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Tattvārthasūtra
[ तत्प्रदोष निह्नव मात्सर्यान्तरायासादनोपघाताः ] ज्ञान और दर्शन के सम्बन्ध में करने में आये हुये प्रदोष, निह्नव, मात्सर्य, अन्तराय, आसादन
और उपघात ये [ ज्ञानदर्शनावरणयोः ] ज्ञानावरण तथा दर्शनावरण कर्मास्रव के कारण हैं। Spite against knowledge – pradoșa, concealment of knowledge – nihnava, non-imparting of knowledge out of envy - mātsarya, causing impediment to acquisition of knowledge – antarāya, disregard of knowledge – āsādana, and disparagement of true knowledge – upaghāta, lead to the influx (āsrava) of knowledge-obscuring (jñānāvaraņa) and faith-obscuring (darśanāvaraṇa) karmas.
When someone is giving an exposition of true knowledge, which is the means to the attainment of liberation, another person is spiteful and malignant in his attitude towards it. This is spite (pradoşa). A person seeking knowledge approaches a learned man. But the learned man for some reason or other conceals his knowledge saying that he is ignorant. This is concealment (nihnava) of knowledge. A man is learned. And knowledge is a worthy gift to be given. But out of envy he does not teach others. This is envy (mātsarya). Impediment (antarāya) is placing obstacles in the way of a person acquiring knowledge. Disregard (āsādana) is renouncing by word or deed knowledge taught by another. Blaming true knowledge or calling it false is disparagement (upaghāta). What is the difference between disregard (āsādana) and disparagement (upaghāta)? Lack of veneration or nonappreciation of true knowledge is disregard (āsādana). But disparagement (upaghāta) is condemning true knowledge as false with the idea of destroying it. Thus there is difference between the two. The word 'tad' - 'that'- in the sūtra refers to knowledge and perception. But it is contended that these are not the subjects under discussion, nor have these been mentioned. How, then, can these be indicated by 'that'?
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