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अध्याय-९
अनशनावमौदर्यवृत्तिपरिसंख्यानरसपरित्यागविविक्तशय्यासन
कायक्लेशा बाह्यं तपः ॥१९॥
[अनशनावमौदर्यवृत्तिपरिसंख्यानरसपरित्यागविविक्तशय्यासनकायक्लेशा] सम्यक् अनशन, सम्यक् अवमौदर्य, सम्यक् वृत्तिपरिसंख्यान, सम्यक् रसपरित्याग, सम्यक् विविक्तशय्यासन और सम्यक् कायक्लेश - ये [बाह्यं तपः] छह प्रकार के बाह्य तप हैं।
The six kinds of external (bāhya) austerities (tapa) are fasting - anaśana, reduced diet – avamaudarya, special restrictions for begging food – vịttiparisamkhyāna, giving up stimulating and delicious food – rasaparityāga, lonely habitation - viviktaśayyāsana, and mortification of the body – kāyakleśa.
The external austerity (tapa) of fasting - anaśana - is intended to promote self-control (samyama) and discipline, destroy attachment (rāga) and karmas, and attain excellent meditation (dhyāna) and scriptural knowledge. It is not done for temporal benefits. Reduced diet - avamaudarya - is intended to develop vigilance in self-control (samyama), suppress evils, contentment, and study with ease. Special restrictions for begging food - vrttiparisamkhyāna - consist in limiting the number of houses, etc., for begging food, and these are intended for overcoming desire. The fourth is giving up stimulating and delicious food – rasaparityāga – such as ghee (clarified butter). It is intended to curb excitement caused by the senses, overcome sleep, and facilitate study. The ascetic has to make his abode in lonely places or houses, which are free from insect afflictions, in order to maintain, without disturbance, celibacy, study, meditation, and so on. This is the fifth austerity of lonely habitation - viviktaśayyāsana. Standing in the sun, dwelling under trees, sleeping in an open place without roof, adopting
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