________________
Tattvārthasūtra
The nine subdivisions of expiation - prāyaścitta – are confession – ālocanā, repentance - pratikramaņa, combination of the first two – tadubhaya, discrimination – viveka, giving up attachment to the body – vyutsarga, penance – tapa, suspension - cheda, expulsion - parihāra, and reinitiation - upasthāpanā.
Relating, without the ten faults, one's transgressions to the master is confession -ālocană. Expression of penitence by uttering, "My fault be condoned,” is repentance-pratikramana. As the sin is corrected by the combination of the two, it is twofold expiation, called 'tadubhaya'. The dissociation or separation from food, drink, implements that cause sense-indulgence is discrimination – viveka. "Vyutsarga' is performance of austerities, such as standing in a place, getting rid of attachment to the body, for a limited time. Penance – tapa - is fasting, taking less than one's fill, etc. Discounting the period of penance by a week, a fortnight, a month, etc., is suspension - cheda. Expelling one from the order for a fortnight, a month, etc., is expulsion - parihāra, another kind of expiation. Reinitiation - upasthāpanā - consists in initiation into the order once again.
The subdivisions of reverence – vinaya - are mentioned in the next sutra.
ज्ञानदर्शनचारित्रोपचाराः ॥२३॥ [ ज्ञानदर्शनचारित्रोपचाराः ] ज्ञानविनय, दर्शनविनय, चारित्रविनय और उपचारविनय - ये विनय तप के चार भेद हैं।
The four subdivisions of reverence – vinaya – are reverence to knowledge – jñānavinaya, faith - darśanavinaya, conduct – cāritravinaya, and the custom
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
380
