________________
Tattvārthasūtra
in form of facilitating motion and rest, respectively. Just as the water facilitates movement of the fish, similarly the medium of motion (dharma) facilitates movement of the souls (jīva) and the forms of matter (pudgala) tending to move. Just as the earth gives support to objects like the horse, similarly the medium of rest (adharma) is the common medium of rest for the souls (īva) and the forms of matter (pudgala) tending to rest. It is contended that the word 'upagraha’in the sūtra is unnecessary as the word 'upakāra’should be sufficient. But it is not unnecessary, for it is intended to avoid misinterpretation according to the order of the words. Misinterpretation can be that as the words 'dharma' and ‘adharma'combine with words ‘motion' and 'rest consecutively, the soul (jīva) and the matter (pudgala) should also get combined in the same manner. The interpretation would then be: “the medium of motion (dharma) assists the motion of the souls, and the medium of rest (adharma) assists the rest of the matter.' The word 'upagraha'is used to avoid such a misinterpretation. Should the assistance rendered by the medium of motion (dharma) and the medium of rest (adharma) not attributed to the space (ākāśa) which is all-pervasive (sarvagata)? No, the space (ākāśa) has another function; it gives room to all substances including the medium of motion (dharma) and the medium of rest (adharma). If we attribute these several functions to space, then there can be no distinction of the universe (loka) and the non-universe (aloka). Again, it is contended that the functions - rendering assistance in motion and in rest - performed by the medium of motion (dharma) and the medium of rest (adharma) are also performed by the earth (prthivi) and the water (jala). What then is the use of the media of motion and of rest? But it is untenable. The earth and the water are special causes and the media of motion and of rest are general causes. Moreover, several causes do produce a single effect. Another question is raised. Since the medium of motion (dharma) and the medium of rest (adharma) are of equal potency, motion and rest will oppose each other and cancel out each other's force. But it is not so
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
196
