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अध्याय-५
exclude that view. The present sūtra is intended to explain the distinctive characteristics of the forms of matter (pudgala).
The particular modes (paryāya) of the matter (pudgala) are mentioned in the next sūtra.
शब्दबन्धसौम्यस्थौल्यसंस्थानभेदतमश्छायातपोद्योत
वन्तश्च ॥२४॥
उक्त लक्षणवाले पुद्गल [शब्द बन्ध सौक्ष्म्य स्थौल्य संस्थान भेद तमश्छायातपोद्योतवन्तः च ] शब्द, बन्ध, सूक्ष्मत्व, स्थूलत्व, संस्थान (आकार), भेद, अन्धकार, छाया, आतप और उद्योतादि वाले होते हैं, अर्थात् ये भी पुद्गल की पर्यायें हैं।
Sound (Sabda), union (bandha), fineness (suksmatva), grossness (sthulatva), shape (samsthāna), division (bheda), darkness (andhakāra), image/shadow (chāyā), warm light (ātapa) and cool light (udyota) also are modes (paryāya) of the matter (pudgala).
Sound is of two kinds. One partakes of the nature of languages and the other is different from it. The first again is of two kinds, sounds which are expressed (indicated) by letters - with the script, and sounds which are not expressed by letters - without the script. Languages having the script are rich in literature. The well developed languages serve as means of intercourse among civilized persons, and other languages among primitive peoples. The latter kind of sounds (i.e. sounds not having the script) is the means of ascertainment of the nature of superior knowledge amongst creatures with two or more senses. Both these kinds of sounds are produced by the efforts of the living beings,
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