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Tattvārthasūtra
psychical-speech (bhāvavacana), the physical-speech (dravyavacana) comes into existence. Hence the physical speech (dravyavacana) too is material. Secondly, the physical speech (dravyavacana) is the object of the sense of hearing; this also indicates that it is material. Why the speech (vacana) is not the object of the other senses? Just as the nose smells odour and is incapable of perceiving taste, etc., similarly, the
s other than the ears are incapable of grasping speech sounds. Is the speech (vacana) non-material? No, it is material. For it is perceived through the senses composed of the matter, it is obstructed by material objects like the wall, it is intercepted by adverse wind, and it is overpowered by other material causes. The mind (mana) is of two kinds, physical (dravyamana) and psychical (bhāvamana). The psychical-mind (bhāvamana) has capacity-tocomprehend (labdhi) and cognition (upayoga) as its marks (laksaņa). These are dependent on matter; therefore, the psychical-mind (bhāvamana) is material. Similarly, owing to destruction-cumsubsidence (kşayopaśama) of knowledge-obscuring (jñānāvaraņa) and energy-obstructing (vīryāntarāya) karmas, and on the rise of physique-making karma (nāmakarma) of limbs and minor limbs (angopānga), particles of matter get transformed into the physicalmind (dravyamana) that assists the soul in examining the good and the evil, remembering things, etc. Hence the physical-mind (dravyamana) also is material. It is contended that the mind is a different substance, that it is bereft of colour (form), etc., and that it is of the size of the atom. Hence it is improper to consider it as material. But this contention is untenable. How? Is the mind connected with the senses and the soul or not? If it is not connected, then it cannot be of assistance to the soul, nor can it be of use to the senses. If it is connected, then the ‘atomic' mind connected with one point cannot leave that point and be of use to the other parts (of the soul or the other senses). Nor can it be said to rotate like the potter's wheel on account of an invisible force (adrsta), as there can be no such capacity. If this invisible force (adrsta) is the attribute of non-material and inactive soul, it too must be inactive. Being inactive itself, it cannot be the
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