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अध्याय- २
āvalī1 and one samaya. Similarly, as described in connection with the cycle of quasi-karmic matter, the same particles of matter taken in by the soul at the beginning attain the same state of karmas in the same soul. All these put together make one cycle of karmic matter (karmaparivartana). It is said in the Scripture, "The soul, indeed, has taken in (enjoyed) successively all the molecules of matter in the entire universe and has cast these off. And the soul has been revolving infinite times in the cycle of matter (pudgalaparivartanarūpa)." The cycle of place (kṣetraparivartana) is described next. The subtle, one-sensed, undeveloped being (nigoda jiva), with the utmost minimum extent of body, is born with the central eight points of the universe as the middle of its body. It lives for a very short time and dies. Then the same being with the same extent of body is reborn in the same spot a second time, a third time and a fourth time. In this manner it is reborn in the same spot as many times as there are space-points (pradeśa) in one 'ghanańgula' (a measure of volume) divided by innumerable. Again, by increase of one space-point at a time, the entire universe is made the birth-place of the same soul. The period taken for completing this is one cycle of place (kṣetraparivartana). It has been said, "There is no space-point in the entire universe, which has not been the seat of birth of the soul. In this way the soul has taken birth many times in the space of the universe."
Now the cycle of time (kālaparivartana) is described. A particular being (jiva) is born in the first instant of the ascending cycle of time (utsarpiņi), and dies after completing his lifetime. Again, the same being is reborn in the second instant of the next ascending cycle and dies at the end of his lifetime. Again, the same being is reborn in the third instant of the third ascending cycle. In this manner the ascending cycle of time (utsarpiņi) is completed. Similarly for the descending cycle of time (avasarpiņī). Thus birth must be taken by any one soul in an uninterrupted manner. Similarly, death must be
1 - 1 āvalī = innumerable samaya; the smallest and indivisible period of empirical time is called samaya.
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