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Tattvārthasūtra
beings and forms of matter; it is seen that only substances with activity, such as the water, are the cause of the motion and rest of fish and other objects. There is no contradiction. These substances (dravya) simply render help to the living beings and the forms of matter in their motion, rest, etc., just as the eyes. For instance, the eyes help in the sight of colour, but are powerless in case of a person whose mind is utterly distracted; he fails to see colour in spite of having eyes. Similarly, though ‘niskriya' - without activity - themselves, these substances – the medium of motion (dharma), the medium of rest (adharma) and the space (ākāśa) - are instrumental causes of activity. As inactivity is admitted in case of these substances, it follows that the souls (jīvadravya) and the forms of matter (pudgaladravya) are characterized by activity (movement). Is the substance of time (kāladravya) with activity? No, activity cannot refer to the substance of time (kāladravya); it is not the subject under reference. It is for this reason that the substance of time (kāladravya) is not included here.
The term “kāya' in sūtra 5-1 indicates the existence of space-points (pradeśa) for these substances. But the extent of space-points is not determined. The extent of space-points is described next.
असंख्येयाः प्रदेशा धर्माधर्मैकजीवानाम् ॥८॥
[धर्माधर्मैकजीवानाम् ] धर्म द्रव्य, अधर्म द्रव्य और एक जीव द्रव्य के [ 371CT: ] 3711 [UGST] YGST EL
There are innumerable (asamkhyāta) space-points (pradeśa) in the medium of motion (dharma), the medium of rest (adharma) and in each individual soul (jīva).
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