka hakIkata upara naM. 2 nI dalIlamAM era of Vikramaditya is in general use. ApaNe vicArI gayA chIe te tyAMthI joI levI). throughout Telengana and Hindustan A pramANe bhinna bhinna vidvAnonA temaja bhinna properly so called, it is less used. hina madA upasthita karatA praznovALA daza abhi- although known in Bengal, Tirhut and prAne lagatI carcA ApaNe uparamAM karI gayA Nepal, and according to Warren, is chIe. te uparAMta hajI aneka mata TAMkI zakAya nearly unknown in the Peninsulas tema che. paraMtu temAMnA sarve muddAo, uparanI carcA- . vikramAdityane saMvata telaMgaNamAM 54 temaja kharI (52) kharI rIte takSazilAnA zilAlekhamAM AMka te 79 karI cUkayA chIe te joI levI. ja chepaNa te AMka I sa. pU. 57nA keI saMvata- (53) juo prInsepsa sAhebanuM raceluM inDiyana " sarano TharAvIne 57+79=36 hovAnuM temaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM enTIvITIjha enDa yusaphula Tebalsa nAmanuM pustaka pR.157. che. matalaba ke zilAlekhamAM 131no AMka ja nathI. A (54) AmAM keAI telaMgaNa deza vize kahevA mAMge che paNa unA AMka vizenI carcA pu. mAM pU. 240 upara ApaNe te spaSTa nathIH saMbhava che ke jene hAla ApaNe telaMga

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78 zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaDa rIte oLakhAtA hiMdustAna bharamAM, sAmAnya rIte sudhIno samaya tapAsI laIzuM. kemake "vikramasaMvata" pracalita che. beMgAla, tirahuTa ane nepAlamAM te lakhela e pahele zilAlekha vi. saM. 811= I. jaNAve che paNa bahu vaparAzamAM nathI. ane mi. sa. 75456, ane vi. saM. 826= I.sa.76mAM 57 vairananA kahevA pramANe (hiMdanA ) dvIpakalpamAM te te ke vi. saM. 897 = I. sa. 840mAM paTakAtarAyala lagabhaga aparicitaja che.A sthiti ane saMyogo adyApi paryata maLI Avela che. jo ke kAThiyAvADavicAratAM, vikrama saMvatanA sthApakane uttara hiMdamAM thayela mAMthI maLI Avela eka lekhamAM59 I. sa. 738= bhUpationI hAramALAmAMnA eka tarIkeja ApaNe 794 nI sAla vikrama saMvatamAM lakhela che. paNa tenAM lekho rahe che. chatAMye dakSiNa hiMdanA rAjavIomAM tithi, vAra, nakSatra barAbara maLatAM nathI AvatAM paNa je kAI vikramAditya nAmadhArI rAjAo thaI eTale tene sapramANu kahI zakAya nahIM. gayA jaNAyA che temanAM nAme paNa tapAsI joIzuM. upara pramANe tapAsavA yogya (ApaNe TharAvelA jethI zaMkAno kiMcid aMza paNa ApaNA hRdayamAM eka hajAra varSanA gALAmAM I. sa. pU 1 thI pAchaLathI rahI jAya nahIM, ke kayo zakAri rAjA vikramA. I. sa. 900 sudhInA ) je rAjAe uttara hiMdamAM ditya hoI zake? tema vaLI je savAla ubho thayo che thaI gayA che temAM keTalAka hiMdI olAdanA che ne te I. sa. pU. pa thI AraMbhIne bahumAM bahuta I. sa. keTalAka ahiMdInA paNa che. jyAre ApaNe te ahIM 650 sudhInA sAta varSanA gALAmAM thayela vikramA- vikramAdityanA nAmanI sAtheja levA devAnuM che. eTale ditya nAmanA rAjAonI vacce nirNaya karI levA ahiMdI olAdanA rAjAonAM nAme alaga ja mATeja che; nahIM ke te pachInA samayanA; chatAM vaLI pADI daIzuM. pachI je bAkI rahyA te A pramANe che. keAIne manamAM zaMkA na rahI jAya, mATe I. sa. 900 avaMtipatine eka gardabhIlavaMza, bIjo guptavaMza, ane bhASA bAlatA deza tarIke oLakhAvI rahyA chIe te ja haze; early as 826; Arch. Dep. Vol. 1 p. 266; thokemake A vAkayanuM uttarAddha je che temAM sApha jaNAvyuM che ugh somewhat inconsistently he says in ke dIpakalpamAM te tenuM nAma taddana ajANyuM che ane the same volume that the earlist inscription dIpakalpa eTale dakSiNahiMda. temAM ja kaparane telaMgu deza he knows dated in the Vikram Era is 811 vartamAnakALe ApaNe mAnya che. chatAM, te vAkaya mi. rinanuM or A. D. 754 (Arch. Dept I p. 68 ) IsavInA che ane pite tenAthI jude mata dharAve che ema je temanuM agiyAramA saikAnI pahelA ane jemAM vikrama saMvata vaparAyo kahevuM thatuM hoya, te telaMgaNane dakSiNa hiMdamAM ja samAveza hoya te kaI zilAlekha temanI jANamAM nathI ja. sara karavo paDaze. kaniMgahAma paNa teja hada Ake che. temanuM kahevuM to ema (55) vaLI vikramAditya evuM nAma pADavAnI prathA thAya che ke (A. DI. pu. 2 pR. 266) I. sa. 826 nI musalamAna rAjya hiMdamAM sthApita thayA pachI-khAsa karIne pUrve vikrama saMvata vaparAtA ja nathI. chatAM te kathananI ? uttarahiMdamAM nAbuda thaI gaI lAge che (sarakhA vikramAditya virUddha jaIne teja pustakamAM pAchuM pate jaNAve che ke zakArinA cAritramAMnI hakIkata.) (A. DI. pu. 2, pR. 68) vikrama saMvatamAM lakhela vahe. (56) AkIolojIkala rIporTa bIje pR. 68mAM ja. lAmAM vahelo zilAlekha je pote jANatA hoya to te ri. e. sa. pu2 pR. 271ne havAlo ApIne huM. vi. saM. 811=I. sa. 754no che. bhAla dAjIe jaNAvyuM che ke, He knows of no insc. (57) A. DI. pu. 2. 5, 266 (upara TI. naM. 59 ription duted in the Samvant, before the Hi adi (qazd soll.) eleventh century of the Christian Era, General (58) bhA. prA. . pu. 2. pR. 386 : I. e. pu. Cunningham goes nearly so far. He says the 19. pR. 35 (dholapuranA mahAsena cahuANanA samayane), gamvat of Vikramaditya was not used so (59) I. e. 5, 19, 5. 35,

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prathama paricheda ]. * sthApaka hevA vize trIje paramAra viza. uparAMta kane jane eka pratihAra uttara hiMdanA cha ane dakSiNa hiMdanA traNa, ema maLI vaza ane bIjo parihAravaMza ane saurASTrane vallabhI nava rAjavaMzamAMthI, uttaranA vallabhI ane dakSiNanA vaMza. A sivAya koI hiMdI rAjAo, uparanA eka AMdhra 10 tathA rASTrakUTavaMzamAMthI kaI vikramAditya hajAra varSanA gALAmAM uttara hiMdanI kaI bhUmi upara nAmadhArI rAjA thayo nathI eTale te traNa bAda karatAM sattAdhIza banyA nathI: yAre dakSiNa bhAratamAM. bAkInA chamAMthI keTalA vikramAditya thayA che tenI ja Adhaveza. cAlukayavaMza ane rASTrakaTavaMza; te nAmanA noMdha levI rahe che. te tapAsatAM nIce pramANe hakIkata traNavaMzaja rAjyAdhikAre AvI gayA che. A pramANene sAMpaDe che. sAla varSa (a) gardabhIla (1) vikramAditya : vikramasiMha I. sa. pUrve 57 thI I. sa. 3 = 60 (ba) guptavaMza (2) caMdragupta pahele vikramAditya pahele I. sa. 719 thI I. sa. 330 = 11 (3) caMdragupta bIje H vikramAditya bIje I. sa. 375 thI ,, 414 (4) kumAragupta : vikramAditya trIje I. sa. 480 thI ,, 495 = 15 (ka) paramAravaMza (5) yazodharmanaH 11 vikramAdityaH zilAditya. I. sa. 515 thI 550 | 35 thI vikalpa che 540 thI 590 I 50 (6) devazakti (vikramAditya nAma saMbhavita che) I. sa. 720 thI 780 = 60 (3) caulukyavaMza. (7) vikramAditya pahelo zaka 655-681 = I. sa. 733-759 = 26 - (8) vikramAditya bIja 63 , 681 ,, 59 thI A pramANe cAra vaMzamAM ATha vikramAditya thayA che. vaLI keTalAka graMthakAranuM 4 ema paNa mAnavuM thayuM che ke vikramAdityane koI koI ThekANe rAjA bhoja tarIke hiMduoe gaNI kADhayo che. eTale tevA bhojadeva keTalA thayA che tenI paNa ApaNe tapAsa karavI ja rahe che. tevI vyaktio karnala ToDanA maMtavya pramANe be vaMzamAM maLIne traNa thaI che. 65tema mArI tapAsamAM paNa traNanIja saMkhyA thayela nIkaLe che. alabatta (60) pAchaLathI mAlama paDayuM che ke AMdhruvaMzanA 36 (14) juo uparamAM dalIla naM. 3 tathA ezi. rIsa. zAomAM na. 20 vALA rAjA hAlanuM nAma paNa vikrama- pu. 9. pR. 17: ja. . e. se. pu. 12 pR. 275mAM ditya hatuM (juo uparamAM TI. naM. 20) paNa tene zakAri lakhela che ke Bhoja is the name of Persians kahI zakAya tema nathI (juo uparamAM naM. 6 vALI dalIla) given to Vikramaditya's son and often coneTale atra te nAmanI gaNanA karela nathI; chatAM ApaNuM found the acts of the one with those of the viSacanI chaNAvaTa karavAmAM kei deSa rahI ja nathI other; Farishtah Danes translation vol. I p. 13. eTalA mATe atra te jaNAvI lIdhuM che. =IrAnI loko vikramAdityanA putrane bheja nAmathI saMbodhe (61) jIo goDavaho pustakanI prastAvanA pR. 219. che ane vAraMvAra ekanA jIvana banAvane bIjAnI sAthe (62) ja. ba. che. ra. e. se. pu. 8 pR. 17. bheLavI de che-pharistAha DensI, bhASAMtara pu. 1 pR. 13) - (63) jIo uparamAM dalIla naM. 3: ezi. rIsa. pu. (65) te traNane samaya karnala ToDa A pramANe che 9 pR. 177. che. (1) 636 (2) 721 ane (3) 191 A pramANenI

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa temAM eTalI viziSTatA che ke, te traNamAMnA be bhojadeva te eka ja samaye vidyamAna hatA. te sarvene samaya nIce pramANe che. (i) paramAravaMza (avaMtipati) (9) vRddha bhojadeva-vaidikamata pramANe kavi bANa ane I. sa. 55nI AsapAsamAM mayuravALA-ane jaina mata pramANe bhaktAmara rAjyakALa Azare 60 varSa strotranA kartA mAnatuMgarivALA. (10) bhojadevaH AdivarAha: upamiti bhavaprapacAnA I. sa. 870 thI 915 = 45 kartA siddharSivALA, vi. saM. 960. varSa Azare 1) bhejadevaH zilAditya : pratApazIla; muMjarAjA I. sa. 996 thI 1055=59 u pRthvIvalabhane bhatrije, tathA vAdivetAla, zAMtisUrine prabodhita, (I) parihAravaMza--kane japati (12) bhejadeva--te uparanA naM. 10 ne samakAlIna tathA je rAjA Amradeva (bappabhaTTa sUrivALA)no naM. 10 no samaya pautra thatA hatA te upara pramANe ATha vikramAditya ane cAra vALA vikramAdityanA amalamAMja TharAvI zakAya, nahIM bhojadeva thayA che. te darekanI sAthe temanAM upa- ke naM. vALA bhejadevanA samaye. matalaba e thaI nAme-birU-paNa TAMkI batAvyAM che. te upa- ke, traNa athavA cAranI saMkhyAmAM je bhejava thayA rathI joI zakAze ke je cAra bhejadeva thayA hovAnuM gaNo te sarve ne vikramasaMvatsaranA sthApaka tarIkenI che temAMthI naM. 10-11 ane 12 mAM to koInuM gaNatrI karavAmAMthI ApaNe te bAtalaja rAkhavA rahe che. nAmaja vikramAditya nathI. eTale te bAda karatA rahyA have vikramAdityano prazna vicArIe-ke temanI bAkI naM. 9 vAge haju saMbhavI zake khare. vaLI je AThanI saMkhyAmAMthI kaI vyakti zakArinuM birUda vikramAdityanAM nAma tapAsIzuM te, niM. 5 vALo je dhAraNa karavA yogya che? A mATenI tapAsa ApaNe che tenuM rAjya i. sa. 550mAM khatama thAya che ane be traNa niyamonA AdhAre karI zakIe tema che. na. 9 vALA bhejadevanuM zarU thAya che (A sAle sAdhAraNa rIte eka evo niyama hoya che ke koIpaNa meM aTakaLe goThavI che. kadAca pAMca daza varSa ekanI nRpati potAnA vaMzano saMvatsara cAlato hoya te tene bAbatamAM AgaLa mUkavA paDe te bIjAnI bAbatamAM te tyAga karIne, bIjA koie sthApita karela saMvatsara pramANe sudhAre karavuM paDe teTaluM ganImata lekhavuM. bAkI hoya te vAparavAnI IcchA pote kare nahIM. bIjI bAju ne. 5 vALA vikramAdityanI pachI turataja na. 9 vALA eTaluM te ItihAsa prasiddha bInA che ke, gupta saMvata jadeva avaMtipati banyo che teTaluM te cokkasa ja nAmano saMvatsara guptavaMzI rAjAoe calAvyo hato. samajavuM). have jo zakAri vikramAditye laDela kArUnA eTaluM ja nahIM paNa tene sArI rIte vaparAzamAM paNa yuddhanI sAla I. sa. 534 TharAvAya te te naM. 5 lIdhe che. jayAre A pramANe vastusthiti hoya athavA sAla ApI che. paNa te kaye saMvatsara che ema lakhyuM Avaze (jIe karnala TaMDanuM rAjasthAna.). nathI. saMbhavita che ke vikrama saMvata haze jethI karIne te (66) kharI rIte tenI sAla I. sa. 53 traNenI sAla anukrame I. sa. 575, 665 ane 1035 saMbhava che. hovA

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81 prathama paricacheda ] vize vicAraNuM che, tyAre te naM. 2, 3 ane 4 vALA vikrama- paradezI prajA sAthe yuddhamAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM. temAM ditya, zuM potAnA vaMzano gupta saMvatsara mUkI daIne (1) eka muddo-e ke naM. 5 vALAne dUNu prajA vikrama saMvatsara grahaNa kare kharA ? haragIja nahIM. sAthe bAkhaDavuM paDayuM hatuM (jue uparanI dalIla temaja uparamAM naM. 1 nI dalAle ApaNe sAbita . 8 ane 9). jyAre naM. 1 vALAne zaka prajA karI gayA chIe ke naM. 2 ane 3 vALA vikramAditya sAthe khAMDAnA khela khelavA paDayA hatA. eTale naM. 5 te zikArI paNa kahevAyA nathI, eTale je dalIla A vALAne haju dUNAri ApaNe kahI zakIe paNa guptavaMzI vikramAdityone lAgu paDe che te ja dalIla naM 1 ne zakAri kahI zakAya. (2) bIjo muddonaM. 7 ane 8 vALA cAlukyavaMzI vikramAdityane paNa itihAsakAroe jyAM jyAM zakArinuM nAma joyuM che lAgu paDe che; kAraNa ke temane saMvata zaka saMvatsara hatuM. tyAM tyAM naM. 1 vALAnI sAthe svayaM joDI dIdhuM che. eTale teo paNa teno tyAga karIne vikrama saMvatsara jyAre naM. 5 vALA sAthe te amuka kAraNasara ja vAparavAnuM munAsiba dhAre nahIM. A pramANe naM. 2, 3, (vikrama saMvata kema cAlatuM baMdha thaI gayo ane pAchA 4, 7 ane 8 ne bAda karatAM, mAtra naM. 1, 5 ane kema zarU thayo tene meLa utAravAnA hetuthI ja ) te 6 vALA traNa vikramAdityano ja vicAra karavo rahyo. nAma joDavAne prerAyA che. (3) trIjo muddo-zaka A traNe avaMtipatio che ja. tema kArUranuM prajAno itihAsa tapAsatAM tenI utpattinA ane sthaLa paNa mALavA prAMta-avaMtinA pradezanI hadamAM ja vinAzane samaya sAthe vicAratAM naM. 1 ne ja Avela che. eTale pradezanI gaNanAthI paNa, te traNene zakArinuM birUda sarvathA lAgu paDI zake tema che. eTale lAgu paDe tema che. paNa samayanI gaNatrIe tema thatuM A dRSTie jotAM zakAri tarIke te naM. 1 vALAne ja. nathI. have je kArUnuM yuddha I. sa. pU. pachamAM lekhAvI zakAya tema che. jyAre naM. 5 vALAne dUNAri TharAvA te naM. 1 vALAne te lAgu pADI zake tema che tarIke ja gaNu rahe che. 18. ane I. sa. 533nI AsapAsa TharAvo te naM. 5ne have temanA yuddhanA sthAna para vicAra karIe. lAgu paDI zake. bAkI naM. 6no samaya te I. sa. amarakeSakAra jevo suprasiddha vidvAna jyAre ApaNane 533thI bahu dUra cAlyo jAya che. eTale eka pachI eka ema jaNAve che ke, zakAri vikramAdityane kArUra mukAme vikramAditya ane bhojadeva, ema pratyekanA saMjogone zaka prajA sAthe vigrahamAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM. tyAre vicAra karatAM, ane te pramANe eka pachI ekanuM ApaNe te mane mAnya rAkhyA vinA ke thato TALaNa karye jatAM, ApaNe bIjA sarveno bahiSkAra nathI. ane naM. 5 vALA dUNarinA saMgrAma sthaLa karI nAkhyo che. have mAtra naM. 1 ane naM. 5 vALA mATe anya sthAnakanuM nirmANa karavuM paDaze. atra mi. ema kevaLa be ja vyaktinI tapAsa levI rahe che. pharagyusananA zabdo ApaNane mArgadarzaka thaI paDe tema AmAM sthaLane vicAra karatAM kene kArUra mukAme lAge che. temaNe lakhyuM che ke&, Battles of yuddha khelavuM paDayuM hatuM te bhale vivAdagrasta prazna Karur and Mansheri freed India from rAkhIe, chatAM eTaluM te cokkasa che ja ke, te bannene the Sakas and Huns, who had long (67) rANIzrI baLazrIno nAsikano zilAlekha juo. | (68) A viSaya paratvenI keTalIka carcA mAlavasaMvatane temAM zaka prajane nAza karyAnuM lakhyuM che. vaLI tene samaya lAgu paDe tevI che. eTale atra karavI ucIta na lAgavAthI moDAmAM meDe I. sa. nI pahelI sadI gaNAya che. choDI devI paDe che. Icchaka janene AgaLa upara tenuM vRttAMta matalaba ke te samaya bAda zakaprajAnuM nAmanizAna rahevA lakhyuM che te vAMcI javA bhalAmaNa che.. pAmyuM nathI. (69) ja. je. e. sa. pu. 21 pR. 284 11

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itihAsakArone [ aSTama khaMDa held her in utter subjection; that (a) zakAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha zaka prajA sAthe these two battles were fought between I. sa. 1 57mAM ane kArUra mukAme thayuM hatuM; te A. D. 524-544; or I feel inclined to vikramAditya pite gardabhIlavazI hato tema ja avaMtifancy that they may be only different pati banyA hatA. names of the same battle. At all (ba) hAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha dRNu prajA sAthe events they almost certainly represent I. sa. 571 AsapAsamAM ane mazerI mukAme thayuM tracts of the same campaign; which hatuM; te pote paramAravaMzI rAjapUta hatA ane freed India in that age from the mAlavapati banyo hato. Yavanas; and that it was to com- vikrama saMvata vize je lakhavAnuM hatuM te ahIM memorate the glories of these struggles pUruM thAya che jyAre te saMvatanI aMdara aTavAI that the Vikramaditya Samvat was jaIne guMca ubhA karatA mAlava afterwards instituted=zaka ane hRNa prajAe jenaItihAsakArone saMvata ane zaka saMvatane lagatI hiMdane lAMbA vakhatathI tadana gulAmI dazAmAM rAkhI naDelI muzkelIo hakIkata, taddana chUTI pADI. mUkyo hato. temAMthI kArUra ane zerInI AvatA paricchede judI ja laDAIthI tene mukti maLI hatI. A laDAIo i. sa ApavAnI che. eTale kharI rIte te atre jaNAvavAnuM 524-544 vacce thaI lAge che. athavA ema kAMI rahetuM nathI ema kahevAya. chatAMye A pariccheda mAnavAne mAruM mana lalacAya che ke te eka ja laDAinA pUro karIe te pahelAM je keTalIka muzkelIo lekhake banne judAM judAM nAma paNa hoya; game tema che, paNa vikrama saMvatane aMge naDI che teno to khyAla ApavAnuM te banne kharekhara eka ja yuddhanA mArgo to batAve jarUrI lAge che ja, te atre jaNAvI daIe. che ja; je yuddhane aMge te kALe yavanothI hiMda matine vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA thaI te pUrve tema ja te pAmyuM; ane A yuddhanA vijayanI yAdasmaraNanI bAda paNa te te kALe pracalita traNe saMpradAyanA eMdhANImAM pAchaLathI vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA lekhake te hatA ja, chatAM muzkelI te mAtra eka ja karavAmAM AvI che." A abhiprAyamAM keTalAka saMpradAyanA lekhakane uddabhavI dekhAya che. kAraNa ke vivAdAtmaka prazno upasthita thAya che kharA, paNa te bIjA be saMpradAyanA lekhakene potapotAnA samaye sAthe ApaNe nisbata nathI. mAtra eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM ItihAsa sAmagrInI guMthaNI karavAmAM huM pAgI thai atra Avazyaka che ke A dUNAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha paDe tevA kALa darzAvatA saMvatsaro hatA ja, eTale mazerI mukAme thayAnuM je gaNI levAya to khoTuM nathI. temane jyAre kAMI paNa varNana karavAno athavA tene A pramANe AkhAye guMcavADAbharyA praznano samaya TAMkavAno muddo ubhuM thatuM, tyAre teo te nIkAla AvI gayo gaNAze. eTale keH tene Azraya laI letA; paNa jaina dharmavALAnI sthiti Ta , (70) A maMzerI je hAlanuM maMdira Thare te keTalAka kAra mukAme ane hArinuM yuddha mAM dasera athavA mazerI vidvAne kArane je maMdasera karAve che te khoTuM gaNAze. mukAme thayuM hatuM. bAkI kArUnI laDAI zakAri vikramAditye laDI kADhI che, te (71) ke. hi. IM. 5. 155:-Initial point of this amarakeSakAranA zabda jotAM ThIka lAge che. (mAre abhiprAya era ought to be B. C. 57 or 56 instead of zuM che te mATe pu. 5 juo. tyAM jaNAvyuM che ke A B. C. 56. (Book of Indian Eras by CunningkArUnuM sthAna mALavA ane dakSiNahiMdanI vacce narmadAnA bam pre. viii)=I. sa. pU. pa0ne badale A saMvatanI dakSiNa pradezamAM kayAMka haze ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa che) Adi i. sa. pU. pa6 athavA 57 gaNu joIe. hAla turata te ApaNe ema ja karAvIzuM ke zArinuM yuddha (kaniMgahAma kRta buka opha InDIyana IrAjhanI prastAvanA pR.8).

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prathama paricheda ] naDelI muzkelIo 83 nyArI hatI. jo ke vikrama saMvatanI Adi thaI te agnikUlIya kSatrIyonI sAthe athaDAmaNamAM AvI pUrve teo mahAvIra saMvatano upayoga haju karatA hatA. paDayA. temAM A rAjapUtane vijaya varavAthI temaNe paraMtu jyAre A saMvata gatimAM Avyo ane te rAjasUtro hAthamAM laI pitAne saMvata sthA. rAjA paNa jenadharmAnuyAyI ja hato tyAre te dharmanA vaLI temane vahIvaTa deDha be sadIo cAlyo lekhakanI muMjhavaNamAM era vRddhi thavA pAmI hatI; ne muralIma dharmanA anuyAyIomAMne Arabe, kemake temaNe potAnA dharmanA praNetAno eTale mahA- gIjanIo, gorIo, I. I. ramAvI caDayA. A vIrano saMvata vAparo ke potAnA rAjAno-eTale pramANe sAta ATha sadInA gALAmAM uttarottara vikramane-saMvata vApare te pasaMda karI levAnuM hatuM. pAMca cha sattAone vahIvaTI hAthe badale thaI javA vaLI vikramanA gardabhIlavaMza sattA upara hatuM tyAM pAmyA. temAMnI dareka sattAne potAne saMvatsara sudhI te te saMvata vAparye jAya to paNa cAlyuM jatuM. calAvavAno meha hato. eTale pariNAma e AvyuM ke paraMtu lagabhaga doDha varSa te cAlyA pachI avaMtimAM rAjadvArI sthitinA palaTAthI jema prajAne amuka caNavaMzI rAjaamala tapavA mAMDayo hato tema avaMti- samaye amuka prakAre herAnagatimAM utaravuM paDatuM hatuM nI uttaranA hiMdI prAMtomAM kuzanavaMzanI sattA che ane avadazA bhegavavI paDatI hatI tema sAhitya kayAranI cAlu hatI ja. vaLI A baMne vaMzanA rAjAoe kSetranI viTaMbaNAomAM paNa teja prakAranI sthiti pitAne saMvata calAvyo hovAnA dAkhalA paNa majAda upasthiti thatI cAlu rahI hatI. AvAM kAraNane lIdhe che. te bAda A rAjavaMzIonI sattAnI eTa thatAM rAjakAraNane kSetre jema vikrama saMvatanI upayoga karAtI gama vize dekhAva dIdho hato ane te vaMzanA nRpatioe dhaNIe sadI sudhI baMdha paDayA hatA, tema sAhitya vaLI pitAne ja saMvata cAlu karIne muzkelInI hAra- kSetre paNa te saMvatano vaparAza baMdha paDI gayA hatA. mALAmAM eka maNake umeryo hato. kALAMtare temanuM eTale je kALe je sthAne je graMtha lakhavAmAM rAjya paNa khatama thatAM, daNa prajA avaMtimAM utarI Avate, temAM te samaye te sthAna upara pravartatA paDI. teo paNa potAnA aDadhI sadInA kArabhAra saMvatane upaga karatA rahyA hatA. eTaluM ja nahi pachI hiMdIomAMthI navasarjana pAmI rAjapUta banelA paNa e saMvatanuM nAma kadAca lakhavAmAM AvatuM te vaLI (2) have samajaze ke vikrama saMvatanI Adi thayA nAmane ati prakhyAtI pAmela sAhitya graMtha che; jene pachI tene vaparAza je keTalIe sadI sudhI baMdha paDI gayAnuM aMgrejImAM anuvAda aneka vidvAnoe karyo che. A jainAcArya vidhAne jaNAvatA rahyA che tenuM kAraNa kayAM chapAI rahyuM che. paNa vAbhI rAye vasatA hatA. eTale temaNe pitAnI (73) A kathananAM be cAra daSTAtA ApIzuM eTale sthiti vidyamAnatA mATe vAparela 585nA AMkane jo ke vidvAnoe barAbara samajAze. vikrama saMvata mAnI lIdhuM che paraMtu temane khare samaya 585 (1) devadrIgaNi nAmanA jaina AcAryanA samaye valabhI. 35=960 vikrama saMvata che. puramAM graMtha Alekhana vipula pramANamAM karAyuM che. tene (3) jainAcArya zilAMkarasUri, dAkSicacihnasUri, jInasamaya lahIAoe 510 lakhe che. vidvAnoe tene vikrama bhadramaNi kSamAzramaNa ItyAdi ghaNuM pUrvAcAryonA samayamAM saMvata mAnI lIdhuM che jyAre kharI rIte, vallabhIrAo je upara pramANe ja mAnyatA patharAyelI che. A AkhAya viSaya guma savata vAparI rahyA hatA te gupta saMvatanI ja pAnI aneka dalIlepUrvaka bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatA jainadharma prakAza sAla temanI hatI. eTale ke 510+37pa=vikrama saMvata 885 nAmanA mAsikamAM nIcenA aMkamAM ApIne meM sAbita ne te samaya kahI zakAya. * karavA prayatna karyo che tenI vigata mATe juo: - (2) upara pramANene bIjo daSTAMta zrIharibhadrasUrina che. saM. 1983 pu. 43 aMka 6 pR. 196 thI 204 temaNe 1444 graMtho racyA kahevAya che jemAM samAditya kathA n = = 43 ba ha ba 229 , 236

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84 itihAsakArone [ aSTama khaMDa ghaNI veLA emane ema tene adhyAhAra rAkhI samajI ke rAjAbhoja I. I. 75 nI upamA ApatA ja. A levAmAM paNa AvatuM. athavA te saMvatano artha prathA hinda upara musalamAnI rAjyakakumatanI asara samajAvatA je 'zaka' zabda che teja mAtra tenA thaI tyAM sudhI vizeSa pramANamAM hatI. ane ApaNe AMkanI pUrve mUkAte. eTale adhyAhAra mAtrathI je jANIe chIe ke uttara hinda karatAM, dakSiNa hinda gucavADe ubho thavAnI bhIti hatI temAM vaLI vizeSa upara musalamAnI rAjya sattA bahu moDethI dAkhala vRddhi thavAnI taka ubhI thaI. kemake " zaka' zabdathI thaI che. eTale tyAMnA hindu rAjAomAM 'vikramAditya uttara hiMdanI prajAnA manamAM te mAtra ' saMvatsarazabda birUdarUpe-upamAnA rUpamAM temaja kharA-vizeSa evo ja arthacha karAte hatA; jyAre dakSiNa hiMdanI nAme paNa bahu moDA samaya sudhI cAlu rahyo che." prajAmAM zaka nAmano eka svataMtra saMvatsara ja cAlu AvA ne AvA kisamanA upara varNavAyelA aneka thayela hato. eTale have samajI zakAze ke uttara prakAranA saMgomAM traNe saMpradAyanA, temAM mukhyapaNe hindamAM ane dakSiNa hindamAM "zaka'no artha tadana jaina sAhityakAro tathA lekhakone-dareke dareka pradezamAM- judI ja rItathI karavAmAM Avato hato. bhAtabhAtanI muzkelIo saMvatsaranA nirdezamAM naDayA temAM vaLI jyAre rAjAnA nAmanI sAthe AMka karI che. matalaba ke, viSaya eTale badhe aTapaTa thaI joDavAmAM Avato tyAre te tethI paNa vizeSa muzkelI paDe che ke, te mATe eka sthApita niyame sarvanI anubhavavI paDatI hatI. kAraNa ke manuSya svabhAvanI bAbatamAM kAma laI zakAya tema nathI. eka khAsiyata che ke koIne pitAnuM jarApaNa DhIluM ATaATalI muzkelIo potAnA mArgamAM paDelI ke lArsa athavA paNa soLa AnA belAya te gamatuM hovA chatAMye temaNe te potAnI buddhi pramANe ja nathI. jethI koi graMthakAra pate, je rAjyanI sAhitya sevA karavAmAM kacAsa prajA heya ke je rAjAne Azrita hoya athavA koI chatAM oLakhI AvavA dIdhI nathI; eTale have paNa prakAre karyuM hoya te bhUpatinuM varNana karatAM, kADhavAnI rIta ApaNI pharaja rahe che ke te hamezAM tenI prazastimAM ceDA ghaNu pramANamAM guMcamAMthI kAMIka mArga kADho. atizayokti gAyA ja kare te svabhAvika che; eTale ukela mATenI sarva sAmAnya cAvI zodhI kADhavI te te graMthakAra pitAnA upakAraka purUSane vikramAditya muzkela che ja, chatAM manuSya yatna karIne rasto sUjhe te , 1984 ,, 43, 9, 317 , 323 temaNe pitAnA dAdAgurU tarIke zilAkarasUrine jaNAvIne tenI , , , 43, 10, 346 ) 349 racanA "zaka 790' mAM jaNAvI che; tene vidvAnoe zaka tevI ja rIte mAlavapati rAjA muMja ane tenA bhatrIjA saMvata 790 lekhI vikrama saMvata 790+135925 jaNAvyo bhAjadevanA rAjagurU zrIdhanezvarasUrie zatru "mahAbhya racIne che. paNa tene zaka saMvatane badale, zaka eTale saMvata, tevA 477 AMka mUke che. jene vikrama saMvata mAnI lIdhe bhAvArthamAM lekhavAne che; tenI carcA paNa uparanA pu. 43nA che; paNa te AMka mAlava saMvatane hAI vi. saM. 1066 aMkamAM karI batAvI che. Azare Ave che. te viSayanI carcA mATe upara pramANe (5) AnAM draSTAMte mATe upara carcAI gayela "vikramAditya saMvata 1984nA jainadharma prakAzamAM pu. 43 phAlgaNa aMka 12 tathA "bhAjadeva' kyAre ne keTalA thayA che tenuM vRttAMta juo 5. 420thI 424 meM lakhela nibaMdha juo. AvA te eTale khAtrI thaze. aneka dAkhalAo ApI zakAya tema che. (1) uttara hiMdamAM bahu te I. sa. nI 8 ke 9 sadI (74) uparanI TI. naM. 73mAM daSTAMta 3 mAM zilAMkarasUri sudhI AvAM nAme vaparAtAM najare paDazejyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM ane dAkSiNyacihnasUrinA nAme jaNAvyAM che. temAMnA caulukyavaMzIomAM te tethI paNa meDe sudhI te birUda dakSiNacacihnasUrie kuvalayamALA nAmane graMtha e che, vaparAtuM dekhAze.

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prathama pariccheda ] naDelI muzkelIo prathama derI kADha; janatA pAse raju kare ane traNa dharmamAMthI mAtra jenadharmo sAhityakArone temAM sudhArA vadhArAnI IcchA dharAvavI te vizva ane rAjAone jema saMvatanA AlekhanamAM muzkelIo niyama kahevAya. te kAnUnane anusarIne jaNAvuM chuM - veThavI paDI che, tema khuda zakAri (a) ekadama pahelAM (1) sthAnane nirdeza vikrama saMvatanI vikrama saMvatsara mATenI A - thayo che ke nahIM te zodhI kADhavuM. teno patto lAgyo viTaMbaNue dine nirNaya karavAmAM paNa temane te tyAM (2) kayA kayA vaMzanA rAjapurUSone amala anizcitatAono sAmano karavo thaI javA pAmyo che tenI zodha karavI (3) ane paDayo che. jethI uparanA pArigrAphamAM jema jema te rAjavaMzano sthApita koI svataMtra saMvatsara prajAnAM daSTAMte raju karavAM paDayAM che, tema A pArigrApha. hatuM ke kema athavA to teo je kaI sArvabhauma paNa temanAM ja udAharaNo pAchAM noMdhavAM paDaze. sattAne tAbe hoya to te sarvoparI sattAvALA- zakAri vikramAditya gardabhIlavaMzI hatuM te to no keAI saMvatsara hato ke kema?A pramANe ApaNe uparanA pRSThamAM sAbita karI gayA chIe. traNe muddA saMpUrNapaNe athavA jeTalA eAchAMvadhatA vaLI gaIbhIlavaMzanA AdipuruSa tarIke kharI rIte jaNAya che te pramANamAM-kAkaDAne ukela AvI zakAri vikramAdityanA pitA rAjA gaMdharvasenane ja gayo samajavo. gaNa joIe. jyAre keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema che ke (ba) saMvatsara AlekhavAnI aneka rItio bhale gaMdharvasenathI te vaMzanI sthApanA thaI kahevAya jovAmAM Ave che. A viSaya bahu ja lAMbo che ane kharI. chatAM teNe rAjagAdIne tyAga karI dIdho che te upara khAsa abhyAsIonA vicAre bahAra paDe tevI ane vacce sAta varasano rAjaamala zaka prajAno agatyatA paNa che. eTale teTalI sUcanA ja karIne AvI gayo che. jyAre zakaprajAe rAjalagAma hAtha AgaLa kalama laMbAvatAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, tevI prathAo dharI tyAre rAjA gaMdharvasenane ke tenA vArasadArone svapna aneka mArA jovAmAM AvI che. temAMnI theDIne paNa khyAla nahoto ke, pote pAchI gAdIe Avaze ulekha mAtra atra karIza. jyAM jyAM banyuM tyAM tyAM ke kema? ane Avaze to kyAre? mATe vAstavika rIte cAra vasta lekhake jaNAvatA rahyA che. sAla, Rtu, mAsa jyArathI zakArie avaMtinI gAdIe birAjamAna ane tithi. temAM koIe pakSa ane divasano vaLI vadhAro thaIne rAjyavahivaTa calAvavA mAMDayo, tyArathI ja te karyo che, te vaLI koIe prathamanI cAramAMthI kaIka vaMzanI sthApanA thaI gaNavI joIe; kemake te samayasaMkhyA ochI paNa karI che. paraMtu ekaMdara cArathI thI ja prajAmAM navA yugano prAraMbha udayamAM Avyo vadhunI vigata jaNAvI nathI; tyAre keTalAke pUrNimAMta kahI zakAya. temaja te pachI ja te vaMzanI sattA ke amAsAMta mAsanI paddhatie mAsanuM darzana karAva- akhaMDita rIte cAlu rahI che. eTale ke A mata vAna cogya dhAryuM che. game te prakAre rajuAta thaI dharAvanAranA maMtavya pramANe ma. sa. 470=I. sa. pU. hoya, te paNa ekaja rIte kAma laI zakAya tema che; pachathI te saMvatanI Adi gaNAya. jyAre prathamanA mata ke jyAM jyAM AvA dAkhalA banyA hoya tyAM tyAM, dharAvanArAo tene samaya ma. sa. 458=. sa. pU. evAja dAkhalA anya sthAne jaNAyA hoya e pitAnA 74thI gaNavA mAMge che. temanI dalIla e che ke, bhale nAnathI zodhI kADhavA ane tyAM je saMvatsara nakkI. saMvata sthAyI karavA mATena mekko. zakArinA rAjya thayo hoya te pAcho ahI ghaTAvI je. udabhavyo che. paNa jema anyakALa-dA. ta. ca9Na A be riyA kAma levAthI moTA bhAge vaMzanA saMvata vakhate, AbhIrapatienA vakhate, gupta sarva saMvatsaranA kono nikAla AvI javA saMvata I. I. nA vakhate, prasaMga banyo hoya anya vakI che. kALe, chatAM saMvatsaranI sthApanA te tene mULa puruSa

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vikrama saMvatanI ' jyArathI gAdIpati banyA hAya, tyArathI ja te saMvatane| prAraMbha thaye| gaNAya che, te pramANe vikrama savatanI Adi paNa gaNavI joIe. A pramANe be mata thayA. te uparAMta vaLI eka e anya mata paNa che. temAMnA ekanuM maMtavya ema che ke, gardabhIla vaMzI rAjAonA amala bhale truTaka thaI gayA che, paNa pAche cAlu thaI gayela heAvAthI, tenI Adi te te vaMzanA mULa puruSanA rAjyAraMbhathI gaNIzuM. vaLI vacce cAreka varSa77 sudhI, je rAjyaamalathI tee alaga paDI gayA che, tene hisAba paNa majare levA joIe; jethI tenA samayamAM, uparanA e matanI vaccenuM jema aMtara 74-57=17 nuM rahe che, tema cAra varSa paDataranA khAda karI 13 varSanuM rAkhavuM te paNa bahetara che. jyAre cAthA mata ema jaNAve che ke, cAra varSane khadale sAta varSanuM zakarAjya 8 che. mATe e vaccenuM aMtara 17 te khale sAta bAda karatAM daza varSI rahe che tethI teTaluM aMtara rAkhavuM joIe. paraMtu A mata vaidika manavALAnA hAI ane temane peAtAne vikrama saMvatanA vaparAza karavAnA na heAvAthI tenI upekSA karAI che. eTale bAkI traNa mata rahyA ane te sarve jaina matAnuyAyInA ja gaNuvA rahe che. have tenAM dRSTAMta ApIzuM eTale tene kSitArtha samajAze. [ aSTama barDa AcArya thaI gayA che. temanA mATe ema kahevAya che ke teoe saiArASTranA vallabhIpura nagarathI pustakA meTI saMkhyAmAM lakhAvIne aneka zaheranA pustaka bhaMDAramAM mAkalAvI dIdhAM hatAM ane te pramANe pustakA athavA temanI sAMpradAyika bhASAmAM kahIe teA zrutajJAna sAcavI rAkhavAnuM mahat puNya upArjana karyuM hatuM. temaneA samaya 510nA noMdhAyA che. paNa A AMkanI pAse te kyA saMvataneA che te darzAvavA koI akSara joDela na hAvAthI ane manuSya svabhAvanI khAsiyata pramANe peAtAnA dharmanI vizeSapaNe prabhAvikatA batAvavA mATe, pAchaLanA kALanA lahuiAoe tene mahAvIra saMvata mAnI lIdhA; jethI tene AMka je kharI rIte 510 gusa saMvatane hatA (kemake vallabhIpuramAM te samaye gupta saMvatsaranuM ja calaNa hatuM) tene vikrama saMvatsaramAM pheravI nAMkhIe te| 510+375=885 lakhavA joie. tene badale vIra saMvata mAnavAthI, je mata vikramanA saMvatanI AdithI--vikramanA rAjyAbhiSekathI--gaNe che temaNe 470+510=980nA AMka mUkaye; paNa jee rAjA gaMdharvasenanA samayathI tenI Adi gaNuvAnA matavALA che temaNe 17 varSe umerIne 980+17=997 mUkayA; ane trIjA matavALAe (13nuM aMtara gaNavAvALAe 993 mUkayA). eTale ke devaDhDhIgaNi kSamAzramaNunA pustakoddhAranA samaya mATe vikrama saMvata 989, 993 ane 997 ema traNa AMka mUkAyA. A uparathI sAdhu-samajAze ke traNe pakSo vikrama saMvatanI apekSAe sAcA che, chatAMye tapeAtAnA dRSTibiMduthI kAma lIdhuM hAvAthI ekabIjAthI bhinna dekhAya che; jevI rIte vaidika matAnuyAyI purANakAree potAnA dRSTibiMduthI aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa karyuM che ane je aneka rIte bhinna paDI jatuM hAvA chatAM vAstavamAM tA te sarve kharUM ja hAvAnuM ApaNe aneka vakhata P jaina saMpradAyamAM e meATA vibhAga che: ekanuM nAma zvetAMbara ane bIjAnuM nAma digaMbara. prathama zvetAMbara mAnyatAnI tapAsa laie. temanA emAM jema atyAre vidvatAnA pramANamAM vAcaka, gaNui, upAdhyAya, mahApAdhyAya ane sUri-AcArya tyAdI birUda-padavIe che tema, eka samaye taduparAMta. mahattara, kSamAzramaNa Adi padavIo paNa hatI. ApaNe je samayanI ahIM vAta karavA mAgIe chIe te samaye devaiNu kSamAzramaNa nAmanA eka mahAn (77) A matamAM piSTikAra kalikALa sajJa hemacaMdrAthA` lAge che; kemake temaNe zakaprajAnuM rAjya cAra varSanuM gaNAvyuM che (jIe pu. 1. pR. 202 neTa na. 37 jemAM avatipatinI nAmAvalInI traNa kaDIe ApI che). A (78) A mata vAyupurANakAranA che. (jue uparamAM pR. 2 TI. na. 6) (79) A mATe uparanI TI. na', 73 peTA na', 1 jue. (80) uparamAM jIe

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- - - - prathama paricheda 1. viTaMbaNAo adyApiyata jaNAvI gayA chIe. AnAM daSTAMta bannemAM 980, 993 ane 998nA AMka maLatA Ave vipulapaNAmAM te zRMgavaMzanI hakIkata ja najare paDe che. baMne prasaMge zratajJAna saMbaMdhe ja che ane bane prAcIna che; kemake te vaMza vaidika dharmane anuyAyI hatA; jethI samayanA che tathA ati prabhAvavaMtA ane mahatvapUrNa temanAM zAstragraMthomAM-purANamAM-te rItIthI kAma levAyuM prasaMgo che; eTale keTalAka vidvAnoe te bannene che. A pramANe eka dRSTAMta thayo. vadhAre spaSTIkaraNa ekaja prasaMga tarIke mAnI lIdhA che. jyAre vAstavika mATe vaLI eka dRSTAMta ApIe. paNe je te prathama samaya 510 gu. saM =vi. saM. jema upara darzAvela banAva, pustaka-zruta jJAnanA 88pa che tyAre bIjAne samaya5 vi. saM. 989ne uddhArano che tema atre TAMkavA dhArela bIjo prasaMga che; eTale ke banne prasaMge vacce 95 varSanuM aMtara paNa zratajJAnanA vAcana paratvene che. ane te paNa che. A pramANe vikrama saMvatsaranA AMko para saurASTranI bhUmi upara ja banavA pAmyo che. temanAmAM matamatAMtara dharAvatA anya prasaMgo aneka noMdhI kalpasUtra nAmano ati pavitra manAte eka graMtha che. zakAya, paNa Alekhana vistAranA bhayathI atra vikrama saMvata 980nI sAla sudhI tenuM vAcana, mAtra aTakI jaIzuM. sAdhu varga ja karI zakatA hatA. paNa te sAlamAM have digaMbara saMpradAyane ekAda daSTAMta ApIe. saurASTranA ANaMdapura-vaheMmAnapuranA rAjA dhruvasenane te paNa uparanA kapasUtranA vAcananI hakIkata aMgeno ja putra maraNa pAmyo hato ane te svadharmInuyAyI hovAthI che. ane tene marma paNa uparanA nivedana pramANe samatenA zekanivAraNa sAruM te samayanA jainAcArya uparanA javo rahe che. paNa te saMbaMdhI je khulAse teo kare kalpasUtranuM vAcana sabhAsapakSa 13 karyuM hatuM. A banAva che te judA prakAranA hoI che ja te atre jaNAvIza. vikrama saMvata 980mAM banyo che ja; paNa eka mate temanAmAM maLe cAra saMdha hovAnuM manAyuM che temAMnA ekanuM 980 kahevAya tyAre bIjA mate tene 993 ane 998 nAma sarasvatI saMdha che. te saMdhanA AcAryonI eka paNa kahevAya ja, ane A traNe AMka upara TakelA paTTAvaLI che tene sarasvatI saMdhanI paTTAvaLI kahevAya che. te devaDhIgaNikSamAzramaNanA dRSTAMtanI peThe satya ja che. saMbaMdhI vivecana karatAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke vikrama paraMtu A banne banAva vaccenuM-zruta jJAnanA pracAranuM rAjA 18 varSano thayo, tyAre temane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo ane kalpasUtra sabhA samakSa vaMcAyAnuM-eka kAkAlIya hata87. eTale teno saMvata tenA janma divasathI je sAdazapaNuM ubhuM thayeluM batAvavAnI jarUra dekhAya che: gaNavAmAM Ave te A aDhAra varSane phera nIkaLI jAya. (81) AnAM daSTa vipulapaNAmAM te zuMgava zanI kahevAya ? te samaye saurASTra upara ke gujarAta upara kenI hakIkate ja najare paDe che; kemake te vaMza vaidika dharmane ANa cAla hatI ? te sarva hakIkta zilAlekhanA AdhArathI meM anuyAyI hate; jethI temanA zAstragraMtha-purANamAM te puravAra karI batAvI che te mATe juo jaina dharmaprakAza rItathI kAma levAyuM che. nAmanA mAsikamAM pu. 45 aMka 5 pR. 161-174 sudhI (82) A 980nA AMkane keTalAko vIra saMvatane mAne mAre lekha che. tenA khulAsA mATe nIcenI TI. naM. 83-84 juo. (85) uparanI TI. naM. 82 juo. (83) juo vinayavijayajIta kalpasUtranI sukhadhikA- (86) juo muni kalyANavijayajIe lakhelI jaiina vRttinuM bhASAMtara pR. 7 kadAca temAM 900 (vikrama saMvata) lakhe kALa gaNanA', mudrita 1976, pR. 156 (A Akhe nibaMdha hAya paNa lahiAoe vI. 900 (vIrAta eTale vIrane kAzInI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA pu. 10 bhAga sa vata) lakhI vAnyo hoya. 4mAM prasiddha thaI gayo che). (84) A AkhAye banAva kyAre banyo hato? A dhruvasena (87) tene rAjyAbhiSeka 18 varSe nahi paNa 24-25 rAjA kANa? tenuM nagara ANaMdapura-vardhamAnapura kayAM AvyuM varSanI umare thayo che (juo uparamAM pR. 28 ).

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vikrama saMvata vize [ aSTama khaMDa paraMtu vAstavika rIte A 17 ke 18 varSane phera ApaNe te viSaya choDIne AgaLa vadhavAnuM ja rahe che. kema thavA pAmyo che teno khulAso uparamAM kyArano chatAM uparamAM uDato IzAro karI javAya che ke apAI gayo che. te uparathI vAcakagaNa samajI zakaze vikrama saMvatsaranI sAthe bIjA be saMvatsare-mAlava ke teo je khulAse rajU kare che te vAstavika che ke ane zaka saMvatsara aTavAI gaela che jethI te kema? A pramANe vima saMvatsaranI samayagaNana sarvanI sthiti spaSTa karavAne A be saMvatsaranI viSe udabhavatI muzkelIonI vicAraNuM samApta thAya ApaNI vicAraNA paNa karI levAnI AvazyakatA che; temaja A pustakanI maryAdAmAM AvatA cAra rahe che. te mATe Avate Akho pariccheda ja saMvatsaronI hakIkata paNa saMpUrNa thaI jAya che, eTale phAjala pADIzuM.

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' jema ** # # * dvitIya pariccheda samaya-kALa gaNanA (cAlu) TUMka sAra-mAlava saMvatanI utpatti tathA vikrama saMvata ane mAlava saMvatanI sAbita karI ApelI bhinnatA, ane tethI temanuM siddha thayeluM bhinnatva--vikrama saMvata eka vAra cAlu thayA pachI je baMdha paDI gayo hate tenAM kAraNanI lIdhela tapAsa-mAlava saMvatane vikAsa ane aMte vikrama saMvatamAM thatuM tenuM lInapaNuM-chUNaprajAvize kAMIka navIna mAhitI- zaka saMvata-zaka zabdanA batAvela cha artho, tathA te uparathI ubhI thatI muzkelIne Apelo khyAla-zaka saMvatanA sthApaka vizenI karelI carcA-uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdamAMnA zaka saMvatanI sthApanA tathA tenA sthApaka bAbatane, zilAlekha, sikkA tema ja sAhityAdhAre karela nirNaya ane tethI tarI AvatI te bannenI bhinnatA-zaka saMvatanI anya viziSTatAo sarve saMvatsaronA vividha aMgonI keDArUpe karelI nedha-vidhavidha saMvatsarenI uttamatA vizenI karelI carcA-dha rakhAtA traNa saMtonI sekasa gaNanA karavA mATe sUcavela samaya, tathA te sarvenI aMdara aMdara pherabadalI karavAnI batAvelI cAvI-vikrama ane IsunA saMvata vizene eka bhrama ane tenuM kareluM nivAraNa 12

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90 [ aSTama khaMDa (a) mAlava saMvata A paricchedamAM varNavavAnA sa'vatsarAne ApaNA pustaka mATe nirmita karAyalI samayamaryAdA sAthe khIlakula saMbaMdha nathI, chatAM kevA AzayathI te hAca dharavA Avazyaka lAgyuM che te meM upara jaNAvI dIdhuM che, eTale atra te vize kAMI khelavAnuM rahetuM nathI. mArUM ema dhAravuM thAya che ke, ItihAsakAre e vikramasaMvatsaranA samayaneA nirNaya karavAmAM samayA nusAra pramANika prayatnA karIne tathA aneka tattvAnuM zeAdhana karIne je abhiprAyA pragaTa I. sa. 131va. sa. 198nI AsapAsamAM kUNa prajAneA saMhAra karI, hindI prajAne temanA trAsamAMthI mukta karI, te banAvanI yAdagIrImAM vikrama saMvatsarane maLatA evA mAlavasaMvatanI sthApanA karI hatI te ayukata gaNAze nahi, kemake jema naM. 1 te vikramAditya avaMtipati hatA tema naM. 5 vALA paNa mAlavapati ja hutA, ane prAcIna samayanA avaMti deza teja arvAcIna mAlavAne prAMta che, eTale vAstavamAM te te banne eka ja pradezanA adhikArI hatA ema thayuM. paNa prathamavALA peAtAne ' kSatriya ' ja kahevarAve che. jyAre khIjo peAtAne ' paramAravaMzI rAjapUta' kahevarAve che. prathamavALAne hindu zAstrakAre e Utpatti karyAM che temAM paNa kAMIka satya tA hAvuM ja joie. te kAMi pAtAnA kALa kheATI bAbatamAM lamaNApheDa'avaMtipati'ja kahyo che jyAre khIjAte 'mAlavapati'2 te karIne vyatIta kare tevA nahAtA ja. eTale ke gata paricchedamAM TAMkelI dalIlonI vicAraNAmAM A muMjhavatA praznamAM sarve vidvAneAe naM. 1 ane naM. 5 vALA vikramAdityane sabaMdha hAvAnuM mAnyuM che. bAbata ApaNe kAMika vizeSa uDANamAM utarIne jovA jarUra che. tyAM ApaNe jaNAvyuM che ke naM. 1 vALA zakAra vikramAditya che ane naM. 5 vALA dRNuAri vikramAditya che. haeNve A dRAra vikramAdityanA sabaMdhamAM ApaNe ema nirNaya karIe ke, teNe ja mAlava saMvatanAM (1) bhA. prA. rAja. pu. 2. pR. 386 ane AgaLa. mi. smitha tathA bhAMDArakaranA mata pramANe mAlava saMvata badalIne vikrama saMvata calAvanAra guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta hatA, jeNe vikramAditya nAma dhAraNa karyuM che. eTale te ema matalaba thaI ke mAlava sa Mvata prathamathI cAlye! AvatA hatA paNa caMdragupte tenu nAma vikrama saMvata pADayuM hatuM. A eka khATI kalpanAja che; kemake prathama te mAlava sa MvatanI sthApanA ja caMdraguptanA samayabAda keTalAye kALe thai che. vaLI guptavaMzI rAjAoe te| gupta nAmanA sadaMvatsara calAvyo che te anya savatsaranA AdhAra zA mATe hyuM? (2) ema paNa kadAca khanyuM heAya ke, jema kSatriya zabdamAMthI rAjapUta zabdanI utpatti thai, tema A samayathI ja, mAravADa, mevADa ane mALavA zabdanI vaparAzanA prAraMbha thayA Aya; eTale ke A badhA zabdo eka khIntane AzrayIne atyArathI ja kahyo che. vaLI ApaNe itihAsa uparathI jANIe chIe ke rAjapUtAnA je cAra mATA vibhAgA - athavA zAkhAo che ( paramAra, cauDhANu, cAlukaya athavA solaMkI ane pratihAra athavA paridvAra ) tene samaya paNa AnI lagabhaganeAja che. eTale tAtlR ema nIkaLe che ke, A samayanI pUrve kSatriyA sarve peAtAne eka ja nAmathI oLakhAvatA hatA. paNa dUSNu prajAnI sAthenA A yuddha pachI temanI zAkhAo utpanna thaI che. ane judI judI vaparAvA mAMDayA heAya. (vaLI nIcenI TIkA ntue). (3) A cAra zAkhA mATe kAMIka vizeSa jANavA sArU pu.3. pR.6pa1 tathA A pustakamAM khaDa navamAMnA a Mte jue. (4) caulukaya ane selaMkI khanne eka ja nathI lAgatA; kAraNake caulukayA hamezAM zaka saMvatane upayoga kare che jyAre sAlakIe te nathI vAparatA. vaLI te kheMnA akSaralekhana ke nAmeAccAra sAthe paNa saumya dekhAtuM nathI. kadAca sAlakI rAjapUtA te caulukyanI ekAda peTA zAkhA jevI hoya teA sa Mbhave kharUM, nahIM te khIjI aneka rIte bhinnatA tarI Ave che. (jIe pu. 3 pR. 391nI hakIkata tathA TIppA ). (5) pu. 3 pR. 390thI AgaLa. te ThekANe me' I. sa. 573nA samaya jaNAvyo che. paNa tapAsa karatAM te 531ne vadhAre saraMbhavita gaNAya tema che.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] zAkhAvALA judA judA pradezamAM vikharAyA-phaMTAyA che. temaja dareke potapAtAnuM rAjya sthApyuM che. jethI te samayathI "kSatriya" zabdane paDatA mUkI "rAjapUta" (rAjakartAnA putrA) evuM. saOmAnya nAma kabUla karI temaNe vyavahAra calAvavA mAMDayA che ema kahI zakAze. A rAjapUtAnI eka mukhya zAkhA, je paramAravaMzI kahevAtI hatI temaNe mALavAmAM rAjya karavA mAMDayuM hAvAthI teone mAlavapati ' tenA vikAsa tarIke prajAe eLakhAvA mAMDayA ane kSati hatA tathA pUrvakALe zakaprajAnA trAsa mAMthI avaMtinI vasatIne mukti apAvanAranuM nAma je vikramAditya hatuM. te uparathI tene jema 'zakAri vikramAditya'nuM birUda arpaNa karyuM hatuM, tema A samaye krUSNu prajAnA upadravamAMthI mUkti apAvanAra A paramAravaMzI yazeAdharmanane 'dvAri vikramAditya 'nuM birUda temaNe lagADavA mADayuM-are kaho ke joDI dIdhuM. vaLI zakAri vikramAdityanA nAma uparathI jema vikrama saivatsaranI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI tema A mAlavapatinA nAma uparathI mAlavasaMvatanI yeAjanA ghaDI kADhavAmAM AvI. matalaba ke lagabhaga se| varasa utpatti, vikAsa, IH (6) uparanI TIkA na. 2 jue. (7) A badhI hakIkatanA vana mATe ga bIlavazanuM varNana jue. (8) A uparathI samantaya che ke, caulukaya rAjapUtane je agnikUtiya rAjapUtAnI cAra zAkhAmAMnA eka tarIke gaNArthe javAya che te kharAbara nahIM heAca (jue pu. 3, pR. 390 ane AgaLa) vaLI jIe nIcenI TI. naM. 9. (9) A zabdathI siddha thAya che ke tyAM zaka savatsara kacArane vaparArAmAM hateA ja; ane kadAca ema paNa mAnI zakAya ke caulukaya rAjapUtA paNa tyAM kayAranA sthAyI thaI cUkyA hoya. 1 pUrve jema dhaDamULathI uthala pAthala karanArA yuga pravartI rahyo hateA tema atyAre paNa tenuMja punarAvartana thaI rahyuM hatuM. hiMduprajAmAM kahe| ke, bhAratavarSamAM kaheA, pazu ujjainI nagarInI-avaMti dezanI rAjadhAnInI-pavitratA temaja mahattvatAnuM sthAna kAMika anerUM ja gaNAya che. eTale A sarve rAjapUtAe mAlavasaMvatanA pracAra karavAnuM jhIlI rAkhyuM hatuM. A rAjapUtAnI cAra zAkhAmAMnI traNa zAkhA uttara hiMdamAM rahI temaNe mAlavasaMvatane satkArye rAkhyA hatA;jyAre dakSiNa bhAratamAM ceAthI zAkhA je cAlukaya gai teNe te pradezamAM vaparAtA ' zakasaMvata ' te grahaNa karye rAkhyA hatA. zakAri vikramAdityanA vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA joke atimAMja thaI che ane amuka vakhata sudhI eTale ke i. sa. 150 sudhI10=se| varSa sudhI lagabhaga cAlyA paNa che; paraMtu te bAda caRNuvaMzI 11 kSatrapa avaMtiti thatAM,temaNe peAtAneAja zaka, gatimAM mUkayeA hatA jene ApaNe ' RNusaMvata '12 tarIke eLakhAvIzuM. temanA vaMzanI samApti thatAM,17 i. sa. 319mAM atipati tarIke guptavaMza rAjapade AvyA sthApanA zI rIte thaI che te hakIkata mATe A pariccheda AgaLa upara juo). (11) sAmAnya rIte sa` vidvAne caNuvaMzI zakanA Adi i. sa. 78mAM gaNe che. jayAre mArI gaNatrI tenAthI jUdIja paDI che; jethI meM ahIM I. sa. 150 aMdAje mUkI che. jenI nizcita sAla mATe pu. 4mAM caNava`zanI hakIkata juo. (12) A nAma meM mArA taraphathI ApyuM che. kAraNa ke teneA samaya, zakasavatathI bhinna che. (jue uparanI TIkA na. 10 ane 11) eTale tenAthI te jUdo paDe tathA A. LakhI zakAya te mATe tenA sthApaka uparathI A nAma ApavuM durasta vicAryuM che. (13) ava MtinA itihAsane saMkalita karanArA judA jIdA rAjavIonI sakSipta samAlecanA A kha'DanA aMtamAM ApavAnI che tyAM A prakaraNa kAMIka vistAratI samarzvav (10) ja. mAM. bra. ra. e. sA. pu. 14, pR. 22 tathA gaNapata kRSNAjIe raceluM zaka 1800 nuM paMcAMga pR. 2 jIe: temaNe 135 varSAM jaNAvyA che. evI gaNatrIthI ke A cakSaNa kSetrapAe ja te zakasaMvata pravartAvela che ane temanI Adi I. sa. 78mAM thai che. (paNa rAvatanIvAmAM Avaze,

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mAlava saMvatanAM [ aSTama khaMDa hatA. temaNe vaLI pitAne ja zaka athavA saMvata calAvyo che. pariNAme vidra varganI muMjhavaNane viSaya banI hatA, jene ItihAsavidoe "guptasaMvata'nA nAmathI rahyo che. oLakhAvyo che.kALe karIne te vaMzane rAja amala khatama eka bAju, upara jaNAvyA pramANe vidvAnonI thatAM temaja te pUrve thoDAMka varSe, eTale ke I.sa.nI pAMcamI muzkelI ubhI thaI che-jo ke tenA mULa sthApakane te sadInA aMtamAM tathA chaThThI sadInA prathamanA cAramAMnA bhaviSyamAM ubhI thanArI muzkelIne khyAla paNa zeneja prathama caraNanA samaye, avaMtinA tathA AsapAsanA hoya ? paraMtu bIjI bAju temanA zAsana taLe rahelI pradeza upara hUNa prajAnI sattA jAmavA pAmI hatI. janatAne ema lAgyuM hoya ke old is goldje paraMtu teo barAbara sthira thaIne dIrdhAyu bhogavavA jUnuM che te sonA samAna che; vaLI uttara hiMdamAMnI sAmarthyavAna thAya te pahelAM te, uparamAM jaNAvyA rAjapUtanI traNe zAkhAnA rAjavIone paNa kadAca pramANe agniliya kSatriya-rAjapUtee tene saMhAra manamAM ema ugyuM hoya ke, zAmATe ekalA mAlavavALI nAMkhyo hato. ane paramAra jAtiya yazadharmana14 patino ja saMvata cAle ane amAre nahI? jema dUNa rAjAe avaMtipati tarIke rAjalagAma grahaNa karI hatI. prajAne harAvavAmAM mAlavapatinA pUrvajoe bhAga uparAMta tenA pUrvaje paradezI prajAnI dhuMsarImAMthI lIdho hato tema amArA vaDavAoe paNa temAM banatI dezane choDAvIne potAno nAmano saMvatsara je calAvyo sahAya ApIne potAno hisso pUrAvyA hazejate pachI hatA, paraMtu jene prAraMbha thayA bAda uparamAM nirdeza karyA amAre paNa amAro saMvata calAvavo joIe ja. A pramANe bhinnabhinna jAtinA rAjakartAoe, potapotAnA pramANe kheMcAkheMca thatI aTakAvavA tathA temanA bhAgalA saMvatsaro calAvela hovAthI je atyAre tadana luptaprAya paDI jaI teo sarve durbaLa ke nabaLA paDI na jAye15 banI gayo hato, tene sajIvana karavA IcchA thaI te hetuthI, traNe zAkhAnA rAjavIo ekaThA thayA hoya hatI. paraMtu A samayathI kSatriyomAM vargIkaraNa karavAnI te banavA lAgyA che (ane ema anumAna paNa karI je paddhati ubhI thavA pAmI hatI ane pitAne kSatriya zakAya che ke A pramANe banavuM kAMI anucita nahotuMja) ne badale rAjapUtra tarIke oLakhAvavA maMDayA hatA ane te sarve muzkelIne ema nIkAla A dekhAya tene anulakSIne temane svamAna jALavavAnI skUraNuM che ke, mAlava saMvatanuM nAma paDatuM mUkavuM ane mULa paNa sAthe sAthe thaI AvI hatI ema samajAya che. avaMtipatine je vikrama saMvata cAlyo Avato hate. jenA pariNAme temaNe, temanAmAMnI mukhya zAkhAnA tene punaroddhAra karo. AvuM mahat kArya keNa karI rAjapradeza-mAlavA prAMta-uparathI, mAlavarsavata nAme zake? uttara eTaleja maLI zake che, je rAjavI DAhyo, eka judo ane svataMtraja zaka pravartAvyo lAge che. vidyApremI, prajApriya, raNavIra temaja dharmavIra ane A pramANe ekaja pradezamAMthI, temaja lagabhaga ekaja vyavahArane oLakhanAra hoya teja. eka kALe traNe bhAzayanA saMsmaraNa tarIke ane ekaja nAma tathA zAkhAnI gAdI upara AvA guNe dharAvatA rAjavIe, guNa dharAvatA rAjavIe, pita pitAnA saMvata ubhA rAjyAsane Ave te suga to zI rIte ja bane? karyA dekhAya che. ane tethI karIne ja eka saMvatanA A sumeLa saMdhAve ke te prasaMga sAMpaDavAnI samaya sAthe, bIjAnA saMvatanuM mizraNa thaI gayela dekhAya sAphalyatA thAya te sthiti ApaNa manuSyanI kalpanAmAM te (14) jene dharmaja yaza prAptine che, te rAjI: A (15) A sthiti mAlavasaMvatanI sthApanA thayA bAda nAma guNaniSpanna hoya ema jaNAya che. A rAjAnA samaya base aDhI varSe musalamAnonA humalAo thavA mAMDayA mATe tathA tenA vaMzanA rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI mATe pu. 1, hatA te vakhate ubhI thavA pAmI haze ema saMbhavita 5, 187 jue. dekhAya che(sarakhA nIcenI TIka naM. 17) .

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dvitIya paricheda ] utpatti vikAsa ItyAdi 93 durdhaTa ane viSamaja lAge che. chatAM kudarata icche che bhojadeva pratihArI gvAliyara pati8 hato. A banne te ghaDIvAramAM tevuM banAvI zake che ema ApaNuM bheja devo eka sarakhA vidyApremI, dAnezvarI tathA sarva sarvane vyavahAramAM ghaNI vakhata anubhava maLyo paNa sadaguNI hatA; vaLI temaNe dezaparadezanA vidvAnone che. tevAja aNadhAryA be suyoga A rAjapUta kuLa- pitAnA rAjadarabAre belAvI, sanmAnyA che tathA dIpakanA bAbamAM banyA hatA ema samajAya che. ekane keTalAkane te hamezane mATe Azraya ApI ItihAsamAM samaya 17 i.sa.750 tathA bIjAno i.sa.875nI Asa- savarNAkSare potAnAM nAmo aMkita karyo dekhAya che. te pAsa nodhI zakAze. prathamano sAga prApta thayo tyAre samaye cauhANazI kaye rAjaputra-kuLadIpaka ajameranA rAjavIo parAkramI ane sadaguNIja hatA. paNa temanA gAdIpati hatA ? te huM jANatA nathI. paNa ka9pI zakAya jIvana caritra vize tadana aMdhakAraja prasarela hevAthI che ke te paNa zANAja rAjavI haze ane kadAca temanA vize eka zabda uccAravA jeTaluM paNa adhikAra uparanA be jevo te vidyApremI na hoya ke jamAnAnI ApaNane rahetA nathI. paNa dvitIya prasaMge avaMtinI pragatino Icchaka kAMIka oche aMze hoya, topaNa gAdIe bhAjadeva paramAra urphe zilAditya urphe pratApazIla pitAnA be meTA pitrAIo je bAbatamAM sahamata hatA; ane lagabhaga teja samaye tevo ja nAmadhArI thaI gayA, tyAM pitAne virodha ke vAMdhe nirarthaka (16) A kathananI khAtrI (pu. 1, pR. 187nA TIpa- I. e. nA teja 19 mAM pustakamAM pR. 35 upara ema NamAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI ane temane samasamayI banAvIne paNa nedha dekhAya che ke kAThiyAvADanA eka lekhamAM vi. saM. je rIte chapAvavAmAM AvI che te uparathI samajAze, ke je samaye 794=I. sa. 738nI sAla dekhAya che. ( uparamAM pR. 78 paramAravaMzI (5) me devazakti atipati hato te ja samaye, TI. naM. 55 jue). parIhAravaMzI yazovarmana gvAliyarapati hatA. temaja je (18) A pratihAravaMzI bhajadeva kharI rIte gyAsamaye (9) mo paramAravaMzI bhAjadeva hato te ja samaye licarapatija hato paraMtu vidvAne tene kAjapati tarIke gvAliyarapati paNa te ja nAmadhArI eka bheja deva hatA. oLakhAvya gayA che. kharI ghaTanA nIce pramANe banelI che. A avaMtipatinI ane gvAliyarapatinI be mukhya parihAravaMzI samrATa harSavardhana, je itihAsa prasiddha zAkhA gaNAya che. ane temAMthIja uparanA bane samaye che temanI gAdI kanejamAM hatI; tene eka moTe bhAI tathA zANuM rAjavIe rAjapade hatA. eka bahena hatI. A banne bhAIo aputriyA maraNa uparanA banne samaya bAdaja mAlavasaMvatane badale vikra. pAmavAthI temanI gAdI temanI bahenane gaI hatI. A masaMvatanI vaparAza pAchI sthApita thavA pAmI che, tenAM bahenane vAliyaranA pratihAravaMzI gRhavana vere paraNAvelI dRSTAMte AgaLa upara jue. na hatI. eTale A gRhavAmanane vaMzaje maukharI rAjapUta (17) A samaya bAdaja zilAlekhamAM vikrama saMvata kahevAtuM hatuM tenI sattAmAM kanejanuM rAjya AvyuM hatuM. vaparAye hovAnuM vidhAnanI jANamAM AvyuM che. ArkIo- ahIM je pratihArI bheja devanuM nAma meM jaNAvyuM che te lejIkala rIperTa. pu. 2. pR.68mAM jaNAvyA pramANe vikrama uparanA gRharmanane cethI-pAMcamI peDhIe vaMzaja che. saMvatsarane ullekha vahelAmAM vahelo i. sa. 754nA (juo pu. 1, pR. 187nI vaMzAvaLa: paNa pratihAra ane (vi. saM. 811) eka zilAlekhamAM thaye dekhAya che. jayAre parihAra vaMza e bane nAmo eka sarakhAM, tema bane rAjanAM teja graMthanA pR. 266-68mAM jaNAgyA pramANe tevI sthiti nAme bhejadeva paNa eka sarakhAM, uparAMta te bannene samaya vi. saM. 826=I. sa. 769mAM thavA pAmI hovAnuM jaNA- paNa ekaja, eTale vidhAne e anya hakIktanI gerahAjarImAM vAyuM che; jyAre bhA. prA. rAjavaMza pu. 2, pR. 386 ane bannene ekaja mAnI lIdhA che. InDiana enTIkarI pu. 19, pR. 35 (juo dhaulapura (19) A kAraNane lIdhe paNa vidvAnoe bhUlo khAdhI che mahAsenA cahuANunA samayane lekha)mAM lIdhela nedha pramANe ane vAliyarapatinAM keTalAMka kAryo paramAravaMzI avaMtipatinAM te samaya vi. saM. 899=I. sa. 840 ne che tyAre ane paramAranAM kAryo pratihArI tarIkenAM gaNAvI kADhayAM che,

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zeka zabdanA [ aSTama khaDa javAnai; mATe rAjI khuzIthI saMmata thaI javuM te lAbhaprada "saMvata" likhA jAtA hogA; aura jabase zakasaMvata, gaNAze ema vicArI te paNa saMmata thaI gayo hoya. gupta saMvata, Adi aneka savatono apane vizeSa A pramANe traNe jaNAe ekaThA maLI vikramasaMvata 20 nAma ke sAtha le liyA hogA, taba se isa mAlava cAlu karI dIdho hovo joIe. Ama zarUAta thayA saMvatanebhI mAlavA ke prasiddha rAjA vikramAdityaka nAma pachI paNa thoDA samaya sudhI te jUno saMvata-mAlava Apane sAtha le liyA hegA"24 eTale ke A saMvata-bhUlacUkathI vaparAI gaye kadAca dekhAto haze lekhaka mahAzaya evI mAnyatA dharAvatA jaNAya che ke (evuM te A vartamAna kALe paNa kayAM nathI banatuM vikrama saMvata te ghaNuM prAcIna kALathI cAlyo Avato dekhAtuM ? jemake, sTAnDarDaTAima jyAre prathama prathama zarU have joIe paNa tenI sAthe kevaLa 'saMvata' zabdaja thayo tyAre te jAne ane navo TAima, ema TALe lakhAto hovAthI, jyArathI anya saMvata vaparAtA caDI jatA hatA, je ApaNane jANItI vAta che.) thayA ane te sarvene oLakhAvanArAM vizeSaNa, jevAM paNa pachI thoDo kALa gaye, navA saMvatanI va5rAza ke kSaNATa, zaka, gupta, Adi lagADavAmAM AvyAM thatAM ane tema karavAnI ghATI besI jatAM, mULano tyArathI ja, mULathI vaparAtA vikrama saMvatane paNa "mAlava je vikramasaMvatsara hato tenI ja vaparAza sarvathA zabda joDavAmAM Avyo saMbhave che; kAraNa ke A cAlu thaI gaI che; je prathA adyApi paryata paNa saMvatane sthApaka vikramAditya te "mAlavapati ja hato. cAlu ja AvI che. A pramANe temane dalIla karavAnuM kAraNa e ja che ke | vikrama saMvatasaranI ane mAlava saMvatsaranI utpatti, temaNe vikrama saMvata ane mAlava saMvatane ekaja gaNyA khIlavaTa, temaja vacce amuka samaya paryata ekane che. jayAre vAstavamAM te te banne judAja che ane abhAva ane bIjAnI vizeSatA, ema je banatuM 1 judAja saMmaye tathA judIja vyaktioe te pravartAvyA khAyuM che te sarvano ukela mArI samajamAM to upara che. te saghaLe vRttAMtta have ApaNe samajatA thaI gayA pramANe Avyo che ane te pramANe meM raju karyo che. chIe eTale te banne saMvatasaranA pravartake ekaja A viSaya paratve vidvAno pitAnA vicAro jAhera vyakti hovAnuM maMtavya ApaNane asvIkArya thaI paDe karaze evI vinaMti che. che. vaLI bIjI rIte paNa temanI mAnyatA khoTI TharAvI [ tA. ka. vikrama saMvatane vaparAza amuka varSa sudhI zakAya tema che. temanuM dhAravuM ema thayuM che ke, anya cAlIne je baMdha thayo che ane navamI dazamI sadImAM saMvatsarene jema vizeSaNo lagADavAmAM AvyAM che tema tenuM je punardarzana thayuM che te viSe keTalAka vidvAne A vikrama saMvatane paNa tene sthApaka mAlavA dezane ema paNa dhAre che ke, mAlava saMvata ane vikrama saMvata prajApati hovAthI "mAla" nAmanuM vizeSaNa joDavAmAM ekaja che22 ane tethI evI kalpanA goThavI kADhI AvyuM che. te pachI prazna e udabhave che ke, jema che ke " pUrve hI yaha (mAlava) saMvatabhI pahele, vikramake teo mAlavapati-eTale avaMtipati thayA che tema te nAmase pahacAnA jAtA hegA, para likhaneme kevala kSaharATa, ane gupta prajAo I. paNa avaMtipati banyA (20) AnAM dAta mATe uparanI TI. naM. 17 tathA "sadI pUrI thaI tyAM sudhI vikrama saMvatane upayoga karavAnuM pR. 78 TI. naM. 55 juo. pasaMdagI pAmyuM nahotuM. (purAvAmAM uparanI TI. na. 17 (21) ja. ba. bra. je. e. . pu. 9, pR. 14pa. juo. tathA pU. 62 manI TI. naM. 9 sAthe sarakhAva) The Vikrama samvat does not, strange to (22) jue che. e. pu. 19, pR. 316. say, appear to have been adopted till after | (23) nA, pra. sabhA patrikA pu. 10, bhAga 4, 5, ' the loth centurykahetAM Azcarya thAya che ke, dasamI 736 TI. naM108

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dvitIya pariccheda ] che; tyAre eka avaMtipatie 'guptasaMvata' khIjAe 'kSaRsrATa saMvata' trIjAe ' vikrama saMvata ' cAcAe 'mAlava saMvata' tyAre vaLI pAMcamAe ' caNu saMvata ' ema bhinnabhinna nAma ApI vividha racanA zA mATe karI? jo sarve ekaja pradezanA-mAlava dezanA-svAmI hatA te te sarvae ekaja savatane mAnya rAkhavA hatA. temaja jo te sarve ekaja lakSaNavALA hAta, tA te saMvatsarAne ane kALagaNanAne samaya paNa ekaja rAkhyA heAta. te pramANe vastusthiti tA najare dekhAtI nathI. matalama ke, temaNe ubhAM karelAM anumAneA kevaLa kAlpanika ja che. khAkI dareka saMvata svayaM ekabIjAthI bhinna ane svataMtra che tathA ApaNe sUcavI gayA pramANe ja temane udbhava vigere vastusthiti haze ema pratita thAya che] A pramANe 'mAlava saMvata'nI vicAraNA pUrI thaI. have tevIja aTapaTI dharAvanAra je khIjo savatsara 'zaka' che te vize vicArIe. bhAvAtha vigere (A) zaka saMvata uparamAM te mAtra ekaja kAraNa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke mAlavavatanI peThe zaka saMvata paNa aTapaTI dharAvanAra hAvAthI tenI vicAraNA karavI Avazyaka lAge che. uparAMta anya viziSTa kAraNeA paNu dekhAyAM che. eka tA svataMtra 'saMvata' tarIkeja te urdUbhavyeA che. taduparAMta pahelAnA-mAlava saMvatanA--karatAM te ati meDhuM AyuSya bhAgavatA adyApI paryaMta meAjuda rahyo che. vaLI tenA zabdoccAra24 Akasmika saMjogA maLavAthI evA prakAranA banI gayA che ke, je vikrama saMvatsaranI carcA mukhyapaNe ApaNA viSaya banI rahyo che tenA upara tenuM AkramaNa AvI paDe che; uparAMta ApaNI vivecananI samaya maryAdAmAM na hovA chatAM tenI aMdara dhasaDA AvIne pa eka svataMtra saMvatsara krama jANe pote na heAya tema 'zaka saMvata'nA nAmathI (24) 'zaka'zabdanA artha zuM heAi zake te mATe AgaLa vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che te jue. eTale A TIkA karavAnA atha samajI javAze. (25) tenA a` kAika ThekANe 'vikrama saMvata " thaI la praveza karI jAya che. 'zaka saMvata' evA zabdonA jyAM jyAM praAANa thayela vAMcavAmAM AvyA che tyAM tyAM sarva vidyAtAe teneA bhAvArtha 'za nAmanA sava zaka zabdanA artha sara' hAvAneAja karyAM dekhAya che, eTale je bhAvArthamAM te zabdavALA dAnapatramAM tenA dAtAe ke lekhake (kAtaranAre) je 'zaka saMvata'ne upayAga karyAM che tenA meLa khAya nahIM te dekhItuM ja che ane meLa na khAya eTale vidvAnAe sva kappAnusAra te mATenI dalIlA ubhI karI vALI che. A viSamatAne ukela karavA mATe prathama ApaNe " zaka saMvata" zabdanA bhAvArtha kayA kayA hAI zake te vicArI levA rahe che te nIce pramANe navA. (1) zaka=saMvata, ( The Epoch ); evA sAmAnya arthamAM vaparAya che paNa zaka nAmane ja tene saMvatsara kahevA evA vizeSa nAmadarzaka saMvatanA nAma mATe nahIM. eTale ke it is used to denote "The Epoch, or the year, or the Era, in general but not the particular "Saka Era ' itself : jemake 29 yudhiSThiro vikrama, zAlivAhanau tato nRpaH syAdvijayAbhinaMdanaH / tatastu nAgArjuna bhUpati: kalau kalkI SaDete zakakArakAH smRtAH // In the Kali age, come Yudhisthir, Vikram and Shalivahan; afterwards will be the king Vijayabhinandan; then the king Nagarjun and the sixth Kalki. These six are stated to be the makers of Sakas or Eras= yugamAM, yudhiSThara, vikrama ane zAlivAhana thaze; te jAca che ane tethI guMcavADA ubhA thaI jAya che. te lakSaNa sUcavavA mATeja A zabdo vAparavA paDacA che (tenAM dRSTAMta mATe AgaLa upara jIe). (26) juo. ja. kheAM. che. rA. e. sA. pu. 10 pR. 128

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zaka zabdanA khAda vijayAbhinaMdana rAjA thaze; pachI rAjA nAgArjuna ane chaThTho kalakI. A chae zaka athavA saMvatanA pravartA gaNuAraze. A pramANenA arthamAM te zabda vaparAyAnA aneka dAMtA ApaNane maLI paNa Ave che. jemAMnAM keTalAMka pR. 82 upara TI.naM. 7ramAM ApaNe ApyA paNa che. ,, zuka zabda lakhyA chatAM " vikrama saMvata "nA arthamAM paNa te zabda vAparavAmAM Ave che. tenuM dRSTAMta ApatAM sara kaniMgahAma jaNAve che 27 " " In the Saka year twelve hundred and seventy five called Chitrabhanu, in the light fortnight of Margashirsha, its fifth day and Saturday=citrAbhAnu nAmanA 1275nA zaka saMvatanA varSe, mArgazIrSanA zukala pakSe, paMcamInA divase ane zanivAre " A pramANe lekhanA mULa zabdo che. AmAM " zaka saMvata ' tevA spaSTa zabda hAvAne lIdhe aneka vidvAna e tenA artha - zaka saMvatsara karIne 1275 zakAI. sa. 1353 (1275+78=1353)nA varSane citrabhAnu nAma heAvAnuM jAhera karyuM che. paNa teonA matathI bhinna paDatAM pote jaNAve che ke Nothing can apparently be clearer than this date which corresponds to A. D. 1353 and yet it is absolutly certain that the word Saka cannot be intended for Saka Era, as the name of Chitrabhanu, which is the 16th year of the Jovian Cycle, corresponds exactly with 1273 Vikramaditya=A samaya jenI gaNatrI karatAM i. sa. (27) jIe. sara kaniMgahAmakRta, buka ek enzanTa IrA4 pR. 21: tathA kheMgela eziyATika sesAiTInA jarnala naM. 289 pR. 4,5 (DA. haeNAla) [ aThThama khaMDa * .. 1353nI sAla Ave che, tenA karatAM vizeSa spaSTa khIjuM nivedana hAI zake nahIM. chatAM e paNa taddana satyaja che ke zaka zabda te " zakasavata 'nA bhAvArthamAM vaparAyA thIja, kemake citrabhAnu te bRhaspati nakSatranA cakramAMnuM sALakhuM varSa che ane te vikramasaMvata 1276mAMja AveluM che."eTale ke A prastuta 1275nA AMkane, zakasaMvatsaranA AMka lekhavA joie ema pote jaNAve che. vaLI peAtAnI mAnyatAnuM samarthana karatAM te sAheba teja pustakamAM teja pRSThe TI. naM. 21mAM dRSTAMta Ape che ke, "I have since found an inscription dated in " Vikrama Saka ''= ' vikramazaka ' " evA zabdamAM samaya darzAvatA eka zilAlekha mane te pachI maLI Avyo che. " A sarva kathanathI spaSTa samajAya che ke, ahIM ' zaka' zabda je che te zakasaMvatanA arthamAM vaparAyA nathI paNa ' vikramazaka ' eTale ' vikramasaMvata 'nA arthamAM vAparavAmAM AvyA che. (28) 'zaka zAlIvAhana' nAmanA prayAga vyAjakhI che ke kema, tathA tenAM kAraNa vigere . AgaLa upara pu. pamAM (3) zaka zAlivAhana=zAlivAhana rAjAnA zaka28 athavA saMvata; eTale ke The Era founded by the king named Salivahan=zAlivAhana nAmanA rAjAe pravartAvelA saMvata; or it is used shortly as Sakaso and so=athavA tene TUMkamAM ema paNa jaNAvAya che ke, zaka saMvata phalANA phUlANA; daSTAMtamAM jaNAvIzuM ke9 That the dates of the Western Kshatrapas are actually recorded in the years of the Saka Era beginning in 78 A. D. There can be no possible doubt=pazcimanA kSatrapa e je samayanI noMdha karI che te kharekhara zaka saMvatanA varSomAMja karI che. ane tenI Adi I, sa, 78 thI30 ApaNe cavAnAM chIe te jIe. (29) jIe kA. AM. re. prastAvanA pAri. 83; ja. 2. e. sa. 1899 pR. 365. (30) pazcimanA kSatrapAe je zaka calAnyA che tenI Adi I. sa. 78 thI viThThAnee mAnI che. paNa te tema

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dvitIya paricheda ] bhAvArtha vigere thAya che. te viSe kaI paNa jAtane zaka uThAvI zakAya karatA hovAnuM manAyuM che, tenuM nAma jema sAdhAraNa rIte tema nathI." dhAravAmAM Ave che ke tene mULa sthApaka zaka rAjA (4) " zaka saMvata" eTale zaka prajAe calAvelo hatA tathA tane zaka saMvata kahevAya; ema bhale ne saMvata athavA zaka prajAne je mAnya hato tevo saMvata- banyuM hoya, chatAM eTaluM to satya che ja, ke A zAka " It may mean, the Era of the Saka rAjAoe ghaNe lAMbo kALa uttara hiMdamAM tene vApa nation themselves, or the Era used rAkhyo hato, tethI te nAma paDI mayuM hoya". eTale by the nation who call themselves temanA kahevAno matalaba e che ke, cakaNuM kSatrapavALI Sakas. e. p. "But whatever their prajAne zaka kahevAI che ane tethIja. temaNe je zaka nationality may have been, it seems saMvatane upayoga karyo che, tenuM nAma zakasaMvata che. extremly probable that in later times, A zakasaMvatanA artha be rIte thaI zake che. eka te they (western kshatrapas ) are actually zakarAjAe sthApela saMvata ane bIje artha, zAka called " salvas" and it may be gug- prajAe ghaNA laubA kALa je saMvatanA vaparAza karyo gested that the name which was gene. rAkhyA hatA tevA saMvata. A e arthamAMthI bAjI rally accepted at a later date for the vadhAre saMbhavita hoya ema temanuM maMtavya thatuM jAya era used by them. may not have been che. game te arthamAM dhaTAvI paraMtu tene zaka prajAnI derived from the fact that it was sAthe saMbaMdha che ema kahevAno matalaba che. originally founded by a Saka king, (5) "zaka-nRpa-kAla' e zabda paNa vAMcaas is generally assumed but from the vAmAM Ave che. A zabdane padacacheda karatAM temAM fact that, it became best known in kayA kayA artha samajI zakAya tema che te tapAsavAnI northern India, as the era which jarUra che. temAM traNa zabdano samAsa thayo dekhAya was used for so long a period by these che. eTale traNa artha sAmAnya rIte temAMthI nIpajAvI Saka kings (Saka-Nrupa-kala )= zakAze; (a) zakatRpa-kola (ba) zaka-tRpakAla (4) teo 1 game te jAtanI prajA hoya, chatAM eTaluM ane zaka-nRpa-kAlaH te traNe zabda eka pachI eka sevA cakkasa che ke, teo (cakaNavaMzI kSatrapa)ne laIe. temAMne (a) prathama zakatRpa-kAla; eTale ke AgaLa jatAM zaka tarIke ja32 kharekhara rIte oLa* zakaprajAne je rAjA che teno saMvata; pachI te rAjA khavAmAM AvyA che. ane (tethI) ema sUcana karI pote zaka hoya ke na paNa hoya. vadhAre saMbhavita zakAze, ke je zAkano teo sAmAnya rIte upayoga ema dekhAya che ke te pote zaka jAtine nahAtA ja nathI. tenI carcA A pustakamAM navamA khaDe karavAmAM nahapANanA vRttAte paNa vizeSa adhikAra AgaLa upara cakSaNanI Avaze. ahIne zaka zabda te saMvatsaranA bhAvArthamAM hakIkate lakhavAmAM Avaze. chatAM atre zaka tarIke vaparAyo che. eTaluM batAvavA puratuM ja A daSTAMta che ane vidvAnanuM kathana je meM aMgIkAra karyuM che te eTalA mATe ke te satya che ema samajavAnuM che. ahIM te saghaLA rAjAonI jAti vizenI carcA karAtI (31) juo ko. o. re. pAri. 84. nathI tethI ja ahIM te "zakatRpakALa' zabdanI ja carcA (32) A ca9NakSatrane vidvAnoe zaka tarIke oLa- thAya che mATe aMgIkAra karavAmAM koI ja pheraphAra thaI khAvyA che. paNa kharI rIte teo zaka nathI ja, tene ApaNe ja nathI. pu. 3mAM avAra navAra ullekha karI gayA chIe (juo (33) upara TAMkeluM ja vAkya juo.

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tene sthApaka [ aSTama khaMDa =the king of the Saka nation; mean- (2) pite jAte ja zaka hoI zake [jue naM. 5 (ba)]. ing he is the king of the Saka people (4) zaka eTale sAmAnya rIte koI paNa saMvata but it does not encessary follow that [juo . 1. (5) mAtra 'varSa'nA bhAvArthamAM [jIe he himself is a Sakay rather it clearly naM. 5 (ka) ) ane (6) kavacit vikrama saMvata jevA denotes that he himself was not a arthamAM [juo. naM. 2]. ane kAla-time. eTale AkhAye samAsane upara pramANe zaka zabadanA jyAre cha cha jeTalA artha e thaze ke. During the time of the artha nIkaLI zake che, tyAre te zabda lakhavAmAM lekhaking, who ruled over the Sakas = zaka kane zuM Azaya rahele he joIe te barAbara rIte prajA upara je rAjAnuM rAjaya sthApita thayuM hatuM tevA samajavAmAM keTalI muMjhavaNa thavAne tathA tene lIdhe rAjAnA rAjya amale-I. I. (ba) zaka-tRpakAla temAM bhUla khAI javAne temaja bhAvArtha samajavAmAM kevo zaka te rAjAne vizeSaNaja che. eTale je rAjA poteja anartha thaI javAno saMbhava che tene ApaNane sahaja zaka jAtine hato tenA rAjya amale evo artha khyAla AvI zake che. thaze=it means. he himself was a Saka; ATale darajaje tene arthe vicAryA pachI have tenI paNa je prajA upara tenuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM, te prajA sthApanAno viSaya hAtha dharIe. tenA be bhAga pADI zaka hoya vA na paNa hoya. bake nahotI evoja zakAze. eka teno kartA ane bIjo tene samaya. prathama bhAvArtha nIkaLI zake che=but it is not neces- ApaNe tenA kartA sthApaka vize vicAra karI laIe. sary that the subjects, over whom he pachI samayano muddo vIcArIzuM. ruled, were also the Salias and not tene sthApaka upara jaNAvela che artha uparathI others; or probably they were not keNa hoi zake ? tenA sthApaka vize kAMI khyAla the Sakas. (ka) zaka-tRpa-kAla: temAM zaka saMvata bAMdhI zakAya tema che ke kema te the Year; nRpa = rAjA the King ane kAla= muddo chaNI laIe. chamAM naM. 2 ane 3, zaka nAmanI samaya the reign. eTale te AkhA samAsane artha prajA ane tenA rAjA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. naM. 1 ema karI zakAya ke te rAjAnA rAjya amalanA amuka ane na. 4 keI viziSTa ke sAmAnya saMvata sAthe varSe-AvA bhAvArthavALA thazeain so many years saMbaMdha rAkhe che. jyAre naM. 5 mAtra varSa sUcaka ja of the king's reign athavA sAmAnya rIte zabda che ane naM. 6 vikrama saMvatane sthAne vaparAte ItihAsamAM je ema jaNAvavAmAM Ave che ke, te zabda che. naM. 6 bAbatamAM te ApaNe atre koI rAjAno rAjyAbhiSeka thayA bAda amuka varSe=or vicAravAnuM rahetuM ja nathI kemake te gata paricchede what we generally find mentioned as, vistArathI carcI lIdho che. tema naM. 5 ne sparza in so many years after his coronation. kara nirUpayogI che. te be bAda thavAthI prathamanA A pramANe A zabdanA kTAkTa bhAga pADIne cAra arthanIja tapAsa karavI rahe che. temAMthI - 2 vividha rIte goThavavAthI traNa prakAranA vividha artha ane 3 nA artha, zaka jAtanI prajA ane rAjA sAthe thaI zake che. saMbaMdha dharAvatA jaNAvyA che. teno vicAra karavo uparanA sarva kathanane TUMkamAM guMthIe to "zaka kAMIka sUtara che. kemake pu. 3 mAM hiMda upara caDI zabdanA A pramANe artha thayA kahI zakAze (1) AvelA je paradezI AkramaNakAronuM varNana ApaNe zaka nAmana saMvatsara [jIo naM. 3]. (2) zaka nAmanI karI gayA chIe. temAM zaka nAmanI eka prajA paNa AkhI prajA [juo naM. 4 tathA naM. pa (a) 3. hatI eTale tenI khAtrIpUrvaka mAhitI ApaNane prApta

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dvitIya pariccheda ]. keNa hoI zake? thaI gaI che, jethI tenI vicAraNuM nizaMkapaNe karI hakIkato upara daSTipAta karI laIe. zakAya tema che. temanA vRttAMte sAbita karI gayA I. sa. pU. bAda ane A pustakanA samayanI chIe ke, temanA be vibhAga pADI zakAya tema che. maryAdAnI vaccenA kALamAM. prathamamAM je kAI zaka eka zaka, ane bIjo hiMdIzaka. temAMye zaka prajAnuM ke tevI paradezI prajA rAjasattA upara AvavA pAmI rAjya mAtra 7-ka varSa cAlyuM che ane hiMdI- hoya, te temAM ApaNe kuzanavaMza ane cakaNuvaMzazakaprajAnuM 22 varSa35 cAlyuM che. eTale AvA TuMka vALAja lekhAvI zakAya tema che. A banne rAjavaMzanAM samaya sudhI rAja karI gayelI prajA ke temane keAI rAjA vRttAMta ApaNe AgaLa ApavAnA chIe; eTale kAMI evA prabhAvavaMtA hoI na zake, ke jethI tene atre to mAtra eTaluMja jaNAvI daIzuM ke te bemAMthI saMvatsara sthApana thayo hoya, temaja temanA samaya bAda koIne paNa zaka tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya tema nathI. paNa ghaNe ghaNo lAMbo kALa cAlato rahyo hoya. chatAM keTalAka vidvAnoe, kSaharATa ane InDopAthaeTale te arthavALI sthitine paNa ApaNe vaLa devIja ansamAMnA zAsakene jema zaka mAnI lIdhA che, tema rahe che. chatAM eka hakIkatane paNa ApaNe khyAlamAM A be vaMzanA rAjakartAone paNa zaka mAnI lIdhA che. levI ghaTe che, ke AgaLa varNavAI gayelA zake ane eTale bIjI hakIkatane vicAra paNa ApaNe karo hiMdI zakane samaya mAtra i. sa. pU. nA samayano che. rahe che. A sarva bhUla bharelA khyAlanA nirasananI paNa koI zaka prajA te bAda kAM thavA na pAmI heya vicAraNuM prathama karI levI paDaze. te mATe bhinnabhinna ane temaNe potAnA nAme zaka calAvyo hoya ? vaLI vidvAnonAM maMtavya tapAsI javAM paDaze. eka bIjI bInA dhyAnamAM levI rahI jAya che. pu. I. e. nA pu. 37 mAM pR. 33 upara sarva 3 mAM je paradezIone ApaNe kSaharATa prajAnA sAmAnya mata evo raju karAyo che ke " Prof. zAsake-jevAke bhUmaka, nahapANa, rAjIvala, soDASa. Oldenburg put forth the statement lIeka ane pAtika tathA InDopAtha anya prajAnA that Kanishka founded the Saka Era rAjakartAo-jevAke mojhIjha. ajhIjha pahelo, ajhI- and this theory has been generally lIjha, ajhIjha bIja ane geDaphAranesa-lekhAvyA che accepted by the majority of Oriental che temane aneka itihAsakAroe zaka tarIke gaNI scholars = kaniSka zakasaMvata sthApyo hato tevI lIdhA che. te tevI gaNatrI paNa najara bahAra javA kalpanA pro. eDanabarge raju karI hatI ane tene devAnI jarUra nathI. kemake, teoe pitA pAse aneka praurvAtya vidvAnomAMnA moTA bhAge sAmAnya vastuo upalabdha na thayAne lIdhe, bhale galatI karI rIte mAnya rAkhI che." A kathanane maLatAja. nAMkhI hoya. chatAMe jyAre ApaNe saMzodhana karI paraMtu vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa batAvatA je abhiprAya nagada satyaja tAravI kADhavAno prayAsa karI rahyA chIe, eka vidvAne A bAbatamAM anya saMzodhakenA ane tyAre jarA jeTalI paNa bAtamI pAchaLathI maLI rahI vizAradonA kathanane abhyAsa karI, temAMthI sArarUpe hoya, te tenI avagaNanA kema karI zakIe ? A kADhayo che, te temaNe nIcenA zabdomAM vyakta karyo be hakIkatano vicAra karI levAya, te pachI mAtra che:-zakasaMvata, keI leke (1) turUSNa eTale kuzana naM. 1 ane naM. 4 vALA arthanIja vicAraNA karavI vaMzI rAjA kaniSkane juo (temanuM pu. 1, pR. 3), raheze. te sthitie pahoMcIe te pUrve, uparanI be (2) kSatrapa nahapANane (3) zakarAjA vensakIna athavA (36) jue bhAratane prAcIna rAjavaMza bhAga 1, (34) juo A pustake uparamAM pR. 15. (5) jue pu. 3. 5. 40panI vaMzAvaLa,

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tenA sthApaka 100 (4) zakarAjA ya--aja (Aziz) nA pracalita thayela mAne che. khArIka tapAsa karatAM A cAre vastusthiti asaMbhavita che; kemake naM. 1 vALA kuzAnavaMzIe peAte zaMkaprajA nathI te hakIkata ApaNe AgaLa upara sAbita karI ApIzuM. tema naM. 2 nA kSatrapa napANu pAte kSaharATa hatA eTale ke zaka naheAtAja. vaLI naM. 3 vALA vensakI khatamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, prathama te AvuM nAmaja itihAsamAM ApaNe sAMbhaLyuM ke vAMcyuM nathI. eTale tenI satyAsatyatAnuM tAla karavAnuM azakaya che. paNu temanA hetu vImAkaDaksIjhane uddezIne kahevAnA samajAya che.ane temaja hoya te te kuzAnavaMzI che. eTale te saMbaMdhI sthiti uparanA naM. 1mAM jaNAvyA pramANe samajI levI. jyAre naM. 4 vALA ajhIjha vize pu. 3mAM ApaNe spaSTa karI khatAvyuM che, ke te inDA pAEana hatA; ane teNe kAI paNa zaka calAvyeA ja nathI. matalakha ke temaNe derelA A AkhAe dAhananA [ ama kheDa zabdomAM kathana karI rahyA che. jyAre mi. raeNpsana nAmane vidvAna teA sAsAk zabdomAM saMbhaLAvI de che ke8 "One of the main objections brought against the...theory, that is Saka Era was founded by Kanishka was that, Kanishka was not a Saka but a Kushan=zakasaMvatanA sthApaka kaniSka che te muddAnI virUddha jatuM sauthI mukhya kAraNa to e che ke, kaniSka pote zaka nathI paNa kuzAna che. " eTale temanI dalIla e che ke, kaniSka pote kuzAna heAvAthI tene zakasaMvata (zakaprA ke zakarAjA taraphathI pracAramAM mUkela evA saMvata)nA pracAraka tarIke kabUla rAkhI na zakAya. [ mArUM TIppaNayAda rAkhavAnuM ke temaNe A vAMdhA zakasaMvata eTale zakaprajAne saMvatsara ke zakarAjAe calAvela saMvatsara. tevA bhAvArthamAM tene sthApaka kaniSka hoI na zake te khAtara raju karyAM che, nahIM ke zakanAmanA krAI hAsamAM rasa letA anya vidvAneAnA abhiprAya pazu ApaNe svataMtra rIte vicArI laIe. sara kaniMgahAmanA mata paNa emaja che, ke zaka saMvata kuzAnavaMzI kaniSTha sthApyA che jyAre mi. vinsenTa smitha temanAthI bhinna paDatAM jaNAve cheku37 " I do not affirm as a fact that the Saka Era of A. D. 78 was established by Kanishka=. sa. 78 vALA zakasaMvata kaniSka sthApana karyAM hatA te hakIkata satya tarIke huM svIkAratA nathI. '' A vAkayamAM samAyalI khIja hakIkata sAthe ApaNe ahIM nisbata nathI; eTale tenI carcAmAM utarIzuM nahIM. paNu mi. smithanA kathanamAMthI eTalu teA phalita thAya che ja ke, rAjA kaniSka pote zaka nahIM ja hAya. A pramANe vidvAnAnAM raju karelAM maMtavyeA uparathI ApaNe joI zakayA chIe, ke te sadhaLAe| zakasaMvatanA kartA tarIke kuzAnavaMzI rAjAone mAne che kharA, paNa te jAte thaka hAya ke nahIM, te mATe zaMkAvALA hAine, gALagALa cAre muddA asatya Thare che. A uparAMta prAcIna prati-viziSTa saMvatsaranA sthApaka tarIke; eTale ke zaka zabdatA je naM. 1nA artha thAya che te bhAvArthamAM ke, zaka eTale kAI sAmAnya rIte saMvata gaNAya tevA naM. 4 vALA bhAvArthamAM] A pramANe zaka zabdanA je cha artha thAya che temAMnA naM. 2, 3 ane 5, 6 varjI nAMkhavA haryAM; eTale pachI naM. 1, ane 4 rahyA. temAM tA zaka nAmanA saMvatsara ke zaka eTale krAI sAmAnya saMvata evAja artha thAya che; ane te tA ceAkkasa dekhItuMja che ke, A samaye kAryaka saMvatsara A kuzAnavaMzI ke caNuvaMzI rAjAoe gatimAM mUkayo ja hatA. [jI uparamAM tathA A pustakamAM te vaMzanA vRttAMtamAM-pachI te i. sa. 78 vALA saMvata che ke anya che athavA kAI khIjA zakane maLatA che, te vastu nyArI che. temaNe eka saMvata calAvyo che eTaluM teA satya che ja ] eTale sarve dalIla ane carcAnuM pariNAma e AvyuM gaNAze ke, kuzAnavaMzIee athavA caRRNuvaMzIee uttara hiMdamAM kAIka saMvata calAvyeA hatA. tene zaka eTale saMvata evA (37) jIe a, hiM, iM. trIjI AvRtti pR. 254. (38) A kA, AM. rai, pA. 85.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] sAmAnya arthamAM, athavA tenuM nAmaja zakasaMvata evA viziSTanAmathI saMkheAdhI zakAze-paNa zakaprajAe ke zakarAjAe calAvela saMvata evA artha te tene thatAja nathI. A pramANe uttara hiMdamAM (nahIM ke dakSiNa hiMdamAM) pravartI rahela zakasaMvatanA sthApaka vizene vivAda pUrA thai rahyo. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM je zakasaMvata vaparAtA najare paDe che, tenA sthApaka vizenI tapAsa, dakSiNa hiMda upara sAmrAjya bhAgavatA aMdhapationuM varNana karavAnA chIe, tyAre te ThekANe karIzuM. A kathanathI ema paNa samajAze ke zakasaMvata che e jAtanA; paNa te anne ekaja che, ke bhinna bhinna, te ApaNe nIcenA pArigrAphamAM sAbita karIzuM. have tenA samayane lagatA muddo athavA anya je kAMI viziSTatA che te vicArIe. kANu hAI zake ? sAmAnya rIte jyAM jyAM " zakasaMvata " evA zabda uccArAya che ke vAMcatAM vAMcatAM najare paDe che, tyAM tyAM turata ja, dakSiNa hiMdamAM pravartI rahela zakasaMvataja ApaNI dRSTimAM taravaratA dekhAya che. te zaka saMvata vizeSapaNe vaidaka matAnuyAyIe vAparatA jaNAya che. temanA graMthAnusAra zakasaMvata ane vikramasaMvatanI vaccenuM aMtara 135 varSanuM gaNAya che. ane vikramasaMvata tathA isvIsana vacce, ApaNe sadhaLA jANIe chIe te mujaba, 57 vaSa~nuM aMtara che. eTale A traNa prakAranA saMvatAmAM prathama vikramasaMvata che. tene samaya IstrInI pUrve 57 varSane hAvAthI i. sa. pU. 57mAM tenuM calaNa thayuM hatuM ema kahI zakAya che. te Ada tenA samaya tathA anya viziSTatAo 101 isubhagavAnanA smaraNamAM calAvAyale| saMvata jene ApaNe IsvIsananA nAmathI eLakhI rahyA chIe te, ane sAthI chellA zakasaMvata cAlu thayA che ema kahevAya. eTale tene samaya 135-57=4. sa. 78 kahI zakAya. mi. rUpsana paNa ThIka ja kahe che ke,41 The years of the Saka Era, bginning in A. D. 78. There can be no possible doubt=zakasaMvatanA prAraMbha I. sa. 78mAM thayeA che. te vize lezapaNa zaMkA nathI.42 jainagraMthaiAmAM paNa teja matalabanuM lakhANa maLI Ave che 343 " vIra nirvANuthI 605 varSa ane 5 mAsa bAda zakarAjA hAIgA." khIjA graMthAmAM paNa teja AzayanuM kathana che.44 yati rUSabhanA samaye nIce pramANe traNa mAnyatA pravartatI hatI. (1) vIranirvANuthI 9785 varSa 5 mAse zakarAjA huA " (2) 5 14793 (3) (39) jIe saptamakhaDe, prathama pari. TI. na. 2. (40) e vikramasaMvatavALe! pariccheda tathA vikramAditya rAjAnuM vRttAMta. (41) jIe ke.. . . pAri. 83: tathA ja. rA e. se|. 1899 pR. 365. (42) cAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke A kathana temaNe nAnAnuM je sAmAnya matanya che tene anulakSIne karyuM che; sa ,, 605,, 5 ,, 33 A mAnyatAmAM darzAvelA prathamanA e rAjA sAthe hAla ApaNe nIsbata nathI tethI te upara vicAra karavAnuM cheADI daIzuM. jyAre trIjAnA saMbaMdhamAM je 605 varSa lakhyAM che te 'vIranirvANu'thI gaNyAnuM ceAkhkhuM kathana che. ane vIranirvANunA samaya vikrama saMvata pUrve 470 athavA I. sa. pU. 47057=527 manAyeA che.45eTale te hisAbe gaNutAM 605-470 =135 vikramasaMvatanA ane 605-527=08 I. sa. AvI rahe che. ane upara vaidikagraMtheAnA AdhAre paNa te ja samaya batAvAyA haiAvAnuM ApaNe jaNAvyuM che, matalaba e thai ke, vaizvikamatathI, jainamatathI, temaja vartamAna vidvAnAnI mAnyatAthI, zakasaMvatanI sthApanAnA 25 "" 99 sAmAnya ma'tanya e che ke, uttara hiMdanA ane dakSiNa hiMdanA zasavata ekaja che. (43) nA. pra. patrikA pu.10 aMka 4, pR. 722-23; nemicadrajIneA tile kasAra temaja tirUSabhadattane tileAyapannati, (44) nA. pra. pu. patrikA pu. 10, aMka 4, pR. 732 TI. na. 4. (45) jue pu. 1, pari, 1,

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102 zaka saMvatanI [ aSTama khaMDa samaya I. sa. 8-vikramasaMvata 135=ma. sa. 605mAM che te jaNAvIzuM. Do. kIe nAmanA eka vidvAnanA manAya che. ane sarve ekamata che, eTale vizeSa carcAnI asala zabdo TAMkIne eka lekhake jaNAvyuM che ke te mATe jarUra rahetI nathI. A to dakSiNahiMdamAM "According to Dr. Kielhorn himself, cAlI rahela zakasaMvatanI vAta thaI. paNa uttarahiMdamAM the solar month is also used in Saka cAlI rahela zakasaMvatanI teja sthiti hatI ke kema te dates (first appears so late as in the ApaNe haju tapAsavuM rahe che. year 944 A. D. 1022).....It may be gata pArigrAphamAM uttarahiMdanA zakasaMvatanA sthA- said that the use of the lunar month pakanI carcAnI aMte ApaNe eTaluM ja sAbita karI -dates in Saka-era, is the result of zakayA chIe, ke te kuzanavaMzIoe ke ca9NuvaMzIoe its long residence in southern India, calAvyo hato, tathA eTaluM jaNAvavA puratI ja mAtra and that the use of the solar month noMdha karI che ke "zakasaMvata' be jAtanA (uttara -names, is the result of its northern hiMdana ane dakSiNa hiMdano) che. paNa te banne ekaja & civic origin; or may it not be that hatA ke bhinnabhinna te puravAra karavAnuM vizeSapaNe the Buddhists of the earlier centuries have pachI te rAjAonAM vRttAMta lakhavA upara choDI of the Christian era used solar mondIdhuM che. jyAre pu. 3, pR. 381nI TI. naM. 46mAM ths in the reckonings, while the Brahte tene samaya I. sa. 78 nahIM paNa I. sa. 103 mins used the lunar months, as thche ema sAkasAka nirdeza paNa karI dIdhuM che. eTale haeir religious ceremonies and festivals A pramANe jo dakSiNa hiMdanA saMvatane samaya I. are always connected with Tithis & sa. 78 heya ane uttara hidanA saMvatane samaya Pakshas=. kIene pite nedha karI che ke zaka 103 neja hoya-sAbita thAya che te spaSTa ja kahI saMvatanI tavArIkhamAM, saurya mA 47 paNa vaparAyo zakAya ke banne zakasaMvata eka bIjAthI bhinna bhinna ja che. (tevA prakAranuM prathama darzana TheTha vikrama saM. 944 che; ane bhinnabhinna kare eTale te bannenA sthApaka =I. sa. 1022mAM mAlama thAya che'). ema kahI paNa bhinnabhinna ja kahevAze. paraMtu jyAM sudhI ApaNe zakAya ke, zaka saMvatamAM cAMdramAsanI paddhatithI je te muddo, pramANo ApIne puravAra karI ApavA tArIkho lakhavAmAM Ave che, tenuM kAraNa dakSiNahiMdamAM jeTalA sthAne pahoMcyA nathI, tyAM sudhI 5, 7, pR. ghaNA lAMbA kALathI te vaparAzamAM che tene lIdhe che. 381 nI TI. naM. 46 mAM Apela mAtra nivedana jyAre saurya mAsanAM nAmo najare paDe che, te uttara uparaja avalaMbana rAkhIzuM. chatAM te bAbata upara hiMdamAM tenuM asala sthAna che tenuM pariNAma che. prakAza pADatuM ekAda kiraNa, je atra varNavavA yogya lAge athavA ema zuM banavA gya nathI ke, IsunA (46) juo. I. e. pu. 37 pR. 46. (48) mArI samaja ema che ke, sauryamAsanI vaparAza (47) sauryamAsamAM (pUrNimAMta mAsamAM) kRSNapakSathI te ghaNuM lAMbA kALathI jaNAvelI che; paNa jema vikrama mahinAnI zarUAta gaNAtI lAge che. ane caMdramAsamAM saMvatanI vaparAza tenI Adi thayA pachI keTalIye sadI (amAsAMta mAsamAM) jyArathI caMdranuM darzana thAya tyArathI sudhI (juo uparamAM pU. 94) baMdha paDelI che hatI tema eTale zukala pakSathI mAsanI zarUAta gaNAya che. A sauya mAsa vAparavAnuM baMdha paDI gayuM haze athavA te (kAMIka vizeSa khulAsA mATe uparamAM pR. 39 TI. vi. saM. 944mAM je paddhatie te darzAvAI che tenA karatAM na. 34 juo.). judI ja rIte darzAvAI haze,

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dvitIya paricheda ] anya viziSTAo 103 saMvatanI prAraMbhanI sadIomAM thayelA bauddha leke, temanI viSayane khapa jege eTale tAtparya temAMthI nIkaLe pitAnI gaNatrImAM saurya mAsanI paddhatine Azraya che ja ke, uttara hiMdamAM sauryamAsa eTale pUrNimAMta letA ? jyAre brAhmaNe cAMdramAsanI paddhati grahaNa paddhati pramANe samayanI gaNatrI thatI hatI ane dakSiNa karatA ? kemake temanAM dhArmika kriyAkAMDo tathA utsavo hiMdamAM cAMdramAsa eTale amAsAMta paddhatie thatI tithio ane pakSone anusarIne hamezAM gaNavAmAM hatI. tethI ApaNe kahI zakIzuM ke uttara ane dakSiNa Ave che." eTale Do. kIenanA mata pramANe (1) hiMdanA zaka saMvAronI gaNanA paddhatimAM pheraphAra zakasaMvatamAM saurya mAsa (pUrNimAMta) vaparAya che; hato ja.48 uparAMta uparamAM, ApaNe temanI AdinA chatAM (2) cAMdramAsa (amAsAMta) vaparAto je najare samayamAM paNa pacIseka varSane taphAvata hovAnuM jaNAvyuM paDe che tenuM kAraNa e che ke, te zakasaMvata dakSiNa che. matalaba e thaI ke, banne saMvateno samaya tathA hiMdamAM ghaNA dIrdhakALathI cAlu rahyo che; (3) ane paddhati eka bIjAthI alaga alaga che. tethI ja tyAMnA eTale dakSiNa hiMdanAM brAhmaNe pitAnAM sarve temanA sthApaka paNa bhinna bhinna che. ane tema che te dhArmika kriyAkAMDe tathA saraavasara, tithi ane pakSanA te bannene ekaja saMvata tarIke na mAnatAM 50 judA AdhAre eTale ke cAMdramAsanI-amAsAMta mAsanI tarIke ja ApaNe mAnavA paDaze. gaNatrIe kare che tenuM te pariNAma che. (4) jyAre uttara hiMdanA zakasaMvatanA sthApaka ane pravartakamAM I. sa. nI prAraMbhanI sadInA (ke kadAca te pUrvenA kuzAna ane ca9Na vaMzaja mukhya aMze che. te bAda samayanA) baiddho te sArthamAsanI pUrNimAMta mAsanI keTalo samaya teja svarUpamAM ke thoDAghaNuM pheraphAra paddhatie kAma letA hatA. (5) kemake pUrNimAMta-sAthe-te cAlyo haze tenI khAtrIpUrvaka dhapa1 laI sauryamAsa paddhatinuM utpattisthAna uttara hiMdamAM ja raheluM zakAya tevI mAhitI maLatI nathI. paNa eTaluM te che. A pAMca muddAmAMthI ahIM ApaNane je vize jarUra kahI zakAya tema che ke vartamAnakALe to te bIlalAgatuM vaLagatuM nathI tenI carcA mUkI daIzuM (jo ke kula vaparAzamAM najare paDato nathI eTale tene mRtatemAM keTalIka tadana navIna hakIkata samAyelI che eTale prAyaH thayela ApaNe jAhera karavo rahyo. hAla je cheka tene jatI te karI nahIM ja zakAya; tema karavAmAM zakasaMvata vaparAI rahyo che te te dakSiNa hiMdanI gaNatrI Ave to aitihAsika ghaTanA aMdhakAramAMja rahI jAya pramANene amAsAMta paddhati vALe che. jethI tema che. eTale. grahaNa karela viSayane insApha ApIne vartamAnakALanA zaka saMvatanI sthApanAmAM to mAtra dakSiNa chevaTe, TIppaNa tarIke tenI neMdha laIzuM.) paNa ApaNe hiMdanA samrATa evA aMdhrapati zAtavAhana vaMzanejara (49) ApaNe to ahIM De. kIbahenanI sAkSI ApI. paNa mArI khAtrI che ke vizeSa saMzodhana ane tapAsa ne ja hakIkata raju karI che. paNa sara kaniMgahAma jevAe karavAmAM Avaze te uparanuM aMtara bahu ja saMkecAI javA paNa teja hakIkata pote racela "dhI buka opha inDiyana pAmaze. irAjha'mAM pR. 31 upara bhArapUrvaka jaNAvela che. (52) zAtavahanavaMzI je rAjAoe A zaka pravartAvyo (50) juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 51. che ane mAnyo che te vaidikadhamI hatA. (juo temanAM (51) 3. kahaine vi. sa. 944mAM prathama nedha vRttA-. kalahane paNa temaja kahyuM che ke te vaidika manyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. jyAre ApaNe ahIM lakhyuM che ke te dharmanI asaranuM pariNAma che) eTale dakSiNa hiMdane zaka paddhatita TheTha kuzanavaMzI rAjaamalathI uttara hiMdamAM dAkhala saMvata te vaidika che. jyAre uttara hiMdane zaka saMvata kuzAna thaI cUkI hatI eTale te be vaccenA aMtaramAM zuM sthiti vaMzI rAjAe sthApana karela hovAthI te jainadharma pramANe che. pravatI rahI hatI tenI noMdhathI ApaNe ajJAta hovAthI pariNAma ema kahI zakAya ke, uttara hiMdane zaka te jainadhamI A zabdo vAparavA paDayA che. rAjAne che ane dakSiNahiMdane zaka te vaidikadhamI rAjAno che.

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rAka saMvatanI [ aSTama kheDU jene azAkanI kRti lekhAvI bauddha dharmanA saMskAra jhIlatI vidvAnAe varNavI che, te havethI-azAka ane priyadarzina banne bhinna bhinna vyaktie hAvAthI samrATa priyadarzinanIja lekhavAnI rahe che ane te samrATa pote jaina dharmAM hAvAthI, teNe kAtarAvela sa` zilAlekhA mAMDunI dhammalipi paNa jainadharmanAja siddhAMtAnI udmASaNA kare che. A kathanane samarthana ApatI aneka mAhitI teja pu. 2 nA prathama paricchede mahAtmA buddha ane mahAvIranA jIvana saMbaMdhI keTalIka ghaTanAnA varNana karatAM karatAM apAi gaI che; tathA tene vizeSa puSTi ApatI hakIkatA te pachInA dvitIya ane tRtIya paricchede sikkAcitronA varNanamAMthI paNa maLI Ave che. eTale nirvivAdita paNe sAbita thAya che ke, jyAM jyAM atyArasudhInA vidvAnee baddhatA zabda vAparyA karyAM che tyAM mukhya aMze have jaina zabda samajIne ja ApaNe kAma levuM rahe che. te mATe uparanA IMgrejI avataraNamAM DaoN. kalaGAne je A lAkAmAM pUrNimAMta paddhatinI kALagaNanA hAvAnuM mAnI lIdhuM che, te temanI paddhati nathI paNa jainapati che. ane A ApaNuM anumAna sAcuM paNa che. tenA purAvA tarIke ApaNe kahI zakIzuM ke (1) bRddha-tene dharmAM sAdhAraNa rIte potAnA dharmapravartaka zrI yuddhabhagavAnaneAja savata vAparatA AvyA che ane temAM mAtra sAlaneja AMkaDA lakhAte AvyeA che. chatAM kayAMya mAsa, Rtu ke dina I. nI teAMdha samaya gaNanAmAM jo karAi hAya ! tyAM pUrNimAMta pati grahaNa karAi hAya ema pasiddha rIte jAhera thayuM nathI dekhAtuM, jyAre jainagra MthAmAM pUrNimAMta mAsa pramANe samayanirdeza thayAnuM aneka vAra nAMdhAyuM che. (2) tema zilAlekhI purAvAnA AdhAre mi. repsana jevA vidvAneAnA kathanathI pu. 2. pR. 395 upara sAbita karI ApyuM che ke caNuvaMzI kSatrA jainadharmI hatA. ane teoe paNa je samaya gaNunA atyAra sudhI zilAlekhAmAM kAtarAyalI dhammalipi,pUrNimAMta mAsa vAparavAnI jainadharmamAM te samaye pravartI rahI hatI teneAja upayAga karyA hatA. tethIja DA. kalaheA jevA ananya abhyAsIne spaSTapaNe te jAhera karavuM paDayuM che. (3) jema zilAlekhA purAvAthI caNune jainadharmI TharAvAyeA che tema sikkAnA purAvAthI (jIe pu. 2. pari. 3mAM tenA sikkAnuM vana) paNa tene jaina dharmI batAvI zakAyA che. matalaba ke, sAhityanA, zilAlekhanA, temaja sikkAnA, ema aneka vidha purAvAthI A sarva muddA sAbita thai zake che ane karI zakAyA che. eTale temAM zaMkA karavAnuM ke vivAda ubhA karavA jevuM sthAnaja rahetuM nathI. kA ema paNa prazna kare ke, zuM kuzAna ane caNuvaMza jevI ahiMdI prajA, jainadhama' je bhAratadezamAM ud bhavyeA che, tenI anuyAyI prajA ane kharI ? athavA hiMdanI bahAra rahIne te jainadharmI zI rIte khanI haze ? teA javAbamAM jaNAvI zakAya ke, je samayanI A vAta che te i. sa. nA pahelA saikAnI hakIkata che. te samaye ane te pUrve, sArA hiMdamAM (te vakhate bhAratadeza kahevAtA hatA) te zuM paNa sArI duniyAmAM paNa mAtra traNaja dharmo jANItA hatA. vaidika, aiAddha ane jaina; ane chelle chelle IsAI dharma, te kALe ugatA hatA; eTale (53) jIe uparanI TIkA naM. 51. 104 lAgatuM vaLagatuM che paNu caNu ke kuzAna vaMzane nathIpa3 ema ahesAnIthI kahI zakAze [mArUM TIppaNa-atra je tedha karavAnI che te zaka saMvatanA saMbaMdhanI nathI. paNa uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe, tenAthI para, paraMtu aitihAsika ghaTanA upara prakAza pADatI hakIkataja che; DaoN. kAlaGAne karelo noMdhamAM pAte ema jAhera karyuM che, ke uttara hiMdamAM aiho te pati vAparatA hatA. paNa ApaNe pu. 2 mAM mA` samrATanA varNana karatAM ane temAM paNa priya darzinanuM jIvana caritra lakhatAM sAbita karyuM che ke, pracAra tenI utpattinA sthAnathI ( jene ApaNe siriyA-pelesTAina kahIe chIe ) vizeSa AgaLa vadhyA naGetA. tema baiAdharmI rAjAo(zAkavardhana mArya

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dvitIya paricheda ]. anya viziSTatAo 15 sivAya) IrAjakartA tarIke sattAmAM Avela na hovAthI dharmanuM ja pAlana karyuM jatI hatI. jethI kuzanavaMzIo te dharmanI asara bahuja jAja pramANamAM dekhAtI hatI. hiMdamAM jyAre utarI AvyA tyAre jainadharma pALatA eTale bAkI rahyA che; vaidika ane jena; temAM vedika hatA, emaja kahI zakAze. A hakIkata sAMbhaLIne ke Ie dharmanAM prabhutA ane gaurava, zaMgavaMzI amala daramyAna bhaDakI javAnuM paNa nathI tema Azcarya pAmavAnuM paNa -eka sadI jeTalA kALasudhI-jarUra pradIpavaMtAM thayAM nathI. vaLI vizeSamAM A hakIkata jema ApaNe upara hatAMja hatAM; paraMtu temano amala asta thatAM, pAchuM Takela mi. kaeNsana jevA sikkAzAstrInI sAhedata ApI jainadharmaja jhagamagavA mAMDayuM hatuM. vaLI bhUlavuM joituM zilAlekha AdhAre jaNAvI che tema cachanA pautra nathI ke, jyAre samrATa priyadarinano rAjaamala rUdradAmanano zilAlekha paNa teja kathanane puSTi ApI tapa hatuM, tyAre teNe jema aneka dezomAM prajAne rahyo che. kemake te lekha giranAra jevA jaina dharmanA kendra dhamatvanuM zikSaNa ApavA pitAnA dhammamahAmAtrA gaNAtA parvatanI taLeTImAM samrATa priyadarzine je mokalyA hatA, tema te pote hiMdanI uttare nepALa, zilA upara kotarAvyo che teja zilA upara teNe paNa tibeTa, khATAna ane ziAI tU sudhI jIta meLa- ketarAvyo che tathA tema karavAmAM tenI matalaba vavA caDAIo laI gayo hato (juo pu. 2mAM tenuM paNa priyadarzinanI sAthe tulanAmAM pitAne ubhA rahevAnI varNana)ane te jItI laI tyAM pitAno jaina dharma phelAvyo hoya ema dekhAya che. have ApaNe De. kalahaine hatA. uparAMta bIjI vAta; tenI jIvaMta avasthAmAM jaNAvelA eka bIjA muddA vize lakhIzuM. temaNe teNe kAzimara upara pitAnA putra jAlaukane 54 ane jaNAvyuM che ke dakSiNa hiMda karatAM uttara hiMdane nepALa upara potAnA jamAI devapALane, tathA tibe- zaka lakhavAnI paddhatimAM je phera dekhAya che, te TamAM pitAnA putra kusthanane, te te dezanA sUbApade dakSiNa hiMdamAM vasatA brAhmaNanA dharmanI asanImyA hatA.55 jeo samrATa priyadarzananA maraNa nuM ja pariNAma che. alabata eka bIjAnA ghATA bAda te te pradezanAM svAmI banI beThA hatA. A badhA sahavAsane laIne arasaparasa asara te thAyaja ane banAvane samaya I. sa. pU. 200 ne che. vaLI te tethIja vartamAnakALe paNa jainadharmanA ane vaidika pradeza hiMdanI bahAra ja che. jyAre kazAnavaMzI kaDa. dharmanA anuyAyIonA dhArmika temaja sAmAjIka rItaphesIjha pahele, bIje, vigere vigerenA udabhavano samaya rIvAjo maLI jatA dekhAya che; paraMtu te samayanA che. sa. nA prAraMbhamAM ja che ane temanuM vatana tibeTa taphAvatanA kAraNa vize jevuM Do. kIlaeneM anumAna derI -khoTAna vALA pradezamAMja che (juo AgaLanA khaMDe lIdhuM che tevuM nahatuM japaNa jema saghaLA vidvAnoe temanuM varNana). eTale kahevAnI matalaba e che ke be zakasaMvatane-uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdanA zaka saMvataneI. sa. pU. 200 thI I. sa. nA prAraMbha sudhInA eka mAnI lIdhA che tema temaNe paNa te kathanane base aDhI varSanA kALamAM paNa, upara nidezelA kabUla rAkhIne, banne saMvatanI paddhatine meLa batAtraNe rAjAonA-samrATa priyadarzinanA sabhAo ane vevA ane teDa kADhavA mATe ja anumAna joDI kADhayuM pratinidhio jAlaka, kusthana ane devapALanA-putra che. paraMtu have ApaNe joI zakayA chIe ke temanuM ke vaMzavAraso ja tyAM rAjapade hatAH athavA tema nahIM te anumAna khoTI kalpanA upara ja goThavAyuM che, ne bIjAo kadAca gAdIe AvyA hoya, topaNa te atre Do. kIernanA avataraNa uparanuM mAruM TIppaNa pradezanI prajA te temaNe dAkhala karela ane prabodhela pUruM thAya che. ] (54) juo pu. 2 nA ane rAjA jAlaukane lagatuM pariziSTa. . (55) jIo . 2 mAM priyadarzinanA vRttAMta 14.

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saMvatsaranI [ aSTama khaMDa eTale sarve saMvatsarene lagatI mAhitI ekIja sAthe joI zakAya te kAje temane kekAnA rUpamAM raju karI daIe. - prajA caZNuM IsavI , sthApanAnA samaya nAma sthApaka I. sa. pU. nI anya hakIkata tathA sthApanAne prasaMga. gaNatrImAM mahAvIra saMvata prajA 527 temanA nirvANa bAda bauddha saMvata 520 sadara kSaharATa , bhUmaka 159 mahAkSatrapa banyo tyArathI ja kuzAna , kiniSka pahele I. sa. 1035 gAdIe Avyo tyArathI 5 caSThaNa , caNe te zaka cAlu karyo che, paraMtu tenI Adi pitAnA pitA daimetikanA rAjyane-kSatrapa tarIkene-AraMbha thayo tyArathI gaNI che, jema traka vaMzanI bAbatamAM banyuM che tema (juo pu. 3 pR. 384). prajA ! I. sa. 1 | Isu krAIsTanA janma pachI yA varSe vikrama , prajA | i. sa. pU. pa zakAri vikramAdityanA rAjyArohaNanA divasathI mAlava , rAjapUte I. sa. 531-33 dUNa prajAne temaNe saMhAra karI rAjasattA hAthamAM lIdhI tyArathI | prajArAjA I. sa. 78 | addha dhArmika kAraNa atyAra sudhI ApaNe pratyeka saMvatsara saMbaMdhI jAya che. paraMtu tene ullekha kaI zilAlekha ke sikkA | vicAra karavAnA madA vize ja vivecana karyuM upara thayela jovAmAM Avyo nathI tethI atihA gayA chIe. uparAMta keTalAka sika banAva tarIke teno nirdeza ApaNe karyo nathI. saMvatsarenI muddA evA paNa che ke jene alabatta te saMvatane upayoga rAjakIya daSTie thayo uttamatA vicAra samasta saMvatsarone nathI, kemake te saMvatane keAI rAja taraphathI vadhAvI spazane paNa karI zakAya tema levAmAM Avyo nathI. tathApi ema samajavAnuM che. temAM tenI upayogItA saMbaMdhIno eka gaNAya nathI ke tenI mahattvatA kaI darajaje ochI hatI, te che. atyAra sudhI je zaka saMvate vize ApaNe ke che. te AThamAnuM nAma "bauddhasaMvata' che. A saMvatano vicAraNA karI gayA chIe temanAM nAma A pramANe ullekha jo koI paNa samaye ItihAsanA pAne levAyAM che. dhAyAnI apekSA ApaNe rAkhI zakIe, te te (1) mahAvIra (2) kSaharATa (3) vikrama (4) mAlava dharmanAnugAmika mauryasamrATa azokavardhananA kevaLa eka (5) kaniSka (6) caThaNa ane (7) zaka zAlivAhana; rAjaye ja banI zake tema che. paraMtu tene kaI sikko A pramANe sAta che. eka AThame saMvatsara paNa che zilAlekha haju sudhI ApaNuM jANamAM Avyo ApaNe nirdhArIta karela samayanI maryAdAmAM AvI nathI. eTale ja A saMvatanI hakIkta ApaNI kI zaka (56) temanA pattAMte Ane lagatI hakIkata jaNAvavAmAM Avaze.

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-----* dvitIya pariccheda ] uttamatA vize nedhamAM kyAMya levAI nathI. bAkI baddha graMthamAM tathA rAjakIya hetusara thayelI dekhAya che, jyAre keTalAkane anya daMtakathAonAM varNanamAM te te vAraMvAra vaparAto kevaLa dhArmika kAraNe thayelI dIse che. rAjakIya rahyo dekhAya paNa che. ' agatyatA eTalA mATe kahevI paDe che ke tenA utpAanna to ApaNe bhinna bhinna saMvatsarAnI che eTale rANI baLazrInA pAtra gAmatIputra zAta uttamatA ja vicAravAnI che eka siddhAMta e che ke karaNIe-zaka prajA upara pote meLavelI chatanA kArya ane kAraNane hamezAM paraspara nIkaTa saMbaMdha utsava ane khuzAlI nimitte te pravartAvyo hovAnuM hoya che. eTale keI saMvatsaranI uttamatA siddha keTalAkoe mAnI lIdhuM che58 jyAre keTalAkanuM ema karavA mATe, tenA uddabhavanuM kAraNa athavA tenI paNa mAnavuM thAya che ke, te gautamIputre uparanI chata utpAdaka vyaktinA manabhAva Adi saMga vize meLavyA bAda potAnI rAjagAdI pheravIne pAchI ApaNe vicAra karavo ja rahe. . paiThaNanagare je lAvI mUkI hatI<< tenI khuzAlImAM upara darzAvelA ATha saMvatsarAmAMnA, mahAvIra te zakanI pravRtti AdarI hatI. A pramANe be rAjaane bauddha saMvate, te te dharmanA pravartakenAM nirvANa- kIya banAvane tenA utpAdana-nimitta kAraNa-tarIke mukti prasaMgane AzrayIne pravartAvAyA che. eTale temanI raju karAya che. paNa te banne banAvo mAtra kalpita uttamatA vize saheja paNa vicAra darzAve che tevo ubhA karavAmAM AvyA che te ApaNe tenuM varNana prayatna sevavo te nAnA hee moTI vAta karavA karatAM sAbita karI ApIzuM. eTale atre te upara jevuM sAhasa ja gaNAya, mATe te mUkI daIzuM. tema vizeSa laMbANathI vivecana karavAnI jarUra nathI. uparAMta mAlava saMvatane nAme oLakhAtA je zakanuM nAma keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke, te zakanuM utpAdana ApaNe atra dAkhala karyuM che te to mAtra anusaMgika kAraNa kevaLa dhArmika biMdu ja raju karanAruM che. paraMtu prasaMgane lIdheja banavA pAmyuM che. nahIM te tenuM nAma dhArmika kAraNanA aMtaramAM utaravAnuM ApaNe niprapaNa ApaNe gaNavAnI jarUra nahotI, kemake A jana gaNIe chIe eTale te choDI daIzuM; chatAM pustakanA Alekhana samayathI te ghaNeja para che. te eTaluM jarUra jaNAvI zakIzuM ke te kathanamAM ardha sivAya bAkI rahyA pAMca. temane eka jene zaka satya 10 jevuM che kharuM. teTalA mATe tenuM nAma bAda karatAM (dakSiNa hiMda) zAlivAhana tarIke oLakhAvAya bAkI cAra saMte vicAravAnA rahe che. temanI utpache tenI utpatti tathA tene lagate ItihAsa bhale ttinAM kAraNe tapAsatAM te darekanI sAthe khuzAlIne prasaMga ApaNe pu.pa mAM varNavavAne che chatAM te saMvata joDAyela jamAluma paDe che. pachI phAve te te khuzIpara atre e jaNAvavuM jarUrI che te jarUra kahI lIno prasaMga, rAjyanI ke rAjyakartAnA vaMzanI Adi zakAya tema che. tenI agatyatA keTalAka vidvAnene sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM hoya ke pachI kaI mahattvatAbharyuM (57) A zabdaprayoga vyAjabI che ke kema tenI dharAve che. " carcA te rAjAnuM varNana karatI vakhate pu. 5 mAM karavAnuM che. nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM paNa rAhu baLazrIe uparanA - (58) ja. ba. eN. re. e, se. pu. 9, pR. 145 muddAvALuM ja lakhANa ketarAvyuM che. hai. bhAla dAjI lakhe che-Gautamiputra, the son of (59) ja. che. . je. e. se. 1928 navI AvRtti Padamavi and king of Dakshinapath or the pu. 3, mi. baoNne A lekha che temAM A bAbata Deccan boasts of having destroyed the Sak- upara bahu bhAra mukyAnuM jaNAya che. es,Yavnas,Pahlavas,etc. 5dumAvInA putra ane dakSiNa- (60) juo nIcenI TI. naM. 62 patha athavA dakSiNa (hiMda)nA svAmI gautamI putra zAka, yavana, (61) A cAre saMvatasaranA pravartakene zuM zuM kAraNe pADavAza vi, prajAne saMhAra karyA mATe abhimAna maLyAM hatAM tenAM varNana mATe te pratyekanAM vRttAMta jIe

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108 traNa saMvatsaronI [ aSTama khaMDa kAma te rAjavInA hAthe banavA pAmyuM hoya. tethI gaI ja hatI, te pachI uparanA AThanI saMkhyA sAthe karIne dareka saMvatanI utpattimAM AvAM che je tenI gaNatrI kema karavAmAM AvI nathI. uttara eTale vaimittika kAraNee bhAga bhajavyo hoya te te kAraNonI, ja che ke, utpatti thaI gaI hatI te kharuM, paNa tene jeTalA jeTalA aMze uttamatA, teTalA teTalA aMze te vaparAza bhArata dezanA keI paNuM pradezamAM ApaNuM zakanI uttamatA paNa siddha thaI samajavI. vaLI varNananA samaye thayo jaNAyo nathI. tethI ApaNe paNa khuzAlIne prasaMga ujavavAno te darekane sarakhoja tenI gaNanA karI nathI. paraMtu vartamAnakALe itihAsa haka che ema mAnavAnuM che. paraMtu rAjA pate ujave AlekhanamAM enI gaNanA levI ja paDe che. tethI te te judI vAta kahevAya, ane temanA prajAjananI svayaM- saMbaMdhamAM jarUrI thaI paDe tevA prakAranA vicAro raNAthI te ujavAvAya te jadI vAta kahevAya. prajA nIcenA pArAmAM darzAvavAmAM AvyA che. jo Apa meLe ujave to tenI mahatvatA kAMIka oraja vartamAnakALe itihAsanA abhyAsIo kayA zAka lekhAya. A prakAranAM kATalethIja je uttamatAnuM saMvatane mukhyataH vaparAza kare che, te bAbata ja A pramANa patra arpavAnuM TharAvAya te kahevuM paDaze ke te pArigrAphamAM carcavAnI che, jethI thAmAM prathama naMbara zakAri vikramAdityane ja AvI neMdha rakhAtA traNa uparanA pArigrAphamAM jaNAvela raheze. kAraNa ke tenA saMvatanuM calana prajAe ja AdaryuM saMvatanI tArI- ATha uparAMta eka vadhArAne che. jyAre bAkInA traNe saMvata, rAjAthI ke rAjadaphatara khenI cokasa IsAI maLIne kula nava zako khAtAnA pharamAnathI, zarU thayA hovAnuM anumAna tAravI gaNanA vicAra karavo rahe che. navamAMthI zakAya che. teTalA mATe jevuM te pharamAna karanAruM kSaharATa, mAlava, caThaNa ane zAsana baMdha thayuM te ja te zakane paNa aMta ja AvI kuzAna te taddana lupta ja thaI gayA che. bAkInA gayo ApaNe nihALIe chIe. A kAraNane lIdhe pAMcamAna baiddha che te paNa bahu vaparAzamAM sAmAnya cAra saMvatsarAmAMthI kSaharATa, cakkaNa ane kaniSkanA rIte nathI ja; vaLI dakSiNano zaka saMvata che te paNa je traNa bAkI rahe che, tene vaparAza, te te vaMzonI lagabhaga teja kaTimAM mUkAya tevo che. eTale te bene samApti sAthe ja adazya thaI gayo che. teja siddhAMta paNa carcAno viSaya tarIke laIzuM nahi. chatAM uparanA pramANe dakSiNa hiMdanA zakane paNa teja pheja thavAne paricchedamAM tenI khUba vistArapUrvaka je ApaNe neMdha sarajAyelo hato. chatAM vikrama saMvatsaranI peThe lIdhI che te eTalAja mATe ke vidvAno vacce te viSenI lAMbu AyuSya bhogavate te adyApiparyata TakI rahyA che keTalIka samajaphera pravarte che tenuM nirAkaraNa meLavI zakAya. tethI temAM kAMIka anya aMza bhaLela hevuM joIe ema eTale bAkI rahelA kevaLa traNa saMvatsaro vize ja ApaNe | svabhAvika kalpanA thai jAya che. ane te aMza te ja bolavuM rahe che. temAMnA be. prAcIna itihAsanI varSakahI zakAze ke temAM ardhadhArmika hetu joDAyala che rAzamAM AvelA che ane trIjo arvAcIna yugane aMge ( A pramANe dhArmika pravartakAnA be saMvatsarAne joDo paDyo che. bAda karatAM, bAkI rahetA chamAMthI, uttamatAnI kaTie A traNamAM paNa sauthI prAcIna, mahAvIra saMvata prathama darajaje vikrama saMvata ane dvitIya darajaje che. pachI vikramasaMvata che ane saithI chelle IsvI dakSiNa hiMdano zaka AvavAne lAyaka Thare che. saMvata che; te traNenuM pArasapArika aMtara ema TharAvAyuM eka prazna e karAze ke, ApaNuM samayavarNananA che ke mahAvIra saMvata ane vikrama saMvata vacce 470 kALa daramyAna IsAI saMvatanI utpatti te thaI varSanuM ane vikrama tathA IsavInA saMvata vacce 56 (12) uparanI TIkA naM. 60 juo

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dvitIya pariccheda ] cAkkasa varSa uparanuM (565 varSa)67 paNa 57nI aMdaranuM aMtara gaNavuM. temAMnA mahAvIrasaMvatane prAraMbha temanA nirvANu (maraNa)nI tArIkhathI 4, vikrama saMvatane te rAjA gAdInazIna thayApa tyArathI, jyAre IsavIne Isu bhagavAnanA janma pachI cethA varasathI thayA che. ATalI hakIkata ApaNI pAse sAbita thayelI taiyAra paDIja che. eTale vizeSa jhINavaTamAM UtarIne te traNenA samayane meAdhamanAM dheAraNamAMthI khaseDIne mama ane nirNIta tArIkhanA dheAraNe TharAvavAnA prayatna ApaNe A prakaraNamAM karIzuM. prathamamAM, pahelA e zaka vaccenA aMtaranA nirNaya karIe. mahAvIra nirvANu jaina matAnusAra kArtika vada 0)) nuM gaNavAmAM Ave che ane tenA nUtana saMvatsaranA prAraMbha kArtika sudI 1thI gaNAya che. matalaba e thaI ke te samaye, dareka mAsamAM sudInA pakSa-zukala pakSa-pahelAM kRSNupakSa gaNavAmAM AvatA hatA (The dark half of the month preceded the bright half of the same month) jo tema na heAta te, kArtika sudI 1nI pUrvanI rAtrIne kArtika vada 0)) badale vartamAna gaNu nAnI peThe Azvina vada 0)) tarIke lekhIne te mitie mahAvIranuM nirvANu thayAnuM graMthakAre lakhyuM heta. 17 jyAre vikramasaMvatane prAraMbha paNa kArtaka sudI 1 thI ja gaNavAmAM Ave che; paraMtu temAM zudI pakSa saMpUrNa thatAM, teja mAsanuM kRSNapakSa zarU thatuM gaNe che eTale ke (63) sara kaniMgahAmanA buka opha InDIyana IrAjha nAmanA pustake rR. 8mAM jaNAvela che ke--The initial point of this (Vikram) Era ought to be B. C. 57 or 56+ instead of 56 B. C =vikrama saMvatanI Aphri i. sa. pU. pa6 ne badale I. sa. pU. 57 athavA 56 3/4 lekhathI joI e. (64) uparanA paricchedomAM tathA pu. 2 nA prathama paricchede jAo. (65) jIe tenA vRttAMte (16) ja, khAM. cheM. rA, e. sA. pu. 8 pR. 223 (reM| bhAi dAjI lakhe che !) There is a difference of gaNanA 109 vikramanA nUtana saMvataneA prAraMbha paNa te samaye zudI pakSathI thatA hatA;chatAM banne paddhatinuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM / sAra e thaze ke, baMne savatsarane prAraMbha tA kArtika zudI 1 thIja thayA che, paNa pahelAmAM eTale mahAvIrasaMvatamAM pUrNimAMta mAsanI gaNatrIe kAma levAyuM che, jyAre khIjAmAM eTale vikramasaMvatamAM amAsAMta mAsanI paddhati grahaNa karAI che. tethI karIne e saMvatsaranI cAkasa tArIkhanI gaNanAmAM eka pazu divasanA pheraphAra thatA nathIja. matalaba ke te aMte saMvatsaranI vaccenuM aMtara kharAkhara 470 varSanuM ja mUkavuM paDe che. hA, eTale svIkAra ApaNe atre karaveAja paDaze ke mahAvIranA nirvANune samaya temanI pUrvenI kAI anya ghaTanAnI sAthe saMkalita ja karAyeA hAta te| vikrama saMvatsaranA prAraMbhika divasanI gaNanA karatI vakhate te mAsanI gaNutrI ( pUrNimAMta ane amAsAMtanI) ApaNe jarUra dhyAnamAM levo ja paData; ane baMnenI tArIkha mukarara karavAmAM paMdara divasanA eTale ke eka pakhavADiyAnA phka, A bAju ke khIjI bAju mUkavA paData. paNa jyAre prathama saMvatsaranA prAraMbha divasane anulakSIneja khIjAnA Ara'bha divasanI gaNatrI karAya che, ane baMnenI zarUAta ekaja divase (zukalapakSanI pratipadAthI) gaNavAmAM Ave che tyAre eka pakhavADIAnI ( paMdara divasanI ) vadha ke ghaTa karavAnA muddo taddana nimULa ja thai jAya che tathA baMne vaccenuM aMtara pUrepUrA 470 varSanuMja svIkAravuM rahe che. 4 years between the Christian Era and the birth of the Christ = IsunA janma ane IsarvInA sananI vacce cAra varSanuM aMtara che. [mArUM TIppaNa--I. sa. nA AraMbhane Isu bhagavAnanA janma ke maraNa sAthe saMbaMdha nathIja, jyAre bIjA savatAmAM, je dhama pravakranA hoya, teA temanA maraNu sAthe ane rAjakartA hAya te| tenA rAjyanI ke vazanI Adi sAthe haMmezAM sabaMdha hai!ca che. A eka muddAne aMge sarve anya savatA karatAM A IsavIsanane savata judA paDatA gaNAya che. ] (67) jIe kahapasUtranI sukhakheAdhikA TIkA,

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110 traNa saMvatsarAnI [ aSTama khaMDa have bIjA ane trIjA saMvatsaranA vaccenA gaNe che. eTale ke so jhumakhAMmAM 99ne 366 divasanA aMtarane vicAra karIe. uparamAM kahI gayA chIe lakhe che ne 100muM 365 divasanuM ja lakhe che. Ama ke vikrama saMvatsaranI Adi kharI rIte, IsvI anekavidha prayoga karIne, baMne gaNatrIvALAo dekhItI sananI Adi karatAM 56 varSane badale pA rIte bhale kAMIka aMze bhinna paDatA dekhAya che, chatAM varSe thaI che. vaLI tenA TIpaNumAM jaNAvyuM che tatva jotAM amuka varSe-kahe ke dareka pAMca pAMca varSake IsavInA zakanI Adi Isu devanA janma pachI teo lagabhaga evA te nikaTa AvI jAya che ke cothA varase eTale ke trIjA ane cothA varSanI baMne vaccenI bhinnatA naSTa thaI jaIne baMne vacce vaccenA samaye thaI che. A be sUtra ApaNI pAse kema jANe aikayatA-sAmyatAnuM ja maMDANa racAyuM pAyArUpe raju thayAM che. te upara vicAra karIne tenI na hoya, tevuM jaNAyA kare che. kahevAnI matalaba tArikhanA nirNaya upara AvavAnuM kAma have ApaNe e che ke, IsvIsanane zakanA AraMbhano divasa karavuM rahe che. hAla je jAnyuArInI pahelI tArikhe gaNAya che - vikrama saMvatsaranuM dareka varSa ApaNe jANIe ane teno divasa, vartamAnakALe jema vikramArkanA trIjA chIe ke caMdranI gati pramANe 354 divasa ane upara mAsamAM (pauSamAM) Ave che, tema prAcIna samaye paNa keTalIka ghaDInA mApanuM gaNAya che. jyAre IsvIsananuM teja (paiSa) mAsamAM AvatuM hatuM. eTale ke vikramArka varSa sUryanI gati pramANe 365 divasa upara keTalIka saMvatano AraMbha, vartamAna kALanI mAphaka okaTobara ghaDInA mApanuM gaNAya che. A pramANe eka ja varSamAM, nI paMdaramI tArIkhathI navaMbaranI paMdaramI sudhImAMja banenA varSakALanA samayamAM lagabhaga agiyAra divasano prAcIna kALamAM paNa thato hato. have sAbita thayuM taphAvata paDI jAya che. te taphAvata vikramAkanI kALa- kahevAze ke vikramArkane AraMbha prativarSe okaTobaragaNanAmAM pAMca pAMca varSe be adhika mAsa umerIne navembaramAM je thatA ane IsavInA zakano prAraMbha tathA amuka varSanA aMtare eka mAsano kSaya karIne jAnyuArImAM ja thata; jethI bannenA AraMbha vaccenuM eTale ke agiyAra mAsanuM eka varSa gaNIne-badhe aMtara aDhIthI traNa mAsanuM ja gaNI zakAze. te kera kApI nAkhavAmAM Ave che. tema karIne tene sUryanI hisAbe. kaniMgahAma sAhebane je mata uparamAM TAMka gati pramANe gaNAtAM varSonI kALagaNanAnI samIpe che ke, bane saMvatsara vaccenuM aMtara 56 varSa che lAvI mUke che. jyAre sUryanI gati pramANe kALamAna te khoTo Tharaze? paNa tene badale pa6 varSa (56 gaNAvAtA IsvIsanamAM, cAra cAra varSe eka lIpa varSa ane rAA thI traNa mAsanuM) athavA bahuto paNa (Leap) varSa lekhI temAM 366 divasa gaNe che. varSanuM te hatuM ema kahevuM paDaze; sivAya ke IsavIsanane uparAMta cAraso varSanA kALamAM, AvAM cAra cAra varSanA prAraMbha kALa, vartamAnamAM je jAnyuArInI pahelI so jhumakhAMone je kALa Ave, temane chelle guNaka, tArIkhathI gaNAya che, tene badale anyathA gaNata je zatAbdine Ave che te varSamAM pAchI 365 divasa ja heya". A bAbatamAM kevI sthiti che te vize ApaNe (68) ema kAMIka yAda Ave che ke, IsavIsananI gaNana (19) keAI kaheze ke pa6 barAbara ja che, khoTuM nathI; trImAM paNa prAcIna samaye kelenDara mAsa tarIke je gaNanA kAraNa ke 57 pahelAM traNa mahine vikrama saMvatsarane prAraMbha karAtI hatI temAM madhyakAlIna samaye pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyuM thayuM che eTale 56l ne phera rahyo. paNa tema samajanAra che. chatAMye eka varSanI je 365 divasanI gaNatrI atyAre bhUlI jAya che ke vikrama saMvata okaTobaramAM zarU thayA che ane che temAM to phera nathI ja paData. AvI dhAraNAthI je meM te bAda traNa mahine jAnyuArI Ave che. eTale ke traNa mAsa ahIM vivecana karyuM che. bAkI vizeSa prakAza to te viSayanA pa6 ke 57 mAM umeravA jaI e, nahIM ke bAda karavA joie, je dAtA deya te pADaze evI vinaMti che, (70 uparanI TI, na, 18 juo,

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dvitIya paraccheda ]. cokkasa gaNanA 111 kAMI paNa uccArIe tenA karatAM te viSayanA abhyA- varSanuM gaNavAne badale 56 varSanuM che ema siddhAMta sIeja ajavALuM pADI batAve te vizeSa uccIta tarIke svIkArIne kAma levuM rahe che. gaNAze. chatAM ApaNe kAMIka hiMmatathI kahI zakIe upara jaNAvI gayA chIe ke pratyeka nUtana chIe ke mi. kaniMgahAma jevA jhINavaTamAM utaranAra vikramArkane prAraMbha okaTobarathI naveMbaranA madhya - ane zodhakhoLanA aThaMga abhyAsIe, je kAMI mata sudhImAM thaI jAya che ane tene trIjo eTale pauSa uccAryo haze te pAkI tapAsa vinA ke potAne mAsa cAlatuM hoya tyAre IsavInA nUtana varSane pUrAvAnI khAtrI thayA vinA te nahIMja ucAryo hoya. AraMbha thAya che. eTale ke jyAre jyAre vikramavarSanA eTale temaNe je pa6 varSanuM aMtara jaNAvyuM che. pahelA traNa mAsamAM banelI hakIkatane samaya, IsachatAM ApaNI gaNatrIthI 26-17 nuM ja Ave che vInA zakamAM darzAve che, tyAre tyAre jUnuM varSa ane tethI cha mAsa ke aDadhA varSane je phera gaNavuM, athavA jene itihAsakAra so many paDe che tenuM kAraNa ApaNe zodhavuM rahe che. have years expired71 ema kahI batAve che te je padA Ave che to teno artha e thayo ke, dareka samajavuM; ane poSa mAsa pachInA bAkI rahetA nava pUrNAMkanI sAthe 3 varSa joDavAnuM che. vaLI ApaNane mAsane samaya batAvavA mATe navuM varSa gaNavuM; athavA ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke krAIsTadevanA janma pachI aitihAsika bhASAmAM jene such and such trIjuM varSa pUruM thaIne cothuM cAlatuM hatuM te samaye year current ema kahe che te lakhavuM. IsavIsananI zarUAta thaI che. te pachI uparanA teja pramANe Vice versa=ulaTuM sulaTuM samajI sUtranA AdhAre, traNanA AMka sAthe 3 varSane apUrNaka levuM. eTale ke IsavInA zakamAM je banAvane samaya meLavI, nizcayapaNe te samaya batAvavA mATe savAtraNa jAnyuArIthI sarTobara sudhI hoya, tene vikamArkamAM varSanuM aMtara hatuM ema kahevuM paDaze. ane tema karIe darzAve che to tyAM vikrama saMvata "cAlu" lakhavo, te mi. kaniMgahAmanI gaNatrImAM je cha mahinAno ane okaTobarathI DIsembarane samaya darzAvavo hoya phera Ave che teno upAya ApaNe be rItathI karI te vikrama varSa jUnuM athavA gata" ema lakhavuM. zakIe chIe (1) kAM to isavInA zakanA prAraMbhane tevI ja rIte mahAvIra saMvatane IsavIsananI cha mAsa Agho laI javo (2) athavA krAIsTa devanI tArIkhamAM tathA IsavIsananI tArIkhane mahAvIra janmane cha mAsa vahele TharAva. eTale ke naM. 1 ne saMvatamAM pheravI zakAya che; phera mAtra eTale je ke. upAya letAM, vartamAnakALa IsavIsanano prAraMbha je 1lI vikrama ane IsavInA zaka vace 56 nuM aMtara che ane jAnyuArIthI lekhAya che tene badale 1 jAlAIthI tethI 56 ane 17 ne AMka vAparavo paDe che tene gaNa ane naM. 2 no upAya kabala rAkhIe to badale mahAvIra ane IsavInA zaka vaccenuM aMtara krAIsTa devanA janma pachI 35 varSe (traNa varSa ne 5262 (470+56) varSanuM hovAthI pa26 ane nava mAse) IsavIsanano prAraMbha thayo hato ema para7 nA AMkano upayoga karavo paDaze. tevI ja gAvuM. kayuM satya che te saMzodhake zodhI kAze. bAkI rIte vikrama saMvatsarane mahAvIra saMvatamAM keravo jyAM sudhI te binA nizcitapaNe sAbita na thaI zake hAya athavA mahAvIra saMvatane vikramamAM karavo hoya tyAM sudhI, benI vaccenuM aMtara, hAla turata te 56 te uparanA jevuM te muzkela nathI. kAraNa ke te (71) A. D. darzAvavAno hoya tyAre expired (jUnuM) lakhAya paNa B. c. (i. sa. pU.) darzAvavAno hoya tyAre "To come' or 'In store" = have pachI AvatuM, ema lakhavuM paDe. (72) mahAvIra ane vikrama vaccenuM aMtara 470 varSanuM che ane vikrama tathA isunI vaccenuM aMtara pala che eTale

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112 eka bhrama ane [ aSTama khe be saMvatsara vaccenuM aMtara pUNuMkanI saMkhyAmAMja A pramANe niyamanuM sthApana karyuM gaNAya. paNa che; ane te AMka 470 no che. eTale arasaparasamAM tene barAbara pAlana, karI batAvI AMkaDAmAM utArI teja AMkanI vadha ke ghaTa karavAthI badho meLa barAbara batAvAya te vAcaka janatAnI samajaNumAM vizeSa besI jaze. deDhatAthI ThasI jAya; mATe tenAM daSTAMta ApIzuM. vikrama varSa isvInuM varSa (1) 1 lAnA kArtika, mArgazIrSa ane pauSa = i. sa. pU. 57 okaTe. naveM. DIseMka (2) 57 mAnA = 1 - - - (3) 58 mAnA che = I. sa. 1 , , , (4) 1 lAnA mAgha mAsathI Adhina sudhI = i. sa. pU. 56 nA jAnyu thI sapTe (5) 57 mAnA , , ,, = I. sa. 1 nA , , (6) 58 mAno , , , = I. sa. 2 nA , , jyAre tene uthalAvIne darzAvavuM hoya to IsvInuM varSa vikramanuM varSa (7) I. sa. pU. 57 nA okaTa, na, DIseM = 1 lAna kArtika, mArga ane pauSa (8) I. sa. pU. pa7 nA jAnyu thI sapTe = 1 lAnA mAla thI Azvina (9) I. sa. pU. 1 nA eka, ne, DIseM = 57 nA kArtika, mArga ane pauSa (10) i. sa. 1 nA jAnyu thI sarNa = 57 nA mAla thI Adhina (11) i. sa. 1 nA okTa, na, DIse = 58 nA kArtika, mArga ane piSa (12) i. sa. 2 ne jAnyu thI sapTe = 58 nA mAgha thI Azvina ItyAdi ItyAdi. vikrama ane isavInA sananuM aMtara pa ka pA thatAM, tene putra tenI gAdIe beThe che. A pramANe varSanuM gaNAya che. temaja isunA janma pachI te banne banAvane AMka 60 ne thatuM hovAthI traNa varSane kALa gayA pachI koInA manamAM ema vibhrama thavA pAme che, zuM eka bhrama ane temane zaka cAlu thaye hevAnuM vikramAdityanA maraNane ane IsunA saMvatanA prAraMbhane tenuM nivAraNa jaNAyuM che, te hakIkata ApaNe ke isunA janma divasane kAMI saMbaMdha che khare te jaNAvI gayA chIe. A eTaleja uttara ApavAno ke te mAtra vibhrama ja che. banneno saravALe karavAmAM Ave te 5643 tene khulAse nIce pramANe jANu. athavA 564mA 60 sAThanA AMkaDe pahoMcI prathama IsunA janma sAthe vizvama tapAsI laIe. javAya che. jyAre bIjI bAju zakAri vikramAdityanuM isanA janma pachI 3 varSe temanA zakane prAraMbha rAjya paNa sATha varSa ja cAlyuM che ane tenuM maraNa thayo che eTale temane janma te i. sa. pU. jemAM te banane vaccenA aMtarano saravALo karavAthI 470+5 = pUrAM bAkI che uparAMta 57 mA varSanA chellA traNa mAsa 526 mahAvIra ane Isu vaccenuM aMtara Avaze. bAkI hatA tyAre, ema samajavAnuM che. jethI ahIM pa7nA (73) 51 varSane sAmAnya artha karIe te 56 5 pahelA traNa mAsanAM nAma na lakhatAM, chellA traNa mAsanAM thaIne 57 muM cAlatuM hatuM tyAre, ema lakhAya che. paNa atre nAma lakhyAM che) I. sa. lakhavuM hoya te prathamanA traNa mAse te I. sa. 5. nI vAta che. eTale teno artha 56 varSa lakhavAM paDe.

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113 dvitIya pariracheda ] tenuM nivAraNa thayo hato ema kahevAya. jayAre vikramanuM maraNa 57mAM thayAnuM gaNAvyuM che; kemake isunA zakanA prAraMbha tenA potAnA saMvatsaranA sAThamA varSe che. vaLI kALanI agAu 57muM varSa ghaNuMkharuM utarI gayuM hatuM eTale paNa cekasa karyuM che ke tene saMvata tenA rAjyanA ane 56muM varSa gaNavAne mAtra chellA traNeka mAsa prathama divasathIja AraMbhAyo che. eTale je A be bAkI rahyA hatA tyAM vikrama saMvatane AraMbha-kahe ke tArIkhane upara batAvelI arasaparasa pherabadalI kara- tene rAjyArUDha thavAne prasaMga-ba che; ane tenuM vAnA niyame lakhavAmAM Ave te vikramano rAjyAbhiSeka rAjya te sATha varSa cAlyuM hatuM ema jaNAvAyuM che. eTale athavA vikrama saMvatano prAraMbha i. sa. pU. pa0mAM I. sa. 4 (I. sa. pU. 50mAMthI 60 varSa bAda karatAM lakhAze ane tenA rAjyane aMta athavA tenuM maraNa i. sa. 4 Ave che ) besI gayAne chathI ATha mAse i. sa. 4 mAM lekhAze. te pachI isune janma jene tenuM maraNa thayAnuM lekhAze. matalaba ke A bIjA ApaNe I. sa. pU. 4 mAM banyA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. banAvanI sAthenuM aMtara paNa nathI 60 nA AMka vALuM; tene ane vikrama saMvatanA prAraMbha dinane 53 varSanuM paraMtu 57 ane 4 nA AMkanuM che. eTale tene saMbaMdha [i.sa. pU. 57 mAMthI I.sa. pU.4 bAda karatAM 53]aMtara paNa asaMbhavita ja gaNAya. dekhAze jayAre vikramanA rAjyanuM aMtara 7 varSanuM [Isa.pU. A pramANe banne pakSo vicArI jotAM, prathamamAM 3. sa. 4] aMtara Avaze. eTale ke bemAMthI eka AMka 53 ane 7 Ave che ane bIjAmAM te AMka paNa AMka 60 varSane thato ja nathI; paNa lagabhaga 57 ane 4 Ave che, jyAre ApaNe to te AMka ATheka varSano phera rahI jAya che. 60no hoya te ja baMne banAvene saMbaMdha hovAnuM kAMI e have bIjo vibhrama tapAsIe. temAM IsunA zaka vicAravuM rahe che ane tema te nathI ja, te spaSTa che. sAthenA saMbaMdha vize vicAravAnuM che. teno prAraMbha I. sa. eTale tAtparya e thayo ke je prazna ubhaLe che te 1mAM thayAnuM ane vikramanuM rAjyArohaNa i. sa. pU. mAtra vibhrama ja che.

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navama khaMDa

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f " + + oooookhAmaegaoooooooooooooookhAnAnA javAbamAM - - IES kAma - --kat: - - na va ma khaMDa - - prathama pariccheda kuzAna vaMza kazAnavaMzanI nAmAvalI tathA samayAvaLI kuzanavaMza hiMdabahAranA sattAdhArI tarIke kaDaphasIjha pahele kaDaphasIjha bIje - - karanArA kA - - - - - ra ka ma - - dvitIya pariccheda kuzAna vaMza (cAlu) hiMdamAM sattAdhArI tarIke (1) kaniSka pahela (2) vAsiSka-vaSkaH jheSTha, zuSka (3) haviSka (4) kaniSka bIjo (5) vAsudeva tathA aMtima rAjAo - tRtIya pariccheda kuzAna vaMzanA sUbAo paratvenIja metika ane cazmaNa nI samajUti - nAma STDaa nAnA nAnA nAnA- *tomorrow nAnA mATe TER e recomes

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prathama pariccheda kazAna vaMza TUMka sArH--kuzAnavaMzanA samaya I. sa. 100 bAdanA che eTale ke A pustakanI samaya maryAdA TapI jAya che, chatAM tenuM varNana ApavuM paDe che te saMbaMdhI pravezakamAM Apela khulAsA--hUNa ane kuzAna prajAnA Arya tarIkeneA Apela paricaya tathA te enI vaccenA batAvela taphAvata--kuzAnanI sattAnA ane rAjyakALanA karI Apela nirNaya~~~ judAjudA vivAda karI, upajAvI Apela temanI nAmAvaLI tathA temanA anukrama-- aMtamAM temanA saMbaMdhI atyAra sudhI cAlI AvatI dUra karelI bhramaNA----tema karavA jatAM vacce vacce ubhI thatI muzkelIonA Apela khyAla ane chevaTe gADhavI Apela sAlavArI-- kuzAna prajAmAM samAyalI jAtionuM Apela varNana tathA udbhava--kuzAna prajAnA kaDasIjha pahelA sAthenA saMbaMdha kevA prakAranA hAI zake tenI karela carcA--tathA tenA rAjakIya jIvananA Apela AchA khyAla--kaDasIjha bIjo hiMdanRpati thayeA hAvA chatAM, tene bahArane kema gaNavAmAM AvyA che tenuM batAvela kAraNa----tenA jayaparAjaya tathA rAjyavistAra saMbaMdhI lIdhela lakhANapUrvaka tapAsa--uttara hiMdanAM be moTAM zaherI, takSilA ane mathurA, tenA rAjakIya jIvana sAthe keTale darajje saMkalita hoI zake tenI praznottarI karIne batAvI Apela nirNaya--kuzAna saMvatanI sthApanA vizenA Apela cADAya ghaTasphoTa,

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118 kuzAna vaMza [ navama khaMDa "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" nAmanA A pustakamAM samasta teTalAM teTalAM yathAzakti varNavI batAvyAM che. jemake, bhArata dezano itihAsa lakhavAno IrAdo che ema DimeTrIasa, minenTara, bhUmaka, nahapANa, mejhIjha, ApaNe jAhera karyuM che. vaLI ajhIjha I. I. sAthe sAthe je keTalAMka nAnAM nAnAM pravezaka. varNana AlekhanamAM muMjhavaNa rAjyo khUNe khAMcare uttara hiMdamAM rAjaya calAvI ubhI na thAya te mATe bhArata rahyAM hatAM teone paNa banatAM sudhI visAya nathI dezanA-hidanA ApaNe be bhAga pADayA che. uttara ja-jevAM ke saurASTra dezanA zAhI rAjAo, kAzmihiMda ane dakSiNa hiMda. temAMthI prathama ApaNe uttara ranA jAlaka ane dAdara, magadhanA dazaratha ane hiMdane itihAsa lakhavAnuM hAtha dharyuM hatuM, kAraNa ke zAlizuka Adi. matalaba ke koI paNa rAjasattAne te vizeSa sulabdha che temaja vizeSapaNe paricita bhUlyA sivAya svazakti anusAra, sArAye uttara hiMdanA paNa che, uparAMta vizeSapaNe mahatvapUrNa paNa che. A rAjakartAone itihAsa atyAra sudhI A pustakamAM pramANe uttara hiMdanuM varNana lakhatAM, tenA prAraMbhamAM, dAkhala karI dIdho che. eTale te pradeza choDIne ApaNe ati prAcIna samayanI sAthe A pustakanA samaya have dakSiNa hiMda tarapha vaLIe to ayogya gaNAze varNananI maryAdA bAMdhI. te benI vacceno saMbaMdha nahIM. chatAM tema karatAM pahelAM, ItahAsamAM mazahura jeDI batAvavAno sauthI prathama prayAsa karyo che. te thayelI pelI prajAne-kazAna vaMzane-kAMIka paricaya bAda eka pachI eka je rAjavaMzae pratApa karAvavuM jarUrI lAge che. kAraNa ke (1) temane ane sonAnA akSare lakhAI rahe te mahattvazIla samaya-athavA to temaNe pravartAvela saMvatsarane samaya bhAra calAvyo hato te darekano itihAsa vidvAnoe I. sa. 78no mAnyo che eTale temanA kamAnakrame dorI batAvyo che. temAM eka magadha sAmate A vaMzane lagatI hakIkata A pustaka mATe mrAjya ane bIjI avaMti sAmrAjya-te benI hakI- TharAvelI maryAdAnI aMdaraja AvI jatI gaNAya. (2) katae ati moTo bhAga rokI lIdhe che; kemake te temanA zakanI Adi vizenA vidvAnonA matathI judA sthitine sarva rItIe te lAyaka ja che. sAthe sAthe je paDIne mArI mAnyatA tenAthI laMbAvIne jarA AghI paradezI sattAoe hiMda upara caDI AvI, tenA laI javI paDe che, eTale I. sa. 100 nI hada itihAsamAM je kAMI phALo pUrAvyo che tenuM paNa vaTAvI devI paDe che. te kAraNathI siddhAMta pramANe te vismaraNa thavA dIdhuM nathI. alabatta teo jeTalA temane kiMcit sparza karyA vinA ja mAre AgaLa karaje paradezIpaNuM jALavI rAkhatA dekhAyA che. vadhavuM joIe; paraMtu temanA samaya te maryAdAnI teTalA darajaje ApaNe paNa temane dUraja rAkhyA che. (I. sa. 100 nI ) bahuja lagolaga AvI jato eTale ke tevI hakIkatano mAtra aMgulI nirdeza ja hovAthI temaja temaNe bhagavela sattAne lIdhe AkhA karI gayA chIe; jema ke IrAnI zahenazAha sAIrasa hiMdanI saMskRti upara je bhinna prakAranI chApa paDI ane Deriasa, bekaTrIana saradAra yuthIDImAsa, Adie gaI che te uparathI, temanA vize vistRtapaNe nahIM hiMda upara caDI AvI mAtra pitAne dravyale te, chevaTe jeTaluM AgaLa upara agatyanuM thaI paDe saMtoSAtAM, tenI tarapha pITha pheravI durlakSa karyuM hatuM, tevuM hoya athavA te itihAsanI racanAmAM kAragata teja pramANe ApaNe paNa temanA nAmane atratatra thatuM lAgatuM hoya, teTaluM te ApaNe jANavuM ja rahe chUTochavAyo ullekha ja karye rAkhyo che. jyAre temanA che. (3) vaLI keTaleka ThekANe evI mAnyatA pracalita je vArasadAro ane saradAra hiMdane pitAnI ja mAtR thatI jaNAI che ke, hiMdanI Arya prajAnI utpatti bhUmi gaNIne, hiMdamAM ja vasavATa karI rahyA hatA dUNa prajAmAMthI (jeo raMge sapheda hevAthI The temanAM jIvana caritra jeTalAM jeTalAM maLI zakayAM whites tarIke paNa oLakhAya che) thaI che ane

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I = 1 - - prathama pariccheda ] vizenI vicAraNA 119 temane janmapradeza hiMdanI bahAra himAlayanI utta- e prakAranI mAnyatA bAMdhavAmAM AvI che. paNa te ramAM gaNAya che. uparAMta A dRNu prajA ane atra bahu vizvAsanIya dekhAtI nathI. kemake eka te teno varNavavA dhArelo kuzAna prajA, banne eka bIjAnI pAyoja, uccAranI mAtra sAmyatA upara racAyo zAkhA rUpa hovA saMbhava che athavA te ekabIjA che, eTale tadana kAlpanika che. temaja bIjuM eka sAthe ati nikaTano saMbaMdha dharAvatI manAI che. sabaLa kAraNa tenI viruddhamAM jatuM e batAvI zakAya kAranI mAnyatAnI satyAsatyane tapA- tema che, ke AryaprajAnA hiMduzAstromAM temanI utpatti savAnI paNa jarUra lAge che. jaMbadvIpamAMthIja thaI hovAnuM hamezAM jaNAvAyuM che. haNa ane kazAnonI Aya prajAmAM thatI gaNanA ane zAkapanI prajAne anArya lekhavAmAM AvI che. uparanAM traNa kAraNomAMnAM prathama nAM be evA jyAre A kaikesasa parvatanuM sthAna prAcIna samaye to, prakAranAM che ke temane je sAthe guMthana mAM Ave te zakaThIpanI aMdaraja samAviSTa thayeluM ApaNe joI temanI vicAraNA ekaja vivaraNamAM thaI zake tema gayA chIe. eTale bhArapUrvaka kahI zakAze ke kaikesasa che. temaja te bahu lakhANa pUrvaka carcavA yogya viSaya parvatavALo pradeza anArya prajAnuM sthAna hoIne Arya che. eTale te madA hAtha dharavApUrve prathama to trIjo prajAnA utpattisthAna tarIke mAnI zakAya nahi. hajI. mo ja vicArI le vyAjabI gaNAze. ema banI zake kharuM ke, Arya prajAnuM utpatisthAna anya prAcIna AryaprajAnA eka bhAgane gurjara prajAnA je hoya tyAMthI te khasatI khasatI amuka vakhate A nAmathI oLakhAvavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. te prajAnuM kesasa parvatanA pradezamAM pitAnuM thANuM jamAvIne che. . . (hAranA sAmyapaNAne TharIThAma beThI hoya. A kAraNane lIdhe kadAca eTale lIdhe) haze ema kahapanA karavAmAM AvI che. vaLI te darajaje A pradezane paNa A home of the Aryans - jaIA prAMta, hAlanA kALA samudra ane kAspiana Arya saMsthAna kahI zakAya kharUM. jema vaidika dharmanA samadra vacce ane eziyAI turkastAnanA IzAna khUNe zruti-smRti ane upaniSada jevA graMthonA kartAoneathavA IrAnanA vAyavya khUNe AvelA kakesasa parvata RSi muniene-ApaNe zakasthAnanA vatanI hovAnuM vALA* pradezamAM hoIne, AryaprajAnI utpattinuM sthAna jaNAvI gayA chIe ane te zakasthAna te koI tyAMja rahevuM joIe evI kalpanA karAI che. tyAra pachI bIjuM sthAna nahiM paNa vartamAna samaye aphagAnityAMthI, te prajAnAM ToLeToLAM maLIne jIvananI jarUrI- stAnanA neRtya khUNumAM Avela hamama sarovaranI Ate meLavI levA cAre bAju vikharAvA mAMDI haze AsapAsane pradeza ke jene zistAna kahevAmAM Ave che (1) jue pu. 3 5. 392 mATe pu. 3 pR. 297 nuM varNana tathA TIkAo juo) tema (2) jue pu. 3 pR. 385thI AgaLa. keTalIka vakhata ADe raste deravanAra paNa nIvaDayAM che (jemake (3) uccAranA sAmyapaNAnAM viparIta pariNAma vize sekiTasa te caMdragupta nathI paNa azokavana che. juo nIcenuM TIpaNuM naM. 6 juo. pu. 2mAM tenuM vRttAMta: Adradeza te AdriATika samudra taTa (4) pu. 3 pR. 392 pradeza nathI paNa arabastAna deza che. juo pu. 1 5. (5) eka vakhata ema paNa kalpanA thaI hatI ke ezi- 20, 265) AI turkastAnamAM Avela yukreTIsa ane TAIgrIsa nadInA (7) juo 5, 3. pR. 173 vaccenA pradezamAM ja tenuM utpattisthAna hovuM joIe. (juo (8) Arya prajAnuM utpattisthAna ane Arya prajAne nIcenI TIkA naM. 13) saMsthAna te be zabda vacceno taphAvata A uparathI samajI (6) uccAranA sAmya upara racAyelAM anumAne keTalIka razakAze. sarakhA nIcenI TIka naM. 10 vakhata sAcAM ane kAryasAdhaka paNa nIvaDayAM che (TAMta (9) jue pu. 3 5. 1739

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120. huNa ane kuzAna [ navama khaMDa teja che, ema ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe. eTale laI hiMdamAM praveza kare paDyo hato. eTale ke jyAre te apekSAthI te sthAnane paNa A home of the paNa teone hiMdamAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM tyAre upara Aryans kahI zakAya tema che ja. A uparathI ema sUcavyA pramANene ja rasto levo paDayo hato. ane paNa sAbita thAya che ke Arya prajAnI utpatti10 A pradeza paNa jaMbudvIpamAMja (juo pu. 3mAM pR. bhale koI amuka sthAne ja thaI gaNe, chatAM tyAMthI 128thI AgaLanuM varNana) Avela hovAthI dUNaprajAne tenAM judAM judAM ToLAM baMdhAIne judI judI dizAmAM paNa AryaprajAnA eka aMza tarIke ja ApaNe lekhavI vikherAvavA mAMDela levA joIe, ema lakhavuM paDaze. rahe che. temAMnuM eka kaoNkesasa parvatavALA pradezamAM gayuM haze. kazAna prajAnuM mULasthAna kayAM hatuM te haju sudhI vaLI bIjI yukreTIsa nadIvALA pradezamAM jamAvaTa cokkasapaNe jaNAyuM nathI paNa tenuM saraNa je mArga karI paDela haze tema trIjuM A zakasthAnavALA pradezamAM thaIne hiMdamAM thayuM che te uparathI nizaka kahI zakAya paNuM utarI paDela haze ema kahI zakAze. tema che ke hiMdukuzanI pelI pAra te sthaLa hevuM joIe. ATaluM vivecana AryaprajAnA eka be vibhAganuM pachI te madhya eziyAnA turkastAna tarapha paNa hoya jaNAvI gayA bAda have ApaNe kuzAna ane dUNa ke himAlayanI uttare khoTAna ane tibeTanA pradezamAM prajAnA janmasthAna bAbatanI vicAraNuM karavA vaLIe. paNa hoya. keTalIka hakIkatathI ema anumAna cakkasa A dUNa prajAne hiMdukuza parvata taraphanI prajA paNe baMdhAya tema che ke te tibeTanA pradezamAM ja hoI tarIke lekhavAmAM Ave che. ane upara jaNAvI gayA ke jyAre keTalIka hakIkata ema paNa sAbitI Ape pramANe AryaprajAnAM traNa ToLAM judI judI dizAmAM che ke, himAlayanI uttarane badale te madhya eziyAmAM jema patharAI gayAM hatAM tema A prajA paNa hiMdukuza vasatI prajAja haze. vizeSa zodhakhoLathI game te parvatanI uttara ane pUrva dizAmAM vasatI hevAthI tathA sthAna nirNita thAya paraMtu eTaluM te nakkI thAya che ja te parvatanuM bhItara cIrIne hiMdamAM AvavAno koI mArga ke daNa prA ane kuzAna prajA banne judI judI ja na hevAthI prathama tene pitAnA sthAnathI pazcima dizAe che. (vaLI AgaLanA pArigrAphe varNana vAMce) ane vaLavuM paDayuM hatuM ane te bAda dakSiNa taraphane mArga jyAre judI judI ja che tyAre temanAM vastI sthAna . (10) utpattisthAna eTale, tyAMthI temane janma thaye, pahelAMnAM vRttAMte. temAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, temane cInAI te pahelAM tyAM vastine sarvathA abhAvaja hatuM ema nahIM; zahenazAha sAtha lehI saMbaMdha bAMdhavAnI vRtti utpanna paNu utpattisthAna eTale hiMdu dharmanI mAnyatA pramANe thaI hatI. je pralayakALa kahyo che te kALa saMpUrNa thaye, pharIne pAchI (12) aSaNane lagatI keTalIka hakIkta AgaLanA eka thatI zarUAta, tenuM nAma utpatti. paricchede ApavAmAM AvI che. tyAM ema sAbita thayuM che ane jainadharma pramANe kALacakrano eka bhAga, jene ke, ca9Ne A kuzanavaMzI prajAnA kSatrapa tarIke potAnuM utsapiNi ane avasapiNikALa kahevAya che juo 5. jIvana zarU karyuM che ane te kuzAna prajAnAja zikane anusaryo 1 pariccheda 5helAmAM varNana) tevA pratyeka kALanI samApti che. matalaba ke te pote kema jANe kuzAna prajAne ja sabhya heya. thaIne, bIjAne prAraMbha thAya che te vaccenA aMtarano samaya pu. 2 pR. 57thI 63mAM kayAMka kayAMka caThaNane hUNa prajAne tenuM nAma utpatti. hevAnuM meM jaNAvyuM che temAM have pheraphAra karavA jarUra lAge che. bAkI te duniyA pateja anaMta gaNAya che. eTale kadApI vaLI ca9NanA sikkAone AdhAre te prajAnuM sthAna maLyateno aMta Avyo nathI ane AvavAno paNa nathI emaja eziyAnA turkastAnavALA bhAgamAM meM jaNAvyuM che. juo kahI zakAya. eTale tenI utpattino savAla ja raheto nathI. pu. 2 pR. 57 thI 63 tathA pu. 3 pR. 402 upara A (1) AgaLa upara ja vImA kaDakasIjha ane kaniSka naM. 102 nA sikkAnuM varNana)

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prathama pariccheH ] paNa judAMja hAvAM joie. paraMtu te sthAna jaMbUdvIpamAM hAvAthI te prajAne paNa Arya tarIkeja kabUla rAkhavI paDaze. prajA tarIke 121 pradeza 3. zasthAna-zistAna 4. hiMdukuza parvatanI uttara--pUrva dizAvALA pradeza ane 5. madhya eziyAnA pradeza. A pAMcamAMnA prathamanAM enA mULapradezanI gaNanA, zAkadvIpamAM ane chellA traNanI gaNanA, jaMbUdvIpamAM karI zakAya tema che. eTale te traNa vizeja ApaNe te prazna vicArA rahe che. A traNe pradezane je utpattinAM sthAna (athavA vadhAre spaSTapaNe kahIe te| Arya prajAnAM sasthAna) tarIke svIkArI laI e, te| ApaNI kuraja eTale AvIne aTakI paDatI gaNAze, je ApaNe TrAi eka evuM sthaLa sAmAnyapaNe nakkI karavuM ke jyAMthI te prajAnA vibhAga bhinna bhinna dizAmAM prayANa karI, uparanAM traNe sthAna upara pAMtapAtAnAM saMsthAnA vasAvavA gayAnuM kahI zakAya. sahajapaNe uccArI javAya che ke, te sthAna madhya eziyAnA turkastAnanA je bhAgamAM, kheAkhArA ane marva nAme zaherA AvyAM che ane jyAM mIThAM pANIthI bharacaka ela samudra-sarezavara14-Avela che tathA jemAM ekasasa ane Amu nadInAM pANI ThalavAya che, te pradeza heAvA sabhava che. vaLI prAcIna samayanA jaMkhUdbIpanI madhyamAM AvI rahela (vaidika tathA jaina dharmanA maMtavya pramANe ) merU parvatanuM sthAna, A maryuM zaheranI AsapAsanA pradezamAM ja heAvAnI je mArI mAnyatA baMdhAI che ane te pramANe tene sAbita karI che (jue pu. 3 mAM jaMbUdvIpane lagatI hakIkata pR. 128 thI AgaLa) te paNa ATaluM vivecana karIne have mULa praznane vicAra karavA upara vAcaka vargane mAre laI javA paDe che. pu. 3 mAM jaNAvAi gayuM che ke jaMbudrIpa ane zAkadvIpa vaccenuM joDANa, kAspIana samudrathI sIdhI lITI dAratAM jyAM AgaLa te rAnI akhAtanA gvAdara nA; baMdara (jue pu. 3 pR. 136 sAme ceDela AkRti naM. 22mAM a va nAmanI lITI) ne maLe che te pradezanA sthAnane13 kahI zakAya; ane eTaluM tA cokkasaja che ke Arya praznanuM mULasthAna jaMbUThThIpamAMja hatuM, nahi ke zAkadvIpamAM. eTale sAra e thayeA ke mULasthAna tarIke ApaNe zodhIne je sthApita karavuM rahe che te, upara dArelI lITInI pUrva tarapha ja. eTale ke jaMkhuThThIpanI dizAmAMja-hAvuM joie. ATalI vastusthiti nakkI karI nAkhyA bAda ApaNe uparanA muddAemAM jaNAvI gayA pramANenA-Arya prajAnAbhinna bhinna utpatti sthAnanI (Homes of the Aryans) hakIkatane joDIzuM, te turata ja ApaNA praznanA ukela maLI jaze. Arya prajAnAM cAra pAMca TALAnAM sthAna ApaNe atyAra sudhImAM sUcavyAM kahevAya; jevAM ke, 1. kokesasa parvatanA pradeza 2. yukreTIsa-TAigrIsanadI vALA (13) athavA kAspIana samudrathI lITI dorI, irAnI akhAta uparanA khasarA ane kAleTa baMdarane meLavA ane te lITIvALA pradezane te sthAna kahe! (jIe pu. 3 pR. 136 sAmenI AkRti na. 22mAM 3 vALI rekhA)H Akhane ekaja sthAna lagabhaga gaNAya tema che. eTale A praznanA nirNAya upara AvavAmAM bahu phera paDavA saMbhava nathI. traNa lITInA pradeza ne gaNavAmAM Ave te yukreTIsa ane TAigrIsa nadInA mukhavALA bhAga ke jyAM bagadAda ane khasarA nAmanAM zahera AvyAM che tene paNa AnI utpa ttinuM sthAna gaNI zakAze (jIe uparanI TIkA naM. 5 ). keTalAka vidvAneAnA mata pramANe SemeticOrigin-semeTIka erIjInanA bhASAne lagatA siddhAMta je A utpatti tarIke 12 gaNAya che te A kalpanAnusAra gaNI zakAya. (14) vyAkhyA pramANe te tene sAvaraja kahI zakAya tema che, kemake samudranuM pANI kadApI paNa mIThuM heAi zakatuM nathI. paNa sAmAnya sarAvarA karatAM ene vistAra ati mATe| hAvAthI keTalAka tene samudra tarIke oLakhAve che. jyAre pANI mIThuM che (te eka viziSTatA thai) temaja sAvaramAMthI sAmAnyapaNe nadIe nIkaLe che paNa tene maLatI nathI, tyAre ahI teA e meATI nadIe A erala sAvarane maLe che. (A khIjI viziSTatA thaI). A prakAre khekhe tenI viziSTatA heAvAthI ema sAmAnyapaNe dhArI zakAya ke te sthAna kAMIka viziSTa mahattvanuM hAvuM joie.

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112 [ navama khaMDa A prakAranI vicAraNAmAMthI ja udbhava thavA pAmI che. temaja hiMdu hisTarI (i. sa. pU. 3000 thI I. sa. 1200 sudhInA samayanI)nA lekhakanA maMtavyathI 5 A mArI mAnyatAnuM samarthana thAya che. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke "Bactria, now Rusiatic Turke* stan was our Balhika or Bakshu Desa a home of the Aryans in Central Asia= hAlamAM ziAI turkastAna kahevAtA, ekaTrIAvALA bhAgane asalamAM bAhIka athavA adbhu deza kahevAtA, ane madhya eziyAmAMnI Arya prajAnuM sasthAna te ja hatuM." gaNuAya, chatAM nIce jaNAvela keTalIka hakIkatane AdhAre temane eka prajA haiAvAnuM hUNa ane kuzAna thADA vakhata meM mAnI lIdhuM hatuM. eka ke bhinna bhinna? (1) kemake temanA vize kAI prakAranI vizeSa mAhitI te upalabdha thayela nathIja chatAM je thaiDuM ghaNuM ApaNA jANavAmAM AvyuM che, temAM te krUSNu ane kuzAna bannenAM vasatI sthAna himAlayanI pelI pAra hAvAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. temaja baMnenA zarIreAnA vAna sapheda raMganA manAyA che. tema aMte laDAyaka ane zUravIra prajA hAine hiMdu upara caDhI AvI temaNe bannee rAjasattA hAtha karI. lIdhI che. (2) uparAMta khI eka sabaLa kAraNa e maLyuM hatuM ke caNune meM kuzAnavaMzI nakhIrA mAnI lIdheA hateA, kemake caNunAM sikkAcitrane AdhAre te praznanuM vartana paNa madhya eziyAmAM sAbita thazela che: vaLI rAjatara`giNikAra jevA prakhara ane pramANika ItihAsavide kuzAnavaMzI prajAne ( kAzmIrapati kaniSka, haviSNu ane AkhIye carcAne tAtpa e thaye| ke, (1) jaMkhUddIpanuM madhyabiMdu jene prAcIna zAstrakAre e merU paryaMtanuM nAma ApyuM che tenuM sthAna madhya eziyAmAM Avela erala sarAvara vALA pradezamAM AvyuM saMbhave che. 16 (2) te pradezamAM ma ane khAkhIrA jevAM zaherA AvI rahela che. (3) te pradezane A prajAnuM mULa utpatti sthAna gaNAI zakAya tathA (4) tyAMthI teo samaya jate peAtAnI AjI-nuSyanuM varNana karatAM karatAM ) Turushka i. e. vikA meLavI levA mATe judAM judAM TALAM anIte cAre dizAmAM phelAI gayela hAvAM joie. mArA A nirNaya acaLaja raheze ema huM kahetA paNa nathI. paraMtu A dRSTibiMdu raju karUM chuM te evI umedathI ke tenI virUddhamAM jatI dalIlA bahAra pADavAmAM Ave. eTale jyAM sudhI te pramANenuM virUddha jatuM maMtavya sAbita na thAya tyAM sudhI meM khatAvela nirNaya hAla turata ApaNe strIkArIne kAma lIdhe jai e te anucata nahIM gaNAya. Turkish nationalitynA jaNAvyA che18. eTale ke kuzAnavaMzI prajAne madhya eziyAnA turkastAnamAMnI kAI prajAmAMthI utarI AvyAnuM manAvyuM che. matalaba ke ekaja pradezamAMthI baMne prajA [ caNavALI ane kuzAnavaMzanI] udbhavelI heAine temane eka tarIke mAnI lIdhI hatI.temAM vaLI(3) kuzAnavaMzI bAdazAha kaniSkanI sAtheja, caNunI eka mUrti mathurA pAsenA mATa nAme gAmamAMthI 9 maLI AvI che tethI (4) tathA niSka je saMvata lAvyA che teneja Azraya cahuvaMzIe lIdhA che20 tethI; A pramANenA e prasaMgenI smRti jyAre joDavAmAM AvI tyAre te anumAnane vizeSa puSTi hUNa ane kuzAna jyAM anne mATe judA judAja sameAdhana vaparAya che tyAM temane eka hAvAnuM mAnI levuM te behuduja (15) jue hiM, hiM. pR. 628 (16) A sa` hakIkata pustaka trInamAM sapUrNa paNe samajAvI che tenA adhikAra mATe tyAM pR. 132thI AgaLanuM varNana juo. (17) vicAramAM levA jevI AvI eka e hakIkata mAre kAne AvI che. jenA ullekha A pustakanI prAstimAM karyA che. (18) jIe pu. 2 pR. 403 (19) AgaLanA paricchede nu, (20) AgaLanA paricchede jI.

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prathama paricacheda 1 eka ke bhinna bhinna? 123 maLI gaI hatI. te uparathI caNa ane kaniSThavaMzIone bAMdhA tathA kaivata tene anusarIne baMdhAyelAM hevAM kazAnavaMzI TharAvI dIdhA.vaLI upara darzAvelI naMbara 1nI joIe, temaja te sarvenA keTalAka AcAra vicAra paNa dalIlamAM hUNa ane kuzAna prajAne paNa eka hovAnI kadAca arasaparasa maLatA AvatA hovA saMbhava che. mAnyatA baMdhAI hatI. eTale siddhAMttanA pelA prasiddha tethI teo eka bIjAne vizeSa maLatA thaI jatA niyama pramANe (By rule of axiom) cappaNane ApaNane dekhAI Ave tevuM paNa banavA yogya che. keTaleka ThekANe (juo, uparanA paNa naM. 12 mAM A sarva vastu paristhitithI ApaNe kadAca ema TAMkeluM pu. 3 pR. 63 nuM pramANa) hRNa prajAnA eka anumAna derI jaie ke, kuzanavaMzI saradAra saradAra tarIke meM vaNavyo che. paNa have vizeSa abhyA kaDaphasIjha pahelAne yucI sahita 25 je pAMca prajAnA sathI tathA saMzodhananA pariNAme jaNAya che ke saradAratarIke ItihAsa lekhakoe 21 oLakhAvyo che, te cappaNanA rikAre 1 kizAnavaMzInA sikkAothI pAMca prajA A pramANe banelI haze. eka cinanI taddana 22 judAMja citro raju kare che. temaja kuzAna yucI, bIjI tibeTa athavA AsapAsa pradezanI kuzAna, vaMzIone bhale amuka ItihAsakAroe turkastAnanI trIja pAmIra ane khoTAnanI daNa. olAdanA kahyA hoya, paraMtu temanAM jIvanacaritro eziyAmAMnI cakkaNavALI, ane pAMcamI bekaTrIA uparathI te 24 teo cInanA zahenazAha sAthe ja rAjyanI nAmazeSa prajA enaH to tevuM anumAna bahu vizeSa ne vizeSa lehI saMbaMdhamAM joDAI gaela hoya asaMbhavita gaNAze nahIM. evuM dekhAya che. tathA temanAM sikkAcitro anya upara pramANenA saMga AdhAre jyAre te sarve koI citrane maLatAM haze ke kema te kahevuM che ke hAla kaThIna bhinna bhinna prajA hovAnuM ApaNe anumAna derI te ja, chatAM sAmAnya dRSTithI ema AbhAsa AvI zakyA chIe, tyAre bIjI bAjuthI dUNa prajAnI jAya tevA che ja, ke teo cinAI rabaDhabane kema jANe keTalIka khAsiyatanuM varNana, ApaNane je upalabdha vizeSapaNe maLatA thaI jatAM hoya naha! tyAre pUrva thAya che, te uparathI paNa ApaNe tAravela anumAnane bAMdhela anumAna pheravavo ja rahe che ane evA vicAra puSTi maLatI jAya che. te varNana pu. 3 pR. 390 upara AvavuM rahe che ke (1) cilDaNavaMzI prajA madhya nI TIkA naM. 21 mAM uddata karela che. chatAM yAda eziyAmAMthI utarI AvI haze (2) kuzanavaMzIo dAsta tAjI karavA, atra te pharIne utArIzuM. te zabdo tibeTa athavA to cInanI sAthe bahuja nikaTa saMparkamAM A pramANe che. "hiMdanI badhI praNAlI kathAo AvatI prajAnA pradezamAMthI utarI AvI haze (3) mihiragulane (te dUNa prajAne saradAra che tethI dUNa tathA dUNa prajA himAlayanI pelI pAranA paNa hiMdu prajAnuM varNana che ema ApaNe samajavuM) lehI tarasyA kuzanI lagolaga Avela pAmIra athavA khATAnavALA ane sItamagara tarIke varNavavAmAM saMmata thAya che. prakAzamAMthI AvI haze. teo khetara ane gAmaDAM AgathI bALatAM ane keAI, A pramANe traNene ahiMdI-himAlayanI pelI pAranA paNa jAtanA viveka vagaranI kaleAmathI lehIthI pradezanI-varatIyANa tathA pArvatIya, zItapradezI kahI relAyelAM jotAM, bhayavismata thayelA lokone e dunenAM zakAze. teo sarva pavata-pradeza hovAthI temanAM zarIranAM saMkhyA. baLa, jhaDapI gati tathA nivArI zakAya (21) jue pu. 2 sikakAcitra 5Ta 2 AMka naM. 42 tathA tene sikA citro paTa naM. 5mAM aMka naM. 85 thI 90 sAthe sarakhAve. (22) uparanI TIkA naM. 20 juo.. (23) uparanI TI. naM. 18 juo, (24) temanAM vRttAMte AgaLanA paricachede jAo (25) pu. 3 pR. 182 tathA 329 (26) a, hi, . 4thI AvRtti pR. 213

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kuzAna sattAne tathA [ navama khaMDa evI ritAne anubhava thaze. A badhA kharA bhayamAM zarIranA varNanamAM paNa teo bhinna ja tarI jatA temane tINo avAja, jaMgalI cALA, tathA IsArA dekhAya che. ane temanA vicitra beDoLapaNAthI nIpajatAM vismaya kuzAna prajAne samaya tathA temanI rAjasattAnI ane tIvra aNagamAnI lAgaNIthI umere thatA hatA, tulanAne nirNaya karavAmAM saraLatA thaI paDe te mATe bAkInI manuSya jAtithI teo temanA pahoLA khabhA, temanA itihAsane prAraMbha karatAM - capaTAM nAka tathA mAthAmAM uDI utarI gayelI nAnI kuzAna sattAne pahelAM, uparanA prakaraNomAM 'kALI AMkhothI judA paDatA hatA ane lagabhaga tathA rAjya sAbita thaI cUkelI keTalIka nahIM jevI dADhI hovAthI temanAmAM jAvAnInI mardAnagI kALane nirNaya prastAvika hakIkata vAcakagaNanI bharI zobhA ke ghaDapaNane AdaraNIya dekhAva nahotA smaraNa zaktine tAjI karavA jovAmAM Avatejema A dRNa prajAnA zarIranA lakhI jaNAvavAnI jarUra dekhAya che. ItihAsa sAkSI caherAnuM ane bAhya dekhAvanuM varNana maLI AvyuM che Ape che ke temanI sattAna madhyAhukALa uttarahiMdanA tema cahnaNavaMzanuM ke kazAnavaMzanuM che ke maLI AvatuM sUrasena dezamAM thayA hatA ane tenI rAjadhAnI nathI ja, chatAM temanAM je sikkAcitro maLI AvyAM mathurAnagarImAM hatI. eTale temanA mULasthAnathI che, te uparathI te spaSTa paNe mAluma paDI Ave che. mathurA sudhI pahoMcavAmAM, vace AvatA pradeza upara, atre te sarvenAM citra upajAvI kADhI sAthe sAthe kayA kayA samaya sudhI kaI kaI prajAne-pachI te joDI batAvyAM che te uparathI vAcakavargane sahaja hiMdI hoya ke ahiMdI hoya tevI bannenArAjaamala khyAla AvI jaze ja ke, hUNa prajAnI bAhyAvRti cAlI rahyo hato, tene khyAla najara AgaLa nathI kaI prakAre maLatI AvatI cakkaNa jAtivALA rAkhIzuM te A kazAna prajAne amala hiMdamAM sAthe ke nathI AvatI kuzanavaMzI vALA sAthe. mata- kayArathI baLavAna thavA pAmyo hato te turata zodhI laba ke, AgaLa varNavI gayA pramANe jema nivAsa kaDhAze. eTale te vize TUMka paricaya ApaNe ApI sthAnane aMge teo judA paDI jAya che, tema daIe. te A pramANe che:samaya sattAdhikArI pradeza (1) i. sa. pU. 327 thI 3 grIka bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhanA subAo , A paMjAba upara 317 sudhI = 10 varSa che ke tArA ' hiMdu rAjavIo-temAM samrATa priyadarzinanA paMjAba tathA (2) i. sa. pU. 317 thI putra jAlauka ane tenA vaMzajo kAzmira upara I. sa. pU. 190 sudhI ( samrATa priyadarzina, jAlaukanA vaMzajo ane savAso varSa sUrasena upara chevaTe zuMgavaMzI samrATa kSaharATa ane bekaTrIana nAme prajA; temAM khuda paMjAba ane (3) I. sa. pU. 190 thI ! bAdazAha tarIke, yutheDIsa, DimeTrIasa sUrasena I. sapU. 70 sudhInA ane minenDara; uparAMta temanA sUbAonAM 120 varSomAM nAme gaNe te, hagAma hagAmAza, rAjIvula, seDAsa, lIaka ane pAtika (4) i. sa. pU. 70 thI ! iDe-pAthIana rAjA mejhIjha, tathA tene paMjAba ane i. sa. 45 sudhInA vaMzajomAMnA, ajhIjha pahele, ajhIlIjha, | sUrasena 115 varSamAM ajhIjha bIjo, tathA geDekAranesa upara

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prathama pariccheda ] rAjyakALane nirNaya 125 I. sa. pU. 327 thI I. sa. 45 sudhInA lagabhaga tene samaya karyo hato ? eTale ApaNe hiMdanI vAyavya 375 varSanA gALAmAM uttara hiMdanA sattAdhArI " sarahadanI lagolaga Avela dezano vicAra karavo paDaze. rAjAo kaNa kaNa thavA pAmyA hatA te A uparathI tevA dezomAM aphagAnistAna, tenI uttare bekaTrIA joI zakAze; A eka hakIkata che. jayAre bIjI ane tenI pUrva tarapha kheTAna tathA tenI paNa pUrvamAM hakIkata ema che ke, kuzanavaMzIo potAnI sattAnA tibeTanA pradezo Avela gaNAya; have jo A prAMta zikhare mathurApati banavA pAmyA hatA. A pramANe upara keNa keNa rAjaya karatuM hatuM tene vicAra karIzuM be vastusthiti ApaNI pAse raju thayelI che. tema te jANa thaze ke, A cAramAMnA pahelA be deze upara e paNa nirvivAdita che ke, teo mULavatanI hiMdanA (eTale aphagAnistAna ane bekaTrIA upara) uparanA to nathI ja. eTale e paNa nirvivAdita paNe sAbita cAra samaya patrakamAM darzAvela prathamanI traNa sattAvALA thayuM gaNAze ja ke jyAre teo mathurApati banavA bhUpatione ja amala pradiptapaNe I. sa. pU. 75 pAmyA che tyAre temane hidanI aMdara praveza kara sudhI to khIlI nIkaLyo hato. eTale te samaya sudhI ja rahyo. ane hiMdamAM praveza karavAne, uttara dizAmAM paNa kuzAnaprajAnuM nAma nizAna te pradeza upara nahetuM te himAlaya ane hiMdukuza parvata paDayA che. eTale ema siddha thayuM. tyAre pachI rahyA vicAravAnA bAkInA hiMdukuza pharIne ja temane AvavuM rahe che. tema pu. 3 be pradeza, khATAna ane tibeTa. te zuM A kuzAnaprajA mAM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, jene mathurA ke A be dezamAMnA keInI vasAhata hatI ke kema ? te dilhI AvavuM hoya tene ( phAve to kAzmiramAM pahele tapAsavuM rahe che. Ave ke sIdhAja paMjAbamAM utare to paNa ) paMjAbamAM ahIM ApaNane eka be ItihAsa lekhake e je thaIne ja pasAra thavuM paDe te vinA chUTake nahIM. kAMIka vicAro darzAvyA che temanA zabda uparathI ATalI vastusthiti sAthe upara batAvelA cAra bAtamI maLe che. temAMnA eka graMthakAre lakhyuM che ke samayapatraka upara najara pheravI jaIzuM, te mAlUma Hindu Puranas called them (KushanpaDaze ke, te saghaLA deza upara, kAI ne kAI prajAnI Tochati people) Tushars or Tukharas; sattA avicchina paNe cAlu ja che; vaLI eTaluM of the 13 or 14 Tushara kings, we paNa nakkI ja che ke eka samaye eka pradeza upara know the names of only four:-KaniekanI ja hakumata heI zake. eTale te paNa ekkasa shka Havishka, Juska and Vasudev or thayuM ke, I. sa. 45 sudhInA kALamAM te kuzAna Vasushka hiMdu purANamAM temane (kezAna-carI prajA hiMdamAM pagaluM sarakhuM mUkavI paNa zakitavAna thaI prajAne) tukhAra tarIke oLakhAvyA che. 13 ke nathI. bhale pachI teo hiMdanA sImA prAMtamAM game 14 (zAra bhUpatiomAMthI mAtra cAranAM ja nAmathI teTalI majabUta sattA jamAvIne paDAva nAMkhI beThA ApaNe paricita chIe. jevAM ke kaniSka, haviSka, hoya te ja ja prazna kahevAya, paraMtu hiMdamAM to juska ane vAsudeva urpha vasuzke. eTale ema thayuM temanuM nAma nizAna nahotuM ja, te zaMkArahita che. ke. kaniSka, havika vigerene purANakAroe tuSAra te prazna e upasthita thAya che ke, teo hiMdamAM athavA tukhAra jAtinA 28 TharAvyA che. vaLI bIjA AvyA te pahelAM, temanI sattA kayA pradezamAM hatI ane graMthakAra prakhyAta mi. vinsenTa smitha jaNAve che ke (27) hiM. hi, pR. 653 darzAvyA che eTale ApaNI te muMjhavaNa naSTa thaI jAya (28) je kaniSka, haviSka vigerenAM nAmaja temaNe na che. ane tuzAra teja kuzAna ema nizcita mAnI levuM lakhyAM hota te te vicAra thayAM karata ke, kuzAna ane rahe che. tuzAne koI saMbaMdha haze ke kema ! paNa nAma spaSTa (29) juo a. hi. I. 4thI AvRtti pU. ra93

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kuzAnasattAne tathA [ navama khaMDa "Formation of five Yue-chi-principa- II... Kadphasis II died in Sir B. C. lities including Kushan & Bamiah... 110 and Kunishka Kushan accession consolidation of the above five king- Cir B. C. 120... InDIpArthIana sattAne doms into one Kushan Empire under nAza ane uttara hiMdanI kaDaphasIjhe dhIme dhIme Kadphisis l" kuzAna ane bAmiyAha sahita karelI chata...kaDaphasIjha pahelAnuM I. sa. pU. yucI prajAnA pAMca saMsthAnI upasthiti...kaDasijha 110nI AsapAsamAM maraNa ane kaDaphasIjha bIjAnuM pahelAnA jhaMDA nIce kuzana sAmrAjya takIke uparanA gAdIe besavuM; tathA kuzanavaMzI kaniSkanuM i. sa. pAMce saMsthAnonuM saMgaThThana thavAthI... vinsenTa smithanAM pU. 120nI AsapAsa gAdIe besavuM?"..." A be vAkathI vastusthiti vizeSa spaSTa thaI jAya eTale ke banne samuha (eka kaDaphasIjha pahelA ane che. prathama to yu-cI prajAnAM pAMca vibhAgo ubhAM bIjAno samuha: ane bIjo samuha kaniSka, juska thayAM hatAM. te pAMcamAMnA be vibhAganAM nAma kuzAna vigere) che te kuzAna prajAnA ja; paNa ekanI ane bAmiyA hatAM ane kALa vyatita thatAM, A samApti ane bIjAnA AraMbha vacce Azare dazeka pAMce vibhAgo ekatrita thaIne, eka majabUta sAmrAjya varSanuM aMtara paDeluM haze31 ema temanI mAnyatA banI gayuM hatuM; tathA te upara kaDaphasIjha pahelAne thAya che. jayAre bIjA graMthakAra mahAzaye mAtra eTaluM ja mattAdhikAra thaye hato. A uparathI kazAna prajAnI medhamamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke " Kushan rule utpatti jema mAluma paDI jAya che, tema tenA amuka in India (45 to 290 A. D.)=245 years: amuka rAjAonAM nAme (be samuhamAM) paNa jaNAI Their two dynasties in India were (1) jAya che. chatAM te be samuha vacce samayane kAMI Kadphisis dynasty and (2) The Tocha yo hato ke kema, athavA to lAgaloja eka ri dynasty=hiMdamAM kazAna vaMzanuM rAja (I. sa. pachI bIje samuha gAdie birAjIta thayo hato ke kema, 45thI 290 sudhI) 245 varSanuM che; temanI be zAkhA te jANavAmAM AvatuM nathI. eTale tyAM sudhI te sarvane hidamAM thaI che. (1) kaDapharIjha vaMzanI ane (2) samaya goThavavAmAM muzkelI ubhI thayA ja karavAnI. TacArI vaMzanI." A baMne graMthakAranA matanuM ekIatre paNa gUcano ukela lAvavAmAM keTaleka aMze teja karaNa karatAM eTaluM nizcita thAya che ke, bannene samuha graMthakAra mi. smithanuM kathana madadarUpa thAya tema che. ekaja prajAnA to hatA, paNa bannenI vacce aMtara temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke " Destruction of Indo- hatuM ke kema te nakkI kahI zakAtuM nathI; ane kadAca parthian power and gradual conquest aMtara hoya to te dazeka varSa jeTaluM navuM ja hovuM of North India by Kadphasis...Kadph joIe. tenuM nirAkaraNa banI zake te ApaNe pote ja asis I died, & accession of Kadphasis karI levA prayatna karIzuM. (te prayatna AgaLa upara (30) AmAM pahelAne I. sa. pU. 110 kahe che tyAre pramANeja hatuM ema A graMthakAranA AgaLa DhAMkela kaThAmAM bIjAne 120 kahe che eTale benI vaccenuM aMtara dasa varSanuM Apela AMkaDA uparathI paNa kahI zakAya tema che, juo nIce kahe che, tyAM sudhI te mAnavA yogya che. paNa pahelA pR. 128 upara koThe) athavA to 100ne badale bhUlathI banAvane je I. sa. pU. 110 kahevAya te bIjo banAva je 120 lakhAI javAyuM hoya. game tema hoya, ahI to te be dasa varSa pachI bane tene I. sa. pU. 120 nahIM paNa I. sa. vacce dasa varSanuM aMtara hatuM eTaluM ja ApaNe mAnavuM rahe che, pU. 100mAM banyAnuM lakhavuM joIe. eTale kAto I. sa. pU. (31) jIo uparanI TIkA naM. 30 ne badale I. sa.mAM banyAnuM saMthakAranuM maMtavya hoya, A (32) hiM, hi, 5, 649

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prathama pariccheda ] rAjyakALano nirNaya '. 127 karavAmAM Avyo che te juo). vinsenTa smithanA mata pramANe te A kuzAna vaMzane - temano rAyaDALa keTalo laMbAyo hato te vize prAraMbha (hiMdanI dRSTie vicAratAM ) I. sa. 120mAM kaI anumAna bAMdhI zakAya tema hoya to prathama ane aMta i. sa. 260 mAM thaye gaNAya che, paraMtu bAMdhI laI e; je ke te viSaya paratve bahu laMbANamAM te mata bahudhA svIkArya thaI paDe tema nathI te ApaNe utaravA jevuM to nathI ja, kemake te prazna A AgaLa upara vaLI jaIzuM. eTale vizeSa carcA atre puratakanI samaya maryAdA bahAra cAlI jAya che. karavI rahetI nathI. hAla to eTalo ja sAra levo paraMtu aMdAje samaya je nakkI karI levAto hAya rahe che ke A vaMzanI Adi I. sa. 50mAM ane aMta te karI levA jarUra che; kAraNa ke je nirAkaraNa I. sa. 290mAM thayo hato, jethI tene sattAkALa ApaNe meLavavuM che, te zodhavAmAM kadAca te upayogI Azire 240 varSanA kahI zakAya. paNa thAya. A pramANe eka pachI eka muddAne khIle bAMdhatAM uparanAM pRSThomAM jaNAvyA pramANe temanuM rAjya, jatAM, have temanAM nAmo tathA te sarvane anukrama hiMdamAM je vahelAmAM vaheluM thavA pAmyuM hoya to te beThavI zakAte heAya te te mATe I. sa. 45 pachI ja che. kemake ipAthIana temanI nAmAvalI prayatna karIe. upara pR. 125 mAM zahenazAha gAMDaphAranesa te sAlamAM pitAnA deza IrAna TAMkela vAkaya uparathI samajAya tarapha sIdhAvyo che. ane turata ja kAMI kuzAna vaMzanI che ke purANakAranA mata pramANe A vaMzamAM ekaMdara sattA hiMdamAM namI paDe nahIM. kamamAM kama pAMceka 13 ke 14 rAjI thayA che. temAMnAM cAra nAmo rSano samaya tene mulaka jItavAmAM gALavo paDe. eTale bIjA ( latter) samuha tarIkenAM tathA kaDaphasIjha te hisAbe A kaDakasIjha vaMzanI Adi, 50 ke te bAda pahelA ane bIje-te be nAma pahelA samuhanAM zayAnuM gaNI zakAya. tema ja tenI samApti thaI hoya te darzAvyAM che. kula maLI cha nAmano patto lAgyo kahete upara Takela eka graMthakAranA maMtavya pramANe i. sa. vAya. eTale te hisAbe pachI sAta ke ATha bAkI 290mAM thaI che; kemake temanuM kahevuM evuM thAya che ke rahyA kahevAze. ane te sarve, temaNe jaNAvela chelle " The Kusharnas held E. India till 280 nAma je vAsudevanuM che te pachI ja gAdI upara AvyA to 20 A. D., when the Guptas over hevAnuM ApaNe TharAvavuM rahe che, kemake te vaMzanA threw thet=pUrva hiMdamAM kuzAna sattA I. sa. sthApaka tarIke te kaDaphasIjha pahele ja TharI cUka 280 ke 290 sudhI rahevA pAmI che, te bAda gupta che. eTale tenI pahelAM to koIne mUkI zakAze nahIM vaMzI prajAe tene parAjaya karI nAkhe che" ja, tema be samuha vacce keTaluM aMtara che te nakkI temaja ApaNe paNa itihAsanA jJAnathI jANIe thayuM nathI-hoya te vizeSamAM vizeSa daza varSanuM saMbhave chIe ke guptavaMzI rAjAoe prathama nepALa taraphathI che. eTale teTalA samayamAM ATha rAjAno amala pasAra I. sa. 290nA arasAmAM utarI AvI, uttara hidane thaI jate mAnavuM te asaMbhavita che. te mATe je rasto tathA magadha taraphano pUrva hidane keTaleka bhAga chatI khullo rahyo te sauthI chevaTe te nAma umeravAne ja lIdho hato. ane pachI te vaMzanA trIjA purUSa caMdragupta rahe che. ane te kAMIka suyogya paNa dekhAya che; kemake urpha vikramAditya pahelAe I. sa. 719mAM guptavaMzanI mi. vinsenTa smitha jevA abhyAsIno mata paNa sthApanA karI hatI. eTale A graMthakArano mata dizAnuM ja sUcana karatA mAlUma paDe che. temaNe lakhyuM ApaNA kAma purata mAnya rAkhIzuM. jo ke mi. che ke "Later Kushan Kings = pAchaLanA (33) hiM. hi, pR. 658

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128 kuzAna sattAne tathA [ navama khaMDa kazAna rAjAo". eTale nAnI nAnI mudata sudhI te sarveno ekaMdara rAjya sattAno samaya, AkhA vaMzanI rAjya karanArAo ke baLahIna te sarva rAjAo haze samApti sudhInA samayanI maryAdA paryatanI gaNatrI karavA ema temanuM kathana thAya che. uparAMta ema paNa sUcave che ke mATe ApaNe laI javo joIze. ATale sudhInuM kArya te hajI bahu saheluM hatuM. paNa have nAmAvalI goThavavAmAM ja keTalIka muzkelI ubhI thAya tema che. mi. vinsenTa te anukrama sAthe jaNAvyA pramANe goThavyo che. 34 temAM pahelAM be nAmane -1 anukrama sarva saMmata che. te pachI kyAM I.sa. I.sa. varSa kayAM mataphera thAya che te tapAsI joIe. (1) kaDaphasIjha pahela (cir) 40 - 78 = 38 temaNe kaniSka, haviSka, ane vAsudeva (2) kArUsIjha bIje (cir) 78 - 110 = vacce gALo varSa ema anukrama mUkyo che. jyAre rAja110 - 120 = (3) kaniSka taraMgiNikAre35 tathA maurya sAmrAjyakA 120 - 160 = ItihAsanA lekhake, haviSka jIska ane (4) haviSya 160 - 182 = 22 kaniSka e pramANenuM trika te batAvyuM che (5) vAsudeva 182 - 220 = 38 paNa tenA anukramamAM, kaniSka ne upara (6) anya rAjAo 220 - 260 = 40 mUkavAne badale sauthI chelle mUkayo che. uparAMta haviSka ane kaniSkanI vacce eka juska nAmane, kaI tRtiyAMga rAjA, ghusADI dIdho che. ane te bAda vAsudevanuM nAma mUkyuM che. A bemAMthI kone mata vizeSa mAnanIya thAya tema che te tapAsIe. mi. vinsenTa smitha jema eka aThaMga ane uMDA vi hiMdu hisTarInA lekhakanA matane Take maLI rahe abhyAsI havA sAthe khUba jhINavaTathI avakana che tema taraMgiNikAranA kathanane paNa tevAja zramasevaka karanAra che tathA temanA kathanane vartamAnakALanA aiti- maurya sAmrAjyakA ItihAsanA lekhaka vidvAna mahAzayane hAsika viSayanI zodhakhoLamAM maMDI rahenAra (lagabhaga Teke che eTale ke banne madhane anya vidvAnonAM samarthana sarva vidvAne ati ucca sthAna Ape che, tema rAja- paNa che. tyAre kAno mata vadhAre svIkArya gaNo te taraMgiNikArane paNa eka vyakti tarIke bharUsAdArapAtra phUTa prazna emane ema ubhA ja rahe che. gaNavAmAM Ave che. uparAMta tenI tarapheNamAM eka eka sthiti che. tyAre bIjI hakIkata ema nIkaLe sabaLa kAraNa e umerAya che ke A kuzanavaMzI rAjAe che ke, vinsenTa mitha sAhebanA ane temanA matane jema kAzmirapatio hatA tema rAjataraMgiNinA samarthana ApanAra hiMdu hisTarInA lekhaka mahAzayanA lekhaka mahAzaya pote paNa kAzmiranAja vatanI hatA; ane ema banne vidvAnonAM pitAnAM maMtavyathI ulaTuM sUcana e te svayaMsiddha che ke, koI paNa lekhaka anya dezanI karanArAM vAkyo temanA pitAnA ja graMthomAMthI labdha hakIkata lakhavA karatAM pitAnA ja dezanI hakIkata thayAM kare che. jemake mi. smithe upara TakelI nAmAlakhavA bese, te sarva mAhitI vizeSa paNe temaja vaLImAM kaniSka, haviSka ane vAsudeva e pramANeno vizvasanIya sthaLethI te meLavI zake che. eTale tara- krama batAvyo che tyAre temaNe pote banAvela anya giNikAranuM kathana teTale darajaje vadhAre majabUta bane pustaka nAme "mathurA enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjha"mAM37 che. vaLI jema vinsenTa smithane anya itihAsa "Six bases of Buddha statues inscrib (34) a. hi. I. jethI AvRtti pR. 293 upara Apela kaThAnuM avataraNa. (35) rAjataraMgiNine taraMga pahelo pAri. 74 pR. 76 (36) mau. sA. I. pR. 654 (37) jue majakura pustaka, chapAyA tArIkha 1901 alahAbAda pR. 3

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prathama paricacheda ] rAjyakALane nirNaya 129 ed and dated in the regnal years of pitAnAM kathanamAM heraphera jatA dekhAya che, chatAM the Indo-Scythian rulers Huvishka, temanAM kathano zilAlekha jevA abhaMga AdhArene Kanishka and Vasudev=InDesithiana laIne ghaDAyAM che. jethI te maMtavyo tarachoDavA yogya rAjakartA haviSka, kaniSka ane vAsudevanA rAjyanA ke avagaNanA karavA yogya te lekhI zakAya tema amuka varSe banAvela evA zabda kotarela buddhadevanAM nathIja. eTale A badhI gUMce ane bhUlabhUlAmaNIne pUtaLAMnI i pApITha" e pramANenA zabdo vyakta eka rIte teDa nIkaLate haju sUcavI zakAya tema che. te karIne haviSka, kaniSka ane vAsudevano anukrama, maMjura ema ke, eka kaniSkane badale be kaniSka thayA hatA ema karyo che. eTale ke eka vakhata, kaniSkane prathama mukIne TharAvavuM ane temAMnA ekanI pAchaLa haviSka thayo haviSkane bIjo mUke che jyAre bIjI vakhata huviSkane hato ane bIjAnI pAchaLa vAsudeva thayo hato evuM prathama mUkI kaniSkane bIje gaNAve che. matalaba ke temanAM nakkI karavuM; tathA juska nAma najare paDe che, tene pitAnAMja bane maMtavyo niranirALAM paDI jatAM jaNAya eka vidvAne jema haviSkanuM bIjuM nAmaa9 TharAvI che. tevI ja rIte hiMdu hisTarInA lekhakanA maMtavyonuM dIdhuM che tema lekhI, prathamanA kaniSka pachI gAdIe paNa banyuM che. temaNe eka ThekANe pitAnA pustakamAM AvanAra tarIke tene svIkArI le. athavA te pR. 656 upara lakhyuM che ke, "Kanishka who tene eka svataMtra vyakti gaNIne, banne joDakAM (eka probably succeeded by one Vasishka= bAju kaniSka haviSkanuM ane bIjI bAju kaniSka kaniSkanI pachI koI eka vAsiSTha gAdIe Avyo vAsudevanuM) nI vacce goThavavo. A pramANe goThavaNa thAya hoya te vizeSa banavA yogya che." jyAre AgaLa te sarve vidvAnene satya TharAvavAne ApaNe anumAnIka cAlatAM pR. 658 upara jaNAve che ke "Kanishka athavA vyavahArika teDa sUcavyo kahevAya. paraMtu jyAM sudhI was succeeded by Juska, about whom tene pramANika ane sabaLa tathA atUTa purAvAthI we know very little=kanikanI pachI jIska38 sAbita karI na zakAya tyAMsudhI siddhAMta tarIke kabUla gAdIe beThA che, jenA vize ApaNe bahuja gheDI naja karI levAya. eTale te prazna AgaLa upara mulatavI mAhitI dharAvIe chIe" matalaba ke eka vakhata rAkhI hAla te taraMgiNikArane mata vajanadAra gaNIne kaniSkanI pAchaLa gAdIe besanAra tarIke vasiSka lakhe temanI nAmAvalI A pramANe goThavIzuM. (1) kaDapha sIjha che, tyAre bIjI vakhata haviSkane lekhe che. A pramANe pahelo (2) kaDaphIsIjha bIja uphe vImA kaDaphasIjha temanAM banne maMtavyo paNa heraphera paDI jatAM dekhAya (3) kaniSka (4) juka (5) kaniSka (6) vAsudeva che. jethI karIne eka pakSamAM ubhA rahetA banne ane te bAda, nAma nahIM jaNAyelA sAtathI ATha vidvAno-mi. smitha ane sTarInA lekhaka- rAjAo; A pramANe TharAvIne kAma letAM badhuM ThIka pitAnAMja vacanamAM anizcita rUpa dhAraNa karatA dekhAya to lAge che. chatAMye keTalIka muzkelIo tathA asaMgatatA che. jyAre bIjA pakSanA vidvAno vize, tevI sthiti ubhI thayAM kare cheja ane tene ukela jyAMsudhI na mAlUma nathI paDatI. teTalA mATe A bIjA pakSano mata karAya, tyAMsudhI TharAvelI A nAmAvalIne paNa sAcA vizeSa vajanadAra lekho paDaze. chatAM ApaNe eTalo dIlathI te svIkAra karI ja zakAya; eTale te te svIkAra kare ja rahe che ke, mi. smitha bhale muzkelIo dUra karavAno prayatnazIla thavuM ja rahe che. (38) ahIM juka eTale temane lakhavAno muddo huvi- jIska tarIke temaNe lakhyo che. kare che, kemake pR. 656thI 158 sudhI badhuM varNana temaNe (39) juo uparanuM TIpaNa naM. 38 haviSkanA nAme ja lakhe rAkhyuM che. matalaba ke haviSkane ja 17

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130. bIjI muzkelIo [ navama khaMDa je muzkelIo ke asaMgatatA mArI najare khAvAyo che. eTale ke kaDapharasIjha bIjAne ane kaniSkane caDI AvI che te A saMbaMdha, kAM pitAputrane heya ke anya rIte paNa heya; bIjI muzkelIo pramANe che - game te prakArane haiya, paNa jyAre teno vicAra ane tene ukela (1) "sTena kAnAuna karIe chIe tyAre uparanI dalIla naM. 1mAM uThAvelA kharoSThI bhASAnA zilA- vAMdhA karIne atra paNa upasthita thAya cheja. le" nAmaka pustakanAM pR. 162mAM ArA gAmanA (3) ArAnA zilAlekhamAM (uparanI dalIla naM. zilAlekhanuM varNana che temAM "mAravA - 1 mAM TAMkela che te) vasiSe mahArAjAdhirAjanI tirAMkaca jevaputraza sara kolAhya upAdhi pitAne lagAvelI che; ane te zabdo zilAputraya nira=mahArAja rAjAdhirAja devaputra lekhamAM kotarAyelA che eTale zaMkArahitane purAvo gaNo kaisarvaSkanA putra kaniSkano" AvA zabdo che rahe che rAjA pote ja jyAre mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI eTale ke varSonA putra tarIke kaniSkane oLakhAvyo dhAraNa karyAnuM ullekhe che, tyAre vastusthiti ema sUcave che. jyAre ApaNe te upara goThavela nAmAvalImAM che ke pote gAdIpati banyo che ja joIe; ane naM. 3 kaniSka naM. 4 juSka ane naM. 5 kaniSka ema tema hoya to ApaNe dharma ja che ke, tenuM nAma kuzAna goThavIe chIe. ane tene artha ema thAya che ke vaMzanA rAjAnI nAmAvaLImAM alaMkRta karavuM joIe ja. juSkanI pachI kaniSka gAdIe beThe che eTale ke (4) rAjA kaniSkanA kAtarAvela sarva zilAlekha juSka ane kaniSkanI vacce kAM te pitA putrane tapAsIzuM che, tenA nAma sAthe joDelI nAnAmAM saMbaMdha hoya vA anya koI saMbaMdha paNa hoya. jo nAnI AMka saMkhyA traNanI che.*2 ane TAmAM putrane saMbaMdha hoya te pachI jAnkano putra kaniSka moTI mAkanI che. eTale ema sAra thayo ke, thayo, ane juka eTale huvika ema lakhAyuM che kanaka nAmano rAja, traNathI mAMDIne sATha varasa eTale te, kaniSka te vAsiSkano putra na thaye 5Na sudhI haiyAta hatuM ja. jyAre AkhA kuzAna vaMzanI haviSkano putra thayo ane pitA putrane badale anya vaMzAvaLI tapAsI joIzuM ( jayAM sudhI jANavAmAM saMbaMdha lekhIe te prazna e thaze ke lekhamAM darzAvela AvI che tyAM sudhInI ) te temAMnA koI paNa rAjAne kaniSkane pitA je vAsiSka che, te koNa? temaja rAjyakALa teTalo badhe dIrdhakALa cAlyo hovAnuM tene putra jayAre gAdIpati thayo che te te pote kyAM jaNAtuM nathI. lAMbAmAM lAMbe 40 varSane ja jaNAya gayo ane tenuM nAma zA mATe kaI nAmAvalImAM che. eTale te nAmanI eka ja vyakti je thaI hoya gotyuM nathI jaDatuM? (ke pachI TI. naM 37mAM jene te. 60 varSa jeTalA kALa sudhI teNe 2jaya calAvyuM zuSka tarIke lekhAvyo che ane haviSka TharAvI dIdho hoya ema mAnI levAne hRdaya jarA acakAya che. che tenuM nAma ja vAsiSka hatuM?) A sivAya ke, te ekadama nAnI umare gAdIe be (2) atyAra sudhI je nAmAvaLI kuzAna vaMzanI hoya ane tenA nAmanI ANa pharI rahI hoya. vizeSa mAnanIya thaI paDI che temAM, kaDapharasIjha bIjAnI (5) vaLI je je zilAlekhomAM kuzanavaMzI pachI gAdIe AvanArane kaniSka nAmathI ja oLa. rAjAonAM nAmo prakAzita thayelAM dekhAya che, tene (40) vaSkanuM bIjuM nAma ke upanAma kaisara hovAnuM A uparathI phalita thAya che. A hakIkatane AgaLanA paricchede kanika bIjAnI hakIkta sAthe sarakhAvo. (41) jue uparanI TI. naM. 38 (42) e. hi. IM. 5. 131, juo sAranAthane lekha. (43) e. hi. I. pR. 131, juo mathurAne lekha. (4) kaniSkanA zilAlekhamAM mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAzivALAmAM AMka saMkhyA 41 ane 60 paNa che: tevI ja rIte (juo nIcenI TIka naM. 45-46) suvinA nAma sAthe paNa 33 thI 60 sudhInA AMka che.

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prathama pariccheda ] ane tenA nikAla 131 kALakrama je goThavIzuM te eka anya vastusthiti ja dekhAya che ja, A badhIne ukela pR. 129 mAM sUcavyA najare paDe che. rAjA kanakanA samayamAM (eTale pramANenI yuktithI ApI zakAya che. ane te mujaba uparanI dalIla naM. 4 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe 3 thI TharAvavAnuM mana thayA ja karatuM hatuM, tevAmAM eka 60 varSanA rAjya amalamAM) rAjA haviSkanuM nAma mAsikamAM lakhANa vAMcavAmAM AvyuM.49 tethI mArA paNa aMtargoLe AvI jAya che.45 ane te paNa sAduM vicArane puSTi maLI gaI. eTale manamAM rahI jatI eTale kAMI paNa upAdhi vinAnuM hatuM, te te ema gUMcane keTaleka darajaje ukela thaI gayo ane lAMbA paNa mAnI levAta ke haviSka nAme, rAjA kaniSkane vicAra karI magaja kasavAno bojo ocho thaI gayo. kaI saradAra haze. paNa temAM te haviSkane paNa A yukti pR. 129 upara jaNAvI dIdhI che ke, dhirAja' vigere41 zabdothI navAjela che. kaniSka nAmanI be vyakti karAvavI ane te benI eTale ke huviSka paNa svataMtrapaNe gAdIpati ja banavA vacce varjhanka (vAsiSka)ne ane haviSkane goThavavA pAmyo hato ema temAM sUcavyuM che. to zuM be rAjAo (kevI rIte goThavI zakAya te mATe AgaLano pArieka ja samaye gAdI upara birAjyA hatA ema grApha juo. jemAM teonA samayakALanI carcA karI mAnI levuM ! batAvI che.) (6) jema naM. 5 nI dalIlamAM, haviSkanI sAle ATaluM jaNAvyA bAda have ApaNe temanI samasyAtapAsatAM, keTalIka AMka saMkhyA eka bIjAne DhAMkI vaLI gavavAnuM kAma hAtha dharIzuM. tema karavA mATe prathama de che. tema vaLI varjhaSka ane kaniSkanI bAbatamAM to ApaNe keIkanizcita biMduja paNa thayAM kare che;4che ane temAM paNa vaSkane temanI sAlavArI (settled point) hAtha dharavuM mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAdhithI48 alaMkRta karela che. paDaze; ane te, rAjA kaniSka eTale ke varjhanka (vAsiSka)ne paNa eka gAdIpati thaI (havethI ApaNe tene kaniSka pahelo ja kahIzuM)nA gayo ja gaNo rahe che. tyAre te vaLI naM. 5 nI rAjyAbhiSekanI sAla che. te ApaNe uparamAM I. sa. dalIlanI peThe ahIM paNa muzkelI AvI UbhI rahe che! 103nI hovAnuM jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale tenI A pramANe nAnI moTI agavaDa ubhI rahelI pahelAnA be rAjAne eka vibhAga ane tenI pAchaLanA (45) jIo e. hi. I. pR. 137, jene mATe mi. zilAlekhamAM 24nI sAla (A) sAMcInA lekhamAM 28 (joke vinseTa smitha (mathurA enDa ITasa enTIvITIjhamAM) lakhe che ke, AmAM vaSkanuM purU nAma nathI lakhela) ane (I) mathurAnA Havishlka's years overlap those of his lekhamAM 28nI sAla che: A badhI sAle kaniSkanA 3thI 60 predecessor from the year 33 to the year 60 varSanA gALAmAM DhaMkAI jAya cheja. of Kanishka's regnal era=graosat 3472941 ani (49) juo "sudhA" nAmanA hiMdI mAsikane 1990nA tenA purogAmI kaniSkanA rAja amalanA varSone 33thI 60 mArgazIrSa mAsanA aMkano lekha zIrSaka "mathurA kA yakSIya sudhI-DhAMkI de che." staMbha" lekhaka zrIyuta vAsudeva zaraNu agravAla ema. e. vaLI nIcenI TIka naM. 46 juo. ela. ela. bI. (A aMkanAM pRSTha huM ApI zakatA nathI (46) varaDaka gAmane zilAlekha juo. temAM pAnI tema kadAca mArgazIrSane badale bIjA keImAsane paNa aMka sAla che ane mathurAno zilAlekha che temAM 60nI sAla che. hoya; kemake mArI pAse te te aMkanAM mAtra keTalAMka RRAM phATela vaLI uparanI TIka naM. 44, 5 sarakhAvo. pAnAM ja gAMdhInI dukAnanI pastImAMthI hAtha AvelAM che. (47) nIcenI TIkA naM. 48 sarakhAvo. vAcakavarga saMpUrNa tapAsa karI zake mATe ATalo AdhAra (48) pR. 130 upara dalIla naM. 1mAM ArA gAmanA batAvyuM che. lekhaka mahAzayane huM RNI chuM, zilAlekhanI hakIkta lakhI che te, temaja (a) hasApurane (50) jue 5, 102,

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132 temanI [ navama khaMDa sarve rAjAone bIjo vibhAga. A pramANe sAlavArI kaDasIjha pahelAe Azare 40 varSa ane bIjAe goThavavAnA be vibhAga paDI gayA. Azare 32 varSa rAjya bhogavyuM che. jyAre vidvAnone - prathamano vibhAga nAno hoIne tene prathama tapAsI moTo bhAga A pramANe sahamata che tyAre teno svIkAra laIe. uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, kaDakasIjha karI levAmAM zaMkAne bahu sthAna rahetuM nathI. chatAM pahelAe hiMdukuza parvatanI pelI pAra pitAnuM saMsthAna kahevuM paDe cheja ke, kaI e niyama paNa na ja heI prathama jamAvyuM hatuM ane teja vyakti A vaMzana zake, ke sahamata thayela sarva hakIkata sarvathA satyaja hAya. Adi purUSa hato. vaLI inDopArjiana zahenazAhanA hiMda sivAya ke te hakIkata, samayanA AMka athavA zilAuparane adhikAra vizenuM varNana karatAM pu. 3mAM ApaNe lekhI sikkAI jevA abhaMga gaNAtA purAvAnA ema jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, temanA zahenazAha geDakAranesa AdhAre sAbita thaI cUkI hoya3. je muddo ApaNe ne IrAnanI gAdI maLavAthI i. sa. 45nA araH atra vicArI rahyA chIe te AvA siddhAMtanA AdhAre sAmAM tene hiMda choDavuM paDayuM hatuM. eTale nakkI nizcita thaI cUkelI hakIkata to nathI ja, paNa ApaNuM thayuM ke, jyAM sudhI A zahenazAha gaDakAranesa dhyeya pUrato tene svIkAra karI levAmAM koI muzkelI ubhI hiMdamAM hato tyAM sudhI to. paMjAba, aphagAnistAna thatI dekhAtI nathI. eTale A banne rAjavIne samaya vigere je je dezo, IrAna ane mathurAvALA sUrasena kula maLIne 72 varSano thayo gaNo rahe che. uparAMta dezanI vacce AvelA hatA te sarva upara, tenI ja ANa keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema paNa thAya che ke, kaDaphasIjha vartI rahI hatI. ane tenI ANa hoya tyAM sudhI bIjo ane tenI pAchaLa AvanAra rAjA kaniSka kaDakasIjha ke koI bIjAnI rAjasattA na hoya e paNa pahele, te benI vacce dazeka varSane gALe paDayo hovAne - svayaM sAbita thaI gayuM kahevAya. bhale pachI kaDakasIjhanI saMbhava che.54 te binAne paNa je hisAbamAM laIe sattA hiMdanI bahAranA aneka deza upara jAmI paDI te 72+1=maLIne 82 varSano kALa, kuzAna vaMzanI hoya; paraMtu te prazna ApaNane lAgatuM nathI. eTale sthApanA thayAnI ane I. sa. 103mAM kaniSka pahelAno sAra e thayo ke, kuzanavaMzI saradAranI rAjasattA rAjyAbhiSeka thaye te benI, vacce gaNavuM paDaze. paNa jo hiMda upara thavA ja pAmI hoya che. teno samaya mArI samaja ema thAya che ke, A daza varSane gALo I. sa. 45thI mAMDIne I. sa. 103 sudhInA 58 5 he ne joI e; kemake kaDakasIjha bIjAnI varSanA gALAmAM ja gaNu rahe che. pachI te rAjasattA siMhAsana-sthita mUti (eTale sAbita thAya che ke te I. sa. 45 bAda, turataja thavA pAmI che ke keTaloka pote te pradezane adhiSThAtA banI cUke. ho )55 samaya gayA bAda te ApaNe nakkI karavuM rahe che. mathurA zaherathI vaida mAIla ja dUra Avela mATe dhaNAkharA ItihAsakAranuM maMtavya ema thayuM che ke, nAmanA gAmathI maLI Avela che. vaLI caMNunI (51) juo uparamAM hUNa ane kuzAnanI Arya (55) kaDaphasIjha bIjAne mulaka kadAca A mATa sudhI ja prajAmAM thatI gaNunAvALo pArigrApha. thayuM haze. ane mathurA sara karI zakAyuM nahIM hoya; athavA (52) pu. 3 mAM tenA vRttAte juo. mathurA caDAI laI jatAM vacce rastAmAM ja te maraNa pAme (pa) AthI karIne ja azAkanI ane priyadarzinanI haze, vaLI juo nIce TI. naM. 56; tathA kaDakAra aneka hakIkata vize, adyApiparyaMtanA sarve vidvAno sahamata bIjAnuM vRttAMta). hovA chatAM, temane samayanA AMkathI tathA sikkAI purAvAthI (pa6) kadAca te samaye, mathurA zaherano vistAra ja kAM majabUtapaNe sAbita karI zakyA nathI, ane tethIja te evaDe mATI na banyA hoya ke, A 14 mAila aMtare pheravAI jato ApaNe dekhIe chIe (juo te mATe pu. ramAM Avela mATa gAma, te mathurA zaheranuM eka paruM banI rahyuM hoya ? maurya sAmrAjyanAM vRttAMte, te te zahenazAhInA jIvana caritra). paraMtu tema banavA egya nathI te mATe AgaLa upara kaniSka (54) jue 5.128 upara gehavelI temanI nAmAvaLI, pahelAnuM vRttAMta juo,

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prathama paricheda ] sAlavArI 133 mUrtipa7 rAjA kaniSkanI sAthenI paNa teja pradezamAMthI pahelo, te banne ekaja vaMzanA che. eTale sarva parimaLI AvI che. eTale sAra e thayo ke mathurAnA tathA sthitine vicAramAM letAM, ekaja nirNaya karavo rahe che tenI AsapAsanA pradeza upara kaDaphasIjha bIjAne ke kaDaphasIjha bIjA pachI turataja kaniSka pahelAne amala zarU to thaI gaye ja hatuM. vaLI kaniSka rAjyAbhiSeka thayo hovo joIe. sarva dalIlano sAra pahelAnI gAdinuM sthAna paNa teja pradeza che. eTale e thayo ke kuzAna vaMzanA prathamanA be saradArano te benI vacce-kaphasIjha bIjo ane kaniSka pahelo samaya nIce pramANe TharAvo yogya che. te benI vacce-samayanuM koI aMtara saMbhavita nathI. (1) kaDaphasIjha bIjAnuM rAjya 32 varSanuM gaNatAM kemake sAdhAraNa rIte e niyama hoya che ke (1) I. sa. 71 thI 103 sudhI ane (2) kaDakasIjha ekaja pradeza upara ekaja vaMzI rAjAone rAjya pahelAnuM rAjya 40 varSanuM gaNatAM I. sa. 31 thI amala hoya te te benI vacce zuM kAraNa ke kaDaphasIjha 71 sudhI59. bIjAnI ane kaniSkanI ema bannenI mUrtio ekaja have bIjA vibhAganI vicAraNA karIe -kaniSka gAma-pradezamAMthI maLI AvI che ) kAMI paNa samayanuM pahele; tenA nAmanA je aneka zilAlekhamAM AMka aMtara hoI zake nahIM sivAya ke te be rAjAnI vacce saMkhyA jaNAvavAmAM AvI che te mAMhenA sArateja pradezamAM koI navIna prakAranI rAjyakrAMta thavA nAthavALAmAM 3, mathurAmAM 9, mANiyAlamAM 18, pAmI hoya to ja; paraMtu tema banavA pAmyuM hoya ane ArAmAM 41nI sAlanA eka kotarAyelA che. ema dekhAtuM nathI; kemaMka je kAI prakAranI rAjyakrAMti jyAre vAsiSkanA zilAlekhamAMnA IsApuramAM 24. thavA pAmI hatI te rAjataraMgiNikAra potAnA deza sAMcImAM 28 (?) ane mathurAmAM 29nA AMka najare puratI hakIkata te jarUra lakhI kADhata ja. eTale paDe che. eTale kaniSkane lagato meTAmAM meTo AMka bahu to ApaNe teTalA samaya mATe InTarareganama58 41 ne che tyAM sudhI te tenuM rAjya laMbAyuM hatuM (Inter-regnum) athavA aMdhAdhunI jevuM banyuM ema mAnI zakAya. paraMtu vAsaSka mATenI nAnAmAM hevAnuM phakta mAnI levuM rahe. paraMtu tema paNa banyuM nAnI saMkhyA je 24 nI che tenA lakhANamAM paNa hovAnA jyAM sudhI koI purAvA ApaNane na ja maLe tyAM pote mahArAjAdhirAjane ikAba dhAraNa karI lIdhAnuM sudhI tenI kalpanA karI levI te paNa dhorI mArgano jaNAya che. eTale ema mAnI zakAya che ke, tenuM rAjya tyAga karI apavAda mArga upara utarI paDayA barAbara kamamAMkama 24mAM zarU thaI gayeluM hovuM ja joIe; vaLI gaNAze. athavA (2) te benI vacce tyAreja aMtara temanA zakano prAraMbha kaniSka pahelAthIja thayA gaNAya hoI zake, ke te banne rAjAe bhinnabhinna vaMzanA che. teTalA mATe kaniSka pahelAnA rAjayanI aMdAjI sAla hoya chatAMye jo ekaja pradeza upara hakumata bhogavanAra ApaNe 1 thI 23 sudhInI TharAvavI rahe che.tathA uparamAM thayA hoya te ja. paraMtu aMhI te nizaMkapaNe siddha ArAnA lekhanI je 41 nI sAla jaNAvI che, te thayelI ja binA che ke, kaDaphasIjha bIja ane kaniSka kaniSka bIjAnI hovAnI TharAvavI paDaze. temaja vAsiSkano (57) A uparathI ca9Na pita, kuzanavaMzI rAjAo sAthe (59) J. J. H. 2. Vol. xii Prof. Sten Konow joDAyela hatA ema riddhi thayuM. te samaye tene dara zuM pp. 29:-Kujula Kadphesis must have been gaNAto hato te mATe A khaMDamAM AgaLa upara trIjA a young man in A. D. 45=ja. I. hi. karve. paricchede juo. pu. 12, che. sTena kAnApha pR. 29-I. sa. 4pamAM kujIla (58) A zabdanA artha tathA tevA banAva kaDaphIjha yuvAvasthAmAM hevo joIe. tamAruM TIpaNa-joke kayAre banyA hatA tenA dAtA mATe A pustaka tene janma temaNe i. sa. 15thI kAMIka vahelo gaNIne A 5, 16 juo, 85nI sAla gaNuM che),.

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temanI [ navama khaMDa zakAya te vicAravuM rahe che. tenuM jIvana vRttAMta lakhatI vakhate joI zakAro ke tenuM rAjya lagabhaga 95 sudhI cAlyuM hatuM ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che. kemake tenA putra vAsudeva je tenI pachI turata ja gAdIe beThe che tenA nAmanA eka zilAlekha mathurAmAMthI 98 nI sAlane maLI AvyA che. vaLI A lekha teNe gAdIe beThA pachI gheADA varSanA ja gALAmAM kAtarAvyA hAya ema mAnavAne kAraNa che, eTale tenA rAjyAbhiSeka 98 nI pahelAM pAMceka varSe jo thayA hatA ema gaNIe teA tenI sAla 93 nI mUkavI paDaze. ane tenuM rAjya 38 varSe lagabhaga cAhyuM che ema ghaNAkharA vidvAneAnI mAnyatA thayelI che. jethI karIne A bApadIkarAne-kaniSka bIjo ane vAsudevane-samaya AsAnIthI ApaNe karAvI zakIzuM ke kaniSka bIjAe 40 thI 93 = 53 varSa ane vAsudeve 93 thI 131=38 varSa sudhI rAjya karyuM hovuM joie. te bAda kANe, keTalAM varSa rAjya karyuM te kAMi jaNAyuM nathI. paNa tevA rAjAeAnI saMkhyA upara pR. 129 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe chakeTanI che.vaLI A kuzAnavaMzI rAjAenI pAsethI uttara hiMdanuM rAjya guptavaMzI rAjAe e jItI lIdhAnuM sAbita thayuM che. jo ke A guptavaMzanA Adi purUSa, kayAre temanI pAsethI rAjya laI lIdhuM te cakkasa kahI zakAya tema nathI, paraMtu te gupta rAjAene samaya lagabhaga i. sa. 275 thI 290 sudhImAM AraMbha thatA gaNAya che. eTale ApaNe sahIsalAmatInI khAtara kuzAnavaMzane aMta lagabhaga 280 mAM AvyAnuM lekhIzuM ane i. sa. 280 = kuzAna saMvata 134 samaya 24 thI 29 sudhInA cha varSanA TharAvave paDaze. A pramANe naM 3jA ane naM 4thA rAjAonA samaya nakkI thaI gayA kahevAze. have AgaLa calAvIe. temAM huviSNunA zilAlekhamAMhelA mathurAmAM 33, varDakamAM 11 ane mathurAmAM 60 e pramANe traNa AMka saMkhyA maLI Ave che. temAMthI chellA che mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAdhi sAthenA che ane prathamanA 33 vALA AMka, sAdA nA sAthenA11 che. eTale te hisAbe vAsiSThanI 29nI sAla pachIthI mAMDIne 33 sudhIteA viSkane sAdA saradAra tarIkeja oLakhavA paDaze ane 51 thI 60 sudhInA vaSaeN mATe, mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIvALo eTale gAdIpati tarIke mAnya rAkhavA paDaze. paraMtu 73 thI 51 vaccenA kayA varSe tene gAdI prApta thaI hatI te tA na ja kahI zakAya; paNa sAthe sAthe jyAre kaniSka khIjA mATenA vicAra karIe chIe, tyAre ArAnA zilAlekhamAM 41 ane mathurAmAM 60 nA AMka sAthe mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI yukta tene nihALIe chIe. eTale ema sAra ApaNe kadAca dorI zakIe ke, haviSNunI mahArAdhirAja tarIkenI padavIne adhikAra, kamamAM kama 40 nI sAlamAM kaniSka khIjAe laI lIdhA hovA joIe.12 jethI vikanA te padavIne kALa 40 thI 60 sudhInA gaNAze ane sAdA padavIdhAraka tarIkenA tenA samaya 29 thI 40 sudhIne lekhAze, temaja kaniSka khInnanI sAkSa pazu 40 thI 60 sudhInI te nakkI ja thaI cUkI kahevAya. chatAM tenAthI vizeSa kayA samaya sudhI gaNI (62) atyAra sudhI AkhAye pradeza upara ekaja vyaktinI ane te paNa mahArAjAdhirAja tarIkenI ANu cAlI rahI hatI. jayAre A samayathI pradezanI vahecaNI karI nAMkhI, banne upara be judI judI vyaktinI ANu karAvAI hatI. AMka (?)ne zilA-eTale bhaa padavInI dRSTie tuviSNu, hajI paNa mahArAjAdhirAjaja kahevAtA, paNa pradezanI daSTie tene rAya vistAra kamI thai gayA haiAvAthI ane mULa gAdIpati rAnna kaniSka bIjAne ja gaNAtA heAvAthI, rAjA haviSka pAsethI te prakArane adhikAra laI levAyA hatA evA zabdo mAre vAparavA paramALa, (10) eka zilAlekhane laine A samaya khAkhata kAMika rAkA ubhI thAya che kharI, paNa te vajanadAra lAgatI nathI. te mATe tuo nIcenuM TI. na. 61 (61) kahevAya che (1) ke, tenA (haviSkanA) nAmanA mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI sAthene 28 lekha maLI Avela che paraMtu tema banavA cegya nathI, kema ke mathurAnA 29 AMkavALA zilAlekhamAM (upara jue) vasiSThanA nAma sAthe mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAdhi kAtarAyalI spaSTapaNe najare paDe che. eTale te viToSa mAnanIya gaNavI rahe che.

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prathama paricheda ] salavArI 175 (2) 1 177 thaze; jethI karIne vAsudeva pachInA sAta ke ATha rAjAone rAjyakALa ekaMdare 131 thI 177 sudhInA 46 varSane gaNavo rahe che. A pramANe banne vibhAgone samaya vicArI lIdhA pachI, AkhA kuzanavaMzane ApaNe nIce pramANe saLaMga goThavIne lakhI zakIzuM. I.sa. i.sa. kuzAna saMvata (1) kaphasIjha pahela63 31 thI 71 40 - kaDaphasIjha bIjo 103 (3) kaniSka pahele 103 126 23 vAsika 106 - 132 6 23 - 28 (5) haviSka65 sAde rAjakartA 132 143 1114 28 mahArAjAdhirAja 143 16 3=20 143=116 (6) kaniSka bIje 132 1 143 53 40 - 93 (7) vAsudeva 196 38 - 131 (8 thI 14) sAta rAjAo 234 280 131 - 177 249 eTale ke Akho kuzanavaMza Azare 249 varSa cAlyo che ane temAM ekaMdare caudaka rAjAo thayA che. tathA 40 thI 60 sudhInA 20 varSamAM be rAjAo mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. samrATa priyadarzine jyAre nepALanI mulAkAta deza kabaje karI che tyAM paNa pitAnA putra jAlaukane lIdhI hatI tyAre tyAMthI ja tibeTa dezamAM utarIne nImyo hato. A sarva hakIkata pu. 2 mAM samrATa te jItI lIdho hato tathA potAnA priyadarzinanuM rAjyavRttAMta lakhatAM ApaNe jaNAvI kazAna prajAmAM eka putrane tyAM zAsaka tarIke gayA chIe. eTale te bane ThekANAM, mairyaprajA- kone kene samA- nImyo hato. vaLI tyAMthI pAchA saMbiji licchavI-nAmanI kSatriye varganI prajAnAM veza thato hato karatA khATAnane jItI laI, nivAsasthAna banavA pAmyAM hatAM. hiMdamAMnI Arya tibeTanA ja zAsakane te prAMta prajAnuM saraNa, hiMdanI bahAranA pradezamAM je koI paNa suprata karyo hato ane tyAMthI AgaLa vadho kAzmira samaye thavA pAmyuM hoya te A prathamamAM prathama samaya. 196 234 (63) kaDaphasIjha pahelAnA 40 ane bIjAnA 32 varSa (66) naM. 5 ane naM. 6 vALA bane rAjAo 143thI ahIM gayA che. paNa pahelAnA 32 ane bIjAnA 40 ema 163 sudhI kema mahArAjAdhirAja pada bhogavI rahyA hatA, paNa gaNI zakAze. kayuM sAcuM che tenI carcA kaDIjha tathA rAjataraMgiNikAre jukanuM nAma je jaNAvyuM che tenuM zuM bIjAnA vRtAMte karavAmAM AvI che. na thayuM hatuM, te banne muddA haviSyanA jIvanacaritra lakhatI (14) A agIAra varSa sudhI konI ANa vatI rahI vakhate samajAvyA che te tyAM javuM. hatI (kaNu mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke hatuM te mATe juo (67) A vakhate kAzimara dezamAM pleccha prajA hatI nIcenI TIkA naM. 65 ema rAjataraMgiNikAranuM kahevuM thayuM che (juo tenuM pu. 1 | (65) rAjA kuviSkanA A agiyAra varSamAM rAjA kaniSkanuM leka 107, jene utAre ApaNe pu. 2 pR. 493mAM pada kacA sthAne gaNI zakAya te mATe tenA vRttAte juo. lIdho che) te zabda A pramANe che. As the countries.

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136 kurAna majAnI [ navama khaMDa kahI zakAze. jo ke eka itihAsakAranuM mAnavuM ema saMbaMdhI che tathA cinAI harike te saradArane harAvyo thAya che ke 68 The connection of Asoka with hato te saMbaMdhI khyAlamAM rAkhavA pUratuM ja che. kemake the ancient Khotan kingdom, appears B42115 210447 E 9146 Ral 1014 Bald to have been close. It is said that Asoka ApaNe have sAbita karI cUkayA chIe. eTale temaNe had banished some nobles of Taxilla te azokane putra tyAM kevI rIte javA pAmyo hoya te to the north of the Himalayas as a hakIkatano meLa kADhI batAvavA, kadAca kuNAlanI vAta punishment for their complicity in the joDI kADhI hoya ema paNa samajI zakAya che. kemake wrongful blinding of Kunala. One of kuNAlanuM aMdhatva pAmavuM te te avaMtimAM ja banyuM the nobles was elected king who reign- hatuM ane te tyAM ja sUbe nImAyo hato. eTale tene ed till he was defeated by a Chinese AMdhaLe karavAmAM je kaMI gunegAra banyA hoya te ival=prAcIna samaye boTAna rAjayanI sAthe azokano teo avaMtimAMnAja hoI zake, nartI ke takSalAnI; saMbaMdha bahu ghADe hovAnuM jaNAya che. kuNAlane tema kuNAle kaI divasa takSilAnuM ke paMjAbanuM meM khoTI rIte AMdhaLo banAvavAnA kAvatrAmAM sAmela suddhAMta joyuM hoya ema ItihAsamAM kayAMya pramANa paNa thavAnI zikSA tarIke, takSilAnA keTalAka amIrone maLatuM nathI. jethI takSilAnA mANasone tibeTa ke himAlayanI uttare azoke kADhI mUkayA hatA ema khoTAnamAM vasavAnI pharaja paDI hoya te kalpita kahevAya che. te amIromAM eka rAjyapade Avyo banAva dIse che. atyAre ApaNe muddo amuka saMyohate; ane cInAI harIphe harAvyo tyAM sudhI tenuM ganI satyatA pUravAra karavAnI nathI paNa eTaluM ja rAjya cAlyuM hatuM." A vidvAna lekhakanA kathana karatAM jaNAvavuM rahe che ke, priyadarzinanA samaye hiMdI prajA ApaNuM maMtavya bhale ghaNI bAbatamAM juduM paDe che, kheTAnamAM javA pAmI hatI. te bAda thoDA samaye, paNa atra je batAvavAnuM che te, priyadarzinanA samaya cIna taraphanI yu-cI nAme oLakhAtI prajAnAM -------- -- were overrun by the Malechchas etc=te pradeza dharma paNa AryasaMrakRti pramANe hatuM ema kahevAya. je viSaya upara myuccha ke patharAIne paDayA hatA. [mAruM TIpaNa- A prakaraNe AgaLa upara ApaNe carcavAnA chIe.] myuccha artha, AryanI saMskRtithI bhinna saMskRtine mANasa (68) jue hiM. hi, (majamudAra kRta) pR. 530 thAya che. vaLI vizeSa khulAsA mATe tathA cavana zabdane javana (69) sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 71 sAthe je bheLavI naMkhAya che te kevI bhUla kahevAya, te bannenI (70) kadAca kAzmirapati rAjA jAlaukanA putra dAmodarane hakIkata mATe pu. 3, 5. 146 TI, naM. 1 temaja te pustake ke tenA vaMzamAMnA keIkane A thinAi saradAre harAvIne pR. 148nuM lakhANa juo) eTale rAjataraMgiNikArane myuccha rAjya hastagata karI lIdhuM hatuM ema A kathanamAMthI garbhita kahevAno artha yavanaprajA tarIke le: A yavana (Greek) sUcanA maLe che. vaLI juo nIcenI TIka naM. 71nuM lakhANuM). tathA yona (Bactrians) annanI saMskRti, A samaye Arya (71) sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. 69 prajAthI bhinna paDI gaI hatI; jyAre turkastAna (madhya eziyA) (72) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 70; pu. 3mAM ApaNe ane khATAna prajAnI khAsiyata Arya saMskRtine anusaratI jaNAvyuM che ke, (juo pu. 3 pR.142) gheDe bhAga je pUrva hatI. tethI rAjataraMgiNikAre temane AryamAM gaNI che. A tarapha vaLe jato hato, temane cInanA pUrva kinArAno dariyo kuzanavaMzI prajA atyAranI dRSTie bhale hiMda bahAranI ADe AvatAM, pAchA pazcima tarapha teo haDaselAyA hatA prajA tarIke ApaNane anArya jaNAtI haze, paraMtu te prajA ane tibeTa tathA kheTAnamAM vasI rahelI prajA sAthe teo AryasaMskRtine bhajanArI hatI ane tethI ja A prajAne athaDAmaNamAM AvyA hatA. temAMthI A yu-cI prajAne (tathA ca9Nu kSatrapavALA paNa teja prajAne aMza hovAthI) udbhava thayo haze ema samajAya che.

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prathama paricheda ] peTA jAtio - 137 TALAM A boTAnamAM ubharAI AvyAM hatAM ane te-sarva prajA jaMkhatIpavAsI hovAthI te saghaLI prajAne temaNe tibeTa tathA khoTAnanA upara rAjya calAvavA Aryaja lekhavI raheze. mAMDayuM hatuM. eTale ke, A mulakanI prajAmAM nIce eka rIte kahIe te, kaDakasIjha pahelAe hiMdanI pramANe mizraNa-khIcaDe thavA pAmyo hato. (1) bhUmi upara rAjya karyuM ja nathI, ema kahI zakAya tema cInanI yu-cI (2) beTAnanI (3) ane madhya che; ane tethI tenuM nAma hiMdI eziyAmAMnI kaDaphasIjhavAlI asalanI tuSAraprajazya kaDaphasIjha pahe ItihAsamAM ApaNe dAkhala karI (4) hiMdamAMthI AvIne vaselI licchavI kSatriyovALI lAne kuzAnaveza nathI zakatA. chatAM tenA mATe je tathA (5) kAzmiranA mleccha*; jene keTalAkAe bhUla- sAthe saMbaMdha kAMI be zabdo lakhavA atre thI javana95 nAma ApyuM che. A pramANe pAMca jAtanI - prerAyA chIe te mATe nIcenAM prajA kaho, ke tenA darekanA pradezane saMsthAnanuM nAma be kAraNo cheH (1) te vaMzane te Adi purUSa hatA. ApI pAMca saMsthAnanI prajA tarIke temane oLakhAvo, tethI (2) temaja tenA sikkA hiMdanI bhUmi mahelA te sarva hakIkata samajavI. A pAMce prajAne, naM. 3 evA paMjAbamAMthI maLI AvatA dekhAya che tethI. vALI tuSAraprajAnA te samayanA eka kaDaphasIjha nAmanA A banne muddA have jarAka vistArathI joIe. yuvAna saradAre, saMgaThita karIne rAjahakumata potAnA A kuzanavaMzI prajA jema hiMdanI uttare Avela hAthamAM lIdhI ane pote te sarva malakano svAmI himAlayanI pelI pArathI utarI Avela che. temaja banyo.71 A uparathI samajAze ke kaDakasIjhanA teramANa ane mihirakula nAme itihAsa prasiddha thayela rAjadvArI jhaMDA nIce ekatrita thayela prajAmAM mukhyatve saradArovALI dUNaprajA, paNa himAlayanI pelI pArathI karIne Aryatvaja hatuM. (jyAre svecchanA aMza jeTaluM utarI Avela che. vaLI pahADI pradezamAM janmela mAtra anArya hatuM.77) bAkI pre-historic hovAthI kudaratI rIte ja dUNaprajAnA zarIrane raMga sapheda samayanI dRSTie-jaMbuThI 5 ane zAkakIpanA hisAbe hevAthI temane itihAsamAM The whites=saphedagNa (73) pR. 126 upara TI. naM. 32 mAM TAMkeluM hiM. hi. nI ke I. sa.nI sadImAM saMbhavita ja kayAM che ! chatAM pAchaLathI pR. 649nuM avataraNa juo. yavana ane javana zabda gaNAvIne kAma lIdhe rakhAyuM (74) ahIM rahelA plene te jAlake hAMkI kADhayA samajAya che. hatA paNa je ple ne keTaloka bhAga, pAsenA bekaTrIAmAM pu. 2, pR.12, tathA tenA TI.naM. 54mAM e izAre meM vasI rahyo hato, temanA saMsargamAM rahIne je prajA have karyo che ke, arabastAnamAM paNa jainadhamI rAjAnuM rAjya hatuM kAzimaramAM AvatI jatI thaI rahI hatI tene paNa Tvera che juo gardabhIla vikramacaritranuM vRttAMta pU. 51 tathA TI. naM. tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya, mATe ahIM te zabda ha0nI hakIkata) te vAMcI ghaNAone vismaya pAmavAnuM thAya vAparyo che. che. paNa jyAre have gabhIlavaMzInI hakIkta teo jANI (75) hiM, hi, pR. 505-The word Javana cUkayA che tathA tuSAra prajAmAMnA kuzanavaMzI rAjAe Arya (applied to Turks or Mohomeclans) is often hatA ane temAM paNa mukhyatve teo jainadhamI hatA, evuM wrongly confounded by scholars with Yavan sAbita thatuM teo jue che, tyAre temanuM Azcarya esarI (The Greeks) juo 5. 3, pR. 146 TI. naM. 1mAM jatuM jaNAze.] paSTIkaraNa. (76) juo pu. ke pR. 329 [mAruM TIppaNa-uparamAM je yavana, tuka ke mahemadana (77) juo uparanI TI. naM. 5 temAM paNa khAsa lakhyuM che te bhUlabhareluM che kemake muslIma dharmanI utpattija karIne mArA TIpaNamAMnI hakIkata; eTale A kathananI yathArtha i. sa. 111mAM thaI che. eTale temanuM astitva I. sa. pU. tane khyAla AvI jaze.' LC W J cyduc 1946 o 18

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138 kuzanavaMza sAthe [ navama khaMDa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kuzAnaprajAnAM zarIra vAtane meLa utAravAne ja temaNe kapI lIdhela saMbhave che. kevA raMganAM hatAM te jeke kayAMya varNavAyuM jaNAtuM mArI tapAsamAM te nIce pramANe samajAya che. nathI; chatAM mAnI che ke teo pArvatIya ane ati mathurA pAsenA mATe gAmamAMthI vema uphe kaDakasIjha daMDa mulakamAMthI utpanna thayelI prajA hevAthI raMge bIjAnI siMhAsana sthita eka mUrti maLI AvI che. sapheda hatI. A pramANenI sAmyatAne lIdhe, ane temAM "mahArAja nAsirAka vAra sukAna-putra rAti " anya paradezI prajA peThe AmanI paNa ApaNane bahu evA zabdo kotarAyala dekhAya che. eTale ke te pitAne mAhitI nahIM hovAne lIdhe, eka vakhata evI mAnyatA kuzaputra tarIke oLakhAvI rahela che. tene atha thaI paDI hatI ke A baMne prajAo ekaja zAkhAnA ema karavAnuM nathI ke te kuzANu prajAmAM hatA. phaNagArUpe haze athavA vadhAre nahIM te, ekamekanA paraMtu spaSTapaNe eja artha thaI zake che ke, tenA atidhATa saMbaMdhavALI haze. chatAM have vizeSa uMDANamAM pitAnuM nAmaja kuzaNa hatuM, ke jene ApaNe kaDaphasIjha vAnA jema jema prasaMge vadhatA jAya che. tema tema pahelA tarIke vizeSapaNe oLakhI rahyA chIe. ane je khAtrI thatI jAya che ke teone bahu lAgatuM vaLagatuM tenuM nAmaja kuzANa kare che tathA te vaMzano te Adi nahIM ja hoya. kemake prajAnAM caherA ane khAsiyata purUSa che, te pachI tenA nAma uparathIja tenA vaMzanuM vize, keTalIka mAhitI ApaNe pu. 3 pR. 390 upara nAma "kuzAza" pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ema varNavI gayA chIe tenI sAthe A kuzanavaMzI sara- mAnavA mATe kAMI zaMkA uThAvavA jevuM rahetuM nathI. dAronAM je sikkAcitro ApaNane prApta thayAM che temanI eTale ke kazAna te vyaktigata nAma che paNa prajAnuM sarakhAmaNI karIzuM te vizeSataH eja anumAna upara nAma nathI. te prajAnuM nAma te anyaja hevA saMbhava javAze. ke te bane prajAnA caherAnI sAmyatAmAM leza che. jene ApaNe uparanA pArigrAphamAM jaNAvyA pramANe paNa aMza dekhAto nathI. A pramANe jyAre sthiti hAla to tuSAra nAmathI ja oLakhatA rahIzuM. vaLI mAlUma paDe che, tyAre pAcho prazna eja AvI ubho A pramANe banatuM AvyAnA itihAsamAM aneka 2he che ke, A kuzAna prajA che ke? dRSTAMta paNa mejuda paDavyAM che. jemake, zizunAga je pAMca prajAnI saradArI A kazAna saradAre rAjA uparathI zizunAgavaMza, naMdarAjA uparathI naMdavaMza, upADI lIdhI hatI, tenuM AchuM rekhAcitra AgalA gardabhIla rAjA uparathI gardabhIlavaMza I. I. kahevAyA garI batAvyuM che. temAM ekanuM che. alabatta prajA uparathI oLakhAtA vaMzanAM daSTAMta nAma kuzAna mAlUma paDatuM nathI. chatAM itihAsakAroe paNa itihAsamAM aneka najare paDe che ja. jevAM ke; te temane kuzanavaMzanA nAmathI ja oLakhAvye rAkhyo cAvaDAvaMza, gorIvaMza, magalavaMza I. I. uparanI carcAne che. temaja zA mATe tema karavAmAM AvyuM che tenuM sAra e thaze ke, A kuzanavaMzanuM nAma tenA Adi kAraNa kayAMya batAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya evuM mArA purUSanA nAma uparathI paDayuM che. jyAre te prajA tA khyAlamAM nathI. je kAMI anumAna kAI kaI taraphathI tuSAra ke tevA koI anya nAmanI jAti hovA saMbhave batAvAyuM che te eTaluM ja ke, A prajAnuM nAma ja kazAna che. A kathanane sara kanigahAma jevA vidvAnanA prajA hatuM. vAstavika rIte te kAraNe saMbhavita lAgatuM udagArAthI puSTi maLatI dekhAya che. temaNe jaNAvyA nathI. kemake je tevuM heta te vidvAno tevo AdhAra pramANe78, kaDaphasIjhanA sikkAmAM " kujula kaDaphasIjha" banAvavAnuM cUkatA nahIM. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, te evA zabdo che. AmAMne kujula zabda% kharAchI (78) juo pu. 2 pR. 120 upara sikkAomAM AMka naM. 85nuM varNana. (79) jue ja. I. hi. karyo. pu ra 5. 27

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- -- ---- - - -- - -- - - - - - - prathama paricacheda ] kaDaphasIjhanA saMbaMdha vize - 13 bhASAne che ane tene samArthI zabda, grIka bhASAmAM hovAthI, bhale kaDaphesIjha pahelAnA sikkA paMjAbamAMthI Kozolo=kSatrapa e thAya che. eTale ke kaDaphasIjha maLI AvatA hoya chatAM tyAM tenI sattA sthApita to koIka rAjAno eka saradAra yA kSatrapa athavA pAmI ja hatI evuM bhArapUrvaka te kahI na ja zakAya.' ApaNI hiMdI bhASAmAM kahe to sUbo ja mAtra hato joke purANonA AdhAre mi. majamudAre je abhiprAya evuM Thare che. A bAbatanI khAtrI, eka bAjuthI bAMdhyo che te uparathI phalitArtha ema nIkaLI zake teNe pAMca prajAnI saradArI lIdhI hatI, e hakIkata che ke, kaDasIjha pahelAnuM rAjaya hiMdamAM thavA pAmyuM uparathI jema ApaNane maLatI jAya che tema AgaLa nathI. temAM teNe keInuM nAma spaSTapaNe jaNAvyuM te upara vema-kaDapharasIjha bIjAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM anya nathI ja, paraMtu ItihAsanA jJAnathI ApaNe te pramANenI hakIkata uparathI paNa maLI rahe che. vaLI A kuzAna gaNatrI jarUra karI zakIe chIe. teo lakhe che ke, kaDasIjha jyAre baTAna ane tibeTa taraphathI utarI "The Puranas mention 8 Greek rulers Avela che tyAre mAnavuM rahe che ke te pote A of India=hiMdanA ATha grIka rAjA hovAnuM purANomAM pradezanA koI jabaradasta cInAI zahenazAhane ja80 jaNAvAyuM che." A kathana mauryana sAmrAjyanI sUbo paNa kadAca hoya. paDatI thayA bAda ane zuMgavaMzI vaidikamatanA rAjAo have bIjuM kAraNa je tenA sikkA paMjAbamAMthI maLI avaMtipati thayA hatA te samaya bAdanI sthiti AvavAnI saMbhAvanA che te vizenI tapAsa karIe-haju varNavatAM temaNe ucAryuM hoya ema manAya che. eTale cokkasa thatuM nathI ke, tene amala te paMjAba upara zabda ke mAtra "grIka rAjA" batAvavA mATe ja jAmyA hatA ke kema ? jo ke tyAMthI sikkAo maLI ' vaparAyo che, chatAM temAM sarva paradezI prajAnA rAjA AvatA jAya che; chatAM tethI karIne nakkI paNe te (foreigners) kahevAno bhAvArtha rahyo dekhAya che. na ja kahI zakAya ke te prAMta tenI hakumata taLe kharekhara ane te hisAbe je AThanI saMkhyA temaNe kalpI che te Avyo ja hatA. kemake, tenA putra kaphasIjha bIjAnA A pramANe batAvI zakAze. prathama grIka rAjA je hiMda vakhate te prAMta bhale prathamavAra ja hakumatamAM Avyo hoya upara caDI AvyuM hatuM tenuM nAma yuthIDimAsa cheja. chatAMye kaDaphasIjha pahelAnA sikkA tyAMthI paNa maLI paNa teNe te mAtra luMTaphATa calAvIne maLyuM teTaluM Ave kharA. temaja kaDaphasIjha bIjAnA samaye paNa tyAM dhana pitAnA vatana laI gayA sivAya bIjuM vizeSa pracalita rahyA hoya ema paNa mAnI zakAya kharUM kArya karyuM nathI. eTale tenuM nAma ApaNe paNa hiMdanA kAraNa ke eka rAjanuM rAjya baMdha thatAM ja, tenA rAjA tarIkenI gaNanAmAM lIdhuM nathI (juo pu. sikkAonI vaparAza kAMI turata ja baMdha thaI jatI 3, pR. 148.). te bAda tene putra (1) DImeTrIasa (2) nathI. alabatta eTaluM kharuM ke, gatarAjAnA navA sikkA ane saradAra minenDara ema be yavana patio tathA te paDAtA baMdha thaI jAya, paraMtu je cAlu thaI gayA bAda pAMca IDe pArthiansa, nAme (3) mejhIjha (4) hoya te te upayogamAM levAtA ja rahe. uparAMta ajhIjha pahele (5) ajhIlIsIjha (6) ajhIjha bIje pAse pAsenA pradezanA vepArIonI levaDadevaDamAM paNa (7) ane geDaphAranesa maLI, pAMca zahenazAha AvI te vaparAyA kare. AvI sthiti sikkAo saMbaMdhamAM gayA che; ane chelle (8) vema kaDaphasIjhane gaNu rahe (80) jue uparanI TI. naM. 68mAM "he was varNana te uparathI te ema dekhAya che ke, tenuM rAjya kAbulanA defeated by a Chinese rival=tene cinAI harIphe prAMta sudhIja laMbAyuM hatuM, harAvyo hata" tevA aMgrejI zabdAvALuM mULa avataraNa. (82) jue hiM. hi, pR. 552 (81) e tenA sikkAnuM (5.25.120 AMka naM. 85)

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kuzanavaMza sAthe [ navama khaMDa che; kemake teNe paNa hiMdamAM keTalAMka varSo sudhI rAjya pitAnI jIMdagInA pAchalA bhAgamAM ja tema banavA karyuM che. ane tenA pachI, bhale tenA vaMzajo gAdI upara pAmyuM hoya. paraMtu ApaNe ema to jarUra kahI te rahyA che ja, chatAM temaNe hiMdI rAjAonAM ane zakIe ja ke, jevI geDaphAranese pITha pheravI hiMdu jevAM nAmo dhAraNa karI lIdhela hovAthI, temanI teja te mulaka kAMI dhaNI vinAne na banI gayo gaNanA paradezI tarIke karavAmAM AvI nathI lAgatI. hoya ke kaDakasIjha jevo bahArane mANasa AvIne uparamAM je ATha nAme purANakAranA maMtavya pramANe turata te pradeza hAIyAM karI jAya. temaja, geDaphAranesa paradezI rAjA tarIke ApaNe ka9pI batAvyAM che temAM je maTI zahenazAhatane ghaNI 5Nu, AvaDe meTa kaDakasIjha pahelAnuM nAma dekhAtuM nathI. A pramANenA mulaka rajhaLatA mUkI de te bhoLAbhaTAka paNa hoI aneka vidha etihAsika kalpanAnA baLathI mAnavuM na ja zake. (ulaTuM teNe te kaDaphasIjhane potAnA hAthano rahe che ke, kaDaphasIjha pahelAnuM rAjya hiMdanI bhUmi para batAvyo hoya ema samajAya che. ( juo pu. upara thavA pAmyuM nahi hoya. etihAsika kalpanAnI 3 pR. 329). eTale samajAya che ke mathurAnA pradezapaDe, etihAsika paristhiti paNa teja vastusthiti mAMthI je keTalAka kSetranAM nAme (jene vidvAne sUcave che je nIcenI hakIkatathI siddha thatI jaNAze. pArthiane bhASAnAM hovAnuM dhAre che84 te) maLI InDopArthiana zahenazAha geDaphAranesane rAja Ave che, te kSatra A gAMDaphAranesanA athavA IrAnI amala I. sa. 45-46 mAM hiMdamAMthI baMdha thaya zahenazAhata taraphathI nimAyelA saradAraja hovA che.83 ( juo pu. 8 mAM tenuM vRttAMta ) jyAre joIe ema mAnavuM paDe che. ane jyAre AvA kaDakasIjha pahelAnuM gAdIe AvavAnuM I. sa. 31 mAM saradAronAM traNa cAra nAma jaNAyAM kare che tyAre ane tenuM maraNa I. sa. 71 mAM sAbita thaI cUkayuM sahajapaNe anumAna karavo paDaze ke te tene samUche (Ao uparamAM pR. 172 ane 173) eTale ke caya zAsanakALa kamamAMkama 25-30 varSane te je kaDaphasIjha pahelAe hiMda upara koI paNa prakAranI vyatIta thayo hazeja; ane tema hoya te kaDaphasIjha pahehakumata bhegavI hoya (jo ke tema paNa banavA lAnA zAsanane-uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANena-uttarapAmyuM ja nathI je AgaLa upara javAze) toye kALa paNa, teNe hiMdanuM meM joyA sivAya ja pUro thaI | (83) hiM. hi. pU. 647:-He died about 60 A. phAranesanI pachI je perIjha Avyo hato tene I. sa. D.=I. sa. 60nI sumAre tenuM maraNa thayuM dekhAya che. eTale 45 ane 64nI vacce, kuzanavaMzI bIjA rAja vema kaDakasIjha samajavuM rahe che ke te I. sa. 45mAM hiMda choDayA bAda gAdI uparathI uThADI mUkyo hovo joIe. [(mAruM TIppaNa) lagabhaga paMdara varasa sudhI IrAnanI gAdI upara bAdazAha A vAkayamAMnI bIjI vigate sAthe bhale ApaNe saMmata tarIke rahyo che ane tyAM sudhI IrAnanI hakumata paNa hiMda thatA nahIM hAI e, chatAM paMjAbadeza vimAkaDaphasIjha upara rahI hazeja. te bAda IrAnI zahenazAhe pitAnI sattA che tathA geDaphAranesanI pachI, tenI vatI tenA sUbAo upADI lIdhI haze. juo pu. 3 pR. 329, TI. naM 65. tyAM rAja calAvatA hatA; te be hakIkata te cekasa mAnavI ja (84) ke. e. I. (sI. je. brAuna ema. e. laMDana rahe che. AvA saradArane svataMtra zAsaka tarIke je keTa1922) pR. 33:-The deposition of Pacores, lAkoe gaNI lIdhA che te vyAjabI nathI. te ja pramANe successor of Gondopharnes to the* Pahlva DimeTrIasa ane minenDara nAmanA bekaTrIanapatinA samaye Kingdom of Taxilla must have taken place paNa judA judA prAMtamAM temanA saradAre rAjya calAvavA between the years A. D. 5 and 64, and was nimAyA hatA. temane paNa keTalAke svataMtra zAsake tarIke effected by Vima Kadphases, the second manAvavA prayatna karyo che te paNa vyAjabI thayuM nathI. jIe Kushan King<Page #184
prathama pariccheda ] kaDaphasIjhanA saMbaMdha vize . 14 javA pAmyuM hoya ema mAnavAmAM jarAya khoTuM kaDapha sIjha pahele eka subA tarIke kAma karate hato nahi ja kahevAya. ema samajAya che. teNe A samaye pAMca judI judI eTale ApaNI te mAnyatAne, virUddha puravAra karI olAdanI saMyukta banelI prajAnI saradArI lIdhI 8 ApanAra pramANu bhUta anya purAvA jyAMsudhI na maLI ane ba9kha tathA bakharAnA mulakane pote svAmI Ave, tyAMsudhI kaDakasIjha pahelAne paMjAbapati svIkArI banI beThe. pite eka vIra ane sAhasika yoddho levA mATe te ApaNe AMcake ja khAvo rahe che. hAI dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhI aphaghAnistAnavALo tethI karIne hAla turata te ApaNe tene hiMda bhAga paNa jItI lIdhuM. tenA vize eka itihAsabahAranA 5 rAjA tarIke lekhIzuM ane tema gaNI vide lakhyuM che ke,89 "His empire extended tenA jIvana vize mAtra khapapUratuM ja vivecana karIzuM. from the frontiers of Persia to the pu. 3 mAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke aleka- Indus (?) and included the kingdoms) jhAMDara dhI eITanA maraNa pachI selyukasa nIkaToravALA of Bukhara and Afghanistan...He yavana (Greeks) saradAree tenI mukhyagAdI pacAvI died at the age of 80, after a vigorous pADI hatI. ane temanA ja lohIthI mizrita banelI reign=onA rAjyano vistAra IrAnanI sarahadathI yona prajAe,87 bekaTrIAnA pradezamAM juduM ja rAjya mAMDIne, siMdhu (?) nadI sudhI phelAye have temAM bathAvI pADayuM hatuM. A bekaTrIana prajAnuM rAjya paNa bukhArA tathA aphaghAnistAnanA pradezane samAveza the vakhata kaDedhaDe cAlIne nabaLuM paDavA mAMDayuM thatuM hatuM..... zuravIra paNe rAjya calAvIne 80 hatuM. eTale temane pazcima taraphano bhAga je IrAnI varSanI umare te maraNa pAmyo hato." ATaluM jaNarAjyanI lagolaga AvI rahyo hato tene IrAnamAM vIne have vImA kaDapharasIjha vize je jANavAmAM AvyuM - bheLavI devAyo hato ane tenA upara mejhIjhane hakumata che te atre lakhIzuM. calAvavA nImavAmAM Avyo hato. jyAre pUrva taraphano tenuM ekaMdara rAjya I. sa. 71 thI I. sa. bhAga hato tenA upara, eka navIna prajA jeNe pUrva 103 sudhInA batrIsa varSa dizAethI cIna taraphathI AvIne vasavA mAMDayuM hatuM teno vema urpha kaDa- cAlyuM che (juo pR. 171) kabajo thaI paDayo hato. jo ke A prajAnA te vakhatanA phasIjha bIje temane prathamane lagabhaga bhAga saradAranuM nAma ItihAsamAM jaNAyuM nathI, paNa tenI teNe hiMdanI bahAra rahIne hakumata pachInA lagabhaga so eka varasanA vArasadAra pAse, calAvI che, jyAre pAchale huM jeTalo samaya hiMdamAM (85) hiM. hi. pU. pa05:-The Greeks were lekhAvyA che. ema kahevAya che ke dhIme dhIme teoe pazcima Aryan colonists of the Mediterranean islands, tarapha prayANa karyuM hatuM. grIka bhASAne AnIcana ane hiMdano called the Ionians. The Hindu tradition yavana zabda bane ekaja che. vaLI sarakhA pu. 3mAM pR. makes them of Hindu origin, being the de- ra97 upara sAhitya nAmanA mAsika uparathI kareluM keTaluMka scendants of Turvasu, a rebellious son of avataraNa tathA misara ane IrAna dezanA keTalAka zabdanI Yayati. It is said that these Yavans gradually karelI sarakhAmaNIvALuM lakhANuM. marched towards the west. Greek lonian, (86) jue uparanI TIka naM. 84 and Hindu Yavan is the same word=3ils (87) yena ane yavananA taphAvata mATe pu. 2 mAM loko te bhUmadhya samudramAM Avela AyenIyana TApunA Arya priyadarzinanA vRttAte juo. tathA pu. 3 pR. 141, 48 I. vasAhata hatA. cayAti rAjAnA baLavAkhora putra turvasunA | (88) juo uparamAM pR. 136-7nI hakIkata teo karI hovAthI tamane hikka datakathAmAM hiMdI olAdanA (89) hiM, hi, 5, 650-1

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142 | vema urpha [ navama khaMDa : rahI Adhipatya bhogavyuM che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa te kAraNe A pramANe che. gardabhIla vaMzI rAjA mahArAjAdhirAja' tarIke potAne jaNAvI rAjakAra- vikrama caritranuM rAjya ( juo pR. 7) I. sa. 53 bhAra paNa calAvyo che. teTalA mATe ApaNuM niyama thI 93=40 varSa cAlyAnuM noMdhAyuM che ane teNe mujaba tene hiMdanA bhUpati tarIke svIkArI, have TheTha kAzmIra sudhIne deza jItI laI tyAM potAnA pachInA paricchedamAM, jema tenA vaMzanA zeSa nRpati- sUbA maMtriguptane rAja calAvavAne nIkhyo hato (juo enAM vRttAMta lakhavAnAM chIe, tema tenuM sthAna paNa pR. 50 ) eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, kAzmira ane tyAMja nirmita karavuM raheta. chatAM A paricchedamAM, bina paMjAba upara A vikramacaritranIja ANuM cAlu rahI hiMdI nRpationAM jIvana jema saMkSiptamAM AlekhavAmAM hatI athavA ema kaho ke kaDaphasIjha bIjAe (I. AvyAM che tema A kaDaphasIjha vize paNa TUMkamAM ja sa. 71mAM gAdIe AvyAnuM gaNe te gAdIe patAvavAnI goThavaNa rAkhI che; tenuM kAraNa eTaluM ja che AvyA pachI 22 varSa sudhI athavA to (I. sa. ke tenI pachI gAdIe AvanAra kanaka rAjAe potAno 63nA varSamAM gAdIe AvI 40 varSanuM rAjaya saMvatsara cAlu karyo che. eTale saMvatsara vinAnA ane bhogavyuM hatuM ema gaNe te ) gAdIe AvyA pachI saMvatsara vALo rAja amala jude paDI jatA darzAvI 30 varSa sudhI paMjAba ke kAzmara upara sattA jamAvI zakAya, te hetusaraja A pramANe vibhAga pADayA che. nahi heya. athavA uparanI sthitine rUpAMtaramAM kaDapharasIjha pahelAnA maraNa pachI teno putra vema, goThavIe to ema kahI zakAya ke A 22 athavA kakasIjha bIjo evuM upanAma dhAraNa karI gAdIe vikalpa 30 varSa sudhIno samaya teNe hiMdanI bahAra Avyo hato. te paNa potAnA pitAnI jema zuravIra rahIne ja rAjaya calAvyuM tevuM joIe. vaLI ema ane sAhasIka hatA. ba99 sAhasikapaNAmAM tenAthI paNa ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe ke tenA pitAno eka Toca jarA AgaLa vadhI jAya te hato ema mulaka paNa hidanI bahAra, kAbula ane aphaghAnistAna paNa kahI zakAya. teNe je ke 32 varSaja rAjya sudhIja phelAyuM hatuM. eTaluM spaSTa thayuM ke, eNe calAvyuM che ane lagabhaga 80 varSanI umare te maraNa petAnA pitAnI gAdIe beThA pachI keTalAya kALa pAmyo che, chatAM tenA vize aneka vidvAnonI peThe, sudhI te pradezamAM ja ghumyA karyuM haze. e kALa keTalA janarala kaniMgahAmano mata jaNAvatAM eka graMthakAre varSa sudhI Azare laMbAye hovo joIe teja ApaNe lakhyuM che ke Cunningham gives 35 to zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. te mATe ApaNane bIjI kAMI 40 years long and victorious reign to mAhitI te nathI ja, paNa je eka be hakIkata chUTI chavAI this monarch=kaniMgahAma A rAjAne phALe 05 maLI AvI che te uparathI thoDuMka anumAna derI thI 40 varSanuM lAMbu ane parAkramI rAjya noMdhe che. zakAya che. temAMnI eka hakIkata A pramANe che-eka AvA atigahana abhyAsInA matathI paNa mAnapUrvaka lekhake 2 jaNAvyuM che ke, " ladAkha ke pAsa ke chuTA paDavAnAM ApaNane kAraNe maLe che ane tethoja khalatsa gAMvakA zilAlekha-Isa lekhame mahArAjA tenA phALe 32 varSa ane tenA pitAnA phALe 40 vema kaDaphasIjha dvitIya ke samaya ke 187 rve varSa meM hai" varSa noMdhI, te banneno ekaMdara rAjyakALa 72 varSa eTale teno artha ema nIpajI zake che ke, te samaye TharAvo paDe che. ve jyAre pitAne mahArAjanA padathI vibhUSita (90) hiM, hi. pU. 65ra vAsudeva zaraNu agravAla ema. e. ela. ela. bI "mathurA (1) uparanI TIkA na, 63 jI. kA cAIya staMbha" nAmano lekha. (92) jue uttara hiMdamAMthI pragaTa thatA mAsika (93) vaLI jue. pu. 2. sikko naM. 86; temAM paNa sudhA"ne ne mArgazIrSa aMka, pR. 5 lekhaka zrIya pitAne mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIthI vibhUSita thayela jaNAve che,

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prathama paricheda ] kaDasIjha bIje 143 jAhera kare che, tyAre teNe rAjakAraNamAM atimahatvanuM ke A sarva banAvane samaya i. sa. pU. 110-15 sthAna meLavI lIdhuM hovuM joIe. jyAre bIjI bAju Azare che. eTale jo tene pAyArUpa gaNIe te, teNe sAladarzanano je AMka mAMgyo che te 187no te cInAI olAdanA saradAranA vaMzane sthapAyA che; eTale ema sUcana kare che ke pote pitAno saMvata uparano zilAlekha karAyo hato. tyAre 187 varSa ke sAla vAparavA jevI sthitie pahoMcyo nahoto. thayA hatA gaNAya. ane te samayane kALagaNanAmAM paraMtu te AMka potAnA vaMzanA koI mahApurUSe gatimAM utArAya to I. sa. pU. 110-187=I. sa. 77mAM mUkyo hoya athavA te pote je kAInI ANamAM- banyAnuM tene noMdhI zakAya. eTale vastusthiti e ardhakhaDiyA tarIke ke sUbA tarIke-rahIne kAma karyuM thaI ke, vema kaDaphasIjhe uparanA sthaLane pitAnI sattAmAM jato hoya tenI vaparAzano hoya-AvI be sthitimAMthI 14 varSe ( je I. sa. 63 mAM gAdIe AvyAnuM ekano te AMka94 saMbhavita hovAnuM kahI zakAya. ApaNe gaNIe to ) athavA vikalpa 6 varSe ( je i. sa. ema te sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, vema kaDakasIjhane 71 mAM gAdIe AvyAnuM gaNIe te) laI lIdho. potAno naMbara, pitAnA vaMzanI apekSAe bIjo hate hato. ane mahArAjapada jevI sthiti ubhI karI ane tenA prathamanA rAjAnuM rAjya 40 varSa cAlyuM hatuM. dIdhI hatI. A pramANe eka hakIkata thaI. jyAre eTale je tevA hisAbe A AMka ketarAvAyo hato bIjI bAju, ekasapharDa hisTarI opha InDiAmAM te tenI maryAdA bahu bahu te 72 sudhI ja pahoMcata, pR. 146 upara jaNAvAyuM che ke, teNe pitAnA paNa zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyA pramANe 187 sudhI te amalanA navamA varSe cinanA zahenazAhane tenI naja pahoMcata. matalaba e thaI ke pitAnA vaMzanA dIkarI pitAne paraNAvavA mAguM karyuM hatuM. svabhAvika puruSa sAthenA saMbaMdhavALe te AMka dekhAto nathI. eTale rIte samajAya che tema, A zahenazAhe pitAnI prajAnA pachI bAkI vicAravAnI rahI tenI ardhakhaDiyA tarIkenI eka nAnakaDA jevA saradArane-pachI bhale te saradAra athavA sUbA tarIkenI ja bIjI sthiti. ApaNe uparamAM hamaNAM keTalAya deza chatI karIne meTo rAjA banyo jANI cUkayA chIe ke enA pitAe paNa amuka hoya. are bhalene potAnA karatAM paNa moTA pradezane amuka pAMca prajAnAM ToLAnI saradArI lIdhI hatI, ke rAjavI thaI paDayo hoya chatAMye, tenA kuTuMbanuM gaurava je rAjyano uddabhava bekaTIana sAmrAjyanA nAzamAMthI to turatane turata vadhI jatuM nathIja ne ! tevI che. pAmyo hato, jemAMno thoDo bhAga IrAnI zahe- gaNatrIthI-pitAnI kanyA ApavAne badale, sAme nazAhatamAM bheLavI levAyo hato ane te upara rAjazAhI tiraskAra karIne yuddhanIe5 mAMgaNI karI hovI joIe. kaTuMbanA eka nabIrA mejhIjhane hakumata calAvavA cInAI zahenazAhanA sainyapatie kaDaphasIjhane A yuddhamAM nImavAmAM Avyo hato tathA bIje pUrvano thoDo bhAga evI te sakhta hAra khavarAvI hatI ke tenA pitAnA kaI cInAI olAdanA saradAre jItI lIdho hato. sainyane meTo bhAga (kahevAya che ke, A laDAImAM beTIana sAmrAjyanI nAza karanArI krAMtino samaya kaDakasIjhanA lazkaramAMthI 70000 mANasa kapAI jo ke siddha thayela nathI paNa mojhIjhanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM gayuM hatuM) maraNa pAmI gayo ane te samaya pachI (juo pu. 3 pR. 314) sAbita karI gayA chIe keI kALe paNa kaDapha sIjhe pAchuM cIna sAmuMye joyuM (94) vidvAnoe tene bIjIja sthitine kalpI lIdho te mATe khulAse pu. 3 mAM pR. 238 juo. che. AvI ja rIte, takSilAnA eka zilAlekhamAM je 78ne (5) sarakhA nIcenI TIkA naM. 96. AMka che te kSatriya pAtikanA samayane hevA chatAM mijhIjhane (96) mA. saM. chuM. pR. 231; tene 70000 mANasanI mAnI laIne te banAvane vikRta karI devAmAM Avyo che. khuvArI khamavI paDI hatI. hiM. hi. pR. 651

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A vema u [ navama khaMDa nahi ke tenuM nAma suddhAM paNa lIdhuM nahi. eTaluMja be AbarU paNa banyo che. eTale te bAju-hiMdanI nahi, paNa je khoTAna ke anya bhUmi teNe meLavI bahAra-parAkrama karavAnuM mAMDI vALI teNe potAnuM hatI te paNa ekI kADhavI paDI hatI. A pramANe lakSa have hiMda tarapha deravAnuM durasta vicAryuM hatuM. bIjI hakIkata thaI. dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke cIna cIna sAthenuM uparanuM yuddha thayA bAda I. sa. sAthenuM yuddha te pitAnA rAjyanA navamA varSe zarU 71+9=80 sudhI Doka vakhata teNe susthita thavAmAM thaIne khatama thayuM che. (athavA laMbAyuM hoya te gALyo hato ema samajAya che. te bAda dhIme dhIme paNu-navamA varSa bAda ) eTale jo cIna pratye tene paMjAba ane kAzmira jItI lIdhAM hatAM. sara jona tiraskAra vyApta thayo hoya to, navamA varSa bAdaja mArazala sAhebanuM mAnavuM ema che ke Kushanas thayo kahevAya. chatAM jyAre tene ApaNe teja cInAI obtained Taxilla in 60 A. D.= kuzAnee zahenazAhane saMvata vAparatA najare dekhIe chIe, I. sa. 60mAM philA jItI lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre pre. raTena tyAre te ema kabUla karavuM ja rahe che ke te zilAlekha kenAu evo mata dharAve che ke99 Sirkap (the ketarAvyo tyAM sudhI tene ane cInAI zahenazAhane capital of Khaharatas, Saka and sAre sAruM ja cAlyuM jatuM hatuM. matalaba e thaI ke te Parthian rulers of Taxilla=page 2) was zilAlekha ketarAvAyAno samaya. pitAnA rAjyanA sacked by Kushanas about 70 A.D= navamA varSe cInAI zahenazAha sAthe kaDaphasIjha bIje sIrakepane100 (tazilApati kSaharATa, zaka ane yuddhamAM utaryo te pUrvene ja gaNa paDaze. A kAraNathI pArthianonI je rAjadhAnI hatI te=juo pR. 2) tenA rAjya 14mA varSane badale 6ThThA varSe te ketarAyo Azare I. sa. 70 mAM kuzAne bALI nAkhyuM hovAnuM ApaNe gaNavuM joIe. ane tema thatAM Apa. hatuM. eka hakIkata takSilA jItyA bAbatanI che. Apa e paNa siddha thaI gayuM ke, tenA rAjyano AraMbha temAM I. sa. 60 nI sAla che. jyAre bIjImAM I. sa. I. sa. 63 ne badale I. sa. 71 mAM ja thayo hovAnuM 70 nI sAla che. paraMtu temAMthI jIta meLavIne gaNavuM rahe che. eTale samuccaya teno rAjyakALa 32 bALI nAMkhyAnI sthiti thaI che, ke jIta ane nAza varSane ja kahevAya. (juo pR. 132 tathA pR. 135 kare te banne eka ja sthiti sucaka che te kAMI TI. naM. 63) spaSTa thatuM nathI. eTale samAdhAna khAtara ema svIkAra uparanA varNanathI eka vastusthiti e spaSTa karI zakAya ke, prathama chata hatI ane pachI vinAza thaI gaI ke teNe potAnA sAhasikapaNAthI ane thayo hato; ane tenA samaya mATe 70 nI sAla kAMDAnA baLathI jamInane meTa vistAra jItI lIdhI hatI. 101 A samayanI badhI gaNatrI vidvAnoe je hato, ane vijyaprAptinA dhamaMDamAMne dhamaMDamAMja, pitAnA makI che te zaka saMvata (uttara hiMdamAM cAlate ziratAja evA zahenazAhanI kaMvarInuM mAruM karyuM saMvata; jene have pachI ApaNe kazAna saMvata tarIke hatuM. pariNAme pitAne pastAvuM paDayuM che. vaLI kAMIka oLakhAvavAnA chIe te) I. sa. 78mAM sthapAye (7) zahenazAha pite ja tenI chatathI khuzI thaIne (99) jue. ja. i. hi kavai. pu. 12 pU. 32 pitAnI zubhecchA ke AnaMda pradarzita karavAne pitAnI putrI (100) ja. che. hi. kavai. pu. 12. 5. 2 tene paraNAve te judI vAta che ane pite sAmA uThIne tevI (101) je ke ApaNe pu. 3 pR. 25-6mAM takSilAnA mAMgaNuM ekalAve te judI vAta che. benI vacce teTalo phera gaNAya. nAza vize judI ja sthiti kalpI kADhI che. eTale tyAMnI (98) jue a. hi. I. (mitha) AvRti 4 pR. ane ahInI-ema banne vastusthiti sarakhAvIne kharUM 272 nuM TIppaNa tAtparya zodhI kADhavAnI jarUra che.

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prathama paricacheda ] kaDaphasIjha bIje 145 hata evA hisAbathI karI che. jyAre te saMvatanI hiMdamAM TheTha banArasa sudhI jIta meLavyAnuM noMdhAyuM Adi to I. sa. 103 mAMja thaI che ema AgaLa che. te bAbata jaNAvavAnuM ke, tema banavA pAmyuM upara ApaNe sAbita karIzuM. eTale 103-78=25 nahIM hoya; kemake mathurAthI 12-14 mAila dUra mATe varSane je taphAvata paDe che te, upara TharAvela 70 nAmanuM eka gAma AveluM che. tyAM AgaLathI sAMprataI. sa. mAM bheLavatAM. takSilAnA nAzano kharekharo kALe tenI siMhAsana upara birAjIta karelI mUti samaya to ApaNe I. sa. 70+25=95 mUkavo maLI AvI che. eTale tyAM sudhI mulaka te teNe paDaze. bIjI bAju ApaNe batAvI gayA chIe jItI lIdhelo hato ema samajAya che. paraMtu pote ke gardabhIla rAjya vikramacaritrane sUo maMtrigupta mathurA upara koI jAtanuM AkramaNa lAvI zako I. sa. 93 AsapAsanA samaya sudhI kAzmira upara nahI hoya. jo tema thayuM hota te tenAM kAMIka cihe hakumata calAvI rahyo hato. A banne sthitinuM te mUkyA vinA raheta nahIM ane tenI siMhAsanAsIta ekIkaraNa karatAM ema phalitArtha kADhI zakAze ke, mUrti, je mathurAthI mAtra 14 mAIleja nIkaLI che vikramacaritra gardabhIlanA rAjyanA aMtamAM ke tenA tene badale mathurA zaheramAMthI maLI AvI heta; maraNa pachI turataja, vima kaDaphasIjhe hiMda upara caDAI athavA to tene saMvata je tenI pachInA vaMzaja karI hatI ane paMjAba tathA kAzmira jItI lIdhAM kaniSka pahelAe calAvyo che. te tenA samayathI ja hatAM. te bAda teNe potAnA kadama dhImedhIme uttara hiMdamAM gatimAM mUkAyo hota. eTaleja zaMkA uddabhave che ke, laMbAvavA mAMDyA hatAM. vaLI vikramacaritra pachInA be mathurA sudhI tene rAjya amala pahoMcI zake nahIM rAjAo nabaLA hovAthI, tene AgaLa vadhavAmAM koIno hAya'03 paNa mAtra 14 mAIla cheTeja rahyo haze jabarajasta sAmane kare paDyo hoya ema mAnI ane tyAM tenuM maraNa nIpajyuM haze. kadAca dalIla zakAtuM nathI. vaLI tenA vize eka noMdha nIkaLe che. ke0i2 khAtara ema paNa kahI zakAya ke, mATe te mathurAnuM "Kadphisis next attacked India. All eka paruM haze. eTale104 pate mathurApata te thaye North-west India, as far as Benares haze, chatAM tenuM maraNa mATa nAmanA gAmanuM sthaLa (except perhaps Sind) passed to him= jyAM atra che tyAM thayuM haze ane aMtima kriyA tyAM te bAda kaDakasI hiMda upara caDAI karI hatI ane karavAmAM AvI haze tenAM smAraka tarIke sihAsanAbanArasa sudhIne Akho uttara hiMda tathA (kadAca sAta tenI mUrti goThavavAmAM AvI haze; athavA siMdha sivAyano) pazcima hiMdustAna tenA hAthamAM te sthaLa ja tenA dharmanuM kaI tIrthadhAma haze. athavA AvI paDayo hato. atra ApaNe pazcima hiMdanI. ema paNa uttara goThavI zakAya ke, te mathurApati te chata vize prazna carcavAne nathI, paNa teNe uttara banyA hatA, paNa cInAI zahenazAha sAthenA yuddhamAM (102) juo hiM. hi. pU. 652 je samayathI ayaMtinI gAdI meLavI che te samayathI te saMvate. (103) jema martha hiMdamAM avaMtinuM sthAna anupama calAvyA nathI, paNa pitAnA vaMzanA AdipurUSathI je lekhAtuM hatuM ane tene vijetA potAnA jIvatarane dhanya bannenA kisAmAM temanA pitA ja hatA) tene prAraMbha mAnatA hatA tema uttara hiMdamAM mathurAnuM sthAna gaNAtuM hatuM. gaNAvyo che ]. tethI karIne ja, paradezI AkramaNakAromAMnA nahapANe avaMti (104) A upasthI ema paNa siddha thaI jAya che ke, jItI laIne, tathA caThaNe paNa avaMti jItI laIne mAtra nAmanuM sthaLa che. te mathurAnuM paruM nahatuM ja; ane ema pitAne "rAjA" parathI vibhUSita karyA che ane pitAnA siddha thayuM te e paNa ApoApa siddha thaI gayuM ke te vaMzanA saMvata calAvyA che. [alabatta eTaluM kharuM ke, temaNe samaye mathurA vistAra, mATa sudhI laMbAya nahato.

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jema kaDakasIjha [ navama aMDa te je zikarata AvI pa hatI tathA potAnA tenA maraNanA smAraka tarIke, tene saMvata na calAvatAM pUjAnA meLavelA keTalAka prAte gumAvI devA paDayA tenA putre pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA samayathIja saMvatano hatA, te kalaka tenA hadayamAM eka zalya tarIke khUo AraMbha gaNAvyo che. te vaLI savAla e thaze ke zuM tuM hatuM. pariNAme pitAne vijayadarzaka saMvata kaniSka e naguNo banyo hato ke potAnA pitAnA salAvavAno vicAra teNe paDatA mUkI dIdhuM haze. game parAkramanI avagaNanA karI de? paraMtu vAstavikatA e tema hoya, paNa kuzAna saMvatano prAraMbha tenA rAjyathI kahevAta ke, tenA pitAnA rAjyAraMbhathI ja te zakanI ame nathI eTaluM cokakasa cheja. koI ema paNa bacAva Adi teNe gaNAvavI raheta. A badhI kalapanA tenAthI lAvI zakaze ke teNe mathurA te sara karyuM hatuM paNa zaka je pravartamAna thayo nathI te eka ja vastu turata maraNa pAmyo hato. eTale te samayathI ja tenA sthitithI dharAzAyI thaI paDe che. ane jyAre mathurA zakane AraMbha thayo che. paraMtu koI saMvatanI Adi sudhI paNa te pahoMcI zakI nathI tyAre mathurAnI pUrve tenA pravartakanA maraNanA samayathI gaNavAnI prathA keTalAye mAIlanA aMtare Avela banArasa sudhI te sAla thaI hoya tevuM jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. teTalAmATe te pahoMcyo hovAnuM mAnIja kema zakAya ?

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dvitIya pariccheda kuzanavaMza (cAlu) TUMkasAra-(1) kaniSka pahele-kuzanavaMzamAM A kaniSka ja rAjA pada prathama grahaNa karyuM hatuM tenuM Apela kAraNa-vema sAthe tene saMbaMdha kevA prakArano hoya tenuM Apela varNana -tenI jIta ane rAjya vistArane Apela citAra-tenI rAjanIti, kuTuMba ane umara vizenI karela carcA-tene dharma tathA te AdhAre ghaDAyala tenA jIvanavRttAMtane karela vivAda-baddhadharmanA prasAra bAbatamAM vidvAnanA maMtavyonAM karelAM TAMcaNa-kuzAnaprajAnA ItihAsamAMthI jANavA yogya ATha muddAonI karela tAravaNI-temAMnA pAMcanuM, egya sthaLe vivecana karavAnuM jaNAvI, A prakaraNe saMbaMdha dharAvatA mAtra traNanuM karela vivaraNatemAM paNa AryaanAryanI samajUti vizenI viziSTatA- (2) vajheSTha, jhaSka, jukA-tenuM Apela jIvana vRttAMta- (3) haviSka-haSka-tenA vize ubhI thatI keTalIye muzkelInuM yathAzakti khulAsA ane carcA karI ApeluM nirAkaraNa-tenI umara tathA rAjakuTuMba sAthenA saMbaMdhanuM karela varNana (4) kaniSka bIje-tenA rAjyakALe thayela sAmAjIka tathA dhArmika banAvenuM varNana ApI, tenAM nAma tathA umara vize pADela prakAza-aMte bane kaniSkanA guNonI karela tulanA- . (5) vAsudeva pahelo--tenA samaye Avela dharmakAMtinI batAvI Apela zakyatA(6thI13)kuzAna vaMzanI thayelI samApti-vidvAnee tenAM kapela kAraNonI lIdhela tapAsa

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148 kaniSka pahelo [ navama khaMDa (1) kaniSka pahelA che. eTale ke A banne paradezI rAjakartAoe, khuda pitAnA vazanI gaNatrIe tene naM. 3 Ave che, hiMdamAM nivAsa sthAna karyA chatAMe paNu ApaNe atra hiMdI itihAsanA abhyAsI tarIke kaniSka zA mATe ane aneka mulaka upara rAjyavarNana AlekhatA hovAthI teno naM. 1 (pahelo ja) rAjA kahevA sattA ane adhikAra bhogavyA lekhavAne che; kemake pitAnA vaMzanA rAjAomAMthI te chatAMe, jyAM sudhI sakaLa hiMdano siAthI prathama teNe ja hiMdamAM gAdI sthApIne, paddhati hadayarUpa gaNAte evo avaMtideza prApta karyo nahote, pUrvaka rAjakArabhAra calAvavA mAMDayA hatA. tyAM sudhI "rAjA" pada jema dhAraNa karyuM nahotuM, paNa jema kaDakasIjhanA maraNa bAda tenI gAdInI lagAma potAnA deza taraphanA adhikAra sUcaka kSatrapa ke mahAkaniSka pahelAnA hAthamAM AvI che. A benI vacce kSatrapa para je hatAM tene ja dhAraNa karIne saMteSa dharyo kAMI sagapaNa saMbaMdha hato ke kema? athavA te bannee hatuM, tema A kazAnavaMzI saradArone paNa, teo hiMda rAjapada dhAraNa karyuM tenI vacce kAMI samaya pasAra bahAranI ja paradezI prajA hovAthI, uparanA rAjathayo hato ke kema? A be praznonI vicAraNuM ati vaMzIonuM ja anukaraNa karavAnI salAha maLI hoya mahattvanuM sthAna roke che. temAMye pAchalo prazna to te athavA temanA pagale cAlavAnuM temaNe ja durasta vizanI nAmAvalI ane samayAvaLI nakkI karIne goThavatI vicAryuM hoya evA anumAna upara ApaNe javuM paDe vakhate ApaNe pUravAra (juo pR. 133) karI cUkyA che. vaLI A kalpanAne e uparathI samarthana maLe che chIe ke ekanA maraNabAda lAgalAja bIjAno rAjaamala ke, kaDakasIjha bIjAe sikkA te paDAvyA che ane zarU thayo hato, eTale have te muddo pharIne cace hiMdanI bhUmi upara adhikAra paNa bhogavyo che, chatAM raheto nathI. paraMtu te benI vaccenA sagapaNa saMbaMdha vize teNe "rAjA" padathI vibhUSita thaIne ekapaNa sikko haja pUratI chaNAvaTa thaI nathI tethI tenI khAsa paDAvyo hovAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. kharuM che ke teNe rAjA' vicAraNA karavI jarUrI che. te mATe AgaLanA karatAM paNa vizeSa mahattvatAdarzaka " rAjAdhirAja pArigrAphe carcA karI che. eTale tenA rAjyane lagatI athavA mahArAjAnA birUda jevo IlakAba pitAnA anya hakIkate upara ja atra ApaNuM lakSa keMdrita nAma sAthe joDI te dIdho hato, paNa mathurA zaheramAM karIzuM. pitAnA nAmanI rAjA tarIkenI uSaNa te gajita tenA sikkAo je maLI AvyA che te uparathI karI zakyo nahato (je ApaNe tenA vRttAMta lakhatAM spaSTa thAya che ke teNe "rAjA'nuM upanAma pitAne gata paricchedamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe). eTale eja lagADeluM che. jema kSaharATa nahapANe (juo pu. 4 mAM vicAra upara anumAna doravAya che ke, jema sakaLa tenuM vRttAMta) avaMti chatI avaMtipati tarIke pitAnA hiMdanuM madhyasthAna avaMtine gaNavAmAM AvatuM hatuM sikkA paDAvatAM temAM "rAjA"nuM birUda ketaravAnuM tema uttarahiMdanuM madhyasthAna mathurAne gaNAtuM tevuM zarU karyuM hovAnuM ApaNe jANyuM che, tema kSatrapa caThaNe joIe; ane jyAM sudhI te bhUmine pote svAmI na paNa, je aneka sikkAo paDAvyA che temAM paNa bane tyAM sudhI potAnA sArvabhaumatvamAM teTalA aMze keTalAka upara "rAjA'nuM birUda jovAya che; ane te uNapa rahI che ema gaNAtuM hovuM joIe. eTale ja, vize manAya che ke (AvatA paricchedamAM tene lagatI vema kaDaphasIjha pitAne teTalA daraje banazIba rahelA carcA karatAM ApaNe sAbitI ApIzuM) tevA sikkAo samajate rahI gayele najare paDe che. jyAre kaniSkane teNe paNa avaMtinI gAdI hAtha karyA pachI ja paDAvyA te padathI vibhUSita thayela joIe chIe tyAre ema (1) juo gata parike TIkA na, 100

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dvitIya pariccheda ] nizcaya karavA paDe che ke, teNe pAte mathurAnA svAmI banatAM ja, rAjA payukta sikkA paDAvyA haze; vaLI rAjA karatAM paNa adhika gaiAravavaMtu mahArAjAdhirAjanuM pada pAtAnA eka pUrvaje dhAraNa karyuM heAvAthI, peAtAne darajajo te samayathI bhinna paDI gayA che ema darzAvavA, temaja sAthe sAthe potAnA vaMzanuM nAma ujjavaLa akSare itihAsanAM pRSThe garvAnvipaNe uccArAtuM jaLavAI rahe te sArU, peAtAnA vaMzane eka zukasaMvatsara paNu pracalita karI dIdhA heAvA joie. itihAsakAra| atyAre tene uttaraviMdanA zaka tarIke oLakhAvI rahyA che. zAmATe rAjA kahevAyA 149 pR. 128 upara darzAvelI vaMzAvaLI ) je vAtane InkAra ApaNe teja paricchede AgaLa cAlatAM sAbita karI batAvyeA che. eTale temanI mAnyatAne AdhAre racAyala anumAnamAM ApaNe pheraphAra ja karavA rahe che. tethI karIne mArUM mAnavuM teA ema thAya che ke, te khenI vacce sagapaNa saMbaMdha hatA eTaluM ja nahIM paNa ulaTuM temane saMbaMdha pitAputra tarIkenA ja hAvA joie. kemake (1) te khetI vacce samayanuM kAMI ja aMtara rahI gayuM nathI paraMtu abhaMgaApaNe temane rAjyakALa cAlu rahelA dekhAya che . (2) AgaLa upara varNavelA tenA rAjya vistAranuM vRttAMta vAMcatAM jaNAya che ke, tenA purAgAmI evA tema kaDasIjha sAthe cInAI zahenazAhe je prakAranA apamAnabharyuM vartAva karyAM hatA, teneA javAba teNe tevA ja kaDaka pagalAM bharIne athavA kaho ke tenA ja sikkA tene sAmA badalAmAM parakhAvIne vALyA hatA. vicAra karA ke, jo kAI e rAjA vacce kAMI saMbaMdha ja na heAya, teA eke rAjA laDAI laDavAnuM jokhama mAthe uThAve khareA ? are kahevAya ke saMbaMdhanI vAta te eka bAju rahI paNa te saMbaMdha ati dhaniSTha prakAranA ane saheje ja eka khIjAne asara paheAMcADanArA hAvA jAie (3) dhArA ke, enA samaya vacce kAMI gALeA paDayA hatA ja (A carcAnA anya kAraNAnI tapAsa tA AgaLa levAI gaI cheH paraMtu je kAraNa tapAsyA vinAnuM rahevA dIdhuM hatuM te ekalAnI ja carcA ahIM karI che. ) te vAstavika upara jaNAvyA pramANe peAtAnA vaMzamAMthI teNe ja mathurA zahera jItIne prathama praveza temAM karyAM hAvA joI e. A jIta teNe kayA varase meLavI hatI. tenA samaya sAthe ApaNe bahu saMbaMdha nathI. game te vakhate meLavI hAya, paNa teNe ja meLavI hatI, eTale tenA ja rAjyAraMbhathI te zakanA prAraMbha thayA gaNI zakAya, A kuzAna vaMzanA dvitIya bhUpati vema kaDasIjhane ane A trIjA bhUpati rAjA kaniSkane kAMI sagapaNa saMbaMdha haze ke kema te vize vema ane tenA vidvAnamAM matabheda rahela haeNAya samaya ema jaNAya che. keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke te e vacce kAMI ja saMbaMdha heAvA na joIe, kAraNa ke te benA rAjya amala vacce lagabhaga dasa varasanA gALA paDI gayelA che. ( jIe gata paricchede (2) jema A dasa varSanA gALAnI vAta pazu, pAte dArelA anumAnane baMdhabesatA karavAne geAThavI kADhavI paDI che, tema A vaMzanI sthApanAnA samaya mATe paNa i. sa. 78ne samaya temaNe joDI dIdhA che. bAkI te mATe pramANa ke AdhAra rajI thayA nathI ja. atre temane doSa devAne mArA hetu nathI, paNa sa MzodhananA viSaya ja evA che ke aneka ThekANe anumAna ane kalpanAe nIpAvI kADhavI paDe che ane pachI ja tene aneka purAvA sAthe kasI jevI paDe che. kahevAnu` tApa e chaeN ke kasoTIe caDAvyA pahelA tenA udbhava te karavA ja rahe che. AvI sthiti che; tene jo kAI nAmacIna ke chApadhArI vidvAna ArArA lye te tene sa` kAI svIkArI lye che eTaluM ja nahi paNa tenAM guNagAna suddhAM gAvA ma`DI paDe che. jyAre mArA jevA koI ugatA ke nave! nIzALIe teluM pagaluM bhare che te tene mAthe kaMIne kaMI zIrapAva ApavA ma`DI jAya che. AvI jAtanI manedazAmAM sudhArA karavA rahe che. [A che khAkhatAmAMnI eka te nirAdhAra heAvAnu' atra sAbita thayuM che; ane bIMchanA pazu teja pramANe pheja thavAnA che te caRNunA vRttAMte samAvyuM che tyAMthI joI levuM. ]

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150 veba sAthe [ navama khaMDa zuM che ke, vema bIjAnI gAdInuM sthAna ane kaniSkanI yu vihArathI ema sAbita thAya che ke, te samaye gAdInuM sthAna banne judA judA pradezamAM heta. paNa siMdhu nadInA nIcenA-dakSiNa taraphanA pradeza sudhI tema te nathI ja, kemake bannenAM sthAna mATe ane kuzAna sAmrAjya laMbAyuM hatuM. A kathananI pratIti mathurA ja che, ke je mAtra bahu bahu to bAreka mAIlanA hiMdu hisTarI nAme pustakanA lekhaka mahAzayanA nIcenA che. ja AvelAM sthaLo che. paraMtu bhinna pradezanuM aMtara zabdathI ApaNane maLe che. His dominions indarzAvatAM sthAna nathI. dalIla karAya ke, kAzmiranI cludes Kabul, Kashmir, Mattura and hakumatane aMge benA samayanI vaccenuM te aMtara darzAve che. Magadh (5) Practically he was the Lord kharuM che ke dezadezanI chatanA samayamAM aMtara te haMmezAM Paramount in North India= tenA sAmrArahe ja, paraMtu tethI ema nathI siddha thatuM ke te be jayamAM kAbula, kAzmira, mathurA tathA magadhaY (2) vacce sagapaNa saMbaMdha ja nahate. ulaTuM jemane ne samAveza thato hato-vAstavika rIte uttara hiMdane mata ema che ke, teo vacce kAMI saMbaMdha hovo na te eka chatrI samrATa hatA. A jIta meLavyA bAda joIe teo paNa eTale te svIkAra kare che ja, ke hiMda bahAranI pitAnA vaMzanI jhAMkhI paDelI kItine teo eka jAtinI prajAnA ja hatA. ujavALavA tarapha teNe pitAnuM dhyAna doravyuM hoya uparanAM traNa temaja vaMzAvaLI goThavatAM karelI ema samajAya che. prathama teNe kAzmira dezamAM pitAnuM carcAmAM darzAvela anya kAraNone samagrapaNe vicAra sthAna majabUta karI, tyAM pitAnA nAme kaniSkapura karIe chIe tyAre eTalA ja sAra upara AvavuM rahe nAmanuM gAma vasAvyuM dekhAya che. ane tyAMthI sIdho ja che ke, te banne pitAputra thatA hovA joIe. -eTale ke paibaraghATanA raste hiMdanI bahAra nIkaLI teNe 23 varSa rAjya karyuM hovAnuM ApaNe dhI hiMdukuza parvatane cakrAvo mArIne javAne badale keI ghATa gayA chIe. eTale tenuM rAjya I. sa. 103thI 126 dvArA khAna ane tibeTamAM utaryo hoya ema mAluma sudhI laMbAyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM paDe che. te pradeza kamekrame cinAI zahenazAhanA saratene rAjyavistAra rahe che. A sarva samaya teNe dAro pAsethI jItI levAnI kAravAI teNe racI hatI deze jItavAmAM tathA laDAio ane temAM phAvyo paNa hato. te eTale sudhI ke, lavAmAM ja gALyo dekhAya che. tethI karIne uttara pitAnA purogAmIne-have ApaNe sAbita karI cUkyA hiMdano pazcima rAjaputAnA ane siMdhavALo bhAga chIe ke te purogAmI eTale vema kaDakasIjha tene lagabhaga saghaLe jItI laIne teNe pitAnuM sAmrAjya pitA ja thato hato tethI tenA pitAne-je zikasta ati vistRta banAvI dIdhuM hatuM. A bAbata ApI cInAI zahenazAhe 25-30 varSa upara mulaka kembrIja hisTarI opha InDiyAne lekhaka pitAno laI lIdho hato te sarve pradeza pitAnA sAmrAjyamAM abhiprAya jaNAvatAM uccAre che ke, "The Sie bheLavI lIdho tathA te uparAMta, te zahenazAhe pitAnA Vihara of the 11th year of Kani- pitA tarapha bhajavela apamAnajanaka vartAvanA vairarUpI shka proves that the suzerainty of badalA tarIke, te zahenazAhanA eka putrane potAnA the kushanas extended to the coun darabAramAM-eTale mathurAmAM-laDAInA bAna tarIke try of the lower Indus at this date= eka pratinidhi rUpe mokalavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. kaniSka pitAnA rAjyanA agiArame varSe baMdhAvela A jItanuM varNana lakhatAM eNkasapharDa hisTarI eNka (3) jue AgaLa upara TI. na. 12nuM mULa lakhANu, (4) jue majakura pustaka bhAga 1 5, 703

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dvitIya pariccheda ] kaniSkane saMbaMdha 151 InDiyAmAMke lakhela che ke "He avenged his tema A rAjA kaniSkanI bAbatamAM banavA pAmyuM hatuM. predecessors defeat in Chinese Turke- jenI noMdha kasapharDa hisTarI opha InDiAmAM stan=cInAI turkastAnamAM tene harAvIne potAnA nIcenA zabdomAM levAI che.10 Tradition affirms puregAmIne parAjaya pamADayAnA verano teNe badalo that he must have been smothered, lIdhe hato" tyAre vaLI bhArata dezanA saMkSipta Iti- while on his last Northern campaign hAsanA lekhake te sAphasApha zabdomAM jaNAvI dIdhuM by officers, who had grown weary of che ke "yArakhaMDa, khoTAna ke prAMta chata lIye exile beyond the passes=daMtakathA kahe che? aura cInI yuvarAja kaniSka ke darabAmeM jyAnata ke je saradAro ghATanI pelI pAra lAMbe vakhata gALa(pratinidhi) ke tarapara......(bheja dIyA thA)... vAthI khUba kaMTALI gayA hatA temaNe uttara pradezanI , ATalethI ja nahIM aTakatAM kadAca teNe potAnAM (rAjAnI) caDAI laI jatAM tene raheMsI nAMkhyo haze." pagalAM AgaLa laMbAvI megeliyA nAmano cInAI A badhA vivecanathI rAmajAze ke rAjA kaniSkanuM pradeza paNa teNe jItI lIdho hoya ema samajAya che. jethI maraNa kudaratI saMjogomAM nathI ja thayuM, pachI ekAda hiMdu hisTarIne lekhaka jaNAve che ke, The name - sainike ja khUna karyuM hoya ke koI aphasare paNa karyuM and fanne of Kanishka is cherished hoya; ekAde karyuM hoya ke anekoe baLavo karIne by tradition, not only in India, but karyuM hoya; kadAca TheTha cInanI uttara hada thayuM hoya also in Tibet, China, and Mongolia= ke vaccenA pradezamAM thayuM hoya; game tema thayuM hoya daMtakathA pramANe, rAjA kaniSkanAM nAma ane kIrti paNa pitAnAM sagAMvahAlAM ane kuTuMbIjanethI ghaNe ekalA hiMdamAM ja nahIM, paNa tibeTa, cIna ane dUra ane pitAnA rAjanagara temaja gharathI Adhe, megeliyAmAM paNa sAcI rIte harSabhera jaLavAI rahyAM koI ajANI bhUmimAM te maraNa pAme che che. matalaba ke teNe cIna dezanI uttara hada sudhInA eTale te cokkasa samajavuM rahe cheja. atre eTalI prAMte jItI lIdhA hatA. "bhane nahIM bha" te noMdha ja karavI jarUranI che ke, have to tenuM kahetI anusAra ATalethI saMtoSa na dharatAM te AgaLa maraNa nIpajI cUkela hovAthI pharIne hiMdamAM te Ave ne AgaLa jIta karate dhasamasI javA lAgyo. eTale ane mathurAnI dakSiNe Avela avaMtideza ke anya lAMbA samayathI potAnA vatanathI dUra dUra haDasAI pradeza jItavAnuM mana upara ye, te prazna ja vicAra gayela sainyadaLamAMnA keIka sipAIe, jema aleka- rahetuM nathI. bAkI te gAdIe beThe te samaye jhAMDara dhI greITanuM khUna karI nAMkhyAnuM kahevAya che? hiMdanI bahAra javAne badale avaMtideza ke dakSiNa hiMda (5) magadha deza teNe jItyo hato evo purAvo mane (10) jue te pustakamAM pU, 130 maLyo na hovAthI ahIM meM saMpAdarzaka cinha mUkayuM che. (11) je ke ahIM te mAtra daMtakathA tarIke ja jaNAvyuM (6) jue te pustakanuM pR. 130 che. paNa be traNa vidvAno eka ja prakAranuM kathana karyA kare che (7) juo te pustaka pR. 232 eTale ApaNe tene sAdhAraNa hakIkta tarIke mAnyuM che. chatAM (8) jue te pustakamAM pU. 653 banavA yeAgya che ke, sarve kathAnake paNa pitAne maLelI (9) atyAra sudhI itihAsamAM A pramANe jaNAvAya ejja hakIkta--athavA kaho ke-daMtakathAne laIne ja tene te che; paraMtu have te alekajhAMDare hiMda upara karelA A huma- vidhAna karyuM gayA hoya. bhAnuM AkhuM varNana ja navIzAdhanA AdhAre kadAca pharI vaLI ema paNa banatuM jaNAyuM che ke, eka vakhatanI jatuM dekhAya tema lAge che tethI ahIM khUna karI nAMkhyAnI daMtakathA lAMbe dahADe satya hakIkta tarIke paNa puravAra kahevAya che ema lakhavuM paDayuM che. thaI jAya che.

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kaniSkanI 152 mulaka jItI levAne teNe vicAra karyo hAta, tA tenuM parAkrama ane sAhasikapaNuM jotAM, te sahelAIthI sarve jItI laIne, magadhapati thayela aneka samrATA karatAM vadhAre nahIMtA teTaleAja bhUmipradeza te jItI laI zakata; kemake te samaye ati upara tathA dakSiNanA AMdhradeza upara, je rAjakartAe rAja karatA hatA te sarve khaLavAna naheAtA; je hakIkatanI AgaLa upara caSNunuM varNana karatAM ApaNane khAtrI thaze, eTaluM ja nahIM pazu caNu jevA nAnA kSatrapa je tenA gajA karatAM vizeSa baLavAna banI zakayA che, te paNa upara varNavelA saMjogenuM ja pariNAma hatuM tathA ApaNe TAMkelA kathananA pratIkarUpa hatuM ema sahelAIthI samajamAM utarI jaze. - uparanA pArigrAphamAM sAbita karI gayA pramANe tenA rAjya vistAra hiMdamAM je tevI rAjanIti, hatA te karatAM hiMdanI bhUmi bahAra kuTuMba tathA umara vizeSa hatA ema turata dekhAI Ave che. paraMtu ApaNI maryAdA atra, mAtra bhAratadeza puratuM varNana karavAnI hAIne ApaNe tatsaMbaMdhIja vivecana karavAnA adhikArI chIe. ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke, teNe jema jema mulakA abje karI levA mAMDayA, tema tema tene AgaLane AgaLa vadhavAnI AkAMkSA uttejIta thavA lAgI hatI. pariNAme rAjavahIvaTa calAvavAmAM tenuM lakSa bilakula na hatuM; balke heAya te paNa pAte dUrane dUra hAvAthI temAM caMcupAta paNa karI zake tevA saMjogA nahAtA. tethI teNe peAtAnI agAu thaI gayelA rAjavIone pagale cAlavAnuM yeAgya dhAryuM hatuM. jema hiMdI samrATa priyadarzine, yAnapati DimeTrIasa ane menenDare tathA inDeApArthiana samrATAe peAtapeAtAnI hakumata taLe Avela pradezanA sagavaDa paDatA bhAgalA pADI, te dareka upara kArAbArI kArya mATe sUkSmAe nImI dIdhA hatA, tema rAjA kaniSTha paNa karyuM hatuM. AvA kAmamAM teNe peAtAnA (12) jIe ekasa hIsTarI opha inDiyAmAM [ navama khaMDa umaralAyaka be putronI sauthI prathama sahAya lIdhI hatI. te emAMthI jyeSTha putranuM nAma vAsiSTha--vaseSka (TUM kanAma greSTha-jIka) ane tethI nAnAnuM nAma haviSka--jhuSka hatuM. vAsiSTha yuvarAja pade niyukta karAye| hAvAthI tene pAtAjeTalI-eTale samrATa tarIkenA sarva adhikAra soMpI-rAjanagara rahI sarva kArAkhAra calAvavA uparAMta anya prAMtika sarva adhikArIo upara sAmAnya dekharekha rAkhavAnuM kArya niyata karyuM hatuM; jyAre huvizkate, kAzmira ane tenI AsapAsanA pradeza saMbhALavAnu sAMpyuM hatuM. temaja rAjaputAnA (madhmadeza te kahevAtA hatA ane tenI rAjadhAnIne madhyamikA nagarI kahevAmAM AvatI hatI jIe. pR. 3. bhUmakanA vRttAMte ) tathA siMdhavALA pradeza upara peAtAnA rAjavaMzI kuTuMbaneA teA nahIM ja, paNu peAtAnI khAsiyatane anukULa paDe tevA ane kalAmAM rahe tevA eka saradAra je mAtika nAme hatA tene kSatrapa pada arpaNa karI tyAM nImyA hatA. A saradAra rAjA kaniSkanA samayamAM ja maraNu pAmavAthI te sthAna upara tenA ja putra caNune teja adhikAra sAthe-kSatrapade, niyukta karavAmAM AvyeA hateA ( je hakIkata ApaNe tRtIya paricchede vistArapUrvaka darzAvI che). A pramANe rAjyanA mukhya traNa adhikArIe nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. uparanA traNamAMnA khe mukhya hoddA vize, AkasapharDa hisTarI Apha inDiyAnA lekhakanuM kathana haju sAkSI pure che; jyAre trIjAnI bAbatamAM kAI ThekANe adyApi paryaMta ullekha thayA najare paDatA nathI. paraMtu A pachInA paricchede darzAvelI hakIkata uparathI ApaNe geAThavI kADhavI paDI che. uparanA lekhaka mahAzaya jaNAve che ke,12.--Kanishka spent most of his life, waging successful wars; whilst absent on his distant expeditions, he left the government of the Indian province in the hands of, first of Vasishka, apparently his pR. 130nuM avatara Nu.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] rAjanIti I. I 153. elder and then of Huvishka ap- bhogavI zakata. matalaba ke kema jANe dareka rAjA parently his younger son=kanike pitAnI lagabhaga 70-70 varSanI umara lagabhaga lakhAvIne jIdagIne moTo bhAga laDAio karavAmAM ane jItavA- AvyA na hoya ? ATaluM chatAM ye jyAre bIjA muddAno mAM ja gALyo che. ane jyAre daranI caDAIomAM eTale ke. maraNa samaye tene laDAI laDato ane joDAya raheto, tyAre hiMdI prAMtanuM13 rAjyasUkAna, uparanI gaNatrI sAcI ja Thare te 68-70 jeTalI prathamamAM vasiSka je pitAne moTo putra hato tenA pAkaTa vaye paNa kuca upara kuca karate vAMcI rahyA hAthamAM ane pAchaLathI 15huviSka ke je tene bIjo chIe, tyAre ema zaMkA utpanna thAya che ke, teTalI ane nAne putra hatA tenA hAthamAM teNe mUkyuM hatuM." uMmara karatAM nAnI vaye ja tenuM maraNa thayuM tevuM laDAIo laDavI, sAmAne harAvavA ane tene joIe. chatAM te pradezamAM AvI rahelA parvatanI malaka jItI potAnuM sAmrAjya vadhAravuM; ATalA muddA AbehavAne lIdhe jaLavAI rahelI manuSyanI taMdurastI, sivAya bIjuM kAMI lekepayogI kArya tenA phALe temanAM khaDatala zarIra, ghoDesvAranI jevI gaLAtI noMdhAyuM hovAnuM nIkaLatuM nathI. jIdagIthI kasAyalI avasthAmAM gaLAtuM jIvana tathA - have tenA kuTuMba ane umara vize thoDuMka jaNAvI bharAvadAra kAyA sAthe khuTa UMcAInuM dehamAna jotAM, daIe. tenI umara keTalI hatI te jANavAmAM AvI tyAMnA mAnavIomAM teTalI uMmara kAMI vRddha 5NunI hoya e kayAMya ullekha thayo dekhAtuM nathI, chatAM sUcaka na ja lekhI zakAya. A pramANe saghaLA muddAo te viSayamAM anumAna karavA yogya keTalIka hakIkato toLI jotAM tenI umara 65thI 70 jeTalI lekhavAmAM ApaNI pAse mojuda paDelI che. eka, ema che ke kAMI bAdhA jevuM jaNAtuM nathI. teNe 23 varSa rAjya karyuM che. bIjuM, tenuM maraNa rAja- tene upara jaNAvyA pramANe be putro hatA. nagarathI ghaNe dUra Akasmika saMyogomAM nIpajayuM che jyAre khuda kaniSkanI umara 65 jeTalI lekhAya che ane trIjuM, tenA pitA vema tathA pitAmaha kaDaphasIjha tyAre tene yeSTha putra viSkanI umara lagabhaga 40pahele, lagabhaga 80 varSanuM AyuSya bhogavI maraNa 45 ane tethI nAnA haviSkanI pAMceka varSa kamI pAmyA che. A chelI cIjano vicAra karIe chIe eTale Azare 35-40nI gaNavI paDaze. prAcIna samaye tyAre sahaja anumAna karI zakAya che ke, tenA pitAnI AdhyAtmika jIvananI agatyatA svIkArI. dareka rAjA umara 80 varSa sudhI pahoMcI che te tenA maraNa samaye tathA rAjya potAnA dharma vize pite kamamAM kama 45-50 varSane te haze ja. ane tene dharma ane te keTalI badhI prIti ane bhakti 23 varSa rAja bhogavyuM che te te hisAbe Azare AdhAre ghaDAyela darzAvatAM hatAM tenuM varNana hAlanA 68-73nI umare maraNa pAmyo che joIe. paraMtu tenuM jIvana buddhivAdI ane tethI keTaleka je akasmAtathI maraNa na pAmyo hota to kadAca darajaje jaDa banI gayelA jamAnAtenA pitA ane pitAmaha jeTaluM lAMbu AyuSya paNa mAM bhale nirarthaka jevuM lAgaze, chatAM te nirarthaka hatuM ke (13) ahIM ekaja prAMta hoya ema jaNAvyuM che eTale ke vasiSkane gAdI maLI che evuM, tathA visiSka ane haviSka samasta hiMdamAM je tenuM rAjya hatuM, tenuM ekama ka9pIne ane eka ja vakhate bhinnabhinna mulanA adhikArapade hatA lakhANa karyuM che. bIjI vyavasthAnI khabara nahIM hoya tethI evuM, hajI sudhI manAyja nathI. A zabdo uccAryA che. (vaLI juo nIcenI TIkA 14-15) : (15) juo uparanI TIka naM. 14: athavA te hiMda deza puratuM ja varNana karatuM te pustaka che paNa vasiSka ane haviSkanuM vRttAMta je ApaNe AgaLa tethI paNa thayuM hoya. upara varNavyuM che te jovAthI khAtrI thaze ke, prathama ane pAchaLa (14) prathamamAM lakhavAnuM kAraNa ema banyuM lAge che te be zabdano prayoga ja nIrarthaka che. 20

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: :: : : : : 0 1 1 1 1 kaniSkanAM [ navama khaMDa sattvavALuM hatuM, tenI carcAmAM utaravAne ApaNe viSaya che ane jemAMnI ekane purAtatvavide kaMkAlItilA na hovAthI ApaNe te tenI aitihAsika daSTie nAmathI oLakhAvI rahyA che-tyAM khodANakAma karatAM, nedha ja levI rahe che. aneka mUrtio, paDhake, zilAo ane staMbha I. kharI rIte te jene vartamAnakALe dharmanI vyAkhyA prAcIna samayanI vastuo maLI AvI che. temAMnI ane tenuM nAma apAI jAya che tevI prathAja prAcIna keTalIka upara tene lagatA lekho paNa ketarAvela najare samaye nahetI. eTale teo kayA dharmanA kahevAtA hatA paDe che. A sarva hakIkatanuM varNana, dhI mathurA enDa athavA teo kayo dharma pALatA hatA tene nirdeza ITasa enTIkavITIjha nAme pustaka AkAre alahAbAdateo karatA nahotA; paraMtu te vIzenAM spaSTa cihno tathA mAMthI 1901mAM sarakAre pitA taraphathI chapAvIne samArake je teo jALavI rAkhatAM gayAM che te uparathI prasiddha karela che. mathurAmAMthI maLI AvelAM ketarakAmanAM ApaNe jarUra kahI zakIe tema che. AvAM cinho dazyo, sAMcI tarIke oLakhAI rahela sthaLamAMthI tathA smArake, zilAlekho ane sikkAomAM zabdarUpe maLI AvatA namunAonI sAthe sarakhAvIzuM, te te tathA sthApatyomAM ketarAvAyelAM dazyo tarIke hovAnuM banne mukhyapaNe sAdaza hovAnuM ja jaNAya che. eTale ApaNe neMdhI zakIe chIe. khAtrI thAya che ke, te banne sthaLAnAM dazyo eka ja teonAM nAmo vigere je zilAlekhomAM najare dharmanAM hovAM joIe. A be sthaLa sivAya eka paDyAM che tevAmAM keTalAMka dRSTAMta A khaMDamAM ja prathama trIjo bhArahata stUpavALuM16 sthaLa paNa paricchede temanI vaMzAvaLI ane nAmAvaLI goThavatAM jyAMnAM dazya paNa uparanAM bene tAdazapaNe maLatAM ja ApaNe jaNAvI gayAM chIe. vaLI ApaNI smRtine Ave che; paraMtu temAM A kuzanavaMzI kAI rAjAnA tAjI karavA anya hakIkata cheDI daI mAtra temanA nAmano ullekha sarakhe thayela na hovAthI tene nAma ja atre jaNAvIzuM. temAM mathurA, sAMcI, ArA, gaNatrImAM levAnuM vyAjabI gaNAya nahIM eTale tenuM IsApura, sAranAtha tathA varaDakanAM sthaLe mukhyatve te mAtra nAma jaNAvIne ja AgaLa vadhIzuM. darzAvAyAM che. tema ja teonA sikkA vizeno khyAla ATaluM prAthamika vivecana karIne have te uparathI pa. . 2mAM tathA pu. mAM apAyo che. jyAre sAra jevuM kAMI nIkaLI zake che ke kema tenI tapAsa have te sthaLonAM sthApatya tathA temAM je do karIe. zilAlekhemAM A rAjAonAM nAma cokhkhA chetarAyelAM najare paDayAM che te vIze ja atre varNana zabdomAM lakhAyelA hovAthI kadAca temanAM te na hoya karavuM rahe che. evI zaMkA to uThAvI zakAya tema che ja nahIM. uparAMta uparanAM sthaLAmAMthI jema zilAlekho, tema abhyAsa jyAre temaNe pitAnA nAma sAthe sevaputra zabda joDa karavA yogya sthApatyanA namunAo paNa maLI AvyA che tyAre ema paNa nizaMkapaNe kahI zakAya che ke teo che. jyAMthI AvI vastuo thokabaMdha maLI AvI che tevAM Arya saMskRtithI ja raMgoyalA hovA joIe. pachI te be sthaLe vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. tene mathurA ane saMskRti mAMhelA te samayanA mukhya traNa dharmo-vaidika, sAMcI tarIke jaNAvIzuM. temAMnA mathurA zahera ane tenI bauddha ane jena-mAMthI game te eka te hoya. atre nI jagyA. jyAM aneka TIMbA TekarA AvelAM to eTaluM ja bhArapUrvaka jaNAvavuM paDe che ke, vidvAnoe (16) A da mATe juo, janarala kaniMgahAmakRta thayAM che tyAre A kazAna prajAnuM nAma nizAna paNa na hatuM thI bhArataUpa' nAmanuM pustaka. temaja te pradeza temanI hakamatamAM paNa kadI AvyA na A dAnAM eka benI sarakhAmaNI karIne keTaluMka hete. nahIM te potAnA rAjyakAle tyAM jaIne kaIka prakAranuM vivecana pu. 1lAmAM apAyuM che: (jIe pu. 1 pR.196) smAraka teo jarUra UbhuM karata eka anumAna karI (17) kemake te bhArata sthaLavALAM mArake jyAre ubhAM thAya che.

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dvitIya paricacheda ] dharma tathA jIvana A kazAnaprajA ahiMdI hovAthI temane hiMdI dharmothI bIjAe hiMdamAM rahIne jIvana gALavuM zarU karyuM hatuM Itara dharmanI mAnI laine ema TharAvI dIdhuM che ke tyArathI mAMDIne, vAsudeve parivartana karyuM tyAM sudhI huM teomAMnA vAsudeve ja18 prathama hiMdutva, Aryatva-ema sthiti hatI tene ja vicAra karavo rahe che. te mATe kaho ke vaidika matapaNuM dhAraNa hatuM ane te pUrvenA ApaNe mathurA ane sAMcInAM dazya tarapha karIne ekavAra te vaMzanA sarva rAjAo hiMdutvathI para hatA; te maMtavya najara doravavI paDaze. AmAM sAMcI stUpanAM dRzya nirAdhAra che ema A uparathI samajavuM. paraMtu jyAre vize19 sarva vidvAnI mAnyatA ema baMdhAI che ke, te vidvAnoe upara pramANeno mata uccAryo che tyAre sarva zrAddhadharmane lagatAM ja che. ane je tene bAhadharmanI temane tema karavAne kAMIka kAraNa to maLyuM tevuM ja kahevAmAM Ave te mathurAmAMthI maLI AvatI tevI ja joIe. te bAbatane vicAra karatAM ema sthiti vastuone tathA tenA racayitAone brAdhamo je samajAya che ke, vAsudeva rAjAnA sikkA uparanAM cihno kahevAM joIe. A siddhAMtane anusarIne, rAjA vema tenI pUrvenA rAjAonAM sikkAcihno karatAM judAM paDI ane kaniSkane tathA tenA anugAmIone zraddhadharmI jAya che te uparathI kadAca temaNe ema nirNaya jAhera karAvavAmAM AvyA che. A pramANe badhI vastusthiti karyo hoya. ane tema banavA yogya paNa che. chatAM te heta te, ApaNe koIne vAMdho uThAvavA jevuM ja nathI. uparathI kAMI ema siddha karI nathI zakAtuM ke hiMdutva paraMtu uparane ja abhiprAya dharAvanArA ane tenA grahaNa karavAmAM te ja prathama hatA. cihnonA taphAvata lakhanArAonAM vAkaya vaLI ApaNane judI ja rIte uparathI to mAtra eTaluM ja siddha thatuM kahI zakAya ke upadezyA kare che. temAMthI, upara sUcavelA mathurA pitAnA pUrvajoe pALela dharmanuM teNe parivartana karela enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjha pustakanA kartA, hatuM. eTale ke, tenA pUrvajo te samayanI traNa Arya. zrIyuta mi. smithanA khudanA zabdo che ke 20 saMskRtimAMthI bauddha ke jena nAmanI kaI be saMskRtine Six bases of Buddha statues, inscribed anusaranArA hatA jyAre teNe tene tyAga karIne, and dated in the resualf years of the trIjI saMskRti je vaidika kahevAtI hatI tenuM anusaraNa Indo-Scythian rulers, Havishka, KanikaravA mAMDayuM hatuM. ATaluM joI lIdhA pachI tenA shka and Vasudeva=huviSka, kaniSka ane pUrvajo bemAMthI kaI saMskRtinA upAsaka hatA te paNa vAsudeva nAmanA InDazithiyana rAjAonA rAja amale tapAsI laIe. amuka samaye tirAvela evAM bauddha putaLAMnI tenA pUrvajomAMno pahelo rAjA jene kaphasIjha pApITha-Ama lakhavAthI pitAnI mAnyatA ema vyakta pahelA tarIke ApaNe oLakhAvyo che te te AkhIye kare che ke teo sarve bauddhadharmo hatA. jyAre pAchA chaMdagI hiMda bahAra ja rahyo che eTale tenA jIvana pate ja te pustakanI prastAvanAmAM anya rIte jaNAupara hiMdamAMnI kaI saMskRtie asara nIpajAvI hatI vatAM noMdha kare che ke, The objects found by teno te vicAra kara paNa rahetuM nathI, paraMtu kaDakasIjha Cunningham with the exception of (18) A rAjAnuM vRttAMta te haju AgaLa AvavAnuM | (20) juo te pustakamAM pU. 3 che. paraMtu te vakhate tenA dharma vize jaNAvatAM A (21) "bauddhaputaLA" eTale bauddha dhamIonA ja putaLAM bAbata samajI zakAya te mATe ahIM ullekha karI che ema mAnavA kAje kAI spaSTa zabdo nathI ja; teno artha devAyA che. sAmAnyapaNe "buddhano artha jJAtA, saMta, vidvAna (19) sAMcIne peThe AgaLanA pRSTha para jaNAvela DAhyo, evA rU5mAM je thAya che te pramANe kAM anna na karI bhArahata stUpanI paNa teja dazA karavAmAM AvI che. vaLI zakAya? (A pramANe mata uccArI zakavA mATenuM kAraNa A mATe sarakhA hapanI TIkA naM. 16-17, paNa che te mATe juo nIcenI lIka naM. 22-2),

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- 1 - - - - hA kaniSkanAM [ navama khaMDa one ten-armed Brahmanical figure, are hIrekalIjha, sarapIjha, skaMda, vizAkha, phera (A badhAM all jain=daza hAthavALI eka brAhmaNadhamara devanAM nAma dekhAya che) I. che. paraMtu buddhanI keAI sivAyanI je saghaLI mUrtio kaniMgahAmane prApta thaI AkRti ke nAma suddhAM paNa nathI." temanA kahevAnI che te sarve 23 jainadharmane lagatI che." eTale ke kani- matalaba e che ke te rAjAnAM sikkAcitromAM aneka gahAma jema mathurAmAMthI maLI Avela sarve mUtione prakAranA devadevIonuM mizraNa karAyeluM che, cha jenanI mAne che tema pote paNa teja matanA che. eke citramAM buddhadevanI AkRti ke nAmanizAna paNa chatAM potAnA zabdo kaniMgahAmanA kathana upara TIkA nathI. eTale ke, je saghaLAo te rAjAne bAddhadharmI tarIke utAryA che ema jo gaNIe te, te zabdono kahe che temAM pote taddana asaMmata che. chatAM vAcakenA bhAvArtha te pote kaniMgahAmanA matathI judA paDatA manamAM kAMIka vasavaso utpanna thaI jAya tevI temane hovAnuM jaNAya che. A banne vidvAna graMthakAro bhIti rahelI hovAne lIdhe vaLI AgaLa cAlatAM teja zodhakhoLa khAtAmAM hamezAM sattAsamAna lekhAyA che. pRSTha upara te jaNAve che ke, " Like Kanishka, chatAM temanA abhiprAyo kicidaMze (je uparamAM he was a liberal patron to Buddhist jaNAvela vikalpavALo bhAvArtha grahaNa karAya te) religious endowments. Probably he was bhinna paDayA kahI zakAya. jyAre eka baMgALI graMtha growing a Hindu=kaniSkanI peThe te paNa bAddhakAra te bAbatamAM lakhatAM jaNAve che ke24 "He dharmanI saMsthAo pratye udAravRttithI jonAra hato. also had a great liking for a curious sevA te hiMdutva tarapha DhaLate jato hato." matalaba mixture of Greek, Indian and Persian ke tenI aneka kRtimAM bAheMdharmanI jo kAMI chAyA gods. The types of his coins had paDI jatI najare dekhAtI hoya, to paNa te bauddhadharmI Heracles, Sarapies, Skanda, Visakha, ja hovo joIe ema keIe artha nathI karavAno; Pharro and others, but no figure and paNa eka rAjA tarIke potAnI prajAnA sarve dharmo name of Buddha grIka, hiMdI ane IrAnI pratye mIThI najare jovuM joIe te pramANe te guNadevatAonuM kautuka upajAve tevI rIte mizraNa karavAne dhAraka hovo joIe; ane te haja ema samajavuM tene bhAre zokha hato. tenA sikkAnI bhAtamAM evo garbhita ra te saMbhaLAve che. uparAMta te rAjA (22) daza hAthanI che mATe brAhmaNa dharmanI ja hAya bIjAne nAme lakhAI javAI che. ane anyanI na hoya ema AmAM kayA sAbita karela che? (26) A pramANe banavAnuM kAraNa game te haze. paraMtu (23) bauddhadharmanI eka paNa mUti nathI e vastusthiti mArI ka9panAmAM nIce pramANe Ave che. (1) hiMdanI bahAra spaSTa kare che. eTale ke bauddhadhamI mUtio hovAne sApha jene hiMdI saMrakRti kahevAya che tevI ke saMskRti daDhapaNe sApha inkAra thaI jAya che. mUrtimaMta thaI nahIM hoya; tethI paNa game te AkAranA deva(24) hiM. hi. pR. 656 devIo katarI kADhayA hoya. (2) athavA te kuzAna prajAmAM (25) A zabda rAjA haviSkanuM varNana karatAM temaNe je aneka (pAMca prajAnI banelI to hatI ja) to samAyelAM te lakhyA che. paNa atyAre jema te vaMzamAM eka kaniSka hatAM tenuM pratinidhitva jALavavA mATe paNa jAtajAtanAM thayA hovAnuM dharAya che, jyAre kharI rIte be kaniSka thayAnuM citro chetarAyAM hoya. have sAbita thAya che tema A graMthakAre pustaka lakhyuM che te A pramANe zarUAtamAM karavAmAM AvyuM hoya. paNa samaye, kaniSka pahela ke huviSka pahela te yathArtha samajAyuM jemajema temane vasavATa hiMdamAM laMbAto gayo tema tema nahIM hoya; kemake pahelA kaniSkanI pachI ane bIjA kaniSkanI temanI saMskRtie amuka svarUpa dhAraNa karavA mAMDayuM che. pUrvaja huvika thayo che. A pramANe ekanI hakIkta ane te temanA sikkAmAM spaSTa rIte chetarAvavA mAMDayuM che,

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-- dvitIya pariccheda ] dharma tathA jIvana - 157 vaidika mata tarapha DhaLato 27 jato hato ema paNa Bengal, Hinduism flourished side by kahI de che. vaLI te samaye bauddhadharmanA pracAra ane side with Buddhism. The monks were sthiti vizeno anya vidvAno game tevo vicAra regular Buddhists, but the laymen dharAvatA haze, paNa pote to tene moghama rIte varNana were mostly Buddhistic Hindus i. e karavAne badale spaSTapaNe ane bhAra daIne nIcenA zabdo- men who followed some Buddhist mAMja yakta kare che. jo ke temanA vicAro atre doctrines on the Hindu basis, having TAMkI batAvavA kAMIka aprAsaMgika lAge che, chatAM castes and Hindu manners. This is saMzodhana karanArane temAMthI aneka jarUrI to sAMpaDI why they could be won to Hinduism Ave tema dekhAya che eTale tene utAravA Avazyaka easily. There are some native Christians dhAruM chuM. teo jaNAve che ke8 "No Buddhist in South India, who still follow the period in the Indian History. Some caste system and some other ancestral scholars have made much of Buddhism Hindu manners etc. The Buddhist in India. They think that at one time pilgrims of Ceylon & China of the (say from B. C. 242 to 500 A. D.) 4th century A. D. did not notice Buddhism had eclipsed Hinduism; Buddhism flourish in India=hiMdI ItihAthat a great majority of the people samAM bauddhadharmanI bolabALA evA zabdo ja hAI had embraced Buddhism, and that, na zake. keTalAka vidvAnoe hiMdamAM bauddhadharmanuM ati almost everything was Buddhistic in gauravabharyuM varNana karyuM che. temanuM ema mAnavuM thAya che style etc. It does not appear that ke-(I. sa. pU. 242 thI I. sa. 500 sudhImAM). there is much truth in it. Buddhism bauddhadharmane lIdhe hiMdudharma DhaMkAI gayo hato, vastInA was no doubt prevalent in India. In LTe bhAge bauddhadharma aMgIkAra karyo hato, ane lagaother parts of India, it was rather bhaga dareka ThekANe-jyAM juo tyAM29-sarva bauddhamayaja sporadic. The large province of Assam bhAsatuM hatuM. paNa samajAya che ke temAM ati satyAMza was entirely free of Buddhism. The nahoto. nizaMka bauddhadharma pracalita te hate ja, (paNa) provinces about Hardwar, Canouj, hiMdanA anya (keTalAka) bhAgamAM te te kTochavAye Allahabad, Benares had little Buddhi- ja hate. (daSTAMta tarIka) AsAma jevA moTA prAMtamAM sm. Carnal, Jaipur, Panchal etc. furnish to bauddhadharma taddana lupta ja hato. haradvAra, kAja, no proof as to the prevalence of alahAbAda ane banArasanI AsapAsanA pradezamAM Buddhism there. Even in Magadh & kAMIka aMze te hati (jyAre) karanAla, jepura, pAMcAla (27) A zabda ema sUcave che ke, rAjA haviSka pachI noe te sarva bauddhadharmanuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che paNa A je vAsudeva thayo che ane jeNe dharmapalaTo karyo che tenuM pustakakArane tema hovAnuM mAluma paDayuM nathI tethI ja pitAne bIja, tenA A turatanA pUrvajanA samayathIja vavAtuM gayuM hatuM. virodha jaNAvyo che. paraMtu je vastu vidvAnoe bauddhadharmanI (28) hiM. hi, pR. 702-3 jaNAvI che te, jema have ApaNe jotA AvyA chIe ke (ra) A sthiti to vyAjabI ja hatI. paNa lekhakane jaina dharmanI ja che, ema je lakhavAmAM Ave te, dhAruM chuM je vidhi bhAsyo che te vidvAnoe karela vidhAna che. vitA ke lekhaka mahAzayane virodha jAte ja raheze.

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158 kaniSkanAM [ navama khaMDa I. mAM bauddhadharma pracAranI kAMi nizAnI ja najare hiMdanA keTalAka anya bhAgamAM te prasArita thayA che. paDatI nathI. magadha ane baMgAlamAM paNa hiMdu ane tenA kAraNamAM hiMdudharmanAM hariphAI ane vAstavikapaNuM bauddhadharma sAthe sAthe ja vRddhi pAme jatA hatA. hovAnuM hisTorIansa hisTarI opha dhI varDanA temane bhikSa varga yathAsthita baddhadhama hato paraMtu taMtrInuM je kathana che te satya che" A pArigrAphanA prajAjana mATe bhAge to bAdhama hiMdueja hatA. koI bhAga upara TIkA karavI te nakAmI kahevAya. eTale ke hiMdu jJAti ane rItarivAjane mAna ApI chatAM eTaluM kahevuM paDe che ke A vidvAne upara hiMdu praNAlikA pramANe bAddhadharmane anusaratA. teo mata jAhera karatAM pahelAM. khuda bAddha yAtrinAM varNane sahelAIthI hiMdudharmamAM bhaLI jatA, tenuM kAraNa paNuM paNa nihALyAM dekhAya che ja. mAtra ekapakSI vastu Aja che. (atyAre paNa) dakSiNa hiMdamAM evA keTalAka joIneja lakhe rAkhyuM nathI. hiMdu-khristIo che ke jeo jJAtiprathA tathA prAcIna uparanA traNe graMthakAronA (janarala kaniMgahAma, samayanA hiMdu vidhividhAno vi. vi. ne mAne che. mi. smitha ane hiMdu hisTarInA kartA mi. majhumadAra). hiMdamAM bAhadharma kAvyo ko hovAnuM varNana I. sa. nI mate pacIsa pacIsa varSa uparanA jUnA samayanA che. cothI sadInA siMhaladIpa ane cIna dezanI koI jyAre te pachInI zodhakhoLAthI sAbita thaI cUkyuM yAtrikoe karyuM nathI, " vaLI A pramANe bolIne che ke, mathurAnI kaMkAlItinA nAme TekarI pAsethI maLI pitAnA samarthanamAM. hisTorIansa hisTarI opha dhI AvelI cIje mukhyapaNe jainadharmanI ghotaka che. varDa nAmanA AdhArabhUta gaNAtA graMthanA zabdo TAMkI mathurAnuM A pramANe che, te pachI tAdaza da dharAbatAve che ke, "The Editor of the Histori- vatI sAMcI stUpanI sthiti paNa teja kahevI joIe. ans History of the world is right in A badhA muddAnI-vistArapUrvaka carcA karIne, 5. 1mAM observing that owing to its abstractness avaMti dezanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM, temaja 5. mAM pahelA and rivalry of the Hindus, Buddhism traNa paricchede dhArmika cihnonuM ane sikkAcitronuM was a failure in India ; in modified varNana tathA samajUti ApatAM, temaja teja pustakamAM form it has however prevailed in other AkhA mairyavaMzI rAjAonuM khAsa karIne samrATa parts of India=hiMdamAM jo ke bAddhadharma phatehamaMda caMdragupta tathA samrATa priyazananuM jIvana AlekhatAM. thayo nathI 33 chatAM kAMIka thoDA pheraphAra sAthe ja aneka purAvA ane dalIla ApIne sAbita karI (30) hiMdanA badhA chUTAchUTA prAMto laine te vakhatanI (33) phatehamada thayuM nathI te vAkaya sAdhe pu. 1 sthitinuM varNana ApyuM che. eTale mAnavuM ja rahe che ke lekhake pR. 44mAM baMgALa reyala ezikhaTika sesAiTInA vArSika sarva prAMtene abhyAsa karyo ja lAge che. meLAvaDAnA pramukha sthAnethI mi. laeNnaila sAhebe je bhASaNa (31) pite i. sa. pU. ra70 thI I. sa. 500 sudhInA ApyAnuM meM noMdhyuM che tenA zabdo sarakhA. ane pachI 750 varSanuM avalokana karyuM che temAMthI I. sa. 4 sadI nIcenI TIkA naM. 34nI sAthe tulanA kare. sudhImAM eTale ke 650 varSa sudhI te A pramANe sthiti (34) gheDe pheraphAra eTale ke bauddhadharmanI mAnyatA che pravatI rahI hovAnuM cIna dezanA yAtrikonAM kathana AdhAre hatI temAM ane hiMdanA anya bhAgamAM je dharma manAte sAbita karI detA jaNAya che. rahyo che, te benI vacce kAMIka taphAvata hatuM. A zabdo zuM (32) hiMdamAM te A pramANe ja hatuM. hiMda sivAya sUcave che, pu. 2mAM prathama paricachede ema puravAra karAyuM bahAramAM eTale ke siMhaladvIpa I. mAM kevI sthiti hatI che ke, buddhadeva prathama jaina zikSaka hatA; temaNe sAta varSa tenuM aMhI varNana karela nathI. tyAM kadAca judI paNa sthiti te dharma pALe che ane te bAda temaNe dhamapalaTa karyo che; pravatI rahI hoya che. te hakIkatane A uparathI samarthana maLe che ke nahIM te vicAre,

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dvitIya pari cheda ] dharma tathA jIvana 159 ApyuM che ke, atyAra sudhI je je vastuo baiddhadhama jANavAmAM je AvyuM hatuM te jaNAvI dIdhuM che eTale hovAnI manAtI rahI che te te bAbatamAM vicAra pheravavAnI AgaLa vadhavuM Avazyaka gaNAta. agatyatA ubhI thaI che. kharI rIte te sarva vastuo keTalAka muddAonI chatAM keTalAka muddA evA che ke, jaina dharmanA rahasyane samajAvanArI ja varatuo che. je tenA jIvanane bhale sparzatA ahIM te vidvAnonA mata TAMkI TAMkIne carcA karI lIdhI nathI paraMtu atre na carcatAM ja che. uparAMta mArA taraphathI eka sauthI vizeSa agatyanI anya ThekANe utAravAmAM Ave che te asaMgata dekhAI vAta upara vAcakavarganuM dhyAna kheMcavAnI jarUrIyAta javA saMbhava che, tema bAkInAne anyatra laI javAmAM kAMI lAge che. te bInA A kuzanavaMzI rAjAoe je vAMdhA jevuM nathI. prathama tevA muddAonAM mAtra nAma zilAlekho kotarAvyA che tenA AlekhananI paddhati jaNAvIzuM ane te bAda te pratyenuM vivecana karavAnuM vizenI che. jo temanA zilAlekha tapAsIzuM to hAtha dharIzuM. jyAre anya sthaLe levA jevA je mAluma paDaze ke temAM temaNe hamezAM sAla, Rtu, mAsa dekhAtA haze tenAM nAma ApI te kyAM utAravA yogya ane divasa darzAvela che (jue pu. 3nA aMtanA be che teno nirdeza karIzuM. AvA muddAo tathA temanI pariccheda) jyAre baiddha dharmavALAe te paddhatinuM anu- carcAnAM sthaLonI vaheMcaNI nIce pramANe karavA meM karaNa kadApi paNa karyuM dekhAtuM nathI. teo te mAtra TharAvyuM che. sAlano ja nirdeza karyA jAya che. eTale zilAlekhI () atra carcavA yogya paristhiti sUcave che ke teo baiddhadharmI hatA ja nahIM. (1) cakaNavALI prajA ane A kazAnaprajA tAtparya e nIkaLe che ke kazAnavaMzI rAjAonA dharma " eka ke judI judI vize paNa mata pheravavo paDaze tevo samaya have AvI (2) huSka, juSka ane kaniSkanuM trika belAyA lAgyo che. ane keTalAka pUrvamatAgrahI vidvAnoe kare che tene khulAso -subhAgye ja ke gaNyAgAMThayA ja che-mane A prakArano (3) Arya, anArya vigereno kAMIka pheTaH sAthe mata uccAratAM, huM pote jainamatAnuyAyI hovAthI, te sAthe yavana, mleccha ane tuka zabdonA dharmanI vAhavAha kahevarAvavA mATe ja A badhuM lakhyuM arthanI samajUtI jate hovAnuM mAnI laI aMdhazraddhALa I. I. aneka (gA) kaniSka bIjAnA vRttAMte carcavA yogya. navAjeze ane IlakAbo Aye rAkhyA che. te sarva (4) bane kaniSkapahele ane bIje-vaccenA sajajanone khAtrI thaze ke meM vinApurAvAe kAI guNa tathA svabhAvanuM varNana ane sarakhAmaNI cIja atra utAravA dhArI nathI. aMtamAM kahevAnI () caNanA vRttAMte-eTale ke have pachInA yA ApavI paDaze ke, jema zaka rAjAo tathA kSaharATa tRtIya paricchede kSatra jenadhamAM hatA, tema A kuzanavaMzImAMnA paNa (5) cakaNanuM pUtaLuM kaniSka sAthe zA mATe? keTalAka teja dharmAnuyAyI hatA. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa (6) kuzAnasaMvata ane caNasaMvatanA samaya vize caThaNu jevA ajJAta pradezanA vatanIo paNa teja (7) caSaNa ane nahapANuvALI prajAnI bhinnatA dharmane mAnanArA thayA hatA. ema mane te temanA (pu. 3 pR. 217mAM batAvyA sivAyanI). zilAlekho, sikkAo ane aneka purAvAothI jaNAtuM (8) kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA hoddAnI carcA AvyuM che, je vastu prasaMgopAta yathAsthAne jaNAvavAmAM (pu. 3 pR. 164-7 sivAyanI). Avaze. eTale ItihAsavidoe kaI prakAranA bhinna A AThamAMnA je traNa muddA atre cacavA rahe paDatA moccArathI bhaDakI uThavAnuM kAraNa nathI. che tenuM eka pachI eka varNana karIzuM. kanika pahelAnA jIvanavRttAMta vize ApaNuM mathurA pAsenA mATe gAmamAMthI eka mUrti je

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caNaNa ane kuzAna | [ navama khaMDa nIkaLI AvI che temAM kaniSka sAthe kSatrapa cakaNane ApaNe AgaLanA pAnAMmAM puravAra karI gayA ubho rAkhela che. eTale anumAna chIe ke, kuzanavaMzano Adi puruSa bhale koI dharmane caNu ane kuzAna thAya che ke, te baMne kAMIka saMbaMdha custapaNe bhakta thayo nathI dekhAte, chatAMye eTaluM prajA eka ke hovo joIe. temAM vaLI cakaNanI te nakkI ja che ke tenA vaMzajoe hiMdamAM vasavATa bhinna? sAthe kSatrapa zabda (pachI bhale karI lIdhA bAda amuka darajaje jainadharmane svIkAra mahAkSatrapa zabda hoya) joDAyela karI lIdhA hatA. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa mathurA zaheranI hovAthI te tene tAbedAra ke sUbo hoya evo paNa kaMkalItilA nAme TekarI pAsethI je saghaLI vastuo kalitArtha upajAvI zakAya che. matalaba ke te benI nIkaLI AvI che tenAM zi95kAma, zilAlekho ke tevI vacce zeTha ane nokara jevA sabaMdhanI ka95nA vidvAnoe aneka vastu uparathI siddha thaI zake che ke, teo besArI che. ane te mATe kuzanavaMzI tema ja caNavaMzI pitAnA dharma pratye ghaNo ja prema dharAvatA hatA.38 rAjAonAM nAma sAthe jayAre jyAre koI saMvatane tevI ja rIte gupta rvazI rAjAo vize paNa batAvI AMka lagADela najare dekhAya che tyAre tyAre te zakAya tema che ke teo paNa jainadharmo ja prajA hatI. AMkane kazAna zaka tarIke lekhI kADhavAmAM Avyo che. kema ke temanA darekanA sikkAo tapAsIzuM te turata vaLI kuzAna zakanI Adi i. sa. 78mAM thayAnuM jaNAI Ave che ke temanI avaLI bAjue je saghaLA vidvAnoe mAnya rAkhela hovAthI te hisAbe ja cihyo kotarAyelAM che temane ApaNe jaina dharmanAM cihno sadhaLI gaNatrIo karAvye rAkhI che. A pramANe sarva gaNAvyAM che ( juo pu. 2mAM dvitIya paricchedamAMnuM hakIkata TharAvAI gayelI hovA chatAM, temAM evuM te sikkAcihna varNana) vaLI temanA je zilAlekho kayAMya siddha kareluM najare paDatuM nathI ke te banne sairASTranA junAgaDha pAsethI-raivatagiri nAmanA jaina eka ja prajA hatI. zeTha nokarano saMbaMdha te bhinna tIrtha pAsethI-maLI AvyA che tene ukela je ke prajAnA hovA chatAMe baMdhAI zake che. A mATene spaSTapaNe haju karAyo nathI chatAM miresana jevA niNaya37 karavA mATe bIjI koI vastu ItihAsamAMthI vidvAne paNa ema te kabUla karyuM ja che ke, temAM maLI AvatI hoya te tapAsIe. jenone lagatI hakIkatano samAveza thayela dekhAya che.39 (35) A badhAnuM varNana AgaLanA tRtIya paricchedamAM iTasa enTIkavIjhanuM pustaka vAMcI jevuM. apAyuM che te juo. vaLI navamakhaMDe, prathama paricchede varNavela sAMcIno (36) kSatrapa bhUmaka kSaharATa jAtine hovA chatAM, cina- zilAlekha paNuM sAbitI Ape che ke, te pradeza sAthe kuzAnene bekaTrIana saradAra DimeTrIasa ane minenDaranA kSatrapa tarIke saMbaMdha hato. ane sAMcI tathA avaMtine saMbaMdha jaina kAma karela siddha thayuM che (juo. pu. 3mAM temanuM vRttAMta) dharma sAthe ati gADha hovAnuM sAbita thaI gayuM che. eTale (37) kahevata che ke paDezInA samAgamanI asara mAnavuM rahe che ke, kuzAnaprajA jaina dhamaja hevI joIe ane arasaparasa thAya che ja, A vaMzane AdipurUSa hiMdanI tema na hoya to chevaTa te dharma tarapha vizeSa pakSapAtI te bahAra ke jyAM kharI rIte kaI dhArmika saMskRtinuM daDha svarUpa hevI joIe ja. sarjAyuM nahotuM, tyAMja hamezAM rahela hovAthI tenA jIvanamAM vaLI sarakhA nIcenI TIkA 39 paNa kaI dhArmika saMskRti majabUtapaNe sthapAI nahatI. (39) A sadhaLI bInAne samAveza je ThekANe caNA jyAre tenA vaMzajone vasavATa hamezAM saMskRti custaprajAmAM vaMzI rAjAonuM vRttAMta khAsa lakhavAnuM hoya tyAM ja karavAnuM ja thayuM hovAthI temanuM ghaDatara te pramANe banatuM AgaLa vyAjabI TharI zake. chatAM pu. 3 pR. 395mAM temaja tyAMnA vadhyuM hatuM. ' AkhA paricchedamAM A bAbate prasaMgane laIne chUTIchavAI (38) A saghaLI vAtanI sAbitI mATe mathurA enDa cacI che te vAMcI jevAthI khAtrI karI zakaze.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] prajA eka ke bhinna? vaLI rAjA vajhenka-juSkano eka zilAlekha (juo e hakIkatathI samarthana maLe che ke, caThaNa prajAnAM navamakhaDe prathama paricachede nAmAvaLI goThavatAM karela mULavatana tarIke ApaNe eziyAkhaMDanI madhyamAM varNana) tenI hakamata nahotI tevA sAMcIvALA Avela tAtkaMdasamarakaMdavALA pradezane gaNAvyA che. pradezamAMthI maLI Avela che ane sAMcInAM sthaLa ne jyAre kuzAnanA vatanane hiMdukuza pAsenA khoTAna -avaMtidezane-jainadharma sAthe ati nikaTa saMbaMdha ane pAmIranA pradezane gaNAvyo che. bAkI kuzAna hovAnuM paNa ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe. matalaba saradAre je pAMca prajA upara potAnuM Adhipatya kahevAnI e che ke, A baMne prajAne jainadharma upara jamAvyuM hatuM temAM caNDaNavALI prajAne samAveza thaI ghaNAja anurAga hato, chatAMye emato sAbita thayeluM jato hato teTalI vAta kharIja ane tethI ja kadAca naja kahevAya ke te bane ekaja prajA hatI. ATaluM ca9Nane tathA tenA pitA daSametikane kazAna prajAe ATaluM banemAM sAmyapaNuM hovA chatAM. jayAre temanA kSatrapa padathI vibhUSita karIne potAnA hAthataLe nokarImAM sikkAo tapAsIe chIe, tyAre te upara darzAvela rAkhI lIdhuM hoya. temanA caherAnAM, temaNe paherelAM mukaTa I. Adi A pramANenA nAmadhArI traNa rAjAo thayA che vastrAbhUSaNanAM, tathA te upara kotarAyelAM aneka cinho teTaluM cokkasa che ja. paNa teonAM vigerenAM rekhAMkana, te eka bIjAthI bhinnaja paDI huSka, juSka ane nAmano anukrama kema tevo jatAM jaNAya che. vaLI temaNe dhAraNa karela padanI kaniSkanA trikavIze joIe te bAbata ApaNe taddana sarakhAmaNI karIe chIe te paNa temanI bhinnatA aMdhArAmAM ja atyArasudhI hatA. tarI AvatI dekhAya che. kazAnavaMzIomAM, mahArAjA- eTale vidvAnane te trika jyAM jyAM vAparavAnI jarUra dhirAja, kujula ke tevIja padavIo najare paDe che. paDI che tyAM tyAM temaNe kaI dhoraNa aMgikAra karyuM jyAre cakaNavaMzImAM kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa, rAjA ke svAmI hatuM ke kema te nizcayapUrvaka kahevuM atikaThina kArya hatuM. evAM birUda maLI Ave che. keIe mahArAjAdhirAja vaLI jyAM jyAM te trikanuM darzana karAvAyuM che tyAM tyAM tarIke pitAne saMbodhAyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. eTale paNa sarvee ekaja paddhati dhAraNa karyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. khAtrI thatI jAya che ke teo bhinna bhinna prajA eTale koNa sAcuM ne koNa khoTuM te vize paNa mata hovA uparAMta, keTaleka daraje bhinna bhinna rAharaso uccAravA jevI sthitimAM ApaNe hatA nahIM. paraMtu pALanArIja hovI joIe. vaLI temanAM nAmonI have jyAre ApaNe te traNe rAjAnAM--athavA vizeSa sarakhAmaNI karatAM paNa A bhinnatva turata parakhAI spaSTapaNe kahevuM hoya te cAre rAjAnAM (eTale ke Ave che. caNDaNavaMzI rAjAonAM nAmamAM ghaNAne kaniSka pahela, juska, huSka ane kaniSka bIjo) aMtyAkSara dAmana ke tathA prakArane che jyAre kuzana- anukrama, samaya, saMyoga I. thI mAhitagAra thaI vaMzImAM tevuM kAMI che ja nahIM, paNa temane aMtyAkSara gayA chIe tyAre dareka jAtane nirNaya nizaMkapaNe karI ska ke uska jevo che ane vAsudeva pachIthI te zakIe tema che. kema jANe tadana hiMduzAhI ja nAme temaNe dhAraNe A trika vadhAremAM vadhAre keTalI rIte goThavI karI lIdhAM na hoya tevuM jaNAI Ave che. A zakAya tema che te prathama joIe. eTale te bAda prakAranA purAvAthI sAbita thAya che ke te bane temAMthI kayuM sAcuM hoI zake ane zA kAraNathI, te prajA te bhinna ja hevI joIe. vaLI A vAtane ApaNe ApoApa samajI zakIzuM. A traNamAMthI (40) hakamata na hoya chatAM, tyAM je zilAlekha ubho nA dharma sAthe te sthAnane saMbaMdha che. (vaLI sarakhA karAvyo che te muddo ja vadhAre majabUta purAvArUpa che ke kazA- uparanI TIka naM. 29). 21

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16ra huSka, juSka ane kaniSkanAM navama khaMDa koIpaNuM eka nAma prathama lakhIe, eTale bAkI tenI tathA juSka, huSka ane kaniSkavALuM chelluM naM. 6nuM sAthe bene lakhavAM rahe; temAM paNa jene eka vakhata trika, te be sAcAM trika che. jyAre naM. 5 vALuM juka, prathama lakhyo tene bIjI vakhata bIja (athavA kaniSka ane hukkavALA trikane je temAMnA kaniSkane hele) lakha rahe. eTale dareka nAmanAM bebe trika minor eTale nAnI umaranA rAjAnI gaNatrIthI thaze jevAM ke -- tapAsIzuM te tene ardha sAcuM kahevuM paDeze. bAkInAM (1) kaniSka sAthe duSka ane juSka athavA traNe trika kheTAM che ane tethI vagara gaNatrIe ja (2) kaniSka sAthe zuSka ane huka karI zakAya; lakhAI nAMkhelAM gaNavAM raheze. tevI ja rIte ATaluM vivecana thaI gayA bAda rAjataraMgiNakAre (3) huSTa sAthe kaniSka ane julka athavA The continued existence of the three (4) huSka sAthe juSka ane kaniSka karI zakAyaH places Kanishkapur, Hushkapur and tevI ja rIte Jushkapur A pramANe je zabdo lakhyA che? (5) zuSka sAthe kaniSka ane hukka athavA temAM zuM bheda rahyo che te vicAravuM ati saheluM thaI (6) juSka sAthe duSka ane kaniSka karI zakAya; jAya che. nAma uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke, tevA tevA A chamAMthI kayuM sAcuM tenI tapAsa levA mATe, nAmanA koI rAjAoe potapotAnA nAma uparathI teo kevI rIte gAdI upara beThA che tene khyAla tyAM tevAM nAmavALAM zahera vasAvyAM ha dhyAnamAM rAkhavo paDaze. A hakIkata keTaleka aMze traNe zahera kAzmira dezamAM ja AvelAM hovAthI ema nAmAvaLI goThavatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. uparAMta vizeSa paNa siddha thaI jAya che ke, te traNe rAjAeAe te paNe temanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvIzuM. atra TUMkamAM deza upara potAnI rAjasattA calAvI ja hovI joIe; tene khyAla ApI daIe ke, kaniSka pahele bahu kemake navuM zahera je vasAvI zakAya che te pitAnI parAkramI hatuM, tenA maraNa pachI tene jayeSTha putra mAlikInI jamIna uparaja, nahIM ke parAI jamIna vajhenka-zuSka gAdI upara41 Avyo hato. tenuM maraNa upara A be niyamo najara sAme rAkhIne, je A nAnI umare thavA pAmyuM hatuM ane te samaye tene kazAna rAjAomAM thayelA kaniSka, huSka ane juzkanA putra je kaniSka bIjAnA nAme pAchaLathI oLakhAya vRttAMtano tathA adhikArano vicAra karIe chIe te che te bahu ja nAnI umarane hevAthI, tenA nAme turataja dekhAI Ave che ke, te traNa rAjAe bIjA rAjyano kArabhAra tene kAke eTale juSkane nAne koI nahIM, paNa kuzanavaMzI rAjAonAM je trika vize bhAI je huSka hato te calAvato hato ane kaniSka ApaNe atre vicAraNA calAvI rahyA chIe teja. bIjo umara lAyaka thatAM, pite gAdIpati banI beThe che. A pramANe sAbita thaI gayuM to, have mAtra eja hatA. AvA saMgamAM ApaNe kahI zakIzuM ke vicAravuM rahe che ke, AtrikamAMnA huSka ane zuSka uparanA chamAMnuM kaniSka, juSka ane hukkavALuM ne 2 nuM kayA hoya, te vize te zaMkA jevuM rahetuM ja nathI; kemake A zilAlekhanI hakIkata zuM che te jovuM joIe. mATe juo AgaLa upara lakhAyeluM kaniSka bIjAnuM vRttAMta. (41) sarakhAvo nIcenI pR.168 uparanI hakIkata ane temaja tenA anukramane lagata pArigrApha tathA tenI TIkAo. tathA rAjA vakanuM karela varNana. TIkAvALuM lakhANa. (42) Atrika khATAM che ema kahevA karatAM te kAzamIranI (43) hatuo pu. 2 pR. 403mAM TAMkela zaba je rAjaane mathurAnI rAjadvArI paristhitinI guMcavaNa-athavA tenuM taraMgiNI pustakamAMthI tenA sarSa pahelo 5. 76 pAri. aTapaTApaNuM ja javAbadAra che ema kahevuM vAjabI gaNAze. te 74mAMthI uddhata karavAmAM AvyA che,

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* * * dvitIya pariccheda ] trikanI vicAraNa te nAmanA to eka ekaja rAjA thayA che. eTale te bAda temAM karyuM haze te prazna vicAro rahe che. bIjI te cokkasa ja che. paNa kaniSka nAmanA te be rAjA bAju vaSkano samaya paNa cokkasa ja che.. eTale thayA che; pahele ane bIje. te A bemAMthI kaniSka- zuSkapura vasAvyAno samaya paNa cokkasa thaI gayo. purano vasAvanAra kayo hovo joIe te zodhI jyAre huSkapurano samayaja vicAravo paDe tema che. kADhavuM rahe che. haviSka pote be traNa vakhata kAzmIra uparanA adhi- ApaNe nAmAvalI goThavI cUkyA chIe eTale kArapade rahyo che. eka, kaniSka pahelAnA amala te AdhAre kahI zakAya che ke, huSka, juSkanAM nAma daramyAna I. sa. 115thI 126, sudhI; pharIne juSkanA vacce rahI jAya che ane tenI agAu kaniSka pahe- maraNa bAda ane kaniSka bIjAne rAjyAbhiSeka thayo te lAno samaya che tathA te bAda kaniSka bIjAne samaya daramyAna eTale i. sa. 132thI 142 sudhI; ane che. eTale kayA kaniSkanA vakhatamAM te nAmanuM zahera trIjI vakhata te bAda svataMtra kAzmIrapati vasAvAyuM hovuM joIe te zedhI kADhavuM paNa sUtara tarIke vIseka varSa sudhI. eTale je rAjataraMgiNikAre thaI jaze. sivAya ke te zaheronA nAmoccAra, tenA sUcavele krama mAnya rAkhIe chIe te te zahera teNe vasavATanA anukrama pramANe goThavAyA na hoya teja. 115thI 126mAMja vasAvI dIdhuM gaNAya. paraMtu A anukrama goThavavAmAM koI prakArano niyama hoya eka nagara vasAvavuM te pite tAbedAra athavA parataMtra ke nahIM hoya te bAbatamAM, ApaNe agAu jaNAvI hoya tenA karatAM pote sarvAdhikArI hoya tyAre ja gayA pramANe, bhale anya vidvAnoe durlakSa kadAca vasAvyAnuM karAvavuM te vadhAre samIcIna gaNAya. eTale rAkhyuM hoya ema mAnI levAya, paNa rAjataraMgiNikArane tene samaya I. sa. 142thI 162 sudhInA tenA te te sthitinI mAhitI hovI ja joIe. eTale trIjI vakhatanA kArabhAra daramyAna gaNa paDe. chatAM teNe je krama lakhyo haze te kAMIka vicArIne athavA eka vAta ema paNa khyAlamAM rAkhavAnI che ke, khyAlamAM rAkhIne ja lu haze ema ApaNe svIkArI mANasane meTA thavAnI ume te hamezAM rahyAja kare, levuM paDaze. ane temAM te mathALe jaNAvyA pramANe paNa te sthiti kyAre prApta thaze teno aMdAja te kAMI prathama zabdaja kaniSkapura lakhAya che. eTale sAbita nakkI naja karI zakAya. eTale AzAmAM ne AzAmAM thAya che ke te kaniSkapurano vasAvanAra kanika pahe- raMgAI rahevA karatAM, je koI zubhayoga prApta thaI jAya loja hovo joIe.44 teno lAbha dareka mANasa uThAvI bheja. A hisAbe - have te traNe zaheranI sthApanAne samaya zodhI huviSya potAnA prathamAdhikAranA samaye ja te zahera kADhIe. kaniSka pahelAno samaya i. sa. 103thI vasAvI lIdhuM ema dhAravAmAM khoTuM nathI. eTale ke126ne nirmita karI devAya che. ane rAjA juSka urpha kaniSkapura vasAvyAne samaya i. sa. 115thI viSkano I. sa. 126thI 132 TharAvAyo che. temAM 126 sudhImAM athavA madhyama samaya goThavavo hoya to paNa kaniSka pahelAe potAnA rAjyakALanA prathama 12 I. sa. 120. huSkapurane samaya i. sa. 120thI 126 varSa sudhI teNe hiMdamAMja rahIne rAjaputAnA taraphanA ane madhyama tarIke 123 jyAre puSkapurane I. sa. anya deza jItavAmAM gALyA che. ane te bAda kAzmIra 12thI 132 athavA mukhya tarIke i. sa. 129. tarapha najara pheravyAnuM sAbita karAyuM che. eTale game tema paNa i. sa. 115thI 132 sudhInA te hisAbe 103+12=115 pachIja teNe kAzmIramAM 17 varSamAM A traNe zahero vasAvAI gayAM gaNAya. paga dIdho gaNAze. pachI turatamAMja ke be cAra varSa vikalpa, haviSkapurane samaya jo I. sa. 14thI 162mAM (44) ane tethI ja 5ramAM pa. 15mAM te pramANe nedha karavAmAM AvI che,

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Arya anAryanA [ navama khaMDa TharAvAya te 115thI 162 sudhInA 47 varSamAM tenI (kuzAnavaMzanA vakhate) vRttAMta ApaNe carcA rahyA jamAvaTa thaI gaNAze. chIe te samaye paNa AryasaMskRtine ja mAnanArI - jaMbadIpa ane zAkIpanuM varNana karatI vakhate pu. hatI. paNa trIjo bhAga je eziAI turkastAna che mAM Arya, anAryanI utpatti kema thaI hatI tathA tenI prajA mukhyatAe bhale uddabhava thaI hatI te temanAM ToLeTeLAM kevI rIte ane Aryana saMskRtimAMthI ja, paNa kALe karIne ApaNe Arya, anAryanA kevA samaye udara pravRtti mATe vRttAMta lakhI rahyA chIe te samaye te pazcimanI bheda vize cAre dizAmAM phelAvA mAMDayAM yavana saMskRtinA saMsargamAM AvIne tene bhajanArI thaI jAti hatAM temaja temaNe kevAM vidhavidha paDI hatI. teTalA mATe ApaNA varNana pUrate tene nAma dhAraNa karyA hatAM, te badhuM samAveza anAryamAM kara rahe che. A uparathI jaNAvI dIdhuM che eTale atre tene mAtra nide zaja joI zakAze ke yavana, yona, tathA eziAI turkone karo rahe che. vaLI temAMthI zaka (sithiansa) hiMdI- saMskRti paratve te samaye anArya gaNavAmAM AvyA che. 21% (Indo-Scythians) 46641133 (Parthians), 241 242 lain 2101310 (Bactrians)al scals pArade (Indo-Parthians ), kSaharATa, yavana bhAga, bhale atyAre kuzAna saradAranI hakumatamAM AvI (Greeks) yena (Bactrians) I. I. kema bheda gayo hato ane potAnI lagolaga Avela kAzmIra paDatA gayA, te paNa teo pratyekanA viSayane itihAsa dezamAM vyApArArthe ja Avata thayo hato temaja lakhatAM samajAvyuM che. tevI ja rIte pu. 2nA aMte tyAM vasavATa paNa karI rahyo hato chatAM temanI saMskRti, joDelA kAzmIrapati rAjA jAlaukanA paricchede teNe Arya nahIM paNa anArya (athavA AryasaMskRtithI bhinna) je pheone harAvyA hatA, tenuM paNa spaSTIkaraNa karI hovAthI tenI saMskRtinA upanAmathI-pleca7 nAmathIbatAvyuM che. temaja zleSTho ane javano taphAvata paNa oLakhAtI hatI. rAjataraMgiNikAre je varNana paNa batAvAya che. eTale anna vizeSa carcA karavI karyuM che ke rAjA jAke (Azare i. sa. pU. 225mAM) rahetI nathI. je atre jaNAvavuM rahe che te plene harAvyA hatA te paNa A cena prajAmAMnI ja eTaluMja ke, samajavI; temaja A kuzAnanI hakumatamAM AvI rahela eziyAkhaMDamAM turkastAna ke tuka nAme oLakhAtA bleka (I. sa. 100) prajA te paNa A prajAja be traNa pradeza che. koI praznanI bAbatamAM ekabIjAnI samajavI. alabatta eTalo taphAvata samajavAne ke bheLabheLa thaI javA na pAme mATe jaNAvavAnuM ke, I. sa. pU. 225nI pheka prajAmAM anArya saMskRtinuM maMDanI cheka pazcimamAM je takastAna Avela che pramANa vizeSa hatuM jyAre I. sa. 100nI mleccha tene ApaNe eziyAI turkastAna kahIzuM. hiMdukuza prajAmAM anArya tatva ochuM hatuM. ane tenuM kAraNa tathA kAzmIranI uttare ane lagolaga je pradeza Avela AryasaMskRti sAthe lAMbA samayathI karI rahelA vasavATane che ane jemAM khoTAno samAveza thAya che tene aMge temAM thayela parivartananuM hatuM. cInAI tarka; tathA eMkasasa nadIvALo pradeza ke jemAM A saghaLA vivecanathI samajI zakAze ke, Arya tAtkaMda samarakaMda vigere zahere AvyAM che tene ziAI anAryanA bheda te sthAna para nathI paDAyA paNa vakI45 kahIzuM. A traNamAMthI e turkastAnanI prajA saMskRti paratveja paDAyA che. ane jema saMskRtimAM Aryana saMskRtimAMthI uddabhavelI hatI temaja je samayane pheraphAra thavA pAme tema tenuM upanAma paNa pheraphAra (45) A bhAgane pu. 3 pR. 344 upara tene eziAI havethI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che eTale tene turkastAna tarIke oLakhAvyo che. eziyAmAM Avela hovAthI ziAI turkastAna kahevuM vyAjabI kahevAze.

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dvitIya pariccheda ]. bhedanI samajUti 165 thavA pAme che. eTale eka vakhate jene Arya kahevAyA mULasthAna rUziAI turkastAna hovAthI, temaNe te che tene bIje samaye vaLI anArya paNa kahevAyA hoya sthAna upara ApaNe TharAvelA--merUparvatanI nizAnIrUpate vismaya pAmavA jevuM nathI. cihno potAnA sikkAmAM kotarAvela najare paDe che, uparAMta vizeSatA to e jaNAvavuM rahe che ke, jyAre kuzanavaMzImAM tevAM cihno nathI dekhAtAM. A kuzAna prajAnuM mULa vatana cInAI turkaratAna-khoTAna pramANe kuzAna ane caThaNa prajAnI saMskRti vize je ane pAmIravALA pradeza che temaja te yu-cI nAmanI kAMI kalpanAmAM utaryuM che te atre jaNAvyuM che. cInAI prajAno aMza che (jAo pu. 3 pR. 144) atre vaLI eka prazna ubhe thAya chetene khulAse jyAre cakaNavALI prajA mArI samaja pramANe raziyAI ApI devAnI taka jatI karavI na joIe. jema jema turkastAna-tAtkaMda samarakaMdavALA pradezamAMthI utarI A samayano itihAsa tapAsavAmAM uMDA utaravuM paDe AvelI che. A banne prajo maLe. upara jaNAvI che tema tema ema dekhAtuM jAya che ke, samasta hiMdamAM gayA pramANe AryasaMskRtineja bhajanArI hatI temaja atyAre moTI saMkhyAmAM je dharmo najare paDe che te sarve A samaye paNa te pramANeja hatI. eTale ke temane I. sa. pU. nA samaye nahotA ja. balake ema kahevAya pAzcAtya-anArya-saMskRtine sparza bahu thayo nahoto. ke dharmanAma te pAchaLathI ja lAgu pADayuM dekhAya che. jyAre sparza bahu thaye nahoto tyAre raMga lAgyAnI vAstavika rIte temane dharma na kahetAM saMskRti nAmathIja kalpanAja kayAMthI karI zakAya ? eTale ke teo bhoLA, sAdhavuM te bahetara gaNAze ane te samaye AkhA bhalA hatA. tethI temanAM hRdaya kamaLa, nikhAlasa ane hiMdamAM mAtra traNa ja saMskRtio hatI. jema jema kALa nirlepa jevAM kumaLAM hatAM tathA AcAravicAra paNa vyatIta thato gayo tema tema bahAra paDatA vasatI AryasaMskRti tarapha DhaLelA hatA. eTale hiMdamAM temano patrakathI siddha thatuM gayuM che ke te traNamAMnI bIjI vasavATa jema jema vadhate cAle tema tema te dezanI be saMskRtine anusaranArAnI saMkhyA, lagabhaga teTalI ne traNa saMskRti-vaidika, bauddha ane jena-mAMthI jene je teTalIja rahetI cAlI AvI che, jyAre kevaLa jena phAvI te vadhAvI letA gayA. temAM paNa kazAnavALA saMskRtine bhajanArAonI saMkhyAno dinapara dina hAsa uttarahiMdamAM rahyA che, jyAre caTTaNavALA madhyahiMda ane thato najare paDe che. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa game te avatimAM rahevA pAmyA che. vaLI kazAna prajAne je hoya tenA nidAnanI carcA karavAnuM A sthAna nathI ja pradezane vAraso maLyo che te InDo-pArthIansa paraMtu atra to eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM rahe che ke, jena pAsethI; eTale temanI saMskRti temaNe vizeSapaNe saMskRtine anusaranArAnI saMkhyA saMbaMdhI upara pramANe apanAvI che. jyAre caTTaNane vAraso maLyo che sthiti thaI che ja. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke atyAre najare gaIbhIlavazI rAjAno eTale teoe temanI saMskRti paDatA sarva phAMTA-upakAMTAo mukhyatAe temAMthI ja apanAvI che. matalaba ke uttarahiMda ane madhyahiMdanI nIkaLyA haze. saMskRti bhale banne Aryaja che, chatAM gardabhIlavazI A kathanathI ghaNAne Azcarya lAgaze ane prazna rAjAonI jene saMskRtinuM mizraNa madhyahiMdavALI cAkaNa pUchavA lAgaze ke saghaLI turkastAna, arabastAna, aphaprajAmAM vadhAre jaNAya che, jyAre kaniSkavALI kazAna gAnistAna ke eziyAnA aneka prAMtanI prajA atyAre prajAmAM ochuM che. uparAMta kuzAna ane cakkaNuM bane je muslIma saMskRtimAM raMgAI gaI che tenuM mULa zuM AvuM jaina saMskRti tarapha DhaLelA hovA chatAM, cakaThaNanuM hoI zake kharuM ? te temane jaNAvavAnuM ke jema, zruti (46) sarakhA pR.150mAM TIkA na. 24mAM TAMkeluM hiM, paDatI haivAnuM je lakhyuM che. A kAraNane lIdhe ja samajavuM hinuM avataraNa, temAM bhAtabhAtanI AkRti sikkAmAM najare rahe che,

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166 ane upaniSa kArAnA udbhavasthAna tarIke zakasthAna eTale vartamAna aphagAnistAnanA eka bhAga gaNAya che, chatAM te hakIkatathI jema Azcarya udbhavatuM nathI tA pachI mArA upara pramANenA kathanamAM evuM zuM che ke Azcarya ubhuM kare che? vaLI bIjo khulAsA ema paNa ApI zakAya ke, muslIma saMskRtinA Adyapravartaka mahamada payagaMbara sAheba manAya che ane temane samaya STha. sa. nI 7 mI sadImAM mUkAya che. eTale eTaluM te| kabUla karavuMja paDaze ke temaNe te saMskRtinI udghASaNA karI, te pUrve te temanA anuyAyI anya saMskRtimAM joDAyalAja hatA. vaLI ApaNe ItihAsanA abhyAsathI (jIe pu. 2mAM samrATa priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta tathA pu. 3mAM pR. 33 sAme tenA rAjya vistAranA nakazA) jANI cUkayA chIe ke, I. sa. pU. nA trIjA saikAmAM eziyAnA ghaNA ghaNA bhAgamAM jaina saMskRtinA pracAra thavA pAmyA hatA. tema gardabhIlavaMzI vikramacaritranA vRttAMte varNana AlekhatAM paNa jaNAyuM che ke (jIe A pustake pR. 5, 49 tathA 51nI hakIkata) temanA samaye--eTale i. sa. nI pahelI sadImAM-khuda arabastAna dezamAMja temaja caNuvaMzI jevI paradezI sattAnA rAjamale i. sa. trIjI sadInA aMta sudhI uttarahiMdamAM pazu, jainadharma sArI rIte vyApta thaI rahyo hatA. A pramANenI badhI vastusthiti je vicArAya tA huM dhAruM chuM tyAM sudhI smAzcarya pAmavAnuM kAraNu nirmULa thaI jaze. vAsiSka-eka [ATaluM ATaluM nivedana karAyA chatAM paNu namratApUrvaka jaNAvavAnuM ke uparanuM kiMcit kathana paNa dharmabhAva taraphanA kAI pakSapAtapaNAthI meM karyuMja nathI, paraMtu je vastusthiti mane itihAsanA abhyAsathI samajavAmAM AvI te yathArthapaNe varNavI che temaja A pustakanA vAcakAmAMthI Azcarya vyakta karanArAonA mananuM samAdhAna karavA mATeja ATalA khulAsA paNu karavA paDayA che]. [ navama khaMDa (2) vAsiSNu-vaseSDa-e! ka tenAM nAma kaniSka pahelAnuM maraNu thavAthI tenI gAdI upara tene jyeSTha putra varjhaSka AvyA hatA. tenuM nAma e prakAre lakhAyaluM najare paDe che. keTaleka ThekANe vAsiSka--vajheka paNa lakhAyala che. jyAre keTaleka ThekANe tene TUMkAvIne prathamAkSara va kADhI nAMkhIne eSka paNa lakhAyala che. ane jema haviSNunuM nAma TUMkAvIne hulka lakhAya che tema huSka, juSka, ane kaniSka evuM trika banAvavAne mATe greSDane sthAne zuSka lakhAtuM cha paNa thayuM che. eTale ke upara darzAvela cAre nAma eka ja vyaktinAM che. (47) A mATe pU. 167 nuM lakhANa tathA tenI TIkA jyAre kuDasIjha pahelA, teneA putra DasIjha khIjo ane tene putra kaniSka pahelA; ema anukrame A kuzAnavaMzI traNe rAjAnI anya hakIkata umara 70 ane 80 sudhI paheAMcI che tyAre sAmAnya niyama pramANe emaja mAnI zakAya ke je cothA rAjA Ave te, jo tenA putra ja hAya, to te nAnI umaranA hAvA joie. ane ATaluM to siddha ja thayela che ke, rAjA kaniSkanI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra vaseSTha tene putra ja thatA hatA. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, vaeka jyAre gAdIe AvyA tyAre tenI umara nAnI hAvI joie. jo ke ApaNe te pR. 153 upara tenI umara 40-45 ane tenA nAnAbhAe~ haviSkanI umara 35-40 hAvAnI kalpanA karI batAvI che. paraMtu atra je jaNAvavuM paDe che te eTaluM ja ke tenI umara 30-35 thI mAMDIne ahu te 45nI vacamAM ja hAvI joie. eTale tevI sthitimAM tenuM rAjya dIrdhakAlina nIvaDavAnuM dhArI zakAya. chatAM jyAre zilAlekhathI puravAra thayuM che ke tene rAjyakALa mAtra cha varSa ja cAlyA che, tyAre ema anumAna dorAya che ke te kAryaka akasmAtanA bhAga thaI paDayA haze. temaja tenI peAtAnI na', 50 jue,

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dvitIya paricheda ] umara nAnI che to tenA putranI paNa nAnI ja bIjI bAju evI sthiti hovAnuM puravAra thatuM hevI joIe, je AgaLa upara ApaNe puravAra jAya che ke, rAjA kanike je goThavaNa rAjakArobAra karIzuM ke tenI umara mAtra 3 ke 4 varSanI ja hatI. calAvavAnI karI hatI, tadanusAra haviSka kAzmIrapati ATaluM TUMka samaye tene rAjya cAlela hovAthI banyo hato ane vajhenka mathurApati banyA hatA. prathama te mAnavAmAM ja nahotuM AvatuM ke A nAma eTale ke mULa gAdInI be zAkhA thaI gaI hatI. kaI rAjA thayo haze ke kema ! vaLI tenA nAmane je te pramANe banne zAkhA svataMtra ja pravartI rahI kaI sikko paNa hajI sudhI maLI Avyo nathI eTale hoya te viSkanuM nAma kAzmIrapatinI vaMzAvaLImAM te mAnyatA majabUta banavA pAmI hatI. tethI eka bilakula mUkI zakAya nahIM, paraMtu jyAre rAjataraMgiNiviThAne tenA vize lakhatAM evA zaMkAspada zabdomAM kAre pote ja juSkavaSkanuM nAma kAzmIrapatimAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che ke48 Havishka was gaNAvyuM che tyAre samajAya che ke viSka bhale pitAne probably succeeded by one Wasishka kAzmIramAM mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI tulya mAnato hato whose name appears from inscription chatAMye, mULa gAdI pratye--mathurApatio taraphanuM-mAna te though not varified by a coin = saMpUrNa rIte jALavI rahyo hato. ema sthiti darzAve che. saMbhava che ke havenkanI pAchaLa koI vasiSka nAme have jyAre sAbita thaI gayuM che ke te nAmano rAjA gAdIpati thayo che. jo ke tenuM nAma zilAlekhamAM to thaI gayo che tyAre tenA vize koI anya mAhitI maLI Ave che paNa tene Teke Apa kaI sikko maLe che ke kema te tapAsavuM ja rahe che. tenA nAmanA maLI Avyo nathI." ahIM haviSkanI pAchaLa gAdIe zilAlekhe je maLyo che temAMthI kAMI tatva sAMpaDatuM AvanAra tarIke vasiSkane je ke jaNAvyo che nathI. banavAjoga che ke tenuM rAjya mAtra apapaNa ApaNe atre je vAkaye utAravuM paDayuM che kAlina hovAthI tenA phALe kAMI mahattvapUrNa banAva tene anukrama batAvavAnuM nathI paNa te rAjAnuM banavA pAmyo nahIM hoya, tema bIjI bAjuM ema astitva svIkArAtuM hatuM ke kema te batAvavA puratuM paNa che ke, tenA pitA eTale badhA mulaka vArasAmAM ja che. vaLI teja graMthakAra AgaLa vadhIne kahe che ke, 49 mUkI gayo hato ke tene mATe vizeSa laDAI laDI He (Huvishka) was succeeded by tenAM jokhama kheDIne jamIna prApta karavA jevuM rahetuM Jushka about whom we know very nahotuM. eTale jyAM sudhI vizeSa sAmagrI sapramANa little=tenI (huviSkanI) pachI zuSka gAdIe beThe upalabdha na thAya tyAMsudhI to eTaluM ja uccAravuM che, jenA vize ApaNane bahu ja thoDI, baTuke kicita rahe che ke, teNe pite zAMtimaya jIvana ja pasAra karyuM paNa-kAMIja mAhitI nathI": matalaba kahevAnI e che hovuM joIe. vaLI teNe pitAnA samaye rAjya calAke, huviSka pAchaLa takhuzIna thanAranuM nAma vasiSka eka vavAnI tAlIma tathA anubhava meLavela hovAthI pitAnA vakhate jaNAve che, jyAre bIjI vakhate teja lekhaka TUMka samayanA rAjaamale paNa, lekakalyANanAM kAryo tenuM nAma zuSka lakhe che. eTale vasiSThanuM ja bIjuM karI prajAne sAro cAha meLavI lIdhe ho jeIe. nAma juSka hevAnuM je ApaNe pR. 166mAM anumAna (3) haviSka-huSka karI jaNAvyuM che tene A lekhaka mahAzayanA kuzanavaMzI rAjAo vize bahu ja alpamAhitI kathanathI samarthana maLe che. ApaNane adyApi sudhI prApta thayelI hovAthI ghaNI (50) juo upara TIka naM. 47. (48) hiM. hi. pU. 656. (49) majakura pustaka pR. 658.

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be guMcavaNane [ navama khaMDa ghaNI bAbate aMdhakAramaya dIzAmAM ja paDI rahI che. bannemAM tene paNa mahArAjAdhirAjanuM pada arpaNa temAMthI raphate raphate mArga nIkaLato jAya che. uparanA paricchede, temanI nAmAvalI ane vaMzAvaLI gaThavavAne matalaba ke haviSkane 51 thI 60 sudhI mahAprayatna karatAM, temAMthI eka be bAbatano nirNaya ApaNe rAjAdhirAja tarIke, ane 33 sudhI kAMIpaNa padavI kADhI zakyA chIe. te e ke, je kaniSka nAmanI eka vinAne oLakhAvyo che. jyAre kaniSkane te 41 ja vyakti hovAnuM atyAra sudhI dhArI levAyuM hatuM thI 60 sudhI mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke ja saMba tene badale have be vyakita thayAnuM mAnavuM. tathA kaniSka che. eTale ke 41 thI 60 sudhI kema jANe be mahApahelAnI pachI teno putra viSka thayo che ema mAnavuM. rAjAdhirAja hoya, ane te pahelAM, sAdA rAjA tarIke chatAM haju eka vizeSa guMcavaNabharI sthiti nikAla elo huviSkaja hoya, evI sthiti hovAnuM temAMthI karAvavA mATe rAha jotI ubhI che. teno ApaNe nIkaLe che. athavA bIjA zabdomAM tene goThavI vicAra karavAno che. jo ke cheDeka aMze teno ukela batAvAya te, vaSkanA mRtyubAda turata huviSkaja gata paricchede samajAvI dIdho che paNa anya hakIkata gAdIpati thayo hoya ema zilAlekho kahe che ane puravAra karavAnuM bAkI rahetuM hovAthI te sthAna upara thaDA kALa pachI 33 thI 41 vaccenA kALamAM kayAre vizeSa laMbANa na karatAM AgaLa upara mulatavI rAkhavAnuM te zodhavuM joIe)51 te banne jaNuM mahArAjA kahesUcana karyuM hatuM, te viSaya have hAtha dharIe chIe. vAyA che. vaLI tevI sthiti 60 sudhI cAlu rahI je guMcavaNa che te viSka ane kaniSkanA krama che. eTale ke 29 thI 41 sudhI haviSkanuM ekalAnuM ja saMbaMdhI che. temAM pahelo haviSkane gaNo ke kaniSkane ? nAma che ane 40 thI 60 sudhI te bannenuM nAma che. eka bAju ApaNe kahI gayA Ama hoya te haviSkanuM nAma paheluM mUkAvuM joIe. guMcavaNanI hakIkata; chIe ke rAjA vaSkanuM maraNa A pramANe eka bIjAthI virUddha jatI paristhiti tenA be prakAra thayuM tyAre tene eka nAno putra dekhAya che to temAMthI satya zuM che te tAravI kADhavA ha. bhale te nAno hoya chatAM puratI ApaNI muMjhavaNa che. putra te hato kharo ne ! eTale gAdIne kharo hakadAra che kissAnA ukelamAM bannenA nAmano vicAra te teja banI zake. ane tenuM nAma paheluMja lakhA- karavo hoya te kAMIka vadhAre muzkela gaNAya che paraMtu vavuM joie. jayAre zilAlekha uparathI vaLI bIjA ekano ja vicAra karavAno hoya, te tethI kAMIka sUtara prakAranI ja sthiti dekhAya che. kahevAya. eTale je sUtara che tenI vicAraNuM prathama temAM sthiti A pramANenI che. karI laIzuM. (a) haviSkanA nAme traNa zilAlekho che:--- rAjA vajhezkanuM maraNa nIpajyuM tyAre teNe nAno (33) AMkane mathurAne; temAM tene kAMija putra mUko hate. vAstavamAM te teja gAdIpati thaI padavI apAI nathI. zake, chatAM zilAlekhamAM tenuM (51) AMkane vakana ane (60) mathurAna- pahelI muzkelIne nAma kayAMya nathI jaNAtuM paNa A baMnemAM tene mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIthI ukela viSkanuM ja jaNAya che. tenuM kAraNa AbhUSita karela che. zuM? ATaleja prazna che. sAmAnya (A) kaniSkanA nAme be zilAlekha maLe che. rIte eka e rivAja cAlyo Ave che, ke jo (41) ArAne ane (60) mathurAne-A koI rAjA sagIra hoya te te pukhta umarane thAya (51) A mudde A parideja AgaLanA pAne carcA che tyAMthI joI levuM.

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dvitIya paricheda ] karI Apela ukela ane tene rAjyAbhiSeka karavAmAM Ave tyAM sudhI ane temAM 41 ne saMvata mAMDela che. eTale kAIne rIjaTa tarIke-rAjAnA saMrakSaka tarIkenImavAmAM 40-41 te be sAlamAMja A banne rAjAo Ave che. mukhya aMze Avo rIjeTa, majakura bALa- potapotAne mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke oLakhAvavA rAjAnA aMgata sagAM ke snehImAMthIja zodhI kADhavAmAM maMDayA che ema siddha thayuM kahevAya. jo ke Ave che. te prathAne anusarIne ApaNe A bALa- 40 ne 41mAM bahu taphAvata nathI; kadAca 40nA rAjA je pAchaLathI kaniSka bIjA tarIke prasiddha thayo AMkano zilAlekha kaniSkanA nAmane AgaLa jatAM che tenA saMrakSaka-TrasTI tarIke rAjA vasiSkane nAne maLI paNa Ave, paraMtu atyAre samAdhAna khAtara bhAI eTale kaniSka bIjAno kAko jenuM nAma haviSya mAnI lo ke, 40nI sAla maLI AvI che te hatuM ane jene rAjA kaniSka pahelAe potAnI tAtparya e thayo ke, 29thI mAMDIne 40 varSanA hayAtimAM kAzmIra Adi pradezano vahIvaTa karavA mATe gALAmAMjapara haviSya TrasTI-rIjaTa tarIke kAma karyuM nI hatA, te haviSkane ja saghaLuM kAma karavA nIma hatuM. paNa tethI ochA samaya mATe nahIMja-sivAya ke vAmAM Ave to banavA joga che. ane te pramANe 40nA AMkathI nAnI saMkhyAvALo AMka te bemAMthI tenI nimaNuMka thaI paNa hatI. paraMtu keTalAM varSa sudhI te keInA nAmavALe ane mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIthI sthiti cAlu rahI hatI te ApaNe tapAsavuM rahe che. jeDAyala maLI Ave che.pa3 eTale hAla turata mATe - haviSkanA nAme je keTalAka zilAlekho maLI eTaluM puravAra thayuM kahevAya ke kaniSka bIje sagIra AvyA che te AdhAre uparamAM kahI gayA chIye ke tarIke mAtra agiyAra varasa sudhIja rahyo hato. vaLI teNe 40 thI 60 sudhInAM varSomAM mahArAjAdhirAja'nI atyArasudhInAM aneka aitihAsika dRSTAMtathI jANI padavI dhAraNa karIne kAma lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre rAjA cUkyA chIe ke, te samaye rAjyAbhiSeka mATe lAyaka varjhaSkanuM maraNa 29mAM nIpajyuM hovAnuM sAbita thayuM thayAnI pukhta uMmara prApta thayAnI IcattA 14-15 che. eTale temAMthI sAra e nIkaLe che ke 40 thI 29 varSanI TharAvavAmAM AvI hatI. eTale rAjA kanikane sudhInA vaccenA 11 varasanA gALAmAM teNe te paNa te uMmare rAjalagAma suprata karavAmAM AvI bALarAjAnA rakSaka-rITa tarIke kAma kareluM hovuM haze ema mAnavuM rahe che. vaLI teja hisAbe tenI joIe. A samaya 11 varSano haze ke tethI ochI uMmara pitAnA bApanA maraNa samaye 15-11=4 varSa haze te ApaNe zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. te mATe bIjI mAtranIja hovAnuM kahI zakAze. AkhI carcAno sAra te mAhitI ApaNI pAse nathI ja, paraMtu zilA- e thayo ke, 29thI 40 sudhInA agiyAra varSanA samayamAM lekhamAMthI kAMI maLI AvatuM hoya te tapAsIe. rAjA haviSya. rAjA kaniSkanI sagIravayamAM rAjavahIvaTa jema haviSya mahArAjAdhirAja padavI yukta pitAne calAvyo hato ane agAu jema samrATa priyadarzinanI saMbodhyAnI nAnAmAM nAnI sAla 40nI che tema rAjA bAbatamAM tenI sagIravaya daramyAna tenA dAdA samrATa kanike pitAne mahArAjAdhirAja padathI yukta tarIke ane rAjyakArabhAra calAvyo hato, chatAM te vahIvaTanA saMbodhe hevAnuM ArAnA zilAlekhathI jaNAya che. tera varSa azokanA phALe itihAsamAM caDAvAyA54 che, (52) 29 thI 40 sudhI eTale = 11 varSa sudhI (54) bIjo eka daSTAMta itihAsane TAMkI batAvAze. juo uparanI TIkA naM. 51. temAM je ke A pramANe sagIravaya daramyAna banyuM nathI ja, (53) A bAbatamAM khAsa bArIkAIthI tapAsa karavAnI paraMtu agnimitra zRMgavaMzInA samaye puSyamitra gAdIpati jarUra che. saMbhava che ke 33thI 40 sudhInA 7 varSanA nahe, chatAM tenA nAme vartAva thaye hevAnuM purANakAroe gALAmAM koI zilAlekha madadarUpa thaI paDe te jaNAvyuM che. eTale uparanA banAvane maLatA tarIke tenI maLI paNuM Ave. nedha levI rahe che. 22

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170. be guMcavaNano [ navama khaMDa tema A 11 varSa paNa rAjA haviSkanA nAme gaNA- paristhiti kAMika nirALI thaI paDI hatI. kemake rAjA vavAmAM Ave to cAlI AvatI prathAne ja anusarIne kaniSka pahelAe ja rAjakAjanA bhAga pADIne be kAma levAyuM che ema samajI laI kAMI vAMdhe gaNAze putrane te upara vahIvaTa calAvavA nImyA hatA. eTale nahIM. A pramANe eka muzkelIno ukela AvI gayo jema pote koI vyaktine adhikArapada upara nImavAne samaja. mukhatyAra hato tema tene khaseDavAne paNa teja mukhabIjI muzkelI A prakAranI che, ke 40 thI 60 tyAra hato. jyAre ahiM te tevI vyavasthA pite kare sudhInA 20 varSa sudhI rAjA havika ane rAjA te pahelAM A phAnI duniyAne tyAga karI gayA hatA. kaniSka bIjo-bane potapotAne eTale teNe karelI vyavasthA pheravavAne ke haka gaNAya bIjI cUkelIne mahArAjAdhirAja kahevarAve che. te prazna upasthita thAya che ane tema banavA pAmyuM ukela te kevI rIte banI zake?tene hoya te vizeSamAM vizeSa je vyavasthA karyAnuM goThavI nicoDa kADho rahe che. zakAya tenA prakAra A pramANe hoI zake che - ApaNe prathama muzkelIne ukela karavAmAM to je (1) jema rAjA vajheSTha pitAne suprata thayela prathA sAmAnyapaNe cAlatI AvI che teno Azraya lIdho pradeza upara adhikAra bhogave tema rAjA huvika paNuM. hatuM ane samrATa priyadarzina tathA azokano daSTAMta pitAne suprata thayela pradeza upara adhikAra bhogave; najara samIpa rAkhyo hato. paraMtu temAMte, jevo eTale ke eka vaMzanI be zAkhA thaI kahevAya. priyadarzinane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo teja samrATa (2) rAjA vaSka yuvarAja heI mukhya zAkhAne ja azoka rAjakAjamAMthI nivRtta thaI gayo hato, ane gAdIpati bane ane rAjA haviSka mAtra eka bhAyAta priyadarzine pitAnA ekalAnA nAmeja kArabhAra hatuM tethI mukhya zAkhAnI AjJAmAM rahIne varate. calAvavA mAMDyo hato. eTale temanI bAbatamAM to (3) kadAca mukhya gAdIpati rAjA vajhekanuM mArga taddana saraLa thaI gayo hato. jyAre ahIM to maraNa thAya ane tene putra sagIra hoya te rAjA tema banyuM nathI, paNa banne jaNAeja rAjakArabhAra haviSka rIjaTa tarIke kAma kare; paNa putra mATe DALe che. tyAre tene khulAso kema kADhI zakAya? hoya te te putra gAdIpati bane ane viSka tathA A mATe ApaNe kaniSka pahelAnA samaye zuM tenA putra mukhya gAdInA bhAyAta tarIke jIvana gALe. sthiti pravartI rahI hatI te tapAsavI paDaze ane (4) bemAMthI koI zAkhA nirveza thAya te, temAMthI te muzkelInI jo kAMI cAvI maLI Ave to haiyAta rahelI zAkhAvALo mukhya gAdIne mAlika bane. vicArI laIe. kaniSka pahelAnA vRttAMte jaNAvyuM A cAra prakAranI sthitimAM naM. 2 ane 3 te che ke, pite jyAre eziyAmAM caDAI laI javAnA cAlu prathAne anusarIne eka zAkhA hoya tene lagatI kAmamAM rokAyo hato tyAre rAjavyavasthA saMbhALavAne. che ane naM. 1 tathA 4, je be zAkhA paDI hoya mathurAvALe bhAga yuvarAja viSkane soMpyo hato, te tenuM niyamana karavA mATe che. cAlu prathA pramANenI ane kAzmiravALo bhAga haviSkane sepyo hato ane sthiti te ApaNe uparamAM kayAranI vicArI tyAMthI pAchA AvIne pote kArabhAra saMbhALI le te joI che chatAM tenAthI pUrepuro ukela nathI AvyA pahelAM te tenuM khUna thai gayuM hatuM. dekhItI rIte te sAre ja, AgaLa vicAraNuM calAvavI paDI che. eTale emaja kahI zakAya ke, kaniSka bAda tene cha putra te pramANe vastusthiti banavA pAmI hoya te, ubhI vaka, te bAda tene putra kaniSka bIjo, te bAda thayelI guMcavaNa kema ukalI zake che tenI ja tapAsa teno putra I. I. thayA che. tema sAmAnya krama e kahevAya ke levI rahI. te mATe naM. 1 tathA 4 nI bAbata ja atre je jayeSTha putra hoya te ja gAdIe Ave. paNa atra te vicAravI UcIta lAge che.

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dvitIya paricheda 1 karI Apela ukela jyAre 40 thI 60 varSa sudhInA 20 varSanA eTale eTaluM cokkasa thaI zake che ke, A prathA gALAmAM be rAjAoe potAne mahArAjAdhirAjanI 40 thI 60 sudhI ja astitvamAM rahevA pAmI che. padavIthI vibhUSita thayela mAnyA che tyAre svabhAvika ane te bAda adazya thaI che athavA te nAbuda samajI zakAya tema che ke te samaye te banne jaNA karavAmAM AvI che. te vaLI e prazna vicAro rahe potapotAne ekabIjAthI tadana svataMtra ja mAnatA che ke tema thavAnuM kAraNa zuM? te mATe mArA mata hovA joIe. ane tema mAnavAnuM kyAre bane ke te pramANe vaLI pAchA pharIne ApaNe zilAlekha upara bane judI judI zAkhAnA temaja judA judA pradezanA ja AdhAra rAkhavo paDe tema che. A vakhate ApaNe adhikArapade hoya toja. te pramANenI vastusthiti zilAlekhanA mAtra AMkaDAnI ja madada na letAM sAthe ApaNI vicAraNA naM. 1 ane 3 mATe baMdhabesatI sAthe tenA sthaLa vizenI paNa tapAsa karavI dhaTe che. thatI dekhAya che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, temAM kaniSka bIjA vize prathama tapAsa karI laiesacavyA pramANe te banne jaNAe bhinna bhinna zAkhA tenA zilAlekhamAM 41 ane 60 nA AMka che temaja calAvI hatI.55 te prazna e vicAravo paDaze ke tenAM sthAna je ArA tathA mathurA che te bane (1) Ama thavAnuM kAraNa zuM che ? ane (2) tevI sthaLanuM bhaugolika sthAna, kuzanavaMzI rAjyanI be sthiti kayAM sudhI cAlu rahI hatI ? zAkhA pADavAmAM AvI che te paratve je vicArIe (1) te pramANe thavAnA kAraNa mATe te, uparamAM te sahaja dekhAI Ave che ke te banne. matharAvALI ApaNe ghaNI vAra jaNAvI gayA chIe tema, rAjA zAkhAnA adhikAramAM ja AvI rahela che temaja te kaniSka pahelA ja potAnI hayAtimAM je goThavaNa bannemAM kaniSka pitAne mahArAjAdhirAjanA birUdathI rAjakArobAra calAvavAnI yojI hatI ane temAM pite saMbadhela che eTale bIje lAMbo vicAra karavAnI karakAra kare te pahelAM maraNa pAmyA hatA, teja apekSA ja rahetI nathI. ane ekaja sAra kADhI paddhati pramANe rAjayanA bhAgalA pADavAmAM AvyA zakAya che ke, te pote 40 thI 60 sudhI vIsa hatA ane eka bhAga upara moTe bhAI ane tenA varSanA gALAmAM pitAnI zAkhAnA agraNI pade ja vaMzajo rAja kare tathA bIjA upara nAno bhAI 56 birAjIta rahela haze. ane tenA vArasadAre rAjya calAve te nIti cAlu haviSya saMbaMdhI vicAra karatAM, mathurAnA be zilA2khAI hatI. lekhamAMthI eka 33ne sAde ane bIje 6ne (2) bIjo prazna e che ke, tevI sthiti kayAM mahArAjAdhirAjanA pada sAthe, jyAre trIjo varDakane sudhI cAlu rahI hatI ?--A prazna eTalA mATe ubhe che te 51no che ane mahArAjAdhirAjanA padayasta che. karavo paDe che ke 60 nI sAla pachIne keI matalaba ke te be sthaLonuM sthAna tapAsIe chIe zilAlekha e nathI maLI Avyo ke temAMthI, te, mathurAnuM sthAna mathurAvALI zAkhAnA adhikAra AgaLanI mAphaka, be mahArAjAdhirAja hovAnuM taLe jAya che paraMtu varDaka te kAbulathI trIsa mAIlane athavA te be svataMtra zAkhA cAlu rahI hovAnuM keI che. hevAthI tenuM sthAna kAzmiravALI zAkhAnA rIte anumAna deravAnuM temAMthI upajAvI zakAya. adhikAra taLe gaNavuM paDaze. A pramANe eka sthAna (55) nIcenI TIkA jAo. karyo che eTale mAnavuM paDaze ke A be zAkhAmAnI mULanuM (56) je A pramANe thayAnuM puravAra thayuM che to pahelI -mathurAvALAnuM- Adhipatya ardha svataMtra tarIke svIkArAyuM zAkhAne adhikAra-eTale rAjA vaSka-jIkano adhikAra haze. (uparamAM pU. 162 nuM lakhANuM ane TIkA naM. 42 ane kAmira upara thaye na ja gaNAya. chatAM rAjataraMgiNikAre te 5. 166 mAM kareluM rAjA vakanuM varNana sarakhA), hArimarapationI nAmAvalimAM paNa juka zabdano upayoga

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172 te ukelamAMthI [[navama khaMDa eka zAkhAnI hakamatamAM ane bIjuM sthAna bIjI traNe zilAlekha saMbaMdhI sarva ghaTanA, je naM. 1 ane zAkhAnI hakumatamAM kema ? te koyaDo ukelavAnI paNa 4 vALI sthiti hovAnuM kapAya, toja barAbara maLatI jarUriyAta che. kadAca tenA ukelamAMthI kAMI rasto AvI jAya che. chatAM haju 60nI sAlanA mathurAnA sUjhI Ave paNa kharo! prathama mathurAno vicAra karI lekhane joI khulAso te meLavo ja rahe che. te laIe; tenA be zilAlekhamAMthI eka sAdo . bIjo mATe eka ja kAraNa raju karI zakAya, ke te varSa tenuM mahArAjApada yukata che. ApaNe uparamAM puravAra karI aMtima hovAthI, te samaye te mAMdA paDI gayo che gayA chIe ke, kanika bIjo sagIra hovAthI ra9 joIe. ane koI putra tene na hovAthI kAzmira thI 40 sudhInA 11 varSa daramyAna haviSe rAjyanA jeTale dUra dezamAM pitAnA AkharI maMdavADamAM koI TrasTI tarIke kArabhAra calAvyo che ane te kArabhAra aMgata mANasa sAravAra karanAra pitAnI pAse na teNe mathurAmAMja rahIne calAvyo hoya te svAbhAvika gaNAya; jethI pitAno bhatrija jene pitAnA vahAlache. temaja 33nI sAlamAM pote mathurAnI zAkhA paratve soyA putranI peThe teNe ucheryo hate evo-rAjA bhale sarve sattAdhIza hato, chatAM koI payukata te na kenika bIjo hatA. tenI pAse pote ja mathurA cAlI ja kahI zakAya; eTale kahI zakAya ke te zilAlekha ga hoya; ke pachI rAjA kaniSka ja potAnA kAkA jyAre pote sagIra kamAranI vatI rAjya calAvato uparanA premane lIdhe ke, pitAne nAnapaNamAM teNe hatA tyAre ja teNe mathurAmAM kotarAvyo haze ane te ucheryo hato te upakArane badale vALavAnA miSathI. uparamAM varNavAyalI badhI vastusthitine barAbara rAjA haviSkane mathurAmAM teDAvI lIdhA paNa hoya. baMdha besatI ja che. paraMtu mathurAnA bIjA zilAlekhano game te kAraNu baLavattara banyuM hoya, paraMtu pariNAme vicAra vizeSa aTapaTo dekhAya che. kemake tenI sAlato rAjA huvika mathurAmAM hAjara thayA have joIe. AMka 60 che ane vaLI mahArAjadhirAjanuM birUda che. ane maMdavADamAMthI pAcho uThavA pAmyo na hovAthI jyAre ApaNe te ema sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, tenI zAkhA baMdha paDI gaI ane kaniSka bIje sarva rAjA haviSka 40 thI 60 sudhI kAzmiranI gAdIe sAmrAjyane svAmI banyA. eTale have bIjI muzkelInA rahela hatA. eTale tyAMne mahArAjAdhirAja jarUra paNa sarva vAte ghaTate ukela AvI gayuM gaNAze. kahevAya ane te hisAbe vIkano 51nI sAlano yAda rahI zake te mATe sarve carcAne sAra TUMkamAM zilAlekha vAstavika hovAnuM paNa kabula karI laIzuM.57 darzAvI daIe; kaniSka pahele jyAM sudhI rAjyanI bahAra paraMtu mathurAnA 60 vALA AMkanI dhaDa keme karyA hatA tyAMsudhI tenA pharamAnusAra besArAtI nathI. atre eka vAtanI yAda ApavAnI | sarvano sAra kumAra viSe mathurAmAM rahIne AvazyakatA che; ke 60nI sAla rAjA haviSyanuM mahA yuvarAja tarIkeno adhikAra rAjAdhirAjanA padanA bhagavaTAnuM aMtima varSa manAyuM saMbhALI lIdho hato jyAre huvike kAmirane che kemake 40 thI 60 sudhIja te pada teNe bhogavyuM adhikAra saMbhALI lIdhuM hatuM. rAjA kaniSka che ane te bAda pR. 171mAM jaNuvyA pramANe tenuM ke pahelAnuM maraNa 27 mAM thatAM, banne bhAie potatenA vaMzanuM nAmanizAna jaNAyuM nathI. eTale pR. pitAne suprata thayela bhUmi upara svataMtrapaNe rAjya 170mAM chevaTe jaNAvyA pramANe naM. 4 vALI ja sthiti calAvatA thayA hatA. tevAmAM cha varSe eTale 29nI banavA pAmI dekhAya che. A pramANe rAjAviSkanI sAlamAM 58 rAjA vajheka-juSkanuM maraNa akasmAte (57) jue "sudhA' mAsikane (pR. 131 TI.na. 49mAM) hai hi, 51 varSameM mahArAja rAjAdhirAja huvika, kAbula lakha pR. 6temAM lakhyuM che ke -"isI samaya haviSkazI pradeza para bhI samrATa mAne jAne lAge che " sAmrAjayane Itara pradezo ke eka chatra samrATa ce-vahu nizcita (58) ema samajAya che ke (juo pR.133 bIne kema

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dvitIya pariccheda ] nIkaLato sAra 173 thatAM, ane tene putra mAtra 3-4 varSanI umarane te aputra maraNa pAmyuM hatuM. te sivAya anya hato tethI, te putra umara lAyaka thAya ane tene kAMI vizeSa jANavA jevuM na hovAthI ApaNe AgaLa rAjyAbhiSeka thAya tyAM sudhInA eTale 29 thI 40 vadhIzuM. chatAM eTaluM kahI daIe ke, rAjA kaniSka sudhInA 11 varSa sudhI, rAjA haviSya pote mathurAmAM pahelAe je bhUmi vistAra pite hiMdanI bahAra rahIne baMne dezano kArabhAra calAvye rAkhyo hato. vadhArI dIdho hato temAMthI kayo. keTale ane jyAre jyAre pachI 40nI sAlamAM rAjA kaniSka bIjA rAjyA- khasI gayA hatA te jaNAvavuM joIe paNa te hiMdanA bhiSeka karI, te pAcho potAnA mulaka kAzmiramAM ItihAsano viSaya na hovAthI ApaNe te bAbatamAM rAja calAvavA gayo hato. eTale ke pUrvanI peThe-rAjA durlakSa sevIe chIe. vaSkanA samaye jema hatuM tema-pAchI kuzanavaMzI (4) kaniSka bIje rAjAonI be zAkhA thaI gaI hatI. tevI sthiti upara sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, kaniSka bIjo 40thI 60 sudhI cAlu rahI. tevAmAM rAjA haviSka umara lAyaka thatAM tene rAjyAbhiSeka karI mathurAnI atyaMta bimAra paDI javAthI tene mathurAmAM AvavuM gAdI tene suprata karavAmAM AvI paDayuM ane tyAM tene dehotsarga thayo. uparAMta te aputra pAchuM temanA hatI. eTale mathurA para je hovAthI tene mulaka paNa mathurAmAM bheLavI devAyo.. anukama vize krama goThavavAnuM nakkI karavuM hoya to eTale pAchI kuzanavaMzanI ekaja zAkhA pharIne rAjA haviSkanuM nAma prathama Ave avibhAjyapaNe pravartavA mAMDI. ane pachI ja kaniSka bIjAnuM nAma AvI zake. paraMtu vaMzAvaLI ane nAmAvali goThavatAM je keTalIka tyAM haviSka mAtra TrasTI tarIke ja nimAyela hAIne muzkelIne ukela te samaye karI zakAya nahato paraMtu tene rAjapade Avela na gaNIe te mathurApationI AgaLa upara karI levAze e dilAse devAyo hato nAmAvalimAM haviSyanuM nAma bakAtaja rahI jatuM te upara pramANe thaI gayo che ema have samajI zakAze. lakhavuM rahe. ane je kAzmira dezanuM varNana karavAnuM kaniSkanA maraNa samaye eTale 20nI sAlamAM hoya che. kaniSka bIjAnI sattA te 60 mAM huviSkanuM jyAre vakane 40 varSano Tevyo hato tyAre kaniSkane maraNa nIpajyuM te bAdaja thavA pAmI hatI ema pAMceka varSa tenAthI nAno gaNIne gaNAya. eTale kAzimara dezanI vaMzAvaLImAM huviSkanuM haviSyanI umara 35 varSane harAvyo hato. have nAma te avazyameva AvavuM ja rahe ane te paNa hamezAM tenuM maraNa 60 mAM nIpajyuM kaniSka bIjAnI pahelAM ja. sAbita thayuM che eTale tenuM rAjya 60-27=37 varSa jema mathurApationI gaNanAmAM rAjA haviSkanuM cAlyuM gaNAya ane te gaNatarIe tenI umara 35+37=0ra nAma kAMIka Dhacupacu jevuM lakhI zakAya che. tema varSanI lagabhaga gaNAze. tenA 37 varSanA rAjakArabhAramAM kAzimarapatinI nAmAvalimAM rAjA vaSka-juskanA vaccenA 11 varSa (29 thI 40 sudhInA) teNe nAma vize paNa tevI sthiti hovAnuM samajI zakAya che. pitAnI kAzmiranI gAdI saMbhALavA uparAMta, eTale sAra e thaze ke, mathurAne vahIvaTa paNa calAvyo hato. teNe eka putra (1) mathurA patinI nAmAvaline anukrama A pAchaLa gAdIe Ave te mUkyo nahato eTale ke pramANe jANu. paMkti 17mI) ke rAjA haviSkanA nAmane ane mahArAjAdhirAja pati tarIke svataMtra adhikArapade hatA te samayanA samajavo. 50 sAthene eka zilAlekha AMka 28nI sAla maLI Avyo hajI te hakIkata siddha thayela na hovAthI tene ullekha che, te vAta satya kare che te 28nI sAla, pate jyAre kAzimara agatyanA banAva tarIke karavAnuM nathI,

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(174. kaniSka bIjAnA [ navama khaMDa kaniSka pahele, viSka-juska, haviSkanuM akkasa rAjyAbhiSeka thayo tyArathI gaNIe te 9-40=53 ane te bAda kaniSka bIjo. varSane kahI zakAze. (2) kAzmirapatinI nAmAvalino anukramapada kaniSka bIjAnuM jIvana kharekhara rIte te jyArathI A pramANe jANavo. kaniSka pahele-vaSka-junuM tene rAjyAbhiSeka karAyo tyArathI ja AraMbhita thayuM acAsa; pachI huviSka ane te bAda kaniSka bIna gaNavuM ucita lekhAya. tenI sAla kaniSka bIjAnuM nAma "kaisara " hoya tema teNe rAjyanA banAve atyAra sudhI te ApaNe 40nI pote chetarAvela lekha uparathI samajAya che. mi. sTena gaNAvI che. paraMtu tenA kSatrapa kenAu (Sten Konow ) kata ca9NanuM vRttAMta vicAratAM ane te bannene sumeLa tenAM nAma, umara "kharaSTI zilAlekho" nAmanA utAratAM, kadAca te sAlane be cAra varSa AgaLa paNa tathA rAjya prema pustaka pR. 162 upara ArA laI javAnI jarUra paDe. te sAla game te TharAvAya nAme gAmanA zilAlekhamAM A hAla 40 kAyama rAkhIne ja lakhavAnuM che. te sAla pramANe zabdo cheH-10 "mahArAjasya rAjAtirAjasya aitihAsika dRSTie ati upagI che. kemake, te devaputraya kaisarasya viSka putrasya kaniSkasya" eTale sAlamAM jema kaniSkabIjAnuM jIvana pharI jatuM spaSTa thAya che ke, uparanA vAkayamAM TAMkelA sarva dekhAya che ane potAne mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke zabdo vaSkanA putra kaniSka bIjAne lAgu paDatAM saMbodhatA dekhAya che, tema kAzmirapati haviSka paNa vizeSa che. te AdhAre kaniSka bIjAnuM nAma kesara pitAne teja pada joDIne eka svataMtra samrATa hovAnI hevAnuM ApaNe mAnavuM rahe che. udaghoSaNu jagata sanmukha dharato jaNAya che. vaLI uparanA saMbaMdhamAM jaNAvavAnuM eTaleja ke tenA bIjI bAju, ca9NunA saMbaMdhamAM ane adhikAramAM paNa pitA vagezkanA maraNa samaye zaka 29mAM bhale tenI teja samaye pheraphAra karAye haze ema ka95nA karAya. uMmara 4 thI mAMDIne 10-11 varSanI hoya ane che. atyAra sudhI te tenA pitA daSametikanI peThe te muddo vivAdamAM rAkhIe chatAM te sagIra hatA kevaLa kSatrapaja lakhAte hato tenA badale atyArathI eTaluM to cokkasa che ja. eTale tene janma 25 thI mahAkSatrapanI padavIe tene caDAvavAmAM Avyo haze. 18 sudhInAM sAta varSamAM thayelo gaNavo paDaze ane ane jaranala opha dhI AMdha hisTorIkala rIsarca tene maraNa te mAM nIpajayuM che. eTale te hisAbe tenuM esAITInA pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 62 mAM TAMkela AyuSya 68thI 75 sudhInuM gaNI zakAze. jyAre teno zabda pramANe The statues of Kanishka samagra rAjyakALa, gAdIe beThA tyArathI ja gaNavAmAM and Chashthana being found together Ave te 9- 264ne ane 40 mAM (ke tenI =kaniSka ane cakaNunAM putaLAM sAthe maLI AvyAM che AsapAsa Thare to te hisAbe teTalo sudhAro karavo paDaze) te pratiti thAya che ke, khuda kaniSka ja pitAnI pAse (59) A anukrama ane temAM goThavAyala trivizenI zrIyuta vAsudeva zaraNuM agravAle vivecana karatAM jaNAvyuM che. hakIkata vAMcatAM (juo pR. 162 thI AgaLa) je kAMI asaM- ke, " mArke' lekhameM jahAM kuSANuputra zabda hai, ThIka usI baMdhatA mAluma paDe to tenuM kAraNu vAcakavargane have tarata sthAna para IsameM vakasya zabda hai jIsase mAluma hatA. ja ApoApa samajI javAmAM Ave tevuM che eTale vizeSa hai ki dainehI jagahI pitAkA nAma abhiprita hai. Isa khulAsAnI apekSA rahetI nathI. prakAra vema ke pitA ke nAma kuzANu nizcita hotA ". (10) jIo 1999nA "sudhA' mAsikano mArgazIrSane e hakIkatane gataparicode TI. naM. 40nI hakIkata sAthe aMka 5, 5mAM "mathurAkA yajJa staMbha" nAmane lekha temAM sarakhAve. (khare zuM hoI zake te vicAravA lAgyA che),

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dvitIya paricacheda ] rAjyanA banAve tene besArIne te-putaLAM-ketarAvyAM haze; temaja kuMDalavanamAM cethI dharmasabhA bharavAmAM AvI hatI. te samaye cajhaNa pitAnA zahenazAhanuM kRpApAtra haja A sabhA bauddhadharmIonI gaNAya che. eTale teNe joIe. jyAre tene mahAyAtrA pade niyukta karyo che baddhadharmane rAjyAzraya Apyo hato ema kahI zakAya. tyAre tene vizeSa pradeza upara adhikAra bhogavavAnI paNa tethI karIne keTalAkanuM je ema mAnavuM thAya che sattA kadAca apAI hoya; athavA chevaTe kSatrapa ke, tenA vaMzanA rAjapurUSa brAddha dharmAnuyAyio hatA, dhametika je bhUmi upara rAjya calAvatA hatA teTalI ja e kAMI puravAra thatuM nathI. ema to bauddha graMthamAM bhUmi upara, paNa tene svataMtra akhatyAra ApIne te rAjA ajAtazatrune paNa A dharmanA kArya mATe amuka pada samarpita thayuM hoya. paraMtu svataMtra akhatyAra dAna karate batAvAyo che chatAM te anyadharmane ja bhakata apAyo hoya te sthiti ca9Na mahAkSatrapanA vRttAMta puravAra thayo che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, A kuzanauparathI vadhAre baMdhabesatI Ave che. eTale sAra e vazIe pote bhale bauddhadharmI nahIM haiya, paraMtu jema thayo che. kaniSka bIjAe jema mathurA pradeza upara dareka rAjAnI pharaja che ke teNe potAnI prajAnA pitAnuM svAmitva svIkAryuM tema teNe rAjA haviSyanuM dareka dharma pratye samabhAve jotA rahevuM, tema temaNe paNa, kAzimara upara ane rAjaputAnA-tathA siMdha deza pitAnI baddha prajAe je adhivezana bharyuM hoya te upara mahAkSatrapa caNanuM svAmitva hovAnuM jagatane pratye potAnI dIlajI tathA hamadardI batAvI hAya. manAvyuM che. A pramANe sthiti pate pitAnI rAjI ApaNuM A prakAranA anumAnane, uparanA teja khuzIthI ubhI karI che ke pitAne tema karavAnI pharaja graMthakArane kathanathI; pAchuM samarthana paNa maLI Ave che. pADavAmAM AvI che te prazna alaga rAkhIe. (keTalIka kemake A rAjAoe kotarAvela devadevIonAM aneka paristhitinuM varNana A navamakheDe chUTuM chavAyuM varNana ApIne chevaTe temaNe lakhyuM che ke "But no ApyuM paNa che) paraMtu eTaluM nakkI thayuM kahevAya ke figure and name of Buddha= paraMtu kaniSka pahelAnA samaye je bhUmivistAra mathurApatinI buddhadevanI koI AkRti ke nAma suddhAM paNa te upara ANamAM hatA temAMthI ghaNe aMze oche, A kaniSka nathI." A zabda ja sUcave che ke graMthakArane pitAne bIjAnI ANamAM hata; balake ema kahIe ke mathurAnI paNa teo bauddhadharmI hovAnI zaMkA uddabhavI che. atre mULa gAdi te nAmazeSa jevI ja thaI gaI hatI te eka vAtanI yAda ApIe ke, vidvAne abhiprAya | khoTuM nathI. alabatta A sthitimAM, rAjA ema baMdhAto gayo che ke, jyAM bodhamIone dhArmika haviSkanA maraNa bAda, pAchA paMjAba kAsimara Adi saMramANu ubhAM karavAno prasaMga Ave tyAM hamezAM deze mathurAnI ANumAM umerAyelA hovAthI kAMIka athavA mukhya aMze, buddhadevanI mUrti ja padharAvatA hatA. sthiti vadhAre majabuta thavA pAmI hatI kharI. A ane A sthAne che te pramANe koI mUrti paNa nathI maLI pramANe rAjakIya sthitino khyAla Apyo che. AvatI temaja buddhadevanuM nAmoccAraNa paNa thayuM nathI. sAmAjIka ane dhArmika sthiti vize paNa be eTale ja temane upara pramANe potAno abhiprAya kadAca akSara kahI zakAya tema che. bauddha dharmagraMthane AdhAre saMbhALapUrvaka uccAravo paDayo haze ema samajAya che. noMdha thayelI dekhAya che61 ka. Fourth paraMtu A sabhA viSe prakhyAta saMzodhaka mi. vinsenTa council at Kundalvana near Shri- smitha pitAnA vicAra vyakata karatAM jaNAve che ke nagar under presidentship of Parsva= (jue a. hiM. I. AvRtti 3. 5. 267) Buddhist pArzva nAmanA AcAryanA pramukhapade zrInagaranI pAsenA council...Kanishka's council which is (61) juo hiM. hi. pU. 656, (62) hiM, hi. pU. 656,

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kaniSka bIjAnA [ navama khaMDa ignored by the Ceylonese chroniclers, tarapheNamAM hatA ane avaMti jevo pradeza sahewho probably never heard of it, is jamAM maLI jAya tema hatuM, chatAM jema InDopAthaknown only from the traditions of ana zahenazAha ajhIjha bIjAe (juo pu. 3mAM Northern India as preserved by the tenuM vRttAMta) sAva bedarakArI-ke nabaLAI dAkhavI hatI Tibetan,Chinese and Mongolian writers. ane gardabhIlavaMzanI sattA tyAM jAmavA dIdhI hatI, The accounts of this assembly like tema A kaniSka bIjAe paNa tenuM ja anukaraNa karyuM those of the earlier councils are dis* hatuM. pariNAme tene ja saradAra mahAkSatrapa caNDaNa Sant and the details are obviously avaMtipati banavA pAmyo hato je hakIkata ApaNe -legendary=boddha dharmanI je sabhA-kaniSkanI sabhA- AgaLanA paricachede AlekhavAnA chIe. matalaba ke vize siMhAlIjha itihAsakAro ajJAta che ke teNe koI jAtanI bhUmitRSNa sevI lAgatI nathI. temaNe te vize kadApI sAMbhaLyuM lAgatuM paNa nathI. vaLI teNe ghaNe lAMbe kALa rAjya te bhogavyuMja tenI mAhitI tibeTanA cInanA tathA megalIyAnA che eTale pite kAMI nabaLo ke parAkramahIna rAjA hatA lekhakoe jALavI rAkhyA pramANe, mAtra uttara hiMdamAM- ema paNa puravAra thatuM nathI. A pramANe dareka parithIja maLe che. AgalI sabhAonI peThe A sabhAne sthiti vicAratAM samajAya che ke te bahuja zAMtiprIya hevAla paNa pheraphAravALo jaNAya che ane tenI vigata jIvana gALanAra AdamI have joIe. jyAre zAMtipaNa dekhItI rIte daMtakathArUpaja che. temanI kahevAnI pUrvaka jIvana gALyuM che tyAre tene kaLA tarapha samaya matalaba e che ke, saghaLI brAddha sabhAo vizenI gALavAne avakAza maLyo hoya te svabhAvika che. A game teTalI AkarSaka rIte jaLavAI rahelI sthiti teNe potAnA dharma pratye batAvelI bhakti ane hoya te paNa te bahu vizvasaniya gaNavA jevI bhAva batAvatAM je aneka dazya, mUrtio vi. tenA nathI ja; chatAM zakyAzakyatAne vicAra kara rahe cheja. rAjapATa mathurA zahera ane tenI AsapAsanI kaMkAlI vAstavikapaNe kuzanavaMzI rAjAonuM dhArmika maMtavya TilAmAMthI maLI AvyAM che te uparathI puravAra karI kevuM hatuM te te ApaNe AgaLa batAvI gayA chIe. zakAya che. kadAca ema dalIla karAya ke uparanI vastuA pramANe dhArmika paristhiti tenA rAjya hatI. emAM kaniSkanuM nAma je ketarAyeluM najare paDe che - sAmAjIka bAbatano vicAra karatAM ema samajAya te to kaniSka pahelAnuM paNa saMbhavI zake che. banavA che ke, tenuM AkhuM ye jIvana bahuja zAMtimAM pasAra joga che. paraMtu kaniSka pahelAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM joI thayuM haze. kemake tene je laDAIo ja laDavI hota gayA chIe ke teNe te potAnA jIvanane saghaLe ane pradeza meLavavAnI ja tRSNA lAgI hota te, je uttara bhAga hiMdanI bahAra ja gALe che; chatAM je pradezanI vaheMcaNI teNe gAdI upara AvatAM ja haiDAMghaNAM varSo te hiMdamAM rahyo hato temane mATe potAnA kAkA haviSka ane sUbA caTTaNanI vacce karI bhAga to rajaputAnA ane siMdha jevA dezo tarapha ApI hatI-bhale soye ke naye-te karI ja nahata. caDAI laI javAmAM ja gALyo hato. eTale sAbita paraMtu mAno ke nirUpAye teNe tema karyuM hatuM, chatAM thAya che ke, kaniSkanI nAmavALI vastune nirmAtA mukhya ema to kharuM ja ne ke, je tenI dAnata hota te aMze kaniSka bIje ja hoI zake ane teja hatA. pitAnA uttara jIvanamAM paNa teNe koI prakArane | pR. 159 mAM darzAvela ATha mudAmAMthI tyAM AgaLa prayatna sevyo hato ja. jyAre ItihAsanA pAne tevI naNanuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. atre e muddo je koI noMdha jaLavAI rahelI nathI ja. ulaTuM e kaniSka pahele ane bIje-ema banne vaccenA svabhAprasaMge upasthita thaye dekhAya che ke, saMyoge tenI vanuM varNana ane sarakhAmaNI karavAnuM che, te vicArIzuM.

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dvitIya paricheda ] rAjyanA banAve bannenAM nAma ane AyuSya lagabhaga sarakhAM sthAna teTaluM ja uccakoTinuM gaNAya tevuM che. tethI karIne hovA chatAM svabhAvamAM temaja anya hakIkate teo pahelAe rAjakAraNamAM jema nAma kADhayuM kahevAya ghaNAja bhinna paDI jatA dekhAya che. tema bIjAe sAmAjIka jIvanamAM nAma kADhayuM kahevAya. bane kaniSkanI pahelA rAjyakALa Trake (5) vAsudeva pahele sarakhAmaNuM che. bIjAne dIrdhakAlina che, balka kaniSka bIjA pachI mathurAnI gAdI upara tene sArAye vaMzamAM sarvathI lAMbo che. putra vAsudeva pahelo Avyo che. tenuM rAjya I. sa. pahelo AdheDa vaye rAjyAsane ArUDha thayo che, bIje 196 thI 234 = 38 varSa sudhI cAlyuM che. jo ke ugatI yuvAnImAMja rAjapadane pAmyo che. eTale pahelA tenuM rAjya sAmAnya rItIe jatAM bahu lAMbu coryuM. svAnubhavane lIdhe sAhasika nIvaDe che, jyAre bIjo gaNAya, eTale ema kahI zakAya ke ekate pote nAnI tadana nirapekSA vRtti sevo dekhAya che. pahelAnuM, uMmare athavA te bharayuvAna vaye gAdIe beThe haze AkhuM jIvana kahe ke laDAIo laDavAmAM ja pasAra athavA te kadAca te bahu parAkramI hoya ke jethI thayuM che eTale tene leka kalyANanA mArgo vicAravAne, game tevA humalA bahArathI Avye rahyA hoya topaNa ke potAnuM temaja prajAne sAmAjIka athavA AdhyA- te sarvene pahoMcI vaLavA jeTaluM pote sAmarthya dharAvate tmika jIvana gALavA mATe, paristhiti racavAne kaI hoya. A bemAMthI bIjuM anumAna daravAne ApaNe avakAza raho nahoto. jyAre bIjAnuM jIvana zAMta- prathama lalacAIe chIe. paraMtu jayAre zilAlekha paNe vItela hovAthI teNe A sarve bAbatamAM ThIkaThIka ApaNane ema jaNAve che ke8 Inscriptions kALavyatIta karyo lAge che. jethI bIjAe je kaLA- of Vasudev I at Mathura certainly rasikatA batAvIne pitAnuM nAma aneka saMsmaraNodvArA range in date from 78 to 94 = vAsudeva bhaviSyanI prajAmAM amara karI batAvyuM che temAMnuM pahelAnA mathurAnA zilAlekho kharekhara 78 thI apAMze paNa pahelAe karI batAvyuM kahevAze nahIM. 94 sudhInA mAluma paDayA che. tyAre kabUla karavuM rAjakIya jIvanamAM pahelAnuM jeTaluM parAkramazIla paDe che ke tenuM rAjya mathurAnI AsapAsa ane bahu gaNAya te pramANamAM anekAMze bIjAnuM parAkramavihina tenAthI thoDeka dUra AvIne aTakI rahyuM haze. ane kahevAya. pahelAnA rAjyakALe kazAnavaMzane rAjyavistAra A pramANeja banavA pAmyuM hoya te tene ghaNo sauthI moTAmAM moTo hato. eTale sudhI ke tenA kAMDA- nabaLo rAjA kaheve paDaze. paraMtu jyAre kAMIja te vize baLe evI sthiti ubhI karI hatI ke tenA nAmano zaka jANavAnuM sAdhana nathI tyAre ApaNe prathamanA anumAna tenA rAjyanA AraMbhathI calAvavAmAM AvyuM che, jyAre upara javuM ja paDe che eTale ke te nAnI umare ja bIjAnA rAjyakALe rAjyanA bhAgalA paDI gayelA gAdIe Avyo hovo joIe. te tenA zilAlekha dekhAya che ane temAM pitaja kema jANI joIne mAtra mathurAmAMthI ja kAM sAMpaDayA kare che? te prazna hathiyAra rUpa banavA pAmyo hoya tevuM vartana teNe ukela mAMge che. te samaye uttara hiMdamAM kaI bIjA dAkhavyuM che. evA rAjavIo nathI thayA ke jeoe tenA upara caDI eTale AkhA vaMzanI apekSAe rAjakIya dRSTithI jaine malaka jItI lIdhe hoya; temaja bIjI bAjue vicAratAM kaniSka pahelAno rAjyakALa jema unnata paMjAba ke kAzmiranI lagolagana kaI rAjakartAe sthAne mUkAya te che, tema zAMta ane loka kalyANa- tenI hadamAM AvI jaIne te prAMta kheMcAvI lIdhA kArI jIvana gALavAnI dRSTie kaniSka bIjAnuM heya. AvI paristhitimAM ekaja kalpanA karavI rahe (13) a. hiM. I. trIjI AvRtti 5. ra72..

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178 kuzAna vaMzIonA [ navama khaMDa che ke te paNa tenA pitAnI peThe bahu zAMtithI rAja kSetramAM kAMIka krAMtikAraka sthiti ubhI thavA pAmI calAvanAra rAjavI he joIe. eTale ja tenuM rAjya hevI joIe. nahIMte teNe dharmapalaTa karyo na hota? dIrdhakAlIna hovA chatAM temAM koIpaNa jAtano noMdhavA A vize ApaNane te samayanA traNa dharmamAMnA keI jevo banAva nIkaLato nathI. banavA joga che ke, tevA graMthamAMthI mAhitI maLe che ke kema, te khAtrI pUrvaka banAva banyA paNa hoya. paraMtu itihAsane pAne kahI zakAtuM nathI. paraMtu jainadharmanA sAhitya graMthamAM cAvA rahI gayA hoya. game tema hoya atyAre te eka sthiti varNavavAmAM AvI che keAzare vi. saM. eTaluM ja kahI zakAze ke tenA rAje kaI mahattvanuM 200 thI AgaLa cAreka sadI sudhI, je mukhya AcAryo kArya thayuM najare caDatuM nathI. thayA che temaNe vasatImAM rahevAne badale vanamAM rahe- tenA sikkAo tenA pUrvajonA karatAM judI ja vAnuM 5 pasaMda karyuM hovAthI temanA gacchanuM nAma tarehanA dekhAya che. te jotAM kahI zakAze ke teNe potAne vanavAsI ga7 paDayuM hatuM. banavA joga che ke, A bApIkA dharmano palaTo karyo haze. tenuM nAma paNa dharmakrAMti himAlayanI taLeTImAM Avela nepALa-bhUtAne kadAca te kathananI sAkSIrUpa gaNAya. mi. vinseTa smitha taraphathI AvI caDI hoya; kemake te bAjAnA leke lakhe che ke, "Vasudev I, whose thoro- prajApatine dharma pALatA jaNAyA che. temaja A kuzAneughly Indian name, a synonym of vaMzI rAjyanI samApti je guptavaMzI rAjAoe ANI Vishnu. Testimony to the same fact dIdhI che teo paNa te pradezamAMthI ja utarI Avela is borne by his coins, almost all of kahevAyA che. eTale pramANapUrvaka anya hakIkata jyAM sudhI which exhibit on the reverse, the tenI virUddha jANavAmAM na Ave tyAMsudhI eTaleja figure of the Indian God Siva, atten- anumAna kara rahe che ke, I. sa. nI bIjI sadInA ded by his bull Nandi and accom. pAchalA bhAgamAM. uttara hiMdamAM vaidika dharmanuM jora panied by the noose, trident and vizeSa baLavAna banyuM hatuM. jene pariNAme kuzanavaMzI other insignia of Hindu icon0- bhUpatioe te dharma aMgikAra karyo hato ane jainagraphy=vAsudeva pahele, jenuM saMpUrNa hiMdI nAma, dharmane uttara hiMdanA mathurA Adi prAMtamAMthI rUkhasada viSNu zabdane paryAya thAya che. A bAbatanI sAkSI maLI hatI. tenA sikkA uparathI maLI Ave chelagabhaga sarve upara pramANe ame nirNaya bAMdhyA pachI, paraMtu sikkAmAM avaLI bAju upara hiMdu-deva zivanI AkRti yaMtramAM gayA pahelAM temanA dharma vize prakAza pADatI hoya che tenI sAthe temano poThIo naMdI, tathA phAMsa, keTalIka vadhu vigata maLI AvI che trizuLa ane hiMdumUrtionAM anya cihno paNa najare tenA dharma vize je kadAca upayogI thaI paDavA paDe che." A pramANe sikkA jevA akATaya purAvAthI vadhu puro saMbhava che. te mATe nIce raju mAlUma paDe che ke te pote zivabhakta banI gayo hato. eTale, tenA rAjya rAjakIya daSTie koI asAdhAraNa kembrIja zairTa hisTarI opha inDiyAnA lekhaka banAva bhale banyAnuM kahI nathI zakAtuM, paraMtu dhArmika jaNAve che ke "To the Buddhist (14) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti pR. ra7ra. paNa hoya. jo ke vanavAsI ga7 nAma paDayuM te pahelAnA (65) zA mATe temaNe A sthiti aMgikAra karI hatI AcAryo, madhyahiMda tathA a5rAMtanA ropArA jevA zaheramAM tathA te pahelAM temane mukhya vihAra kayA pradezamAM hatA te rahyAnuM dekhAya che. vAstavika rIte jaNAyuM nathI. banavA joga che ke uttara hiMdamAM na (66) juo te pustaka rU. 76.

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dvitIya paricacheda ] dharma vize Kanishka was as great a figure as che ke, bhale dharmasabhA maLI hatI ane temAM je je Asoka, but unfortunately no early kAma thayuM che te paNa sarva sAcI vAta che; temAM zaMkA historian mentions him and his date nathI ja. paraMtu tethI ema siddha thatuM nathI ke te is very much disputed=bauddhadharmIo ne (te) sabhAno bolAvanAra ke te sAthe kaI prakAre saMbaMdha kaniSka, azokanA jeTalo ja prabhAvika purUSa ho, dharAvanAra A kuzanavaMzI kaniSka ja hate. vaLI A paraMtu kamabhAge pUrvanA keI ItihAsa lekhake tenuM pramANe pote je abhiprAya raju kare che tenuM kAraNa nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. vaLI tene samaya ghaNo zaMkA- jaNAvatAM kahe che ke, paramArtha jevo prAcInamAM spada gaNAya che" eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke, prAcIna ane pahelA naMbare vizvAsa mUkI zakAya tevo azokanA jeTalo ja prabhAva-phALe--bauddhadharmanI purUSa te rAjA kaniSkanA nAmano uccAra sarakho paNa kIti vadhAravAmAM bhale kaniSkano haze, paraMtu koI karatuM nathI. eTale ke je kaniSkanuM nAma koI prakAre prAcIna lekhakoe tenA nAma vize neMdha karI temanA uicita darajaje paNa temAM joDAyuM te te vizenI jevAmAM AvI nathI. chatAM banavA joga che ke kaniSkane dha te karyA vinA raheta kharo? matalaba e thaI ke, samaya je cokkasa rIte jaNAyo nathI te kadAca tenI bIjI badhI vAta kharI, paraMtu bauddha dharmasabhA sAthe kAraNa (kaniSkanuM nAma je mAlUma paDatuM nathI te bAbatanuM) kaniSkanuM nAma kaI rIte joDAyuM nathI ja. eTale ke rAjA rUpa paNa hoya. matalaba ke pitAnI mAnyatA to kaniSka bauddhadharma nathI evo nakArAtmaka purAvo raju amuka prakAre baMdhAI gaI che ja; paraMtu kaI zaMkA thayo. tema bIjI bAju pezAvara jIllAmAM Avela uThAve tenA karatAM pote ja tenA mananuM samAdhAna zAhIjI kI gherI gAmethI maLI Avela peTI uparanA karavA mATe pratyuttare khulAsArUpe pAchuM jaNAve che citra vize temaNe je lakhyuM che temAMthI hakArAtmaka ke47 " It must be remembered how- AdhAra maLato hoya ema jaNAya che. te vAkaya A ever that, while there is no doubt pramANe che. " Kanishka, standing between about the existence of the Buddhist the sun and the moon=sUrya ane caMdranI vacce Council and the work it did, Kanish kaniSka ubhe che" eTale ke te peTI upara rAjA ka's connection with it is not absolu* kaniSkanuM citra che ane tenI eka paDakhe sUrya ane tely certain. Parmarth, for example, bIje paDakhe caMdranI nizAnIonI katarelI che. ApaNe who is the earliest and perhaps the sikkAcitranA abhyAsathI have jANItA thayA chIe most reliable authority does not ke, vidvAne te cihane Star and Crescent tarIke mention Kanishka etc.=chatAM yAda rAkhavAnuM saMdhe che ane tene caSThavaMzavALAo pitAnA che ke, bauddha dharmasabhAnA adhivezana vize tathA temAM sikkA upara hamezAM ketarAvatA rahyA che. A nizAnI thayela kArya vize. jo ke koI jAtano saMzaya nathI ja jainadharmanuM dyotaka gaNAya che je hakIkata 5. 2 sikkAcitra paraMtu tethI te sAthe kaniSkane saMbaMdha kAMI cokkasa naM. 42 mAM tathA pu. 3 sikkAcitra naM. 102 mAM thatuM nathI ja, (kemake) dAkhalA tarIke, paramArtha, je vigatavAra samajAvavAmAM AvI che. temaja AgaLane ekadama prAcIna ane sAthe sAthe ati vizvasanIya tRtiya pariccheda je, cakaNavaMzanA varNana mATe ja khAsa AdhAra rU5 gaNAya che, te te kaniSkanuM nAma uccAra karyo che temAM paNa tenI samajUti ApavAmAM AvI che. paNa nathI I. I. " temanA kahevAnuM tAtparya ema A pramANe--nakAra tathA hakomAM nAdhAtA (17) jue majakura pustaka pa, 78, (18) majakura pustaka pa. ,

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zeSa nAmadhArI [ navama khaMDa baMne jAtanA purAvAthI sAbita thaI zake che ke Roman and Parthian empires for kuzanavaMzI rAjAo jaina matanA anuyAyIo ja several years = I. sa. 167 nI je bhayaMkara hatA. vAsudeva pahelA ja temAMthI palaTo karIne prathama mahAmArIe, rAma ane pArthiAnA sAmrAjyane keTavaidika matavALe banyo hate. lAMye varSo sudhI nirjana karI nAMkhyA hatA te, mahA(6 thI 13) bAkInA ATha rAjAo mArIne lIdhe kadAca, (temane aMta)-paDatI vegavaMtI vAsudeva 38 varSa sudhI rAjya karI I. sa. 234 banI rahI hoya." eTale emanuM dhAravuM ema thAya mAM maraNa pAmyA bAda teNe koNe ane keTalA keTalA che ke, yuropamAM je mahAmArI-plega, roma rAjya I.sa. varSa sudhI rAjya bhogavyuM? te kahevA jevI sthitimAM 167 mAM phATI nIkaLI hatI te plegavALe rogacALe ApaNe nathI ja. paraMtu saMyogAnusAra joI zakAya che pUrva tarapha vadhate vadhate prathama pArthi-IrAnanA ke, te bAda 46 varSa eTale I. sa. 280 sudhI te rAjyane bhakSI gayo hato ane teTalAthI paNa tene vaMzanI sattA cAlu rahI che. kadAca vadhAre ke ochA khappara bharAyuM nahIM hoya, eTale te hiMdamAM AvI samaya paryata paNa te cAlu rahyo hoya, kemake temano paheryo haze ane kuzanavaMzI rAjyanI samApti karI mUlaka, je rAjAo hiMdI ItihAsamAM guptavaMzI tarIke dIdhI haze. A anumAna upara AvavAne temane zuM kAraNa eALakhAvAyA che. temaNe jItI lIdho gaNAya che ane maLyuM haze te upara prakAza pADayo nathI. eTale samajAya teone utAra kyAre thayo hato te nizcayapUrvaka zodhAyuM che ke, hiMdI itihAsanA paradezI AkramaNakAronA A nathI. A vaMzano trIjo rAjA, caMdragupta pahele u aMdhakAramaya prakaraNamAM je pramANe IDesithIana, vikramAditya kahevAya che. teNe i. sa. 19 mAM avaMtinI i-DopArthiana, zaka, kSaharATa ane 59hyAjha I. I. nI gAdI, caSThavaMzI kSatrape, jene ApaNe zAhavaMzI pUrepUrI oLakha thaI zakAyAthI vidvAnoe ekamekanI rAjA tarIke saMbodhavAnuM jAhera karyuM che, temanI bheLabheLA karI dIdhI che ane pachI potAnI kalpanA pAsethI meLavI hatI ane tenA smArakamAM pitAne pramANe varNana karavAmAM AgaLa vadhatAM, kayAMya muzkelI ema saMvatsara0 pravartamAna karyo che. A trIjo rAjA ubhI thatI tyAre temaNe manamAnyA khulAsA jeDI kADhavA che; eTale tenI pUrve be thaI gayA gaNAya. te bannene paDayA che, te pramANe A kissAmAM paNa banavA pAme sarerAza rAjyakALa vIsa vIsa varSa Tevo te 40 varSanA haze. nahIMte kayAM yuropa ne kayAM hiMda. te bene saMbaMdha thayo kahevAya ane te hisAbe 319-40=279 I. sa.nI za? vaLI kayAM 167 nI sAla ane kayAM 280 nI AsapAsamAM guptavaMzI prathama nRpatie kuzanavaMzI samrATa sAla? vaLI hiMdamAMthI InDopAthIana zahenazAhatanuM upara jIta meLavI gaNI kahevAze. joke, mi. vinsenTa I. sa. 45 mAM khatama thavuM kaLyAM? tevIja rIte inDosmithanA abhiprAya pramANe A vaMzano aMta judIja sithianano aMta I. sa. pU. 50 mAM thayo che te rIte AvyA hovAnuM noMdhAyuM che. te vidvAna evA kayAM ? Ama eka bIjAne saMbaMdha na hoya tevI vAtanuM mata dharAve che ke "The decay.must joDANa karavAnuM heya kharuM ? have been hastened by the terrible A kuzAnavazI rAjAonA sikkAmAM je pArthiplague of A. D. 167...which desolated ana aMza jevuM dekhAya che te kAMI pAyeiane kuzAna (69) juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 70. (70) A jIta meLavyAne samaya nakkI jaNAye nathI paNa caMdragupta pahelA rAjyAraMbha I. sa. 318mAM thaye che eTale te samayathI A gupta saMvatsarane pracAra thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. matalaba ke te chatane samaye 319 nI pachI ja hatA. (71) jue temaNe lakhelI a. hi. che. trIjI AvRtti pU. ra73,

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dvitIya pariccheda ] rAjAo viSe 181 vaMzanI hakumata upara caDI AvyA tenA pariNAmarUpa bahu agatyane savAla nathI eTale hAla te smitha nathI; paNa A kuzanavaMzIo teija inDopArthi sAhebanuM maMtavya raju karIne A paricchedanI samApti ananI hakumatanI pAchaLa pAchaLa, hiMdanI bhUmi upara karIzuM. temaNe sApha zabdomAM noMdha karI che ke, so caDI AvyA hatA tenI asaranuM te ghAtaka che. mata- much, however is clear that Vasudev I laba ke temanA kathana pramANe, prathama kuzAna ane pachI was the last Kushan King, who conpArthiana ema nathI banyuM, paNa prathama pArthianatinued to hold extensive territories ane pachI kazAna AvyA che. in India; after his death there is no upara jaNAvyA pramANe A sarve naM. 6 thI 13 indication of the existence of a para sudhInA sAtathI AThe vIryahIna ane nAmadhArI mount power in Northern India=chatAM rAjAone aMta Avyo kahI zakAze. temanAM nAme eTaluM spaSTa che ke vAsudeva pahelAne chelle ja kevAM hatAM te jaNAyuM nathI ja. paNa A vaMzanA kuzanavaMzI rAjA kahevAya ke jeNe hiMdamAM bahoLA pAMcamA rAjAne jyAre vAsudeva pahelA tarIke saMbo pradeza upara svAmitva TakAvI rAkhyuM hatuM. tenA maraNa che, tyAre kahI zakAze ke, A nAmadhArImAMthI bAda uttara hiMdamAM keie eka chatrI rAja karyAnuM ekAda rAjAnuM nAma vAsudeva bIje haze ja; ane kAMI cihna najare paDatuM nathI. kadAca vAsudeva trIje, cothe ityAdi paNa heya. te

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-- - - tRtIya pariccheda caThaNuvaMzI (zAhavaMzI)-kSatra TUMkasAra-caThaNa kSatraponuM khyAna kuzAna rAjAo sAthe joDavAnuM kAraNa batAvI temanA zakapravartaka vize karelI carcA-tathA sikkA ane zilAlekhanA AdhAre tenA prAraMbhane sAbita karI Apela samaya (1) daSametika kSetranuM Apela TUMka jIvanacaritra (2) cakaNanAM vividha birUdenI prAptine Apela itihAsa-te uparathI ghaDAyelA tenA jIvanane temaja rAjyavistArane taravarI Avate Apela khyAla-kaniSkanI sAthe maLI Avela caBNanI mUrti kevA saMyogomAM bharAvAI haze tenI tathA tenA samaya vizenI Apela samajUtI-nahapANa ane ca9NanI vidha vidha dRSTibiMduthI, sAmyatA ane viSamatAnA muddAo TAMkI TAMkIne, karelI tulanA-temanA jIvanamAMthI sUjhI AvatA kSatrapa mahAkSatrapanI sattA vizenA vicAronuM karela avalokana- tathA temanA bhedanI samajUtI sahaja thaI paDe mATe tenuM batAvela keSTaka-cakaNa ane kuzAna saMvatanA bhedabhedanuM Apela varNana-caSaNanAM AyuSya umara I- (3) jayadAmana rAjyapade A saMbhave che ke kema te vizene karI Apela nirNaya (4) rUdradAma-tenA rAjyavistAra saMbaMdhamAM thatI gerasamajUtIonuM ATha dalIlemAM karela varNana tathA tene sUcavele pratikAra-rAjyavistAra sivAya anya hakIkata para thayela gerasamajUtinuM tathA AkhA caSaNa vaMzIonA dharmavize karela nirUpaNa... je zilAlekho, rAjakartAo ubhA karAvya gayA che temAM rAjakIya mahattva che ke kema tenI karelI carcA-zilAlekha uparathI sAbita karelI temanI dharma pratyenI dhagaza tathA temanAM tIrthadhAma upara pADela prakAza-aSaNa zakanI Adine je samaya TharAvyo che tenI, ATha dRSTAMta ApI pUravAra karelI satyatA tathA te AdhAre itihAsanA aMdhakAramaya yuganA joDI ApelA zraTita maNakAo -AkhA navamakhaMDanI saMkSiptamAM ApelI samayAvaLI-

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tRtIya pariccheda ] cakaNavaMzI kSatra 183 atyAra sudhI varNavAyelA paricchedamAM jema varNana karI batAvavAmAM Ave te lekhakane temaja saMkalitapaNe amuka amuka vaMza-rAjA ke paristhitinuM vAcakane baMnene anukULa thaI paDe ema dekhAyuM che. avalokana karAyuM che, tema A upara pR. 159 mAM je muddAonuM A paricachede hetu paricchedamAM kAMIka sojItapaNe varNana karavA mATenI sUcanA karAI che temane eka prazna kAma levAnuM haze ema dhAravAnuM temanA zaka-saMvatsarane lagatA nathI. mathALuM te rakhAyuM che "cakaNavaMzI kSatra 'ne temanA zakanA che. prathama paricchede kuzAna lagatuM, ke jene itihAsamAM sAmAnyarIte Western kartA vize vaMzanI nAmAvali goThavatAM ema Kshatraps=pAzcAtya pradezanA (bhUpatio evA) jaNAvAyuM che ke temane zaka kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che ane jene . sa. 103 mAM jyArathI kaniSka pahele mathurA pati pu. 3 pR. 342 mAM ApaNe "zAhavaMza'' tarIke banyo hato tyArathI AraMbhAyo che. sAthe sAthe saMbodhe che tenuM; paraMtu te AkhA vaMzamAM jeTalA ema paNa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke, caThaNuvaMzI rAjAo thaI gayA che, tenuM yathAsthita ane jeTaluM kSatrapanA zaka-saMvatsaranI Adi paNa teja samayathI jANavAmAM AvyuM che teTaluM saghaLuM ja varNana atra karavAmAM AvI che vidvAnoe A banne prasaMgane-kuzAna ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. kAraNa ke tema karavAmAM ane caNa saMvatanA prAraMbhane, I. sa. 78 mAM Ave te ApaNe TharAvelI samaya maryAdAnuM ati thayAnuM gaNAvyuM che. jyAre meM aneka purAvAne aMge ulaMdhana thaI jAya che. eTale temanuM saMpUrNa khyAna je nIce jaNAvavAmAM AvyA che, tene samaya na ApatAM temane lagatI je je vigata atyAra IsavI sana 103 no TharAvyuM che. alabatta eTale darajaje sudhI nahIM zodhAyelI dekhAI che athavA te mAluma barAbara che ke, A baMne prasaMgone samaya I. sa. paDI che paNa jemAM have pheraphAra karavAnI AvazyakatA 103 mAM noMdhI zakAya tema che. paraMtu tema thavAno lAgI che, teTalInuM ja ahIM vivecana karavAnI dhAraNA kAraNe judAM judAM samajAya che mATe te bannene, rAkhI che ke jethI karIne temano saMpUrNa itihAsa ekaja zaka na mAnI letAM bannene bhinna bhinna nAme lakhavAmAM Ave tyAre te bAbata upara pUratuM lakSa eLakhAvavAnI jarUra lAge che, eTale kuzIne ane ApavAmAM Ave. caNa saMvata ema niranirALAM nAme tene oLakhIzuM. vaLI, A kSatrapone lagatI bInAonuM svataMtra jo ke nAma judAM daIe chIe-paraMtu itihAsanA varNana na ApatAM, A kuzanavaMzI prajA sAthe ja AlekhananI daSTie AMkanI gaNatrImAM ke banAvAnI temano eka pariccheda banAvIne joDe che tenuM kAraNa noMdha karavAmAM, ekane badale bIjuM nAma vaparAI e che ke, A kSatrape mArI samaja pramANe kuzana- javAthI keIi jAtane virodhAbhAsa thato najare paDatA vaMzI rAjAonA saradAre hevAnuM nakkI thAya che. nathI, emaja samajI levuM rahe che. have tenI utpattinA eTale kazAna ane cakaNu vaMzane lagatA keTalAka samaya vizenI vicAraNuM prathama karI laie. banAva aMdaroaMdara eka bIjAne sparzIne rahelA samaya-kALa gaNanA mATenI paddhati vizenI che, te mATe temanA ja itihAsanI sAthe je AmanuM mAhitI ApatAM A pustakanA AThamAM khaMDe be (1) A nAma zA mATe pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM te (2) kadAca eka be varasanuM aMtara karAvavuM hoya te pu. 3 mAM teja ThekANe darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che. te nAma TharAvI zakAya tema che. paraMtu tema karavA jatAM anya bIjI pAchaLathI khATuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM che eTale ApaNe paNa tene muzkelIo ubhI thavAno saMbhava che tethI hAlate eka ja choDI daine caThaNuvaMzI zabda ja vAparavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM che. samaya hovAnuM jaNAvavuM ThIka lAgyuM che. '

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caBNa zako [ navama khaMDa riccheda lakhavA paDayA che. temAMnA dvitIya paricchedamAM temaja pu. 3mAM pR. 217thI 22 sudhI naM 1nI ane aneka saMvata sAthe zaka-saMvatanuM paNuM varNana karI pR. 321-22, cothAnI khAsa viSaya tarIkenI carcA batAvAyuM che. tyAM ema siddha karavAmAM AvyuM che ke upADIne ApaNe sAbita karI ApyuM che eTale hiMdanA uttara bhAgamAM je zaka-saMvata pravartata jaNAya te bene varjIne bAkInI bene ja atre vicAra kare che tenI sAthe dakSiNa hiMdamAM pravartI rahela zaka saMvata rahe che. bAkI rahetI be bInAo-kuzAna ane sAthe kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI. eTale ke bane bhinna caSThaNanI bAbata-ekaja samaye uddabhavI che. temanI bhinna che. tyAM ditIya parikedamAM dakSiNa hiMdanA utpattinAM kAraNa judAM judA che paraMtu temanA prAraMbha zaka vizenI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI hatI. eTale samaya eka ja che-eTale ApaNuM kAma puratAM tene atre uttara hiMdanA zaka vize ja vicAra karavAno che. eka ja lekhIe te paNa harakata jevuM nathI. temAMye uttara hiMdanA zakasaMvatanA prAraMbha sAthe, nIce kuzAna vaMzanA zakanI bAbata te agAu carcAI darzAvela cAra banAvamAMthI kaI ekanI sAthe paNa gaI che. eTale atra cakkaNu vaMzanI ekalAnIja vidvAnI mAnyatA pramANe saMbaMdha hovAnuM dharAtuM bAbata vicAravI rahe che. AvyuM che. (1) nahapANathI, (jene zaka prajAne dhArI ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke caThaNazaka ane kuzanalevAyo che tethI) te zakane prAraMbha thayo hoya, zakane AraMbhakALa eka ja samayano gaNAya che. have (2) tevIja rIte caSaNa kSatrapanA vaMzanI Adike (3) jyAre kakSAnakane kALa I. sa. 103 gaNAya che tyAre kazAnarvazI rAjA kaniSkano rAjyAraMbha athavA chevaTe caDjhaNa saMvatane AraMbhakALa paNa che. se. 103 ja (4) paradezI AkramaNakAromAMnA rAjA mejhIjha ke tenA kahevo paDe temAM te zaMkA jevuM che ja nahIM. paraMtu vaizajomAMnA ajhIjha pahelAthI ke bIjAthI tene AraMbha, atra je ApaNe sAbita karavuM rahe che te eTaluM ja I. I. thayA paNa hoya ema manAya che. A pramANe ke, te AMka zI rIte meLavI zakAya che? temaja te cAra mAnyatA atyAre dharAvAya che, kemake A cAre AMkavALA zAke pravartAvavAnuM kAraNa zuM che ane ke vaMzanA pationuM jora, uttara hiMdamAM-vadhAre prabaLa pravartAvyo hato? prathama pAye jaNAvavAnuM ke AMka te paNe jAmavA pAmyuM hatuM. temaja teo dareka kaI thazaya, nizAnI samayadarzaka nizAnI kahevAya che ane tenI gaNatrI jAtinA che ema pAke pAye oLakha thaI na hovAthI pAke pAye tathA vinA kasUre karavI hoya te, zilAlekha te sane zaka prajAnA aMza tarIke mAnI levAyA che. ane sikkAne lagatAM jeTalAM sAdhane meLavI zakAya vaLI zaka prajAthI te saMvatasara cAlu thayA che mATe teTalAM meLavIne te pramANe AgaLa vadhavAthI ja IcchIta tene zaka saMvata TharAvI, jyAM jyAM samayadarzaka AMkaDA pariNAme pahoMcI zakAya. temAM ane te ApaNe najare paDayAM, tyAM tyAM te sarvene I. sa. 78 sAthe tenI Adine ja samaya meLavavo che eTale te vaMzanA hisAba meLavIne, samayadarzana karAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A pAchaLanA rAjAone badale pUrvanA athavA ekadama pramANe vastusthiti ItihAsamAM pravartI rahelI dekhAI zarUAtanA rAjAonA ja zilAlekha ane sikkAne che. te sthiti vAstavika che ke tene lIdhe aneka guMcavaNe tapAsavA paDaze. te kAma mATe prathamanA be traNa ubhI thavA pAmI che? te samajI levAnI jarUra che. rAjAnI ja vicAraNAM paratI nivaDavA saMbhava che kemake uparanI cAra bInAmAMthI bena-naM. 1 ane naM. na. temane lagatI tathA prakAranI je sAmagrI prApta thaI 2 yazanI tathA 4 vALI bInAne-I. sa. 78 vALA zaka saMvata che temAM AMkane nirdoSa thayela paNa mAlUma paDe che sAthe bilakula lAgatuM vaLagatuM nathI ema prasaMgopAta ja. AvA prathamanA traNanAM nAma Satika, caTheNa (8) jue : 3 pa. 14, 1 (DhI . 7) pa. 350 tathA tenI TI. naM 78.

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tatIya pariccheda ] kartA tathA samaya 185 ane rUdradAmana che. temAMthI daSatikano kaI zilAlekha rudradAmananI bAbatamAM te tenA pUrvajandAdA ane ke sikko hajI sudhI jaDI Avyo nathI eTale kevaLa pradAdA-karatAM paNa sthiti nirALI ja che. tenA to tenI vicAraNAthI ja ApaNuM badhuM kAma sarI jAya zilAlekha ane sikkA bane maLI AvyA che; tevI vakkI nathI lAgatI. vaLI caNane kaI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa zilAlekhamAM tenA vaMzanA zilAlekha jo ke adyApi paryata maLI Avyo nathI ja saMvatano AMka suddhAMta lakhela che. jyAre sikkAomAM chatAM tenA sikkAo paNa maLI Ave che. temAM tene sAlano AMka to joke nathI ja paraMtu kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanI upAdhivALA saMbodhAye pitAne mahAkSatrapa ane rAjA padathI vibhUSita thayela jaNAya che. chatAM temAM paNa ekamAM teno AMka to4 jAhera karela che. vaLI khAsa viziSTatA e che ke najare paDatuM ja nathI, paraMtu eka bIjI vastu tenA pite kSatrapa bane ja lAgatuM nathI. uparanI saMbaMdhamAM spaSTapaNe dekhAtI mAluma paDI che ke teNe hakIktane turata samajI zakAya mATe kAThAnA rUpamAM pitAne "rAjA" tarIke paNa oLakhAvyo che. jyAre goThavI daIe. nAma sikA zilAlekha T birUda nathI jaNAyAma nathI jaNAyA (1) dhametika (2) cakraNa || nathI jaNAyuM kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ane nathI jaNAyA rAjA che, paNa keAI upara sAlapa lakhI nathI (46 nI sAla vAMcyAnuM kAMIka yAda Ave che. uparanI TIkA naM. 3 juo). (a) rUdradAmana | che, paNa eke upara sAlanuM che, temAM sAlanA AMka | mahAkSatrapa ane rAjA . lakhI nathI | | para ane 7ra jaNAyA che. che, paraMtu kSatrapa nathI A pramANe sUtra tarIke, uparanI hakIkata goThavIne purUSa gAdIpati banyo che teNe kotarAvela sikkAmAM have ApaNe AgaLa vadhIzuM. rUdradAmana pachI je cotho pitAne samaya 72 thI 100 sudhIno batAvyo che eTale (4) ekAda jamAe 46 no AMka hovAnuM mArA vAca. nahapANu ane caThaNu banene zaka prajAnA gaNIne tathA pahelAnI vAmAM AvyuM che kharuM, paraMtu tene AdhAra TAMkavAne atyAre pAchaLa bIjo gAdIe AvyAnuM kalpIne te zabda vAparyA che mArI pAse sAdhana rahyuM nathI. jyAre vastusthiti te judI che. (juo pu. 3. pR. 217 thI nike ke, A. 2. prastAvanA pR. 112mAM lakhela che ke 222). AvAM kAraNane lIdhe A kathanane AdhAra 46 nA All that is known as to the duration of Aka mATe huM TAMkI zakatA nathI.]. Chasthan's reign in the period limited by (5) sikkA ane zilAlekha kaNa ane kayAre paDAvI zake? the years 46 and 72=caThaNanA rAjakALa vize je tathA tenA AMka kayAre lakhI zakAya? te saMbaMdhI je vastu sarva jaNAyuM che te 46 ane 72 nA samayanI vacagALe sthiti mA nirIkSaNamAM AvI che, te AgaLa cAthA, maryAdita thayuM che. vaLI teja pustakanA pU. 72 upara parike varNavI che. tyAMthI joI levuM. Period between Saka 46 and 12 zaka-saMvata [mAruM nirIkSaNa sarvathA satya ja che ema mAre dA 1 thI 72 vacceno samaya, evA zabdo maLyA che. paraMtu nathI. saMzodhakone je anubhava thAya che temaNe jAhera tene meM pramANika AdhArarUpe nathI karAvyA; kemake, temaNe karavA vinaMtI che.] 2x

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186 te uparathI sAbita thAya che ke, rUdradAmananI AkharanI sAla tarIke ApaNe 7ra teja lekhavI paDaze. ane tenI vahelAmAM vahelI sAla para nI che jyAre RNunI kAi sAla maLI AvI hAya teA te 46 nI che. eTale sAra e thayA ke je caSNunI pachI rUdradAmana turata gAdIe beThA haiAya te para ane 46 vaccenA cha varSanA aMtaramAMja tema banavA pAmyuM hoya. te samayane samabhAge vaheMcI nAMkhIe te| caNunA aMta ane rUdradAmanane prAra'bha 49-50 mAM ApaNe mAnave raheze. paraMtu rUdradAmana gAdIe na AvyA hAya tA, 46 thI para varSanA aMtaramAM bIjo kAI purUSa rAjakartA tarIke AvyA hAya ema paNa saMbhavI zake. paNa ApaNe itihAsanA abhyAsathI tathA sikkAmAM krAtarAyela kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa jevA heAddAnA adhikAra vizenI gauravatAnA bhedathI jANIe chIe ke (jIe pu. 3 pR. 164-72 ) je vyakti prathama kSatrapa hAya che te jyAre mahAkSatrapanuM padma dhAraNa kare che tyAre tenA adhikAra vizeSa vistRta thAya che. AmAM rUdradAmanane kSatrapa pada lAgyuM ja nathI. tene te ekadama mahAkSatrapanA ja adhikAra prApta thayeA che, vaLI pu. 3mAM nahapANunuM jIvana lakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke jyAMsudhI amuka vyakti yuvarAja pade hoya che tyAM sudhI tene kSatrapa kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu svataMtra adhikAre AvatAM athavA gAdIpati tarIke birAjatAM tene mahAkSatrapa kahevAmAM Ave che, eTale A siddhAMta anusAra evA TharAva upara AvavuM rahe che ke, dAmane yuvarAja padavI dhAraNa karI lAgatI nathI paNa ekadama gAdIpati ja banI beThe| lAge che. A anumAna eTalA uparathI satya Thare che ke, caNunA putra ane rUdradAmananA pitA, jenuM nAma jayadAmana jIvAyuM che tenA kAI kAI sikkA maLI Ave che te sarvemAM tene kSatrapa tarIke ja oLakhAvAyA che.6 ekamAM ka caNa zakanA [ navama khaMDa mahAkSatrapa jaNAbyA nathI eTale tApa e nIkaLe che ke, caNanA samaya daramyAna jayadAmana, kSatrapa padeja rahyo jAya che paNa kAkALe gAdIpati thavA pAmyA nathI, matalaba ke gAdIe besatAM pahelAM maraNa pAmyA haze ane tethI karIne tene putra rUdradAmana ja peAtAnA dAdA caSNunI pAchaLa gAdIe beThA lAge che. eTale uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe caNutA aMta 49-50mAM thatAM rUdradAmananA rAjyane AraMbha thayAnuM gaNavuM rahe tathA kSatrapa jayadAmananuM mRtyu paNa, caoSNanuM mRtyu je sAlamAM nIpajyuM teja sAlamAM ke tenI pahelAM nIpajyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM rahe; kemake jo ekAda be varSanuM paNa aMtara te be banAva vacce rahevA pAmyuM heta, te jayadAmana pote mahAkSatrapa tarIke ane teTalA samaya mATe rUdradAmana peAtAne kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvata ja; paNa jyAre tema banyuM ja nathI, (athavA tema banyuM hAya tApaNu tevuM sAbita karAvanAra krAI sikko hajI sudhI maLI Avyo nathI. eTalA mATe tevA sikko na maLe tyAM sudhI je hakIkata siddha thaI zake che teja mAnavI rahe che. ) tyAre upara pramANenA niyama baLavattara thatA jAya che ema mAnavuM ja rahyuM. eTale eka hakIkata have nizcita thaI ke maraNu 49 mAM gaNavuM ane rUdradAmananuM rAjya 49 thI 72 = 23 varSanuM gaNavuM. tuM (6) qA. AM. re, pu. 117 pAra. 3. Jayadaman bears the title of Kshatrap only =jadAmana mAtra kSatrapanA ja hoddo dharAve che. [ joke AgaLa jatAM pAchuM ATaluM nakkI karyAM pachI paNa vicAravAnuM rahe che ke, kSatraparvazane AdipurUSa caNu gaNAya ke tenA pitA RmeAtika ke anya kAi ? atyAra sudhI evI mAnyatA pravartI rahI che ke, nahupANathI ke kadAca tenI agAuthI te zaka cAlatA Avyo che; paNa tema banavA pAmyuM nathI te ApaNe siddha karI gayA chIe eTale tene prazna te vicAravA rahetA ja nathIH have caSNunA peAtAnA vicAra karI laie. tene AdipurUSa TharAvavAmAM paNa ghaNI muzkelIo Ave che; kemake jo lakhe che ke, on his coins Jayadarnan uses the title Swami, Lord, in addition to Raja and Kshatrap=peAtAnA sikkA upara rAjA, kSatrapa, uparAMta peAtA

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kartA tathA samaya tRtIya paricchedra ] tema TharAvAya teA tenA zakanA AraMbha tenA rAjyathI gaNA rahe. ane tenA rAjyanA aMta 49 mAM AvyAnuM ApaNe TharAvyuM che. te DisAme tenuM rAjya 1 thI 49 sudhI cAlyuM hatuM ema mAnavuM paDe. te sthiti mAnya thaI zake tema nathI; kemake tenAja vaMzamAM jo kAipaNa rAjAe vadhAremAM vadhAre rAjya bhAgavyuM heAya te aDhAramA rAjA rUdrasena trIjAe 30 varSa ane ceAthA rAjA dAnyadazrIe 28 varSa paryaMta rAjya karyuM che. eTale ke te samaye tenA rAjavaMzI emAM rAjakartA tarIkenI jIMdagI evA prakAranI banI gaI hatI ke gAdIpata tarIke bahu bahu to 300 35 varSa ja temanuM AyuSya TakI rahetuM hatuM. te pachI eka ja purUSane phALe 49 varSanuM rAjya te kALe lekhAya te hakIkata ekadama yuddhamAM utare tevI nathI lAgatI. uparAMta banne muddo e paNa vicAravA rahetA che ke, teNe ja jo Adi karI hAya te, te pote mahAkSatrapa ke rAjA pade AvyA pachI ja karI zake10 kemake te hAddAo svataMtratA sUcaka che. paraMtu ApaNane eTaluM te vidita thayeluM ja che ke (jue pR. 185) teNe kSatrapa tarIke paNa keTaleAka kALa pasAra karelA che ja. eTale tenA artha e thayA ke, teNe ekalAe mahAkSatrapa ane rAnta tarIke ja 49 varSI sattA bhAgavInidhi mATe jayadAmane svAmi zabda vAparela che. (vidvAna kevA TriarthAM lakhANa kare che tenuM A dRSTAMta che.) [mArUM TIppaNa--je sikkAne repsana sAhebe jayadAmananA kahyA che te jayadAmananA nathI lAgatA; kemake tenA akSaroja nathI uThayA. paNa temaNe anumAnathI mAtra besADI dIdhuM che. temAM nadInuM citra che. vaLI te sikkA mAtra brunAgaDha pradezamAMthI ja maLI Ave che, nahIM ke cAva Mti ke tenA adhikArIvALA anyapradezamAMthI; khInnu temAM kAMI ja cinha nathI paNa sUrya caMdra kAtarela che ane tethI ja te caNava zanA TharAvI dIdhA che. A kAraNane lIdhe te sikkAo meM jayadAmananA lekhyA nathI vaLI 'rAjA' zabda jayadAmane vAparyA che ke kema te mATe AgaLa rUdradAmananu' vRttAMta jIe...] paNa (7) ahIM, rAjA zabda khAsa muddAthI vAparyA che. te rA- svataMtratA sUcaka che, svataMtra banyA pahelAM anya pade game 187 hatI ane te uparAMta kSatrapa tarIke paNa amuka samaya gALyA che. A sthiti tA vaLI, uparamAM je 49 varSanuM tenuM rAjya laMbAyAnuM paNa kaThina TherAvAya che tenA karatAMye vizeSa kAna banAve che. eTale ema ja mAnavuM paDaze ke, tenA rAjyAraMbhathI tenA zakanI Adi thai nathI lAgatI. paraMtu tenI pUrve kAi bIjuM thayuM hAya tenA rAja amalathI thaI hAya. vaLI te mATe sauthI vizeSa AdhArabhUta anumAna jo bAMdhI zakAya te| tenA pitA meAtikathI te Adi thaI hAya ema gaNI zakAya. ane A pramANe banyuM hAya tA, e rAjA vacce 49 varSanuM rAjya laMbAyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM paDe. ane tema gaNavAmAM bilakula bAdhA jevuM lAgatuM nathI. ahIM AgaLa have ApaNe pUrve thayela anubhavane Azraya leve| paDaze. kSaharATa bhramaka peAte kSatrapa paNa tema paradezI paNa hatA. ( jue pu. 3 mAM tenuM vRttAMta) tevI ja rIte A rdhAmAtika ane caNu paNa kSatrapa tathA paradezI che. vaLI bhramaka ane tenA putra nahapANunAM dRSTAMtathI ApaNe jJAta chIe ke, te ane kSatrapapade hatA ane pachIthI mahAkSatrapapade caDayA hatA. vaLI temAMthI ema paNa sUcana maLatuM hatuM ke, temanA mAthe kAI anya saradAra hatA, ke jemanA prati tarIke teo peAtAne suprata karela prAMtA teTalAM varSAM gADhyA hAca paNa te hisAbamAM levAtA nathI, chatAM tenI uMmara te te pramANamAM vadhatIja jatI rahe che. kahevAnA tApa' e che ke jyAM, ekaluMja rAjA pada dhAraNa karAtuM heAya tyAM 49 varSI teA zuM, paNa tenAthI e vadhAre varSa sudhI amala bheAgavI rAkAyA che, paraMtu jyAM be traNa sthitimAMthI pasAra thayA bAda svataMtra rAjA tarIkenI sattA grahaNa karavI paDe che tyAM 49 varSI jeTalA lAMkhA kALa te pada bheAgavI zakavAnuM mAnya rahetuM nathI. (8) rAjakartA eTale svataMtra gAdIpati banyA pachInI, nahIM ke te pahelAM aneka her bhAgavI lIdhA hoya te sahitanI (sarakhAve| uparanI TI. naM. 7). (9) uparanI TIkA naM. 7 nA khyAla lAvavAthI A vAkayanI yathArthatA samajAze. (10) jue nIce TI, na. 11 ne lagatuM mULasthiti batAvatuM lakhAyuM.

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188 ca9Na zakanA [ navama khaMTha athavA pradeza upara hakumata calAvatA hatA. ane A daSametika ane thagNanI bAbatamAM paNa banyuM jyAM sudhI AvI parAdhIna sthitimAM teo dekhAya che. eTale ke, A ca9Na kSatrapanA vaMzanI hoya tyAMsudhI teo kSatrapa tarIke potAne svataMtra Adi gaNAI che te tenA pitA daSametike jyArathI zaka calAvI paNa na zake. temaja jo tevuM banavA sUbA tarIke kSatrapapada dhAraNa karyuM tyArathI, paraMtu pAme to temane saradAra, sAMkhI zake paNa nahIM. tene pragaTapaNe ketarAvIne jAherAta ApavAnI zarUbahumAM bahu te kSatrapa tarIke je karI zake te eTaluMja Ata to tenA putra caThaNeja karI hovAnuM samajAya ke, kAM potAnA saradArano je zaka cAlatuM hoya te che. ane te paNa jyAre pote mahAkSatrapa banavA calAvye rAkhe, athavA to te kSatrapa-sUbA tarIke pAmyo hato tyArabAdaja, nahIM ke te pahelAM. jyArathI lagAma hAthamAM lIdhI hoya tyArathI rAja AkhIe carcAne sAra e thayo ke, caThaNa vahAvaTamAM tenuM varSa nAdhavAnuM kara zake. eTale te kSatrapanA vaMzanI zarUAta tenA pitA daSamatikathI pramANe lakhAtA AMkano artha, jema pUrve aneka rAjA thaI gaNAya. paraMtu tenA saMvata-zakanI jAherAta karaparatve thatuM AvyuM che tema A kSetranI bAbatamAM nAra to teno putra caThThaNa mahAkSatrapaja gaNAya. paNa In so many regnal years=mArA rAjya eTale kenAthI A vaMzanI Adi thaI tathA kenAthI ATalAmAM varSe, evA bhAvArthamAM te zabda vaparAyo temanA zakanI Adi thaI te banne praznone phaDaco gaNuM paDe. (alabatta regnal zabda barAbara te je ke AvI gayo kahevAya, chatAM kaI sAlamAM te Adi nathI kAraNa ke te kSatrapa tarIke temano rAjyAbhiSeka thaI gaNAya te haju sAbita karavuM bAkI rahyuM che. karavAmAM AvatuM nathI. paraMtu rAjavahIvaTa grahaNa A ca%NunA ane kuzAnanA zAkane samaya ekaja karyAne ATalAM varSa thayAM tenI gaNatrI karavA pUrataja gaNAya che te ApaNe eka karatAM vadhAre vakhata te zabda lekhAya.) tAtparya e thayo ke, kSatrapa tarIke jaNAvI gayA chIe. vaLI A kAI pitAnA saMvatanI Adi karI zakatA nathIja. temanA zakanI zakane vidvAnoe uttara hiMdana paraMtu mahAkSatrapa tarIke karI zake kharA. ane te paNa Adino samaya zaka tarIke oLakhAvyo che tathA pitAne svataMtra vaMza11 sthApe tyAreja, te pahelAM te je zakane zAlivAhana zaka tarIke nahIM. eTale mAnavuM paDe che ke, jema bhUmakakSatrapanA sAmAnya rIte oLakhAvAya che tene dakSiNa hidane saMbaMdhamAM banyuM che ke, teNe sUbA-kSatrapa tarIke potAnI zAka kahevarAve che. banene A pramANe judA te pADe rAjakIya kArakIdI zarU karI hatI, tyArathI bhale tenA che. chatAMye te bannene prAraMbha I. sa. 78 mAMthI kSaharATa saMvatanI Adi gaNAI che kharI, chatAM teNe thayAnuM gaNAve che. ahIM to ApaNe uttara hiMdanA pragaTa rIte zilAlekhamAM sikkA Adi koI sthAne zaka sAtheja nisabata che eTale tene jyAM sudhI lAge pitAno svataMtra zaka ketarAvyAnuM pagaluM bharyuM nahotuM, vaLage che tyAMsudhInIja carcA karIzuM. bIjI rIte temaja tenA putra nahapANe paNa, kSatrapapade hatA tyAMsudhI AgaLa vadhIe te pahelAM, tenuM sthApana je i. sa. tenuM kArya karyuM nahotuM, paNa mahAkSatra55de AvyA 78mAM thayAnuM manAyuM che te bInA satya che ke kema pachIja zakI 2 cAlu karyo hato, tema ane tevI ja rIte te tapAsI laIe. (11) pitAne vaMza cAlyA AvatuM hoya daramyAna, (13) juo 5. 12 upara De. kIhenanA nAma vALuM koI vyakti je mahAkSatrapa padane prApta kare te te navo zaka avataraNa tathA pU. 97 upara Takelami. resananA matanuM TAMcaNa, pravartAvI na zake te hakIkata darzAvavA A sthiti jaNAvI che. (14) juo pR. 96 tathA zaka saMvatane lagatI (2) sarakhAvo uparanI TI, na, 8 AkhIe carcA.

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tIya pariccheda ] kartA tathA samaya 189 upara sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, A zakanI aMge zaraNAgata lekha te tenuM apamAna karyA jevuM Adi kSatrapa daSametikanA sattAkALathI thaI che eTale gaNI zakAze. to pachI prazna thAya che ke, zuM gardaje te zakane prAraMbha I. sa. 78 mAM thayAnuM svI- bhIlanI sattA sAcI ke ca9NanI sAcI ? uttara eTakArAya to tene artha ema thayo gaNAya ke kSatrapa leja ke, banne sattA avaMti upara te hatI ja ane SatikanA vahIvaTanI zarUAta I. sa. 78 mAMthI te satya paNa che ja, paraMtu cakaNane samaya je I. sa. thaI hatI ane caTTaNanA rAjakALane AMka 49 sudhI 78 mAM tenA zakano prAraMbhakALa lekhIne goThavyuM che laMbAya che; eTale 78+4=127 i. sa. mAM te te ja beTa che. A muddo jema ca9NanA samayanI paNa sattAzALI purUSa hatA. A banne vyaktine sattA gaNatrIthI asatya karAvI zakAya che tema te vaMzanA pradeza je vicArIzuM te siMdha, rAjaputAnA, saurASTra aMtima rAjAone samaya sAthe anya aitihAsika ane avaMtinA mulakeja dekhAya che. alabatta daSame- satyanI tulanAnI dRSTie paNa asatya TharAvI zakAya tema tikanI sattA mukhya aMze kyAM jAmavA pAmI hatI te che. A kSatrapa vaMzano aMta tenA bAvIsamA rAjA, viSaya ApaNe bahu caryo nathI, chatAM eTale sudhI svAmi rasiMha mahAkSatrapanA rAjya amale Avyo jaNAyuM che teTale daraje kahI zakAze ke tenI sattA che. A rAjAne samaya tenA sikkA upara ketarAyela rAjaputAnA ane siMdha upara te hatIja;15 ane AMka uparathI nakkI karIe to temanA zaka saMvata caSaNanI gAdI te avaMti khudamAMja hatI te nivirvAda 310 thI 314 sudhInA varSane kahI zakAze. A che. matalaba ke I. sa. 78 thI 127 sudhInA pacAsa saMkhyAmAM jyAM x nIzAnI che tyAM ka AMka hAI varSa sudhI A banne bApa ane dikarAnuM rAjya, zake te ghasAI gayela hovAthI, bhale nakkI paNe kahI uparanA pradeza upara hatuM ema karI zake che. jyAre zakAya tema nathI chatAM eTaluM to spaSTa ja che ke te ApaNe gardabhIla vaMzano itihAsa AlekhatAM te ema AMka 1 thI mAMDIne 9 sudhIneja hoI zake eTale sAbita karI gayA chIe ke A sarva kALa te sarva tene 311 thI 319 sudhI TharAvI zakAze. ApaNI pradeza upara temanI ja sattA hatI. eTaluM ja nahIM gaNatrImAM ja aMze paNa anizcitapaNAnuM tattva na paNa te sarva rAjAo mahA parAkramI ane keIthI rahI jAya te mATe vadhatAmAM vadhato teno samaya gATha paNa gAMjyA jAya tevA nahotA. ane vizeSamAM te toye 319 thI te vadhAre kahI zakAze nahIM ja ane temAMnA eke siMdha ane rAjaputAnA te zuM paNa te hisAbe 31978= i. sa. 397 Avaze. eTale tethI ye AgaLa vadhIne TheTha kAzmira sudhI potAnI teno artha ema thayuM ke, A caSThavaMzI rAjAone rAjasattA laMbAvI hatI ke jenI noMdha rAjataraMgiNi- amala avaMti upara I. sa. 397 sudhI cAlyo kAra jevAne paNa levI paDI che. te zuM ema dhAravuM Avato hato. jyAre itihAsa to ApaNane sApha ke avaMti upara gardabhIla vaMzanI tathA caNa vaMzanI sAka zabdomAM ane bherI nA jAhera karI rahyo che ema benI sattA ekI samaye cAlatI hatI? tema ke, guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta pahelAe avaMtine to eka kALe eka pradeza upara be rAjavaMzanI hakamata pradeza i. sa. 319 mAM jItI laI tyAM potAnI hovAnuM kadApI banI zakyuM nathI ane banavAnuM paNa gAdI karI hatI. vaLI tenI khuzAlImAM potAnA vaMzane nathI. sivAya ke te bemAMthI eka sattA, bIjI sattA gupta nAme saMvatsara pracalita karyo hato ane tenI nI tAbedAra-AjJAdhAraka hoya. paraMtu prastuta be pAchaLa tenA vaMzajoe TheTha I. sa. 400 vaTAvI vaMzamAMthI koIne eka bIjAne khaMDiye ke uicita gayA bAda paNa tyAM hakumata bhegathe rAkhI che. te (15) jue kaniSa pahelAnuM vRttAMta tathA pa. 55 nI hakIkata,

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caNa zakanA [ navama khaMDa zuM, gupta vaMzanI sattA avaMti upara hevAnuM mAnavuM Cent. A. D. So Kanishka could never ke caNDaNavaMzanI sattA hovAnuM? ahIM paNa uparamAM have founded the Saka Era=kuzAnoe jevI gardabhIlavaMzanI sattA saMbaMdhI praznottarI ubhI I. sa. 60mAM takSilA jItyuM hatuM ( temane tAtparya thavA pAmI hatI tevI ja pAchI AvIne khaDI thaI kaDaphasIjha pahelAe jItI lIdhuM hatuM ema kahevAno jAya che. aMte TharAvavuM paDe che ke 78 nI gaNatrIja thAya che ane kaniSkanuM rAjya, i. sa. nI bIjI A sarve muzkelInAM kAraNarUpa che. A pramANe 78 sadInA pUrvAddhamAM thayuM hovuM joIe. tethI karIne nI gaNatrI anyathA TharAvavAthIja kAMI ApaNuM kArya kanaSka zaka saMvata sthApyAnuM kadI bane ja nahIM. eTale patI jatuM nathI. paraMtu tene khare ukela zodhI ke temanA matathI I. sa. 60nA arasAmAM kaDakasIjha kADhavo haju bAkI rahyoja gaNAya. pahelAe takSilA jItyuM hatuM, te bAda thoDAka varSe A mATe anya aitihAsika ghaTanAono ApaNe kaDaphasIjha bIjo gAdIe Avyo che. teNe 32 varSa rAjya Azraya le jarUrI che. mi. vinsenTa smitha potAne karyuM che te bAda I. sa. 150nA arasAmAM kaniSkanuM mata jAhera karatAM lakhe che ke, 16 The substan- gAdIe AvavuM thayuM che, ane tenAthI zakasaMvata cAlate tial controversy is between the sch, thayo che. eTale te gaNatrIe temane mata I. sa. 100 olars, who place the accession of 1940 UHI 21391 241261 1 819101 43 Kanishka in A. D. 78 and those who che. A pramANe aMdAjI sAlanI kAMIka hada bAMdhI date it later in about A. D. 120-saMgIna lIdhA pachI te AMkane je cokkasapaNe goThavI zakAte. rakajhaka to be pakSI vidvAno vacce ja che, ke jemAMno hoya te te aMge prayatna karI joIe. te mATe ca9NavaMzI eka pakSa kaniSkano rAjyAbhiSeka i. sa. 78mAM rAjAonI* vaMzAvaLI (pAna 191)nI madada levI gaNAve che ane bIjo pakSa tene jarA AgaLa laMbA- jaIze. te upara najara pheravatAM jaNAya che ke 14 vIne i. sa. 120nI AsapAsamAM gaNAve che. eTale rAjA bhartIdAmana thayo che. tenuM rAjya 201-217= ke temanA mata pramANe I. sa. 78 thI 120 sudhImAM 16 varSa cAlyuM che. pachI meTa gALe paDo dekhAya kaniSkane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo hovo joIe. ane che, te bAda vaLI svAmibirUda dharAvatA rAjAo jyAre kaniSkanA rAjyAbhiSekathI tenA saMvatano prAraMbha AvyA dekhAya che. A svAmi birUddhAraka bAhagaNAvAyo hevAnuM tathA ceSThaNa saMvata paNa kaniSkanA daSTie cappaNanA vaMzanAja heya evuM jaNAya che saMvata samayathI ja zarU thayo hovAnuM ApaNe kabUlyuM paNa te banne vacce zuM sagapaNa asti dharAvatuM che tyAre teno artha paNa emaja thayo ke, caSmaNanA haze te haju sudhI pAke pAye jaNAyuM nathI ja (De. zakanI Adi paNa i. sa. 78 thI 120 sudhImAMja bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIne mata ema che ke te tenI eka thaI hovI joIe. sara jona mArazala sAhebane mata zAkhAja che.) paNa eTaluM te spaSTa che ja ke, te caudamA paNa teja kathanane puSTikAraka hoya ema jaNAya che. bhartIdAmana ane paMdaramA svAmI rUdrasiMha trIjAnA temanuM kahevuM ema che ke, 1 Kushanas obtain- AraMbha sudhInA (217 thI 270 sudhInA) 53 ed Taxilla in 60 A.D. and Kanisalsa varSamAM badhu aMdhakAraja dekhAya che. bhale te arasAmAM must have ruled in Ust half of 2nd traNa cAra nAma apAyAM che. paraMtu te keinA sAme | (16) jIo a. hi. I. 4 thI AvRtti pR. 272 nuM TIpaNu tathA ja, AM.hi. rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga pahelo pR.62. (1) jIo ja, A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga pahele pR. 62. (18) svAmi zabda kayAre vaparAya che te mATe nIcenI TIka naM. 19 jue.

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- - - - - tRtIya paricheda ] kartA tathA samaya AMka bharavAmAM Avyo nathI, temaja temanA sikkAmAM zakAya che ke A 53 varSanA gALAmAM cahnaNavaMzIonI "kSatrapa" zabdaja batAvAya che eTale anumAna karI svataMtratA mahAkSatrapa tarIke harAI gaI hovI joIe. " * ke. A. re. prastAvanA mR. 153 uparathI udhRta karela che. (AMka temanA zakanuM varSa batAve che) metika (1) ca9Na jayadAmana (2) rUdradamana pahele (3) dAmajadazrI (5) rUdrasiha pahele | 103-10 || 113-19 satyadAmana (4) jIvadAmana (6) rUdrasena pahele (7) saMdhadAmana * 100 122-44 144-45 119-20 | (8) dAmasena 145-58 pRthvIna dAmajadazrI bIje Izvaradatta pR. 3. pR. 387 thI AgaLa vIradAmana (9) cazadAmana (10) vijayasena (11) dAmajadRzrI vI. 161 162-72 1726 (12) rUdrasena bIje 178-96 (13) vizvasiha (14) bhadAmajI 199-201 201-17 vizvasena (216-29) savAbhi chavAmana rUdrAsaMha bIje (22-234) svAmi rUdradAmana bIjA caze dAmana bIje (15) svAmI rUkasena trIje (239-54) ra70-300 putrI svAmi siMhasena svAmi satyasiMha 304-310 svAmi phikasena cothe svAmiM rUddhasiMha trIjo 310-31 * A be jaNanA sikakA maLatA nathI. () mahAkSatrapa padadhArI nathI. jeo mahAkSatrapa pada ke svAmIpada dhAraka che temanA AMka sa vinAnA rAkhyA che.

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. 12 caSaNa zAkanA [ navama khaMDa ke A hakIkata sAthe guptavaMzI samrATano ItihAsa saMvatsara calAvyo naheja; ane e paNa siddha tapAsIzuM te turata sarakhAmaNI thaI jaze, ke temaNe thayelI ja bInA che ke, eka pradeza upara eka samaye I. sa. 319 mAM avaMti upara Adhipatya meLavyuM che eka ja sattAno adhikAra hoI zake. eTale A be ane potAnI sattA tyAM jamAvI che tathA samrATa pada vaMzane sparzatA, banAve ne ekatrita karIe te ema jAhera karyuM che. jyAre upara te ema jaNAvAyuM che ke, phalitArtha nIpaje che ke, I. sa. 319mAM jyAre caMNa zaka 217mAM bhadAmananA rAjya amalanA caMdragupta pahelAe gupta saMvatanI sthApanA avaMtimAM aMtathI mAMDIne svAmI rUdrasiMha trIjAnA rAjyAraMbha karI, tyAre caSThaNuvaMzI rAjA bhartudAmana avaMtipati sudhInA 53 varSa sudhI, A caThaNuvaMzI rAjAonA tarIke hato ane temanA zakanuM varSa 217 nuM cAlatuM jIvana ane sattA bAbatamAM taddana aMdhakAramayaja che. hatuM tathA tenA upara jIta meLavIne ja caMdragupta avaMtine teo kSatrapa tarIke ja potAnuM jIvana gujArI rahyA hatA; kabajo meLavyo hato. eTale A bane banAvaLI kSatrapa padano artha ApaNe have samajatA thaI ponI sAlane sarakhAvI jovAthI ema siddha thayuM kahI gayA chIe ke temanA mAthe koI vizeSa sattAzALI zakAze ke, I. sa. 719 nI sAla te ja caThaNa zaka vyakti hoya cheja. temaja ApaNI jANamAM che ke, 217 hatA; te hisAbe 319 mAMthI 217 bAda jatAM bhadAmana sudhInA rAjavIo pitAne mahAkSatrapa tarIke i. sa. 102=zaka saM. 0 Avaze; athavA tene uthaoLakhAvatA hatA, jyAre A 50 varSanA gALAmAM lAvIne je lakhavAnuM hoya te zaka saMvata 1 = je traNa cAra thavA pAmyA che temaNe te ucca Asana I. sa. 103 Avaze. dharAvatA mahAkSatrapa padane tyAga karIne laghupadavALA have ApaNI pAse traNa prakAranI sthiti AvI kSatrapanA hoddAne 18svIkArI lIdhe dekhAya che. vaLI paDI che. eka pR. 188 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe ca%Na te bAda pAcho rUddhasiMhe pitAne svAmi tarIke jAhera zakano AraMbha I. sa. 78 mAM zarU thayAnuM je manAyuM karyo che. A temanI uccapadamAMthI ladhupadamAM mUkAyAnI che te vAstavika nathI, bIjuM cakkaNuM zakanA AraMbhanI sthiti, zuM ApaNane vicAra karavAne preratI nathI ? aMdAja sAla mR. 189 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe I. sa. ke evA ya banAyo upasthita thayA hovA joIe? 100 thI 150 sudhImAM hovI joIe ane trIjI ke jene lIdhe temane te sthitimAM haDaselI dIdhA hevI sthiti ema jAhera kare che ke, zaka saMvata 1 = I. sa. joIe ? ane eTaluM te ApaNe jANIe ja chIe 103 che. A traNe vastusthitine samanvaya karIzuM * cazmaNavazI rAjAo paNa atipatija hatA ane te ema nirNaya upara AvavuM raheze ke caThaNuM zakane guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta paNa avaMtipati tarIke ja je AraMbha I. sa. 102 bAda thayo che te satya ja che. e sAru nAmanA meLavIne potAno guptasaMvatsara pracalita karyo eTale zaka saMvata 1 nA samayane I. sa. 100 nI hato. eTale ke jyAM sudhI avaMti temanA hastamAM AvyuM ja sAla gaNavI tathA tene vAstavika rIte pratipAdana nahotuM tyAM sudhI tenA pUrvajo bhale anya pradeza upara karelI ane siddha thayelI hakIkata tarIke svIkAravI. rAjya calAvye jatA hatA, paraMtu temAMnA keIe pitAne have e carcAno cheDo AvI ga gaNAze. sAra e (19) A svAmipadane adhikAra lagabhaga kSatrapa jevo emAM te zabda tyArathI vaparAto thayo che ke, jyArathI temanI ja thAya che; alabata gheDa phera che te eTalo ja ke, kSatrapane sattAmAM avaMtinI gAdI nahatI, chatAM anya pradeza upara mAthe bIje saradAra hoya che jyAre svAmine mAthe saradAra temanuM svAmitva cAlu te hatuM ja; eTale ke pote kSatrapa ke nathI hotA. jo ke pote nAne sattAdhArI rAja che, paNa mahA mahAkSatrapa nathI te batAvavA A bIjI padavI meDavI dIdhI kSatrapanA padathI to te nA ja adhikArI che. ca4NuvaMzI rAja- hoya ema samajAya che,

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tRtIya paricheda ] kartA tathA samaya 193 nIkaLyo ke, cakkaNavaMzanI Adi daSamotika kSatrapathI che eTale tene pharIne ullekha karavA jarUra nathI. thaI che, paraMtu tenA zakane prAraMbha te mahAkSatrapa atra te tenA rAjadvArI jIvanane aMge je hakIkata caThaNeja karyo che ane teno samaya jyArathI jaNAvAI na hoya tene ja AlekhavI rahe che. motika sattA upara Avyo te I. sa. 103 nI tene rAjadvArI jIvananuM maMDANa jyArathI te sAlathI ja gaNAya che. kaniSka pahelA saradAra-kSatrapa nImAyo tyArathI zarU ApaNI TharAvelI maryAdA to I. sa. 100 sudhInI thAya che. tene samaya je kaniSka gAdIe beThA tyArache, paraMtu A dhametikanA sattAkALanI Adija I. thI ja gaNavo hoya te I. sa. 13no gaNAze. paraMtu sa. 17 mAMthI zarU thAya che eTale ApaNe tenuM eka rAjA je gAdIe Ave temaja tenA rAjyanA jarA paNa varNana karavAne avakAza meLavavo joIta vibhAga pADI, vaheMcaNI karIne, tevA pratyeka vibha nahato. chatAM je kaTalIka gerasamajuti pravartatI upara hAkema nImI dIdhAnI bInAne svIkArI na mArI najare paDI che, te upara je meM mArA vicAra levAtI hoya te, teNe eka be varSamAM te pramANe sthiti jaNAvI rAkhyA hoya to te saMbaMdhamAM saMzodhako nIpajAvI hatI ema paNa kabUlI zakAze. eTale te vizeSa tapAsa calAve ane hiMdI ItihAsane ThAkaDIka hisAbe eka be varSane umero karIne ApaNe I. sa. banAve tevI dhAraNAthI, jema kazAna vaMzanA rAjA 105-6mAM tene samaya kahIe teAye nathIja; kaniSka pahelAthI mAMDIne te vaMzanA aMta sudhI thoDuM chatAM sikkA vigere je sAdhane ApaNane maLI Ave dhaNuM TakamAM khyAna ApI dIdhuM che teja pramANe A che ane je uparathI A samayanI tArIkho goThavI zaka' caSmaNa vaMzamAM paNa rUdradAmana nAme avaMtipati thayo vAnI sthitimAM ApaNe chIe, te hakIkatanI rajuAta tyAMsudhInuM tene darekanuM varNana ApavAnuM yogya lAgyuM te ApaNe AgaLanAM pRSThomAM karI cUkyA chIe che. vaLI A rUdradAmananA rAjyakALanA aMtane, aMtima ane te pramANe tene samaya i. sa. 103noja nirmANa hada tarIke pasaMda karavAnAM. eka be kAraNe maLyAM che. karI vALe che; eTale tene ja kharA tarIke hAla paheluM e ke saurASTra dezanI aMdara jAnAgaDha zaheranI to lekhIzuM. pAse Avela giranAranI taLeTImAM je zilAlekha rAjA kaniSkanA vRttAMte jaNAvAyuM che ke, teNe samrATa priyadarzine kotarAvI rAkhela che ane jenI siMdha taraphanA bhAga upara, potAnA rAjayanuM agIAramuM sAthe bIjo eka zilAlekha che jene vidvAno sudarzana varSa cAlatuM hatuM tyAre syu nAmanA gAme dhArmika taLAvanA rUdradamananA zilAlekha tarIke oLakhAvI sthAna baMdhAvyuM hatuM. matalaba ke te taraphano bhAga tenI rahela che te saMbaMdhamAM keTalIka navIna hakIkata rajI ANamAM hato. vaLI ema paNa kahI gayA chIe ke karavA jevI mArA mata pramANe dekhAI che. tathA bIjuM hiMdanI bahAra jaIne laDavAne jyAre samaya najIka kAraNa e che ke, teja zilAlekhane AdhAre AMdhrapati Avyo hato tyAre teNe pitAnA rAjyanA eka bhAga rAjAonI bAbatamAM paNa kAMIka judI ja mAhitI upara potAnA yuvarAja viSkane tathA bIjA eka bhAga umerAtI dekhAya che. ATaluM jaNAvI ca9NavaMzanA upara bIjA putra haviSkane nImyo hato. jyAre Ai rAjakartA daSamotikanuM varNana lakhIza, rAjaputAnA ane siMdha vALo je pradeza pitAnI (1) motika hakumatamAM hato te A daSamotikane suprata karavAmAM tenI jAti vize. tenA vatana vize vi. aneka Avyo hato. eTale je rItie na saradAra chUTIchavAI vigata prasaMgopAta lakhavAmAM AvI gaI minenTare pitAnA kSatrapa bhUmakane vahIvaTa karavAne (20) AvAM dAMte AgaLa paNa banyA che te mATe juo pu. 3 pR. 378 TI. naM. 24 25 *

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caNanAM birUda | [ navama khaMDa teja pramANe A paradezI rAjA kaniSka paNa pitAnI amalamAM kema ubhA thavA pAmyA hatA te have taraphathI saradAra daSametikane mUkayo hato. ane potAne ApaNe jaNAvIzuM. tAbe paNa teTaleja mulaka atyAre hovAthI te sarva te nokarImAM joDAyo tyAre bharayuvAnImAM eTale bhAganI soMpaNI tene karavAmAM AvI hatI jethI kadAca trIseka varSanI uMmarane ke pAMceka varSa mATe paNa 6Samatikane paNa bhUmakanI peThe madhya dezane adhipati haze. paNa aNudhaDa jevI sthitimAM ane mAdhyamikA nagarIne gAdIpati kahevAmAM vAMdhA birUdanI prApti hato eTale anubhava ane jevuM nathI lAgatuM. tene te mAtra rAjavahIvaTa vize nipuNatA meLavI na le tyAM sudhI calAvavAne hato eTale, koI pradeza upara svataMtra AgaLa vadhavAnuM ane dIpI rIte caDAI karavAnuM ke mulakamAM vadhArA karavAnuM hatuM ja nIkaLavAno avasara tene maLe tema nahotuM. jethI nahIM; jethI maraNaparyata tene te sthitimAM ja teNe i. sa. 126mAM kaniSkanuM maraNu nIpajayuM tyAsudhI sarvakALa nirgamane karyo hato. tema vaLI je saMgamAM ba9. rAjA viSkanuM maraNa I. sa. 13mAM thayuM tenuM maraNa rAjA kaniSkanA samaya daramyAna thavA tyAM sudhI tene kSatrapa pade rahIne ja badhA divase pAmyuM hatuM. tathA jene aMdAjI samaya I. sa. vitADavA paDayA hovAnuM dekhAya che. A samaye tenuM 115-17 ApaNe TharAvIe tema che; vaLI jenuM rAjakIya jIvana lagabhaga paMdara varSa uparanuM thaI gayuM vRttAMta AgaLa jaNAvavAnuM che te AdhAre kahI zakAze hatuM. eTale anubhavI paNa thaI gayo hato tema umarane ke tenA maraNa bAda tenI gAdI tenA putra caSaNane lIdhe Tharela svabhAvano banI makkama pagaluM bharavA jevI sepavAmAM AvI che. eTale tyArathI ja ca9Nane kSatrapa AvaData paNa keLavI lIdhI hatI. jethI i. sa. 172mAM kahevAvA mAMDayo che. vAjhekkanA maraNa samaye kaniSka bIjAnI sagIra | daSametikanI rAjakIya aMdagI kSatrapa tarIke avasthAne lIdhe jyAre vike pite eka rIjaTa AraMbhAI che, ane kSatrapa tarIke ja samApta thaI che. tarIke kArya karavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapyuM tyAre tenI potAnI vaLI kSatrapa tarIkenA adhikAramAM 21 svataMtra rIte uMmara AdheDanI hada kudAvIne vRddhapaNAmAM praveza thaI sikAo paDAvI zakatA nathI eTale tenA nAmanA sikkA cI hatI. tene lIdhe tathA AkhAye sAmrAjya upara te kayAMthI ja mAlama paDe? paraMtu kaMI prakAre dAna pite eka saMpUrNa najara rAkhI nahIM zake tevuM lAgyuM Adi karavAno paNa tene prasaMga lAgyo nahi hoya. tyAre sAmrAjyanA eka khUNAe paDela paNa ati eTale tenA haste kaI zilAlekha katarAvAyAnuM paNa mahatva gaNAya tevA A madhyadezanA prAMta upara hakumata haju sudhI jaNAyuM nathI. A pramANe tenuM nAma te bhogavI rahela kSatrapa ca9Nane kAMIka vizeSa sattA ApI itihAsamAM mAtra noMdha levA pUratuM ja jaLavAI raheluM baLavAna banAvavAnuM teNe vicAryuM. pariNAme kSatrapa gaNavAnuM rahe che. cakaNane mahAkSatrapa banavavAmAM AvyA hatA. A pada teNe kaniSka bIjAnA sagIrapaNAnA agiyAra varSanA tenA pitAnI peThe, rAjasattA hAthamAM lIdhI te AkhA kALa daramyAne bhogavyuM hatuM. te avasare teNe vakhate te te mAtra kSatrapa ja hato, paNa pAchaLathI tene evuM saMteSakAraka kAma karyuM hovuM joIe ke jethI te mahAkSatrapa pade caDAvavAmAM Avyo hato ane svabaLe rAjyanA kRpApAtra banyA hoya tathA rAjA kaniSka khuza te rAjA banI beThe hato. A banane prasaMge tenA thaIne koI divasa potAnI tAbedArane na apAya tevuM (21) kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa i. nA zuM zuM adhikAra hoI ApI gayA chIe. uparAMta vizeSa je kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM zake tene kAMIka khyAla pu. 3 mAM pU. 164 thI 72 mAM che te AgaLa upara A khaMDamAM ja varNavavAmAM Avaze.

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- - - - - - - tRtIya paricacheda ] nI prApti vize pitAnI pAse besADIne mUrti kotarAvyAnuM mAna mahA- sikkA paDAvyA che? te A ca%Na paNa mahAkSatrapa kSatrapa cakaNane ApyuM hoya. mATa mUkAmethI je mUrti heine zA mATe te pramANe na karI zake ? uttara eTale ja rAjA kaniSkanI sAthe caThaNanI maLI AvI che, te che ke, nahapAnuM mahAkSatrapa pada, ApoApa maLela upara pramANenI kRpAdRSTinuM ja pariNAma samajavuM. A hatuM eTale ke pite bhUmakane yuvarAja hatA tyAre banAvane samaya rAjA kaniSkanI sagIra avasthA pUrI kSatrapa hatuM, ane tenA maraNa bAda svayaM pitAne thavA AvI hatI tenI lagabhagano paNa kahI zakAya adhikAranI rUIe mahAkSatrapa banavA pAmyo hata; athavA pite i. sa. 143mAM rAjyArUDha banI svataMtra jyAre cappaNa, koI rAjAno yuvarAje nahote kArabhAra karavA mAMDayo tenI zarUAtane paNa gaNAya. mahAkSatranA adhikArapade paNa pahoMcyo nahoto. teTalA paraMtu rAja taraphathI pitAnA koI lAyaka rAjanekaranI mATe caThaNanA sikkA mahAkSatrapa pada24 yukta dekhAtA kadara karavAnI prathAne vicAra karIe chIe tyAre nathI. chatAM jyAre teNe rAjA' pada grahaNa karyuM che ema kahevuM paDaze ke, rAjAe potAnA rAjyAbhiSekanI ane tyAra pachI je sikkA paDAvyA che temAM teNe "rAjA khuzAlImAM ja ane pitAnA vAvRddha kAkAnI khAsa mahAkSatrapa caThaNa" evA zabdo lakhAvyA che; nahIM ke bhalAmaNathI ja te pagaluM bharyuM hovuM joIe. matalaba ke ekalA "mahAkSatrapa caThaNuM". matalaba ke mahAkSatrapa i. sa. 147mAM 22 mahAkSatrapa cakraNane vizeSa adhikAre zabda teNe rAjya taraphathI maLela mAtra eka navAjeza caDAvavAmAM Avyo hato ane tyArathI tene eka svataMtra tarIke gaNI lIdhI che. jyAre tenA vaMzajoe je rAjapati tarIke pitAnI sarva kAbeliyata ane kauzalya mahAkSatrapa pada pitAnI sAthe joDayuM che ke, rAjya batAvavA chUTo mUkI devAmAM Avyo hato. have samajAze ke, taraphathI maLela eka navAjeza ke bheTa tarIke nahIM, caNaNa jyAM sudhI kSatrapapade hatuM tyAMsudhI tene paNa tenA paNa jema nahapANe pote, yuvarAja tarIke pitAne te pitAnI peThe kaI zilAlekha ke sikkA pitAnA nAme haido maLe che evuM samajIne eka svataMtra rAjakuTuMbanA ketarAvavAno adhikAra nahato. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa nabIrA tarIke te pada grahaNa karyuM che, tema caSmaNanA mahAkSatrapa pade daza agiyAra varSane kALa vyatIta ryo vaMzajoe paNa mahAkSatrapa padanuM grahaNa karyAnuM samajavuM. A hovA chatAMye, teNe sikkA paDAvyA nathI ja; kemake bhale pramANe caThaNe meLavela mahAkSatrapa padane ane tenA te pada moTuM hatuM chatAM AkharIe te tAbedAra to vaMzajoe pitA sAthe joDela mahAkSatrapa pada vacce kharAja ne ?23 vaLI sikkA paDAvavA te vastu evI che taphAvata samajI levo; temaja kANu sikkA paDAvI zake ke mAtra je svataMtra gAdIpati hoya teja te kArya karI ane kaNa na paDAvI zake te paNa have samajI zakAze. zake che. koI prazna karaze ke, mahAkSatrapa nahapANe kema jyAre zilAlekha te mukhya aMze dAna karyAnI jAherAta (22) A sAla kaniSka bIjAnA rAjayAbhiSeka aMgane na le ane sAMkhI zake paNa nahIM. (2) tema cappaNuM lagatI gaNatrIthI lakhAI che. paNa pAchaLathI saMzodhana karatAM, mahAkSatrapane pitAne paNa sikkA paDAvavAnuM te vakhate hINukaniSkanA rAjyAbhiSekanI sAla paNa ekAda be varasa AgaLa pata jevuM lAgata; kemake je teNe sikkA paDAvyA hatA te laI javI paDe tema che, eTale caThaNane lagatI sAla paNa paNa tenA upara AMka te, pitAnA uparIone ja lakha. khaseDIne I. sa. 141-2 mAM laI javI paDe tema paData, kAraNa ke tene pitAne zaka te haja nahIM, ane lAgyuM che. pote mahAkSatrapa hovA chatAM uparIne zaka vApare che, anya (23) chatAM dhAro ke, bIjA mahAkSatrapa (nahepaNe jema mahAkSatranI dRSTie pite pitAne ja halakA darajaje utArI paDAvyA che tema)nI peThe teNe sikkA paDAvyA hatA te be prakAranI nAMkhyAnuM gaNAya. eTale "sabase baDI cUpane nyAya mArga kalI paData (1) tenA mukuTamANI jevA kuzAnapatio te ja teNe lIdhe gaNAya ane te ja uttama kahevAya. rIta calAvI leta ke kema te prazna che. balake calAvI paNa (24) jIo uparanI TIkA 23.

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caSaNane [ navama khaMDa rUpe ja hovAthI te te game te mANasa-pachI adhikAra pakSapAtapaNAne lIdhe hilacAla karavAthI pote alaga yukta hoya yA na hoya teye-paNa karAvI zake che. rahI gayo hoya. game tema, paNa mahAkSatrapa caThaNane paraMtu temAM phera eTalo kharo ke je dAnapatra rAjya avaMtinI jItathI moTA pradezanuM svAmitva maLI gayuM. taraphathI ja-vyakti tarIke nahIM-arpaNa karAyuM hoya che eTale pite have I. sa. 147 mAM potAnA mAlika evA te rAjakartAe pitAnA sattAkALa daramyAna ja karAyeluM kuzanavaMzI samrATathI paNuM, meTA vistArane svAmi hatuM ema samajI levuM rahe che. A samaye hiMdamAM thaI paDayo. eTale jema nahapANe avaMtinI gAdI mAtra cAra sattAnuM rAjya cAlI rahyuM hatuM. uttara maLavAthI "rAjA" pada dhAraNa karIne pitAnA nAmanA hiMdamAM (paMjAba, kAzimara ane yuktaprata tathA pUrvanA sikkA paDAvyA hatA, tema caSThaNa mahAkSatrape paNa bhAga upara) kuzanavaMzInuM, pazcimamAM (siMdha ane pitAne "rAjA" tarIke jAhera karI sikkA paDAvyA, rAjaputAnA upara) mahAkSatrapa caNDaNanuM, madhyahiMdamAM tathA potAnA vaMzane svataMtra zaka cAlo karI dIdhA. (avaMti, saurASTra, kaccha, gujarAta, ane vidhyAcaLanI A pachI pote ekAda varSa sudhI taddana ArAma lIdhe uttaramAM) gaIbhIlavaMzIne tathA vidhyAnI dakSiNamAM ane 145mAM AMdhrapati tarapha najara pheravI. tyAM te AMdhrapationuM A pramANe cAra sattA rAjaya karatI caDAI laI gaye. AMdhrapati hArI javAthI paiThaNamAMthI patharAI rahI hatI. tevAmAM upara varNavyA pramANe rAjagAdI khAlI karI pAcho haThIne potAnA rAjyanA cakkaNu mahAkSatrapane tAbedArInI guMsarImAMthI mukti dakSiNanA bhAgamAM tuMgabhadrA nadInA kAMThe vijayanagaramAM maLI; jethI tene potAnuM zaurya ajamAvavAnuM ane gAdI laI gaye, tyAM tenA vaMzavALAe paNa sadIka bhAgyanuM mApa kADhI levAnuM sUjhayuM. temAM sauthI najIkanA sudhI rAja calAvyuM che ane pachI khatama thaI gayo pADozI tarIke te avaMtipatinuM ja rAjya hatuM. tyAM che. A bAju rAjA caDaeNNe avaMtimAM pAchA AvI A samaye (juo pu. 3mAM pR. 406nI pAchaLa nivRtti sevavA mAMDI hatI kAraNa ke tene have vizeSa la koTha) tejasvI rAjAo nahotA eTale caNe bhUmi meLavavA jevuM rahyuM ja nahotuM. nivRttimAM ane ati upara hallo laI jaI eka doDha ke be varSanI zAMtipUrvaka vahIvaTa calAvI aMte I. sa. 15ramAM eTale laDAImAM te meLavI lIdhuM. avaMtipatinI nabaLAIno cahnaNasaMvata 49 lagabhagamAM te maraNa pAmyA hatA. A lAbha jema cahna lIdho tema kazAnavaMzI kaniSka levA pramANe teNe meLavelAM birUdene itihAsa jANu. dhAryo hota to te laI zakataH kemake, tene dareka rIte uparanA pArigrAphamAM ja teno badhA citAra ApI . phAvatuM hatuM. vaLI caSThaNa karatAM pote vadhAre sattAzALI devAyo che eTale tenuM punarAvartana karavAnI AvazyakatA tathA sAdhana sAmagrIthI pahoMcatA hatA chatAMye teNe rahetI nathI. paraMtu TUMkamAM tene jarA hilacAla AdarI nathI. temAM kAM te vadhAre rAjya vistAra khyAla AvI zake mATe jaNAmulaka jItI, nAhaka upAdhI zAmATe vadhAravI? tevI vavAnuM ke, atyAre jene madrAsa nirapekSavRtti kAraNarUpa hoya athavA te, potAnA ja liAke, temaja jene baMgALa, bihAra, orissA, sAgrIta gaNAtA cavhaNane tyAM kAma karate joIne saMyukta prAMte, tathA paMjAba-kAzimara kahe che te (25) avaMti upara jIta meLavyAnI tArIkha atra meM teja pustakamAM pR. 405 upara caDela kekAmAM te I. sa. 143 jaNAvI che. jyAre pu. 3 pR.146 nI sAme samaya sudhArI lIdhuM che ane te ja pramANe ahIM pAchA caDela kAThAmAM I. sa. 78 lakhela che. te vakhate vizeSa jaNAvyA che. rodha karavA jevo samaya nahoto eTale te keTAmAM ... (26) avaMtinI mahatvatA kevI gaNAtI hatI te mATe TIpaNu karela che. paraMtu pAchaLathI pAke nirNaya thaI jatAM, juo 5.3 5. 194 ane AgaLanI hakIkata,.

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tRtIya paricada ] rAjya vistAra 197 sivAyanA sarva hiMdustAna upara tene rAjadaMDa pharato kayo haze? te saMbaMdhI jarA vivecana karavA jevuM thaI gayo hato. AvaDA moTA vistAra upara cakkaNe dekhAya che. svAmitva meLavyA bAbatanuM varNana atra te, tenA saMjogono vicAra karatAM prazna e thAya che ke, te birUda prAptinA itihAsa rUpe raju karAyuM che. jo ke te koI mUrti aSThaNanI che te kharI, paNa kSatrapa tarIkenI che zilAlekhanA AdhAre jaNAvAyuM nathI. chatAM sadabhAgya ke mahAkSatrapa tarIkenI. te nakkI thAya che tenI sAla atyAre pracalita mAnyatA pramANe ja tene rAjya nakkI karavAnI saraLatA thaI jAya. kAraNa ke pUrve vistAra hovAnuM AvIne ubhuM rahe che. A pracalita jyAre eka kaniSka ja hovAnuM manAtuM AvyuM hatuM mAnyatA sudarzana taLAvanI eka prazasti, jene caThaNanA tyAre to mArga saraLa paNa hatA, paraMtu have patra rUdradAmane meLavela dezavijayanI nedha tarIke te be kaniSka thayela hovAnuM tathA bane kaniSkanI lekhI che teno AdhAra laIne goThavAI che. eTale vacce lagabhaga 25 varSa jeTale gALe paDI gayAnuM vAcaka mahAzaye ema samajI levuM nahIM ke te rUdradAmananI sAbita thai cUkayuM che, uparAMta temanA zakanA yazagAthA gAtI hakIkata sAthe huM saMmata chuM. ulaTuM AraMbhakALa paNa pacIsa varSa moDe laI javAya che. mArI samaja pramANe te A AkhI prazastimAM ghaNI AvI rIte be traNa prakArano sudhAro thaI gaela ghaNI jAtanI gerasamajUti thavA pAmI che. pariNAme hovAthI te mUrti kSatrapanI che ke mahAkSatrapanI, te muddo aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAo pheravavI paDe tema che. te nakkI karavAnI AvazyakatA vizeSapaNe pragaTa thAya sarvanuM varNana rUdradAmananA vRttAMte jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. che. temAM vaLI te lekhake eka vakhata 28 jaNAvyuM rAjya vistAranI daSTie vicAratAM, tenA AkhAye che ke "The statues of Kanishka and vazamAM tene naMbara prathama Ave che, ane bIjo naMbara Chasthana being found together, tenA pitra rUdradAmanane Ave che. jo ke bahu vizvAsa would be contemporaries and even pAtra noMdha karI zakAya tevA khAtrIpUrNa AdhAra prApta relatives=kaniSka ane ca9NanAM putaLA sAtheja hajI nathI thayA, chatAM jo ema kahevAI javAya ke mAluma paDayAM che eTale bane samasamI kahevAya ane rUdradAmananuM rAjya tenA dAdA karatAM vistAramAM kAMIka vaLI sagAM paNa thatAM heya." eTale ke ca9NunA meTuM hatuM to paNa vAstavika gaNI zakAze. hoddA vize eka zabda paNa uccAryo nathI. balake te jayAre jyAre jarUriyAta lAgI che tyAre tyAre kema jANe kSatrapa paNa banavA pAmyo hoya nahi, e kuzanavaMzanA varNanamAM eka karatAM vadhAre vAra cappaNanI AbhAsa ubho thavA jevI sthitimAM mUkI dI mathurAthI cAda mAIla jyAre temaNe teja pustakanA pR. 61 upara te sApha sAthe maLI dUra Avela mATa gAmamAMthI zabdomAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che ke, "Chasthan held AvelI kaniSka kaniSkanI sAthe kotarAvela maLI his office as great Kshatrap under ane caTTaNanI AvI che tene ullekha 27 Kushan dynasty. i. e. under Kadphe ApaNe karI batAvyo che. eTale sisl=kazAna vaMzanA samaye, eTaleka DaphasIjha bIjAnA have te vAta navI to nathI ja, hAtha taLe caTTaNa, mahAkSatrapa padane aMdhakAra bhegavatA paraMtu te kevA saMjogomAM ghaDAI haze ane tene samaya hato." bhale temaNe kaDaphasIjhane samaya batAvyo che. (27) ja, . hi.rI. seM. pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 62 juo. vaLI juo 1934 nA sudhA" mAsikane mArgazIrSa mAsane aMka pU, 1 thI 6 vaLI vaLI juo 1933 jAnyuArIne "gaMgA" mAsikane o 30 khAsa aMka pU. 170 (28) ja. . hi, vi. . pu. 2 bhAga 2 pa. 12

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caNanI ane 198 te muddo te ApaNe zeAdhyA bAda29 nakkI karI zakIe tema chIe, paNu cakSaNane mahAkSatrapa heAvAnuM jaNAvI dIdhuM che. chatAM temanA herapheravALAM vAkaca sAthe anya lekhakAe ' mahAkSatrapa ' zabda lakhyA haiAvAnuM sarakhAvIe chIe tyAre kAMIka hiMmata Ave che ke te mahAkSatrapanA adhikAre ja banAvAyalI mUrti DhAvI joie. chatAM paristhitine tapAsI te jovIja rahe che. ApaNe kahI gayA chIe temaja puravAra thayeluM che ( jue. pR. 185mAMne kAMThe ) OM caNe peAtAnuM rAjadvArI jIvanakSatrapanA adhikArathI ja AraMbhyuM che, eTale te daraje paNa rAjA kaniSka sAthe tene mUrti kAtarAvavAne samaya na Ave, evuM te naja mane. jo ke kaniSka jevA moTA samrATa, kSatrapa jevA peAtAnA nAnA hoddedara sAthe besIne mUrti kAtarAvavA de, te sthitija kalpanAnI bahAra jatI ane behudI dekhAya che. chatAM na khanavAnuM paNa banI jAya che ema mAne te ce, te vakhatanA saMjoge vicArIe chIe tyAre te saMbhavata dIsatuM nathI. kemake kSatrapanA daro teA e kaniSkamAMthI mAtra kaniSka pahelAnA rAjaamaleja teNe bhAgavyo che. ane te pade jyAre tene niyukta karavAmAM AvyA che tyAre, eTale i. sa. 117mAM te kaniSka pahelA madhya eziyAmAM yuddhamAM guMthAyela hatA, (29) banne kaMDasIjha petapeAtAnA sikkAmAM peAtAne kunnula eTale sukhA tarIke eLakhAve che. jo tema che te pachI sukhAne tyAM sukhA (trapa) kayAMthI hAI zake ? ane jyAM kSatrapaja na heAI zake tyAM vaLI mahAkSatrapa te temanA tAbAmAM zI rIteja sabhave ? e te sasalAne ziMgaDA heAvA jevI vAta kahevAya. [ kAi kaheze ke te sthAne hiMdamAM AvIne pAchaLathI teNe mahArAdhirAjapada dhAraNa karyuM hatuM eTale te te peAtAnA hAtha taLe sukhA-kSatrapa rAkhI zake che. javAkha (1) eka teA teNe mahArAjAdhirAjapada grahaNa karyA pachI bahu lAMbA vakhata jIyeAja nathI. (2) eTale kSatrapa jevA padane sukhA nImI zake teTalA bhUmi pradeza upara Adhipatya meLavyuM naheAtuM. (3) caRNu prathama kSatrapa nathI nimAye paNa tene pitA prathama nimAyA che. eTale jo vImA sIjhe sukha nImavAnuM karyuM. heAya te paNa zrameAtikane [ navama khaMDa ke jyAMthI te sadehe pAA karI zakayA ja nathI; eTale pachI sAthe besIne mUrti ghaDAvavAne prasaMga upasthita thayAnA prazna ja rahetA nathI. tema kaniSka pachI rAjA vajhekane ane te bAda rAjA huviSNune, rIjaMTa tarIkenA kArabhAra 6+11=17 varSa Azare cAlyA che eTale te kALa sudhImAM paNa kaniSkanA nAmanI sAthe levA devA rahetI nathI; tyAre je vicAravAnuM rahyuM te kaniSka khIjAnA rAjyArAhaNu bAdanuMja. ane tenA rAjyakALa, vahelAmAM vahelA ane sArAmAM sArA je zubhaprasaMga gaNAya teja ApaNe TharAvyA che; ke, te vakhate caNune mahAkSatrapa pathI navAjavAmAM AvyA hAya. eTale sAbita thayuM ke, te mUrti kaniSka bIjAnI sAthe mahAkSatrapa caNunI che. ane tenA nirmANukALa kaniSka bIjAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA hAI tenA samaya i. sa. 142nI AsapAsane mUkI zakAze. yurApiya vidvAnAe jyAM peAtAne bahu ukela jaDI AvyA nathI tyAM sadhaLA paradezI AkramaNukArAne peAtAne phAvaTa AvI tevI prazna tarIke eLakhAvI dIdhA che. ane tene lIdhe hiMdI patihAsamAM aneka gADhALA ubhA thavA pAmyA che, chatAM khUbI e batAvatA nahupAhu ane cANanI sarakhAmaNI nimyA heAya. nahIM ke caNane (4) pAte ho, jyAM mathurApati nathI banyA ane peAtAne zaka nathI calAvI zakyA tyAM bIjAne mahAkSatrapa kayAMthI banAvI de ? A prakAre aneka muddA tenI virUddhamAM jatA dekhAya che]. (30) 4 uparanI TIkA naM. 23, (31) eka dAkhale| TUMkAmAMja ApIza. ke. AM. re. pR. 104 pAri. 84 mAMthI te utArela che. te zabdo A pramANenA che. "It is possible that the Kshabaratas may have been Pahlavas and the family of Chastan Sakas. It seems to be certain that the the name of Nahapan is Persian and that the name Ghsamotik, the father of Chasthana is Scythic (Thomas J. R. A. S 1906 P. 211.)=sabhavita che ke, kSaharATA pahelavAjha hAya

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tRtIya pariccheda ] nahapANanI sarakhAmaNI rahyA che ke A paradezI prajAnI oLakha meLavavAmAM samajamAM utare che te pramANe nahapANanA amAtya kevaLa hiMdI itihAsakAroeja saghaLo chabaraDa vALI ayamano 32 jAnsaravALe pelo zilAlekha hevo joie. nAkhyo che. te hakIkata pu. 3mAM aneka vakhata ApaNe temAM saMvatsarano AMka 46no che.33 jema nahapANa jaNAvI cUkayA chIe. mAruM ema kahevuM nathI ke ke tenA jamAI rUSabhadattanA je zilAlekhomAM AMka maLI temaNe A doSAropa jANI bujhIneja karyo che. zuM AvyA che te sarvamAM moTAmAM moTo AMka A 46ne che. yuropiya ke zuM amerikana ke zuM hidI ? game te dezane tema bIjI bAju cakaNu vaMzI kSatranA je zilAlekhamAM manuSya hoya, paraMtu sarvenA hAthe bhUle te thAya che; AMka74 maLI AvyA che temAM nAnAmAM nAne para(bAvana) manuSya mAtra bhUlane pAtra che. paraMtu koIe keIne ne che. ane te cakaNanA pautra mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmanane halakA pADavA jevI vRtti dhAraNa karavI na joIe. che. jyAre pautra tarIke rUdradAmanane che, tyAre tenA je koI prayAsa kare te vidyAnA zekhane laIneja kare dAdA caSmaNano samaya to tenI pUrve ja hoya te kaha5nA che. teTale daraje tenuM kRtya upakAraka ja lekhAya ane vAstavika che. vaLI nahapANanA AMka 46 nI ane te mATe tene abhinaMdana ja ghaTe che. rUdradAmananA AMka paranI vacce kevaLa cha varSanuM ja upara pramANenI eka gerasamaja nahapA ane aMtara kahevAya; eTale te cha varSanA gALAmAMja ca9Na caNaNanI bAbatamAM paNa thavA pAmI dekhAya che. pote kAM avaMtipati banavA pAmyo na hoya ? te kalpanA koIe nahapANane InDopAthIana lekhyo che to * ubhI thaI. temAM eka bIjA saMjoge vaLI puSTi pUrI keIe sithiana ke InDasithiana lekhAvyo che. caTTaNano putra ane rUdradAmanane pitA jayadAmane je tema caTTaNanI bAbatamAM paNa thavA pAmyuM che. te gaNAya che, tene nathI maLyA zilAlekha ke nathI maLyAM badhAno ullekhamAM utaravA jarUra nathI. paraMtu eTaluM sikkA5; eTale vastusthiti goThavI devAI ke tenuM to moTA bhAge banavA pAmyuM ja che ke te bannene rAjya cAlyuM ja nathI athavA cAhyuM hoya te kevaLa eka jAtinAja ke lagabhaga maLatI AvatI jAtinA TUMka samaya mATe ja; ane kharuM che ke temaja baneluM gaNI kaDhAyA che. vaLI bane avaMtipati banyA che che. jyadAmana mAtra cAra cha mAsaja gAdIpati banavA, eTale kadAca ekabIjAnI pAchaLa pAchaLa ja teo pAmyo hoya ema dekhAya che. eTale para ane 4 gAdIe birAjamAna thayA hoya ema paNa anumAna vaccenA cha varSano meLa jAmI gayo che, nahapANanI goThavAyo che. tema banavAnuM kAraNa mukhya aMze mArI pachI turataja caNa avaMtipati tarIke Avyo che. ane cakaNanuM kuTuMba zaka hoya; cekasa mAlama thAya che ke, mATe tene zaka tarIke ja oLakhatA. A vAkya upara pu. 3 nahapANanuM nAma darAnI che ane caNDaNanA pitA daSametikanuM mR. 140 TI. naM. 45 nuM vivecana juo.]. nAma sithika che. (mAsa ja. je. e. se. 1906 pR. (32) pu. 3mAM amane badale amaca lakhAI gayuM che 211) [kahe, A anumAna karavAmAM ke meLa utAryo che. te rArata cuka samajavI eTale sudhArIne vAMcavA vinaMti che. - chatAM Tepalo naMkhAya che hiMdI vidvAna upara. temanA zabda (33) juo ke. . re. pR. 59; zilAlekha AMka A rahyA. Ind. Ant. XXXVII 1908 pp. 42. naM. 35 (vaLI juo pu. 3 pR. 200nuM vivecana). Jadians cared very little whether the invader (34) sikkAomAM AMka maLI AvyA che kharA paNa te was a Parthian, Saka or a Kushan. The Adi rAjAonA sikkAmAM nathI. (juo uparamAM pU.185ne conguerer came from Sakadwipa and so he koThA) eTale te hakIkata bAda rAkhIne jaNAvyuM che. was a Saka.=AkramaNa karanAra koNa hatApArthiana zaka (35) je sikkA mAnyA che ane tenA hovAnuM ke kuzANuM te jANavAnI hiMdIo bahu jI ja paravA rAkhatA. jaNAvAyuM che te zaMkAspada che. te mATe juo za dvIpamAMthI (jabUdIpanI bahArathI) te vijetA A pR. 186. TI. naM. 6mAM TIpaNumAM TAMkela mArA vicAre.

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200 ca9NanI ane [ navama khaMDa tenuM rAjya bahuja alpa samayI nIvaDela hevuM joIe vargane mANasa kahevAya; jethI nahapANane pitAne kemake kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa pada bhagavata bhogavatA te pitA maraNa pAmatAM, sarva adhikAra Ape Apa UMce caDate Avyo che. eTale pachI rAjApade jyAre maLI gayA hatA jyAre cakaNane badhA prakAranA adhikAro pahoMcyo tyAre moTI uMmaranA vRddha thaI gayo haze. mATe pitAnA uparI sattAnI maherabAnI upara laTakI pariNAme TUMka vakhatamAM te maraNa pAmyo he rahevAnuM hatuM. jethI nahapANanuM mahAkSatrapa pada adhikAra joIe. ane jema nahapANe 'rAjA'nuM birUda joDIne sUcaka che, jyAre cakraNanuM mahakSatrapa pada mAtra navAjezakramAnukrame traNe pada dhAraNa karyA che, te ja pramANe ca9Ne bakSIsarUpa che. eTale ke nahapANa mahAkSatrapa banyo che, paNa meLavyAM che ane pote avaMtinI gAdIe Avyo che. jayAre caTTaNane banAvavAmAM Avyo che. A rIte badhI paristhitino sumeLa barAbara baMdhabesato (5) banenA sikkAcihnomAM ghaNo phera che tema thaI gayo.ane AvA saMgemAM game te hoya, te te paNa sikkAnI lipimAM paNa phera che. numAnane vyAjabI TharAve te svAbhAvika ja che. (6) nahapAne mUrti chetarAvavAne che ke vakhata paraMtu te pramANe saghaLo ghATa utarate chatAM te nathI Avyo, paNa je Avyo hato te, pote kSatrapa anumAna satya nathI ema ApaNe aneka-lagabhaga nava pade hovA chatAM, potAnA pitA bhUmaka sAthe (gAdIpati dalIla ApIne pu. 3. pR. 217thI AgaLa pUravAra hovA chatAM ) te paDAvI zakata. jyAre caSThaNathI karI batAvyuM che. uparAMta vadhAre purAvA mane vizeSa kSatrapa tarIke tema te karAya ja kyAMthI ? paraMtu mahAabhyAsathI maLI AvyA che, tenuM varNana atre karavA kSatrapa banyA pachI e karavuM hoya te tenI marajInI vAta nahotI; paNa tenA uparI rAjAnI maherabAnInI (1) kSatrapa tarIke bhUmaka ane nahapAnuM sikkA pratIka tarIke ja te amalamAM mUkI zakAya tevI paDAvI zakatA hatA, jyAre cakaNa paDAvI zakatA nahi. sthiti hatI. alabata bhUmaka keI AMka lakhI zakato nahi, kemake (7) nahapANa mahAkSatrapa banyA ke turata avaMti tene svataMtra zaka teNe sthApyo nahoto, paNa tenA upara ravatatra rIte caDAI karI zake che, paraMtu caddha"putra nahapANe avaMtipati banyA pachI sthApyo hate. mane to mahAkSatrapa banyA bAda lagabhaga agiyAra varSa (2) nahapANe mahAkSatrapa tarIke zilAlekho paNa sudhI besI rahevuM paDayuM che. (juo uparanI kalama kotarAvela che. tema kSatrapa tarIke karAvavAnI sattA paNa naM. 4 mAM varNavelI sthiti) hatI; kemake yuvarAja pade kSatrapa tarIke te khuda rAjA : (8) naha5Ne avaMtipade avyiA pachI, mahAkSatrapa jeTale sattAdhArI hata; jyAre ca9Nane kSatrapapade te rahyuM, zabdano upayoga IchApUrvaka karyo che; eTale ke karave, paNa mahAkSatrapapade AvyA chatAMye zilAlekha kAtarA- na kara tenI pitAnI munasaphI upara avalaMbeluM hatuM, vavAnI sattA nahotI, kemake tene zIre saradAra hatA. paNa rAjA zakatuM che te vAparateja; jyAre caONuM pate - (3) nahapANu kSatrapa hatA tyAM sudhI pitAnA avaMtinI gAdIe AvyA chatAM, ekaluM rAjAnuM birUda pitAne-mahAkSatrapane-javAbadAra hatuM, ane mahAkSatrapa na joDatAM, "mahAkSatrapa rAjA" ema lakhata; (juo thayA pachI svataMtra rAjakartAnA haka bhogavato hato. pu. 3 pR. 121 dalIla naM. 7) kema jANe mahAkSatrapa jyAre ane te kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa pada baMne zabda tenA nAma sAthe eka avibhAjaya aMza sarakhAja hatA. alabata mahAkSatrapa tarIke haka-adhi- thaI paDayo na hoya. kAra vizeSa kharo. bAkI mAthe saradAra te hamezAM (9) nahapAnuM vatana aphagAnistAna che, jyAre hatA ja. cappaNanuM madhya eziyA che. nahapANanI bhASA ane (4) nahapANa rAjakuTuMbI hate. cachaNa nokara lipi kharoSThI che. tema brAhmI lipi paNa che.

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201 tRtIya parida ] nahapANanI sarakhAmaNuM caSaNanI tevI nathI, paraMtu tenA pitAnI sAthe tema bane jaNAe bApanI ja jagyA tathA gAdI nakara tarIke Do samaya aphagAnistAnamAM gALela saMbhALI lIdhI che. eTale kharAchIne aMza temAM praveza thato dekhAya che kharA. (5) banne jaNAe pita pitAne saMvata pravartAeTalethI te banne judA juthanA sabhyo hatA ema vyo che ane temAM paNa pitAnA pitAnA rAjyopuravAra thaI jAya che. raMbhathI ja te saMvatanI Adi banne jaNAe gaNAvI " (10) uparAMta te bannenI kALa gaNanAnI paddha che. teTalA darajaje bannemAM pitAnA pitA taraphanI timAM paNa phera rahela che. te e ke nahapANe sAlanA pUjya buddhi ane vaMzanAM abhimAna jALavavAnI AMka sAthe Rtu, mAsa ane divasa ema cAra vastu- Atmata eka sarakhI gaNAze. ene nirdeza karyA karyo che, jyAre caNe Rtune (6) banuM rAjadvArI jIvana lAMbuM che. alabatta darzAvI ja nathI, paraMtu mAsamAM pakSa lakhavAne badale nahapANa paMdareka varSa jeTalI nAnI vaye temAM paDayo mAsanuM nAma ja spaSTapaNe batAvyuM che. hato ane so varSanI umare maraNa pAmyo che. eTale, upara pramANe pratyekanI mukhya mukhya viziSTatAe ekaMdara 80-85 varSa jeTale kALa rAjakAraNamAM che. vaLI ATalI ATalI viSamatA hovA chatAM te benI teNe gALyo kahevAya. jyAre ca9Ne rAjadvArI jIvanamAM vacce ghaNuM ghaNuM sAmyatA paNa taravaratI dekhAya che. praveza paNa kAMIka moTI umare, eTale lagabhaga trIseka je temanA rAjadvArI jIvana uparathI tAravI zakAya varSe karyo hoya ema samajAya che, temaja 65 varSanuM che. te A pramANe samajavIH AyuSya bhogavI maraNa pAmyo che. te hisAbe tenuM (1) bane jaNe hiMdanI najare paradezI che. rAjakIya jIvana mAtra 30-35 varSanuM ja gaNI zakAya. paraMtu rAjakIya jIvananI dRSTie teo banne hiMdIja paraMtu rAjakIya jIvananI hADamArI, upAdhi ane banI gayA hatA. jenA pratIka tarIke, nahapANe pote ukaLATa jotAM, ATalAM varSanuM AyuSya paNa lAMbuM ja ja navAhana, naravAhana jevuM saMskRta nAma dhAraNa kahI zakAya. alabatta nahapANanI apekSAe te lagabhaga karI lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre ca9Ne pote te bhale nathI aDadhuMja, badhe tethI paNa ochuMja gaNAya tema che. karyuM paraMtu tenA putra ane te bAda tenA vaMzanA sarva tema sAmAnya AyuSyanI hada paNa bannemAM ThIka jaNAe hiMdI nAma apanAvI lIdhAM che. ThIka dIrdhasamI gaNI zakAya tema che. (2) nahapANane dharma jaina che tema cakaNane (7) bannee sva parAkrama vaDeja atinI gAdI paNa jena che. banne jaNAe pitAnA rAjyamAM hastagata karI lIdhI che. Avela saurASTramAMnA zatruMjaya ane giranAra jevAM (8) bannenA caherA (juo pu. 2 mAM temanAM svadharmanAM gaNAtAM mukhya tIrthadhAmanI mulAkAta sikkA citro tathA pu. 3 mAM pR. 137 sAme lIdhI che. (Ane lagatuM keTaluMka vivecana rUdradamananA DelI temanI AkRtio) paNa eka bIjAne ThIka jIvana vRttAMtamAM karavAmAM Avaze.) ThIka maLI jato dekhAya che. tema teoe hiMdI (3) bannene adhikAra prathama madhyadeza (madhya hiMda rAjakartAomAM mukuTa dhAraNa karavAnI prathA upADI lIdhI nahIM, paNa rAjaputAnAvALe bhAga je aravallInI pazcime dekhAya che vaLI te mukuTo paNa eka sarakhI ja paddhatinA Avela che. juo pu. 1 paricacheda trIjo)thI zarU thayo dekhAya che. che ane chevaTe avaMtipati paNa bane banavA pAmyA che. rAjakAraNe uparanI sAmyatA jema dekhAI Ave che (4) bane jaNAe rAjakIya tAlIma pitAnA tema keTalIka asamAnatA paNa spaSTa mAluma paDI pitA pAsethI ja meLavI che ane AgaLa paDyA che. Ave che, jevIke (1) nahapANe ane caNe bannee

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202 tathA [ navama khaMDa avaMti meLavI lIdhA pachI AMdhrapati upara karaDI tethI A bAbata hAtha dharavAne tene puSkaLa avakAza najara karI te che ja; paraMtu nahapANe teo mAtra maLyo hato. A pramANe bemAMthI prathama ke bIjuM kAbumAM rahe, teTalA pUratI najara rAkhIne saMtoSa pakaDo kAraNa hoya; ke banne thoDAM thoDAM heya, game tema paNa hatuM, jyAre caNe te temane khUba pIcho pakaDayo hate lokene ghaNuM AgaLa laI janArAM sAdhanAnI bheTa te eTale sudhI ke, temanuM mULa pATanagara je paiThaNa maLI hatI. jyAre ane rAja amala te bAbatamAM hatuM te khAlI karAvIne temane TheTha dakSiNamAM jatA lagabhaga zUnya jevo ja che. tema tene avaMtine je rahevAnI pharaja pADI che, ke jyAMthI pAchA teo ubhA samaye adhikAra maLyo te samaye prajAmAM asaMtoSa ja thavA pAmyA nathI. (2) eTale nahapAne rAjya jevuM paNa nahotuM ane tethI karIne ja te. pitAne vistAra avaMtinI gAdI maLI gayA pachI stabhita Treka rAja amala hovA chatAM, rAjapATathI dUra dUra thaI gayo hato jyAre cakaNe te khUba khUba vadhArI rahIne zatruone jItavAmAM ane rAjya vistAranI vRddhi dIdho hato. jethI rAjya vistAranI daSTie cakaNa karavAmAM nirbhaya rIte kAme lAgI zakayo hate. vidhAre parAkramI ane kAMDALIo kahevAya. (3) uparanA pArigrAphamAM nahapANunI ane cakaNunI nahapANa aputriyo maraNa pAmyo che. jyAre cachaNane sarakhAmaNI karatAM, kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA darajajAne vaMza ane parivAra khUba laMbAya che; eTale nahapANa lagatI keTalIka navI mAhitI ne vaMzamAM mAtra (je tenA pitAnI gaNatrI paNa kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapanI A5Ne jaNavI gayA chIe. karAya te) be ja rAjA thayA che. paraMtu cachano sattA vize tema agAu pu. 3 mAM pR. 164 vaMzavelo lagabhaga 20. uparanI peDhI sudhI pahoMce 1 thI 171 sudhImAM paNa keTalIka che. (4) nahapANanA rAjya upara tenA mULa uparI vigato ApI gayA chIe. A pramANe chUTI chavAI saradAronI-minenDara vigere na prajAnI--chAyA ane asaMbaMdhapaNe te hoya tene badale te sarva mAhitIne paDatI hatI, je temanA saradAranA sikkA potAnA guMthIne kAThA rUpe je goThavavAmAM Ave te tene samarAjya amale temaja rAjya vistAramAM cAlavA dIdhA javAne tathA tenI tulanA karavAne saraLatA prApta hevAthI sAbita thAya che. jayAre ca9Ne tema thavA thAya te hetuthI keSTika rUpe raju karIzuM. dIdhuM lAgatuM ja nathI. (5) nahapANe vepAra vRddhinAM A hoddAo mULe te rAjakArabhArane bojo sAdhanone sAro jevo ke ApyA karyo che. caNe haLavo karavA mATe ane javAbadArInI vaheMcaNI karavA, tema karyuM nathI lAgatuM. tenAM be kAraNa jaNAya che; yojAyA lAge che. vaLI A zabda ahiMdI-paradezI caine svataMtra rAjyakALa paNa TUMko che tema che. eTale tene lagatI saMpUrNa vigate te paradezI rAjayano vistAra vadhAravAmAMja tene badho samaya rAjataMtranA vahivaTathI vAkephagAra hoya te ja lakhI vyatIta thaI gayo che. (6) chatAM nahapANe ghaNuM dAna zakAya, chatAM hiMdI ItihAsanA avalokanathI je dIdhAM che temaja lokonAM manaraMjana karavA ghaNAM tAravI zakAI che teja vigata atra raju karI che ema upayogI kAryo paNa hAtha dharyuM dekhAya che. tenAM samajavuM. banavA joga che ke temAM kayAMka gerasamajUti kAraNa tarIke (ka) kadAca ema paNa hoya che, tene paNa thavA pAmI haze te te sudhArI levA vinaMti che. avaMtine kabaje maLyo tyAre lokone uzkerATa ghaNo je paradezI prajAoe hiMda upara amala bhAgahato, eTale-potAnI jAta pratye temaja rAjakIya vyA che. tenA be bhAga pADI zakAya tema che. eka paristhiti aMge-bane prakAre lokone zAMta pADavAmAM svataMtra ane bIjo bInaravataMtra. svataMtra prajA tene tevAM kAryo karavAnI AvazyakatA tene jaNAI hoya. kahIzuM ke je pote potAnA dezamAM svataMtra rAja GO athavA te pitAne rAjaamala lAMbo hato vahIvaTa calAvatI hatI; ane bIna svataMtra tene kahIzuM

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tRtIya pariccheda ] ke je mULe te| anya prajAne tAbe hAya ke tenI sAthe rAjadvArI saMbaMdhe joDAI gayela hAya paraMtu pAchaLathI game te kAraNe chUTI paDIne svataMtra rIte rAja calAvavA maMDI paDI heAya. svataMtra prajA tarIkenAM dRSTAMtamAM yavana, yAna (bekaTrIansa)36 pArthiansapadmavAjha--paziansa ane kuzAnane jaNAvIzuM, jyAre khInasvataMtra prajA tarIke zaka, kSaharATa, ane caRNuvaMzIne gaNI zakAze. AthI karIne svataMtra prajAnA je kSatrapa| ane mahAkSatrA che te eka rIte, nAkara tarIkenI kakSAmAM mUkI zakAya ane teja pramANe temaNe kArakIrdI svataMtra prajAnA --eTale nAkaranI kakSAvALA vigata (1) sikkA pADavA khAkhata (2) saMvata kayA vaparAya mahAkSatrapanI sattA vize (3) saMvata calAvavA mAkhata kSatrapa na pADI zake (rAjAnA haiAya teA | ja pADI zake) 78 mahAkSatrapa pADI zake cha pazu rAjAnA za katA AMkaja 203 pUrI karI kahevAya kharI; jyAre khInasvataMtra prajAnA hAddedArAe svataMtra thayA bAda pAtAnA hAddA grahaNa karela hAvAthI eka rIte teo nAkara na ja kahevAya; paraMtu te hAddAo peAtAnA nAma sAthe joDAyala rahela hAvAthI temanI pUrva sthitidarzaka te gaNI zakAya ane teTale darajaje tee pArakAnI tAbedArImAM hatA ema te kahI zakAya ja. ATalA mATeja ApaNe temane parataMtra nathI kahyA, kemake te haddo bhogavatAM bhAgavatAM svataMtra thaI gayA che; paraMtu temane bInasvataMtra kahyA che. vAparavA paDe peAtAnA uparI rAjAnA vaMzanA saMvata je. hAya tenA AMka peAtAnA uparI rAjAne40 ke tenA vaMzanAja calAvI zake (36) uparanI vyAkhyA pramANe teA A yAna prajA paNa mULe cavana (grIka) praznanA tAkhAmAMja hatI eTale tene khIna svataMtra paNa gaNI razakAya, paraMtu ceAna prajAe svata Mtra banIne rAjavahIvaTa calAvyA che. eTaluMja nahIM, paNa peAtAnA hAtha taLe kSatrA paNa ubhA karyA hatA tethI temane mULa prajA tarIke ahiM lekhI che. (37) inDo-pArthIane rAjA meAjhIjha A sthitimAM gaNI rAAca paNa tenA hATTo mahAkSatrapa tarIke nahAteja, maNa mahAkSatrapa paNa A prakAranAja kahevAya. mIna svataMtra prajAnA kSatrapa mahAkSatrapa pADI zake paNa khAsa pADI zakeja karIne jarUrIAta rahetI nathI potAnA mahAkSatrapanA | potAnA ja vaMzanA vazA saMvatanA calAvI zake paNa pAte AdipurUSa hAya peAtAnA mahAkSatrapanA | tA peAtAnei; nahIM tA potAnA pUjanA rAjyAra'bhathI pAte zarU karA (38) hugAna haMgAmAsanA sikkA (jIe pu. 2. AMka naM. 5, 10) A prakAranA gaNAro. (39) dRSTAMta tarIke rAjIvulanA, tathA sAdAsanA sikkA te mahAkSatrapa banyA pachInA). (40) dRSTAMtamAM ladAkhanI pAse khalasagAmanA tema kaDasIjhe kAtarAvela zilAlekha (jIe uparamAM pR. 140). (41) nahapANanA-rUSabhadattanA, maMtrI ayamanA zikSAlekhA, pAtikranA pelA 78 AMkavALA takSilAnA zilAlekha, surAAnavAnA sa` zilAlekhA, caNanA lekhA che. ema

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204 (4) sattAnA prakAra | peAtAnA (5) zahenazAha sAthe saMbaMdha hAya keTa ane hAya te kevA prakAranA? (6) sagapaNa saMbaMdha (7) jyAre padavI carcA mahA kSatrapane tAme na paNu hAya kSatrapa tathA mahAkSatrapanI peAtAnA rAjAne | peAtAnA mahAkSatrapanI tAme dAravaNImAM rahe ane te paNa mahAkSatrapanA rAjyAraMbhathIja (8) temanI saMkhyA | eka paNa hAya45 kreTalI hAya ane aneka paNa hAya na pazu. DrAya banatA sudhI mahAkSatrapa padanAkarane apAtuM ja nathI46 anatA sudhI saMbaMdha hAtA nathI sAmAnya | rIte | peAtAnA parAkrama- pitA je mahAkSatra544 gAdIpati ane eTale mahAkSatrapanI bhalA-2 vaDe paraMtu zahena- che tenA maraNa bAda turata maNuthI ane te zAhanI prasannatA | ApeAApa gAdIpati paNa zahenazAhanI marajI hAya tAja mahAkSatrapa ApAApa kahevAya; tene padavIe caDAvanAra kAi gaNuAya nahIM upara te kharUM khanIjAya ane mahAkSatrapa kahevAya chatAM khAsa seATI tarIke ubhuM karyuM hAya tA bahu te ekanIja saMkhyAmAM47 (42) dRSTAMtAmAM bhUma, ane nahapANa, rAjIvula, ane seDhASa, lIaka, ane pAtika; i. i. naNI levAM (43) mahAkSatrapa caNu A kathananA dRSTAMta rUpa che. (44) na' 42 vALAnA badhA kissAmAM A sthiti banavA pAmI hatI. [ navama baiTha kASThane tAbe nahIM pazu taddana svataMtra rUdradAmana vize je ema mAnyatA thai che ke teNe Apa baLe mahAkSatrapa pada meLavyuM hatuM te thana khATuM che ema svataMtra thaela che mahAkSatrapanA yuvarAja pote hAya | eTale zahenazAhanA che tethI temanI dAra- | saMbaMdhanA vaNImAM pitA putrano saMbaMdha dekhAya che praznaja rahetA nathI putra ane 2 yuvarAja | poteja gAdIpati che tarIkeja hAya yuvarAja ja hAi | peAteja gAdIpati che zake, mATe ekanI | eTale ja saMkhyA saMkhyAnA savAlaja ubhA thatA nathI A uparathI samajavuM. (tenA vRttAMte jue) (45) dRSTAMtamAM; DeriasanA rAjye 20-24 kSatrapI hatI. (46) pahallAjhamAM mahAkSatrapa maLatA nathI tenuM kAraNa A niyamamAM samAyaluM che. (sarakhAve| uparanI TI. na. 37mAM ApeluM meAjhIjhanuM dRSTAMta). (49) jue uparanI TI. na'. 37; caNu mahAkSatrapanA dRSTAMta khAsa A sthitineAja che,

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tRtIya pariccheda ] sattA vizenI samajUti 205 (9) zilAlekha rAjanA nokara tarIke te rAjanA | yuvarAjanA adhikAra -] pote sarva sattAdhIza ketarAvavA thIja kotarAvI zake ane temane | nI rUie kotarAvI | hevAthI A praja bAbatano ja saMvata vAparI zake; bAkI zake ane temAM eka ubho thato nathI adhikAra vyaktigatapaNe je dAna karyuM hoya te saMkhyA potAnA vaMzanA banatAM sudhI te sthitimAM pitAnA | saMvatanI ja vApare48 nAma sAthe kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapano hoddo joDavA jarUra nathI; kemake khAnagI lekha vyakti tarIke koIpaNa manuSya ketarAvI zake che. dvitIya paricchede, kuzanavaMzanA itihAsa sAthe I. sa. 423 jeTalo dUra gayo che. A pramANe bhinna saMbaMdha dharAvatA, paNa keTalIka bAbatamAM alaga paDI bhinna daSTibiMduthI joIe te temanI vacceno taphAvata jatA, ATha muddAnAM nAma ApyAM dekhAI Ave che. chatAM eka vakhate ja dRSTi nAMkhIne ATha muddAmAM hatAM, jemAMnAM traNa, kaniSka joI zakAya te mATe te hakIkatane keSTakarUpe guMthI chelo athavA pahelAnA vRttAMte, eka kaniSka batAvIzuM. kuzAna ane bIjAnA vRttAMte, ane bAkI cakRNuka kazAnaka caTTaNa saMvatanI rahelA cAramAMthI traNu, A ca9Na- (1) Adine I. sa. 103 i. sa. 103 sarakhAmaNu vaMzI kSatraponI hakIkata lakhatAM samaya 1 jaNAvAI gayA che. have eka ja (2) sthApaka ca9Nu kaniSka pahelo mAtra bAkI rahyo che. te kuzAna ane cakaNakanI sarakhAmaNIne lagatA che. tenI carcA atre karIzuM. (3) prasaMga tenA pitAnuM pitAne rAjyauparamAM. prasaMgo ubhA thatAM sAbita karI devAyuM kSatrapapade nimAvuM bhiSeka thavo che ke banI gaNatrIne samaya i. sa. 103thI thayo (4) prasAranuM avaMti ane sAthe uttarache. eTale ke bannenI Adino samaya eka che. chatAM tenA kSetra saurASTra pradeza hiMda prAraMbha thavAnAM kAraNa temaja prAraMbha karanAra vyaktio (5) kANe aMta guptavaMzI aMtima guptavaMzI prathama bhinna bhinna che. eTale darajaje te benI bhinnatA che. A kahevAya rAjAoe rAjAe uparAMta temanI bhinnatAne be traNa muddA para vizeSa (6) koI zAkhA Izvaradatta Amira khuda cakaNa mahAche. temane eka, kuzAna saMvatanuM calaNa sArA uttara temAMthI mahAkSatrapanI kSatrapanI hiMdamAM thayela che, jyAre cachazakano pracAra arva- nIkaLI che ? tinA ane saurASTranA pradezamAM ja che; ane bIjo (7) zAkhA nIka- nabaLI sattA khuda rAjAnI muddo tenuM baMdha thavAnA samayane lagato che. kazAna LavAnuM kAraNa paDavAthI saMmatithI saMvatano aMta guptavaMzI rAjAe I. sa. 200 Asa - I. sa. 423mAM I. sa. 280 pAsamAM Apyo che, jyAre ca9Nuzakano aMta (cokhkho ke te bAda lupta AsapAsa aMta te nathI ja karyo paNa luptaprAyaH karI nAMkhyo che) (9) saMvatanuM 320 varSa 175 varSa A kahevAya te guptavaMzIe ja paraMtu tene samaya AyuSya (48) jue uparanI TIka naM. 71,

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206 jayadAmana [ navama khaMDa cakkasAIthI kahI zakAya tevo prabaLa purAvo te hatI ke kema te ja koIne khabara paDatA nahIM. paraMtu nathI ja paraMtu pR. 194mAM ullekha karyA pramANe tenA sikkAnI bAbatamAM vastusthiti judI ja dekhAI pitAnuM maraNa I. sa. 117mAM che. keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke tenA nAmanA tenI umara nIpajatAM, ca9Na tenI jagyAe sikkAo 9 jaDI AvyA che. paNa tene lagatuM je varNana kSatrapa nImAyo tyAre tenI umara ke. A. re. mAM pR. 117 upara ApyuM che temAMnA lagabhaga 3thI 35 hovAnuM kalpI zakAya che ane lakhANamAM eka vakhata judI ja hakIkata jaNAve che I. sa. 15ranI AsapAsa maraNa pAmyo che eTale tyAre vaLI bIjI vakhata kAMI oraja sthiti varNave 37 varSa sudhI rAjakIya kSetramAM te jhajhape che. ekaMdara che. jyAre te sikkAcitra jotAM vaLI tadana navIna hakItenI umara maraNa samaye lagabhaga 70nI kahI zakAya. kataja jaNAya che. matalaba ke te sikkA jayadAmananA hovA ka7 varSanA jIvanamAM prathamanAM 16 varSa kSatrapapadanAM, viSe purI khAtrI ja thatI nathI. chatAM je jayadAmananuM te bAda 10 varSa mahAkSatrapa padanAM ane chellAM 10 nAma thoDuM ghaNuM ItihAsanAM pAne caDI gayuM che te varSa rAjApadanAM gaNavAM rahe che. tenA maraNa bAda teno eka be kAraNane laIne banavA pAmyuM hoya ema putra jayadAmana avaMtipati thayo hato ema keTalAka samajAya che. temAM saithI mukhya kAraNa saurASTramAM saMjogathI kahevuM paDe che. Avela giranAranI taLeTImAM sudarzana taLAvavALo (3) jayadAmana kahevAte rUdradAmanane lekha che. vidvAnoe temAM ahIM tene nAmAvalimAM rAjA tarIke dAkhala te varNavelI sarva hakIkata rUdradAmanane lagatI" hovAnuM kIdhe che, paNa tene gaNo ke kema te bahu anizcita TharAvyuM che. eTale tene lIdhe tenI aMdara jaNAvela jevuM dekhAya che. kemake prathama to zilAlekha anasikkAo, deza upara vijaya paNa rUdradAmanane hisse nAMkhyA je aitihAsika banAvanI siddhi nakkI karavA mATenA che. jethI ca9Na ane rUdradAmananI vaccenI badhI prabaLa sAdhano che temAM kaI svataMtra zilAlekha, tenA rAjakIya paristhitine meLa besAravAne khAtara nAmane jaDI Avyo dekhAtA nathI. paraMtu je anya koIka vyakti ubhI karavAnI AvazyakatA jaNAI zilAlekho tenA vaMzanA rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI batAvatA tema uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe zilAlekhamAM caENunA maLI AvyA che temAM tenuM nAma Ave che ane tethI putra jayadAmananuM rAjya caANu ane rUdradAmananI vaccenuM ja te nAmane cachano koI putra ane rUdradAmanane bahu TuMka samayanuM goThavI devAyuM. A yuktine uparanI pitA hato eTaluM nakkI karAya che. paNa tema TI. naM. 49 varNavelA sikkAthI puSTi maLI gaI na banyuM hota to tenA nAmanI koI vyakti thaI kemake te sikkAomAM caNDaNavaMzI nRpationA sikkA (49) juo uparamAM pU. 181nI TI. naM. 6 tathA tema che. te mATe juo rUdradAmana rAjaye pU. 209nI TIkA. 5. 200nI TI. naM. 35. (50) A sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti bAbata keTalIka ke. A. re. mAM pAMca sikkA (jayadAmananA dharAya che hakakIta pu. 2, pR. 393-397 sudhI varNavI che. vaLI tevA)nuM varNana ApyuM che. emAM tenuM prAptisthAna AgaLa rUdradAmananA vRttAte lakhavAmAM Avaze. ApyuM nathI. mAtra ekamAM jaNAvyuM che ke te junAgaDhavALA (51) caThaNe je prAMte meLavyA hatA te rUdradAmanane pAchA revaDa eca. Ara. skoTa taraphathI maLe che. paNa te kAMi meLavavA paDayA hatA e prasaMga pharIne ubhe thate heca te prAptisthAna na kahevAya, eTale te uparathI vizeSa anumAna ane artha eja karavuM paDe ke, benI vacce eka rAjA thaye baMdhAya tema nathI. hato ane teNe te gumAvI dIdhA hatA. eTale A pramANe sikA havAja na joIe tema tenuM rAjya paNa cAlyuM rAjakIya paristhiti temaNe zeThavI dIdhI (juo ja, be eN, na hovuM joIe te temanAja vAkayathI sAbita karI zakAya che. e. se. navI AvRtti 5, 3, 5, 73),

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tRtIya pariccheda ] emAM maLI AvatI sUrya-caMdranI ( (Star and Crescent ) nizAnImA paNa najare paDe che. tema te uparAMta svAmi, mahAkSatrapa Adi birUda paNa che. jyAre zilAlekhAmAM jyAM jayadAmananuM nAma maLI zake che tyAM ekamAM paNa te birUda teNe meLavyu hAvAnuM kAI cihna sarakhuMye jaNAtuM nathI. vaLI caNuvaMzI sikkAne abhyAsa paNa emaja batAve che ke, je purUSe kevaLa kSatrapapaduM ja bhegavyuM hoya te peAtAnA nAmanA sikkA paDAvI zakatA nathI ja. vaLI vizeSa bhUkhI te| e che ke, te sikkAmAM nAma ja kASThanuM nathI. ane nAma nathI eTale kAi anya nAmadhArIneA ta TharAvAya nahIM, paraMtu sUrya-caMdranI nizAnI che eTale kAEne paNa aDacaNumAM utAryA sivAya je ekanuM nAma ApI zakAya tevuM dekhAyuM te mAtra A jayadAmananuM ja. have samajAze ke zilAlekha ane sikkAnA AdhAre tenA astitvanI ane rAjakArAbAranI ImArata vize je kalpanA gAvAI che tenI kharI sthiti ApaNe raju karyA pramANe che. eTale AvA kAcA ane saMzayavALA pAyA upara kAI madAra bAMdhavA te ceAgya lAgatuM nathI. A kAraNane laine jayadAmananuM gAdIe besavAnuM mAre peAtAne kabUla nathI; chatAM pR. 199 upara je vidhAna karyuM che ke tenuM rAjya TUMka samayI eka mahinAnuM amuka saMyeAgeAmAM nAMdhI zakAya tevuM che te, upara pramANenA vidrAnAnA kathananI vizeSa khAtrI karavA mATe dvAra udhADAM rahe teTalA mATe che. vizeSa saMzodhananA pariNAme te pramANe jo sthiti sAkhita thAyate| rAjA caoSNu pachI gAdIe besIne TUMka samayamAM tenA maraNa pAmavA mATe vaLI kASTa akasmAtanuM kAraNu kapavuM paDaze. chatAM atyAre te vize vicAramAM utaravAnI jarUra nathI. paraMtu jyAre teNe mAtra kSetrapapada bhAgavyAnuM tathA caSmaNunA pachI turata rUdradAmana ja gAdIpati thaye| hAvAnuM mAnIe chIe tyAre tenuM mRtyu caoSNunA jIvanakALamAM ja thayuM gaNavuM raheze. eTale have ema anumAna karavuM raheze ke, yadAmananuM maraNu i. sa. 1paranA arasAmAM thayuM hai|vuM jAie ane tenA AdhAtathI caNu paNa TreMka vakhatamAM ja dAmana 207 A phAnI duniyA che|DIne cAlyo gayA haiAvA joie. (4) rUdradAmana caMoSNu pachI turata ja gaNA ke, chaeka mAsa sudhI jayadAmananuM rAjya vacce cAlyuM hatuM tema gaNA; paraMtu i. sa. 152=saMvata 49 AzaremAM rUdradAmana atipati banavA pAmyA hatA. teTalI vAta cesa che. vaLI tenuM rAjya 72 zakamAM=i. sa. 195mAM khatama thayela heAvAthI 23 varSa sudhI cAlyuM gaNI zakAze. jyAre caNunI umara maraNa samaye 65-70nI hatI te gaNatrIe jayadAsananI Azare 50-paranI gaNAro. ane kadAmananI gAdIe khesatAM 32-35nI lekhAya; tA te hiMsAme tenuM pAtAnuM AyuSya lagabhaga 57 thI 60 varSanuM thayuM gaNAze. caNu pote ati vistAravaMta rAjyane dhaNI hatA te ApaNe upara joI gayA chIe ane tene vArasA A rUdradAmanane maLela heAvAthI te te prathamathIja tevaDA mATA ane vizALa pradezanA bhUpati thayA hatA. eTale dekhItuM ja che ke, tene temAMnA kAI prAMtA meLavavA jevuM rahetu nahatuM. chatAM sudarzana taLAvanA zilAlekhamAM, pUrvAkArarvati, anUpa, Anarta, surASTra, zvabhra, marU, kaccha, siMdhu, sauvIra, kukura, aparAMta ane niSAda Adi pradezanI jIta peAtAnA zauryavarDa jItyA je ullekha karAyeA che te rUdradAmanane phALe zA mATe caDAvAtA haze te samajI zakAtuM nathI. A ekaja hakIkata sAbita kare che ke, te taLAvanI prazastine rUdradAmane karela vijayaprAptinI yazagAtA varNavatI kathA tarIke gaNAvAya tema nathI; chatAM te prazasti vinA kAI anya purAvA rUdradAmananI kahevAtI jItane samarthana ApanArA jyAre maLatA nathI tyAre saLaMga itihAsa Alekhana karatAM je sthiti ApaNune upara pramANe siddha thayela najare paDe che tene svIkAra karI levA ja rahe che. vaLI ApaNI A mAnyatAnA TekArUpa,--athavA te mata uccAravAne te ja prazastimAMthI je keTalAka muddA upayAgI dekhAyA hatA te upara, tenA rAjya vistAra sAthenI gerasamajUtie

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208 rUdradAmanane [ navama khaMDa vivecana karI pu. 2, pR. 39thI 39mAM tene sAbita meLavela rAjavistAra ane kIrtimAM upara kahI gayA karavAno prayatna paNa sevyo che. eTale have pharI pramANe teNe vadhAreja karye rAkhyo che. te pachI ullekha na karatAM te vAMcI javAnI ja bhalAmaNa cappaNe je prAMto meLavIne vArasAmAM rUdradAmanane karavAmAM Ave che. uparAMta je anya navIna vicAro sAMpyA hatA te teNe svaparAkrame meLavI lIdhA hatA, e upalabdha thayA che te jaNAvavAnI te AvazyakatA temanuM kathana che te khoTuM kare che. kadAca temanI dalIla rahe che ja. te nIce pramANe jANavA: ema hoya ke, vacce rUdradAmananA pitA jayadAmanane (1) joke rUdradAmananA guNagAna gAte te zilA- rAja amala TuMka vakhata thayo hato temAM ca9Ne lekha hevAnA vidvAnonA matathI huM chUTo paDuM chuM. meLavela keTalIe bhUmi te gumAvI beTho hato. A (juo pR. 197) chatAM dalIlanI khAtara temane mata sthiti svIkArIe to temanuM kahevuM e che ke abAdhi. kabUla rAkhIe, teye temano ja abhiprAya temanI tapaNe vRddhi cAlu rahI hatI te kathana cheTuM Thare che. virUddha jAya che. kadAca ema kahevAya ke, jayadAmananuM rAjya thayuM ja temanuM kahevuM ema che ke jyArathI rUdradAmana garbhamAM nathI, eTale cakraNanI zakti jyAM AgaLa aTakI Avyo tyArathI cazmaNa pite uttarottara samRddhinI paDI hatI tyAMthI ja rUdradAmane te AgaLa vadhavA ja chALe anabhavavA maMDyo hato temaja te pote gAdIe mAMDayuM hatuM. teTalI vAta kharI. paNa temanuM kahevuM te Avyo tyAM sudhI te samRddhi abAdhitapaNe vRddhiAMta pAchuM ema thAya che ke, jayadAmananA sikkA I. (3) maLyA thayA ja karI hatI. eTale be prazna thAya che. (1) zuM che eTale teNe rAja paNa karyuM che ja, te eka bAju tyAre cAlI AvatI vRddhi tenA gAdIe AvyA bAda kahevuM ke jayadAmananuM rAjya thavA pAmyuM nathI paNa aTakI gaI hatI ke tenI kSati thavA mAMDI hatI? cakaNuM pachI lAgalo ja rUdradAmana gAdIe beThA che ema to temanuM kahevuM nathI ja thatuM, kemake teo ema ane bIjI ja paLe pAchuM kahevuM ke jayadAmananuM rAjaya - mAnatA jaNAya che ke teNe pote svaparAkramathI aneka te thayuM che paNa thoDA vakhata cAlIne te baMdha paDayuM deze jItyA hatA, eTale ke teNe pote to vaMzanI kIrtimAM hatuM. A pramANe temanuM kathana ja vadavyAdhAtarUpa che. umero ja karyo che, jethI te praznane avakAza ja nathI chatAM dalIla svIkAro ke, jayadAmananuM rAjya chaeka rahe. (2) bIjo prazna e rahyo ke, cAlI AvatI mAsa cAlyuM che. eTale te thayo hato, na hato gaNI tyAre aTakI nathI paNa javalaMta banatI levo; te tene artha, temanA ja kahyA pramANe eTale cAlu rahI hatI tyAre eTaluM te kharUMjane, ke te pote thAya che ke aneka pradeza, ke jenAM nAma lagabhaga Dajhaneka gAdIe Avyo tyAM sudhIye, caSmaNe meLavela kIrtimAM jeTalAM che ane je rUdradAmanane svaparAkrame pAchaLathI abAdhitapaNe umere ja thayA karyo hato paraMtu koI rIte meLavavA paDayA che te sarve jayadAmane gumAvI dIdhA kSati to AvI ja nathI. A pramANe temano mata hatA. A vAta zuM kaI mAnya kare tevI che ke, cha che. tema bIjI bAju eTaluM cokkasa che ke, cavhaNane mAsa jeTalI TUMkI avadhimAM AvaDo meTo pradeza I. sa. 117nA arasAmAM kSatrapapade niyukata karavAmAM koI paNa rAjavI laDAI laDayA vinA gumAvI bese?' Avyo che, ane te I. sa. 15ramAM maraNa pAmya jo laDAI thavA ja pAmI hoya te-ane jyAM bAra che. eTale tenuM rAjakIya jIvana 35 varasanuM thayuM bAra prAMte jevo hArajItane se thayo hoya tyAMkahevAya. tema rUdradAmana garbhamAM hato tyArathI tenA kAMI te nAnI sUnI laDAI ke mAtra hAthanI mArAmArI rAjakIya jIvananI zarUAta thayAnuM teo mAne che evuM te naja hoya? te te moTuM yuddha hoya; te zuM eTale rUdradAmana gAdIe AvyA tyAre 34 ke 35nI ItihAsamAM tenuM yuddha kAMI jaNAyA vinAja pasAra umarano hato ane gAdIe AvyA pachI to caSThaNe thaI gayuM? vaLI je yuddha thayuM ja hatuM, te pilA

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tRtIya paricheda ] rAjya vistAra 200 sAme vijetA pakSa cha ja mAsamAM e nabaLo thaI chatanA-bane banAne adhikArI paNa rUdradAmana paDayo ke, jayadAne gumAvela prAMte (are kahone ke nathI ja ema saheje dekhAI jAya che. avaMti paNa gumAvI bese che eTale avaMtinI gAdI vaLI mahAkSatrapa be prakAre thavAyAnuM ApaNane paNa gumAvI beTho hato) upara rUdradAmane adhikAra mAlama paDayuM che (juo pR. 204nuM patraka kalama naM. 7); paNa meLavI lIdho ane pAcho avaMtipati paNa banI nekaranA eka prakAra tarIke ca9Na kSatrapane je mahAkSatrapa gayo ? AvA aneka praznonI laMgArane laMgAra ubhI pada apAyuM che temAM hajI tenuM parAkrama kAraNarUpa thaI jAya tema che. eTale puravAra thAya che ke, temanuM manAya paDe tema che; paNa eka vAra te avaMtinA maMtavya mULathI ja khoTuM che ane tethI karIne je je rAjApare caDayo ane taddana svataMtra thayo tyArathI tenA dalIla pite thIgaDAM mAravA mATe AgaLa dharI che te vaMzamAMnA darekane, rUdradAmanathI mAMDIne AgaLanA sarvene, badhI aphaLa nIvaDI che. matalaba e thaI ke, ca9Na parAkramathI te pade caDavApaNuM rahetuM ja nathI. pachI te pachI rUdradAmana turata ja gAdIe beTho che, temaja bInasvataMtra prajAvALA TI. naM.42 tathA 44 TAMkelA daSTAMteNe parAkrame bhale mulake meLavyA haze ane caNe tenI peThe, pote ApoApa ja mahAkSatra banI jAya che. sepela vArasAmAM umero paNa karyo haze chatAM, zilA- sAra e thayo ke, rUdradAmane uparama , jaNAvela che lekhamAM jene nAmoccAra thayela che te jamIna te jIta meLavI paNa nathI tema svapara mathI mahAkSatrapa teNe meLavI nathI ja paraMtu vArasAmAM maLI hatI. banyo paNa nathI, eTale mahAkSatrapa banavAnA kAraNarUpa (2) ke. A. re.mAM prA. resane jaNAvyuM che ke para te jIta meLavyAnI mAnyatA paNa vadhAre paDatI gaNAze. (mULa zilAlekhanI paMkti 12mI) He conquered (3) uparanA ja graMthakAra AgaLa jatAM teja the Yaudheyas and twice defeated pustakamAM, prazastinI paMkti naM. 12mAM "ag rgASatkarni, the Lord of Dakshinapath, gatiervjana= uThI gayelA rAjAone pitAnA sthAne He himself acquired the name of punaH besAravAmAM AvyA hatA" AvA je zabdo lakhAyAM Mahakshatrap=teNe (kadAmane) yaudheyAjhane jItyA che te upara vivecana karatAM potAne abhiprAya jaNAve hatA ane dakSiNanA svAmi zAtakaraNane be vakhata che ke The reference to his re-installment harAvyo hato. (tethI) teNe mahAkSatrapa pada meLavyuM of deposed kings is indefinite=padabhraSTa hatuM. A temanA uddagAro atyAra sudhI cAlI rAjAone pAcho svasthAne niyukta karyAnI hakIkata AvatI rUdradAmane meLavela svaparAkramanI prazaMsA karyAnA saMdigdha-acokkasa che. matalaba ke A kathana temane pariNAme nIkaLyA che. eTale te parAkramanI vAta jyAM bhale anizcita nahIM lAgyuM hoya paNa zaMkAspada te ApaNe uparamAM nirarthaka ane binaAdhAranI jyAre lAgyuM che ja. jyAre kharI hakIkata A prazastimAMnA puravAra karI batAvI che tyAM atra Takela-hAra ane vIratAnAM sarva vALe, jema mArA mAnavA mujaba (52) jue majakura pustaka pR. 60. gumAvI dIdhA che. Ama vAraMvAra heraphera jAhera karyA (53) chatAM eka vakhata mAne ke mahAkSatrapa pada jema kare tene kAMI artha kharo ke? mAnyatA cAlI AvI che tema meLavAtuM hoya ane pote jaNAvyuM (54) jue ko. o. re. pU. 120 TI. naM. 1. che tema, he himself acquired the name of Ma- (55) jue pu. 2. pR. 393thI AgaLanuM varNana. hakshatrap hoya to pachI jayadAmane paNa mahAkSatrapa pada sudarzana taLAvane lagatuM pariziSTha ; temAM evA vicAra te lIdhuM cheja (temanA kahevA pramANe ja) eTale teNe paNa darzAvyA che ke, yazogAna karatAM je vizeSaNe tenI prazastimahAparAkrama batAvI aneka mulaka jItyA kahI zakAyaja: mAM jaNAvAyAM che te sarva samagra rIte samrATa priyadarzinatyAre bIjI bAju vaLI teoja kahe che ke teNe te mulako ne ja lAgu paDatAM che, nahIM ke rUdradAmanane. 27.

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210. rUdradAmanane [ navama khaMDa priyadarzina samrATane lAgu paDanArAM che tema A [ TIpaNa-lipinI sarakhAmaNI karIne bhinnatA pratiSThApana karyAne jaza paNa tene ja phALe caDAvAya te je darzAvI che tethI mAruM kahevuM ema nathI ke rUdradAmane che. A hakIkata priyadarzine katarela keAI zilAlekhamAM te prazasti kotarAvelI nathI. prazasti te teNe ja jeke dekhAtI nathI ja paraMtu tenA eTale saMpratirAjAnAM chetarAvI che.pa8 paNa tenA samayanI lipi na vAparatAM, jIvanacaritro je jaina sAhityarUpe bahAra paDayAM che A prazastimAM anya prathAe ja kAma lIdhe gayo che temAM teno ullekha karAyelo che ja. te kAMI khAsa mudo haze ke? vaLI A khaDaka upara (4)vaLI AgaLa jatAM,56 A prazastinI lipinA jema samudragupta judIja bAjue pitAnI prazasti aMge teja vidvAna jaNAve che ke-In contrast to lakhAvI che tema rudradAmane kAM na karyuM? paraMtu samrATa the strictly classical sanskrit of the priyadarzine lekha kotarAvyo che teja bAju upara ane Girnar inscription, Rudradaman's coin lagabhaga 59 tenI ja bhASAmAM ketarAvavAnuM kAMI kAraNa? legends, like the Brahmi legends of koI javAba Ape ke, samudraguptano lekha kotarAvyA Nahapan, and indeed most of the coin pachI bIjI phAjala jagyA nahIM rahI hoya jethI legends of the Western Kshatrapas rUdradAmane priyadarzinanA zilAlekhavALI bAjune upayoga are in a sort of mixed language 4 karyo haze. pratyuttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, pahele rUdradAmana which may be described either as thayo che ke samudragupta ? samudraguptanA samaye phAjala Sanskrit with Prakrit or as Prakrit jagyA hatI te tenI pUrve thayela rUdradAmanane zuM te with Sanskrit features=giranAra zilAlekhanI jagyA vAparavAne kAMI pratibaMdha hatuM ke te jagyA zuddha saMskArI saMskRta lipinI tulanAmAM, nahapAnI tenI najare dekhAI ja nahIM hoya? kadAca ema dalIla lekhanI) lipi brAhmI che ane pazcimanA kSatraponA karAya ke uparamAM eka bAju rUdradAmananA zilAlekhanI. lagabhaga sarva sikkAonI lipi evI mizrIta prakAranI lipine jaNAve che, bIjI bAju tenI sAthe caThaNanA che ke jene saMskRta mizraprAkRta ke prAtamizra saMskRta sikkAnI sarakhAmaNI karo cho te vyAjabI nathI. kahI zakAya. eTale ke rUdradAmananI kahevAtI prazastinI banemAM zilAlekhanI ja vAta karavI joItI hatI. lipi temanA mata pramANe zuddha saMskRta che; nahapANane mATe te pramANe batAvela bhinnatA amAre mAnya nathI. zilAlekha brAhmImAM che jyAre pazcima kSatranA sarva A temanI dalIla paNa samajAtI nathI. kemake, je sikAnI lipi 57mizritalipinI che. matalaba kahevAnI lipi sikkAnI hoya teja sAmAnya rIte zilAlekhanI. ke A traNe vastu, lipinI dRSTie vicAratAM eka hoya che te sarva keIne sAmAnya anubhave che. vaLI bIjAthI bhinna paDI jatI kahI zakAya tema che. pu. 2mAM mAro hetu A bhinnatA darzAvavAmAM te prazasti pR. 39 dalIla 5 mAM A prakAranI ja vigata kAMIka udradAmananI nathI evuM batAvavAno nathI. jo te darajaje meM varNavI batAvI che. pramANe mAro Azaya heta te temanI dalIla vajanadAra (56) jue majakura pustaka pU. 121 pAri. 96. pramANe meM lakhyA che tene artha jude thaI jAya che. paraMtu (5) A kathanathI nahapANu ane cakaThaNa bane judI te zabda sudhArIne, have ahIM lakhyA pramANe vAMcavA ja prajA che ema sAbita thaze. ApaNe te mATenI carcA rahe che. pu. 3mAM tathA A pustake mR. 19thI AgaLamAM karI che temAM (pa) lagabhaga zabda eTalA mATe lAkha paDAve che ke A muddAnI paNa noMdha levI rahe che. giranAra zilAlekhanA ane A lekhanA saMskRtamAM jarA (58) pu. 2, 5, 396, dalIla pAMcamImAM zabda je jarA phera dekhAya che,

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11 rAjya vistAra AvI ke tene ADIavaLI vaNI karIne, rUdradAmananA jIvanane baMdhamesatI karI devAmAM AvI che, paraMtu tema karavA jatAM kevI phajetI thaI jAya che temA khyAla rakhAyA nathI. sthiti ema thaI che ke, kanherI nAmanA gAme eka zilAlekha che. tenuM varNana mi. rUpsane kA, AM. re.mAM pArigrAph naM. 57mAM - zilAlekha naM. 17 kanherI " tarIke ApyuM che. te zilAlekhamAM keTalAka aspaSTa zabdo che ke jenA bhAvArtha esAravAnuM sAmAnya rIte kaThina ja che. paNa upara jaNAvyA pramANe badhuM ceka besatuM karavAne tene artha ema karavAmAM Avyo che ke, kArAmaka rAntanA kuTuMbamAMthI utarI AvelI kAIka kanyA che te rUdradAmananI putrI thatI hatI. ane teNIne dakSiNApathanA rAjA zAtakaraNIne paraNAvavAmAM AvI hatI. vicAra| ke, jene kAradamaka rAjAnA kuTuMmamAMthI utarI Avela kanyA tarIke oLakhAvAya che, te kanyA kAradamakanI putrI kahevAya ke rUdradAmananI kAradamaka ane rUdradAmanane gotra, kuLa, jAti, vaMza Adi krAi jAtanA saMbaMdha khare? athavA kAi ThekANe tevuM jaNAyuM hAya te kAM tene havAleA na apAya? vAta ema che ke jyAM vAtane meLa ja nahIM tyAM hakIkata rajI karavI zI rIte ? matalaba e che ke, kanherIne lekha tA sAcA che; paNa tene je pramANe artha karAyA che ane rUdradAmana tathA zAtakaraNInA prasaMgeA gAThavAyA che te sarva khATuM che. kemake prazastinI hakIkata rUdrana dAmanane lagatI nathI. kharI hakIkata te ema che ke prazastimAM je zAtakaraNInA ullekha che te dakSiNApathanA rAjAne vAra priyadarzine harAvyeA hatA chatAM jIvatA javA dIdhA che tenuM kAraNa ke tenI bahenane te paraNyA hatA. A e vaccenI mITa vakhatanI je laDAI thai che te pelA mazahura thayela dhailIjAgauDAvALA priyadarzinanA zilAlekhamAM peAtAnA rAjyAbhiSeka pachI navamA varSe kaliMgamAM laDAI ane (61) juo nIcenI DhI, na'. 63 tRtIya pariccheda ] kahevAta. mArA hetu te prazasti kAtarAvanAranA Azaya paratvenA bheda batAvavA pUratA mukhyatAe che. jo mAtra lipinI sarakhAmaNI ja karavI hAya tA tenA vaMzanA rUdrasiMha, rUdrasena ItyAdinA are kaheAne ke khuda rUdradAmananA ja anya zilAlekhA kayAM nathI ke khIjAM ADAMavaLAM kAMAM mAravA de|DavuM paDe? tenA vaMzanA A zilAlekhA saMbaMdhI gheADIka hakIkata AgaLa upara ' temanA dharma 'vALA pArigrAphamAM Avaze.) (5) uparanI naM. ranI dalIlamAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, and twice defeated Satkarni, the Lord of the Dakshinapath=dakSiNapathanA svAmIne zAtakaraNIne be vakhata harAjyeA hateA; ATalA zabda pachI prazastimAM10 lakhAyuM che ke on account of the nearness of their connection, did not destroy him temanI vaccenA saMbaMdhane lIdhe, tene mArI nAkhyA nahIM. AnA artha ema vAmAM Ave che ke, rUdradAmane dakSiNApathanA rAjA mevA zAtakaraNIne be vakhata harAvyA hatA, paraMtu te tenA najIkanA sagA thatA hAvAthI jIvatA javA dIdhA hatA. A najIkanA sagAnuM sagapaNa eTale dIkarInI levaDadevaDa thayAnuM lekhyuM che.6 temAMya pAchI mUkhI e gaNAI che ke, rUdradAmana pAte jItanAra pakSa hAvA chatAM, tenI dIkarI zAtakaraNIne paraNAvI hatI evuM vidhAna thayuM che. prathama najare te| e ja vyavahAra virUddha dekhAya che ke, je jIte te hAranAranI putrI lye, ke jItanAra hAya te hAranArane Ape? chatAM vadhAre ke cAlatA AvelA vyavahArathI uparavaTa jaI ne kAI agamya kAraNane laIne jItanAre hAranAra vere peAtAnI putrI paraNAvI (athavA teA, hAranAra zAtakaraNInI putrI ja jItanAra rUdradAmane lagnamAM lIdhI hatI) te paNa te pramANenA banAva banavA te| joie ja ne ? tenI siddhi mATe prazastinI hakIkatane saMbaMdha na hovA chatAM paNa, eka zilAlekhamAM tenA jevI ekAda hakIkata maLI (60) jIe prazastinI pakti na'. 9 (e. IM. pu. pU. 47mAM tene anuvAda karela che te).

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212 rUdradAmanane [ navama khaMTha jIta thayA vize lakhAyuM che te samajavI. A samaye najare caDI Ave che te raju karavA vicAra thayo che. dakSiNApathane zAtakaraNIne tAbe kaliMgadeza paNa hatAM anya prajAjana je kAMI sAmAjIka hakIkata pragaTa tethI te kaligapati paNa kahevAto hato ane tenI karAve che te paNa kaIka zista ke niyamane vartIne ja sAthenuM te yuddha hatuM. A banAva i. sa. pU. 280-1ne lakhAvate hoya ema mAnavuM paDe che. tyAre rAjA ke che. (A badhuM varNana pu. 5 mAM aMdhrapationAM varNanamAM samrATa je puruSa je kAMI kAtarAve te te vaLI Avaze. ahIM te mAtra samajavA puratI uDatI nedha ja vizeSapaNe saMgaThitapaNe ane keAIka paddhatipUrvaka ja karI che). jyAre kaherInI prazastimAM je kAradamaka ane karato hoya eTalI to prAraMbhika sthiti ApaNe zatikaraNanI vAta karAI che te vaLI bIjA keI zAtakara- svIkAravI ja paDaze. Nane lagatI ja che. te lekha te rAjA hAla nAme oLakhAtA have ApaNe majakura prazastimAM akhatyAra karelI zAlivAhana zAtakaraNanI rANIe karAvela che ane hAla paddhatine vicAra karIe. AkhI prazasti 20 paMktimAM zAtakaraNInuM gAdIpati tarIkenuM eka nAma pulumAvI zAli pUrI karela che. temAMnI prathama soLa truTita avavAhana paNa hatuM. tenI traNamAMthI eka rANI A kAradamaka sthAmAM che ane chellI cAra alaMga che. te vize (kadaMbaka7) rAjAnI putrI hatI ane te kAradamakane yuddhamAM epIgrAphikA inDikA pu. mAM je samagra hakIkata jItI laIne, tenI putrI pote para hatuM. A pramANe pro. kIene utArI che temaNe noMdha karI che ke, 14 hakIkata che. 17 teno samaya I. sa. pU. 20-25nI samasta lakhANuM 1900 iMcanuM che temAMthI truTita AsapAsano che te hakIkata paNa ApaNe pu. 5 mAM bhAga 275 iMcane, eTale ke lagabhaga che jeTalo che. varNavavAnI che. atre te vastusthiti samajavA puratI A uparathI te 16 lITImAMthI keTale bhAga evAI nadhaja ApI che. matalaba ke bane hakIkatamAM gayo che tene kAMIka khyAla vAcakavargane AvI zakaze. zAtakaraNIne saMbaMdha che paNa be banAvo vacce aDhIso majakura 16 lITImAMnI 1-2mAM sudarzana taLAvanA poNAtraNaso varSanuM aMtara che. chatAM ajJAtapaNAne sthAnanuM varNana che. 3-4--5 mAM caANunA patra lIdhe te vAtane rUdradAmana je A banAva pachI baso rUdradAmane 72 nA mArgazIrSa kRSNapratipadAe samarAvyAnI varSe thayo che tenI sAthe joDIne ora prakArano ja hakIkata che. 6-7 mAM temAMnI be nadIeAnuM-suvarNasikatA vaLI chabaraDo vALI naMkhAyo che. A sarva vivecanathI ane palAsInI tathA ucaita (uyaMta = giranAra ) jaNAze ke rudradAmana sAthe je hakIkata prazastimAM parvatanuM varNana che. 8 mAM prathama tene maiyeM caMdraguptanA nedhelI joDI batAvavAmAM Ave che te yathArtha nathI. samaye baMdhAvAyAnI ane te bAda maurya azokanA samaye (6) uparanI pAMca dalIlamAM te prazastimAM samAvAyAnI hakIkata ApI che. 9 thI 11mAM je varNavelI hakIkatene aMge ApaNane je cAlatI hakIkate gerasamajUti ubhI karI che tene ullekha che. mAnyatAnI virUddha lAgyuM hatuM tenuM ja vivaraNa AnuM varNana tathA khulAsA meM pu. 2. pR. 394-5 mAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. jyAre ahIM te prazasti lakhavAnI karyA che. paraMtu atra te samajavAnuM saheluM thaI paDe prathA-paddhati uparathI maMtavyanI virUddha je sthiti mATe TUMkamAM jaNAvI dauM chuM - (62) jema bhUmi upara rAjasattAnI phera badalI aneka mATe A pustakamAM pR.19-20 tathA tenI TIkA naM. 22 juo. vakhata thayA kare che tema A kaliMgadeza upara paNa thavA pAmyuM eTale ke zAtavaMzIo amuka samaye kaliMgapati paNa hatA. hatuM. atra varNavAyelo temane eka samaya che. tema eka bIje (13) juo ko. o. 2. mo. naM. 17 kaherInA teja prasaMga yugapurANamAM noMdhAyAnuM nIkaLe che. di. bA. zilAlekhanuM varNana. kezavalAlabhAI dhruva sAhebe tene lagatuM varNana buddhiprakAza (14) jue te pustakamAM pR. 37nI be chellI mAM pu. 71, 5. 88 thI 102mAM karyuM che. jenA utArA paMktio,

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tRtIya paricheda ] rAjya vistAra 213 (a) "vistRta.(Na) "AgaIta prabhRtya oLakha te ApI ja che. eTale cAlu zistano "avihita samudita rAjalakSmI' = "jyArathI te vicAra je karavAmAM Ave te emaja kahevuM paDaze "garbhamAM Avyo tyArathI rAjyaRddhimAM abAdhitapaNe ke, (1) te paMktio kAM te azokanI ja kIrti gAnArI "vRddhi thayA karI hatI. (A) " raNasaMgrAma sivAya hAya (2) athavA te truTita lAInano meLa besArI zakAya "prANunta paNa manuSya vadha na karavo tevI pratijJA tevA keI nanAmAM rAjananA jIvana sAthe saMkalita "teNe lIdhI hatI' (I) " pUrva tathA pazcima karatA banAvonI hAramALA ApatuM te varNana hoya (3) "AkarAvaMti, anupadeza, Anarta, surASTra, zvabhra, athavA tevA varNanavALA rAjAnI sAthe tulanA karatAM marU, kaccha, siMdhu, sauvIra, kakara, aparAMta, niSAda pite rUdradAmananI sthiti A pramANe che ema karIne " Adi dezo teNe potAnA bAhubaLathI jItI lIdhAnI paMkti 16-20 nuM anusaMdhAna joDI devAyuM che. A hakIkata che." te bAda traNa sthitimAMthI kaI hoI zake te zodhavuM rahe. paMkti 12mAM yaudheyane ane dakSiNApathanA ApaNane jyAM sudhI ItihAsa zIkhavI rahyo svAmine tyAnI, ane padabhraSTa thayela rAjAne che tyAM sudhI chAtI ThokIne kahI zakIe tema che ke, punaHsthApita karyAnI hakIkata che. 13-14 mAM te te azokane lagatuM varNana nathI ja, kemake (sAmenA kelame rAjAnI prazasti gAtI hakIkata Alekhela che. 15mImAM a, A ane I) tarIke varNavelI eka paNa sthiti tene mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmananuM nAma Ave che. temaja dharmanimitte sparzatI ja nathI. tema bIjI ane trIjI sthitineaneka prakAre teNe dAna ApyAnI hakIkata che. tathA banneno-vicAra kare to je te eka ja vyaktinuM nAma 1thIramAM tUTela baMdha samarAvyAnuM tathA tenA suvizAkha ApavAmAM pariNamaze, kemake te evA rAjAnuM varNana joIe nAmanA amaladAre te kevI muzIbate pAra utAryuM I. I. ke je rAjAnI tulanAmAM ubhA rahevA jevI sthitimAM hakIkata che ane chevaTe te amaladAranI prazaMsA karela che. rUdradAmana potAne gaNato hoya ! A pramANe vicAra karatAM upara pramANe sthiti varNavelI che. have je tenuM te bane sthitinuM pariNAma te eka ja prakAranuM AvyuM pRthakaraNa karavAmAM Avaze te spaSTa thaze ke, prazasti gaNAze. tyAre te 2AjA keNuM hoI zake eTaluM ja kotarAvanAra mukhya purUSa je rUdradAmana che tene lagatI vicAravuM rahe che. tenI zodha karatAM jyAre temAM oLakhANu tathA sudarzana taLAvanuM varNana prathamanI maryavaMzI rAjA caMdraguptanuM nAma prathama mUkyuM che, pachI 1-7 paMkitamAM apAI gayuM che. pachI te taLAvane azokanuM nAma spaSTa karyuM che ane tyAra pachI te lagata tathA samarAvAyAne pUrvabhUta itihAsa apAyA rAjAnuM varNana Ave che. eTale azoka pachI je che. pachI nanAmA rAjAnI jItanuM ane zauryanuM varNana keAI mairyavaMzI rAjA AvatA hoya tenuM varNana hevA che. ane chevaTe keAnA samaye ane kenA hukamathI ane saMbhava che ke nahIM ? ane hoya te te kayo rAjA hAI zA mATe A kArya karyuM teno ullekha karIne rUdradAmana zake? teTaluM ja vicAravuM rahe che. maryavaMzI rAjAne rAye savizAkha subAe kAma pAra utAryAnI hakIkata vicAra karatAM te azoka pachI lAgalA ja mahAche. have vicAro ke rUdradAmananI oLakha ApyAnuM parAkramI je kaI thayo hoya to te samrATa priyadarzina kArya 1 thI 7 mAM patI gayA pachI pharIne pAchuM Ave che ane te bAda te te vaMzanI paDatI thaI ApavuM bAkI rahe kharuM? ane dhAro ke bAkI rahyuM gaI che. te paDatI vALA rAjAomAM te koIne hAya, topaNa te 7 pachInI paMktimAM turata ja Ave (a, A, i )nI hakIkata lAgu paDatI hovAnuM ke maryavaMzI caMdragupta, azoka vi. nI hakIkata vacce vicAravuM te hakIkata, akkalanI mazkarI karAvavA jevI ja Ave ane te bAda vaLI pAchI rUdradAmananI hakIkata kahI zakAze. te pachI eTaluM ja vicAravuM rahe che khAve tema sauthI chevaTe teNe potAnA amaladAra vigerenI ke zuM te badhI prazaMsAmaya gAthAo priyadarzinane

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rUdradAmanA 214 lAgu paDe che ke kema? have te ApaNe tenA jIvananI dareka hakIkatathI saMpUrNapaNe vAka thaI gayA chIe eTale hiMmatapUrvaka kahevA jevI sthitimAM paNa chIe ke te sarva khInA tenA jIvanane zabdezabda lAgu paDe che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te ja pramANe tenuM jIvana ghaDAyuM dekhAyuM che. (jue pu. 2 mAM tenuM varNana tathA sudarzana taLAvanA pariziSTa ca mAM Apela te khulAsAnuM varNana pR. 393 thI 397 sudhI ) eTale niHsaMdeha che ke te sarve varNana priyadarzinane ja lagatuM che. mAtra, je akSarA bhUMsAI gayA che temAM kayAMka tenA nAmane lagatA akSarA kAtarAyalA haze ja paraMtu pAchaLathI aneka kAraNothI dhArA ke adazya thayA haze athavA vikalpe tenuM nAma kAtarAyaluM ja na heAya te ye tene khulAseA paNa, ApaNe upara noMdhela pR. 395mAM karI batAvyA che. eTale game te sthiti kalpIne, cAre bAjuthI vicArI karIzuM tApaNu ekane eka ja javAba AvIne ubhe rahe che ke te sarva bAbatane saMtASakAraka ukela samrATa priyadarzinanuM nAma gAThavavAthI ja maLI rahe che. are chevaTa ema paNa kahI zakAze ke, 8 mI paMktithI mAMDI 15 mI paMktie rUdradAmananuM pAchuM je nAma Ave che tyAMsudhInuM saghaLuM varNana kAi anya vyaktinI prazaMsAne lagatuM che. paraMtu rUdradAmanane AzrayIne lakhAyaluM nathI ja. (7) vaLI saiAthI meATI khUkhI kaheA ke zaMkA upajAvanArI mInA kaheA te e che ke, pAte jyAre meLavelI jItanuM varNana sArI duniyAne jaNAvavA beThe| che, tyAre khIjAM dezAnAM nAmeA teNe jAhera karI dIdhAM ane dakSiNa dezanuM nAmaja kema rahevA dIdhuM ? kemake teNe pote ja kahyuM che ke, dakSiNApathanA rALane be vakhata harAjyeA che ane jIvatA javA dIdhA che. eTale ke te banAva te| A prazasti krAtarAvavAmAM AvI te pUrve (65) A muddA pUjya IMdravijayasUri mahArAje pote racelI samrATa zekane lagatI pustikAmAM uDAvyeA che. [ navama khaMDa keTalAya kALe banI gayA che; tema A nAmAvalI je teNe rajI karI che te paNa bhUtakALamAM jItelA dezeAnI ja che. vaLI e banAvane pAte kAMi nAkhI devA jevA paNa nathI gaNatA. kemake te vAta teNe bhArapUrvaka ane meTI mahattvanI heAya ema judI varNavI batAvI che. uparanI sarve dalIlAnA vivecanathI vAcakavargane khAtrI thaze ke prazastimAM je vigatA rAjyavistArane lagatI varNavavAmAM AvI che te rUdradAmananA vIratejanI darzaka te| nathI ja. (66) jue pu. 2. pR. 393 kelama khIntu, paMkti 27, tathA pR. 794 kAlama paheluM pa`kti pa (67) yAna rAkho. ke sAra zabda meM lakhyA che. (8) kAine ema prazna udabhave ke, bhale atyAra sudhInI cAlI AvelI mAnyatA khoTI che, paNa pratipakSI tarIke tame je dalIla lAvyA che ke, prAfesara pITarasana kRta "bhAvanagara sTeTanA saMskRta ane prAcIna zilAlekhA" nAmanA pustakamAM A taLAvanI prazastine je anuvAda bahAra paDayA che tenA AdhAra laIne tame lakhyuM che ke te taLAva samarAvavAmAM priyadarzine paNa kALA ApyA che. te hakIkata majakura pustaka jotAM kayAMya mAlUma paDatI nathIja; mATe tamArI dalIla vajuda vinAnI che pa. tenA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, prathama te meM tevuM vidhAnaja karela nathI. meM lakhela zabdo A pramANe che. " AmAM, pre|. pITarasana sAhekhanA maMtavyanA sAra67 ema che ke A taLavi prathama samrATa caMdraguptanA samayamAM viSNugupte baMdhAvyuM hatuM, ane ene krUratA kAMThe samrATa azAkanA vakhatamAM tupasa athavA tuSpa nAmanA amaladAre prathama vAra samarAjyeA hateA; jyAre bIja vAranuM samArakAma priyadarzinanA samaye karavAmAM AvyuM che....... te bAda e pukti mUkIne)...... pITarasAhebane abhiprAya ceAkhkhA zabdamAM mahArAjA priyadarzinanI tarapheNamAM darzAvela tA nathIja paNa te ...alabatta nahIM ke temanA zabdo A pramANe hAvAnuM lakhyuM che. temanA asala zabdo tarIke je jaNAvAya te vastu paNa judI ane tene sAra kahI batAvavA te vastu paNa judI kahevAya. sAranI javAbadArI lekhakane zIre Ave che, ane asala zabdanI javA badArI jenA te zabdo hAya te dhaNIne zIre jAya che.

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tRtIya parira cheda ] rAjya vistAra 215 matalabane bhAvArtha8 nIkaLate saheja tarI Ave che te joIe. eTale te pramANe pu. 2 pR. 300 upara te khare " matalaba ke pITarasana sAhebanuM Amaja hakIkata meM jAhera karI che temaja te pustakanA aMte maMtavya che evuM nizcayAtmaka kathana temanA nAme karyuM ja joDela, sudarzana taLAvanA pariziSTamAM paNa te prakAranI nathI; ulaTuM meM te AgaLa jatAM te upara pAchuM vivecana hakIkata jaNAvI che. tyAMnA lakhANamAM kAMI samajaphera karyuM che (jAo teja prazke kalama 2 paMkti 18) ke, thatI hoya to tene A pramANe sudhArIne have vAMcavuM. "uparanI AThamI paMktimAM mauryavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta A pramANe dalIla karavAmAM mAro Azaya e che ane te bAda samrATa azoka para ullekha karela che ke, mairyavaMzI A rAjakIya sUtradhArAne saMbaMdha joDI ane pachI jagyA khAlI AvI che eTale svAbhAvika taLAvanI prakRtine je mukhya bhAga lakhAyo che te priyache ke, eka pachI eka gAdie AvanAranuM-rAmrATanuM- dazina saMbaMdhI hakIkata jAhera karanAra hoI zake eTaluM varNana karavAno ziraste heIne samrATa azoka pachI batAvavAnuM che ane tema sAbita thAya te, prazastino yaza tenI gAdIe AvanArane lagatuM te khyAna hoI rUdradAmanane lAgu pADI zakAya nahIM te ApoApa zake che. che. eTale ke mArA maMtavyanA kathananI siddha thaI jAya. te vicArane haju huM vaLagI rahuM chuM. javAbadArI konA zIre na nAMkhatA meM mAtra vive. tethI atra khulAsArUpe A vivecana karyuM samajavuM. cana karyuM che. [ TIppaNa-have spaSTa thAya che ke, A jyAre samrATa caMdragupta ane azake potapotAnA prazaritanA lakhANane je artha karAyo che tethI aneka sakhA mAraphata taLAvanA kAryamAM bhAga Apyo che anartho thavA pAmyA che. vAta ema che ke, A tyAre A priyadarzine paNa pitAnA saurASTranA sUbA prazastinuM vAcana ane ukela bahAra paDI gayAne ghaNAM mAraphata paNa, phALo kAM pUrA na hoya ? ema prazna ghaNAM varSo thaI gayAM che. te samaye tene anuvAda ubho thAya ja. vaLI gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAITInA pramANabhUta gaNA haze. paraMtu te pachI aneka navIna buddhiprakAza nAme mAsikamAM pu. 76 pR. 92 paMkti zodhe bahAra paDI che to tene sAra paNa temAM 9 mAM divAnabahAdura kezavalAlabhAI dhruvasAhebe yuga- Ama ja thavuM joIe. tenuM eka ja dRSTAMta ApIza. purANanA AdhAre vivecana karatAM jaNuvyuM che ke epIgrAphikA inDikAmAM pragaTa thayela hakIkatamAM kyAMya "zAlizuka saiArASTranI prajAne raMjADI jaina gacchone priyadarzinanuM ke zAlizukanuM nAma ja AvatuM nathI, mukhe moTAbhAI saMpratinI (jenuM bIjuM nAma priya- tema azokanuM nAma levAyA pachInI paMktimAM kaI darzana hevAnuM, tathA A priyadarzina ane zAlizuka anyane lagatI hakIkata hovA vize zaMkA paNa uThAvAI banne bhAIosahodara-thatA hovAnuM ApaNe paNa nathI. tyAre bhAvanagaranA zilAlekha jotAM che. pITarapu. 2mAM sAbita karI cUkayA chIe) khyAti baDhAvI sanane zaMkA utabhavyAno bhAsa nIkaLe che. game tema nadharmane digvijaya pravartAvaze evI bhaviSyavANI ho, paNa have jyAre aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAo che. A badhI hakIkata joDIne evA maMtavya upara bahAra AvavA pAmI che tyAre te prazasti karIne AvavuM thayuM ke, priyadarzinanA sUbA tarIke zAlizuke saMzodhana mAge che ja.]. paNa A taLAvanA samArakAmamAM bhAga bhajavyo A pramANe aneka gerasamajAtio sudarzana taLA vaLI nIcenI TIkA naM. 68 sarakhA. (69) uparanI TI. naM. 65 mAM nirdiSTa pU. A. ma. (68) A be lITI vAMcI janArane khAtrI thaze ke, zrI iMdravijayasUrijInuM khAsa dhyAna A mArA TIpaNa pITarasana sAhebanuM kaheluM Amaja che e rUpamAM mArUM upara doravuM rahe che. kAraNa ke teozrI A viSacamAM khUba kathana ja nathI. vaLI uparanI TIka naM. 67 sAthe sarakhA. rasa laI rahyA hoya ema samajAya che.

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bIjI muzkelIonA tathA 1 vanI prazastinA khATA artha thai javAthI rUdradAmananA aMgeja mAtra ubhI thavA pAmI bIjI paNa thayela che ema nathI, paNa samrATa priyagerasamajUtio darzinane aMge paNa thaI che. tathA temanA dharme tevIja rIte aMdhrapatine paNa keTalAka anyAya devAI gayA che. hAla tA rUdradAmanane prasaMga hatA eTale tene lagatuMja vivecana hAtha dharyuM hatuM. rAjya vistAra sivAyanI gerasamajUti je vaLI dekhAI che te have jaNAvIe. mukhya aMze te temanA dharmane aMgeja che. paraMtu te temaNe kAtarAvela zilAlekhamAMthIja udbhavela dekhAya che. eTale tenuM varNana sAthe sAthe karI laie. kuzAnavaMzI rAjAeAnA dharma vizenI carcA lakhatI vakhate sAbita karavAmAM AvyuM che ke temanA mULa dharma jaina hatA paNa vAsudeva pahelA e (samaya i. 198 thI 236) te dharmanuM parivartana karyuM hatuM. tenA rAjyanA prAraMbhathIja ke AgaLa jatAM te parivartana thavA pAmyuM hatuM te bahu agatyane prazna nathI. paraMtu eTaluM kharUM ke kaniSka bIjAnA rAja amalanA aMta AvyA tyAM sudhI te te| jaina hatAja. vidvAnAnA hAthe aneka ThekANe jema banavA pAmyuM che tema, A kuzAna vaMzIone paNa bauddhadharmI harAvI devAyA che. je hakIkata tyAM AgaLa purAvA ApI sAbita karAI gai che. tema caNu vaMzanI prajA paNa A kuzAna vaMzaneja maLatI che evuM kahI gayA chIe; uparAMta caNu vaMzanA udbhavatA rAjA vAsudevanA samaya thaI gayAnuM noMdhAyuM che. eTale anumAna karI zakIe ke, caNu vaMzIonA dharma paNa jainaja hatA. A anumAnane samarthana ApanArI hakIkatA temanA zilAlekhA tathA sikkAomAMthI vipula pramANamAM maLI Ave che. [ navama khaMDa sikkAenI sAkSI khAkhatamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke jema anya vaMzI rAjAoe peAtAnAM dhArmika cihna amuka prakAre rAkhyAM che ane kAtarAvyAM che, tema AmaNe je cihno rAkhyAM che te, sUryacaMdra ( Star and Crescent ) i. che. (jIe pu. 2 mAM pU. 100 upara sikkAcitra 42 tathA pu. 3 mAM pR. 402 sikkA citra naM. 102) te cihnonI saMpUrNa samajUti te te ThekANe ApaNe ApI paNa che. atra ApaNe eTaluMja jaNAvavAnuM ke teo jaina dharmanuyAyI hatA e hakIkata jema tyAM AgaLa pUravAra karI batAvAI che tema ahIM paNa mAnya rAkhavI. have zilAlekha paratve jaNAvIe. e vAta prasiddha che ke, AvA lekhe| kAtarAvanAra prathamanA AraMbhamAMja, pAte je dharmanA hoya tenuM je kAI lAGgIka cihna heAya che tene maMgaLasUcaka gaNIne zubha kA'mAM sa.maMgaLAcaraNu tarIke tenA ullekha karI de che, temAM paNa khAsa karIne jo te kArya peAtAnA dharma paratvenuM DrAya tAtA tene anivArya paNa lekhe che. te niyamAnusAra jo caRRNa vaMzIoe kAMtarAvelA lekhAnuM nirIkSaNa karIzuM te " name| siddhaM " kahIne zarUAta karelI dekhAze ane itihAsavidezo e hakIkata jANItIja che ke, A prArthanAsUcaka zabdo peAtAnA iSTadevane namaskAra karIne AraMbha karavAnI rIta mAtra jaina dharmIeeja te samaye vAparI che, eTale sikkAcitrA uparathI Arela ApaNA anumAna majabUta thayA gaNAze. vizeSamAM kahevAnuM ke, temanA aneka zilAlekhA pragaTa thayA haze; paraMtu repsana sADhuMe temanA kA. AM. re. pustakamAM pR. 59 thI 62 sudhI naM. 38,39,40,41 ane 42 AMka bharIne pAMca zilAlekhonuM. je varNana karyuM che te sarve jo barAbara dhyAnapUrvaka vAMcIzuM te jaNAze te sarvemAM kAI ne kAI prakAre dAna karyAnuM ke (70) jIe te pustakamAM temanu varNIna; atra teA temanI TUMka noMdhana ApIzuM. naM. 38 junAgaDhane, rUdradAmananA mArgazIrSa kRSNa pratipadAnI mitinA, naM. 39 gudAne-rUdrasiMha pahelAnA vaizAkha suda panI mitinA, naM. 40 junAgaDhanA rUdrasiMha pahelAne. naM. 41 mulezvara-mulavAsaranA rUdrasena pahelAnA, vaizAkha kRSNa pa camIne. na. 42 jasadaNanA, rUdrasena pahelAnA ane bhAdrapada kRSNa paMcamane.

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tRtIya pariccheda ]. praznone karelA nikAla 217 amaka dharmakArya ane sAmAjIka paNa lakhI zakAya che." A badhAM vivecanathI khAtrI thaze ke ketarAvakaryAnAMja ullekha najare paDe che. koImAMthI rAjakIya nArano hetu koI prakAre rAjakIya nathI ja paraMtu hetu sAdhya thAya tevuM kAMIja mAlama paDatuM nathI. pote karela dharmakAryone prajA samakSa dharavAne che; jethI alabatta upara varNavAI gayela naM. 38no junAgaDhavALo prajAe kevAM katyo karavAM joIe tema ja svadharmI sudarzana taLAvano lekha che ane temAM aneka jItenuM baMdhuo pratye pitAnI kevI pharajo che tenuM temane varNana che kharuM paraMtu je bArIkAIthI tapAsIzuM te bhAna thAya. tAtparya e thayo ke sarva zilAlekho, mAlUma thaze ke, te bInA te lekha ketarAvavAmAM hetu- prAcIna samaye je lakhAvatA hatA te saze- rUpa nathI. tAtkAlika hetu te taLAvane baMdha je tUTI athavA mUkhyAMze--dhAmika banAvanA pratIka tarIke ja gayo hato tenI sudharAI ane marAmata vizeno khyAla samajavAnA che. rAjakIya banAvo sAthe temano saMbaMdha ja ApavAno ja dekhAya che. jyAre deza vigere jItyAnuM hoto nathI. kemake prAcIna samaye rAjAone potAnA je varNana che te to chetarAvanAranI prazaritarUpa che, dharma pratye jeTaluM bahumAna hatuM teTaluM keAI cIja nahIM ke temaNe te sthAne vijaya prApta karyo hato pratye nahotuM ja. A bAbata upara pu. 2 mAM sikkA tethI tenA citarUpe te lekha kotarAvAya hAya. tethIja prakaraNa lakhatI vakhate paNa bhArapUrvaka jaNAvAyuM che prA. repsane TIkA karatAM potAno abhiprAya jaNAvela ane tethI ja ApaNe paNa A pustakamAM dareke dareka che ke, Its immediate object is to record vaMzanA rAjAnuM rAjadvArI jIvana pUrNa thaye temanA the reparation in the reign of the dharma vISe paNa isAra karavA tarIke pAye payA Mahakshatrap Rudradaman of the chIe. vaLI A bAbatanI khAtrI karavI hoya te dam of the Sudarshan lake, which samrATa priyadarzinane ubhA karAyelA sarva lekhohad burst during a violent storm= khaDakalekho, staMbhalekho,-ghumaTa (Stupas) pracaMDa tene (lekha karanAra) tAtkAlika uddeza te kAya mUrtio I. I.-juo, te te sarve paNa AvAM mahAkSatrapa rudradAmananA rAjaamale sudarzana taLAvane AvAM dharmakAryo ke dharmanAM-tIrtha-dhAme sAthe ja saMbaMdha baMdha samarAvyAnI noMdha karavA pUrato ja che, ke je dharAvatAM ApaNane najare paDaze. tevI ja rIte baMdha pracaMDa tephAnane lIdhe tUTI gayo hato. matalaba junAgaDhanA ujajayaMta (prazasti pakti 5 mAM uryata) ke temAM rAjakAraNanI kAMI gaMdha sarakhuM ye jaNAtuM parvatanI taLeTImAM A sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti je nathI. jyAre naM. 40 nA lekha bAbatamAM te pitAne chetarAvAI che tene paNa dhArmika kRtya sAthe ja saMbaMdha abhiprAya spaSTapaNe jaNAvatAM kahe che ke, "The che, nahIM ke rAjakAraNanA banAva sAthe. A prakAranA purport of the inscription cannot be vivecanathI paNa vAcakavargane have khAtrI thaze ke, ascertained; but it is probably jain in sudarzana taLAvanI prazastimAM kaI rAjA-rUdradAmananuM character and it contains the ancient ke priyadazinanuM-laDAInuM ke bhUmiprAptinuM varNana che ja name of Junagadh (Girinagar)=lekhane nahIM. eTale A prathAthI ajJAta evA ApaNuM Azaya cokkasa thaI zakato nathI paraMtu tenI zailI vidvAnoe A taLAvanA lekhane rAjakIya prasaMga mukhyatayA jenonI che ane temAM junAgaDha sAthe guMthIne, je anumAna bAMdhI batAvyA che te (girinagara)nA purANa nAmano ullekha karAyela paNa vAstavika nathI ema samajAze; te mATe caMdragupta (7) juo te pustakamAM pR. 11. (2) A zabda vizenI vadhAre mAhitI AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM juo. ' 28

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karavAnA kAmamAM madada kare che . * jaart 4 jaina dharmanAM [ navama khaMDa morye saurASTramAM A taLAva baMdhAvyAnA pagalAne, paNa kALanI eka balihArI ja kahevAya. paraMtu sudarzana tyAMnA kheDUtone khetIkAryamAM taLAvanuM pANI upayogI taLAva te ujajayaMta parvatanI taLeTImAM ja AveluM thAya te hetu AgaLa dharI maurya samrATonI vasulAtI hatuM tenI idhANI tenA zilAlekhanA sthAnathI nakkI prakaraNanA eka aMga tarIke varNavyuM che te paNa yathArca karI zakAya che. eTale samajavuM thAya che ke, prAcIna nathI. (A banAvanuM varNana AgaLanA parigrAphamAM samaye giranAra parvata, jayAM sudarzana taLAvanI pALe karavAnuM che te juo) jethI samajI zakAya tevuM che ubhe karela A rUdradAmanano ane priyadarzinane ke, je varNana rAjakIya hetu dhyAnamAM rAkhIne karAyuM zilAlekha atyAre potAnuM astitva pikArI rahyo hoya te ulaTA mArge vAcakane kheMcI laI jAya che. che tyAM sudhI laMbAyo haze ane A zilAlekhavALI ane tethI ja rUdradAmanane lagatI gerasamajAtio jagyA te girirAjanI taLeTI ja haze. vaLI hiMduubhI thavA pAmI che ema gaNI levuM. sarvano sAra zAstro temaja jainazAstro. tIrthasthaLa evA parvatanI eTale ja thayo lekho ke, cappaNuvaMzI nRpatio taLeTIne paNa khuda tIrthasthaLa jeTaluM ja mahattva ape janadhamAM hatA ane sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti paNa che. eTale ke dareka tIrthanA parvatane ane tenI taLeTIne temanA eka dharmakAryano ullekha ja mAtra raju kare che. eka sarakhAM pavitra mAnIne ja temanA anuyAyIo jyAre prasaMga ubho thayo che tyAre atra jena- te sthAna taraka pitAno bhakitabhAva darzAve che tathA dharmane aMge temanAM tIrthasthAno vize-kAMIka kAMIka tIrthasthAna tarIke tenAM darzane vAraMvAra sagavA sAMpaDe jaNAvI devuM ucIta jaNAya che. te pramANe AvyA kare che. vaLI ApaNe pu. 2 mAM jaina dharmanAM tIrtha. temAMthI paNa itihAsane jANavA- mAryavaMzI samrATanA dharma vize vivecana karatAM jaNAvI - sthaLo yogya vastu prApta thatI dekhAze ja. gayA chIe ke teo sarve mAtra samrATa azokavardhane chatAM jemane dharma zabdanI sUga dharma parivartana karyuM te sivAya-jainadhama ja hatA; lAgatI hoya athavA te jainadharmanI mahatvatA sAMbhaLIne eTaluM ja nahI paNa, caMdragupta jevAe te rAjapATa tenI bhUrakInI lahera lAgI javAthI bhaDaka ubhI thatI cheDI daIne te dharmanA sAdhu tarIkenI jIMdagI svIkArI hoya teo A pAriyAkane vAMcavAnuM cheDI daIne lIdhI hatI. paraMtu te sthitie pahoMce te pUrve paNa khuzIthI AgaLa vadhI zake che. teNe ghaNuM dharmakAryo karyA hatAM, jenA purAvAmAM tene pro. rUmsane naM. 40 nA zilAlekha upara vivecana ApaNe avaMti pradezamAM AvI rahela jaina dharmanA karatAM (juo uparamAM pR. 217) jaNAvyuM che ke stUpa-sAMcI stUpa tarIke je atyAre oLakhAya It contains the ancient name of che ane je pradezamAM lagabhaga cha Dajhana jeTalA nAnA Junagadh (Girinagar) temAM junAgaDhanA moTA stUpo AvI rahela hovAthI jene stUpa pradeza purANuM nAma-girinagarane ullekha karela che. eTale tarIke paNa oLakhAvI zakAya che te sarve stUpa-pratye ke jene hAla junAgaDha kahevAya che tenuM mULa nAma pitAne bhaktibhAva darzAvavA mATe, dIpakanI alagAra girinagara hatuM. A uparathI samajAya che ke, junAgaDha pragaTAvavA rUA. cAlIsa hajAranuM dAna dete nIhALI navIna nAma hovA chatAM tene hAla te jIrNadurga zakIe chIe. A pradezanuM mahAbhya zuM che, zA mATe kahevAya che, jyAre girinagara=giri eTale parvatanI che ane teno ItihAsa zuM che te sarva hakIkata khINamAM Avela evuM nagara, te hetupUrvaka racAyela ApaNe pu. 1mAM sAMcInagara, vidizA nagarI, besanAma hovA chatAM vartamAnakALe adazya thayuM che. te nagara tathA jillA te cArenA hevAla tarIke temaja (73) A hakIkata ApaNe 5.2 5. 184mAM ThIkaThIka rIte batAvI ApI che, temAMthI saTIka vAMcI javA bhalAmaNa che,

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tRtIya pariccheda ] tIrtha sthaLenI samajUti rAka ujainInI mahatvatA raju karatA varNanamAM ThIka ThIka tIrthoe AvatA tathA puNya upArjana mATe sAdharmika cItarI batAvI che. eTale jema teNe jainadharmanA baMdhunA zreyasAthe vidhavidha prakAranAM aneka dharmakAryo A eka mahatvapUrNa, gauravavaMtA ane ati pavitra karI jatA. tethI ja A prakAranAM kAryo cakkaNuvaMzI gaNAtA tIrthasthaLa tarapha pitAnI jAnaphezAnI karI rAjAonA hAthe karAyAnA ullekha, upara jaNAvela batAvI che. tema A girinagara-giranAra parvatanI- zilAlekha naM. 38 thI 4ramAM ApaNe vAMcI rahyA yAtrAe AvI pitAne katapuNya mAnyo hoya te chIe. to pachI e vicAravuM rahe che ke, uparanA temAM navAI paNa kayAM che ! ane e dekhItuM ja che pAMca zilAlekhamAM batAvela sthAne zA mATe jainake, jema priyadarzina pote svadharma baMdhuono saMdha dharmanAM tIrthasthaLa gaNAyA che ? pAMcamAMthI be to kADhIne (juo pu. 2 pR. 382 nuM varNana) tyAM junAgaDha zaheranAM che. eka guMdAno (je kAThiyAvADanA yAtrAe Avyo hato tema mauryavaMzI Adya samrATa hAlAra prAMtamAM AveluM gAma che) eka mulavAsarano caMdragupta paNe tyAM Avyo hoya; tathA saMghane mukAma (je kAThiyAvADanA okhA maMDaLamAM Avela gAma che) girirAjanI taLeTIe rAkhyo hoya te paNa banavA yogya tathA eka jasadaNane (kAThiyAvADanI madhyamAM coTija che. temaja AvI yAtrA nimitte AvatA yAtrALu- lAnA DuMgaramAM AveluM che); AmAMnuM junAgaDha te nI tAtkAlika jarUriyAta tarIke AvaDuM moTuM (tenA atyAre paNa jainadharmanA tIrthasthaLa tarIke jANItuM ja kSetraphaLa mATe TIpaNu naM. 75mAM juo) taLAva je che. jasadaNa te coTIlA parvatanI taLaTImAM AveluM na baMdhAvAya te muzkelIo paNa ubhI thAya te che. tyAM AgaLa ANaMdapura nAme eka gAma Avela samajI zakAya tevI bAbata che. A sadhaLA vive che. jene mULarAja solaMkInA samayamAM ANaMdapuracanano sAra e thayo ke rAjAo saMgha kADhIne tIrtha- vardhamAnapura tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM; kemake dhAmanI yAtrAe AvatA hatA. eTale jyAM AvAM te sthAna upara te samaye vaddhamAnapuranA rAjA dhruvadhAmika smArake najare paDe tyAM prAcIna samaye senanI ANa hatI eTale kAThiyAvADamAM ja Avela tIrthasthAna hatAM ema samajI levuM. ANaMdapura nAmanAM traNa sthaLonI oLakha ApavAmAM jema mauryavaMzI samrATa jainadhamAM hatA. tema arasaparasa gUMcavADo na thaI jAya, te mATe te caThaNa vaMzIo paNa teja dharmanA anuyAyI hatA te vizeSaNa joDAyuM hatuM. A sarva hakIkta haDALA tAmraApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe. teo paNa potAnA paTane AdhAre meM sAbita karI ApI che. A AtmAne pApamukta karI pavitra thavA mATe A ANaMdapura gAme eka samaye jainanA mukhya tIrtha (4) juo. pu. 1. mAM cahadamA (14) avaMtinA pradezanuM deep, all the water escaped=jara0 kayubITa lAMbe varNana; temAM aneka ThekANe karelA TA chuTA isArAo, teTalo ja pahoLo ane 75 kayubITa chaDe cIre paDayA pArigrApha tathA TIkAo. hevAthI saghaLuM pANuM jatuM rahyuM hatuM. AmAM eka kayubIDha - (75) e. I. pu. 8 pR. 46 paMkti 11mAM te vakhate eTale 1 thI 2 phuTa gaNAya che. eTale te cIrAnuM mApa te taLAvamAM paDela cirADanuM mApa ApyuM che (nIce juo) Azare 800 phITa lAMbu * 800 phITa pahoLuM x ane 150 ke jemAM thaIne sadhaLuM pANI vahI gayuM hatuM. jyAre te phITa UMDuM gaNAvyuM. phATatUTa-ke cirADanI vAtathI ja paNa ApaNe daMga thaI (76) jue che. e. pu. 12 julAI 1883 5, 190 jaie tema che, te pachI AkhA taLAvanuM kSetraphaLa te keTaluMye (77) jaina dharmaprakAza nAmanuM bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thaI jAya te vAdavivAda kara karatAM kalpI levuM ja joIe. thatuM mAsika sa. 1985 aMka 5, zrAvaNamAsa pU.161-174 tenuM mApa temaNe ApyuM che -By a breach 420 gu. 1, se. nuM buddhiprakAza 1934, 5. 318 thI 322 cubits long, just as many broad and 75 cubits muMbainuM sAptAhika "dhI gujarAtI '1937

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220 cakaNu saMvatanA [ navama khaMDa sthAna gaNAtA zatruMjaya-vimaLagiri-parvatanI taLeTI to evAM joDAyelAM che, je atyArasudhInI cAlI Avela hatI.78 eTale jema giranAra parvata A vimaLa- Avela mAnyatA pramANe gaNatAM hovAthI ItihAsanA girinI eka TaMka-zaMga hovAthI tene yAtrAnuM sthaLa adhyayanamAM goTALA ubhe kare che. eTale tene gaNAvAyuM che tema coTIlAnuM A ANaMdapura paNa tIrtha kharekhara jo khyAla ApI devAya te AgaLa AvatA dhAma ja gaNAtuM hatuM. teTalA mATe caThaNuvaMzI bhupALo ItihAsanA banAne samaya nizcayapUrvaka goThavavAmAM tyAM AvyA jaNAya che. guMdA ane mulavAsaranI saraLatA paDI jAya. sAthe sAthe ApaNe je nirNaya bAMdhyo pavitratA mATe mane pUrI mAhitI nathI eTale sama- che tenI vAstavikatA paNuM puravAra thaI jAya. uparAMta jAvI zakatA nathI. paNa sUcanA jarUra karI zakAya ke je keTalIka truTione ukela AvatI dekhAtI na malavAsara pAse uparokta vimalagirinA 108 te najare paDatAM. itihAsanI saLaMga ImArata ubhI zaMgomAMnA keIkanuM sthAna haze; jyAre okhAmaMDaLamAM thaI jAya che. AvAM aitihAsika tane te aneka che Avela guMdA gAma, zrIkRSNa ane temanA pitrAI ane haze, paNa mArgadarzaka thaI paDe mATe daSTAMtarUpe zrIneminAthanA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM kAMIka temAMnA ATheka nIce pramANe raju karuM chuM. sthAna haze.00 (1) bhrAtRdAmanane samaya 211-17 sudhInA 83 A pAMca sthAna uparAMta rAjA rudradAmanA gaNAya che, ane tene harAvIne guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta nAmano kacchanA aMdhAu gAme eka zilAlekha maLI pahelAe pitAne gupta saMvatsara gatimAM mUkI che. eTale AvyuM che temAM sAlano AMka para (bAvana) che. tathA te samayathI caAguvaMzIonA hAthamAMthI avaMtinI tenI hakIkata paNa dhArmika kArya karyA vizenI che. A gAdI cAlI gaI kahevAya. te bAda teo tyAMthI khasIne sthAna bhadrAvatI nagarI-athavA bhadrezvara nAmanuM atI pAsenA pradezamAM cAlyA gayA hatA. A banAvane prAcIna jainatIrtha gaNAya che tenI sAthe saMbaMdha samaya i. sa. 319 gaNavAmAM Avyo che. uparanA dharAvatuM hoya ema dIse che. 217 caSmaNa zakane I. sa. nA aMkamAM pheravatAM varNavavA dhArela prathamanA cAre rAjAnAM vRttAMta (tenI rIta mATe juo pR. 102) I. sa. 719 atra pUrAM thAya che. paraMtu eka muddo temanA zakanI AvI raheze ja. Adine samaya, je ApaNe (2) brAdAmana pachI gAdIpati tarIke vizvasena caSmaNa saMvatanA I. sa. 103ne sAbita karyo (216-226); rUddhasiMha bIjo (227-279) ane ' karAvela samayanI che tenI satyatA puravAra karI yazodAmane bIjo (239-254); A pramANe te traNanAM satyatAnA purAvA Apa rahI jAya che. te ke mAtra nAma jaNAyAM che te bAda vaLI soLa varSa sudhI ApaNI TharAvela maryAdAnI bahAra eTale 270 sudhI zuM sthiti hatI, kANuM gAdIe hatuM : jatA dekhAya che, paraMtu te sAthe anya aitihAsika I. te paNa kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. matalaba ke (78) juo jai. dha. prakAza saM. 1985no vaizAkha ane 7mAM TAMkela sarva lekhamAM keTalAMka sthAna vize, chUTAmAsane aMka naM. 2 pR. 58 thI 73 tathA amadAvAdanuM chavAyuM vivecana karyuM che. haju ghaNAye muddA temAM bAkI che. jaina jAgrati " mAsika saM. 1988 pu. 1 aMka 35. koI vakhata te viSaya vaLI hAtha dharI levAze. - 83 thI AgaLa. (81) juo kembrija ATa hisTarI oNpha inDiyA pR. 82 (7) Akhe zatru-vimalagiri-parvata kevaDe hatA, (82) A gAmanA ullekha mATe juo pu. 1 pR. 170 tenAM zikhare kema chUTAM paDayAM I. hakIktanI carcA mATe juo TI. naM. paya jaina jAgrati ne TI. naM, 78 mAM TAMkela aMka. (83) juo. 5. 191 upara Apela caNavaMzanuM (80) carcAnA prasaMge upasthita thatAM na. 07, 78 vaMzavRkSa,

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- - tRtIya paricacheda ] samayanI satyatA 221 216 thI 270 sudhInA 54 varSanA gALAmAM, phAve 414 thI 456)=42 varSanuM che. te pachI samudraguptanuM te teo avaMtipatinA khaDiyA ke kSatrapa tarIke rahyA (456thI 480 sudhI) 24 varSa cAlyuM che. A banne hoya ke kadAca thoDeka Aghe jaI. nAno mulaka meLavIne te bAhubaLI hatA. temanA rAjya guptavaMzI sAmrAjaya upara teo potAno amala calAvatA rahyA hoya ema ucca zikhare pahoMcI gayuM hatuM. paraMtu te bAda dekhAya che. daramyAna avaMtipati tarIke, guptavaMzI kumAragupta bIja pAcho nabaLe rAjA nIvaDaze. eTale caMdragupta pahelAno tathA samadraguptanI samrATa tarIke tenA vakhatamAM guptavaMzanI paDatI thavI zarU thaI gaI hAka ugratAthI vAgI rahI hatI. paraMtu samudraguptanuM che. kayAre thaI tene AMkaDe nizcitapaNe kahI zakAte maraNa I. sa. 774 (athavA caThaNu saMvata 271) nathI, paraMtu nIcenA naM. 5 mAM jaNAvelI paristhitithI mAM thatAM, caMdragupta bIjo Avyo tyAre aNuvaMzanA kAMIka anumAna te karI zakAya che ja. koI avazeSa-svAmI rUkasena trIjAe-pAchuM mahAkSatrapa (5) samajAya che ke gupta sAmrAjyanA traNa dhAraNa karI,84 AsapAsano mulaka bathAvI pADI bhAgalA paDI gayA che. kumAraguptane gAdIe AvyAne jora pakaDayuM lAge che; kemake teNe pAcho sikkA paDA- paMdareka varSa thayAM haze teTalAmAM, jema anya paradezIo vavAnuM cAlu karyuM dekhAya che. taduparAMta A svAmi rUkasena paMjAbane raste hiMdamAM utarI AvyA hatA tema, dUNa trIjAnA sikkA upara, caMdragupta bIjAnA rAjyA- nAmanI prajA temanA saradAra taramANunI AgevAnI rahaNanI je I. sa. 374=caSThazaka 271 che nIce dhasI AvI ane pazcima tathA madhyahiMdane bhAga teneja nAnAmAM nAno AMkaDo prasiddha thayo che. kabaje karI avaMtimAM pesI gaI. tene samaya (3) svAmi rUsena trIjA bAda, svAmi padadhArI i. sa. 40nI AsapAsane nedhI zakAze. tethI bIjA traNa rAjAo thayA che, ane temane samaya 271thI guptavaMzI nabaLA kumAragupta avaMtithI nAzI gayo 311 gaNAya che. (moTAmAM meTo AMka 31 x che; ane sneha kAraNe ke sagAM thatAM hoya tethI, paraMtu je paNa nI jagyAe 1 hovo joIe) eTale ke parivAra jAtinA rAjapUta kanojanI AsapAsa vasI svAmi padadhArI rAjAonuM rAjya 40 varSa cAlyuM rahyA hatA, temanA AzrayataLe vasI rahyo. A rAjache. daramyAna caMdragupta bIje, je kAMIka nabaLo rAjA pUe te sevA badala, uttarahiMdano gupta sAmrAjyanA thayo hato, ane jenA samaye A svAmi rAjAonI bhAga meLavyo ane pitAnuM rAjya jamAvyuM; te utpatti thavA pAmI che tenuM maraNa I. sa. 417mAM rAjyavALAnI gAdI kanojamAM sthApavAmAM AvI hatI thatAM, kamAragata nAme mahAparAkramI narapati A. ke jenA vaMzamAM uttarahiMdane prakhyAta samrATa harSavardhana teNe te AvatAM veMta ja, bIjA varSe ja, I. sa. 414= thayo che. A vaMzanI utpattine samaya i. sa. 510 cachaka 011mAM svAmirAjAne ukheDI nAMkhyA kahI zakAya. upara pramANe be bhAga thaI gayA. jyAre ane te vaMzano aMta ANI dIdhe. eTale ja svAmi saurASTra ane gujarAta taraphane sAmrAjayane je bhAga rAjAnA sikkA paNa maLatA nathI, tema te vaMzanI bAkI rahI gayo che, guptavaMzI samrATanA bhaTTArakeanya koI vyakti paNa dekhAtI nathI. sainyapatie kabaje karI tyAM potAnuM rAjya sthApyuM (4) A kumAragupta pahelAnuM rAjya (i. sa. ane valabhIpuramAM gAdI karI. teno samaya paNa (84) A uparathI samajAya che ke, mahAkSatrapa karatAM svAminuM pada nIcuM lAge che (vaLI juo pu. 3 pR. 197 TI. naM. 14mAM meM kareluM TIpaNu). (85) teTalA mATe huNavAnI nAmAvaLI, A pramANe goThavI zakAze (1) teramANa I. sa. thI pa =20 (2) mihirala (sadara) 510 thI 533=23

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cakaNuM savatanA [ navama khaMDa taramANunI caDAIvALe I. sa. 490no ke ekAda tathA agni sAkSIe pratijJA lIdhI. jemAMthI agnibe varSa pAchaLane nedhI zakAya. A pramANe gupta phUlIya rAjapUtonI cAra zAkhA uddabhavI.89 A sarva sAmrAjya traNa vibhAge vaheMcAI gayuM che. rAjapUtoe ekatrita banI yuddha AdaryuM ane mihirakula (6) traNamAMthI valabhIvaMzanA rAjAono itihAsa tathA tenI AkhIye durNa prajAno nAza karI nAkhyo te prasiddha thaI cUke che; dayprajAnuM zuM thayuM te jethI ItihAsane pAne pharIne temanuM darzana adazya thavA mATe nIcenI kalama naM. 7 juo. jyAre kanojavALA pAmyuM che. A yuddhanI keTalIka hakIkatanuM varNana pu. 3 bhUpALAmAM samrATa harSavardhana mahAparAkramI thayo hato. pR. 390-91 upara ApaNe karI paNa batAvyuM che. paNa te nirvaza gujarI javAthI tenI gAdI tenI (8) cavhANa vaMzIonuM rAjya pUra jozamAM cAlI bahenanA vaMzamAM gaI hatI. tenA banevInuM nAma rahyuM hatuM, tyAre vacce (juo pR. 191 upara temanI gRharmana hatuM, te maukharI jAtano (samajAya che ke vaMzAvaLI; temAM jyAre AThamA dAmasena ane navamA teo magadhanA saMtrInI eka zAkhA hoya chekadAca yazodAmana vacce keTalI ye nAmadhArI vyaktio thaI gaI mauryakSatriyanI peTAzAkhA paNa hoya) kSatriya hate. che tyAre) zake 158 thI 161 sudhI=I. sa. 261thI gRharmanane putra bhogavarmana ane teno putra yazovarmana 264 nA traNa varSanA gALAmAM Abhira jAtino thayo. A yazovarmananA tathA tenA putra AmradevanA samaye Izvaradatta nAme temane thayo hato tene godAvarI siddhasena divAkara, bappabhaTTasUri, vAkapatirAja Adi mukha AgaLanA pradeza upara hakumata calAvavA nImyo vidvAno thaI gayAnuM 7 ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe. hato. te pitAnA uparI rAjakartAonI nabaLAine A yazovarmana bahu parAkramI thayo hato tethI vikramA- lAbha laIne svataMtra banyA hatA tathA teNe mahAkSatrapada dityanuM birUda tene maLyuM hatuM. I. I. dhAraNa karI pitAno vaMza calAvyo hato. jo ke A () 4. 6 nI dalIlavALA teramANe atipati Abhira rAjAo bahu prakAzitapaNe bahAra AvyA banyA pachI, tathA tenA maraNa bAda tenA putra dekhAtA nathI, kemake temanA uparIo avaMtipati mihirale. pitAnA tAbAnI AkhI prajA upara tarIke jIvatA jAgatA beThA hatA ja. paNuM guptavaMzIjeTalo banyo teTale trAsa ane julama vartAvyo enI chevaTanI sattA pAchI jayAre kumAragupta bIjAnA hato. gAma luMTI karIne bALI nAMkhI ujajaDa samaye nabaLI paDI ke, te samayano je Abhirapati banAvyAM hatAM tathA akathanIya damana calAvyuM gayA dharasena hatuM teNe gAdInA sthAna uparathI saiphaTaka hatA je uparathI prajAe saMgaThita thaIne88 I. sa. vaMzanuM nAma dhAraNuM karI, vizeSa svataMtrapaNe rAjya 31-3 mAM Abu parvata upara maMtraNuM calAvI jalma karavA mAMDayuM hatuM. A sarva hakIkata pu. 3 pR. 35 thI karanArI rAjasattAno sAmano karavAno niradhAra karyo 384 sudhImAM jaNAvI devAI che. (86) A vaMzanI nAmAvaLI mATe pu. 1 5. 187nI (89) A cAra zAkhAnAM nAma tathA temane lagatI TIkAmAM juo. tathA temane lagatI anya hakIkta mATe keTalIka bIjI hakIkata vize pu. 3 pR. 390 TI. 5. 3 pR. 391 ane te pAnA uparanI TI. naM. 25 juo. naM. 22 juo. (87) juo pu. 3 pR. 72 tathA 212 ahIMthI rAjapUtanI utpatti thayAnuM noMdhI zakAze. (88) sAmAnya ApattikALe, prajAe ApasaApasanA samajAya che ke atyAra sudhI je kArya kSatriyavarga upADI sarva bhedabhAva bhUlI jaIne tathA saMgaThita banIne, trAsa rahyo hato te kAryanI suprata-havethI prajA rakSaNanI cokI nI sattA sAme kevI rIte jhajhumavuM paDe che ane pariNAme karavAnA prathAnI svazIre upADI levAnI pratijJA agninI phatehane kevI rIte varAya che tene A eka daSTAMta samaja, sAkSIe A rAjapUtavarge karI lIdhI hatI,

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tRtIya paccheida ] upara pramANe uttara ane madhya hiMdanuM prakhara zaktizALI ane jenuM nAma sAMbhaLatAM paNa duzmane kaMpArI chUTatI hatI tevuM avaMtinuM sAmrAjya I. sa. pAMcamI sadInA aMte veravikhera thai javA pAmyuM hatuM. te eTale sudhI ke te samaya bAda 'avaMtinuM sAmrAjya' evA zabdo ItihAsamAMthI bhU'sAI ja gayA kahevAze; matalaba ke pUrvanA magadha sAmrAjye jema mauryakSatriyanI sattAnA jhaMDA chellA upADIne pachI kASTanI svataMtratA kabUla rAkhI nathI, tema A ati sAmrAjye paNa guptavaMzI samrATanI ekachatrI sattA pheMkI dIdhA pachI bIjA kAI samartha ane svataMtra rAjyanI jhUMsarIneA bhAra vahana karyAM nathI. sAmrAjyane adale nAnAM zaktizALI rAjyAnA zAsana A bannee jarUra bhAgavyAM che kharAM, paraMtu sAmrAjya tarIkenI temanI mahattA je hatI te teA gaI te gaI ja i. sa. 31thI 01 DasIjha pahelA 7 thI 103 kaDasIjha khIjo 103thI 126 kaniSka pahelA 103thI 117 kSatrapa dhvameAtika 103 103 106 112 116-7 117-132 121 samayanI satyatA 126-32 213 A chellA pArigrAphanI A kalameAmAM ApaNe aneka navAM tattvA jAhera karyA che tathA cAlu hiMdI itihAsamAM tuTatI sAMkaLeA kayAM AgaLa sAMdhI zakAya tema che te sarva saMkSiptamAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che. vaLI kuzAnavaMza ane cavaMzane lagatI aneka hakIkatA temanA vRttAMtamAM banatI kAzISathI purAvA tathA dalIle| ApIne sAbita karI ApI che. eTale bhAratIya ItihAsanA aMdhakAramaya gaNAtA phUTa praznonA temAMthI ukela jo nIkaLI Avaze te mArA prayatna saphaLa thayela mAnIza. pahelAnA) mathurAnA ( sadarane ) kSatrapa metikanuM maraNa thatAM, te nImAyA pada upara tenA putra caRNu caNunuM kSatrapapada mANikathAlanA zilAlekha kaniSka pahelAne) sikalase+---jIka (rAjA dareka pustakanA aMtamAM saMpurNa mAhitI sAthe . samayAvaLI gAThavAya che, tema A pustakamAM paNa karavAnI tA che ja. paraMtu A navama khaMDanuM pariNAma turatA turata najare lai zakAya te mATe tevI eka saMkSipta samayAvaLI nIce utArI che. 127 128 131 132 132 kaniSka kuzAna saMvatanI sthApanA pahelAe karI caRNuzakanI sthApanA I. sa. 143mAM cakraNe pAte karI che. paNa tene AraMbha peAtAnA pitA kSatrapa kSamAtike jyArathI 132-142 rAjasattA grahaNa karI tyArathI gaNyA che sAranAthanA zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka 132-142 136 142 142 142 142-152 IsApuranA zilAlekha (rAjA vAsiSThanA) kaniSka khIjAtA janma sAMcIneA zilAlekha (rAjA vAsiSkanA) mathurAnA zilAlekha ( sadarane) caNu kSatrapane mahAkSatrapapade caDAvavAmAM AvyA (jo vAsiSkanA maraNu samaye thaye| hAya teA) RNunA mahAkSatrapa paneA samaya (rAjA kuzAna bIjAnI sagIra vayamAM) kuzAna khInnanI sagIrAvasthAmAM, rAjA haviSNu ejaMTa tarIke mathurAtA zilAlekha (huviSNunA sAdA rAjakartAnA payukta ) kaniSka bIjAnA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA tathA te samaye mahAkSatrapa caNune svataMtratAnI bakSIsa maLI kaniSka khIjAnI sAthe caRNunI mUrti nIkaLI che tenA nirmANa kALa caoSNu avaMtipati banyA caoSNu; avaMtinA rAjA tarIke

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keTalIka samayAvaLI [ navama khaMDa 142-198 kaniSka bIje mathurApati tarIke 154 144. ArAne zilAlekha (kaniSka bIjAne, mahArAjAdhirAja pada yukta) 163 145 caSThaNe aMdhrapatine harAvIne tuMgabhadrA 199-236 sudhI haThAvI mUkyo 236-282 152 caThaNanuM maraNa-jayadAmana mahAkSatrapa () 15ra jayadAmananuM maraNa () rUdradAmana mahA- 282 kSatrapa banyo 15ra-175 rUdradAmana mahAkSatrapanuM rAjya vakano zilAlekha (mahArAjAdhirAja haviSkano) mathurAno zilAlekha ( sadarana ) . vAsudeva pahelAno rAjyakALa kuzanavaMzanA sAta aMtima rAjAono rAjavahIvaTa guptavaMzanA AdyapurUSe kuzAna vaMzane aMta ANyo tathA pote mathurApati banyo

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dakSiNa hiMda dazama khaMDa

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jAmanagaranA nAmathaka mAnavAhaka jahAja nAma da za ma khaMDa prathama pariccheda cekI vaMzanI utpatti tathA vibhAgo (1) kSemarAja (2) vRddhirAja dvitIya pariccheda (3) khAla; bhikhurAja; dharmarAja nAmanA tRtIya pariccheda (khAravela cAlu) hAthIguphAne zilAlekha caturtha pariccheda (khArela cAlu) mahAvijaya prAsAda ane jagannAthapurInI mUtio khama paMcama pariccheda (khAravela cAlu) (4) vakrIva (5) mayuradhvaja cedI vaMzane aMta mana c - 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - tArA gAtA gAtA gAtA

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prathama pariccheda cedivaMza TUMkasAra --cedeiza--pustaka pahelAmAM Apela vananA sakSipta sAra ApI atrenA vivecana sAthe joDI Apela anusaMdhAna--cedi nAmane (deza tathA vaMza khannenA ) paraspara saMbaMdha tathA temanI utpattinI ApelI samaja--cedi nAma nathI kAI dezanuM, jJAtinuM ke sthAnanuM, chatAM te nAma kema astitvamAM AvyuM tenAM Apela anumAne--cedi vaMzanA traNa vibhAgeAne Apela khyAla-cedi dezanI sImAnuM Apela varNana--karaka'Du mahArAjAnA maraNathI mAMDIne rAjA kSemarAjanA rAjyArabha sudhInI kaliMga dezanI rAjakIya paristhitine Apela citAra-- (1) kSemarAja--tenA vaMzanI Apela samaja tathA mahAmeghavAhana sAthe joDI batAvela kuTuMba saMbaMdha--tenAM umara, rAjyakALa tathA rAjyavistAranI karela carcA tenA pATanagaranuM khatAvela sthAna tathA tenI pherabadalI sAthe tenA dharmanI prabhAvikatAnA batAvela saMbaMdha----naMdivardhane kaliMga upara caDhAI karI hatI tenA hetu rAjakIya phe dhArmika, tenI karela carcA (2) zuddhirAja--tenuM jIvanavRttAMta~~

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228 divaMza ane [ dazama khaMDa mAthe uThAvela sakaLa bhAratIya itihAsanA Ale- mULa vatanIonI sAthe ghATA paricayamAM AvI rahyA khanamAMnA eka hajAra varSamAM je je rAjyoe potAnI hatA. pariNAme temanA rItarivAjo ane rAharasa kArakIrdI uttarahiMdamAM sthApI hatI pelA parAjIta thaI rahela mULavatanImAM Ame ja thavA na te te sarvenA vaMzane lagate hevAla maMDaLyA hatA. ane haMmezAM niyama che ke, je rAjA tevI atyAra sudhI ApaNe raju karI prajA, te pramANe zAsita prajA zAsakaprajAnA jevI ja gayA chIe. atra nAnA moTA sarve rAjyanuM varNana rItabhAtamAM ane raheNIkaraNImAM pharI javA lAgI hatI. pUruM thAya che. sagavaDatAnA kAraNe tathA barAbara samajI eTale je anArya hatI te kramekrame Arya thaI gaI zakAya te sAra tenA nava khaMDa pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. have eTaluM ja nahIM paNa ekabIjAne bheda hato te bhUMsAte ApaNe uttara hiMda choDIne vidhyApavatanI dakSiNe Avela gayo ane pachI te anArya kone kahevAya te ja eka bhAga, jene dakSiNadi tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che keyaDa banI rahyo. matalaba ke sArAe dakSiNaviMda tenuM varNana hAtha dharIzuM. saMskArI banI jatAM, temAM paNa pAMcamA ArAnI vistAra ane kSetraphaLanI dRSTie jotAM, uttaraviMda asara pravezavA mAMDI; jamIna prAptinI lAlasA uddabhavI ane dakSiNahiMda bhale lagabhaga sarakhA che ema kahI arasaparasa laDavA mAMDayuM. jayaparAjayanI kiMmata aMkAvA zakAze. chatAM uttara hiMdamAM rAjakartAvaMzanuM tathA tenA mAMDI; keNa utarate, keNa halake, keNu khaMDiye, kevuM aneka anusaMdhAneAnuM je vaividhya dekhAyuM che tevuM A uparI tathA kANuM meTo ke keNu nAne; tevI tevI dakSiNahiMdanA varNanamAM ApaNane dekhAze nahIM. tenAM bhAvanAno janma thaI gayo. ane temAMthI rAjavaMza aneka kAraNo che. prathama najare saMskRtinuM kAraNa ubhA thayA. laie. saMskAradaSTino vicAra karIzuM to pu. 1nA prathama ke ApaNe ahIM saMskRti vizenuM varNana karavA parisare ja jaNAvI gayA chIe ke uttarahiMda te samaye beThA nathI. paraMtu upara pramANe dakSiNahiMdamAMnA AyaMdeza tarIke oLakhAto hato ane dakSiNahida anAryano palaTo AryamAM thayAnuM jANavuM. te parivartana anAryadeza tarIke jANItuM hatuM. eTale ke ekamAM Arya karanAra tatvanuM bIja AryamAMthI eTale ke uttarasaMskRti saMpUrNa daraje khIlI rahI hatI jyAre bIjAmAM hiMdamAMthI ja AveluM kahevAya. rAjakAraNane vicAra tene taddana abhAva ja hatA; nahIM ke tenAthI ulaTa karatAM, uttarahiMdanA rAjakartAoe dakSiNamAM pitAnuM prakAranI hatI. paraMtu jema jema eka bIjAnA pari. Adhipatya jamAvyA bAda, te pradezamAM tene vahIvaTa cayamAM AvavAne saMjogoe yArI ApI tema tema calAvavAne pitAnA sUbAo nImavAnuM dhoraNuM cAlu pahelAnI saMskRtie bIjAnA upara pitAnI chApa karyuM hatuM. A sUbAo keTalAka prasaMge pitAnI ja jamAvavA mAMDI. eTale te bIjAe tenAthI mohita jAtinA anyajano ane keTalAkamAM te potAnA aMgata thaIne tene grahaNa karavA mAMDI tathA dhIme dhIme ane nikaTanA sagapaNa dharAvanAra paNa hatA. paraMtu pitAmAM khUba khUba utArI dIdhI. jenA pariNAme te rAjyalobha jyAM pragaTa thAya che tyAM koI prakArano paNa Arya tarIke oLakhAtI thaI gaI. upara pramANe baMdha tene naDate nathI, tyAM to kevaLa svArtha ane AryasaMskRtine pravAha anArya pradezamAM pesI javA Apamatalaba kema sadhAya teja nIti pradhAnapaNe vata lAgyo hato tenA kAraNumAM rAjakIya sthiti ja kahI rahe che. eTale je subApade nImAyA hatA teo jema jema zakAya. kemake uttarahidanA je rAjavaMze dakSiNa upara sagavaDa paDatI gaI tema tema svataMtra banI beThA. A svAmitva meLavavA caDAI laI gayA hatA teoe uparathI samajAze ke dakSiNahiMdamAM paNa moTebhAge tyAM jIta meLavIne pitAnAM saMsthAno vasAvavA mAMDyAM rAjakIya aMkuza te uttarahidane ja hatA, paraMtu gheDa hatAM eTale tyAM temane kAyamI vasavATa thavAne lIdhe, bhAgamAM svataMtra adhikAra bhogavanArane ubhava paNa

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prathama pariccheda ]. cedi dezano ItihAsa 229 thaI javA pAmyo hato. A kAraNathI uttarahiMdanA tene rAjagAdIe besAravAmAM Avyo hato. tenuM karatAM dakSiNahiMdane ItihAsa eTale badhe aTapaTIe prAsaMgika nAma mahArAjA karakaMDu hatuM. vaLI teja pustake ane gucavaNakartA nathI. uparAMta svataMtra adhikArIpade pR. 178thI 148 sudhI mahAkeza urphe aMga-kuzasthaLa birAjIta thanAra varga, saMkhyAmAM paNa jaja ja rahe, dezanuM varNana ApyuM che. temAM ema sAbita karI gayA eTale tyAMnA rAjakartAnA vaMza Ame e9pa saMkhyAmAM ja chIe ke tyAMnA dadhivAhana rAjAnI padmAvatI rANInA kahevAya. tevA vaMzane AMka paNa je nAnA moTA peTe A karakaMDune janma thayo hato. paNa kALanI gaNavA besIe to ghaNee thaI jAya, paraMtu ApaNe vicitratAnA aMge te potAnA janaka ane jananIthI te je varNana karavAnuM rahe che te sAmrAjya jevA vikhuTo paDIne upara jaNAvyA pramANe kaliMgapati thaI ati vistAravALI bhUminA aMdhaSThAtA banavA pAmyA cheThe hato. paraMtu AgaLa jatAM ane rAjadvArI kAraNa hoya tevAnuM. eTale tevA to atie95 ja gaNAze. upasthita thatAM. paDozI rAjyanA svAmi evA ApaNe kahI daie ke mAtra be vaMza ja tevA che. eka pitAnA ja pitA, uparokta mahAkezala urphe aMgapati keliga sAmrAjyano ane bIjo AMdhra sAmrAjyane. dadhivAhananA rAjya upara tene AkramaNa laI javuM prathamavALA sAmrAjyanA bhaktone ceMdavaMza tarIke, paDayuM hatuM. A be rAjya vacce mahAyuddha jAmI paDe ane bIjAnA bhakatAne zatavahanavaMza tarIke ItihAsa- te agAu, tenI jAtrI ane rAjA dadhivAhananI kAroe oLakhAvela che. tethI ApaNe A be vaMzane rANI padmAvatI ke jeNIe karakaMDu galamAM ane tyArathI ja ItihAsa have Alekhavo raheze. jenadIkSA aMgikAra karI lIdhI hatI, teNIne jJAnabaLe vistAranI dRSTie ja vicArIzuM te A bemAMthI A yuddhanI ane temAM nipajatA manuSya saMhAranI jANa prathama naMbara eka kALe divaMzane ja Ave che, paraMtu thavAthI tarata tyAM AvI caDI hatI tathA banne rAjA rAjakIya kAba jaLavAI rahyAnA samayanI apekSAe enI arasaparasa oLakha karAvI. bApa dIkarAnuM vicArIzuM te uco naMbara zatavAhanavaMzane AvI paDe sagapaNa jAhera karyuM hatuM. pariNAme dadhivAhananA rAjyane che. eTale kAnuM varNana prathama hAtha dharavuM te eka uttarAdhikArI paNa mahArAjA karakaMDu thayA hatA. eTale prazna rahe che. paraMtu je samaye vaMzanI Adi thavA pAmI have pote vaMza ane kaliMgadeza uparAMta aMgadezane paNa hoya tenI gaNatrIe jyAre ApaNe uttarahidamAM kAma svAmI thavAthI, te pitAne trikaliMgAdhipati kahelevAnuM kAMika dharaNu aMgikAra karIne jALavI rAkhyuM varAvavA lAgyo hato. A pramANe rAjya vistAranI che, tyAre ahIM paNa teja prathAne vaLagI rahIne apekSA hoya ke kaliMgadezanI rAjakIya mahattAne aMge prathamamAM ApaNe cedivaMzanuM vRttAMta AdaravuM rahe che. hoya ke pachI jyAMthI pitAnA jIvanane utkarSa thayo cedivasa - tenuM gaurava jALavI rAkhavAnI buddhie heya; traNamAMthI pu. 1mAM kaliMgadezanuM varNana ApatAM pR. 163thI game te kAraNa hoya ke traNe ekatritapaNe kAma karI rahyAM 176mAM sAbita karI gayA chIe ke te pradezano eka haya, paraMtu teNe pitAne kaliMgapati ja hovAnuM jAhera samayano rAjA rakhaputro maraNa rIte jaNAvyuM che; tathA pitAnA vaMzanI oLakha, have pUrvane TUMka pAmavAthI dezanA rItarivAja jANavAmAM AvI gaI che te pramANe cedinA nAmathI paricaya pramANe paMcadivya sahita hAthaNI (AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM adhikArI varNavavAmAM Avyo pheravavAmAM AvI hatI ane je che) rAkhI lIdhI. temaja pitAnuM nAma pitAnA pitA purUSane zIre jaLa kaLaza saMpUrNa ThalavavAmAM Avyo hato dadhivAhananA nAmane anusaratuM kahevAya evuM meghavAhana (1) triliMga zabdanA vizeSa nirUpaNa mATe A khaMDamAM AgaLa upara jue.

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230 nAma dhAraNa karI lIdhuM. matalaba ke A samayathI peAtAne trikaliMgAdhipati, cedivaMzI mahArAnta meghavAhanane tarIke te oLakhAvavA lAgyA hatA. tyArabAda pote saMsArathI virakta thaI, jainadIkSA laIne pratyekazuddha thaI mekSe gayA hatA ane tene kAi putra nahIM hovAthI, tenuM rAjya te vakhatanA magadhapati zreNike peAtAnA mulakamAM bheLavI lIdhuM hatuM. eTale tyArathI itihAsamAM ' aMga-magadhA 'zabdanA prayAga vaparAtA thavA lAgyo hatA. tyAM sudhInuM vaSa~na ApaNe prathama pustakamAM kAMika vistArapUrvaka jaNAvI dIdhuM che, tyAra pachI zuM thayuM te have vicArIe. ' di nAmanI pustaka 1mAM (jue pR. 28 tathA 124) jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke, maMtrojI nAme kSatrayanI mukhya jAti hatI. tenA peTA vibhAge lagabhaga 18nI saMkhyAmAM hatA. temAM licchavI, matla, zAkavya, Adine samAveza thatA hatA; vaLI AgaLa upara ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke (juo pu. 1 pR. 377) kaba, ceAlA, pAMDavA i. paNa temAMthI ja utpanna thayA hatA; tathA pu. 2mAM moM caMdraguptanA vanamAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke, navIna mauryAM je dakSiNaviMdamAM prasaravA lAgyA hatA te mULe mArya mAMthI ja udbhavyA hatA. vaLI cujhukAnaMda, mULAnaMda vigere paNa naMdavaMzanA bhUpationI zAkhArUpe gaNAya tema che, kemake AMdravaMzane sthApaka rAjA zimukha poteja naMda khIjo urpha mahApadmanA kuMvara hatA, (AmAMnI keTalIka hakIkata pu. 1, tathA ramAM prasaMgeApAta AvI gai che. paraMtu vistArapUrvaka zatavahanavaMzanA vRttAMte lakhavAnI che) ane tenA aMga tarIke ja balke tenA sUbA tarIke A cuTukAnaMda, mULAnaMda hatA. vaLI mahArathI, rASTrI, bhejakA, i. paNa A prajAmAMnA ja aMge che eTale di nAmanI utpatti [ dazama khaMDa kadAca temanA peTA vibhAgeAmAMnA hoya ke kadAca mULa saMtrojI kSatriyAnI aDhAra jAtimAMnA paNa heAya. game te pramANe temanA vibhAga ane peTAvibhAganI vaheMcaNI thavA pAmI hAya, paraMtu eTaluM ceAkkasa che ke, saMtrIjI kSatriyAnuM prAbalya uttarahiMdanA rAjakartA tarIkenuM ati vipula pramANamAM hatuM. saMbhava che ke aMgapati daSivAhana rAjA teja pramANe saMtrIjInI aDhAramAMnI krAI peTAjAtine haze, paraMtu te aMtanuM nAma zuM hatuM te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. eTale tenA putra mahArAjA karakaMDu, jete A vaMzanA sthApaka ApaNe have lekhA rahe che tenI tita kaI kahevI te paNa aApa paryaMta aMdhArAmAM ja che ema samajavuM. eTale caMda nAma koI kSatriyanI ekAda mukhya zAkhAnuM ke peTAzAkhAnuM hAya ema mAnavAne hAla te ApaNe AMcakA khAve paDaze. tyAre A di nAma zI rIte vaparAzamAM AvyuM ? A nAma gautamabuddhanA samaye paNa jANItuM nahIM hAya ema samajavuM rahe che. kemake te jANItuM thayuM hAta tA bauddha graMthamAM tenA ullekha chUTathI thayA vinA na raheta. vaLI je pradezA upara mahArAjA karakaMDune rAjaamala tapatA thayeA hateA temAMnA kAinuM nAma tevuM hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. te dezanAM nAma te, aMga, vaMza ane kaliga evAM hatAM. temaja te dezomAMnAM, kAi nagara, purI, killA, parvata ke evA kArya sthaLanuM nAma tevuM heAya tema paNa jaNuMAyuM nathI. eTale eka ja kalpanA para javAya che ke, jema aneka rAntanAM, dezanAM ke vastunAM nAmeA, koIka banAva athavA saMyeAgAdhina joDI kaDhAyAM che tema A ceThe nAma vize paNa kadAca banyuM hAvuM joie. mArUM anumAna eka hakIkata upara phare che; te e ke, mahArAjA karakaMDune je saMyAgAmAM rAjaprApti thai che te jo tapAsIyuM tA tyAM spaSTa jaNAvyuM che ke, tene (2) meghavAhana te vyaktigata nAma jema che tema bi paNa che. sela'kI vazanA gurjarapati rAjA kumArapALa paNa medhavAhana kahevAtA hatA. (3) je magadhamAM te dezane zreNika bheLavI lIdhA hoya te, tyAM A kaliMgava zanI (te dezanA rAjainA va'zanI) samApti thaI gai herAya athavA jo kaliMgapatine magadhapatinA kha DiyA banAvAyA hoya te te vaMza cAlu rahyo gaNAya. viSayanI carcA ApaNe AgaLa karavAnI che. te rAnna kSemarAjanA vRttAMte jue,

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prathama paricoda 1. utpatti vize 231 vilApa gAdI maLavAnI AgAhI-bhaviSya vANuM-eka vaMzanA A meghavAhana rAjAnuM rAjaya I. sa. pU. 537mAM vAMsanA) chedana uparathI bhAkhavAmAM AvI che. jethI pUruM thayuM che. te aputri hovAthI gaNataMtra rAjyanI karIne te dezanuM nAma "vaMza" pADavAmAM AvyuM paddhati e, magadhanA sAmrAjyanA heya (athavA te pradezamAM vaMzanI utpatti bahu ja cedi vaMzanA traNa eka aMga tarIke tene vahIvaTa pramANamAM thatI hoya ane te aMge tenuM nAma vaMza vibhAgo rAjA zreNike saMbhALI lIdho paDI gayuM hoya) ane vaMzanuM chedana karavAmAM AvyuM hato. tene lagatuM thoDuMka varNana tethI "di " athavA apabhraMza thatAM vehi evuM nAma pu. 1mAM pR. 16-174 sudhImAM apAI gayuM che. tenA vaMzanuM dhAraNa karAyuM hoya. matalaba e thaI ke, vaLI vizeSa samajUni, AgaLa upara kSemarAjanA dezane (country) ane vaMzanuM (dynastic)-banAM varNanamAM ApavAnI che. atra eTaluM jaNAvavuM rahe nAme (aa deza ane vevi vaMza)nI utpatti eka ja che ke te gaNa paddhatine dhIme dhIme nAza thato jato kALe thaI gaNAya. A kAraNane lIdhe ja, prAcIna hato. badhe ema kahe ke, jyArathI kukane rAjyabauddha graMthomAM ke vadika sAhityamAM. te bemAMthI vistAra vadhAravAne lebha lAge tyArathI te paddhatine kenuM nAma najare paDatuM nathI. eTale samajAya che kuThAra paDayo hato ane tenA putra udAyane dakSiNa ke je mulakamAM A cedi vaMzanA rAjAno rAjaamala sudhInA deza jatI moTuM sAmrAjya banAvyuM tyAre te cAlato hato tenuM nAma "cedi deza" paDI gayuM lAge te prathA taddana lupta ja thaI gaI hatI. udAyane pachI che. bAkI kharI rIte te "cedi' te nathI koI dezanuM anurUddhane vahIvaTa cAlyo ane tenA maraNa bAda nAma ke nathI koI jJAtinuM nAma ke nathI ke A sthaLanuM (I. sa. pU. 474) muMdano adhikAra Avyo. paraMtu nAma. mAtra saMyogavazAta kAlpanika rIte ja te utpanna A rAja aMta nabaLo hovAthI. tema tenuM citta karavAmAM AvyuM dekhAya che. eTale cedivaMzanI rAjakAjamAM cAMTatuM nahIM hovAthI AkhAe sAmrAjyamAM sthApanA ItihAsanI dRSTie, je gaNIe te, TaMTA, bakheDA ane baLavA jevI sthiti thaI rahI jyArathI medhavAhana kaliMgapati thayo tyArathI thaI hatI. te samayano lAbha laI, mahArAjA karakaMkunA gaNAya. ane te banAva i. sa. pU. 558mAM banyo vaMzanA koI avazeSa, kSemarAjanA nAma nIce kaliMganI che. sAra e thayuM ke cedi vaMzanI sthApanA I. sa. pU. lagAma potAnA hAthamAM laI svataMtrapaNe vahIvaTa 558mAM medhavAhana rAjAe karI hatI. calAvavA mAMDayo hato. A bAbatane IsAre paNa (4) vaidika graMthomAM ema hakIkta nIkaLe che ke, je graMthamAM charA ke IlAnA vaMzane ulekha thayela mAlama nAmanA loko hAlamAM birA-varADa tathA prAcIna samaye paDe che te mATe juo khAravelanA vRttAMta ) jaina graMthamAM vidarbha nAmathI je jANIto hatuM tyAMnA vatanI hatA ce ideza ghaNuM prAcIna samayathI maLe che. (juo jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka pu. 3 pR. 373); vaLI (5) A banAvane samaya pu. 1mAM traNa prakAre jaNAvAya buka opha enzanTa IrAjha (kaniMgahAmakRta)mAM prastAvanA che (juo samayAvaLImAM 559nI sAla) eka 565, bIje 5. 9 upara jaNAvAyuM che ke kalacurIvaMzanA cedirAjAe 563; ane trIje 55-558; paraMtu pAkI gaNatrI karatAM je thayA che teo mULe chattIsagaDha ane bastara rAjyavALA te 558-9 hovAnuM lAge che. pradezanA vatanI hatA tathA temanI rAjadhAnInuM zahera hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM darzAvela AMka 103ne je cedibAramadeva hatuM, tyArathI dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhIne jabalapura sa vatana TharAvAya te, uparanA hisAbe tene samaya 565sudhI AvI pahoMcyA hatA. A be hakIktathI khAtrI 103=I. sa. pUrve 465, 460 ane 456 Avaze. Ane thaze ke, vaidika graMthanI cUta prajAnA vaMzane ane ItihAsamAM lagatI vizeSa carcA AgaLa upara hAthIguphAnA lekhanA jANItA thayela cedivaMzane saMbaMdha nathI ja. vaLI vaidika vAta karIzuM.

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ceDhiyAnA vibhAgA 32 ApaNe pu. 1mAM uparanA ja ThekANe karI dIdhA che. A banAvane ApaNe ceviMzanA punarUddhAra tarIke gaNAvIzuM. A uparathI samajAze ke cedivaMzanA vahIvaTanA traNa vibhAga paDI gayA che. (pahelA) rAjA meghavAhane sthApanA karI tyArathI tenuM maraNu nIpajayuM ane rAnta zreNike magadha sAmrAjyamAM kaliMgane bheLavI lIdhA tyAMsudhIne eTale i. sa. pU. 558thI 537=2 1 varSaAA; (bIjo) uparanA samayathI mAMDIne rAjA kSemarAje svataMtra banI punarUddhAra karyo tyAMsudhI eTale I. sa. pU. 537thI 4746=63 varSanA. ane (trIjo) kSemarAjanA peAtAnA vaMzanA je ApaNe A pari Mde jANIzuM ke I. sa. pU. 361mAM khatama thayeA che eTale A trIjA vibhAganA rAmaya I.sa.pU. 474 thI 361 sudhInA 113 varSaneA kahI zakAze. ane traNe vibhAganA ekaMdara samaya gaNIe tA 21+3+113=197 varSane kahI zakAze. A prakaraNamAM ApaNe A trIjA eTale chellA vibhAganA ja vRttAMta lakhavAnA che. temAM Ama te pAMca rAjA thayA che paraMtu cothA rAjAnuM i. sa. pU. pharamAM maraNa thatAM AkhuMe sAmrAjya te samayanA magadhapati caMdragupta mArce peAtAnA mulakamAM bheLavI lIdhuM hatuM. eTale te hisAbe punarjIvana prApta karela cedivaMzanA trIjA vibhAganuM AyuSya upara jaNAvela 114 varSane badale 103-4nuM ja ane sarve samaya 197ne badale 187-8 varSanA gaNI zakAze. A pramANe jyAre 103tA mAMka A vaMzanI AyuSya (6) mahArAjA kSemarAjane samaya zI rIte A turda meM TharAvyo che (kemake vidvAneAe teA i. sa. pU. nI khIjI sadI TharAvI che) tenI gheADIka sUcanA pu. 1mAM cerdivaMzanI hakIkata lakhatAM karI gayA chuM. vizeSa carcA A khaMDamAM AgaLa upara khAravelanA vRttAMta karavAnI che. atre eTaluM jaNAvI zakIe ke hAthIgu'phAmAM je 103ne AMka che. te upara A AkhIe carcAnuM mULa arvalakheluM che. [ dazama khaMDa. derInA nIkaLe che tyAre kAInA manamAM kadAca prazna upaje ke, hAthINuMkAnA lekhamAM je 103 AMka lakhAyala che tene A AMka sAthe kAMI saMbaMdha che ke nahIM ? te jaNAvavAnuM ke teya banavA saMbhava nathIja. kemake hAthIguphAnA lekhanA kartA rAjA khAravela che. tene kAMi khabara na ja hoI zake ke, tenA maraNa bAda tenA vaMza keTalA vakhata sudhI cAlu rahevAnA che, sivAya ke kAI jayotirdhare bhaviSyavANI kahI saMbhaLAvI hAya. tema banavA saMbhava nathI eTale kahevuM paDaze ke 103nA AMka sAthe A mInAne parasparamAM saMbaMdha nathI ja. uparamAM nirdiSTa thayA pramANe jema cedivaMzanA traNa vibhAga pADI batAvAya che tema bIjI rIte paNa pADI batAvAya che. vidvAnAnI kalpanA A pramANe hAya ema dekhAya che. paraMtu te vAstavika nathI ema tenI hakIkata jANyA pachI vAcaka pAte ja svayaM samajI zakaze. vAta ema che ke, hAthINuMkAneA karyAM rAjA khAravela pote, upara jaNAvela rAjA kSemarAjA vaMzaja che eTale ke ApaNI gaNatrIe jene cedi vaMzane trIjo vibhAga TharAvAyeA che temAM thayela che. te vibhAgane vidvAnAe prathama vibhAga lekhAvyeA che; jyAre khIjo vibhAga I. sa. 249mAM thayAnuM ane trIjo vibhAga i. sa.nI agiyAramI sadImAM thayAnuM mAne che. pAchalA kheteA saMbaMdha prathamavALAnI sAthe A pramANe joDI zakAya tema che. rAjA kSemarAjavALA vibhAga, I. sa. pU. 372 kahe! ke 361 kahA paNa te samaye baMdha thai gayA hatA ane cedeiza magadhane tAme cAlyA gayA hatA eTaluM (7) ApaNI gaNatrI sAcI che tenI khAtrI mATe hAthIguphAnuM varNana jue. rAjA khAvela pAte ja kahe che ke, te trIjI zAkhAmAM pete thayA che (dhyAna rAkhavuM ke trIjI zAkhA che, nahIM ke trIjo purUSa che) jIe paMkti trIjI. (8) ahIM cedeiza nAma lakhyuM che. kaliMgadeza nathI lakhyuM. kAraNa ke vRttAMta cAle che. ceviMzanA vibhAganuM eTale cerdeiza upara bhAgavatA hukumatavALAnuM; pachI te *liMgapati hoya ke magadhapati heya te ApaNe jovAnuM nathI.

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prathama paricheda ] nI samajAtI 233 nakkI ja che. magadhapati mairya rAjAnI samApti thayA tvane kAMI saMbaMdha ja nahato, chatAM zA mATe tene bAda cedidaza zatavahana vaMzIonI ANamAM cAlo saMbaMdha joDI kaDhA haze tenI samajaNa paDatI nathI, gayo hato. tyAMsudhI cedivaMzane keAI rAjabIja- game te kAraNa banyuM hoya paNa A IzvaradattanA samayane avazeSa tarIke jhaLakI uThayAnuM ItihAsamAM jaNAyuM tathA vaMzane cedideza sAthe joDIne bIjA vibhAgamAM nathI. paNa zatavAhana vaMzanA ekAda nabaLA rAjA teoe gaNAvyA che ane sAthe sAthe ema TharAvavAmAM pAsethI te deza paDAvI laI avaMtipati caThaNe AvyuM che ke asalanA cedideza upara A kacUrivaMzanA pitAne vahIvaTa jamAvyo hato ane te vaMzamAMthI rAjAo gAdIe AvyA che tathA temane cedisaMvata te dezanI sattA guptavaMzI samrATonA hAthamAM gaI paNa temanA vakhatathI ja10 gaNAya che. hatI. A guptavaMzI samrATonI sattA cedideza upara A bIjo vibhAga kyAre asta thaI gayA te temanI paDatI thaI tyAM sudhI eTale lagabhaga I. sa.nI vize cUpakI pakaDavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu jyArathI pAMcamI sadInA aMta sudhI rahI hatI. chatAM evI I. sa.nI agiyAramI sadImAM kalacurivaMzanA rAjAo mAnyatA pracalita thaI rahI che ke, Izvaradatta cedideza upara rAjya karavA mAMDyA tyArathI trIjo nAmane kaMIka rAjapurUSa thayA che te kalacUrivaMzane vibhAga zarU thayo gaNavAmAM Ave che ane A trIjA hato ane teNe I. sa. 249mAM A pradeza kabaje vibhAge ja cedisaMvatanuM kharuM calaNa karyuM gaNAve che. karI potAno saMvata-cedisaMvata cAlu karyo hato. paraMtu temane vaza kalacUri kahevAto hato ane teo paNa ApaNe pu. 3nA aMte pR. 373thI 84 sudhInA rAjya karatA hatA cedideza upara; eTale te bannenuM pariziSTa zilAlekhanA AdhAre sAbita karI gayA joDANa karIne disaMvatane kalacUrisaMvatanuM nAma ApI chIe ke A Izvaradatta kalacUri nahatuM, paNa te pitAne dIdhuM. bIjI vAta kahI daIe. jyAre ema mAnyatA cAlI Abhira tarIke ja oLakhAvate hato. bAkI te saikuTaka rahI che ke A kacUrieeja cedisaMvatane kharI rIte hato ane tene samaya i. sa. 249 hato teTalI vAta gatimAM mUkI batAvyo che tyAre to e artha laI kharI. vaLI tenI rAjagAdI godAvarI nadInA mukhavALA javAya che ke, prathamanA be vibhAgoe tenI sthApanA pradezamAM hatI. paraMtu te cedipati banyo hato ke kema karelI hatI paNa kaI akaLa kAraNane laIne temaNe te jaNAyuM nathI. saMbhava che ke cedideza te I. sa. potAno saMvata calAvyuM ja nahotA. A pramANe trIja 249mAM jayAre Izvaradatta pitAno saMvata cAlu karyo vibhAgano saMkSipta itihAsa jaNAvAya che. eTale ja che (tenA kAraNa mATe juo pu. 3mAM) tyAra pahelAM pAchaLa sUcavAyalI vidvAnonI mAnyatAne vadhAvI temaja tyArapachI cakaNavaMzIone ane guptavaMzIone levAya te TapaNe ane arthanI bheLaseLa thaI javA tAbe ja hato eTale tene ane cedidezane svAmi- na pAme mATe ema paNa kahI zakAze ke, pahelA be (9) A kacUri rAjAone itihAsamAM saikuTakAga (10) kolojI opha InDIA bAya Dapha pR. 226 tarIke oLakhAvyA che (founded by Ishwardatta juo (i. sa. 249nI hakIkata) temAM graMthakatrIe jaNAvyuM Kalchuri=Izvaradatta kalacUrie tenI sthApanA karI hatI): che ke "A. D. 249 current, Sunday 26th, August A vize vadhAre jANavAnI IcchA hoya teNe, prAMsIDIMs or Asvin sud 1, kaliyuga 3350 expired, opha dhI Aryana sekazana opha dhI sevanya erIenTala epoch of the Chedi Era: Ind. Ant. XVII p* kesa (pR. 216thI AgaLa) nAme rIperTamAM "kenerIjha 215 and 16.I. sa. 149nI sAla cAlu hatI tyAre, 26 nesTI bAya che. phalITavALo nibaMdha je tathA bebe egasTa ravivAre athavA Adhina zukala pratipadAnA divase gejheTIaramAM che. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe 5, 294thI AgaLa athavA kaliyuganuM 3350muM varSa pUruM thaye, cerisaMvate cAla je varNana lakhyuM che te vAMcavuM. thayeH vaLI juo I. e. pu. 17 pR. 21pathI AgaLa." 30

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cedi deza [ dazama khaMDa vibhAgavALAnA samayane kharA cedivaMzanA samaya tarIke kahevAtuM hatuM. vaLI tenI rAjadhAnI, hAla jyAM oLakhAvyo che paraMtu temanA saMvatane cedisaMvatanI boramadeva nAmanuM zahera AveluM che te athavA tenI mAtra upamA ja ApI che. jyAre trIjAne cedidezamAM AsapAsamAM AvelI hatI. mahAkezalane prAcIna vasatI prajAnA-nahI ke divaMzanA-samaya tarIke lekhI graMthamAM kazasthaLa tarIke varNavyo che ane te zabdanI tenA saMvatsarane kharo di saMvatsara gaNAvyo che. vyutpatti jotAM kuzasthaLa nAma sArthaka karato A eTale ke kari rAjAone asalanA meghavAhana pradeza che ja, sAMprata kALe paNa te bhAgamAM jaMgalI vaMzI cedirAjAo sAthe koI jAtano lehIno AvelAM che temaja hiMsaka prANIono vasavATa saMbaMdha hovAnuM batAvAtuM nathI. paraMtu cedideza upara haMmezAM najare paDe che. eTale aMgadezanA temanuM rAjya thayuM che mATe cedivaMzanA ane cedi- dadhivAhanane pitAnI garbhavatI rANI padmAvatInI sAthe saMvatane mAnanArA TharAvAyuM hoya ema dekhAI Ave che. hasti upara ArUDha thaIne kriDAvihAre upaDI gayAnuM AgaLa rAjA karakaMDanA vRttAMte joI gayA chIe (pu. 1 pR. 144) ane tyAMthI pUrvanA pradezamAM keIka ke, je mulaka upara cedivaMzI rAjAonuM prathama bhayAnaka aTavImAM te hasti ekalI rANu sAthe nAsI svAmitva thavA pAmyuM hatuM tenuM gayAnuM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe. te mATe je cedidezanI sImA kharUM nAma te vaMza deza ja hatuM. vaMzadezanI sImA kaniMgahAma sAhebanI uparanI chatAM jyAre ItihAsavidoe mAnyatA pramANe TharAvavAmAM Ave che, te sarva hakIkatane. tenuM nAma cedideza ja pADayuM che tyAre ApaNe paNa samarthana maLI rahe che. 13 eTale vaidika 2 te nAmathI ja tene saMbodhyA karIzuM. te didezanI mahAbhAratanA samaye jene kuzasthaLa ke mahAkAla sImA prathama nakkI karI levA jarUra che. jethI karIne tarIke oLakhAvatA tene I. sa. pU. nI chaThThI sadImAM te cedi vaMzanA rAjakartAomAMthI kenA samaye ko leke vaMzadeza tarIke oLakhatA hatA ane hAla te banAva banyo hato te pAke pAye ApaNe jANI zakIe. pradezamAM chattIsagaDha tAlukA tathA bastara rAjyane sara kaniMgahAma kahe che ke, "Boramdeo, samAveza thato manAya che ema thayuM. eTale te hisAbe the capital in Chhatisgarh or Maha- vaMzadezanI sImAmAM, uttare bihArane cheTAnAgapuravALo Kosal, which formed the old kingdom pradeza tathA revA TeTanuM rAjaya, dakSiNe godAvarI nadInuM of Chedi or Kalchuris=mahAkezala je cedi vaheNa pUrve utkaLa tathA orissA ane pazcime athavA kalayUrinuM prAcIna rAjya hatuM temAM Avela vidarbha tathA aMgadeza14 Avela hato ema samajavuM chattIsagaDhanI rAjadhAnI bAramadeva hatuM." eTale ke rahe che. ApaNuM A kathanane, I. hI. kalai.15nA mukhya prAMtamAM chattIsagaDha tAlukA ane bilAsapura lekhaka paNa saMmata thatA hoya ema jaNAve che ke, tathA rAyapura jIlA tarIke je bhAgane hAla eLakha- The country to the west of Orissa was vAmAM Ave che te pradezane prAcIna samaye mahAkAla known as the Dakshina Kosal or (11) jIo buka opha InDIyana IrAjha prastAvanA pR.9 (13) vidvAne aMgadezane atyAre, baMgALa IlAkAnA, (12) pu. 1 pR. 178 TI. naM. 118 juo kuza= bhAgalapura jIllAvALI bhUmine je TharAve che te, A hakIkata kuranAmanuM ghAsa ane sthaLa eTale ThekANe. te pradezamAM sAthe baMdhabesatI kahevAya ke kema te sarakhAvI jevA kuzanAmanuM dhAsa ati moTA jaththAmAM uge che tethI svabhAvika vinaMti che. rIte ja A pradeza atyaMta jhADIvALe tathA ghADA jaMgala (14) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 13 dharAvanAra ho joIe ema samajI zakAya che. (15) jIo te pustaka sana 1929no aMka 5, 5, 612

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prathama paricheda ] nI sImA 235 Chedi=orisAnI pazcime Avela dezane dakSiNa zizupAlane kRSNa mAryo hato (ja. . e. be. pu. 15); kozala athavA ceda tarIke oLakhatA hatA. paraMtu sarva phayuhararanA mata pramANe dahalamaMDaLa te ja prAcIna viThAno upara pramANe sImA karAvavAmAM eka mata samayana cedi che; keTalAkanA mate temAM buMdelakhaMDano thatA nathI. anya eka vidvAna jaNAve che ke 16 Chedi dakSiNa bhAga tathA jabalapurano uttara bhAga Avate was the country adjoining Bhojkata hato. gupta rAjAnA samaye cedinI rAjadhAnI revAor Avanti on the east=jenI pUrvamAM (pazcimamAM kalejAmAM hatI. cedinuM bIjuM nAma tripurI paNa joIe) bhojakaTa athavA avaMti che tenI lagolagana hatuM"--AvI rIte bhinna bhinna vidvAnoe bhinna pradeza te cediH eTale ke je pradezanI lagolaga bhinna sImAo aTakaLI che. Ama thavAnuM mukhya pazcime avaMtideza AvI lAgyo che te diza. kAraNa e ja dekhAya che ke, keIe cedideza gaNIne emane kahevAno bhAvArtha ema che ke hAlanA hozaMgAbAda kAma lIdhuM che te koIe divaMza lekhIne kAma lIdhuM ane nimAra jalAe tyAM AvelA che tyAMsudhI che. vaLI eka vaMzamAM te aneka rAjAo thAya che tenI hada hatI. paraMtu A mAnyatA barAbara lAgatI tema dareka rAjAnA amalamAM pradezanA vistAra tathA nathI. kemake jene asalamAM vidarbhadeza kahetA ane saMkeca thayA kare te paNa svabhAvika che. eTale, eka i. sa. pU. nI chaThThI sadImAM aMgadeza kahetA hatA temAM cedirAjAnI rAjyasImAM kayAMka sudhI laMbAyelI hoya, A prAMtano samAveza thaI jAya che. vaLI A aMga- te vaLI bIjAnI taddana judI ja dizAmAM nIkaLI dezanI rAjadhAnI caMpAnagarI hatI ke jyAM samrATa jatI paNa dekhAya. AvI sthitimAM bhinna bhina priyadazine potAne rUpanAthano khaDakalekha ubhe sImAo noMdhAI jAya te dekhItuM ja che. bAkI je karAvyo hate. matalaba ke je sImAM temaNe derI kALane ItihAsa ApaNe lakhI rahyA chIe te samaye batAvI che te aMgadezanI che, nahIM ke cedidezanI. te sauthI pazcime aMgadeza hato, vacce vaMzadeza urphe tyAre bIjA eka vidvAna 7, karnala TaMDano mata mahAkezala hatA ane pUrva tathA dakSiNe kaliMgadeza TAMkIne jaNAve che ke, Chanderi, a town in hato. paraMtu hAla jene orisA prAMtanA saMbalapura, Malwa, was the capital of Shishupal, pUrI, aMgUla, ane kuTaka jIlAo kahevAya che te to who was killed by Krishna (J. A. s. B. kaligamAM paNa gaNutA nahatA ja. te jIllAo te Vol. XV): according to Fuhrer. Dahal- HOIRIM VH2107 udial del 721241 241EUR mandal was the ancient Chedi; kaliMgamAM bheLavI lIdhA hatA. ane tethI eka graMthakAre according to some, it comprised the je ema lakhyuM che te taddana sAcuM ja che, ke Cheti southern portion of Bundelkhand and or Chedi is the well-known Vedic northern portion of Jubbulpore. Rewa- and classical ruling family, this branch Kalanger was the capital of Chedi of the Chedis seems to have migrated under the Gupta-kings. Chedi was into Orissa from Maha-kosal, as the also called Tripuri=mALavAmAM AveluM caMderI Oriya Manuscript (J. B. 0. R. S. III zahera (rAjA) zizupAlanI rAjadhAnI hatI. A pp. 482) suggests=ceti ke cedi te vaidika (16) ja, e. sa. naM. pu. 21 pR. 257: azoka tathA de, ra. bhAMDArakara kRta) pR. 35-rAjyanI sImAe puliMda natino mulaka A che (sabhAparva) (17) juo DeDa enTogrAphI opha InDIyA .14 (18) ja. bI. e. 2. me 19ra7 5, 13 5, 222 ane AgaLa

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236 [dazama khaMDa sAhityamAM prakhyAti pAmelo ane rAja karate uttama eka pachI eka, tema ja eka bIjAne aDIaDIne vaMza che; cedinI A zAkhA, je pramANe erisAnA Avela deza hatA. hastalikhita pustakamAM sUcavAyuM che te pramANe (juo cedivaMzanA traNa vibhAga kema thAya che te ApaNe ja. bI. e.rI. se5.3 5.482) mahAkezalamAMthI jaNAvI gayA chIe. temAM prathama orisAmAM utarI AvelI dekhAya che. jyAre che. karaDa pachI vibhAga mahArAjA karakaMDunA maraNa rIjha DevIjha pitAnA buddhisTi inDiyAmAM pR. 26 kema? thatAM pUre thAya che. ane trIjo upara jaNAve che ke, The Chedis were bhAga mahArAja kSemarAjanuM rAjaprobably the same tribe as that zAsana zarU thAya che tyArathI AraMbhAya che. eTale called Cedi in older documents and vacceno je gALo rahyo te bIjA vibhAge; ane tenuM had two distinct settlements. One vRttAMta je etihAsika rIte joDI batAvAya te ApaNe probably the older, was in the varNavavA dhArela divaMzanA saLaMga ItihAsanI sAMkamountains in what is now called Nepal. LanA khUTatA maMkeDAo maLI javAthI saMdhAI gayelA The other probably a later colony kahevAze. A bIjA vibhAgane lagatI thoDIka hakIkata was near Kosambi to the east, and J. 1mAM je ke apAI te gaI ja che. chatAM saMpUrNa ne has been even confused with the land hovAthI atre te ApavAnI jarUra paDI che. of Vamsa=purANA dastAvejomAM jene sedi kahI I. sa. pU. 537 mAM mahAmedhavAhana mahArAja che te ane cedi dhaNuM karIne eka ja jAtanI prajA karakaMDanuM avasAna thavAthI. temaja te aputriyA hovAthI che; temanAM be saMsthAne hatAM. ghaNuM karIne temAMnuM tenuM rAjya magadhasamrATa zreNike pitAnA sAmrAjya eka jAna, hAlanA nepAlamAM Avela pahADI pradezamAM sAthe meLavI lIdhuM hatuM tyAM sudhI ApaNe varNana karI hatuM. ane bIjI je sevA pAchaLathI thayuM hatuM te gayA chIe. eka bAju evI sthiti najare paDI rahI kezabInI najIka pUrvamAM hatuM ane tene vazadezanI bhUmi che ke, mahArAjA karaThaMDu trikaliMgAdhipati-eTale aMga, tarIke seLabheLa karI devAya che. tyAre vaLI bIjA vara ane kaliMgane adhipati hatA. tyAre bIjI bAju vidvAna kahe che kedeg Tripuri seems to have evo purAvo maLe che ke, mAtra "aMgamagadhA" zabdanI been the capital of Chedi; they were vaparAza ja zarU thaI hatI. paraMtu je magadha zabdanI called the rulers of Dahala or Chedi= sAthe liMga ke trikaliMga jevo zabda joDAya heta tripurI" te cedivaMzanuM rAjanagara saMbhave che; teo to badhI vAta saraLa banI jAta; eTale karaDunA dAhala athavA cedinA rAjakartA hatA. A pramANe maraNa samaye kaliMga saMbaMdhI be sthiti ubhI thaI aneka rItanI noMdha thayelI najare paDe che. te game hoya ema samajavuM rahe che. kAMte traNe prAMta magadhamAM tema che. hAlamAM bahu UMDANamAM utaravAnI ApaNe bheLavI lIdhA hevA joIe, athavA traNe chUTA karI jarUra nathI. mAtra eTaluM ja neMdhI rAkhavuM ke, aMga, dIdhA hovA joIe. jo traNe bheLavI lIdhA heya te vaMza ane kaliMga te traNe pazcimathI pUrva tarapha anukrame upara jaNAvyA pramANe magadha ane kaliMga jevo ja (19) AdhAra TAMke heta te vizeSa upakAraka thaI paData. cheTe ja rU5nAthano khaDakalekha che. A rUpanAthanA sthAnane (20) juo e. I. pu. 2 pR. 302 prAcIna samayanI caMpApurI tarIke meM oLakhAvI che eTale (21) hAlanA madhyaprAMtanI rAjadhAnI je jabalapura che ke caMpApurI ane jabalapura bane najIka AvyAnuM kahevAya, tenuM bIjuM nAma tripurI gaNAya che, A jabalapurathI De (sarakhA uparanI DhI, na, 13nI hakIkta)

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prathama paricheda ] pachI kema? 37 koI zabda ubho thavo joine hato paNa tema banyuM nathI rAjA zreNike prathama bheLavI te lIdhA hatA ja; tethI muzkelI ADI AvIne ubhI rahe che. ane chuTA paraMtu te vakhate gaNataMtra rAjyanI paddhati cAlu hovAthI, rahI gayA hatA ema ja kapIe te, aMgadeza magadhane tathA mahArAjA karakaMDune putrano abhAva hovAthI, teNe tAbe naheAte ema te ApaNe paNa kabUla karavuM ja paDaze. tenA jamAIne (je hakIkata pravartI rahI hatI e jyAre bIjI bAju te ItihAsa ema bulaMda avAje svataMtra purA paNa anya sthaLethI maLI rahyo che.) jAhera kare che ke, zreNika pachI magadhapati bananAra gAdI suprata karI hatI ane pitAnA khaDiyA rAjyarAjA ajAtazatrue, gAdIe besIne sAmrAjyanuM tarIke-salAmI rAjya tarIke gaNela hato. paraMtu rAjA rAjanagara je rAjagRhImAM hatuM te pheravIne aMgadezanA ajAtazatrue gAdie AvatAM jamIna lobhanI je pATanagara caMpApUrImAM ApyuM hatuM. tene artha e jehAda jagAvI hatI tenA pariNAme ke pachI pitAne thayo ke aMgadeza magadhane tAbe to hato ja. A rAjapATanI pherabadalI mATe aMga dezanI jarUra paDI pramANe eka vakhata kahevuM che. i. sa. pU. 537 mAM hatI tethI; A bemAMthI koI eka kAraNane lIdhe aMgadeza kaliMganA zAsanamAM hato, ane pharIne kahyuM game te kAraNa paDayuM hoya paNa te saramukhatyAra je ke I. sa. pU. para7-6 mAM te magadhanI hakumatamAM hovAthI IcchApUrvaka karI zake tema hatuM ja eTalehate. te baMne vastu sumeLa jatI ? a8. trikaliMganA traNa prateja saMdeza che te ethI sivAya ke 537 ane para7 vacceno daseka varSanA lIdho hato ane bAkInA be, emane ema upara gALAmAM, kAi evo banAva banI gayAnuM maLI Ave jaNAvela rAjA karakaMDanA jAmAtu kaligapatinI hakuke jethI-trikaliMga-vALA traNa pradezamAMthI traNe, be ke matamAM ja rahevA dIdhA hatA. uparanA sarva vivecanaeka paNa magadhapatie jItI lIdhuM hoya. te purA no sAra e thayo ke, i. sa. pU. 537 bAda nava ItihAsamAM nedhAyo jaNAto nathI; kadAca ba daza varSa sudhI karakaMDa mahArAjanA jAmA pAse traNe heya paraMtu ItihAsanA pAne noMdhAyo na hoya, prAMti hatA, ane te bAda be prAMta-vaMza ane kaliMga athavA pAne caDa hoya paNa tene patto lAgavo ja rahyA hatA. A sthiti paNa rAjA ajAtazatrunA adazya thayo hoya. AvI aneka prakAranI bhAMjagaDa maraNa pAmyA pachI udayananA rAjyakALanA prAraMbhika ke kalpanAmAM utaravA karatAM saraLa mArga zuM ema thoDAMka varSo sudhI ja eTale aMdAja I. sa. pU. 492 nathI lAgatuM ke je vastu noMdhAI che tene ja Azraya sudhI TakI rahevA pAmI hatI. have te dina para dina laIne AgaLa vadhavuM? je be prasaMga noMdhAyA che te rAjAomAM bhUmi vistAravAnI lAlasA vRddhi pAme ApaNe kayAranA jaNAvI te dIdhA ja che, eka jatI hatI 24 eTale kyAMya te mArga maLI jato "aMgamagadhA" zabdano prayoga ane bIje, rAjA ke turata, te deza upara caDAI laI jaI vijaya prApta ajAtazatrue karela pATanagaranI pherabadalI. eTale karIne pUrvanI gaNataMtranI paddhati pUrvaka teno mULa rAjAne ema sthiti goThavI zakAya ke, trikaliMgane traNe prAMti mAtra tAbedAra ke anya kaI rIte pitAnI ANumAM (22) jue pu. 1 pR. 167 TI. na. 46 (24) pu. 1 kaNika-ajAtazatru rAjA pate viMdhyAcaLa (23) ahI rahevA dIdhA hatA" evA zabda koI muddAthI parvatanI ArapAra jaIne dakSiNa hiMdamAM utAravAno prayAsa lakhyA nathI. chatAM jo saMzodhanathI puravAra thaI jAya che, karavA mathato hato tyAre tene potAnI jIMdagIne bhAga teNe te mAtra potAnI jarUrIAta ubhI thavAthI potAnA Apavo paDe te, te hakIkata jaNAvatAM A bAbatane salAmI taLenA rojartA pAsethI IcchApUrvaka jamIna laI isAre karI dIdhuM che. jainazAstramAM A banAvane lekha lIdhI hatI te pachI te pramANe gaNavuM. karAyela che.

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238 [ dazama khaMDa gaNAte rahe tevI goThavaNa karIne je pAcho tene te adhi- adhikAra, yuvarAja anurUddhane saMpAya tyAM sudhI kAra upara besArI devAmAM Avato hato. tene badale ( yuvarAja tarIke ja anurUddha rahyo hato ke samrATa tenuM AkhuM rAjya ja pitAnI sattAmAM lAvI mUkAvA pade Avyo hato te prazna bhale carcAspada rahe tene mAMDayuM. te rAjanItine anusarIne udayAzvanA samayamAM A didezanI svataMtratA sAthe nIsabata nathI). tyAra tenA sainyapati nAgadasake (A nAme pAchaLathI je bAda anurUddhane kArabhAra paNa cha eka varSa TakA che jANIte thayo che ane je naMdivardhana athavA naMda ane tyAM sudhI paNa magadha sAmrAjyane unI AMca pahelA tarIke magadhapati thayo che te ho) yuvarAja anu- sarakhIe AvI nathI. paraMtu tenA adhikAranA chellA rUhanI saradArI nIce TheTha siMhaladvIpa sudhIno pradeza varasathI ( eTale I. sa. pu. 475 thI ) athavA dhIme dhIme jItI lIdho hato; temAM A be mula- kaho ke, tenuM maraNa nIpajyuM te samayathI, rAjayamAM kana-vaMza ane kaliMgane-paNa samAveza thaI gaye baLavA jevI sthiti ubhI thavA pAmI. tenI gAdIe hatuM. eTale ke mahArAjA karakaMDunA jamAInA hAthamAM tene nAno bhAI muMda Avyo teNe mAtra be varasa ja je rAjyAdhikAra sapA hatA, te tenA vizenA te adhikAra bhogavyo che chatAM te kALa daramyAna te, samayanA narapati pAsethI laI lIdhA hatA ane magadha sArAe magadha sAmrAjyamAM cAre tarapha hAhAkAra ane sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI levAyA hatA; eTale te samayathI aMdhakAra ja chavAI rahyo hata; kemake rAjakAjamAM te kaliMgapatinI A bIjA vibhAganI zAkhAnuM asti- bilakula bhAga letA nahIM, tema bAhoza paNa nahIM hoya, - baMdha paDayuM gaNAya. eTalAmAM vaLI tenI lADIlI paTarANInuM mRtyu thayuM. A bIjA vibhAganI zAkhAmAM be rAjA thayA eTale hada vaLI gaI. A be aDhI varasanA samayamAM dekhAya che. temanAM nAma atyAre te ApaNe anukrame te magadha dezathI mAMDIne dakSiNa dino sarva bhAga zebharAya ane caMDarAya TharAvyAM che. kadAca te anukramamAM eTale ke vaMza, kaliMga, colA, pAMDayA, kadaMba, pallapheraphAra paNa hoya, paraMtu banavA joga nathI. jyAre vAjha vee pota potAnA hAtha taLe sAMpAyelA tenI pahelAMnAM be nAma (juo pu. 1 pR. 173 ) mUlakamAM svataMtra rAjA tarIke potAne jAhera karI dIdhA. cedipati tarIke je sulocana ane suratha tarIke ApaNe A mAMhelI je vyaktie vaMza ane kaliMga upara noMdhyA che. te phAve te eka pachI eka dadhivAhana pitAnI svataMtratA meLavI hatI tenuM nAma kSemarAja ane karakaMDanAM nAma paNa hoya ke, have te banne nAma hatuM. te pote ja te samaye te prAMto upara magadha ekalA karakaMDanAM ja hoya; paraMtu hAla ApaNe eTa. samrATanA sUbA tarIke vahIvaTa karate hato ane lIja nedha laI zakIe chIe ke, cedipati tarIkeno gAdIpati banI beThe ke pachI ApameLe ja bahArathI te be nAmanA rAjAno samAveza prathama vibhAgamAM, ane AvI caDIne te prAMtanI rAja lagAma hAthamAM zAbhanarAya tathA caMDarAyano bIjA vibhAge ja karavAno lIdhI hatI; te bemAMthI kaI sthiti thavA pAmI hatI che. A bIjA vibhAgane adhikAra pUMcavAI gayA teno nirNaya karavAne kAMI sAmagrI maLatI nathI. pachI cedipati tarIkenI svataMtratA haNAI ja gaI paraMtu teNe te prAMta hAtha karI lIdho hato teTaluM hatI. have te magadha sAmrAjayano bhAga ja banI rahyo. cokkasa che ja. vaLI te mULanA kaliMgapati mahA te I. sa. pU. 42 thI mAMDIne udayana rAjAra medhavAhana mahArAjA karakaMDano Aghe Aghe kAMIka (25) je bhUmitRSNA kaNikamAM udbhavI hatI te paNa rAjyathI mAMDIne naMdivardhanane aMta thaye te samayamAM te khUba paMcamarAmAM phUlavA mAMDelI kALadevanI asaranuM ja pariNAma khUba phAlI gaI hatI ane te bAda te te sAmAnya vastu kSamajavuM. A bhUmi tRNuM dhImedhIme lIne, udAyananA banI gaI hatI, eTale te pratye Azcarya upajatuM nahotuM

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prathama paricheda ] pachI kema? 239 sago 2 1 paNa thato hato ja. A banAvane samaya banne nAma dhAraNa karIne rAjyArUDha thaye he joIe. I. sa. pU. 475 che. ahIMthI cedivaMzanA trIjA paraMtu jyAre teNe aMgadeza upara caDhAI karI hatI vibhAganI Adi thaI gaNAze. . ane tenA rAjA dadhivAhana sAthe yuddhamAM utaravAne (1) kSemarAja avasara prApta thayuM hatuM tyAre padmAvatI sAdhvI je kaliMgapatinA divaMzanA traNa vibhAgamAMnA chellA saMsAra avasthAmAM karaDanI janetA thatI hatI teNI vibhAganI Adi mahArAjA kSemarAjathI thaI hovAnuM te sthaLe upasthita thaI hatI ane laDavAne taiyAra thayela ApaNe uparamAM joI gayA chIe banne bhUpatie bApa dIkaro thAya che tevI oLakha tenA vaMzanA nAma vaLI jaNAvI gayA chIe ke te karAvIne yuddha virAma lahera karAvyo hato. A sarve vizenI samaja pote te vaMzanA mULa sthApaka mahA. hakIkatathI ApaNe paricIta thaI gayA chIe. mata meghavAhana9 mahArAjA karakaMDu laba ke karaThaMDu pite rAjA dadhivAhanano putra thatA ( athavA pR. 238 mAM sUcavyA pramANe sulocana ke ho te sthiti tenI jANa mAM mAtra te samayathI ja AvI suratha)ne dUra dUrano bhAyAta paNa thato hato. eTale hatI. eTale te samayathI pitAnuM nAma pheravIne pitAnA tene paNa ApaNe mahAmeghavAhananA vaMzamAMthI utarI janakanA nAmane anusaratuM-evuM meghavAhana nAma dhAraNa Avela 28 gaNe rahe che. have ApaNe be hakIkata karI lIdhuM hoya te dekhItuM ja che, eTale te samayathI atre vicAravI rahe che. eka te vaMzanuM nAma mahAme. te mahArAjA meghavAhana kahevAya, ane jyArathI tenA vAhana kema paDayuM che, ane bIjI, tenA vaMzane Iti- pitA dadhivAhananuM maraNa thayuM ane pachI te aMgadeza hAsamAM jyAre cedivaMza tarIke oLakhAvyo tyAre te paNa kaliMganA adhikAramAM AvI paDe tyArathI te, tene kevI rIte baMdha besatuM Ave che te. prathamamAM te adhikatara pradezano svAmI banavA pAmyo. tenI mahAmeghavAhana zabda vize vicAra karIe. yAdagIrImAM potAnA nAma sAthe mahA zabdano umere mahArAjA karake pote gAdIpati thayo hato tyAM karIne, te mahAmedhavAhana kahevAte thayo hoya te te sudhI te tene potAne paNa bhAna nahotuM ke tenA paNa svabhAvika ja che. A pramANe kharI sthiti mAbApa koNa che ? te kayA vaMzano che? athavA pite hovAnuM saMbhavita che; chatAM eka bIjI kalpanA paNa kayAne vatanI che ? jethI banavA joga che ke, bhAgya- manamAM skare che. paraMtu te kalpanA ja gaNI levI rahe vazAta jyAre pite vaMza ane kaliMgane svAmI banyo che. kakiMga dezanI hadamAM samatazikhara nAme jena tyAre pR. 238mAM sUcavAyelAM be nAmomAMthI ekane dharmanuM tIrthasthAna AveluM che. alabatta atyAre A nAma-ka bane eka ja vyaktinA nAma kare to te tIrthadhAmanI taLeTI vartamAna baMgALA prAMtamAM gaNAya (26) dUradUrane sage thatuM hovAnuM je lakhavuM paDayuM (27) cedipatio mahAmedhavAhana birUdadhArI hatA ema che te eTalA mATe ja che, je najIkanA ja sago thate heta kahevAne tAtparya che. te vAta purANakArone paNa mAnya hoya te karakaMDunI gAdI je tenA jamAInA hAthamAM gaI hatI tene tema lAge che. kemake jainasAhitya saMzodhaka 5.3 pR. 374mAM badale A najIkanA sagAne ja maLI jAta. tema koIpaNa tenA lekhaka mahAzaye jaNAvela che ke jyAM kozalanA "megha rIte sagA-vaMzana bhAyAta-thato hato te eTalA mATe upAdhidhArI rAjAonuM varNana che te kadAcita Aja "mahA svIkAravuM paDe che ke, te kSemarAjanA pautra mahArAjA khAravele meghavAhana" upAdhivALA khAravela vaMzIone nirdeza che. ketarAvela hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM, mahAmeghavAhananA vaMzamAM ane eto have siddha thaI gayeluM ja che ke karakaMDu mahAutarI Avela tarIke potAne oLakhAvela che. rAja vigere cedio mahAkezalamAMthI ja kaliMgamAM AvyA che mahAmeghavAhana nAmanI utpatti mATe AgaLa upara eTale uparanI hakIkata tene lAgu paDatI ja che. kSemarAjanuM vRttAMta jue. (28) uparanI TIkA naM. 27 juo..

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24. kSemarAjanA [ dazama khaMDa che. paraMtu te samaye te sametazikhara pahADane vistAra caDI Ave che. eTale ke meghavahana zabdane ane ati mere hate. matalaba ke jemAM saurASTramAM pArvatIya pradezane amuka prakArane saMbaMdha hoya che ja, Avela zatruMjaya parvata-vimaLagiri parvata-pUrva samaye A kAraNane laIne kadAca mecavAhana zabda A pradesArAye saurASTranA aDadhA karatAM vadhAre bhAgamAM patha. zana adhikArIne baMdhabesate gaNAya evI kalpanAmAM rAI gayo hato paNa kALabaLe tenA zikharo kTAM karaThaMDu mahArAje potAnA upanAma tarIke te zabda parI bhinna bhinna nAme oLakhIte thayo hato, temaja pasaMda karI lIdhA che. upara jaNAvela be kAraNamAMthI nAnAM nAnAM zikhare adazya thavA pAmyAM hatAM, tema koI ekane lIdhe karakaMDa mahArAje cedipati mahAkezala A samatazikhara parvatanI taLeTI29 paNa te samaye pati tarIke mahAmeghavAhananuM upanAma pasaMda karyuM haze baMgALA prAMtanI hada oLaMgIne vartamAna madrAsa ilA. paraMtu te temanuM ja upanAma hatuM ema siddha thAya che. kAnA gaMjAma chalAmAM jayAM jAgauDA-dhaulIkanAM (vaLI keTalIka hakIkata hAthIguMphAnA lekhanA vivaraNamAM sthAne Avela che ke jyAM samrATa priyadarzine tIrthana Apela che te uparathI khAtrI thaze.) dhAmanAM smAraka varIke, pitAnA khaDaka lekho ubhA have bIjI sthiti vicArIe ke tenA nAmanI karAvyA che, tyAM AvI rahI hatI. eTale sAra e tha sAthe "cedivaMzanuM nAma kema joDAyuM che. A zabdane che. A sAthe pradeza mukhya aMze pahADo ane lagatI keTalIka hakIkata uparano pRSThamAM "cadi nAma jaMgalothI bharapUra hatA. tethI tene pArvatIya31 pradeza nI utpattivALA pArigrAphamAM carcAI gaI che jene tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatA hatA. vaLI kadaratane sAra e hato ke, vaMzanA chedana='chedi' uparathI te eka niyama ja che ke jyAM vanarAjI, jaMgala ane parvate rAjAne rAjyaprApti thaI hatI eTale te uparathI Adi vizeSa hoya che tyAM vRSTi-medha paNa vizeSa "divaMza" nAma pitAnA vaMzanuM teNe rAkhyuM tevuM pramANamAM Ave che tathA vAdaLAM paNa avAranavAra joI e. ane chedimAMthI apabhraMza thatAM thatAM (ra) kALanA vahevA sAthe evA aneka pheraphAro thai dhaulInuM sthAna che tyAM sudhI laMbAyo haze ane tyAMthI ja jAya che. sthaLanI jagyAe jaLa ane jaLanI jagyAe kharA parvata tarIke uMce caDavAnuM zarU thatuM haze. jethI baMne sthaLa thaI jatAM paNa ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe tyAre ahI sthAnane taLeTI je gaNI zakAya (juo uparanI TIkA) mAtra, uMcA uMcA girizcaMge, je prathama eka bIjAnI (2) uparanA anumAnane samarthana te vAtathI maLe che lagelaga AvIne AkhI girimALA banI rahyAM hatAM. tene ke, khaDakalekhanA ketarAvanAra samrATa priyadarzine ja temAMnA badale, kALakrame taLeTImAM amuka bhAga pRthvImAM daTAI dharma sUtrene vaheMcI nAMkhIne eka bIjAne pUrtirUpa banAvI jaI, sapATa jamInamAM pheravAI gayAnuM ane pariNAme giri dIdhA che. matalaba ke teNe ja A banne sthAnane eka mALAnA maNakA judA paDI gayAnuM ja ane darekane svataMtra bIjAnA pUraka gayAM che. nAme oLakhAvA maMDAyAnuM ja ahIM to batAvAyuM che. (3) vidvAnoe paNa te bannenA lekhene prathaka prathAka (vaLI e caNavRttAte temanA zilAlekha ane dhama. na gaNAvatAM dholIne jAgauDAnA lekha e samAsa banAvIne vALI hakIkata). prabodhe che. (30) A banane sthAnonuM aMtara (dhaulI ane jagauDAnuM AvAM anekavidha kAraNathI sAbita thAya che ke te bane lagabhaga se savAso mAIla jeTaluM atyAre che. chatAM banne sthAne ekaja dhAmane lagatAM che. sthaLane samatazikharanI taLeTI tarIke je gaNAyuM che tenAM (A tIrtha sthAnane samrATa priyadarzinanA dharma sAthe kevo kAraNu nIce pramANe che. saMbaMdha che te pu. ramAM tenA vRttAMta juo). (1) ane sthaLanuM aMtara bhale se mAIla jeTaluM che. (3) caMdragupta mauryanI kamake AvanAra mahArAjanA vakra. paraMtu parvatanI eka taLeTIne AraMbha jAgauDAmAMthI thate grIva paNa, A pradezane ja rAjavI hovAthI tene pArvatIya haze, vaLI te nAnI nAnI TekarI rUpe laMbAIne TheTha jyAM pradeza rAja kahevAya che,

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prathama parida ] vaMzanA nAmanI samaja 241 "cedivaza paDI gayuM hovuM joIe. bAkI kharI rIte "nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAnA kArtika mAsamAM bahAra cedi nAma, nathI koI dezanuM, jJAtinuM ke sthaLanuM. pADayo che. jeno gujarAtI anuvAda tathA vivecana A pramANe mArI mAnyatA baMdhANI che. tema bIjI sAthenI samajUti jainasAhitya saMzodhaka khaMDa 3, aMka tarapha vidvAnonI mAnyatA je baMdhAI che te nIce 3, pR. 366thI AgaLa pRSThamAM utArAyAM che temAM pR. rajA karuM chuM. kaI vAstavika gaNAya tema che, ke bannemAM 369 mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, keTalAka aMzAmAM lekha gaLA kAMIka satya samAyeluM che, teno vAcaka pote svayaM gayo che, keTalIka paMkitaonI zarUAtanA bAreka bAMdhI leze. te A pramANe che. akSaro pattharanAM capatarAM sAthe uDI gayA che ane hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM prathama paMktimAM ja khAravela keTalIka paMktiomAM vacce vacce akSare ekadama uDI cakravatI pitAne eNra (eNla) mahArAja mahAmeghavAhana gayA che tathA kanyAMka pANIthI ghasAi gayA che. kyAMka cedirAjanA vaMzaja tarIke saMbodhe che. AmAMnA mahAmegha- kyAMka akSaranI kotaraNI vadhI gaI che ane jaLapravAha vAhana ane cedirAja zabdanA artha spaSTa che, tema vaLI tema ja bIjAM kAraNothI bhramatpAdaka cihe utpanna uparamAM tenA khulAsA paNa apAI gayA che. aura zabda thaI gayAM che. jyAM sudhI TAMkaNanI nizAnI che ane mATe eka vidvAne ema spaSTIkaraNa karela che ke, kayAM kAlata bhramajAla che ene ukela karo eja Aira, a descendant of Ira or lla, A lekhanuM rahasya che I. I. eTale kahevAnuM e che identifies one of the main dynastic ke, jevA svarUpamAM ane jevA bhAvArthamAM atyAre divisions to which the Chedis do tenAM vAcana ane ukela thaI rahyAM che temAM sudhArA belong according to the Puranas) vadhArAne ghaNAM sthAna che. temAM A cakravartI khAravelanA (Parpiter J. R. A. S. 1900 p. 11-26)= vaMzanI oLakha ApatuM vAkya ekadama prathama paMkti era eTale IrA athavA IlAnA vaMzajo (gaNAya) mAM ja apAI gayuM che. te dekhAvamAM te akhaMDa che ane purANonA kathana pramANe cedirAjAo je vaMzanI eTale zeSa paktiomAM jema akSaranI traTI paDI eka mukhya prazAkhAnA che te A ja vaMza che. (juo gaI che (jemAMnI keTalIkanI sudhAraNA vizenuM vivecana ja. je. e. se sane 1900 nuM pustako eTale ke tathA sUcana AgaLa upara ApaNe hAtha dharavAnAM chIe) mukhya vaMza I-liAne che ane tenI eka prazAkhAmAM tema atra thavA nathI pAmyuM paNa pANIne ghasArAthI, A cedipatio utarI Avela saMbhave che. cedivaMzane TAMkaNAva ghaDatara karatAM hAtha chaTakI jatAM thayela ulekha svataMtra vaMzanA nAma tarIke thayela nathI vikatithI ke anya kAraNavazAta utpanna thayela zramadekhAto. paraMtu saMbhavita dekhAya che ke IrAnA vaMzanI tpAdaka cihathI je pheraphAra thaI gayA che tevA A zAkhArUpe te heya. vaLI jeta nAmanA leke vidarbha paMktimAM paNa banI gayA hoya tema saMbhavita che. dezamAM rahetA hatA ema vaidika graMthamAM lakhAyela eTale ApaNe tenA lipittone ema sUcana karI najare paDe che. 3 ane ceta uparathI cedivaMza zodhAyuM zakIe ke A vaMzanI utpattinA saMbhavitapaNA mATe haze. AvI anekavidha yuktiothI teno saMbaMdha je sUcano ApaNe kyAM che tene anusaratuM keAI vAcana goThavAya che. temAMthI upalabdha thAya che ke kema te vize teo - eka bIjI vAta vicAravA jevI che. A maherabAnI karI tapAsa calAve. Akho lekha marahuma paMDita jayasvAlajIe saM. 1984mAM atyAre pracalita mAnyatA evI baMdhAyelI che ke, (33) juo uparanI TI. naM. 4 - (32) juo ja, bI. e. pI. se. pu. 13 sana 1927 5, 223

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katI Einst the virtant news para. . 24ra di vaMzIomAM [ dazama khaMDa A cedivazano sthApaka mahArAjA kSemarAja cedivaMzanA chaThThA purUSa tarIke oLakhAvyo hato. te hato. eTale ke tene Adya puruSa hisAbe kSemarAjane naMbara cotho gaNAya. eTale te AkhI vaMzA- tarIke lekhAve che kemake cakravatI khA. pUrvenA bIjA rAjAo vize tapAsa karavI ja rahe vaLImAM tenuM sevele pite ja hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM teTalAmAM pu. 1. pR. 167 TI. naM. 4mAM jaNAvyA sthAna pitAnA vaMzanI oLakha ApatAM pramANenA mAsikano aMka maLI gayo temAMthI zobhana (paMkita 16 mI) potAnA dAdA kSema- rAya ane caMDarAyanAM be khUTatAM nAma maLI gayAM. rAja ane pitA vRddhirAjanAM nAma ApyAM che eTale eTale karakaMDa mahArAjane mULa sthApakanA ucca sahaja anumAna laI zakAya che ke, kSemarAja te prathama sthAna goThavatAM. kSemarAjane naMbara cotha ane puSa vRddhirAja te bIje ane khAravela pite trIjo khAravelano barAbara cho AvI gayo. A saMkalana purUSa hoI zake. vaLI A kalpanAne e uparathI samarthana ane graMthaNIne te pachI anya sthAnethI paNa bahuM maLI gayuM che. te zilAlekhanI paMkti bIjIno aMtima majabUtAI maLI gaI (jenuM vivecane hAthIguphAnA zabda "tati =trIje che ane trIjI paMkitanA AraMbhe varNana uparathI samajI zakAzeeTale te kalpanAne "purisayuge'=purUSayuga zabda lakhAyela che eTale tatiye sthAne daDha nirNaya thaI gayo che ane A uparathI purisayugane artha trIjI peDhIe khAravela thayela che je vizAvaLI ubhI karI zakAI che tenuM varNana pu. 1mAM ema vAtane meLa utArI dIdho. jyAre kharI rIte karavAmAM AvI gayuM che. TUMkamAM kahevAnuM ke, ceditrIjI peDhI' tyAM bhAvArtha karavAnuM nathI paNa uparamAM vaMzanI vaMzAvaLImAM kSemarAjanuM sthAna prathama nahIM paNa divaMzanA traNa vibhAgavALA pAritrAkamAM ane kara. cothA naMbare gaNavuM rahe che. kaMDa pachI kema? vALA pArigrAphamAM ApaNe je pari. teNe kaliMganI gAdI I. sa. pU. 475-4mAM sthiti varNavI gayA chIe te ja kharI rIte sthiti kabaje karI che ane 36 varSa lagabhaga rAjya banI rahI hatI, eTale khAtrI thaze ke uparanI paMktimAM che. eTale tenA rAjAne purisayuge' zabda kevA bhAvArthamAM mULakartAe vAparyo tene rAjyakALa aMta I. sa. 439mAM AvyuM hatA. A pramANe me ukela zodhI rAkhyo hato. tevAmAM umara tathA rAjya hatA ema gaNavuM rahe che. te aciMtyA mArge tene samarthana maLI gayuM. I. sa. 1929 vistAra keTalA varSanI umare gAdIpati mAM lAhera mukAme akhila bhAratIya prAcyavidyA ' banyo hato te hakIkata kyAMya pariSadanuM pAMcamuM adhivezana bharAyuM hatuM te samaye nIkaLatI nathI. paraMtu tenA jIvanamAM teNe je bahAdurI baMgALa-AsAma taraphanA Do. buA nAmanA vidvAne batAvI che tathA pitAnAM maryAdita sAdhana hevA khAravela mahArAjA saMbaMdhI eka lekha vAMcyo hato, chatAM. saMgrAmanipuNa ane sainyapatinA darajaje rahI temAM temaNe (je huM bhUlate na houM te) khAravelane aneka yuddhamAM vijetA banela naMdivardhana jevA rAjavInI (34) juo pu. 1 pR. ra94 TI. naM. 9: A mAsikanuM keTalIya guMcane nIkAla thaI gayela che. nAma "anekAMta' che. dIlahIthI pragaTa thatuM hatuM. tenA pu. 1 (35) vidvAnoe A samaya kabUla rAkhe che tema kiraNa 3 thI 6 (I. sa. 1930) mAM pU. mu. zrI kalyANa AgaLa pAchaLanA etihAsika banAnI sAthe tene sumeLa vijayajIe tathA anya vidvAnoe carcA upADI che. ane puravAra thaI jAya che eTale ApaNe tenI carcAmAM utaravAema TharAvyuM che ke A vaMzAvaLI bahu AdhAra bhUta nathI paNuM rahetuM nathI. chatAM kahevuM paDe che ke, bhale saze te AdhAra bhUta nathI ja sala savArI te AdhAra bhUta nathI ja (36) juo 5.1 5. 392 mAM Apela cedi. paraMtu temAMthI ghaNuM navuM navuM tatva maLI AvyuM che jethI patinI vaMzAvaLI,

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prathama pariccheda ]. kSemarAjanuM sthAna 243 sAme paNa, Takkara jhIlI te jhIlI paraMtu aMte phAvavA nadI vaccenA samudrataTavALo pradeza ja gaNAtI hatI. paNa nathI; te sthiti evA anumAna upara tyAre maMdivardhana ane kSemarAja vaccenuM yuddha-hAthIApaNane laI jAya che ke te paNa yuddhakaLAmAM kuzaLatA guphAnA lekhamAM varNavAyelI janapratimAvALo banAva meLavIne sArI rIte rIDho thaI gayo hovo joIe. to orisAnA kaTaka mahAlamAM banavA pAmyo che. A saMjogamAM ApaNe tenI umara gAdIe beThe kemake te jInapratimA naMdivardhana te prAMtamAMthI upADI tyAre kamamAM kama 30 ane vadhAremAM vadhAre 40nI gayAnuM lakhANuM maLe che; eTale siddha thAya che ke te TevIe to khoTuM nathI. chatAM sahisalAmatInI hada ja jagyA upara te samaye magadhano adhikAra nahote ja. 35 nI laIe ane temAM 36 varSane tene rAjyakALa matalaba ke, yuddhanuM maMDANa thayuM te pUrve te saghaLo bhAga umerIe to 70 uparanuM AyuSya teNe bhogavyuM hatuM rAjA kSemarAje potAnA adhikAramAM meLavI lIdhe ema siddha thAya che. hato. A anumAnane ja. e. bI. pI. se. pu. 3 rAjyavistAranI bAbata vicArIe. upara pR. 482 (juo uparamAM pR. 236 mAM TakeluM) vALuM pR. 239 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke, teNe svataMtrapaNe rAjaH vAkya sAkSIrUpa thAya che. sAra e che ke, kaliga lagAma grahaNa karI tyAre be sthitimAM te havAnuM prAMtanI IzAna khUNano keTaleka bhAga, jene urIya kalpI zakAya che. kAM te pote taddana navIna svarUpamAM ja prAMta 38 kahevAtA (athavA jene hAla orissA pragaTI nIkaLyo hoya, ke pote magadhasamrATanA subA kahevAya che) hatA te prAraMbhamAM kaliMganI hakumatamAM tarIke te mulaka upara adhikAra bhogavI rahyo hoya. nahetA te teNe 475-468nA sAta varSanA gALAmAM prathamanI sthiti jo banavA pAmI hoya to, tenA jItI lIdhA hatA ane kaliMga sAmrAjyanI hada, hastaka bahu juja pradeza ja he joIe, ane mahAnadIthI AgaLa vadhArIne te have suvarNarekhA nadI bIjI sthiti pravartI rahI hoya te vaMza ane kaliMgadeza sudhI laMbAvI gayo hato. kadAca tethI paNa AgaLa e be prAMta tenI hakumatamAM hatA ja ema mAnavuM vadhI gayo hoya. temaja rAjakIya paristhitine sarva rahe. bemAMthI game te saMga kalpe tepaNu eTale rIte pahoMcI vaLAya mATe potAnI rAjagAdI paNa teNe te sAra nIkaLe ja che ke, teNe gAdI I. sa. pU. pheravI nAkhI hatI. vaMzadezanA mukhya nagaranuM nAma 475mAM jamAvavA mAMDI tyAre thoDI ja bhUmi tenA bauddha graMthe uparathI daMtapura hovAnuM jaNAya che; hAthamAM hatI ane jyAre naMdivardhana-naMda pahelA sAthe jyAre kaliMganuM kaMcanapura hevAnuM manAya che. paraMtu I. sa. pU.468 AsapAsa37 yuddhamAM te utaryo tyAre teNe mahArAjA kSemarAja te khaseDIne vartamAna kALe kaTakA temAM ghaNo vadhAro karI dIdho hate. have bIjI bAju jIllAmAM samudra taTa upara Avela jagannAthapurInA ApaNe "cedidezanI sImAnuM varNana karatAM kahI gayA tIrthadhAma pAsenA cikA sarovaranA kAMThe Avela chIe ke, te samaye kaliMgadezamAM, hAlanA erisA sthAna upara laI gayo hato. te sthAna teNe navuM prAMtavALA saMbalapura,pUrI,aMgUla ane kaTaka jillAone vasAvyuM hatuM ke asala hatuM tene samRddha banAvyuM hatuM samAveza thato nahato; eTale ke kaliMgadezanI (nahIM temaja zuM nAma teNe tene ApyuM hatuM te nizcitapaNe ke liga sAmrAjyanI) hada mahAnadI ane godAvarI kahI zakAya evuM nathI ja paraMtu samrATa priyadarzinanA (37) A samaya mATe juo pu. 1 pR. 400nI vasI rahI hatI te manane mulaka, ema kahevAno bhAvArtha che. samayAvaLI tathA temAM ApelI sAheda. eTaluM samajavuM. A prAMtanI agatyatA tene ane tenA (38) Ane pharIya prAMta ke uDa prAMta kahe. nAma game te dharmane mATe zA mATe ghaNI dekhAI hatI te mATe AgaLa Ape, paNa je pranA te samaye erissA prAMtavALI bhUmimAM varNana ApavAmAM Avaze

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kaliMganI 244 zilAlekha uparathI tenuM nAma tanasulIyanagarI hAvAnuM jaNAya che. rAjadhAnI tarIke A sthAna ja zA mATe pasaMda karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM athavA khIjA zabdomAM kahIe tA A sthAnanuM mahattva te samaye keTaluM aMkAtuM hatuM te hakIkata upara prakAza pADavAnI paNa agatyatA che jo te samajAya te magadhapati ane kaliMgapati mATe vAraMvAra je yuddhanI nAkhatA gaDagaDI rahI hatI tenuM kAraNa Ape|Apa udhADuM thai jaze. paraMtu te viSayanuM varNana vistArapUrvaka AgaLa ApavAnuM che eTale ATalA isArA karIne khIjA muddA upara AvIe; ke A sthAnanI pasaMdagI--rAjapATanI pherabadalI--tA teNe karI hatI ke rAjA khAravele? eka hakIkata evA anumAna upara laI jAya che ke te sthAna khAravelanI pasaMdagInuM DhAvuM joI e, kemake gaMgA nadInI je nahera rAjA maMdivardhane kheAdAvI rAkhI hatI te teNe ja laMbAvIne peAtAnA nagare ANI hatI. paraMtu hAthINuMAnA lekhanI je paMkti (jIe chaThThI)mAM A samAcAra che. temAM ke tenI pUrvenI kAI anya paktimAM teNe te prAMta jItI lIdhA hAya evI mAhitI nIkaLatI nathI. eTale tenA pUrvenA e rAjA-tenA pitA ke dAdA-mAMthI kAie te pradeza tyeA hateA ema sAbita thayuM. tema tenA pitA, vRddhirAjanA samaye rAjakIya vAtAvaraNu kevuM taMga ke saraLa hatuM te vizenI hakIkata kayAMya upalabdha thatI nathI. vaLI tenA rAjaamala, kSemarAjanI tulanAmAM apa che eTale tene pradezA jItavA jeTalA samaya maLyo hAya tema mAnI zakAtuM nathI. tema magadhanI khIccha rAjadvArI sthiti tathA tenI umara jotAM paNa te banAva tenA rAjye anye| hAvAnuM asaMbhavita jaNAya che. eTale ema spaSTa thAya che ke, mahArAja kSemarAjanA samaye ja badhuM banavA pAmyuM hatuM. Ane TekArUpa e hakIkata che. eka teNe batAveluM zaurya ane AkhIe jIMdagI [dAma khaMDa khelelAM teNe yuddhe; tathA khIjI bAju, hAthIguMphAmAM kAtarAyalA zabdo ke, rAjA naMdivardhana kaliMgamAMthI jInapratimA upADI gayA che eTale ke te vakhate paNa jInapratimA rAjanagare birAjIta thayelI hatI ja. A pramANe kaliMga sAmrAjyanI hada uttare suvarNarekhA nadI ke tethI paNa AgaLa vadhI hAya, dakSiNe gAdAvarI nadI, pUrvamAM samudrataTa, ane pazcime vaMzadeza--eTale chattIsagaDha jIllA ane astara rAjyavALA pradeza--sudhI laMbAi hAya ema samajAya che. vaMzanI pazcime aMgadezanA kAi bhAga teNe chatI lIdhA hatA ke kema te jaNAyuM nathI. jo ke eTaluM naMdivardhananA rAjyaamale siddha thai gayuM che ke teNe varADanA mahArathIone jItI lIdhA hatA. eTale pachI aMgadeza magadhanA tAme ja hatA ema gaNavuM paDaze. tethI aMgadezane samAveza kaliMga rAjyamAM nahIM thatA hAya ema hAla tA mAnI levuM rahe che. naMdivardhana eka vakhata (i. sa. pU. 468mAM) kaliMga upara caDAI karIne jyArathI jInapratimA upADI laI gayA tyArathI tene, temaja sAmA pakSe kSemarAjane, bannene arasaparasa khAtarI thaI gaI hatI ke, ekabIjAthI kAi gAMjyuM jAya tema nathI. eTale peAtAnA jIvanamAM kAe ekakhIjAnuM nAma karIne lIdhuM nathI ja. jethI kahevuM paDaze ke rAjA kSemarAje peAtAnuM zeSa jIvana zAMtipUrvaka rAjavahIvaTa karavAmAM ja pasAra karyuM hatuM. mahArAja mahAmedhavAhana trikarliMgAdhipatinI gAdI upara rAjA kSemarAja AvyA che chatAM, levA temAMnA aMgadeza madhamAM gayA heAvAthI tenA kabajAmAM vaMza ane kaliMga-ema e ja pradezA AvyA hatA. temAMnA vaMza dezanI rAjadhAnI daMtapura (jIe pu. 1. pR. 146) ane kaliMganI rAjadhAnI kaMcanapura ( teja pRSTha ) hAvAnuM ApaNe kahI gayA (39) tanasulIya nAma nagaranuM heAya tenA karatAM je pradezamAM A nagarI-rAjanagara AvI rahyuM hatuM te pradezanuM kaliMganI rAja dhAnI nAma haiAvA vadhAre saMbhava che (te mATe hAthIguphAnA varNanamAM pakti 6nuM' vivecana jIe|. )

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prathama pariccheda ]. rAjadhAnI chIe. vaLI vaMzadezanuM sthAna vartamAna kALa chattIsa gaDha aMga ane vaMza nAma vize bhinna bhinna mata paDayo che ane bastara rAjyavALA pradezamAM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM tyAre svabhAvika che ke te dezanI rAjadhAnInAM sthAna che eTale daMtapura zahera te sthAnamAMja kayAMka AvyuM vize te matabheda paDe ja. eTale temanI mAnyatAmAM gaNAze. jyAre kaliMganI hada vartamAna mahAnadI ane keTaluMka aMtara dekhAze ja. keIkanA mate tenAM nAma kaMcanagodAvarI vaccenA pradezamAM ja samAI jatI hatI, pura, kapilapura", daMtapura42, ane maNipura, eTale kaMcanapuranuM sthAna te vistAramAMthI kadAca hatAM, tathA te pratyekanAM saMbhavita sthAna vartamAnanAM anya sthaLe paNa hoya athavA mahAnadInA mukhavALA jagannAtha44, vijayanagara, rAjamaheMdrI, ane pradezamAM paNa hoya. paraMtu te bAbata anizcita hovAthI gaMjAma zahera tarIke gaNAvyAM che. jyAre koIke ema ApaNe te vize mAna sevyuM che. alabatta pAchaLathI, paNa jaNAvyuM che ke47 kaliMganA be vibhAga pADavAmAM eTale kSemarAje mahAnadInI uttaramAM Avela Ari- AvyA hatA. eka uttara ane bIjo dakSiNa; uttaranI sAne prAMta chatI karIne jyAre suvarNarekhA nadI sudhI rAjadhAnI siMhapuramAM ane dakSiNanI kapilapuramAM hatI; kaliMganI hada laMbAvI hatI, tyAre te tenI rAjadhAnI vaLI mahAbhAratamAM tenA pATanagaranuM nAma rAjapurI48 mahAnadInA mukha pAsenA cikA sarovara vALA pradezamAM ke yayAtinagara49 hovAnuM paNa eka vidvAne jaNAvyuM hatI ja. paraMtu atra kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, che. A pustakanA lekhake te bIjAM paNa keTalAMka tyAM AgaLa rAjadhAnI agAuthI ja hatI ke mahA- sUcano karyA che, jeno sAra A pramANe nIkaLato rAja kSemarAje karI hatI tenI barAbara khAtrI maLatI kahI zakAya. jo ke temaNe khAravelano samaya AMkIne nathI. banavA joga che ke, mahArAjA karaDunA samaye te sthAnane nirdeza karyo che. paraMtu ApaNe tene semapaNa te pradezamAM ja hatI eTale kSemarAje svataMtratA rAjanA rAjapATa tarIke gaNIe te kaI mahattvane jAhera karI tyAre paNa tyAM ja haze. bAkI eTaluM pheraphAra tethI thaI jAya che tema karavAnuM nathI kemake saMbhavita che ke, je sthAnanI phera badalI karavAmAM ukta bane rAjavIonA samaye rAjya vistAramAM AvI ja hoya te bahu lAMbe dUra nahIM ja thaI heya bhale ghaNe pheraphAra thaI gayA che chatAM temaNe rAjanagarapaNa pacIseka mAIlanA aMtaramAM ja thaI haze. nuM sthAna pheravI nAMkhyuM hatuM evuM kayAMya noMdhAyuM upara pramANe mAruM maMtavya che; sAthe vidvAnonAM nathI. temanA mata pramANe ( juo majakura pustaka maMtavya paNa jANI levA jarUra che, tethI je vAMca- pR. 4) pritUkadamAM nAma paNa che; tema yayAtinagara vAmAM AvyuM che te atra raju karIzuM. jyAre cedi, (pR. 7) jene pAchaLathI Adinagara kahevAyuM che ane (40) uparanA varNanamAM juo; tene cikA sarevara- city of Tooth) nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM che. (kAraNa nathI vALA pradezamAM gaNAya. eTale jyAM jagannAthapurImAM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM paNa samajAya che ke, je evI mAnyatA atyAre pracamanAya che tyAM vizeSamAM AgaLane paricchede jue. lita che ke, tyAM buddha bhagavAnanA avazeSamAMnA dAMta saMra (41) ja. A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 3 kSAyA che te uparathI A nAma rakhAyuM che) temAM lakhyuM che ke, uttara kaliMganI rAjadhAnI sihapuramAM (43) uparanI TInaM. 4 vALuM pustaka jue. ane dakSiNanI rAjadhAnI kapilapuramAM hatI) (44) uparanI TI. na. 40, 41 tathA 42 juo - (42) juo ja, AM. hiM, rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 (45) re. ve. va. pu. 2 pu. 107 TI. naM. 6 juo pR. 22 temAM A daMtapurane jagannAthapurInA sthAna tarIke (46) uparanI TI. naM. 45 juo. . jaNAvyuM che temAM buddhane viSNunA avatAra tarIke pUjAtA (47) uparanI TI. naM. 41 jue. hovAnuM vidhAna karyuM che. vaLI jaNAve che ke, siMhapura (48) ja. A. hi. pI. so. pu. 2 bhAga 1 5.2. (The city of Lion) nAma pheravIne detapura (The (9) majakura pustaka 5, 7.

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246 tenA dharma tathA dazama khaMDa je hAlanuM mahI nadI uparanuM sanapura zahera gaNAya che gaNanApara karavAmAM AvI che. jeno khulAso AgaLa te paNa che; tema (pR. 15) hAlanA dhelI gAme jyAM upara hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana karatAM ApavAmAM priyadarzinane khaDakalekha che tenI pazcime thoDeka dUra Avaze. matalabake, jema vaMzane AghapurUSa jainamatAkaliMga nagarIne gaNAvI che; (pR. 24) vaLI vartamAna valaMbI ho, hAthIguphAne kartA rAjA khAravela jaina purIthI lagabhaga 8 thI 10 mAila, ane teTalAM ja hatuM tema mahArAja kSemarAja paNa jana ja hate. dara cilkA sarovarathI je pahelI ane kAMgA Avela eTale ke AkhA vaMzane dharma jaina hatuM ema svIkArI che tene paNa kaliganagarInuM sthAna kahe che. vaLI anya levuM rahe che. ATaluM temanA dharma vize TUMkamAM jaNAvI sthAne50 ema nAMdha nIkaLe che ke kaliMganI rAja- lIdhuM vaLI vizeSa AgaLa upara kaliMgajIna pratimAnA dhAnInuM nAma zrIkakula hatuM tyAre eka bIjA lekhaka varNanamAM jaNAvIzuM. have temanA dharmane ane rAjapelA grIka elacI megeDyenIjhano AdhAra TAMkIne nagaranA sthAnane zuM saMbaMdha hato te hakIkata AgaLa tenuM nAma pArjiMlisa (Parthilyse) jaNAve che. upara vicAravAnuM pR. 245 mAM kahI gayA chIe te A pramANe jene je phAvyuM ane sUjhayuM tenuM nAma muddo carcAe. jaNAvyuM che. game te sthAna kare paraMtu tenI jagyA prasaMge vAta anekavAra kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, vartamAna jagannAthapurIthI 20-25 mAIlanA aMtaramAM vartamAnakALe narendrone bhUmi meLavavAne jeTale thanaja hoya ema moTA bhAgano mata paDe che. thanATa rahyA kare che teTalo prAcIna samaye nahotA ja. * jyAM zilAlekhe jevA abhedya, atUTa ane aphara tema A hakIkata sikkAcitrone AdhAre paNa puravAra purAvA maLI AvatA hoya tyAM anya sAdhane karI batAvAI che. jethI karIne prAcIna sama zodhavAnI bhAMjagaDamAM utaravA samrAToe sikkAo upara potAnuM mAruM te eka tene dharma ane jevuM rahetuM ja nathI. tethI bAju rahyuM, paNa nAma suddha3 ketarAvyuM nathI. pATanagarane mahattva niHzaMkapaNe kahI zakAya che ke te je kAMI teo kAtarAvavAnuM vizeSa mAnanIya gaNatA pite jaina dharmAnuyAyI hato. te temanA dharmanA amuka amuka lAkSaNika gaNAtAM vizeSamAM tenA vazane mULa sthApaka mahArAjA karakaMDu cinho ja.54 A prakAranI temanI manodazAmAM je pita, te dharmanA anuyAyI hatA eTaluM ja nahIM parivartana thavA pAmyuM che ane nAma tathA mahera paNa pote rAjapada choDIne jainadIkSA laI sAdhu bane chetarAvavA maMDayA che te, jema jema avasapiNi kALa hato tathA kaivalyajJAnanI prApti karI muktipadane pAmyo AgaLa vadhatA cAlavA lAgyo tenuM-kALadevanuM parihate. eTale amuka sthitinA aMge pravAcakramAM tenI NAma ja mukhyapaNe e samajavuM temaja pAzcAtya prajAnA (50) ja. je. e. pu. 8 pR. 6 dIdhI hatI. (A kAraNane lIdhe ja priyadarzinanA samayanI (51) bhA. prA. rAjavaMza pu. 2. pR. 99 keAI pratimA upara-nAnI ke meTI kadanI-tenuM nAma ke nizAna che ja nahIM. juo priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta) (52) jue pu. 1 5. 170 TI. na. 56 (53) jema sikkAmAM A sthiti mAlama paDe che tema (54) jue. pu. 2 ditIya paricchede sikkA cinhona samrATa priyadarzine te AgaLa vadhIne tenI keTalAya prakAranI veNana. kRtimAM teja prathA aMgikAra karelI hatI. jevI ke, pracaMDa- (55) A kALadevanI-kudaratanI-asara manuSya jAti upara kAya mUrtio, temaja nAnI mUtio, je teNe karoDonI kevI paDI rahe che tene kAMIka khyAla pu. 1 ne prathama tathA saMkhyAmAM bharAvIne pratiSThA karAvI, maMdiramAM padharAvI vitIca parike ApI che te joI levA vinaMti che,

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prathama paricheda ] pATanagaranA mahAgya vize 247. saMsargamAM AvI temanI saMskRtinuM anukaraNa karAyuM khyAlamAM te heya ja; paraMtu jainetara vAcaka mATe che te paNa kAMIka aMze samajavuM. TUMkamAM jaNAvIe. teo pitAnA dharmapravartakane sikkAmAM te mAtra citra ja kotarAvavAnAM hoya tIrthakara nAmathI saMbodhe che. teonI saMkhyA vIsanI che eTale te binA najIvI kahevAya. chatAM ye temAM che. teo jyAM nirvANa pAmyA che te sthAnane 57 jyAre upara jaNAvyA pramANe teo potAnI dharma tIrthabhUmi tarIke gaNe che. uparanA vIsamAMthI vIsa pratyenI lAgaNI vyakta karavAnI civaTa dharAvatA tIrthakara samatazikhara nAmanA pahADa upara ane hatA tyAre, jyAM khuda dharmarakSaNane athavA dharmanA bAkInA cAra pRthaka pRthaka sthAne muktipadane varyA58 che. avalaMbanarUpa te dharmanA ISTadevanI pratimAno savAla sametazikhara upara je chellA tIrthakara mokSe gayA che ubhe thato hoya tyAM te teo zuM zuM na kare ? are temanuM nAma pAzvanAtha che. A uparathI A pahADane kaho ke prANArpaNa karavAnuM paNa jarAye pAchI pAnI "pArzvanAtha pahADa" tarIke paNa sAmAnya rIte na kare-te samajI zakAya tevuM che. A kathananI khAtrI oLakhAvAya che. have samajAze ke jene prajAmAM A mahArAja kSemarAjanA jIvanamAMthI javalaMtapaNe maLatI pArzvanAtha pahADanuM mahAo zA mATe vadhAre aMkAya che. A eka sthiti thaI. bIjI hakIkata ema che kSemarAjanA dharmane-athavA te AkhAye vaMzanA che, jene vIsa tIrthakarone eka sarakhA ja upakAraka dhamane-ane tenA rAjanagaranA sthAnanI mahattvatAne purUSo gaNIne pUje che, paraMtu te konA zrAvaka- temaja hAthIguphAnA lekhaketarane paNa, te dharma sAthe bhakta gaNAya te mATe eka niyama TharAvAyela che. ati ghaniSTha saMbaMdha che. A saMbaMdhanuM mahAtmya jyArathI prathama tIrthakara pitAnI prarUpaNa ApavI prathama samajI levAyuM hoya to ja temAMthI niSpanna zarU kare tyArathI mAMDIne bIjA tIrthakara pitAne thatI sthiti sahajamAM samajI zakAya. hAthIguphAne upadeza Ape AraMbhe te samaya vaccenA AkhA lagatI je bina jaNAvavI jarUrI lAge che te tyAM gALAmAM je je jaina prajA hoya te badhI prathama kahevAmAM Avaze. ahIM te pATanagaranA sthAnanI tIrthakaranA zAsanamAM gaNAya. pachI te gALAmAM prathamanA upayogitA ane jInapratimA pratye teNe batAveluM tIrthakaranI zarIra dehe hayAtI hoya yA nahIM. A bahumAna-e be prazno naMdivardhana sAthenA yuddha paratve niyamane AzrIne, pArzvanAtha tIrthakara jemane AMka saMkaLAyela che eTale te be mudAne AzrayIne ja je trevIsame che temanA samayathI eTale I. sa. pU. kahevAnuM hoya te kahI devuM rahe che. jaina saMpradAyane 877thI, mahAvIra jemano AMka rame che temane lagatI A hakIkata che eTale te dharmavALAne te kevaLajJAnanI prApti thaI tyAMsudhI, eTale I. sa. pU. (56) pu. 3 mAM avaMtipati rAjA nahapAnuM vRttAMta saMsArI hoya ke, dIkSA laIne munipaNe vicaratA hoya te tathA pu. 2 mAM tenA sikkA citranuM varNana juo. paNa temane tIrthakara ke ahaMna tarIke oLakhAvAya nahIM. (57) A sivAya bIjA sthAne paNa teo tIrthabhami- temane bahu tyAre dravya tIrthakara kahevAya, bhAvI (bhaviSyanA) kalyANaka bhUmi-kahe che ane pUje che te mATe juo pu. 2 athavA bhAva tIrthakara (tIrthakarane AtmA) paNa kahevAya pR. 371 TI. naM. 53 paraMtu kharA tIrthakara tarIke temane sanmAnAya nahIM (58) A sthAne kayA kayA gaNAya che te mATe juo A pramANe pArzvanAthanuM kevalyajJAna, temaNe I. sa. pu. 2. 5, 362 TI. naM. 28 tathA pu.1 pR. 296 TI, naM. 17 pU. 877 mAM (juo 5. 1 pR. 97) dIkSA lIdhA pachI (59) jayAre kaivalya jJAna utpanna thAya tyAre ja tIrtha. keTalAka divaso bAda thayuM che. eTale uparanA hisAbe te dinathI apane-anapadane prApta thayA kahevAya. te pahelAM eTale ja temane ahaMna pAzvanAtha kahevAya. te pahelAM nahI ja,

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248 ( pATanagaranA [ dazama khaMDa 556 sudhI je je sAdhuo, sAdhvIo, zrAvaka ke mahArAja karakaMkunA svargavAsa pachI A kaliMgazrAvikAo, ema saghaLe caturvidha saMgha, pitAne deza magadhanI hakumatamAM cAlyo gayo hato, eTale pArzvanAthanA bhakta tarIke ja gaNAve. A uparathI magadhapatinA manamAM te potAne ghera ja te sarva che samajAze ke mahArAja karakaMDunA rAjyArohaNano samaya ema lAgyA kare te svAbhAvika che. vaLI zobhanakarAya. I. sa. pU. 558 hoI te potAne pAzvanAthabhakta caMDarAya che. ne amala hatA tyAre paNa magadhapatiene tarIke ja gaNAvato hato. eTale pote pArzvanAtha pahADa UMcA nIcA thavAnuM kAraNa nahotuM ja, kemake te samaye taraka hadayanA UMDA premathI ane dharmabuddhithI jIe te paNa A pradeza eka rIte te pitAnI ANamAM hatA tarata samajI zakAze. temAM paNa te pahADanI taLeTI ema ja kahI zakAya. paraMtu jevI mahArAja kSemarAje pitAnA ja sattAdhikAravALA pradezamAM AvI rahI hoya svataMtratA jAhera karI ke magadhapatine manamAM kAMInuM te tenI premabhaktinI sImA kanyAM pahoMce. te sthiti kAMI thaI javA maMDe te dekhItuM che. varNavavA karatAM saheje kapI zakAya tevI che. vaLI vaLI jema kiliMgapatio jainamatAvalaMbI dekhAya ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke te samaye pArzvanAtha che temaja magadhapatio paNa te ja dharmAnuyAyI hatA. pahADanI taLeTI. jyAM samrATa priyadarzine potAno eTale banene te sthAna paratve-temaja tyAMnI mUrti dhaulIne khaDakalema ubho karyo che tyAM hatI. tema je prabhAvika hoya to te mATe te khAsa karIne- A sthaLa kaliMganA sattA pradezamAM ja hatuM. A pramANe mamatva baMdhAya ja. jethI kSemarAja svataMtra banatAM sarva vastune meLa jAmela hovAthI have vAcakavargane tenA hRdayamAM zAMti vyApe ane magadhapatine khAtrI thaze ke, A pArzvanAtha pahADanuM ane pArzvanAtha ukaLATa thavA mAMDe te dekhItuM che. naMdivardhanane A nAmanuM keTaluM keTaluM mahattva kaliMgapatione pitAne kAraNane laIne ghaNuM ja tAlAvelI thaI rahI hatI. aMtaramAM ramI rahyuM hovuM joIe. paraMtu tenI sthiti ati kaphoDI thaI paDI hatI. A sarva kAraNane laIne jema zizunAgavaMzI rAjA kemake, rALa udayAzva ane anurUddhanA rAja amale udayA pATaliputramAM maMdira banAvIne jInapratimA jema te sarvasattAdhIza sainyapati hatA. tema atyAre padharAvI hatI tema mahArAjA karakaMDue paNa pitAnA paNa hatA to kharo ja, chatAM te samayanA magadhapati rAjyaamale potAnI rAjadhAnImAM maMdira banAvIne- samrATa rAjA muMdanI mAnasika sthitine laIne tenI ke baMdhAyeluM hoya temAM pArzvanAthanI pratimA prathama pharaja ghara AgaLanuM badhuM saMbhALI levAnI padharAvI hatI. ane pitAne karavAyogya svadharmanAM hatI. jyAM sudhI te vAtane niveDo na levAya tyAMsudhI nityakarma tenI sAnibe karate hate. have samajI baLatA hRdaye paNa dhIraja dhArIne tene besI rahevuM zakAze ke A AkhAye pradezanI temaja khAsa karIne paDyuM hatuM. paraMtu prajAjane rAjA muMjane gAdI uparathI tenA rAjanagaranA sthAnanI keTalI keTalI mahattA hatI ! uThADIne je tene rAjyAbhiSeka karyo ke naMdivaryane (10) mahAvIra-vardhamAna kumAre dIkSA bhale i. sa. pU. (62) pratimA jema jUnI tema tenuM mahAtmya vadhAre pa68 mAM lIdhI che. chatAM kevaLa jJAna I. sa. pU. 556 mAM gaNAya che. A pratimA taddana navI ja teNe banAvarAvI hatI thayuM che eTale te bAra varSanA gALAmAM temane tIrthakara ke, jUnA samayanI koI bIjA sthaLathI ANIne tyAM padhatarIke na oLakhI zakAya. tema teo koI jAtane dharmabodha rAvI hatI te mATe AgaLa upara juo. paNa Ape nahIM. kAraNa mATe juo pu. 2. pR. 5 TI. naM. 7, (63) jue. pu. 1, pR. 304, (11) jue. pu. 2, pR. 363 tathA tenuM varNana uparamAM (64) pu. 1 mAM magadhapati zizunAgavaMzIonAM tathA 5. 240TIkkA naM. 30. naMdavaMzIonAM vRttAMte juo.

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prathama parida ] mahAbhya vize 240 pitAnuM manadhAryuM karI levAno niradhAra karyo. magadhamAM tenuM nAma rAjA khAravela rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. suvyavasthita karavA jevuM hatuM te karIne turata kSemarAja vRddhirAjanuM rAjaya mAtra daza varSa ja cAlyuM che eTale upara caDI gayo. banene jabaradasta yuddha thayuM. keTalAka tenA maraNa samaye, yuvarAja bhikhurAjanI umara samaya vItI gayo chatAM nizcayapUrvaka pariNAma AvI covIsa utarIne pacIsamAM pravezI cUkI hatI. A na zakayuM. tevAmAM kema jANe naMdivardhanane varamALa uparathI vidvAnoe ema TharAvyuM che ke te samaye arpavAnI kudaratanI ja IcchA na hoya tema, acAnaka rAjyAbhiSeka pacIsame varSe thato hato, te vAta rAsta - magadhamAM ativRSTi thaI. sona nadImAM pUra ubharAyAM nathI. gAdIe besavuM tenI sAthe umarane saMbaMdha ane rAjanagara pATaliputra bhayamAM AvI paDayuM. te hato ja nahIM. paraMtu rAjyAbhiSeka mATe-sagIra vaya samAcAra naMdivardhanane kAne pahoMcatAM. adhavacce ja ullaMghIne pukhta vaye pahoMcavAnI IcattA 13-14 samarakSetrano tyAga karIne tene pitAnA vatana tarapha varSanI hatI eTale nAnAmAM nAnI umare je kAIne vidAya levI paDI. adhakacarI chatanI eMdhANI tarIke, rAjalagAma soMpavAmAM AvatI te te A pramANe rAjA kSemarAjane ke dezane to kAMI hINapata pahoMcADI 14 varSanI rahetI. A kissAmAM te kumAra bhimmuzakaze nahIM, paraMtu pArzvanAthanI je prabhAvika jIna- rAja jyAre paMdara varSane thayo hato, tyAre yuvarAja mUrti hatI te pitAnI sAthe upADI gayo. pachI te banavA pAmyo che. ane daza varSamAM thoDAka mAsa tene aneka kAraNone lIdhe te mATe juo pu. 1 kamatI hatA, tyAM tenA pitAnuM maraNa nIpajatAM pote tenA vRttAMte) karliga tarapha mITa mAMDavA jeTalo paNa 24 varSanI umara pUrI karIne kaliMgapati banyA hatA. vakhata rahyo nahoto. chevaTe naMdivardhana maraNa pAmyo rAjA vRddhirAjanA vakhatamAM koI khAsa rAjakIya ane kSemarAja paNa nizcitapaNe pitAnuM zeSa AyuSya banAva banyAnuM nedhAyuM nathI. tenAM be eka kAraNa nirgamana karI maraNane zaraNa thayo. kSemarAja tarapha saMbhave che. eka te pote 45 varSane, ke balake tenAthI magadhapatie batAvela A apamAnano--ke vera paNa AgaLa vadhIne gharaDA jevo thaI gayo hato kaho teno-badalo tenA pautra rAjA khAravele te ja eTale yuddha vahorI levA IcchA kare tema nahotuM. naMdivardhananA vaMzaja naMda AThamA urphe bahaspatimitra bIjI bAju tenA yuvarAjanI umara kAMI evI moTI upara caDAI karIne parAsta pamADI potAnA paga pAse nahotI thaI gaI ke laDAIne baje te upADI zake namAvIne vALyo hato. ane vizeSamAM te mUrti pAchI te to haju yuvAvasthAmAM praveza karato hato ane pitAnA deza lAvI, jyAM hatI tyAM punaHsthApita karI vidyAprAptino samaya tene mATe Avazyaka hatA. tema dIdhI hatI. A hakIkata rAjA khAravelanA vRttAMte bIjI bAju magadhanI gAdIe naMda bIjAno amala lakhavI paDaze te tyAMthI joI levI. zarU thaI gayAne daza upara varSo thaI gayAM hatAM. te (2) vRddhirAja daramiyAna tenuM rAjya sudaDhapaNe pravartatuM cAlyuM jatuM kSemarAjanuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 439mAM thatAM, hatuM. eTale te bAju tarapha uttara dizAmAM AgaLa vadhavA tenI gAdIe tene putra vRddhirAja beThe. maraNa samaye jevuM nahotuM. pUrvamAM samudra hatA, pazcime magadhapatinA kSemarAjanI umara 70 varSa uparanI hatI eTale tenA rAjyanI hada AvI rahI hatI. eTale tyAM paNa yuvarAja A vRddhirAjanI umara 40-45 lagabhaga ke uttara dizAnA jevI ja sthiti hatI. bAkI rahI mAtra tethI kAMIka vadhAre paNa hoya to nA nahIM. tene A dakSiNa dizA; te tarapha kaliMganI hada godAvarInA taTa samaye je jayeSTha putra hatuM tenI umara paMdara varSanI sudhI te pahoMcI ja gaI hatI. tenAthIye dakSiNe celA, hatI. te pite gAdIpati thatAM, tenA putrane yuvarAja pallava ane pAMDavA rAjA hatA. te bAju tenA padavI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. A yuvarAjanuM nAma yuvarAjane lazkara laIne, pote gAdIpati banyA pachI bhikhurAja hatuM. te jyAre gAdIe beThA hatA tyAre keTaleka kALe yuvarAje keTalIka vidyA saMpAdana karI 32

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50. vRddhirAja [ dazama khaMDa lIdhA bAda-mokalyo hato. tyAM teNe chata jevuM meLavyuM temAM teNe vRddhi te karI ja hatI. tenI be traNa paNa hatuM ane pAkI rIte yaza meLavyA jevuM pariNAma sAbitI hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMthI maLI Ave che. AvI pahoMce tevAmAM rAjA vRddhirAja pite maraNa, temAM jaNAvyuM che ke rAjA khAravele gAdIe pAmyo. eTale yuvarAjane aDadhe rastethI pAchA vaLIne besatAM prathama varSa rAjanagare keTalIka marAmata karavAmAM para bhegA thavuM paDayuM hatuM. yuvarAjane dakSiNadeza jItavA gALyuM che ane bIjA ja varSe caturaMgI sainya sAthe moko hato tethI spaSTa thAya che ke, tyAM sudhI tenI zatavAhana vaMzanA sthApaka rAjA zrImukhanI pAchaLa tabiyatamAM vAMdhA jevuM nahIM hoya, chatAM jyAre paDIne TheTha nAsika sudhI hAMkI kADhaye che; je rAjA yuvarAjane 5 ekadama pAcho bolAvI levAnI sthiti gAdIe besatAM veta, zauryathI pitAthI caDhiyAtA, yuddha ubhI thaI che tyAre samajAya che ke rAjA vRddhirAjanuM kaLAmAM rIDhA, tema rAjakAraNamAM paNa 5Tu banelA maraNa ociMtuM ja thayuM haze. pachI tenI vRddhAvasthAne harIphane trAhI trAhI karAvI zake, te kAMI pite lIdhe maMdavADa bhegavyA vinA ja AMkha mIMcAI gaI meLavela rAjahakamata ane sainyanI saradArIne lIdhe ja hoya ke koIka akasmAtamAM sapaDAyo hoya ane tethI kevaLa hoya tenA karatAM. pitAne vArasAmAM maLela turata maraNa nIpajyuM hoya. rAjabaLa-sattA sAmagrIne lIdhe che ema mAnavuM vadhAre uparanA varNanathI ema sAra nIkaLI zake che ke ucIta kahevAze. eTale vRddhirAje nijhAma rAjyavALA vRddhirAjanA samaye kaliMga sAmrAjyane vistAra mahA- bhAga upara potAnI sattA jamAvI dIdhI hatI ema rAja kSemarAjanA maraNa samaye je hato temAM ghaNI vRddhi mAnavuM ja rahe che; te sthiti nIpajAvavAmAM pachI thavA pAmI hatI. A vRddhi dakSiNahiMdanA pazcima taTa bhale yuvarAja khAravelanoja mukhya hAtha heya. chatAM uparanA pradezamAM ja mukhyatve thaI hatI. tenA kAryavAhaka te banAva pitA vRddhirAjanA rAjyakALe banyo hovAthI ane netA tarIke yuvarAja bhikhurAjano ja hAtha saMbhave che. tenI kIrti te tenA phALe ja caDAvavI rahe che. bIjI yuvarAje je caDAI dakSiNamAM pAMDyA rAjya upara hakIkata dakSiNa hiMda tarapha yuvarAje karelI kucane tathA ridvIpa tarapha karI hatI tenuM varNana hAthI- lagatI kahevAya. upara tenuM varNana karI devAyuM che. guMphAnA zilAlekhamAM pita karela che ane tenuM uDatuM eTale siddha thAya che ke rAjA vRddhirAjanA samaye vRtAMta ApaNe rAjA khAravelanA jIvanacaritra karavAnuM ja dakSiNa hiMdanA ghaNA moTA bhAga upara kaliMgapatinI che eTale atra vizeSa karavA jevuM rahetuM nathI. rAjA vRddhi nejA pharakatI zarU thaI gaI hatI. matalaba e thaI ke, rAjanuM maraNa i. sa. pU. 4ra9mAM thayAnuM nedhavuM rahe che. rAjA kSemarAje vArasAmAM Apela pradezamAM, rAjA tenuM nAma je vRddhirAja che te teNe sArthaka karI vRddhirAje potAnA rAjya amale, pazcime Avela batAvyuM lAge che. te nAma teNe gAdIe AvatAM ja nIjhAmI pradezavALA mulakanI tathA kRSNA nadInI dhAraNa karyuM hatuM ke, teNe rAjya pradezamAM ati vRddhi dakSiNe Avela ghaNuM meTA bhAganI vRddhi karI hatI; karI dIdhI hevAthI, jema rAjA naMda pahelAne naMdi- ane AvA vRddhigata rAjyanI salAmata gAdI upara vardhananI upamA devAI hatI tema Ane paNa vRddhi- birAjavAne rAjA khAravela bhAgyavaMta thayo hato ke rAja kahIne bolAvavAmAM Avyo hato te vizenI jethI gAdIe besatAM tarata ja pitAnA harIphane haMphAvI pUratI mAhitI maLatI nathI. paraMtu eTaluM to cokkasa tenA upara jIta meLavIne, temane (saMdhrapatione) AMdhra lAge che ke, pitAne vArasAmAM je mulaka maLyo hato bhatyAjha67 tarIke oLakhAvavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. (5) AgaLa upara hAkIguphAnA lekhamAM pati 2 ja pu. 76 pR. 86 thI 95 yugapurANanI hakIktanuM avataraNa, nuM varNana juo. tyAM zAtavaMzI ariSThakarNane pIcho zakarAjAe lIdhAnI hakIkta (66) zilAlekhamAM zAtakaraNI rAjA lakhyo che. paraMtu tene che. te ariSThakarNa A zrImukha zAtakaraNane vaMza ja che. rAta rAjA tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. juo buddhi prakAza (17) Adha(r)tyAjhanA artha mATe juo. 5.3.pa. 4-75.

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- - - - - - - dvitIya pariracheda cedivaMza (cAlu) TaMkasAra-(3) rAjA khAravela, urphe bhikhurAja uphe dhamarAja-tene samaya je manAve che tenAthI keTaleya pUrve te che, tenI upADela carcA-pracalita mAnyatA che ke magadhapati bahaspatimitra te ja puSyamitra gaNAya, tenI asatyatA sAbita karavA mATe, ApavA paDelA lagabhaga vIsa purAvA tathA te upara karelo vidhavidha dRSTie vivAda- uparAMta judI ja rIte carcA upADIne tene karI Apela nirNaya- ' hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM je 103 ne AMka vAparavAmAM AvyuM che tene vidvAnoe naMda ane mirca saMvatane gaNAvyuM che, paraMtu te tema nathI, tenI lIdhelI aneka dRSTithI tapAsa-ane bhinna bhinna vityA batAvI ApelI tenI azakyatA-vaLI te AMka cedi saMvatane ke mahAvIra saMvatane hoI zake ke kema tenI paNa carcA upADIne, chevaTe bAMdhI Apela niradhAra

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252 khAravelane [ dazama khaMDa. (3) khAravela; bhikhurAja; dharmarAja viSayamAM rasa-AnaMda lenAra lagabhaga sarva vidvAnoe rAjA vRddhirAjanA maraNa pachI tene yuvarAja eka avAje evo mata bAMdhyo che ke, rAjA khArabhikhurAja I. sa. pU. 429=ma. saM. 18mAM khAra- vela te zuMgavaMzanA sthApaka puSyamitrane samakAlIna vela nAma dhAraNa karI kaliMga sAmrAjyane samrATa hatA. temaja A puSyamitrane samaya, mAtra thoDAMka varSanI banyo hato. vadhaghaTa sivAya lagabhaga cokkasa karI zakAya che. A gata paricchede cedinI utpatti vizenI carcA uparathI khAravelano samaya paNa nakkI karI, tenA karatAM sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, divaMza ane pUrvajono-vRddhirAja tathA kSemarAjano-samaya temanA cedideza te be nAmane kAIka rAjyakALanA AMkaDA mUkI, gaNI kADhavAmAM AvyA tene samaya akaLa kAraNane lIdheja joDANa che. ApaNe paNa temanA ja pagale cAlIne prathama na thaI gayuM che. jema A prazna khAravelane samaya nakkI karavAne prayAsa karyo che ane vismayanuM eka aMga banI cUkayuM che, tema kaliMgapati te goThavAI javAthI tenA AdhAre prathamanA be tarIke cedivaMzanuM nAma paNa bhAratanA prAcIna Iti- purUSAnA rAjyakALa AMkI kADhaye che. A kAraNane hAsamAM amUka-khAsa prasaMgane laIne ja AgaLa paDI lIdheja atyAra sudhI pragaTa thaI cUkela dareka pustaka gayuM che. divazane nAma kaliMgapati tarIke je maza- jyAM jyAM vaMzanA prAraMbhanA samaya vize kAMI paNa hara thaIne khyAti pAmyuM hoya te A khAravela ullekha karavAnI jarUra lAgatI. tyAM tyAM teno nizcita cakravatIe karAvela hAthIguphAnA zilAlekhane lIdheja karI rAkhela samayaja jaNAvI dIdho che ane rImArkache. tema khuda kaliMganuM nAma hiMdI ItihAsanA rasajJa nedha karI che ke, vizeSa AdhAra ane purAvAnA purUSa ane abhyAsIonA jIllA je caDavA pAmyuM pramANa ApI carcA karavAnuM ane nirNaya upara heya te khAravela cakravartInI kArakidI karatAM tyAM AvavAnuM kAma, rAjA khAravelanuM jIvana lakhavAno ubhA karAvela samrATa priyadarzinanA khaDaka lekheneja prazna upasthita thAya tyAM sudhI te viSaya mulatavI vizeSa aMze AbhArI che. eTale kaliMga dezanA rAja- rAkhavAnI jarUra che. have te sthiti AvI pahoMcI kIya ItihAsa sAthe A be mahAparAkramI rAjavIonAM che eTale tenI vistArapUrvaka carcA karIzuM. jIvanane ghATe saMbaMdha hovo joIe ema kalpI zakAya vidvAnoe ane niSNAtoe puSyamitrane ane che. A bemAMnA vizeSa pratApI samrATa priyadarzinanA khAravelane samakAlIna mAnyuM hovAnuM jaNAvI gayA samayanuM varNana pu. 2mAM tenA jIvanavRttAMta lakhatI chIe. Ama karavAmAM temaNe rAjA khAravelanA hAthIdhakhate jaNAvI gayA chIe, jyAre cakravartI khAra- guphAnA zilAlekhamAM darzAvela keTalIka hakIkata upara velane vRttAMta A pariccheda karavuM rahe che. te jANI tathA temAMnA eka be sthaLe tenA samayadarzana mATe lIdhA bAda, te bannenI sarakhAmaNI karavAnuM ApaNe TAMkela AMka saMkhyA upara, mukhyapaNe AdhAra rAkhyo mATe sUtara thaI paDaze. che. eTale darajaje ApaNe paNa temanuM ja anukaraNa A kaliMgapati cedivaMzI rAjAonA samayanI karyuM che, paraMtu je matabheda ubhe thayo che te, te govaNI hAthIgakAnA zilAlekhamAM kotarAvela banA- AMkaDAnI mAnyatAne aMgeja thayA che. vonI samayAvaLIne AdhAre karavAmAM AvI che. A te AMkaDAnI carcA paNa rasaprada to che ja, paraMtu 1) A nAma teNe pite dhArela hatAM evuM teNe (2) teTalA mATe A baMne rAjAvIonAM rAjakIya kAtaravela hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI spaSTa thAya che. te mATe tathA sAmAjIka jIvananI sarakhAmaNI AgaLa upara karI batAjuo AgaLanA tRtIya pario vavI paDI che.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] samaya 253 te samajavAne kAragata thaI paDe tevI bhUmikA ubhI rIte tene samaya TharAvavA mATenA je aneka muddAo karavAnI AvazyakatA dekhAya che. te mATe nakArAtmaka AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM TAMkIne te upara carcA jagADI purAvA (Negative proofs) prathama laIne amuka che temAMnA keTalAka te prasaMgopAta ane pRthakapaNe sthiti pramANa purassara sthApita karIzuM. te bAda AvI gayA hazeja. te sarva prathama vAMcI javAthI - pratyakSa-hakArAtmaka purAvA ( Positive proofs ) atra karavAmAM Avela vivAdanI majabUtAI vizeSapaNe laIne te sthitine majabUta karIzuM ane chevaTe daSTigocara thaze. Affirmative proofs (nizcayadarzaka purAvAthI)nI nakArAtmaka tathA pakSa muddAo tapAsaNI karIne tene nizcita karIzuM. A traNa jAtanAM (Negative and indirect evidences) pramANeno je nirdeza anna karavAmAM Avyo che (1) AMdhavaMzanA sthApaka tarIke zAtakaraNI te saghaLAM aitihAsika banAvonAMja che eTale tenI zrImukhane gaNavAmAM Avyo che. vaLI rANI nAganikAe satyAsatyatA vize ApaNe badhA nirbhayaja rahI zakIzuM. kotarAvela zilAlekhanI hakIkatanA AdhAre tUTatA makaDA A banAvo uparathI eka vakhata jevI bhUmikA siddha meLavIne ja tene puSyamitrane samakAlIna karAvyo che. thaI gaI che, pachI tene AMkaDAnI kasoTIe kasI eTale ke rAjA puSyamitra tathA zimukhanI hayAtI jotAM jarA paNa vilaMba thavAnuM nathI. pariNAme atyAra dhavaMzanI utpatti thaI te samayanI mAnavAmAM AvI sudhI cAlI AvelI mAnyatAmAM-ke rAjA khAravela che. A eka sthiti thaI; bIjI bAju, cakavartI khAravele ane puSyamitra ane eka bIjAnA samakAlIna hatA kAtarAvela hAthIguphAnA zilAlekha AdhAre suprasiddha temAM, kiMcita paNa aMza samAyela che ke kema te vAta che ke, rAjA zrImukhane teNe pote harAvyo hato. vAcaka samakSa ApoApa dIpakanI peThe pratyakSa thaI jaze. eTale ke rAjA zrImukha tathA cakavartI khAravela eka prathama ApaNe nakArAtmaka prasaMgonI samAlocanA bIjanA samakAlIna thayA. have jyAre rAjA zrImukha karIzuM, eTale ke puSyamitra ane khAravela eka bIjAnA eka pakSe rAjA puSyamitrane samakAlIna ane bIjA sahakALavatI hoI na zake tenI dalIlo vicArI pakSe cakravatI khAravelane samakAlIna thayo che, tyAre joIzuM. AmAMnI keTalIka carcA pu. 3 pR. 66 thI bhUmitinA siddhAMta pramANe te traNe rAjavIo arasakare sudhI puSyamitranA vRttAMta nIce karI gayA chIe parasanA saha samayI thayAja kahevAya. A pramANe te joI levI. banavA joga che ke tyAM lakhela viga- vartamAnakALe eka etihAsika vidhAnanI racanA karavAmAM tenuM ahIM, eka yA bIjA svarUpamAM punarUccAraNa AvI che. te barAbara che ke kema te ApaNe tapAsIe paNa thAya. chatAM dalIlane joza ane jema barAbara ane tenA pariNAmamAMthIja ApaNane joItI khyAlamAM AvI zake mATe, tema karavAnI jarUriyAta hakIkatane uttara maLI jaze. lAgatAM atre e utArI che ema samajI levuM. tevIja [TIppaNa--zrImukha ane khAravela banne sama (7) pRthakapaNe lakhAI gayA che. mAtra yAdadAsta tAcha nI hakIkatane pArA. karavA mATe tathA atre lakhyA uparAMta paNa bIjA muddAo * pu. 1. pR. 388; khAravela pelI suvarNa pratimA ubhA karI zakAya te mATe, vAcakane vinaMti che ke temaNe nIce bahaspatimitra pAsethI laI gayo tenuM varNana. : pramANe varNana vAMcI javuM. pu. 3. pR. 66thI 72 puSyamitranA vRttAMtamAM tenI samapu. 1. pR. 154 thI 156-dhanakaTakanA varNanamAM "A deza kAlIna vyaktionA mathALA taLa kareluM vivecana 4.111nI TIkA upara sattA kenI te nAmane pArigrApha pu. 3 pR.155 DimeTIasa ane minenDaranA vRttAMta pU. 1, pR. 35 "bahaspatimitra vize vaLI kAMIka" avAranavAra karela che.

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khAravela ane puSyamitra [ zama khaMDa " te vaMzanI sthApanA azAkanI pUrve ghaNAM varSe thaI gaI che tyAre zrImukhane samaya paNa azeAkanI pUrve ja--ane te paNa ghaNAM ghaNAM varSa pUrve thaI gayA mAnavA paDe. tema vaLI upara teA evuM kahI gayA chIe ke, puSyamitranI pUrve ja keTalAMka varSe azAka thaI gayA che. eTale teA zrImukha ane puSyamitra vaccenuM aMtara vaLI era vadhI paDayuM gaNAya. have vicArA ke, zrImukhane puSyamitranA samakAlIna kahevA te sAcuM, ke zrImukhanA astitvane puSyamitra pahelAM ghaNAM ghaNAM varSonuM mAnavuM te sAcuM ? A pramANe vidvAneAnAM potAnAM kathanamAM ja virAdhAbhAsa dekhAi Ave che. sAra e che ke, zrImukhane ane puSyamitrane jarA paNu samakAlInapaNuM saMbhavatuM nathI ja. ] eTaluM teA ceAkkasa che ja ke, mairyavaMzI samrATa azAkanA maraNa pachI keTalAMya varSa sudhI mauryavaMza cAlyeA chaeN ane te bAda puSyamitranA zRMgavaMzanI sthApanA thai che. eTale ema siddha thayuM ke, azeka ane puSyamitra vacce keTalAMya varSanuM aMtara che. bIjI mAjI, samrATa azekanA rAjadarabAre grIka elacI megesthenIjha je AvyA hatA, teNe te samayanI hiMdanI rAjakIya paristhiti vizenuM keTaluMka varNana karI atAvyuM che; temAM eka hakIkata evI paNu jaNAvI dIdhI che ke, sainika baLa dharAvatA dezAmAM prathama sthAna magadhanuM che ane tenAthI ja utaratuM eTale naMbara khInnae AMdhradezanuM che. eTale tAtparya e thayeA ke, magadhapatisamrATa azAkanA samaye aMtinuM sthAna, sainikabaLanI apekSAe mAtra azekathI ja utaratuM hatuM. ane e te dekhItuM ja che ke, je AMdhra patinA nAmanI phphATatI hAya ane mahAparAkramI narapatinI gaNunAmAM jenuM nAma mUkAtuM heAya, tevI sthitivALuM rAjya kAMI AjakAlamAM te ugI nIkaLyuM. na ja hAya. tene sthApita thayAne ane te bAda, upara jaNAvyA pramANenI sthitie pahoMcavAne keTalAye kALa vyatIta thaI gayA havA joie. eTale kahevAnA tAtparya e che ke, AdhravaMzanI je sthiti megesthenIjhe varNavI che te AMvaMzanI sthApanA te azakatI pUrve dhaNAM varSArANI nAganikAnA lekha, samrATa aze!ka temaja pahelAM thai gaSTha gaNAya. vaLI ApaNe jANIe chIe rAkhta dazarathanA nikaTavartI samayanA manAya che (eTale ke AMdravaMzane sthApaka tA zrImukha ja che. eTale jyAre ke I. sa. pU. 300 AsapAsanA). (2) paraMtu tenI (2) mi. raeNpsana, pAtAnA pustakamAM rANI nAganikAnA zikSAlekhanA samayanI carcA karatAM kahe che ke,' It may be placed a little, but not much, later than Ashok's & But what in my Dasarath's edict. opinion, most clearly proves that they belong to one of the first Andhras, is that their graphic peculiarities fully agree with those of the Nasik inscriptions (No. 1) of Kanha's or Krishna's reign=azAka ane dazarathanA zilAlekha karatAM tenA samaya bhale thADeAka--paNu ahu lAMkhe| nahIM-pUrvanA gaNI zakAtA hoya; paraMtu Ava AMdhra rAjAeAne lagatA che evA je mArA mata vadhAre spaSTa thatA jAya che tenuM kAraNu ema che ke, temanI lipinI viziSTatAo, kanha athavA kRSNanA rAjye krAtarAyala (naM. 1) nAsikanA lekhAne saMpUrNapaNe maLatI Ave che. " A lakhANunI matalaba e thAya che ke (1) " . (4) juo / A OM. pU, 19 thI 21 254 kAlIna che te nirvivAda satya gaNAya, kemake zilAle khamAMja te hakIkata jIvADela che. paraMtu zrImukhane puSyamitranA samakAlIna TharAvavAne kAMi pramANa rajI karyuM nathI; mAtra keTalIka hakIkatAne ADIavaLI macaDIne maMkADA meLavI dIdhA che, jo ke te pramANe sthiti na heAvAnuM jaNAvavAne ApaNI pAse dhaNI khAbA paDI che. te bAbateA kramekrame AgaLanI dalIlAmAM pragaTa thatI jaNAze paraMtu atre teA bIjIja hakIkata laIne te mAnyatAnI satyAsatyatA vicArIzuM.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] ' samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM 255 lipi vigere, rAjA kanDa athavA kRSNanA nAsikanA pachI game te sthaLano te hoya ke game te samayanA zilAlekhane maLatI Ave che tethI pote [mi. resanI rAjAne heya, to paNa ekaja jAtanI prAkRta bhASAnA te lekhane AMdhravezInA prathama puruSanA samayano akSaro temAM mAlama paDyA kare che. eTale sAra e hovAnuM mAne che. [garbhita katharna ema nIkaLe che ke, thayo che, je samaye prAkRta bhASA bolAtI-lakhAtI - AMdhruvaMzInA Adya purUSano samaya azokanI paNa hatI te vakhate ja AdhavaMzI rAjAonI sattA cAlI pahelAMne che. ApaNe teno samaya I. sa. pU. 425 rahI hatI. bIjI bAju ApaNe jANIe chIe ke AsapAsa eTale ke azakanI pahelAM savAre prAkRtane pracAra baMdha paDayA pachI saMskRta bhASAne varSane TharAvyo che] A banne hakIkatanuM pRthakkaraNa pracAra thavA mAMDayo che. tema vaLI samrATa priyadarzinanA karIzuM to ema bhAvArtha nIkaLe che ke (1) rANI lekha parathI samajAya che ke tenA samaya sudhI to prAkRta nAganikAno lekha, rAjA kanhanA samayano ja lagabhaga bhASA cAlu hatI ja. tema zaMgavaMzanA amalamAM kahI zakAya (2) rAjA kaha-kRSNa te AMdhruvaMzI prathama thayela mahAbhASyakAra pataMjalI mahAzayanA rasamayathI ja purUSemAM eka che. (3) ane rANI nAganikAnA saMskRtane pracAra vadhavA mAMDe che. te hisAbe ema lekhano samaya, azoka ke dazarathanA samayanI Asa- sAbita thayuM ke, Adya AMdravaMzI rAjAo rAjA pAsane mAnI levAyo che te barAbara nathI. A puSyamitra zRMganA amala pahelAnA thaI gayA che. A muddAonuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM to ema samayAvaLI pramANe sarve rAjAo jyAre puSyamitranA purogAmI goThavI zakAze ke, sauthI prathama AMdhruvaMzanA sthApaka Thare che to te vaMzano Adya sthApaka zrImukha to vizeSa rAjA zrImukha, tenA pachI tarata ja ke thoDAMka varSe purogAmI the kahI zakAze. pachI samakAlIna thaye rAjA kRSNa urphe kanDa, tenA pachI rANI nAganikA, hato ema mAnavAnuM ja kyAM rahyuM ? ane teNInI pachI keTalAM be varSa azoka ane rAjA (4) hAthIguphAnI dIvAla uparanAM sarve citro dazaratha thayA che. jyAre puSyamitra te tenI ye pAchaLaja namadazAmAM citarAyelAM che. eTale ke rAjA khAravelanA - thayo che. je A pramANe sthiti dekhAya che -zilA- samaye saMsArathI virakta thayela sarve RSi mahAtmAo lekhathI Rbita thAya che-te pachI puSyamitra zuMgavaMzIne digaMbara avasthAmAM ja vicaratA hatA. jyAre mahAzI rIte AMdhruvaMzanA sthApaka zrImukhanA samakAlIna rAjA priyadarzinanA khaDakalekhathI jaNAya che ke, temanA tarIke mAnI zakAya ? samaye zvetavastra dhAraNa karavAno ravaiyo vizeSa jorathI (3) vaLI te ja sikkAzAstrI mi. phesana eka cAlu thaI rahyo hato. tethI ema siddha thayuM kahevAze ThekANe AgaLa jatAM lakhe che ke, "The coin ke, khAravelane samaya-athavA kahe ke hAthIguphAnA legends of Andhras in every district lekhane samaya-mahArAjA priyadarzinanI pUrvane che; ane and at all periods without exception priyadarzinanI pahelAno thayo eTale puSyamitranI pUrvene are in same Prakrit language= pradezanA to Apa Apa siddha thaI cUkyo ja gaNAze. tema sikkA uparanA akSaronI lipi, dareka prAMtamAM ane bIjI bAju rAjA zrImukha ane khAravela banne samadareka samaye, eka paNa apavAda sivAya ekanI eka kAlIna che ja eTale sUtrasiddhAMtanA niyame rAjA prAkRta ja che." kahevAno matalaba e che ke jeTalA zrImukhane paNa puSyamitrathI ghaNuM ghaNu varSe purogAmI pradezanA sikkAo maLI zake che te sarve upara, cha gaNo rahe che. (5) teja ko. o. re. nuM pustaka pAri. 153

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* [ dazama khaMDa khAravela ane puSyamitra (5) hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana karatAM eka lekhaka magadhapati jevA mahAna rAmrATane namAvyAthI sArthaka mahAzaye jaNAvyuM che ke, Kharvela invaded karI batAvyuM jaNAya che. tema bIjI bAju, magadha Magadh and laid siege to Rajagrihi samrATanA jevA ja lazkarI baLa dharAvatA aMdhrapati and that four years later, he captured rAjA zrImukhane teNe kabaje karyo che (jIo AgaLa the royal palace (at Pataliputra) and upara hAthIguphA lekhanI paMkti 4 nuM varNana). AvAM made the Raja of Magadha fall at AvAM meTAM be sAmrAjyanA samrATane je purUSa harAvI his feet=khAravele magadha upara caDAI karI ane zake tene cakravata te zuM, paNa mahAna cakravartI kahevAmAM ne ghero ghAlyo ane te bAda cAra varSa paNa, lezamAtra saMkoca dhArI zakAya nahIM. eTale bIjI (pATaliputra nagare)9 rAjamahelanI AsapAsa te pharI rIte ema kahitArtha thAya che ke, uparanA be moTA vaLyo ane pitAnA paga pAse magadhanA rAjAne samrATa jevA rAjavIone khAravelano rAjakIya Azraya namAvyo." eTale ke rAjA khAravele magadha upara be ApadakALe maLI rahe tevI sthiti niSpanna thaI cUkI vakhata caDhAI karI hatI. prathama vakhate magadha upara hatI. A pramANe eka sthiti hatI. jyAre bIjI humale laI jaI rAjagRhIne ghero ghAlyo hato, jyAre bAju ItihAsakAre vaLI ema jaNAve che ke, rAjA bIjI vakhata tethI paNa AgaLa vadhIne pATaliputra puSyamitra, pATaliputra upara caDAI laI jaIne, magadhanagare rAjamahela sudhI pahoMcI jaI, tyAMnA rAjAne patine jItI lIdhA hatA ane AkhA pATaliputra zaherane tAbe karI-parAjaya pamADI-pitAnA page namAvyo khAdI karIne verAna jaMgala jevuM banAvI dIdhuM hatuM. hate. matalaba ke kaliMgapati khAravele magadhapati rAja eTale te itihAsakAronA matathI ema siddha thAya che ke, upara saMpUrNa uparI adhikAra meLavavA jevuM, te puSyamitranA samayane magadhapati ati nabaLe hevAthI, samaye paribaLa prApta karI vALyuM hatuM. eTale kahevuM taddana parAjaya pAmI gayo hata; te eTale sudhI ke rahe che ke, teNe pote je cakravartI khAravelanuM birUda magadha samrATa pitAnIja AMkha AgaLa pitAnA dhAraNa karyuM hovAnuM lekha uparathI samajAya che te rAjanagaranI karAtI durdazA lAcAra banIne joI rahyo (6) juo I. hi kathai. pu. 5 sane 1929 te hakIkta jarA atizyaktI paDatI lAge che, paraMtu pR. 587 hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM te pramANe che eTale zaMkA karavAnuM (7) brekeTamAM zabdo che te lekhaka mahAzayanAja che. kAraNa rahetuM nathI. eka vakhata kahevuM ke rAjagRhI ne ghero ghAlyo hato ne bIjI (9) A hakIkata kevI rIte asaMbhavita che te pu. 3 vakhate kahevuM ke pATaliputra nagare rAjamahelanI AsapAsa pR. 68-69 mAM batAvI ApyuM che te juo. pharI vaLe. Ama kahevAmAM be kAraNo haze. ekate, prathama vaLI puSyamitrane eka vakhata magadhapati jaNAve che vakhatanI caDAI veLA rAjagRhane ghero ghAlyo hato ane bIjI tyAre bIjI bAju tene ja magadhapati upara caDAI lAvate vakhata tethI AgaLa vadhIne pATaliputra' gayo hato ema (juo. pu. 3 pR. 57) jaNAve che. te banne vAkayane kahevAne bhAvArtha paNa hoya; ane bIjuM kAraNa ema hoya sumeLa jAmato nathI. te hakIkta paNa puSyamitranA vRttAMta ke, rAjagRhamAM te samaye mahela nahIM hoya ema temanuM mAM jaNAvI che. kathana paNa thayuM hoya. vaLI puSyamitra te rAjagAdIe besavA pAmyo nathI. A baMne kAraNe sabaLa nathI. tenI carcA karI tene putra agnimitra hajI gAdIe AvIne samrATa jevI rakta; paraMtu akSara brekeTamAM mukAyA che eTale kahevApaNuM kIrti meLavI zakyo che. eTale jyAM puSyamitranuM nAma che rahetuM nathI. tyAM agnimitranuM nAma lekhAya te kAMIka hakIkata cheDIka (8) eka samrATane bIje samrATa pitAnA page namAve maLatI Ave che kharI.

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dvitIya paricheda ] samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM 257 hatuM. have bane kathananI sarakhAmaNI karo. eka te hakIkatane AdhAre sAbita thAya che ke, rAjA vakhata jaNAvAyuM ke magadhapatine khAravela cakravatI khAravela pote samrATa caMdraguptano ane paM. cANayajIno jevA mahAna cakravatanI haMpha hatI, ane bIjI vakhata purogAmI hovo joIe; ane temane puragAmI purakahyuM ke tevI sthitimAM te hovA chatAM, tenAthI aneka vAra thayo eTale temanA pachI thanAra puSyamitrane gaNe nAno rAjA-rAjyanI samRddhi ane vistAranI te purogAmI svayaMsiddha thaI gayoja; balka dIrdha samayI apekSAe-evo puSyamitra magadha upara caDI Avyo puregAmI hato ema kahevuM paDaze. hata ne rAjanagaranI khAnA kharAbI karI vALI hatI. (7) khAravelanA lekha uparathI jaNAya che ke, A banne vAtamAM kAMI satyAMza dekhAya che! haragIja teNe be vakhata magadhadeza upara halA karyA che10 nahIM. eTale sAbita thAya che ke, cakravatI khAravelanA ane banne vakhate teNe rAjagRhInuM ja nAma lIdhuM chesamaya daramiyAna puSyamitra zuMgavaMzIno samaya hoI bake eka vakhata rAjagRhI ane bIjI vakhata pATaliputra zake ja nahIM. teTalA mATe te banene keI kALe sama- paNa hoya (juo uparamAM TI. naM. 6)-te hakIkata kAlIna hovAnuM paNa kahI zakAze nahIM. ema siddha kare che ke, khAravelanA samaya sudhI (6) khAravele pote ja hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM rAja- magadhadezanA rAjanagara tarIke rAjagRhInuM sthAna keTaleka nItinI carcA karatAM (juo lekhanI paMkti 10) aMze jaLavAI rahyuM hatuM; pachI thoDe aMze ke ghaNe rAjanIti zAstranA traNa prakAra=Three divisions aMze, te vAta alaga rAkhIe. jyAre pATaliputranI of politics, jaNAvyA che temAM daMDa, saMdhi ane pATanagara tarIkenI sthApanA ane pasaMdagI, bhale samrATa sAma (samajAvaTa=War, Peace and Conci- udayanabhaTanA samayathI thaI gaI che kharI; paraMtu liation: or Punishment. Peace and Com- $14Hal 2016 dets a 1920 al 2131.12 Rice Hall promise ne nirdeza karyo che; paraMtu bhedanI nIti= samaye ane te bAda ja thaI che. A hakIkatathI DissentionsnuM nAma lIdhuMja nathI. eTale samajavuM sAbita thaI jAya che ke, khAravelanI magadha uparanI rahe che ke khAravelanA samaya bAda A cothA prakAranI caDAI caMdraguptanA samaya pUrve thaI hatI. rAjanItine upayoga thayo hovA joIe. matalaba (8) hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM magadhapati tarIke ke te prakAranI rAjanItino AraMbha thayo hoya tenI bRhaspatimitranuM (bRhaspatirAja nAma hevAnuM keTalAkanI pUrve rAjA khAravela thaI gayo che. ItihAsane abhyAsa mAnyatA che-game te vastu lo) nAma Apela che zIkhave che ke, maurya samrATa caMdraguptanA samaye temanA (juo lekhanI paMkti 12) ane tene khAravele rAjapurohita ane mahAamAtya paMDita cANakayae namAvyAnI hakIkata che. A bRhaspatimitranI pAchaLa11 ja A bhedanItino prathama upadeza AgaLa dharyo che ane agnimitra gAdIe Avyo che eTale ke brahaspatimitra amalamAM paNa kadAca temaNe ja mUkyo hoya. eTale pitA thayo ane agnimitra putra thaze. jyAre purANomAM (10) A pramANe atyAre mAnyatA cAle che. ame che ke, temAM keInuM nAma prahaspatimitra ja lakhyuM nathI. tenAthI jarA jUdA mata upara chIe, te AvatA parike te prazna che ke, bahaspatimitrane zuMgavaMzI karAvI zI hAthIguphAnA vivaraNamAM jaNAvela che. rIte dIdhe? (11) ja. e. bI. vI. se. pu. 13 pR. 242- bIjuM, bahaspatimitra pachI agnimitra ja gAdIe On the evidence of coins=sikAnA purAvAne lIdhe beTho hato e paNa upara darzAvela nAmamAM purA ke A pramANe zabdo lakhyA che; ane te bAda zuMgavaMzI mitrA- sAbitI kayAM che ? temAM te maracha AvyA pramANe saghaLAM timAkSarI rAjAonAM nAme jaJAvyAM che. paraMtu khUbI e nAma ApI dIdhAM che eTaluM ja,

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khAvela ane puSyamitra 25: 4. e te sutra sahu vAta che ke, agnamitranA pitAnuM nAma purNamatra hatuM. eTale A bRhaspati teja puSya mitra, ema manAvavA prayatna thayA che. ane khAravele bRhaspatimitrane harAvyA eTale puSyamitrane ja harAvyA che ema mAnI khAravelane ane puSyamitrane bannene samakAlIna TharAvyA che. [ TIkA-jo bRhaspatimitra teja puSyamitra che ema Thare, teA vidvatAnI sarvamAnyatA svayaMsiddha thai jAya che. paraMtu prathama prazna tA e che ke puSyamitrane magadhapati TharAvavAnAM pramANeA ja kayAM che ? te magadhati hoya te ja khAravela tenA upara humalA laI jaI zake ne ?] chatAM jo A bRhaspatimitra te puSyamitranuM bIjuM nAma che ema kabUla rAkhIe te tenA atha e thayA ke rAjA khAravele puSyamitrane harAvyA hatA. A kathana temanA potAnA ja zabdonI virUddha jAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM balke hAsyAspada dekhAI jAya che; kemake vidvAnAnI mAnyatA tA ema che ke (jue uparanI dalIla ceAthI tathA tenA TIppaNu naM. 8mAMnI hakIkata) puSyamitre pATaliputraupara-magadha upara-svArI karI hatI.17 eTale ke, caDAI lAvanAra puSyamitra pAte hatA. eka vakhata kahyuM ke magadhapati tarIke 4 teNe khAravelanA hAthe hAra khAdhI che, ane khIjI vakhate pAchuM kahyuM ke teNe te magadhapatine harAjye hatA. AvuM bane kharUM? matalaba ke badhI dalIleA ja DhaMgadhaDA vinAnI ane hAsya upajAvavA sarakhI che. (9) khAravele paMkti 12mAM jaNAvyuM che ke, teNe bRhaspatimitra magadhapatine peAtAnA page namAvIne aMga-magadhAnuM dhana te potAnA deza-kaliMgamAM laI AvyA [ dazama khaMDa hatA. have jo bRhaspatimitra eTale vidvAneAnA mata pramANe puSpamatra thatA hAya teA khAravelane kahevAtA artha e thayA ke, teNe aMga-magadhapati puSyamitrane harAjyeA ane dhana kaliMgamAM lALyA; vaLI temaNe khAravela ane puSyamitra ene samakAlIna gaNyA che. A eka sthiti thaI. bIjI khAju ema hakIkata che ke, puSyamitra pachI agnimitra gAdIe AvyA che. eTale je mulaka puSpamitranA kabajAmAM heAya, te agnimitrane vArasAmAM maLyAja kahevAya; te niyamAnusAra puSyamitranA aMga-magadhadeza agnimitrane gAdIe besatAM ja vArasAmAM maLyA hatA. tyAre bIjI bAju teA itihAsa ema jaNAve che ke, rAjA agnimitre khirAra (jene aMgadezanA eka bhAga kahI zakAya che) deza navesarathI jItIne tenA rAjAnI kuMvarI mAlavikA sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM. A pramANe eka vakhata kahyuM ke aMganA pradeza agnimitrane tAme ja hatA, ane bIjI vakhate kahyuM ke te upara caDAI laI jaine tene te meLavavA paDayA hatA. A zuM vAstavika kahevAya kharUM ! sAra e thAya che ke, pumitra te bRhaspatimitra nathI ja; tema te aMgatiye nathI ane magadhapatiye nathI ja. (12) vaLI nIcenI dalIla naM. 9 jue. tyAM paNa bRhaspatimitra teja puSpamitra che evuM nakkI mAnIne ja AgaLa carcA karye rAkhI che. (sarakhAve! upara TI. na. 9) (13) 'magadha upara caDAi karI hatI' A zabdo ja sUcave che ke te pAte magadhapati naheAte ja. ( tue ke. hi. IM. pR. 518 ) kharI hakIkata e che ke, pATaliputramAMthI AdI pheravIne priyadarzinanA vakhatathI avaMtimAM-vidizAmAM gAdI AvI che ( jIo priyadarzinanuM jIvana vRttAMta) vaLI A pramANe kevaLa * eka nAmanA dvIartha meLavIne temanuM joDANa karI devAthI kevI muzkelIe ubhI thAya che te mATe nIcenI dalIla naM. 10 jue. (10) paMDita jAyasvAlajIe ema prasiddha karyuM che ke,15 puSya nakSatrane svAmi bRhaspati che, eTale 'puSya' zabdane artha ja 'bRhaspati' thayA gaNAya; ane puSpanI pAchaLa mitra joDavAthI jema pumitra thAya eTale puSyamitra tathA agnimitranuM sthAna ava MtimAM ja hatuM. (14) jue uparanI TIkA naM. 11. eTale ke puSpa mitra magadhapati hateA ja nahIM. are ema kahIe ke teNe pATaliputranu DaeNAM paNa oyuM nahetuM te yAjabI kahevAze. tenA maraNa bAda keTalAMca varSa pachI, tenA putra agnimitre pATaliputra upara caDAI laI jaine pAyamAlI karI mUkI hatI. (15) e ja. khI. . rI. se. pu. 13 pU. 240-250

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dvitIya paccheida samakAlIna hoI zakeja nahIM 250 che tema bRhaspatinI pAchaLa mitra joDavAthI bRhaspati- chatAM skaMdagupta ane kumAragupta, e enI aikayatA jarAye mitra thAya che eTale puSyamitra teja bRhaspatimitra che. siddha nathI tema. eTale temanA kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, samAna artha ke bhAvArthavALA e zabdo hoya, temanI sAthe krAI anya pratyaya ke upasarga joDavAthI je samAsavALA e zabdo bane, te paNa pAchA ekaja arthavALA hAya evA kAMi ekAMta niyama che ja nahIM. ane peAtAnA te kathana mATe skaMdagupta ane kumAraguptanA dRSTAMta raju karyA che; ke jema skaMda ane kumAra banne nAme eka ja devanAM che, tenI sAthe gupta joDavAthI skaMdagupta ane kumAragupta zabdo khare che, chatAM te bannenA artha judA ja che, te khanne vyaktie judI ja che te ApaNe itihAsanA abhyAsathI jANIe ja chIe; te ja pramANe bRhaspatimitra ane puSyamitranuM samajI levuM. A pramANe temanA AkhAe kathananA sAra che. eTale ke jyAM sudhI puSyamitra te ja bRhaspatimitra, ema anya purAvA ane pramANathI siddha na thaI zake, tyAMsudhI mAtra zabdArthathI ja temanI aikayatA sAbita thayelI mAnI zakAya nahIM. ema gaNAya. A kathana-eTale ke pumitra te ja bRhaspatimitra-barAbara nathI ema ApaNe uparanI dalIla naM. 8 mAM aitihAsika banAvAnA pramANeA TAMkIne siddha karI khatAvyuM che ja. have khIjI rIte te maMtavyanI asiddhi batAvIe. paMDitajInA A maMtavya vize eka khIjA lekhaka potAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM kahe che ke16 "His identification of Brhaspatimitra with Pushyamitra...even if we admit that Brhaspati was also identified by the ancient Hindus with Pushya, that does not justify the identification of Brhaspatimitra with Pushyamitra, any more than the denotation of the same God by the terms Skanda and Kumar, justifies the identification of Skandagupta with Kumargupta="haspatimitranI oLakha puSyamitra sAthe temaNe (paM. jAyasvAlajIe) karAvI che. prAcIna hiMduee gRhaspatine puSya tarIke oLakhAvyA hatA ema ApaNe kabUla rAkhIe; te paNa bRhaspatimitra te ja puSyamitra evuM nyAyapUrvaka puravAra thatuM nathI; jema, eka ja devanuM nAma sUcavatA skaMda ane kumAra nAmanA e zabdo hAvA (16) jue. i. hiM. kA. sane 1929 nuM pu. pa pR. 57. (17) hAthIguphAmAM pUrUM nAma lakhAyaluM ja nathI ( AgaLanA paricchedamAM te lekhanI carcA che te jue tyAM prathamanA je be traNa akSarane atyAra sudhI ukelI zakAcA che, teja jAgyA che. pAchaLanA akSaro uDI gayA che. eTale ke Akhe! zabda zuM che tenI teA mAtra kalpanA ja geAThavAI che: bAkI je vaMcAyA che te DimiTa hAvAnuM karyuM che chatAM te ukela paNa sAcA hoya tema teA jaNAtuM ja nathI; evuM tenA lekhakanA zabdathI khule che. (11) naM. 10 mAM jema paM. jAyasvAlajIe khahaspatimitrane puSyamitra mAnI lai dalIla karI che paNa te have vAstavika puravAra thatI nathI, tema khIjI rIte pazu temaNe bRhaspatimitrane puSyamitra hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che. atra te muddo vicArIzuM. temanuM ema kahevuM che ke, hAthIguMphrAnA lekhanI puktimAM, rAjA khAravelane magadha upara caDI AvelA jANIne tathA jIta meLavyAnuM sAMbhaLIne DimeTrIasa7 nAmanA thI AgaLamAM lakhAyA che. tenA lekhaka kahe che ke, Mr. Jayaswal has described his difficulties before he could make out Dimita or Dimiti=DimITa ke DimiTi zabdanA pAte ukela karI zakayA te pUrve temane zuM zuM muzkelIo naDI hatI tenuM varNana pU. jAyasvAlajIe karela che. tAtpa e thayA ke, A zabda ukelavAmAM temane ghaNI muzkelIo naDI che; chatAM ukela karAyeA che te saMzayavALA paNa DeAvA sabhava che. (athavA kahe| ke, puSyamitra bRhaspatimitra ane khAravela A badhAM nAme hRdayamAM vasI rahyA hatAM eTale ja hRdayanA gu MjAravane anurUpa zabda Dimiya A AkhA lekha IM. hI, kavA. 1929 pu. pu. pR.4rodhI kaDhAyA che,

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khArela ane puSyamitra [ dazama khaMDa je yavana saradAra mathurA18 sudhI AvI cUkyo hato DimeTIasa zabda kotarAvavAmAM Avyo ja hatuM, tene gAMsaDA poTalAM bAMdhI, pIche haTha karavI paDI hatI- paNa evI kayAM sAbitI che ke, A DimeTrIasa athavA kahe ke mathurAthI pAcho haThIne te paMjAba tarapha te (pelA) bekaTrIanapati yuthIDImasane putra ane jato rahyo hata-te saradAra bIjo koI nahIM paNa pAchaLathI gAdIe AvanAra ja hatA ? temanA kahevAnI puSyamitrane samakAlIna je yavanapati (Bactrian matalaba e che ke (1) prathama te DamiTi ke King) DimeTrIasa (jenuM vRttAMta ApaNe pu. 3 DimeTrIasa zabda hovAnI paNa zaMkA che. (2) tathApi, pU. 15ramAM karI gayA chIe) hato te ja che. eTale carcA TUMkI karavA khAtara mAnI lyo ke te zabda ja ke lekhanA kathanamAM noMdhela DimeTIasa te puSyamitrano che, paNa temAM evI kakyAM mAhitI apAyelI che ke, samakAlIna che; tema DimeTrIasa te khAravelano samakAlIna te DimeTrIasa phalANe ja che; eTale ke, ItihAsamAM che ja, ema lekha pote jAhera kare che. eTale ke jyAre jene yuthIDImasanA putra tarIke lekhavyo che te ja DimeTrIasa puSyamitrane samakAlIna che ane khAra- A che ke, te sivAya keIbIje rAjA te nAmadhArI velane paNa samakAlIna kare che tyAre bhUmitinA thaye che? siddhAMta pramANe puSyamitra ane khAravela ba [ TIkAH-lekhamAM jyAM DimiTa zabda hovA vize ja samakAlIna ja kahI zakAya.. zaMkA ubhI thaI che tyAM ApaNe kAMI kahevApaNuM nathI. A pramANe sarva hakIkata hoya te te badhuM tyAM zuM zabda che ane kevo artha thAya che te mATe barAbara siddha thaI jAya ja che, paraMtu temanI mAnyatA ApaNe AgaLanA paricchede AkhAye lekhane artha ane dalIlavALe A lekha vAMcIne eka vidvAne paMktivAra vicAravAnA chIe. eTale ane tenI carcA pitAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM udagAra kADhayA che ke,19 mUkI daIzuM. chatAM pelA lekhake TuMkuM patAvavA jema sUcanA daut even if we admit for arguments' karI che, tema mAnI le ke te zabda DimeTIasa ja che sake that Demiti or Demitrius was ane DimeTrIasa nAmano koI bIjo rAjA thayo ja nathI engraved here, what evidence is there (juo nIcIne TI. naM. 21); eTale ke te yuthIDImasane to show, that this Demitrius can be putra ja che. chatAM prazna e che ke teNe mathurA sudhI no other than the son and successor AvavAnuM prayojana ja kayAM ubhuM thayuM hatuM? prathama of Euthiydemus of Bactria =paraMtu vAda- te DimeTrIasanA vRttAMte (juo pu. 3 pR. 151-5) vivAdanI khAtara ApaNe svIkArIe ke DimiTa ke ApaNe puravAra karI gayA chIe ke tenuM rAjya (18) mathurA nAmanA be zahere che (1) uttaranuM matharA zuM vAMcI zakAya che te mATe AgaLa upara hAthIguphAnA te sUrasena rAjyanI rAjadhAnI; je mathurA nAmathI prakhyAta lekhavALA pariccheda jue.]. che. (2) dakSiNanuM mathurA je tricinApalInI pAse (21) nIcenI TIkA naM. 23 juo, Avela che, jene kharI rIte mArA kahevAya che. (22) pu. 3. pR. 145 ne kaMThAmAM cAmuM Asana-bekalekhamAM madara che ke mathurA te barAbara tapAsavAnI TrIyAnA rAjAonAM nAme jue. jarUra che. banavA joga che ke ekane badale bIjuM zahera (23) IrAna, grIsa ane bekaTrIAnI gAdIe je nRpatimanAI gayuM che ane temAM paNa puSyamitranI ane khAravela e AvyA che temanAM nAmo joI lIdhAM che. DimeTrIasa nAmane nI ghaDa besAravA mATenI tAlAvelIe ja kAma karyuM dekhAya che ke, jenAM nAmane prathama bhAga DimiTI ke tene maLatA zabdo (19) jue che. hi, kaoNM. 1929 pu. 5. pR. 594 AvatA hoya te, koI bIjo narapati tha dekhAteM nathI. (20) uparanI TI, na. 17 juo: temAM zaMkA eTale samajAya che ke DimeTrIasa eka ja thayuM che ane te havAne prazna upasthita karyo che. [DimiTa zabdane badale yuthIDImasane je putra gaNAya che te ja che,

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dvitIya pariSada ]. samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM satalaja nadInI pUrve bIlakula laMbAyuM ja nathI. eTale upara paribhramaNa karavAne chUTe mUkI de che. A pramANe tene mATe mathurA sudhI AvavAnuM ja taddana asaMbhavita pharatA te azvane jyAre kAI aTakAyata kare nahIM tyAre che. bIjuM, je samaya khAravelane ApaNe nizcita ema mAnI levAya ke tenuM sArvabhaumatva dareka pradezanA karI batAvavAnA chIe te samaye mathurAnA pradeza rAjAne kabUla maMjUra che. have vicAre ke puSyamitre upara te rahyuM, paraMtu hiMdanI kaI bhUmi upara paNa te pramANe vartAva karyo hato. te te, tene azva ke paradezI saradAranI AMkha suddhAM e pharakI nathI; khAravelanA pradezamAM paNa javo ja joIe; ane tema te pachI yavana saradAranuM24 hiMdamAM AvavuM ane thAya che, je khAravele puSyamitrane nAke dama levarAvyo jamanA nadInA pradezamAM thANuM nAMkhavuM te prazna ja hoya, te AvI tenI tumAkhI calAvI lya khare kayAMthI upasthita thaI zake? ke? tema e paNa siddha che ke (temanA ja zabdathI) (12) A uparAMta bIjI keTalIka dalIlothI puSyamitranA maraNa bAda te khAravela jIvaMta hatA; rAjA puSyamitranA vRttAMta (te mATe juo pR. 3 eTale kAIne zaMkA uThAvavAne avakAza paNa rahe pU. 61 thI 72) lakhatAM ApaNe sAbita karI gayA nathI ke teNe (puSyamitre) khAravelanA mRtyu bAda tevA chIe ke, puSyamitra ane AMdhrapati rAjA zrImukha azvamedhano AraMbha karyo hato ? matalaba ke khoTuM te samasamayI hatA ja nahIM. eTale pachI puSyamitra ane khoTuM ja che. eTalA mATe kaI paNa rIte vAtane khAravela paNa samakAlIna hovAnuM sAbita nathI thatuM. barAbara meLa khAto nathI ja. sAra eTalo ja che ke, (13) puSyamitranuM gAdIe AvavuM vidvAnonI puSyamitra ane khAravelanI vacce samakAlIna paNa mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. pU. 188 che. 25 jyAre tadana abhAva ja che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa AgaLa khAravelane samaya i. sa. pU. 183 TharAvela che. ApaNe puravAra karI ApIzuM tema, te benI vacce eTale ke puSyamitra pAMca varase pahelo gAdIe beThe bahu ja lAMbA gALAnuM kahe ke aDhI sadI jeTaluM hatA ane khAravela pachI beTho hato ema gaNe che. aMtara-AveluM che. vaLI banee 76-36 varSa rAjya karyuM che. joke uparamAM, puSyamitra ane khAravelanA samayanA puSyamitrane 78 varSa paNa kaIke apyAM che. eTale anumAnika nirNaya upara AvavA mATe, ApaNe nakAra te hisAbe khAravela karatAM puSyamitra pAMca varSe vahele darzAvatI dalIlonI ja carcA hAtha dharI hatI. have (ane 38nI gaNatrIe traNa varSa pahelo) maraNa thoDIka hakAramAM javAba maLI Ave tevI dalIlo pAmyo che; athavA bIjI rIte kahIe te, puSyamitranA tapAsIe. jo ke uparamAM carcAyelI bAre dalIlone, maraNabAda paNa khAravela jIvata rahyo che. bIjI ApaNe negeTIva muphasa tarIke oLakhAvI che paraMtu bAjA ema hakIkata che ke puSyamitre potAnI uttarA- temAMnI keTalIka hakIkata evA prakAranI che ke, je vasthAmAM bIjo azvamedha karyo hato ane azvamedha tene uthalAvI nAkhIne savaLI karI vAMcIe, to te karavAnI mukhya sarata e hoya che ke, te yajJa karanAra hakAramAM javAba Ape tevI Positive proofs ja bhUpatino kaMI bIjo samevaDI hovo na joIe. dekhAI jAya tevI che. paNa ApaNe jo tema karIe tenI khAtrI karavA eka varSa agAuthI te pitAnA te te sarva carvitacUNita jevuM thaI jaze, eTale te yuvarAjanI nigAhabAnI nIce eka avane pRthvI kArya ApaNe na karatAM mAtra eTaluM sUcana ja atre (24) hiMdanI vAta alaga rAkhIe. paraMtu grIka, irAna dekhAtuM nathI, ke bekaTIAmAM paNa DimiTathI zarU thatuM hoya, evuM kaI (25) jue ja. ebI. pI. se. pu. 13 pR. 24 anya rAjAnuM nAma ja khAravelanA samaye, tyAM hoya ema (26) juo AgaLanA pAne,

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262 khAravela ane puSyamitra ' [ dazama khaMDa karIzuM ke, je vAcakavargane jIjJAsA hoya temaNe svataH laI gayo hato te samaye tyAM abhivijaya nAmanA te pramANe karI jevuM. bAkI ApaNe te uparanA rAjAnuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM, ane tenA rAjyanuM trIjuM bAra AMkanI sAthe joDIne ja tenA anusaMdhAna tarIke varSa27 (A pramANenA artha mATe AgaLanA paricchede have pachInI dalIlone raju karIzuM. hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana juo) besI gayuM hatuM. pojhITIva muphasa=hakAra javAba ApanArI, pratyakSa have je A silonapati rAjAonI nAmAvaLI tathA parAvAnI athavA sIdhA ja uttara maLe tevI : game te vaMzAvaLI sarakhAvIzuM to (jue pu. 2, pR. 264 nAma Ape. tevI lagabhaga aDadhA Dajhana jeTalI te TI. naM. 71) temAMthI tene samaya paNa nakkIpaNe maLI ApI zakAze ja; ane umeda che ke, utsAhI saMzodhaka rahe che. tyAM jotAM, A vijayarAjAno 28 amala ma. sa. te ja raNe jo vizeSa meLavavA dhAraze to anya 95=I. sa. pU. 4ramAM zarU thayo hovAnuM nIkaLe paNa ubhI karI zakaze ja. AvA mudAmAMnA keTalAka te che. te hisAbe tenuM trIjuM varSa eTale ma. sa. 98= khuda te hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMthIja labhya thAya che. I. sa. pU. 42929 Avaze ke jyAre khAravele (14) hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMnI trIjI paMktimAM yuvarAja tarIke silona upara caDAI karI hatI. paraMtu khAravele jaNAvyuM che ke, pitAnI 24 varSanI uMmara tyAM pote pitAnuM kArya saMpUrNa rIte Ape te pahelAM saMpUrNa thayA bAda tene rAjyAbhiSeka thayo che. te rAjyAbhiSeka karAvavA tene ekadama pAchA vaLavAnI pachInI paMktiomAM potAnA rAjyakALanA ekeka pachI pharaja paDI hatI. je hakIkata ApaNe rojA vRddhirAjanI ekeka varSa laIne, te te samaye zuM zuM parAkrama karI vRttAMte joI gayA chIe. eTale carcAne sAra e thayo rahyo hato tenuM yathAsthita varNana karI batAvyuM che. ke khAravelanA rAjyAbhiSekane samaya I. sa. pU. 42 sAra e thayo ke jemAM trIjI paMktimAM potAnA rAjyo sAbita thAya che. jyAre puSyamitrano samaya te I. sa. bhiSekane lagate banAva banyAnI jAherAta karI che tema pU. 188 lagabhaga che30 (juo. pu. 3. pR. 54: te pachInI paMktimAM varNavelI hakIkatanA banAvo, pote 60 tathA 404). banne vacce aDhI varSanuM aMtara gAdIe AvyA bAda, banyA hatA evuM gaNavAnI sUcanA che, matalaba ke banne samakAlIna hatA ja nahIM. che. tevI ja rIte trIjI paMktinI pUrvanI be oLamAM (15) lekhanI paMkti 12mAM evI hakIkata che ke je banAva banyAnuM varNavyuM che, te tenA rAjyAbhiSekanI teNe (khAravele) rAjagRhIne gherI lIdhuM hatuM ane pahelA thaI gayA hatA, ema ApaNe gaNavuM rahe che. sagAMgeya-(zazAMka) mahela sudhI te pahoMcI gayA hatA. ane A anumAnane temanA ja zabdothI samarthana maLe matalaba ke, magadha dezanI rAjadhAnInA zahera tarIke che; kemake te be paMktimAM teNe pitAne yuvarAja tarIke rAjagRhI hajI virArAI gayuM hatuM tevA samaye khArasabhyo che. ATalI prastAvanA karIne have ApaNe vela thayo hovo joIe. lekhamAM kayAMya pATaliputranuM te lekhanI hakIkata tapAsIzuM. nAma suddhAMta levAyuM nathI. pATaliputranuM nAma to bIjI paMktimAM jAhera karyuM che ke, jyAre pite anuvAdakee pitAnI meLe sUcavIne aMdara saMbaMdha yuvarAjapade hatA tyAre siMhaladvIpanA rAjA upara caDATa besAravAne goThavI dIdhuM lAge che. A hakIkata ja (27) lekhanI paMktiomAMnI keTalIyanA ardha besA. ApaNane zatavahanavaMzI rAjA zrImukhanA vRttAMta upasthI ravAmAM gerasamajUti thayAnuM mArI najare lAgyuM che, te sarva maLI rahe che, te mATe pu. 5mAM juo. AgaLanA paricchedamAM vistArathI samajAvyuM che. (30) A sAla tenA maraNanI che. paraMtu tenA sattA (28) A rAjAne vijaya kaho ke abhivijaya kaho, te eka kALanA samayanI vAta karavI hoya, te temAM 38 varSa umeja che, tenA kAraNa mATe hAthIguphAnA lekhanI samajUti juo, ravA rahe che. vAcakane sarva vAte anukuLatA sacavAya mATe (29) A sAla barAbara che ke kema tenI sAbitI atra meM lagabhaga zabda vAparyo che,

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dvitIya pacchika ] puravAra kare che, ke mauryasamrATAnA rAjaamale pATaliputra khyAtimAM AvyuM, te pUrva samrATa khAravela thaI gayA hAvA joie. eTale ja tene samaya i. sa. pU. 372 pahelAnA puravAra thAya che. (16) mi. hyuenazAMga jevA vizvavikhyAta yAtrika karela varNanamAMthI paNa teveA ja dhvani nIkaLatA jaNAya che. temanA zabdo AvI matalakhanA lekhAyA che.71 * Hicuen Tsarg tells us that, shortly before his arrival, Punarvarman, Raja of Magadh and the last descendant of Ashok, had piously restored the sacred Bodhi trec at Gaya, which Sasanka, king of Bengal had destroyed. These events happened soon after 600 A. D.=hyuena zAMga ema nivedana kare che ke, peAte hiMdamAM AvyA te pahelAM theADA ja samaye, magadhanA rAjA ane azAka (samrATanA) aMtima vaMza ja punarvarsane gayA (zahera)mAM pelA pavitra kheAdhivRkSanI dhArmikabhAve punaHsthApanA karI hatI. A (edhivRkSa)ne nAza baMgALanA rAjA zazAMke karyAM hatA. A sarva anAve! i. sa. 600 pachI turatamAM ja banyAnuM nAMdhI zakAro." eTale mi. vinsenTa smithanA zabdomAM jo utArIe te pelA hyuenazAMga yAtrika mahAzayaneA kahevAnA Azaya e che ke, i. sa. 600 sudhI magadhapati tarIke azokanA vaMzajo, avicchinapaNe baMgALa prAMtamAM gAdI upara cAlu rahyA hatA. temAMnA chelle rAjA punarvarmana hatA. tethI te ema kahevA mAMge che ke magadhapati tarIke TheTha azAkanA samayathI mAMDIne i. sa. 600 sudhI mauryajAtinA rAjAe ja rAjya calAvye AvatA hatA; pachI temano rAjya vistAra bhale saMkAca ke vRddhi pAmyA hoya te judI vastu che. paraMtu magadha 263 samakAlIna heAI zakeja nahIM pati tarIke te avicchinapaNe rAjyapada bhAgavatA ja AvyA che. A pramANe eka hakIkata thaI. bIjI vAta ema che ke, azokanA samaya bAda ja puSyamitra thayA che. temAM zAka maurya gaNAyA che ane puSyamitra zRMga kahevAyeA che. eTale ke banne bhinna jAtinA ja che, trIjI sthiti prema che ke, puSpamitranuM bIjuM nAma (vidyAneAnI sUcanA pramANe) bRhaspatimitra che tethI bRhaspatimitra zuMgavaMzI kare che ane tene hAthIgu kAnA lekhanI noMdha pramANe magadhapati tA kahevA ja rahe che eTale ema thayuM ke temanA hisAbe magadhatie zuMgavaMzI rAjAo hatA. kadAca tene chevaTe na mUkatAM vaccegALe kayAMka bRhaspatine mUkA, tA hyuenazAMge jaNAvelI alaMgatA ja tUTI jaze. A pramANe traNa sthiti tha. have jo temane meLa meLavazeA te itihAsika graMthakArAnAM maMtavya, dareka rIte eka bIjI hakIkatane athaDAmaNamAM utAranArAM jevAM ja dekhAya che. eTale sAbita thAya che ke aitihAsika anAva che (31) jIe vinsenTa smitha kRta, rUkSa epha InDiyA sIrIjhamAMnuM "azAka" nAmanuM pustaka pR. 71 (32) dhAro ke te gAdIpati hatA ane magadhanA svAmI hatA; te magadhane prAMta tenA putra agnimitrane te te sAcA ja che; paraMtu ApaNe gAvI dIdhelI mAnyatA ja asatya che; ane virAdhamAM dekhAI AvatI sarva paristhitinI janetA teja che. matalaba ke puSyamitra bRhaspatimitra nathI ja. tema te ekabIjAnA samakAlIna paNa nathI, eTaluM ja nahI paNu puSyamitrane magadhapati kahevA tera paNa eka bhUla khavaDAvanArUM aitihAsika tattva gaNAze. khIja, bRhaspatimitra magadhapati che te te nirvivAda che. have jo tene azAka ane puSyamitranI vacce mUkIe chIe teA hyuenazAMganuM kahevuM khATuM Thare che; kemake, azAkanA vArasadArAno ekadArI tUTI jAya che. eTale kAM tene (bRhaspatine) puSyamitranI pAchaLa ke azAkanI pUrve gaNavA joie. puSyamitranI pAchaLa tA gaNavAnI sarva saMjoge tema ja vidyAnA nA pADe che. teA ekaja vArasAmAM maLyA hatA ema kahevuM paDaze ja yAre bIjI khAntu ItihAsa tA ema zikhave che ke agnimitrane pATaliputra upara caDAi laI javI paDI hatI. te pachI sAcuM zuM ?

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khAvela ane puSyamitra ( [ dazama khaMDa nirNaya thaze ke bRhaspatimitra azakanI pUrve ja thaI dAnI mULa vastu (siddhAMta)ne sAra-jAti saMyama gayo che ane azokanI pUrve thayo eTale puSyamitranI ane jIvananI vizuddhi (zuddha cAritra)nAM dhyeya tarapha pUrve te thaI cUkyo ja kahevAya. temAM A bRhaspati che (A pramANe) aneka saMpradAyanI (varNavelI-upadezelI) pite khAravelano samakAlIna che eTale khAravela paNa sahiSNutA34 pachIthI thayelA rAjAoe pALI puSyamitranI pahelAM ja thayo gaNAya; matalaba ke te ene batAvI che; dAkhalA tarIke, orissAnA khAravele, samakAlIna kaI rIte paNa kahI zakAze nahIM. sarva vAte azokanA jevI ja-sAdaza bhASA-vAparelI (17) jema etihAsika ane rAjakIya purAvAthI che. eTale temane kahevAno Azaya e che ke, (1) sAbita karI zakAya che tema dhArmika hakIkatathI paNa te samaye, IsAI, jherosTrIana ke islAma dharmanI te ja sthiti puravAra karI zakAya che; ke khAravelane te sthApanA ja thavA pAmI nahotI jethI te saMprasamaya puSyamitrathI dANe ja pUrvanA che. te ja vidvAna dAyonuM te nAma paNa ajANyuM hatuM. (2) AmAMnA mi. mithanA zabdo ApaNe TAMkIzuM. teozrI lakhe IsAI ane islAma dharmamAM lazkarI nAdane, yuddha che ke , " The creeds of Jesus, Zoro- ' karavAno, laDI paDavAne ke evA ugra-tejasvabhAvaaster, and Mahomed were unknown; nAja-upadeza je mukhyapaNe karAyela che, te viSaya he (Ashoka) is not thinking of exclu- paratve to azoka pitAnI AMkha sarakhI paNa karasive militant religions like Christianity kAvatA nathI. eTale ke AvA svabhAvanuM aMza sarakhuM and Islam-The essence of the matter paNa tenA rUMvADAmAM dekhAtuM nathI. (3) uparAMta hiMdamAM -all Indian denominations is all je je saMpradAyo, bhinnabhinna nAmathI jANItA che te aimed at self-control and purity of sarvanA siddhAMtane sAra-mULa pAyA-Amarsayama ane life, Similar toleration of various creeds zuddha cAritra upara ja maMDAyela che. te pachI, eTale was practised by later princes, Kharvel ke jyAM AvI prarUpaNa karatI hoya, tyAM uparanA of Orissa, for instance, used language dharmanA lazkarIvAdane sthAna ja kayAMthI maLe ? tema (4) almost identical with that of Ashoka A prakAranI sarva dharma pratye sahiSNutA dAkhavavAnI =jIsasa, resTara ane mahamadanA saMpradAya (eTale paddhati, tenA (azokanA) pachI thayela, anya rAjake jene hAla khristI gharma, pArasI dharma ane islAmI vIoe paNa pALI batAvI che. (ane) tenA daSTAMtamAM dharma kahevAya che) tenuM nAma jANavAmAM nahotuM. te orissApati-kaliMgapati-khAravelanuM nAma ApIne (azoka) khrIstI ane islAma dharma jevA kevaLa ema kahevA mAMge che, ke teNe paNa azokanA jevIja, lazkarI-jhanunI-jalada (svabhAva-nAdavALA ) dharmano lagabhaga tene sarva rIte maLatA Ave tevA ja zabdavicAra ja karatuM nathI. (eTale ke tevA dharmane upa- mAM, AjJAo pharamAvI che. khAravele hAthIguMphAnA deza karato ja nathI). sarva hiMdI (nAmavALA) saMpra- lekhamAM je dharmopadeza prabodhe che te ane samrATa (33) jIo rUlarsa opha inDiyA sIrIjhanuM "azoka manAyuM che tethI, tenI pachI thayela rAjavI ema karIne daSTAMta nAmanuM pustaka pU. 60 raju karyo che. jyAre ApaNe sthApita karela mata pramANe (34) majakura pustaka pR. 62 te priyadarzinanI pUrve thayela samrATa khAravele paNa, teja (35) A zabdathI temanuM dhyAna samrATa priyadarzinanA bhASA vAparI che ema kahevuM paDaze. khaDakalekha tarapha ja ceTaluM che. atyAra sudhI priyadarzina (36) priyadarzinanA khaDaka lekha ane khAravele ane azAkane eka ja manAya che tethI temaNe azeka kotarAvela hAthIguphAne lekha bannene eka ja dhAre zabda vAparyo che. tathA azokanI pachI khAravela thayAnuM upadeza che.

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dvitIya paricheda ]. samakAlIna hoI zake ja nahIM priyadarzine pitAnA khaDakalekhamAM je pharamAvyo che, tenAM sthiti tapAsatAM paNa bahaspatimatra ane puSyamitre bhASA tathA arcano sAra vigere, sarva eka ja prakAranAM bhinna ja che; uparAMta bannene samaya paNa judo ja che. che; temAM sarva dharma pratye kSamAbuddhi ja bharelI che, jethI khAravela ane puSyamitrane samakAlIna kahI koIne halakA pADavAnI ke koI upara jabarAI vA5- zakAya tema nathI. ravAnI vAta to dUra rahI, paNa tevo vicAra sarakhe (18) ke, hi. I. mAM jaNAvela che ke paNa dekhAtuM nathI. "With regard to the Andhras, the 642 oreldet 2112 El Hid! 349 Hal 110 more certain evidence of inscriptioni, sAthe, atyAre ApaNe nIsabata nathI; eTale tene assigns them to a period, which is in choDI daIe. paraMtu cothA madAthI eTaluM sAbita flagrant contradiction to the position thAya che ke, khAravela ane azoka (jene have ApaNe they occupy in the Puranas=AMdhravaMzIpriyadarzinanA lekha gaNAvyA che te juo uparanI onI bAbatamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke purANamAM temanuM je TI. naM. 35) ekaja dharmanA hatA. vaLI ApaNe sthAna batAvAya che tenA karatAM ughADI rIte-spaSTapaNe jANIe chIe ke, khAravela jenadhamAM hatA.37 eTale virUddha jatuM sthAna (samaya paratve) zilAlekhI purAvI priyadarzinane paNa jaina matAnuyAyI ja karAvavo paDaze. (je purANa karatAM vizeSa AdhArabhUta kahI zakAya che) A eka vAta thaI. bIjI vAta ema che ke khAra- thI maLI rahe che." temanuM kahevuM ema che ke (1) vela ane bRhaspatimitra ekaja mUrti-ane te paNa purANomAM AMdhavaMzIone amuka samaya TharAvAyo che. chanati mATe agAu lAyA hatA ema jAhera (kaho ke I. sa. pU. 1 ane bIjI sadImAM thayAnuM thayuM che. trIjI vAta e che ke, puSyamitra vaidika mAne che). (2) purANe daMtakathArUpI kahevAya che; jyAre matAnayAyI che. tema teNe bhagavAna pataMjalInA upa- zilAlekha temanA karatAM majabUta ane vizvasanIya dezathI azvamedha yajJo paNa karyA che jyAre khAravele gaNAya che. (3) AvA vajanadAra ane vizvAsapAtra zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyA pramANe rAjasUya yajJa zilAlekhI purAvAthI temane samaya, ughADI rIte ja karAvyo che. eTale ke teNe azvamedha yajJane tyAjya purANamAM jaNAvyA karatAM virUddha paDe che. eTale temanuM gaNAvyo che. uparAMta puSyamitre kahe ke tenA putra kahevuM e thayuM ke, zilAlekhI purAvAthI AMdhrapatione agnimitre kahe- paNa teNe (vidvAnonI mAnyatA samaya (purANamAM jemanuM varNana apAyuM che te Akho pramANe) bauddhadharmI (bAkI ApaNuM mata pramANe, AMdhavaMza te lagabhaga pAMca varSa cAle che paraMtu juo pu. 3 mAM tenuM vRttAMta-jainadhamI) sAdhuone purANamAM puSyamitranA samakAlInapaNe thayela je vINIvINIne ziraccheda karAvyo che. matalaba ke khAra- zAtakaraNInuM varNana karAyuM che te AMdhrapati kahevAnI vela ane bRhaspatimitra (athavA temanA matathI atra matalaba che. A aMdhapati temanA vaMzamAM cho puSyamitra) bane bhinna saMpradAyanA ja puravAra thAya sAtamo purUSa gaNAya che, bhale I. sa. pU. 1-2 sadI che. A traNe sthitinuM ekIkaraNa karIe te eka kahI heya, paNa zilAlekhI purAvAthI sApha jaNAya vakhate temane sahadhamAM TharAve che, tyAre bIjI ja vakhate che ke, teo te pahelAM thaI gayA che. ane I.sa.pU.nI vidhamAM manAvavAno prayatna thAya che. A pramANe dhArmika 1-2 sadInI paNa pahelAM, eTale I. sa. pU.nI trIjI (37) vaLI vizeSapaNe AvatA parijIdamAM te hakIkta puravAra karI batAvyuM che. tene A purAvAthI vizeSa che nI carcA thavAnI che, na maLyuM che ema jANavuM. (38) A pramANe ApaNe pu. 2mAM aneka vakhata (39) juo te pustaka pa. 522'

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khAnavelanA [ dazama khaMDa ke cothI sadI mAne, te ye eTaluM te nakkI ja thayuM (2) tevuM nAma dakSiNa hiMdanA jainomAM sauthI prathama kahevAze ke. vidvAnoe, A purANanA AdhAre je jaNAya che (3) te jaina saMpradAyanI eka zAkhA che samaya AMdhrapationo goThavye rAkhyo che, te samaye paNa tene dakSiNa hiMdamAM pracAra thayo jaNAto nathI temane nathI ja. je Agha AMdhrapatione samaya (4) uttara hiMdanA jainonI te zAkhA saMbhave che (5) pheravo paDe che, to zrImukhate tene saMsthApaka ja che; bhadrabAhu ane caMdraguptanA samaye je moTuM taDa jana eTale tene samaya kare kare te kare ja. tema vaLI zrImukha saMpradAyamAM ubhuM thayuM che tenI pUrvanA samayanI te zAkhA tathA khAravela te samakAlInapaNe thayA manAya che. dekhAya che (6) tema A zAkhAne divaMza sAthe saMbaMdha eTale khAravelane samaya paNa pheravIne I. sa. pU.nI haze ema mAlama paDe che. A cha hakIkatamAMthI pAMca cothI sadImAM te laI javo ja paDaze. matalaba ke ! thataya 3 vize ApaNe atre kAMI kahevAnI jarUra nathI. mAtra khAravela ane puSyamitra samasamayI nathI ja. je pAMcamI che tenuM ja pramANu ahIM levuM rahe che. te ' (19) eka anya graMthakAra jaNAve che ke 40 uparathI samajAze ke A cediyakuLanI utpatti maurya"It must be observed that the samrATa caMdraguptanA samayanI pUrve thaI hatI ema temanuM Chetiya Kula mentioned in the Khar. mAnavuM thAya che. caMdraguptanI pahelAMnI thaI, eTale vela grants, the earliest perhaps of azekanI paNa pUrvanI thaI ja; tema puSyamitranI pahelAM South Indian Jains, is a branch of the che ke te ghaNAM varSonI thaI; matalaba ke khAravelane samaya Jains, which has not spread itself in puSyamitranI pahelAM ghaNuM ghaNuM vana che. eTale S. India. It perhaps represents one khAravela ane puSyamitra bane sahamayI nathI ja. of the Jain Sakhas of N. Indian (20) hAthIguphAnA lekhanI lipi ane samrATa origin, which flourished before the priyadarzinanA lekhonI lipi vacce tulanA karavAthI konI great schism in the time of Bhadra. prAcIna che te te lipi vizAradane viSaya kahI bahu and Chandragupta. Possibly zakAya; paraMtu je te benI sarakhAmaNI karaze te this branch belonged to Chedi kingdom hiMmata che ke, rAjA khAravelanA lekhanI lipi vizeSa =ema nedha karavI joIe ke, khAravele karelAM prAcIna puravAra thaze. dAnapatromAM cetiyakulanuM je nAma Ave che ane je upara pramANenA pakSa ane apakSa, hakAra dakSiNanA hiMDa nomAM sauthI prathama che te na. tathA nakAra uttaravALA aneka purAvAthI sAbita karI dhamanI evI zAkhA che ke je dakSiNa hiMdamAM phelAvo batAvAya tema che ke (1) khAravela ane puSyamitrane pAmI nathI. uttara hiMdamAMthI udabhavelI jainonI samaya eka nathI (2) ulaTuM khAravela te puSyamitrathI zAkhAmAMnI kadAca te eka haze; temaja, bhadrabAha ghaNAMya varSa agAuthI thaI gayo che (3) tema ja puSyaane caMdraguptanA samaye je moTuM taDa paDayuM hatuM, tenI mitranuM bIjuM nAma bRhaspatimitra hatuM ja nahIM, ane agAu te thaI haze. saMbhava che ke A zAkhA cedi hoI paNa zake nahIM (4) bRhaspatimitra to eka tRtIya rAjyanI haze." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke (1) ane svataMtra ja vyakti che (te mATe naMdavaMzanI hakIkata khAravelanA dAnapatramAM cetiyakulanuM nAma Ave che. juo). A pramANe niradhAra thaI jAya che. tene vaLI (40) jai. sa. I. bhAga. 2. pR. 88-89 lekhanI samAti apAya nahIM, tyAM sudhI samajavAne jarAkaThina (1) A uparAMta jaina sAhityamAMthI eka be purAvA maLI paDe tema che; mATe mulatavI rAkhavA paDayA che. juo AgaLanA Ave che. paraMtu te atra na utaratAM AgaLanA prakaraNe hAthIguphAnA parike "dakALa ane mRtanuM saMrakSaNa' vALa pArimA

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dvitIya paricheda ] samayane vicAra sIdhA purAvAthI-AMkaDAnI gaNatrIethI- paNa samarthana kAM te naMdasaMvata ane kAM te mauryasaMvata dhArI levAmAM maLI jAya che. jenI tapAsa ApaNe nIcenA pAri Avyo che. jo ke A kaI saMvata prAcIna samaye grAphe have laIe. astitva dharAvatA hatA ke kema, ane dharAvato hato hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM saMvatane eka AMka Avelo to kaI rAjadvArI banAva sAthe te saMvatsara saMyukta che. tene keTalAka graMthakAroe 169no AMka vAMcyo che;42 karIne vAparavAmAM Avyo che ke kema, te ApaNI keTalAkee tene 165 TharAvyo jANamAM AvyuM nathI ja; kemake samaya-kALagaNanAnA khAravelanA sama che, paraMtu have te sarva je be pariccheda (juo uparamAM pR. 60 thI 113) yane vicAra sanmAnIya thaI paDayuM che ke te svataMtra rIte lakhI tenI carcA kAMIka vistArathI ane AMka 103ne ja che. eTaluM to thI karI cUkyA chIe, temAM A be saMvatamAMthI kabUla karavuM ja paDaze, ke A AkhA hAthIguphAnA -naMda ke maurya-ekanuM nAma AvyuM nathI ja. chatAM kaI lekhanuM mahatva itihAsanI daSTie eTaluM te vizALa paNa saMbhavita mArga tenI vicAraNAmAMthI ApaNe ane sarvavyApaka thaI paDayuM che ke, temane eka akSara mukta rAkhavo nathI; e paddhatie kAma levAnuM jyAre paNa vicArasRSTinI maryAdAmAMthI je ja karAya, te jAhera karyuM che tyAre, saMbhavita ke asaMbhavitapaNAno ati gaMbhIra pariNAma nIvaDavA saMbhava che. eTale ke, lezamAtra vicAra karyA vinA ja, ApaNe te kevaLa te jo ekAda zabdane paNa anya arthamAM besArI devAya AMka uparathI ja, tenA satyAsatyapaNAne vicAra karI te, AkhA itihAsanuM parivartana thaI jAya tema che. te rahe che. tAtparya e che ke, tevI bhItinA mAryA paNa, ApaNe te teTalA mATe, dalIla khAtara mAnI lo ke te darekanI mAnyatA prahaNa karIne ja vicAra karavo rahe che. AMka mauryasaMvata ane naMdasaMvatano ja che. vaLI ApaNane sAra e che ke, uparanA traNe AMkane 169 165 khabara che ke, kaI saMvatsarane AraMbha je thAya che ane 103-ApaNe vicAra karavo rahe che. jyAre te kAIka hetune anulakSIne ja karAya che. pachI kAve khAravele pote ja zilAlekha karAvyo che ane to vaMzanI sthApanA nimitte tene AraMbha thayo heya uparanA AMkavALA varSamAM pite vidyamAna hovAno ke amuka mahattvapUrNa banAvanA smaraNacihna mATe thayo purAvo Apela che tyAre ApaNe lezamAtra paNa saMdeha heya. prathama ApaNe naMdasaMvatane aMge vicAra karI laIe. lAvavAnuM kAraNa nathI. have ApaNe je tapAsavuM rahe naMdasaMvatano prAraMbha tenI zarUAtanI tArIkhathI ja che te, AMka kayA saMvatsarane che e siddha karavuM; je je thayo hoya, te naMda pahelAno urphe naMdivardhana uparathI khAravelanA samayane paNa acukapaNe nizcaya I. sa. pU. 472 ma. sa. 55 mAM jyAre rAjyAbhiSeka thaI jAya. tharyo hato tyArathI gaNI zakAya. te bAda bIjo koI bhinnabhinna graMthakArAnA dhAravA pramANe A AMkane, mahatvane aitihAsika banAva banyo nathI, ke tene (42) ke. hi. iM. pu. 1 pR. 608=shatkarni of hovAthI eTale ke zAlIvAhana zAtakaraNa ane khAla bane the Andhra Dynasty (Shalivahan satkarni) samakAlIna hovAthI banene samaya i. sa. pU. 169 gaNAya. being contemporary with Kharvel (whose (43) ja, bI. e. pI. sa. pu. 3 ane 4: ko. Da accession c. 169 B. c. if Hathigumfa inscri- mR. 16; I. hi. karthe. pu. 5 sana 1929 pR. 587 ane ption is cated in Maurya Era p. 314-15; 534 ane AgaLa-hAthIguphA lekhanI paMkti 16 mAM "In & 602) = je khAravelane samaya, hAthIguphAnA mauryana the one hundred and sixty fifth year of the saMvata pramANe Azare I. sa. pU. 169 gaNAya. tene ja time of the Mauryan ne of the Mauryan kings=4144 Plombia samakAlIna AdhavaMzI zAtAkaraNa (zAlivAhana sAta karaNI) samayanI gaNatrIe 165 mAM varSe

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268 AvyA vicAra karavA paDe; hajI ema kahI zakAya ke, naMda AThamA pachI, jyAre navame naMda gAdIe tyAre je aMdhAdhUnI sArA ce rAjyamAM pravartI rahI hatI, tene nirmULa karIne teNe prajAmAM zAMti sthApI dIdhI hatI, tyArathI kadAca te saMvatsarane jo AraMbha karAyA hatA ema mAnI levAya, te tene samaya I. sa. pU. 415=ma. saM. 112 gaNavA paDaze. te pachI teA naMdavaMzane ja aMta I. sa. pU. 372= ma. saM. 155 mAM AvI gayA che; eTale te bAda kAI prasaMgane lIdhe tene AraMbha karAye! hAya tevI kalpanA karavAnuM paNa sthAna rahetuM nathI. matalaba ke, je te AMkane naMdasaMvata TharAvAya tA e tArIkheA ja vIcAravI kare che (1) i. sa. pU. 472 ane (2) I. sa. pU. 415. mAryasaMvata paratve jo vicAra karIe teA, tenI sthApanA karavA mATe tA aneka muddA upasthita thatA jaNAya che. jemake (1) tenA Adya purUSa rAjA caMdragupte jyArathI eka nAnA rAjavI tarIke, peAtAnA vaMzanI sthApanA karI tyArathI paNa kahI zakAya. ane te pramANe kare te teneA samaya I. sa. pU. 381-2= ma. saM. 146 gaNAya (2) caMdragupta pAte magadhane muddo (1) I. sa. pU. 472 (2) 415 372 381 326 289 "" 19 . (a) 103nA AMka sAthe ghaTAvatAM I. sa. pU. 369 312 269 277 223 186 35 khAravelanA ,, .. .. (6) "" uparanA koThAmAM darzAvyA pramANe naM. 1thI 6 sudhInA muddA nIcenAM banAvAnA (a) (A) (I)vALA AsanamAM khatAvela samayane jo samanvaya karIzuM te, vidvAnAnI je mAnyatA che ke, puSyamitranI gAdIe (44) bruo uparamAM pU. 261 lIla na, 12 [ dazama khaMDa samrATa anyA tyArathI jo tenA AraMbha gaNavA hAya tA tenI miti I. sa. pU. 372=ma. saM, 155 gaNI levAya (3) pajALamAM TheraThera ubharI nIkaLelA sarve baLavAne dAkhI daI ne, rAjA azAkavardhane jyArathI niSkaMTakapaNe peAtAnA rAjyAbhiSeka jAhera karyAM tyArathI jo Adi gaNavI paDe to tene samaya I. sa. pU. 326=ma. saM. 200 kahevAya (4) ane mairyavaMzo samartha samrATa temaja te vaMzanI kIrtine sarvotkRSTa zikhare pahoMcADanAra mahArAjA priyadarzinanA rAjyAbhiSekane jo tenI AdinA kAraNarUpa gaNavA hAya tA tenA samaya i. sa. pU. 289=ma. saM. 237 mUkavA paDaze. A pramANe mAryasaMvatanA AraMbhanA muddA tarIke cAra banAvo gaNAze. te bannenuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM te ApaNe cha banAvAnI tArIkhavALA varSanA AMka tapAsavA paDaze. naMdasaMvatane aMge (1) i, sa. pU. 472 ane (ra) I. sa. pU. 415; ane maiAryasaMvatane aMge (3) I. sa. pU. 381-2 (4) i. sa. pU. 372 (5) i. sa. pU. 326 ane (6) i. sa. pU. 289. A cha e sAlane have ApaNe uparanA traNe AMkamAM baTAvIne vicArIe. () 165nA AMka sAthe ghaTAvatAM i. sa. pU. 307 250 207 215 211 161 157 114 120 esavAnI sAla i. sa. pU. 188 AzaretI che ane cakravartI khAravelanI i. sa. pU. 183 AzarenI che,44 tenI sAthe jo kAI paNa sAlane meLa khAtA khatAvI zakAya ke puravAra karI zakAya tema hAya, te tevI mAtra .. ,, "" (4) 169nA AMka sAthe ghaTAvatAM 13 i. sa. pU. 303 24 203 1, 33 "" ,,

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269 dvitIya paricheda ] samayano vicAra pAMca sAlone ja hajI lekhI zakAya tema che. jene sarva hakIkata yathAsthita samaye banyAnuM goThavI zakAya. ApaNe jADA akSare khAsa noMdha levA gya tarIke athavA te sarva banAvane anukramamAM je gaThavIe to, batAvI che te I. sa. pU. 161, 157, 186, 124 prathama mahArAjA priyadarzina thayA che ane temanI pachI ane 120nI che. A pAMcamAMthI paNa be te,-161, 103 varSe hAthIguMphAne lekha ketarAvA che ema ane 157-vidvAnoe TharAvela 188 ane 183 karatAM kahevAya. paraMtu lipi vizAradane abhiprAya che tethI 25 varSa jeTalI meDI Ave che, jyAre bIjI be-124 ulaTo ja thAya che ema ApaNe upara pR. 253thI ane 12-to tethI paNa bIjA 35 varSa vadhAre moDI mAMDIne AgaLa (juo dalIlo naM. 1, 2, 3, 4, Ave che; eTale ke sATha varSa, balake tethI paNa vizeSa I. I.) joI gayA chIe. teo te makkamapaNe ema ja moDI jAya che. paNa vidvAnoe je "Azare" zabda mAnI rahyA che ke, prathama hAthIguphAnA lekhane samaya lakhela che temAM bahu bahu te pAMca ke daza varSanA ho joIe; (pachI te samaye tenI pUrve DAM varSane pherano ja saMbhava rahI zake. eTale uparokta pAMcamAMnI che ke vadhAre varSano che te jude prazna che) ane te cAra sAlone te ApaNuM vicArakSetramAMthI bAkAta pachI ja mahArAjA priyadarzinane samaya have joIe. karavI ja rahe che, jethI mAtra have I. sa. pU. 186 eTale vaLI aDhAra sAlomAMnI je eka i. sa. pU. vALI eka ja bAkI rahI; ane te AMka vidvAnonI 186nI kAMIka aMze ApaNuM kaTImAMthI uttIrNa thavA mAnyatAnI sAthe tadana baMdhabesate paNa AvI jAya jevI dekhAI hatI te paNa A lipivizAradonA maMtavya che. tema ja hAthIguphAne AMka je sauthI chellAmAM pramANe jamInadosta thaI jAya che. jethI ApaNe chelle ukela eTale ke 103 TharAvavAmAM Avyo che aMtima eka ja nirNaya upara AvavuM rahe che ke, hAthItenI gaNatrImAM te AvIne ubho paNa rahe che. matalabake guphAnA lekhamAMne 103ne AMka je che, te nathI naMda je aDhAra banAvenI sAlanA AMkaDAne kasoTI upara saMvatano ke nathI mauryasaMvatane; ane pariNAme puSyamitra caDAvI jovAne ApaNe pasaMda karyA hatA, temane mAtra tathA khAravela samakAlIna puravAra thatA ja nathI; tema ja eka ja AMkaDo, sarva rIte uttIrNa thaI zake te khAravelano samaya I. sa. pU. 186 ke tenI AsadekhAya che. ane te I. sa. pU. 186nI sAlano che pAsane paNa nathI ja. tathA 107nA AMka sAthe sumeLa khAte dekhAya che. A pramANe eka pachI eka sthiti, tathA banela paraMtu te sAla tema hoI zake ke nahIM, te sthiti ja banAvone laIne, tema ja gaNitazAstranA AMkaDAo ApaNe vicAravI rahe che ke, jethI chevaTanA nirNaya mAMDIne paNa, ApaNe have puravAra karI zakyA chIe upara paNa AvI javAya. have A I. sa. pU. 186nI te vizeSa AlhAdajanaka che ja; nahIMtoye, prAthamika sAla, je maurya saMvatsarane prAraMbha mahArAjA priyadarzi- dRSTie vicAratAM thakAM paNa, ApaNe uparanA ja nirNaya nanA rAjyAbhiSekathI gaNavAmAM Ave te ja (juo upara AvI zakAya tema hatuM, chatAM te muddo atyAra uparamAM pR. 268) 103nA AMka sAthe ghaTAvI zakAya sudhI ApaNe AgaLa dharyo nahotA; kemake tema karavA che. anyathA nahIM ja. eTale sAra e thayo ke maurya- jatAM, vAcakavarganI ekadama khAtarI paNa na thAta. saMvatano prAraMbha mahArAjA priyadarzinanA rAjyAbhiSekathI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa kadAca ApaNe hasIne pAtra ja gaNo ane te hisAbe tenA 103 varSe=I. sa. pU. paNa banI jAta. have koI paNa prakAranA bhaya vinA 18mAM athavA tenI AsapAsamAM (eTale ke I. sa. siMhanAde te kahI zakAya tema che ke, vidvAnoe i. sa. pU. 188 ke 183 jema vidvAnoe mAnI lIdhuM che pU. 186no je samaya khAravelane TharAvela che te tadana tema) rAjA puSyamitra ane rAjA khAravelane samaya nakkI kalpIta ja che. chatAM ghaDIbhara mAnI lo ke te samaya thayela manAya; tema ja hAthIgaMphAmAM lakhela AMka pramANenI barAbara ja hatA. te tene artha e thaze ke, khAravele

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270 khAravelanA [ dazama khaMDa AMka je che, tene naMdasaMvata sAthe45 kAI prakAranA saMbaMdha ja nathI. tema te AMka mauryasaMvatanA paNa TharAvI zakAya tema nathI. kAraNake jo bRhaspatirAjane mAryuMvaMzI TharAvA tA, cakravartI khAravelane paNa tenA vaMzanI sAthe jInamUrtine mATe parApUrvathI verajhera cAlyuM AvatuM hatuM tema gaNavuM rahe. eTale uparanI dalIlamAM jema naMdavaMzanA bRhaspatirAja mAnavAthI, tene saMvata vAparA khAravelane mAnavAmAM, je prakAranA khAdha naDe che teja prakAranA khAdha atra bRhaspatimitrane mairyavaMzI dhArI levAmAM ane tenA vaMzane maiAryasaMvatanA upayAga karatA khAravelane mAnI levAmAM Avaze. eTale te ja dalIla ane te ja siddhAMtanA AdhAre, bRhaspatimitra mairyanA saMvatanA upayAga, cakravartI khAravelathI hAthIphrA lekhamAM karAye! nathI ema ApeAApa svIkAravuM ja rahe che. A pramANe dareka rIte hAthINuMkAmAM kAtarAyala AMkane, naMdasaMvatsaranA ke maiAryasaMvatsaranA AMka tarIke vadhAvI levAne, Dagalene pagale virAdha UbhA thayA ja kare che. matalaba ke te AMka nathI naMdasaMvatanA ke nathI saiArya saMvatatA. je magadhapati bRhaspatimitrane-ke bRhaspatirAjatepeAtAnA page namAvela hAthINuMkAnA lekhamAM lakhela che te i. sa. pU. pAMcamI ke chaThThI sadIthI mAMDIne i. sa. pU. 188 sudhInA kAIka samaye magadhanI gAdIe birAjyA hovA joie ja. have ApaNe jo magadha pationI vaMzAvaLI tapAsIzuM teA (jIe pu. 1 pR. 393; pu. 2 pR. 413; tathA pu. 3 pR. 404) ekadama ane turata ja mAlUma paDaze ke, A traNa cAra sadInA kALamAM magadhapati tarIke mAtra traNa vaMzoe ja sattA bhAgavI che. (1) zizunAgavaMza (2) naMdavaMza ane (3) mauryavaMza. temAMya prathamane zizunAgavaMza te ati prAcIna che eTale tene ApaNI gaNanAmAMthI mukta karavA rahe che. bAkInA e vaMzamAMthI ja kAIka vaMzane nRpati te bRhaspatimitra hAvA joie ema siddha thayuM. khIja khAjI khAravela pAte ja lakhI rahyo che ke, tene ane naMdavaMzanA bhUpatine biyAbArUM cAlyuM AvatuM hatuM; kemake tenA pUrvajonA samayamAM, koika magadhati naMdarAjAe, kaliMgadezamAMthI janamUrtinuM haraNa karyuM hatuM; jenA kAraNe peAtAne magadha upara caDAI laI javI paDI hatI. matalaba e thaI ke, khAravezane ane naMdarAjAne verajhera keTalAya vakhatathI cAlyAM AvatAM hatAM. have jo tevI duzmanAvaTa cAlI AvatI hAya-ane duzmana nAvaTa hatI ja, te dIvAnI jyAta jevI pragaTa hakIkata che-teA zuM khAravela jevA catura ane atula parAkramI rAjA, pAtAnA duzmana rAjAnA nAme calAvela saMvatsakeTalAMka mULabhUta-sUtra siddhAMto kevAM hatAM te jANI tyAre have rAvAla e thAya che ke, A 103 nA AMka je vidvAnAe chevaTanA ukela tarIke mAnya rAkhyA che te kayA saMvatsaranA hAI zake? A tattva jo zeAdhI zakAya tA, aneka muzkelIene phUDace AvI jAya. atra ApaNe prAcIna samayanA rAjAonA ranA Azraya kSe kharA ? ane te paNa je zilAlekha rAjadvArI najare pote ja ATalI badhI mahattvatAne lekhIne, tene zAzvata jaLavAI rahelo jovAnI icchA dharAve che temAM ja, te AMka kotarAvavA jevI bhUla kare ke IcchA seve; evA svapne paNa khyAla Ave kharA? tema kadI paNa thAya ja nahIM. eTale mAnavuM ja rahe che; tema have te minAne taddana sAbita thayelI ja gaNavI rahe che ke, hAthINuMkAnA lekhamAM 103ne levAnI jarUra ubhI thAya che pu. 2 mAM sikkAonuM varNana karatAM (jIe pR. 55 thI 72) ema joI gayA chIe ke prAcIna samaye rAjAone mamatva tathA ahaMbhAva bahudhA nahAtAM ane tethI peAtAnA nAmanA saMvatsara paNu calAvavAnI icchA dharAvatA nahIM. temaja game tevuM sarvotkRSTa kArya pote karyuM hoya tApaNu, te kAryanI sAthe peAtAnuM nAma sarIkhuM joDavAne paNa teo khacakAtA hatA.41 mAtra je kAI samayanA (45) A AMka naMdasaMvata hAyA vizenI keTalIka carcA 1 pR. 330 upara karavAmAM AvI che te jue (46) jue samrATa priyadarzinanuM AkhuM ya vana vRttAMta; A kAraNane lIdhe ja teNe anAvelI, nAnI ke meDhI ke

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dvitIya paricchedra ] AdhAra teo letA, te peAtAnA ISTadevanA nAmanA saMvatsaranA ja AdhAra letA. tema ja sarva vastune yaza pAtAnA dharmane nAme ja caDAvavAmAM magarUrI mAnatA. jema sikkAcitranuM ane cihnonuM che, tema ja zilAlekhamAMnI hakIkatanuM paNa samajI levuM rahe che. temAM paNa meTA bhAge peAtAnI yazagAthA gAvA karatAM, dhArmika vRttithI dAna devAnI ja hakIkatA keAtarAvavAmAM AvatI hatI (jue uparamAM caNuvaMzanI hakIkate pR. 218-19) vaLI e te nirvivAdItapaNe siddha thayela che ke rAjA khAravela pAte jainamatAnuyAsI hatA. eTale je AMka teNe hAthInuMkAmAM kotarAjyeA che te anya koi nahIM paNa jainadharmInA chellA payagaMbara zrI mahAvIranAja saMvatsaranA saMbhave che. A mahAvIra saMvatanA AraMbha temanA nirvANu (baidha paribhASAmAM jaNAvavuM hAya te parinirvANa) pAmyAnI tArIkhathI thayela gaNAya che. jenA samaya I. sa. pU. para7 TharAvAyala che (jIeA pu. 2. pR. 8-9) te hisAme rAjA khAravezanA rAjyanuM 103 AMkavALuM varSa, te i. pU. para7-103=4. sa. pU. 424 nuM Ave che. ane te tenA rAjyAbhiSeka pachInuM pAMcamuM varSa hAvAnuM teNe hAthInuMkA lekhamAM jaNAvyuM che. eTale tenA rAjyAbhiSeka i. sa. pU. 4ra4 + 5 = 4ra9 mAM thayAne athavA ma. sa. 98 nA gaNavA paDaze.47 A eka vAta siddha thaI. vaLI teNe 36 varSa rAjya karyuM che; jethI tenuM maraNa 429 - 36 = I. sa. pU. 393 mAM thayuM kahevAze. eTale tene samaya I. sa. pU. 429 thI 393 =36 varSa paryaMtaneA heAvAnuM sAbita thaI cUkayuM. ane pote 25 varSanI umare gAdIe samayanA vicAra pracaMDakAya kAI paNa mUrti upara teNe peAtAnuM nAma suddhAM paNa kAtarAvela nathI. lekhAmAM (khaDaka lekhamAM ane staMbha lekhamAM ) je tenuM nAma Ave che temAM mAtra dharmopadeza ja che; eTale temAM peAtAnI ahaMtA darzAvavAneA hetu nathI; jyAre uparanI mUrti emAM te tevA dharmapadeza kAtarAvAce nahIM, ane kevaLa nAma kAtarAvavA jAya te ahaMkAranuM dana karAvAya che. (47) pu. 1. pR. 348 mAM TAMkelI hakIkata have puravAra thai gayelI gaNavI. tathA satavahana vazanI Adi je 100 21 AvyA che. eTale tenuM AyuSya 25 + 36 = 61 varSanuM hatuM ema paNa nakkI thaI gayuM kahevAze. uparanA pArigrAphamAM ema sAbita karI gayAM chIe ke hAthInuMphAnA lekhamAM kAtarAvela 103nA AMka mahAvIrasvataneA che ane 103nA AMkanI tenI gaNatrI temanA nirvANu anya zayatA samaya i. sa. pU. paracha thI karavAmAM AvI che. A sivAya je khIjI eka e zakatA te AMkane vize amArA dhyAnamAM AvI hatI paNa pAchaLathI mUkI devI paDI che, tene paNa kAMika khyAla tra ApI devA AvazyakatA che; kemake saMvatAnI kALagaNanAnI prathA upara, paNa temAMthI kAMIka prakAza paDe che. temaja saMbhava che ke, vizeSa vicAraNAnA khIjA muddA vAcakavarganA manamAM upasthita thAya ane bahAra paDe, te A AMkanI zakatyatA upara vizeSa udghApADa thavA pAme; jenA pariNAme ame Apela nirNaya satya che ke asatya te nakkI thaI jAya. A AMkanI zakayatAnA vicAra karatI vakhate e khIjI kalpanA thaI hatI . (1) khAravela cakravartInA cedivaMzanI vicAraNA atyAre cAlI rahI che, vaLI teNe peAte ja lekhanI paMktimAM evA zabdo vAparyAM che ke jemAMthI cedi nAmanA krama jANe kAi saMvata te samayathI pravAhamAM mUkAyA haiAya teveA AbhAsa-ni nIkaLI rahe che. temaja, anya rAjavaMze e paNa peAtAnA vaMzanA nAmanA saMvatsarA calAvyA hAyAnA aneka dRSTAMtA ApaNI najare paDI rahyA che, tyAre khAravele mAM "cedisaMvata" nAmanA saMvatane48 Azraya ma. saM. mAM thayAnuM lekhAvyuM che te paNa sAbita thai gai gaNAze. kemake zrImukha AMdhrapati je zatavahana vazanA sthApaka che tene A khAravele, peAtAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA khIje vadhe eTale 98+2=100 mAM liMganA amuka bhAgamAM caDI AvatA ane saMsthAna jamAvatA aTakAvyA che; jethI teNe nAsika pAsenA mulakamAM haThI jaI ne tyAM gAdI sthApI hatI. (48) nyue A pustakamAM pR. 64 mAMnI hakI hakIkata tathA te pAne TI, na, 17 :

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272 103nA AMkanI [ dazama khaMDa na lIdho hoya ? matalaba ke, eka kapanA te AMka samaye ja thaI hoya (1) prathama vibhAge mahArAja disaMvatano hovAnI thaI hatI (2) ane bIjI karakaMDa mahAme vAhana kaliMgapati banyo tyArathI, eTale ema thaI hatI ke, te AMka bhale mahAvIrasaMvataneja I. sa. pU. 558thI (pu. 1 pR. 166-8) athavA vikalpa hoya; paraMtu tenI Adi temanA nirvANasamayathI eTale I. sa. pU. 563 (te ja pustaka pR. 168nI TIkA) I. sa. pU. 527thI gaNAtI hovAnuM je atyAre (2) I. sa. pU. 537mAM bIjA vibhAge rAjA surathI manAI rahyuM che tene badale teo jyArathI ahanapadane gAdIe beThA tyArathI (3) trIjA vibhAge I. sa. pU. pAmyA tyArathI48 eTale I. sa. pU. 556 (juo 475 mAM rAja kSemarAja kaliMgapati banyA tyArathI pu. 1. pR. 397 nI samayAvalI)nA samayathI kAM ne (4) athavA rAjA khAravela pote I. sa. pU. 429mAM gaNAI hoya? kemake, je kaI saMvatano pracAra thayo che gAdIe beThA tyArathI. vaLI khAravele lekhamAM spaSTapaNe temAMnA lagabhaga sarvano prAraMbha0, jenA smArakamAM 103nA AMkana ane rAjA naMdane ullekha karela temano udabhava thayo che. temanA maraNa samaya sAthe che. zuM prasaMga che tenI hakIkata bhale saMdigdhamAM rahe, kadApipa saMbaMdha nathI joDAye, paraMtu rAja hoya te chatAM eTaluM niHzaMka tenuM kahevuM thAya che ja, ke te tenA rAjyAbhiSeka sAthe, ke dharmapravartaka hoya te52 samaya sAthe rAjAnaMdano koIne koI prakAre saMbaMdha hato ja; temanA jIvananA anya ujavaLa prasaMganA 53 samaya tema e paNa svAbhAvika che ke je te samayane naMdasAthe ja te saMyukta karAyo najare paDe che. te prathAne rAjAnI sAtheno saMbaMdha dharAvate ghaTAvI batAvavA anasarIne mahAvIranA saMvatano prAraMbha paNa Isa.pU. hoya, to te samaye rAjA naMdanI hayAtI hevI ja parane badale 556 sAthe kadAca joDAyo hoya ? A joie. eTale tAtparya e thayo ke, uparanA cAra be zakayatAo vicArIne kema paDatI mUkavAmAM AvI AMkamAMthI e karyo AMka che ke jenAthI cedi che te have darzAvIe. saMvatano prAraMbha thayo gaNIne 103 nI sAla jyAre prathama disaMvatavALI bAbata tapAsI joIe. Ave tyAre naMdarAjAnI hayAtI hatI ema batAvI je cedisaMvata vaparA ja hoya, te tenI sthApanA zakAya. uparanA cAra AMka i. sa. pU. 558 (vikarSe nIce jaNAvela cAra prasaMgamAMthI ekane lIdhe--te pa3) 537, 475 ane 429 che tenAthI prAraMbha (49) jue uparamAM pR. 61 TI. naM. 5 ane 6 nI keTalAke joDAyA che; tema e paNa satya che, ke keTalAkee temanA hakIkta tathA nIcenI TIka naM. 52 mAM buddhanI jJAnaprApti nirvANa eTale jJAnaprAptinI samaya sAthe joDI che (juo sAthe joDAyala buddha saMvatane prAraMbha thayo hato te hakIkta. 5. 2. 5. 8 thI AgaLamAM tathA TIkAeAmAM lakhelI carcA) (50) DAMka daSTAMta mATe juo pu. 106 mAM banA- eTale temAM ane prasaMge upayoga karyo lekhAya tema che, vela koSTaka vaLI juo nIcenI TIkA. naM. 53 (51) je ke kahevAya che ke, maraNa (athavA rAjavaMzanI : (53) IsavIsana jenA smArakamAM cAlu thayA che te paDatI thavAnA) samayathI paNa temanA saMvatanI Adi thaI isu bhagavAnanA maraNane ke janmane ke anya prasaMga na zake che (juo uparamAM pU. 65 TI. naM. 8 mAM ke. . letAM, teo jyAre traNathI cAra varSanA hatA tyArane prasaMga 2. pR. 162 pArA. 135nuM che. repsananA matanuM avataraNa) joDAya che. (juo pR. 106 mAM batAvela keDe) tyAre paraMtu tevo eke daSTAMta noMdhAyAnuM hajI jANavAmAM AvyuM muslIma bhAI e je hIjarI saMvata vApare che te temanA nathI, sarakhAvo nIcenI TI. naM. 52, 53 nuM lakhANa tathA payagaMbara sAhebanA jIvanakALamAM amuka prasaMga banyA hatA prasaMge; te darzAvavA atra "kadApI" zabda vAparavuM paDe che. tenA mArakamAM vApare che. eTale ke (sarakhAvo uparanI TIkA (52) kharI vAta che ke jema bauddha dharmanA pravartaka naM. 51 nI hakIkta) saMvatanI vaparAza bahudhA maraNanA buddha bhagavAnanA parinirvANa sAthe temanA saMvatano saMbaMdha samayanI noMdha levA mATe vaparAtI nathI.

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dvitIya paricheda ]. anya zakayatA 273 thayo laIne tenuM 103 ju varSa eTale i. sa. pU. kaliMgAdhipati hatA. ane karakaMDu je gAdIpati thaye 455, (460) 434, 372 ane 326 Avaze. have che te 559 bAda je eTale 563nI sAla paNa kADhI ApaNe naMdarAjAnI vaMzAvaLI (juo pu. 1 pR. 193, nAMkhavI rahI; jethI pu. 1. pR. 168mAM cedisaMvatanI tapAsIzuM to A cAramAMthI prathamanA be AMka evA sthApanA mATe je traNa sAlo (558.556 ke475) dekhAya che, ke je samaye naMda nAmane koI rAjA gAdIpati vikalpa ApaNe darzAvI hatI tene paNa khAravele hatA ja, temAM paNa prathamano AMka, 455 (460) kotarAvela zilAlekhanA AdhAre kAMIka aMze nikAla je che te naMda pahelA ane bIjo AMka 434 te AvI gayo gaNAze. haju ApaNe je vicAravuM rahe naMda bIjAne samaya batAve che. tema ApaNe itihA- che te e ke, 558nI sAla sAcI ke 556; tene sanA jJAnathI jANuM cUkyA chIe, ke naMda bIjAnA paNa nirNaya karI zakAya tema che. te carcAne prasaMga rAjyaamale kaliMgapati sAthe koI jAtanI atha- nIcenA pArAmAM Ave che mATe tyAM ApaNe varNavyo DAmaNa jevuM ke maitrI bhAva jevuM paNa banavA pAmyuM che. A pramANe cedisaMvatanI zakyatAno vicAra karI nathI. eTale tene khyAla ApaNe magajamAMthI khaseDI lIdhe. have mahAvIranI jJAnaprApti sAthe 103nA nAMkhavo ja rahe che. pachI kevaLa rahI nada pahelAnI AMkanI zakayatAne saMbaMdha che ke kema te vicArIe. bAbatanI vicAraNA. ane ApaNe jANIe paNa chIe zrI mahAvIrane jJAna prApti I. sa. pU. 556mAM ke naMda pahelAnI sAthe ja khAravelanA pUrvajone khaDA- thayAnuM jANIe chIe (juo pu. 1. pR. 399) khAstAnA pasaMgo ubhA thavA pAmyA hatA. eTale eTale je te samayathI mahAvIra saMvatanI sthApanA naMda pahelAnA samayane anulakSIne ja rAjA khAravele thaI hoya te tenuM 103 ju varSa te I. sa. pU. 453 hAthIzaMkAnA lekhamAM uccAraNa kareluM haze ema samajAya Ave che. je samaye nadivardhanane maraNa pAmyAne paNa che. ATale sudhI vAtano meLa barAbara maLI rahyo. lagabhaga traNa varSa thavA AvyAM hatAM eTale naMda zabdanuM have ApaNe jovAnuM eTaluM ja rahe che ke, I. sa. astitva ja nAbuda thai gayuM kahevAya; jyAre lekhamAM te pU. 455 ke vikalpa 460, athavA te mATenA cedi khAravele te nAmanuM spaSTa rIte uccAraNa karela che. sAra saMvatane prAraMbhika AMka i. sa. pU. 558 vikalpa e thayo ke zrI mahAvIranI jJAna prAptinA samayathI 563 che, te bemAMthI kayo AMka cedisaMvatane te saMvata gaNAyo hoya ane tyAMthI mAMDIne 107 varSanI prAraMbhika kALa kahI zakAze? athavA bIjA zabdomAM tene gaNatrI karAI hoya te ka9panA paNa nirAdhAra che.' lakhIe to cedisaMvatanI Adi 558mAM thaI kahevAya A pramANe I. sa. pU. 556nA jJAnaprAptinA ke 563mAM ? eTale ke mahArAjA karakaMDa 558mAM prasaMganA saMbaMdhane jema nirAdhAra TharAvAya che tema kaliMgapati banyA hatA ke pa63mAM; eTaluM nakkI karavuM karakaMDunA rAjyArohaNanI je te sAla laIe te te rahe che. pu. 1. pR. 175 TI. naM. 44mAM jaNAvI gayA samayathI cedi saMvatanI Adi karAyAnuM athavA cedi chIe ke, zrI mahAvIra jyAre dIkSA lIdhA pachI navame vaMzanI sthApanA thayAnuM paNa teTale ja daraje nirAdhAra varSe (eTale I.sa. pU. 559mAM) kaliMgamAM viharatA hatA karAvI zakAze. eTale 556nI sAla paNa sAcI tyAre kaliMgapati tarIke temanA pitAno mitra hayAtapa4 TharatI nathI ja. hatA ane te niHsaMtAna gujarI javAthI tenI gAdIe aMhI bIjo muddo ubho thAya che ke, je cedi karakane besAravAmAM Avela che. eTale sAra e thaye saMvatane I. sa. pU. 558mAM AraMbha thayo gaNe ke, 559 sudhI te karakaMku nahIM, paNa pelo rAjavIja te 103nI sAla te i. sa. pU. 455 Avaze; jyAre paMkti 13-14, (54) vaLI jue. je. sA. saM. khaMDa trIje. 5. 372 5

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103 sAlanI zakayatA vize [ dazama khaDa naMdavardhananuM maraNa te 456mAM eTale ke eka varSa kalpanAo ubhI karavI ane tenI zakyAzakyatAne vaheluM nIpajI cUkayuM che. te A be vastuno meLa vicAra karavo te karatAM, je saraLa mArga hoya teno ja gema besArI zakAya? be rIta sacavI zakAze. (1) Azraya le te zreyaskara che. te hisAbe A bane 558ne badale 559mAM karakaMDanuM gAdIe AvavuM gaNavuM zakayatA paDatI mUkI che. eTale ke te AMka cedi saMvatano jethI naMdivardhananA rA chellA varSe ja pele 103 hovAnI zakyatA nathI ja;55 tema AgaLa puravAra varSavALo banAva banavA pAmyo hoya ane turata te karI gayA chIe ke te AMka naMda saMvataneye nathI tema bAda naMdivardhananuM maraNa nIpajyuM hoya. (2) athavA maurya saMvatano paNa nathI; paraMtu have sAbita thaI gatavarSa ane cAlu varSa te benI gaNatrI karavAmAM, ke cUkayuM che tema, hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM ketarAyela 103ne sa. ane i. sa. pU.nI gaNatrI karavAmAM mahInAonI AMka mahAvIra saMvatane ja che tathA teno AraMbha pIchehaTha karIne je kAma levuM paDe che. tevI koI prathAne zrI mahAvIranA nirvANa pAmyAnA samayathI eTale I. aMge chathI bAra mahinAne avadhi pasAra thaI gayo sa. pU. 527thI ja gaNAyela che e nirNaya upara hAya. A pramANenI bhAMjagaDa ane gaDamathalavALI AvavuM paDayuM che. (55) A AMka cedi saMvata hovA vize haja hAthIguphAmAM utArI che te joI levI. iI zaMkA rahI jAya che tenI carcA AgaLanA paricchede

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tRtIya pariccheda rAjA khoravela (cAlu) hAthIguMphAnA lekhane anuvAda TUMkasAra-hAthIguphAnA lekhanI aitihAsika daSTie samajAvelI mahattAatyArasudhI te upara cAlI AvatA maMtavyane Apela prathama khyAla-te bAda temAMthI paMktivAra vAka tathA zabdo laI, kAraNa sAthe thatA matapheranI karelI rajuAta tathA temAM samAyala muddAonI ApelI samajUti tenI sattara paMktiomAMthI kevaLa be ja vinA matapheravALI che; bAkInI paMdaramAMthI, phUTa temaja saraLa maLIne 36 muddAo jevA ke, venarAja, musikanagara, 103ne AMka, mayaMkALe ucheda pAmela cesaddhi, kaliMgajInamUti, rAjagRha, mathurA, yunAnI rAjA, bhiMdati maradeza, bRhaspatimitra, kAyaniSadI, I, zabdo ane vAkyaprayogo) evA ubhA thayA che ke je khUba spaSTIkaraNa mAMgI rahyA che; vaLI te 36 mAMthI keTalAyamAM peTA savAla ubhA karyA che, AvI rIte lagabhaga 50 jeTalA prazno je upasthita thayA che te sarvenI, etihAsika vigate, dalIla ane anya paristhiti TAMkI TAMkIne karelI carcAjethI hAthIguphA lekhanA vidhAyaka rAjA zrI khArela je jaina dharma pALI rahyo hato tenI aneka vigata upara pADela prakAza-vidvAnee A jainadharmanuM sAhitya bilakula tapAsela nahIM hovAthI, lekhane artha besAravAmAM temane naDela muzkelIonuM, tathA maLela niSphaLatAnuM vAkaye vAkaye dekhAI AvatuM citra-tenA nipajatA arthamAMthI, eka jaina rAjA kevA prakAranuM jIvana gujArI zake che tene Avate khyAlate uparathI rAjA khAlanuM cAritrya kaI kakSAe vyatIta thaI rahyuM hatuM tene maLate paricaya-kudaratanA kAyadAe batAvela paDacAonI vacce vacce ApavI paDelI samajUti

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hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa rAjA khAravela (cAlu) - nAranI- te ketarAvanAra rAjA khAravelanA dharma je zilAlekhe ItihAsamAM AvuM meTuM ane saMbaMdhI ajJAta dazAmAM raheluM che. jabaradasta parivartana karI naMkhAvyuM Akho lekha sattara lITImAM kotarAyela che. te hAthIguphAne hoya tene vize vAcaka vargane vizeSa dareka paMktine anukramavAra bhAvArtha je mAnya rahyo zilAlekha jANavAnI mane vRtti heya te sva- che te A pramANe hevAnuM jaNAyuM che - bhAvika che, paraMtu AkhAye zilAlekha (1) prathama paMkti-ra" (aila) mahArAja, ke tene saghaLo sAra, uddharita karavAnuM kArya A graMtha praya- mahAme vAhana cedirAja vaMzavardhana.kaliMgAdhipati janamAM na gaNAya tethI te kArya paDatuM mUkI, tene zrI khAravela khyAla vAcaka vargane sarvaze AvI zake teTale darajajo (2) paMdara varSa sudhI...bAlyAvasthAnI (kriDAo) teno sAra 2 ja atra Apavo ucita dhAryo che. te karI.. navA varSa sudhI yuvarAja tarIke zAsana karyuM. te lekhano je artha, adhapata viddhavargamAM sAmAnya vakhate saMpUrNa vIsa varSanI umaranA thayela (teozrI) . rIte svIkAravAmAM Avyo che te prathama jaNAvIzuM jeo bAlyAvasthAthI vardhamAna che ane jeo ane pachI, temAM kayAM kayAM amArI mAnyatA judI abhivijayamAM vena (rAja) che. trIjA paDe che tathA tene kevI kevI rIte artha ghaTAvavo (3) purUSayugamAM (trIjI peDhImAM)..mahArAjArahe che te chevaTe jaNAvIzuM. mAnyatA je judI paDe bhiSekane prApta thayA. abhiSeka pachInA prathama varSamAM... che tenAM mukhya kAraNa e che. eka te te lekha je killAnI marAmata karAvI. taLAva ane pALo baMdhAvyAM. sthitimAM maLI Avyo che tene aMgreja ubhu badhA bAgonI marAmata thavA pAmyuM che ane bIjuM kAraNa tenA ukela kara- (4) karAvI pAMtrIsa lAkha prakRti (prajAnuM (1) vAMchukavaze te viSayanA khAsa khAsa graMthe joI mAnasa samajavAne jaina sAhityanuM jJAna avazya gaNAya. levA vinaMti che. atyAra sudhI jaina sAhityane pracAra ane prakAzana joIe | (2) punAthI pragaTa thatA jana sAhitya saMzAdhaka nAmanA teTalA pramANamAM thayAM nathI; tethI te saMbaMdhI ajJAna prasatrimAsika patra, khaMDa trIjo pR. 380 mAMthI tAravIne sara kareluM hoya ane te pramANamAM tene ukela karavAmAM barAbara atra Ape che. (A patra hAla baMdha paDI gayuM che.) artha na samajI zakAya tevI sthiti rahe te dekhItuM ja che. () A sthiti kevI che tenuM varNana atre ApavA (5) A zabdanA artha mATe, A khaMDamAM ja AgaLanA karatAM, jai. sA. saM. khaMDa 35. 369mAM je zabda lakhAyA parichede juo. che te sadAbarAje jaNAvIe chIe. "keTalAka aMzemAM lekha. (6) je zabda mULa zilAlekhamAM nathI paNa hakIktane gaLI gayo che. keTalIka paMktionI zarUAtanA bAreka saMbaMdha besAravAne anuvAdakane umeravA paDayA che te zabda akSare pattharanAM capatarAM sAthe uDI gayA che, ane keTalIka temaNe kAMsamAM lakhyA che. paMktiomAM vacce vacce akSare ekadama uDI gayA che ane (7) AnA artha mATe juo pR. 230 tathA AgaLa upara. kayAMka pANIthI ghasAI gayA che. kayAMka kayAMka akSaranI (8) kaliMgapatio hovA chatAM zAmATe cedirAjanA kataraNI vadhI gaI che ane jalapravAha temaja bIjAM kAra- vaMzavardhana tarIke potAne oLakhAvavA magarUrI dharAve che te mATe thI bhramotpAdaka cinha utpanna thaI gayAM che. jyAM sudhI pu. 1 mAM cedi dezanuM ane karakuMDu mahArAjanuM vRttAMta vAMce. DhAMkaNAnI nizAnI che ane kayAM kAlakRta bhrama-jAla che ene (9) AvA prakAranA lokopayogI kAryo karavAnI rAjaktaukela kare eja A lekhanuM rahasya che." enI pharaja te samaye gaNAtI hatI; temaja te adA karavAmAM (have vicAre ke AvI sthitimAM tene ukela karatAM teo kevA tatpara rahetA te A uparathI samajAze. samrATa aneka khalanAo thai jAya te saMbhavita che ke nahIM ? ) priyadarzinanA lekhamAMthI paNa A sthiti spaSTa thAya che. (4) khAravela jainadharmAnuyAyI che, tevI vyaktinuM (10) A uparathI te samayanI vastI keTalI haze tene

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* * * tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 277 raMjana karyuM. bIjA varSamAM sAtakaNi (sAtakarNi)nI (9)...(13anekadAne dIdhAne ullekha) che. ahaMtanA kAzI paravA karyA vinA ja pazcima dizAmAM (caDAI (10) rAjabhavanarUpamahAvijaya(nAmano) prAsAda karavA mATe)..moTI senA mokalI, kahenA (kRSNa teoe ADatrIsa lAkha (paNa) vaDe banAvarAvyo. veNu nadI) upara pahoMcelI senAvaDe musika (mUSika) dazamA varSamAM deDa-saMdhi-sAma pradhAna (teoe) nagarane bahu trAsa Apo. vaLI trIje varSe bhUmi jaya karavA mATe bhAratavarSamAM prasthAna karyuM.. (5).. utsava, samAja karAvI nagarIne ramADI (11)..(agiyAramA varSamAM) (ke) kharAba ... the varSe rAjAe banAvarAvela maMDa (maMDI yA bajAra) ne meTA (6).. evA badhA rASTika, bhojakone pitAnA gadheDAonA haLavaDe kheDAvI nAMkhyo. lekIne chetaranAra paga upara namAvyA. have pAMcamA varSamAM naMdarAjanA ekatera varasanA tamaranA dehasaMdhAtane toDI nAkhe. ekaso trIjA varSa (saMvata)mAM khodAyelI naherane tana- bAramA varSamAM...utarApathanA rAjAone bahu trasta karyA. saliya vATe rAjadhAnInI aMdara laI AvyA, abhi- (12)...te magadhavAsIone bhAre bhaya utpanna kana [chaThThA varSe rAjasUya yajJa ujavatAM karanA karate chata hAthIone sugAMgeyajha (prAsAda) sudhI badhA rUpiyA laI gayo ane magadharAja bRhaspatimitrane pitAnA (7) mApha karyA.sAtamA varSamAM rAjaya karatAM paga upara namAvyo tathA rAjA naMdadvArA laI javAmAM tionI] gRhiNuM vadharavALI duSitA (nAmacIna Avela kaliMgajInamUrtine... ane gRharane laI pratiyA prasiddha) mApadane prApta thaI. AThamA varSamAM hAravaDe aMga-magadhanuM dhana laI Avyo. goradhagiri 2 (13)...adUbhUta ane Azcarya (thAya tevI rIte te) (8) ne teDIne rAjagRhane gherI lIdhuM. enAM hAthIovALA vahANa bharela najarANuM haya, hAthI, karmonAM avadAno (vIrakathAo)nA nAdathI yunAnI ratna, mANijya pAMDaya rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate rAjA (yavanarAja) DimiteDemetrios pitAnI aneka motI, maNi, ratna haraNa karAvI lAvyo. senA ane chakaDAM ekaThAM karI mathurA choDI devA mATe (14)sIone vaza karyA. teramA varSe pavitra pAchAM pagalAM bharyAM navamAM...varSamAM...5tsava. kumAri parvataY upara jyAM (jaina dharmanuM) vijaya khyAla Avaze. (zilAlekhanI hakIkata che eTale tenI satyatA (12) bihAramAM gayA zaheranI pAse je barAbara nAma vize te zaMkA rahetI nathI ja). savAla e che ke A na pahADa che (juo priyadarzina rAje; pu. 2. 5. 397 vastI eka nagaranI che ke tene AkhA sAmrAjyanI vastI uparanuM pariziSTa ) tene goragiri tarIke oLakhAve kahevAno bhAvArtha che te samajAtuM nathI. che (juo. jai. sA. saM. khaMDa 3. pR. 381 TI. naM. 8) (11) samrATa priyadarzine paNa AvAM samAja darzananAM (13) kesamAM mUkela zabdo amArA che. mULamAM dAna kAryane loka raMjananA kArya tarIke gaNya che (juo khaDaka karyAnI vigata ApelI che. te atra utaravAnI jarUra na lAgI lekha naM. 3) A uparathI samajAze ke khAravela ane priya- tethI te hetu darzAvatA zabdo ja mUkAyA che. dani ekaja dharmanA haze. sarakhA uparanI TIkA. naM. 9 (14) mudrArAkSasa nATakamAM naMda ane caMdraguptano "subhAMga" tathA nIcenI TIkA naM. 20 nAmaka mahela pATaliputramAM batAvavAmAM Avyo che. (jai. AvAM lokaraMjananAM kAryo, jyAre jyAre kAMI khuzAlInA sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 382 TI. naM. 11) prasaMge rAjayane upasthita thatAM tyAre tyAre karavAmAM AvatAM (15) A nAma khaMDagiri-udayagirinuM che. priyadAzanahatAM (jaina sAhityamAM AvA aneka prasaMgenAM varNana ne jayAM dhauline zilAlekha che te bhuvanezvaranI pAse vAMcavAmAM Ave che.) nAne pahADa che. tyAM ja A hAthIguMphAne lekha (sarakhA TIkA naM. 61 mAM kara mApha karyAnI hakIkta) ketarAyela che.

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278 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa 1 cakra supravRtta che...kAyaniSIdI (tU5)17 upara... (16)..vairya ratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo sthApana rAjabhUtio kAyama karI dIdhI (zAsana bAMdhI karyA. potera lAkhanA (kharcathI) mauryakALamAM uccheda ApyAM) 8 pUjAmAM rata 19 upAsaka20 khAravele jIva pAmela saThi (cosaTha adhyAyavALA) aMgasikano ane zarIranI 21 zrInI parIkSA karI lIdhI (jIva ane cotho bhAga pharIthI taiyAra karAvyuM. A kSemarAje, zarIra pArakhI lIdhuM). vRddhirAje, bhikSurAje, 23 dharmarAje, kalyANo dekhatAM . (15).arihaMtanI niSIdIra pAse aneka sAMbhaLatAM ane anubhava karatAM. yojanothI lAvavAmAM Avela...siMhaprasthavALI rANI (17)...badhA paMtheno Adara karanAra 24 badhA siMdhulAne mATe niHzcaya... prakAranA maMdiranI 25 marAmata karAvanAra, akhalita (16) juo pu. 1. pR. 170 TI. pa6H pu. 2. pR. che. [ sAMcI pa upara (juo priyadarzinanA vRttAte) dIpa59. TI. na. 44-45 mAM pratihAryanuM (devaracita AThanI mALA pragaTAvavA samrATa caMdragute je hajArI rAmA saMkhyAmAM che tena) varNana ApyuM che. te uparathI samajAzeke dAna karyAnuM jaNAyuM che te binA sAthe A hakIkatane sarakhAvI.) jema cakravatI rAjAnI nizAnI tarIke tenI agADI cakra- 19) jainazAstramAM dareka jainane eka divasamAM traNa ratna pharyA kare che, tema dharmacakravatI (tIrthakaranI AgaLa AgaLa vakhata devapUjA karavAnuM kahyuM che (juo pu. 1 mAM rAja dhamacaka cAle che. tethI temane vijayacakra kahevAya che. temaja zreNika ane udayAjanI hakIkate; tema rAjA khAravela paNa tevI saMpattivALI vyaktine "pravRttacakra' paNa kahevAya che. devapUnamAM racyA pacce raheto hato ema samajAya che.) jaina. sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 372 A lekhamAM lakheluM | (20) samrATa priyadarzine paNa upAsakavRtta grahaNa che ke, kumArI parvata upara jyAM A lekha che tyAM dharma karyA hatAM evuM temanA khaDakalekha uparathI suprasiddha che. A vijayacakra prava hatuM, arthAta bhagavAna mahAvIre pite ja hakIkta siddha kare che ke khAravela ane priyadarzina sahajainadharmane upadeza karyo hate. dhamAM hatA (vaLI sarakhA uparanI TI. na. 11). A parvatane sametazikharanI taLeTI hovAnuM ApaNe (21) jIva = cetana, AtmA ne pudgala ane jaNAvyuM che. (juo uparamAM pR. 247) ane A same zarIra = deha, pudgala I AtmA vacce tazikhara parvata upara jainenA vartamAna kALe thayela 24 nA taphAvatanuM-sArAsAranuM rahasya je pAmI cukyA che: tIrthakaramAMthI 20 nirvANa pAmyAnuM gaNAya che tethI A matalaba ke jene AtmAnA aizvaryAnuM kharuM bhAna thaI pahADa upara "vijayacakra supravRtta' = zreSTa rIte pharatuM rahyuM gayuM che. che evA bhAvArthamAM nirdeza karyo che; nIcenI TIka naM. (22) juo uparanI TIka naM. 17 27 tathA 28 juo.. | (23) pitAnuM kharuM nAma te khAravela che. paNa (17) niSIdI=samAdhi: kAyaniSihiM=jyAM zarIrane agni- dAdAnuM nAma khemarAja, ane pitAnuM nAma vRddhirAja hatuM dAha dIdhe hoya tyAM je samAdhi ubhI karavAmAM Ave che ke, teneja anusaratuM nAma bhikhurAja teNe dhAraNa karyuM hatuM athavA staSaprAcIna kALe janamatavALAo paNa potAnA uparAMta pote dharmakAryamAM baha ta hovAthI pote dhamarAja dharmAtmAnA nirvANa pAmavAnA sthaLe AvA stUpo racatA paNa kahevAya hAya ema samajAya che. hatA te AvA zilAlekhanI hakIkatathI siddha thayuM samajavuM (24) potAnI yatanA sarva dharma pratye eka sarakhAM (pu. 2 mAM priyadarzinanA vRttAte TosavALI hakIkatanuM varNana prema tathA mamatA batAvavAM, e rAjAne je dhama manAya che juo tathA bhinnATomsa ane bhArata TepanA vRttAMta sAthe tenuM pAlana rAjA khAravele karyuM hatuM. A sarva hakIkata sarakhA.) rAjasattAe kAInA dharmamAM hAtha na nAMkho tenuM A (18) dharmanAM sthAna upara tene lagatI kriyA prakriyAo uparathI sUcana maLe che. priyadarzine paNa A rAjanItinuM kAyamane mATe thayA ja kare te mATe je mANaso tyAM niyata ja anusaraNa kareluM dekhAI Ave che. sau dharma pratye sahithAya tenA kudara nirvAhane harakata na Ave te sArU dAtAe zrutA dAkhavavI ghaTe che. hamezAM Arthika jogavAI karI Ape che, te prathAnuM ahIM (25) te samaye maMdira, caio vigere hatAM tema A Pja khAravelanA A kRtyathI smaraNa thAya che. uparathI sAbita thAya che.

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anuvAdanI mamati tRtIya pariccheda ] ratha ane sainyavALA, cakrara6 (rAjya)nA dhrura (netA) gupta (rakSita) cakravALA, pravRtta cakravALA27 rAjarSi8 vaMza viniHsRta rAjA khAravela. [noMdha--upara pramANe te lekhanA bhAvArtha saM. 1984 (i. sa. 1966) sudhI mAnya karAyA hatA. amArI mAnyatA keTaleka ThekANe temanAthI judI paDe che. vAcakane eTaluM jaNAvavAnI jarUra che ke, amArI mAnyatA-ke kalpanA-kAMi zilAlekhanA vAMcana uparathI ke tenA uparathI nIkaLatA arthanA pheraphAra uparathI ubhI thavA pAmI nathI. paraMtu je vicAre! uddabhavyA hatA; tathA te samayanI banelI rAva aitihAsika dhaTanAonA paraspara saMbaMdha meLavavA mATe je keTalAMka anumAneAnI racanA karavI Avazyaka hatI; te prathama racI kADhayAM hatAM, tyAre khAda te sarvane tadAkAra-varSoMnI sAthe meLa meLavI gUMthI-ghaDI kADhavAM che. eTale banavA joga che ke, te anumAnA sarvathA sAcAM na paNu nIvaDe. chatAM hiMmatathI kahI zakAze ke temAMthI evA prakAranI eka sthitinuM sarjana thAya che ke, jethI te lekhanA lipi jJAne, karI karIne te vAMcavAnI ane vicAravAnI jarUriyAta lAgaze. pariNAme sUcita pheraphAra cAgya (26) cakra eTale cakravartInA rAjya jevuM vizALa jenuM rAya che tevA vaLI sarakhAve! uparanI TIkA naM. 16 (27) truo uparanI TIkA nakhara 16; uttara hiMdanA "gaMgA" mAsika patranA 1933 jAnyuArIne khAsa purAtatva 'kra pR; 167:-Isa lekhameM (hAthIguphAnA varNana karatAM) aarat bhI varNana hai joke baudhoM ke dhammaka ke samAnahI dharmakA cinha thA / eTale ke, rAnna khAravele lakhela pravRttacakra zabda te bauddha dharmAMnA dharmacakra samAna che. ema lekhakanu' matanya che A bAbatamAM jainadharma vALAnI zI mAnyatA che. te mATe uparanI TI. naM. 16 jue. tathA pu. 3. pR. 281 mAM takSIlAne je dhacakra tIrtha kahevAyuM che tenu varNana jue.) (28) rAja+RSije rAjA hAya ane pAchaLathI dIkSA laine muktipadane varcA heAya tene aMge A zabda ' pravRtacakravALA rAjarSi vaparAyA che. matalaba ke rAA khAravela peAte temanA vazamAMthI utarI AvyA hatA ema temanu hevuM thAya che. tethI ja peAtAne rAjaviza viniHsRta = 209 che ke ayeAgya, athavA pUrve artha besAravAmAM bhrAMti thaI che ke kema athavA jyAM akSarA khUTatA mAlUma paDe che tyAM amuka akSarAnuM kSepana karIne saLaMga paMkti ubhI karAya che ke kema, athavA amuka akSaranI anumAtrA ke kAnAmAtrI lAMkhI TUMkI thaI jaIne ke kALadevanI asarathI zilA uparanA akSarAnA ukela anyathA samajAya che ke kema, AvA aneka praznane! temanA vicAra kSetramAM utpanna thaI te sabaMdhI mArga kApavA mATe temane prayAsa karavA paDaze. ame sUcavela artha besAravA mATe athavA kahe ke badhI vastusjita sAthe hAthIzuMphAmAM kAtarela hakIkatAne anya aitihAsika prasaMgAnI sAthe dhaTAvavA mATe, sauthI prathama amAre eka paristhitineAja Azraya levA paDaye! hatA. te e che ke khAravelane potAnA AkhAye jIvanakALa daramyAna, uttara hiMdanI sAthe alpAMze paNa levA devA hatI nahIM, sivAya ke eka ja prasaMga; ane te eTalA ja ke magadhapatirAjane namAvavAnA ane jaina mUrtine potAnA dezamAM pAchI lAvavAnuM mahatkArya40 karavAnA; A sivAya teNe uttara hiMda tarapha AMkhanI mITa sarakhI paNa mAMDI nathI. rAjanA vazamAM vizeSapaNe khyAti pAmela che, evA pAte, ema kahIne sakhAdhe che. [ jainadharmAMnA siMdhusauvIrapati rAnta udayanane paNa smRtima rAjarSi kahevAya che. eTale ke te chellA kevaLI hatA ema nahIM, paNa je rAAee zrI mahAvIra khudanA varadahaste dIkSA lIdhI hatI, evA rAnna mAMDe te chellA hatA ema bhAvA che. nahIM te tenI pachI te aneka rAjyaee dIkSA paNa lIdhI che (jemake ca'dragupta mauryAM) teA tene ja kAM aMtima pada lagADAyuM che? (jIe pu. 1. pR. 224 TI. na. 105)] (2) A lekhanA akSaro saMbaMdhI ahIM darzAvelI pAMca cha prakAranI sthiti hatI ja ema uparanI TI. na. 3 nA vAMcanathI spaSTa thAya che. AvI sthitimAM jyAM lekha maLI Ave, tyAM tenA ukelamAM tathA bhAvArtha besAravAmAM aneka kSati rahevA pAme te svabhAvika che, vaLI uparanI TIkA naM. 4 paNa sarakhAve. (30) mUrti pAchI peAtAnA dezamAM lAvavAnA kArcIne mahatyA zA mATe kahevAmAM AvyuM che te te, te mUrtinuM

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280 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa teNe yuvarAja tarIke kALa, tema ja gAdIe birA- sArvajanika kAmamAM racyo pacyo rahevAnI35 IcchAjIta thayA pachIno paNa sarva samaya, pitAnA kaliMga vRtti dharAvate hate. mUrtine prasaMga, ke je tenA dezamAM ja, athavA te tenI dakSiNe eTale ke dakSiNa kuLanI kIrti-AMTa-nAkano savAla thaI paDayo hate hiMda tarapha ja ke bahu tyAre siMhaladvIpa sudhI caDAI te je tene ADe Avyo na heta, te magadha tarapha laI jaI parAkrama batAvavAmAM ja, vyatIta karyo hato. paNa jhAMkhI karIne te jota ja nahIM. A prakAranI teTalA mATe guphAnA lekhamAM teNe je je varNana karI tenI manodazA samajI laIne, hAthIguphAnA lekha batAvyuM che. te sarva dakSiNa hiMdamAM teNe karelA prayANa mAMhelI vastu sthitino ukela karavA ame prerAyA paratvenuM ja che, eTaluM khAsa samajI levuM rahe che. A chIe; te hakIkata prathama jaNAvI daIe chIe. have nirNaya upara amAre AvavuM paDayuM che tenuM rAbaLamAM tenI pratyeka patinA artha ukelanI sUcanA tathA te uparanI rabaLa kAraNa e che ke, te samaye samasta uttara carcA karIzuM] ATaluM vivecana karI have matabhedavALA bhAratavarSa upara magadha samrATanI hAka vAgI mudAo. ane tenI dalIle kAraNe sAthe raju karIzuM. rahI hatI, jethI te bAju najara pheravavAnI tene (1) prathama paMkti-barAbara che. khAsa muddo keAI kAMI tamannA-tAlAvelI paNa nahotI. tema vaLI pitAne ubho thato nathI. nahote te koI rAjya ke nahoto koI upara | (2) (a) paMdara varSa sudhI bAlyakiDAo karI verabhAvane badalo levAne prasaMga. pote AhaMduka che; ane te bAda nava varSa sudhI yuvarAja pade jIvana upara apratima premaja dharAvatA hatA, je rahyA che. eTale 24 varSa saMpUrNa thayA bAda tene tenA hAthIgakAnA lekha uparathI sApha rIte samajI rAjyAbhiSeka thayo che. A uparathI keTalAka vidvAne zakAya che. eTale potAnA dharmanA pharamAna pramANe evA anumAna upara AvyA che ke, te samaye pacIsa kArya karavAmAM tathA anya rIte lekopayogI ane varSanI umareja rAjalagAma soMpavAno rivAja mahAma, AgaLa pArigrAphamAM varNavavAnuM che, tenI samajaNa eTale te jIvane avazya mokSa maLe che ja ane mekSa thaze tyAre ja barAbara samajAze (vaLa pu. 1, pR. 174 pAma eTale pachI janma maraNane ra tene rahetA nathI. mAM "pelI suvarNa pratimA vizenuM varNana vAMce. vaLI vizeSa samajUti mATe AgaLa upara jue. (31) AThamI paMktinA bhAvArthavALI hakIkata je AgaLa (34) pite jaina dharma pratye ke anurakta hatA te para ApavAmAM AvI che te sarakhA. AkhA hAthIguphAnA zilA lekhanI badhI kaDInA varNanamAMthI (32) 2AjA khAravelane samaya i. sa. pU. 42thI 393 tarI Ave che. vaLI sakhA uparanI TIkA . 30 tathA sudhI che. te samaye magadhanI gAdI upara naMda bIjAnuM ane TI. naM. 21 mA naMdanuM ema maLI be pratApI rAjaya dIpI rahyAM hatAM. (35) juo uparanI TI. naM. 9, 11, nI hakIkata vacce je kAMI aMdhAdhUnI jevAM Azare bAreka varSa cAlI tathA paMkti 4, 6, 7, 9 i. mAM karela kAryanuM varNana. rahyAM hatAM te vakhate bhUprAptino lAbha levo hota to khAravela tathA AgaLa upara "mahAvijaya prAsAda"nuM ane laI zakata; paNa te sthiti kALadeva utpanna karI nahotI. "pustaka ddhAra"ne lagatuM varNana jue. (juo pu. 1. prathama paricchede kudarata vizenuM varNana) tenA lekhamAM kotarAyela sarve hakIkata upasthI samajAya (33) hAthIguphAnA lekhanI paMkti 9 juo temAM teNe che ke, eka varasa te rAjakAraNamAM gALate tyAre bIje ahaMta zabda spaSTapaNe lakhe che; varSe janahitakArI kArya karate. arhanane lagatuM te Ahana kahevAya; jyArathI keAI (36) jue che. sA. saM. pu. 3. pR. 375; temAM vyaktine kaivalyajJAnanI prApti thAya, tyArathI tene ahata lakhyuM che ke brahaspatisUtramAM lakhyuM che ke, 24 varSa kahI zakAya che. kemake ahana eTale jene pharI pharIne A pachI rAjyAbhiSeka tha joIe. e ja vAta A lekha saMsAramAM janma maraNane tAbe thavuM nathI te; ane kaivaya thayuM uparathI paNa siddha thAya che."

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti cAlyo Avate hatA te kathana sAme cetavaNI Apa- (A) jeo bAlyAvasthAthI vardhamAna che ane vAnI che, bhale 25 varSanI umara rAjakArabhAra calA- jeo abhivijayamAM vena (rAja) che, trIjA-A vavAne vadhAre lAyaka gaNAtI haze, paraMtu sagIravayanI pramANe anuvAda karela che, jyAre mULa zabdo maryAdA to 13 ane 14 varSanI ja te vakhate lekhAtI vadhanAra resa nAmivigayo A pramANe che; tenI hatI. jethI te umare lagno paNa thatAM tema ja rAjya- saMskRta chAyA varSanA rAto vainAmiviSaya tRtIye kArobAra soMpIne rAjyAbhiSeka paNa karAto hato. karAya che. ane tene artha bacapaNathI (zaizava) vardhaA khAravelane 25 mA varSe je rAjyAbhiSeka thayo mAna che (athavA thayo; ane je abhivijayamAM na che, te samayane dezAcArane aMge nahete ja, paraMtu che (athavA thaye); e besArIne ema jAhera jema lekhamAM jaNAvAyuM che tema, paMdara varSa sudhI te karavA mAMge che ke, vena nAme pRthvI mAtrane je bALakriDAmAM ane vidyAbhyAsamAM guMthAyala rahyo hato rAjA hatuM ane jeNe sArA kAyadAo ghaDayA hatA ane te pachI tenA pitA gAdIpati thatAM, pote tenI sAthe potAnI sarakhAmaNI rAjA khAravele karI yuvarAja pade niyukta thatAM, te hoddAnI javAbadArI batAvI che. A artha besAravAmAM prathama vAMdhe to , teNe upADI lIdhI hatI; ane dazavarSa te sthitimAM e ja Ave che ke, khAravela haju sudhI pote rAjA ja pasAra thayA bAda, tenA pitAnuM maraNa nipajatAM, banyo nathI, kemake rAjyAbhiSekanI vAta have pachInI pitAne ekadama yuddhanA medAnamAMthI pAchA pharIne eTale pati trIchamAM teNe karelI che. te pachI A gAdI saMbhALI levI paDI hatI. A uparathI siddha ditIya paMktimAM varNavelI hakIkata tenA yuvarAja thAya che ke, tene rAjyAbhiSeka je thayo che tenI padanA kALanI samajavAnI che. tema bIje vAMdhA e sAthe umaranI iyattAnA praznane kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI. che ke, jyAre rAjA ja banyA nathI tyAre-ane tema tenA pitAnuM maraNa paNa kaIka Akasmika kadAca banyo hoya te paNa-hajI prathama varSamAM te pote saMjogomAMja nIpajayuM dekhAya che, nahIM te te pote bhaviSyamAM A thaze ema IcchA vyakta kare, TheTha siMhaladvIpa sudhI dUranA pradeza upara 37 vijaya paraMtu A thaI gayo che tevAM vizeSaNo jeDavAnI, meLavavA jeTalI caDAI laI jAta ja nahIM, ke jyAMthI ke teNe vijaya meLavI lIdhAnI ane venanI mATImAM tene pitAnA pitAnA maraNa samAcAra maLatAM, deza mUkAI tenA jevo parAkramI pote thaye che ema nedha jItavAnuM 8 upADeluM kArya adhUruM mUkIne rAjadhAnI karAvavAnI, hiMmata kevI rIte te pradarzita karI zake? tarapha ekAeka upaDI AvavuM paDayuM hatuM. chatAM mAno ke teNe A lekha, jayAre pitAnA rAjya (3) A pradeza sudhI te caDAI laI gayo hato ke nahIM, lebha kAraNarUpa hatA, ke sAmA dhaNIe aneka prakAranI vetaraNa te trIjI paMktivALI hakIkata vAMcIne sarakhAvavAthI samajI karI hatI tethI tenA pratikArarUpe javuM thayuM hatuM. (eTale zakAze; atra eTaluM ja jaNAvIzuM ke, jayAre trIjI paMkitathI ke tene offensive ne badale defensive bhAga bhajavavo paDayo tenA rAjyAbhiSekane lagatI ane te bAdanI ja hakIkata Ave che, hato) ke dharmakArya tarIke prayANa karavuM paDayuM hatuM te tyAre te pUrvenI sarva hakIkta, rAjyAbhiSekanI pUrvanI sama- prazno vicAravA rahe che. hamaNuM to eTaluM kahI zakAya tema javI-matalabake yuvarAja pade banI gaI hatI ema samajavuM rahe che. che, ke bhUmitRSNA kAraNarUpa nahIM hoya. eTale ke prathamanI be paMktimAM varNavAcalI hakIkta (39) rAjapada dhAraNa karyA pahelAne banAva heIne badhI yuvarAjanA samaya daramiyAnanI ja che. ja teNe pitAne zizuvayane bALaka athavA to tevA bhAvArthanA (38) A kArya tene upADavuM paDayuM hatuM. temAM zabda vAparyA che; pote rAjapade birAjamAna thaI gayA hota to pitAne (athavA te yuvarAjapade hato tyAM sudhI tenA "bALaka" zabdane upapratyaya pitAnA nAma sAthe joData ke pitAnI preraNAthI upADavuM paDayuM hoya) bhUmi prAptine kema, te jarA prazna rahe che.

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* * * - - - hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa bhiSeka pachI lagabhaga paMdareka varSe kotarAvyo che, tyAre eka te te rAjAno naMbara ja siMhaladvIpanI vaMzApitAnI chata vize tene khAtrI thaI gaI hatI; vaLImAM trIjo gaNAya che eTale tene AzrIne paNa te eTale te pramANe te noMdha levAmAM vyAjabI hato vaparAyo gaNAya; athavA teno rAjyAraMbha ma. saM. 65 = evI dalIla je karavAmAM Ave, te prazna e I. sa. pU. 472 mAM thayo che ane tenA trIjA varSe thAya che ke je vena rAjAnI sarakhAmaNI karyAnuM eTale ma. sa. 98 = I. sa. pU. 429 mAM A vidvAnoe manAvyuM che te vena rAjA vize A daSTAMta dvitIya paMktimAM varNavela banAva banavA pAmyo che sivAya anya sthAne kayAMya udAharaNa rUpa tenuM nAma te darzAvavA mATe paNa te AMka va5rAyo hoya ema levAyAnuM jaNAyuM che ke atra mAtra artha besAravA gaNAya; trIjI rIte je tene trIjI paMktimAM AvatA puratuM ja tene AgaLa dharavAmAM AvyuM che? matalaba ke "kurAyu' zabdanI sAthe joDo te, kaliMgarAjauparanI sarva sthiti mAtra kalpanAmAMthI ja ubhI karAyAnuM vaMzanA trIjA yugamAM thayela, evA arthamAM te vapadekhAya che. jyAre kharI vastu sthiti e che ke te rAyo gaNAya. ane tene bhAvArtha liMga patinA je yuvarAja pade hato tyAre tenA pitA taraphathI teNe dakSiNa traNa vibhAga pADI batAvyA che (juo dazamA khaMDe, hiMdamAM caDAI karI hatI ane kadAca siMhaladvIpa sudhI40 prathama paricchede, pR. 231nI vigata) temAMnA chellA paNa te pahoMcyo hato. tyAM te samaye abhaya nAmano yugamAM-vibhAgamAM rAjA khAravela thayo hato ema rAjA suratamAM ja gAdIe beTho hata; vaLI te abhaya samajavuM rahe; vaLI cothI rIte ema artha thAya ke, rAjA rAjAnA vaMzano Adya purUSa vijaya hatA tethI ke khAravela pote ja potAnA vaMzamAM trIje rAjA thayo anya kAraNathI te abhayanuM nAma kadAca abhivijaya che (prathamamAM tene dade kSemarAja, bIje naMbare tene paDayuM lAge che; te abhaya rAjAnuM rAjya 65 varSanuM pitA vRddhirAja ane trIjo naMbare pite); A cAhyuM che ane ati parAkramI thaI gayo che eTale pramANe kRtI zabdane bhAvArtha cAra rIte samajAvI te nAnapaNamAM ja gAdIe beTho hato ane tenuM rAjya zakAya che. temAM amArA maMtavya pramANe vacalA be divasanudivasa vardhamAna-vadhatuM jatuM hatuM, vadhAre tejavaMta mArga, bIjo ane trIjo mArga barAbara lAge che, thatuM jatuM hatuM. eTale tenI sarakhAmaNImAM pitAne kemake abhivijaya rAjAnA trIjA varSe rAjA khAra vayathI pitAnuM rAjya 5Na utta- velane rAjyAbhiSeka paNa thayo che temaja cedi rettara vRddhi thatuM jatuM hatuM te darzAvavAne vardhamAna rAjAonA trIjA yugamAM ja te, thayo che. vaLI tenI aurAna 42 miyinI tRtIe ema lakhyuM che. sAbitI e che ke, rAjA khAravele pitAne (juo () AmAMno vRta zabdano artha "traNa" ema lekhanI paMkita 17 mAM) " pravRtta cakravALA rAjarSithAya che, paNa teno artha cAra rIte ghaTAvI zakAya vaMza viniHsRta" ane "mahAmedhavAhana cedirAja vaMzatema che. je tene abhivijaya zabdanI sAthe levAya varSana" (juo lekha paMkita 1) tarIke jaNAvela che. to tene artha paNa be rIte ghaTADI zakAya tema che; matalaba ke teNe pitAne saMbaMdha mahArAjA karekaMDu mahA (40) tyAM sudhI te game che, tenI khAtrI e parathI (1) A siMhaladvIpanA rAjAnI vaMzAvalI mATe pu. thaze ke, teNe potAnI AkhI kArakirdI dakSiNa hiMdanI 2. pR. 264 TI. naM. 71 mAM juo. caDAI karavAmAM ja gALI che (je tenA zilAlekhamAMnI (42) ahIM mULamAM be ya je lakhAyA che tene badale have pachInI paMktinA varNanathI spaSTa thAya che.) eka va joIe; eTale kAM te udalamAM bhUla thaI che athavA : vaLI sarakhAvo pR. 279-80 upara, nedha tarIke raju te prAcIna samaye lekhako koI vakhata eka akSarane be vakhata karelA amArA vicAre.) lakhI jatA hatA tenuM A daSTAMta paNa hoya.

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tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 283 meghavAhana, jene ApaNe cedivaMza sthApaka tarIke mUsika nagarane bahu trAsa Apyo che. oLakhAvyuM che, tenI sAthe joDavAne magarUrI batAvelI (ba) sAtakaraNa upara-AmAM potAnuM bIjuM varSa che. paraMtu te mahAme vAhana rAjAthI vaMzanI Adi gaNAvyuM che. ane teno rAjyAbhiSeka ma.saM. 98=I. sa. thayelI gaNAvAya te vacce temanI gAdI upara anya pU.429mAM thayuM che te hisAbe A paMktimAM varNavelA kuLadIpaka AvyA che (kemake jAmAtRnA vaMzamAM gAdI banAvane samaya ma. sa. 100=I. sa. pU. 427mAM thayo gai che. teo anyakaLa kahevAya; tema bIjI rIte gAdI gaNu rahe che; eTale te sAlamAM aMdhrapati zAtakaraNIte cAluja rahI che tethI gAdIpati tarIke temane cedi- eno vaMza athavA jene zatavAhana vaMza tarIke paNa pati te gaNavA ja rahe che) ane te bAda pAchA te ja oLakhAvAya che tenI sthApanA thayAnuM ane jenA Adya mahAmedhavAhananA kuLadIpake AvyA che. A pramANe rAjA tarIke zrImukhanuM nAma levAya che tene rAjyAraMbha tene trIjo yuga thayo kahevAya. vaLI te yugamAM pita thayAnuM gaNavuM paDaze. A viSayane sparza saMkSiptamAM thayo che ema rapaSTa karavAne teNe viziSTatA sUcaka pu. 1, pR. 158, tathA 342-44mAM karAyo che, chatAM 'purUSa yuga" zabda vAparyo che. paraMtu jema vidvAne vistRta adhikAra zatavAhana vaMzanA vRttAMte jaNAvamanAvatA AvyA che tema, tenA vaMzanA trIjA purUSa vAmAM Avaze. eTale atra eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM ke tarIke ja (upara batAvelI cAramAMnI chelI rIta A rAjA zrImukha naMdabIjAne putra hAI. tenAM maraNa pramANe ja) pote hatA evuM batAvavAne jo teno bAda (i. sa. pU. 428) magadhapati thavAnuM hatuM, paNa Azaya heta te puruSaJAne sthAne mAtra puThA zabda ja zANInA peTe janmela hovAthI tene haka khUTavAI gayo vAparata. vaLI tene trIjA purUSayugamAM thayela tarIke hata; tethI magadhamAMthI madhyaprAMtane raste dakSiNamAM je lekhIe te. pu. 1. pR. 173 mAM nirdiSTa karA- utaryo hato ane varADa jIllo kabaje karI gedAvarI yela nAmAvaLI pramANe teno AMka chaThTho Avyo gaNAze ane kRSNa nadInA pravAha vaccenA pradezamAMthI dha ane je eka vidvAne43 khAravelano naMbara Azare AvIne kaliganI pazcima hada upara bhaya pamADI rahyo cho gaNAvyA che te paNa baMdhabesatI thatI jaNAze. hatAH evA IrAdAthI ke khAravela haja javAna che. A pramANe samajAvela nivedanathI sAbita thAya che ke, tathA tAjetarane ja (jo ke pote paNa suratamAMja chUTo khAravele pitAne trIjA rAjA tarIke nahi, paNa trIjA paDIne svataMtra rAjA banyA hata) gAdI upara Avyo yugamAM-vibhAgamAM thayela pitAne jAhera karela che tathA che paraMtu pote umare meM paNa che tathA jota jotAmAM laMkAdhipati rAjA abhayanA rAjyAbhiSeka pachInA (eka varSathI paNa ochI avadhimAM) meTA rAjya trIjA varSe te gAdIpati thayo che ane tenI peThe ja vistAra pitAnI ANamAM meLavI zakyo che eTale divase divase vardhamAna thatAM rAjyano svAmI banate khAravelanA rAjyanA sImAprAMte upara je hale gayo che ema paNa sAthe sAthe jaNAvI dIdhuM che. laI javAze te, tene bhAra nathI ke te bacAva karI (3) trIjI paMktimAM "purUSayuga" zabda lakhAyo che zake; AvI AvI gaNatrImAM te AgaLa ne AgaLa tenI samajUti uparamAM apAI gaI che. eTale have pitAnA pradezanI pUrva dizAe--athavA kaliMga prAMtanI vizeSa vivecananI apekSA rahetI nathI. pazcima dizA tarapha vaLe jato hato. tene A pramANe (4) bIjA varSe-sAtakaNi (upara) moTI senA Avate sAMbhaLIne, rAjA khAravele pote paNa te zrImukha mekalI che; ane kanDanA (kRSNa veNu nadI) upara sAtakaraNInI kazI paravA karyA vinA ja kRSNaveNa nadI (43) juo dazamAM khaDe prathama paricchede pU. ra4ra (44) A badhA varNana mATe pu. 1mAM nadazananuM pattAMta juo.

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hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa vALA pradezamAM moTI senA laIne jhaMpalAvyuM; ane sAta kAMI. te ukti anusAra zrImukhanI dakSiNa hiMdanA karaNInA sainyano evo te pIcho pakaDayo ke tene samrATa thavAnI mahatvAkAMkSA manamAM je hatI te te ekadama pAchA haThavuM paDayuM hatuM; eTale sudhI ke, godAvarI manamAM ne manamAM ja rahI gaI; ulaTuM tene rAjA ane kRSNa nadIne AkhAye pradeza khAlI karIne TheTha, khAravelanuM sArvabhaumatve46 svIkAravuM paDayuM ane te nadIonAM mULavALe jyAM mulaka che ane jyAM vizeSamAM pitAnA vaMzane ' aMdhabhutyAH" che (je nAsika nagara Avela che tyAM sudhI khasI jaI babbe AMdhrapatio anyanA sevake-bhratyA; che evA) tarIke tyAM ja Asaro levAnI temane pharaja paDI hatI. A oLakhAvavA paDyA che. banAva banyAthI zrImukhane potAnI rAjagAdI paiThaNa 5 (gA) kahanA (kRSNa veNu) nadI; A uparathI ane nAsikanA pradezamAM sthApavI paDI hatI. je khAravela samajAya che ke jema kRSNanadInuM bIjuM nAma veNuM tene mAthAne maLyo na hata, te kadAca zatakaraNuM- hovAthI kRSNave tene kahevAya che, tema anya enA rAjyAraMbhanA samayathI ja dakSiNa hiMdanA lagabhaga nadIone paNa veNu nAmathI oLakhAtI hovI sarva prAMto upara, teonuM sArvabhaumatva sthapAI gayuM joIe. (jIe pu. 1, pR. 151 tathA tenI TIkAo) heta; paraMtu manuSya dhAre che kAMI ane kudarata kare che veNAne bennA paNa kahevAya che. ane tethI tenA taTa-kAMThA ---- . (45) zatavAhana vaMzanI sthApanA ma. saM. 100 mAM cAlyuM jatuM hatuM. thaI che ane tarata ja A hIra khAvI paDI che eTale paiTha- (47) sarakhA "zaMgabhatyAnA artha sAthe (pu. 3. chumAM gAdInI sthApanA karavI paDI che tathA tyAM TharI ThAma pR. 49: pu. 1. pR. 154, tathA 390 I. i.) atra eTaluM keTaloya vakhata rahevuM paDayuM che. bAkI rAjyanA AraMbhamAM umeravuM paDaze ke, pratyAne prayoga vaparAzamAM hatA to bIravALo bhAga ja prathama kabaje karyo hato. eTale te samaye gaNarAjyanI paddhati jevuM kAMIka hatuM kharuM. jyAre rAjagAdI te pradezamAM ja karI kahevAya. have samajAze ke zuM tyA: ne prayoga thayA hatA tyAre te khAlasA rAjyabIrAra prAtamAM temanI rAjagAdI tarIke sthApanA je ke thaI khaMDiyA rAjyanI paddhati paNa amalamAM mUkAI gaI hatI. hatI paNa te sthAna che eka mAsa ja rahevA pAmyuM che ane eTale zuMgabhatyA; zabda che te zuMgavaMzanI kharekhara sthApanA pachI te paiThaNune pasaMda karavuM paDayuM che. thaI hatI te pUrvenI temanI sthiti batAvanAra zabda ja che, | (varADa prAMtane kabajo meLavIne tyAM mahArathI nAmanA nahIM ke teo gAdIpati banyA hatA chatAM bhatyA. kahevAtA je saradAre, naMdavaMzI rAjAonI hakumatamAM sUbA pade hatA hatA (jema aMdhajayAMH nI bAbatamAM banyuM che tema) tene teja mahArathIne pote hakumata upara pAchA sthApyA hatA. te batAvavA mATe vaparAya che. matalaba ke bane zabdone tathA vizeSamAM teo tenA tAbe AvyA che tenI nizAnImAM, artha eka che paNa sthiti judI batAvanAra che. paraMtu vidvAnoe temAMnA ekanI putrI vere potAnA jyeSTha putrane paraNuvyo je bhAvArthamAM lIdho che te tene artha thatuM ja nathI hato. A mahArathI teja pelA nAsika ane nAnA ghATavALA eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. zilAlekhamAM varNavAyelI rANuM nAganikAne pitA samaja.) eka vidvAnanA aMkabhatyA vizenA vicAre kevA che te (46) rAjA khAravele zrImukhane hAra khavarAvyA chatAM mATe jue pu. 3. pR. 355 TI. na. 13. tene mulaka pitAnA sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI lIdhe nathI; temaja (48) ahIM jema nadInI oLakha mATe amuka vizeSaNa padabhraSTa karIne tene rAjapadanA bhagavaTAthI vaMcita karyo paNa joDAyuM che tema keTaleka ThekANe nagaranI oLakha mATe paNa nathI. A hakIkata siddha kare che ke tenuM mAnasa bhUmilabha vizeSaNa joDavAmAM Ave che. jemake vardhamAnapura-ANaMdapura. tarapha DhaLyuM nahotuM. balake ema kaho ke kALadevanI asara (juo buddhiprakAza. 1934 pR. 58 tathA 318AgaLa (juo pu. 1. pU. 7 thI AgaLa; jara, jamIna ane jerU (jaina dharmaprakAza, mAsika bhAvanagara 1985 vaizAkha vALI carcA) hajI te samaye thavA pAmI nahatI (A aMka 2. pR. 58 thI 33; teja patra zrAvaNu aMka pR.161 uparathI paNa rAjA khAravelanA samayano khyAla AvI zakaze.) thI 174) (muMbainuM sAptAhika gujarAtI 1937 jAnyu. ane tethI ja kaI kaI ThekANe "gaNupaddhati' jevuM zAsana nA ekAda aMkamAM carcA)

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tRtIya pariccheda ] upara je zahera vasI rahyuM hatuM te ennAtaTa nagara kahevAtuM hatuM. ( AnuM kAMika vRttAMta pu. 1 pR. 150 mAM dhanakaTaka zIrSaka taLe ApyuM che. vaLI AgaLa upara A paricchedamAM mahAvijayanA pArigrAphe ApavAnuM tejue) che. (6) musika (mUSika) nagara sudhI sAtakaMzune hADI dIdhAnI hakIkata che. prathama te A nagaranA sthAna vize evI kalpanA amArI hatI, ke musi nadI upara je zahera vasyuM hAya (sarakhAvA uparamAM ennA nadI upI ennAtaTanagara nAmanI sthApanA vizenI hakIkata,te musika nagara kahevAyuM haze, tema kRSNA nadInI eka zAkhAnadInuM nAma paNa musi kahevAya che eTale, teTale darajje vAta maLI rahI gaNAya. jethI te musi nadI upara gAlakAMDA nAmanuM je zahera Avela che tene zrImukha zAtakaraNInA rAjanagara tarIke mAnI lIdhuM. paraMtu AMdhra dezanI rAjadhAnInAM zahera tarIke, paiThaNu, varaMguLa, cAMdA, cinura che. anekanAM nAma vidvAnoe mAnyAM che paNa kAie gAlakAMDAnuM nAma jaNAvyuM nathIja. eTale te kalpanA tyajI devA paDI. pachI varaMguLa zahera upara najara paDI to te 'muni'thanI nAmanI nadI upara AveluM jaNAyuM; jethI tenuM nAma kadAca 'munika' hoya; chatAM lekhanA ukelamAM tene 'muSika' vaMcAI gayuM hoya to tema banavA yAgya che. evI kalpanA thai. paraMtu tema karatAM bIjI muzkelI ubhI thaI, ke jo varaMguLamAM zrImukhanI rAjagAdI TharAvAya, teA pachI paiThaNamAM kayAre parivartana thayuM gaNAya tenA patto na lAgyA. chevaTa ema anumAna upara javuM paDayuM ke 'nAsika' ane 'paiThaNu' pAse pAse Avela che eTale 'muSika' te khadale ' nAsika ' nagaraja kahevAnA kharA, lekha kAtarAvanArane hAvA jAie. A khe kalpanAmAM nAsikanI kalpanA baLavattara kahevAya che; make AMdhra bhUpationA ekanI rANI nAganikAnA temaja anya AMdhratimAMnA zilAlekhA nAsika gAmethI tathA AsapAsamAMthI jaDI AvyA che, tema (49) AgaLa upara rAjA khAravezanA rAjavistAra anuvAdanI samajUtI 285 temanA sikkAe paN kRSNA nadInA mULa lekhAtA A pradezamAMthI dhaNAja jaththAmAM maLI Ave che eTale te kalpanA vizeSa mAnanIya dekhAya che. chatAM lipi vizAradeA lekhanI A paMktinA ukela karIne je vicAra jaNAve te upara vadhAre AdhAra baMdhAze. hAla te| ApaNe tene nAsika nagaraja49 mAnI laizuM. (5) pAMcamI eLanA ukela vize kAMI kahevApaNuM nathI. (6) chaThThI paMktinA ukelamAM ghaNAM sUcanA sUcavavAM paDe tema che. te A pramANe cheH-- (G) rASTrika, bhejakrAne potAnA paga upara namAnyA. AmAM rASTrika kAne kahevAya ane te kayA pradezamAM vasatA hatA te jaNAvIe. samrATa priyadarzananA khaDaka lekhAmAM A zabdo Ave che ane vidvAnAe temanAM sthAna tarIke madhya prAMtavALA bhAgamAM, tApI ane narmadA nadI vaccenA tathA tenI taTanI AsapAsanA je pradeza Avela che tene gaNAvyA che. paraMtu have ApaNe samajI gayA chIe ke A nAme te mAtra heddAne lagatAM che. jemake amuka saMkhyAne je uparI te rathika ane tevA dhaNA razikA jenA hAtha taLe rahetA heAya te mahArathika kahevAya. AvA mahArathikanAM dRSTAMta mATe jIe pu. 2. pR. 217 TI. naM. 38; ane A rathika, mahAracikanuM parivartana thaine rASTrika ane mahArASTrika zabdA thayA che. tevIja rIte bhukti eTale jene hAlamAM jIllA kahevAya che tevA eka bhUmipradeza; tevA pradezane bhAtA eTale vahIvaTa karanAra te bheAjaka; A uparathI ema paNa samajAya che ke, rASTrika ( thika ) ane mahArASTrika (mahArathika) te sainyane lagatA haiAdAo che; jyAre bhAjaka te mulakI hAdAe che. tevIja rIte asmaka-azvaka eTale azvA amaladAra samajavA. A pramANe jo A A badhAM nAmeA hoddedArAnAMja kare, te pachI temanA nivAsasthAna mATe amuka pradezaja nirmita karI zakAya nahIM. vALA pArigrAphanI vigata jIe.

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hAthIguMphAnA lekhanA 286 hajI ema TharAvI zakAya ke, je sthAna upara ghaNA sainika amaladArA AvI rahyA hAya evAM athavA te jyAM tevI sainika chAvaNIo hoya tevAM sthAna--tevA purUSAnAM sthAna-tarIke temane eLakhAvI zakAya. matalakha ke, rAnna khAravele je rASTrikAne ane bhAjakAne peAtAnA page namAvyA che te kAI amuka pradezanI prajA nathI paNa trIjA ceAthA varSe je pradeza upara teNe humale karyAM hatA, tyAM A prakAranA saradArA je rahetA hatA temane harAvyA hata!. ApaNane jaNAvAyuM cheke khIjA varSe teNe zatakaraNInuM jora teADI nAMkhyuM hatuM. eTale A trIjA ceAthA varSe je rASTrikA ane bhAjakAne teNe namAvyAnuM lakhyuM che, te A aMpationA te te prakAranA chUTAchavAyA haiddedAra| samajavA rahe che. aMdhapationA keTalAka mahArakiA madhyaprAMtamAM paNa hatA; ke jemAMnA ekanI putrI nAganikAne zrImukhe peAtAnA putra gautamIputra yajJazrI vere paraNAvI lIdhI hatI. tema cuTukAnaMda, mulAnaMda jevA khIjA mahArathikA kAnarA jIllAmAM vasI rahyA hatA. kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, rASTrikA ane bheAjA, kAMI ekaja sthAne niyata thaIne paDI rahela prajA gaNI na zakAya; tema teone judAM judAM sthAnane vahIvaTa karavAne sAMpI dIdhA hAya, eTale amuka darajje te svataMtra ane amuka darajaje mukhya gAdIpati-evA aMdhrapatine tAkhedAra paNa haze ema samajAya che. vaLI teemAMthI jee ekaja Race-jAtimAMthI utarI Avela hAya te sarve rAjakuTuMbI ane bhAyAtA jevA gaNAtA hAvAthI, arasaparasapa. lagnagraMthIthI paNa joDAtA dekhAya che. rASTrika ane bhejaka nAmanA A be zabdonA bhAvArtha vizenI je samajUtI amArA khyAlamAM AvI che te A pramANe samajI levI. (kSA) pAMcamA varSamAM naMdarAjAnA ekase trIjA (50) marAThA (mahArASTrIya pezvAnA jema aneka saradArI hatA ane pachI temanA adhikAra nIce seAMpAcala pradezanA te svAmI thaI zakayA che; tema prAcIna kALe padmavAsa, khAruM, cennA,pAMDayAjha vigerenuM paNa samajI levuM, ane AbadhA [ duzama khaMDa varSa (saMvata)mAM khAdAyalI naherane; A pramANe anuvAda karAyala che. mULa zabdo haMme ja ddAnI vale navAjha ti-yajJa-sata-zoSAiTita che, jyAre tenI saMskRta chAyA paJcame cedAnIM varSe nandarAjasya tri-zata - varSe avaghaTTitAM AvA zabdomAM thatI heAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che. ane te pramANeja lekhanA kAtaranArane hetu heAya, teA bhAvArtha barAbara ja gaNAya. te pramANe che ke kema te ApaNe tapAsIe. AkhA vAkayanA be bhAga paDe che; paMcame ca dAnI vase ane naMdarAtivasa AdhATita; pahelA bhAgane artha spaSTa che tema zabda racanA pazu spaSTa che eTale tene barAbara tarIke svIkArI levI rahe che. je kAMi bhUla thAya athavA khavAya tevuM che, te A khIjA bhAgamAMja che. te AkhAye bhAgane samAsarUpe eka zabda anAvI mUkayA che. temAMja kAtarAvanAre khAsa khUbI vAparI jaNAya che. sAmAnya svarUpe jo te samAsane ukela karavAmAM Ave te tenA artha e rIte karI zakAze; (eka) naMdarAjasya trizatavarSe naMdarAjAnA ekasA trIA varSe (jema saMskRta chAyAmAM jaNAvyuM che tema) ane (bIjo) naMdarAjeNu trizata varSe; 'naMdarAjAnA ekase trIA varSe' vALA bhAvArtha jo svIkArIe, tA pAche teneA artha paNa e rIte thaze. ekamAM, naMdarAjAnA potAnA rAjye ekase trIjAvarSe ane bhIkhamAM naMdarAjAne je saMvata cAlatA hatA tenA ekasA trIjA varSe; AmAM naMdarAjAnuM peAtAnuM rAjya ekasA traNa varSa sudhI cAlyuM heAya, te mAnyatA buddhigamya na hovAthI tene paDatI mUkavI joIe; paNu naMdarAjAnA saMvatanuM ekseA trIjuM varSa te haju samIcIna che. paraMtu ApaNe pR. 268-70mAM te AMkaDAnI aneka prakAranI zakayatAo laIne puravAra karI ApyuM che ke 103nA AMkane, nathI naMda saMvatanI sAthe je kuLamAMthI utarI AvyA heAya tenA peTA vibhAgamAMthI kanyAnI levaDa devaDa karatA kahe che tema A AMdhrapationu' paNa samajI levuM. tethI ja zrImukha tathA aghrapatine mahArathIka vigeremAMthI kanyA letA ApaNe nIhALI rahyA chIe.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 287 saMbaMdha ke nathI maurya saMvatanI sAthe saMbaMdha eTale te vidvAnoe sUcavyA pramANe ane saMskRta chAyAmAM vAtane paNa asvIkAraja karavo paDaze. chatAM te pramANe batAvyA pramANe "naMdarAjasya trizata varSe" e thato artha vizeSapaNe buddhimAM utarI jato dekhAya che, artha besAravAthI kaI rIte paNa sthiti barAbara eTale uMDANamAM utarI tenA arthane barAbara ukela ghaTAvI zakAtI nathI ja. lAvavo jarUrI dekhAya che. dalIlanI khAtara mAno ke have "naMdarAjeNu trizata varSanA arthavALa samAsa teja artha thAya che te tenI matalaba e thAze ke ghaTIta che ke kema tene vicAra karIe. teno svIkAra (1) keI naMda nAmane rAjA pUrve thaI gayo hato je karIe te e phalitArtha thaze ke, naherano banAvanAra tenA nAme saMvatsara cAlu karAyo hato, ane te rAjA naMda che paNa tene samaya je 10kane batAvAyo saMvatanA 103jA varSe koI bIjA naMdarAjAe A che te AMkavALA saMvatane pravartaka anyajana hite nahera khodAvI hatI (2) athavA te pharIvAra naMdanuM tathA te nahera khAravelanA samaye astitvamAM hatIja; nAma vacce na ja lAvavuM hoya, te pahelA nade prava. mAtra teNe je kArya karyuM che te eTaluMja ke tene laMbA velA saMvatanA 103jA varSe rAjA khAravele nahera vIne kaligamAM laI gayo che. eTale ke saMvatano pravartaka khodAvI hatI-A pramANe pAchA be bhAvArtha thaI zake. prathama thayela che. te pachI 103 varSa naMdarAjA je pahele bhAvArtha ho to te nahera sAthe be thayo che, ane te bAda rAjA khAravela thayo che, A naMdarAjAne saMbaMdha hato ema thayuM ane teno artha e pramANe sthiti thaI. tema itihAsanI dRSTie thayo ke pahelA naMde saMvata pravartAvyo hato ane bIjA vicAratAM. A maMtavya svIkArI levAmAM kyAMya virodha naMde nahera khodAvI hatI; tathA te be naMda vacce kAmamAM Ave te paNa jaNAto nathI. chatAM rAjA khAravelanuM kama 103 varSanuM aMtara hatuM. tema je na heta te mAnasa te pramANe kahetuM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI; pahelA naMdanA saMvatsaranA te AMkanI hada, bIjA naMdanA kemake teja pramANe Alekhana karavAno che tene Azaya samaye pahoMcI zakataja nahIM. have je te pramANe vastu hota, to sUtara mArga e hatuM ke teNe samAsa vApasthitine mAnya rAkhIe to aDacaNa e Ave che ravAne badale, naMdarAjeNu ane tivasasata AdhArita; ke, ItihAsamAM naMdarAjAo nava thayA che ane temane ema bane pado jUdAM pADyAM hata; athavA samAja kALa, eTale ke AkhAye naMdavaMzano samaya mAtra so vAparyo hota to naMdarAja tivasata-AdhATitane varSano ja gaNAyo che; te pachI naMdasaMvatanA 103 jA badale tivasasatanaMdarAjaghATita vALuM pada mUkata; jethI varSe bIje naMda thayAnI mAnyatA, 'bArahAthanuM cIbhaDuM artha paNa spaSTa samajAta ane samAsa paNa vaparAya ane tera hAthanuM bI' vALI kahevata jevI dekhAze. mata gaNata. chatAM tema nathI karyuM eTale samajAya che ke laba ke be naMdane nahera sAtheno saMbaMdha hovAnI tene kahevAno Azaya jUja che ane te darzAvavA dhAraNA paNa paDatI mUkavI paDaze. pachI bIjI vicAraNAnI mATe tene amuka khUbInuM pradarzana karavuM paDayuM che. te zakayatA vicAvI rahI; temAM naMdasaMvatanA 103jA varSe zuM haze te ja ApaNe zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. . rAjA khAravele pitaja te nahera khodAvI hatI e uparamAM aneka zakyatAnI vicAraNAnuM vivecana hakIkata che. te vAta paNa mAnya thatI nathI; kemake, karatAM sAbita thayuM che ke, naMdarAjasya athavA naMdarAjeNa khAravele lekhamAM spaSTa rIte nirdeza karyo che vALe, artha ghaTAvI zakatA nathI ja; paraMtu eka ke, teNe te nahera khodAvI nathI paNa. je nahera atihAsika ghaTanAno svIkAra karyo che jemAM nIcenA astitvamAM hatI tene mAtra labAvIja che. matalaba traNa mahAno samAveza thaI jAya che, ke te saMvatane ke te kalpanA paNa baMdhabesatI thatI nathI. A sarva pravartaka prathama thayo che, pachI naMdarAjA thayo che ne dalIla ane kalpanAnI carcAno sAra e thayo ke sauthI chevaTa khAravela thayo che. eTale ApaNuM kartavya

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288 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa have eTaluMja thaI paDe che ke, evI keIka paristhitinI implied of the Mahavira Era is kalpanA raju karavI joIe, ke jemAM uparanA aiti- actually found in the inscription=ema hAsika traNe mudA sAbita thaI jatA paNa darzAvI zakAya svIkAravAmAM Ave che ke te varSonI gaNatrI mahAvIra temaja tenI sAtheno samaya je 103 varSane nedhA che, saMvata pramANe karI che. paraMtu durbhAgyanI vAta che ke te khAravelanA jaNAvyA pramANe tenA rAjyAbhiSeka pachInuM lekhamAM kharI rIte mahAvIra saMvatanA nAmane spaSTapaNe pAMcamuM varSa hovAne meLa paNa maLI jato dekhAya. ke adhyAhArarUpe paNa nirdeza karAyuM nathI. eTale jyAre A pramANe badhI vAnIo taiyAra karIne raju chevaTa sAra e thayo ke te 103no AMka mahAvIra karAI che, tyAre ApaNe te have mAtra gaNitanA saMvatane che ane teja sAla khAravelanA rAjya pAMcamA saravALA-bAdabAkInA niyame ja kAma karavuM rahe che; ke varSanI che, eTale ke pitAnuM pAMcamuM varSa, teja mahAvIra 183mAMthI pAMca bAda karatAM je 98 rahe che te sAlamAM saMvata 103nI sAla hatI ema thayuM, tathA je nahera khAravelane rAjyAbhiSeka thayAnuM gaNI levuM tema te pite kaliMgamAM laMbAvI che te prathama magadha dezamAM 98ne AMka kyA saMvatsara hoI zake te zodhI kADhavuM naMda rAjAe baMdhAvI-khedAvI hatI; mATe tenuM nAma paNa have sahela thaI jAya che. kemake eka bAju te paNa aMdara AvI jAya che. chatAM artha besAravAmAM kaI saMvatanI Adi naMda pahelAnA samayanI pUrve thaI gayAnI prakAre gerasamajAtI rahI na jAya. mATe lekhamAM hakIkata che. bIjI bAju naMdano samaya ma. sa. 55 thI chetarAvyA pramANe, te zabdone samAsarUpe goThavI kADhyA 71 sudhIne sAbita thaI gayela che. trIjI bAju che. Ama karavAthI samayane nirdeza paNa karAya tathA naMda vaMza ane rAjA khAravelanA vaMza vacce keTalAka vAkaya racanA karavAnI khUbInuM pradarzana paNa karAyuM. samaya pUrvathI eka jana pratimAne mATe khacAkhaca thaI A pramANe artha barAbara besata thaI gayo che. rahyAnuM jANItuM che. cothI bAjI baMne vaMzA jena ane te sacIkara che ema sAbita thAya che. chatAM matAnuyAyI puravAra thaI cUkayA che. pAMcamI bAju eka anya graMthakAre bIjA prakAranI sUcanA karI che jainadharmanA pravartaka tarIke mahAvIrane gaNAya che ane te paNa vicAravA yogya tathA sughaTita che tenI carcA temane saMvata I. sa. pU. 5ra7 thI gatimAM mUkAya che. nIcenI kalama (2)mAM karavAmAM AvI che. Ama sarva prakAranI sAmagrI taiyAra paDI che. pachI (6) dAyelI naherane tanasUliyA vATe rAjadhAnInI te gaNitanI gaNatrIja karavI rahe che. kAve te prathama aMdara laI AvyA-Ane artha ema thAya che ke, je i. sa. pU. 527 laI temAMthI 98 bAda karI lyo nahera naMda rAjAe potAnA deza magadhamAM amuka samaye ke prathama khAravelanA rAjyArohaNane samaya I. sa. pU. badAvI hatI tene jarUra paDatAM, laMbAvIne tanasUliya 429 no TharAvyo che temAM 98no umero karIne parahanI vATe rAjA khAravela potAnI rAjadhAnI sudhI laI sAla ubhI kare te paNa eja sAra nIkaLaze ke gayo hato. A vAkyathI aneka mAhitI upalabdha te AMka mahAvIra saMvatane ja che. ApaNA maMtavyane thAya che. (1) naMda rAjAe nahera khodAvI hatI che. kenAu ke ApatAM jaNAve che ke, (it) is (2) kayAre ane (3) zA mATe ? te jaNAvAyuM nathI. postulated that the years are reckon paraMtu rAjA khAravele (4) tasUliya nAmanA pradeza ed in the Mahavira Era, but unfor- vATe (5) jenuM nAma jaNAvAyuM nathI evI pitAnI tunately no mention expressed or rAjanagarI sudhI te naherane laMbAvI lIdhI hatI. te (51) prathama geTalI ke prathama Abe, e jema kahevuM muzkela thaI paDe che tema A kissAmAM banyAnuM paNa mAnI le khoTuM nathI. paraMtu chevaTe badhI sthiti svIkAravI rahe che. (52) jue eTA orIenTelIyA 5. 24-26

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tIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajAti 28 (pahelo) prazra spaSTa che (bI) kayAre ane (trIje) lakhavA pramANe ri--- artha "tIsare varSa zA mATe; tema karyuM hatuM te tapAsIe. kayAre ?-je ke satra ' trIjA varSanA eka bhAgamAM, ema thaI sAlamAM nahera khodAvI tenA ullekha mATe je 103no zake che eTale temano kahevAno bhAvArtha e che ke, AMka bharyo hota te A prazna ubhe naja thAta ? rAjAnaMde potAnA rAjyanA trIjA varSane aMta AvyA atra te te AMka nahera laMbAvyAnI tArIkhane puravAra te pahelAM (ma. sa. 56+3=19J. sa. pU. 468) teNe thayo che, eTale khodavAnI tArIkha te zodhI kADhavIja A nahera khodAvI hatI. nahera khodavAnuM kArya sAmAnya rahI. paraMtu etihAsika paristhiti vicArIne naMda rIte khetarane pANI pUruM karavA mATe hAtha dharAya che, rAjAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM ema jaNAvI gayA chIe ke eTale tenI racanA-sarjananuM kArya, game te samaye pAra tenA rAjya kudaratanI vicitratAne be prakAre dekhAva utArI zakAya tevuM kahI zakAya, paraMtu A lekhamAM thayo hate. eka varSanI ativRSTirUpe ane bIje je sthitinA nirdezamAM te kArya karyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che te varSAnA abhAvArUpe ( juo pu. 1. pR. 330) temAM jotAM, tene duSkALa-vRSTinA abhAvanA-prasaMga sAthe ativRSTine samaya ma. sa. 19I. sa. pU. 468 saMbaMdha hovAnuM jaNAya che. tema ApaNe jANI (eTale naMdivardhana rAye cethA varSa) ane anAvRSTino cUkyA chIe ke naMdivardhananA rAjya ativRSTi ane samaya ma. sa. 64 thI 72=I. sa. pU. 46thI 55 anAvRSTi bane thavA pAmI hatI. eTale kadAca daramiyAna; athavA aMdAjI ma. saM. 65=I. sa. pU. samajI zakAya ke, anAvRSTine prasaMga I. sa. pU. 462 (juo pu. 1 pR. 401nI samayAvaLI) TharAvyo 468-9mAM banyo hoya; je uparathI rAjA naMde prajA che. uparanA samayanI noMdha, ApaNe anya paristhitine kalyANArthe te nahera khedAvI hoya. ApaNe paNa te aMge, svayaphuraNAthI upajAvI kADhI hatI. paraMtu eka sAla aMdAja tarIke varNavI te che; paraMtu ApaNuM lekhake jaNAvela vicAra uparathIpaNa te bAbatanI varNanamAM ane atrenA lekhadarzanamAM jaNAvelI paristhivicAraNA karavAnuM mana thAya che. te kathana ApaNe uparanI ti vacce eka taphAvata e che ke, ApaNe ativRSTine kalama (A)mAM jaNAvela 103nA aMka saMbaMdhe jAhera samaya ma. sa. 58 jaNAvyuM che. jyAre lekhAMkana te karyuM hatuM, paraMtu A naheranA samayane te vizeSapaNe pramANe anAvRSTino samaya te che. [taidha A pramANe lAgu paDatuM hovAthI tenI carcA karavAnuM. tyAM na karatAM tivArae ne je artha svIkArAya,55 te anAvRSTine atra karavo upara mulatavI rAkhyuM hatuM. temanA samaya nakkI thaI gayuM kahevAya; bAkI ApaNe aMdAjI (53) jue bhAra. prA. rAjavaMza pu. 2. 5. 246. rAjaktaone potAnI pharajanuM bhAna hatuM ke, jyAre dALa (hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana karatAM, chaThThI paMktimAM je 103 paDe tyAre lokanA duHkha pheDavA mATe AvAM AvAM kArya hAtha no AMka bIja vidrAnAe vAMce che te saMbaMdhamAM vivecana temaNe dharavAM joI e ja; tema naheranAM kAryane-IjanerI kaLAnA karatAM jaNAve che). temanA zabdo A pramANe che. kaccha aMga vizeSa tarIke-phatehapUrNa banAvavAnI AvaData ane vidvAna imaeNke, sivaNa zad kA artha tIna varka karake, jJAna paNa hatuM. (je keTalAke ema mAne che ke te vakhate maramatake samaya taka usa naharako bane 300 varSa he cUke AvuM ijanerI jJAna ja nahotuM tathA rAjAone AvA kAmanI che, aisA anumAna karate hai, aura kucha rivara zad se paDI paNa nahatI, teonI khAtrI thaze ke temanA AkSepa trivarSa sataM (tIsa varSa ke satra)kA tAtparya nikAlate hai" beTA ane bhrAMtijanaka che.) eTale ke uttara taMnA be artha karAya che (1) traNa varSa (55) A artha svIkArAya tApaNuM khAlanA jIvanane (2) ane trIjA varSanA amuka bhAgamAM; AmAM pahelo artha aMge kAMI pheraphAra nathI thavAne; kemake temAM te potAnA asaMbhavita dekhAya che. rAjyAbhiSeka bAda amuka varSe A banAva banyo hovAnuM (54) A u5rathI siddha thayuM ke, pUrvanA samaye paNa teNe kahyuM che. mAtra para je paDe che te naMdivardhana

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hAthIguMphanA lekhanA 20 hakIkatanA AdhAre te samaya gAThavyA hatA, jyAre A zilAlekhanA purAvAnA AdhAre hAvAthI te have pramANabhUta Thare eTale magadhanI anAvRSTi . sa. pu 4689mAM thayAnuM nAdhavuM rahe che. tema nahivardhananA vanavRttAMtamAM paNa tadanusarIne darakAra karavo paDaze. te A pramANe-3 i. sa. pU. 472 mAM te gAdIe Avyo che, ekAda be varSe peAtAnI sthiti majabUta karavAmAM gALyAM che, pachI jInamUrti meLavavA karliMga upara caDhAi lai gayA che, te kAma aradhuM paradhuM patyuM. tyAM duSkALanA samAcAra maLavAthI pote magadha taraph jatA rahyo ane nahera khedAvI. tevAmAM 467 mAM vatsa ane avaMtipati putriyA maraNa pAmyA eTale tene te bhAjI dhyAna devuM paDayuM; pachI, uttara hiMdanA ane pazcima hiMdanA-aparAMta tathA kIDA vALA pradezA anukrame jItI laine potAnA deza tarapha vaLavAnA samaya Avye; tyAre tene charA| liMgane prathama mahAta karI tene viMdhIne madhamAM javAnA hatA; paraMtu teTalAmAM ativRSTi thavAnA nA rAjyanA anAvane age paDe che. vaLI 103 ne AMka je mahAvIra saMvatane ApaNe manAvyA che te A pAte ja jyAre uMDI jAya che tyAre te yA savAnA hatA ke je, te prazna atra vicAravAnuM Ape| Apa ja aMdha thai jAya che. vizeSa sodhanathI je puravAra thAya te kharuM. (56) te samaye DALa hato eTaluM siddha thayuM. pachI te muLa sthAnIka hadamAM ja 'kucita thaI rahyo hatA ke vizeSa vistAramAM prasarI AApaka banyA hatA, te prazna niAve che. paraMtu ahI eka naisargika tattva taka vAcaka thatuM dhyAna kheMcavA jarUra dekhAya che. [ zama khaDa samAcAra maLavAthI, te pramANeno kAryakrama paDatA mUkI, tene madhyaprAMtane raste jaladI magadhamAM paheAMcI javuM paDayuM; i. sa. pU. 447-8 Azare. ane te khAda varSa dADha varSamAM te maraNa pAmyA eTale sarviMga jItavAnuM emane ema khakAta rahI gayuM. matalaba ke kaliMga upara taro eka vakhataja caDhAi karI hatI. ] A pramANe (4) kalamanI vicAraNAmAMnA pAMca muddAmAMnA, kayAre ane zAmATe vALA bIjA trIna muddA paNa carcA gayA gaNAyA. chatAM trIjo muddo je 'zAmATenA che. te aMge jA vivecananI jarUra lAge che. para`tu e hakIkata siddI rIte sparzatI na DhAvAthI TIppaNa (jIe nIcenuM TI. naM. 56)mAM jaNAvIzuM. khAkI atra eTalIja noMdha karavAnI ke te nahera ke prathama naMdarAjAe madhamAM ma. sa. paTa mAM karAvI hatI. ane ma. sa. 103 mAM tene khAravele liMga sudhI laMbAvI hatI. eTale 40-45 varSanA gALAmAM ja te banne praderoAmAM duSkALa1 paDayA hatA ema siddha thayuM kahevAze. krAMti e prakAranI DhAI zake che. devakRta ane manuSyaAdi, aneka nAmathI Adhita karI zakAya tevI krAMtio te kRta. manuSyakRta krAMtimAM rAjadvArI, dhArmika, sAmAjIka, ItiyAsanAM pAne khetamAnakALe noMdhAtI ja jAya che; beThI tenI samaja vAcaka varga mApavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. paNa devakRta krAMtionAM paDatara ane niyamana, manuSya buddhithI tevI krAMtie nyAre virbhAva pAme che. tyAre ApaNe avazya dene, temAM caMcupAta banlR thaI zakato nathI, paraMtu tene camakAra rUpe nidrAe chIe ane sASa pAmI akaLa che. ' besI hIe chIe ke e to kudarata che, tenA mA Adhunika prajAnA manamAM ema vaseluM dekhAya che ke, kudarata tA tamezAM kadAsInoja kALa vahana karye jAya che. tenAmAM caitanya jevuM kAMI hAi zake ja nahIM, tethI zAstra (2) agnipraaApa (3) ane duSkALa saMkaTa, A traNe prakAranAM AvI krAMtinA traNa prakAra mukhya che ) pakSa kAree, naisargika zaktinAM ane prasAyanAM je vivAhA sarva pAcakra dharmane suvidita ja che. atyAre kaye rAkhyAM che. te kevaLa jIbhanA bakabakrATa ke kalamanA ApaNe chelrA prakAranI krAMti sAthe sabaMdha hAine tene apratiba`dha pravAha ja mAtra che. paNa have joI zakAze ke, lagatuM ja vivecana karavAnu che. te sa* ziSati RtihAsIka purAyArthI sAbita karI zAya tema ja. kudaratanI zaktio nA anerI ja che. tenI kalpanA karatAM karatAM paNu, manuSya prANInI zakti kuMThita thaI jAya tema . duSkALa ke vIvA paDe che. sudhA ane bhAne. bhInA duSkALamAM ativRddhi thavApI, bI vAveluM kAdI jAya che ane rAtra jAmaya thaI jatAM, khIjanuM navuM vAvI zakAtuM nathI. piAme prAsanI ane anAjanI taLI paDe chaeN, paNa

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tRtIya pariccheda ]. anuvAdanI samajUti 2 have cotho tathA pAMcamo muddo vicArIe. rAjA mAnI zakAya che ke, te game te bhAgamAM haze te paNa gaMgA khAravela (4) tanasUlIya vATe te naherane potAnI (5) nadImAMthIja te naheramAM pANI vALavAmAM AvyuM hovuM rAjadhAnInI aMdara laI gayo. AmAM hakIkata ema che ke, joIe ane jayAM magadha rAjyanI hada aTakI jatI haze naMdarAjanA samaye magadhamAM duSkALa hatA; kayA bhAgamAM tyAMsudhIja te nahera khodAI hovI joIe. te nahera have hatA tevo ullekha kayAMya jaNAyo nathI, paraMtu ema jarUra jyAre rAjA khAravele laMbAvIne, eTale jyAM AgaLa pIvAnA pANInI chUTa rahe che; jyAre sukA dukALamAM varSAne bAda, sADA traNa varSe eTale I. sa. pU. 523 5chI, samaya abhAva hoIne mULathIja ghAsa ane anAja pAkatuM na badalAto cAlyo hata; uparA uparI duSkALa paNa paDavA lAgyA hovAthI te banenI taMgI te paDe che ja. ane sAthe sAthe hatA. prathamanA so varSamAM keTalAye paDayA haze tenI noMdha pANInI kheMca paNa paDe che. tyAre pANI vinA te, na atyAre zodhI jaDatI nathI. paraMtu hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI pazu-paMkhI jIvI zake; ke na manuSya jIvI zake ke na spaSTa thAya che ke, te samayamAM be te nedha u5ra caDI cUkyA vanaspati ucharI zake pariNAme sarva prakArane saMhAra vaLI hatA ja. te bAda caMdragupta samrATanA samaye paNa be vAra paDayA jAya che. eTale bhInA karatAM sUko duSkALa vadhAre tIvra ane hatA. prathamane duSkALa kAtila pariNAmI hovAthI tene karUNa tathA ghera pariNAma nIpajAvanAra nIvaDe che. bAravaNa kahevAya che. (A mATe juo samrATa caMdraguptanuM jayAre sUke duSkALa paDe che tyAre pANIne abhAva varNana. tyAM pR. 179 upara aMjanaguTikAvaDe adazyapaNe thatAM vanaspati kamAIne marI jAya che, jethI khetaro ujaDa besIne zramaNae bhejana karyAne je prasaMga varNavyo che verAna jevAM thaI jAya che, jhADIo hoya che tenAM jhADa pAna te A samayane jANu) paNa samajAya che ke teTalo lAMbe marI javAthI narAM huM ThAM-rUkha ubhAM hoya tevuM vana dekhAvA samaye te cAlyA nahIM hoya; jyAre bIjo to tenAthI lAge che. vaLI je jaMgalamAM prathama sUryanuM kiraNa sarakhuM paNa vizeSa bhayaMkara ane dIrdha samayI nIvaDayo hato ane paNuM praveza thaI zakatuM nahotuM tyAM vinA aDacaNe te bAra varSo hatA ja. A samaye zrImahAvIranI gAdIe pazuo dehAdeDa karI zake che. jyAM eka varSane duSkALa (ma. sa. 170 = I. sa. pU. 357) sthULIbhadrajI nAmanA hoya tyAM paNa AvI sthiti thaI jAya che. tyAre eka varSa AcArya hatA. temanA pachI thoDAMka varSe eTale lagabhaga ma. karatAM vizeSa mudata mATe jayAM duSkALa paDa hoya tyAM saM. 223 = I. sa. pU. 304 pAchA dukALa paDayA hatA. A te era vizeSa gaMbhIra sthiti ubhI thAya te dekhItuM ja che. badhA duHkhakara hovAthI temanI noMdha jaLavAI rahI che. temaja duSkALanuM kSetra che sthAnika-kI maryAdAmAM-khaMbhita sivAya nAnA ane mIta pariNAmI te aneka bInanedhAyA thavAne badale vizeSa vistAramAM prasarI jatuM hoya to te paDI rahyA che tenI vAta te jUdIja gaNavI. pramANamAM tenI pIDA vadhAre bhogavAya che. A bAbatamAM sTaDIjha kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke zrI mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI eka jainIjhama Ina sAutha InDiyAnA lekhake pR. 21 mAM prathamanA pAMca varSamAM eka bIjAthI utare nahIM-bake jaNAvyuM che ke, sometimes the famine extended caDhI jAya tevA aneka dukALo hiMdanI bhUmi upara bhinna over the whole kingdom, but more often than bhinna sthaLe paDayA che. pariNAme zrI mahAvIranA samaye je not, it was confined to small tracts = keTalIka jagale, udhAne, upavane, bAga bagIcAo, ItyAdi hatA vakhata duSkALa AkhA rAjyamAM pharI vaLato hate; paraMtu temAMne meTe bhAga vinAza pAmI gayo hate; jethI te samaye apavAda karatAM sAmAnyapaNe te nAnA nAnA dezamAM ja te mANasanI je AbAdI mAtra zaheramAM ja jamA thaI rahI gAMdhAI raheto hato. Ama chatAM ye je duSkALane vistAra hatI, te e.vAM thaI paDelAM navAM ujaDa jaMgalavALA bhAgamAM vadhI jAya ane temAM ) vaLI je uparA uparI dukALa vasavATa karavA lAgI hatI. eTale zaheranI gIradI eAchI AvI paDe te, sarvatra jhADa ke jaMgalanuM nAma nizAna paNa thaI, tema jhADa jaMgale paNuM eAchAM thayAM. pariNAme varSa na rahetAM, saphAcaTa verAna ja thaI jAya che. ane manuSyanI paNa kamI thavA lAgI ane duSkALanI saMkhyA ane saMkaTa, saMkhyAne paNa teTalAja pramANamAM kaccaraghANa vaLI jAya che. uttarottara vadhatAM cAlyAM. A pramANe A jherIco vicious A badhuM samajI zakAya tevuM che. circle gatimAna thayuM. zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa i. sa. pU. para7 mAM thaye A badhuM naisargika rIte banyA karatuM hatuM. tethI ja

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hAthIguMkAnA lekhanA 2 magadhanI ka AvIne TakAvI rAkhI hatI tyAMthI peAtAnI hadamAM lakhAvI che tyAre eTalA phalitArtha thAya che ke te naheranI laMbAI dhaNI ja hAvI joIe. tema peAtAnI rAjadhAnImAM laI gayA che eTale ema paNa samajAya che ke, magadhanI hadathI potAnI rAjadhAnI *keTaleka aMtare AvelI hAvI joie. te rAjadhAnInuM jainagraMthAmAM AvA kALacakrane, ArAnuM nAma ApI, tevA keTalAka AArAnA samuhane harSiNI ane avasarpiNI kALa evAM nAma ApyAM che. AnuM kaika vRttAMta pu. 1 prathama paricchedamAM ApyuM che. dekhItuM che ke, vartamAna pAzcAtya keLavaNI prAsAdita vargane A khAmatamAM bahu zradhdhA nahIM paDe; paraMtu jyAM aitihAsika sAdhaneAthI uttarottara kALanu mahAtmya ane te uparathI manuSya, pazu, paMkhInAM zarIra tathA jIvana upara kramAnusAra thatI kSati, A pramANe puravAra thatI te sAkSAta nihALe, tyAM pachI thA bIna purAvAnI tene apekSA rahe? matalaba ke temane paNa aMte te--kumata-nA kAyadAnu' astitya svIkAravuM paDe che. jainaga cAmAM tethI karIne, mahAtmAe zerInATa nahera karyuM che ke, zrI mahAvIra pachI amuka kALa vyatIta thaye ATalI ATalI vastuone vizeSata: viccheda thaze ja. te pramANe kALabhagavAnanuM cakra niyatama niyamita rIte kyAMja kare che. A niyamanA te svIkAra thayA ane svIkAra pIMja eTale samudramAM jaeNma bharatI ATha thayA kare che, sUryanA hRdaya-sta thayA kare che, rAtrI ane divasa eka pachI eka AvyAM kare che, tema kALabhagavAnathI nipajanI asarAnI paNa caDhatI ane paDatI thayAMja karavAnI. A prakAre je kALe caDhatI thAya tene urpiNI kALa, ane paDatI mAca tevA kALane avasarpiNIkALa zAstrakAroe karyo che. jyAre caDhatInA kALa heAya che tyAre dareka prakAre caDhatI ja thayA kare che. eTale ke khUba varasAda paDe, tApa paNa manamAnatA paDe, dhanadhAnya puSkaLa utpanna pAca, mAsanAM zarIra puSTa rahe, na nirvAhanI kArItA vasAvavAnI ciMtA na rahe, AyuSyanI vRddhi thAya, zarIranAM khadhAraNanAM sadhAtAnA ane saMsthAnono vikAsa thAya; virodha baLavAna poMcavAna bane, rahamAna-zarIranAM mApa, mAya thAya ema satra sadA uttarottara vRddhi ja thayAM kare. harSe vicAro ke tyAM AvI kramAnumati cAlatI haiAya, tyAM tyAranA karatAM virodha zarImAnavALAM, viropa Ayu [ dazama khaMDa nAma zuM haze te jaNAvyuM nathI paNa gata paricchede ApaNe tenI kAMIka carcA karI gayA chIe ane sAbita sAbita karyuM che ke tenuM sthAna, vartamAnakALe jagannAthake purI jyAM che tenI ane tenI pAsenA cilakA sarAvaranA pradezanI aMtaragALe Avela haraze. ApaNI A anumAnane eka lekhakanA kathanathI samarthana maLe che. byavALAM, vizeSa aizvaryAM, parAkrama ane jJAnavALAM manuSyA paNa huMAca, temAM kalpanAtIta jevuM zuMche! eTale kAi ema kahe ke, pUrve manuSyanuM zarIra sA, masA ke pAMcaso dvAra vatu hatuM athavA zarIranI uMcAI pAMca sAta darA kuTane banne, vIsapacAsa seA ke khase phuTa jeTalI hatI (zrImahA* vIranu zarIra 10-11 phrUTa, zrIpArzvanAthanu 14-15 phuTa, priyadarzananA samaye maMdiranAM dvAra 10 phUTa sAbita thayAM che nA te samaye manuSyanA rASTrIya pahu AmaMga temAM ja DhAya ema pI zakAya che ) to kAMI khAca jevu nathI. are tethI paNa vizeSane vizeSa kahevAya, te paNa asa'bhavita nathIja (jainenI mAnyatA pramANe nemInAtha ane maukR, yudhiSThira ane bhImanA jamAnAmAM trIsa phuTanAM zarIra ane hajAra varSoMnAM AyuSya hatAM. ) have samajI rAkArI ke bagalamAMnI je keTalIka hakIkatane mAnanIya gaNe che te, temaja vaidika ane anya matanA dhArmika sAmAMnI prAcIna samayanA varNanamAMnI je aneka dhanAmAM hAlanI prazna hatamAra mUkyAM acakAya che te, misaranI kaoNmAMthI nIkaLI AvatI maukhAne lagatI hakIkata, Adi Adi (jIe pu. 3. pR. 128 thI AgaLa jaMbudrIpanI hakIkata, tathA pu. 293 mAM pUchyAsa mA ke anAvALA pArAmAM varNavelI bInA) paNa taddana satyapUrNa hoya che. mAtra ApaNI buddhi saMkucita kreine, teTale daraj la MbAvI zakatI na hovI, te dareka vastune pratyakSa karI zakAtI na heAvArthI "tema heI ja rA' evI ApaNA manamAM krAMti thai naya che. mATe zAMti ane vibhramane pacha, te bInAnA satya tarIke svIkAra karavA, teja pita mArga rahe tevA ja beMka prasaMga A khAravela che. cakravartInA vana prasaMgamAM AgaLa AvavAnA che te vAMcI te javA tathA tene kudaratanA naisargika patananI asara tarIke gaNI laI, A TIppaNamAM atra je hakIkata kahI che te sAthe sarakhAvavAnA che; te pArkiMganu nAma 'duSkALanA prasa'ga ane pustakAhArano saMbaMdha' evu zakhyuM che te juo.

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tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajAti teo57 jaNAve che ke, He made a canal medha na karatAM rAjasUya yajJa karIne pitAnuM sArvabhauma from the Bhargavi to Chilka lake=teNe pada siddha karyuM hatuM." matalaba ke jaina rAjAo (rAjA khAravele) bhAragavI (gaMgAnadInuM nAma che)mAMthI rAjasUya yajJa ane vaidika matAnuyAyIo azvamedha cilkA sarovara sudhI nahera baMdhAvI hatI. A zabdathI yajJa karatA hatA. ATale sudhI to hakIkata barAbara che. ema paNa hakIkata nIkaLe che ke, te samaya pahelAMye paNa zA mATe yajJa karavAmAM Avato te vize matabheda cilkA sarovara te hatuM ja, paraMtu duSkALane lIdhe te amane je dekhAya che te ahIM jaNAvavA jarUra paDI nirjaLa thaI gayuM hatuM-athavA thaI jAya tevI bhIti che. uparamAM paMDitajIe eTaluM ja mAtra jaNAvyuM che utpanna thaI hatI tethI teNe nahera khodAvIne gaMgAnadInuM ke, sArvabhaumatva siddha karavA yajJa karAyA hatA. paraMtu pANI temAM vALyuM hatuM eTale te sarovara sajaLa banavA ApaNane khuda rAjA khAravela pote ja, have pachInI pAmyuM hatuM. tanasUliyavATe 58 je zabda vaparAya che, paMktiomAM jAhera kare che ke, teNe A yajJa karyA pachI te pradezavAcaka hovAnuM samajAya che. ane tema ja paNa aneka pradeza jItyA che. pAchaLathI pradeza jItyA hoya che, jyAMthI magadhanI hada aTakI paDI hatI che ema jyAre jaNAve che, tyAre ApoApa siddha thaI tyAMthI cilakA sarovara sudhInI je kaliMgarAjyanI gayuM ke, yajJa karyo te samaye te pradeze tenA kabajAmAM bhUmi hatI, te saghaLIne ke tenA eka aMzane, A nahetA ja; eTale sArvabhaumatvanI siddhine mATe te tanasaliya nAmathI oLakhavAmAM AvatI hatI. eTale yajJa teNe karyo hovo na joIe te dekhItuM che. vaLI te bhUmimAM thaIne te nahera khodavAmAM AvI hatI zabdakeSamAM teno artha jovA jatAM anya sthiti ja ema kahevAnI matalaba thaI. nIkaLI paDe che. temAM Apela samajAti vaDe te ema (3) chaThThI lITImAM chelle sucana ema che ke, spaSTa thAya che ke sarvopari rAjAvaDe potAnA rAjyArAjA khAravele, rAjyAbhiSekanA chaThThA varSe rAjasUya bhiSeka vakhate karAtoja te yajJa che. je rAjyAbhiSeka yajJa ujavatAM karanA badhA rUpIA mApha karyA... vakhateja karAto hoya to te pachI te samrATane AkhA AmAM rAjasUya yajJa ane karanuM mAphIpaNuM A be rAjyakALamAM zAMti ane nirAMta ja gALavAnuM rahevuM muddA samajUti mAge che. joIe; kemake sArvabhaumatva meLavyA pachI vizeSa lAbha rAjAo taraphathI be prakAranA yajJo karAtA rAkhavAnuM kAraNa rahetuM nathI. game tema artha karo. ApaNe sAhitya graMthomAM vAMcIe chIe. eka azva- paraMtu eTaluM to rAjA khAravelanA nivedana uparathI medha ane bIjo rAjasUya. azvamedha yajJamAM azvano siddha thAya che ke, teNe A rAjasUya yajJa nathI karAvyo bali devAya che ane te vaidika vidhirUpe gaNAya che. pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA samaye, ke nathI karAvyo tyAre azvanA baline hiMsakarUpa mAnIne, jaino je sArvabhaumatvanI siddhinI jAherAta mATe. tyAre zA ahiMsAne pradhAnapade sthApe che teo rAjasUya yajJa mATe karAvyo haze te prazna thAya che? tenA uttara kare che. paMDita jayasvAlajIe temanA A lekhanA tenA ja zabdo, je A yajJa karyAnA ullekha pUrve maLa uparathI anavAda thayela che tema) spaSTapaNe ane pAchaLa joDayA che temAMthI maLI Ave che. teNe - jAhera karyuM che ke, "jaina hovAthI te rAjAe azva spaSTa jaNAvela che ke, duSkALa paDavAthI nahera laMbAvIne (57) ja, A, hI. rI. se. pu. 2 khaMDa 2 pR. 14 (58) eka lipi A "tanaliya" ne badale te lIya' zabda hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. samrATa priyadarzinanA dhIlI-jAgauDAvALa khaDaka lekhamAM te sthAnanI rAjadhAnInuM nAma tasalIya nagarI jaNAvI che. (59) juo. je. sA. sa. pu.. pa. 375 paMktina1 (10) jIo gujarAta vidyApITha taraphathI bahAra paDela, sArtha joDaNI keza . 655

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294 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa tenuM pANI pitAnA malakamAM lAvyo hato ane rAjasUya jANamAM nathI, tema kuLa paNa jaNAyuM nathI eTale yajJa karI karanA badhA rUpiyA mApha karyA hatA. A kathanathI jAti-race-saMbhave che. ane vajadhara svataMtra tarIke ema artha niSpanna thAya che ke, duSkALa paDavAthI eka bhAga hoya ke pachI trIjacha kSatriyone keAI peTA jema teNe sakriya ane racanAtmaka pagalAM tarIke vibhAga hoya ke lipi ukelavAmAM kAMIka pheraphAra thavA naheranuM kArya upADayuM hatuM, tema bIjI bAju, duSkALa pAmyo hoya. paraMtu kaliMganI hadamAM ke aDoaDanA pIDita prajA ane kheDutane rAhata maLe te mATe aneka pradezamAM te rANInuM mahiyara haze ema banavA lAgyA che. prakAranA karamAMthI utpanna thatA lAkho rUpIAnI (8) AThamI paMkti-(goradhagiri)ne teDIne AmadAnI paNa jatI karI dIdhI hatI. eTaluM ja rAjagRhane gherI lIdhuM-vIrakathAonA saMvAdathI yunAnI nahIM paNa duSkALanI zAMtine arthe 2 rAjasUya yajJa rAjA (yavanarAja) Dimite..Demetrius senA paNa karyo hato. pariNAme sarvatra zAMti sthapAI hatI. ekaThI karI mathurA choDI devA pagalAM bharyA... navamAM (7) sAtamI paMkti-sAtamAM varSamAM tenI gRhiNI varSamAM pallavaI. A pramANe artha karAya che. vAdharavALI dhruSitA-(prasiddha) mAtRpadane prApta thaI. () A AkhI e paMktine artha pheravavA jevuM. AmAM mAtra gRhiNI zabda ja lakhyo che, eTale che, kemake mathurA zabdanI hakIkata upara madAra rAkhIne samajAya che ke kadAca teNI paTarANuM na paNa hoya te artha karAyo che. eTale ke uttara hiMdanuM je nagara ane sAmAnya rANI hoya. tema pote rAjyapade mathurA che te A lekhanA ukelamAM madhyabiMdu tarIke AvyA pahelA eka putrane pitA thavA pAmyo nahIM rakhAyuM che; jyAre upara lepArthanI prastAvanAmAM ja hoya ema paNa samajAya che, nahIM te tevuM kAMI ApaNe (juo pR. 279-80) jaNAvI gayA chIe ke vizeSaNa joDI batAvata. alabatta, eTaluM paNa kharuM rAjA khAravelane uttara hiMda sAthe kAMI levA devA ja che ke teNe yuvarAja zabda paNa vApI nathI ja; chatA nathI; sivAya ke bahaspatimitranA mahela sudhI mAtra sarva saMjoge jatAM ApaNe ema artha besArIe dhasI jaI, tyAM rAkhelI jInamUrti pAchI laI Avyo ke, eka sAmAnya rANInA peTe yuvarAjano janma che. tenA parAkramanuM badhuM kSetra ja dakSiNa hiMda che. thayo hato te te anumAna khoTuM nahIM gaNAya. matalaba ke yavanarAja Dimita Demetrius I. sarva vadharavALI zabda te rANInI oLakha batAve vastu kalpanAthI joDI kADhI che, jenI vAstavikatA che; kAM to te pradezavAcaka zabda hoya ke kulavAcaka AgaLa Apela varNana uparathI samajI zakAze; tevIja ke jAtidarzaka paNa hoya; tevA nAmavALo pradeza hovAnuM rIte goradhagiri ane rAjagRha zabdano artha (6) prAcIna samaye rAjAonI udAratA kevI hatI tema ja zAMti sthApana thayA bAda potapotAnA dharmazAstromAM tathA potAnI prajA pratye ke prema dharAvatA hatA, A tenuM karamAvyA pramANe yajJayajJAdinAM vidhividhAne kare che ja, udAharaNa samajavuM. kara mApha karyo che; nahIM ke mulatavI jema atyAre A prathA che tema prAcIna samaye hatI rAkhe che; te khAsa dhyAna rAkhavA jevuM che. ema A uparathI siddha thAya che. A (vaLI sarakhA upara TI. naM. 11 nI hakIkata) (13) A yuvarAja te bIjo koI nahIM paNa rAjA (62) yajJa karavAthI duSkALanI zAMti thAya ema paNa vakragrIva tarIke, tenI pAchaLa gAdIe Avyo che te ja haze. kharuM ane duSkALa zAMta thayA bAda, paNa yajJa karAyo hoya tene janma A gaNatrIe ma. sa. 987=05 eTale ema paNa kharuM (ahIM zAMta thayA bAda karAyA hoya ema i. sa. pU. 422mAM thayo kahevAze. samajAya che.) (64) lekhamAM mULa zabda vani-ragharA che ane saMskRta atyAre paNa amuka prakAranI mahAmArI ke tevA upa- chAyAmAM saMgratatI karAyuM che. mULamAM vani ane rara3 ki AvI paDe che tyAre eka prajA tenA nivAraNa tarIke zabda chuTA paDela che.

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anuvAdanI samajUti tRtIya pariccheda ] esAravAmAM paNa skhalanA thavA pAmI lAge che. paraMtu tenA bhAvArtha je ame tAravI zakayA chIe tenuM yAgya sUcana zodhI na kaDhAya tyAMsudhI te, hAla je artha sarve. mAnya thayeA che tene svIkAra karIne ja AgaLa vadhavuM rahe che, chatAM te sUcana zodhI kADhavAmAM upayeAgI thAya te mATe kAMIka mArgadarzana karIzuM. (mA) gAradhari:----te mATe tevA ja nAmane, anya giri ke girizRMga, jenuM sthAna kRSNA nadInA mukhanI AsapAsa gheADA mAIlamAM AvyuM hoya te parvatane rAjA khAravelanI caDAInuM sthAna samajanuM rahe. che, temaja rAjagRhIne teADI nAMkhyAnI vAta galata jevI che. tene badale 'rAjagRhama' je mULapAya che eTale rAjagRhane--kahetAM rAjAnA mahelane--teADI nAkhyA hate ema kahevAnA artha che. A amArA kathanane TekArUpa zabdo tenA peAtAnA AlekhanamAMthI ja nIkaLI Ave che; je '"pallava" zabda che ane jenI hakIkata kAie zilAlekhanA artha besAravAmAM atyAre hisAkhamAM ja lIdhI nathI, te pallavajAtinA (jene ApaNe lijhnI kSatriyanI eka zAkhA tarIke ane rAjA maMdivardhananA samaye te prAMta upara vahIvaTa karavAne sUbA tarIke nImyAnuM jaNAvI gayA chIe te samajavA rahe che. pallava, ceAlA, kakha I. licchavInA vibhAge paDayA che te mATe jIe pu. 1. pR. 485; 313nuM varNana) rAjAne uddezIne vaparAyA che. temaja te pachI ApeluM varNana, ceAlA ane pAMDayA rAjAne lagatuM samajavAnuM che. kalpanA karavAmAM upayeAgI thAya te mATe ATaluM sUcana karI, have bAkInA arthate tADa batAvIzuM. (6) yunAnI rAjA (yavanarAja) DimiTe-Demetrius-mathurA choDI pAchAM pagalAM bharya|......A artha karAyA che. paraMtu mULe teA yunAnI rAjA evA zabda ja lekhamAM kAtarAyala nathI; kharUM che ke, yavanarAja zabda. vaMcAya tevA akSare che, te uparathI yunAnI zabda (65) vaLI jue nIce rR. 299mAM TI, na. vALu lakhANu. A mATe khInna daSTAMte paNa aneka maLI Ave tema che paraMtu turatamAM samajI zakAya mATe eka be TAMkI 295 gADavI dIdheA lAge che. vaLI AgaLanA akSara Dimite AvavAthI ane tenI joDenI jagyA truTita hAvAthI keTalAka akSarA paDI rahyA paNa samajAya che, jethI DimiTTIasa nAma mesADI levAmAM saraLatA thai gaI. temaja AkhA lekhane bhAvArtha bRhaspatimitra magadhapatinuM ane rAjA khAravelanuM samakAlInapaNuM sAbita karI ApavA upara avalaMbita hatA, eTale bRhaspatine bIjo artha puSya thAya che te uparathI bRhaspatimitra=puSyamitra goThavI devAyA che. tema puSyamitranA rAjagurU bhagavAna pataMjalInA samaye uttara hiMdamAM yavane paga pesArA thayA hatA eTale temaNe ALaT cayana: zAtA zabdavALuM je vAkaya lakheluM che tene a yavana lekAnA udaya sAthe baMdha besatuM paNa thai gayuM che. AvI rIte mULe dyarela eka anumAnanI aneka kaDIo maLatI thai jatAM, DiMDimanAde jAhera karI devAyuM ke, Dimite...zabda je che, te DimiTTIasa yunAnI rAjA sUcavatAja zabda che. bRhaspatimitra te puSyamitra che, ane je nagara yavanarAjane cheDIne khasI javuM paDayuM hatuM te mathurAnagara che. A pramANe anumAna tAravavAmAM Ave te paddhati sAme ApaNe eka akSara melavA jevuM nathI. saMzAdhanane viSayaja evA che ke temAM aneka prakAranAM anumAneA ane kalpanAe karavAM paDe che ja. paraMtu je vAMdhA che te eja ke, ame bahAra pADela prathamanAM pustA viSe, vidvAnAe evA Ape| amArA zIre mUkyA che, ke itihAsanA lekhake anumAna kadApi karavAM ja na joie. temaNe tA ** huM dhAruM chuM, mArUM maMtavya che, Ama haze, Ama saMbhava che, i. i. '' zabdanI vaparAzathI haMmezAM se gAu dUraja rahevuM joie ane tethI AvA zabdonA je prayAga ame karyAM che te sAcA itihAsanA AlekhananuM dRSTibiMdu na gaNAya. AvA abhiprAya dharAvanAra . vidvAnAne peAtAnuM vaktavya bahAra pADatAM pahelAM, belabhalA vidvAnane paNa kevA prakAre kAma levuM paDayuM che65 khatAvIzuM. (jIe pu. 3 pR. 176 TI. naM. 8; pu. 4. pu. 21 TI. 29; uparamAM pR. 186 TI. naM. 6 tathA pU. 198 TI. naM, 30 che. I.)

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hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa te prasaMganI yAda, dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM sUcana ja mAtra bAMdhIne pAchA haThI javuM paDayuM ?67 vaLI bIjI vAta e amAre karavAnuM che; uparAMta jaNAvavAnuM ke ATalA che ke A hakIkata temaNe puSyamitra ane paMtajalInA ATalA saMjogone meLa khAtAM chatAM paNa temaNe samakAlIna tarIke rAjA khAravelane gaNIne goThavI dorelAM anumAna kevAM khoTAM kare tema che te nIcenI kADhI che tethI teno samaya haju DimiTrIasanI lagabhaga samajUtithI teozrIne rozana thaze. AvI jAya che; paraMtu teno kharo samaya te I. sa. vAta ema che ke, DimiTrI ane samaya ja jude pU. 429no have sAbita thaI cUkyo che. eTale che. pu. 3mAM ApelI samayAvalInA pU. 6mAM I. sa. pU. kahevAnuM e rahyuM ke, khAravelanA samaye te zuM, paraMtu 187nI vigata uparathI khAtrI thaze ke, tenuM maraNuM che. tenI pachInA base varSo sudhI paNa koI yavana rAjAe sa. pU.181nA arasAmAM thayAnuM noMdhAyuM che; jyAre puSya- hiMdustAnamAM pagaja dIdhA nathI. saithI prathamamAM prathama mitranuM maraNa te tenI pUrve sAta varSe eTale I. sa. je kAI yavanapati hiMda upara caDI AvyA hoya te . 188mAM ane pataMjalInuM I. sa. pU. 190mAM thaI te alekajhAMDara dhI greTa che ane tene rasamaya I. sa. cUkyuM che. tema puSyamitranI jIvaMta avasthAmAM yavanoe pU. 327 che to pachI DimiTrIasanuM nAma paNa sAketa upara caDAI karAyAnI je hakIkatanuM darzana khAravelanA samaye kyAMthI saMbhave? matalaba kahevAnI bhagavAna pataMjalIe karAvyuM che te, DimiTrIasanA pitA e che ke, jema bahaspatimitra te puSpamitra nathI yuthIDImasane lagatuM che. eTale ke te vAkaya paNa sAcuM ane te ditIya paricchede Apela 18 dalIla tathA A paristhiti paNa sAcI. paraMtu vyaktio bhinna bhinna; lekhamAM paNa prasaMgopAta jaNAvela bIjI be traNa kadAca uparokta caDAIvALo prasaMga minenDarane AzrayIne dalIla juo) Tharata, tema DimiTe te DimiTrIasaTi lakhAyo heya (juo TI. naM. 66) paNa tema te banavA paNa nathI; temaja yavanarAja ane mathurA zabdanuM joga nathI lAgatuM kemake bhagavAna pataMjalInuM maraNuM vAMcana je karAyuM che te paNa sAcuM nathIja. yavananIpajyA bAda minenDaranI rAjakIya kArakIrdIne samaya rAjane badale vanarAja zabda che ane mathurAne badale Ave che eTale minenDare sAketane ghero ghAlIne chatI dakSiNa hiMdamAM AveluM madurA-madhurA nagara che; kemake lIdhAnI bAbatanuM varNana bhagavAna pataMjalInA mukhe mULa lekhamAM viparitu nara agyAto zabdo hovA thayAnuM saMbhavIta ja nathI. chatAM eka bAragI mAnI le chatAM, atyAra sudhI tene vijhoDatuM mathurAmapAto ke uparanA banne prasaMgo-yuthIDImase ke minenDare sAketane Avo artha je karAyo che tene badale eka lekhake ghero ghAlyAnA-DimiTrIasanA rAjya banyA hatA te, ripuzvatuM apAto, A prakArane tene artha je paNa prazna e thAya che, ke jyAre DimiTrIasa pite satala- besAryo che te vadhAre vyAjabI Thare che. chatAM A ja nadInI pUrva bAjunI bhUmi upara paga mUkavA jeTalo vAkayamAMnA aneka akSarano ukela game tevI rIte kare, paNa bhAgyazALI thaye nathI, tyAre satalaja nadInI pUrve temAM vAMdho levA jevuM nathI, paraMtu mULamAM madhuraM zabda keTalA aMtare Avela adhyA sudhI ke mathurA sudhI je che te te " mathurA karatAM madurA"nuM vadhAre sUcana te AvI pahoMcyo kayAre? ke jethI tene gAMsaDApoTalAM karato zabda che. eTale sarva kathana je atyAra sudhI uttara (16) sAketa zabda che ke zAkala, te prathama nakkI thavuM temanAM jIvanacaritro juo.). joie. zAkala hoya to ziyAlakoTa samajavuM, ane tene (67) jue che. hi. kavai. 1929, pu. 5 pR. 597 ghero ghAlanAra DimiTIesane pitA yuthIDamasa have jyAre (18) DimiTIesane bApa yuthI DImasa kahevAno temane sAketa zabda hoya te, aAdhyAnagarI thAya ane tenI upara hetu che kemake AkhuM lakhANa te prasaMgane AzrIne lakhela che. caDAI karanAra DimiTIesane saradAra ane tenI gAdIe (69) jIo jenIjhama ina marthana inDiyA nAmanuM pustaka AvanAra minenDara hate. (A badhAM varNana mATe pu. 3mAM (kta sI. je. zAha, prakAzaka oNgamensa kAM.) 5.161nI TIkA.

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tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti - 297 hiMdamAM banAva banyo tarIkenuM kahevAyuM che te have kAma lIdhe jatA hatA. tyAM vasI rahelI prajAne pikAra dakSiNa hiMdanA madurAne aMge kahevAyuM che ema gaNavuM pitAnA saradAra ke khaMDiyA rAjA, evA pAMDayA ane paDaze. ATaluM samajAyuM te pallava, pAMDayA vigerenuM je celA patidvArA, kaliMgAdhipati rAjA vRddhirAjanA kAne varNana AgaLa Ave che tathA yavanarAja zabdane badale pahoMcatAM, temaNe potAnA yuvarAja khAravelane te vanarAja70 hevAne saMbhava che te badhuM ApoApa luTArAone jera karavA sainya sahita mokalyo hato. samajI javAze. paraMtu te kAma saMpUrNa rIte pAra pADe, te pahelAM A pramANe prastAvika carcA karIne have mULa khAravelane pAchI bolAvI levAnI pharaja paDI hatI. vAta upara AvI jaie. hakIkata ema banI che ke chatAM khAravela jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM prathama vakhata je vakhate kaliMgamAM khAravelanA pitA vRddhirAjane pahoMcyo hato, tyAre zizuvayathI AgAhI ApatA pelA amala tapato hato, te samaye siMhaladvIpanAM (juo siMhalapati abhivijayanI yazagAthA to teNe sAMbhaLIja pu. 2, pR. 264 TI naM. 71nI vaMzAvaLI) rAjaprakaraNamAM hatI. eTale tyAMthI pAchA AvatAM je smaraNo khUba aMdhAdhUdhI cAlI rahI hatI. tyAM ma. sa. 45 thI pitAnI smRtimAM tene tAja ramI rahyAM hatAM, 75 sudhInA 30 varSamAM keIka pAMDuvAsa nAmanA te sAthe potAnI sarakhAmaNI karavAnI taka teNe aparicita vyaktinuM rAjaya cAlatuM hatuM. tene trAsa hAthadharI dekhAya che. AvI rIte khAravelane ma. saM. ane jalama bahu hatAM. tenA amalano uccheda karIne ha8mAM dakSiNa hiMdamAMthI pAchuM pharavuM paDayuM hatuM ane ma.saM. 95 mAM tyAM abhivijaya athavA vijaya nAmano potAno rAjyAbhiSeka thaI gayA bAda, suratamAMja rAjA gAdIe Avyo hato. te mahA parAkramI hato. zAtavahana vaMzI rAjA zrImukha zAtakaraNIne Akratemaja nAnapaNathI jhaLakI uThavAnI AgAhI Ape tevAM maNane aTakAvavAnuM kAma hAtha dharavuM paDayuM hatuM tathA buddhi ane kauzalya dharAvato hate. A vijaya rAjAnI te bAda rASTrike ane bheja kene namAvavAmAM guMthAvuM sAthe potAnI tulanA rAjA khAravele potAnA lekhanI paDayuM hatuM tathA te bAda duSkALanI sthiti pitAnA trIjI paMktimAMja karI che. rAjA vRddhirAjanA samaye dezamAM ubhI thavAthI temAM paNa yathA samaya rokAI javuM te pote dakSiNa hiMdamAM caDAIe gayo hato ane tyAMno paDayuM hatuM. A pramANe aneka prakAranI pAMca cha varasanA mAmale pUrata kAbumAM levAya te pahelAM tene pAchA samaya uparAMtanI tene rokta thaI paDI hatI, jethI AvavuM paDayuM hatuM ema ApaNe agAu jaNAvI gayA pelA pAMDavAsanAM kAryo paratve rAjA khAravela jarA chIe. tyAM sthiti evI banI rahI hatI ke je paNa saMbhALa rAkhI zakyo nahoto. jema jema rAjA pAMDuvAsa pAsethI ma. saM. 95 mAM siMhaladIpanI khAravelanI rAkata vadhatI cAlI, tema tema A bAju gAdI rAjA vijaye laI lIdhI hatI te pAMDuvAsa tathA pelA bhAIsAheba vadhArene vadhAre joramAM AvatA gayA; tenA bIjA maLatIyAo jeo paNa lUMTaphATa karavAmAM ane TheTha madurA sudhIne mulaka pitAnI sattAmAM laI ane trAsa vartAvavAmAM tenA jevIja manovRtti dharAvatA lIdhe. have A bAju rAjA khAravelane tyAM, pitAnI hatA temane siMhaladvIpamAMthI rUkhasada maLelI hevAthI, rAjyanA sAtamA varSe putra janmanI khuzAlInA prasaMganI pAsenA hindanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM nAsI AvyA hatA ujavaNI paNa purI thaI gaI hatI. eTale AThamA ane tyAM potAne aDDo jamAvI beThA hatA. tathA varSathI pAchuM pitAnuM citta dakSiNahiMdamAM zAMti sthApavA pitAnI hamezanI rIta pramANe tyAMnI prajA sAthe tarapha deDAvavAne tene avakAza maLe hato. kaliMganI (70) cavanarAjamAMthI prathamAkSara ya kADhI nAkhavAthI vanarAja zabda Ave che; ane vanarAja eTale vanamAM rAjA je je purUSa hatuM te; eTale luMTArA jevI vRtti dharAvate purUSa ema kahevAnI matalaba che. ' , ' ,

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28 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa hada vaTAvatAM prathama gAlA rAjAno, te bAda pallavapatino hakIkata vistArapUrvaka AgaLa lakhavAnI che eTale ane te bAda pAMDayAnI hakamatano pradeza Ave che. atre nAhaka na rokAtAM AgaLa vadhIzuM. eTale AThamA varSe prathama to, paMkita AThamImAM kAta- (gA) bhAratavarSamAM prasthAna karyuM-mULamAM maravaNa zavyA pramANe pelA gerathagiri-ane rAjagRha teDa- zabda che. atyAre koI bIjo artha ka95nAmAM besatA pAne banAva rAjA khAravelanA hAthe banavA pAmyo. nathI. eTale vivecana karavuM baMdha karIzuM. kadAca temane tathA te bAda dakSiNamAM AgaLa vizeSa javAnI teNe hetu dakSiNa bhAratavarSa tarapha digvijaya karavA te agrekuca karavA mAMDI. A samAcAra pelA luMTAra pAMDuvAsa sara thayo hato ema kahevAnuM thatuM hoya. vanarAjane kAne pahoMcyA eTale teNe mArAthI uttaramAM (6) daMDa, saMdhi, sAma pradhAna ityAdi; emAM koI prayANa karavAnI je taiyArI karI rAkhI hatI te khAsa noMdha nIkaLatI nathI. paNa saMbhavita che ke, mAMDIvALI pAcho haThI gayo. AkhIye AThamI paMktimAM daMDa, saMdhi, sAma ane bhedarUpe rAjanItinA je cAra kotarAyala banAvano itihAsa A pramANe samajavAno prakAra gaNAya che temAMnA prathamanA traNa bheda te samaye che. tene uttarahiMdanA mathurA ke DimiTrIasa sAthe astitva dharAvatA hatA, jyAre cothA prakAra, bheda saMbaMdha ja nathI. paDAvI rAjya karavAne, je gaNAya che te rAjA khAravela(9) te bAda AThamI lITInA cheDe je pallava nA samaya bAda amalamAM Avela dekhAya che. A zabda che tathA navamI paMkitamAM je aneka prakAranAM prakAranI nIti 5. cAkaye amalamAM mUkyAnuM kahevAya dAna karyAne ulekha che teno artha ema karavAno che che eTale khAravelane samaya 5. cANakaya ane caMdragupta che. te AkhuM varSa pahalavarAjAnI sAthenA yuddhamAM tene maryanI pUrvene sAbita thayo kahevAya. pasAra karavuM paDayuM hatuM ane aMte temAM vijaya meLa- (11) agiyAramAM varSe kharAba rAjAe banAvavIne tenI khuzAlImAM vividha prakAranAM dAna karyA rAvela maDIne meTA gadheDAonA haLa vaDe khodAvI hatAM; tathA pote jenadhamAM hovAthI te pradezamAM nAMkhya-ekaze tera varSanA tamaranA deha saMdhAtane teDI rAjabhavanarUpa, moTA rAjamahelane paNa jhAMkhapa pamADe nAMkhyo. te eka moTA mahAvijaya nAme-ahaMtanuM jInAlaya- (-bhA) AmAM kharAba rAjA ke tene prAsAda baMdhAvyo hato. je hakIkata dazamI paMkitamAM kAMI patto lAgatuM nathI. eka lekhake pitAnA teNe svayaM jAhera karI batAvI che. vicAra ema darzAvyA che ke, kharAba zabdane badale ahaMtano prAsAda banAvyo che te zabdaja sUcave B119 T Ava king or the king Ava che ke te jenadhama hato. joIe tethI teno artha karatAM kahe che ke, He (10) dazamI paMkita-mahAvijaya prAsAda ADa- (Kharvel) raises to the ground (plotrIsa lAkha rUpiyA vaDe banAvarA tathA bhAratavarSamAM ugh down) with an ass-plough the prasthAna karyuM. market town ( Mandi) founded by (ba) AmAM mahAvijaya prAsAda ane tene banA- the Ava king=Ava rAjAe banAvela te maMDa vatAM ADatrIsa lAkha dravyane karavo paDela vyaya che. (maMDI=bajAra) ne meTA gadheDAonA haLa vaDe teNe (71) Ane lagatuM vistArapUrvaka vivecana AgaLa u5ra maM iubhI karAvI hoya ane tyAM teNe tathA tenA sAgrIe mahAvijaya prasAdane lagatA pAragrAphamAM ApyuM che te juo. luMTamAM ANelI vastunAM kayavikraya karatAM hoya. (72) kadAca je vanarAjanuM varNana uparanI paMkti AThamI- (73) jue ja. e. bI. vI. se. pu. 14 5. mAM karyuM che teNe madaranI AsapAsanA kAI nagaramAM A 150 thI AgaLa.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 29 (khAravele) kheDAvI nAMkhyo. jyAre eka anya jyAre lekhamAM kyAMya (11mI paMkti pahelAMnI naM. 8, lekhake74 jaina saMpradAyanA vidyamAna eka AcArya 9 ke 10mImAM) A pramANe rAjA khAravele AkramaNa sAgarAnaMdasUrine pUchatAM temaNe vyakta karela" zabado karyAnuM jaNAvavAmAM ja AvyuM nathI. matalaba ke upara TAMkIne jaNAvyuM che ke, " He points out that jaNAvela hakIkatane koI prakArane saMbaMdha ja nathI. Kunilka is related to have ploughed (vidvAne saMzodhananA kAryamAM kevI vAtano ullekha Vishalanagar with ploughs drawn by karI zake che te A uparathI joI zakAze). tyAre asses=gadheDAnA haLa vaDe rAjA keNike vizAlA AgaLa jaNAvela eka vidvAna A maMDInA sthAne nagarane khodI nAkhyuM hovAnuM samajAya che" paNa bAbata anumAna karatAM jaNAve che ke, amArI ema samajaNa che ke A vizAlA nagaranI76 "Pithunda-Pitunda of Ptolemy. It hakIkatane khAravelanA jIvana sAthe jarAe saMbaMdha seems that it is a commercial town nathI tenAM aneka kAraNo che. (1) kharAba rAjAe of importance. It was the gate to the baMdhAvela nagara kRNike teDI nAMkhyuM che te te nagara Tamil-land, is indicated by the * kaNikanA samaya pUrve baMdhAyuM kahevAya ane tene teDa: information which we get from the nAra kaNika kahevAya; to pachI rAjA khAravelane tenA reading, now proposed by the last teDanAra tarIke zA mATe gaNo ? vaLI prathama kUNika che portion of this most difficult line - ane te bAda 75 varSe khAravela thayo che, te eka bhi[m]dati Tramira desha etc; vakhata je kuNike toDI nAkhyuM hoya tene pAchuM teDavAnuM mi [] rati maheza=he breaks up the khAravelanuM prayojana zuM? vaLI sAva sAdIne sAmAnya combination of the Tramil (Tamil) baddhimAM paNa utarI zake tevI hakIkata to e che ke, countries...The combination or league (9211091010122 at sletan eta Bella 24LEN had existed for 113 years as the preche; tyAM pahoMcatAM pahelAM, vace rAjagRhI tathA ceding expression says. The Tamil magadhano keTaleka bhAga Ave che pachI gaMgA nadI Ave tradition covering up the Pandya, che ane te oLaMgyA bAda vaizALI nagarI Ave che. Chola and Kerala Desha is here (7) ja, e. bI. pI. so. pu. 13, 5. 261 TI nagara to kaNikanA samaye karALapatinI sattAmAM hatuM eTa ne 1-2 te hakIkta tene baMdhabesatI thatI nathI.) (5) A pitAnA kathananA AdhAra mATe temaNe vizALA nagarIne artha avatinagarI paNa eka vakhata Avazyaka vRtti-haribhadrasUri racita-pR. 185-7 tathA thatI hatI; juo uparamAM pR. 22; pu. 1, pR. 183 TI. hemacaMdranuM vIra caritra pR. 170-1 hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. naM 102 tathA muni zrI kalyANavijayajIe jainakALa gaNanA AdhArapUrvaka jaNAvyuM che eTale banAva sAce che. paraMtu nAmanA lekhamAM 1987, pR. 31 TI. naM 28mAM lakhyuM che ke te prasaMga atra thatI carcAnA viSayane lAgu nathI paData. "zrI vIra nirvANati vizAlAmAM pAlaka rAjya 20 varSANi" (6) vizAlAnagara eTale vaizAlInagarI kahevAno matalaba ke avaMtine vizALA kahevAtI hatI paNa age te Azaya samajAya che kemake rAja kaNake vaizAlIpati ceTakanA kathana baMdhabesatuM nathI, mATe cheDI devuM rahe che. maraNa bAda te potAnA rAjyamAM bheLavI dIdhI che. eTale (7) pR. 25 upara amArA pustakanA vAcakee je kadAca te nagarInI durdazA teNe kaMI kAraNane laIne karI AkSepa amArA upara mUkayAnI phariyAda karI che te vAkaya sAthe paNa hoya, (asthAne viratAra vizALa gaNAtA hatA tethI A bInA sarakhAve. vaLI juo nIcenI TI. naM. 7 ane 81, tenuM nAma ke koI vakhata vizAlA kahevAI jAya che paNa te (78) jue ja, e, bI, rI, se . 45,50

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300 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa confirmed=pithuNa athavA lemIe (varNaveluM) te ja A piyuccha samajAya che. (8) te piyuM moTuM pituM. ema dekhAya che ke vepAranuM te eka agatyanuM jabaradasta vepAranuM mathaka gaNAtuM hatuM. uparanA mathaka hatuM. te tAmila dezanuM pravezadvAra gaNAtuM hatuM. kathanathI aneka bAbatanuM spaSTIkaraNa thaI jAya che. evuM sUcana (AkhA lekhanI) A paMkti je ApaNe je muddo atre khAsa lakSamAM levo rahe che te samajavAmAM sauthI muzkela che tenA uttara bhAganA e ja ke, rAjA khAravele tAmila dezanA traNa bhAga vAcanamAMthI nIkaLe che. te vAcana have navIna rItathIja upara amuka jAtanuM rAjakIya kAbu meLavyo hato tathA karavAmAM AvyuM che, te navIna vAcana A pramANe koI eka nagara-bajAra, je AgaLanA rAjAe badamAzI karAya che):-bhi[ma ]dati tramaradeza=tramara (tAmila) mATe ubhuM karyuM hatuM tene teNe nAza karI vALyo hato. dezanA saMga-ekIkaraNane teNe vikherI nAMkhyuM che. (2) uttarApathanA rAjAone bahu trasta karyA... (te dezana) A samuha-athavA samavAyataMtra-AgaLanA eTale ke upara pramANe dakSiNa hiMdanuM kAma moTA bhAge vAkayamAM lakhyA pramANe 113 varSathI hastimAM hatuM. pUruM karIne, have utara hiMda tarapha teNe pitAnuM dhyAna tAmIla (dezanI) daMtakathAmAM je pAMDavA, celA ane deravyuM; amArA mata pramANe A bAramA varSe ja kerala dezano samAveza karAyela che te A uparathI prathamavAra uttara hiMdamAM gayo che. ane tyAMnuM kAma siddha thAya che." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke, je jInamUrtine aMgenuM hatuM te patAvI nAkhyA pachI (1) AkhAye lekhamAM sauthI vadhAre muzkelIe samajI te tarapha pharIne bIjI vakhata joyuM paNa nathI. jyAre zakAya tema hoya che te A paMkitano pAchalo bhAga adyApi paryatanI pracalita mAnyatA pramANe, AThamI che. (2) tene artha navIna rIta79 hAla sUcavAyo che paMkitamAM rAjagRhane teDayAno je ulalekha ApaNe te mujaba have ema artha karavAne che ke, rAjA khAravele gaNAvyo che, te temaNe rAjagRhI dhArI laIne magadha tAmIla dezanA samuhane vikherI nAMkhyuM hatuM. (3) A deza pratinuM tenuM prayANa hovAnuM lakhyuM che tethI te samahamAM traNa deza gaNAya che. (4) tenAM nAma pADavA, banAvane magadha uparanI prathama caDAI gaNI che ane celA ane kerala deza kahI zakAya(5) kemake A bAramA varSanI caDAIne bIjIvAranI gaNI che. tAmila sAhityamAM A pramANe daMtakathA pracalita che. matalaba ke atyAre, be vakhata magadha ( (I A tAmila dezano kyAMthI AraMbha thatA gaNAya karyAnI mAnyatA che. paraMtu vAstavika rIte eka ja caDAI che tyAM tenA pravezadvAre-piyuDa zahera AveluM teNe karI che. che. (7) TelemIe pituMDa tarIke jenuM varNana karyuM che (12).sugAMgeya sudhI laI gayo ane magadharAja (79) prathamamAM, tamara=sisu, athavA tAmra eTale tAMbu te traNa dezanA samuha vize A kathana che ema samajavuM. ema artha besArIne, sisAne ke tAMbAno eka staMbha te trikaliMgane artha ApaNe ke karIe chIe te pu. 1mAM nagaramAM ubhe karAye hato ane te ukheDI nAMkhavAmAM cedidezanA varNanamAM ghoDuMka samajAvyuM paNa che, vizeSa A Avyo hato evo artha karAyo hato. have te ja lekhanuM khaMDamAM AgaLa upara jaNAvIzuM. vAMcana paNa jI karAya che tema artha paNa jude ja besArAya che. (81) A piyuDane arthe atyAre kAIka nagaranA nAma vasta ekane eka hoya chatAM, svarUpa ja tadana pharI jatuM dekhAya tarIke karAya che. AgaLamAM pRthula=meTA evA vizeSaNanA che. (saMzodhanano viSaya ja eve che. keTalAkane Azcarya thAya chebhAvArthamAM karAyo hato. (keTalA mATe taphAvata, sarakhAvo uparake, zuM ekane eka vastu hovA chatAM ATaluM badhuM parivartana thaI mAM pR. 295nI hakIkata tathA TI. naM. 79 tathA TI. naM. 7), zake! te vAta temanI buddhimAM na utaratI hovAthI pitAne game (82) cakkasa te kahI zakAya tema nathI paNa kalpanAmAM tevA zabdo vAparI anyane utArI pADavAnI kozizo karyA kare che.) utare che ke, tenuM sthAna vartamAnanA tAMjora, sAlema, ke (80) ApaNe jene vikaliMga tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe tricinApalI jIllAmAM AveluM haze.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 30. bahaspatimitrane pitAnA paga upara namAvyo...rAjA rIte vAcana thAya te artha paNa pharI jAya te naMdadhArA laI javAmAM Avela kaliMgajInamUrtine. dekhItuM ja che. prAcIna samaye ketarAvAyela lekhamAM aMgamagadhanuM dhana laI Avyo... rUtunA, havAmAnanA, varasAdanA pANIne, TADhataDakAnA, (ka) sugAMgeya-pATaliputramAM magadhapatino A te upara besatA pakSInI hagAranA, musApharonA hAthe nAmano mahela che. tenuM nAma mudrArAkSasa nATakamAM thayela aTakacALAne ItyAdi, aneka prakAranA saMjogane paNa levAyuM che; pitAnA paga upara magadhapatine lIdhe tenA akSara upara tathA hasvadIrdhana kAnA mAtrA namAvyo che. eTale tene kAMI tAbedArI bhagavato nathI upara temaja vaLAMka upara je je asara thAya che karyo paNa tebA pokarAvIne-ApaNe sAdI bhASAmAM te te aneka prakAranI che; eTale vAcanavAcanamAM jenI "mIna kahevarAvI kahevAya che-te sthitimAM kALe kALe pheraphAra dekhAI Ave te paNa svAbhAvika che. ANI mUkayo hato. rAjAnaMdadhArA laI javAmAM eTaluM ja nahIM paNa eka ja kALe ghaNuM jenArAonI Avela eTale naMdIvardhanarAjA je, kaliMgapati kSema- dRSTimAM paNa bhinnatA hevAthI jude ukela karI rAjanA samaye laI gayA hatA te, evA bhAvArthamAM zakAya che. matalaba ke kaI zilAlekha ukela ke te vaparAya che. eTale ke je jInamUrti naMdIvardhana-naMda vAcana nAphera rahI zakatAM ja nathI. A vAta dhyAnamAM pahelo 3 AgaLanA vakhate laI gayA hatA tene, A rahe te, kaI paNa navI jAtane artha bahAra paDatAM khAravela, gaMgA nadInA pravAhadhArA TheTha pATaliputra vAcakavargane je Azcarya jevuM lAge che ke zuM Agala thaI jaI magadhapatinA sugAMgeya nAmanA mahelane gherI gayela sarve vidvAno bhIMta bhUlyA hatA jethI temane Avo. laI pAchI uThAvI lAvyo hato ane kaliMgapatinuM je artha sUjha ja nahIM! tevI temanI manodazA thaze nahIM; apamAna naMdivardhane karyuM kahevAtuM hatuM tenA badalAmAM, paraMtu ItihAsanA saMzodhanamAM je samadaSTi keLavavAne teja naMdivardhananA vaMzaja ane hAlanA magadhapati teo anyane upadeza ApavA taiyAra thaI rahe che bRhaspatimitrane pitAnA page namAvyo hato. A te ja upadeza pitAne keTalA pramANamAM levuM jarUrI bahaspatimitrane atyAra sudhI vidvAnoe zuMgavaMzI che te ApoApa samajI jaze.] puSyamitra manAvyo che. paraMtu tema banavA yugya nathI te (ba) kaliMgajInamUrtidhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, ApaNe uparamAM aneka purAvAthI puravAra karI ApyuM jInamUrti zabda vAparyo nathI paraMtu tenI sAthe kaliMga che eTale have pharIne te prazna carcatA nathI. A pramANe nAmanuM vizeSaNa joyuM che. tene be rIte samAsa karI pariNAma AvatAM kaliMgapati ane magadhapati vaccenA zakAzeH eka kaliMga-jInamUrti ane bIjo kaliMgajInaaMTasanI pUrNAhuti thaI gaI hatI ema samajavuM rahe che. mUrtinuM prathama rIte samAsa heya te teno artha kaliMga [nedha-atra neMdha levAnI eTalI jarUra rahe dezamAMnI athavA kaliMgadezavALI mUrti eTale kaliMga che ke, bhASA ukelamAM aneka vakhata aneka vidvAnone dezamAMthI laI javAI hatI te mUrti, e sAdhAraNa mataphera thayA ja kare che. paMDita bhagavAnalAla idrajIta artha thaI zake. jayAre bIjA samAsane artha kAMIka jevA saMzodhana niSNAte bRhaspatimitrane badale viziSTatAsUcaka che; mULa lakhANamAM paNa "kaliMgajIna" bahupatisAsina" vAMcyuM hatuM. A pramANe judI zabda lakhAyo che eTale ApaNe paNa te ja bhAvArthamAM (83) jai, sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 37mAM anuvAdake tyAM mUrtio pracalita thaI gaI. (A to temaNe 75 varSanI lakhyuM che ke, I. sa. pU. 458 varSa pahelAM ane vikrama vAta kahI che. jayAre ApaNe te te pUrvenI paNa sAbita saM. 400 varSa pahelAM, uDisAmAM jainadharmane eTalo pracAra karI batAvI che. juo pu. 1 pR. 170 TI. naM. 55). hato ke bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI paMcetera varSamAM ja (84) juo ja. sA. saM. pu. 35. ka73 5ti 14,

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302 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa lekho paDaze. kaliMgajIna" eTale, je mUrtinuM nAma ja tyAM eka maMdira baMdhAvI tenI aMdara mUrti sthApana kaliMgajIna kahevAya che tevI viziSTa arthavALI mUrti karI hatI. AvAM aneka kAraNathI atyAre paNa te ane kaliMgajIna eTale jainonA trevIsamA tIrthaMkara pahADa, pArzvanAtha pahADanA nAmathI ja oLakhAya che. pArzvanAtha kahevAya che ema ApaNe uparamAM jaNAvI vaLI A pArzvanAthane jaina sAhitya graMthamAM gayA chIe; kemake kaliMgamAM Avela sametazikhara "purUSAdAnIya' tarIke lekhAvAya che. tene sAmAnya pahADa upara, chellAmAM chellA je tIrthakara nirvANapada artha te manuSyanA roganuM nidAna jANavAvALA athavA pAmyA che temanuM nAma pAzvanAtha che. te uparathI tenI tene maLato ja bhAvArtha thAya che. ane tevA sAmAnya taLeTImAM, keAI rAjanagara gaNAtA zaheramAM, pArtha- arthamAM te dareka tIrthakarane te vizeSaNa lagADI zakAya che. nAthanI nirvANabhUminA smAraka tarIke, rAjA karakaMDue paraMtu traNe kALamAM-bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSyamAM- (85) "baMgALa, bihAra ane oDisA ke jaina smAraka vyA pramANe mUrtio teDI naMkhAI haze tyAre mULa pratimA tevA nAme eka pustaka che; tenA mR. 138thI hakIkta laIne ane cakSa TA paDI gayA haze mATe tene aMza kahyo che) bhagavAna pArzvanAtha nAmanuM eka pustaka surata mukAmethI eTale uparokta maMdirane lagatI ja hovI joIe. vaLI paTaNa 1985mAM chapAvIne digabara patrakAre potAnA grAhakomAM bheTa ane pATaliputranuM sthAna eka ja che. A badhI hakIkatathI ame tarIke ApyuM che. tenA pR. 11 upara jaNAvAyuM che ke "rAjA evuM anumAna deryuM hatuM ke te neminAtha athavA te rUSabhanAthakhAravela ke hAthIguphAvALA lekhame eka naMdavaMzI rAjA dvArA AdinAthanI mUrtinA aMzo hoya. temAM paNa vizeSa prakAre baSabhadevakI mUrti ke kaliMgase pATaliputrameM le jAnekA AdinAthanI hovAnuM dhAryuM hatuM; kAraNake jainadharmanI Adi ullekha hai." (temaNe traSabhadevanuM nAma zA mATe lakhyuM sAthe temane saMbaMdha vizeSapaNe hAine, tenI mahattA vizeSa tenI dalIla ApI hatI te te upara vicAravAnuM sugama gaNAya. A amArA maMtavyane uparokta digaMbara pustakanI thAta-eTale ke lekhake te mUrti naSabhadevanI mAnI che. hakIkate samarthana maLatAM te mAnyatA baLavattara thavA pAmI jyAre vAstavIka rIte te pArzvanAthanI hovAnuM saMbhavita che). hatI. paraMtu jyArathI janarala kaniMgahAmanA pustakamAM A (TIpaNuM-A mUrti AdizvaranI haze evI prathama kaliMgajInanI mUrtinuM varNana vAMcyuM tathA tene lagatI pleITamAM amArI paNa mAnyatA thaI hatI; kemake, (juo pu.1 pR. 304) tenuM svarUpa joyuM, tyArathI te vicAra DagamagavA mAMDayo hate. magadhapati rAjA udayAje pATaliputra vasAvI pitAne sadaiva temAM vaLI vikrama saMvata sattaranI madhyamAM (I. sa. 1600nI pUjA karavAnI sagavaDatA thAya mATe eka jaina maMdira baMdhAvIne AsapAsa) thayela, jaina kavi samayasuMdaranuM tIrthamALAnuM stavana temAM zrI neminAthanI pratiSThA karAvyAnuM lakhyuM che. (koI ThekANe vAMcyuM (juo nIcenI TI. naM. 86mAM tenI kaDI naM. 9-10 neminAtha ane AdinAtha ema be mUrti padharAvyAnuM vAcyuM no artha lakhe che ke, temAM jaganAtha pArzvanAtha zabda lakhe hoya ema yAda Ave che) A pATaliputrane jyAre zuMgavaMzI che. jyAre A kaliMgajInavALuM tIrtha jagannAthapurInA nAme rAjA agnimitre nAza karyo tyAre A maMuira naSTa thavA oLakhAI rahyuM che. eTale badhI vAtane meLa maLI rahyo; sAthe temAMnI mUrtio paNa bhAMgIne tenA aMze veravikhera ane nakkI thayuM ke te kaliMgajInanI mUrti pArzvanAthanI ja thaI gayA hovA joIe. eTale je be cakSanI mUrtio che, tene jaina sAhityamAM jagannAtha pArzvanAtha kahIne saMba182mAM paTaNA najIkamAMthI maLI AvI che ane hAla dhela che; tema udayAje baMdhAvela te mUrti hovI na ja joIe. kalakattA myujhIemamAM "bhArata gevarI"vALA vibhAge geAThava. pATaliputranA maMdiranI te mUrti na hoya tenuM kAraNa e vAmAM AvI che tathA tenA upara "aja' ane "samrATa che ke, khAlanA samaye tema ja rAjA naMdivardhananA samaye vartinandi' akSaro che tene rAjA udayananA maMdiranI pratimAnA pATaliputra akhaMDa hatuM. temaja pATaliputranI sthApanA ane aMza tarIke lekhavI rahe che. (arI eTalA mATe ke jIna prati naMdivardhane prathamavAra te mUrti meLavavA caDAI karI te be nI palAMThInI nIce hamezA tenI oLakha mATe cakSa- samaya thI 40 varSane te phera hatA. eTale te mUrtine bakSiNInI mUrti kotaravAmAM Ave che, ane uparamAM jaNA ane pATaliputra vacce saMbaMdha ja nahote.]

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tRtIya paricheda anuvAdanI samajUti 303 A pArzvanAthanA nAma sAthe aneka prakAranA camatkAro varNana AgaLa upara lakhavAnuM che. eTale ahIM te saMyukata thayAnuM jaNAvela hevAthI te judA judA mAtra tenA mahAbhyanuM ja darzana karAvyuM che. nAme oLakhAtA rahyA che. tethI temanI mUrti (6) aMga-magadhanuM dhana laI Avyo. ema je vizeSa camatkArika manAtI rahI che. tema eTaluM to khAravele kotarAvyuM che te vAkya ja batAve svabhAvika ja che ke, jema mUrti vizeSa purANI ane samaya sudhI aMgadezanuM mahattva paNa prajAnA magajamAM camatkArika, tema tenA upara tenA bhakatanI bhakti paNa ramI rahyuM hatuM. jyAre aitihAsika najare, bhale kayAMya vizeSa tathA te mATe temanI prANa pAtharavAnI taiyArI evo nirdoSa thayo nathI jaNAte ke aMgadeza kyArathI paNa vizeSa samajavI. A be siddhAMta nakkI karAyA (1) rAjadvArI agatyatA gumAvI beThe hatuM, chatAM kaI te mUrti pArzvanAthanI hatI ane (2) te bahu camatkArika paNa itihAsavida eTalo te svIkAra karaze ja, ke hatI-eTale sahaja samajI zakAze ke, te mUrti ghaNu kALanI mauryavaMzanI hakumata taLe jyAre magadha dezanuM Adhipatya jUnI tathA alaukika hovAthI, tenAM gaurava-pratibhA cAlatuM hatuM tyAre aMgadezanuM nAma to lagabhaga ane mahimA-ati moTA pramANamAM prasiddha thaI bhUMsAI gayuM ja hatuM. tema samrATa-priyadarzinanA cUkavyAM hatAM. AvI pratimAnA rakSaNa mATe koI upADI zilAlekhamAM paNa tene koI ThekANe yAda sarakheAye karyo na jAya te mATe-tenA bhakto potAnA prANa apa nathI. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke mairyavaMza pahelAM devAne paNa vilaMba na kare ane pitAthI bane teTalA athavA moDAmAM moDo samrATa priyadarzinanI pahelAM ja87 prayatna-AkAzapAtALa eka kare ja. jyAM sAmAnya rAjA khAravela thaI gayo che ema phalitArtha nIkaLe che. mANasanI vAta A pramANe hoya tyAM, samrATa khAravela (13) teramI paMkti.... addabhUta ane Azcarya jevAnI sthiti kevI thAya che te varNavavA karatAM (thAya tevI rIte te) hAthIovALAM vahANa bharela. samajI zakAya tevI che. temAM paNa je marti khuda pAMDatha rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate aneka motI, mANeka. khAravelanA ja prapitAmaha gaNAtA Adya purUSa evA ratna haraNa karAvI lAvyo. mahAmedhavAhana rAjAe pratiSThita karI hoya te to (A) addabhUta ane Azcarya-hAthIovALAM vahANa pachI pUchavAnI vAta ja kyAM rahe? vaLI ApaNe bharela; hAthIovALAM vahANa ema jyAre khAsa vizeSaNa jANIe chIe ke mahArAjA karake pote ja pravRtta- vAparyuM che tyAre sAmAnya karatAM temAM kAMIka vizeSa cakra hatuM eTale ke tene kevalyajJAna thayuM hatuM, jethI kahevAne hetu dekhAya che. teno artha ema samajAya che mUrtinI hakIkata athathI iti sudhI tene khyAlamAM ke, hAthIonA kAma mATe upayogamAM levAya tevAM hatI, ane tethI ja tene asAdhAraNa pratApavaMtI vahANo, eTale ke je vahANomAM hAthIone caDAvava mAnate hato. AvA saMjogomAM je mati khuda karake utAravAnI sagavaDatA sacavAya evI rIte bAMdhavAmAM mahArAje pratiSThita karI hoya tenAM gaurava, sAmartha AvyAM hoya tevAM vahANa, ema artha thAya ane bIjI ane mahAtmya keTalAM bahoLA pramANamAM hoya te mAtra rIte ema paNa thAya ke vahANane AkAra ja hAthIkalpanAne ja viSaya kahevAya. A mUrtine lagatuM vizeSa enA svarUpane maLato Ave tevo hoya athavA sAmAnya (89) jevAke -zakhesarA, amIjharA, rAvalA, staMbhana, camatkAre nIpajyA hovAnI AkhyAcikA joDAyelI che. te phAdhi, serisara, ajAvare, aMtarIkSa, pacAsare jagannAtha, viSaya ahIMne na gaNAya eTale ATale ullekha ja mAtra karyo che. (A badhA sAthe pArzvanAtha zabda joDe). joke (87) A hakIktane rAjA khAravelanA samaya nirNayanI uparanAM nAma te te te sthAnamAM sthApita karAyelI pratimA che vIseka dalIle pR. 253 thI 266 sudhI ApI che. tarIke lekhavAnAM che; paraMtu te dareka sAthe amuka prakAranA temAM umerI zakAze.

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304 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa vahANa karatAM evA UMDA temaja anya prakAre racAyelAM paMktimAM AThamA varSe je rAjagRhane teNe tayAnuM tathA hoya che, jene jotAM vetaja navIna vicAraNA kare; game tenA saMvAdo sAMbhaLI pelI vanarAja pAchA haThI gayAnuM tevA arthamAM duryo, paNa temAM vahANanI racanA ane ghATa lakhyuM che te prasaMga paNa hoya; athavA agiyAramI saMbaMdhI hakIkata jaNAvI che eTaluM samajAya che. paMkitamAM agiyAramA varSe je maMDI khedAvI nAkhyAnI adabhUta ane Azcarya--A zabdo paNa vizeSaNarUpe ane deha saMghAtane toDI nAMkhyAnI hakIkata lakhI che vaparAyA hoya, te upara jaNAvI gayA pramANe tenAM te prasaMga paNa hoya; uparamAM nirdiSTa karela sarve prasaMge ghATa ane kada vize ja pAchuM sUcana karAyuM che ema athavA kadAca ekAda ochI vakhate, pAMDayA dezanA rAjA samajAya; paraMtu khAsa zabdo judAja pADIne joDayA upara te caDAI gayo hovo joIe. paraMtu eTaluM che tyAre temAM kAMIka vizeSa dhyAna kheMcavAne Azaya to kharUMja ke, eka karatAM vadhAre vAra gayo hato, dekhAya che. te A rIte AgaLa jatAM mANikamotI nahIM te "A vakhate' zabdo lakhata nahIM ja. ratna zabda te lakhyAM ja che, eTale ke chUTAM chUTAM (14) cadamI paMkti-kumAri parvata upara jyAM vijaya A padArtho te hatAM ja. uparAMta "vahANa bharela cakrasupravRtta che, saMskRti (janma maraNane vaTAvI gayela najarANuM hAthI, ratna, mANikya' evA zabdo paNa kAyaniSIdI (sUpa) upara-rAjabhatio kAyama karI vAparyA che eTale ema kahevAno hetu samajAya che ke dIdhI. pUjAmAM rata upAsaka khAravele jIva ane zarIranI jemAM ratna mANikya jaDelAM che tevA AkAranAM haya, zrInI parIkSA karI lIdhI. hAthI I. AkAranAM prANIo banAvela hatAM ane te (1) kumArIparvata upara jayAM vijyacakra supravRtta bheTa ApavA lAyaka hatAM. vaLI tene jotAM ja tenI che= amArI urpha udayagiri-khaDagiri parvata upara68 kArIgIrI mATe tathA banAvanAranI kauzalyatA mATe dharmavijayacakra pravaryuM hatuM eTale mahAvIra bhagavAne ApaNA manamAM Azcaryaja uddabhava thatuM hatuM. pitaja jainadharmano upadeza dIdho hato. tyAM eTale te (bA) pAMDaya rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate i. I - parvata upara.. pAMDava rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate; evA zabda jyAre (gA) kAyanidhIdI (skUpa) upara-rAjabhUtio vaparAyA che tyAre ema artha thAya che ke, AgaLa kAyama karI dIdhI tyAM janma maraNa vaTAvI gayela paNa eka ke vadhAre vakhata pAMDaya rAjAnA upara hale che tevAnI kAyaniSadhI arthAta jaina stUpa hatA; laI javAyo hato, paraMtu te samaye A vakhata jevI jemAM koI arihaMtanuM hADakuM dATavAmAM AvyuM hatuM bheTa sogAtamAM vaparAya, tevI vastuo kAMI prApta tyAM zAsana bAMdhI ApyAM. eTale stUpa upara je purUSo thaI nahotI. je tevI vastuo maLI hota te " A kAma karanArA hatA, matalaba ke jeo tenA saMrakSake vakhate 'nI sAthe "paNa" zabda joDIne " A vakhate hatA athavA te AgaLa besIne pUjA-bhakti-jApa paNa" ema lakhyuM hota. maMtra japanArA hatA, te sarvene amuka amuka varSAsana prazna e udabhave che ke, prathama vakhate (eTale A pUrve kAyamane mATe karI ApyAM. A stUpa zeno hato ane eka yA vadhAre vakhate) pAMDayA rAjya upara kayAre khAravele temAM zuM mukavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tathA janadharmIe ho ryAnuM samajavuM? sauthI prathama tenI yuvarAja AvA svapa zA mATe ubhA karatA hatA, te traNe prazno avasthAmAM uparamAM jAo; tene rAjyAbhiSeka thayo ahIM keTalAka khulAso mAMge che. (1) A stUpa te pahelAMnI bIjI paMktinuM vivecana (mA) nI hakIkata - zene ? -teno uttara to khAravele pote ja Apela che. ke mAM] te tyAM gayo dekhAya che; bIjI vakhata, AThamI prakSINa saMskRti eTale je jIva janma maraNane vaTAvI (88) jai. sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 372 paMkti 15 (89) juo jai. sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 372 paMkti 17

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 305. gayela che te mATenuM matalaba kahevAnI che, tenA pradAdA dAbaDa, karaMDiye ke tevuM kAma hoya, te mUkavAmAM Ave mahArAja karakaMDa je pratyeka buddha thayA hatA-eTale che. AvA samAdhistUpe aneka sthAne aneka saMkhyAmAM valyagAna pAmavAthI jemanA ATha karmamAMnA mehanI- adyApi paryaMta najare paDe che (3) jainadharmIe AvA karma Adi cAra ghAti karmane nAza thaI gayo hato stUpa zA mATe ubhA karatA hatA? Ane ghaNo kharA ane bAkInuM AyuSya pUrNa thaye. zeSa cAra adhAti uttara, upara naM. 2nA khulAsAmAM AvI gayo che. atre karmane nAza karI je nirvANa padane pAmyA hatA; tethI eTaluM jaNAvavAnuM ke atyAra sudhI sarva vidvAnonI temane have janma maraNanA pherA karavA rahyA nathI, evI mAnyatA che ke, sArA hiMdustAnamAM aneka evA temanA dehane je sthAne agnidAha dIdho hate ThekANe (daSTAMtamAM jAvuM ke-sAMcI, bhArahuta stUpavALA te sthAne eka tRpa caNAvavAmAM Avyo hate. te pradezamAM) je stUpe ubhA karAyA che te sarve ddha stapanI aMdara temanA zarIranAM koIka avazeSo sAcavI dharmanA che; paraMtu pu. 2 mAM samrATa priyadarzananuM vRttAMta rakhAyAM hatAM. A stUpa pAse besIne jApa japavA lakhatAM ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe ke te pote je mANasone nImyA hatA teo tyAM beThA beThA, dharma jainadharmI hato ane teNe temaja tenI pUrvenA rAjAkArya kare tathA navakAra maMtra Adi bhaNyA kare ane oe (kezalapati prasenajIta rAjAe tathA magadhapati stUpanI pUjA kare, artha caDAve, ItyAdI je je karmo rAjA ajAtazatrue-bhArata mUkAme91) athavA te karavA yogya hoya te kare, te mATe te mANasone dharmanA aneka bhaktoe (sAMcI-bhilsA TopsavALA kAyamanA pagAra bAMdhI ApyA hatA. (2) zuM mukavAmAM bhUmi pradezamAM) vipula saMkhyAmAM AvA stUpa AvyuM hatuM ?-mUkhyatve zarIrane agnidAha devAyA pitAnI bhakti darzAvavA jaNAvyA che ane A pachI jo koI hADakuM rahI gayuM hoya- jene atre stUponI racanAmAM je dharmacihno ketarAvAyAM che te sAmAnya bhASAmAM kula kahevAya che,-te athavA dADhAo paNa jainadharmanAM pratIka rUpe ja che. tene vigatavAra ke keza Adi je koI bhAga bhaLI gayA vinAno samajAti sAtheno khulAso ApaNe 5. 2 mAM prathama rahI gayo hoya, te eka vAsaNamAM sAcavI rAkhI, ane dvitIya paricachede tathA sikkAnuM vivaraNa karatAM te upara moTo stupa racavAmAM Ave che ane tenA pratIya parichede ApI gayA chIe eTale atra te pilANamAM-garbhAgAramAM-pelA avazeSavALuM vAsaNa, saMbaMdhI kAMI vizeSa jaNAvavA apekSA rahetI nathI. mAtra (90) jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka pu. 3 pR. 37ra paMkti nAnA stUpe athavA caitya ahIM eka jagyAe che jene 18thI AgaLa je lakhavAmAM AvyuM che te ahIM utAravAmAM devasabhA kahevAmAM Ave che. AvyuM che. (91) prasenajIta pIlara ane ajAtazatru pIlara tarIke, tyAM parvata upara eka kAcaniSIdI arthAta jaina stUpa bhArahatatUpa nAme pustakamAM je varNavAyA che; tenAM citro hatuM, jemAM koI arihaMtanuM asthi dATavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. pu. 1mAM AkRti naM.8 tathA 9 tarIke ApaNe raju karyo che. khAravela yA enA pahelAnA vakhatanI evI aneka guphAo A stupa paNa prakSINa saMskRtirUpa smAraka hatuM kemake ane maMdira A parvata upara che ke jenA upara pArzvanAthanAM te sthAne zrI mahAvIrane kaivalyajJAnanI prApta thaI hatI cinho temaja pAdukAo che ane je kerI kADhelAM che kaivalyajJAna upaje eTale niyama ja che ke te jIve anya sarva temaja brAhmIlipimAM lekhavALAM che. temAM jaina sAdhuo dhAtikarmo khapAvI nAMkhyA che; mAtra je AyuSya bhegavavuM rahetA hatA e vAtano ullekha che. A uparathI e spaSTa bAkI hoya che, te sAthe anya traNa aghAtikarmano paNa aMta che ke, A sthAna eka jainatIrtha temaja ghaNuM jUnuM che. samaye nAza thavAthI pite nirvANane pAme che ja; evo sarvadA marAThAonA rAjayakALa daramyAna paNa jainoe ahIM eka navuM niyama hoya che. ane nirvANa pAmyA eTale tene A maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. yAtrIoe banAvarAvelAM aneka nAnA saMsAramAM pharI pharIne janmamaraNanA pherA karavA rahetA nathI 39

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hAthINuMphAnA lekhanA 306 je kahevAnuM rahe che te eTaluM ja ke vAcakane have khAtrI thaze ke amArA te kathanane rAjA khAravelanA hAthINuMkAnA lekhathI saMpUrNa samarthana paNa maLI rahyuM che. tema AvA rUpA ubhA karavAnI prathA jainamatAnuyAyIomAM hatI te hakIkata paNa have siddha thaI jAya che. (6) pUjAmAM rata upAsaka khAravele jIva ane zarIranI zrInI parIkSA karI lIdhI. eTale ke rAjA khAravela je jainadharmamAM saMpUrNapaNe Asakti dharAvatA hatA teNe upAsakadazA 2 sAdhI hatI; eTale zrAvaka tarIke je kAryAM dharmazAstranI AjJA pramANe nitya niyama tarIke karavAM joIe ka te sarve pAte havethI AcaratA thayA hatA. ane Ama karavAthI tene peAtAnA AtmAnuM jJAna thayuM hatuM. temaja yuvarAjAvasthAmAM zAstranAM paThana pAThana Adi kayA haiAvAne lIdhe pudgala tathA AtmAnA bhedanI jhINAmAM jhINI rIte samajaNu tene maLI gaI hatI. vaLI peAtAnA AtmakalyANa mATe dharmakriyA (92) jIe samrATa priyadarzinanA sahasrAmane khaDaka lekha (93) eka kAryoM e paNa gaNAya che ke teNe eka divasamAM traNa vakhate jInamUrtinI pUjA karavI oie. A pramANe rAjA zreNikane paNa niyama hatA (nue tenuM vRttAMta) tema rAjA ucAve paNa A kAryane mATe ja pATaliputra nagare navuM devAlaya baMdhAvI temAM jInadevanI mUrti padharAvI hatI. (pu. 1 pR. 300 tuo). (94) zata dizAnA jJAnI=sava dizAnA jJAnI athavA daza dizAnA jJAnI A prakAranuM lakhANa DhAvuM joie. A vAkaya sAthe nIcenI TIkA naM. 95, 96nuM lakhANa jo vAMcavAmAM Avaro te| turata samajAze ke, je purUSone kevaLajJAnanI prApti thai che athavA jemane kevaLI kahevAya che. te mATe A vizeSaNA vaparAyela che. kaivalyajJAna tene kahevAya che ke, jethI traNe DhALamAM sarvAM padArthonAM-jaDa ane cetanavaMtAnAM sarvAM svarUpa te jJAnanA khaLa vaDe jANI zakAya. alabata jyAre jyAre te jJAnane upayAga kare. tyAre tyAre karAmalakavadvizvam-jevI sa sthiti tene pratyakSa-sAkSAta najaronajara khaDI thai jAya. A pramANe a` niSpanna karavAmAM uparanA vAkayane| je-vAMcana ukelane pheraphAra ame sUcanyA che te vizeSa [ dazama khaMDa karavAmAM tathA dharmanI vRddhi mATe ane khIjAone dharmakAryamAM joDAvAnuM anukULa paDe te mATe, aneka prakAranAM dharmAlaya baMdhAvavAnuM teNe AdaryuM hatuM. temAMnA eka tarIke potAnA pUrvaja-mahAmedhavAhana karavu mahArAjatA, jema eka samAdhi stUpa racAvyA hatA tema khIjA tIrthaMkarA ane kevaLIe paNa A sametazikhara upara mekSipada pAmyA heAvAthI, tevA pratyekanA sthAna upara paNa stUpA ubhA karAvI dIdhA hatA je hakIkata havenI paktimAM teNe jaNAvI che. (15) sukRti zramaNa suvihita zata dizAonA jJAnI94, tapasvI, RSi leAkeAnA arihaMtanI niSIdI pAse . . . siMhaprasthavALI rANI siMdhulAne mATe niHzraya. () zramaNa suvihita; jema uparanI paMktimAM mahAmedhavAhana rAjAnI kAya niSIdI upara stUpa karAvyA tema aneka zramaNA suvihita RSi munie tathA tapasvI ane saMyamIo je pazu janmamaraNanA kheDA pAra UtarI gayA hatApa tenA-temaja 'dhabesatA thAya tema lAge che. (95) atre vaparAcalA rAkhkho jaina sAMpradAyika hoine, jyAMsudhI tenA bhAvA samAya nahIM tyAMsudhI A paMktimAM vaparAyalA jainarAjAnA aMtarane nAda zuM kahevA mAMge che tene khyAla jainetarAne na ja AvI zake tethI keTaleka khulAseA karavAnI atra jarUrIAta ubhI thAya che. jaina sapradAyamAM, kevaLI, ariha Mta, siddha ane tIrthaMkara evA cAra zabdo che; sa`pradAyanI mAnyatA evI che ke, kaivalyajJAna jene utpanna thAya te niyama tarIke haMmezAM mekSe jAya ja; eTale te jIvane pharIne janmamaraNa dharavAne phreza karavA paDatA nathI. uparanA cAre prakAranA jIvane, kaivalyajJAna prApta thayeluM heAya che ja; eTale mukti pAmavAnI gaNatrIthI tA cArenI sthiti ekaja kakSAmAM che. paraMtu eka khInne niyama e che ke, kevaLajJAna pAmyA pachI te jIvane peAtAnuM AyuSya sapUrNa thAya tyAM sudhI peAtAnA AtmAnA ciMtavana karavA sivAya bIju kAi kAma ja A sa'sAramAM rahIne karavAnuM rahetuM nathI. jyAre tIrthaMkarane mAthe eka pharaja ubhI rahelI gaNAya che ke teoe janakalyAnA hitArthe dharmopadeza ApavA ja joie. bAkInA traNa prakAranA chavA koine tevA dharmapadeza karatA nathI, koI prazna

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tRtIya pariccheda ] arihaMta 6 nI niSIdI pAse eTale je ThekANe arihaMta kahetAM tIrthaMkaranAlDa deDhAgnisaMskAra karavAmAM Avela hatAM tevAM sthAna upara paNa stUpA racAvI dIdhA. A pramANe bhinnatA darzAvavA temane judAM varNavI khatAvyA che. matalaba ke je je sthAneA tene pavitrAtmAnAM smaraNa tarIke jALavI rAkhavAM yeAgya lAgyAM te sarva ThekANe leAkakalyANane mATe 9 teNe stUpa Adi smArakA karAvI dIdhAM hatAM. uparAMta,--khAsa peAtAnI rANIne ( kahetAM rAjakuTuMbanI nArIvargane ) sarva prajAthI alaga rahIne dharmakArya karavAnI anukULatA sAcavI zakAya mATe, judA ja100 prabaMdha karAvyA hatA. te mATe rAjane zAle tevuM mahAmulyavAna smAraka karyuM lAge che. je zabdo seALamI paMktimAM lakhAyalA vaMcAya che tenI, ane paMdaramI liTinA chellA zabdo vacce, eka meTA gALA paDela che. eTale temAM zuM lakhANa haze te nizcita thatuM nathI paraMtu kalpanAnA baLe ema gAThavI zakAze ke, te mahAmuyavaMtu heAvuM joI e ja. vaLI vaiDuryaratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAe sthApana karyAM, paMceAtera anuvAdanI samajUti kare teA uttara Ape; praznakAranA mananuM samAdhAna kare te vastu judI che. bAkI svaca' UThIne te khInnane upadeza ApatA ja nathI. A hisAbe, tIrthaMkaramAM ane anya traNa vargamAM pheraphAra che. uparAMta arihaMta rAkhyuMnA atraNa prakAranA thAya che: (1) ari+hata=peAtAnA zatrune (bAhya tema ja aMtaranA, khAdha eTale hathiyAra dharIne sAmA thAya te ane aMtaranA eTale kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, leAbha, kaSAyAdi je, pudagalarUpI lUTArAe AtmAne peAtAnA kharA svarUpamAMthI calita karavA mathI rahyA che te (jIe pu. 3 pR. 24'' varNana tathA TIkAo) jeNe haNI nAMkhyA che te. (ra) a Mt-a jene ApavA cAgya, jenI pUnna karavA cAgya che te. (3) aha ta==nahIM, ane rUhata (rUha==gavuM) ugavApaNuM eTale phrI pharIne janmamaraNa dhAraNa karavAM teH matalaba ke jene pharIne janmamaraNane Azraya levAne nathI te. A traNe arthAMmAM, uparanA cAre prakAranA jIvAne mUkI zakAya che; paraMtu sAmAnya ane pracalitapaNe ariha Mta eTale tIrthaMkara, evA ekaja bhAvAmAM atyAre te vaparAtA thaI gayA che. ahIM uparanA cAre prakAranA jIvone sAmAnya rIte 307 lAkhanA kharcathI-evA je zabdA lakhAyA che tene je rANI siMdhulA mATenI ceAjanAnI sAthe joDIe tA paNa joDAya tema che. kadAca eka taddana judI ja pravRtti AdarI hoya ane temATe teNe te kharca karyuM hAya tema kahevAnI paNa matalaba dekhAya che. te pravRtti ema kahI zakAya ke, jema teNe arihaMta-tIrthaMkarAdinA zarIra jyAM paDayAM hatAM tyAMnI bhUmine pavitra mAnI te upara smArakA ubhAM karAvyAM hatAM tema te tIrthaMkarAdinA vacanene, amRtamaya vANIne--zrutajJAnane, kAyama jhIlI rAkhavA mATe saMgrahita karavA mATe-ekAda sthAnanI sthApanA paNa karI hatI. vaLI te sthAna ubhuM karavAmAM je kharca thayuM hatuM tenI tathA te vastunAM gaurava ane mahattA kevI gaNavAmAM AvatI hatI tenI, vizeSa mAhitI rAjA khAravele pAte ja have pachInI paMktimAM krAtarI batAvI che. (1) siMhaprasthavALI rANI siMdhulA-A uparathI rANInA nAmanI tathA tenA piyaranI oLakha apAI che. jema iMdraprastha-IMdrapurI dilhIne mATe vaparAya che varNavIne A zabdo vAparyA che. (96) yAre ahIM ariha Mta zabda, sAmAnya arthamAM na vAparatAM tenA vizeSA mAM eTale tIrthaMkaranA bhAvAmAM vaparAyA che. (97) uparanI TIkA naM. 95 tathA 96 sarakhAve. (98) samrATa priyadarzine AvAM kyAM sthAna smAraka tarIke gaNyAM hatAM te mATe tenAM vRttAMte jue. (9) AvAM smArakA ubhAM karavAmAM mULamaze. eka ja hetu rakhAyA haiAya che ke, te smArakane nihALIne je AtmAnI cAdImAM te hajI' karAyuM heAya tenuM jIvana yAda karAya tathA te chave kayA mArga grahaNa karyAM hatA ke jethI te muktine pAmyA; te vAraMvAra saMbhArIne, ApaNe ApaNA jIvanamAM AcaraNamAM utArI te sthiti meLavavAnI abhilASA sevAya. (100) AtmAnI sAdhanA karavA mATe kharI rIte te Ave judo prabaMdha karavAnI jarUra ja rahetI nathI paraMtu, peAtAnI sagavaDatA sAcavavA, jema pratyeka mANasane haka che te pramANe rAnna khAravele baMdobasta karyA dekhAya che, jethI prajAnI paNa sagavaDa sacavAya tema pAtAnA rAjakuTuMbanI paNa sacavAya,

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' 308 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa tema AmAM siMhaprastha eTale siMhapura kahevAno artha have to siddha thaI cUkyuM che ke rAjA khAravelano paNa samajAya che ane ApaNe jANIe chIe ke samaya te maryakALanI pUrvene che eTale je samaya siMhapuranagara (liMganA amuka bhAganuM rAjadhAnI) haju bhaviSyamAM AvavAnuM che te samaye banavAvALI jevuM moTuM zahera te samaye hatuM (juo prathama paricchede) hakIkatane "uccheda pAmela' tarIke raju na karI zakAya; tAtparya ke te nagaranI kadAca te rAjakuMvarI heya. tema je vastu uccheda pAmI gayela ja hoya tene vaLI (16) --vaiduryaratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo saMrakSaNa karavAnuM prayojana ja kayAM rahe che? haju nAzanI sthApana karyA paMcotera lAkhanA kharcathI. mairyakALamAM aNI upara je hoya tene sAcavI rAkhavAno Aza ucacheda pAmela esaddhi (cosaTha adhyAyavALA) aMga- hoya tenI sArthakatA to samajI zakAya te mATe uccheda saptino cotho bhAga karIthI taiyAra karAvyo-bhikSarAje pAmaze. athavA ucheda pAmavAnI che ke te ja artha dharmarAje kalyANo dekhatAM, sAMbhaLatAM ane anubhava karatAM. sUcavatA akSare tarAvavAnuM vyAjabI kahevAya. eTale vaiDuyaeNratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo sthApana samajAya che ke vozii nAza thayeluM (destroyed) karyA. potera lAkhanA kharcathI-A zabdothI pote zabdane, bhUtakALa ke bhUtakRdaMta (Past tense ke Past zrutajJAnanI-pustakanI sAcavaNIne keTalI amulya participle) tarIke vaparAyala na gaNatAM, vartamAna lekhate hato te sUcave che; ke jethI te garbhAgArane kRdaMtamAM Present Participle vaparAyela tarIke teNe vaiduryaratnothI zobhita banAvyuM hatuM tathA tenI lekhavo, jeno artha IgrejImAM being destroyedracanAmAM paMcotera lAkha 01 jeTaluM anargaLa dravya nAza pAmatuM athavA te on the verge of being khaca kADhayuM hatuM. destroyed=lagabhaga nAza pAmavAnI aNI upara (gA) mauryakALamAM uccheda pAmela cosaddhi (saTha AvI pahoMcyuM hatuM tevuM gaNavuM. have "maryakALamAM evA adhyAyavALA) aMga samikane cotho bhAga pharIthI zabdo je vAparyA che teno vicAra karIe. mULa pAThamAM taiyAra karAvyo-A vAkyamAMnA ghaNA zabdo kTaka muriya zabda che ane tenI pahelAM jarA jagyA khAlI rIte tathA arasaparasanA saMbaMdha paratve vicAraNA hovAnuM jaNAya che. te khAlI jagyAmAM (1) kayo zabda mAMge che. prathama ApaNe "mAryakALamAM ucheda pAmela' have joI e, athavA te (2) tyAMthI eka paNa akSara vAya laIe. temAM be bhAga che; mauryakALamAM ane guma thayA nathI; A bemAMthI eke sthitino vicAra uccheda pAmela. AmAM uccheda pAmela je artha karAyo na karIe paraMtuM te zabdane atyAre jema ukela karAI che tenA mULa pAThamAM vochina akSaro che. tathA rAjA rahyo che te ja pramANeno artha "maryakALe' ApaNe khAravelane bahaspatimitrano eTale puSyamitrane svIkArI laIe te paNa prazna e rahe che ke, narca samakAlina TharAvavAthI mairyavaMzanI samApti thayA zabda vyAjabI che ke mukiya ? athavA bIjI rIte tene bAdanA samaye tenI hayAtI TharAvavAmAM AvI che. vAcana hoI zake che ke kema ? tene mATe be traNa A pramANe mAnI levAthI kohinUne artha 'uccheda jAtanA vikalpa sUcavAya tema che. (1) mariyatra pAmela" karI levAya te samajI zakAya tevuM che. paraMtu vogii hAya=ghaNuM kALa pUrvathI je zratajJAnano (101) A artha kadAca pheravo paDe tema che. juo kevalyajJAnane abhAva paNa Ave che. eTale ke ma. saM. 64 AgaLanA pR. 310 mAM arthavibhAga mATenI carcAnuM lakhANa pachI keIne paNa kaivalyajJAnanI prApti thaze nahIM. khAravele A zabdanI tathA tene lagatI TIkAo. A lekha kotarAyela che te potAnA rAjaye 13 vaSe eTale (12) jainazAstromAM lakhAyela che ke, zrI jaMbusvAmInA 98+13=11mAM kotarAvela che. jethI uparanA banAvane 47 nirvANa pachI (jene samaya ma. sa. 14=I. sa. 5. 463 varSa thayAM kahevAya. joke kaivalyajJAnane abhAva sUcavyo che nedhAya che) amuka amuka vastune virada thaze. temAM paNa te mATe je vidyAzAna-cauda pUrvanuM jANapaNuM hovuM

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- ' ' . . . . . . ? : tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 309 nAza tha cAlu thaI gayo che tevuM (2) bIjo vikalpa vAyelI cAlI ja Ave che. eTale koInI ajANamAM yurica kA sUcavI zakAya tema che. tene artha te rahI gaI hatI tevuM te banavA yogya ja nathI. temaja dakALano samaya evo thaI zake che. eTale ke jJAnane dukALanA samaye pUrata kherAka na maLe eTale zarIradhAraNa karavA yogya je samaraNa zakti hoya che te manuSya zakti ane sAthesAthe zrutajJAnane haiyAmAM-hRdayamAM mAMthI duSkALanA samayane lIdhe, dhImedhIme kamI thavA rAkhI mUkavAnI-smaraNa paTamAM dhArI rAkhavAnI zakti mAMDI hatI. eTale ke te zaktino amuka pramANamAM paNa divAsAnudivasa kSati 03 pAmatI jAya ane nAza thavA mAMDyo hato. vaLI AgaLa jatAM kALa pariNAme jJAnanA amuka bhAga lupta thatuM jAya tema vyatita thatAM tenI zaktine taddana abhAva thaI jAya jethI keTalAya lupta paNa thaI gayo hoya; te sthiti samajI zruta jJAnanI prApti ja duza thaI jAya mATe agA- zakAya tevI che. tethI ja tene punarUddhAra karavAnuM rAjA uthI tenuM saMrakSaNa karavAnuM teNe munAsIba dhAryuM hatuM khAravele yogya dhAryuM che. (3) trIjo vikalpa (data) ane khuda hAthIguphAnA lekhathI ApaNe jANI cUkyA riya vAno saMbhave; paraMtu te bahu svIkArya thaI paDe chIe ke, te samaye -naMdarAjAnA samayathI khAravelanAM tema nathI kemake , zabda kyArano chetarI ja batAvAyo samaya sudhInA 45 varSanA gALAmAM paNa (juo pR. 288 che; je ekale "riyAjha'104 hota to A sUcanA chaThThI paMktinA nA ukelanuM varNana) be duSkALa to yogya thaI paData ane teno artha "anya koI kALe" tevA noMdhAI cUkayA che ja, uparAMta aNunAMkhyA rahI gayA AzayavALA levAta. (4) cotho vikalpa puvica=eTale hoya te vaLI judAM ja (juo phuTa noTa naM. 56nI pUrvane lagatuM; jainazAstro-sUtra-siddhAMtanA graMthane pUrva hakIkata) tema vaLI bhadrabAhusvAmInA eTale ke zabdathI ullekhAya che. jethI atre "puviya" kahetAM caMdragupta mauryanA-samaye (ma. saM. 156thI 170=I. sa. pUrvanuM jJAna je Agama graMthamAM samAyeluM che tene pU. 371thI 357 sudhInA 14 varSanA gALAmAM) be nAza thaI jato aTakAvavA mATe, teNe A prakAranuM moTA duSkALa magadha dezamAM paDayA che. (juo ! ramAM pagaluM bharyuM hoya. tenuM vRttAMta) vaLI jaina zAstromAM jaNAvAyuM che ke A mauryakALa muriyA zabda upara eka anya bhadrabAha svAmInA kALa pachI zratajJAnanI kSati dhIme lekhake105 sUdhAro sUcavatAM. pitAnA vicAra jaNAvyA dhIme vadhatI jaze. ane A prakAranI bhaviSyavANI- che te dhyAnamAM levA yogya hoIne atra utArIzuM AgAhI-TheTha zrI mahAvIra bhagavAnanA samayathI jaNa tathA te upara amArA vicAra paNa jaNAvIzuM. temanI - joIe, te te TheTha ma. saM. 170 sudhI eTale maurya caMdra- avasarpiNIkALamAM dareka vastunI avanati ja thAya che. te gumanA gurUmahArAja zrI bhadrabAhusvAmInA samaya sudhI niyamAnusAra, varSArUtunuM kamI thavuM, aniyamita thavuM ane jaLavAI rahyuM che tethI temane aMtima zrata kevaLI kahevAya che. kALe karIne abhAva paNa thAya; duSkALa paDe; zarIrane kherAkI (pu. 2 pR. 151 TI. naM. 70). tathA piSaNata echAM maLavAthI, manuSyanAM deha, AyuSya, matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, A samaye joke zrutajJAnane zarIraracanA, smaraNazakti tema ja manuSyane varelI kudaratI amuka gaNatrIe abhAva thavA mAMDayo hato ja, chatAM 47 anya bakSisamAM kevI rIte uNapa AvatI jAya che tenuM varNana varSa te evaDe meTe kALa nathI, ke jene "bhUriya'pada lagADI uparane ThekANe samajAvyuM che te sarakhA. eTale rAjA khArazakAya. paraMtu eka zakayatA tarIke atre tene vicAra vele, je pagaluM zrutasaMrakSaNa mATe bharyuM che temAM tenuM to kare ja joIe, te kAraNathI mAtra ame tenI DahApaNa tathA dharmaprema jaNAI AvyA vinA raheze nahIM. saMbhavitatA sUcavI che. (108) juo nIcenI TIka naM. 106 (103) uparamAM juo TI. naM. 56 tathA pu. 1 prathama (105) ja, bI. e. pI. se. pu. 4, 1918 5. 395pariveda; I. sa. pU. 523 bAda avasarpiNukALa beThe che, mane tAMta uparane sudhAri naM 13, 5, 235,

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310 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa darakhAsta e che ke, mULa pAThamAM je vAra tariyAsata sATha varSe 98+1+2 =ma. sa. 171 varSe marya phari kuriya! voziMne che ane jene artha vidvA- rAjyakALe aMgane athavA jenazAstramAM jene pUrva noe gha4 zara sadA maicidAtra vyani= kahevAya che107 te AgamagraMthane je ThAsa thavAno "tera lAkhanA (kharcathI) mAryakALe nAza pAmyuM che che tenA punarUddhAranI vAta temaNe karI che. vAta tevuM" e besAryo che tene badale vanaMtariya zakita te yathArtha paNa che. kemake ma. sa. 170 mAM mahAna pAnA (8) riyAla06=In the one hundred jainAcArya zrIbhadrabAhasvAmI je aMtima zrataand sixty fifth year of the time of kevaLI kahevAya che temanuM maraNa thayuM che tathA caMdragupta the Mauryan kings=maurya rAjAnA samaye 165 samrATa dIkSA laine temanI sAthe dakSiNa hiMdamAM varSe; A pramANe tenI sUcanA thaI che. eTale ke mahIsura rAjya zravaNabelagolanA sthAna pAsenA 165muM varSa temaNe mArya saMvatanuM gayuM che ane te parvata upara dhyAna dharatA rahyA hatA te hakIkata samaye rAjA khAravele upara pramANe pustaka ddhAranuM kArya suprasiddha che ( juo pu. 2 mAM pR. 150-1 nI karI batAvyuM che. paNa have jyAre rAjA khAravelane hakIkata) A samaye zrI bhadrabAhunA paTTadhara yUlisamayaja mairya vaMzanI utpatti thayA pahelAM manAya che bhadrajIe108 pustakoddhAra karyo hato ( juo . temaja maiye saMvata jevI koI vastuja mULe banI kebIkRta kalpasUtranI AvRtti. prastAvanA pR. 11) nathI e puravAra thaI gayuM che eTale tenI carcAmAM He (Bhadrabahu) being the last, who utaravApaNuM rahetuM nathI. paraMtu mULa pAThatuM vAMcana ja knew all the Parvas=bhadrabAhu chellA hatA temaNe anyathA prakAre sUcavyuM che tene artha jarUra ke jemane pUrvonuM jJAna hatuM ) kahevAne tAtparya e ApaNe vicAra rahe che. amArI sUcanA te mATe che ke, ma. sa. 170 pachI, zrutajJAnanI kSati jabaraema che ke, qnavarine badale sAnaMghi=tyAra pachI dasta pramANamAM thaI hatI ane thavAnI hatI tenuM AvA zabda vAMcavA; eTale ke, vaiduryaratnavALA cAra bhaviSya te zrI mahAvIre bhAkhyuM ja hatuM; tema uttarottara thAMbhalAo sthApana karyA tyAra pachI mauryakALamAM temanI pAse AvatA sarve AcAryo jaNAvatA paNa uccheda pAmatAM, ItyAdi ItyAdinuM varNana joDI devuM. rahyA hatA; eTale khAravela jevA custa jainadhamIMthI A pramANe karavAthI zuM artha thAya che te samajI laIe. te vAta aMdhArAmAM rahI jAya te te banavA joga hatuM ja ke divasa sa satano artha so karyo che tene badale nahi. paraMtu bhavitavyatA tarIke je vastu banavAnI ja sATha varasa jAte chate. eTale ke rAjA khAravele A che tene aTakAvI zakAya tema nathI; mATe vairyadhArI lekhanI binA katarAvyAbAda sATha varSe matalaba ke rAkhavuM ane wait & seenA niyama pramANe vastuma. sa 98 mAM tene rAjyAbhiSeka che, te bAda terame sthiti banyA kare te joyA karavuM, eja upAya rahe varSe A hakIkata banyAnuM dhAryuM che ane te pachI che. eTale aMhI vojhinano artha nAza pAmeluM ema (16) uparamAM trIjo vikalpa haa) vira dA e gayA hatA, te prasaMga prathama banyA che. te samaye bhadrabAnI prakAre je ame sUcavyo che te atre sarakhAvo (uparanI TI. hayAtI hatI. te pachI caMdraguptane dIkSA devAI che, pote naM. 104). caMdraguptamuni tathA anya pramANe dakSiNamAM gayA che. (107) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 102nuM vivecana tathA tyAM temanuM svargagamana thayuM che. te bAda A pustakoddhAra pR. 309 upara cothA vikalpanuM varNana. zrI sthUlabhadrajInA netRtvapaNAmAM thayuM che. (08) jaina za mAM je evI hakIkata che ke zrI A sthUlabhadrajI te mahAnaMda ure navamAnaMdanA mukhya bhadrabAhu jayAre nepALamAM hatA tyAre pATaliputranA zrI saMdhanI pradhAna zakaDALanA moTA putra thAya. temanA samaya mATe jue AjJAthI sthUlabhadrajI zrI bhadrabAhu pAse zAstra zIkhavA pu. 1, pR. 329, TI, na, 32 tA . 366,

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anuvAdanI samajUti tRtIya pacchika ] nahIM, paNa nAza pAmavAnI sthitimAM je kayAranuM dAkhala thaI cUkayuM hatuM tevuM, evA artha karavA; kemake jo nAza thaIja cUkayA heAya teA pachI tene saMrakSIta rAkhavAnA hetuja rahetA nathI. (6) cArsArlR ( ceAsaTha adhyAyavALA ) aMga siMkSakanA ceAtheA bhAga karIthI taiyAra karAvyA--mULapATha joTi--1-satiyaM turIya che; anuvAdake tenI saMskRta chAyA catu: paTTiA, saptiH turIya evA vAkayathI karI che. tenA artha upara pramANe thai zake che. 109 A vAkayanA be vibhAga thAyache. eka, cATTa adhyAyane ane khIjo aMga sikane; temAMnA prathamanI 10 bAbatamAM DaoN. phlITa nAmanA vidvAnanuM mAnavuM e thAya che ke And he produces, causes to comeforth (i. e. revises) the sixty-fourth chapter (or other division) of the collection of seven Anga=sAta aMgA (jainAgamanA amuka zAstrone A nAmathI eLakhAvAya che)nA samuhamAMnuM 64 muM prakaraNa ( athavA DhAI vibhAga ) te bahAra pADe che--pragaTa kare che; eTale ke amuka Agama graMthanA 64 mA adhyAya-saga je che te ekalA ja bhAga pragaTa kare che. tyAre paM. jAyasvAlajI evA mata jAhera kare che ka111 The four fold (for the fourth) AngaSaptika of 64 sections, lost in the time of the Maurya (king) he restores= 64 adhyAyanuM aMga ptika ke jenA cAra prakAramAMnuM eka (?) (ceAthu) maurya rAjAnA samaye naSTa thayuM hatuM te karIne lakhAve che. eTale ke aMga saptaka nAme graMthamAM 64 adhyAya che. te cAra vibhAgamAM gAThavAyela che; te cAra vibhAgamAMnA ceAthe! teNe karIne pragaTa karyAM che. tyAre DA. kAnAu nAmanA vidvAna vaLI trIjA ja prakAre mAnatA jaNAya che. temaneA mata ema che ku112 (109) A viSayane lagatI gheADIka carcA AgaLa upara 'duSkALanA prasa'ga ane pustakASThAranA sakhadha'vALA pArAmAM karI che. temaja uparanI TIkA naM. 56 mAM jue. (110) brue ja. ra. e. se. 1910 pR. 827, 31 He restores the sixty-four section. Anga, that had become obsolete at the time of the Mauryan king, included in a Saptika=maurya rAjAnA samaye, 64 adhyAya vALuM aMga (nAmanuM jainazAstra) je naSTa thayuM hatuM ane jene psikamAM samAveza thatA hatA tenA punarUddhAra kare che. eTale prathamanA vidvAna 64 mA adhyAya ekalAnI ja mAtra vAta kare che, khInna vidvAna 64 adhyAyanA cAra bhAga pADIne temAMnA DhellA bhAganI ja vAta kare che. tyAre trIjA vidvAna 64 adhyAyavALA AkhA pustakanI vAta kare che. A pramANe traNenA mata bhinna bhinna paDe che. eTale kAI prakAranA chevaTa upara AvavuM muzkela bane che. paraMtu chellA vidvAna DA. kAnAue peAtAnA matanI carcA karatAM eka varimAMM zabdanI sUcanA karI che. tene artha The first part of Drishtivad=dRSTivAda (jainadharmanA zAstranuM nAma che) ne prathama bhAga ema karavA rahe; ane te pramANe aMga saptikanI sAthe joDatAM, dRSTivAdane aMge The Anga consisting of sixty sections=je aMgasUtramAM 60 sarga-adhyAya -prakaraNA che tevA artha besAravA joI e. A sUcanA upADI laIne mi. rAmaprasAda caMdA, tene artha ema sUcave che ke, that only sixty-four were included in the recension restored by Kharvel=khAravele je AvRtti karIne sthApana karI temAM 64 nA ja samAveza thatA hatA. A pramANe suSTinA bhAvArthanI bhAMjagaDa samajavI. tevI ja pAchI sannivALA khIjA vibhAganI paNa che. DaoN. kAnAunA mata pramANe satiSTha zabdanA, prAkRtamAM savvIya ane saMskRtamAM kSatti jevA thAya che eTale te maMgalanniSTha vALA AkhA zabdanA artha a treatise com (111) brue iM. hi. vA. pu. 5, 1929 pR. 589. (112) jIe ekaTA erIenTelIA pu. 1. pR. 19 tathA iM. hiM. vA. pu. 5. 1929, pR. 589,

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kAra hAthIguphAnA lekhanA prising of seven chapters= gra'thamAM sAta paricchede117 AvelA che ema karavA paDe che. bhale A artha vAstavika hAvAnuM Thare, chatAM eka khIjo artha paNa vicAra karavAnuM mAgI lye che. je kSatine atha pti karyA che tene badale saTijJa eTale TIkA sahita ema artha kAM na karavA ? tema karatAM AkhAye vAkayane artha ema thaze ke, ceAsaDa adhyAyavALA aMgazAstronI athavA dRSTivAda aMga je luptaprAya thatuM jatuM hatuM tenI saTika AvRtti rAnna khAravele taiyAra karAvI. A sucana kAMIka vyAjakhI paNa Dare tema che, kemake zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI je samrATa caMdraguptanA gurU thatA hatA ane jemane zAsanakALa ma. saM. 156 thI 170= i. sa. pU. 371 thI 357nA gaNAya che, temaNe paNa amuka zAsrone vinAzamAMthI bacAvavA, cAra prakAranI TIkA (cANa, avara, vRtti ane niryukti) racI che; te prakAre rAjA khAravele paNa, svayaMsphuraNAthI hAya ke pachI te vakhatanA prakhara-prabhAvazALI kAIjainA-upara cAryanI preraNAthI hAya, paraMtu temaNe te luptaprAya thavAnA ke thatA, zAstranA te bhAgane, sAcavI rAkhavA prayatna sevyeA hAya ema dekhAya che. eTale 5. jAyasvAlajIe four-fold=cAra prakAre evA je artha besAryA che te amArI uparanI sUcanAne samarthana Ape che. vaLI tarjanI pAchaLa turIya zabda joDela che; tenA artha 'ceAtheA' karAya che te vicAratAM, uparamAM je cAra prakAranI TIkAonAM nAmeA ApyAM che temAMthI chellA niryuktinA nAme je eLakhAya che, teja temaNe khAsa racAvI heAya ema samajAya che. eTale AkhIe paMktinA sAra e thaze ke, je dRSTivAda pUrva, duSkALanA samayane aMge (tenI asaranA pratApe) vistRta thatuM jatuM hatuM tenI cAra TIkAmAMnI chellI niyukitanuM saMrakSaNa rAjA khAravele karyuM--pharIthI taiyAra karAvI nAMkhI. (3) bhikSurAje dharmarAje kalyANA dekhatAM, [ dazama khaMDa sAMbhaLatAM ane anubhava karatAM--AmAM mULa pAThe khemarAjA sa vaDharAjA sa bhikhurAjA dhamarAjA---- evA zabdo che. matalaba ke, jema khemarAja (kSemarAja) ane vaDharAna (vRddhirAja)ne chUTA gaNavA mATe vacce sa zabda mUkayA che tema bhikhurAjA (bhikhkhuMrAja- khAravela) ane dhamarAjA (dharmarAja) te banne nAmeA chUTaka vyaktionAM heta tA te sUcavavA sa zabda mUkAyA haiAta paNa tema karAyuM nathI jethI spaSTa thAya che ke, te banne eka ja vyaktinAM nAma che. ane jyAre rAjA khAravele dharmajyaMAtanAM aneka kSetramAM pratIka samAM dharmakAryo karI batAvyAM che tyAre tenuM nAma dharmarAja paNa kharAbara baMdhabesatuM lAge che ema jarUra kahI zakAze. A uparathI siddha thayuM ke rAjA khAravelane, bhi'rAja ane dharmarAjanAM nAmeAthI paNa oLakhAvAtA hatA--kalyANA dekhatAM, sAMbhaLatAM, ane anubhavatAM kahevAnA artha e che, ke zilAlekhamAM pramANe je nirdiSTa karAyalAM athavA teNe karI batAvelAM dharmakAryo che te sarva leAkanAM kalyANa mATenAM ja che, evuM teNe dekhatAM-najare joyuM che, sAMbhaLatAM- parApUrvathI tevuM sAMbhaLatA AvyA che tathA anubhavatAM- tene svAnubhavamAM nRtya paNa lAgyuM che. AmAM kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, teNe je dharmakAryo karyAM che, te mAtra dekhAdekhIthI ke kAInA kahevA mAtrathI ja karyeA che ema nathI, para Mtu potAne jAti anubhavathI te sarva kAryanI tathAprakAranI vAstavikatA paNa samajAI che ane tethI ja teNe te karyA che. A pramANenI prasiddhi karatAM tenA manamAM nIce varNavAmAM AvyA che te prakAranA aMtaranAdaAtmasaMtoSa paNa thayA hatA ke kema, te jo ke kharAkhara vyakta thatuM nathI, paraMtu vartamAna kALe jaina sAhityamAM vAraMvAra eka ukti khelAtI saMbhaLAya che, ke 'kara karAvaNu ane anumAdana, traNe sarakhAM phaLa nIpajAve '=kAi kAya pAte karavuM, khIjA pAse karAvavuM temaja koi trIjo karatA hAya tenI anumeAdanA karavI (sArUM (153) jainazAstramAM jene 'aMga'nA nAmathI oLakhakAimAM sAta prakaraNa hoya te temaneA mata cathA gaNAya. vAmAM Ave che. tenI saMkhyA agiyAranI che. jo temAMthI

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tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 313 che ema bhAvanA rAkhavI) te traNe sthitinuM eka paDatAM kAryamAM mUkavAnI tatparatA paNa teNe sevI che; sarakhuM ja phaLa-lAbha che ema samajavuM; te uktine ema jaNAvavA pitAne badhA prakAranA maMdiranI bhAvArtha tenA A zabdo-dekhatAM, sAMbhaLatAM ane marAmata karAvanAra tarIke paNa lekhavyo che. matalaba ke, anubhavatAM-nI sAthe tulanA karavA mATe raju karyo che. eka rAja pate eka dharma pALatA hoya ane pitAnI . (17) sattaramI paMkita-badhA paMthane Adara prajA anya dharma pALatI hoya to te bAbata teNe manamAM karanAra, badhA (prakAranA maMdironI marAmata karAvanAra jarA paNa lAvavuM nahIM. eTale ke kevaLa nirapekSAvRtti---pravRtta cakravALA rAjarSivaMza viniHsRta rAjA udAsIna vRtti mAtra dhAraNa karavI-sahiSNutA dAkhavavI khAravela ema nahIM. paraMtu jarUra paDe to temAM hamadardI batAvI. (ba) A badhA paMtheno Adara karanAra mULapATha pate temAM rAjI che e batAvavA prajAnAM dharmasthAne savAra-qtro che. pAkhaMDano artha vartamAna kALe jyAM marAmata mAge tyAM rAjadharma lekhI tenI marAmata jema DhoMganA rUpamAM karAya che tema te vakhate vaparAte paNa karAvI devI joIe evI pitAnI rAjanIti naha14. pAuMDa eTale svamAnita dharmathI anya hatI ema teNe spaSTapaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM che. mata, evA sAmAnya arthamAM ja te vaparAte dekhAya (1) pravRttacakravALA rAjarSivaMza viniHsRta-A che; A artha tenA pitAnA ja zabdothI siddha badhA zabdonI samajUti uparamAM 14 mI paMkitane karI Apyo che. teNe pote pArsaDa-pUjaka tarIke vivecana karatAM tathA lekhanA pracalita artha utAratAM pitAne lekhAvyo che. vicAro ke je DhAMga-daMbha ke (juo pR. 278,79 tathA TIkAo) jaNAvI gayA chIe tevo Azaya temAM rahyo hota, te pitAne mATe pAcho eTale vizeSa vivecananI have apekSA rahetI nathI. pUjaka zabda kadI te sAthe joData kharo? eTale siddha ahIM AkhA lekhanI samajUti pUrI thAya che. thAya che ke, anya dharma e sAmAnya artha ja teNe karyo temAM jyAM banyuM tyAM zabdonvaya ApI ane vAkyanA che. vaLI samrATa priyadazine paNa khaDakalekhomAM te ja bhAvArtha samajAvI, pracalita mAnyatAthI kayAM kayAM mudAmAM vAparyo che. A zabdathI pate eka rAjA tarIke amAro mata jAdo paDe che te sarva khAsa dalIlapUrvaka ane anya dharma vize kevo mata dharAve che te jAhera kare sakAraNa batAvI ApyuM che. te bemAMthI kayo mArga vadhAre che eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu potAnA vacanane, prasaMga baMdhabesate gaNAya te vAcakavarga jevuM rahe che. (11) jema pAkhaMDa sArA rUpamAM vaparAte ane hAla aneka vakhata darzana de che, tema jaina sAhityamAM paNa aniSTa 35mAM vaparAya che tema te samaye aniSTa gaNAtA aneka vakhata vaparAte dekhAya che. sarva ThekANe tene artha hoya chatAM atyAre ISTa gaNAtA hoya tevA paNa zabda iSTa rUpamAM ja thayA che. paraMtu saMskRta zabdakeSamAM ke bauddha maLI Ave che. tenA daSTAMtamAM devANapriya' zabda sAhityamAM te zabda, mUrkhanA bhAvArthamAM vaparAtA hovAnuM kahI zakAze. sUcana hoya evuM samajAya che. pAkhaMDanA artha mATe pu. 2 A devAnAMpriya zabda, priyadarzinanA khaDakalekhamAM 5. 735. TI. naM. 49 jue.

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che. na kare s 35: Sam , che * : * caturtha pararacheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) hAthIguphAnA lekhanI carcA TUMkasAra-rAjA khAravele karAvela pustakeddhAra sAthenI batAvI Apela duSkALanI saMyukti mahAvijaya ane ahita zabda upara karela vivecana-mahAvijyaprAsAdanA sthAna bAbata calAvela tapAsa- je kaliMgajInamUrti mATe, magadhapati ane kaliMgapati vacce traNa traNa peDhIthI khaDAkhaDI-khaTAkhaTa cAlI AvatI hatI tenuM sAmAnya dRSTie prathama batAvela mahAbhya- te mUrti vize taTastha vidvAnonAM temaja sAMpradAyika vivecakanAM maMtavya TAMkIne, ubhA karelA seLeka muddAo-dareke dareka muddA upara etihAsika paristhiti laIne karela paryAlocanA tathA te samastanI guMthaNI-te thayela guMthaNImAMthI niSpanna thatA sAranuM karela uccAraNatemAMthI udbhavatAM pariNAma-tathA tevAM pariNAma sAthe anya saMgonI ghaTanAne meLa utare che ke kema tenI lIdhela bArika tapAsa- - sAta tIrthadhAma vizenI ApelI samajUti (jaina ane hiMduonI daSTie)-bhUti vizenA Avela maMtavya upara, saMzodhana calAvavA karela vinaMti-dharma, saMskRti ane saMskAra vize karelI theDIka carcA-mUti ane mUrtipUjA vizenA samayanI samaja- rAjA khAravelanuM nAma sAMpradAyika sAhityamAM, kema daSTie nathI paDatuM te saMbaMdhI herelAM anumAne-

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caturtha pariccheda 3. anuvAdanI samajUti 35 hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM paktivAra vivaraNa karatAM, paristhitino viccheda thaya manAya che. eTale ke te paMkti 16mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke rojhinane artha, samaya bAda A avasarpiNI kALamAM koIne te nAza thaI gayela destroyed jJAnanI prApti thavAnI ja nathI ema jainazAsanuM ne prasaMga na karatAM, jene nAza thavA kathana che; te mATe temane aMtima kevaLI kahevAya che. te ane pustakoddhAra. cAlu thaI gayo che=which sivAya eka bIjI sthitinA kevaLI paNa kahevAya che. . ne saMbaMdha is being destroyed evA temanuM birUda "zrutakevaLI che. teone jJAna paratve to rUpamAM karavAno che. tenA TekAmAM kevaLI jeTaluM jJAna hovAnuM gaNAya che, paraMtu bIjI keTalIka ema paNa jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, je vastune nAza ja thaI Avazyaka sthitine temanAmAM abhAva hovAthI kevaLagayo che te pachI tenuM rakSaNa karavuM te kathana ja jJAnanI prApti temane thaI zakatI nathI. A pramANe behUduM gaNAya tema che. vaLI jyAre rAjA khAravelana kevaLI ane zrutakevaLIne taphAvata che. AvA kRtasamaya mauryakALanI pUrve hovAnuM puravAra thaI cUkayuM kevaLImAM zrI bhadrabAhu chevaTanA thayA gaNAya che, je che. tyAre tenA samaya bAda ja-mauryakALe lupta thavAnuM caMdragupta samrATanA guru hatA temaja, mahAnaMda urphe navamA . je sarajAyuM che tene mATe te voiinano prayoga karI naMdanA eka mahAamAtya akaDALanA jyeSTha putra tathA zake? ke bhaviSyakALa sUcaka vinarathati athavA to tene bIjA eka mahAamAtya zriyakajInA vaDIla baMdha maLatA prAkRta zabda vApare ? uparAMta murica aa ne sthUlabhadrajInA paNa te guru thatA hatA. A aMtima badale ja dADha vadhAre ucita gaNAya tema che. je zrata kevaLI zrI bhadrabAhune dIkSA samaya ma. sa. 139 mArya kahevAne hetu heta to kuriyane sthAne maurya ane svargagamana ma. saM. 170mAM gaNAya che. kahevAnI zabda vApare ThIka gaNuta. matalaba e che ke ma. sa. 64 thI 170 sudhInA 106 ke atra AlekhavAnI hakIkata keTaleka daraje varSanA gALAmAM mRta jJAna-jJAnarUpe te sacavAI rahyuM jenadharmane aMge che. paraMtu temAM etihAsika tava hatuM ja. paraMtu jema samaya AgaLa vadhye jato hato. samAyeluM che tethI tene jaNAvavI paDe che. pu. 2. pR. 31nI ane vAraMvAra duSkALa paDaye jatA hatA, tema manuSyanI cI. 1ra6mAM zrI mahAvIranI paTTavalI ApI che. te zaktio paNa kSINa thatI jatI hatI. eTale jJAna uparathI jaNAze ke temanI bIjI gAdIe zrI jaMbu thayA atyAra sudhI je anaikriya hatuM te dhIme dhIme adriya che ane temane jJAnaprApti 20mAM thatAM temanI gAdIe banyuM jatuM hatuM. vaLI smRtinI zakti anaitiya gaNAya temanA ziSya AvyA che. paraMtu te jJAnIdazAmAM ja varSa che eTale ke A samaya sudhI smRtipaTamAM jJAna rahI rahIne ma. sa. 64mAM mokSane pAmyA che ane tyArathI zakatuM hatuM paNa have teno kSaya thavA mAMDayo hato. tema kaivalya jJAnane tathA te sAthe anya keTalIka Avazyaka bIjI sthiti e hatI ke aMtima zrutakevaLI zrI.bhakAmane (1) kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM eTale te chavane saMsAranuM pote 44 varSa paryata jIvaMta rahyA che. baMdhana chUTI javAnuM che eTaluM nakkI thayuM ja gaNAya; jyAre (2) vaLI juo pu. 2. pR. 151 tathA tenI TIkA. gAdI upara rahIne caturvidha saMghanI deravaNI karavI te saMsA- (3) sparza, rasa, bANa, cakSu ane zotraema zarIranI rika kAryamAM gaNAya che. mATe javuM kevaLajJAna prApta thAya pAMca ikiye che tenAthI jJAna prApta thAya te driya kahevAya ke te cha gAdI uparathI utarI javuM ja rahe. pachI kevaLI ane iMdriya sivAya jenI prApti karAya aneMdriya. kevaLajJAna avasthAmAM bhale game teTalo kALa jIvaMta rahe. eTale ahIM zrI te anai driyanI kakSAmAM Ave che. A samaya pachI teno aMbane ma. sa. 20mAM gAdI uparathI utarI javuM paDayuM chedhIme dhIme lepa thavA mAMDayo hato ema kahevAno bhAvArtha che ne te sthAne temanA para AvyA che. jo ke te bAda (4) sarakhA nIcenI TIkA naM. 7,

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----- -- --- = = 316 mahAvijaya ane ahaMta [ dazama khaMDa artha sahita sarve pUrva ane aMganuM jJAna hatuM, jyAre temanA rahyuM hatuM tene jALavI rAkhavAnA prayatna mATe ziSya sthUlabhadrajIne" amuka pUrvanuM artha sahita ane uparokta sthUlibhadrajInA netRtva nIce sadhaLA zramaNonI zeSanuM artha vinAnuM jJAna hatuM. A pramANe ma. sa. 64thI sabhA bolAvI hatI. jene pATaliputranI vAcanA tarIke kSaya thatA jJAnane sAcavI rAkhavAnI jarUrIAta ubhI ItihAsamAM prasiddhi maLI che. A badhuM lAMbu vivecana thatI jatI hatI. tevAmAM zrI khAravela prabaLa parAkramI karavAnI matalaba e che ke, dhArmika graMmAM varNavAyelI thayo ke jeNe te kArya upADI la, dhuM hatuM. A kArya je paristhiti che tene zilAlekha jevA mahatvanA teNe 98+14mAM varSe=ma, saM. 112 I. sa. pU. etihAsika purAvAthI samarthana maLe che ane bannemAM AtihAsika purAvAnA samayamAM baLa 415 mAM pAra utAryuM gaNAya. varNavelA banAve arasaparasanI puravaNarUpe garaja sAre jema u5ramAM jaNAvyA pramANe jJAnanI kSati che. A pramANe rAjA khAravele je pustakeddhAra karAvyo thaye jatI hatI, tema pR. 290. TI. naM. 56mAM jaNAvyA che te zabdane surivaThAra tarIke vAMco vadhAre pramANe varSARtunuM aniyamitapaNuM paNa vAraMvAra Ucita gaNAze. dekhAvamAM AvyuM jatuM hatuM. pariNAme dukALa paNa uparA. mahArAjA khAravele pite ketarAvela zilAlekhanI uparI paDe jatA hatA. jemAM rAjAnaMda ane khAravelanA paMkita 9 ane 10mAM "rAjabhavanarUpa mahAvijaya" samaye duSkALa paDayAnI hAthIguphAmAM beMdha levAI che ane "ahI" A be zabdo tema be vakhata caMdragupta mauryanA samaye paNa paDayA hatA. mahAvijaya ane vAparyA che tathA "ADatrIsa prathama jyAre paDayo tyAre zrI bhadrabAhasvAmI nepALamAM ahaMtA uSara- lAkhanuM dravya temAM vAparyuM hatuM birAjatA hatA ane sthUlibhadrajI pATaliputramAM hatA. te prakAza ema paNa bhArapUrvaka jaNAvyuM duSkALanI asarane lIdhe sthUlabhadrajIne jJAnanI UNapa che. A zabda khAsa vivecana rahevA mAMDI hatI te pUrNa karavA zrI saMghanI AjJAthI mAMgI rahyA che. teo potAnA guru pAse nepALamAM jaIne pUrI karI ApaNe have suparicIta thaI gayA chIe ke pUrva AvyA hatA. tevAmAM pAchA bIje duSkALa paDavAnA kALe rAjAe, potAnA nAmanI kevaLa vAhavAha bhaNakArA vAgavA maMDaLyA. te samaye gurUmahArAja to bAlAvarAvavA mATe ja kAMI kArya karatA nahIM. AthI dakSiNa hiMdamAM javA keTalAka parivAra sAthe nIkaLI karIne temanI aitihAsika hakIkato tAravavAne gayA hatA; paraMtu keTalAka, jeo bhavitavyatA baLavAna itihAsakArone aneka muzkelIomAM utaravuM paDe che; che ema gaNIne, uttara hiMdamAM-magadhamAM ja che chatAM eTaluM to dekhAya ja che ke jyAre lokakalyANanuM AsapAsanA malakamAM rahI gayA hatA. teoe te ati mahattvanuM kArya teo karatA, tyAre teTalA pUrata dvitIya duSkALa pUro thatAM, jeTaluM jJAna sacavAI ja, na chUTake pitAnA nAmane kiMcita ullekha karI (5) A sthUlibhadrajIne sAta bahena hatI temane dIkSA (8) pu. 2mAM sikkA prakaraNamAM A kathananAM udAharaNa lIdhI hatI. teo saMsArIpaNe hatA tyAre temane paNa mRta aneka maLI Avaze te jue. temAM jaNAvela che ke kaI jJAna amuka pramANamAM hatuM. te mATe ja che. 1. . rAjA pitAnAM nAma, caherA ke koI vastu tarAvatAM nahIM; 362 TI. naM. 43 pu. 2. pR. 30. temaja priyadarzina jevAnA zilAlekhe paNa A vAtanI sAkSI (6) jue pu. 2. pR. 169. TI. 21; pu. 2, pR. 201. pUrI batAvI rahyA che. vaLI A khaMDana dvitIya paricoda TI, naM. 138 tathA caMdraguptanuM vRttAMta. jevAthI khAtrI thaze. pite cedipati hovA chatAM, temaja (7) jue pu. 2, pR. 170 TIkA naM. 22. pu. 2. naMdavaMzIo, mauryavaMzIo paNa mahAna samrATe hovA chatAM 5. 29 thI 32, temAMthI koie paNa pitAne saMvatsara suddhAMta sthApya nathI.

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caturtha parika zabda uparane prakAza 317 vALatA. temAM ke jyAM sudhI banatuM, tyAMsudhI to potAnA ema bane bhinna hoya, te te jagyA mATe ke te kArya nAmane badale kAMika sAMketika cinhane upayoga mATe. aMgulinirdeza karatA (Demonstrative karIne patAvI detA hatA. rAjA khAravele paNa uparanA words=this very spot or that very deed) siddhAMtanuM anukaraNa karyuM hoya ema tenA lekhanI zabdo vAparatA nathI. mAtra meghama ja zabda vAparIne bhASA uparathI joI zakAya che. te pite ekAMtare jaNAve che ke amuka samaye amuka kArya karyuM hatuM. atra ekAMtare-eTale ke eka varSa mUkIne bIje varSe-AvAM ApaNe joIe chIe ke rAjA khAravele te samaya, lekahitanAM kAryo te karyo jato ja hatuM, chatAM A sthAna ke banAva. keI no paNa saMbaMdha rAkhyA vinA be paMkitamAM je spaSTa nirdeza karyo che te bIjI sarva banAvo eka ja sthAnamAM ane eka ja lekhamAM jagyAe karyo nathI ja. eTale samajAya che ke A varNavI dIdhAM che eTale temAM AlekhelI sarva hakIkata kAryo tene potAne kadAca ati mahattvanAM temaja bhavi. ekalA kaliMgane ja lAgu paDatI hatI ema mAnavAnuM SyanI prajAne vizeSa upakAraka nIvaDavAnuM lAgyuM haze. nathI. bale kaliMgane udezIne je spaSTa vaktavya karAyuM ATaluM prastAvika vivecana karI have ApaNe haya, teja mAtra kaliMga paratvenuM che ane bAkInuM sarva AgaLa vadhIzuM. rAjA khAravela pote kaliMgapati hatA je kAMI lakhAyuM che te anya pradezane aMge che ema tethI teNe mahAvijayaprAsAda baMdhAvyAnuM tathA ADatrIsa samajI levuM joIe. A niyama pramANe vicAratAM lAkha dravya temAM kharacAyAnuM je lakhyuM che te A naM. 9 ane 10 mI paMktimAM darzAvela prAsAdanirmANa kaliMga dezane athavA to hAthIguMphAnA sthAnane Azra ane temAM kharcela dravyavALI hakIkata kaliga deza (nahIM cIne ja hovuM joIe ema saMva vidvAnonuM mAnavuM ke kaliga rAjaya) sivAya anya bhUmine lagatI hovAnuM thAya che. jyAre te lekhamAM vaparAyelI IbArata uparathI nakkI thAya che. eTale vicAra kara rahe che ke te A prAsAdane lagatI hakIkata kaliMga sivAyanI anya ko pradeza haze? lekhanI hakIkata to sarva dakSiNa bhUmine aMge lakhAyelI hoya ema amAruM mAnavuM hiMdane lagatI che. have teNe je je dezo dakSiNa hiMdamAM thAya che. kemake (1) sAmAnya niyama hamezAM e gaNAya chatI lIdhA che temAM palava, pAMDavyA, ane madurAnAM che ke je koI rAjA pote meLavela vijayanuM athavA nAme te spaSTa jaNAvI ja dIdhAM che, eTale te vaIne to loka hitanA karela anya kAryanuM vivecana karavA pachI je bhUmi bAkI rahI te samajAvavA pUrato mAMDe ane te potAnA ja mulakamAM kotarAvavAno prasaMga tene manasUbe haze ema puravAra thAya che. ane tevI ubho thayo hoya te, te lakhANamAM batra, mA, bIvAM, ke bhUmi to mAtra celA rAjyanI ja rahI jAya che ema mArA prakAranAM I. I. aMgulinirdeza karatAM (demon- bhagaLa zIkhavADe che. athavA jene ApaNe A strative forms of places or things) pustakanA varNana karavAnA samaye dhanakaTaka-enakaTaka spaSTatAsUcaka zabdo vApare che; paraMtu je kerAyelA bennAkaTakanA rAjya tarIke oLakhAvyuM che te lekhanuM sthAna ane temAM ALekhela hakIkatanuM sthAna, bhUmi ja te hovI joIe ema A uparathI samajAya (9) priyadarzinanuM sAMketika cinha hAthI che.khAravele paNa pUrve rAjadhAnI vizeSaNa jeDayuM che, ema batAvavAnuM ke A hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM Adi ane aMtamAM pitAnuM cihna pradezanI rAjadhAnI je talasUyAmAM hatI temAM nahera lAvavAmAM vAparyuM lAge che (zuM te barAbara jatuM nathIjuo jai. sA. AvIH nahIM to maghamamAMja rAjadhAnI zabda zuM na lakhI saM. pu. 3. pR. 382 TI. naM. 14). rAta ! paNa spaSTIkaraNa je karI batAvyuM che te sthAnika prasaMga (10) eTale ke Words denoting that particu- hoIne tenI cokhavaTa karavA mATe ja dekhAya che. lar space or deed=te amuka sthAna athavA te kAryane (11) A dhanakaTakanI hada, rAjadhAnI ItyAdi hakIkta ullekha karIne zabdo vApare che; jemake, talasUyAnI sAthe tenI mATe juo pu. 1, 5, 150thI 162nuM varNana

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718 mahAvijaya ane ahaMta [ dazama khaMDa che; tathA mahAvijaya nAmano prAsAda, maMdira, caitya tevuM te dhIkatuM baMdara hovuM joIe. A bennAtaTa ke dharmasthAna je kahevuM ghaTe te kahe, te paNa tyAM ja nagaranI sthiti, je I. sa. pU. 580mAM hatI teja teNe sADI ADatrIsa lAkhane kharce baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema A rAjA khAravelanA samaye I. sa. pU. 425 mAM AkhI carcAne sAra nIkaLe che. paNa hatI. kadAca kiMcita jUna thaI hoya-juo khAravelanA A kArya vizeno ATalo tAga magadhapati udayAzvanuM vRttAMta; jo ke tema banavA kAraNa meLavyA pachI, bIjI keTalIka hakIkata meLavavI bAkI rahe nathI balka ema kahe ke, mahArAjA priyadarzinanA che. te mATe dhanakaTaka dezano ItihAsa tapAsavo joie samaye eTale I. sa. pU.nI trIjI sadInA aMta sudhI je temAMthI kAMI labhya thAya che ke kema? rAjA zreNika ane tethI paNa thoDAM varSa vItI gayA bAda tenI jAheathavA bibisAranuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, jalAlI khUba khUba pramANamAM jaLavAI rahI hatI te pote I. sa. pU. 580mAM magadhapati thayo, te ema dekhAya che, kemake aMdhrapati rAjA pulumAvInA 13 pUrvenAM aDhI traNa varSa tene benAtaTa nagare gALavAM je sikkA kAromAMDala kinArA uparathI be be saDhavALA pAyAM hatAM. te samaye paradezI sodAgaranI eka vaNa- maLI AvyA che, te uparathI te hakIkata siddha thAya jAra AvyAno prasaMga varNavyo che. temAM jaNAvAyuM che. paraMtu te samaya bAda jyAre teno nAza thayo haze che ke vaNajAranA mAlanuM mUlya cUkAvI ApavAne te viSaya atyAranA prasaMgane sparza karatA na hovAthI khUda rAjAno kozAgAra paNa sazakata nahoto; jethI ApaNe tenI carcAmAM utaravA jarUra nathI. eka sAmAnya vepArI jevA gaNAtA gopALa nAmanA A pramANe hAthIguMphAnA zilAlekha jevA, upara zreSThinI vakhAramAM DhagalAbaMdha tejaturI je paDI hatI varNavelA aitihAsika purAvAthI have puravAra thaI te vaDe tene malya cUkavAyuM hatuM. A vastu atyAre jAya che ke rAjA khAravela benAtaTanA pradezamAM sADI cItaravAno Azaya eTaluM batAvavA purato ja che ke, ADatrIsa lAkha kharacIne mahAvijaya nAmanA AhaMta te samaye bennAtaTa nagara ati vipula pramANamAM dharma praNita, meTo eka caityaprAsAda baMdhAvyo hato. skRddhi dharAvatuM, aneka dezanA sAhasika ane mAthe eka bAju A sthiti che. bIjI bAju zedhakhoLa kere mUkIne kAma karanArA vyApArIonI avarajavaravALuM khAtuM ema jaNAvI rahyuM che ke, bennAtaTanA pradezamAM tathA dhanADhaya vaNikethI vaseluM zahera hatuM. tema moTuM amarAvatI-ane dharaNIkaTa jyAM hAla AvI vasyAM nagara hAIne, tene vistAra paNa moTA pramANamAM che te sthAnamAMthI moTo eka dharmastupa maLI Avela hevo joIe e dekhItuM che. balake ema paNa mAnavuM che; eTaluM ja nahi paNa te sthAna upara athavA tenI rahe che ke, magadhanI rAjadhAnIvALAM rAjagRhI ane AsapAsa, koI moTuM zaheraasalanA samaye hovuM pATaliputra nagarone 5Nu, kyAMya vaTAvamAM mUkI de joIe ema ceksa sthiti darzAve che. trIjI bAju (12) je samayanI ApaNe ahiM vArtA utArI che inscriptions we have of Pulumavi and Yagna(I. sa. pU. 583580 pahelAM be traNa varSanI vAta) te shree from Amravati-amarAvatImAMthI pulumAvI ane samaye pATaliputranI sthApanA paNa nahotI thaI (tenI yajJazrInA zilAlekhe ApaNane maLI Ave che. sthApanA I. sa. pU. 493mAM thaI che. juo pu. 1. rAjA A pulumAvInA ane yajJazrInA samaya mATe juo pu. dayAjanuM varNana) paraMtu rAjA khAravelano samaya to i. sa. 5muM. AMdhrapatinA vaMzanI AkhI vaMzAvaLI zodhIne ubhI 5. 430thI 394no che te samaye pATaliputranI jAhoja- karI batAvI che ( yajJazrIne samaya I. sa. pU. 298thI 280 lAlI nirmita thaI cUkI hatI mATe atra tenI sarakhAmaNI che ane pulamAvIne 280thI 244 che). karavAne prasaMga lIdhe che. (1) A. sa. sa. I. pu.1 (nyu ImpIrIala sIrIjha (13) juo A rI. sa. I. pu. 1, 5. pa:-The naM. 6) 5. 13: prA. bhAta pu. 1, 5. 162.

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caturtha paricheda ] zabda uparane prakAza 319 30-1ra-39nA paripatrathI madrAsa sarakAranA zodhakhoLa leITa naM. 3mAM varNana karatAM karatAM jaNAvAyuM che khAtAe I. sa. 1930mAM jAhera karyuM che ke, gaMtura ke, zilAlekhamAM gata zabda lakhela che. tema rAjA jIllAmAM bejhavADA zahera najIkathI eka meTa maTha khAravele 'mahAviye nAme eka prAsAda sAta dhamanI maLI Avyo che. vaLI kaNa nadInA A prAMtanuM tathA praNAlikAnI siddhi artha sADI ADatrIsa lAkha dravya tene lagatA anya pradezanuM saMzodhana karIne je graMtho khacIne banAvyAnuM potAnA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyuM che. bahAra paDI cUkyA che temAM Avela hakIkatanuM A pramANanA banne ThekANe zilAlekhanA ja zabdo ekIkaraNa karIzuM te mAlUma thAya che ke kRSNa nadInA che. tenuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM te turata kalpanA karI mukha AgaLane (kRSNanA DeTAvALA) A sarva levAya che, ke te baMne hakIkata ekaja sthAna paratvenA pradeza mahA gauravavaMto pratibhAsaMpanna tathA smRddhi kAryane aMge vaparAyalI hovI joIe. eka ThekANe zALI hovo joIe. te pradezanA pATanagarane mAtra 3 mahAvijaya kahyo che bIjAmAM mAtra mahAcaitya kahyo che. mAIlanA vistAranuM gaNI, dhanakaTaka ane amarAvatI bIjI bAju te amarAvatI stUpanAM dazyo, kAragiri, jevAM sthAna upara tene AveluM gaNavuM ke bejhavADA ane zilpakaLAnAM sarekha citro tathA tenA sthApatyane gaMtaranI AsapAsanI jagyAmAM paMdara vIsa mAIlane ApaNe jyAre nihALIe chIe tathA tenA mUlya vize vistAra rAkI patharAI gayeluM lekhavuM, athavA to tene kAMIka AMka mukavAno prayatna karIe chIe tyAre rAjA eka moTuM nagara kalpI uparanAM sarve sthaLAne te khAravele sADI ADatrIsa lAkha dravya nagaranA akeka 5rA tarIke lekhavuM (jema muMbaI ane jaNAvyuM che tenI yathArthatA jaNAI Ave che. A tene parAMne vistAra keTalAye mAIla sudhI laMbAyelo prakAranI badhI paristhitimAM, te amarAvatInA stUpane gaNAya che tema); te te, jene jema sUjhe tema rAjA khAravelanI kRti tarIke je ApaNe svIkArIe anumAna bAMdhI le; paraMtu ekaMdare eTalI vastusthiti temaja tene tene jaina dharmanA ghAtaka tarIke lekhIe, te te jaLavAI ja rahe che ke, Akho bennAtaTano pradeza kAMI anyAya karyo kahevAze nahi. vaLI A stUpanA saMzate samaye samasta dakSiNa bhAratavarSamAM eka anokhuM- dhaka mekanajhI sAhebanA maMtavya pragaTa thayA bAda te vizene ja sthAna bhogavI rahyo hato. sAmAnya mata kevo karI gayo che te nIcenA zabdomAM ATalI sthiti spaSTa karyA pachI je amarAvatI tenA prakAzake vyakta karyo che. temaNe prathama te jaNAvyuM svapa tarIke oLakhAvAyo che temAM AvelI keTalIka che ke8Long after Col. Mackenzie's time, hakIkata tarapha ApaNe dhyAna kheMcIzuM. A amarA- that it was first surmised that the AmravatInA stUpanuM varNana karatAM tenA saMzodhaka karnala vati Stupa was a Buddhist documents mekenajhI sAheba lakhe che ke17 In the inscrip- amarAvanI stUpa bauddha dharmanuM dyotaka che evuM anumAna tions, this building is called the ti) karnala mekenajhInA pachI lAMbA kALe prathama Mahachaitya or the Great Chaitya= vakhate ja bahAra paDayuM hatuM. paraMtu te bAbatamAM zilAlekhamAM kotarAyeluM che ke A makAnane "mahAcaitya" mekenajhI sAhebane ke mata hato tathA pite temanA kahevAtuM. hatuM. vaLI teja graMthamAM pR. 104 upara matane keTale darajaje vadhAvI le che te jaNAvatAM (15) prA. bhArata pu. 1 pU. 65 TI. naM. 53. (16) jue A. sa. pI. I. 5.15 (temAM gaMdIvADa ane kaccha jIllAnA anya zaheronuM saMzodhana bAbatanuM varNana: jemAMnA be citro ApaNe bhArata pu. 1, 5. 153 AkRti naM. 20 ane 21 tarIke raju karyA che.) (17) juo A. sa. sa. i. pu. 1 (nyu IpIrIala sIrIjha pu. 6) 1882 (mudrita 187) pR. 23, (18) jue majakura pustaka pU. che.

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320. mahAvijaya ane ata [ dazama khaMDa lakhe che ke His own behef that it might the latter part of the second century. be Jain was credible=temanA (karnala mekenajhInA) The stupa itself is much older as is mate, te (sUpa)ne jainadharmane hevAnuM (mAnatA hatA) shown by the sculpture and the te vizvasanIya che. eTale temanA kahevAno bhAvArtha inscriptions, especially one in the ema che ke, karnala mekenajhIne prathama mata te amarAvatI Mauryan character, recording the gift svapane jainadharmane lagate mAnavA prati hatA; te mata of a pillar by the General MundatemanA pachI ghaNA lAMbA kALe bhale pharI gayo che Kuntala=amarAvatI TepanA sthApatyamAMnI bArika ane have tene bauddhadharmano gaNAve che, paraMtu prathama vIgato jotAM, temAM pona karatAM grIka pradezanI kaLA mata eTale te jainadharmanuM pratika hovAno mekenajhI mukhyatve eTalA badhA pramANamAM mAlama paDe che sAheba vALo mata-vadhAre pramANika dekhAya che. ke, prAthamika (najare) evuM anumAna baMdhAI jAya AkhI carcAne sAra, te stupa jainadharmane havA che ke tene samaya i. sa. nI sadIno prAraMbha kALane saMbhava che. paraMtu vidvAno jema mAnI beThA che tema haze. jyAre tenA kaTherA uparanA zilAlekhAnI karIne bauddhadharmano nathI. sudhArela tArIkho jotAM tene samaya I. sa. nI bIjI A saMbaMdhI eka ja prazna have mAtra vicAro sadInA uttara bhAgamAM te banAvAyAnuM gaNavo paDazerahe che. te A svapanI umara vizeno che. vidvAna (dhyAna rAkhavuM ke ahIM kaTherAnA zilAlekhanA samayanI tene I. sa. nI bIjI ke trIjI sadIno hovAnuM mAne vAta karI che, nahIM ke svapanA pitAnA samayanI ke che, jyAre ApaNe tene rAjA khAravelanA samayano tenA uparanA kaI zilAlekhanI-te te have darzAve che) eTale I. sa. pU. nI cothI sadIno TharAvIe chIe. jyAre stUpa bahu prAcIna samayane dekhAya che; kemake ; be mata vizenuM aMtara lagabhaga pAMcase chaso varSanuM tenA uparanI zilpakaLAnAM dRzyo ane zilAlekha rahI jAya che. A be vastuno meLa zI rIte khAya je kotarAyAM che te uparathI tenI pratiti thAya che. tema che te ApaNe uccArIe tenA karatAM, majakura temAM ye khAsa karIne muMDakuMtala nAmanA adhikArIe amarAvatI stUpa"nA lekhaka mahAzayanA potAnA dAna ApIne mauryakALamAM vaparAtI bhASAmAM lekha zabdo ja TAMkI batAvIzuM, jethI vAcakavargane potAnI kAtarAvyo che tethI"--eTale A uparathI ema sAbita kalpanAzakitane bahu kheMcI jaIne lAMbA samaya sudhI thAya che ke, stUpanA saMbaMdhamAM muMDakuMtale je dAna kareluM vicAranA vamaLamAM taNutA rahevuM nahIM paDe. te zabdo che te maurya sAmrAjyano vakhata hato tathA te vakhate A pramANe 19 cheH "There is so much of A stUpa te kyArano ubho paNa thaI gayo hato. vaLI Greek, rather than Bactrian art in e paNa kharuM ja che, ke je stUpa saMbaMdhI kAMI paNa the architectural details of the Amra- dAna maurya samaye (I. sa. pU. 372 thI 234 sudhI) vati tope, that the first inference is that karavAmAM AvyuM hoya, te stUpa pite I. sa. pU. it must be nearer to the Christian 37ranI pUrve ja ubho karAyo he joIe ema svIEra-With the revised date of the kAravuM paDedeg. ApaNe paNa tene samaya rAjA khAravelanA inscriptions, the date of the rail in rAjyanA samayane (I. sa. pU. 430 thI 394) (19) juo majakura pustaka pR. 12. pU. 266 sudhInI 20 dalIla sAthe 5. 303 TI. naM. 87 nI (20) aparokSa rIte A hakIkata uparathI sAbita karI 21mI tathA A sAthe tenI saMkhyA 22 nI gaNAze. - rAphAze ke puSyamitra ane khAravela samakAlina nathI ja eTale

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caturtha pariccheda ] zabda uparanA prakAza jaNAvIe chIe. athavA vadhAre cAsa tArIkha tenA nirmANa mATe darzAvavI hAya te, tenA rAjyAbhiSeka bAda navamA varSe caNAvyAnuM te jaNAve che jema magadhapati naMdane tathA kaliMgapati karakaMDu eTale tene samaya I. sa. pU. 421-20 mA gaNavAmahArAjane, kSemarAjane ane khAravelane A sthAnanI rahe che. ane mUrtinI kiMmata hRdayamAM utarI gaI hatI, tema samrATa priyadarzinane tathA te samayanA kaliMgapati rAjA zAtakaraNIne paNa tathAprakAre ja utarI gaI hatI ema turata samajI zakAya che kAraNa ke te mATe ja te baMne bhUpatie potAnA dharmanI te bhUmi uparanuM prabhutva meLavavA jabaradasta saMgrAma khelI rahyA hatA; jenI mAhitI ApaNane priyadarzinanA khaDakalekhathI maLI rahe che. vaLI samrATa priyadarzine peAtAnA jIvanamAM je aneka saMgrAmA khelyA hatA temAM kaliMgabhUmi uparane sauthI dArUNa ane bhayaMkara tathA chellAmAM chellA ja hatA, te paNa teNe pAte ja kAtarela hakIkatathI samajAya che. A uparathI paNa te khanne jainadharmI rAjAekanAM hRdayamAM te tIrtha pratye tathA tenI mUrti vize kevAM bhakita ane mAnavasI rahyAM hatAM tenuM mApa kADhI zakAya che.22 A pramANe uttarAttara thatA jainadharmonuyAyI rAjAe jyAre A sthaLa ane pratimA vize ATalAM badhAM evAraNAM laI te svajIvane paNa kurabAna karI detA hatA tyAre temAM kAMIka vizeSapaNe tAratamya samAyaluM haze ema tA dekhAya cheja! nahIM te zuM pUrvenA rAjAe evA mUrkha hatA ke eka mUrti jevI ajIva vastu mATe meTI laDAI e laDavA nIkaLe teA nIkaLe, paNu ahiMsA je peAtAnA dharmanA mULabhUta siddhAMta kahevAya, tene eka kArANe mUkIne pu. 1. pR. 174 mAM mahArAja karakaMDunA vRttAMtamAM sAbita karI gayA chIe ke te pAte pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanA anuyAyI haiAvAthI, AtmakalyANa mATe teNe maMdira baMdhAvI temAM alaukika ane camatkAravALI eka pratimA padharAvI hatI. te pratimA AgaLanI bharAvelI hatI ke teNe ja taiyAra karAvI hatI te hakIkata sAbita karavI khAkI rAkhI hatI. tema AvI najIvI te mUrtinuM mahAtmya ane jaDa pratimA mATe zA sArU e moTA samrATa jIva saTAsaTa laDI rahyA hatA tenA kAMIka A khyAla tyAM ApI, vizeSa samAcAra khAravelanA vRttAMte ApavAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. temaja uparanA dvitIya ane tRtIya paricchede (paMkita 12mAM kaliMgajInamUrtinA varNanamAM) kahI gayA chIe ke, jainadharmIonuM sametazikhara nAmanuM eka pavitra tIrtha A pradezamAM Avela hAI tathA te upara vIsa jeTalA tIrthaMkarA nirvANa pAmela heAvAthI tenAM khyAti ane gaiArava temane mana ghaNAM hatAM. vaLI uparAta vIsa tIrthaMkarAmAMnA sAthI chellA pArzvanAtha, tyAM mekSe gayela hAvAthI tenuM nAma pArzvanAtha pahADa paNa paDI gayuM che tathA te mUrtine kaliMgamAM padharAvanAra temaja tenA mULasthApaka karakaMDu mahArAja pAte trikALajJAnI hAvAthI tenAM pratibhA tathA gaiArava temanI jANamAM hatAM (jue pR. 302-3). (21) samrATa priyadarzina te| jaina hateA e hakIkata tenA jIvanacaritre sAbita karI devAi che tema A zAMtakaraNI rAjAone mATe| bhAga paNa jainamatAnuyAyI hatA te ApaNe pu. 5 mAM temanAM vRttAMte sAbita karavAnA chIe ( te tyAM jIe) mATe ahIM kaliMga pradezanuM yuddha laDanAra baMne rAjavIe jaina dharmI hatA ema lakhavuM paDyuM che. 311 ATalI hakIkata lakhAI gaI che. have vizeSa mATe AgaLa vadhIe. je kheDayuM che tathA tyAM dhaulI-jAgoDAnA lekhA ubhA karAvyA che tenuM kAraNa bhUmivijayanuM nathI paNa te tI dhAma pratyenA hanI sthApanAnuM che. tenuM hRdaya je kaMpI uThayuM hatuM tenA kAraNa tarIke, manuSya saMhAra je sa`khyAmAM vaLI gayA hatA te paNa eka hatuM uparAMta je dharmonA nAme laDAi laDAya, teja dharmAMnA mULa sidhdhAMtanI virUddha laDAinI nIti dAravavI paDe, tethI (22) have samajAze ke kaliMganuM yuddha, samrATa priyadarzine paNa tenuM hRdaya hacamacI gayuM hatuM. 41

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322 te mUrtinuM [ dazama khaMDa lAkhe prANInA chone saMhAra vaLI jAya tenI prastAva, prathama Apavo Avazyaka lAge che. te nIce lezamAtra kanavAra paNa na kare? eTaluM ja nahIM, pramANe TakamAM jaNAvyo che. paraMtu ulaTa temAM jIta meLavyA bAda, kema jANe te A sthaLamAM jagannAthapurI nAme samasta hiMdu kAyama ati mahattvanuM gaNatA hoya athavA lokone eka mahAprabhAvika tIrthasthAna AveluM che. grAmyabhASAmAM kahe ke IDarIyo gaDha jItI AvyA te tIrthano mahimA eTalo badho prasarIta thayelo che hoya, tema IrAdApUrvaka siMhanAde jAhera karI, tenI yAda ke varSa daramyAna sArAye bhArata varSamAMthI AkarSAIne yAvacaMdradivAkarau jaLavAI rahe mATe, zilAlekha24 loka samaha ati moTA pramANamAM tyAM niyata samaye jevA akATya ane abhedya mArgoThArA tene aMkita eka be vAra ekaTho thAya che. te samaye ekatrita karAve? A save vivecanathI samajI zakAze ke jena- maLela yAtrikAmAM koI paNa prakAre jAtine ke dhamane A parvatanI mAlikI rakSA ke tIrthayAtrA dharmano bheda bhAva dhAraNa karI zakAtuM nathI. eTaluM je kaho te kevA zvAsa ane prANurUpa gaNAtA hatA. 'ja nahIM paratuM, tyAMnI dhArmika saMsthA taraphathI ekaja have je eka anya muddA upara vAcakane laI prakArano je AhAra tyAM ApavAmAM Ave che, te javA dhArIe chIe te jo ke A pustakanA kSetra bahAra sarve yAtrALae harSita thatAM thatAM grahaNa karIne vinA jato dekhItI rIte jAze, paraMtu A viSaya sAthe saMkoce Avege che tathA pitAne punita-pAvana thayela aitihAsika banAvanI eka kaDI evI te saMlagna samajI svadeza pAchA phare che. A tIrthanuM suMdara varNana thayelI dekhAya che ke, je te bAbata upara prakAza karatAM eka vivecake25 lakhyuM che ke " aMhI vizva alpAMze paNa atra na ApavAmAM Ave, te bhAratIya madira che ke jyAM AryAvartanA sarva bhAgamAMthI ItihAsamAM samAyela aneka aMdhakAramaya tharamAMnuM mana vizvadevanI pUjA karavAne Ave che. aMhI eka, asparyuja rahI jatuM kahevAze. sAthe hiMmata vargane ThAra che." sara viliyama haMTara kahe che paNa, che ke atra raju karAyelI hakIkta, je vAcaka ke tyAM hiMdu dharma ane hindu-ativizvAsa athavA samudAya zAMta cittathI ane niSpakSapAtapaNe vicArI miyA dhamaragsamudra tIre vizvanA bhinna dharmanI joze te tene mAruM kathana-apazya rahI jatuM thara- aneka virahatA chatAM paNa Aje aDhAra varSathI vyAjabI paNa lAgaze. ATaluM Amukha tarIke jemanA tema kAyama ubhA rahela che." te bAda A jaNAvI, je hakIkata vAcaka samakSa dharavI rahe che te graMthakAra, A jagannAthano purAtana ane paurANika barAbara samajI zakAya mATe, tene lagatA thoDAka pratihAsa ApatAM, tenI utti vize AkhyAyikAo (23) saMbhavita che ke priyadarizane A kAraNane lIdhe ja navalakathAkAra Thakakara nArAyaNa vIsanajI je custa hiMdudharmAnuahIM hAthI katarA hoya; jayAre anya sthAnake mAtra cAcI tarIke tathA vivecaka tarIke khUba bArIkAIthI UMDANamAM hAthInI nizAnI ja ApelI che, (juo. pu. 2. pR. 364) utaranAra tarIke jANItA che temaNe te pustakamAM pR. 105 upara (24) samA priyadarzinane dhaulI khaDaka lekha A je lakhyuM che tenA A zabdo che. vaLI nIcenI TIkA juo.) hetapUrvaka ubho kara dekhAya che. (kemake teNe anya tIrthakaronI (2) majakura pustaka che. 105. (A sarva vRttAMta nirvANabhUmi sUcavatA sthAna upara paNa khaDaka lekhe kotarAvyA keTalAka varSo pahelAM meM lakhI rAkhyuM hatuM, paraMtu have jyAre che joke tyAM eka paNa laDAI tene laDavI paDI nathI) vaLI maDhita karAvavAno samaya Avyo che tyAre lekhaka mahAzaya khAravelano hAthIguphAno lekha kotarAvavAmAM uDe hatu te devaloka pAmyA che te mATe dilagIra chIe. A kAraNane lIdhe dharmakAryanI prasiddhi mATe ja hato. (juo AgaLa upara) uparamAM temanA nAma sAthe marahuma zabda joDaye nathI.) - (25) muMbaIthI pragaTa thatA dhI gujarAtI nAmaka sAptAhika (27) misyAdharma kAne uddezIne kahevAyA haze te, patranI I. sa. 1913nI bheTa tarIke apAyela " jagannAthanI A sthAnanuM kharuM svarUpa jANyA bAda Ape Apa kadAca mUrti ane bhAratanuM bhaviSya" nAme pustakanA lekhaka prakhyAta samajI zakAze.

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caturtha pariccheda ] mahA. 323 Ape che. ane chevaTe pitAne abhiprAya jaNAvatAM ne samuccaya grahaNa karatAM nIceno sAra tAravI zakAya jaNAve che ke "A pramANe paurANika siddhAMtanA che; jema ke (1) hAlanuM je vizvamaMdira che te i. sa. (nahIM ke paurANika graMthAnA) anuyAyI jananuM kahevuM 1198 mAM banAvAyuM che, (2) tenI pahelAnuM je maMdira che ke..... mALavAnA rAjAe baMdhAvelA e bhavya hatuM te mAlavapatie baMdhAvyuM hatuM ane tene nAza maMdirane (matalabake jagannAthajInuM mULa maMdira je hatuM thaI gayA hatA ( kALe karIne nAza thayo hato ke tene ) paNa nAza thaI gayA hata; paNa I. sa. nI keAI rAjasattAnA jorajulmathI nAza thayo sattaramI sadInA prAraMbhamAM jagannAthajInuM je maMdira hatuM. te jaNAvAyuM nathI) ane (3) maMdira astitva dharAvatuM hatuM ane Aje paNa pitAnA tathA vizenI je AkhyAyikAo unnata zikharothI pUrNa abhimAna dharAvatuM je maMdira vartamAnakALe sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave che tevI ja jovAmAM Ave che te maMdira ghaNuM ja pAchaLathI camatkArika, paraMtu kAMIka bhinna svarUpamAM, prAcInaeTale bahudhA I. sa. 1194mAM rAjA kALanI AkhyAyikAo hovA saMbhava che. anaMga bhImadeva taraphathI baMdhAvavAmAM AvyuM teja vivecaka vaLI AgaLa jatAM lakhe che ke: hatuM." prathama maMdira ane temAMnI mUrtio "enI (rAjadhAnInI) pazcime 2 puSpagiri vize ApaNe jevI camatkArika kathA vAMcI AvyA nAmaka eka parvata hatA ane te parvatamAM eka stUpa chIetevIja aneka prakAranI camatkArika tathA eka vihAranuM astitva hatuM. e parvata te AkhyAyikAo e maMdira ane temAMnI mUrtio vartamAnakALanA udayagiri ane kheDagiri33 nAmaka vize30 sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave che. A sarve avataraNe- parvate ja hovA joIe. e parvatemAM (28) majakura pustaka pR108, prAcIna samayanuM che. bhale baMnenA samayamAM ghaNo phera che. chatAM (29) mALavAnA kayA rAjAe te darzAvyuM nathI. paraMtu baMne varNana kevAM maLatAM AvI jAya che te juo. temanA have pachI AlekhAtA varNana uparathI samajAya che ke, lakhavA pramANe te dezanI rAjadhAnInI pazcime puSpagiri cayAtikezarI nAme je rAjA thaye che tenI pUrvanA koI parvata hatuM ane A parvatamAM guphAmaMdira tathA stUpa mAlavapatie te maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema kahevAno Azaya che. have jyAre ApaNe paNa tema ja kahIe chIe ke, cikA (30) eTale ke, vidyamAna maMdiranI sthApanA vize savara pAse kaliMganI rAjadhAnI hatI. tenI pazcime eka je AkhyAcikAo cAlI rahI che te bhale daMtakathArUpe lAgatI parvata che ke jenI taLeTIe dhaulI jAgauDAno khaDakalekha haze paraMtu tene prabhAva te camatkArika ja lekhAya che ema che tathA te parvatamAM A hAthIguphA che (jene guphAmaMdira kahevAno Azaya che. paNa kahevAya che kemake te parvatamAM je aneka guphAo ane (31) majakura pustaka pu. 110 maMdire che temAMnuM A eka guphAmaMdira kahevAya che). vaLI (32) A badhAM sthAnanAM dizAsthAnanI hakIkta mATe A puSagirine vartamAna kALanA udayagiri ane khaMDagiri nIcenI TIkA. naM. 33 jue. mAne eka mAne che. ApaNe paNa te pramANeja kahIe (33) 5. 1mAM rAjagRhInA sthAna vize je varNana chIe jue uparanI lITIo. matalaba ke sarvenuM sthAna ApyuM che te juo. tenI AMsapAsa je paMcapahADa eka ja prakAranuM ane sarva hakIkate maLatuM ja che. eTale te (udayagiri, khaDagiri, vaibhAragiri Adi ) AvelA hatA nirAka che ema kahevuM paDaze.]. tenI parvatamALA laMbAtI laMbAtI TheTha kaliMga dezamAM gaI (34) lekhake hovA joIe zabda vAparyo che. ApaNe hatI. teja udayagiri ane kheDagiri A parvata che. paNa TI naM. 33mAM ApaNe abhiprAya darzAvatA jaNAvyuM [TIkhaNa-lekhaka mahAzayanuM A varNana prAcIna samayanuM che ke te nizaMka che ema kahevuM paDaze (juo TI. naM. 33 che. ApaNe hAthIguphAnuM je varNana karI rahyA chIe te paNa nA aMtima zabdo),

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3ra4 te mUrtinuM [ dazama khaMDa bauddhonI5 aneka71 guhAo ane lekha AkArano 652 lAMbo x 644 phITa pahoLo che.42 maLI Avyo che. enI pUrva dizAe pAMca mAIla aMtarbhAganA saMrakSaNa mATe 22 phITa uMcAInI majaupara, bhuvanezvara nAmaka77 aneka devAlayavALuM bhUta pattharonI eka dIvAla bAMdhelI che. te dIvAlanI eka sthAna che." vaLI AgaLa 28 lakhela che ke "e aMdaranA bhAgamAM aneka devAlaya bAMdhelAM che ane eka aitihAsika mata keTalAka taraphathI karavAmAM Ave te bhinna bhinna devane44 arpaNa karelAM che. moTAmAM che ke jagannAthanuM maMdira te bauddhadharmane eka stUparee moTuM ane sarvathI unnata maMdira zrI. jagannAthane che ane temAMnI mUtio paNa bauddha dharmanA eka arpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. enA zaMku, AkRti ane amaka tavane ja darzana karAve che. tenA samarthanamAM bArIka kAtaravALA zikharanI uMcAI 192 phITanI eka daMtakathA pracalita che. "A daMtakathA varNavatAM tene che. kALanA anaMta AghAtathI tene raMga kAMIka kALe samaya temaNe I. sa. 300nI AsapAsa hovAnuM jaNAvyuM thaI gayela che. e viSNunAM sudarzana cakra tathA che. tathA te uparAMta hAlanA maMdiranuM varNana karatAM vajAthI raMgArita che. maMdiramAM praveza karavAnuM je teo jaNAve che ke "e maMdirane vADe catuSkoNa mukhyadvAra che te siMhadvAranA nAmathI oLakhAya (35) have te ApaNe jANI cukyA chIe ke, jyAM Apela bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranuM varNana sarakhA. jyAM "bauddha dharma" zabda vidvAnoe vAparyo che tyAM tyAM (43) jaina maMdironI bAMdhaNI sAthe A varNana sarakhA. "jainadharma" mUkIne te pramANe artha vAstavika che ke kema ghaNAM moTAM jaina maMdiromAM bahAra gaDha ane aMdarane gaDha te vicAratAM javuM kAraNa ke samrATa azokanA zilAlekho je ema be kaTa hoya che. temAMnA aMdaranA koTanI rAMge rAMge auddha dharmanA atyAra sudhI manAtA AvyA che te have samrATa dIvAlane aDhelIne cAre tarapha matirUpe nAnI nAnI derIo priyadarzinanA-saMpratinA banAvelA eTale jaina gharmane lagatA caNavelI hoya che ane tevI dareka derImAM judA judA che ema puravAra karI apAyuM che. eTale pitAnA pUrvabaddha khyAla chananI mUrti pratiSThita karavAmAM AvelI hoya che (A badhuM mAM rahIne ja vidvAnoe zaiddhadharma zabda vAparye rAkhyA che. varNana mULa lakhANanI sAthe sarakhAvo). AvAM maMdira (36) aneka eTale seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM che (juo atyAre paNa aneka ThekANe mejuda che jemake, zatrujaya ane AgaLa jatAM kalyANa mAsikanA aMkane utAra-bhuvane. giranAra uparanI aneka TUMkamAM, Abu upara vimalavasahimAM, tharane lagata), amadAvAdamAM dI9hI daravAjA bahAra zeTha hakisiMhanI vADImAM, (37) A vastusthiti samajavAne jeTalI hakIkata uttara gujarAtamAM vaDhiyAra pradezanA saMkhezvara gAme. I. I. u5yegI thaI paDe tema che teTalIja mAtra uttara hiMdamAMthI (44) jema nAnI nAnI daherIo (uparanI TI. naM. pragaTa thatA kalyANa mAsikanA zivAMka rU. 570 mAMthI 43mAM varNavI batAvI che tema) ne badale meTAM moTAM devAatra uddhata karI che. laye TAM chavAyAM te gaDhamAM baMdhAyelA hovAnuM jaNAvavA (38) majakura pustaka pR. 112. jevo ja Azaya hoya, te te sthiti paNa jaina maMdiramAM (39) juo nIcenI TI. naM. 49nuM mULa lakhANa tathA dekhAya che (juo zatruMjya parvata uparanI matIrazA zeThanI A "bauddhadharmane" zabda kevA saMjogomAM vidvAno TrekanI bAMdhaNI I.) vAparatA AvyA che te mATe, uparanI TI. naM. 35nI sAthe (45) sarakhA takSazIlA nagarInA dharmacakranuM varNana. sarakhAvo. eTale ghaNAkharA bhedane ukela AvI jatA samajAze. je uparathI te nagarInuM nAma ja " cakratIrtha" pADavAmAM (40) A kayuM tattva hovAnuM te mAne che te mATe taTastha AvyuM che (pu. 3. 5. 265 thI 282. vidvAnanAM kathananA je utArA imejImAM AgaLa jatAM TAMkyA (46) sAmAnya rIte siMhadvAra eTale ja mukhyadvAra e che te vAMco eTale ApoApa samajI javAze. artha thAya che. paraMtu ahIM te zabda viziSTatAsUcaka hoya (41) majakura pustaka (jagannAthanI mUrti ane bhAratanuM ema darzAvAya che. te jaNAvavAnuM ke jaina maMdiromAMnA bhaviSya) 5. 113. pravezadvArane paNa adyApi paryata siMhadvAranA nAmathI ja oLa(42) jagannAthajInA maMdiranA A varNana sAthe, nIce khavAmAM Ave che,

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caturtha paricheda ] mahAgya 325 che. badhA e dhAra pAsenA khUNuM medAnamAMja uparathI samajAya ke tyAM I. sa. 300nI AsapAsamAM yAtrALuo AvIne bhegA thAya che. e sthAne mAtra kAMIka krAMtikAraka pheraphAra thaye haze (5) je matie ekaja pASANumAMthI kerI kADhela*7 eka ucca hAla tyAM birAjamAna che. te 3. rAjendralAla ane suzobhita staMbha8 ubhelo che. A pachI mitra jevA taTastha ane purAtattva vizAradanA mata vibhavanamAM birAjamAna karAyelI jagannAthajInI pramANe baddhadharmIonI hovA saMbhava che. (6) temaja mUrtinuM varNana kareluM che. te bAda maMdiranA aMta, A stUpa ane maMdira paNa orissAnA anya bhaMganuM varNana karatAM jaNAve che ke, devabhavanamAM guphA maMdiranI peThe baiddhadharmanAM ( jaina dharmanAM?) aMdhakAranI eTalI badhI prabaLatA vyApelI hoya che hoya ema keTalAka aitihAsika vidvAnono mata che. ke, khare bapore paNa dIpakanI sahAyatA vinA aMta- upara pramANe jagannAthajInA maMdirane lagatI hakIbhaMganI koI paNa vastu daSTigocara thatI nathI.49 ane katanI ApaNe noMdha lIdhI. have TIkA naM. 73 ane 37mAM chevaTe 4. rAjendralAlamitre enTIkavITIjha eka erIsA darzAvela bhuvanezvaranA maMdirane lagatI hakIkatanuM varNana nAme pite racelA pustakamAM A mUrtionuM avalokana ApIzuM. uttara hiMdamAMthI pragaTa thatA prakhyAta kalyANa" karatAM je jaNAvyuM che "50 te maMdira buddhanuM devuM mAsikane khAsa aMka saM. 1990 zrAvaNa; bhAga 8. joie. " teno ullekha karyo che. ATaluM lakhIne lekhaka aMka 1 zivAMka tarIke je bahAra paDe che temAM pR. mahAzaye mUrti vizenuM varNana khatama karela che. upara 570 thI te vistRtadhikAra ApavAmAM AvyA che. TAMkela sarva avataraNa uparathI phalitArtha e nIkaLe vAMcchuka varge te jovA vinaMti che. atre te ApaNI vicAche ke (1) rAjadhAnInI pazcime je parvato AvelA raNane upayogI thAya teTale bhAga ja utArIzuM. che te udayagiri ane kheDagirinA nAme jANItA che "sTezanathI bhuvanezvarakA sthAna karIba pAMca maila. (2) A parvata magadhanI pAsenA paMcapahADanA nAme bhuvanezvarakA prAcIna nAma " akAmUkAnana" he bhuvaneoLakhAtI girizuMkhalAnI laMbAyelI hAramALAnA zvara uDIke kesarInAmaka prasiddha rAjavaMzI rAjaaMga che (3) vizvamaMdirane coka, aMdaranA gaDhanAM dhAnI rahI cukA hai ...kahA jAtA hai, kisi samaya ke vidhavidha devane arpaNa karAyelAM maMdira tathA ceka- AsapAsa kamasekama sAta hajAra maMdira the kezarI mAMno mAnastaMbha vigere sarva bAMdhakAma, vaidika matanAM vaMzake Adima rAjA jAti kesarIne sana 180 gaNAya che; paraMtu aitihAsika avalekananA aMge te I. meM Ise (bhuvanezvarakA maMdira) banavAnA prAraMbha bauda-jaina maMdirane maLatA AvatA hoIne temane kiyA thA. maMdira ke cAre ora sA mAre sAta kuTa uMcI bauddha maMdira tarIke gaNAve che. (4) AkhyAyikA ekameTI pattharakI dIvAra hai. je para0 phITa lAMbI (7) samrATa priyadazine aneka staMbhe je ubhA karAvyA jarUra rahe che ke AvI sthiti nIpajAvavI paDe che ! ulaTuM che te paNa monolithic=eka pASANumAMthI banAvAyA anubhava che ema jaNAve che ke dareka dharmavALA ISTa hovAnuM gaNAvAya che. (te varNana priyadarzinanA vRttAte ApyuM devanuM-mukhAraviMdanuM darzana peTabharIne karI zakAya te mATe che te sAthe sarakhA) (zuM A prastuta staMbha paNa te ja kudaratI prakAza jema bane tema vadhAre AvavA de che eTaluM ja samayanI banAvaTane haro ke ?) nahi paraMtu jarUra paDatAM kRtrima prakAza paNa devamukha upara (48) dakSiNa hiMdamAM jaina bastionA prAMgaNamAM mAna pheMkavAnI geThavaNa karI hoya che. staMbha ubhA karavAmAM Ave che. A viziSTatA kevaLa jaina (50) jue uparanI TI. naM. 39; jagannAthanI mUrti maMdiranI ja che ema kahevAyuM che. ane bhAratanuM bhaviSya pustakamAM pR. 117 paMkti 2. (49) devabhavanamAM jyAM mUrtinAM darzana karavAnA heAya (51) eTale A samaya pahelAM te maMdiranI kAMIka tyAM ATaluM badhuM aMdhakAramaya vAtAvaraNuM zA mATe sarajAvA anya prakAre sthiti hatI ema A upathI samajI haze te samajI zakAtuM nathI. zuM kAMI gupta bheda sAcavavAnI zakAya che.

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326 te mUrtinuM aura 600 phITa cauDI hai| Isa dIvAra ke aMdara bhinna bhinna devatAoke choTe meTe se| maMdira hai aura usake khIcame bhagavAna bhuvanezvarakA maMdira hai / maMdirakA pradhAna dvAranI ThIka sAme arUNu staMbha nAmakA eka khaDA suMdara staMbha hai| bhagavAna bhuvanezvA liMgavigraha khaDA vizAla haiM| usakA vyAsa karIba 8 phuTakA hai| uMcAi nI karIba utanI hI hai |ItanA uMcA zivalIMga zAyadahI kahIM dekhane kaiA (na)12 milegA liMgakI AkRti bhI kuSTha vicitra sI hI hai / vahu eka pASANa sta bha-sA dikhAyI detA hai / usameM tIna vibhAgase najara Ate hai, jo saMbhavataH brahmA, viSNu evaM zivake dhAtaka OM / jagadIzakI ( jagannAthapurInI peThe ) taraha yAM bhI leAga ti-pAtikA bheda cheDakara kaccI raseAIkA prasAda pA lete haiM '' / A pramANenA varNanathI mAlUma thAya che ke, A bhuvanezvaranuM ane zrI vizvamaMdiranuM varNana, mAMdhaNInI khArata, mahimA, mUrtinuM svarUpa che. i. sarakhAM che; je phera che te mAtra cekanA kSetraphaLanA ane sthAnaneA. eTale ApaNe mAnI zakIe ke te banne ekaja paMthanA pratIka che. A banne prasiddha ane pavitra tIrthadhAma vizenuM ATaluM varNana ApIne have te vize purAtattva vizAradeAnuM zuM matathya thayeluM che te jaNAvIe eTale ApaNane te uparathI sarakhAmaNI karavAnuM saheluM thaI paDaze, bhArahuta stUpa nAme oLakhAtA TApa vize eka, temaja sAMcI-sA pradezamAM je aneka stUpA AvelA che te vize eka, ema maLI e svataMtra pustakA janarala kaniMgahAme57 lakhela che. A banne ThekANe ubhA karAyelA stUpA bauddha dharmanA atyAre mAnavAmAM Ave che. anne sthAnanAMpa4 zilpakAmamAM triratna nAme oLakhAtAM dharmacihno che. te vizenuM (52) atra keMsamAM na zabda ame mUkyA che. saMbhava che ke, mULa hakIktamAM prIDaranI rAratacUkathI rahI gayA che. (53) A pustaka jyAre temaNe lakhelAM tyAre temane 'sara'ne IlkAba maLyA nahetA tethI janarala kaniMgahAmanA sAmAnya nAmathI te samaye . eLakhAtA hatA. (54) purAtattvamAM rasa letA savinA A hakIkta [ dazama khaMDa peAtAnuM maMtavya AlekhavA jatAM, jagannAthapurInA maMdiramAMnI mukhya mUrtinA svarUpanI AkRti, je sAMcInA pradezamAM paNa temanI najare paDI chepapa, te saMbaMdhI pote je anumAna upara AvyA che, te paNu temaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM che. temanA peAtAnA zabdo A pramANe che56--Considerable interest attaches to this symbol of the Tri-ratna as there can be no reasonable doubt that the three rude figures of Jagannath and his sister and brother, now worshipped with so much fervour in Orissa, have been directly derived from three of these symbols. I was first led to this opinion in 1851 by the discovery of these symbols, set up together in one of the Sanchi sculptures...I may add that the Jagannath figure in Orissa is universally believed to contain a bone of Krisna; but as Brahmins do not worship the relics of their gods, I conclude that this bone must be a relic of Buddha and that the rude figure of Jagannath in which it is contained, is one of the old Tri-ratnas or Triple-gem symbols of the Buddhist Triad. The able reviewer of Mr. Fergusson's Tree-and Serpant worship (Mr. Healy in the Calcutta Review) remarks that one of General Cunningham's happiest hits jANe che chatAM atra tenA ullekha karavAnA hetu e che ke, A bAbatamAM abhiprAya uccAravAne tee eka sattA samAna lekhAya che. (55) dhI bhiMsATArA pustakane aMte joDela pleInTasa na'. 32 mAM AkRti na. 22-23 bru. (56) bhAradbhuta stUpa pustakamAM pR. 111-112.

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caturtha pariccheda ] in his derivation of the three fettishlike figures of Jagannath and his sister and his brother, from three of the combined emblems of the Buddhist Trinity, placed side by side as at Sanchi The resemblance he adds is rude but unmistakable. triratnanA cinhane ati mahattva ApavuM rahe che; kemake jagannAthajI. temanI bahena ane bhAInI je traNa aNadhaDa mUrtienI pUjA erissAmAM ghaNIja AturatAthI karavAmAM Ave che temanA udbhava sIdhI rIte A sAMketika cihnomAMthI thayAnuM vAstavika rIte saMdeharahita che (niHsaMdeha che). sAMcI (rastUpa)nAM aneka dRzyAmAMnAM ekamAM17 A traNe cihno eka sAthe kAtarelAM mArI najare 1851mAM prathama paDayA, tyArathI mArA mata A pramANe baMdhAyeA che...vizeSamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke,58 sarvatra evuM mAnavAmAM Ave che ke jagannAthajInI mUrtimAM zrIkRSNanuM eka asthi raheluM che. paraMtu brAhmaNA peAtAnA devAnAM avazeSanI pUjA karatA na hAvAthI19 mArUM maMtavya mahAtmya (57) A uparathI ema teA dekhAya cheja ke, sAMcI stUpa ane jagannAthapurInI mUrtie vacce kAIka sAmAnya aza' hevA joIe. (A hakIktane nIcenI TIkA naM. 58 sAthe sarakhAvavAthI mAlama paDaze ke te vaidinI nathI tema naM. 59 sAthe sarakhAvavAthI mAlama paDaze ke te mauddhanI nathI: te| pachI bAkI jaina dharmanI te che ema svata; siddha thaze ), 327 "6 evuM thAya che ke, A asthi teA buddhanuM avazeSa hAvuM joIe; teTalA mATe je jagannAthajInI kheDALa mUrtimAM61 tene sAcavI rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che te paNa bauddha dharmanA samuddatrayImAMnAM62 triratneAmAMnAM prAcIna traNa javAhIramAMnuM ekAda hAvuM jeie. mi. pharagyusana kRta vRkSa ane nAgapUjA nAmanA pustakanA samartha vivecake-kalakattA rIvyu patramAM mi. hIlIe-neAMdha karI che ke, aiAddhadharmanA samRddhatrayInAM ekatrita cinhAne, jema sAMcomAM kekanI paDakhe mUkavAM che tema jagannAtha, temanI bahena ane bhAnI camatkArika traNe AkRtienI utpatti pazu devI joie evI janarala kaniMgaDhAme karelI sUcanA ati sukhadAyI-AvakAradAyaka che. vaLI te umere che ke, je sAmyatA che -muhanA ratnatrayInI ane mUrtinI AkRtinI-te bhale meDALa-aNadhaDa che paNa acUka-bhUlamAM na cAlI jAya tevI che. '' eTale ke kaniMgahAma jevA saMzAdhaka ane purAtattva vizAradA mata ema che ke (1) jagannAthapurImAM je traNa mUrti zrI kRSNa, temanA bhAI baLarAma tathA bahena subhadrAnI che tenI bhItaramAM (58) ja. e'. e. sA. pu. 18. pR. 97. (59) ulaTA teo tA, asthine aDakavAthI abhaDAya che ane zuddhine mATe snAnanI AvazyaktA anivAOpaNe svIkAre che eTale A prastuta avazeSane brAhmaNa dha sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvAtuM mAnI zakAya nahi; jyAre jaineAmAM peAtAnA tIrthaMkara gaNAtA AtmAonAM asthi, dADhAe I ne pUjya mAnIne, zakrAdi devatAe paNa temane peAtAnI devasabhAmAM padharAve che tathA bhakti mATe harahaMmeza vaMdana ane namaskAra kare che (jIe kalpa, sU. su. TIkA). (60) bauddha dharmamAM paNa asthi vagere avazeSone pUjanIka gaNe che. eTale ke (jIe uparanI TIkA naM. 58) A avazeSo kAM jainonA hAya ne kAM teA bauddhonAM hAya. paNa khauddhonA haiAvA saMbhava nathI kAraNa mATe nruA AgaLa upara TIkA na', 57 je samaye brAhmaNadhamanI eTale vaidika temaja zaiva dharmAMnI caDatI kaLA hatI te samaye tenA anuyAyIoe dharmAdhapaNAne laine AvezamAM ne AvezamAM keTalAMye jaina madirAnA nAza karI nAMkhyA che tema keTalAkanuM parivartana paNa karI nAkhyuM che. madinuM parivartana karI, aMdaranI mUrtionAM svarUpe pheravI nAMkhyAnuM paNa have te aneka zeAdhakheALe uparathI pUravAra thayeluM tathA aitihAsika satya tarIke samajAyaluM che (vaLI jue nIcenI TI. 61). (65) uparanI TIkA nA 60 jIe jemAM mUrti enA parivartana samadhI ullekha karela che. mUrtine kheDeALa karI nakhAi che ema te| A taTastha vidrAnanu paNa kathana thAya chaeNja kemake triratnanA dekhAva kyAM ? ane A mUrtino dekhAva kayAM ? A mUrtinA dekhAvaja kahI Ape che ke, temAM ghaNeA ja kAlpanika pheraphAra karAyA che. (62) A khAkhatanI vizeSa hakIkata mATe jIe 'bhIpsATApsa 'pustake pR. 3pa8-9, pArI. 10-11.

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38 TAMkelAM vivecananI [ dazama khaMDa temanA vidyamAnapaNAnAM zarIranA koI asthine aMza uparanA pArigrAphamAM A mUrtinA mahAmya vize jALavI rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. (2) A mUrtione bhinna bhinna sthaLethI je vicAre darzAvavAmAM AvyA. vaidika dharmAnuyAyIo, (brAhmaNa hoya ke vaiSNo hoya) che tenAM avataraNe TAMkI TAMkIne ati pavitra mAne che. (3) vizeSamAM e che ke, vaidika TAMkelA viveca- te uparathI sArarUpe ApaNe keTalAka dharmavALAo te mUrtio potAnI hovAne je ke dAvo tenI guMthaNI muddAo tAravI kADhayA che; jemake kare che, paNa teo asthine pavitra mAnatA nathI; aDa. | pR. 323 uparanA traNa ane pR.325 katAM abhaDAya che jayAre A mUrtinI aMdara to uparanA cha maLI ekaMdara nava; te vaidikamayatAnuyAyI asthi saMrakSita rAkheluM mAnavAmAM Ave che. (4) A samartha vivecakakAranA kathana uparathI tAravI kADhelA mRtione vikRta banAvI tyAM sthApana karavAmAM AvI che. uparAMta 327 ane A pR8 upara je sAta muddAo che. (5) temanAM bAhya liMga jotAM bauddha dharmanAM lAkSa jaNAvavAmAM AvyA che te, saMzodhananA viSayamAM vizArada Nika cinho je triratnane nAme oLakhAya che temane gaNAya tevA be traNa-yuropIya vidvAna jevA tane susaMgata ane acUka rIte maLatAM Ave che (6) vaLI taTastha gaNI zakAya tevA-niSNutajanonA kathana AvI ja rIte tri-mUrtinuM eka trika, sAMcI stUpavALA uparathI tarI nIkaLatA mAluma paDyA che. ekaMdare pradezamAM paNa maLI AvyuM che-eTale ke sAMcI stUpa 7=16 adAo thayA. uparAMta, pArigrAphanI zarUane jagannAthapurInAM tIrthasthAne ekaja dharmanAM saMbhave AtamAM jaina dharmanI keTalI mAnyatAo jene Itiche (7) sAMcInuM sthaLa vidvAnoe atyAre bauddha hAsane Take che tevI varNavI batAvI che. ATalI dharmanuM mAnyuM che tethI jagannAthapurInuM tIrtha paNa, sAmagrI ApaNI pAse mojuda paDI che. have tenA bauddhadharmane hovA saMbhava che. A prakAranI mAnyatAne upara vicAra karatAM koI nirNaya bAMdhI zakAtA hoya samarthana maLe tevA samAcAra paNa maLe che ke sara jemsa to bAMdhIe. pharagyusana nAmanA vidvAne "vRkSa ane nAgapUjA' ApaNI pAse tapAsa hAtha dharavA mATe sAmagrI nAmanuM eka pustaka racyuM che tenI samAlocanA letAM te ghaNI AvI paDI che. paraMtu tenI goThavaNI barAmi. hIlIe bhArapUrvaka sara kaniMgahAmanI sUcanAne bara na karAya, tyAM sudhI AgaLa vadhavAmAM ghaNI muzkeke A che; eTaluM ja nahi paNa vizeSamAM pitAne lIo paDe tema che; ekalI vigato uparathI ja bhale abhiprAya darzAvyo che, ke triratna ane mUrtinI bAhya badhAM anumAna karavAmAM AvyAM hoya, paraMtu te anusvarUpanI sAdazatA bhale jarA beDoLa lAge che, paraMtu mAnane AgaLa pAchaLanI aitihAsika paristhitithI te zrama-bhUla upara racAyelI che. bAkI sAdasyatA samarthana maLI jatuM hoya, to temane anumAnanI kaTimAMthI che te niHsaMdeha che. upADIne nirNayanI TimAM mUkavA jevAM kahevAya kharAM. ( A pramANe vidvAna mahAzayo, jeo adyApi chatAM te banAvonI hakIkatone kevaLa meLa khAtI ja paryata potapotAnA viSayamAM niSNAta ane eka jaNAvIne besI rahevAya, te ghaNI vakhata te nirNaya sattA samAna lekhAtA AvyA che, temanA ane te paNa uthalAI javAnI bIka rahe che. te mATe te vigatene eka nahIM, paraMtu be traNa traNa (sara kaniMgahAma, kALadarzaka AMkathI majabUta banAvavAnI jarUra rahe che. mi. hIlI ane UM. rAjendralAla mitra) jamunA- eTale uttamamAM uttama ane tadana nirbhaya mArge e abhiprAyo jyAre sahamata thatA jAya che. tyAre A kahevAze, ke badhI aitihAsika vigatone samayano oke , vicAro taddana hasIne kADhI na nAMkhatAM, vizeSa nahIM sAthe guMthIne, temane anukramavAra goThavI batAvavI to karI karIne bArIka kasoTIe temane kasI jovAnI joIe. te niyamAnusAra ApaNe kAma levuM paDaze. ApaNI eka anivArya pharaja thaI paDe che. jethI karIne upara darzAvelA soLa muddAne sAra, samaya

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caturtha pariccheda ] gUMthaNI 329 paratvene ane vigata paratvene, ema be vibhAge mUrtionI vigatemAMthI nIkaLatA sArano vicAra karI ApaNe prathama vaheMcI nAMkhavo rahe che. samaya paratve laie. mUrtio zrIkRSNa, temanA bhAI baLarAmajI, vicAratAM sAra e nIkaLe che ke, jagannAthajInuM tathA bahena subhadrAjInI che. mUrtionuM svarUpa ane maMdira je svarUpamAM sAMprata kALe ubhuM che, te svarUpe sthAna uparanI goThavaNI jotAM, bauddhadharmanA triratnane prAcIna samaye nahotuM ja. saMbhava che ke tenA upara te maLatAM Ave che eTale saMbhava che ke te mULe bauddha aneka samaye dharmakrAMtinA oLA prasarI rahyA haze. dharmanI paNa hoya. te anumAnane e vicArathI temAM jyAre judA judA samaye te maMdiranI sthiti samarthana maLe che ke, mUrtinI bhItaramAM asthinI sthApanA darzAvAI che, tyAre ApaNane te uparathI kAMIka nirNaya thayela che. A hakIkata jagajAhera che. vaLI bIjI bAju bAMdhavAne kAraNe avakAza maLI rahe che. eka mudo vaidika matAnuyAyIo asthino sparza ja apavitra gaNAve ema jAhera thayo che ke te sthaLe aneka maMdiro hatAM; che eTale tene aDakavAthI snAna karavAnI AvazyakatA paraMtu I. sa. 300nI AsapAsa teone nAza thaI mAne che. AthI te pUjanIka to gaNeja zI rIte ?' gayA hatA. te bAda vaLI keAI mAlavapatie tyAM eka mATe te vaidika dharmanA siddhAMtanIja virUddha che; jethI. maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM, jeno nAza kayAre thayo te kahI mUrtione vaidika dharma sAthe saMbaMdha zaMkAspada che. zakAtuM nathI. tema teno nAza karanAra kaI rAjasattA mUrtio beDoLa che temaja aMdhakAramaya oraDAmAM hatI ke naisargika banAvane lIdhe teno nAza thaI gayo padharAvela che. te mUrtionA camatkAra vize aneka hatA te paNa aMdhakAramAM ja rahyuM che. paraMtu eTaluM prakAranI AkhyAyikAo tathA daMtakathA pracalita che. kharuM ke, I. sa. 580mAM jyAre te pradeza upara tyAM mahAprasAda dharAvAya che je sarva yAtrike sthAna, yayAti kezarI nAme rAjAno amala cAlatuM hatuM, te jAti ke varNanA koI paNa prakAranA bhedabhAva sivAya samaye tenAM avazeSa upara eka maMdira bahuja moTA saharSa Aroge che ane tema karI pitAne pAvana thayela pA-moTuM kharca karIne baMdhAvavAno teNe IrAdo samaje che. ATaluM khuda mUrtionA saMbaMdhamAM jaNAyuM sevyo hato; ane te pramANe kAma AraMbhAyuM paNa che. have maMdiranI racanA saMbaMdhImAM, je jaNAyuM che te hatuM. paraMtu lagabhaga 75 varSe-eTale tenI pachI cothI vicArIe. mukhya maMdira eka vizALa cokamAM che; te peDhIe thanAra rAjAe te saMpUrNa karAvyuM hatuM. A ImA- cokane karato bIje keTa che. mukhya maMdiranA pravezaratana tathA tenI sAthe ubhAM karela aneka maMdiranA dvAra pAse ekaja pattharamAMthI banAvela meTa staMbha che, nAza karIne paNa karI naMkhAyo hate. kayAre te jaNAvAyuM A pramANenI maMdiranI racanA jagannAthapUrInA sthaLethI nathI. paraMtu I. sa. 1198mAM kaI anaMga bhImadeva thoDe dUra Avela bhuvanezvara tIrthamAM paNa lagabhaga eka nAmanA rAjAe te bAbata mane upara lIdhI ane sarakhI rItanI jovAmAM Ave che. je mukhya taphAvata karIne tene punarUddhAra karAvyo. vartamAna maMdira che tyAM najare paDe che te mUrtinA saMbaMdhamAM ja dekhAya che, tyAM ApaNe nihALI rahyA chIe te moTA bhAge tenA pUrInA jevI camatkArIka mUrti nathI. paraMtu anya samayane ja namuno jaLavAI rahyo che ema gaNavuM zivaliMga bIrAjamAna karAyelAM che. ' paDe che. ke vaccagALe keTalIka Aphato tene zIre have jo samaya ane vigate ne lagatI A hakIkatAne AvI paDI che. chatAM chello saMskAra je rAjA bhIma- paraspara gaMthI daIzuM to teno saLaMga ItihAsa deve tenA upara sIMce che, te jemane tema sacavAI A pramANe banaze-mULe mUrtio bauddhadharmane lagatI rahyoja che. ATalI hakIkata te sAthe joDAyelA samaya hatI kemake tenAM lAkSaNika cinha bauddhanA triratnane paratvenI che ema samajAya che. maLatAM Ave che. je maMdiramAM te padharAvavAmAM AvI have te maMdiranA dekhAva temaja tenI aMdaranI hatI tene nAza lagabhaga I. sa. 300nA arasAmAM

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330 TakelAM vivecananI [ dazama khaMDa tho hatA. vaLI A samaya je vAstavika hoya te pR. 178). tevI ja rIte A guptavaMzIoe jyAre te banAva guptavaMzI samrATanA vakhatamAM banyo hato ema caThaNuvaMzIo pAsethI arvatinuM rAjya laI lIdhuM kahI zakAya; kemake hiMdustAnamAM AvI dhArmika tyAre paNa teonA jainadharmane lagatAM smArako avaMti ane samaye thavA pAmI che. konA konA pradezamAMthI temaNe nAbuda karavA mAMDayAM hatAM. temane potAnA samaye tevI dhamakAtio banavA pAmI hatI teno sAmrAjyamAM jyAM jyAM teonuM cAlyuM tyAM tyAM temaNe itihAsa je jamavAra zodhavAmAM Ave te aneka pUrvanI dhArmika saMsthAone palaTo. pitAnA vaidika nUtana atihAsika tane bahAra nIkaLI paDe tema che. dharmanA pracAra arthe karavA mAMDayo hato. dakSiNa bAkI te sara jona barDavuDa pitAno mata ApatAM hiMdamAM AnA purAvA aneka maLe che. te pramANe pUrva jaNAve che ke 13 "bhAratavaSama chatanI dhArmika aura hiMdamAM paNa temanAM pagalAMne pratApa pharI vaLyo hoya rAjanItika-krAMtiyAM huI hai, itanI saMsAra ke anya te na mAnavA jevuM nathI. matalaba e thaI ke i. sa. kisi dezameM nahIM I" A pramANe je aneka dhama- 300nI AsapAsa je dharmakrAntine lIdhe A sthAnanA matio bharatakhaMDamAM thavA pAmI hatI temAMnI eka mULamaMdirano nAza thaI gayAnuM sUcana thayuM che. te mauryavaMzanI samApti thatAM zuMgavaMzanA amale, tenA uparamAM varNavelI guptavaMzI samrATanA samaye temaNe vaidika matAnuyAyI bhUpatioe AdarI hatI; jemanAM AdarelI pravRttinA kAraNarUpa samajI levI. vRttatimAM ApaNe joIzakayA chIe ke anyamatanA akeka te bAda koI mAlavapatane tyAM maMdira baMdhAvyuM bhikSukane zira mATe rAjA agnimitra-kakie so so hatuM. I. sa. 580 nA arasAmAM yayAtikezarI rAjA dInAranuM inAma jAhera karyuM hatuM. tevI ja rIte eka thayo4 te pUrve; tene paNa nAza thaI gayo hato te bIjI dhamakAnti avaMtipati guptavaMzIonA pAdagamana vAkayane ukela barAbara karI zakAtuM nathI. kemake molathavA mAMDayAM tyAre AraMbhAI hatI; temaja temanA sattA- vapati zabda, bhAratIya ItihAsamAM I. sa. 537 mAM kALa daramyAna te cAlu rahI hatI. tenA purAvAmAM temaNe jyArathI agnikutriya rAjapUtonI cAra zAkhA uddabhavI je rastethI prathama (uttara hiMdanA videha prAMta-mithilA tyArathIja vaparAzamAM Avyo hoya ema sAmAnya rIte nagarI ane saMyukta prAMte surasena-mathurAvALA bhAga- samajAya che; ane i. sa. 533 thI 580 sudhImAM A mAMthI) hiMdamAM praveza karyo tyAMthI mAMDIne je je mulako kaliMgapradezIya bhUmi upara kaI avaMtipati mAlavajItatA gayA, tyAM tyAM pitAno pazupatidharma dAkhala patinuM 5 jera jAmavA pAmyuM hatuM ke kema, te karatA gayA hatA. eTale ja mathurApati kuzanavaMzI nakkI thayuM nathI. paraMtu jo teomAMnA koI pradeza vAsudeva pahelAne tathA tenA vaMzajone pitAnA vaMzano uparanuM svAmitva meLavavA bhAgyazALI te thayo jainadharma choDI devo paDaye hato ( juo uparamAM hoya, to te paNa mukhya bhAge jana dharma pALatA (63) maurya sAmrA. iti, pR. 208. prajAno je rAjA hoya te "mAlavapati' kahI na zakAya. (64) je ke (juo pR. 324 upara kalyANa mAsikanA tema te prajAnuM rAjya thavA pAmyuM hoya evuM kayAMya ItizivAM 1990nAM avataraNe) A varNana bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranuM hAsamAM noMdhAyuM nathI eTale te prazna vicAravo raheto nathI. che paNa bhavanezvara ane jagannAthapurInA maMdira vaccenuM (16) juo temanI nAmAvaLI mATe pu. 15. 187nI aMtara mAtra 5-10 mAilanuM ja che eTale baMne pradezane vaMzAvaLI. A samaye tyAM yazodharmana urphe vikramAditya ane svAmI ekaja hoya ema mAnIne ahIM sthiti varNavI che. vaLI vRddha bhejadevanuM rAjaya hatuM. vaidika matavALA ema mAne che ke tebane maMdiranI racanA eka ja prakAranI che tethI saMbhavita che. A rAjAo temanA dharmavALA hatA jyAre jene mAne che baMnenuM nirmANa paNa kadAca lagabhaga eka samaye ja thayuM hoya. ke temanA matAnuyAyI teo hatA. paraMtu te samayanA anya (65) mAlavA nAmanI eka prajA satalaja nadInA Asa- paradezI rAjavIone dharma jotAM, vizeSa saMbhava teo jainapAsanA pradezamAM vasatI hatI ema jaNAyuM che paNa te dhamAM hovAne thAya che.

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caturtha pariccheda ]. gUMthaNI 331 hovAthI, teNe pelA guptavaMzIoe karela kArya upara ApaNe mAnavAnuM tema kAraNa maLe che ke temaNe te pAchuM pANI pheravI vALyuM hoya e banavAjoga che. baMdhAvyuM haze. je teNeja baMdhAvyuM kare che, athavA bIjI eka sthiti ema saMbhavita che ke, A baMdhAvela maMdirane vinAza rAjasattAnA je samaye paNa, mairya samrATa azokamAMthI tenA pitra kezari rAjAoe karAvyo hato ema mAnavuM raheze. dazaratha ane zAlizukathI nIkaLela zAkhA je (juo pu. A kezari rAjAonA samaya bAda I. sa. 8mI 2. p. 29thI pariziSTa 4) magadha upara rAjya calAvI sadInA prAraMbhamAM vaLI bIjI eka dharmakrAnti AvI rahI hatI ane jemAMnA eka zazAMka rAjAnuM astitva hatI. A samayanI kAnti kAMIka vadhAre baLavattara hatI. I. sa. 7 saikAnI AdimAM jaNAvAyuM che, te magadhapati te samaye vedAMta dharmanA mahAna pravartaka zrI Adya zaMkarArAjAonI sattAmAM te pradeza hoya ane temaNe paNa cAryano uddabhava thaI cUkayo hate temaNe vaidika dharmane A maMdiranA sarjanamAM thoDeghaNo hiraso purAvyo pracAra paNa bahu acchI rIte karavA mAMDyo hato. A heya; athavA 580mAM yayAti kezarInuM vRttAMta bhuvane- samaye mAlavAnI gAdI upara 8 devazakti nAme rAjA zvarane lagatuM che paraMtu jagannAthapurInA maMdira ne lagatuM hatuM; (tenA nAma uparathI dekhAya che ke te atula nathI. vaLI te sthAne maMdira te I. sa. 1194mAM parAkramI haze ane tethI teNe kadAca vikramAditya nAsa anaMga bhImadeve baMdhAvyuM che jethI te sthAne I. sa. paNa dhAraNa karyuM haze). tenA samakAlIna tarIke gvAli300 thI 1198 vaccenA samaye kaI mAlavapatie yaranI gAdI u5ra yazodharmanA nAme rAjA hato. maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema artha nIkaLe che. game tema hoya A paNa ati parAkramI hovAthI vikramAditya nAme paNuM AvI anizcita sthitimAM ApaNe bhArapUrvaka oLakhAtuM hatuM. temanA rAjyakALe vAkapatirAja jaNAvI nathI zakatA ke guptavaMzI samrATe te maMdiranA nAmanA mahAna vaidika paMDita thaI gayA che. te gvAliyara nAza karyA pachI kayA mAlavapatie athavA kayA rAjyanA eka bhUSaNarUpa gaNutA hatA. gADahAnuM je bIjAe tene punarAhAra karyo hato ? athavA te pustaka racAyuM che te A vAkapatirAja ane yazAdhanane lekhakanuM vaktavya paNa kadAca yukitapUrvaka goThavAyuM heya. AzrayIne lakhAyeluM che. A yazodharmananA samaye jena paraMtu eTaluM kharuM che ke yayAti rAjAnA hAthamAM te saMpradAyanA tevAja eka prakhara AcArya bappabhaTTasUri pradezanI lagAma AvI ke teNe bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranA hatA. A vAkapatirAjane ane bappabhaTTasUrine vAda sthAna upara navIna svarUpamAM bIjuM baMdhAvA mAMDayuM hatuM. thayo hato jenA pariNAme vAkapatirAje jaina dharma teNe ghaNuM dravya te madira upara kharacyuM che. tenI pachI aMgIkAra karyo hato (juo pu. 3. pR. 262). tema lagabhaga 75 varSe trIjI peDhIe thayela tenA vaMza je- uparokta vaidika matavALA AcAryoe pitAne prabhAva te pUrNa karyuM che. jema A bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira kezarI vaMzI paNa anya rAjAo upara pADayo hate. matalaba ke te rAjAoe baMdhAvyuM che tema jagannAthajInuM maMdira paNa samaye hiMdabharamAM dharmakrAMtinuM eka jabaradasta me temaNe baMdhAvyuM ke kema? (juo TIkA naM. 60) te je ke pharI vaLyuM hatuM. eTale te vakhatamAM A sthAna vaidika nakkI nathI kahI zakAtuM, paraMtu atihAsika paristhitithI dharmAnuyAyIonI bhAvanAne vizeSa SituM thaI paDela (17) zaMkarAcAryajIne samaya A pramANe batAvAya che. ekAe thayA hatA. janma I. sa. 788=vi. saM. 844; bhavabhUti I. sa. 190-750 Azare maraNa I. sa. 820=vi. saM. 876; 2 varSa 32 vAkapatirAja paNa te ja samaye Azare A samaye kumAlibhadra, temanA banevI maMDana mizra (68) juo pu. 1 pR. 187mAM Apela vaMzAvaLI. tathA gAvIdAsa ItyAdi, vedAMtadhamI mahAsamartha vAdIo- (19) A mATe 5.87mAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI e,

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332 TAMkelAM vivecananI [ dazama khaMDa hovuM joIe ane tenI jAhojalAlI tathA prakhyAtI vidha kAraNothI, upara darzAvela nirNayane majabUtI anukrame dina para dina vadhatI javA mAMDI haze. te maLatI jAya che. bAda vaLI kadAca thoDAM varSa-musalamIna amala vakhate- have jyAre siddha thaI cUkyuM che ke, I. sa. 300nI tene thoDI ghaNI japhA pahoMcI hoya ke na pahoMcI AsapAsa teno nAza thaI gayo hato ane mULa mUrti hoya. ema karatAM bAramI sadImAM je maMdira rAjA boddha dharmanI hovA saMbhava che tyAre te vize vaLI anya anaMga bhImadeve baMdhAvyuM te thoDA ghaNA pheraphAra sAthe kAMI prakAza paDe che ke kema te joI laIe. te vartamAnakALa sudhI emane ema cAlyuM AvyuM che. vAtano patto levA mATe A sthAna upara kyA kayA eTale AkhI carcAno sAra e che ke, je vastu- dharmavALA rAjAnI sattA I. sa. 300 sudhI thavA pAmI sthiti 3*6=9 mudAmAM, samaya paratve jaNAvI gayA che teno abhyAsa karavo joIe. chIe tene ItihAsane Take che eTale te satya Thare I. sa. pU. 475 thI 372 = 103 varSa edivezanI; che; ane tethI A maMdira saMbaMdhI temAM varNavelI kSemarAjathI mAMDIne te vaMzanA aMta sudhI. sthiti, je mULamAM te maMdira bauddha dharmanuM hovuM joIe I. sa. pU. 372 thI 204=168 varSa mAryavaMzI tathA tene nAza I. sa. 300 AsapAsamAM thayo samrATonI; caMdraguptathI mAMDIne te vaMzanA aMta sudhI. hevo joIe; te vastu ApaNI tapAsanA pAyA I. sa. pU. 204 thI I. sa. 300=500 varSa tarIke svIkAravI rahe che. uparanA nirNayane bIjI rIte uparAMtanI aMdhrapationI mukhyatAe tathA nAnAM paNa pAchuM samarthana maLe che. kemake asthine vaidika nAnAM anya svataMtra rAjavIonI. matavALA te apavitraja mAne che ane eTaluM to uparanI rAjasattAonI hakIkata tapAsatAM mAlUma sarvamAnya che ke, mUrtinI bhItaramAM zrIkRSNanuM asthi paDaze ke, Akho caMdavaMza jena dhamAM hatA. Akho che ja; ane te uparathI ja vaidika matavALAo te matine moyevaMza-vacce azekavardhananA 41 varSanA amala pitAnI hovAno dAva AgaLa dhare che. je te asthi sivAya-jainadharmI hatuM ane aMdhrapatiomAM truTakapaNe na hota temaja kRSNa-baLabhadra ke subhadrAnI mUrti na jaina tathA vaidika dharmane prasAra thayo hato. ApaNe hata te teo cUpa ja besI raheta. atre vaidika matano vicAra karavo te varjita karyo che vaLI bIjI be traNa bInA paNa, vaidika matanI eTale baiddha dharma ane jaina dharmane ja rahe che. mAlikI karAvavAnI virUddha jatI dekhAya che. vaidika matamAM temAM bauddha dharmanI te mUrti hovAnI zaMkA thaI che mATe sparyApasyane bahu moTuM mahattva apAyuM che jyAre tenIja tapAsa levI rahe che. ane te na sAbita ahIM vaheMcAtA mahAprasAdanI prathA che tethI ulaTuM ja thAya to pachI tene jaina dharmanIja mAnavI paDaze. bhAna karAve che kemake sarve yAtrikA pitAnAM jJAti, varga. baiddha dharmanI TharAvavA mATe samrATa azokavardhananA dhama ke sAmAjIka baMdhananI paravA karyA vinA tene saharSa samayanIja vicAraNA karavI rahe che je temanA samaye ArogI zake che. bIjuM ema che ke aMdhakAramaya deva- kaI dharmakrAti thayAnuM maLI Ave che ke kema temanuM bhUvanamAM divasanA bhAgamAM paNa dIpaka vinA bhAgye ja jIvanacaritra lakhatI vakhate evI hakIkata ApaNe matinAM darzana karI zakAya che. AvI sthiti devadarzana mATe puravAra karI gayA chIe ke temanA putra mahendra ane ubhI karavAnuM zuM kAraNa? vaLI trIjI sthiti e che ke putrI saMghamitrAne auddha dharmanI dIkSA ApIne bodhivRkSa jagannAthapurInA jevIja mUrtinuM eka trika sAcI sAthe silenamAM javA mATe je bhAvabhInI vidAya mukAmethI maLI AvyuM che ane sAMcInA sthAnane kaI ApI hatI te A pradezamAM Avela mahAnadInA rIte vaidika dharma sAthe saMbaMdha hoya tevuM atyAra sudhI mukha AgaLathI dIdhI hatI; eTale jovuM rahe che ke eka paNa purAvo noMdhAyo nathI. AvAM AvAM aneka. te samaye A krAMtino banAva banavA pAmyA hatA ke

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caturtha paricheda ] gUMthaNI 333 kema? joke ApaNI pAse tevI koI vigata azoka- upara AvI cUkyA che tene have Teke maLe che ane vardhananA rAye noMdhAyAnI paDI nathI eTale ekadama pariNAme te mUrtio hAla te ApaNe jena dhama tenI tarapheNamAM mata uccArI zakIe tema nathI. hevAnuM mAnavuM rahe che, sivAya ke tenI virUddhamAM paraMtu sAMcI pradezamAM paNa AvI trimUtio jaDI anya purAvAo raju thaI Ave. AvI che ane sAMcIne paNa vidvAne bauddhadharmanA A pramANe je nirNaya AvyA che tene, u5ramAM sthAna tarIke adyApi gaNI rahyA che tathA te je Apela soLa muddA sAthe vaTAvI joIe, ane barAbara prakArane dharmaprema dharAvato hato, naryAlaya jevAM sthAno baMdhabesatA thatAde khAya te teTalA pramANamAM tene vadhAre teNe je ubhAM karAvyAM che tathA teNe je manuSyakala majabUtI maLI gaI kahevAze. te muddAo atre pharIne karAvI che temaja jIvatAM ne jIvatAM temane bALI varNavavA jarUra nathI. paraMtu dareke dareka mudo laIne mUkAvyAM che. I. I. prakAranAM varNana jyAre tene vize ame meLavaNI karI joI che ane khAtrI thaI che ke vAMcIe chIe tyAre anumAna thaI jAya che ke kadAca te mUrtione jainadhama dhArI levAthI te sarve muddAo te prakAranI dharmakAnti te pradezamAM teNe karI mUkI saMpUrNa rIte saMtoSAya che. chatAM temAMthI je traNeka paNa hoya ? paraMtu te mUrtio zrIkRSNanI temaja tenA madA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa mAMge che te vAcakavarganI jANa bhAI bahenanI che te sthiti upara jyAre vicAra mATe atre raju karIzuM. te traNe muddA A pramANenA karavA besIe chIe tyAre turataja azakavardhanano che (1) mUrti vizenI AkhyAyikAomAM varNavAto khyAla ApaNe magajamAMthI khaseDI nAMkhaja rahe camatkAra (2) cokamAM ubhA karAyele moTo staMbha che; kAraNa ke bauddhadharmane ane zrIkRSNane ke temanA (3) ane zrIkRSNa tathA temanA bhAI bahenane vaidika kaTuMba sAthe koI prakAranI levA devA paNa nathI temaja matAnyAyI atyAre mAnI lIdhA che tenuM kema? zrI kRSNanA vakhatamAM baiddha dharmano janma paNa thayo te traNe mudAnuM samAdhAna A pramANe karI zakAya che. nahote, eTale ke brauddhadharma sAthe paNa te mUrtione camatkAra vize-je krAMti gvAliyarapati thazenisabata nathI. tyAre te kayA dharmanI mAnavI ? zuM dharmananA samayanI AsapAsa thavA pAmI hatI tyAranI vidvAnonuM anumAna khoTuM che? javAba eTale ja che ke, A vAta che. te samaye zrI siddhasena divAkara uparamAM sAbita thaI gayA pramANe jyAre vaidikanI ane nAmanA eka prakhara zaktizALI jainAcArya thaI gayA bAhanI te nathI tyAre jenadharmanI ja hoI zake che. vaLI che. temano vihAra pradeza avaMti ane gvAliyaranI priyadarzinanA vRttAMte ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke vaccenuM manAya che. jaina sAhitya graMthomAM evI tene azoka gaNIne baddhadharma mAnyo che ane te matalabanI hakIkata banyAno ullekha karAyele mAluma hisAbe tenA dharmakAryane brahane lagatA TharAvI dIdhAM paDe che ke teo eka rAtrInA nidrAvaza thayA hatA. che te badhI bhramaNu have teDI naMkhAI che. eTale tevAmAM temane svapna AvyuM ke zaheranA smazAnauparanI carcAnA aMte ApaNe je nirNaya upara mArge mahAkALezvara nAmanuM je zivaliMga che temAM (70) sAmAnya mAnyatA pramANe A siddhasenajI divA- sUrine samayavicAra' zIrSaka nAmanA lekhamAM lagabhaga karane zakAri vikramAdityanA samakAlIna manAyA che. eTale ke 30 pRSThomAM karI che te juo.) temano samaya I. sa. pU. 57 che. amArI mAnyatA pramANe (71) vizeSa vigata mATe jaina sAhitya graMtha jue. teo A gvAliyarapati vikramAdityanA samakAlIna kare che (2) te samaye A zivaliMgajInuM sthAna ujainI nagate AdhAre temane rAmaya atyArane TharAvyAnI noMdha karI ranI bahAra smazAnanA mArgo hovAnuM manAyuM che; kemake je che (AmanA samayanI vicAraNA jaina dharmaprakAza-mAsikapatra vikramAdityanA samakAlIna tarIke teo manAya che te avaMtibhAvanagara saM. 1980 aMka 6-7-9-10mAM "haribhadra- pati hatA. mArI gaNatrImAM temane vihApradeza avaMti ane

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364 DhAMkelAM vivecananI [ dazama khaMDa zrI pArzvanAthanI mUrti chupAyelI paDI che mATe amuka staMbhane sAmAnyapaNe "mAnastaMbha'nA nAmathI oLakhavidhi pramANe prayoga karavo eTale zivaliMgajI phATaze vAmAM Ave che. AvA staMbha ubhA karavAnI prathA ane temAMthI te mUrti pragaTa thaze. te pramANe temaNe kayArathI amalamAM AvI che te vize koI khAtrIpUrvaka karyuM hatuM. Ama thavAthI je pArzvanAthajInI mUrti samaya jaNAvI zakAya tema nathI. paraMtu uparamAM pragaTa thaI tenA camatkAra vize dezaparadeza khabaro sAbita karI gayA pramANe mULa maMdirano nAza je phelAI javA pAmI, Aja pramANe pArzvanAthanA nAmanI I. sa. 300 AsapAsa thaI gayo hato te samaya sAthe aneka prakAranA camatkAranISe daMtakathAo patamAM uttara ke dakSiNa hiMdamAM kyAMya tevo mAnajoDAyelI che ke jethI temanI sthApanA judA judA staMbha ubhe karAyela hovAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. jo ke sthaLe karIne, te te sthaLane AzrayIne nAma pADavAmAM samrATa priyadarzine, eka pattharamAMthI banAvela (MoAvyAM che. jema eka AkhyAyikA atra varNavIne tenA nolithic ) staMbhale aneka sthaLe ubhA karAvyA camatkArano TUMka khyAla Ape che, tema haju AgaLa che, paraMtu tevA staMbhonI Toce amuka hetupUrvaka siMhAkRti jatAM eka bIjI AkhyAyikA utAravI paDaze. tethI teNe mUkAvI che. keI sthaLe dIpaka pragaTAvavA jevI khAtrI thaze ke AvA camatkAro pArzvanAthanI mUrti vyavasthA karAvyAnuM dekhAtuM nathI tema vaLI teNe sAthe to parApUrvathI joDAyelA mAlama paDe che. ubhA karAvelA AvA staMbhalekha mAtra uttara hiMdamAM ja cokamAMnA ubhA karAyelA staMbha vize-AvA dekhAya che. uparAMta eka bIjI hakIkata yAda Ave che; vAliyaranI vacce AvAva thato hato ema che. vikra- haThAvavoja lAbhadAyaka mAnIne tene temane temaja jALavI rAkhI mAditya nAma ja kANuM jANe evuM thaI paDayuM che ke temane hoya ema dekhAya che. siddhasenajIe pragaTa karelI mUrti teja anya pradeza karatAM urjananI sAthe ja saMbaMdha hovAnuM hovA saMbhava che. je zuMgavaMzI amale uparanuM AcchAdana thayuM manAI javAya che. chatAM mAne ke te gvAliyarapati hatA hoya to, punara prAkaTaya i. sa. pU. 57mAM TharAvI zakAze, athavA to temane samaya i. sa.nI AThamI sadIne badale paraMtu guptavaMzI amale thavA pAmyuM hoya to punar prAkaTaya I. sa. pU. nI pahelI sadIne have te paNa A mUrtinA I. sa. 8nI zarUAtamAM gaNAze. amArI gaNatrI pramANe camatkAravarNanamAM kAMI bAdhA AvatI nathI. ahIM te cama- guNavaMzI samayamAM tenuM AcchAdana thayeluM samajAya che.] kAra paratveja varNana lAgu pADavAnuM che eTale ke pAzva (63) jue uparanI TI. naM. 64nA aMtima bhAganuM nAthanI mUrti sAthe A prakAranA camatkAra saMlagna thayelA lakhANa. vaLI vizeSa mATe jue pu. 1 pR. 76nI TIkAnuM che. vaLI sarakhA gata parichede pU. 303 TIkA naM. 86nuM varNana temaja pu. 1 pR. 197 ane 224 pAne bIjI lakhANa) siMbhava che ke, je mUrti siMdhupati rAjA udAyInanI devI pratimAnI hakIktanuM varNana che. tathA uparamAM dAsI potAnI sAthe avaMtimAM lAvI hatI ane je mATe pU. 325 'te mUrtinuM mahA'vALA pArAnI zarUAtanuM udAyIne avaMti upara caDAI karI hatI, ane je mUrti varNana vAMco. devI vANIne lIdhe avaMtimAne avaMtimAM ja rahevA devI paDI (ja) pAzvanAthane samaya bhale I. sa. pU.nI 8mI ja hatI teja A mati hoya (juo pu. 1 pR. 127 ane sadAne che. chatAM temanuM avataravuM, tIrthakara thavuM I. I. cama224). te mUrti emane ema tyAM rahI hatI. avaMti upara tyAre te gatakALanA kevalajJAnI ane tIrthakarothI jANatA hoya jaina rAjAo thayA tyAMsudhI te tene vAMdho nahIM ja Ave. ja. temaNe bhaviSyamAM thanAra pArzvanAthanI hakIkata pitAnA paraMtu zuMgavaMzanA rAjyakALe ke guptavaMzInA rAja amale jJAnabaLe jANIne prasaMge pAna jagatane jAhera karelI che je te mUrtinI avadazA karIne zivaliMgajImAM gupta rIte saMtADI uparathI lokee temanI mUrtio bharAvI bharAvIne pUjavA rAkhavAmAM AvI hoya kemake te pratimA camatkArika hovAne lIdhe mAMDI che. pArzvanAtha sadehe AvyA pUrve paNa temane mahimA teno nAza karavo te phAvyA na hoya, ke na hitakAraka lAge je khUba khUba gavAya che tathA temanI mUrtio banAvAI dAya; eTale tenuM bAhya svarUpa badalIne mAtra tene lAbha che tenuM kAraNa upara pramANe samajavuM..

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335 caturtha pariccheda ]. gUMthaNI dakSiNa hiMdamAM jaina dharmanI eka zAkhA je digaMbara thaI gayela che ke rAmAyaNamAM je rAmalamaNAdi vIra saMpradAyanA nAme oLakhAya che temanI sthiti, jamAvaTa purUSanuM tathA mahAbhAratamAM je pAMDavakaurava yoddhAonuM ane jora dhIme dhIme dakSiNa hiMdamAM jAmavA mAMDayuM ane dvArakAnA je yAdavonuM varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM hata. vaLI dakSiNa hiMdamAM75 aneka rAjavIe te che. te sarve vaidika matAnuyAyIoja hatA. jyAre jInadharmanA anuyAyI paNa banyA hatA. A digaMbara dhamao ema mAnatA AvyA che ke uparanA sarva jenoe je maMdira-devAlayo banAvyAM che ane jemane mahApurUSa jainadhamAM hatA. A baMne dharmavALAo pAse basatI nAmathI oLakhAvAya che te devAlayanA pitapotAnA saMpradAyAnusAra temanA jIvanaprasaMgenI prAgAMgaNamAM hamezAM A moTo mAnastaMbha ubhe hakIkata varNavatA graMtho paNa che. AmAM kenI mahattA karAvAte hatA ja. tenAM aneka citro dakSiNa kenerAmAM vadhAre vajanadAra che te bAbatamAM ApaNe utaravAnuM AvI rahela bastIvALA zaheranuM varNana ApatA prayojana paNa nathI, tema ApaNo adhikAra paNa nathI; sarakArI riporTomAM najare paDe che. matalaba ke AvA vaLI ahIM prasaMga paNa nathI. eTale te prasaMgane mAnastaMbha ubho karavAnI prathA I. sa.nI pAMca cha sparyA vinA. ApaNI pAse je sthiti upasthita sadImAM dakSiNa hiMdamAM khUba joramAM paNa hatI. jyAre thaI che teTalA puratI vigatanI ja tapAsa ApaNe levI ApaNane jarNavavAmAM AvyuM che ke (uparamAM juo rahe che. pu. 5. pR. 86 TI. naM. 24mAM ema hakIkata . 329) yayAti kezarI rAjAe I. sa. 580nA jaNAvAI che ke, rAjA kakie mathurAmAM AveluM kRSNaarasAmAM baMdhAvela bhuvanezvaranA maMdiramAM paNa AvA maMdira teDI nAMkhyuM hatuM. te uparathI e sAra upara eka moTe arUNataMbha ubho karAvyo hato. eTale AvavuM paDayuM hatuM ke zrI kRSNanuM maMdira vaidika matAnusamajAya che ke te samayanA pracalita dhArmika matAnu- yAyInuM nahi paNa jaina matavALAnuM haze; paraMtu te kathana yAyIonA arasaparasanA saMsarga ane vasavATane laIne jainasUtrAnusAra hatuM eTale te hakIkata upara vizeSa eka bIjAnI nakala karavAnA pariNAmarUpe te prathA madAra bAMdhIne kAma levA yogya nahotuM gayuM. paraMtu udabhavI hoya. A prakAranI racanA prathama koNe karI sarva dharmanA mukhya gaNAtA zAstragraMthA hamezAM ' te zodhI kaDhAya to temAMthI ghaNuM sAra kADhI zakAya. pramANika hovAnuM ja mAnavuM rahe che sivAya ke tenI prathama digaMbaroe karyAnuM jo sAbita thAya te vaidika virUddha bIjuM koI paNa sapramANa tatva maLI na matavALAoe tenuM anukaraNa karyuM hatuM ema svabhAvika Ave che. eTale te niyamAnusAra jenasUtra graMthanuM rIte kahevAya athavA te jInAlayone zivAlayo tarIke kathana hovA chatAM te bAbata zaMkA lAvavA koranuM na bhalAvo khavarAvavA77 jANI joIne tema karavAmAM hoja. A pramANe bane bAjunI dalIla karI zakAya AvyuM hatuM ema paNuM anumAna dorAya. tema che. paraMtu ahIM te graMthanA karatAM vizeSa sabaLa zrI kRSNa tathA temanA bhAI bahena kayA dharmanA gaNAtA sthApatyanA purAvAo maLI Avyo che, ane anayAyIo hoya te bAbataH-sAmAnya rIte vartamAne te paNa saMzodhanamAM rasa letA, taTastha ane sattAkALe evI mAnyatA ja jainetara prajAmAM zraddhAbaddha samAna lekhAtA vizArada purUSoe TAMkelA. temane (75) ajaMTAnI guphAo, badAmI tathA helanA maMdiro AkhIe uMcAImAM dIpaka mUkavAnI racanA kare che (A I. temanA samayanAM dRSTAMte kahI zakAze. niyama sarvathA sacavAya che ke kema tenI pAkI tapAsa (76) pAchaLathI A prathAe vadhAre jora pakaDayuM lAge mAMge che) che; chatAM eka taphAvata tarapha kAMIka dhyAna kheMcavA jevuM lAge (77) A hakIktano phaDo lAvavA mATe A dharmache. jenonA mAnastaMbhamAM TheTha uparI bhAge ja dIpaka pragaTA- kAnti thaI te pUrvenA je zivAlaya baMdhAyA hoya tenuM vavAnI goThavaNa hoya che. jyAre vaidika matavALAo staMbhanI nirIkSaNa karavuM joie.

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336 mUti vize [ dazama khaMDa eka purAve te mUrtinI bhItaramAM asthi padharAvela pitAnI vRtti saMtoSavA kaI aMtima hade poMcI jAya che hovAno che tathA bIje zrI jagadIzvaranA jevI ja tene kAMI na ja hoto nathI. nAnAmAM nAnA ane anya trimUrti, avaidika evA sAMcI nAmanA sthaLethI nirdoSa pheraphArathI mAMDIne vadhAremAM vadhAre mAtra maLI AvI che teno che (A baMnenuM varNana uparamAM apamAnajanaka ja nahIM paraMtu hRdayamAM vasI rahelI pR. 332 apAI gayuM che te juo). A badhA saje- veravRttine paNa tRpti pamADI zake tyAM sudhInuM parivagono vicAra karatAM hAla te ApaNe emaja nirNaya rtana karavAnI hade pahoMcI zakAya che.94 uparamAM karavo paDe che ke zrI kRSNanuM maMdira vaidika matanuM nathI varNavela siddhasena divAkare karI batAvela camakoranI paraMtu jaina matAnuyAyInuM che ane tenA pariNAme bAbatamAM asala mUrtinuM rUpAMtara karIne je sthitimAM temAM padharAvelI mUrtivALI vyaktio paNa jaina- tene jALavI rakhAI hatI te uparathI AvA prasaMge dhamaja mAnavI paDe che. karAtA pheraphAranuM mA5 ApaNe kADhI zakIe chIe; A pramANe meLe madAe ghaTAvI levAyA che tathA te pramANe A mUrtinA saMbaMdhamAM paNa thoDeghaNe temAMnA je traNa mudAo vize vizeSa khulAsA karavAnI aMze banavA pAmyuM hoya 79 ema mAnavAmAM vAMdhA jarUra dekhAtI hatI te paNa karAI gaI che eTale tenuM jevuM dekhAtuM nathI; kemake mUrti pitAnA asala samAdhAna thaI jatAM ema sAra kaDhAya che ke, te tri-murti svarUpamAM paNa nathI tema tene padharAvela sthAnethI jainadharmAnayAyI vyaktionI che; ane tethI te maMdirane svabhAvika rIte darzana karI zakAya tevI rIte bIrApaNa jenonuM ja kahevuM paDaze. jamAna paNa karAyelI nathI. vaLI je svarUpamAM hAla te uparamAM atihAsika purAvAo ane nivedananI sthApana karavAmAM AvI che tenuM varNana karatAM eka guMthaNI karIne, je je vastuo zakya hatI te sarva lekhake A pramANe zabdo lakhyA che -jagannAthanI tarapheNamAM ane virUddhamAM jatA mUrtine raMga kALe che. tenAM ne goLAkRti, mastaka mRti vize vizeSa saMyogono paNa vicAra karI lIdhe capaTuM, ziranA zikhare eka catuSkoNa kakaDo, nAka ane chevaTane sAra che tathA je nirNaya yogya lAgyo te moTuM, ane aNIvALuM ane mukha ardhacaMdrakAranuM jaNAvI dIdho paNa che. ahIM che-81(AgaLa baLabhadrajI ane subhadrAjInI mUrtinuM te saMbaMdhamAM, je kAMi vizeSa bAtamI jaina ke varNana kareluM che) jagannAthajInI mUrti DAbI bAjue ajana pramANamAMthI maLI zakatI hoya tene vicAra birAjamAna che madhyamAM subhadrAnI sthApanA karelI che ApaNe karIzuM. ane jamaNI bAjue baLabhadranI yojanA karavAmAM dharmakrAntinA samaye A mUrtinuM asala svarUpa AvI che. A pramANe thayela pheraphAranA svarUpane badalAyuM hatuM te te itihAsa siddha bAbata che ja; tema kAMIka khyAla ApyA bAda, tenA camatkAra vize paNa e paNa jANIe chIe ke AvuM svarUpa badalAvanAra theDuM ghaNuM jANuM paDa ThIka gaNAze. tenA mahAprasAda (78) amadAvAda, bharUca, dIlhI Adi zahere, jyAM (80) te pustaka pR. 114 tathA 115. muslIma rAjasattA bahu joramAM jAmI hatI, tyAM AvAM (81) AvuM kadarUpa lepanA ADAavaLA lacakA paDIne (STAte vizeSapaNe najare paDatAM dekhAya che. karI zakAya tema che tema karavAno Azaya, kadAca mULa tevI ja rIte dakSiNa hiMdamAM jyAre zivamArgI rAjasattA varUpa DhAMkvA puratA paNa hoya. vaLI sarakhAvo nIcenI jera upara hatI tyAre tyAM paNa A prakAranAM dRSTAMte banyAM TIkA naM 82. hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. (82) A krama goThavavAne hetu paNa mULa vastu upara(79) jue pu. 3 pR. 256 TI. naM. 1pa. thI anya dizAmAM dhyAna kheMcI laI javA purate kadAca hoya.

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caturtha pariccheda ] saMbaMdhI-3 TALavaTALa jevuM kAMi nathI te teA suprasiddha ja che. sAthe sAthe te paNa suvidita che ke jainemAM asalanA samaye jJAtibheda ke varNabheda jevuM kAMI hatuM ja nahIM. paraMtu reATIvahevAra ane eTIvahevAranI prathAne dhArmikakSetrathI para gaNIne, mAtra sAmAjIka paristhiti sAtheja guMthavAmAM AvI hatI (jIe pu. 1 pR. 25; 267 che. i.) A mUrtinI sAthe jyAre zrIkRSNanuM nAma joDAyuM che tyAre temanA samaye eka ghaTanA je banavA pAmI hatI tene nirdeza, jaina sAhityamAMthI maLI Ave che tenuM varNana karavuM asthAne nahIM nIvaDe; tema te uparathI mUrtimAM rahela camatkAranA khyAla paNa AvI jaze. kahevAya che ke eka pakSe kRSNa vAsudeva ane bIjA pakSe te samayanA magadhapati jarAsaMdha prativAsudeva; te enI vacce magadhanI bhUmi upara yuddha thayuM hatuM. temAM jarAsaMdhane amuka vidyAnI siddhi thai hatI. teNe pratipakSI--zrIkRSNanA sainya upara A vidyAnA prayAga karyA hatA, jethI temanuM lazkara mRtyuvata-jaDa-- cetana rahita khanI gayuM hatuM. A vidyAnA nivAraNa mATe zrIkRSNe iSTadevanI ArAdhanA karI hatI. deve, dharaNuMdra dvArA eka mUrti ApIne jaNAvyuM ke pArzvanAthanI A mahA camatkArika mUrti che te ye tathA te mUrtine prakSAlana karI, tenuM je nahavaNu thAya tene sArAe sainya upara chAMTaje; eTale sAmApakSe mUkelI vidyA palAyana thaI jaze. te chevaTanA nirNaya (87) mahArASTramAM paMDharapura zahera vIDeAkhAnI cAtrAnu pavitra dhAma che tyAM paNa A prakAre TALavaTALa sivAya prasAdanI vaheMcaNI thAya che. temaja jagannAthapurInA sthaLe je meLAo bharAya che tenA, ane vIdeAkhAnA sthaLe bharAtA meLAnA, samaca paNa jainaparvAnuM sUcana karatA heAya evA lAsa utpanna kare che. eTale ke, mahAprasAdanI vaheMcaNI, bharAtA meLAnA divase tathA asthinA parathI nathatI AbhaDacheTa, I. I. vigere muddAM upara lakSa kheMcavuM rahe che (A khAkhata bhisA TIpsamAM vavAyalI che). (84) tIrthamALAnu stavana che temAM 9 tathA 10 kaDhI A pramANe che: zArisarA, za'khezvarA, pacAsarAre, leAthI sthaMbhaNa pAsa; tIratha te namuM 2 | 9 | 4. 337 pramANe zrIkRSNe karyuM hatuM ane kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke, yathAsthita sUcavyA pramANe badhuM banyuM hatuM tathA zrIkRSNane jaya maLyA hatA. jaina granthAmAM jaNAvela che ke A mUrti hAlamAM uttara gujarAtamAM Avela zaMkhezvara nAmanA gAme sthApana karela che tathA sthAnanA nAma uparathI zrI zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha tarIke prasiddha thayela che. paraMtu jyAre zrIkRSNa ane jarAsaMdha vacce jAmela yuddhanA sthAna vize vicAra karIe chIe tyAre evA anumAna baMdhAI jAya che ke te mUrti kadAca A jagannAtha pArzvanAthanI paNa heAya. jema zaMkhezvara pArzvanAthanuM mahAtmya janeAmAM jANItuM che tema A jagannAthanuM paNa hAvAthI, tene vidha vidha pArzvanAthanI nAmAvaLImAM guMthI nAkhIne, eka stavananA rUpamAM ja gADhavI dIdhuM che. mUrti zaMkhezvara vALI hAya ke jagannAthavALI hAya, paNa kAI eka pArzvanAthanI tA hatI ja; eTale uparAkta camatkAra sAthe pArzvanAthanuM nAma saMkalita thayeluM che teTalI vAta satya che ja. AvI adbhuta pratibhAvALI mUrtine atyAranI janatA paNa tevAja bhaktibhAvathI bhajatI rahe te te paNa sarvathA banavA yeAgya ja che. vartamAnakALe A jagannAthapurInA tIrthanA mahimA, eka advitIya ane alaukika tIrthadhAma tarIke prasarI rahelA che. A vaijJAnika jamAnAmAM jyAre kevaLa jaDa vastuonuM ja prAdhAnya-sAmrAjya vartI tarIke, ajAvA, amIjhare re, jIrAvalA jaganAtha tIratha te namuM 2 510 || *AmAM jaganAtha lakhyuM che. paraM'tu te jagannAtha rASTrdhva hAvA joie: jaganAtha lakhAyAnA be traNa kAraNa samAca che: eka te| piMgaLanI racanA pramANe niyamane lIdhe tema karavuM paDayuM hAya, bIjI' rAsa meLavavA mATe tema karAvyuM DrAca (jema aMtarIkSa ne badale AMtarika lakhyuM che tema) trIjuM mULa rAkhta jaganAthaja heAya, paraMtu temAM pheraphAra karIne havethI jagannAthapurI lakhAtuM thayuM hAya; eTale mULa zabda sAcA haiya athavA jema hamezAM khanatuM AvyuM che tema lahiyAe kyAMka bhUla khAdhI heAya. matalaba e che ke, stavanamAM je lakhAyu che te have hAthIguphA jevA zilAlekhathI puravAra thayelI khInA samajavAnI, eTale tene aitihAsika satya tarIke ja svIkAravuM rahe che.

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sAta dhAmeAnI [ dazama khaMDa sthitimAM ApaNe mUkAyA chIe eTale have tenuM vivecana atra karIzuM. te kaDI A pramANe che. ayodhyA, mathurA, mAyA, jANI, DhAMnI, ayaMtiSThA pUrI dvArAvatI caiva saptaitA mokSadAyikAH // 1 // vaidika saMpradAyamAM kyA tIrthasthAnA mukhya mukhya gaNAya che te darzAvavA uparanI kaDI racAI che. temAMnA ayeAdhyA, mathurA, kAzI, atikA=jainI, purI= jagannAthapurI, ane dvArAvatI=dvArikA, A nAmanI cha nagarIoneA bhAvArtha turata samajI zakAya tema che. paraMtu 'mAyA' ane 'kAMcI'nAM be sthAnA jarA spaSTIkaraNa mAMge che. mAyA nAmanI nagarI sAthe bauddhadharmane itihAsa saMkalita thayeA kahevAya che. eTale vaidika karatAM te sthAna bauddhadharma sAthe vizeSa saMbaMdha dharAvatuM kahI zakAya tema che. tevI ja rIte kAMcInuM paNa kahI zakAze. kAMcI te te| dakSiNu hiMdamAM jene kAMjIvarama= kAMjevarma kahevAya che tenuM TuMku nAma che. tyAM vaidika dharmane phrAI prasaMga banyA hoya tema jaNAyuM nathI. ulaTuM aiAddha saMpradAya mATe vidyAprAptinuM moTuM sthAna te gaNAya che. vaLI uparanI kaDImAM Acvartane lagatAM tIrthanA ullekha karavAnA hetu vizeSa che, jyAre kAMcI te prAcIna kALe anArtha manAtA evA dakSiNa dezamAM AveluM gaNI zakAya. eTale A e tIrthAne-mAyA ane kAMcI nagarIone-zAmATe uparanI kaDImAM sthAna maLyuM haze, athavA te ene badale bIjI krAI nagarInAM nAma mUkavA yAgya ke kema, te teA vaidikadharmanA jJAtA purUSA jaNAvI zake tema kahevAya. paraMtu atre e prazna upasthita thAya che ke eka bAju sabaitA zabda lakhyA che. eTale ke sAtanI saMkhyA haiAvAnuM jaNAve che tyAre temAM nirdiSTa nagarInI saMkhyA jo gaNIe chIe teA AThanI thaI jAya che. te mATe e rastA saMbhavita dekhAya che. ekamAM, sAtane badale AThanI saMkhyA sUcavatA zabda mukI advaitA lakhavuM. ane bIjAmAM ii tathA uparamAM pR. 240 TIna 30 nI hakIkta. 378 raghu gaNAya che tyAre paNa je tIrthanI ATalI khathI kIrti ane mahimA gavAtAM hAya, te tIrtha vize prAcIna kALamAM, ke je samaye prajAmAM dharma upara prakharatama zraddhA vahetI hatI te kALe, tevI prabhAvika mUrtinI pAchaLa rAjA ke prA gAMDIdhelI anI jAya te zuM banavA yeAgya nathI ? eTale AvI adbhUta mUrti mATe samrATa padavIdhAraka rAjA `khAravelanA kuTuMbIo tathA naMdivardhana jevA magadhapatie aneka varSothI aMdara aMdara dharmayuddha laDayA karatAM dekhAya te| temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM paNa zuM gaNAya ? temaja priyadarzina jevA samrATa, peAtAnI hayecchA darzAvavA tathA bhaviSyanI prajAnI deAravaNI mATe eka ne badale khae khaDakalekheA tyAM AgaLa gAThavI, khAsa5 smAraka ubhuM karAve temAM ayukta paNa zuM che? A sarve vigata sAthe pR. 327 upara 'te mUrtinuM mahAtmya' vALA pArimAmAM je tAraNa ApaNe tAravI batAvyuM che, tene sAthe rAkhIne nirNaya karavAnuM rAkhazuM tA, nizaMka kahI zakAya tema che ke, te jagannAtha purInuM dhAma tathA temAM sthApita karAyalI mUrtio jaina saMpradAyane lagatAM ja smArakA hovAnuM dekhAya che. pu. 1 pR. 181 TI. naM 93 mAM hiMdanAM moTAM tIrtha sthAnanAM nAma gaNAvatAM nIcenI kaDI TAMkI che ane jaNAvyuM che ke vizeSa carcA sAta tIrtha dhAmeAnI rAjA khAravelanA dhRttAMte karavAmAM vyAkhyA vize Avaze.. A sUcanA karavAne. hetu e hatA ke te kaDImAM ghUrI nAmanuM tIrthasnAna ApeluM che. A pUrI eTale sAmAnyataH jagannAthapUrI samajAya che. eTale te ThaMDImAM pUrInI hakIkata samajAvavAne jagannAthapUrIne itihAsa jyAM sudhI purepurA samajAyA na hoya tyAM sudhI te saMbaMdhI kAMI paNa vivecana karavuM te nirarthaka nIvaDavA saMbhava rahe; paraMtu have tenI yathAyeAgya mAhitI maLI gaI hAvAthI te vize sapramANa khelI zakavAnI (85) priyadarzine ubhA karAvela cAlI ane jAgauDAnA khaDalekhA vacce aMtara zA mATe paDayuM che te mATe jIe

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caturtha pariccheda ]. vyAkhyA 339 tArAvatA zabdone chUTA na pADatAM eka ja sthAna joIe; evA abhiprAya dharAvanArAonA rUDhIcusta darzAvato [ridvAra vatI e samAvAcaka zabda mUko. manane kAMIka lAgI Avaze ja; te temane AzvAsana A bIjI rIta jo svIkArya gaNAya te pachI, jagannAtha- ApavAnuM ke, prathama te je mata atyAre dAkhalA purInuM tIrtha vaidika matavALAne uparanI kaDIne lIdhe je dalIlothI ame puravAra karI batAvyo che te paNa sarvathA gaNAya che te baMdha thaI jaze; ane je vastu atyAra kabula thaze ke kema ? athavA to niraMtara cAlu ja rahyA sudhI ApaNe puravAra karI rahyA chIe tene ulaTuM karaze ke kema? tenI khAtrI ja kyAM che? chatAM dhAre vizeSa samarthana rUpa gaNAze. ke amArI dalIle atuTa rahI ane te mata kAyama A kaDImAM vaidika dRSTie zuM zuM pheraphAra karavA thayo te paNa pelI ukti che ke, je satya hoya che te yogya hatuM te sUcavavAnuM kArya te ApaNe vaidika mata- game teTalA prayatna karyA chatAM bahAra AvyA vinA rahetuM vALA jJAtA purUSo upara choDI dIdhuM che. paraMtu jaina ja nathI. eTale satyane cAhanArane to kaIrIte khevAnuM daSTie te kaDInuM svarUpa kevuM hovuM joIe te atra hatuM ja nathI. bIjI vAta, I. sa. 300 mAM jyAre jaNAvI daIe eTale te bemAMthI je yogya lAge te mULa maMdira naSTa karI devAmAM AvyuM ane te sthAne bhale anusaravAmAM Ave. tenI vikRti ubhI karavAmAM AvI, tyAre te ubhI kAyodhyA, mathurA, vAvA, caMpA, sAMvI avaMtidA | karanAranA manamAM zuM zuM thaI rahyuM haze, temaja te pUrI dvArAvatI caiva, aSTatA mokSadAyikAH // 1 // mULa maMdira upara zraddhA dharAvanAra haze tenI manodazA - AmAM udezelI nagarIonI oLakha te spaSTa kevI thaI rahI haze? te bannenI manodazA arasaparasa che ja, chatAM thoDoka khulAso karI daIe. pAvA ulaTI ja dIzAmAM vahI rahI hovI joIe ema eTale pAvApurI te sthAne zrI mahAvIra nirvANa kalpanA karI zakAya che. vikRti karanAre sAmAnya pAmyA che. caMpA nagarIe jaina saMpradAyanA bAramA janatAnuM dhyAna satyathI alaga laI javo keTakeTalAye tIrthakara zrI vAsupUjya nirvANane pAmyA che ( juo prayatna karyA haze chatAM kALe karIne te paDadAo have pu. 1 pR. 77. TI. v ). sAMcIne atyAra sudhI baddha ucakAI jatA najare paDe che; tema atyAre je mata, dharmanuM tIrtha dhAma manAtuM AvyuM che paraMtu ApaNe te jaina aneka dalIlo ane AdhAra ApIne ApaNe sthApita dharmane lagatuM sthAna gaNAvyuM che (juo pu. 1. pR. karyo che, te sarva muddAo paNa je mAtra AcchAdana 186 I. i.) pUrI eTale jagannAthapurI te jaina rUpe ja haze te game teTalAM tene majabUta goThavI tIrtha hovAnuM A paricchede aneka purAvA ApI rAkhIzuM te paNa, kALadevanI eraNa upara TIpAI sAbita karI ApyuM che. matalaba ke uparanI kaDI TIpAIne te sarva naSTa thaI javAnAM ja che. vastuno kevI rIte jainatIrthadazikA hoI zake che tenI samajAti kALakrama ja hamezAM e rahyo gaNAya che. ema te A pramANe samajavI. DaoN. rAjendralAla mitre jyAre vaccamAM jAhera karyuM vizvanAtha jagannAthanI mUrti atyAra sudhI vaidika hatuM ke, te mUrtio baiddhadharmanI hevA saMbhave che, tyAre matanI hovAnuM sarvatra manAyuM che. te mAnyatA have uparanA be pakSonI zI manodazA thaI haze te vicAre jyAre uthalAI paDatI dekhAya joIe? kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, je kALe je AzvAsana sAthe che tyAre saMbhavita che ke, cAlI thavAnuM hoya che te thayA ja kare che. mATe kaI e, eka cetavaNI AvatI mAnyatAmAM kaMI kALe kaI prakAre vihavala banavuM na joIe. paNa je muddAo kaI jAtane pheraphAra thavA ja na raju thAya te upara buddhipUrvaka vAda karavAnuM ja (81) jenA be traNa udAharaNa ApaNe uparamAM raju paNa karI batAvyAM che (jue, 5ramAM TI. na. 81, 2).

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340. hiMdu ane jaina [ dazama khaMDa gheraNa akhatyAra karavuM ke jethI aMte satya heya rahetI nathI. vAMcchuka janoe nirdiSTa sthAnethI teja bahAra tarI Ave. vAcI levA maherabAnI karavI, atre te eTaluM ja Aja kAla A prakArano prazna keTaleka ThekANe jaNAvavAnuM che ke sarve dharmo, pachI tene game te nAma upasthita thayA kare che. dezane pracalita kAyado kahe ApIne saMbodhe, to paNa temane mukhya Azaya pitAnA che ke te banane bhinna che, tema Azrita jIvAtmAone pote TharAvelI uccamAM ucca hiMdu ane jaina sarakAra taraphathI vAraMvAra thatI keTie laI javAno ja hoya che. pachI te uccamAM eka ke bhinna vastIpatrakanI gaNatrImAM paNa banne ucca-sarvotkRSTa sthAnane mokSanuM nAma Apo te. mATenAM Asane judAM pADela mokSane dhyeya ane dharmane-dhyAna athavA sAdhana tarIke hovAthI, te bane bhinna hoya evo citAra khaDo thAya svIkAravAM raheze; ane je saMskRtine ja beya TharAche. jyAre keTalAkanuM maMtavya ema che ke te banne eka ja vaze te pachI saMskArane sAdhana gaNuM paDaze. A che. balake hiMdumAM jainano samAveza thaI jAya che. eTale pramANe beya ane dhyAna vacce rahelI paristhiti je mULa hiMdu che ane jena temAMthI nIkaLelI eka zAkhA barAbara samajavAmAM Ave, te uparanI uktinI che. A badhAM maMtavya potapotAnI dRSTie sAcAM ja che sArthakatA paNa yathAsvarUpamAM turata kaLI javAze. eTale kemake dareka vastune je di e jovAmAM Ave tevIja koI paNa saMpradAyavALA kaI paNa vastune syAdavAdatvamAM te dekhAya che, jethI syAhUvAda-anekAMtavAdane satya paSAyelI sthitisthApakatAnA kATale jakhIne tapAsavA tarIke svIkArAya che tathA sanmAnIta ga che ane mAMDaze, te temane darekane te dareka varatu satya ane teTalA mATe ja dareka vastunuM svarUpa tene anusarIne tathAsvarUpamAM ja dekhAze. koIne abhinnatva lAgaze vicArAyAthI koI paNa prakArane bAdha lAvyA vinA nahIM; tema tenA pariNAme, mana duHkha thavAnuM kAraNa paNa te siddha karI zakAya che. tethI ja ukti thaI paDI che maLaze nahIM. je duHkha thAya che ke, dareka zabdane tenA ke cAdarI daSTi sArI suSTiA -athavA-cAdazI yathArtha ane vizALa dRSTibiMduvALI bhAvanAne badale bhAvanA tAdRzI sRsstti.| saMkucitapaNe nihALavAnI ApaNAmAM paDelI TevanA hiMdu ane jaina; te banne zabdo vyAkaraNanI pariNAma rUpe ja che ema samajavuM. mAM nAma paNa che ane vizeSaNa paNa che. nAma mAtra daMtakathA rUpe ja jo hota, to to ApaNe tarIke tapAsa to bane zabdo bhinna ja dekhAya che; haju te vAtanI avagaNanA karI zakata, paraMtu jyAM paraMtu vizeSaNa rUpe tapAso te tenI sAthe je nAma zilAlekha jevo abhedya purA joDavAnuM hoya te upara, tenA bhinnatva ke abhinna- mUrti ane maLI Ave che tyAM te bAbatvane AdhAra raheze, tenI sAthe dharma zabda joDIne mUrtipUjA tamAM kiMcidaze paNa zaMkA hiMdudharma, saMskRti joDIne hiMdu saMskRti ke saMskAra uThAvavAno avakAza raheto nathI. joDIne hiMdu saMskAra kaho; ane te ja pramANe jainadharma, ane je mUrti hovAnuM siddha thayuM te mUrtipUjA jene saMskRti ane jaina saMskAra kahe; te paNa te havAnuM paNa svayaMsiddha thAya che ja. eTale eka tatvano sarve kevI rIte bhinna batAvI zakAya che ane kevI phaDa thaI gayo kahevAze ke, je keTalAka vidvAne rIte abhinna batAvI zakAya che, tenuM spaSTIkaraNa Adhunika samaye ema maMtavya dharAvatA thayA che ke, pu. 1nI prastAvanA pR. 21 thI 24 prazna naM. 7mAMprAcIna samaye mUrti ke mUrtipUjA jevuM kAMI hatuM ja pu. 2 mAM pR. 342-44 sudhI; temaja pu. 3 mAM nahIM, te teo have zilAlekhanA AdhAre samajI 5. 247 thI 25 sudhImAM, vidhavidha rIte karI zake che ke I. sa. pU. 429 mAM mUrtipUjA hatI ja; batAvyuM che, eTale pAchuM ane te utAravAnI jarUra baje khAravelanA samaya pahelAMnI A mUrti che ane ziyA,

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caturtha paricheda ] eka ke bhinna? 34. rAjA naMdivardhane te mATe laDAI AdarI hatI eTale chatAM te lekhamAM varNavelI hakIkatanI satyatA, jayAre te samaye paNa te vastuo hatI ema kahI zakAya. anya etihAsika ghaTanAthI sAbita thaI jAya che vacce ema paNa prazna karI zakAya ke te mUrti to tyAre te saMzaya taddana gaLI jAya che. matalaba ke parApUrvakALe bharAI hatI ema tame kahI gayA che hAthIguMphAnA lekhane eka nagada ane satyapUrNa dastAveja mATe naMdivardhana ane khAravelanA samaye mUrtipUjA mAnavo rahe che. ATale jabaradasta ane kiMmatI bhale haze paraMtu mUrti to te samaye navI bharAvAtI ja te lekha che tathA tenuM jIvana ATaluM badhuM mahattvazALI nahotI; parApUrvathI kaI hoya te te vAta nIrALI nIvaDayuM che; chatAM ajAyabI bharelI ghaTanA e che ke che. uttaramAM kahI zakAze ke naMdivardhananI vAta javA do, tenA samaye hiMdamAM pravartI rahelA je traNa dharmoparaMtu rAjA udayA te navesarathI ja pATaliputra vaidika, bauddha ke jena-gaNAyA che temAMnA ekakenA vasAvyuM hatuM ane tyAM janamaMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM tathA sAhitya pustakamAM rAjA khAravelanuM nAma suddhAMta navIna pratimA padharAvI hatI, temaja te sthAnethI paNa jaNAvAyuM nathI. be yakSonI mUrti--amuka lekhavALI-mUrti maLI AvI DaoN. rAjendralAla mitre potAnA "enTIvITIjha che tathA hAlamAM kalakattAnA myujhIamamAM te saMgrahita opha orIsA mAM jAhera karyuM che ke zrI. jagannAthajInuM paDelI che tenuM kema?87 matalaba ke mUrtio hatI te maMdira buddhadharmanuM havA saMbhava che. ApaNe joI gayA vAta jema nirvivAda che tema amuka aMze-8 mUrti chIe ke mULa maMdirano nAza i. sa. 700 nI vinA paNa calAvI levAtuM hatuM te paNa nirvivAda che. AsapAsamAM thaI gayo hato paraMtu yayAti kezarI paraMtu A viSaya ItihAsane lagate nahI hovAthI rAjAnA samaye I. sa. 580 AsapAsa nUtana maMdira tenI carcAmAM atra utaravAnuM niprayajana che. baMdhAvavAnuM zarU thayuM hatuM ane 75 varSe tenI peDhImAM rAjA khAravele pote je dhArmika ane parAkrama- thayela cothA rAjAe te saMpUrNa karAvyuM hatuM. eTale ke zIla jIvana gALyuM hatuM tene jIvate jAgato purA A badhuM parivartana I. sa. 500 ane 655 nA aMtara to hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI gALe thayuM hovuM joIe. bake ema kahe ke je vakhate vastu eka; maLI Avela che. eTale temAM pelA bauddha yAtrika mi. hayuena tsAMga hidamAM theya judAM zaMkAne sthAna rahetuM nathI ja. musApharI karatA hatA, te samaye A nUtana maMdira pUrNa jo ke tenA hAthe ja te lekha thayuM hatuM ke pUrNa thavAnI taiyArImAM hatuM. vaLI te pote ketarAvela hovAthI kadAca saMzaya ubho thavA pAme; A prAMtanI musApharIe Avyo paNa che. chatAM teNe (87) A samaya agAunI mUrtio hAvAnA paNa nirAlaMbana avasthA prApta thaI, tyAM te te banne vastune daSTAMta maLI Ave che. paraMtu te zaMkAspada che (juo abhAva ja mAnavo paDe. A saMjogomAM mUrtio teTalA pu. 1, pR. 170. TI. naM. 55) athavA te teno samaya samaya mATe na hatI ema haju kahI zakAya, nIcenI TI. naM. 88mAM jaNAvyA pramANe thaI jato hato (89) jagannAthapurInuM maMdira ane yayAti kezarIe eTale tenI gaNatrI ahI karI nathI. baMdhAveluM bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira, banne sthAna judAM judAM che. mAtra (88) amuka aMze eTalA mATe lakhavuM paDayuM che (1) pAMcathI daza gAunA aMtare ja che. paraMtu te banne pradeza eka cheH AvI mUrtio je maLI AvI che te, kALagaNanAne samaya maMdironI racanA eka che; bannenA rAjavI ekaja che; rAjyadharma jyArathI gaNAya che tenAthI pUrvAtIta che. (2) athavA to je eka ja che; eTale eka ja dharma kAntimAMthI bane, ekaja vakhate samaye mUrti vinA calAvI levAnuM hatuM ema huM mAnI rahyo pasAra thayela gaNAya, jethI je hakIkata ekane lAgu paDe te bIjAne chuM te samayanI te nahatI. paraMtu anya samaye bharAvAI hatI. paNa lAgu paDe che. te mAnyatAthI nAmanI lakhAvaTamAM temanI () mati ane matipUna te sAlaMbana che, jyAM vacce arasaparasa bheda jaLavAI rahyo nathI ema samajavuM.

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34ra vastu eka [ dazama khaMDa pitAnI musApharInAM varNananAM je be pustaka lakhyAM kalpanAthI AkhuM prakaraNa goThavI, rAkhyuM hoya; A che temAM A bAbatano 90 eka akSara vaTIka paNa prakArane anumAna haju banavA egya kahI zakAze. lakhyo nathI. je te tIrthadhAma sAthe kaIne kaI (3) uparAMta ema paNa kahevAya ke purANomAM vaidika rIte bauddha dharmano saMbaMdha joDAyelo hota, to zuM teno rAjAone ItihAsa ja AlekhAyo che ane rAjA ullekha te bauddha yAtrika pitAnAM pustakamAM karyA vinA khAravela vaidika na hato eTale tenA vaMzanuM Aleraheta kharo ke? sAra e nIkaLe che ke te tIrtha bauddha. khana karAyuM nathI; te te paNa vAstavika nathI; dharmanuM nahIM hoya jethI teNe A bAbata mauna kemake avaidika evA mairya samrATe, paradezI yavana sevyuM che. AkramaNakAro, zaka prajA I. I. anekanAM, rAjakIya bIjI vAta karIe vaidika dharmavALAnI-ke. hi. kArakIrdInAM vRttAMta ane isArAo temAM karela I mAM lakhela che 91 His (Kharvel's) family vaMcAya che te pachI khAravelanAM vaMzamAMnA kehas found no place in the dynastic vadhAre nahIM te be cAra paMkti jeTala-to vRttAMta lists of suzerains which are handed ApavuM joItuM hatuM. chatAM tema thayuM nathI. te mATe down to posterity by the Puranas=je uparamAM je bIjuM anumAna derAyuM che ke vigata samrATonI-rAjakartAonI vaMzAvaLIo purANomAMthI DhAMkI rAkhavA mATe ja maina 5kaDayuM haze te kAraNa ApaNane maLI Ave che temAM khAravelanA vaMzane majabUta dekhAya che. lagata kAMI IsAro suddhAM paNa maLato nathI. Ama trIjI vAta have jaina graMthonI laI e-vaidika ane karavAmAM purANonA lekhakane ze Azaya haze te baddha matanA sAhitya graMthomAM kadAca tene ullekha samajI zakAtuM nathI. te bAbatamAM be traNa prakAranAM na hoya te to ganImata lekhAya ane ema paNa bacAva anumAna karI zakAya tema che. (1) kadAca kahevAya ke karI zakAya ke temane je bAbata lAgatuM vaLagatuM na purANanI racanA I. sa. nI cothI sadI bAda thaI manAI hoya tevI-eTale ke pArakAnI-paMcAtamAM zuM kAma paDavuM che. te samaye jagannAthajInA A maMdira vize kAMI jANavA joIe tethI teoe cUpakI pakaDI hoya. paraMtu yogya banyuM nahIM hoya; tethI temAM noMdha levAI nahIM jenone te ulaTe, A rAjAne prasaMga eka garava hoya. A dalIla ke tema nathI, kemake mULamaMdirane samAna hatA; jyAre tenAthI aneka prakAre nAnA nAza te I. sa. 300nI AsapAsa thaI gayo hato ane durlakSya karavAgye rAjavIonAM varNano temaNe eTale purANotpatti rAmaye A hakIkata badhI tAjI jhIlavAno prayatna sevyA che tyAre A rAjA te. ja hovI joIe. (2) jyAre bIjuM anumAna e karI temanAmAM prAtaHsmaraNIya gaNAya tevo temaja dharmanniti zakAya che ke, A maMdira vaidika saMpradAyanuM have manAva- karanArAmAM agresara gaNAya evA rAjA kumArapALa ane vAmAM te AvI gayuM che eTale rADa khAravelanuM ke tenA rAjA saMprati jevAnI haroLamAM mUkavA cogya gaNAya pUrvajo vi. nuM varNana jo lakhavAmAM Avaze te tenA te che to zuM tevAnuM nAma paNa levAnuM bhUlI javAya ? vizeSa uDANamAM kAine utaravAnuM mana thaze ane pari AnA jevuM kRtana bIjuM zuM gaNAya ? kharekhara che NAme satya vastu je che te bahAra paNa AvI paDaze. 5Nu temaja; koI jAtane uttara ApI zakAya ke ema thAya te nAlezI jevuM gaNAya. mATe te vastu bacAva karI zakAya tevuM dekhAtuM nathI. eka vakhata bahu prakAza ja na pAme te bahetara gaNAya evI amArI evI mAnyatA baMdhAI hatI ke, rAjA khAra (90) juo rekarDajha opha dhI vesTarna varlDanAM be pustake, je aMgrejI anuvAda tarIke paDayAM che te. (2) juo te pustaka pa. pa36.

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343 caturtha paricheda ] dazeya judAM vela kadAca jenamatAnuyAyI nahIM hoya paraMtu AjI- tarapha anyAyabhareluM pakSapAtapaNuM batAvAyuM che vika matano haze. tethI tenuM nAma lakhAyuM nahIM hoya. ema nyAyane khAtara noMdhavuM ja rahe che. matalaba paraMtu vicAra karatAM te mata bInapAyAdAra hato. kemake ke jaina graMthakAranI cUpakIdInuM kAraNa zodhyuM rAjA khAravela eka te AjIvika ja na hote, ane jaDatuM nathI. hoye te paNa AjIvikA matanA utpAdaka ane sthApaka amArA eka madadanIza zrIyuta saMghavInI sAthe evA gozALakanA nAmano temaja jIvanane paricaya A bAbatanI carcA thatAM te ema jaNAve che ke, jainagraMthomAM keTale apAyo che; to AvA upakA- pUrvadezanA prAcIna samayanA keTalAka jainagraMthAne raka mahA rAjavIno vizeSa nahIM te kaliMgajInanI vinAza thaI gayo che eTale rAjA khAravelanA kaliMgamRtine aMge laData calAvanAra tarIke temaja mUtra- dezanuM varNana maLatuM nathI. keTaleka aMze amane A graMthonA saMrakSaka tarIke te, jarUra ja tenuM nAma kathana vyAjabI lAge che kemake teno ullekha hAthIjALavI rAkhavAnuM Avazyaka hatuM ja; eTaluM paNa zaMkAnA lekhamAM paNa rAja khAravele karyo te che ja. jyAre thayuM nathI tyAre kahevuM paDaze ke jaina graMthakA- chatAM A viSaya tapAsa to mAMge che ja. roe rAjA khAravelane teTale darajaje ghera anyAya A pramANe rAjA khAravelanuM jIvana caritra lakhavA ja karyo che. jaina graMthakAroe koI divasa dharmaSa nI bAbatamAM eka viSaya paratve-traNe dharmane sAhitya piSyo nathI ja. 'temaNe guNagrAhIpaNuM ja dAkhavyuM graMthonA lekhakanA Aza-bhinna bhinna hovAnuM che ne dAkhavavuM joItuM hatuM. eTale te niyame paNa atyAre dekhAya che. eTalI noMdha karIne have A ( AjIvikA matane heta to paNa) rAjA khAravela pariccheda puro karIzuM.

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paMcama paricheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) TUMkasAra-(3) rAjA khAravela (cAlu) hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM Avela 103 nA AMka saMbaMdhI calAvela vizeSa vicAraNA tathA temAM cedi saMvatanI zakyatAne batAvela sadaMtara InkAra-trikaMliga zabdanuM kareluM spaSTIkaraNa tathA samaya samaya paratve samajAveluM tenuM svarUpa -rAjA khAravelanAM AyuSya ane rAjyakALanI karelI carcA-tenA kuTuMba parivAra vizene Apela khyAla, tathA te saMbaMdhI pravartI rahelA keTalAka bhramane karele skeTa-tenA rAjaya vistAra saMbaMdhI upADela vivAda-tathA te samaye hiMdanI pazcime IrAnI akhAta ane pUrve IDeniziyA (sumAtrA, jAvA, Akapelego Adi) TApuo sudhI trikaliMganA vatanIonA thayela dezavihAra sabaMdhI kareluM yathocita vivecana; jethI te TApuonA vatanIone hiMda sAthe joDAte dekhAI Avato saMbaMdha-tenA sAmAjIka tathA dhArmika jIvana paratve baMdhAyela anumAnanuM kareluM nirdarzana-priyadazine ane khAravele vidhavidha kSetramAM gALela jIvananI karelI sarakhAmaNa (4) vakragrIvaH parvatezvaranuM, rAjakIya temaja sAmAjIka daSTie, ApeluM vRttAMtaje karUNa saMgomAM tenA jIvanane aMta Avyo hato tenuM kareluM varNana- (5) malayaketu makaradhvajanA rAjya amalanuM varNana tathA divaMzane Avela aMta-

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paMcama paricheda ] - 103 nA AMkanI samaja 345 hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM Avate 103 ne AMka gayA chIe. vaLI bIjI rIte paNa te AMka cedi nada ke mairya saMvatano havAnI je mAnyatA cAlu Ave saMvatano nathI ema puravAra karI zakAya che. . che te khoTI che ema ApaNe je te AMka cedi saMvatano levAya to tene 103 nA AMka pR. 267 thI 270 mAM bahu prAraMbha i. sa. pU. 558mAM thayo gaNAya eTaluM saMbaMdhI vizeSa achI rIte sAbita karI ApyuM te cokakasa ja; te hisAbe 107 je varSa I. sa. che. uparAMta te AMka vizenI bIjI zakyatA hovAno pU. 455 mAM Ave che je khAravela rAjya pAMcamuM muddo ApaNe ApaNI pharaNAthI ubho karyo hato. varSa hatuM ema hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM spaSTa jaNAvAyuM te be zakayatAmAMnI ekamAM, te AMka cedi saMvatane che. eTale sAra e thaze ke rAjA khAravelanuM gAdIhovAno ane bIjImAM mahAvIra saMvata hovAno nazIna thavuM I. sa. pU. 460mAM thayuM gaNAze, tathA hato. temAMye mahAvIra saMvatano je te hoya te, tenI tenA pitA vRddhirAjane rAjyaamala I. sa. pU. Adi kayAMthI temanA nirvANa kALathI eTale I. sa. 460 thI 470 sudhIne ane rAjA kSemarAjano samaya pU. para thI? athavA to temane jJAna prApti thaI I. sa. pU. 470 thI 506 sudhIne gaNAze. A pramANe tyArathI eTale I. sa. pU 556 thI? thayAnuM saMbhavita gaNatAM AkhA ItihAsa ja uthalI jato dekhAze. matache ema prazna upasthita karyo hato. A badhA praznonA laba e thaI ke 103 ne AMka cedi saMvatane lagatA -muddAnA-uttara paNa ApaNe pR. ra72-74 ApI dIdhA bIlakula che ja nahIM. che ke te AMka cedi saMvata nathI paNa mahAvIra prAcIna itihAsamAM trikaliMga zabdano prayoga saMvatane ja che tema tenI Adi zrI mahAvIranA aneka vakhata karavAmAM Avyo che. ane sAmAnyataH nirvANa kALanA samayathI ja gaNAI che, nahIM ke hAM, , ane DhiA e temanA jJAna prAptinA samayathI. trikaliMganuM svarUpa nAmanA traNa pradezane jhumakho- upara pramANe sarva sthitinI cokhavaTa karI samuha-evo teno artha karAya che. naMkhAI che chatAM kicita saMzaya ( jAo. pR. 274 paraMtu A pramANenI mAnyatA AgaLa dharavAmAM koI TI. naM. 55 ) batAvAyo hato ke kadAca te AMka vizvasanIya purAvo ke dalIla raju karavAmAM AvatI di saMvatano hoI zake che. jeno khulAso AgaLa nathI. eTale jema prAcIna atihAsika aneka kissAmAM ApIzuM. atra te viSaya hAtha dharavo rahe che, banatuM AvyuM che, tema A bAbatamAM paNa mAtra kalpanAmAM jo cedi saMvatane te AMka hoya to tenI zarU- besatuM AvyuM athavA zrotrapriya lAgyuM mATe Ama Ata mahArAjA karakaMDa i. sa. pu. 558mAM gAdIe banavA pAmyuM hovuM joIe ema TharAvI devAyuM che? beThe tyArathI thayelI gaNAya. te hisAbe 103nI ke te kathana vAstavika hovAthI ja vaparAtuM thayuM che? sAla eTale I. sa. pU. 455 thAya; jyAre naMdivardhananuM te ApaNe tapAsI joIe. maraNaja i. sa. pU. 456mAM eTale ke tenI pUrve eka pu. 1 mAM aMga deza 1 ane cedi dezanI varase thaI cUkyuM hatuM. eTale te nahera naMdivardhane bhaugolika sthitinuM varNana karatAM triliMga zabdamAM prathama khodAvI hoya e banI zake nahIM. A athavA kayA kayA pradezane samAsa thaI zake tema che te prasaMgoto Ane maLatAja madA upara te 103no AMka pAta jaNAvI dIdhuM che. paraMtu te sarve muddA ekatrita cedi saMvatano hoI na zake ema ApaNe batAvI karIne tathA temane vyavasthita guMthIne raju karAya to teno (1) jue pu. 1 pR. 106 tathA pR, 140 thI 146 nuM lakhANa tathA tene lagatI TIkAo. (2) juo pu. 1 pR. 164 thI 166 sudhInuM lakhANa tathA tene lagatI aneka TIkAo.

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trikaliMganuM [ dAma khaMDa sapaNe khyAla AvI zake teTalA mATe A viSaya pati ane vacce magadhapatine mulaka hatA. have pharIne atra raju karIzuM vicAro ke, aMga baMga ane kaliMga e traNenuM samuhagata (1) prathama te "trikaliMga'nA samuhamAM je traNa rAjya kayAre saMbhavI zake che, jyAre te traNenI hadanI dezane makavAmAM Ave che te traNene arasaparasamAM vacce koI rAjyanI kAcara AvatI na hoya to ja. temanI vacce koI jAtane saMbadha-sAmyatA- jevI ke eTale ke te traNenI sImAM eka bIjAne aDI rahelI saMskAranI, vastInI, bhASAnI I. I. keAI jAtanI) hoya te ja. Avo te kaI purA maLatA nathI. hevAnuM batAvavAmAM AvatuM nathI, tema dekhAtuM paNa ulaTuM hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMja magadhapati ane kaliMgapati nathI. atyAre paNa nathI tema te vakhate havAnuM, bannene bhinnapradezI ane sattAdhArI samartha samrATa paNa ItihAsanAM pAnethI siddha thatuM nathI; to pachI hovAnuM batAvAyuM che. sAra e thayo ke, trikalaiganA te saMbaMdhInI ekatAratA zI rIte meLavI zakAya ? samuhamAM hAlanI mAnyatA pramANenA aMga, baMga ane . (2) chatAM kavacita kavacita asaMbhavita dekhAtI kaliMga deze karI zakatA ja nathI. vastu paNa jema saMbhavita banI jAya che, tema naM. 1 mAMnI TIppaNa-eka rAjyanI hakamatavALA sarva pradeze, sthiti-traNe dezane eka samuha tarIke mAnI levAnI- eka bIjAne aDIne-sparzIne ja rahevA joIe, ene ApaNe mAnya rAkhI laIe te paNa pAcho virodha siddhAMta uparanI dalIlamAM je ApaNe AgaLa dharyo e AvIne ubho rahe che ke - che tenI virUddhamAM evo bacAva karavAmAM Ave che, temAMnA aMgadezane, hAlanA vidvAno bihAra prAMtamAM tevo niyama bhale sAmAnyapaNe haze paraMtu sarvathA bhAgalapura paragaNuM gaNe che ane baMgadezane, vartamAna tema hotuM nathI ja; kemake vartamAnakALe kAThiyAvADa ane baMgALa prAMtamAMnA murzidAbAda chalAne ane tenI gujarAtamAM paNa zrImaMta gAyakavADa sarakAranA aneka dakSiNe TheTha samudra taTa sudhI laMbAtA pradezane gaNatA malake vacce anya rAjavIonA pradeza AvI jAya. dekhAya che. jyAre kaliMganI hada uttaramAM mahA nadI che. tenA javAbamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke te dalIla bina ane cikA sarovarathI zarU thatI mAne che. jo ke pAyAdAra che; kemake ApaNe vAta karIe chIe sArvaA pramANe kaliMga dezanI hadanI mAnyatAmAM paNa ma sattA dharAvatA samrATonI; jyAre dRSTAMta ApIe temanI bhalaja thatI dekhAya che; chatAM takarAranuM chIe tevA samrATonI sattAmAM rahelA ardha-Azrita samAdhAna thatuM hoya te thavA devuM. te siddhAMte ApaNe sattA bhagavattA rAjyonI. matalaba ke sArvabhauma sattA temanuM maMtavya kebala rAkhI laIe chIe. topaNa A jevA samrATonA hAtha taLenA rAjAone mulAke, pramANe mAnI levAmAM muzkelI e Ave che ke te trikamAMnA mukhyatayA ekabIjAne aDoaDa ja Avela hoya che. aMgadeza ane baMgadeza, banne pAse pAse ane aDoaDa vartamAna kALe yuropIya prajAmAMnA zAsakonA mulake je AvelA hovAthI ekaja rAjyanI hadamAM haju temano cAre khaMDamAM chUTA chavAyA patharAyela najare paDe che samAveza thate kahI zakAya, paraMtu baMgadeza ane kaliMga- tenuM kAraNa e che ke, teo vaccenAM paraspara hite dezanI vacce te hAlanA bardavAna, midanApura, bAlA- sAcavavA mATe amuka amuka prakAranAM baMdhano ghaDAyelAM sAra, kaMTaka vigere jIllAo AvI jAya che ke je che ane tene AzrayIne te sarvene vartana rAkhavuM paDe che. anya rAjavInI hakumatavALA pradeza gaNutA hatA. je samayanuM ApaNe varNana karI rahyA chIe te samaye A pAchalI bhUmi te samaye magadhapatine tAbe hatI. te prakAranI rAjanItija nahotI. te samaye te; jenA eTale ke aMga-aMga hA kaliMgapatinA gaNAya; te pachI hAthamAM tenA moMmAM-eTale ke taddana svataMtrapaNanI; magadhapatino pradeza Ave ane te bAda pAchA kaliMga- athavA bahuto gaNapaddhatinI eTale ke ardhasvataMtrapaNe patine karliga deza Ave. matalaba ke, AsapAsa kaliMga- rAjya calAvavAnI rAjanIti pracalita hatI. te mATe

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paMcama paricacheda ] samajAveluM svarUpa atyAranI paristhitine daSTAMta te samayanI rAjanIti khAravele, mULa kaliMganI dakSiNethI vadhatAM vadhatAM, zeTha paratve lAgu pADI zakAya tema nathI.] siMhaladvIpanI sImAMte, pAMDaya rAjA upara paNuM (3) ne 2 nI dalIlamAM aMgadezanuM sthAna, teNe vijaya meLavyo hato ane tenI pAse potAnI vartamAnakALanA vidvAnonI mAnyatA pramANe bhAgalapura sattA kabUla karAvarAvI tyAMthI aDhaLaka kalma paNa jale lekhIne ApaNe tenA satyAsatyano vicAra harI lAvyo hato. temaja kaliMga ane pAMDanI vacce karI gayA chIe. paraMtu vAstavika rIte tenuM sthAna Avela colA ane pallava rAjyone paNa tAbe karI (jAo pu. 1 pR. 139) vartamAnanA madhyaprAnta lIdhA hatA. matalaba ke tAmila, telaMgu, ane uriya vALA pradezamAM che. eTale tene AzrayIne paNa A bhASA-draviDIyana gaNAtI traNa mukhya bhASA bolatA prazna vicArI levo joIe. te pramANe aMga ane prAMta upara teNe vijaya meLavI pitAnuM svAmitva kaliMganAM sthAna te cokkasa che ja, paraMtu baMga zabdane besAryuM hatuM (juo hAthIgUMkA lekha paMkti 11 no jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre teno ullekha anuvAda) eTale te traNa pradezanA-kaliMga, colA ane prAcIna granthamAM thayAnuM najare paDatuM nathI; eTale pAMDaya-samUhane vyAjabI rIte ApaNe rAjA khAravelanA te to Adhunika prayoga samajAya che. ane te ja samayano 'trikaliMga" samUha kahIe to vAstavika pramANe sthiti je heya te, trikaliMgamAM aMga, baMga gaNAze. vaLI te traNe prajAnI bhASA, dezaviDIyanamAMthI ane kaliMganuM joDakaNuM ubhuM karavAmAM, mUDha nAsti kutaH utpanna thayela hovAthI te sarva prajA saMskRtimAM jevuM thatuM hoya ema zuM nathI lAgI AvatuM? tathA anya AcAra vicAramAM temaja sAhitya (4) aMga, baMga (vaMga) ane kaliMgane badale, vizeSamAM paNa arasaparasa ghaNI ja sAmyatA dharAvatI aMga, vaMza ane kaliga te traNa dezanA samuhagata hevI joIe ema mAnI zakAya. rAjyane triliMganuM nAma ApIe te te yAcita (6) uparAMta, dhI hisTarI opha orissAnA che ema bhaugolika dRSTie paNa mAnya rahe tema che; kartA vidvAna che, Ara. jI. benarajI mahAzaye 5.1 kemake te traNe dezanI sImA paraspara saMlagna thayelI pR. 43 thI AgaLa je varNana ApyuM che te uparathI che. tema etihAsika purAvAthI, kaliMgapationAM utkala, keda ane kaliMga maLI trikaliMga thatuM hoya jIvanavRttAMtathI (jAo pu. 1 pR. 160thI AgaLa)temaja ema samajAya che. temAM temaNe ukaLane dAmodara ane mahArAjA karakaMDa mahAmeghavAhananA rAjya vistAranA vaitaraNI nadI vaccena, kerodanA be bhAga uttara hevAla uparathI paNa siddha thaI jAya che. eTale ke dakSiNa pADIne vaitaraNI ane baMgadhArA nadI vacce itihAsa ane bhUgoLathI te binA sAbita thaI ane kaliMgane baMgadhArA ane godAvarI nadI vaccene. jatI hovAthI vizeSataH mAnanIya gaNavI rahe che. pradeza lekhAvyo che. matalaba ke dAdara ane golavarI (5) naM. 4 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe, mahArAjA nadI vaccenA pradezane temaNe triliMga manAvyo che. karakana samaye, cedivaMzanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI (7) jyAre ja. o. bI. pI. so. 5 14. te vakhate-le aMga, vaMza ane kaliMganA yuthane trika- mR. 145 mAM lekhaka mahAzaye trikaliMganuM svarUpa vaLI liMga kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu hAthIguphAmAM sarvathI judI ja rIte varNavI batAvyuM che. temaNe spaSTa dorAyela citra uparathI, cakravartI khAravelanA samaye lakhyuM che ke, It has been discovered that to triliMganuM svarUpa juduM ja paDI jatuM hatuM ema the Kalinga people went to Burma, samajAya che. temAM je aneka vijaya meLavavAnuM rAjA long before the Christian era and khAravelane sadabhAgya prApta thayuM hatuM te sarva hakI- established a kingdom which comkatanuM joDANa karatAM e sAra kaDhAya che ke, rAjA prised three districts & hence called

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(348 rAjA khAravelanAM [ dazama khaMDa Mudukalinga ( Mudu means three in hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI samajAyuM che ke, 103 the Telangu language) or Trikalingas. nI sAlamAM tenA rAjyAbhiSeka thayAne pAMcamuM varSa "whole country was a part of the cAlatuM hatuM. vaLI A AMka Trikalinga ". Trikalinga = Kalinga, AyuSya ane mahAvIra saMvatano ja che e Kongad and Utkal=evI zodha karavAmAM AvI rAjyakALa paNa ApaNe gata 5ricachede che ke, IsavInI pUrve lAMbAkALe kaliMganI prajA barmAmAM puravAra karI gayA chIe. eTale gaI hatI ane tyAM saMsthAna jamAvyuM hatuM, temAM traNa gaNitazAstranI dRSTie hisAba karatAM tene rAjyAbhiSeka prAtono samAveza thato hovAthI tene mudrakaliMga (telagu ma. saM 98 (107-5=98)=I. sa. pU. 429 mAM bhASAmAM mudu eTale traNa artha thAya che.) athavA thayo hato ema nizcayapUrvaka have kahI zakAze. vaLI trikaliMga kahevAya che. (eTale) Akhe (kaligana) deza tenuM rAjya 36 varSa cAlyuM hatuM ema jaNAvAyuM te trikaliMgane eka aMza thaye;" trikaliMga=kaliMga, che. ane jyAre rAjyAbhiSeka thayo tyAre tenI koMgada ane utkala kahevAno bhAvArtha ema samajAya che ke, umara 25 varSanI hatI ema teNe pote ja lekhamAM | kaliMganI je mULa prajA hatI te barmAnA kinAre jaNAvyuM che. te te gaNatrIe tene janma ma. sa. 73=I. Avela dezamAM jaI vasI hatI (jene hAlamAM suvarNa- sa. pU 454 mAM thayo kahevAya. yuvarAjapada bhUmi tarIke oLakhAvAya che) te prAMtane paNa ma. sa. 88 mAM, rAjyAbhiSeka ma. sa. 98 mAM ane trikaliMganA eka aMza tarIke gaNI zakAya tema che. maraNu ma. sa. 134 mAM thayuM gaNAze. A hakIkata , (8) "bhAratano prAcIna rAjavaMza"nA lekhaka prasaMga ubhuM thatAM uparamAM pR-270 mAM jaNAvI te mahAzaye tenA pu. 1. pR. 37 mAM sara kanigahAmanA dIdhI che, paraMtu dareka rAjakatonAM AyuSya tathA matanA AdhAre ema jaNAvyuM che ke, trikaliganA umara vigerenI hakIkata judA ja pArigrAphamAM lakhasamuhamAM dhanakaTaka, AMdhra ane kaliMgadezano samAveza vAnuM dhAraNa akhatyAra kareluM hovAthI te pramANe thato hato. atra karIne jaNAvavuM rahe che. eTale nIce pramANe A pramANe judA judA vidvAnoe trikaliMganuM tenA samayanI sAla goThavI zakAze. svarUpa juduM juduM samajAvyuM che. keNa satya ane banAva ma.saM I.sa.pU. tenI umara; keTalAM varSa sudhI keNa asatya, te batAvavAnuM ApaNe ahIM uddeza janma 73 454 0 paNa nathI tema ahIM te viSaya paNa nathI. atra to yuvarAjapada 88 439 15 10 eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM hatuM ke, trikaliMganA samuhamAM, rAjyAbhiSeka 98 429 25 aMga, baMga ane kaligano samAveza je karI batAve maraNa 134 393 61 che te yAcita nathI. bAkI judA judA samaye ke ApaNe uparamAM tenuM maraNa 61 varSanI umare trikaliMgane artha bhinna bhinna thaI jato hato eTaluM thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu eka vidvAna lekhakanA cekasa dekhAya che. temAM paNa cakravatI khAravelanA jaNAvyA pramANe te samaye teNe saMsAratyAga karI, samaye trikaliMga zabdamAM uttare dAmodara nadIthI caMdragupta maurya samrATanI peThe, jaina dIkSA lIdhI hoya | bake tethI paNa jarA uttarethI zarU karIne, TheTha ema samajAya che, jethI A bAbata saMzodhana mAMge kanyAkumArInI sudhIne saghaLe mulaka AvI jato hate. che. temanA zabda A pramANenA che. Last of all, A (3) iM. e. pu. 1 pR. 350. () juo hAthIguMphana lekha paMkti 2 (paramAM pR. 276) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti pR. 207 TI. na. 2. (5) ja. A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR.14

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paMcama pariccheda ] AyuSya ane rAjyakALa 349 in right orthodox fashion he spent his paheluM anumAna-guphAno lekha tenI rANIe last years as a sanyasi in the hills kAtarAvela che. rAjA khAravele temAM kAMI jANe of Udayagiri, where the two-storied bhAga ja lIdho dekhAtuM nathI eTale samajAya che ke, rock-cut palace still stands=chevaTamAM, rAjA khAravele sanyastha sthiti aMgikAra karyAnuM je junA dharmanI praNAlikA mujaba, teNe potAnA aMtima jaNAvAya che. te sthiti ja kadAca banavA pAmI heya. varSo udayagirinI TekarI upara sanyastha dazAmAM bIjuM-teNe je dIkSA lIdhI hoya to teNe je gALyAM che, ke jyAM AgaLa adyaparyata khaDakamAMthI 36 varSa rAjya karyAnuM kahevAya che tene badale kotarI kADhela be majalAno prAsAda ubhelo dekhAya che; ja varSa rAjya karyuM hoya ane bAkInAM varSa te muni eTale ke, teNe jaina dIkSA nahI paNa tevI nivRtta avasthAmAM jIvaMta rahyA hoya; eTale temanI gAdI dazA dhAraNa karI hatI ane udayagiri parvata upara upara temanA kaMvarane rAjyAbhiSeka karavAnuM mulatavI je ThekANe hAthIguphAno lekha kotarAvyo che te ThekANe rakhA hoya. tevA saMjogamAM A bane samayane pite tapazcaryA Adi karI potAnuM zeSa jIvana (rAjasattAnA bhogavaTAno tathA muniavasthAne samaya nivRttapUrNa karyuM hatuM. vaLI te kAmamAM temanI saraLatA maLIne) ekaMdara avadhi 36 varSano AMka raheze. sacavAya te mATe tenI rANIe te sthAna upara che paraMtu muniavasthA kapI levAmAM uparanI TI. majalAne A guphArUpI prAsAdara baMdhAvyo hato. naM. 6 pramANe bAda Ave che. eTale te kalpanAno uparokta lekhake kareluM vidhAna, zodhakhoLa karatAM tyAga kara rahe che. vaLI lekhanI paMkti 7 mAM je satya Thare te te uparathI nIce pramANe anumAna jaNAvAyuM che ke, vedharavALI rANIne putraratna bAMdhavAne avakAza rahe che. jene pAchAM aitihAsika sAMpaDayuM che. A putra yuvarAja hovA saMbhava che. tethI daSTie tapAsI jovAnI jarUriyAta paNa lAgaze. lekha ketarAvavAnA samaye tenI umara mAtra sAta (1) je dIkSA lIdhI hoya to te temane rAjakAja katarAvanAra te rANI che, nahIM ke khAravela pate; A pramANe sAthe saMbaMdha paNa rahI na zake, tema pite ekaja sthaLe jainasAhitya saMzodhake vizeSa ekasAI pUrvaka noMdha lIdhI niraMtara rahI paNa na zake. paraMtu je nivRtta avasthAmAM dekhAtI nathI. rahevA mAMDayuM hoya te tenA nAmanI ANa paNa cAluM paraMtu lekhamAM evA aneka zabdo mAlama paDe che ke rahe, bIjAne rAjyAbhiSeka karavAnI jarUriyAta paNa na rahe. jethI lekha ketarAvanAra rANI pAse che ema sAbita thaI zake tema pate eka ja sthAna upara (hAthIguphAnA be mALavALA che; jevA keprAsAdamAM) lAMbekALa rahI paNa zake. paMkti teoe nava varSa sudhI yuvarAja eTale saMbhavita che ke, teNe dIkSA nahIM lIdhI hoya, , 7 teonI gRhiNI vajadharavALI paNa taddana nivRtta dazAmAM rahevAnuM pasaMda karyuM haze. jethI , 8=emanA karmonA avadAne saMtoSathI ja. A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 pR. 14mAM je zabdo lakhyA che. 10=mahAvijayaprasAda teoe ADatrIsa lAkha..vaDe as a sanyashi (juo u52) te vyAjabI lAge che. banAvarAvyo ' (7) hAthIguphAna A lekha ja tenI rANIe kAta. (8) gata paricchede A prasaMganuM vivecana karatAM ApaNe rAvyo dekhAya che tethI ahI te zabda ame vAparyA che evuM anumAna bAMdho haze ke samatazikhara pahADanI - jai, sA. saM. khaMDa trIjo aMka 4 nA lekhamAM pR. 366 taLeTI jema priyadarzinanA dhaulI jAgauDAnA khaDaka lekha ha5ra paMkti 8mAM lakhyuM che ke "kaliMga cakravatI khAravele ja vALA sthAne saMbhave che tema A hAthIguphA lekhavALA pate ketarAvela zilAlekha" jyAre teja pustakamAM pR. 374 sthAne-bhuvanezvaranA gAme--paNuM saMbhave che te anumAna have pati 5 mAM "enI strIe ene barAbara ja cAvatI kahela avAstavika Thare che. " khA pramANe rAkhe che te batAve che ke zilAlekha (9) jue uparanI TI. naM. 6

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350. rAjA khAravelanAM [ dazama khaMDa varSanI ja gaNI zakAze. eTale yuvarAjanI AvI rAjAnA jIvanamAM ja parivartana thaI gayuM hoya, nAnI vayamAM, rAjA khAravele dIkSA levAnuM munAsiba athavA to rANI pote ja A duniyAmAMthI adazya ne paNa dhAryuM hoya. paraMtu nivRtta avasthAmAM rahevAthI, thavA pAmI hoya athavA zilAlekha ja rAjA khArarAjyanuM hita paNa sAcavI zakAya tema potAnA velanA rAjya caudame varSe ketarAvAya hAya.rANIjI vize AtmAnuM kalyANa paNa sAdhI zakAya. A prakAranA te kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM je nathI eTale te bevaDA udezathI teNe udayagiri upara vAso karavAnuM bAbatano vicAra laMbAvavA mATe hRdaya nA pADe karAvyuM hoya; jethI tyAM sihaprasthavALI10 rANIe tene che. paraMtu saMbhava che ke zilAlekha ja rAjyakALanA yogya prAsAda baMdhAvarAvyo che tathA te samaya bAdanuM caudamA varSe ghaDAya heya; athavA vizeSataH rAjA rAjAnuM jIvana vRttAMta kotarAvavAnuM aTakAvavuM paDayuM che. khAravelanA jIvanane palaTo thayo hoya te banavAjoga trIjuM-na. 1 mAM dorela anumAnane, eka che. jema zilAlekhanuM kAtara kAma tyAM AgaLathI bIjI sthitithI samarthana maLe che. guphAnA lekhamAM aTakI jatAM ApaNe anumAna doravA lalacAIe tenI rANIe rAjA khAravelanI rAjya avasthAno chIe. tema rAjA khAravelanA mAnasika valaNane je kevaLa 14 varSane ja citAra Apyo che. Ama khyAla khUda rANIe lekhamAM kotarI batAvyA che te karavAnuM kAraNa zuM haze ? je rANI svapatinAM parAkrama paNuM, teja anumAnane daDha banAve che. guphAlekhanI ATalI jhINI jhINI vigatomAM utarIne, bhaviSyanI paMkti 14-15 ane 16 nI hakIkata jotAM spaSTa prajAne jaNAvavAne zakitavatI hoya te zuM ekAeka thatuM jAya che ke, rAjAnuM mana saMsArathI uddavigna thatuM varNana karatAM taMbhita banI jAya kharI? ulaTuM AvI rahyuM che ane tethI dharmakAryamAM pote vizeSa ne vizeSa parAkramazIla ane kAbela rAjAnA uttara jIvanamAM te pravRtta thate dekhAyA kare che. uparAMta caudamI paMktimAM vizeSa ne vizeSa gauravazALI kAryo banavA pAme ke jenI te vizeSapaNe uddagAra kADhI batAvAyA che ke, rAjA udaghoSaNA karyAthI, bhAvI prajAnA hRdayamAM te rAjAnAM khAravele jIva ane zarIranI parIkSA karI lIdhI cAritrya tathA samasta jIvana vize, kAMi ora ja (jIva ane zarIra pArakhI lIdhuM) eTale saghaLI paribhAvanA udabhavavA pAme! A paristhiti jotAM kAM te sthitine vicAra karatAM, evuM anumAna daDhatara thatuM (10) siMhaprasthavALI rANI siMdhulA, paTarANI nahIM sidhulArANuM piteja rAjA khAravela rAye 14mAM varSe maraNa hoya je hAla to pote pitA mATe, paTarANI zabda pAmI hovAthI tenA AghAtane lIdhe rAjAe gamagIna ja vAparata. banI rAjakAja choDI dIdhuM haze ane pote nivRtta avasthAmAM A kAraNathI mAnavuM paDaze ke vajadharavALI rANune je ke dIkSA laine muni avasthAmAM rahevAnuM pasaMda karyuM haze. putra prasava thayo che te yuvarAja ja haze. yuvarAjanI mAtA A kalpanAne, AgaLa lakhela "ni:zraya" zabdathI Teko maLatA hoya teja paTarANuM kahevAya evo paNa niyama nahIM hoya; thaze. kemake gata manuSyanA zreyArthe dharma kArya karavAnuM ucita nahIM to vajadharavALI rANI zabda na lakhatAM paTarANI lakhAta. manAya che. te hetuthI ja rAjA khAravele paMkti 14-15-16 eTale anumAna karAya che ke, je rANIne prathama paraNI lAve mAM varNavela dharmakAryo karyA hoya. paNa jyAre vicAra Ave teja paTarANI kahevAya pachI te, yuvarAjanI janetA hoya che ke mRtyu pAmela temaja hayAta rahela manuSyanA kalyANa mATe ke na hoya (sarakhA "tenuM kuTuMba"vALA pArigrAphanI hakIkta) paNa dharmakAryo te karI zakAya che tyAre te sarva vicAra jyAre vajagharavALI rANI temaja A siMdhulA rANuM- pheravI nAMkhavA rahe che. rANI siMdhulAne jIvatI avasthAmAM bemAMthI ekene paTarANInuM pada lagADAyuM nathI tyAre prazna mAnavI rahe che temaja teNune lekhanA kAtaranAra tarIke paNa gaNavI thAya che ke te koNa? ane teNe kAM lekha katarAvavAmAM bhAga rahe che mAtra je phera karavo rahe che te ni:zrayanA arthane ja; lIdhe nahIM hoya ? tene artha "kalyANa mATe' na karatAM 'nizcayapaNenA bhAvArthamAM (11) eka vakhata evuM anumAna derI javAyuM hatuM ke levo. eTale badhuM barAbara yathAsthita lAgI jaze.

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paMcama pariccheda AyuSya ane rAjyakALa 351 jAya che ke, khAravele dIkSA nahIM letAM, taddana nivRtta sthitine niradhAra thatAM, uparamAM je AMkaDA ApaNe avasthA dhAraNa karIne, guphAvALA sthAne nivAsa nirdiSTa karyA che te kAyama ja kare che ema samajavuM. rAkhyo haze; jethI rAjasattA ane kAryabhAra bhale tene hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM tenI be rANIonAM nAma nAme cAlyAM kare paraMtu pite temAM sakriyapaNe te spaSTapaNe vAMcavAmAM Ave che ja; temAMnI ekanuM) bhAga le nahIM. nAma vadharavALI rANI jAhera uparamAM derI kADhelAM traNe anumAna che tenuM kuTuMba thayuM che; jeNIne peTe (juo aitihAsika saMjogothI satya puravAra thaI jAya-saMbhava paMkti. 7 mI)rAjAnA abhiSeka che ke satya ja haraze, kemake jyAM sudhI ane jeTalI thayA bAda sAtame varSe yuvarAjazrIne janma thayo che. pramANamAM rAjA khAravelanA jIvana saMbaMdhI mAhitI eTale yuvarAjazrInA janmanI sAla 987=105 maLI zakI che tyAM sudhI ane teTalA pramANamAM te sarvane ma. sa. =I. sa. pU 422 tarIke seMdhavI raheze. ane anumAnika saMjogothI samarthana maLI rahe che eTale (bIjInuM) nAma A zilAlekha katarAvanAra tarIke nizcitapaNe mAnavuM raheze ke, rAjA khAravelanuM rAjya pitAne siMhaprasthavALI siMdhulA tarIke jeNe oLakhAvI 36 varSa paryata cAlyuM che ane pote 61 varSanuM AyuSya che te samajAya che. eTale A lekhakotarane banAva bhegavI maraNa pAmyo che. paraMtu vacce jyAre pite rAjyAbhiSeka pachInA caudamAvarSo ane ma. sa. 98+14= 40 varSanI umare pahoMcyo hato tyAre, saMsAranI 112 ma. saM =I. sa. pU. 415 mAM thayAne noMdha mohamAyAthI jANItA thatAM, AtmakalyANane arthe 5Daze (3) uparAMta A bemAMthI kaI rANIe potAnA taddana nivRtta avasthA gALavA, rAjamahelane tyAga nAma sAthe paTarANI pada joDeluM na hovAthI samajAya karI pAse Avela udayagiri parvata upara siMdhalA che ke teNI vaLI trIjI ja vyakti haze. (4) vaLI eka rANIe pitA mATe nivAsane mATe be majalAno pustakamAM lakhAyuM najare paDe che ke 13 He prAsAda khAsa baMdhAvarAvyo hato temAM rahevAnuM TharAvyuM (Kharvela ) married the daughter of hatuM; jethI pote saMsArathI dUrane dUra paNa rahe temaja Hathiyah or Hathisimha, the grandson yuvarAja taddana zizuvayano hovAthI rAjakArebAra of LalakaylAlakanA paitra haThIzAha urphe calAvAnuM je rAjakarmacArIone soMpAyuM hatuM teo, haThIsihanI kuMvarI vere khAravelanuM lagna thayuM hatuM. prasaMga paDatAM temanI salAha ane doravaNIne lAbha paNa A hakIkata je satya Thare to A rANI cothI TharI uThAvI zake; temaja rAjAnI vidyamAnatAne lIdhe, zake (5) A uparAMta eka anya lekhake15 vaLI paDozane koI rAjA kaliMganI sattA upara AkramaNa ema jaNAvyuM che ke Not only the Kalingas lAvavAnI hiMmata paNa dharI na zake. A pramANe had trade in Persian gulf as well (12) eTale ke AtmA ane pudgala vaccenA taphAvata vAta ema jace che ke, jema caNavaMzI rAjAone (juo vize pote pUrepure mAhitagAra banI gayo. AtmasvabhAvamAM uparamAM pu. 3 pR. 334thI AgaLa) eka samaye zAhavaMzI" ramaNutA anubhavavA lAgyo. (vaLI gata paricchedamAM te saMbaMdhane TharAvyA hatA tema A lAlaka tathA haThizAha paNa te vaMzanA khulAso tathA TIkAo vAMca.). kadAca hoya, ane tema mAnI temane aphaghAnistAna taraphanI (13) keM. I. pR. 16 jue. prA dhArI rAja khAravelane zarIra saMbaMdha te dezanI rAja(14) A haThIsiMha ke haThizAha kANuM tathA temanA kuMvarI vere baMdhAyAnuM anya lekhake jaNAvyuM che tema mAnI dAdA lAlakanuM rAjakIya jagatamAM sthAna zuM hatuM ne temane levAyo hoya te (juo nIce naM. 5 vALI rANInI pradeza ko have te kAMija spaSTa karyuM nathI, eTale te saMbaMdhI hakIkata) tene Teko maLate kahevAze. kaI prakArane tarkavirtaka kare nakAme jAya tema che. chatAM eka (15) ja. A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 24.

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rUpare rAjA khAla [ dazama khaMDa Ballabhi and Patala but Kharvela had karavAmAM ApaNe bhUla khAdhI che athavA te lekhake ja married a princess of Vazira, west of kyAMka sthAnanAM nAma ke dizAsUcana lakhatAM mati bhrama the land of the Madras, beyond the sevyo che te paNa mukhya vAMdho te rAjA khoravelanA present Afghan border=IrAnI akhAta, jIvanavRttAMtanI aitihAsika sthiti ja ubho kare che. temaja valabhI16(rAjya) ane pAla sAthe kaliga- te samaye AkhA uttara ane pazcima di, naMda rAjAonI dezanA vatanIono vepAra cAlato hato eTaluM ja sattAmAM hato. kharI vAta che ke vacce thoDAMka varSa tyAM nahIM paNa, vartamAna aphagAnistAnanI hadanI pelI temanI sattA bahu nabaLI paDI hatI, paraMtu rAjA pAra 17 je madrAjha (mAdaka) prajAne mulaka che tenI khAravelanA rAjakALanA uttarArdhamAM te navamAM naMdanI pazcime Avela vajhIrA (pradeza)nI ekAda rAjakuMvarIne sattA bahu majabUtapaNe tyAM sthApita thaI gaI hatI. khAravela para hate." A vAta vicAravA jevI (jAe pu. 1 nA aMte, rAjA naMda bIjAnA tathA che. temaNe AdhAra batAvyA hota ke anya hakIkata navamA naMdanA rAjya vistAra batAvatA nakazAo) jaNAvI heta te tenI rAtyAsatyatA tapAsavAnuM eTale rAjA khAravele te bAju vijaya prApta karavA anukuLa thaI paData. amArA mata pramANe te koI jAtano prayAsa sevyAnI kalpanA paNa asthAne asaMbhavita lAge che. kemake prathama darajaje te je kare che. uparAMta rAjA khAravele AkhA jIvana bhaugolika sthiti temaNe cItarI batAvI che te ja daramiyAna uttara hiMda tarapha jyAM AMkha sarakhI paNa kapolakahipata che. IrAnI akhAta, vallabhI rAjya ane karakAvI nathI, tyAM caDAI laI javA jevI sthiti ja pAtalanA mulakI8nuM nAma jyAMsudhI levAyuM che kayAMthI saMbhave? chatAM. mAno ke caDAI karyA vinA ja, tyAM sudhI to bahu vAMdho uThAvavA jevuM dekhAtuM nathI. mAtra potAnA dezanA vepArIo tyAM jatA AvatA paraMtu, aphagAnistAnanI sarahadanI pelI pAra madrAjha- hovAthI, ane tyAMnI sthitithI vAkephagAra banIne (mAijha) prajAne mulaka gaNAve che, ane tenI pazcime temaNe ja te pradezanA ane potAnA dezanA rAjakuTuMba varA ( hAla jene vajhIrastAna kahevAya che te kadAca sAthe lagnasaMbaMdha baMdhAvI dIdho hoya te paNa eTaluM haro) kahe che te barAbara lAgatuM nathI; kemake madra- te kharUMjane. ke rAja khoravele A prakAranuM je prajAno malaka19-mahAbhArata vikhyAta rAjA pAMDunI koI paNa lagna karyuM hoya te te pote rAjakAjamAMthI rANI mAdrInuM mahiyarato paMjAbamAM Avela rAvI nivRtti lIdhI te pUrve ja thayuM hovuM joIe. ane ane cinAba nadI vacceno pradeza gaNAvAya che. vaLI tema thayuM hoya te hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM tene nirdeza vajhirastAnane prAMta aphagAnistAnamAM (agnikhUNe) karAyA vinA rahevAya ja nahIM. tema saMsAranI mehapraveza karatAM ja Ave che eTale mAtra prajAnA mulakane jALamAMthI mukta thavA jyAre nivRtti sevAtI hoya aphagAnistAnanI sImAnI pele pAra kahevA ane tyAre te avasthAmAM te lagna karIne, pAchI sAMsArika tenI ye pazcime vajhIrastAnane kahe te badhuM asaMgata viTaMbaNA mAthe vahArI levA jevuM karavAnuM mAnI dekhAya che. chatAM eka vakhata mAnI lyo ke, mAdra- zakAya ja nahIM. matalaba ke sarve paristhiti tapAsatAM, prajAnA mulaka ane vajhIrapradezanAM sthAnane nizcita A lekhaka mahAzayanA kathanane Teke maLato dekhAte (16) saurASTramAM AveluM valabhIvaMzIonuM rAjya maLe che tyAM tenA mukha AgaLanA trikoNAkAra pradezane A kahevAno artha samajAya che. nAmathI oLakhavAmAM AvatA hatA. (17) sarakhA uparanI TIkA naM. 14 (19) juo pu. 3. pR. 151 TI. naM. 17. (18) juo. pu. 1 pR. 221 siMdhu nadI jayAM samudramAM

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paMcama paDhi ] nathI ja. chatAM amuka prakAre hakIkata. AvI rahI che teA tenI kheAja karavI te ApaNuM kartavya gaNAya. eTale saMzAdhanarasika vizvajjanAne te kArya upADI levAnI vinaMti che. chatAM hamaNAM vizeSa purAvA na maLe tyAMsudhI uparanI sarva hakIkata kabUla rAkhatAM, tene pAMca rANI hAvAnuM mAnavuM rahe che. putraputrIo khAkhatamAM zilAlekhathI jaNAya che ke I. sa. pU. 422 mAM tene tyAM yuvarAjane janma thayA hatA. saMbhava che ke A yuvarAja ja vagrIva nAma dhAraNa karIne pAchaLathI kaliMgapati tarIke tenI gAdIe meThA che. te sivAya vizeSa putra-putrI hatAM ke kema te kayAMya spaSTa rIte darzAvAyuM nathI ja. paNa sAhityagraMtheAmAM AlekhAyalI hakIkatathI samajAya che ke, tene vaireAcakara1 nAme eka bIjo putra haze. jeTalI hakIkata upalabdha thAya che te uparathI ATaluM tAravI. zakAya che. vizeSa te prAcIna ItihAsanI aneka vigatAnI peThe hajI sudhI aMdhakAramAM ja paDyuM rahyuM che ema samajI levuM. nuM kuTuMba jo ke rAjA khAravelanA rAjaamala trIsa varSa jeTaleA lAMkhA kALa cAlyo che, chatAM itihAsanA Alekhana mATe upayAgI thaI rAjyavistAra tathA zake tevuM tattva dharAvatA hAthINuMkA prAsaMgika vivecana lekha sivAya anya kAI dastAveja ke purAvA adyApi paryaMta hAtha lAgyA nathI. eTale prAcIna samayanA sarve rAjakartAe ke temanA rAjaamala vize, jema vAraMvAra anatuM AvyuM che tema A rAjavInA saMbaMdhamAM paNa keTaleka aMze teA ApaNe mauna ja sevavuM paDaze. chatAM jyAre kevaLa eka hAthINuMkAnA lekha uparathI paNa tenI kArakIrdInA prathamanA tereka varSe jeTaleA kALa (20) jyAM sudhI vizeSa pAkA niNaeNya na thAya tyAM sudhI vadhAremAM vadhAre eTaluM ja salAmatIpUrva mAnI laie ke tenI prajAnA mANase te taraphanA bhAga tarapha vepArI sabaMdhamAM joDAyalA rahetA heAvAthI ekabIjAne jANItA thayA hatA. (sarakhAvA AgaLa upara sumAtrA, jAvA, ApelegAnI 45 353 mahatvapUrNa anAvAnA byAnathI tathA itihAsane paNu gAravavaMtA khanAve tevI sAmagrIthI bharapUra thaI paDele joi zakAya che, tyAre sahaja eTaluM te| anumAna karI zakAya ja ke tenA rAjyakALanA zeSa bhAga paNa AvAM ja upayeAgI-rAjakIya najare temaja prajAdaSTiekAryathI analakRta / rahyo nahIM ja hAya ? sivAya, upara jema eka lekhakanA kathanathI, ApaNe evA anumAna dArI gayA chIe ke teNe rAjakAjamAMthI temaja saMsArika kAmamAMthI nivRtti--anAsakti-dhAraNa karI lIdhI hatI. have tenA rAjyakALanA prathamanA tera varSanA pratihAsa nihALIe. jo ke AkhAye zilAlekhamAM darzAvelI hakIkatanuM eka pachI eka paMkti laIne kramAnusAra vivecana tA ApaNe gata paricchedamAM ApI gayA chISe ja. paraMtu eka ja sthAne samuharUpe je vivecana eka pArigrAphanA rUpamAM karavuM joie te karavAnuM tyAM banI zake nahIM, tethI atra jarUra joguM varNana ApIzuM. zilAlekhanI samagra prazastinA vAMcananI samAlAcanA karatAM eka vivecake evA sAra derI khatAnyeA che ke,22 khAravela eka varSa vijaya mATe nIkaLatA ane khIjA varSe dhera rahetA. mahela vigere banAvarAvatA, dAna detA, temaja prajAhitanAM kAryo karatA." A uccAraNu kevaLa satya ja che. paNa ApaNe atyAre mAtra tenI vijayaprAptinA prasaMganA ullekha karavAnA ja heAvAthI, anya dhArmika temaja prajA upayAgI kAryAnuM vivecana AgaLa upara cheADIzuM ane atra te mAtra tenAM parAkramanAM varNana karavAnuM ja kArya hAtha dharIzuM. jyAre tenA pitA vRddhirAjanuM maraNu nIpajyuM tyAre te tenI samIpamAM paNa kadAca nahIM hoya ema pira hakIkata pR. 356mAM jaNAvelI che te te ). (21) AnI hakIkata mATe mAgaLa upara rAjA mayuravajanA vRttAMte jue. (22) jaina sAhitya saMzAdhaka pu. 3 aMka 4thA pU. 374. '

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khAravelane rAjya vistAra [ dazama khaMDa pati jotAM banavA pAmyuM haze evA anumAna hada sudhI pite pahoMcI gaye; ane uparamAM jaNAvyA umara mA5Ne AvyA chIe, eTale rAjyadhUrA barAbara pramANe rAjA khAravela je kaphoDa ane kaparA saMbhALI levAnA sogamAM che tevI keI taiyArImAM saMjogomAM takhtanazIna thayo hato te paristhitine te nahoto tevA samaye tene rAjyAbhiSeka thavA pAmyo lAbha levA tatpara thayo. tenA manamAM ema ke, A che ho ema kahI zakAya. chatAM zilAlekhanI prathamanI mAsamAM ja magadhathI chUTo paDIne jabaradasta pradezane be patimAM lakhAyelI hakIkatathI samajAya che ke, teNe svAmI pote banI zake che eTale tenI vigraha rAmasaMcAlananI tAlIma levA uparAMta amuka darajaje karavAnI zakti paNa atula che, tema pate rAjadvArI lAI lai javAnI ane tenI deravaNI karI sAMgopAMga paTatA khelavAmAM paNa kuzaLa che; jethI A ugatA pAra utAravAnI zakita paNa meLavI lIdhI hatI. khAravelane paNa suratamAM ja dAbI deze. AvI kalpanAmAM eTale game tevA kaDA saMjogamAM teNe rAjyalagAma te AgaLa ne AgaLa dhasI. kaliMganI sarahada upara grahaNa karI hatI chatAM, rAjadvArI kaneha vAparI AkramaNa laI gayo. eTale turata ja potAnI zaktino rAjagAdInI sthiratA jamAvavAmAM ja prathamanuM varSa ke saMyegAno jarA paNa vicAra ke kanavAra karyA vinA* tene pasAra karavuM paDayuM hatuM. A tenuM rAjakIya sAhasika khAravela pite ja sainyanI saradArI laIne DahApaNuM hatuM. paraMtu eka anya vyakita, je tenI mAphaka teno sAmano karavA medAne paDayo. bannene bheTa thayA. tAjetaramAM ja te samaye ugatI jatI hatI teNe tenA mahAsaMgrAma maMDAyo. yuddhamAM rAjA zrImukhane pATha A DahApaNune anya svarUpe ja gaNI kADhayuM hatuM. A pheravavI paDI; eTale sudhI ke rAjA khAravele tene pIcho spati bIjuM kAI nahIM, paraMtu aMdravaMzanI sthApanA pakaDo ane TheTha nAsika sudhI nasADI mUkaze tathA karanAra rAjA zrImukha zAtakaraNI samajavo. te paNa potAnA khaMDiyo banAvI " AMdhrabhatyA :"nI chApa** rAjA khAravelanI lagabhaga umarane hato. tema teNe paNa tenA zIre cuMTADI tyAre te jo. A pramANe pitAnA pitA magadhapati rAjA naMda bIjAnA rAjaamale gAdIe besatAM vetaja, mahAparAkramI evA rAjA khUba rAjakAjanI tAlIma lIdhI hatI. Aja arasAmAM zrImukha jevA rAjakIya harIpha upara phateha meLavI, maMda bIje maraNa pAmyo hato ane tenI gAdIe tenI hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sudhInA mulaka upara potAnA kSatriyANI rANI peTe janmela nAnA kuMvarane hakka vijayavAvaTa karakato karI zako teM, tema AMdhrapatinAM svIkArAyela hovAthI, zukrANI rANI peTe janmela A sarakAre evA sALi ane bhote paNa parAjIta zrImukha, naMda bIjAne cha putra hovA chatAM, magadhapati karI dIdhA hatA. eTale A bevaDA vijayathI narmadA anatA aTakI paDayo hato. eTale teNe potAnA bIjA ane kaSNA nadI vaccenA sarva pradeza upara tenuM sahodara sAthe magadhamAMthI rUsaNuM laI, madhyaprAMtanA svAmitva svIkArAyAnuM gaNavuM raheze. te bAda niyama rastethI dakSiNa hiMdamAM utaravA mAMDayuM hatuM. prathamamAM pramANe eka varSa ArAma laIne vaLI kRSNa nadInI jabalapura pAseno pradeza kabaje karI tyAMnA mahArathIne dakSiNe prayANa karyuM. ema varSa dara varSe uttarottara tAe karI tyAM rAjagAdI sthApavAno manasUbe karI caDAI karyA karIne, pahalava, celA ane pAMDaya rAjAone rahyo hate. mAtra cha mAsa jeTalI avadhimAM ja pradeza zaraNAgata karIne. dakSiNa hiMdanA madurAnagara sudhI jItato chato te, rAjA khAravelanA rAjyanI pazcima deza jItI lIdhA hatA. vacce prasaMga maLatAM-magadhapati (2) jue hAthIguphA lekhanI cothI paMkti. che te mATe juo uparamAM. pR. 284 TI, naM. 47 (24) A kAraNathI ja rAjA zrImukha tathA tenI pAchaLa AMdhrabhAtyAnI chApa kayArathI utarI gaI che te A AvanAra pAMca cha rAjAe "AMbabhatyA tarIke oLakhAvAyA viSaya baha rasika che te saghaLuM zAtavAhana vaMzanA vRttAMte che. zuMgabhUtyA ane A AMbabhratyA nA arthamAM zuM phera raho jaNAvavAmAM Avaze.

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tathA prAsaMgika vivecana paMcama pariccheda ] bRhaspatimitra urphe naMda AThamA upara hallA lai jai pAtAnA page namAvI pelI kaliMgajIna mUrti je, AnaMda AThamAnA dAdA naMdivardhana urphe naMda paheleA, peAtAnA dAdA kSemarAja pAsethI uThAvI lai gayeA hatA te, pAchI potAnI pATanagare lai AvyA hatA. A ja samaye dakSiNa hiMdamAMnA madurA pAse jamAvaTa karI paDela pelA siMhaladvIpavALA luTArUTALAnA saradArane kAne A vijayanA samAcAra AvI lAgatAM, AgaLa vavAnI je taiyArI karI rahyo hatA, te paDatI mUkIne pAchA nAsI gayA hatA. eTale vaLI niyama pramANe eka varSanA ArAma bAda rAjA khAravele dakSiNamAM jai madurA zaheramAM a tenI AsapAsanA mulakamAM je nAnI nAnI maMDIe-bajAra-jevI sthiti, uparanI luTArU ane badamAsa TALIe dhAmA nAMkhIne ubhI karI hatI te badhI ukheDI nAMkhI temanuM nAma nizAna kADhI nAMkhyuM.pa Ama karIne TheTha kanyAkumArI sudhInA mulaka niSkaMTaka banAvyA tathA karliMga urphe urIya, tAmIla ane telagu e traNe bhASA khelatI prajAnA je vibhAga keTalAye varSathI paDI gayA hatA tenuM ekIkaraNa karI mUkayuM26 ane peAtAnA trikaliMga sAmrAjyanI sthApanA karI dIdhI. A samayathI trikaliMgAdhipati samrATa cakravartI khAravelanA upanAmane peAte lAyaka TharyAnuM kahI zakAze. tenA rAjadvArI jIvana vize hAthIguphAnA lekhAdhAre ApaNe je jANI zakayA chIe te upara pramANe che. paraMtu eka lekhake8 eTale sudhI jaNAvavAnI hiMmata karI che ke, Kharvela had sea-borie trade with Persia. Probably he had also colories in Burmah and furthe India=khAravelanA samaye) irAna sAthe dariyAI mArge vepAra cAlatA hatA. vizeSa saMbhavita che ke, khamAM ane dUranA hiMdamAM tenA saMsthAnA pazu hatAM. A sthitie paheAMcatAM I. sa. pU. 415 nI temanI kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, jema hiMdanI (25) A banAva rAnna khAravela gAdIe beThA pachI agiyAra varSa banyA haeNAvAnuM lekha uparathI samAya che. hisAba karatAM tene samaya ma. sa. 98+11=109=i. sa. pU. 418 Ave che. (jue nIcenI TIkA na. 26 nuM lakhANu). (26) nayaranA deha sa MdhAtane teADhyA. ema je lakhANa che te nIcenA prasaMga samajavA. upapa sAla AvI pahoMcI. te samaye magadhapati tarIke navamAM naMdanA rAjyAbhiSeka thaI cUkaye hatA. tenA vyavahAra ane rAjakuzala mahAamAtya maMtrI zakAvAnI rAjanItithI uttara hiMdanI aMdhAdhUdhI avazya thavA lAgI hatI tathA kramekrame maMda navamAnI sattA uttara hiMdamAM jAmavA mAMDI hatI eTale paNa rAjA khAravezane uttara hiMda tarapha najara nAMkhavAnI jarUra naheAtI paDI; tema paMcama ArAjanya kALabhagavAnanI pelI bhUmitRSNAnI asarathI te haju vimukha hatA 27 tethI dakSiNa hiMdanuM sArvabhaumatva maLI jatAM te nirAMta vALIne besI rahyo hatA. eTale AtmakalyANa sAdhavAmAM ja tenuM citta parAvA lAgyuM. te mATe dakSiNa hiMdanA A cakravartIe dharmarAjyanA cakranI prApti karavAmAM ja zeSa jIvana gALavA mAMDayuM. rAna uMdacAzvanA vRttAMte jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, tenA putra anurUghdha ane sainyapati nAgadAke dakSiNahiMdu upara jIta meLavI siMhaladvIpanI bhUmine paNa magadhapatinI ANAmAM lAvI mUkI hatI. teneA samaya ApaNe (jIe pu, 1 samacAvalImAM i. sa. pU, 491=ma. saM. 36thI I. sa. pU. 482=ma. sa', 45nI hakIkata) je TharAvyo che te A dehasabAtanI bInA sAthe sarakhAvavI paDaze, temAM 13 varSa lipijJoe vAMcyA che paraMtu saMbhavita che Y ema pazci pAMcamAMnA AMka prathama 165 ukelAyA hatA ane have 403 mAnya rahyo che, tema ahIM paNa skhalanA thai heAya tyAre kharI rIte te AMka 73-13 ke tenI AsapAsanA hAya, (27) tema rAnna na Mde paNa dakSiNa hiMdu taraph najara pheravI nathI. bAkI jo teNe dhAryuM hota to i. sa. pU. 415 thI jyAre khAravele nivRtti a MgIkAra karI ane 393mAM maraNa pAmyA te vaccenA 23 varSImAM te dakSiNa hiMdamAM kAMine kAMi navA jUnI karI zakata. paratu kAMi nathI karyuM. te batAve che ke tene paNa bhUprAptinI leAlupatAnamAM mAha lAgyA nahAtA (28) jIe ja, A haM, rI. sA. pu. 2. bhAga 1 5, 14,

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356 pazcima tarapha irAna sudhI tenA samaye vepArIe vepAra kheDatA hatA tema hiMdunI pUrva taraphanA kharmA ane tenI ce pUrvamAM Avela, inDAcAinA, sumAtrA, jAvA ane A pelegAvALA dvIpA sAthe paNa vepAra calAvatA hatA. kharka banavAjoga che ke, A bAju pUrvanA dariyAmAM te rAjA khAravelanI AmAM keTalAka mulaka paNa AvI gayA hatA. A vidhAna upara javAne te lekhake kAMI khulAsA karyA nathI eTale jema, khAravelanA kuTuMbavALA pArigrAphanA varNanamAM tenI eka rANI saMbaMdhI te ja lekhake kahelI hakIkatane ApaNe atizayAktipUrNa gaNIne vizeSa saMzAdhana mATe eka bAju rAkhI mUkavI paDI che, tema A kathanane paNa teja kATimAM hAlatA rahevA daizuM. chatAM mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke, temanuM A anumAna, vartamAnakALe eka hakIkata A TApuonA vatanIenA nAmeAccAraNane aMge ubhI thavA pAmI che tene anusarIne dhaDAvA pAmyuM hoya. [ TIpaNu-A prazna chAne hajI chevaTanA nirNayAkAre paheAMcyA nathI, paraMtu vAMcchuka varga temAM AgaLa vadhavuM hoya tA vadhI zake te mATe temanI pAse keTalIka vigatA raju karavA ceAgya dhArIe chIe. te saMbaMdhamAM eka graMthakAra9 jAvyuM che ke " The people of Kalinga were the pioneers of Indian colonization in further India and the Indian Archipelago...Kern recognised that South Indian tribes took the most prominent part in the colonization of the Indian Archipelago and among the Simbiring tribe (which means the Black) there are five sub-divisions designated Choliya, Pandiya, Meliyala, Depari and Palawi. In these five rAjya vistAra (29) juo Ara. DI. benarajI kRta hisTarI morIssA bhAga 1 pR. 93 mudrita kalakattA 1930 oph (30) sibirniMga eTale kALa; ane dakSiNa hiMdanI prajA [ dazama khaMDa names he rightly recognised the South Indian names Chola, Pandya, Pahlava or Pallava and Malayali or Chera= kaliMganI prajA, dUra pUrvanA hiMdamAM ane hiMdI A pelegAmAM jaIne vasAhata karavAmAM agresara hatI... hiMdI A pelegAnI vasAhata jamAvavAmAM, dakSiNa hiMdanI jAteAe ati mahattvapUrNa hissA pUrAvyAnI hakIkata mi. karne svIkArI hatI. siMkhirIMga ( jeneA artha kALuM-sAmaLuM thAya che) jAtanA cAliya, pAMDiya, meliyala, depArI ane palavI nAmanA pAMca vibhAga oLakhAya che. (vaLI) dakSiNa hiMdanA ceAlA, pAMDiyA, pahalva athavA pallava ane malayalI athavA cerA jevAM nAmeAmAM, A pAMce nAmeAnI vAstavikatA haiAvAne teNe svIkAra karyAM che.' matalaba temanI kahevAnI e che ke, sumAtrA, jAvA, ArkIpelegAmAM vartamAna kALe vasI rahelI je prajA sibiriMga nAme oLakhAya che temanA pAMca peTA vibhAgA che. temanAM nAma Abehuba rIte dakSiNa hiMdamAMnI prajAne maLatAM Ave che jethI te bannenI sAmyatA--sAdazapaNuM puravAra thAya che. tema prAcIna samaye liMganI prajA paNa dariyAkheDI dUradUranA mulakamAM jaI vasI rahevAnI khAsiyata dharAvatI hatI eTale badhA saMjogA maLatA AvI rahe che. vaLI peAtAnA kathananA TekAmAM jaNAve che ke, "The Kalingan origin of the earliest colonists from India does not depend merely on the terms now applied to Indians in the Archipelago but also on definite Archeological and historical evidence=A+pelagAmAMnA hiMdIone je nAmeAthI saMdhavAmAM Ave che tethI ja tee agAunA vakhatamAM hiMdamAMthI AvyA hatA ane kaliMganI prajAmAMthI paNu, dezanI ati uSNatAne aMge kALI cAmaDIvALI banI rahI che. eTale te parathI temanuM sAmya batAvavAnA A prayAsa che. (33) majakura pustaka pU. 94,

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- = * paMcama paricacheda ] tathA prAsaMgika vivecana 357 utarI AvelA kAMI puravAra thatA nathI, paraMtu pitAnA vaMzanA sthApaka ane te parvata upara mokSapadane sthApatyanA ane etihAsika anya purAvAthI paNa te pAmela evA mahAmeghavAhana vijaya pravRttacakra karakaMDu sAbita thaI zake che. matalaba ke temanA A kathanane mahArAjanI kAyaniSidI banAvavAmAM gALyuM hatuM. teo kevaLa anumAna nahIM paNa eka etihAsika vaLI eka varSa te prAMtamAM duSkALa paDavAthI pUrve satya binA lekhavAnuM sUcave che. temanI sUcanA khodAyelI gaMgA nadImAMthI nahera laMbAvI, pIvAnuM ApaNe vadhAvI laIe topaNa eTaluM ja kahI zakAya pANI Apo temaja khetInA kAryane saraLa banAvI, ke, sumAtrA, jAvA ane AkapelegonI vastIne prajAne rAhata ApatAM kAryo karavAmAM ane kara mApha karI amuka bhAga, mULe kaliMganI prajAmAMthI utarI Avyo rAjasUya yajJa karavAmAM paNa gALyuM hatuM. temAM eka hato. paraMtu ema te sAbita thayuM nahIM ja kahevAya varSa vaLI, godAvarI ane kRSNa nadI vaccenA pradezamAM ke te prAMta rAjA khAravelanI sattAmAM AvI gayAM pahalava rAjAne harAvIne tyAM mahAvijayaprAsAda lagahatA. te ja pramANe kaliMgaprajA aMgenI irAnI bhaga 38 lAkhanA dravyanA kharce ubhe karAvyuM akhAta taraphanI sthiti paNa thavA pAmI hatI.] hato. uparAMta je zrutajJAnane lepa thavAno nirmAyo upara pramANe tene rAjadvArI jIvana ane rAjya hato temAMnA eka pUrvanA 64 adhyAyane pharI vistAranuM vivecana hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMthI jeTaluM lakhAvI-vizeSa nakale utarAvIne vaheMcI devarAvI-te tAravI zakAyuM teTaluM AlekhI batAvyuM che. dhArmika jJAnane jIvaMta banAvavAmAM eka varSa gALyuM hatuM. vivecana nIcenA pArAmAM jaNAvyuM che. vizeSamAM uparanA sarvene TapI jAya tevuM je kArya lekhanI hakIkatathI jAhera thayuM che ke, jema te teNe upADayuM hatuM ane je mATe moTo raNasaMgrAma rAjakIya bAbatamAM rasa laI rahyo hato tema dhArmika kheDavA paNa taiyAra hatA. te to pelI kaliMgajInI mUrtine ane sAmAjIka jIvanamAM paNa magajamAMthI pAchI lAvI svasthAne punaHsthApita karavAne dhArmika tathA sAthe sAthe pravRtta rahyA karato lagatuM hatuM. A pramANenAM cha varSanAM sAmAjIka kAryo sAmAjIka jIvana hatA; tethI ApaNe tene potAnA karatAM. vacce potAne tyAM yuvarAjanA janmane khuzA jIvananA eka varSe laDAInA raNa lIvALo prasaMga sAMpaDatAM, tene paNa yathAcita rIte kSetre jhaMjhamate ane bIje varSe kAMIka prajopayogI ke ujavyo hato. AtmakalyANanuM kArya karato nihALI rahyA chIe. upara varNavelA banAvanA vAcanathI eka vAta lekhamAM prathamanA tera varSanA banAvanuM darzana karAvAyuM spaSTa rIte e tarI Ave che ke teNe bhale sAmAjIka che temAMthI aDadhoaDadha rAjakIya pravRttine samaya ane dhArmika kAryo karI batAvyAM che, chatAM uDANamAM Ada karatAM cha eka varSa A prakAranAM jIvananAM raheze. utarIne joizuM to temAM vizeSa paNe te, jene kevaLa tene vRttAMta anukrama vAra temaja vistArathI samajuti dhArmika dRSTie AtmahitanAM ane kalyANa mArganAM sAthe lekhanA anuvAdavALA paricchede apAyo che. kahevAya. tevAja kAryone samAveza thato hate. cAkhuM atra tene Traka sAra jaNAvIe ke, ekAda varasa teNe ane kevaLa prajAne upayogI kahI zakAya te te mAtra rAjanagare kIllA vigerenI marAmata karavAmAM gALyuM naheravALuM ja kahI zakAya tema che. ane te paNa je hatuM. ekAda varSa kumAri parvata-goragiri upara vihAro kudarate te samaye avakapa na karI hota, to naheravALuM sta ItyAdi banAvavAmAM, temaja eka varSa kAma te hAtha dharata ke kema te eka prazna ja thaI raheta. (32) juo upara pR. 35 TI. naM. 14 vijaya prAsAda ubhuM karAvavAne zuM kAraNa tene maLyuM hatuM (33) A sthAne AvaDe che ane mahAmulo mahA- te tenA jIvana prasaMgamAMthI tAravI zakatuM nathI,

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358 rAjA khAravelanuM dhArmika [ dazama khaMDa eTale ApaNe tenuM jIvana lokapayogI kAryamAM vyatIta jatA hatA tathA hisTarI opha orisAnA vidvAna karyAne badale lokane piDita karavAthI ke anya prakAre graMthakAre te bhArapUrvaka temAM umero karI batAvyo che herAna karI raMjADavAmAMthI dUra rahyuM hatuM ema kahIe, ke, tyAMnI vasI rahelI prajA mULe dakSiNa hiMdanI athavA tema paNa nahi to chevaTe prajA kalyANanAM kAryo kaliMga prajAmAMthI utarI AvyAnA sthApatya viSayaka para teNe taTasthavRtti ke udAsIna vRttivALuM ane aitihAsika purAvA paNa maLI Ave che eTale jIvana pasAra karyuM hatuM ema kahIe, to paNa vAsta- A traNeya kathananuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM to mAnavuM paDaze vika lekhAze. ke, rAjA khAravelanA samaye paryaTana kheDatA zAha aMtamAM teNe pote upAsakanAM vRtto laI sodAgaro ke temanA Azrita janoe ja tyAM vasAhata svakalyANane artha nivRtta thaI girinivAra sevI lIdhA karavA mAMDI haze; tema thayuM hoya to teonI sAthe hatA. have je hakIkata anya sthAne jaNAvAyelI temanA dharmanAM avazeSo laI javAmAM AvyAM hoya kayAMya daSTie caDatI nathI te upara vAcaka varganuM ane tyAM tenuM bIjAropaNa thayuM hoya te samajI dhyAna kheMcIne A pArIgrApha samApta karIzuM. zakAya tevuM che. paraMtu A vidvAna mahAzayane bIjAonA te custa jena hato e vAta te nirvivAda rIte matane saMmata thatA je keTalIka muzkelIo Ave che te siddha thaI gaI che. ane tethI ja teNe kaliMgajIna anya rIte vyakta karatAM jaNAve che ke35 (1) mUrtinuM mahAmya pichANIne magadhapati jevA baLavAna Trikalinga form cannot be proved to samrATanI sAme thavAnuM tathA TheTha tenA rAjamahela sudhI have existed in the first century B. C. pahoMcI jaI te mUrti upADI lAvavAnuM jokhama kheDavA or A. D.=I. sa. pU. nI ke I. sa. nI pahelI jevuM sAhasa upADayuM hatuM. A vize mi. jAla kApe. sadI sudhI trikaliga evA zabdanuM-rUpanuM-statva ja nTIara nAmanA vidvAne samAlocanA karatAM udagAra pUravAra thaI zakatuM nathI. eTale temanuM kahevuM ane kADhayA che ke, 4-why should he have mAnavuM ema thAya che ke, trikasiMga evo zabda ja jyAM chosen so strange an object, if he I. sa. nI keTalI ye sadI bAda vaparAzamAM AvyA had not been a believer in the Jina= dekhAya che tyAM kaliMga prajAmAMthI utpanna thayela A (rAjA khAravela ) jInanA upAsaka-anuyAyI na prajA sumItrI-jovA I. mAM AvIne je vasI hoya hota to zA mATe teNe AvI vicitra vastune te teno samaya te tenAthI paNa moDo ja thAya. jyAre (jhanamatine) laDAInA utpAdana-kAraNarUpa pasaMda karI khAravelano samaya ApaNI mAnyatA pramANe i. sa. pU.nI hota? matalaba ke te jaina hovAthI ja, teNe te mUrti cothI ne pAMcamI sadIno tathA vidvAnonI mAnyatA mATe laDI kADhavAnuM prANasamAna gaNyuM hatuM. vaLI pramANe tenAthI aDhIso varSa bAda eTale I. sa. pUnI ApaNane, eka nahIM paNa babe ( juo uparamAM bIjI sadImAM che. AvA saMjogone lIdhe banne vastuno pR. 351mAM. ko. Da. vALuM, temaja teja pRSTha uparanuM meLa besata thato nathI eTale kaliMganI prajAmAMthI ja. A. hi.sI. so. nA lekhakanuM avataraNa ) vidvAno- te bAjunI prajAno uddabhava mAnI zakAya ja nahIM.' e sUcavyuM ke rAjA khAravelanA samaye kaliMganA (2) vaLI pite jaNAve che kef The question prajAjano pazcime irAnI akhAta sudhI ane pUrvamAM of the religion of the original colonists ArkApelegenA TApu sudhI vepArArthe dariyAI saphare to further India and the Indian (34) I. e. 1914 pR. 173. (35) jue hisTarI opha erisA pu. 5. 95,. (36) teja pustaka pU. 9.

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pa'cama pariccheda ] tathA sAmAjIka jIvana 3pa. Archipelago is still the subject of a very great controversy... Results of excavations prove the earliest Indian colonists were Hindus i. e. Brahmanical faith, then Buddhism while Jainism does not appear at all= dUra pUrvanA hiMdu ane hiMdIA+pelegAnA mULavatanI kheAdakAmanAM pariNAme te ema sAbita thAya che ke hiMdamAMthI AvanArA (hiMdIe) prathama brahmadharmanA hiMdue ane pachI bauddho hatA; jyAre jainonuM teA nAma nizAna paNa nathI. eTale temanuM maMtavya ema che ke hiMdIA pelegAmAM je lokeA hiMdamAMthI AvIne pratha mathI vasyA hatA, te anukame brAhmaNadharmanA, tathA aiAddhadharmanA ja hAvAnuM, zeAdhakhALa-khAdakAmathI maLI AvatI vastu uparathI sAbita thAya che. ane jaine! teA hatA ja nahIM. eTale A vasAhatAnA dharma vize tIvra matabheda rahe che. matalaba e che ke, khAda kAmanuM pariNAma judI vastu batAve che ane vidvAnonI mAnyatA bhinna thAya che. eTale emanI muMjhavaNa e che ke; ekbhAjI khAdakAma ema pAkAre che ke, hiMdamAMthI vasAhata je thai hatI te brAhmaNAnI ane behonI hatI ane temane-te hiMduone-trikaliMga-kaliMganA samuhamAMnA kAI dezanI prajA tarIke mAneA te temanI te pradezamAM thayelI AyAta i. sa. pU. nI be sadInI ke bahutA I. sa. nI khIjI sadInI mAnavI joie; paraMtu triliMga zabdano upayega ja I. sa. nI keTalIye sadIbAda vaparAzamAM AvyA che, eTale te banne hakIkata maLatI AvatI nathI mATe temanA dharma vize tIvra matabheda rahe che. temanA A banne maMtavyanA kathanamAMthI tAtparya e nIkaLe che, khAdakAmathI alamatta sAbita thAya che ke ACpelegAnA vatanI mULa bhrAhyaNa ke bauddha saMskRtine bhajanArA heAvA joI e ane temanI AyAta i. sa. nI bIjI sadImAM meDAmAM meADI thaI hevI joie, paraMtu je hiMdue vahelAmAM vahelA tyAM AvIne vasyA heya te Talaing talaiMga7 (barmAmAM vasatI eka jAta )ja hatA. talaiMga te trikaliMgamAMthI enA dharma vize haju paNa tIvra matabheda cAle che--udbhavyeA che. ane trikaliMganA uddabhava ja I. sa. nI ghaNI sadI bAda thayA che. eTale saMskRtinA uddabhavatA samaya meDAmAM meDA I. sa. nI bIjI sadIne je khAdakAma puravAra karI rahyo che te A trikaliMga zabdanI utpattinA samaya sAthe ( i. sa. nI ghaNI sadIne manAya che. mATe ) meLa khAtA nathI. mATe saMskRti kayA dharmanI gaNavI te vize atyAre te bahumatabheda rahyo gaNavA paDaze. athavA uparanA maMtavyane uthalAvIne khIjA rUpamAM raju karIe ke temanA maMtavyanuM samAdhAna thaI jAya ane temanI maMjhavI rahelI muzkelIone ukela AvI gayA kahevAya, te rUpa A pramANe kahI zakAya; ke jo trikaliMga zabdanuM astitva I. sa. pU. nI bIjI sadInuM athavA meADAmAM mAruM, I. sa. nI bIjI sadInuM puravAra thaI jAya teA trikaliMganI prajA barmAmAM thaI ne, hiMdI A pelegAmAM jaI vasI rahI gaNAya ane te pramANenI sthiti sarjAya tA kheAdakAmanA pariNAmane paNa samarthana maLatuM gaNAya; vaLI te pramANe thatAM, tyAM prathama brAhmaNA ane pachI auDho AvyA kahevAya. eTale ke jo ema puravAra karI devAya ke trikaliMga zabdanI vaparAza I. sa. nI khIjI sadImAM athavA te pUrvemAM paNa hatI ja te, badhI dhaDa ( aitiAsika temaja sthApatyanI ) baMdhakhesatI thaI jAya che. A pramANe vastu (37) te pustaka pR. 95: It is now universally acknowledged that tho Talaing people of Burma though of Mon origin, obtained their name from Tri-kaling =have te| sarvAMtra mAnya thai paDayuM che ke, barmAnI leMga prAnI utpatti, bhale meAnamAMthI thaI che paraMtu te talaiMganuM mULa tAtrikaliMgamAMthI ja che. (kahevAnI matalaba e che ke kharmAmAM jene laiMga hevAya che, tenuM mULa atyAre te meAnamAMthI thayuM manAya che, paraMtu AdheAdhe jatAM te tenuM mULa trikaliMga prAmAMthI ja maLe che te satra svIkArAyalI mInA tarIke ja lekhAya che.

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360. rAjA khAravelanuM dhArmika [ dazama khaMDa sthiti che ke nahi teja have ApaNe jovuM rahe che. vidvAna lekhakanA mata pramANe sthApatya viSayaka ane jeke majakura vidvAna lekhake, pitAnI rIta pramANe, aitihAsika purAvAthI sAbita thaI zake che ke I. teja pustakamAM AgaLa jatAM pR. 97 thI 107 sa. pU. nI athavA to I. sa. nI ekAda sadInA arasAmAM sudhI pAsIphIka mahAsAgaramAM Avela aneka TApuonI tyAM hiMdI prajAe vasavATa karyo hato e pramANe purAtattva ne lagatI hakIkato vize aneka vidvAnonAM trIjo mata che. rAjA khAravelanA jIvana vRttAMtathI have utArA laI amuka nirNaya upara AvavA mahenata to ApaNe jANI zakyA chIe ke tene samaya i. sa. pU. karI che, paraMtu chevaTa to anizcita ja rahyuM che. to paNa cothI sadIno hato temaja te pote trikaliMgAdhi eTaluM spaSTa thAya che ke, teo mi. perI nAmanA pati hatA tathA tenI ANa cakravata samAna hatI. A sarva vidvAnanA matane vadhAre majabUta ane vajanadAra sthitine-cAre matane-je sAra ekatra karI guMthIzuM lekhI atyAra sudhInA hiMdI ane yuropI vidvAno tema mAnavAne kAraNa rahe che ke, hiMdanI te samayanI je mata dharAve che tene kAMika bhrAMtijanaka (are ob. Aryana prajA-Akho trikaliMga-Arya saMskRtithI pradipta sessed) gaNAve che. paraMtu bhUlavuM joituM nathI ke banI rahyo hato. tethI te prajAne Aryana ja kahevAya. temanuM A maMtavya, upara darzAvI gayela temanA vicArane vaLI temanI ja tailaMga nAmanI-olAda barmAmAM jaIne AzrayIne baMdhAyela che. eTale amArA mate vidvAnonI vasI hatI tethI prajAe dUra pUrvanA hiMdamAM jaIne mAnyatA che te vyAjabI lAge che. vidvAnonuM mata vasavA mAMDayuM hoya to temAM kAMI zaMkA jevuM ke Azraya temaNe A zabdomAM vyakata karyuM che. 38 They (In pAmavA jevuM nathI. India and Europe, the majority of upara pramANe eka vakhata sAbita thaI gayuM ke, scholars) therefore look upon Indo trikaliMganI Aryana prajA sauthI prathama iniziyAmAM -nesia as being colonized by Aryans jaI vasI hatI ane temano samaya I. sa. pU. nI be either two centuries before or after ke cAra sadI che; te pachI te Aryana prajA kayA the birth of Christ=teo hiMdI ane yuropI dharmanI hatI te puravAra karavuM te to sahaja vAta che. viThAnene moTo bhAga) teTalA mATe evA matanA che ke vidvAna mahAzaye to ema jaNAvyuM che ke, prathama ke I. sa. pU. nI athavA te isunA janma pachInI brAhmaNa ane pachI bauddha saMskRti tyAM pravezavA pAmI be sadI pUrve, Arya prajA inDoniziyAmAM (sumAtrA che jyAre jainonuM to nAma nizAna paNa nathI. chatAM jAvA ane AkapelIgevALA TApuomAM) AvIne eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, A pramANe temane vasI rahI hatI. AmAM Aryana prajA eTale hiMdI je mata baMdhAya che te Aryana prajA tyAM IsvIsananI saMskRtithI raMgAyelI prajA samajavI rahe che. eTale keTalIye sadI bAda javA pAmI che evI hakIkta uparathI temanI mAnyatA evI che ke, Aryana prajA je inDo- che; bAkI tyAMnA purAtatvanI mUrtio uparathI pita, niziyAmAM jaIne vasI hoya che, tene samaya i. sa. tyAMnI Aryana prajAnI vasAhata vize je mata pU. nI ke i. sa. nI bIjI sadI pUrvano ja hovo joIe. pradarzita karI zakyA che, te vastuo vize bolatAM39 A pramANe vidvAnono mata eka bAju che. vaLI pR. jaNAve che "one peculiar feature of these 356 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke trikaliMga prajA pazcima statues is disproportionate size of the ane pUrvanA dariyAmAM paryaTana karI tyAM vasAhata karI ears-which we find in Jain and Bud|hatI te bIjo mata che. hisTarI opha orIssAnA dhistic images of India from the Gupta (38) jue majakura pustaka pR. 15. (39) hisTarI opha erIsAnuM pustaka paheluM pR. 9,

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pacama pariccheda period downwards= putaLAMnI khAsa viziTatA te temanA kAnanuM asamAna kada che (eTale ke mAryu ane dhaDa; te enA pramANamAM kAnanI laMbAI je joIe te karatAM vizeSa che) A pramANenI sthiti, gupta samayanA pachInI jaina ane bauddhanI mUrtiomAM ApaNI najare paDe che." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke mUrtinA kAna jotAM, te i. sa. nI trIjI ke ceAthI sadInA kALanI jaina ane bauddha mUrtinA jevI dekhAya che. dhyAna rAkhazeA ke ahIM temaNe brAhmaNa dharma ke vaidika saMskRtinuM nAma ja lIdhuM nathI; jyAre prathama vakhate temaNe ja mata ApyA che ke, vaidika saMskRti pahelI pravezI hatI ane pachI ja bauddha che ane jainanuM te| nAmanizAna paNa nathI. A uparathI samajAya che ke temane peAtAne amuka nirNaya upara AvavAne bahu kaThina lAgyuM che. lagabhaga dazeka varSa upara DaoNkTara nAga nAmanA baMgALI vidvAna je khAsa A sumAtrA ane jAvAnI mulAkAte gayA hatA temaNe pAchA AvatAM peAtAne thayela tyAMnAanubhava upara muMbaImAM dhI rAyala eziyATika sAsAITInI zAkhAmAM eka sarasa pravacana ApyuM hatuM. temAM paNa evA ja dhvani nIkaLatA hatA ke A sarva bauddha saMskRtinA ja pratApa hatA. matalaba ke temaNe paNa vaidika saMskRtine prAdhAnya ApyuM nahetuM ja. ATalI tavArIkhathI samajAya che ke, Aryana prajAmAMnI vahelAmAM vahelI jo kAi paNa saMskRti te bAjI javA pAmI hoya teA vaidika nahIMja paraMtu te bauddha ke jaina ja che. A khemAMthI pahelI kaI javA pAmI che te eka gauNu viSaya che. chatAM jo ApaNe aitihAsika dhaTanAonA AdhAre eTaluM paNa kahI zakIe chIe ke, rAjA khAravelanA samaye eTale i. sa. pU. nI ceAthI sadIthI trikaliMganA vatanIe kharmomAM utaravA maMDayA hatA, ane tyAM temane tailaMga nAmathI oLakhatA hatA; temaja kALe karIne temanI zAkhAprazAkhAo, inDAniziyAmAM paheAMcI hatI; te pachI nIce jaNAvelI traNa sthiti jevI ke (1) A zAkhAprazAkhA bauddha saMskRti vALI ja hatI (2) 3 jaina ane bauddha saMskRti 46 tathA sAmAjIka jIvana 361 khahArathI jonArane khate, eka sarakhIja lAgatI hAvAthI (jIe pu. 2 mAM prathamanA e paricchedanuM varNana) vidvAna te e vaccenA taphAvata pArakhI zakyA nathI tethI ja evuM uccAraNa karatA thayA che (3) ke pachI azAka ane priyadarzina samrATanA zilAlekha vaccenI bhinnatA nahIM samajAyalI hAvAthI jema ekanI kRti khIjAne nAme caDAvI devAI che--devAya che, tema ahIM paNa banavA pAmyuM che; temAMthI kaI sthiti hAvAnuM vAstavika che te saMzAdhananA eka mahattvanA viSaya banI rahe che. jema anne jaNA jainadharmInuyAyI hatA tema aneka khAkhatAmAM tee sarakhA darajje mUkAya tevA guNA dharAvatA hatA. eke jema kaliMgajInamUrtine kabajo meLavavA AkAzapAtALa eka karyuM hatuM tema khIjAe karliMgadeza peAtAne hastaka levA mATe peAtAnI jIMdagImAMnuM ajoDa yuddha khelyuM hatuM. A banne prasaMgeAmAM banne jaNAne svadharmI eTale jainAvalakhI rAjA sAthe ja bAtha bhIDavI paDI hatI teTale darajje samAna prasaMgeA lAdhyAnuM kahI zakAya. eka peAtAnA dharmanAM dyotaka smAraka tarIke thAkabaMdha dravya kharcI mahAvijaya nAme prAsAda, arjuna kAyaniSidI stUpa, zramaNavihArA I. baMdhAvI tenA nibhAvArthe pUjAne dAna ApyAM che tathA kAyamI pagAra bAMdhI ApyA che tyAre khIjAe, lAkhA ane karADAnI saMkhyAmAM navAM ja jInAlaye, mUrtie ( dhAtunI temaja pASANanI ane kAI kAI prasaMge suvarNanI- kiMmatI padArthAnI ) baMdhAvyAM che tema anekanA jIrNoddhAra karAvyAM che. eTale ke bannee svadharmarakSaNArthe navIna pravRtti AdaravAmAM tathA je hatI tene kAyamI manAvavA mATe ekasarakhA purUSArtha sevyA che. tema banne jaNAe dAnazALAo tathA dharmazALA, paNa baMdhAvI che. khanne jaNAe yuddhamAM ekasarakhAM parAkrama ane zaurya jema dAkhavyAM che tema parAjIta pratye hRdayanI udAratA batAvI teone temanA asalanA sthAna upara punaHsthApita paNa karyAM che. dekhItI rIte priyadarzina sAthe khAravelanI sarakhAmaNI

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priyadarzina ane [ dazama khaMDa A pagaluM bharavAmAM jo ke banne sarakhA dekhAya che tenA karatAM kudarate pADelI pharajane lIdhe upADayuM hoya chatAM eka rIte priyadarzinano naMbara temAM uco makI ema vizeSapaNe dekhAI Ave che; jyAre priyadarzine zakAze; kemake, rAjA khAravelanA samaye parAjItanAM manuSyonAM kalyANa mATe te pitAno utsAha satata cAlu rAjya sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI levAnI tRSNano janma rAkhyA hatA eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu pazuonA ArAma thayo nahAto, bake te haja uddabhavamAM hatI tyAre mATe sArA rastAo baMdhAvavAnuM, rastA upara vRkSa samrATa priyadarzinanA samaye to tevI bhAvanA kAlIkalIne ubhAM karAvavAnuM ane temane tathA vaTemArguo mATe moTA vRkSarUpe paNa thavA pAmI hatI; chatAM teNe ArAmagRhe baMdhAvavAnuM paNa te bhUlyo nathI. uparAMta chatAyalAM rAjyo jemanAM hatAM temane pAchAM suprata karI bimAra paDatAM manuSyo ane pazuo mATe davAkhAnAM ane dIdhAM che te tenA hadayanI vizALatA hatI eTale te rUgNAlayo paNa nibhAvyAM che. jyAre khAravelanA hisse kahevuM ja paDaze. banne jaNAe dharmapracAra arthe paNa prayatna temAMnuM kAMI ja noMdhAyuM nathI. alabatta khAravelanA sevye ja che; chatAM kahevuM paDe che ke rAjA khAravele pallAmAM eTaluM jarUra mUkI zakAze ke teNe kaI rIte mAtra vyApAra nimitte paryaTane jatA zAha sodAgaranA prajApIDananI vRtti dAkhavI nathI balake taddana upekSAphilAo dvArA ja tevAM pagalAM bharyAnuM kahI zakAya; vRtti ja keLave gayo samajAya che. athavA saMkSiptamAM bhale A pagalAM pUrvamAM pAsiphika mahAsAgaramAM kahI zakAya ke rAjA khoravelane rAjya amala prajAkiya Avela inIzIyA dIpa sudhI ane pazcimamAM kAryo karavAmAM zUnyavat hato jyAre samrATa priyadarzinane IrAnI akhAta sudhI laMbAyAM hatAM, paraMtu te tenI rAjya amala sarvakSetrI ane pragatikArI hatA; eTaluM ja pitAnI ja skaraNAthI udabhavela karatAM, vizeSapaNe to nahIM paraMtu te, aharniza prajAkalyANanI bhajanA ane vyApArIoe tsAhathI bharyA hatAM ema samajAya ciMtavana karato ja dekhAya che. rAjA khAravelanA AvA che; jyAre samrATa priyadarzine te dharmapracArane vega valaNa mATe kadAca kahI zakAze ke tenA samaye kALadevanIApavAne kema jANe eka khAtuM ja rAyakharca upajAvI avasarpiNI kALanI-asara eTalI badhI thavA pAmI nakADhIne nibhAvye rAkhyuM hoya tema dekhAya che. eTaluM ja hatI ke jethI eka rAjAne prajAkalyANa tarapha satatadhyAna nahIM paNa tenI kAryavAhInA sarvoparI adhikAra pada ApavuM paDe. rAjyavistAranI bAbatamAM eka sAmAnya paNa pote ja rahI niyamitapaNe tenI dekharekha ane rAjavI karatAM rAjA khAravela je ke ati vistRta pradeza daravaNuM karye rAkhI che. tethI svabhAvika che ke uttaramAM upara pitAnI hakumata sthApavAmAM phatehamaMda nIvaDayo madhya eziA sudhI, pazcime eziyAI takanA hato, chatAM mahArAjA priyadarzinanI tulanAmAM te tene siriSa sudhI dharmapracAra karavAmAM temaja tenAthI dUra rAjyavistAra mAtra trIjA ke cothA bhAgane ja kahI pradezanA rAjavIo sAthe mitrAcArI bAMdhavAmAM te zakAze. eTale rAjyavyavasthAne aMge mahArAjA phaLIbhUta thayo che. eTale ekanA rAye dharmavistAranuM priyadarzinanA AkhA ye jIvanamAM buddhicAturyanI thayelI kSetra pUrva tarapha laMbAyuM hatuM jyAre bIjAnA samaye je athAga khilavaTa saheje tarI Ave che temAMthI pazcima tarapha laMbAyuM hatuM. paraMtu phaLanI dIrdhatA, cokkasatA rAja khAravelanI pratibhA darzAve tevInuM te. ghaNe aMze ane saMgInapaNunI apekSAe te, priyadarzinane khAte nyUna-bake zUnya kahe te paNa cAlI zake teTaluM ja vizeSe yaza nAMdhavo ja rahe che. lokaraMjana mATe bannee pradarzana thayuM che samAje, ItyAdi kAryo karyo dekhAya che. chatAM rAjA A pramANe keTalIka bAbatamAM bannene darajajo khAravele sIdhI rIte prajA-sukhane sparze tevAM kAryo sarakho hovAnuM jema naMdhI zakAya tevuM che tema hAtha dharyAnuM dekhAtuM nathI. jo ke teNe nahera khodAvavAnuM ghaNI ye bAbatamAM ekane vadhAre ane bIjAne ochA kArya karyuM che paraMtu te lAsathI pAra pADayuM hoya, hovAnuM paNa dekhAI Ave che. chatAM be traNa muddA

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363 paMcama pariccheda ] khAravelanI sarakhAmaNuM evA che ke jemAM priyadarzinane naMbara khAravela karatAM baLatuM hatuM te dRSTie te mahArAjA priyadarzina ane ghaNe nIce utarI jAya che. temAM eka te e ke rAjA khAravelane eka ja kakSAmAM mUkavA rahe che. priyadarzine bhale potAnI kIrti jagaAzakAra karavAnI (4) vaDagrIva : parvatezvara umedathI, zilAlekho ane staMbhalekhe ubhA nathI karAvyA rAjA khAravelanuM maraNa thatAM, kaliMgapati tarIke chatAM ye jANye ajANye teNe pitAnuM nAma te temanA yuvarAja kumAra vakragrIvane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo ketarAvyuM che ja, jyAre rAjA khAravele zilAlekha hato. tene rAjyaamala ma. sa. 134 thI 155 = ubho karAvavAnuM te alaga rAkho paraMtu kyAMya pitAnuM I. sa. pU. 393 thI 372 sudhInA 21 varSane gaNI nAma suddhAMta ketarAvavAnI paNa kanavAra rAkhI nathI. te zakAze. tene janma mahArAjA khAravelanI vadharavALI saghaLuM tenI rANIe ja karAvyuM dekhAya che ane temAM paNa rANInA peTe ma. sa. 105 ( tenA rAjyAbhiSeka bAda rAjA khAravele kaI jAtane Adeza karyo hoya ke IcchA sAtame varSe eTale 98 + 7 = 105) = I.sa. pU. pradarzita karI hoya evuM ye samajAtuM nathI. bIjuM e 422 mAM thayo hato. eTale pite gAdIpati tarIke che ke banne jaNuM, upAsaka vRtto levAM sudhInA I. sa. pU. 397 mAM birAjamAna thayo tyAre tenI daravAje pahoMcyA te che ja, paraMtu rAjA khAravela tethI ye umara barAbara trIsa varSanI hatI ane 21 varSa AgaLa vadhIne rAyelagAma mUkI daI tathA taddana nivRtta rAjya karI maraNuM pAmyo che eTale tenuM AyuSya thaI svaAtmakalyANa sAdhavAmAM paNa ratta thayo dekhAya che 51 varSanuM hatuM ema kahI zakAze. jyAre priyadarzina vRtta lIdhAM pachI AgaLa vadhavAmAM maurya samrATa caMdragupta kevI rIte, prathama nAno taddana aTakI ja gayo che. sarakhAmaNInA ATalA mulaka meLavIne tyAM potAnI gAdI karavAthI maryavaMzanI ATalA aMza hovA chatAM, samrATa priyadarzana pazu- sthApanA karI hatI tathA te bAda avazyaka lAgatAM kalyANanA mArgo akhatyAra karavAmAM jema nirALo pAsenA pArvatIya pradezanA adhipatinI kumaka meLavI te paDI jAya che tema rAjA khAravela eka bAbatamAM vakhatanA magadhasamrATa naMdanavamAnI upara AkramaNa laI tadana ja na paDI jAya che. pustakeddhAranuM ane jaI tene harAvI pote I. sa. pU. 37ra=ma. saM. 155 sannasaMrakSaNanuM kArya rAjA khAravele ja mAtra karI mAM magadha samrATa banyo hato, te sarva vRttAMta ApaNe batAvyuM che jyAre samrATa priyadazine te dizAmAM pra. 2 mAM caMdraguptanA vRttAMte vistArathI jaNAvI gayA kicita paNa prayAsa sevyo dekhAto nathI. te mATe banavA chIe. tyAMnA vRttAMta karatAM vizeSa zedhane aMge je khAsa joga che ke kadAca sthiti ane saMjogo ja javAbadAra anya vigata jaNAvavI rahe tenuM ja nidarzana atra hovA joIe athavA haze. ApaNe ema to nathI karIzuM. mudrArAkSasa nAme prAcIna saMskRta nATaka racAyeluM ja kahI zakatA ke mahArAjA priyadarzina pustakanuM che temAM A pArvatIya pradezanA adhipatinA nAma mahatva AMkavAmAM rAjA khAravela karatAM kaI rIte tarIke. je sAmAnya nAma kahevAya tevuM. parvata dezano pazcAta paDI jato hato athavA te bAbatamAM te ajJa svAmI: Izvara=parvatezvara jaNAvela che. AgaLa jatAM A hato paraMtu amAruM kahevuM che eTaluM ja che ke temanA parvatezvaranA putra ane samrATa caMdragupta vacce je yuddha haste tevuM kArya thavA pAmyuM nathI; pachI kAraNa game thavA pAmyuM che temAM tenuM nAma malayaketu jaNAvela te heya. che; tathA caMdraguptanA mahAmaMtrI pa. cANakya pitAnA bAkI rAjA khAravelanuM jIgara jainadharma pratye hoddA uparathI phAragata thaI rAjapurohita tarIke kAma (40) jue hAthIgaphA lekha pati 7 tathA uparamAM vidvAnoe je ema jAhera karyuM che ke, te samaye 25 me (4) A uparathI samajAze ke khAravelanI umara parathI varSe gAdI saMpAtI hatI (jIo . 280) te vAstavika nathI

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364 vIva parvatezvara [ dazama khaMDa karato hato tyAre mahAmaMtrInI pharajo je vyakti adA tenA sAmAnya ke rAjakIya jIvana vize kyAMya karI rahI hatI tenuM nAma rAkSasa jaNAvyuM che. jyAre ullekha thayela vAMcavAmAM AvatuM nathI paraMtu ekAda ApaNe ahIM parvatezvara jevA sAmAnya nAmane sthAne be banA noMdhAyAnI je hakIkata bahAra AvavA vikragrIva ane tenI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAranuM nAma pAmI che te uparathI tenuM anumAnika svarUpa citarI makaradhvaja uphe malayaketu jaNAvyuM che. A nAma zakAya tema che ke pite vilAsI jIvana gALatA ho kayAMthI42 amane maLI AvyAM che. tene barAbara joIe; tenuM mRtyu je Akasmita saMyogomAM thavA cokkasa sthAna atra maLatuM nathI. paraMtu sarva vigata pAmyuM che te uparathI ja mukhyapaNe A anumAna ghaDavuM barAbara che eTale eka vakhata bhale nAmanI heraphera paDayuM che temaja tene samarthana karatA bIjA purAvAo puravAra thaI jAya to paNa itihAsanI daSTie AlekhA- aMdhrapatinA jIvanamAMthI paNa labdha thAya che. te hakIkata yalI hakIkata te kAyama ja rahe che ema samajavuM. eTale A pramANe che. khAravelanA vRttAMtamAM puravAra karAyuM itihAsa AlekhanamAM hAla turata rAjA khAravelanA che ke, teNe caMdravaMzanA sthApaka rAjAzrImukhane harAvI putra ane uttarAdhikArI tarIke parvatezvaranA sthAne te karI. nasADIne nAsika bhego karyo hato tyArathI A vyaktinuM nAma vakragrIva kAyama rAkhyuM che. tathA te aMdhapatie khAravelanA"3 khaDiyA jevA banI gayA vakragrIvanA putra tarIke malayaketa uphe makaradhvaja paNa hatA tathA aMdhabha tarIke oLakhAtA thayA hatA. kAyama rAkhIzuM. vaLI A malayaketunA pakSe rahIne samrATa A aMdhabhUlyo pAchaLathI rAjA vakragrIvanA rAjyakALa caMdraguptanI sAme yuddhamAM jhajhumanAra tarIke vaicaka-ke- vaLI svataMtra banI beThA hatA'4 ema temanA sikkA vairocananuM nAma devAyuM che ane tene malayaketunA kAkA uparathI samajAya che (te mATe juo pu. 5 mAM tarIke hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. eTale te badhAnI vacceno temanA vRttAte) eTale svabhAvika rIte evA anumAna sagapaNa saMbaMdha batAvavA mATe A sainyapati vairocakane, upara javuM rahe che ke, rAjAvakragrIva majazekhavALuM kaliMgapati vakragrIvano bhAI tathA samrATa khAravelane putra tathA idriyAsakata vilAsI jIvana gALato hovo joIe. havAne nirdeza ApaNe pR. 353 mAM karavo paDayo che. A dakSiNApathanA rAjAo, jeo khAravelanA samaye A sivAya tenA kuTuMba vize vizeSa kAMI jANavAmAM tene AdhIna hatA te svataMtra banI javAthI, kaliMga AvyuM nathI. paraMtu tenI umara, uparanA pArigrAphe je sAmrAjyanI hada vakragrIvanA samaye ghaNI saMkucita banavA 51 varSanI lakhI che temAM eTaluM vadhAre sUcavI zakAze pAmI hatI; chatAMye kaliMgAdhipatinI gaNanA te mahAke, tenuM maraNa je Akasmita saMjogomAM banavA pAmyuM rAjyanA eka samrATa tarIke ja thatI hatI. eTalA mATe ja hatuM (juo AgaLa upara) tema na thayuM hota te tenI 5. cANakya rAjA caMdragupta taraphathI magadha upara caDAI. AyuSyadarI vizeSa laMbAI hota kharI. laI javAmAM A vakrIva parvatezvaranI madada meLavavAnI (42) prAcIna bhAratavarSane A AkhAye itihAsa patinA khaMDiyA hatA ane pAchaLathI magadhapatinA khaMDiyA asalamAM lagabhaga dazeka varSa upara lakhAyela che. te samaye thayA hatA. eTale temanA uparanI sArvabhauma sattA che ke pharI je kAcI nedha hatI temAMthI upayogI utAra karI karIne gaI hatI kharI, paraMtu temanI potAnI sthiti te je bhUtyAH kAcI nedha phADI nAkhavAmAM AvI che, eTale atyAre tenI tarIke hatI te to amuka vakhata sudhI kAyama ja rahevA pAmI meLavaNI karavAnuM sAdhana rahyuM nathI. tethI vinaMti ke pragaTa hatI ane eka karatAM vizeSa rAjAe tevA hatA mATe bahuthayela pustakomAMnI hakIkata jyAM asaMgata dekhAya vacana vAparavuM paDayuM che. tyAM atra darzAvelI vigata pramANe sudhAro karIne (44) zrImukha te potAnA zeSa sattAkALamAM AMdhrabhAtya vAMcI le. ja hato paNa tenI pachI gAdIe AvanAra tene putra (43) khAravelanA ja khaMDiyA hatA ema hakIkata nathI; tathA nAno bhAI I. svataMtra thaI gayA hatA tethI atra paraMta gheDe vakhata khAravelane ane tenA vaMza ja kaliMga ApaNe bahuvacana vAparyuM che,

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E paMcama paricheda ] malayaketu makaradhvaja 365 yAcanA karI hatI. traNa ApyuM. ahIM paNa paM. cANakaye pitAnuM buddhi trikaliMgAdhipati rAjA vikragrIvane aMga, vaMza ane kauzalya pAchuM dAkhavyuM. rAjA vakragrIvanuM valaNa strIkaliMgadezanA samaDhavALA pradeza rAjA khAravelanA maraNa saMgI che te sArI rIte jANato hato, eTale je bAda vArasAmAM maLyo hato temAMnA aMgadezane cedi svarUpavatI viSakanyA mahAnaMdanA rAja hatI tene, nAmathI itihAsakAroe eALakhAvyo che. A pradezano rAjA caMdraguptane zAnamAM samajAvIne AgaLa dhapAvI. eka bhAga je magadhanI sarahadanI aDoaDa 5raMtu rAjA rAjA vakrIva te lAvaNyamayI lalanAne jotAM ja vakragrIvanA sattAsthAnathI atidura Avela hato temaja kAmAtura thaI gayo ane aDadhA rAjyanA badalAmAM te parvatanI nAnI nAnI zaMkhalAvaDe viTaLAyela hevAthI kanyAnuM pANigrahaNa karIne ja saMtoSa meLavavA IcchA pitAne surakSita sthAnarUpa nIvaDavA jevo lAgato hate pradarzita karI. catura cANakayane te eTaluM ja joItuM te paDAvI laI tyAM rAjacaMdragupta prathama rAjagAdI hatuM. taratA tarata lagnanI taiyArI karAvavA mAMDI. I. sa. pU. 381mAM sthApI hatI (sthAna mATe juo45 lagnanI kriyAmAM, viSakanyA rANIne hasta meLApa pu. 1 mAM navamAnaMdanA rAjya vistAra vALo nakazo) thatAM, je vidhi karavAnI hatI temAM samaya paNa tathA AgaLa jatAM vadhAre majabUta banyo hato. chatAMye te lAge ja eTale te daramiyAna hastadhayamAM-karasaMpuTamAM kAMI magadhapati sAme mAthuM ucakavA jevI sthitie parase upaje te dvArA rAjA vakragrIvanA zarIramAM te pahoMcyo na ja kahevAya. tema bIjI bAju vakhata viSe praveza thavAthI te muchagita thayo ane pariNAme te pasAra thaye ja jato hato ane e paNa ekkasa hatuM TuMka samayamAM tyAMne tyAM ja mRtyuvaza thayo. A banAva ke "bhIkhanAM hAMlAM kAMI zIke caDatA nathI' eTale 5. magadhanI bhUmi upara banyo gaNAya. cANakaye keInI madada meLavavA najara doDAvavI ja rahI. A pramANe rAjA vakragrIvane te rAjyane aDadhe paraMtu kAi samartha bhUpati tene upayogI thAya tevo te bhAga levA jatAM, rAjya to eka bAju rahyuM paraMtu bhAge parvatezvara liMgapatija hatA ane tene te pitAne duzmana na maLe ane ulaTo jAna gumAvI paDaze. I. sa. banAvI dIdho hato. jethI tene potAnA pakSamAM meLavI pU. 72. A banAvane catura cANakayanI rAjakIya levo te azakaya ja gaNAtuM ? paraMtu rAjya lAbha zuM zagaMjamAnA aneka paTakhelananA maMgaLAcaraNamAMnuM nathI karI zakatA ? A uparathI ja magadhapati navamA eka gaNavuM raheze. naMda sAmenA yuddhamAM madade ubhA rahevAnA badalAmAM vakragrIva zA mATe nAma paDayuM che? tenI Doka rAjAvakagrIvane aDadhuM magadha sAmrAjya ApavAnI zarate vAMkI hatI ke kema? athavA te kharUM nAma bIjuM ja 5. cANaye potAnI buddhinA baLe, pitAnA pakSe hatuM e muddA vize kAMI prakAza paDato nathI. meLavI lIdhuM hatuM. te bAda banne vacce mahAyuddha thayuM (5) malayaketu; makaradhvaja, mayUradhvaja. ' ane pariNAme mahAnaMda-navamAnaMdane gAdI tyAga karavA rAjA vakragrIvanuM maraNuM magadhanI bhUmi upara paDayo tathA caMdragupta magadhapati banyo I. sa. thavA pAmyuM hatuM te ApaNe uparamAM joI gayA 31=ma. saM. 155. have caMdragupta rAjAvakragrIvane chIe. eTale kaliMga dezamAM tenA maraNa vize apAyala patAne kela pALavAno avasara Avyo. teNe aneka gapagoLA uDavA mAMDayA hatA.. yuvarAja rAjAvakasIvane rAjyanA mAnavaMta mahemAna tarIke magadhamAM malayaketue kaliMganI rAjyalagAma hAthamAM te lIdhI padhArI icchApUrvaka aDadhe hisse laI javA Ama- paraMtu pitAnA pitAnuM mRtyu zaMkAspada saMjogomAM (45) pelI DozI ane khIrapatuM tenuM bALaka tathA ullabha dIdhAne prasaMga I. I. A sarva hakIkata A 5. cANakayanI kAma karavAnI nIti-rIti; te DozImAe pradezamAM banavA pAmI hatI ema samajavuM,

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malayaketuH makaradhvaja 366 thavAthI--ane te paNa maitrI dharAvatA rAjAnA darabAramAM thavAthI--tenA manamAM dhaNA khaTakA rahI javA pAmyA hatA. eTale teNe kAMIka AvezamAM ane kAMIka rASamAM caMdraguptanA magadeza upara caDAI karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. rAjA khAravelanA maraNa samaye joke sArAye dakSiNahiMdu kaliMgane tAbe hatA paraMtu tenA maraNu khAda rAjA vatrIne peAtAnA vilAsI jIvanane aMge dhaNAkharA bhAga gumAvI dIdhA hateA; jene asalamAM aMgadeza kahevAtA hatA, te jema . rAjA caMdragupte te magadhapati banyA te pahelAM hastagata karI lIdhA hatA tema bAkInA aMgadeza-varADa prAMtanA bhAgamAM tathA pazcimaghATa vALA pradezamAM je aMdhrapati zrImukhe rAjA khAravelanA bhRtyaH tarIke ANu svIkArI hatI ane jenA putra atyAre gAdIe hatA te pazu svataMtra khUnI gayA hatA. eTale teTalA bhAga paNu kaliMganA sAmrAjyamAMthI khAtala thai ja gayA kahevAya. adhurAmAM purUM, te gautamIputra yajJazrIe tathA tenA pachI AvanAra trIjA aMdhapati tenA kAkA kRSNa vasiSTha putre, nijhAmI rAyavALA bhAga paNa paDAvI lIdhA hatA. ceAlA, pallava ane pAMDaya rAjA vize. jo ke bahu jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI paraMtu saMbhavata che ke, kAM teo svataMtra banI gayA haiAya athavA te upara varNavelA khIjA ane trIjA zAtakaraNInA tAme gayA haiAya. game tema khanavA pAmyuM hoya paraMtu eTalI sthiti nakkI che ke, te sadhaLA karliMgapatinI ANumAMthI te| khasI gayA hatA ja. TUMkamAM kahI zakAze ke vakragrIvanA maraNa samaye kaliMganA sAmrAjyanI hada ahu ja saMkucita khanI gaI hatI. A kAraNathI rAjA malayaketunA nazIbe bahu nAnA pradeza ja hAthamAM Avyo hatA ema kahevuM paDaze. eTale jyAre caMdragupta, malayaketunA pitA vakrIvanI madada lIdhI hatI tyAre peAte bhale nAnakaDA pradezanA ja rAjavI hatA, paraMtu atyAre te te moTA rAjyanA mAlika banI beThe| hatA. temAMye magadha sAmrAjyanI bhUmimAMthI je kAMi bhAga paDavAnA hatA, te have rAjAvakragrIvanuM maraNu thatAM senA hissAmAMja rahI javA pAmyA hatA. eTale atyAr [ kAma khaMDa caMdragupta samrATa upADayo paNa upaDe nahIM tevA khanI gayA hatA. A pramANe eka pakSe malayaRtunI ane khIjA pakSe caMdraguptanI sthiti rAjya vistAra paratve banI rahI hatI. chatAM malayaketue upara kahI gayA pramANe samrATa caMdraguptanA darabAre akasmAtathI peAtAnA pitAnA nIpajelA avasAnane aMge pragaTI nIkaLelA rASane lIdhe caDAI laI javA IcchA karI hatI. te pramANe yuddha paNa thayuM hatuM jenA pariNAme tenI hakumatamAM ulaTA vizeSa kApa mUkAyA temaja te pote kheAja gumAvI beThA. kadAca te yuddhamAM maraNu paNa pAmyA hAya. kAi rIte kAMi cesa sthiti uccArI zakAya tema nathI. eTale hAla tA anumAna karavuM rahe che ke, uparanA yuddha bAda jo te jIvatA rahevA pAmyA haiAya te paNa bahu ja nAmAthI bharelI sthitimAM, ane ekadama nAnA pradeza upara ja adhikAra bhAgavate paDI rahyo haiAya. vaLI te bAda thADA varSamAM tenuM maraNu nIpajatAM ceviMzanI samApti thaI gaI gaNAze tathA kaliMgadeza haMmezane mATe magadha sAmrAjyanA eka aMza banI gayA gaNAze. A khanAvane samaya ApaNe aMdAje i. sa. pU. 361 nA mUkIzuM. cedivaMzanI samApti thai gayAnuM ApaNe eTalA uparathI jaNAvavuM paDe che ke maurya caMdraguptanA pAtra samrATa azokavardhananA darabAramAM je grIka elacI megesthenIsa AvyA hatA teNe hiMdanA keTalAMka vidyamAna rAjyA vize hakIkatA jaNAvI che temAM AMdhra rAjyanuM nAma levAyuM che paraMtu cedinuM nAma dekhAtuM nathI. eTale ceviMzanuM nAma ja kAMtA tenA samaye tadna lupta thaI gayuM kahevAya athavA te ceviMzanI sthA5nA ja megesthenIsanA samaya bAda thai haze ema mAnI levuM joie. paraMtu ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe, temaja hAthINuMkAnA lekha paNa jaNAve che ke, rAjA naMdanA samaye A cedivaMzanA rAjA kSemarAja haiyAta paNa hatA ja. eTale ke naMdavaMza ane cedivaMza eka vakhata samakAlIna paNe vartatA hatA ane eka khIjAnI harIphAimAM rAja calAvye jatA hatA; jethI sAbita tha gayuM ke, cedivaza megesthenIsanA samaya

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cama paricheda ] cedivaMzane aMta 367, pUrve astitvamAM hato ja. 6 paraMtu jyAre te hiMdamAM samApti thaI gaI hovI joIe. tene samaya I. sa. pU. Avyo tyAre cedivaMza nahe. A uparathI anumAna 361 no je jaNAvyuM che tenAthI kadAca be varSa thAya che ke, rAjA malayaketunA maraNa bAda te vaMzanI Aghe pAcho hoya te te judI vastu kahevAya. (46) uparamAM rAjA khAravelane samaya vicAratAM, tathA hatA temAM pU. 320 TI. naM. 20mAM jaNAvela hakIktane te agapati puSyamitranA samakAlIna kaI rIte na hoI jema hamero kare rahe che tema A bInAne paNa umere zake tenI dalIla karatAM, je lagabhaga vIseka muddA TAMkayA kare paDaze.

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368 [ prAcIna pariziSTa cedivaMzanA jIvana maraNa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA athavA kahe ke tenA nAma mAtrane duniyAnI jANumAM lAvanAra hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM ane rAjA khAravelanuM vRttAMta A khaMDamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. atyAra sudhI to te bannene je hakIkata sIdhI rIte aitihAsika dRSTie sparzatI hatI temanuM ja varNana uparanA paricchedamAM karAyuM che; paraMtu keTalIka hakIkata evI paNa che ke je cedivaMzane ke hAthIguphAnA lekhane sIdhI rIte sparzatI nathI, chatAM tenA varNana upara ADakatarI rIte asara kare tevI dekhAya che athavA to te lekhanI hakIkatanI sAthe kaMIka rIte guMthAyalI mAlUma paDI che, eTale tene paNa, jyAre A paricachede te lekhano prasaMge upasthita thayo che tyAre, sAthe sAthe jaNAvI devAya to vAstavika gaNAze; te gaNatrIe tevI alaga paDI jatI vigatone A svataMtra pariziSTamAM utAravI yogya dhArI che. rAjA khAravela jenadharmanuyAyI che temaja hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM darzAvAyelI aneka hakIkate paNa tenA dharmanI sAtheja saMkalita thayelI che eTaluM have nakkI thayuM che. vaLI te sarva bInA lekhanA AdhAre jaNAyela hovAthI tene aphara ane aTaLa ja mAnavI rahe che. ATalI vAta khIle baMdhAyAthI bhAratIya ItihAsamAM AvatI tathA najare paDatI aneka bAbatomAM kharuM zuM che te tapAsI jovAne, kasavAne ane te uparathI aMtima nirNaya upara AvavAne, ApaNane eka mApa-cAvI-kATaluM hAtha AvI gayuM che ema jarUra kahI zakAze ja. dharma e evI vastu che ke dunyavI jaDa padArtho karatAM, AtmAnA ciMtanyamaya ane tejapUMja sarIkhA padAthe sAthe te vizeSataH jakaDAyelI rahelI che; eTale ja tenI agatyatA. jayAM jaDa vastune prAdhAnya manAtuM hoya, tyAM jeTalI svIkAravAmAM AvatI hoya, tenA karatAM jyAM cetanavaMtA AtmAnA gauravanI pIchAna karavAmAM AvatI hoya, tyAM anekAMze vizeSataH svIkArAya che. A kAraNathI duniyAnA I karatAM, bhArata dezamAM dharmanI bAbata upara vizeSa jora-zora devAya che. A eka sthiti thaI. bIjI sthiti e che ke, jyAM sudhI AtmaguNane tenI sthitimAM rahevA devAmAM Ave ane jaDatAne paNuM tenI svIkRta adhikAra jeTaluM ja mahattva ApavAmAM Ave, tyAMsudhI te vizvabharamAM badhuM naisargika rIte ja cAlyA kare che tevuM dekhAya. paraMtu jevuM jaDa ke caitanyamaya vastunA adhikAra upara AkramaNa thavA mAMDayuM ke khaLabhaLATa thavAne, thavAno ne thavAne ja; jeTaluM AkramaNanuM pramANa vadhAre, teTale khaLabhaLATa-krAMti vadhAre. eTale sAmAjIka kAryo ke jemAM cetanavaMtA dharmane, jaDa gaNAtI rUDhIo ane vyavahAro sAthe kAma levAnuM hoya che, tyAM nAnAM pramANamAM AkramaNane avakAza rahetA hovAthI nAnA prakAranA khaLabhaLATa thatA dekhAya che. jyAre rAjakrAMtiomAM athavA te rAjakIya kSetromAM, rAjasattAnA jore (1) dharma zabdamAM jyAM pUrva samaye cetana bhareluM hatuM tyAM atyAre jaDatAnI bhAvanA ghara karatI jAya che. eTale hadayanA bhAva sAthe je dharmane asalamAM saMbaMdha hatAM te have naSTa thaI gayo che ane kevaLa bAhya je aMge hatAM tene ja dharmanA nAmathI saMbodhAvA maMDAyuM che. tethI vartamAnakALe vaidikadhamI hoya teNe zivamaMdire javuM, arthe caDAvavuM, nAvuM devuM, gAyatrInA be pATha meDhethI belI javA eTale patI gayuM; jainadharmIe navakAra gaNavA, maMdire javuM, cAMdalo karo, bahu tyAre nAhIne pUjA karavI eTale patyuM. A pramANe bAhyanA vidhividhAnane ja-jaDa padArthane jadharma tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvI rahyo che. ATale daraje AtmA ane jaDa vastuonA adhikAra kSetre AkramaNa thayAnuM gaNavuM paDaze.

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bhAratavarSa ] pariziSTa dhaDamULathI pheraphAra karAtA heIne, te samaye thatA khaLabhaLATa-palaTAo-krAMtio javALAmukhIrUpe pragaTI nIkaLatAM jaNAya che. hiMdustAna upara aneka rAjasattAoe pitAne adhikAra bhegavyo che, te te spaSTa che ja; tema rAjasattA, te paNa ATha prakAranA gaNAtA madamAne eka che ja. eTale rAjasattA jyAM sudhI pitAnA madane aMkuzamAM rAkhIne varyA kare, tyAM sudhI te bahu vAMdhA jevuM dekhAtuM nathI ja; athavA - bahu bahu te, uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe sAmAjIka kSetromAM dekhAI AvatA khaLabhaLATa jevo chamakalAM ja aMhI tuMhI najare paDayAM kare; paraMtu jevo te mada tenI hada kadAvI gayo ke kayAM AgaLa te aTakI jaze te kahevuM ke kalpavuM jema azakya che tema, temAMthI nIpajatAM pariNAmanuM paNa samajI levuM. eTale ja sara jona barDavuDa sAhebanuM kathana je pR. 330 upara TAMkI batAvyuM che ke "bhAratavarSa meM jItanI dhArmika aura rAjanItika-krAMtimAM huI hai. ItanI saMsAra ke anya kisi dezameM nahIM huI" tenI yathArthatA turata samajI zakAze. atyAre ApaNA upara pAzcAtya saMskRtimAM taraboLa thayelI rAjasattAne amala cAlatuM hovAthI, tenA guNadoSa ApaNAmAM pravezaMvA pAmyA che. temanI rAjanIti, sattAmadane amuka prakAre saMyamamAM rAkhIne kAma levAnI hovAthI, dharmakSetre ke sAmAjIkakSetre moTo khaLabhaLATa thato najare nathI paData. paraMtu temanI nIti, dharmamAM rahelA Atmatatvane maMdapravAhathI khaseDI, svasaMskRtinI jaDamaya asara prasarAvavAnI hovAthI, temaNe bhAratasaMtAnone apAtI keLavaNIne vahIvaTa tAnA kAbUmAM lIdhA ane tenuM pAna gaLathuthImAMthI karAvIne uchera karavA mAMDayo. eTale jema jema keLavaNI prAsAdita varga umare pahoMcavA mAMDayo tema tema tenI jaDatA dekhAvA mAMDI. A kathananI satyatAnA purAvA sArAye bhAratavarSanA cAre khUNethI, keLavaNInA pratApe ApaNA hiMdIonA thayela mane parivartana ane cAritryasaMbaMdhI saMbhaLAtI phariyAda ane rodaNAM uparathI atyAre ApaNane maLI Ave che; eTalA uparathI ja ApaNA dezabaMdhuoe taka maLatAM ja te keLavaNIno rAha badalAvavAnA nizcaya upara AvIne, tenA kharA mArge javAnuM prayANuM karavA mAMDayuM che. A sthiti to vartamAnakALanI thaI. paraMtu bhArata upara jyAre mogalAI cAlatI hatI tyAre te saMskRtinuM prAbalya jAmI paDayuM hatuM; te pUrve muslIma mahujabanA aneka videzI rAjakartAone rAjavahIvaTa cAlatA hatA tyAre temanI saMskRtie jora pakaDayuM hatuM; tema te pUrve jyAre guptavaMzI ane rAjaputa kSatriyonI saMskRtine adhikAra tapI rahyo hato tyAre vaLI temanI saMskRtine sUryodaya thaI rahyo hato. A pramANe saMskRtinA AkramaNa ane vikAsane ItihAsa kahevAya. A bIjI sthiti thaI. A be prakAre ja sthiti sadAya pravartatI rahe che. uparanA pArigrAphamAM be prakAranI je naisargika vastusthiti hevAno citAra Apyo che, te kudaratI niyama pramANe cAlyA ja kare che, temAM koIne doSa Apavo raheto nathI; temaja be traNa saMskRtinA je daSTa uparamAM apAyAM che te badhAM evA samayanA che ke A pustakane varNana mATe ApaNe TharAvelI maryAdAne kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI eTale ApaNe te choDI devAM rahe che. paraMtu varNananI samayamaryAdAmAM je vastusthiti AvI paDatI hoya teno khyAla to ApaNe Apa ja rahe. temaja je kALano itihAsa ApaNe AlekhI rahyA chIe te kALe sArAye bhAratavarSamAM traNa saMskRti ja vidyamatI hatI. eTale je samaye je saMskRtinA rAjakta rAjasattA upara hoya te samaye te saMskRti sauthI vadhAre taravaratI najare paDe te dekhItuM ja che. pachI tenuM varNana karanAra ke tevI saMskRtinuM jora hatuM ema kahenAra, game te matane anuyAyI hoya to paNa temAM tene deSa zuM? teNe te je vastusthiti pitAne satya tarIke lAge te vinAsaMkoce temaja gopavyA vinA niSpakSapAtapaNe, dAkhalA dalIlo sAthe vidhipUrvaka sapramANu batAvavI ja rahe; nahIM te pakSapAta karyAne athavA te vastugepanano doSa tene zIre ulaTo AvI paDavAno ja. je A vastusthiti

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370 pariziSTa [ prAcIna barAbara khyAlamAM rakhAya te vAcakavarga turata samajI zakaze ke, AvI paristhitimAM te pramANe vastunA AlekhanArane doSa? ke vartamAna paristhiti anvaye baMdhAI gayela svanirNita matane dRDhapaNe vaLagI rahIne AlekhAyelI vastune jenArane deSa? vastusthiti A pramANe pravartatI rahelI heIne, ATalo lAMbe prastAva karavo jarUrI lAge che. have A pariziSTamAM AlekhavA dhArelI aitihAsika ghaTanAo samajAvavA prayatna karIzuM. prathama ApaNe, nahapANa kSaharATa ane gautamIputra zAtakaraNI-rANa baLathInA pautra saMbaMdhI ghaTanA vicArIe. A banne rAjavIoe pitAnA nAme nAsikanI guphAomAM staMbha ubhA karAvyA che. A staMbhanA zIrAbhAge siMha ane vRSabha ketarAyela che. staMbhanI kArIgarI vize ApaNe A sthAne kAMI ulekha karavAnI jarUra nathI. (Icchukavarga, pharagyusana sAheba kRta hisTarI opha InDIyana ane IsTarna ArkITekacara bhAga 1 pR. 185 nuM varNana joI levuM). paraMtu A prANIcitro vize tathA te rAjAonA dharma vize be zabda kahevAnA che. vidvAnoe A bane staMbhone bauddhadharmanAM pratIkasamAM mAnyAM che. chatAM khUbI e che ke, nahapANane jainadhama hovAnuM have teo svIkAratA thayA che tathA gautamIputrane athavA te AkhA zAtavahanavaMzane ane tethI karIne temAMnA keTalAka rAjAo je zAtakaraNI nAme oLakhAtA thayA che temane vaidikamatAnuyAyI hovAnuM TharAve che. dekhItuM ja che ke vaidika ane jaina rAjAo baddhadharmanAM pratIke ubhAM karAve te vidhAna ja buddhine anusaratuM nathI; tyAre kharuM zuM hoI zake te tattvajJAsune jANI levAnI jarUra hoya che ja. vAstavika te e ja che ke, dareka rAjA pitapatAnA dharmanuM ja smAraka ubhuM karAve. temAM nahapANu tathA tenA jJAtibaMdhu sarva kSaharATa-jainadharmanuyAyIo hatA, te ApaNe temanAM vRttAMtanuM Alekhana karatAM sAbita karI batAvyuM che (juo pu. 3 pR. 253thI 263). jyAre zItavahanavaMza sthApaka rAjA zrImukha pote tathA tenA vaMzajo mukhyabhAge (vacce thoDAka apavAda sivAya; I. sa. 78mAM jyAM sudhI temAMnA eka rAjA maitamIputre vaidika dharma aMgIkAra karIne zakasaMvata pravatAvyo nahote tyAM sudhI teo jaino ja hatA;) te hakIkata prasaMge pAta uparanA bhAgamAM ApaNe jaNAvI dIdhI che. vaLI A gautamIputranA sikkA uparathI (jAo pu. 2 sikkA citra AMka naM. 75-76) paNa sAbita thAya che ke te jainadharmI hatA. tema teNe zakAri vikramAdityanI saMgAthe (juo uparamAM tenuM jIvanacaritra) rahIne jainatIrthanA avataMsa samAna zatruMjaya upara amuka amuka dharmakAryo karAvyAnuM paNa seMdhAyuM che. eTale spaSTa thAya che ke gautamIputra pote paNa jainamatAnuyAyI hatA ja. vaLI pu. 5 mAM temanA svataMtra adhikAranuM varNana karatAM savistarapaNe A hakIkata zilAlekha ane sikkAonA purAvAthI ApaNe sAbita karI ApIzuM. eTale hAla te tene svIkAra karIne ja AgaLa vadhIzuM. matalaba e thaI ke rAjA nahapANa tathA gautamIputra zItakaraNa bane jANuM dharma jene ja hatA. eTale temaNe je staMbha ubhA karAvyA che temAM, je kaI dazya ketarAvyAM hoya te sarvemAM, te dharmanA siddhAMtane anusarIne ja kAma levAyuM hoya te dekhItuM ja che. A niyamane svIkAra karAya te e paNa spaSTa thaI jAya che ke, siMha ane vRSabhAdi pazuo te samaye jainadharmasUcaka cinha ja | (2) balake kaho ke, je khaMbhe tyAM ubhA karAyA che temane oLakhAvavA mATe vidvAnoe, nahapANu pIlara ane gautamIputra pIlara evAM nAmo ApyAM che. (a) nahapANu staMbha, naM. 8nA nAme oLakhAtI nAsigaphAnI ezArImAM ubhe karela che. (ba) gautamIputra staMbha naM. 8nI guphAmAM Avela che. () siMha te jenenA 24mA tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIranuM laMchana-oLakhacinha che jyAre vRSabha te pahelA zrI aSabhadevanuM cinha che.

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bhAratavarSa ] pariziSTa hatAM. (bhale A samayabAda aneka dharmakAMtionA samaye tenuM anukaraNa anyadhamIoe karI vaLyuM hoya te vastu judI che) eTale A niyama-siddhAMtane ApaNe te dharmanAM dazyonuM rahasya ukalanAra eka cAvIrUpa gaNIzuM. - have bIjAM be daSTAMta laIzuM. saMkisA ane tirahuTa pIlarsa (juo citra AkRti naM. 49 tathA pa0). A bannene vidvAnoe bauddhadhamAM jAhera karyA che. paraMtu AmAMno tirahuTastaMbha te samrATa priyadarzinanI kRti che; tenI Toce siMhAkRti paNa che. samrATa priyadarzinanA vRttAMte puravAra karI apAyuM che ke te rAjA jainadharmo hato ane teNe pitAnA dharmanA chellA pravartaka zrI mahAvIranA jIvanamAMnA amuka prasaMgane aMge tyAM staMbha ubho karAvyo hate. vaLI te mahAvIranuM oLakha cinha-laMchana, siMha hAIne teNe te staMbhanA zirAbhAge goThavI dIdho che. matalaba ke tirahuTa staMbha jenene che. tevI ja rIte saMkisA pIlaranuM paNa samajavuM. phera eTalo ja ke, A staMbhanI Toce hAthI che. alabata A hAthInuM mAthuM khaMDita thayeluM hovAthI mAtra dhaDa ja ubhuM raheluM dekhAya che. paraMtu tenuM citra evA prakAre levAyeluM che ke ghaNuM ghaNuM vidvAnoe tene siMha ja mAnI lIdho hate. have te bhrama nIkaLI gayo che ane te hAthI ja che ema spaSTa thayuM che. A hAthInA cinhane paNa jainadharma sAthe ja saMbaMdha che. tenI sAthe bauddhadhamane zuM saMbaMdha hoI zake te amArI jANamAM nathI. hoya to te upara keI sajajana jarUra prakAza pADe ema ApaNe IcchIzuM. eTale have samajavuM rahe che ke A banne staMbha paNa jenadharmane ja lagatA che. uparamAM staMbhenI hakIkata tapAsI che. have caraNa pAdukA hoya tevAM dazyanI hakIkata vicArIe. te mATe be citro raju karyo che. te bane A pustakanA mukhapRSTha joDela che. A banne citronuM prAptisthAna amarAvatI stUpa nAme oLakhAte Tepa, je ThekANethI maLI Avyo che te ja che; athavA ema kahe ke te svapanA ja A aMza che. A amarAvatI stUpane mahAvijayaprAsAda kahevAya che; temaja hAthIguMsAnA lekhathI have sAbita thaI gayuM che ke te rAjA khAravele baMdhAvyo che. eTale ke A amarAvatI sta5 tathA tenuM sthAna jenadharmanuM ja sthAna che. vaLI pu. 1 pR. 150 thI AgaLanA varNane ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe ke A sthAne I. sa. pU. 580gna samayamAM bennAtaTanagara nAmanuM mahA samRddhivALuM ane zrImaMta jaina vepArIothI vaseluM zahera AvI rahyuM hatuM; anumAna thAya che ke A zaherano nAza I.sa.pu.. A staMbhane atyAra sudhI bauddhadharmanA manAyA che eTale A pazuonA cinhone bauddhadharma sAthe zuM saMbaMdha che te jANavAnI darekane IcchA thAya ja. (4) vizeSa adhikAra samrATa priyadarzinanuM svataMtra jIvana vRttAMtanuM pustaka ame bahAra pADavAnA chIe te juo. (5) hisTarI opha inDIana enDa isTarna AkaTekacara pu. 1. pR. 58. The shaft is surmounted by an elephant but so mutilated that even in the 7th cent., the Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsiang mistook it for a liontaMbhanI Toce hAthI che paNa te evI khaMDita avasthAmAM che ke, I. sa.nI 7mI sadImAM pelA cinAI yAtrika hyuenazAMge tene siMha dhArI lIdho hato. (9) uparanI naM. 3 nI TIkAmAM jema covIsamA ane prathama tIrthaMkaranAM laMchananI hakIkata che tema atra jaNAvela hatI te bIjA tIrthaMkaranuM cinha gaNAya che. (7) mi. jemsa pharagyusana kRta hi, . I. A. pu. 1. pR. 223 ane 49 upathI anukrame lIdhAM che. (8) jemsa pharagyusana sAhebe jaNAvyuM che ke-From bas-relief at Amaravati amarAvatI svapanA kotarakAma uparathI lIdhela che. (9) A badhA varNana mATe uparamAM 5, 317 thI AgaLa juo,

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392 pariziSTa [ prAcIna nI 1 lI sadI ke te arasAmAM thayo haze. A badhA purAvAne ekatrita karIne gUMthavAmAM Ave to eka ja sAra nIkaLI zakaze ke amarAvatI stUpa jainadharmanuM ja smAraka che. eTale A caraNapAdukAvALAM baMne dasya baddhanAM nathI paraMtu jenAM che ema sAbita thayuM gaNAze. caraNapAdukAo ane AvAM dazyane vidvAna bhale bauddhadharmanAM jaNAve che chatAMye te saMbaMdhI temaNe darzAvelA vicAre ApaNe jANavA jevI che. kotarakAmanI oLakhanA UMDA abhyAsI ane te bAbatamAM jemaNe be meTAM pustake bahAra pADavAM tathA je eka sattAsamAna lekhAya che tevA mi. jemsa karaDyusana jaNAve che ke 10 As repeatedly mentioned, there is as little trace of any image of Buddha or Buddhist figure being set up for worship, much before the Christian Era vAraMvAra kahevAmAM AvyuM che tema, buddhadevanI kaI mUrtinI athavA bauddhadharmane lagatI keI AkRtinI, I. sa.ne AraMbha thayo te pahelAM lAMbA kALe pUjA nimitte sthApanA thaI hoya, tene jarA paNa cinha ke nizAnI maLI AvatI nathI. matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, IsavI sanane AraMbha thayo tyAM sudhI te bauddhadharmamAM koI AkRti ke pratimA jevuM pUjanane mATe hatuM ja nahIM. athavA bIjA zabdomAM kahIe te evI matalaba thaI ke, IsavInA zakano AraMbha thayo te pUrve bauddhadharmIomAM pUjana mATe keI jAtanI pratimA ke AkRti nahotI ja; heya te ye haju caraNa ke pAdukA hovA saMbhava che. jyAre uparanAM cAre dazyomAM nahapANa, gatamIputra, saMkisA ane tirahuTa staMbhamAM) te AkRtio sthApana thayAnI ja sthiti batAvI che. eTale temanA zabdathI ja siddha thayuM ke A staMbhane zrAddhadharma sAthe lAgatuM vaLagatuM nathI. brahanI mUrti saMbaMdhI jema A vidvAno mata paDayo che te ja pramANe tevA eka bIjA vidvAne bhArahata stUpa ke je atyAre moTA bhAge zrAddhadharmanuM smAraka hovAnuM manAI rahyuM che temAMnA keTalAMka citro uparathI pitAne mata raju karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke, "As usual, the Buddha himself is not delineated at the Bharhuta Stupa=hamezanI peThe bhArahuta svapamAM buddhadevanI AkRti-rekhAcitra pADavAmAM AvyuM nathI" eTale temanA kahevAno matalaba ema che ke, jyAM jyAM buddhadeva (bauddhadharma saMbaMdhI) saMbaMdhI smAraka karavuM hoya athavA temanI sthApanA batAvavI heya-temanuM pratibiMba darzAvavuM hoya, tyAM tyAM hamezAM, mUrti rUpe ja te khaDuM karAya che; jyAre bhArahutanA svapamAM tema karavAmAM AvyuM dekhAtuM ja nathI. tAtparya ke bhAratane stUpane bIjAe bhale bauddhadharmanA ghAtaka tarIke lekhatA haze, paraMtu pitAne te bAbatamAM zaMkA udabhavI che; kemake jo te dharmanuM sthAna te hota to. hamezanI praNAlikA mujaba te sthAne buddhadevanI pratimA ja padharAvI heta; nahIM ke caraNa pAdukA. A kAraNathI pite te bhArahatanA sthAnane boddhasthAna lekhatA acakAya che. uparamAM raju karelAM cha e daSTAMte vidhAnI mAnyatA pramANe baiddhadharmanAM ghAtaka nathI, paraMtu jaina dharmanAM te smaraNa cinha che ema ApaNe dAkhalA dalIlothI puravAra karI batAvyuM che. vaLI AgaLa pAchaLanA saMjogo ane hakIkatane AdhAre te badhuM kahevAmAM AvyuM che eTale temAM zaMkAne sthAna paNa rahetuM nathI. chatAM kaIne ema zaMkA uddabhave ke, A badhA purAvA ane temAM karelI carcA pakSa-IndirectjevI kahevAya, tenA karatAM jo pratyakSa-direct-purAvA te mATenA maLI Ave, athavA raju karAya to te vizeSa vajanadAra kahevAya. tethI temanAM mananuM samAdhAna karavA mATe era bIjAM be dazya raju karIzuM. (10) jue hi. I. I. A. pu. 1, pR. 122. (13) bu. IM. 5, 15.

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bhAratavarSa ] pariziSTa 373 A be dazyo kaI ketarakAmamAMthI utArela ke kyAMkathI upajAvI kADhela namunA nathI, paraMtu jenadharmanA 23mA tIrthaMkara gaNAtA zrI pArzvanAthanI pratimAo ja che. pratimArUpe che eTale tenI oLakha mATe bIjI koI dalIlonI jarUra ja rahetI nathI. te bannene atre AkRti naM. 36 ane 37 tarIke 2jI karI che tathA tenuM prAptisthAna paNa rAjA khAravelanA mahAvijayaprAsAdavALuM amarAvatI-athavA benAtaTanagaraja che. eTale have nirvivAditapaNe kabUla karavuM rahe che ke amarAvatI stUpa jainane ja che. jema upara puravAra karI gayA chIe ke AvAM dazyo ane citre brahamatanAM nathI tema te citrone, dane athavA kotarakAmane, vaidika dharma sAthe paNa saMbaMdha hovAnuM saMbhavita nathI; A bAbatamAM eka aThaMga abhyAsI ane vidvAnanuM mata ema che ke "There is no trace of images in the Vedas or in the laws of Manu or any of the older books of the Hindus=2&aupalli ke manubhagavAnanI kAyadAthImAM athavA te hiMduonA keI paNa parANika granthamAM mUrti (pratimA)nI kAMi nizAnI (ullekha) ja maLatI nathI." tAtparya ke vaidika matamAM mUrtionI sthApanA karavAnuM prAcIna kALe hatuM ja nahIM. tyAre te vaidika matavALAe je have mUrtine pUjatA thayA che te paNa purANe racAyA pachI ja; eTale I. sa.nI cothI sadI bAda ja thayA haze ema mAnavuM rahe che. ane temaja hoya te saheje siddha thaI jAya che ke jagannAthajInI mUrtio paNa vaidika dharmane lagatI nahIM hovI joIe je hakIkata ApaNe uparanA paricchede laMbANa vivecanathI samajAvI gayA chIe. atra raju karavAmAM Avela A namunAthI have nizcita thaI gayuM kahevAze ke, atyAra sudhI je vastuo amuka cinhone lIdhe bAddhonI vidvAne e mAnI che temAM have sudhAro karavAnI anivArya jarUra che. jema bohadharmanI manAI rahelI bAbatamAM cetavaNIne avAja uThAvavAnI A pramANe jarUriyAta pIchAnavAmAM AvI che, tema vaidika tIrthadhAma jevA vizvavikhyAta jagannAthapurInI trimUrti saMbaMdhamAM, hAthIguMdAnA lekha uparathI thayela ukelane lIdhe temaja upara TAMkelA niSNAta vidvAnanA abhiprAya pachI, vaidika matane lagatI manAtI mUtio paratve paNa, cetavaNIthI kAma levAnI AvazyaktA have dekhAvA lAgI gaNAze. (12) A. sa. pI. I. pR. 15 mAM amarAvatI stUpanuM varNana jue. pu. 1, pR. 15ra thI AgaLa juo: A pustake pR. 318-19 juo. (13) jIo hi. I. I. A, pu. 1 pU. 122,

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[[ prAcIna I. sa. pU. 64 I. sa. 57 che. 43 580 57 vaMzAvalio (1) gadaMbhIla vaMza (avaMtipati) ma. . ma. saM. varSa I. sa. pU. (1) gaMdharvasenaH darpaNuH gadharUpa 453 463 10 74 zake prajAnuM rAjya (463 thI 470 = 64 thI 57 = 7 varSa) (temanAM nAma tathA rAjaasaMla mATe nIce zaka rAjAone ke juo) (2) vikramAditya (zakAri) 47 - 530 60 57 (aMtaragata) zaike 470-70=6 mAsa ( , ) bharI 470 thI keTalAMka varSa (3) mAdhavAditya 570 (4) dharmAditya 570 (5) vikramacaritra: mAdhavasena 580 (6-7) be rAjAo 620 634 (8) bhAIla 604 645 107 (8) nAIla 645 659 14 118 (10) nAhaDa 659 kula varSa 209 (2) zaka rAjAo (avaMtipati) ma. sa. ma. saM. varSa I. sa. pU. (1) azloTa 463 463 64 (2) gopALa 464 464 0 63 (3) puSpaka 464 465 1 . 63 (4) savila 467 (5) ajJAtaH badanAma 467 470 2 62. 107 118 12 10. 12 142 I. sa. pU. . 63 2aa ' kula varSa 7 thI 7 uparano gardabhIlavaza tyAre avaMtinI gAdIe nahato tyAre A zaka rAjAonA hAthamAM gAdI mavI paDI hatI. (3) cedivaMza (kaliMgapati) (anusaMdhAna pu. 1 pR. 392 uparathI) ma. sa. ma. saM. varSa I. sa. pU. I. sa. pU. (1) kSemarAja para 88 36 475 439 (2) vRddhirAja: buddharAja 88 98 10 439 429

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bhAratavarSa ] vaMzAvalio ma. sa. ma. saM. (3) bhikhurAjaH khAravela, dharmarAja 98 134 (4) vakrIvaH parvatezvara 134 155 (5) malayaketu malayadhvaja - 155 165 varSa 36 21 10 I. sa. pU. 28 393 372 i. sa. pU. 393 362 kula varSa 113 traNe vibhAga sAthe maLIne ekaMdara varSa anukrame 21+2+13=196 (4) kuzAna vaMza (mathurA pati) I. sa. i. sa. varSa kuzAne kuzAne saMvata saMvata 71 71 103 kara - 126 103 126 (1) kaDakasIjha pahelo (2) kaphasIjha bIje vema (3) kaniSka pahele (4) vasiSkaH juSkaH vaSka (5) haviSkaH hakka sAdA rAjakartA mahArAjAdhirAja, (6) kaniSka bIjo 23 6 1 thI 23 23 ,, ra9 12 143 [ 132 143 196 234 143 163=20 1431 196 234 280 (7) vAsudeva pahele (8 thI 14) sAta rAjAo 53 8 46 40 ,, 93 93 , 131 131 , 177 kula varSa 249 Akhe kuzAna vaMza Azare 249 varSa cAle che. temAM ekaMdare caudaka rAjAo thayA che. vacce kuzAna saMvata 40 thI 60 sudhInA vIsa varSanA gALAmAM be zAkhAo thaI gaI hatI. (5) caoNa vaMza (avaMtipati) I. sa. I. sa. varSa cakkanuM saM. caSThaNa saM. (1) khametika (kSatrapa) 103 117 14 1 14 (2) caMNa kSatrapa 117 132=15) - 29 mahAkSatra 142=0 ) rAja 15=10) jayakAmane (kSatrapa) 12 152=26 0 (3) dAmana 15ra 185 (4) dAmajadazrI 185 21 2 103 - (5) rasiMha pahele 26 : 223 16 100 119.. [14 12 - 142 (33

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376 vaMzAvalio [ prAcIna varSa 22 caThaNa saM. caThaNa saM. 119 122 122 144 144 145 145 1600 I. sa. 225 247 248 263 265 275 280 301 15 I. sa. 222 225 247 248 263 265 275 280 301 304 (6) chavadAmana (7) rUdrasena pahele (8) saMdhadAmana (9) dAmasena (10) yazodAmana (11) vijayasena (12) dAmajadazrI (13) rUdrasena bIjo (14) vizvasiMha (15) bhadAmana 162 ja 160 162 10 172 177* 198* - 21 172 177 198 201 201 320 16 217 avaMtimAMthI gAdI uThAvI lIdhA pachI 217 (54) caThaNuvaMza (cAlu) (avaMtipati tarIke nahIM). I. sa. I. sa. varSa 2SThaNa saM. 2SThaNu saM. (16) vizvasena (kSatra5). 320 330 10 217 227 (17) rUkasena bIje (kSatrapa) 330 342 12 227 239* (18) yazodAmana bIjo (kSatrapa) 342 359 239 256 (19) rUdradAmana bIjo (svAmI) 359 373 14 256 270 (20) rUdrasena trIjo (svAmI) 373 404 270 301 (21) siMhasena (svAmI) 404 413 310. (22) rUkasena cotho (svAmI) 413 310 satyasiMha (svAmI) 413 | 310 (23) rUdrasiMha trIjo (svAmI) 434 2nA 310 331 " 301 kula varSa 114 * rAjyasattAne aMdAja lakhyA che. chatAM phera paDaze te 1-2 varSane ja; ane te kAM rAjyalagAma grahaNa karavAnA samayamAM athavA te rAjakartA tarIke baMdha paDayAnA samayamAM; paraMtu saravALe samaya te sAceja karaze. avaMtipati tarIkeno samaya 217 varSa avaMtipati tarIke nahIM te 114 ,, 331 kala varSa

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bhAratavarSa ] samayAvadhI 53 samajUti- (1) dareka banAvanuM varNana kayA pAne che te batAvavA tene AMka sAthe Apyo che. chUTa AMka te vAMcananA pRSThasUcaka che kaMsano AMka te TIkAnA pRSThabhUcaka che. (2) jyAM eka ja banAvanI be sAla jANavAmAM AvI che tyAM vizeSa mAnanIya lAgI te ahIM jaNUvI che, ane zaMkAzIla lAgI te kasamAM jaNAvI che. - (3) jenI sAla aMdAjI gaNIne mAtra goThavI dIdhI che te mATe (?) AvI nIzAnI mUkI che. I. sa. pU. ma. sa. pU. banela banAva tathA A pustakamAM tenuM sthAna 9mI sadI bAvIsamA jaina tIrthakara zrI nemanAthano vAro te vakhate cAtA hatAH 61 877 250 zrI pArzvanAthe prarUpaNA ApavI zarU karI. 247 AThamI sadI .. 23mA tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAthano vAre 61H te vakhate be ja dharma pravartatA hatA. eka vaidika ane bIjo jena. 60 chaThThI zatAbdi ... bauddhadharmane udaya thayo. 60 583- 1 56-54 kumAra zreNika bennAtaTa nagaramAM gopALa tarIke 318. 580 zreNika magadhapati banyuM 318. 568 41 zrI mahAvIre dIkSA lIdhI (248). 559. mahAvIrane dIkSA lIdhe navamuM varSa 273. 558 31 karakaMDanuM gAdIe besavuM cedivaMzanI sthApanA 273-74, 345,(563)(pa65) kaliMgapati banyo I 272, 273, 248, 274, 231. 558thI 537; 31-10 divaMzane vahIvaTa, rAjA medhavAhane sthApanA karI tyArathI tenuM maraNu nIpajyuM ane rAjA zreNike kaliMgane magadha sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI lIdhuM tyAMsudhI 232, 236. 556 29 mahAvIrane jJAnaprApti 247 (248), 273, 345: pArzvanAthanA zAsananI samApti ane mahAvIranA zAsananI zarUAta 247. 5thI 474; 10thI ma.sa. 47 cedivaMzanA bIjA vibhAgano vahivaTaH rAjA kSemarAje svataMtra banI punarUddhAra karyo tyAMsudhIne 232. 5thI 56; 10thI 1 aMgadeza magadhanA zAsanamAM hato 237. rAja saratha gAdIe beThe 272. (divaMzanA bIjA vibhAganI zarUAta thaI). 527 mahAvIranuM nirvANa 23, 30, 271, 272, 274 mahAvIranA saMvatane AraMbha ma.sa. 106, 271. 288 (291), rAjA caMDanuM mRtyu 23, 30. 523 paMcama ArAnI Adi (samaya badalAto cAlyo). (291, (309). 520 zrI buddhabhagavAnanuM parinirvANa temane saMvatanI zarUAta 106. 507 zrI jaMbusvAmIne jJAnaprApti 215. 494. 34 pATaliputranI sthApanA (318). 492 sudhI 35 sudhI triliMgamAMnA be prAMta-vaMza ane kaliMga-karakaMDanA jAmAvaliMgapatinI hakumatamAM hatA 237. 491-82 36-45 udayAdhe siMhaladvIpasudhInI jamIna magadha sAmrAjyamAM ANI (55). : - 537 20

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samayAvaLI [ prAcIna 468 488 39 zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI (caMdragupta mauryanA gurU)nI dIkSA 315. 482thI 452 45thI 5 siMhaladvIpamAM aMdhAdhuMdhI-lUMTArUnI rAjasattA 297. 474thI 361=53thI 166 divaMzanA trIjA vibhAgano vahivaTa 232 (249), kSemarAje kaliMganI gAdI kabaje karI(45, 242, 247, 272).cedivaMzanA trIjA vibhAganI Adi (33). 475 thI 468 sAta varSanA gALAmAM kSemarAje orisAnA prAMta chatIne kalIgamAM bheLavI lIdhA, 243. 4ja anurUddhanuM maraNa 231. 472 55 naMdivardhanane rAjyAbhiSeka ra67. 468 kSemarAja naMdivardhana sAthe yuddhamAM utaryo 243: naMdivardhane kaliMga upara caDAI karIne kaligajInI mUrti magadhamAM upADI laI gayA 244. magadhamAM be kudaratI kApaH eka anAvRSTine 289, bIje kepa ativRSTine 289 (462 ?); 290 (58). 468 pUrve 59 pUrva magadhamAM rAjA naMde nahera khodAvI hatI 289. 467 naMdivardhananI avaMti uparanI sattA cAlu hatI 23. 463 jaMbusvAmInuM nirvANa (308; te samaya bAda keTalIka cIjono uccheda thaye 315. 458 pUrve jainadharma uDIsAmAM hatuM tenI sAbitI (301). 456 naMdivardhananuM mRtyu 274-745. 454 . 77 rAjA khAravelano janma 348. 449 khAravela yuvarAjapade 348. 439 rAjA kSemarAjanuM maraNa 242-249. 432 siMhaladvIpamAM abhayavijayanA rAjyanI zarUAta 262; teno rAjyAbhiSeka 282, 297. 429 98 rAjA vRddhirAjanuM maraNa ane khAravelanuM kiliMgapati banavuM 255, 262, 27ra. (vidvAnonI mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. pU. 183): yuvarAja khAravelanI sIna upara caDAI 262. 429 98 khAravelane rAjyAbhiSeka 271, 283, 288, 296. 429thI 397 98thI 134 rAjA khAravelane samaya (280) (318) 348. 428 99 magadhapati naMda bIjAnuM maraNa 283. 427 100 zatavahanavaMzanI sthApanA (271) 283, (284). 425 102 AMdravaMzI AghapurUSone samaya 266-255; bennAtaTanagaranI jAherajalAlI cAlu hatI 318; te jAherajalAlI I. sa. pU. trIjI sadI sudhI jaLavAI rahI hatI 318. 104 rAjA khAravele chaThThA varSe rAjasUya yajJa karyo 293. 42 105 khAravelanA yuvarAja vakagrIvane janma (294), 351, 323, 363. 421 106 rAjA khAravele mahAvijaya prAsAda baMdhAvyo 321. 418 19 rAjA khAravele dakSiNahiMdamAM lUTArUToLIe baMdhAvela maMdine nAza karyo (355). 415 112 hAthIguphAne lekha ketarAvA 351; khAravele pustakeddhAra karyo 316.

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257 356 171 170 bhAratavarSa ] samayAvaLI cothI sadI . aMdhrapatione samaya 266. 393 134 rAjA khAravelanuM mRtyu 271. 393thI372 134thI 155 rAjA vikragrIvane rAjyakALa 363. 381-82 146-45 caMdragupta mauryavaMzanI sthApanA karI 268, 365. 372 pUrve 155 pUrve amarAvatI mahAvijayaprAsAda A samaye haiyAta hata 320. (ApaNI gaNatrIe . sa. pU. 43thI 394mAM tenuM nirmANa thayuM che). 372 155 rAjA caMdragupta magadhasamrATa banyo parvatezvara vakragrIvanI madadathI navamAnaMdane harAvIne 363, 365: avaMtinI pUrNa jAherajalAlI caMdraguptarAye 24; naMdavaMzane aMta 268; vakrIvanuM maraNa 365. (cothA rAjAnuM maraNa 232). 371thI357156thI 170 zrI mahAvIranI pATe bhadrabAhune samaya 309; (temanA samayamAM magadhadeze be duSkALa paDayA hatA). 361 166 kaliMgadeza magadha sAmrAjyanuM aMga banyo 366H cedivaMzane aMta ka67. zrI mahAvIranI gAdIe pUlIbhadrajI hatA (291). jenAgamano hAsa thavAnI AgAhI 310 256 zrI bhadrabAhunuM svarga 315, 312: bhadrabAhu aMtima zrutakevaLI 310; caMdragupta rAjA dIkSA laIne gurUzrI bhadrabAhu sAthe cAlI nIkaLyA 310; zrI mahAvIranI gAdIe sthUlabhadrajI (2001). 327 alekajhAMDaranuM hiMdamAM AvavuM 296. 327thI 314 ... grIka bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhanA sUbAonI paMjAba upara sattA124 314thI 191 .. hiMdu rAjAonI (priyadarzina ane tenA putranI) paMjAba ane kAzmira uparanI sattA 124 304 hiMdamAM (yu. pI. vALA prAMtamAM, khAsa karIne te vakhatanI kauzAMbI nagarInI AsapAsamAM) duSkALa hatA (291) 300nI AsapAsa rANI nAganikAno zilAlekha 254 trIjI cothI sadI AMdhrapatine samaya 266 298thI 280 ... yajJazrI (aMdravaMzI)ne samaya (318) 280thI 244 ... pulumAvI( , ) , (318) 281 kaliMgapati ane dakSiNApathanA zAtakaraNIne priyadarzine harAvyo 212. 24rathI 500 bauddhadharmane lIdhe hiMdudharma DhaMkAI gayo hato evI mAnyatA 157. 225 pleccha prajAmAM Arya saMskRtinuM pramANa ochuM hatuM; paraMtu I. sa. 100 sudhI Aryo sAthenA sahavAsamAM rahIne teo sudharI gayA hatA 164; jAloke plecchone harAvyA 164. 200 ... samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNa bAda tenA putro, jamAI vi. te te dezanA svAmI banI beThA 105. trIje sake eziyAnA ghaNA kharA bhAgomAM jaina saMskRtine pracAra thavA pAmyo hate 16. pataMjalI mahAzayanuM maraNa 26. : : :

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= samayAvALI [ prAcIna 188 . rAjA puSyamitrano rAjyAbhiSekane samaya (vidvAnonA mate) 261, 262, 268, ApaNI mAnyatA pramANe rAjA puSyamitranuM maraNa 296. 183 rAjA khAravelanA rAjyAbhiSekanI mAnyatA (vidvAnone mata) 268, 26, 269. 169 zAtakaraNI, zAlIvAhana ane khAravela samakAlIna hovAnI vidvAnonI mAnyatA (267). 159 kSaharATa saMvatanI sthApanA; bhUmaka jyArathI mahAkSatrapa banyo tyArathI tenI zarUAta 106. 151 zaMgavaMzI rAjA baLamitra-bhAnumitranA mAmA kAlikarine samaya (12). 129 juSkapura vasAvAyAno samaya 163. 127thI 74 gardabhIla rAjAvALA kAlikasUrine samaya (12). 114. kSaharATa bhUmakanuM maraNa 195. InDopArthiana zahenazAha mojhIjhanA rAjyanI zarUAta kara. 81 zakAri vikramAdityano janma 35. 74 nahapAnuM maraNa 2; gardabhIlavaMzanI sthApanA 2; rAjA darpaNuM, gadharUpa; gaMdharvasenanuM gAdIe AvavuM 3, 5, 7; kAlikasUrinA yuga pradhAnapadane tyAga (12). jathI I. sa. 45 sudhI paMjAba ane sUrasena upara InDopArthiana zahenazAha, mejhIjha, tathA tenA vaMzajo ajhIjha pahelo, ajhIlIjha, ajhIjha bIjo tathA geDaphAranesanI sattA jAmI paDI hatI 124. 64 - rAjA gardabhIle avaMtinI gAdIne tyAga karyo ; zakaprajAnuM rAjya avaMti upara zarU thayuM 3. 64thI 57 , zaka rAjya avaMtinA pradeza upara 3; (temAM pAMca rAjAo thayA; aslATa, gepALa, puSpaka, zarvila ane badanAma, pRSTha 20). rAjA gardabhIlanuM mRtyu 3. vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA ajhIjha pahelAnA vakhatathI thaI hoya evI vidvAnonI mAnyatA 68, 76; paraMtu te beTI che 77; vikrama saMvatanI zarUAta zakAri vikramAdityanA rAjyArohaNuthI thaI che 106; zakAri vikramAdityane samaya (333), zaka prajAnA rAjayane aMta ane zakAri vikramAdityanuM gAdIe AvavuM 3, 7, 41, 6, 7, 82; zakAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha zaka sAthe kArUra mukAme 82; vikramAditye zaka prajAnuM nikaMdana kADhayuM 67 (67) (78). kAI paNa sArvabhauma sattAdhArI rAjAe atyAra sudhI saMvata zarU karyo hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI 63. zAtavahanavaMzI rAjA hAlane vikrama saMvatane sthApaka kahI zakAya nahIM; kAraNake te I. sa. pU. 57 pachI dazeka varSe thavA pAmyo che 73, sara kaniMgahAmanI gaNatrIe, vikrama saMvatanI gaNanA 56 i. sa. pU. che. nahIM ke 56mAM (21) (82). maka prajAnuM nikaMdana gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe kahyuM (vidvAne mata) 67-1,

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576 bhAratavarSa ] samayAvatI 381 57 470 vidizAnuM ujajaDa banavApaNuM 25. (tenI sthApanA para7mAM hovAthI 450 varSanI jAhojalAlI teNe bhogavI kahevAya). zakAri vikramAditya ane zakanuM yuddha; kArUra mukAme 82. 47 480 zAtakaraNa rAjA ariSTakarNanuM mRtyu 22-41. 25-20 502-57 pulumAvI zAlivAhane, kAramadaka rAjAne harAvIne tenI putrIvere lagna karyuM 212. 4 523 Isu bhagavAnane janma 106, 112, 113. i. sa. 1 527 IsvIsananI Adi thaI, Isu bhagavAnanA janma pachI 3 varSa. 3-4 530-1 vikramAdityaH vikramasiMhanA rAjyanI samApti 79: maraNa (52) ane mAdhavAdityanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7, 52. 6 533 rAjA hAla zAlivAhananuM maraNa (52). 2thI 57 554-584 AcArya zrI vajIsvAmIne samaya 51, 52. 31 558 kaDaphasIjha pahelo gAdIe Avyo (31thI 71) 135, 140, 223. (vidvAnanA mate 4thI 78; 128). 570 mAdhavAdityanuM maraNuM ane dharmAdityanuM gAdIe AvavuM che, para. 572 InDopArthiana zahenazAha geMDophArane uttara hiMdamAMthI gAdI khAlI karIne IrAnanI gAdIe beThe 42, 50, 132, 140. cakaNa mahAkSatrapanuM maraNa 186; rUdradAmanane rAjyakALa 49thI 72; 186. dharmAdityanuM maraNa ane mAdhavasena; vikramacaritranuM gAdIe AvavuM 7, 52. takSilA viSe juo nIce 70nI sAla. kazAnoe takSazilAne nAza karyo tevI mAnyatA 144;keAI ke 60nI sAla paNa kahI che. kaDakasIjha pahelAnuM maraNa ane kaDaphasIjha bIjAnuM gAdIe AvavuM 175, 140, 141, (135) 144, 223; kaDaphasIjha bIje (78thI 110, 128 vidvAnonA mate). ApaNA mate 71thI 103. 77 604, cinAI elAdanA saradAranA vaMzanI sthApanA gaNI zakAya 143. khalansa gAme makaDakasIjhanA zilAlekhamAM je AMka che tenA saMvatanI Adi. 143 78 ? 605 ? gardabhIlavaMzane aMta 3. zaka saMvatanI sthApanA 101, 106; rAjA ajhIjhe te sthApyo nahote 100 zaka saMvatanI sthApanAnA samaya vize zaMkA (96), 188. * 67 prema ane cinAI saradAra sAthenuM yuddha. 144 620 vikramacaritra; mAdhavasenanuM maraNa 7 (44, 3); 54. 95 ka22 takSilAne nAza, 145. uparamAM 70 nI sAla juo. 107-126 630-653 kaniSka pahela 223, 163, 106, 135 (1rathI 16; 128). 100-117 60-644 dhAtika kSatrapanA zAsanakALa 223. 1030 caSaNa saMvatanI Adi thaI che enI sAbitInI noMdha 12, 131; kazAna saMvatanI sthApanA kaniSka pahelAe karI 223; cakaNazakanI sthApanA thaI 227; kazAna vaMzI rAjAonI sattA (78, 50, 106, 205, 193, 106, 205, 184)10, 106 633 sAranAthane zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka pahelAna) 223, 580 587 597 598 che

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38ra 107 112 115-17 117-132 118 120 121 123 126-132 127 128 129 131 132 132thI 143 132-142 13} 142 143 144 145 152 34 154 163 639 mathurAnA zilAlekha (rAjA, kaniSka pahelAne) 223. 642--644 metikanuM maraNu ane caNanuM kSatrapa thavuM 194, 206, 208, 223. caRNunA kSatrapapadane samaya 163. 645 47 nAilsa gardabhIlanuM maraNu ane nAhaDanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7 (9; 3). nAhaDanuM maraNa ane gardabhIlavaMzanA aMta 7, 55; (78; 3); dhvameAtikanA putra caNe atinI gAdI hAtha karI 6, 55. caNunuM mahAkSatrapapada 223; teTalA ja samaya mATe rAjA haviSNu rIjaMTa tarIke ane kaniSka bIjAnI sagIra avasthA 223, 135, 163 (160thI182; 128). mathurAnA zilAlekha (huviSNune) 223 kaniSka bInA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA 223H teja samaye mahAkSatrapa caRNune svataMtratA maLI 223.kaniSkabIjAnI sAthe caRNunI mUti maLI che tenA nirmANukALa. 143thI 163 haviSNu mahArAjAdhirAja 135. 142-152 caNunI kArakIrdi avaMtipati tarIke 223. (140, 141, 142 A badhI sAle paNuM kahI zakAya tema che; 195, 196; paraMtu 143 vadhAre baMdhamesatI gaNuAze). 142-198 kaniSka bIjo mathurAti tarIke 224 (143thI 196 paNa gaNAya che). (10thI 160; 128 vidvAneAnI mAnyatA). samayAvaLI [ prAcIna nAma na jaNAyala evA gardabhIlavaMzI e rAjAonA rAjaamalane aMta 7; rAjA bhAillanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7 (44; 3). 650 bhAIlla gardabhIlanuM mRtyu ane nAIllanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7 (55; 3). kaniSkapura vasAvavAne samaya 223. mANikayAlA zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka pahelA) 223. haviSkapura-hukapura vasAvavAnA samaya 163. vasiSTha--vajheSka, jIjkaneA rAjyakALa 223, 135, isApuranA zilAlekha (rAjA vAsiSThane) 223. kaniSka bIjAne janma 223, jISkapura vasAvavAnA samaya 163. sAMcIne zilAlekha (rAjA vAsiSThane). rAjA caRRNe avaMtipati banI caRNuzaka sthApyA, paraMtu tenA AraMbha peAtAnA pitA khamAtIke jyArathI kSatrapapada dhAraNa karyuM tyArathI eTale 103thI gaNI che 223. ArAnA zilAlekha (kaniSka bIjAnA) 224. rAjA caNe aMdrapatine harAvIne tuMgabhadrA nadI sudhI haThAvI mUkayA 224, 196. rAjA caNunuM maraNa; 208. jayadAmananuM mahAkSatrapa thavuM () 196, 198, 224; jayadAmananuM maraNa (?) 206, 207 ane rUdradAmananuM mahAkSatrapa thavuM 224. 152-175 rUdradAmana avaMtipatinA zAsanakALa 224, varjhakanA zilAlekha (huviSNune) 224, mathurAnA zilAlekha (haviSkanA) 224.

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- - bhAratavarSa ] samayAvaLI 383 261-64 bolara iva TaS 167 yuropamAM plega je phATI nIkaLyo hato, te pazcime vadhIne prathama pArthiana zahenazAhatane bharakhI gayA ane tyAMthI hiMdamAM vadhIne teNe kuzanavaMzano nAza karyo evI mAnyA che paNa vAstavika nathI. 180. 175 rUdradAmananA rAjyane aMta 207. 199-236 vAsudeva pahelAno rAjyakALa 224, 15, 177 (182thI 227; 128 vidvAnonI mAnyatA) (196thI 234); pitAnA bApikA jenadharmanuM parivartana karyuM 216. 276-282 kuzanavaMzI aMtima rAjAone zAsanakALa 224, 135, 177 (rara0thI 260; 128 vidvAnonI mAnyatA). 249 Izvaradatta nAmanA saradAre kalacUri saMvata calAvyo evI vidvAnonI mAnyatA che paNa te asatya che. 233. Amira Izvaradatta cagavaMzI pitAnA saradArathI svataMtra thaI potAno navo vaMza calAvyo 222. 282 guptavaMzanA AdyapurUSe kazAnavaMzane aMta ANyo tathA pAne mathurapati banyo 224. (280 paNa kahevAya che 180). 282 (280) kuzanavaMzane aMta (234-280) ane kuzAnasaMvatanI samApti 205. 200 jagannAthajInuM maMdira te bauddha stUpa hato ane teno nAza thayo che evo vidvAno eka mata 324, 325, 329, 332, 334, 339, 341. 319 guptasaMvatsara caMdragupta pahelAe zarU karyo 189, 220. guptavata cAlyo 91. 319 sudhI ca9Nazaka tyAM sudhI cAlyo (44). 210-330 caMdragupta pahele: vikramAditya pahele 79; avaMti jItI laI tyAM gAdI karI 189. 192 tathA kaliMgamAM dharmakrAMti 339. 374 samudraguptanuM maraNa ane caMdragupta bIja gAdIe beThe 221. 375thI 414 caMdragupta bIjaH vikramAditya bIjo 79. 413 caMdragupta bIjAnuM maraNa 21. 414 kumAragupta pahelAe cakaNavaMzI svAmI rAjAone UThADI mUkI, te vaMzane aMta ANyo. 221 (4ra3; 2005). 414-456 kumAragupta pahelAnuM rAjya 221. 423 cakaNuzakanI samApti 205 (juo 414). 403 () (sara kaniMgahAmanA mate) unInA vikramAditye maMtrigupta nAmanA sUbAne kAzmiranI - gAdIe nIpe 69. 56-480 samudraguptanuM rAjya 221. 48thI 495 kumAragupta; vikramAditya trIjo, tene rAjyakALa 79. 490 KNaprajAnA saradAra taramANe avaMti jItI laI tyAM gAdI karI 221: guptavaMzI samrATanA bhaTTAraka sainyapatie svataMtra thaI kAThiyAvADanA valabhIpure pitAnI gAdI sthApI 221. pAMcamI sadI guptavaMzI samrATenI cedideza upara sattA 233. 510 parihAravaMzanI utpatti 221. 51thI 533 hUNa saradAra mihirakuLanuM rAjya (221). 515 vikramAditya bIjo (jeno amala 515thI 550 mAnya che); teNe vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA karyAnI mAnyatA 74. (paramAravaMzI yazodharmanaH vikramAdityaH zilAditya 515thI 550. vikalpa 540thI 590); 79.

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384. samayAvaLI [ prAcIna 531 zakAri vikramAditye (hRNAri vikramAditya joIe) laDela kArUranA yuddha (maMdasora joIe)nI sAla 82, 90, (pa34, 80); (531, 982). 531-33 agnikaliya rAjapUtee prajAno nAza karyo 222: 92; agnikUliya rAjapUtonI zAkhAe mAlavasaMvatanI zarUAta karI 106; mAlavapati yazodharmAe kArUra mukAme mihirakulane harAvyAnI vAta De. hainele ane De. kalahanai karI che 74. paNa te I. sa. pU. 57mAM yuddha thayuM che 75. jyAre agnikuliyA rAjapUtoe prajAne je hAra khavarAvI che te maMdara mukAme yuddha thayuM che (544). 533 agnikuliya rAjapUtonI utpatti 330 550AsapAsa paramAravaMzI vRddha bhojadeva-vaidika mata pramANe kavibANa ane mayUravALA ane jainamata pramANe bhaktAmara stotravALA mAnatuMgarinA samakAlIna 80. 580 yayAti kezarI rAjAe bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira baMdhAvavA mAMDayuM 330, 325, 329, 331, 341. ' chaThThI sadI azakavardhana mauryanI eka zAkhA baMgALa prAMta upara rAjaya calAvI rahI hatI 268. 634 zrI harSavardhanano samaya 75. 655 Azare bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira saMpUrNa thayuM 329. 600thI 750 bhavabhUti ane vAkapatirAjano samaya (321). sAtamI sadI mahamada payagaMbara sAhebane samaya 16 6. sAtamI sadI zazAMkarAjA baMgALapati 321. 70thI 80 paramAravaMzI devazaktinuM rAjya (vikramAditya nAma saMbhave che) 79. 733thI 759 caulukyavaMzI vikramAditya pahelAnuM rAjya 79. 754 vikrama saMvata 811 lakhela evo pahelo zilAlekha 78, (97). 759thIAgaLa caulukyavaMzI vikramAditya bIjAnuM rAjaya 79. 769 vikrama saMvata 826no zilAlekha 78 (93). 788thI 820 zrI zaMkarAcAryajIno rAmaya (331). AThamI sadI baMgALa taraphanA mulakamAM dharmakAMti 331. 840 vikrama saMvata 897no zilAlekha maLI Avela che 78 (93). 87thI 915 mAlavapati bhojadevaH AdivarAhaH upamiti bhavaprapaMcAnA kartA siddhaSivALA (vi. saM. 960) 80; bhojadeva gvAliyarapati (AdivarAha bhejadeva mAlavapatino samakAlIna) bappabhaTTasUrivALA rAjA Agradevane pautra thAya 80. 996thI1055 bhojadeva, zilAditya pratApazIla; muMjarAjA urphe pRthvIvallabhane bhatrijo tathA vAdivetAla zAMtisUrine prabodhita 80. 1009 zatrujya mahomya pustaka lakhAyuM 70. (409nI sAla temAM lakhAI che). 11mI sadI kalacurivaMzanA rAjAone amala cedideza upara; tevI mAnyatA 232-233. 1198 vartamAna jagannAthajInuM maMdira rAjA anaMga bhImadeve baMdhAvyuM 324, 329, 331. 1600AsapAsa jainakavi samayasuMdaranI haiyAtI (302). 1851 kaniMgahAma sAhebane sAMcImAM jagannAthanA jevI trimUrti sAMpaDI 327. 1882 paTaNAnI najIkathI be yakSamUrti khodakAma karatAM maLI AvI (302). 1930 bejhavADA najIka moTo maTha maLI AvyAnI madrAsa sarakAranI jAherAta 319.

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dharmapravatake; jemanAM nAma uparathI te te dharmanA saMvatsare pravartamAna thayA che, buddhadeva AkRti naM. 10 ]. [ varNana pRSTha 106 mahAvIra kRti naM. 11 ] [ varNana pRSTha 106

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saMvatsaranA pravartake Isu bhagavAna AkRti naM. 12 ] nahuSANu (sikkAcitra) AkRti ne. 13 ] kaniSka pahele (sikrAcitra) AkRti naM. 14 [ varNana pRSTha 106 ] caThaNu ( sikrAcitra) AkRti naM. 15

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NKS kaniSka pahelo ( sikrAcitra) AkRti naM. 18 varNana pRSTha 122 caThaNa (si kAcitra ) AkRti naM. 20 varNana pRSTha 122 huNa saradAra AkRti naM. 17 ] [ varNana pRSTha 122 nahuSANu (sikkAcitra) AkRti naM. 9 ] ( varNana pUcha 122 GUS kaniSka bIjo (sikkAcitra) AkRti naM. 26 varNana pRSTha 173 haviSka (sikkAcitra) AkRti naM. 25 varNana pR 167 vAsudeva pahele (sikkAcitra ). okRti naM. 27 varNana pRSTha 177

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kaphasIjha pahelA AkRti naM. 21 ) varNana pRSTha 137 karasIjha bIjo AkRti naM. 23] [ varNana pRSTha 145 AkRti naM. 22] vema kaDaphasIjI bIjo [ varNana pRSTha 141

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kaniSka pahelo AkRti naM 19 ] [ varNana pRSTha 197

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caThaNa (mUrtAi). AkRti naM. 31 ] ( varNana pRSTha 198 caThaNa (sikkAcitra) AkRti naM. 30 varNana pRSTha 198 rUdradAmanane sikko (banne bAjune che) kRti naM. 32 ] [ varNana pRSTha 207

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hAthIguMphAne hAthI AkRti naM. 36 ] [ varNana pRSTha 25 jagannAthanI vipUti AkRti naM. 42 ] [ varNana pRSTha 323

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SGS) SS zake 6) ? mahAvijaya prAsAda (amarAvatI ratU5) AkRti naM. 37 ] [ varNana pRSTha 316 DS triratna AkRti naM. 43 ] [ varNana pRSTha 327

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AkRti nuM 38 | pA nAtha [ varNana pRSTha 369 AkRti naM. 69 ] caumukha [ varNana pRSTha 369

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caraNa-pAdukA ( amarAvatI stUpa) AkRti naM. 40 AkRti naM. 41 ] caraNa-pUjA (amarAvatI stUpa) [ A bannenA varNana mATe citraparicayamAM tathA pustakanA aMte pariziSTa pRSTha 369 jue. ]

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bhuvanezvara AkRti naM. 44 varNana pRSTha 325 jagannAtha maMdira (trimaMDapavALuM ) AkRti naM. 45 varNana pRSTha 329

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AkRti naM. 46 ] aNu staMbha P mAna staMbha (dakSiNa hiMdanI khasatI ) AkRti naM. 47 ] [ varNana pRSTha 335 [ varNana pRSTha 334

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komanI utkala ka vaitaraNInI pAlanapura) (ava8) prila A liM ga 2 HIS mannAthapurI , ja . kokonA liMganAra) (vijayanagara | gA vA no upasAga2. | murala. nI 'baM Dis kaNAna yAdI kAjalIy * paMtujana Modern apa Co dhana doTa tenAtI, 85 trikaliMgano nakazo AkRti naM. 50 ]. [ varNana pRSTha 345 priyadarzina AkRti naM. 51 ]. [ varNana pRSTha 362

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Pt# / dly,64555 tirahuTa staMbha AkRti naM. 53 Itali , 31 saMkisA staMbha AkRti ne, para, A - '' T| T RI' Tda ET | kakA " ,DAi, tA . nahapANa -saMbha AkRti naM. 54 LONa ko / kathana gautamIputra staMbha AkRti nuM, 55 [ A cAra AkRtinuM varNana pariziSTamAM pRSTha 3 69 thI AgaLa. ]

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AkRti haiM. 56 ] 1. nDo spothI zAka rAjya Isa.pU.74thIIsa.pU.57 ma zaka rAjyo == odha vazI vAta @ AkRti naM. pacha ] [ varNana pRSTha 14 - inDoyo ajhIlI zAri vikramAditya I.sa.pU.pa7 I.sa.3 sajIbIja ane jya tha sA jya [ varNana pRSTha 40

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vikramacaritra I.sa.pa3-3. avA AkRti naM. 58 ] [ varNana pRSTha 53 - i.sa.203-27 (ane tenA tripA AkRti naM. pa ] [ varNana pRSTha 150

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AkRti haiM. 6 ] huvi sAmA kaniSka bIjo IA.27-199 tathA caSThaNa chuTTadAmana I.sa.143-1985 sva AkRti naM. 61 ] [ varNana pRSTha 175 ti mis jya adhati vAsudeva pahelo I.sa.199-274 vaMzI [ varNana pRSTha 177

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ke ? mArAja | Isa.pU47543 ma AkRti . 14] [ varNana pRSTha 243 khAravela bhikhurAjA I.pU.42-33 AkRti naM. 63] [varNana pRSTha 353

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viSa ze dhI kADhavA nI cAvI, tenI samaja --je AMka lakhyA che te pRSTha sUcaka che kesamAM je AMka lakhyA che te pRSTha uparanI TIkAnuM lakhANa che ema samajavuM. AkhA pustakamAM je vizeSa rasaprada viSa lAgyA tenI ja neMdha ahIM lIdhI che. bAkI keTalIka mAhitI "zuM ane kyAM' jevAthI paNa maLI zake ema che. ahIM batAvelA viSayanA traNa vibhAga pADayA che. (5) vidyAjJAnane sparze tevA sarva sAmAnya viSayane (mA) sAmAnya jJAna saMbaMdhI () mukhya bhAge jainadharmane lAge tevA; jo ke A vibhAga te mAtra rekhAdarzana jevA ja che te sarvanI vacce maryAdAnI lITI derI zakAya tevI sthiti nathI ja. () vidyAne lagatA sarva sAmAnya viSaye. agnikalIya rAjapUtanI cAra zAkhAmAM caulukAne samAveza thAya che? (91) ajhIjha pahelAe vikramazaka calAvyo che te matanI pikaLatA 67 (dalIla naM. 2) 76 (dalIla naM. 10) elabaranInAM keTalAMye kathana bhUla khavarAvanAra che temAMnuM eka daSTAMta 74 alekajhAMDaranA maraNa vizenI mAnyatA kadAca pheravavI paDe (151) avaMtinI gAdI kaniSka bIjAne sahelAIthI maLI jatI hatI chatAM nathI lIdhI tenI tapAsa 176-196 ariSTaka zAta ane zapati badanAma vaccenuM yuddha 22 unI ane vidizAnuM rAjapATa tarIkenuM bhinna bhinna samayanuM varNana 24-25 tathA TIkAo ekahajAra varSa (A pustakanI maryAdAvALA)mAM je saMvatsare vaparAyA che tenAM nAme 64 aMdhrapati ariSTakarNanA Asare gayelaMgadaMbhIla rAjaputronuM varNana 14, 21 Izvaradattane samaya vidvAnoe I. sa. 249 TharAvyo che tathA kalacUriono agIAramI sadI TharAvyo che ane baMnene cedIvaMzanA TharAvI dIdhA che tenI satyAsatyatA vize lIdhelI tapAsa 233 (233) aMga, baMga, ane kaliMgane trika vidvAno batAve che tenI satyAsatyatAnI lIdhela tapAsa 3467 103no AMka hAthIzaMkAnA lekhamAM che tene naMda ke mArya saMvatano vidvAno mAne che te vAstavika nathI. 267thI 74; 286thI 88, 345 103no AMka cedisaMvatano hoI zake ke? 345 kaniSka nAmavALI vastuo mathurAmAMthI maLI Ave che tene nirmAtA kaniSka pahela ke bIje, ane tenAM kAraNe 176

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kAkA mAmA - ------ --- === === == cAvI [ prAcIna kaniSThavaMzIo ca9NavaMzInI peThe jainadharmI "sUryacaMdra"ne mAnanArA che tenuM hAtha lAgela dazya 179 kAja ane gvAliyaranI gAdInuM joDANa tathA sagapaNa saMbaMdha (97) kaliyuga saMvatanI Adi (35) kaphasIjha bIjA pachI rAjaamalanI hiMdamAM thatI jamAvaTa 54 kaniSkapura, zuSkapura ane hukkapuranI sthApanAnA samayane vicAra 163 kArUnI laDAI vikramAditye laDI nAMkhI hatI (66) kAradamaka rAjA ane zAtakaraNInA saMbaMdha vize tathA rUdradAmanane saMbaMdha goThavAya che tenuM varNana 211-12 kAra ane maMdiranA sthAnano nirdeza (2) 73, (82); sthAne ane samayanI carcA 81thI AgaLa; 74 (juo maMdasora) kuzAna kaDaphasIjhane gardabhIlavaMzI TharAvavAnI yukti 11 kazAna ane caTTaNane zaka kahevAya ke 99- (97); te bAbata mi. smitha ane pro. resano mata 100 kazAnavaMzI rAjAnI jAti kaI? 99 kazAnIo prathamamAM jainadharmIo hatA tenuM vivecana 154thI AgaLa, 160 (160) kuzAna kArakIrdImAMthI prakAza mAMgI letA ATha muddAo 159 kazAnavaMzano aMta pazcimadezanI mahAmArIe Apyo che tevI vidvAnonI mAnyatA che tenI lIdhela tapAsa 180-1 kaniSka, haviSka ane vaSkanA nAmavALA zilAlekhanI lIdhela tapAsa 130 kaniSka ane vema vaccenA daza varSanA gALAvizene matanI carcA, 132, 149 (149) kaDasIjha pahelAnA 40 varSa ke bIjanA 40 varSa 14-144 kuzAna ane dUNaprajAno ItihAsa, temane Arya kahevAya ke? 119thI AgaLa kazAnane cInAI saradAro sAthenA lehI saMbaMdhanI saMbhAvanA 120 (120), 123, 139, 143 kuzAna, cakaNa ane huNanA mULa pradeza vize samaja 123 kuzAna ane tuzAravaMzanuM joDANa 125 kazAnavaMzIonI vaMzAvaLI tathA nAmAvaLI 123thI AgaLa kazAna ane kaDakasIjha pahelAnI vacceno saMbaMdha 138 kSemarAja ane naMdivardhana vaccenA kaliMgajIna pratimA bAbata yuddhanA IsArA 243-44, 248, 49 kSatrapa ane svAmI birUdanA adhikAranA taphAvatanI samaja (192) khalasa gAma, ladAkha ke pAsa AveluM, tenA lekhamAM 183nA AMka che tenI samaja 142-143 (2003) khAravelanA samaye vepArI prajA, pUrva tathA pazcimamAM khUba phelAI hatI tenA purAvA 35ra, 355, 356 khAravelanA rAjya vistAranI lIdhelI tapAsa 35rathI 356 khAravelane ane puSyamitrane vidvAno samakAlIna gaNAve che te azakya puravAra karavAne apAyelI be dajhana jeTalI dalIla (303), 264-5, 35rathI 262, 294-95 (329). khAravelane nizcita karI Apela samaya 271, 262 khAravela ane DimiTIasa samakAlIna TharAvAya che te satya ke asatya 260 (260) 295 khArele magadha upara eka vakhata humale karyo che ke be vakhata tenI carcA 300 khArele pAMDaya deza upara keTalI vakhata savArI karI tenuM citradarzana 304 khAravele lIdhela upAsaka vRtta 304

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI , khAravelanuM nAma hAthIguMphA lekha sivAya, jena, bauddha ke vaidika sAhityamAM maLatuM nathI tenuM kAraNa 341-3 khArevelanI rANIo vizenI carcA 351-2 khAravele uttarAvasthAmAM dIkSA ke nivRtti dhAraNa karI hatI ke kema ? tenI carcA 349 (349) gadaMbhIla vaMzanA samaya tathA rAjAnI saMkhyAnI carcA 2thI AgaLa gardabhIla rAjAo sAthe jAvaDazAha zeThano sagapaNa saMbaMdha para gabhIlanA 84 sAme hevAnuM vidhAna 49, 51 gAthAsakhaMtInA kartA rAjA hAla zAtakaraNI 36 guptavaMza ane ca9NavaMzanA eka be banAvanI batAvelI satyatA 192 autamIputra zAtakaraNIe zaka tathA kSaharATane saurASTra bhUmi upara harAvyA che teno marma 41 gatamIputra zAtakaraNIne tenI dAdI rANI baLathI avaMtipati kahe che ke dakSiNApathapati 6 gaMdharvasena darpaNarAjAnAM vidhavidha nAmanuM svarUpa 2, 21 gadharvasene avaMti upara caDAI laI javAnAM kAraNonI tapAsa 9 metika kSatrapanI rAjapUtAnAnA pradeza upara thayela nimaNuMka 55 mahAkSatrapa ca9Ne gabhIlavaMzane nAza karI avaMtino kabajo lIdhe 5 cAvaDAvaMzI tathA aNahilapaTTanapati solaMkIvaMzI bhUpALanA dharmasaMbaMdhI thoDIka carcA (44) caBNanA sikkAnI eka viziSTatAne ullekha (62). caSaNa prajAne zaka mAnI levAthI thayela gUMcavaNa 67 ca9Ne avaMti meLavyAno samaya 6 caSaNa saMbaMdhI vidvAnI mAnyatA (91) cakaNavaMzane kuzanavaMzI kahevAya ke? (juo kuzAna zabda) rASTraNaprajA jainadharma che ema zilAlekha ane sikkAnA purAvAthI vidvAno baMdhAte mata 104-105 caBNane keTaleka ThekANe ame dUNa TharAvyo che temAM kara joi sudhAro (100) caThaNa te kuzAnaprajAne nabIre che te mATenI dalIla 122 caNaNa. kazAna ane duprajAnA mULa pradezanI samaja (juo kuzAna zabda) cakaNa ane kuzAna eka ke bhinna ? 161 caNane mahAkSatrapa pade caDAvavAmAM AvyA che tenuM varNana 114-5 ca9Na saMvatanI Adi, nahapANa, kaniSka, ane mejhIjhathI saMbhave ke (vidvAnI mAnyatA che) ? 184 caSaNa saMvatanA samayane nirNaya-185thI AgaLa, 189 rASTaNavaMzI rAjAnI vaMzAvaLI (191) caTTaNanA birUdanI prAptine itihAsa 194thI 196 ca9Na zakanI Adi 103thI kadAca eka be varSa AghIpAchI paNa heI zake tenAM kAraNa 193 cInAIprajA sAthe kuzAnone lehasaMbaMdha (juo kuzAna zabda) cInAi saradAra sAthe kanike yuddha karI potAnA pitAne thayela apamAnano vALela badalo 150 cInAI saradArane sUbe kaDaphasIjha pahele hatA tenI TUMka hakIkta 143-150 caSaNa pite mahAkSatrapa pade hovA chatAM sikkA nathI paDAvyA tenuM kAraNa (195) caSaNane dharma jena che ema zilAlekhI purAvAnuM varNana 216thI AgaLa caNaNa saMvatane DarAvela samaya barAbara che tenA aneka aitihAsika purAvA parathI 224

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cAvI [ prAcIna caSaNa ane nahapANanI sarakhAmaNI 198thI 202, 210 cedidezanA traNa vibhAganI samajUti tathA ItihAsa ra31 cedidazanI sImA ane rAjadhAnI vizenI hakIkata 234 dizAnA traNa vibhAgamAMthI. bIje je tadana aMdhArAmAM che tenI keTalIka hakIkata 236 celukone agnikulIya rAjapUtonI cAra zAkhAmAM gaNAya che (juo agnikulIya zabda) caMdragupta maurya sAcI pradezamAM 40 hajAranuM dAna ApI dIpaka pragaTAvavAnI karelI goThavaNuM 218 caMdragama ane vakragrIvanA romAMcaka samAgamano itihAsa (juo vakrIva) jenarAjA vallabhI dhruvasena, ane tene samaya 87 (87) juSkapura ane kaniSkapuranI sthApanAnA samayane vicAra 163 jayadAmananuM gAdIpaNuM saMbhave che ke kema tenI carcA 187 (187) 2060 (26-7) 208, (29) DimiTIasa ane khAravela samakAlIna che ke? (juo khAravela) taphilAnA lekhamAM 78 nA AMka vize sara jona mArazalanuM maMtavya 76 (76) dalIla naM. 10 tazilA kuzanavaMzIoe kyAre lIdhuM tenI carcA. 192 tAre ane kuzAnanA saMbaMdha vize (juo kuzAna zabda) trikaliMga zabdanI bhinna bhinna samayanI vyAkhyA tathA svarU5 345-7 belaga prajA (barmAnI)nI utpatti vize DIka mAhitI 359 (359) nahapANu ane cajhaNanI sarakhAmaNI (juo cakaNa) nAsika zilAlekha je rANI baLazrIe karAvela che tenI hakIkata samajAvela mahatva 41 naMdavaMzI ane zizunAgavaMzI rAjAonA sikkAomAM dekhAto phera (40) pataMjalI mahAzaye "arUNA yavanaH zAketa" vAkya vAparyuM che tenuM arthasUcana 295 paradezI AkramaNakAromAMthI sauthI prathama saMvatsara kene vaparAto thaye hatA tenAM dRSTAMta. 62 tathA TIkA parihAra ane pratihAra vaMzanI bhinnatA 93 (93) puSyamitra ane khAravela samakAlIna gaNAvyA che paNa tema nathI (juo khAravela) mukhyamitrane magadhapati kahevAya ke? te muddAnI tapAsa 256 (256), 257 thI 59 tathA TIkAo, 267, 294-5 puSyamitra te brahaspatimitra hoI na zake (juo khAravela zabda) piThaNanagara ane zatavAhana vaMzanA zakanI sthApanA vacce saMbaMdha che ke? 107 paMjAba upara I. sa. pU. 57 thI I. sa. 55 sudhI 110 varSanA gALAmAM sattA konI ? 50 ghaNI baLazrIe potAnA pautra gautamIputrane, avaMtipati kahe che ke dakSiNApathapati? rANI baLIe kAtarAvela zilAlekhanuM samajAvela mahatva 41 bAhIka ane bakSudezanAM sthAna vize 122 baddha saMvatane lAbha bhAratIya prajAne vizeSa maLyo nathI tenuM kAraNa 60 zrAddha ane zaka saMvatanI lakhANa paddhatino pheraphAra 104 zAbhadabANa nepALamAM hatA tyAre zratAbhyAsa mATe magadhanA saMghe sthUlabhadrajIne mokalyA hatA te prasaMganI vAstavikatA 317, 316 bhamaka nahapANa vigere kSaharATe tathA kaprajA jainadharmI hatI (18) (2)

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- | bhAratavarSa ] cAvI malayaketue magadha upara caDAI karI tenuM kAraNa 366 mahAvijaya ane ahaMda zabda vizenI arthapUrNa mAhitI ra98 (298), 316 thI 320 mATagAmanI mUrtimAM kaniSka ane caThaNa sAthe hevAnuM kAraNa tathA samaya 160, 195, 197 mAlavasaMvatanI sthApanA 90, (90) tenA sthApaka vizenI carcA (90), 91, 95 mALavA zabdanA astitva vize (34) maMtrigupta, je kAzmirane sUbo hato tene gumavaMzI avaMtipati sAthe saMbaMdha hato ke? jarA maMdasera (juo kArUra zabda) maMtriguptanA samaya vize sara kaniMgahAmanuM maMtavya 69, (70) mazerI ane maMdira vize (2) yazadharmana mAlavapatie jemane harAvyA teone zaka kahevAya che? 74 (dalIla naM. 7, 8) yavanee hiMda upara karelA humalAnA IsArAo 296 (296) yu-cI prajAnA pAMca samuhanuM varNana tathA sthAna. 12, 126, 137; temanI utpatti vize (136) rAjataraMgiNikAre varNavela kAzmirapati vikramAditya keNu? tenI carcA 41, 50, 54, 69 (dalIla naM. 4) 71 dAmana ane caSThaNanA rAjyakALano vivAda 186 rUdradAmananA jIvananI gerasamajUtio (juo sudarzana zabda) vAzIva ane caMdragupta samAgamamAM kema AvyA tene romAMcaka ItihAsa 363-5 vaka, kaniSka ane haviSkanA zilAlekhamAM AMka che tenI lIdhelI tapAsa (juo kaniSka zabda) vikramacaritranI sattA avaMtithI kAzmira sudhI jAmI paDI hatI 50, 142 vikamacaritra ane vikramAditya te bemAM vadhAre parAkramI kezu? 51 vikramasaMvata ane IsavI saMvatamAM 60 nA AMkane saMbaMdha hovAthI ubhI thatI bhramaNuM ane tenuM nivAraNa 112 vema ane cInAI saradAranA yuddhanI tavArIkha 143 ma ane kaniSka pahelAnA saMbaMdhanI carcA 140, 150, 151 jema kaDaphasIjhanI sattA mathurAmAM ke tenI pUrve AvIne aTakelI tenI samaja 132 (132) 145 jema kaphasIjhanI sattA (juo vikramacaritra) vRddhirAjanA samaye khAravele karelI siMhaladvIpanI caDAI 281-297 kaliMgapati vRddhirAje pitAnA nAmanI karI batAvelI sArthakatA 249-50 zaprajAnuM nikaMdana kADhanAra gautamIputra zAtakaraNI upara paDato prakAza 67-7ra zaprajA hArI gayAno samaya 78 I. sa. barAbara nathI tenI carcA 71, 72, dalIla naM. 6 tathA TIkAo zakAri kene kahevAya te vize mi. pharagyusananuM hAsyAspada anumAna 75 (dalIla naM. 9). zaka eTale saMvataH e arthamAM paNa vaparAya che tene daSTAMta sAthenI carcA 84 (84). zatavahana ane zAtakaraNInI utpattine TUMka ItihAsa 283 thI 285 tathA TIkAo kaprajAne hiMdamAM AvavAnuM AmaMtraNa apAyela; tene itihAsa 13; tenuM kAraNa 18 (18) 20 zakaprajAnA hiMdustAnamAM thayela aneka saraNemAMnA trIjAnuM varNana (13), sarva saraNane ItihAsa 17 zAka ane hiMdIzaka vacceno taphAvata 16

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cAvI zalAkA upara bhAgavaTA karI lenAra rAjasattAnA Treka iMtekhAkha 17 zakaleAkAnI AyAta hiMdane bhrama bhAre paDI gaI tenuM vRttAMta 18 zatavahunavaMzI rAjAone TUMkA nAma "zAta"thI saMkheAdhAtA hatA tenA purAvA 20 (20) zakAra vikramAditya ane zaka prazna vacce kAra mukAme yuddha thayuM te sthAna vizenA vicAra 21 (gardubhIla) rAjA rAkunA maraNa vizenA anumAna saMbaMdhI vicAra| 32 zakAri vikramAdityane mAthe tenA viDela baMdhunuM khUna karyAnA AreApa; tenI sAbita thayelI nirdoSatA 32 zakAra vikramAdityanA samaya vizene vivAda, 35 thI AgaLa tathA TIkAe 64 zakAra vikramAditya ane rAjA hAla zAtakaraNInA saMbaMdha tathA samayanI sarakhAmaNI 36 tathA TIkA 50, 51; samakAlInapaNA vize 36, 51 (para) zakAra vikramAditya kANu kahevAya tenI lIdhelI tapAsa 79 thI AgaLa 6 zakAri vikramAditya gardabhIlavaMzI ane guptavaMzI vaccenI athaDAmaNu 66 (lola naM. 1) zakaprajAnA e vibhAga. temanuM nika Mdana kADhanAranAM nAma tathA samaya 67 (81) zaka eTale vikramasaMvata eve artha thAya ke? dRSTAMta sAthe 96 [ prAcIna zakasaMvata (utara hiMdanA) mATe vidvAne zuM dhAre che 97; tenA sthApaka tathA samayaneA vicAra 98 thI AgaLa zaka kAne kahevAya, vidvAnanA maMtavya pramANe 99 zakasaMvata (dakSiNa hiMdaneA)nA samaya vize, jaina, hiMdu ane yati rUSabhanI mAnyatA vize 101 zakasaMvata (uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdanA) eka ke bhinna tenI carcA 102 thI 104 tathA TIkA, 105 zakasata vize DaeNA. kilhArnanuM maMtavya 102 zakasaMvatanI utpatti rAjakIya kAraNathI chaeN ema vidvAnAnuM mAnavuM 107 (107) zaka ane kuzAna saMvatanI Adi eka, (vinAnA mate) paNa kAraNu judAM 183-184 zrImukhanI utpatti tathA prabhAva saMbaMdhInA phreMka itihAsa 354 savratamAM kayA niyamita ane dIrdhakALa TakI zakayA che tathA tenI prathama vaparAza kayAre? (63) (hiMdI bhUpatimAM kAne) savatsara prathama calAvayA ane zA kAraNathI (63) saM. ane saMvata zabdonA artha zuM? tenA vaparAza sAmAnya arthamAM che ke kAi vizeSArthamAM 63 tathA TIkAe (tenI bhUmita dazAnAM dRSTAMtA. 64) sikkA cinhAmAM keTalAkanI utpattinAM Apela vizeSa kAraNeA tathA dRSTAMtA (40) sikkA cinhAmAM 'sUrya caMdra ' tathA ' caMdra ' tarIke lekhAtAM cinhanI kharI samajuti (40) sAlakI ane caulukaya eka gaNAya che te vyAjabI che ke ? (90) sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti pramANenA rAjya vistAra aitihAsika dhaTanA pramANe caSNune maLatA AvI jAya che 197 sudarzana taLAvanI prazastithI rUdradAmananA jIvana vizenI gerasamajutinuM nivAraNa 207 thI 217 sudhI siMhaprastha, siMhapura ane khAravelanI rANI siMdhulAH A zabdone kaMI saMbaMdha kharo ke? 307-7 sumAtrA, tavA tathA A*pelegAnA mULavatanI trikaliMga dezamAMthI tyAM gayA hatA tenuM rekhAdarzana. 356-7 358 thI 60 hAthINuMphAnA lekhane paMktivAra samajAvela anuvAda tathA temAM vidvAnAnA thatA matapheranI ApelI samaja (AkhA pariccheda pRSa 276 thI AgaLa)

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bhAratavarSa ]. cAlI huSka, juSka ane kaniSkanA trika vizenI vicAraNuM 165 thI 63 huSkapura, zuSkapura ane niSkapura vasAyAnA samaya vize 163 haviSka ane kaniSkanA saMbaMdhamAM vidvAnone naDelI be mUMjhavaNo ane teno karela nIkAla 168 thI 72 hUNari vikramAdityanuM vivecana 74, 81; tene samaya 90 tenuM varNana 91; hUNa ane zaka prajAne taphAvata 74 hUNari ane zakAri vikramAdityanI carcA 81 thI AgaLa hUNa ane kuzAna eka ke bina 122 thI AgaLa 138 hRNa prajAnI khAsiyatanuM varNana 123 | () sAmAnya jJAnasaMbaMdhI ariSTakarNanA maraNanI noMdha levAyAne havAle 20, 22 avaMti ane mathurAnI rAjakIya dRSTie sarakhAmaNI (145) aneka rIte ghaTanAo maLatI hovA chatAM anumAna satya na hoI zake 200 (nANu, caSmaNa, hAthIguphAnA daSTAMta.) ajaMTAnI guphAo badAmI tathA aiholanA maMdire; jenAM ke bauddhonAM tenI keTalIka mAhitI 335 (335) asthi ke zarIranAM avazeSo jenone pUjya che jyAre vaidikone aspRzya che tenuM varNana (37) 28, 329 amarAvatI stUpa pakSa-apakSa purAvAthI puravAra thato jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha adhikAra paratve svataMtra ane bInasvataMtra prajAnAM nAma tathA dRSTAMta I. (2003) ANaMdapura nAme keTalAM nagara, hatAM tenI carcA (8) ANaMdapura ane ANaMdanagara eka ke judAM (8) ANaMdapura ane khaMbhAtane saMbaMdha (9) AryaprajAnI utpatti jaMbudvIpamAM 121 AryasaMskRti hiMda bahAranI prAe apanAvI che, chatAM te prajAmAM bhinnatA dekhAvAnuM kAraNa 165,181 Arya sAthenA semeTIka orIjInavALAnA saMbaMdhanI mAhitI (121) Arya prajAnuM saraNa hiMda bahAra thayAnuM dRSTAMta 135, 136 Arya prajAnAM traNa saraNanI samaja 120, 121, 122 Arya prajAnI utpatti, sthAna ane AryaprajAnAM saMsthAna; te be vacceno taphAvata (119) (120) 121 Arya-anAryanI vyAkhyA sthAna paratve ke saMskRti paratve) 164 InTareganama zabdanA arthanI samajuti 16 ItihAsakAre sAcA che. mAtra temanuM Alekhana daSTibiMdu bhinna hovAthI varNana judu paDe che; 85 thI AgaLa 86, 87. I. sa. ne Isu bhagavAnanA janma sAthe saMbaMdha che ke (19) IsAI vikrama ane mahAvIra saMvatanI pArasapArika gUMthaNI 108, 112 IjanerI jJAna (nahera I.nuM) prAcIna samaye paNa hatuM tenuM dRSTAMta (289) ujanI, vidizA ane jillA nagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22

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cAvI [ prAcIna 'ujanInAM vividha nAmo 22, 23 (29). ujanI tathA bhisAnI caDatI paDatInuM citradarzana 23, 24 ujainI ane vidizAnuM rAjanagara tarIke samaya samayanuM varNana 24-25 tathA TIkAo, 38 ujanInuM vedhazALA tarIkenuM sthAna 38 uttamatAnA dhoraNe tALa jotAM kyA saMva uMcA naMbare Ave che 108 ucAranI sAmyatAne lIdhe karAtAM anumAnathI nIpajatAM aniSTa pariNAmanAM dRSTAMta (159) eka nAma dhArI be vyaktino samaya eka hoya, te te eka ja hoya ke? 70; nizcitapaNe eka mAnI levAyAthI thayela gUMcavaNe 70 oziyA nagarInI sthApanA vize 17 orisA prAMtamAMnI dharmakrAMtio (juo dhadhAMti zabda) aMtadi dezanI oLakha (20) aMtima kevaLI (zrI jaMbu) ane aMtima zrutakevaLI (zrI bhadrabAhu) te be vaccenA taphAvatanI samajuti 315 AMka (saMvata) apAyo hoya te uparathI tenuM nAma zodhI kADhavAnI rIta 85 AMdhrabhUtyA zabdano gaNapaddhati sAthe saMbaMdha (284) aitriya ane aneMdriya jJAna kone kahevAya tene khulAse (15) kaniSka pahelAnI rAjanIti saMbaMdhI be zabdo svataMtrapaNe teNe AdarI ke anyanuM anukaraNa 15ra kaniSka (pahele ane bIjo) temanI sarakhAmaNI 177 karaNa, karAvaNane anumodana, traNe sarakhAM phaLa nIpajAve re; te gAthAnuM rahasya 312 kaliyuganA cha saMvatsaranAM nAma 95 kaliMganI rAjadhAnInA sthAna vizene vivAda 244 kaliMganamatine lIdhe hAthIzaMkAnI kIrti vadhI che te saMbaMdhane itihAsa 246 thI AgaLa, 301 308 tathA TIkAe tenI mImAMsA 321, 324 thI 328 tathA AgaLa kALagaNanA vizenI samaja (pUrNimAMta ane amAsAMta) 39, (39) (50) 61 kuzAna prajAne tuzAramAM thato samAveza (juo tuzAra) kuzanavaMzI sikkAmAM aneka devadevIonAM citra maLI Ave che tenuM kAraNa (156) 180-1 kazAna ane bauddha prajAnA saMvata oLakhavAnI paddhatinuM varNana 159 zrIkRSNa vaidika matanA deva nathI (pu. 3. pR. 86. TI. naM. 84) te zilAlekhI purAvAthI sAbita thAya che. 335-36 kevaLI. arihaMta, siddha, I. zabdone samajAvela taphAvata (13) kevalI (bata) ane zratajJAnanA vicchedanI hakIkata satya che ema khAravelanA lekhamAMthI maLI AvatI sAbitI 308 thI 12 TIkAo tathA AgaLa. kSatriya ane rajapUta vacceno bheda (90) 91, 92 khaMbhAta tathA ANaMdapurano saMbaMdha (juo ANaMdapura) khAravelanA dhArmika tathA sAmAjIka jIvananI karelI samIkSA 357-60 khAravelanI ane priyadarzinanI sarakhAmaNI 361-3 gaNapaddhati ane bhUmitiSNu vacce ke saMbaMdha hoya tenuM varNana tathA purAvA (284).

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bhAratavarSa ] gadhaiyA nAmanA sikkAnI eALakha 11-40 gardabhIla gaMdharvasenane gardabha mAnI levAthI ramuja ubhI thavA pAmI che tenuM varNana 8 tathA AgaLa ane TIkAo; 43 (43), 13 gaDhelIvidyAnI sAdhanAnuM svarUpa 2, 13 caRNa ane kuzAna saMvatanI sarakhAmaNI 201 cAvI cAritryazIlatAnI majaSutAI ane zithilatAnA samayanI vicAraNA (18) caDhi nAmanI utpatti vize prakAza 231 cArI, luMTakATa vigerenA aMkuza mATe kAyadAnuM rakSaNa kayAM sudhI rahI zake (46) caMdragupta ma` ane sAtakaraNIone bhilmsATApsa sAthenA saMbaMdha 27 caMdra ane sAryamAsanA taphAvatanuM kAraNa (vidrAnAnI dRSTie) jIe sArya zabde jagannAthapurInI pratimA vizenI mAhitI (karliMga jInamUrti juo) jagannAthajInA tIrtha saMbaMdhI aMtima anumAna; te uparathI levAyeAgya AzvAsana tathA cetavaNI 339-341 jagannAthajI maMdirane tathA mUrtinA keTalAka ItihAsa 324thI 328 jagannAthajInI mUrti vize, sara kaniMgahAma, DaoN. rAjendralAla tathA mi. hilI zuM dhAre che. 325-26-28 A traNe khAkhatanI guMthaNI tathA tene niSkarSa 328thI 336 jagannAthajInI mUrti jevI ja, sAMcI mukAmethI mUrti maLI AvatAM, sara kaniMgahAme bAMdhela nirNaya 326, (327) 328, 332 jagannAthajInI mUrti khAddha hAvAnuM vidvAne dhAre che paNa te azakaya che. 332-33 jagannAthajInI mUrtinA camatkAranI AkhyAyikAe jevI ja pArzvanAthanI mUrti sAthe joDAyela AkhyAyikA che; tevI eka enuM varNana (333), 333, 334 (334), 337 jagannAthajInI mUrti vize sALa muddA ubhA karAyA che te sarvanuM kramavAra samAdhAna 328thI 336 jagannAthajInI vartamAna mUrtinA svarUpanuM varNana 336 jagannAthapurInA jevA ja mahimA mahArASTranA paMDharapuranA viThobA maMdiranA che te hukIkata (337) jagannAthajInA maMdiranuM bhuvanezvara sAthe sAmya (341) jaganAtha te jagannAtha pArzvanAtha kharI ke kema ? anya pAnAthanI nAmAvalI (337) jUnI mAnyatAonI--parAkSa ane parAkSa udAharaNAthI teADAtI dalIlA 370 thI 73 jaina rAjAe dharmamahAtmya nimitte zuM zuM karatA tenA khAravelanA jIvanamAMthI maLatA kheAdha (hAthIzuMkAnA anuvAdanuM AkhuM prakaraNa jue. khAsa karIne vijayacakra, kAyaniSidhI, mahAprAsAdanuM varNana ) jainadhama mAM pAkhaMDanA artha kavA karAya che tenA khulAsA 313 (313) jainAne samAveza hiMdumAM thAya ke kema tenI carcA. 340 jainadharmI sumAtrA, jAvA, A+pelegA taraph phelAyA hatA tenA purAvA tathA carcA 358-60 Topsa (nAnA moTA)nuM varNana tathA temAM aMkita karelAM gAtrIenI samajUti (27) takSilAnA nAza saMbaMdhI prathama darzAvela hakIkatamAM karavA yeAgya sudhArA 144 (144) tIrthadhAmanI taLeTI paNu khUda tIrthanA jeTalI ja pavitra manAya che. 218 tIrthaMkara-arjuna tathA dravya tIrthaMkaranA taphAvatanI samaja (247) (248) tIrthadhAmA (sAta) vizenI keTalIka mAhitI 338-39 tuSAra-tukhAra prajAnI utpatti ane hiMdI rAjAonA saMbaMdha 10-12 50

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cAvI [ prAcIna tukhAra ane tuAra eka ke bhinna 12 (10) tailaMgaNa deza vizenI samajUti 78 tailaMga prajA vizenI samajUti (juo sumAtrA zabda) duSkALa paDavAnAM kAraNanI tapAsa (290-91) devANapriyane artha jaina ane jainetara daSTie, temaja prAcIna ane arvAcIna kALe (313) daSTivAda, pUrva ane aMganI kSati thavA saMbaMdhI hakIkata 311 dhanakaTaka ane bennAtaTanagarano ItihAsa tathA anya carcA 318-19 dharmakAnti kyAre thAya che, kyAM thaI che, tenAM kAraNe ane daSTAMta 369 dharmakrAntinuM yathAsthita varNana karavA ane vartamAna sthiti palaTI jatI dekhAya che temAM varNana karanArane deSa ke vartamAna sthiti aTaLa ja gaNAvI joIe tevI mAnyatA dharAvanArane? dharmavastu prAcIna samaye je prakAre manAvI te ane vartamAnakALa sthitinuM aMtara 154, 165 dharmakAnti (orissAmAM) eka I. sa. 300 AsapAsa 329, 330 : ane bIjI kayAre thaI che te vize 331 dharma ane AtmAnA saMbaMdhanuM varNana 368 dharmakrAtinI asara hiMdamAM maMdapaNe varte che tenuM kAraNa 369 dhArAnagarInI sthApanA (9) nahera banAvavI te mahesulI prazna nahIM paNa sAmAjIka gaNAya che. 291-93 pazu-prANIo (jevAM ke siMha, vRSabha, hasti I) prAcIna samaye kotarAvAtAM do, kayA dharmanAM pratIka hoI zake tenI mAhitI 369 pATaliputranI zAstravAcanAnA prasaMganI utpatti 316 pArvatIya pradezanA manuSyanI zarIrazaktine khyAla Apate banAva 153 pupapura tathA vizAlanagarI nAme zaherenuM varNana (25) (29) 223 puSpapura nagarane sAmAnya artha (19) prajAnI samRddhi i. sa. nI AdimAM lakSa sonaiyAthI apAtI hatI tenuM dRSTAMta (45) pratimA-mUrtinI sthApanA I. sa. be sadI pUrve vaidika ane bauddhadharmamAM hatI ke kema te saMbaMdhI sthApatyanA abhyAsI vidvAnonA mata 372-3 priyadazine dhaulI-jAgauDA zilAlekha ubhA karAvyAnuM kAraNa 321 (321) (322) 338 priyadarzinanI ane khAravelanI sarakhAmaNI 361-3 rANI piMgalA (zakAri vikramAdityanA bhAI bhartuharInI rANI)nI cAritrazithilatA 35, 48 dvadharma I. sa. trIjI sadI sudhI hiMdamAM kaI rIte phAvya ja nathI. 158 (158) : traNa vidvAnonA kathananA AdhAre bhAddha ane jaina dharmanI vastumAM nacha kera hoIne ekane bIjA tarIkenI dhArI levAya che 158, (158) tenA purAvA mATe (pu. 1 avaMtine pariccheda; pu. 2 nA prathamanA traNa pariccheda tathA priya darzinanuM AkhuM jIvanacaritra juo ) bAddhadharma kAzmiramAM pravezyo ja nathI tenA purAvA 175, 178 baddhadhamI mUrtio ja ubhI karatA te siddhAMta che; chatAM mUrti vinAnA sthAnane bauddhanuM TharAvAya te kevuM 175; AvI hakIkato khuda baddhaaMze uparathI paNa beTI TharAvAya che. 176, 179

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI baiddha smAraka saMbaMdhI sAvacetIthI AgaLa vadhavAnI cetavaNI (juo vaidika zabda) bhArahuta stara saMbaMdhI prakAza 305 (305) bhinna prakAranA zeTha ane nokara hoI zake tenAM dRSTAMta (160). bhilsA ane bhArahuta TasanA nirmANane kAraNenI tapAsa tathA tene niradhAra 28 bhilsA, sAMcI, ane vidizAnA sthAnane parasparane saMbaMdha 290 bhuvanezvara maMdira vize jANavA gya hakIkta 324-325 bhuvanezvaranuM ane jagannAthajInuM sAmya (341). rAjA bhejanuM birUda vikramAditya paNa hatuM 68, 69, 79 (79) 84 be bheja deva (gvAliyarapati ane avaMtipati) saMbaMdhI itihAsakAroe karela goTALo 9 (93) magadhamAM naMdivardhana rAjya ativRSTi, tathA anAvRSTi thayA hatA tenA samayanI samajUti 289 mathurAnuM tIrca kRSNa bhaktonuM-vaidika matanuM nathI tenuM kAraNa (63) mathurA ane avaMtinI rAjakIya daSTie sarakhAmaNuM (145). mathurA zraddhadharmanI saMskRtinuM dhAma nathI ja, hoya te bahu alpa evo vidvAnane mata 155 thI 59 madrAsa sarakAranA 1930 nA paripatranI jAherAta 319 manaSyasvabhAvanI khAsiyatane lIdhe lahiyAe karelI bhUla 86 mahArAjAdhirAja pada (vemanuM moTuM ke kaniSkanuM rAjA pada meTuM 148-9 mahAkSatranA adhikAra (nahapANa, ca9Nu, rUdradAmananA) paratve taphAvata 195 mahAkSatrapa tathA kSatrapanA adhikAranuM varNana 202thI 205 mAnastaMbha ubhA karAvavAnI prathA : jaina tathA vaidika saMpradAyanA aMge taphAvatanuM varNana 334-35 tathA TIkAo muslIma dharmanI sthApanA arabastAnamAM thaI te pUrve tyAM kevI sthiti hatI (51) musalamAnI rAjyonA samaye vikramAditya zabdanI vaparAza baMdha thaI che (78) (84) mUrti ane mUrtipUjA prAcIna samaye hatI ke kema? 340-1 (341) meghavAhana nAma vyaktinuM che ke birUda che (230) (239) 240 merUparvatane Arya prajAnA kendra tarIke gaNavAnI paddhati 121 mehanajADerAnA avazeSo saMbaMdhI kAMIka prakAza (17) 7 prajAnI vyAkhyA (19) (136) (137) yavana ane zaka prajAnI sarakhAmaNI (21) yavane AnIyana TApunA rahIza) ne Arya zA mATe kahevAya (14) adhiri kaliyuga saMvatanI Adi vize 60 yuddhiSThira vaidika matAnuyAyI nathI tenuM kAraNa (63) rAjanItinA eka dhoraNane ullekha 228 rAjadvArI kSetranI asara sAmAjIkane paNa pahoMce che tenuM dRSTAMta 83 rAjasUya yajJa kyAre thAya; te samaye prajAne zuM lAbha maLe tenuM varNana 293 (294) rAjA uparathI tenA vaMzanuM nAma paDayAnAM dRSTAMte 138 rAjApadathI paradezIo pitAne kyAre vibhUSita karatA, tenAM kAraNa ane daSTAMta 148 rAjAo karaMjana kAryo karAvatAM, te kayAre ? ne pharaja tarIke ? tenI samIkSA (277)

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cAvI rAjAonI prajA pratyenI krUrajanAM dRSTAMtA-hAthIcukAnA lekha AdhAre (208) (294) rAjavaMzA (keTalAka bhAratIya) AkhAne AkhA hiMdI ItihAsamAMthI lupta thayela che tenAM nAmeA (48) rAjyAbhiSeka 24 varSanI umare karAte! ema zAstranuM kathana che ema kahI, khAravela saMbaMdhI te lAgu pADe che paNa te rAsta nathI tenuM varNana 280 rANI ane paTarANInI carcA (351) rASTrika, rathika, mahArathIka, bhojaka, azvaka, vigere prajA che ke hAddAo; tenuM vivecana 285 rUdradAmana vizenI keTalIka gerasamajUti (jue sudarzana zabda) lagnamAM varNabheda pratibaMdharUpe nahAtA tenuM dRSTAMta (pura) laDAInA kSetra mATe pasaMdagInuM dhAraNa (73) lipi (saMskRta, prAkRta, mizra)nA samayanI gheADIka carcA 255 vikramasaMvatanI dekhAdekhImAM kANe kANe pAtAnA saMvatsarA calAvyA hatA (62) vikramasaMvata calAvavAmAM kAI kAraNa nIMdanIya hatuM ke ? (62) vikramasaMvatanI vaparAza, vikAsa ane pAlanamAM prajAe kAMi gaphalatI karI che ke 64, 67 vikramasaMvata sAthe khIjAenuM thayela mizraNa ane tenA ukela mATenI yuti 65, 82 vikramasavatavALA prAcIna zilAlekhanI eka yAdI 78 (78) vikramasaMvata vaparAtA vacce baMdha paDI gayeA hatA ane pAchA zarU thayA hatA teno lIdhela tapAsa (44) 62) 64, 83 (83) 91, 92, 93 (93) vikramasaMvatanI sthApanAne AbhAsa 2 vikramasaMvatanA prAraMbhanAM kAraNu tathA samaya 21, 34, 38, 64 tathA AgaLa ane TIkAo, 85 vikramasaMvatsaranI sthApanAmAM 17 varSanuM aMtara keTaleka ThekANe dekhAya che tenuM kAraNu (ra1) 37 (37) vikramasaMvatane samaya vizeSa spaSTAkAre (82) vikramasaMvatane samaya nakkI karavAmAM paDatI viTaMbaNA 85 vikramasaMvatanI AdinA bhinna bhinna prakAra; tenI dalIlA sAthe 85 vikramasaMvata ane mAlavasaMvata eka ja che ema keTalAkanI mAnyatA 94 (94) 12 vikrama ane mahAvIra saMvatanI gaNatrImAM phera zuM? 109 vikramasaMvatane i. sa. mAM utAravAnI pahita 110 [ prAcIna vikramasaMvatane I. sa. vacce 57 nuM aMtara ke pa6AnuM tenI carcA 110 (110) vikramAditya nAmanI padareka vyaktione nirdeza 79 vikramAditya zakArinA aneka nAmeAnI samaja 33, 46 thI 47 (47), (45) 45 vikramAdityanA rAjanagaranI sthApanA (jIe ujjaina) vikramAdityanA sikkA nathI zeAdhAyA tenuM kAraNuM 39 vikramAditya zabdanI vyutpatti pramANe thatA artha tathA te sAthe ghaTAvelA anya rAjavIonAM . nAmA (33) (6) 84 vikramAditya zakArinA Agamana samaye prajAnI azAMtinuM varNana 33 (33) vikramAdityanA aMdhAra pichADAnI varNavelI sthiti 46-47

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paNa che , bhAratavarSa ]. cAvI vikramAditya birUdano musalamAnI rAjaamale thayela lepa (45) vikramAdityanA putranuM arabI samudranA rAjAnI kuMvarI sulocanA sAthenuM lagna 5, 49, 51, para vikramAditya ane bheja; birUda ke nAma 84 vidizAnI sthApanA ane aMta samaya 25, 30 videzI vidvAnoe pitAne deva hovA chatAM tene deva hiMdI vidvAne upara DhoLyo che tenuM daSTAMta 199 (199) vidvAnenI tarkazakti keTale sudhI kAma karI zake che tenAM daSTAMta (21) (10) (11), 75 (dalIla naM.9) vedhazALA tarIke ujainInA sthAnano samaya 38 vaidika ane aiAddhadharmanI dhArmika smArakonI lagatI paurANika mAnyatAo svIkArI levAmAM sAvadhAnIthI AgaLa vadhavAnI cetavaNI 373 zakaprajAnI khAsiyatenuM vizeSa varNana 17 thI AgaLa | sthAna sAthe traNa zilAcAranA gADhatvane vicAra (18). zakasaMvata (uttara, dakSiNa ane pazcima hiMda)ne taphAvata (2) zAtavahanavaMzIonA dharma vizenI mAhitI (43). zaka zabdanA arthanI samajUti 95: teno sAra 98 zakatRpakAla' te eka zabda-samAsa che; tenA arthanI samajUti 97 zakasaMvatanI sthApanA I. sa. 78mAM kanike karI che evA The. eDanabarganA matane sarva vidvAnoe ApelI saMmati 99 zakasaMvata sAthe, kazAna, nahapANa, vesakI ane ajhIjha rAjAone ke saMbaMdha hoya tenI vicAraNA 99 zaka (saMvata) kaNa pravartAvI zake (kSatrapa ke mahAkSatra5) 188 zilAlekha karAvavAnuM kAraNa rAjakIya ke dhArmika 216 thI AgaLa zrutasaMrakSaNanuM kArya khAravele kevI rIte pAra pADayuM tene ItihAsa 308 thI 12; 315-16 zAmavaNIta paraMtu buddhithI agamya aneka ghaTanAo paNa satya puravAra karI zakAya che (292) RtarakSaNa-pustakedArane duSkALa sAthe saMbaMdha 315 sarovara ane samudra vizenI pArakha, (121). sidhakA sthAna nAme oLakhAtI bhUminuM sthAna 27 semeTika orijInane Arya saMbaMdha sAthe isAre (121) sairya ane caMdra mAsane taphAvata (vidvAnanI eka mAnyatA) (13) (12); tenuM nivAraNa sAya mAsa zakasaMvatamAM vaparAya hevAnuM prathama daSTAMta 102 (12). zA mATe ATaluM moDe dekhAya tenuM kAraNa 12, 13 (103) sTAnDarDa ane madrAsa TAImanI eka samaye cAlatI vaparAza 94 saMvatasara (dhArmika ane sAmAjIka)nI AdinA samayamAM rahela taphAvatanI samajUti (37) saMvasare (sAmAjIka)nI Adi paNa tenA sthApakanA samayathI nathI gaNAI tenAM daSTAMte (30) saMvatanI Adi viziSTa prasaMganI yAdimAM thAya, paraMtu te samaya sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe nahIM tenuM kAraNa 37, 64, (65) saMvatanI pAse tenuM nAma ja na lakhyuM hoya, mAtra AMkaja hoya te, zI rIte gaNatrI karAya. 83

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14 cAvI 85 saMvata zodhI kADhavAnI sarva sAmAnya kuMcI 85 saMvata AlekhananI bhinna bhinna paddhati saMvatsaro (nava) A pustakanI maryAdAmAM Avela che tenA kAThA 106 ravatAnI Adi (rAjAenA ane dhArmika) zI rIte thaI che? 106-107 saMvatsaronI uttamatA mApavAnuM dhAraNa 106, 107, 108 saMvatsara (dhArmika) tathA IsAI saMvatanA dhAraNamAM rahela phera (109) maMtrIjInA aDhAra bhAgA tathA peTA vibhAganI samajUti 230 saMzAdhakAnI kalpanAzaktinAM dRSTAMtA (jIe vidvAna zabda) hAthIguMphAnA lekhavALA pradezanI bhaugolika sthitine TUka paricaya 323 (323) hAla zAlivAhananuM nAma paNa vikramAditya che. 73 [ prAcIna hiMdumAM jainane samAveza karAya ke tenI carcA 340 (6) mukhya bhAge jainadharmane sparze tevA arjeMTAnA guphAmaMdirA, badAmI tathA aiheAlanA maMdirA, jainonAM ke bauddhonAM, tenI mAhitI 335 (335) apApAnagarInA sthAna saMbaMdhI sthiti 26-29 amarAvatI stUpa jaina dharmanA hAvA vize, parAkSa tathA aparekSa purAvAnuM varNana 371 thI 73 amastAnanA rAjAe I. sa. nI pahelI khIjI balke cha sadI sudhI jainadharmI hatA. (51) ahuMda ane mahAvijayaprAsAda vizenI arthapUrNa mAhitI, 298 (298), 316 thI 20 arjuna, ane tIrthaMkarAdinI samaja (247) (248) asthi i. avazeSo ne pUjanika gaNe che jayAre vaidika! aspRzya gaNe che te taphAvatanuM varNana(327)328,329 ANaMdapura-vartumAnapura saMbaMdhI ApelI samaja 219 ujainI, vidizA ane bilsA nagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22, 23, 24 ujainInAM aneka nAmeA tathA dRSTAMta, 22, 23, (29) aMtima devaLI (zrIjIMchyu) ane aMtima zrutakevaLI (zrI bhadrabAhu) te enI vaccenA taphAvatanI samaja 315 endriya ane anaindriya jJAna kAne kahevAya tenA khulAsA (315) aMti zAtakaraNI ane caMdragupta mauryanA bhilsA nagarI sAthene saMbaMdha 27 karaNa, karANu te anumAdana, traNe sarIkhAM phaLa nIpajAvere; te kaDInuM batAveluM rahasya 312 kaliMgajIna pratimAnA ItihAsa 301-3 tathA TIkA; tenI mimAMsA 321, 324 thI 28 tathA AgaLa; 246 thI AgaLa liMganI rAjadhAnI tathA te sAthenA dharma saMbaMdha 246 thI AgaLa kalpasUtranI vAMcanAnA samaya vize 87 (87) kAyaniSadI (jIe vijayacakra zabda) kALagaNanA jaina itihAsakArA prAcIna samaye kevI rIte karatA. 61 kAlikasUri ane sarasvatI sAdhvInA itihAsa 12 kAlikasUri nAme aneka AcArya thayA che. (12) kuzAna ane tuSAra prazna paNa jaina dharma pALatI hatI (37), 154thI AgaLa, 160 (160) kuzAnavaMzIo paNa caNuvaMzI peThe 'sUryacaMdrane mAnanArA che tenuM hAtha lAgeluM eka dRzya 179

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI zrIkRSNa vaidika matanA nathI ema zilAlekha uparathI maLatI sAbitI 335-36 (.juo pu. 7, pR. 86 TI. naM. 24) kevaLI, arihaMta, ane siddha zabdo vaccenA taphAvatanI samaja (306) kSemarAja ane naMdivardhana vacce kaliMgajInI pratimA bAbata thayela yuddhanA isAra 243, 244, 248-49 (Artha) khapuTa, pAdalipta, nAgArjuna, vikramAditya zakAri tathA hAla zAtakaraNanA samakAlInapaNuM vizenA purAvA 36, 51 (para). rAjA khAravele lIdhelAM upAsakavRta saMbaMdhI vivecana 306 rAjA khAravele uttarAvasthAmAM dIkSA lIdhI hatI ke mAtra nivRtti ja sevelI tenI carcA 349 (349) khAravelanA dhArmika tathA sAmAjIka jIvananI samIkSA 357-60 khAravela ane priyadarzinanI sarakhAmaNI 361-3 gabhIlavaMzIo jainadhamAM hatA tenI carcA. 43 thI AgaLa tathA TIkAo. caNavaMzI "sUryacaMdrane pUjanArA hatA (juo kuzAna zabda) caNaNaprajA jainadharmI hatI ema zilAlekha ane sikkAnA purAvAthI have vidvAnone baMdhAte mata 104, 105, 160, 216 thI AgaLa caMdraguptamairya ane AMdhrapati zAtakaraNIone jillA nagarI sAthe saMbaMdha 27 caMdrate 40 hajAra dravya khaca sAMcI pradezamAM karelI goThavaNa 218 (juo dravyadIpaka zabda) jagannAthajInA maMdira tathA mUrti vizenA soLa muddAnuM kramavAra samAdhAna 328 thI 336 jagannAthajInI vartamAna mUrtinuM varNana 336 jagannAthajInI mUrti vize che. rAjendralAla, sara kaniMgahAma tathA mi. hIlIne abhiprAya 32 5thI 328 jagannAthajInI mUrtinA camatkAra (juo pArzvanAtha) te maMtavyonI guMthaNI tathA tene niSkarSa 32thI36 jagannAthajInI mUrti vidvAne bauddhamatanI karAve che te nirarthaka hovAnAM kAraNe 33233 jagannAthajInA jevo ja mahimA mahArASTranA paMDharapuranA viThebA maMdiro che te hakIkata (337) jagannAthapurInI pratimA vize mAhitI (kaliMgajIna juo jagannAthajI tIrtha saMbaMdhInA anumAna uparathI levA yogya AzvAsana tathA cetavaNI 339, 341 jagannAthajInI mUrti jevIja sAMcInagarathI mUrti maLI AvI che te vize sara kaniMgahAmano mata 326 (227), 328, 332 jAvaDazAha (jAo zatruddhAra). jalArapuranA yakSavasatI nAme mahAvIramaMdiranI sthApanAno samaya tathA sthAna 44 (45) janabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa (juo zilAMkari) jainadharmane vizALAnagarI ane puSpapura mATe pakSapAta 23 thI 30 jainadharmane ujainInA pradeza sAthenA gADha saMbaMdhanuM varNana 22 thI 30 jenasAdhu ane tIrthaMkaranA AcAramAM bheda rahe temAMnuM eka daSTAMta (26). jena rAjAo prAcIna samaye neMdha zI rIte karatAM, tenAM dRSTAMta tathA kAraNe (62) jaina ItihAsakArone samayAlekhanamAM naDatI muzkelIe 82 jaina pustakedvAranA AMka samaya 98, 997, 993 vizeno khulAso 86, 87 tathA TIkAo jena rAjA (vallabhIpuranA) dhruvasena vize 87 (87)

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16 cAvI [ prAcIna jaina ane bauddhadharmanAM pratIke (juo bauddha zabda) jainadharmInI saMkhyA vipula hatI; ochI thaIne kyAM gayA; tenuM saMbhavita kAraNa 165, 166 jainadharmamAM pAkhaMDane karAte arthaH 313 (313). jenarAjAe tIrthaprema mATe zuM zuM na karatA; khAravelanA jIvanamAMthI te vize maLatA badha 319 (khAsa na karIne juo vijayacakra, kAyaniSidhI, ane mahAprasAdanuM varNana). maMdiranI racanA vizene khyAla (324) jainadharma sumAtrA ane jAvA tarapha gayo hato tenA purAvA (juo sumAtrA zabda) 358-60 Tesa (nAnA meTAnuM varNana tathA temAM aMkita karela gotra saMbaMdhI mAhitI (25). tIrthaMkaranA nirvANanuM sthAna tathA temanAM prAcIna arvAcIna sthAnanI sarakhAmaNI (25) tIrthakarane vAra' te zabdanA arthanI samajUti (61) tIrthasthAne vize kAMIka prakAza (tathA taLeTI vizenI samaja) 218 thI AgaLa 240 (240) (sAta) tIrthadhAme vize keTalIka mAhitI 638-39 tuSAraprajA jainadharmI hatI (juo kuzAna zabda) dAkSiNyacinha suri (juo zilAMkari zabda). digaMbara, zvetAMbaramAM vikrama saMvatanA lekhane vicAra 86, 87 (87) daSTivAda, pUrva ane aMganI buddhi vize mAhitI 311 devarthigaNu kSamAzramaNa tathA haribhadrasUrinA samaya mATe beMdhAyela AMka vize khulAso (64) (83) 86 devANapriyane artha; prAcIna samaye tathA hAlamAM jaina temaja jainetara daSTie (313) dravyadIpaka tathA bhAvadIpaka pragaTAvavAnuM sthAna tathA kAraNa 27, 28, 218 dhanakaTaka ane bennAtaTanagarane itihAsa tathA golika sthAnanI carcA 318-19 dharma sAthe AtmAnA saMbaMdhanuM varNana 368 rAjA dhruvasena (vallabhIpati) ane kalpasUtravAMcana (juo kalpasUtra zabda) nAgArjuna; juo Arya khapUTa zabda pazu-pANio (siMha, vRSabha, hAthI, azva) che. kayA dharmanAM pratIka che. 3702 pATalIputranI zAstravAcanAne prasaMga 316 pAdalipta (juo khapuTa zabda) pArzvanAthanI mUrtio sAthe joDAyela camatkAronuM varNana; tevIja rIte jagannAthajInI mUrtionI AkhyA yikAnA camatkAranuM varNana che. 337 (333), 334 (34); bIjInuM varNana 337 pArzvanAtha pahADa (juo sametazikhara zabda) puSpapura ane vizALAnagarIonI oLakha 223, (25) (29) pUrvadIzI pAvApurIvALI kaDInuM samajAveluM rahasya (29) pratimA I. sa. be sadI pahelAM baddha ane vaidika dharmamAM hatI ke, te saMbaMdhI sthApatya niSNAtonA mata 72-4 priyadarzine ubhA karAvela nAnA moTA stUpa, lekhe I. nAM kAraNo 25-26 tathA TIkAo, 217, 321 (321) (322) 338 priyadarzina samaye jainadharmanA dekhAva, ane tenI asara 105 priyadarzina ane khAravelanI sarakhAmaNI (jue khAravela zabda)

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI baddhadharmanAM ane jenanAM pratIke lagabhaga eka sarakhAM hovAthI eka bIjAne dhArI levAya che purAvA tathA dRSTAMta tarIke (pu. 1 avaMtinuM varNana pu. 2 nA prathama traNa pariccheda, priyadarzinanuM vRtAMta) 158 (158) 370 thI 374. bAddhadharmanAM smArake, do i. mAMthI dhaDe levA yoga bedhapATha 370 thI 70 biddha ane vaidika smArakanI paurANika mAnyatA svIkArI levAmAM sAvadhAnatAnI cetavaNI 34 bAddha pratimAnI sthApanAnA samaya vize sthApatya niSNAtene mata 372-4 bhadrezvara (kaccha) tIrtha saMbaMdhI kAMIka 220 bhArahuta stUpa saMbaMdhI prakAza 305 (305) bhUmaka, nahapANa vigere, tathA zaka prajA jenadharma pALatI hatI (18) (20) bhilyA, ujajainI tathA vidizA nagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22 bhilsA sAthe caMdragupta maurya tathA aMdhrapati zAtakaraNIne saMbaMdha ane kAraNa 27 bhilyA ane bhArahuta TopanA sthAnanirmANanA kAraNanI tapAsa tathA teno niradhAra 28 bhilsA, vidizA ane sAMcInA sthAnane paraspara saMbaMdha 29 bhIlaDIyAjI tIrthano jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha (45) zrI mahAvIranI gaNadhara sthApanAnuM nagara tathA nirvANa sthAnanI apApAnagarI, banne eka ja che. 26 zrI mahAvIranA kevaLakalyANakanI bhUmi saMbaMdhI 26-28 mahAvIrasaMvatane nirdeza sarakArI daphataramAM, zilAlekha temaja sikkAmAM thayAnI noMdha 61 (61) mAnastaMbha devAlayanA prAMgaNamAM ubhA karAvavAnI prathA H te vize jaina ane vaidika taphAvata 334-35 (tathA TIkAo) . yakSavasatI sthapAyAne samaya tathA sthAna (juo jAlaurapura) (jaina) zAka ane yavana prajAnI sarakhAmaNI (21) rAjasUya yajJa karAvavAnuM kAraNa tathA raiyatane tethI thatA phAyadAo (297) (294) vajasvAmI (juo khapuTa zabda tathA vuiM joddhAramAM) vanavAsI gacchanI utpatti vize eka saMbhavita kAraNa 178 vardhamAnapura (juo ANaMdapura) (rAjA) vAsudeve pitRdharma jainadharmane tyAga karyo hate 155, 178, 18, 216. (I. sa. 198 thI 236, pR. 216) vikramasaMvata sAthe jenonA saMbaMdhanI carcA. 44 (44) vaLI juo zvetAMbara zabda. vikramAditya zakAri tathA hAlazAtakaraNI samakAlIna (juo khapUTa zabda) 36, 43 vikramAdityanA putranuM arabastAnanA rAjAnI kuMvarI sucanA sAthenuM lagna 5, 49, 51, para vijayacakra ane kAryaniSidI zabdanI vyAkhyA tathA vivecana (278) (279) 304 thI 307 tathA TIkAo vidizA, ujainI ane bhillAnagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22 vidizA, jillA ane sAMcIne paraspara saMbaMdha 29 vizALa nagarI ane puSpapura nAmanI nagarIonI oLakha (25) (29) 223 vaidika mata pramANe asthi vigere avazeSe aspRzya che (juo asthi zabda) 51

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cAvI [ prAcIna vaidika smArako, mUrtio, do I. nI paurANika mAnyatA svIkArI levAmAM sAvadhAnatAnI cetavaNI ' 370 thI 73-774 vidika pratimAnI sthApanA vize sthApatya niSNAtone mata 372-4 " . jAdhAra ane vajasvAmI, 50, 51 (52) rAjadhAra ane jAvaDazAha (36) 51 zatruMjayanI taLeTI junAgaDhathI khasIne pAlItANe kyAre AvI (51) zatruMjaya mahAmyanI racanAnA samaya vize khulAso 69, 70 (70) (84) sAtavAhanavaMzIonA dharma vizenI mAhitI (43) zilAMkari, dAkSiNyacinTasari, jInabhadragaNakSamAzramaNa AdinA samaya vize (83) (84) zrutasaMrakSaNa kevI rIte khAravele pAra pADayuM teno ItihAsa 308 thI 12; 315-16 , zratarakSaNa ane pustakAhArane-duSkALa sAthe saMbaMdha hoya te kaI rIte tenuM varNana-315 zrutakevaLI tathA zrutajJAnanA viccheda vize zAstramAM je hakIkata lakhAI che tene khAravelanA zilAlekhathI maLatuM samarthana 308 thI 312 sudhI tathA TIkAo ke vetAMbara saMpradAya ane vikrama saMvatano upayoga (juo digabara zabda) sametazikharaH pArzvanAtha pahADane ItihAsa 246 thI AgaLa siddhakAsthAna' nAme oLakhAtI bhUminuM sthAna 27 sidhdhasena divAkare zivaliMgamAMthI pArzvanAthanuM kareluM prAgaTaya tathA camatkAra (333-34) sumAtrA, jAvA, ArkApelegamAMnI saMskRti vize vidvAno zuM kahe che. 358 thI 360, 361 suvarNagiri parvatanuM sthAna 44 (45) sAMcI, vidizA ane jillAne parasparano saMbaMdha 29 haribhasUrinA samayanA AMka mATe (juo devaTTIgaNI zabda) hAlazAtakaraNI (juo khapuTa zabda) 36, 43 hiMdanI uttare, jainadharma keNe kayAre phelAvyo tathA keNe paLe ane kayAMsudhI tenuM varNana 105

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zuddhipatraka 5. ke. 5. azuddha 3 vaMzAvaLI 15 57 thI 4 - 57 thI I. sa. 4 , tathA te pachInA rAjAo mATe paNa I. sa. vAMcavA. jema pR. 7nI vaMzAvaLImAM che tema 4 1 32 pR. 2nA lisTamAM pR. 3 nA lisTamAM 7 2 34 - mAdhavasena (naM. 4) : mAdhavasena (naM. 5) 14 2 3 avaMtipati aMdhrapati 33 2 12 jahAMrIgImAMthI jahAMgIrImAMthI 53 1 11 prathama dvitIya ane caturtha muddAo prathama ane dvitIya muddAo .....rAjAne lagatA che .rAjAne lagatA che; na. 1 gardabhIlane lagate che. 141 2 4 bekharAnA be khArAnA 160 2 7 kalItilA kaMkAlItilA 2 2 2 kelethI ja (juo uparamAM pU. 140) (juo uparamAM pR. 142) 223 2 26 ejaMTa rIjITa 290 2 3 447-8 45-8 65 1 30 312 372

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zuM? ane kyAM? AmAM AMka saMkhyA pRSThasUcaka che. paraMtu TIpaNe aMtargata je nAme, zabdo I. che temanAM pRSTha saMkhyAnA AMka keMsamAM mUkyA che. azokanA zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha azokanA. akAmrakAnana, 25. aSTApada, (25). agnikulIya, 330. ardhana, (280). agnimitra, 24, (256), 257, 258 (258) ahaMta, (280). (263) 265, (32) 330. ajJAtaH badanAma, 20, 22. ajAtazatru, 237, 305. - A ajAvaro, (303). Akapelege 356, 357, 358, 359 ajanTAnI guphAo (335). ANaMdapura, 8, (8) (9), 219, 220. ajhIjha pahele,67, 68,76, 77, 100, 124, 139. Adinagara, 245. ajhIjha bIje, 124, 149, AslATa, 20. ajhIlIjha, 124, 139. Abhirapati, 222. anArya deza, 228. Abhira jAtI, 222, 233. anurUddha, 231, 238, 248, (355) Amradeva, 222. anaMga bhImadeva, 329, 332. Aryadeza, 228. apApAnagarI, 29. AryaprajA, 119, 121. aphaghAnIstAna, 351 (31) 35ra. ArAne zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha ArAne abhivijaya rAjA, 22, 281, 282, 297. amarAvatI, 318 (318) 319 373 amarAvatI stUpa 371, 372, 373 InTaregnama athavA zakaprajAnuM rAjya, 3, 16, 22. amIjharA, (303). InDocAInA 356 ayamane zilAlekha-jIo zilAlekha ayamano. InDoniziA, 360, 361, 362. ayodhyA, 338, 339. InDopArthiansa, 5, 42, 53. avaMtikA, 338, 39. InDopArjiana rAjA mojhIjha, juo mojhIjha. avaMti pradeza, 235, (258) 333 (334). Indraprastha; IndrapurI, 307. avaMtinI gAdI ane avaMtipati, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, IndrabhUtiH gautama, 26. 32 (33) 53, 55, 12, 189, 220, 221, IrA ke IlAvaMza, (231) 241 (241) 222, 223, 233, 290, 330. IrAnI rAjya, 35ra. ariSTakarNa, 14, 41, (250). IrAnI akhAta, 352. azokavardhana, 17, 22, 23, 60, 136.213, 215. IsAI dharma. 264. 217, 254, 255, 263, 264, (264) 265, IsApurano zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha IsApurane. 332, 333, 366. IslAma dharma, 264.

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bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kyAM ? 21 IsvIsana 106, 109, 111. aMtarikSa, (303). Izvaradatta 222, 233. aMtaragata zaMku, . aMdhAugAma (kacchamAM), 220. uranA avaMti, 22, 25, (29) 38, 229, 234 aMdhrapati, 14, 41, 224, 25, 261, 265, (334) 338. . 266, 283, 286 (286) 318, 332, ujainanI gAdI, 4, 19. 364, 36 6. ujayaMta parvata, 217. AMdhradeza, 254, 285, 348. ujjainanI vedhazALA, 30, 40. AMdhra samrAjya, 229. utkaladeza, 234, 347. AMdhruvaMza, 79, 253, 254, 255, 265, 354 uttarahiMda, 228, 229. AMdhrabhRtyAjha, 250 (250) 284,354, (354)364. uttarApathanA rAjAo, 300. udayana bhaTa, 257. kaTaka jIllo, 235, 243. udayagiri pahADa, 277, 304, (33) 325, 349, kaDaphasIjha pahelo, 10, 11, 54, 126, 127, 128, 350, 351. 129, 132, 135, 140, 153, 156, 223. udayagiri pahADano zilAlekha, juo zilAlekhamAM. kaDasIjha bIjo urphe vema kaDaphasIjha, 54, 126, 128, udayA, 238, 248, (302) (306) 318, 129, 132, 133, 135, 141, 145, 153, 341. (355) 155, 223. udAyana 17, 23, (48) 231, 237, 238 (238) kadaMbarAjya, 238, 295. (279) (334). kadaMbAjha, (286). udepura (8). kaniSka pahelo, 6 (6) 42, 54, 10, 124, urIya athavA DiprAMte (orissA), 243. 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 148, 162, urIya bhASA 355 163, 177, 198, 223. kaniSka bIjo, 133, 134, 135, 150, 153, elekajhAMDara dhI greTa (yavanarAjA, ura, ra9. 167, 169, 173, 174, 176, 177, 213. kaniSkapura, 150, 162, 163. aila (ra) mahArAjA 241. kAja, 221. helanA maMdira (335). kaherIno zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha kaherIne. A kanyAkumArI, 348. 355 erissA deza, 234, 235, 236, 243. kanDa athavA kRSNanA rAjya, 254, 255, 277. erissApati, 264. kapilapura 245 (245). aM, A karakaMDu rAjA, ra29, 230, 231, 236, 237, aMga deza, 230, 234 (234) 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 (239) 241, 242, 245, 246, 239, 244, 245, 258, 303, 345, 346, 248, 272, 273, 274, 282, 302, 303; 347, 365, 36 6. . 307, 305, 321, 345, 347, 357 aMgapati, 229, 258. kaliMga sAmrAjya, 229, 231, 237, 242, 243, aMgUla challe, 235, 243, 244, 250, 2para, 354, 3:57, 358

Page #469
zuM? ane kyAM? ' [ prAcIna kaliMgapati, 229, 231, (32) 237, 238, 239, kuzAna saMvata -juo saMvata kuzAna-- 244. 248, 249, 250, 25, 256, 264, kuzAna prajA-120, 122, 125, 12, 138, 272, 273, 276, 280, 282, 297, 301, (154) 160, 165, 203. (31) 317, 346, 323, 363, 364, 36 6. kuzAna vaMzane zilAlekha juo zilAlekha kuzanavaMza. kaliMgadeza, 212, 229, 23 0, 232, 235 236, kerala deza-300. 237, 238, 239, 243, 244, 245, 248, koraMgA-246. 249, 25, 258, 270, 273, 283, 28, koDInAra. (9). 317, 345, 346, 347, 348, 352, 361, kAre mAMDala, 318. 365, 366. kozalapati, (299) kaliMganagarI, 246, 290, 321. kauzAMbI, 23. kaliMgajIna, 302. kaMkAlItilA, 154, 158, 176. kaliMgajInamUrti, juo jInamUrti kaliMganI. kaMcanapura, 243, 245, 245. kalika, 330, 335. kAMjIvarama, 338. kRSNa, 220. kegoda. 347. kacurI rAjAe (233). kha , vaMza (231) 233. kaliyuga saMvata, 60. khalatsa gAmane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha kRSNA nadI, 283, 284, 285, 319, 357 khalatsa gAmano. kAnarA jIllo, 286. khAravela rAjA, (232), 232, 239, 241, 242, kAlikari, 12 (12) 13, 43. 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 255, kAzI, 338. 256, 257, 258, 259, 267, 261, 262, kAzmiranI gAdI, 69, 174. 263, (264) 265, 266 (267) 267, , pati, 128. 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 276 kAra, 21, 34, 66, 72, 73, 74, 76, 80, 82, (276) (278) 279 (279) (280) 281, kAsi, (25). 282, 283, 284, (284) 286, 287, kuNAla, 23, 136. 288, 291, 293, 294, 295, 297, 299, kuNika, 231 (237) (238) 299 (299). 300, 301, 303, 304, 306, 308, 309, kumAraguptaH vikramAditya trIje, 79, 221. 310, 312, 315, 316, 317 (317) 319, kumAragupta, 222. 320 (40) 341, 342, 343, 348, kumArapAla rAjA, 230. 349, 350, 351, (351) 35ra, 323, kumArI parvata, (307) (278) 304, 357, 354, 355 (355) 3pa6, 358 361, kamArilabhaTTa, 331. 362, 363, 364, (64), 365, 366, kusthana, 15. (367), 368, 372 kuzasthaLa, 234. khaMbhAta u o , kuzAna vaMza avathA kuzAna vaMzI-5, 42, 50, 54, tabAvaTI nagarI } 8 (9). 99, 127, 132, 134, 144, 161, 173, khaMDagIrI pahADa, (77) 304, 323, (323) 175, 21, 223, 224, . 325, 338.

Page #470
bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kayAM? ga . gaddhabhavighA, 2. ya i zake che. jIe saMvata 24 ga gheSa rAjA 2. gardabha zabdane artha, (8). dhyotika, 55, 152, 174, 185, 187, 191, gadharUpa gaMdharvasenaH darpaNa, 3 (4) 4, 7, 8, 12, 193, 223. 25, 37, 43, 53. gabhIla, (3) (9) 19, 13, 33, 51. - ca9Na kSatrapa vazI, 5, 6, (44) 55, 99, 152, gadaMbhIla vaMza, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, (9) (21) 175, 176, 143, 186, 148, 191. 193, 45, 54, 73, 78, 79. . 194, 19, 199, 200, 202, (23) gayA zahera, 263 (277) 207, 216, 2 19, 220, 222, 224, 233. vAlIara, 331, 33 3. cai saMvata che gAlIarapati, 333 (334). e saMvata ca8 - giranAra parvata girinagara, (25), 217, 219, cakaNu prajA 160, 161, 165, 184, 187, 220, 324. , vaMza I 203 224, 223, 233, 330. gRharmana, 222. cANakya paMDita, 257, 298, 363, 364, 365. gupta saMvata 95, 149. cInAba nadI, 352, (365). guptavaMzI, 42 (44) 78, 94, 127, 221, 233, cInura, 285. 330, 331 (334). cIlkA sarevara vALo pradeza, 243, 245 (245) guptavaMzI vikramAditya-juo vikramAditya guptavaMzI- 292, 293, 346. godAvarI nadI, 233, 234, 243, 244, 249, 283, 284, 347, 357. cuTukAnaMda, 286. gopAla, 20. ceTaka, 299. gopIcaMdarAjA, (4). ceta nAmanA leke, 241. goviMdadAsa, 331. cetiyakula, 266. goradhanagiri, ra94, 295, ra98. cedIvaMza, 229, 231 (231) 232 (32) ra33, garathagiri pahADa, (27) 356 234, 235, 236, 239, 249, 241, 242, golakeDa, 295. 25, 266, 271, 283, 332, 347, gautama IndrabhUti, 26. 366, 363, 368. gautamIputra zAtakaraNI, 6, 67, 73, 107, 370 cedI nAmanA leke, (231). gautamIputra staMbha 370, 371 cedI deza, 231 (231) (232) 232, 233, gautama buddha, 230. - 234, 235, 245, 2para, (300). gaMgA nadI, 291, 293, 357 cedI rAjAo, (231) 235. gaMgA nadInI nahera, 244. cedI pati, 233, 238, 240; 241. gaMjAma chala, 240, 245. cedI saMvata, juo saMvata cedIguMdAno zilAlekha juo zilAlekha guMdAne cerA rAjya 356 guMdA gAma, 220. coTIlA parvata, 219. gAMDAkAranesa, 6 6 () 42, 50, 54, 124, colA rAjya, 238, 24, 36. (6) 132, 139, 140. colApati. 249, 87, 354, 366.

Page #471
24 zuM ? ane kyAM ? [ prAcIna calAjha, (286) 295, 300. - 277, 290, 300, 301, 343, 351, caulukya vaMza, (44) 79. 355, 357, 358, 361. caulukaya vaMzI vikramAditya 1le. 79. jInamUrti, pArzvanAthanI, 248, 249. >> , , bIje 79. jIrAvalA. (303). caMDa pradyota, 23, 29. jIvadAmana, 191, 199, caMDa rAya, 238, 240, 248. svAmI chavadAmana, 191. caMdragupta pahelo, 22, 27, 69, 70, 189, 213, jIrNadurgaH junAgaDha (25) 218. 215, 218, 219, 220, 221, 232, 240, junAgaDhanA zilAlekho-juo zilAlekha junAgaDhanA. 257, 266, 268 (278) (279) (291) juSka, 162. 298 (309) 310, 312, 315, 316, 332, juSkapura, 163. 348, 363, 364, 365, 366. jaina dharma, (44). 371, 372, 373 caMdragupta bIje, 40, 67, 9, 221. caMderI zahera, 235. jherosTrIana dharma 264 caMpA nagarI 235, (36) 237. caMpApurI, (25) 339. DImITa rAjA, 259, 267, 261, 277, 294, 295. cAMdA, 285. DImeTrIasa, 124, 139, 259, 260, 294, 295, 296, 298. chattIsagaDha jIlle, 244, 245. chattIsagaDhanuM rAjya, (231) 234. tAmIla bhASA 355 choTAnAgapura, 234. tanasulIya nagarI, 243, 291, 297, (317) , pradeza 288. jagannAthapurI, 243, 245, (245) 241 (32) takSIlAne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekha takSIlAne 322, 323, (24) 324, 327, 324, tIrthaMkaranA nirvANasthAna (25) 329; 330, 337, 338, 339. tIrahuta staMbha 371 jabalapura, 235, (236). tura jAtInA kSatra5, 10. jarAsaMgha prativAsudeva, 337. tu pasa athavA tapu5, 214. jagannAthanI mUti, 320, 323, 323, 326, 327, telugu bhASA 355 329, 331, 341, (341) 340, 373 taramANa, 74, 75, 137, 211 (221) 222. jayadAmana, 186, (187) 191, 226, 206, 224. tasalIya nagarI (293). jasadaNane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha jasadaNane taMbAvaTI nagarI 8, (9) , jAgauDA-ghelI, 240. tAjera (300) jAvaDazAha, 51. tuMgabhadrA. 224 jAvA 356 tramara deza, 300. jAlaiMka, 150, 124, 135. trikaliMga, 237, 300, 345, 346, 347, 348, jInamUrti; kaliMganI, 243, 244, 247, 270, 355, 358, 359, (359) 36 , 361.

Page #472
25 bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kayAM ? trikaliMgAdhipati, 229, 236, 244, 355, 360 dhaulI jAgauDa 25, (240) ra46 tricinApallI, (300). dhaulI jAgauDAne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekha dhaulI triratna cihna, 327 (327) 328, 329. jAgauDAne. tripurI pradeza, 235, 26, (236). vaikuTaka vaMza, 222, 233. vaikuTakAjha, (233) nahapANa mahAkSatrapa, 2, 8, 9, (9) 25, 41, 62, 199, 200, 247, 370 nahapaNa staMbha 370, 371 darpaNa gaMdharvasena, 2, 3, 4 (4), 8, 12, 25, 37, naravAhana rAjA, 41. 43, 53. nAIla, 3, 7. dazaratha rAjA, 254, 255, 331, nAgadazaka, 238. dazarathane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha dazarathane. nAganIkA rANI, 255, (284) 285. dakSiNa hiMda, 228, 229, , , ne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM. dadhivAhana, 229, 234, 238, 239. nAsika, 250, 284, 285, 354 dalamaMDaLane pradeza, 235. , ne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM dAnyadazrI, 187. dAmajadazrI pahelo, 191. nAsikanI guphAo 370, (30) , bIje, 191. nAhas, 2, 3, 55. , trIje, 191. nimAra challe 235. dAmasena, 191, 222. nepAla, 316. dAmodara nadI, 347. (zrI) nemInAtha, 220. devagaNi kSamAzramaNa nAmanA AcArya, 86, 87. nijhAmI pradezavALA mulaka, 250. devaNuka, 53. naMda saMvata, juo saMvata naMda. devapALa, 105. niMda vaMza, 279, 268, 270, (316). devazakti vikramAditya, 79. naMdivardhana, naMda pahelo, 23, (24) 238, (28), daMtapura. 243, 245, (245) 242, 243, 244, 247, 148, 249, 250, 267, 273, raja, 288, 289, (29) dvArikA }335, 338, 339. 301, (302), 338, 341, 346. dvArAvatI che. naMda bIje 230, 249, 257, 273, (289) 352, 354 dhanakaTaka, 317, 318, 319, 348. naMda AThama athavA ) 249, 258, (258) 259 dhanezvarasUrizvarajI 70. bRhaspatimitra athavA 267, 264, 265, 266, dharaNI kATa, 318. behaspatirAja ) 268, 270, 276, 294, dharasena, 222. ra95, 301, 355. dharmarAja: khAravela-jue khAravela. nada navame, 268 (280) 315, 255, 363, 365. dharmAditya, 3, 4, 5, 48, 50. nada rAjA, 278, 281, 284, 286, 287, 289, * muvasena rAjA, 219. 321, 35ra, (35) para hA2kA ]

Page #473
ra6 zuM? ane kayAM? [ prAcIna (317), 318, 321 (322) (325) 334, paTaNA (302) (37), 362, 363 371. pataMjalI mahAzaya, 255, 265, 295, 296. priyadarzinano zilAlekha,juo zilAlekha priyadarzinano. patelI, 246. puSpapura, 22, 23, (23) 24, 25, padmAvatI rANI, 229, 234, 239. puchapaka, 20. pazaansa, 203. purI le, 235, 243. paramAra vaMza, 79, 221. puliMda jAtIne mulaka, (235). pallava rAjya ane rAjAo, 249, 25, 297, pulumAvo. 318. 317, 347, 354, 366. puSpagIrI parvata, 323, (323) pallavIjha (286) pulumAvIne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM. palavapati, 298 purUSayuga 283. parvatezvara, 363, 364, 365. puSyamitra, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257 5havAjha, 203, (204) 238. 258, (258) 259, 267, 261, 262, parihAra vaMza, 79. 263, 264, 266, 269, 296, 301, 308 pATaliputra, 27, (25) 248, 249, (26) 257, (32) (367). (258) 262, 263, 301 (302) 318, pezAvara, 23. (318), 341. piThaNa (284,) 285. pAtaladeza, 35ra. paMcAsara-jagannAtha, (33) pAtika; kSaharATa ane bekaTrIana rAjAne sUbA, 124. paMDharapura, 337. pAtikane zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM. pAMDayA, 238. pAvApurI (25) 339. pAMDaya rAjya ane rAjAo-249, 250, 300 304, pArthIansa, 203. 317, 347, 354, 366. pAlaka rAjAnuM rAjya, (30) pAMDayAjha, 286. pArjilisa, 246. pAMDuvAsa. 297. pArzvanAtha pahADa 247, 148, 302, 321. pIMgaLA rANuM, 35. pArvatIya pradeza, 240, (240). pratihAra vaMza, 79. (zrI) pArzvanAtha 373 prativAsudeva, jarAsaMdha 337. pArzvanAthanI mUrti, (32) 303, 334, 338. prasenajIta (48) 305, punarvamana, 263. pRthvIna, 191. purI-janannAtha, 338. phadhi, 303. piyuDa zahera che . pitRnDa *** badanAmaH ajJAta, 20, 22. prilUdakadarbha, 245. badAmInA maMdira, (335). priyadarzina, 17, (25) 105, 135, 213, 217, baramAM 356 219, 235, (240), (246), 248, 2para, baLarAma che, 255, (264) 265, 26, 270, (ra7) baLabhadra che ? } 324 329, 332, 336, (278) (292) (293) 303, (30) 313, bappabhasUri, 222, 331.

Page #474
bhAratavarSa ] kharamA, 361. khadevAna, 346, 347, khastara rAjyanA pradeza, (231) 234, 244, 245. khAlAsAra, 346. khIrAra deza, 258 (284). khIMkhIsAra, 318. khilAsapura jIllA, 234. khudelakhaMDa, 235. buddhadeva, (245) (272). ekaTrIana prajA, 124. esanagara, 22, 29, 218. enAko (31). ennAtaTanagara, 285, 318, ejhavADA, 319. eramadeva zahera, (231) (234). bauddhadharma 158 (272) 265. saMvata, jIe saMvata auddha. .. aMgadeza, 345, 346, 347. zuM? ane kAM ? bha bhaTTAraka, 221. bhadrabAhu, 266, 309, 310 (310),312, 315, 316 bhadrAvatInagarI athavA bhadrezvara, 220. bhartIdAmana, 192, 220. bhartRharI, 4 (4), 5, 7, 35, 47, bhArahata, 26, 305. bhAgavata purANu, 3. bhAIlla, 3, 7. bhAgalapura, 346. bilsA, 19, 22, 24, 28, 29, 218: bhramaka, 55, 62, (160), 187. bhuvanezvara, 324, 325, 329 (330) 335, (341) (349), bhuvanezvarI pahADa, (ra77). bhikhkhurAja athavA khAravela, 249, 250, 2para, 278 (278) 312 tathA jIo khAravela zabde bhAgavarmana, 222. bheAjakaTa deza, 235. bheAjadeva (paramAravaMzI), 80. "" 27 aMgadhArA nadI, 347. bRhaspatirAja, bRhaspatimitra athavA naMda Ama, mathurApati, 125, 174, 224. mayuradhvaja, 365. jIe naMda AThame. bRhadaratha, (48). malayaketu urphe makaradhvaja, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367. maleccha prajA, 164. mahA nadI, 243, 245, 332, 346. mahAvijaya nAmanuM maMdira, 316, 317, 318, 319, 357 (357), 361. mahendrakumAra, 319. mahAvIra caitya, 45. mahAkSatrapa caRNu, jIe caRNu mahAkSatrapa (parihAravaMzI), 80, 93 (93) (330). ma magadha ane magadha rAjya, 232, 236, 237, 238, 243, 244, 248, 249, 254, 256, 250, 277, 280, 291, 292, 293, 299, 303, 316, 337, 364, 36. magadhapati, 232 (232) 233, 237, 278, 244, 256, 257, 258, 263, 200, 279, 280, 301, 321, 338, 346, 364, 365. mathurA, 260 (260) 294, 295, 296, 298, 335, 339. madhurA (madurA), (260) 296, 317, 354, 355. maNIpura, 245. mathurAnA zilAlekha, jIe zilAlekha mathurAnA "3 39 nahupALu, napANa mahAvIra saMvata, jIe saMvata mahAvIramAM. malayalI rAjya, 356. mahAsena, 29. mahAvIra, 24, 28, 29, (248), 273, (278) (279), (291), (292), (301), 304, 371,

Page #475
28 zuM ? ane kayAM? [ prAcIna mahAkezala, 229, 234, 235, 236 (239). maMgerI, 82. mahAkezalapati, 240. maMDanamizra, (331). mahA meghavAhana, 229, (230) 231, 232, 236, muMDakuMtala, 320. 238, 239 (239) 240, 244, 276, muMda, 231, 238, 248. 282, 283. mahArathI saradAra, 284. yayAtikezarI, 323, 330, 331, 335, 341 (341) mAdhavasena, 5, 35, 48, 49, 50, para, 54. yayAtinagara, juo rAjapurI. mAdhavAditya, 7, 48. yavanarAjA elekajhAMDara, 22. mALavA, (44) 91, 235. yavanaprajA, 203. mAlava saMvata, juo saMvata mAlava. yavana saradAra, 139, 259. mAlavapati, 323, 329, 330, 301, yazodAmane pahelo, 191. mAlavikA kuMvarI, 258. , bIje, 191, 220. mAlava prajA, (330). , navamo, 222. mAdraprajA, 35ra. yazodharmA mAlavapati, 74. mAdrajha-madrAjha, 352. yazodharmana, (74) 79, 81, 92, (330) 331. ' mAnastaMbha, 334, 335 (335). yazovarmana, 222. mANukyAlane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekhamAM. yakSavasatI nAme zrI mahAvIranuM citya, 45. mInenDara, 55, 124,129, 296. yajJazrI gaiAtamIputra, 366. mitrArtimAkSarI-257. yazrInA zilAlekha, (318) juo zilAlekhamAM miDeTasa, (13) yugapurANu, 19. mIdanAra, 346. yutheDImesa, 124, 139, 260, 296. mihirakula, 72, 137, (21) rarara. yudhiSThIra saMvata, juo saMvata yudhiSThIra. mulavAsara, 220. thonaprajA, 164 (23) 203. mulavAsara (mulatezvara)ne zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha mulavAsarane. murzidAbAda, 346. rAjagRhI, 256 (256) 257, 262, 277, 294, mulAnaMda, 286. 299, 300, 304, 318, 323, musi, 285. rAjamahendrI, 245. megesthanIsa, 254, 366. rAjapurI ke yayAtInagara, 245. mejhIjha, 124, 129, 141, (203). rAjanagara, 202. mehanajADe, (17). rAjasUya yajJa, 293, 294. mauryavaMza, 25, 219, 270, (316) 330, 332. rAjuvula, 124, 203. mauryaprajA, 230. rANI baLazrI, 6, 370. mauryarAjA, 232, 320. rAyapura jIle, 234. maurya saMvata, juo saMvata maurya. rASTrakaTavaMza, 79. " matrIsa, 50, 54, 6, 145. badAmana pahele, 6, 185, 191, 199, 203,

Page #476
ra9 bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kyAM? 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, vAsudeva zrIkRSNa, 337. 218, 224. vAsupUjya, 339, rUdradAmana bIje (svAmI), 191. vikrama caritraH dharmAditya, 4, 5 (7) 42). " rUdrasena pahelo, 191. vikramAditya zakAri, 3 (4), 5, 7 (7), 9, 21, , bIje, 191. 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, , trIjo (svAmI), 189, 191. 48, 63, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 77, 78, ca, 191. 81, 2, (333) (334). rUddhasiMha pahele, 191. vikramAditya 1le cAlukyavaMzI, 79. , bIje, 192, 220. . , rajo , 79. , trIje (svAmI), 189, 191. vikramAdityaH devazakti, 79. rUddhasiMha pahelA zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha rUdrasiMhane vikramAdityaH yazodharmanaH zilAditya; vikalpa, 70, 82, rUdradAmanane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha rudradAmanane. kara; vaLI juo hRNAri vikramAditya. rUSabhadatta, 2, 8, (9), 13, 14, 41, 53. vikrama saMvata, juo saMvata vikrama rUpanAthane khaDaka lekha, 235 (236). vikramasiMha } 34, 66, 79. lAlaka, (351) 351. vikramAditya pahelo (caMdragupta pahelo) (guptavaMzI), liaka, 124. 79, 12, livI, 295. vikramAditya bIjo (caMdragupta bIje) guptavaMzI, 74, 79. laukika saMvatsara, juo saMvatsaramAM. vikramAditya trIja (guptavaMzI) 2. (kumAragupta). vakragrIva rAjA, (24)353, 363, 364, 365,366 vijayanagara, 245. vajIsvAmI AcArya. 50. viSNugupta, 214. valabhIpura, 221. vijayasena, 191. . vallabhI rAjya, 352. vimalagiri zatruMjaya parvata, 220, 240. , vaMza, 79. vizvasena, 220. vijhIra pradeza, 35ra. vidarbhadeza, (231) 234, 235, 241. vardhamAna kumAra, (248). viSNu bhagavAna, (245).. vardhamAnapurI, 246. viMdhyAparvata, 6. vaziSTha urphe zuSka, 55, 128, 129, 135, 152, vimalavasahi, (324). 166, 168, 170, 172, 194, 198, 223. viSakanyA rANI, 365. vakane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha vaDakana. vIradAmana, 191. vaziSThaputra zAtakaraNI, 6. vidizA, 19, 22, 24 (24) 28, 29, 218, 259. varADa jIlo, 283. vizAlAnagarI, 22, 23 (23) (299). vAkapatirAja, 222, 331. varaMguLa, 285. vAsudeva pahele 128, 129, 135, 177, 181, 224. vema kaDasIjha, juo kaDIjha bIjo. vAsavadattA, 23. veNa nadI, 284

Page #477
30 vedhazALA ujainanA, 39, 40. vena, -81, 282. vaivAcaka ke vairAcana 353, 364. vaibhAragira, vaitaraNI nadI, 347. vaizAlInagarI, (299). vaMgadeza, 347. vaMzadeza, 230, (231) 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 243, 244, 245, 347, 365. vaMzavardhana, 282. vRddhirAja, 242, 244, 249, 250, 252, 262, 278, (278) 282, 297, 312, 345, 353, za zakaDALa pradhAna, (310) 315, 355. zakAra vikramAditya, jIe vikramAditya zakAra. zaka saMvata, jIe saMvata zakamAM. zakaprajA ane tenuM rAjya, 3, 5, 13, 16, 22, 12, 73, 75, 203, zatrujya, 41, 51, (324) 220. zivala, 20. zazAMka rAjA, 263. zAketa ke zAkala, (296). zAtakaraNI, 321, 316.' zatavAhana vaMza, 283, (284). thAtakaraNI vaziSThaputra, 6, 366. "" khIjo, 6, 22, 27. gaitamIputra, 6, 67, 73, 107, "" "" zu? ane kayAM ? 286, 370. zAlIvAhana, (267). [ prAcIna 255, 256, 261, (262), 266, (271), 283, 284, (284), (286), 297, 354. - (354), 364, (364). 366, 370. zilAlekha kuzAnavaMzanA, (203). ,, zAtavAhana vaMza, 36, 54, 73, 229, 233, 250, (292), (271), (354), 370. zAlivAhana zakAA, 72. zAtakaraNI, pulumAvI, 212, 361. zAlizuka, priyadarzinane sUkSma, 215, 331. zAtakaraNI zrImukha, 250, (250), 257, 254, "" "" "" ,, .. 22 "" "" "" ', ,, "" "" "" "" "" ', * ,, "" 39 "" "" ,, ?? ayamane, (203). khalatta gAmanA, (203). kanherIneA, 211, 212. udayagira pahADanA, 69. IsApurA, 223. ArAnA, 224. azAkanA, (324). guMdAnA (rUdrasIMha pahelAneA), (216), 219. junAgaDhaneA ( " ) (216). jasadaNanA, (216), 219. nAsikanA, 254, 255. dazaracanA, 254. nAganikA rANInA kAtarAvelA, 253, 254. pAtikaneA, (203). priyadarzinanA, 211, 219, 244, 246. 248, 252, 255, (264), 266, (276), 285, (293), 303, (313), (316), 321, (321), (322). mathurAnA, 168, 171, 173, 223, 224, dhAlIjAgauDAvALA, (323), (238), (349), mulezvara-mulavAsara, rUdrasena pahelAnA, (216). yajJazrInA, (318). rUdradAmananA, 197, 203. rUpanAcatA, 235, (236). mANIkayAlanA, 223. takSilAnA, 68, 76, (203), (279). varDakanA, 168, 171, 172, 224, sAranAthanA, 223. zudarzana taLAvatA, 6, 213, 215, 217. hAthINuMkAne, (221), (232), (239), 241, 242, 244, 247, 250, 222, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262, 263, 264, (264), 26,

Page #478
- - - - - - - 31. bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kayAM? 267, 269, 271, 273, 274, 276, (277), sametazIkhara, 25, 279, 240, (24), 247, 29, 280, (280), (291), 306, 315, (278), 321. 316, 316. 318, 323, (337), 341, 343, samudragupta, 210. 345, 346, 347, 348, (348), 349. 350, sAtakaraNI, 282, 283, 285, 286. 352, 353, (354), 355, 357, (363). sAketa pradeza, 296. 366, 368, 371, 373. sAlema, (380). zistAna, 17. serisare, (303). zizunAgavaMza, (248), 270. sAranAthano zilAlekha. juo zilAlekha sAranAthane. zizupAlarAjA, 235. silena, 262. zilAditya-juo vikramAditya devazakti. " pati, 262. zaka, 34, 66, 89, siddhasena divAkara, 222, 233, (333), 334, 336. zaMgavaMza, 24, 25, 124, 252, 253, 255, sucanA, 5, 49, 51, 238. 263, (284), 301, 330, (34). suratha rAjA, 238, 27ra. suvarNarekhA nadI, 243, 244, 245. zaMgabhatyA, surasena, (260). myuvihAra, 150. dhULIbhadrajI, (291), 310, (310), 315, zukrAditya, 7, 35, 47. 316, (316). zobhanarAya, ra38, 242, 248. zaMkarAcArya, 331. sugAMgeya, 301. sIkaMdara zAha, 17. zaku, 5, 32. sIthIansa, 16. zaMkhezara, (303). zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha, 337. sudarzana taLAva, 6, 213, 215, 217, 218. zrImukha zAtakaraNa. juo zAtakaraNI zrImukha. subhadrA, 327, 329, 332, zrIkakula, 246. " nI mUrti, 336. zreNIka rAjA, 230, 231, 232, 236, 237, sedI, cedI jAtI, 235. (36), 318. . saMDAsa, 124, (203). zrIyakajI, 315. sona nadI, 249. saurASTra, 6, (9), 41, 87, 189, 218. zravaNa belagoLa, 310. saMkIsA pIlara, 371. zrI kRSNa, 323, 329, 332, 333, 335, 337. saMvatsaranI sthApanA, 2. zrI kRSNa maMdira, 335, 336. saMvata kuzAna, 106, 205, 223. zrI kRSNa vAsudeva, 337. sane IsvIsana, 106, 109, 111. saMvata gupta, 95, 189. satyadAma, 191. " caSaNa, 91, 95, 106, 192, 193, 205, satalaja, ra61, 296 (330). 220, 223. staMbhana, (303). " cedI, 64, (231), 233, 234, 271, samudrataTa, 244. 272, 273, 274, 34pa.

Page #479
32 saMvata naMda, 267, 268, 270, (270), 287. bauddha, 106, 107. 35 mahAvIra, (61), 64, 106, 107, 111, ,, .. " 29 "" .. "" zu? ane kayAM ? 272, 274. 288, 289, 245. mAlava, 65, 88, 90, 95, 106, 107. maurya, 267, (267), 268,269, 270, 287, yudhiSThira, 60. laukIka, 60. vikrama, 21, (21), 33, 34, 37, (62), 64, 78, 95, 101, 106, 109, 111. zaka, 2, 50, 65, 88, 91, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, (103), 106, 107. kSaRsrATa, 63, 64, 95, 106. saMtrIjI nAme kSatriyantatI, 230. saMkhalapura jIllA, 235, 243. sAMcIneA zilAlekha. jIe! zilAlekha sAMcIneA. sAMcI naMgara 22, 155. } ,, 245, (45). 308, pradeza 218, 232, 333, 336, 339. sAMcI stUpa, 218, (327), 328. siMhaprastha. siMhapura siMhapura nagara siMdhulA rANI, 278, 307, (350), 351. siMdhu sAvirapatI, (279). siMdha deza, (17). siMdhupati, (334). siMhaladvIpa, 238, 25, 262, 280, 282, 297, (355). svAmI jIvadAmana ,191. "" satyasiMha, 191. svAmI siMhasena, 191sumAtrA, 356. hegAma, haMgAmAsa, 124. "" ,, [ prAcIna nA sikkA, (203). harSavardhana, 75, 221, 222. haDALA tAmrapaTa, 219 hAthINuMkAnA zilAlekha. jue zilAlekha hAthINuMkAnA haDIzAha ke haThIsiMha, 351, (351). hayuena zAMga, 341. Ari vikramAditya, 79, 82, 92. hukapura, 162, 163, zujAtI, 75, 120, 122, 138, 221, (221), 22. huviSka, 55, 128, 129, 134, 135, 151, 153, 162, 169, 170, 176, 174, 198. hAzaMgAkhAda jIllA, 235. sa kSaharATa prajA, 41, 94, 124, 203. kSaharATa bhramaka, 55, 62, (160), 187. kSaharATa saMvata. jIe saMvata kSaharATa. kSemarAja, (230), 231, 232, (232), 225, 236, 238, 239, (239), 242, 243. 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 272, 278; (278), 282, 301, 321, 332, 345, 366. saharATa, 270.

Page #480
A graMtha viSe maLelA abhiprAya hamake atIva sateSa huA. bahota samayase hama jIsa cIja ke cAhate the Aja vahI hamArI daSTimeM AI Isame je je varNana dIyA hai, yadI vistRta graMtha prakAzita have te, hamArI mAnyatA hai kI janasAhityameM eka apUrva prAthamika aura maulika ItihAsakA AvirbhAva hogA. Isake paDhanese jaina dharmanI prAcInatA ke viSayomeM je kucha bhrama janatAmeM paDA rahA hai, vaha ra ho jAyegA, Isa liye yaha apUrva graMtha jitanI jaladI prakAzita have utanAhI acchA hai sAthameM hama jaina ora jainetara kula sajajane ke yaha salAha dete hai; ki Isa graMthakI eka eka nakala Apa apane pustaka saMgrahameM avazyameva saMgrahita kare kaki yaha graMtha kevaLa jaina ki prAcInatAne siddha karatA hi, ItanAhI nahIM, sAthameM bhAratavarSa kI prAcInatA ke bhI siddha karatAhe. Isa lIe graMthakA je nAma rakhA gayA hai vaha bIlakula sArtha che. vallabhavijaya pAlaNapura nyAyanidhi jainAcArya zrImadvijyAnaMdasUrijIkA paTTadhara (2) bhAratavarSanA ItihAsanA saMkSiptasAranI pustikA 44 prakaraNavAlI vAMcatAM ema mane lAge che ke atyAranI jaina bALaprajA te viSayamAM potAnI pharaja samajatI thAya tema A pustaka upayogI thaze. amadAvAda | vijayanItisUri pustakanI rUparekhA darzAvatuM pemphaleTa maLyuM che. tenI rUparekhA jotAM pustaka ati mahatvanuM thaze ane e satvara prakAza pAme e vadhAre IcchavA yogya che. pATaNa pravartaka kAMtivijayajI tamee ItihAsa mATe ghaNe saMgraha karyo che. tame tamArA hAthe samAjane je kAMI ApI jaze te bIjAthI maLavuM duzakaya che; eTale A kAma tamee je upADayuM teja sarvathA samUcita che. AvA graMthanI atIva agatya che, A graMtha jema jaladI bahAra paDe tema keziSa karavA saprema sUcana che. dilahI muni darzanavijayajI (jaina sAhityanA eka samIkSaka) :53.

Page #481
[3] (5) prayAsa stutya che ane aitihAsika zeka buddhi tathA uhApAha karavAnI paddhati suMdara che. A pustakathI ghaNIka khAkhatAnA bhrama dUra thai zakaze. A navIna prakAzathI huM: prApta thAya tevuM ghaNuM sATa purAvAovALuM lakhANa che. eTaluM ja nahI paNa aneka zilAlekhA, sikkAo ane prazastinI madada lai vivecana thayeluM dekhAya che. kaccha-putrI suni lakSmIcaMda ( 6 ) zrI mahAvIra ane zrI buddha banne samakAlIna hatA te mAkhata jaina lekhakA ane itara paradezI vidyAnA sahamata che. ahiMsA tattvanA pracAra paNa teoe lagabhaga ekaja kSetramAM karyAM che. chatAM dilagIrI jevuM e che ke keTalAMka sthAnAmAM je avazeSo maLI AvyAM che te mahAtmA buddhanAMja kahevAya che, jyAre mahAvIranAM avazeSo vize ApaNe tadna adhakAramAMja chIe. sadbhAgye DA. tri la. zAhe A khAmata varSo thayAM hAtha karI che ane pArzvanAthanA samayathI ArabhIne eka hajAra varSanA itihAsa sazASita karavA mAMDayA che. te jAhera kare che ke zrI mahAvIra samarpita thayela ghaNAM avazeSo ApaNI yAtrAnA sthaLa mAge mAjIda paDela che. jenI bhALa hajI sudhI ApaNu kAine nathI. emanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke zrI mahAvIranA jIvana mAMhenA keTalAye manAvAnAM sthAna, vatamAnakALe je manAtAM AvyAM che tenA karatAM anya sthaLe hAvAnuM sAbita thaI zake che. jo temaja hAya tA DaoN. zAha sapUrNa khAtrI dharAve che ke temaja che; teA tA jarUra jaina itihAsamAM eka krAntikAra yuga ubhA thaze ane vizAro ane anya kAryakartAone te kSetramAM vizeSa abhyAsa karavAne pUratI sAmagrI maLI kahevAze. gulAbacaMdajI haDDI. ema. e. zrI. jai. ke. nA janarala sekreTarI ane umaipura pAzva AzramanA vyavasthApaka (1) pustaka taddana naDyuM kiMtu khAle che ema samajAya che, tame e putaka taiyAra karavAmAM ghaNA zrama lIdheA lAge che. subaI kRSNalAla mehanalAla jhaverI dIvAna bahAdura, ema. e. ela ela khI. (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha) (8) hAlamAM temaNe e graMthanI saMpUrNa hakIkatanuM hastapatra bahAra pADayuM che. te uparathI tenA mahattvanA sArA khyAla maLyeA che. graMthanA cumAlIsa paccheda karelA che. ane

Page #482
temAM eka hajAra varSane ItihAsa, sAdI, saraLa ane rasamaya bhASAmAM Apela che. bhAratavarSanA prAcIna ItihAsane A mATe graMtha keIpaNa bhASAmAM nathI. prAcIna samayamAM pravartI rahelA vaidika, bAddha ane jaina dharma saMbaMdhI te vakhate cAlatI, rAjA, amAtya athavA pradhAna maMDaLanI vyavasthA ane baMdIkhAnAM, grAmya sudhAraNA, paMcAyata, vidyAlaya, vyApAra, khetI vigere saMsthAo saMbaMdhI hakIkata vistArapUrvaka ApelI che, ane te ghaNI bodhaka che. eTale A graMtha ghaNe zrama laI tathA ghaNuM pustakonA asala AdhAre, zilA ane tAmralekha, sikkA vagere joI AdhArabhUta gaNI zakAya tevuM banAvyuM che. sarva rIte uttejanane pAtra che ema mane lAge che. jaina samAjanA, vidvAnonA, vidyAlayenA ane rAjA mahArAjAonA Azraya vagara A mATe graMtha prasiddhimAM mUke azaya che. tethI tenI sArI saMkhyAmAM nakale levAnuM AzvAsana ApI temanA taraphathI graMthakartAne utsAha ane uttejana maLaze evI AzA che. vaDodarA goviMdabhAI hA. desAI bI. e. ela. ela. bI, nAyaba dIvAna (9) (oN. tri. la. zAhe aneka navAM dRSTibiMduo AdhAra sAthe A pustakamAM raju karyo hoya ema jaNAya che. azoka ane caMdragupta saMbaMdhI temanAM maMtavya itihAsanI dunIAmAM viplava karAve evAM che. pustakane vistAra paNa khUba che. AzA rahe che ke AdhArasthaLane nirdeza paNa temAM thaze ja. saMpUrNa anukramaNikAnI eTalI ja AvazyakatA gaNAya. A pustaka pragaTa thatAM eka agatyanI jarUriyAta pUrI pADavAnuM dhArI zakAya che. ItihAsane zokha vadhato jAya che, evA samayamAM A pustaka gujarAtI sAhityamAM meTI khoTa pUrI pADaze evAM cihno sadara hastapatramAM spaSTa jaNAya che. lehAra sTrITa, motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDIA manahara bilDIMga, muMbaI bI. e. ela. ela. bI. solIsITara (10) ItihAsanA anabhijJane paNa prathama daSTie ja vadhAvI levA yogya lAge evuM A graMtha prakAzananuM sAhasa che. ItihAsa pratyenI lokarUcI aNubIlI ane vidyAvikAsa karatI saMsthAo pramAda, pakSapAta athavA nirdhanatAne bhegA thaI paDI che, tevA saMjogonI vacce AvA graMthanuM jokhama lenAra prathama kSaNeja sahanAM abhinaMdana mAMgI ye che. A sAhasa pAchaLa graMthakAranA jIvananI pacIsa varSanI prakhara sAdhanA che. TIppaNe, samayAvaLI, vaMzAvaLI, viSaya zodhavAnI cAvI vigere ApIne eka bAjue lekhake AkhA viSayane vidvadarbhogya banAvyuM che ne bIjI bAju bhASAzailI saraLa, gharagaththu, kaMIka vArtA kathanane maLatI rAkhavAthI graMtha vidvatAne eka khUNe ja na paDI jAya te banyo che. muMbaI janmabhUmi dainika patra)

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4] (11) Aje jyAre dezane sAce ItihAsa paNa dezajane mATe durlabha thaI paDayo che; - hiMdanA jAjavalyamAna bhUtakALa upara jANI joIne pada pADI, rASTranA saMtAne samakSa hiMdanI parAdhInatA ane pAmaratAnA divasene ja ulekha karanAra videzIoe lakhelo ke prerelo ItihAsa dharavAmAM Ave che, te samaye pacIsa pacIsa varSanA tapane pariNAme graMthakAre upalabdha sAdhanene banI zake teTale abhyAsa karIne I. sa. pUrve 900 thI I. sa. 100 sudhInA hajAra varSane ItihAsa ApavAne karelA prayAsa jema apUrva che tema A dizAmAM prakAza pheMkanAro che. A upayogI graMthane ItihAsanA abhyAsIo ja nahIM paNa tamAma gujarAtI vAMcavA prerAya te Agraha karIe chIe, ane eka gujarAtI saMzodhaka vidvAnanI kadara karI pitAne zIrethI bekadarapaNAne cheSa dUra karavAnA prayAsa mATe gujarAtane A pustaka satkAravA yogya hovAnI khAtrI ApIe chIe. hiMdustAna ane prajAmitra(nika patra) muMbaI (12) " dAktara tribhuvanadAsa zAhe bhAratavarSanA prAcIna ItihAsa para je navo prakAza pADavA tatparatA batAvI che e bhAratavarSIya dareka vyakti temaja saMsthAe abhinaMdavA cogya che. pote lakhelA ItihAsanA prakaraNanI TUMka pachAna patrikArUpe ApIne ApaNane khUba utkaMThita banAvyA che. AvA zramapUrvaka ane ATalI vigatavALA pustakane dareka vyaktie potAthI bane teTalI madada karavI joIe. dezabhASAmAM AvAM pustakanI atyaMta jarUra varSo thayAM lAgyA karatI hatI. dAktara tribhuvanadAse varSo sudhI mahenata karI tevuM eka pustaka tera karyuM che. e kharekhara bahu khuzI thavA jevuM che. dareka zALA, dareka lAyabrerI ane banI zake tevI dareka vyaktie e pustaka avazya vasAvavA jevuM che. hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjArIA ema. e [mAcha] ejayu. InsapekaTara myunIsIpala skulsa, muMbaI prInsIpAla, vimensa yunIvarasITI, muMbaI (13) A badhI sAdhanasaMpattithI uttejIta thaIne Do. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAhe hindanA prAcIna yugane ItihAsa 35 thI kADhavAne je prayAsa karela che te kharekhara stutya che. jaina enasAIkalopIDIAne Age bheLI karela pramANabhUta ItihAsika sAmagrIne A ItihAsa ghaDavAmAM temaNe vivekapUrvaka upayoga karela che. baMbagoLA jevA temAM dekhAtA keTalAka navA niNothI bhaDakIne bhAgavAne badale, hareka ItihAsapremI vidyArthI temaja abhyAsI, prema ane zraddhApUrvaka A graMthane abhyAsa karaze te mArI khAtrI che ke te muMbaI

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muMbaI tu] yuganA itihAsanA kilaSTa ane zaMkAspada prazna upara ghaNuM navuM ajavALuM paDaze. ane ApaNe vidyArthIone ke ADe raste detA hatA tenuM sahaja bhAna thaze. keLavaNIkhAtAM temaja pustakAlaya vigerenA adhikArIo A prayAsa tarapha sahAnubhUti darzAvaze evI AzA che. prInsa opha velsa myujhIama AcArya girijAzaMkara vallabhajI ema. e. kayureTara, ArkolojIkala sekSana (14). (igrejI uparathI anuvAda) . zAhanA prAcIna bhAratavarSa nAmanA jaMgI pustakanI saMkSipta neMdha huM rasapUrvaka vAMcI gayo chuM. ane mane khAtrI thAya che ke, te graMtha atIva upagI ane rasadAyI nIvaDaze. temaNe ghaNA navA muddA carcA che ane te sAthe bhale ApaNe sarvathA saMmata na paNa thaIe, chatAM kartAnA jabbara kheta ane baheLA vAMcanane purAve to ApaNane maLe che ja. mane saMpUrNa khAtrI che ke prAcya vidyAnA abhyAsIo tene sarvazreSTha satkAra karaze. muMbaI eca. DI. velInkara ema. e. vilsana koleja muMbaI yunIvarasITImAM jaina sAhityanA parIkSaka (15). (aMgrejI uparathI anuvAda ) jaina sAhityanA pramANika graMthamAMthI hakIkatanI saMbhALa pUrvaka je gaSaNa temaNe karI che, temAM ja A puratakanI kharI khUbI bharelI che. prAcIna itihAsamAMthI to cALI kADhavAmAM temaNe atyaMta parizrama uThAvyuM dekhAya che. ane vartamAna sanmAnIta maMtavyothI temanAM anumAne che ke lagabhaga ulaTI ja dIzAnAM che, chatAM kabUla karavuM paDe che ke, temanA nirNayothI rasabharI carcA ane vivAda ubhA thaze ane temAMthI kaMI anerA lAbha prApta thaze. bI. bhaTTAcArya vaDodarA ema. e. pI. eca. DI. DirekaTara, orIenTala InsTITayuTa (16) hiMdanI keIe bhASAmAM te zuM paNa aMgrejImAM paNa jenI tela Ave evAM gaNatara pustaka ja haze, e badhI vastuo khyAlamAM letAM, ane itihAsanA abhyAsIo mATe je sAdhanasaMgraha AmAM mUkAyela che te jotAM De. tribhuvanadAsanI zramazIlatA, itihAsa saMzodhananA kSetramAM kadara karavA jevI che. A graMthamAMnA saMzodhana ane vidhAna eka yA bIjI rIte mArgadarzaka, dizAdarzaka ke prakAza pahoMcADanArAM thaI paDaze ema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI. amadAvAda prajAbaMdhu (sAptAhika)

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(17) 3. zrI tribhovanadAsa laheracaMde hiMdustAnane prAcIna itihAsa gujarAtImAM lakhyo che, je huM athathI iti sudhI vAMcI gayo chuM. tribhuvanadAsa bhAIe A itihAsa jaina, bauddha ane hiMdu sAhitya upara race che. ne temaNe te sAhitya uparAMta sikkAo, guphAo vigerenA zilAlekhe ItyAdi bahu vigatavAra joyA che. ItihAsakAroe atyAra sudhI jena sAhityanI ane jaina sAmagrInI avagaNanA karI hatI te tribhuvanadAsabhAIe karI nathI, tethI temanA lakhANamAM samagratAne guNa AvI jAya che. ane atyAra sudhI nahIM jANavAmAM AveluM sAhitya emanI kRtimAM jovAmAM Ave che. temane prayAsa jaina samAje te khAsa vadhAvI levuM joIe, kAraNa temanuM sAhitya te temaNe pUrepUruM A kRtimAM upayogamAM lIdhuM che. kAmadAra kezavalAla hiMmatarAma ema. e. vaDodarA ItihAsanA prophesara, vaDodarA keleja ItihAsanA ekajhAmInara, muMbaI yunIvarasITI (18). ensAIkalopIDIA jainIkA jevo graMtha lakhavAno prayAsa karI rahyA che te jANI AnaMda thAya che ane temAMthI thoDoka bhAga judo kADhI bhAratavarSane prAcIna ItihAsa e nAmanuM pustaka jaldIthI bahAra pADavA mAMgo cho tathA tenI zarUAtanA bhAganA pharma mane jevA tame moka9yAM che te mATe Apane upakAra mAnuM chuM. jaina sAhityane vaLagI rahI te uparathI upasthita thatAM ItihAsanAM to barAbara goThavI eka kALane ItihAsa lakhavAnI tamArI taiyArI stutya che. evuM bane paNa kharuM ke brAhmaNa sAhitya ane bauddha sAhityamAM je rIte viSaye carcA che, tethI jema thoDo thoDo phera paDe che tema temanA ane jaina sAhityanA graMthamAM phera paDe te emAM kaMI asvabhAvika nathI. badhA viSayone meLavI jatAM emAMthI kaMIka paNa tAtparya sAruM nIkaLaze ane ApanA e prayAsane huM kharekhara stutya gaNuM chuM. vizvanAtha prabhurAma, bAra eTa-le muMbaI bhAMDArakara orIenTala rIsarca InsTITayuTanA kAryavAhaka ola InDIA orIenTala sTenDIMga kamITInA sabhya (19) gujarAtI bhASAmAM ItihAsanA viSaya para ane teya saMzodhana tarIke lakhAyelAM pustake AMgaLIne veDhe gaNAya eTalAM ja che. temAM De. tribhuvanadAsabhAInA A bahadu graMthathI gIravabharyo umero thAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa e kSetramAM ene naMbara prathama gaNAya te navAI nahIM. abhyAsapUrNa AvI upagI kRti, satata parizrama

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pUrvaka taiyAra karyA badala . tribhuvanadAsane abhinadIe chIe. ane IcchIe chIe ke, gujarAta, A gujarAtI prakAzanane umaLakAbhera uThAva karI lekhakane tema karavAnuM priotsAhana Apaze. adhyayana vibhAganI zobhArUpa A upagI kRtine gujarAta tathA bRhad gujarAtanAM eke eka sAdhanasaMpanna pustakAlayanI abharAI para sthAna maLe ja maLe. prAcIna ItihAsanA zekhIne tathA abhyAsIo A graMtha ekavAra najara taLe kADhI javAne te na ja cUke. vaDodarA pustakAlaya (mAsika) (20) prAcIna bhArata varSa (bhAga bIje) lekhaka che. trI. la. zAha, gayAgeTa reDa vaDedarA. prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa ku. rAvapurA, TAvara sAme vaDodarA; pAkuM pUMThuM sacitra kiMmata rU. 7-8-0 (21) AkhuM pustaka hiMdanA prAcIna ItihAsa upara taddana navo ja prakAza pADe che. jyAM jyAM lekhaka pite purogAmI lekhakanA matathI virUddha jAya che tyAM tyAM badhe teo majabUta purAvAo Ape che. AkhuM pustaka vAMcavA jevuM che ane abhyAsIoe manana karavA yogya che. bhASA saraLa ane viSayanI vastunI gahanatAne ekadama spaSTa kare tevI che. lekhaka dhaMdhe DaoNkaTara hoI, purAtattvanA viSayane ATalo badho paricaya dharAve che te kharekhara dhanyavAdane pAtra tathA zobhAspada che. temanI kRti dareka vAMcanAlayamAM javI joIe. vaDodarA "sAhityakAra" (sarada aMka) (22) (IgrejI anuvAda) prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga bIje kartA Do. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha, vaDodarAH prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa ku. rAvapurA roDa, vaDodarApRcche. 412+11+15+16+8 kalAtha bAunDa rU. 7-8-0 A nAmAMkita-nAmAMkita eTalA mATe ke vaidaka vidyAne purUSa bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsamAM uDe utarato dekhAya che-graMthanA pahelA bhAgane paricaya kayArane apAI ga che. rasamaya pRthyavALA A anupama pustakamAM sikkAonuM--prAcIna sikkAonuM, eTale ke prAcIna bhAratamAM te vakhate vaparAtA sikakAonuM varNana ApeluM che. te uparAMta vizanA rAjaamalanuM temaja paradezIoecavanae gujArela julmanuM khyAna eka vijJAnikanI peThe cokasAIthI ApyuM che. sAthe joDelA anukramo-sUcIo ati upayogI che. kemake pustakanI aMdaranA vividha viSayo zodhI kADhavAne te cAvIrUpa thaI paDe che. kalakattA tA. 7-9-1936 meMDarna rIvyu (mAsika patra)

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le! mAya vazanA prathama cAra rAjA caMdragupta, biMdusAra, azaiAka ane priyadarzinanAM jIvana-caritrA A pustakamAM AlekhAyAM che. prAcIna zilAlekhA, sikkAo ane pramANabhUta itihAsavettAonA AdhAra ApI lekhake prAcIna itihAsanuM taddana navIja dRSTibindu raju karyuM che. dAkhalA tarIke azAka ane priyadarzina banne eka nahi paNa judI vyakti hatI. azAkanA zilAlekhA Addha dharmanA nahi paNa jaina dharmAMnA hatA. mA vaMzanA A cAreya rAjAonAM jIvana upara lekhake navIna prakAza phekaceA che. caMdragupta (sephUMkATasa)tathA ', cANakaya urphe kATalya vizenI hakIkata paNa judIja rIte AlekhAi che, e vakhate jainadhama keTalA vizvavyApI hatA te pramANabhUta AdhAreAthI lekhake sAbitakaryuM che. lekhake A itihAsa eTalA te uthalAvI nAMkhyA che ke vAcakane AzcaryamAM garakAva karI de che. mAhitI rasapUrNa che. lekhake raju karelI hakIkata vize kadAca matabheda paDeteA paNa A pustakanI upacegItA viSe te e mata che ja nahi. judAM judAM citro, tenA paricaya sAthe ApavAmAM AvyAM che. prAcIna yuganA sikkAonAM citrapaTa tathA tenA viSe ApavAmAM AvelI mAhItinuM prakaraNa ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM AvuM suMdara upayAgI pustaka taiyAra karavA mATe lekhakane dhanyavAda ghaTe che. vaDAdarA navagujarAta ( sAptAhika) (23) A pustakanuM kharekharUM AkaSa Nu prAcIna mA vaMzanA sikkA citronuM che. A citrAnI eka dara saMkhyA 95 nI che. e sikkA kevA prakAranA che, tenI utpati kevI rIte thaI, te upara AvelAM cinhA dhArmika ke rAjadvArI che, cinhA kAtaravAnA hetu zuM che, vagere mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che, ane te vAMcyA bAda kahevAnI jarUra che ke sikkAo vizenI AvI mAhitI ekaja pustakamAM bahu thADe ThekANe maLI zakaze....pustakanI bhASA, sAdI ane saraLa hAvAthI, sAmAnya abhyAsI paNa te samajI zake evuM che ane temAM AvelI aitihAsika ghaTanAo evI te rasika che ke te kaI kahANI -kissAne bhulAve teve Anada Ape che........mAddha dhama bhAratavaSa mAM kema TakI na zakayA, tenAM kAraNeA saMbaMdhamAM lakhANathI vivecana kare che ane bhArAbhAra purAvA Ape che....A pustakamAM je khAsa mahattvanI khAkhata lekhaka mahAzaye asAdhAraNuM lakhAIthI carcI che te azAka ane priyadarzina mahArAjA sAthe saMbadha dharAve che....A khAkhata bahu lakhANuthI carcA karIne ane saMkhyAbaMdha purAvA ApIne evA nirdeza karavAmAM AnyA che ke priyadazina ane azAka ane judIja vyaktio hatI. upalA zilAlekhA azAke nahi paNa priyadarzine kAtarAvyA hatA, kemake te pAte jaina dharmanA hatA ane tethI teNe jainadharmanA mULa tattvarUpa e AjJAe kAtarAvI tenA phelAvA karyAM hatA. mahArAjA priyadarzinanuM je caritra A pustakamAM raju thayuM che te caritra tadna navInaja che.

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ane che mATe aneka purAvAo A pustakamAM mojUda che. prAcIna ItihAsa-abhyAsIoe . A prakaraNe khAsa vAMcavA jevAM che seMkaTasa caMdragupta nahi paNa tene patra azekavardhana hatuM e mATe lekhaka mahAzaye je asala lakhANane AdhAre seMkeTasane caMdragupta tarIke TharAvavAmAM Avyo che te asala lakhANa raju karyuM che ane tene ja AdhAra laI sekeTasa azovardhana hatuM ema zabdonA artha karI ane bIjA purAvA ApI sAbita karyuM che....caMdraguptanA rAjapurohita cANakaya athavA kauTilyane janmakALathI na ja itihAsa purAvA sAthe raju karI tenA janma-maraNanAM sthAna temaja jIvana upara ane prakAza atihAsika purAvA raju karI pADavAmAM Ave che. A pustaka vAcatAM eka bAbata khAsa tarI Ave che te e ke prAcIna bhAratavarSanA rAjyakartAo "dharmanA siddhAnta upara khAsa dhyAna ApatA hatA ane vAraMvAra vaidika ane jaina darzana vacce gharSaNa thatuM hatuM. AvA eka saMzodhaka ane nava prakAza pADanAra pustaka pragaTa karavA mATe tenA lekhaka Do. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAhane mubArakabAdI ghaTe che. tA. 30-5-36 muMbaI samAcAra lekhake pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM lIdhela zrama ane navA vidhAno bAMdhavA mATenI temanI paSaka vRtti A pustakamAM paNa pAne pAne jaNAI Ave che, ane amane lAge che ke prAcIna bhAratane ItihAsa bane teTalA susaMbaMdha temaja vistRta svarUpamAM, agrejImAM paNa okasapharDa ane kembrIja yunivarsiTI taraphathI aneka graMthomAM bahAra paDelA hiMdanA ItihAsa ane bIjA keTalAka gaNatara graMthe bAda karIe te, ATalAM sAdhane ane zramazIlatA pUrvaka abhyAsa karIne lakhAyalAM pustakarUpe bhAgye ja jovAmAM Avaze. "prAcIna bhAratavarSa'nA lekhake bane tyAM sudhI chellAmAM chellI mAhitIone upayoga karyo che e jaNAI Ave che ane temanI e cIvaTa gUjarAtamAM to zodhakhoLanA kSetramAM kAma karatA ghaNuMke dhaDe levA jevI che....A pustakedvArA khAsa karIne jina ItihAsane uddhAra thaI rahyo che. emAM te zaka nathI. jaina sAdhanane upayoga paNa vizeSa pramANamAM thaele che paraMtu jaina itihAsa sAthe sarva sAmAnya itihAsane paNa pUratuM mahattva apAze te tene etihAsika draSTie lakhAyelA pustaka tarIkanuM mahatva maLaze. tA. 24-6-37 prajAbaMdhu (25) sikkAne lagatI sacitra mAhitI ane te parathI lekhake tAravelAM anumAna e A bhAganI vizeSatA che. temaja jainadharmane bAddhadhamane anugAmI balake tenA eka phAMTArUpa lekhavAmAM Ave che te yathArtha nathI paNa ethI ulaTuM ja che; grIka ItihAsamAM varNavAyala ne pracalita ItihAsamAM caMdragupta tarIke manAyale "sekeTasa" e caMdragupta nahi paNa tene pitra azokavana che, cANakya athavA kaTilyanA nAmathI oLakhAtI addabhUta vyakti 54

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[10] viSenI pracalita mAnyatA bhUla bharelI che ane e mahApurUSa brAhmaNadhama nahi paNuM jainadharmI hata; azoka ane priyadazina ekaja vyakti nahi paNa bhinna bhinna vyaktio hatI ane baddhadharma azokane nAme caDhelI zilAlekhane staMbhalekhanI kItine mAlIka jainadharmI samrATa priyadarzina che. AvIne AvI aneka pracalita aitihAsika mAnyatAone jaDamULamAMthI uthalAvI nAMkhanArI kaMI kaMI navIna bAbato ane kutuhala upajAvanArAM anumAne lekhake A graMthamAM dAkhalA dalIla ane pramANe sahita raju karyA che. te hiMdanA prAcIna ItihAsa para avana prakAza pADavAmAM ane e viSayanA saMzodhanakArone aNaukelAyelA vividha etihAsika keyaDA ukelavAmAM thoDeghaNe aMze paNa sahAyabhUta thaze emAM te jarAya zake nahi. julAI 1976 pustakAlaya (mAsika) (26) graMthanI zarUAtathI I. sa. pUrvanA 900thI zaMkhalAbaddha-kaDIbaddha ItihAsanI 2canA e A graMthanI viziSTatA che. lekhaka pitAnI mAnyatA ane nirNA mATe sapramANu hakIkate, zilAlekho, kathana vigere TAMkI batAvelAM che. prAcIna zodhakhoLanI daSTie A graMtha mahatvano che--A graMthamAMnA ghaNuM muddAo haju carcAspada che ane jAheramAM carcAI rahyA che. chatAMye prAcIna zedhakhoLa mATe lekhakane anubhava ane prayAsa prazaMsAne pAtra che. muMbaI tA. 1-6-36 jana prakAza (27) Do. tribhuvanadAse je ke dikane abhyAsa karI muMbaI yunivarsiTinI ela. ema. enDa esa. nI padavI meLavelI che, paraMtu temanA mananuM valaNa jaina prAcIna sAhitya, ItihAsa ane saMskRtinA abhyAsa ane saMzodhana prati vizeSa coTayuM rahe che ane te viSayamAM teo UMDA utarelA che. eTaluM nahi paNa vidvargamAM prAcIna hiMdustAnanA itihAsa viSe je keTalAMka anumAna sthApita thaI cUkyAM che; te bhUlabharelAM che e emaNe prastuta pustakamAM, jaina ItihAsa ane sAhityanA AdhAre batAvavAne prayAsa karela che. Do. tribhuvanadAsanAM anumAna sAcAM paDe te ApaNe juno ItihAsa ghaNe sthaLe sudhAra 5De. tethI ja prAcIna hindanA itihAsanA abhyAsIone ame sadarahu pustaka dhyAnapUrvaka tapAsI javA vinaMti karIe chIe. evI AzAthI ke teo rDo. tribhuvanadAsanA pramANe bArIkAIthI tapAse ane temAM rahelI khAmIo, deze vigere ASArapUrvaka batAve. buddhiprakAza

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De. tribhuvanadAsanA graMthamAM I. sa. pUrva 900 thI I. sa. pachI 100-sudhInA eka hajAra varSane jenA daSTie vicArAyele prAcIna bhAratavarSane ItihAsa AlekhAyele che. jenone mATe ghaNuM abhimAna levA je A graMtha che. A lekhakanA mata pramANe je zilAlekho bAddhadharmI mahArAjA azokanA cokkasa rIte manAyA che, ane temAM apAyela upadeza baddhadharmane che ema je atyAra sudhI manAtuM AvyuM che, te khaDakalekho vagere azoka mahArAjAnA nathI, paNa enA pachI gAdIe besanAra tenA piAtra jaina mahArAjA priyadazina uphe saMpratinA che, ema temaNe siddha karavAno prayatna karyo che. caMdragupta, azAMka, kuNAla, priyadarzI ane tenI rANIo nakakI karavA mATe temaNe prAcIna sikkAone paNa abhyAsa karyo che, ane tenAM be meTAM prakaraNo, sikkAonAM citro sAthe ApyAM che. A sikkAone abhyAsapUrNa lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM pahelavahelo che. kharekhara eka gujarAtI vidvAnane hAthe lakhAyele sAdhAra aitihAsika zodhakhoLa A eka addabhUta graMtha che ane rIsarca karanArA vidvAnone muMjhavaNamAM nAkhanAre che. De. zAhe eka varasamAM be moTA graMtha bahAra pADyA che, ane teTalI ja jhaDapathI bAkInA bahAra pADaze evI AzA che. A graMtha gujarAtanI dareka lAyabrerIe rAkhavo je che. AnA sArarUpa je eka aMgrejI graMtha taiyAra karAvAya che tenI carcA AkhA bharatakhaMDamAM thavA pAme. A Akho graMtha vAMcatAM ane AMkha coLatAM ApaNane camakAra, jAdu, iMdrajALa mAyAne vistAra jevuM ja lAge che, ane prazna thAya che ke zuM atyAra sudhImAM badhA ja dezI videzI vidvAne khoTe mArgaja caDhI gayA ane prAcIna ItihAsa khoTeja cItarI gayA? ame te amArA mata pramANe kiMcita dirzana karAvyuM che. vizeSa te baddha matanA anuyAyIo ane Itara vidvAne ja karI zake.. muMbai tA. 27-9-36 ane 4-10-36 "gujarAtI" (sAptAhika (2) vidvatA pUrNa graMtha che. ane temAM darzAvelI hakIkata mATe sikkAnA, zilAlekhanA tathA jANItA graMthakArazana maMtavyanA AdhAre TAMkI batAvyA che. alabatta A graMtha bahAra paDavAthI puSkaLa vAdavivAda ubhuM thAya che, chatAMye A pustakane eka smAraka graMtha kahI zakAze. A pustakamAM mAryavaMzanI paDatInuM, zuMgavaMzanuM tathA te pachI AvatA vaMzanI hakIkatanuM varNana karAyeluM che. bekaTrIansathI mAMDIne TheTha I-sithiansa sudhInA hiMda upara caDAI lAvanArA paradezI AkramaNakAronuM vRttAMta paNa temAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. muMbaI, 19-6-37 bee phonIkala '

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[12] prAcIna bhAratavarSa : bhAga trIje. lekhaka-oN. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha. prakAzaka. zazikAnta enDa kuM. rAvapurA TAvara sAme vaDedarA, pAkuM pUMThuM. pRSTha. 30-406++43 mulya 2 6-8-0 prAcIna bhAratavarSa vistRta itihAsa. pAMca vibhAgamAM pragaTa karavAnI rDo. tribhuvanadAsanI cejanA anusAra A trIje graMtha che. pahelA be graMthanAM avalokana ame ApI gayA chIe, eTale graMthanI lekhana paddhati viSe vizeSa kahevAnuM rahetuM nathI. - A trIjA graMthane AraMbha maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatInA varNanathI thAya che. tyArabAda lekhake mauryavaMzanI pachI sattA para AvanAra zuMgavaMzanI kArakirdI varNavI che. A pachI paradezI humalAonI vigate zarU thAya che. bekaTrIane, kSatrapo, pArTI ane ane sAthIyananI savArIonuM ane temanAM rAjanuM varNana pustakanA uttarArdhamAM Ave che. chevaTe zaka, Abhira, trikuTakanAM saMbaMdha viSe tathA ozavALa, piravADa, zrImALI ane gujarAnI utpatti vize keTalIka agatyanI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. graMthanA aMte ApelAM vaMzavRkSo, sAlavArI ane viSayasUcI abhyAsIne upayogI thaI paDe tema che. nakazAo ane bIjA aitihAsika citro paNa saMkhyAbaMdha apAyAM che. A graMtha sAme AcArya vijayendrasUrIe karelI TIkAone saMkSepamAM javAba AraMbhamAM lekhake Ape che. A pejanA anusAra bIjA graMthe paNa TuMka mudatamAM bahAra paDanAra che. gujarAtInA aitihAsika sAhitya maMDaLamAM te agatyane umero karaze. tA. 3-4-38 prajAbaMdhu (4) prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga trIjo-lekhakaH rA. De. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha, prakAzaka, mezarsa zazikAnta enDa kuM. rAvapurA TAvara sAme, vaDodarA. chuTaka kIMmata. rUA. dA. paNa pAMce bhAgane A seTa kharIdanArane rUA. 21) mAM. hiMdane itihAsa jeTale jenee ane buddhoe sAcavyuM che teTalo vaidike e sAca nathI. lekhaka Do. tribhuvanadAse prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM avalokana eka kaI navIna draSTie ja karavA mAMDayuM che, eTale temAM sthApita vAtothI virodha te AvavAne ja. temanuM dRSTibindu keTaluM sAcuM che te vidvAna ItihAsaviddoeja maLIne nakakI karavAnuM rahyuM. Do. tribhuvanadAsanuM dRSTibiMdu zuM che tene saMpUrNa khyAla te tenA pAMca bhAge bahAra paDe ane te viSe vidvAne mAM carcA thAya tyAre samajAze. DaeN. sAhebanA pragaTa thayelA bhAgo para vidvAna taraphathI keTalIka carcAo thaI che, paNa De. sAhebane temanA vicAro pragaTa karatA aTakAvavA na joIe. je bhAge pragaTa thayA che temAM jaina dharma ane tenA pALanArAone vijaya gavAya

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[13] che. 3. sAhebanI jainadharma, tattva vigerenI bhAvanA vicAre, pracalita bhAvanA vicArothI judA lAge che. tema temane Akho I. sa. pU. 900thI 100 sudhInA 1000 varSane hindane ItihAsa jainamaya ja jaNAya che, temanI jInatattvanI vyAkhyA vizALa che. AthI keTaleka matabheda thAya e svAbhAvika che, paNa hAlanA tabbake lekhakanA vicArane vega aTakAvyA aTake tema nathI ane aTakAvavuM te paNa cagya nathI. A trijA bhAgamAM miryavaMzanI paDatI tenAM kAraNe sAthe samajAvAI che. zuMgavaMzanA itihAsamAM te vaMzanA rAjAo jaina virodhI hatA ane temaNe jene, ddho vigerenI katala calAvI te gasutrakAra ane vyAkaraNa mahAbhASyakAra pataMjalI vi. vaidikadharmIonI deravaNa ne AbhArI che tema jaNAvyuM che ane rAjA agnimitrane duSTa kalkIne avatAra jaNAvyuM che. te pachI kSaharATa, cena, pAthiyana, zithiyana ane pahala ema pAMce prajAnI utpatti, vikAsa, temanA prasiddha rAjAonAM vRttAMta ane asara tathA paDatI vigere varNavyAM che. A ItihAsa smitha sAhebanA itihAsa sAthe meLavI abhyAsakee vAMcavA jevo che. mathurA, takSazIlA vagere zaherene ItihAsa paNa jANavA jevuM che. AmAM ghaNI navI jUnI bAbato tathA matabhede darzAvyA che. ekaMdare temane prayAsa uttejanane pAtra che ane abhyAsakone ghaNI jANavA vicAravA, matabheda darzAvavA jevI sAmagrI ekaThI karAyelI che. 3. zAha TIkAothI na DaratAM temane prayAsa apUrNa na muke ema ApaNe IcchIzuM. tA. 5-6-38 gujarAtI (5) lekhaka- che. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha, ela. ema enDa esa : prakAzake zazikAnta enDa kuM. vaDodarA. pAnAM 38+414+16+8. kiMmata rUA. zA | gujarAtI prakAzananA ItihAsamAM A pustakanuM sAhasa ajoDa gaNAya tevuM che. khAsa karIne vidvatA, bahenI sAmagrI ne hoMza prazaMsanIya che. lekhake bahu pramANamAM zrama lIdhuM che. ane pote mAnI lIdhela matAntaranuM samarthana jArIvajArI jANanArA vakIlanI mAphaka bahuja ulaTathI karyuM che. graMthane uddeza jaina saMpradAyanA ItihAsane uddhAra karavAno che. A kArya karavA mATe lekhakane bahu UMDA pANImAM utaravuM paDayuM che. pariNAme atyAra lagI je je hakIkato bauddha saMpradAyane lagatI manAtI AvI che e jaina zAsanane lagatI che ema nakkI karavA tarapha sArI peThe Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. ethI pustaka ghaNuMja carcAspada thaI paDayuM che. A bhAgamAM AvI bAbate upara bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. miryavaMzanA azoka sivAyanA moTA rAjAo bAddha nahIM paNa jaina hatA. grIka lokene saMkeTasa e caMdragupta nahi paNa azeka (aMDAzeka) che. priyadarzina e azokanuM upanAma nathI

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paNa saMpratinuM che. tethI azokanA AjJA lekhe saMpratinA kare che. ane emAM baddha nahi paNe jenenA maMtavyonuM ja samarthana karavAmAM AvyuM che. cANakya jaina hatA, moheDeronI mudrAomAM jena saMjJAo kotarelI che. siddhazilA (sUryacaMdra)nA nAmathI oLakhAtI jaina saMjJA te kadAca musalamAnonA cAMdatArAnI pUrva prati paNa hoya. sAMcIne stUpa, ddhonuM nahi paNa jenuM pavitra sthAna che. AmAM sAthI vivAdAspada hakIkata azokane priyadarzinanAM bhinnatvanI che. A hakIkata paratve vidyAvallabha itihAsa tatvamahodadhi AcArya zrI vijayendrasUrijI jevAe Do. zAhanA kapita vicAronuM nirasana karyuM che to paNa nirNaya karavAnuM kArya prAcya vizAradA samastanuM che ema mAnavuM ucita che. ame AmAM saMmati ke asaMmati darzAvIe enA karatAM ema kahevuM ThIka paDaze ke daDha thaI gayelA mahattvanA itihAsane juThTho TharAvavA mATe ekaja zasanA mate lakhAyelAM hajAra be hajAra pAnAM pUratAM na gaNAI zake. game tema hoya, paNa 3. zAhanA prayAsathI eka vAta dIvA jevI tarI Ave che ke je badhAM, bauddhonAM avazeSa tarIke manAyAM che emAM jainenAM avazeSo seLabheLa thaI gayAM hoya e sAro saMbha che. amane to ema lAge che ke jana matanI prAcInatAnA hisAbe atyAre je kAMI jananuM mAnamAM Ave che e bahu thoDuM che. brAhmaNe ane baddhonI jema jainone paNa akhila bhAratIya kItikALa hovo joie e vadhAre saMbhavita che. ame ema IcchIe chIe ke DaM. zAhanA manoratha bara Ave. ane ema thAya te bhAratavarSanI kIti jarUra vadhAre prajavalita thAya ema amAruM mAnavuM che. eka nahi to paNa prastuta graMthathI zarU thayelI carcA jhIlI laIne navI prApta thayelI dizAmAM vidvAne potAnI zodhakhoLanuM lakSya deravaze topaNa DaM. zAhane prayAsa dhanya banaze ne bhAratavarSanA ItihAsanA tUTelA maMkaDAne eka navI kaDI prApta thaze. chApanI ne bhASAnI ghaNI azuddhi hovA chatAM A prakArane graMtha svabhASAmAM lakhIne De. zAhe gujarAtInI moTI sevA karI batAvI che ne gujarAtanI vidvatAne jagatamAM ucca sthAne sthApI che. e mATe ame eo mahAzayane dhanyavAda ApIe chIe. mArca 1977 umi prAcIna bhArata varSa bhAga trIje -lekhaka De. tribhuvanadAsa leheracaMda zAha. prakAzaka zazi dhanDa enDa ku. rAvapurA, TAvara roDa vaDedarA, 1937: kada 8 pejI pAna 30-1450+10 citre sahita mUlya 6-8-0.

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[[5] dAktarI jJAna meLavI purANa vastuzAstrane abhyAsa karI janatA samakSa prAcIna bhAratavarSa viSenuM potAnuM maMtavya ATalA zramapUrvaka dharavA mATe De. tribhuvanadAsane abhinaMdana ghaTe. A viSaya eTale gahana che ane satata thatI navIna zodhane lIdhe ApaNA AryAvartanA prAcIna itihAsa saMbaMdhI jJAnamAM evA pheraphAra thayA kare che, ke e bAbatamAM kaI paNa mata pUre hoI zake ja nahi, "muMke, muMDe mUti bhinnA, e sUtrAnusAra darekane dRSTikoNa judo hoya ane darekanuM valaNa temaja udeza paNa bhinna hoya, eTale AvA viSayamAM matabheda te thavAnA ja, paraMtu ema thatAM ja Akhare satya vastu tarI Ave che. loko eTalI jhINavaTathI AvAM pustaka vAMcatA thAya eja A prayatnanI saphaLatA mATe basa che. prastuta pustakamAM cothA khaMDanA be parIccheda tathA pAMcamAnA cAra ane chaThThAnA agIyAra maLI kula 17 paricchedono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. prathama cAra bhAgamAM Akho viSaya saMkelI levAne IrAde hatuM ane tethI dareka pustakamAM pUrepUrA be kheDe ApavAno vicAra hato paraMtu graMthanI vipulatA jaNAtAM eka sarakhA pAnAMnA pAMca bhAgamAM A graMtha saMpUrNa karI levAnuM ucita dhAryuM che. mUlyamAM te pramANe vadhAro juja paNa raheze ja. cothA khaMDanA be paricchedamAM moryavaMzanI paDatInAM kAraNe tathA judA judA samrATonA samayamAM maurya rASTra vistAra batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. pAMcamA khaMDamAM zuMgavaMza samaye bhAratanI sthiti tathA chaThThA khaMDamAM paradezI humalAothI mAMDI zAhIvaMzanI samApti sudhI temaja ozavALa, zrImALa, piravADa, tathA gurjaranI utpatti 'paNa chevaTanA paricchedamAM ApI che. dareka samayanAM varNananAM samarthaka sAdhana jevAM ke sikkA, nakazA vi. samajutI sAthe ApelAM che. kartAe khUba abhyAsapurvaka A graMtha taiyAra karela hevAthI abhyAsakene jANavAnuM vizeSa maLaze ane judAM judAM daSTibiMduothI judI judI bAbata para prakAza paDI zakaze. AvA abhyAsa pUrNa pustaka mATe jemanAthI banI zake teTalI madada ApI uttejana ApavuM joIe. gujarAtI bhASAnA etihAsika zodhakhoLa vibhAgamAM A pustakathI ghaNo sAro umero thAya che. ane te sAthe bhASAnuM sAhitya gaurava paNa vadhe che. vaDodarA rAjyanA kaccha pustakAlaye pustakanA badhA bhAga kharIde ane e dvArA rAjyanI zikSita prajAne prAcIna bhAratanuM jJAna pUrUM .. pADavAmAM yathAzakti madada kare e IcchavA yaMgya che. ' zabdakoSa, samayavArI, tathA vistRta anukramaNIkA dvArA tathA citro, lekhe, nakazA, sikkA, vagerenI samajutIthI pustakanI yogyatA temaja tenuM rahasya samajavAmAM ghaNI sahAya maLe che. AzA che ke gujarAtI sAhityanA rasiyAo uttejana Apaze ja. tA 18-6-38 pustakAlaya

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