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अध्याय-३
Those human beings who are possessed of virtues or are resorted to by the virtuous are called the civilized - 'ārya'. They are of two kinds: those with supernatural attainment -ṛddhi, and those without it. The latter have five divisions: based on region, family, occupation, conduct, and faith. Those with supernatural attainment - rddhi - have seven divisions: on the basis of (extraordinary) intellect - buddhi, power to change form - vikriyā, austerity - tapa, might - bala, healing powerauṣadha, occult power to transform simple food into delicious dishes - rasa, and power to make even limited food inexhaustible - akṣīņa. (see "Tiloyapanṇatti-2', verses 981-1102; also, ‘Ādipurāṇa', p. 35-37). The unevolved - 'mleccha' - are of two kinds: those born in mid-islesantardvipaja mleccha and those born in regions of labour karmabhūmija mleccha. The 'antardvipaja mleccha' are born in midisles which are 'kubhogabhūmi' – regions of perverse enjoyment. In the Lavaṇasamudra (Lavaṇoda ocean) in the eight directions there are eight antardvipa and eight others in the midst of these (in the eight directions). Similarly, there are eight antardvipa at the end of the mountains Himavān and Śikharī, and the two mountains Vijayārdha. The mid-isles in the directions are across the ocean, five hundred yojana away from the shore. Those in the intermediate points of the compass are five hundred and fifty yojana away from the shore. Those at the end of the mountains are six hundred yojana in the interior. The antardvipa in the directions are one hundred yojana broad. The width of those in the intermediate points is half of it. Those at the end of the mountains are twenty-five yojana broad. The human beings in the east have one thigh each. Those in the west have tails. Those in the north are mute. Those in the south are possessed of horns. Those in the other four directions have ears like those of the hare, like those of the fish, (broad) like the cloak, and long ears, respectively. Those in the eight intermediate points of the compass have faces like those of the horse, the lion, the dog, the buffalo, the pig, the tiger, the crow and the ape, respectively. Those in the middle of the two corners of Sikhari have faces like the cloud and the lightning; those between the two corners of Himavan like the fish and the cuckoo; those between the
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