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अध्याय- ४
The word 'tad' is intended to indicate the luminary deva (jyotiși deva), in motion. Time cannot be measured either by mere motion (gati) or by mere brilliance (jyoti), for time will then be non-perceptible and unchangeable. That is why the sutra refers to luminary deva (jyotiṣi deva), in motion. Time is of two kinds, conventional time (vyavahāra kāla) and real time (mukhya kala). Conventional time consists of 'samaya', 'avali', etc., which are divisions of time as established by the Stellar deva in motion. Conventional time is determined by particular activity and the means of ascertaining what has not been ascertained. Real time is different and it is explained later on.
The next sūtra is intended to state that the luminary deva (jyotişi deva) outside the human region are fixed.
बहिरवस्थिताः ॥१५॥
मनुष्यलोक (अढ़ाई द्वीप) के बाहर के ज्योतिषी देव स्थिर हैं।
The luminary deva (jyotiṣi deva) outside the human region (manuṣyaloka, nṛloka) are stationary.
'Outside' is mentioned. Outside what? Outside the human region. How is it conveyed? 'Nṛloke' - the human region – is mentioned in the sūtra under reference. Therefore, the interpretation is 'outside the human region'. Now, it has been indicated that the luminary deva (jyotişi deva) have incessant motion in the human region. Does it not imply that they are stationary elsewhere? Does this not make this sūtra unnecessary? It is not so. It has not been established that the luminary deva exist beyond the human region and that they are stationary there. In order to establish both these things, the sūtra is necessary. The sūtra is intended to preclude motion in the opposite direction and also intermittent motion.
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