________________
अध्याय-३
like dogs and jackals. By their power of changing forms, they make weapons such as sword, hatchet, axe, spear, pike, javelin and crowbar and with these and also using their hands, feet and teeth, indulge in cutting, splitting, paring and biting, causing intense pain and suffering to one another.
Are there any other causes of pain?
संक्लिष्टासुरोदीरितदुःखाश्च प्राक् चतुर्थ्याः ॥५॥
और वे चौथी पृथिवी से पहले-पहले (अर्थात् तीसरी पृथिवी पर्यन्त) अत्यन्त संक्लिष्ट परिणाम के धारक असुरकुमार देवों के द्वारा दुःख पाते हैं अर्थात् असुरकुमार देव तीसरे नरक तक जाकर नारकी जीवों को दु:ख देते हैं तथा उनके पूर्व के वैर का स्मरण करा-करा के परस्पर लड़ाते हैं और दुःखी देख राजी होते हैं।
Pain is also caused by the incitement of malevolent Asurakumāra, prior to the fourth earth.
Among the celestial beings (deva), there are deva with the fasura' name-karma (nāmakarma) that makes them highly agitated, with tendency to torment others. Hence they are called fasura' (demons). Owing to the evil thoughts experienced by them in their previous births, they acquire such demerit and are actuated by malevolence continually. It is not that all ‘asura' cause pain to others. Only some 'asura', such as 'Ambābarisa', cause pain to the infernal (nāraka) beings. 'Prāk caturthyāḥ' - prior to the fourth – indicates the limit; it means that the wicked fasura' cause pain only in the first three infernal earths. "Ca' is intended to include the causes of pain mentioned in the previous sutra(s). The 'asura' cause pain by actions
.......................
117
