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Tattvārthasūtra
The mountain range of Mānuşottara runs, like a bangle, in the middle of Puskaradvīpa dividing it into two parts. Human beings are found only inside this mountain range and not beyond it. Hence Puskaradvīpa has no division into regions beyond this mountain range. Neither 'vidyādhara' (those gifted with extraordinary powers) nor ascetics with frddhi' (special attainment) go beyond this dividing mountain range. There are, however, three exceptions. 1) The human being, who is to be born after death outside the human region (not, of course, as a human being), effects the exit of the spatial units of his soul beyond the human region, just at the time of transit before his death – māraṇāntika-samudghāta. 2) The being (not, of course, a human being, living beyond the mountain range of Mānusottara wh is to be reborn as a human being after death-on fruition of the age and name-karma of a human being-stays outside the human region until the time of entry into the human region just before death. 3) Kevalisamudghāta; the Omniscient emanates from his body the spatial units of his soul, without wholly discarding the body, for the purpose of levelling down the duration of the other three non-destructive karmas to that of the age-karma. The soul fills up the entire universe and contracts back to the size of the body in eight instants, just prior to attaining liberation. Since human beings are found only inside it, the name Mānusottara is significant. It is now clear that human beings reside only in the two and a half continents commencing from Jambūdvīpa and in the two oceans.
Human beings are of two kinds.
34f MoOTT 113&11
आर्य और म्लेच्छ के भेद से मनुष्य दो प्रकार के हैं। Human beings are of two kinds: the civilized (ārya) and the unevolved (mleccha).
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