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Tattvārthasūtra
Vyutsarga' means giving up. It is of two kinds, giving up the external appendages (upadhi) and giving up the internal appendages. House, riches, grain, etc., which do not become one with the soul, are external appendages. The passions like anger, which are the dispositions of the soul, are internal appendages. Similarly, renouncing attachment for the body for a particular period or for one's lifetime is also considered as giving up of internal appendage. What is the purpose of this penance? The object is to cultivate detachment and fearlessness, and to dispel yearning for living.
Meditation-dhyāna - was set apart for elaborate treatment. It is now time to discuss its divisions. But, passing it over, its agent, nature and duration are described.
उत्तमसंहननस्यैकाग्रचिन्तानिरोधो ध्यानमान्तर्मुहूर्तात् ॥२७॥
[ उत्तमसंहननस्य] उत्तम संहनन वाले का [आ अन्तर्मुहूर्तात् ] अन्तर्मुहूर्त तक [ एकाग्रचिन्तानिरोधो ध्यानम् ] एकाग्रतापूर्वक चित्तवृत्ति का जो निरोध है सो ध्यान है।
Concentration of thought on one particular object is meditation - dhyāna. In case of the person with superior (first three kinds of) physical sturdiness and strength - samhanana – it extends up to one muhurta.
The first three kinds of physical sturdiness and strength - vajrarşabhanārāca samhanana, vajranārāca samhanana, and nārāca samhanana - are included here. Meditation (dhyāna) is possible for the individuals possessing these three physical structures. But salvation is possible only for the ascetic with the first kind of physical structure. He who has the best physical structure is the agent.
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