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Tattvärthasūtra
सम्मूर्च्छनगर्भोपपादा जन्म ॥३१॥
[ सम्मूर्च्छन गर्भ उपपादाः ] सम्मूर्च्छन, गर्भ और उपपाद तीन प्रकार का [ जन्म ] जन्म होता है।
Birth is by spontaneous generation - sammurcchana, from the uterus - garbha, or in the special bed -
upapāda.
In the three worlds - the upper, the lower and the middle - there is spontaneous generation sammurcchana of the body in all directions, that is, formation of the limbs by the surrounding matter. The union of a sperm and an ovum forming a fertilized ovum in the mother's womb constitutes conception - 'garbha'. Or, it is called 'garbha' because of the mixing of the food taken in by the mother. The bed where the soul goes to be reborn is 'upapada'. 'Upapada' is the particular name of the seat of birth of the celestial and the infernal beings. These are the three ways in which the transmigrating soul may take birth on fruition of the karmas bound to it due to its auspicious and inauspicious dispositions.
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So far, the births, the basis for the attainment of enjoyment of things of the world, have been dealt with. Now, the kinds of seats-of-birth (yoni) must be described.
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सचित्तशीतसंवृताः सेतरा मिश्राश्चैकशस्तद्योनयः ॥ ३२॥
[ सचित्त शीत संवृताः ] सचित्त, शीत, संवृत [ सेतरा ] उससे उलटी तीन अचित्त, उष्ण, विवृत [ च एकशः मिश्राः ] और क्रम से एक
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