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Tattvārthasūtra
(paryāyī). Hence, the real-time (niscaya kāla) is also established.
The substance (dravya) has been defined as that which has qualities (guna) and modes (paryāya). (see sūtra 5-38). What are qualities?
द्रव्याश्रया निर्गुणा गुणाः ॥४१॥
[ द्रव्याश्रया] जो निरन्तर द्रव्य के आश्रय से हों और [ निर्गुणा ] स्वयं CH? Juni À Tea [ JUTT: ] a TU
Those which incessantly have substance (dravya) as their substratum and do not have qualities - nirguņā - are qualities (guņa).
The term 'dravyāśraya' means the substance (dravya) as the substratum. Those which do not have qualities are ‘nirguņā'. Those which are marked by both these attributes are qualities (guna). The qualification 'without qualities' - nirgunā - excludes molecules of two atoms, etc. These molecules of two atoms, etc., have the substance (dravya) as their substratum and possess qualities. Therefore, these have been excluded by the qualification 'without qualities' - nirguņā. One may argue that modes (paryāya), like the pitcher, have substance as their substratum and are without qualities. So the term qualities (guņa) would apply to these (modes) also. But it is not so. The term ‘dravyāśraya' implies that qualities must reside incessantly in the substance (dravya). Because of this qualification, the modes (paryāya), which are occasional, are not considered as the qualities (guņa).
The word transformation - pariņāma – has been used several times (e.g., sūtra 5-37). What is the meaning of pariņāma?
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