Prakrit Agam evam Jain Granth Sambandhit Aalekh

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004423/1

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA-55 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgaha bhAga-3 prAkRta AvAmoM evaM prAkUna ke anya jaina bA~thoM se sambandhita Alekha sa DERA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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samarpaNa pa. pU. mAlava siMhanI zrI vallabhaku~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. sevAmUrti pAnakuMvarajI ma.sA. pa. pU. suprasidva vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.adhyAtma rasikA zrI maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA.

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prAcya vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka -52 sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga - 3 prAkRta-AgamoM evaM prAkRta ke anya jaina graMthoM se sambandhita Alekha sAcya vi anekAMta (jApura * Kina yAMvi sAvi lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga -3 prAkRta-AgamoM evaM prAkRta ke anya jaina graMthoM se sambaMdhita Alekha lekhaka : DaoN. pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.) phona naM. 07364-22218 email - sagarmal.jain@gmail.com prakAzana varSa : 2014-15 kApIrAiTa : lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina mUlya : rupae 200/ sampUrNa seTa (lagabhaga 25 bhAga) : 5000/ mudraka chAjer3a prinTarI prA. li. 108, sTezana roDa, ratalAma (ma. pra.) .

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puNya smRti sva. zrImatI kamalAbAI jaina patni : DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina janma : mArca 1934, phAlguna pUrNimA dehavilaya : di. 8 akTUbara 2014, zarada pUrNimA

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prakAzakIya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina vidyA evaM bhAratIya vidyAoM ke bahuzruta vidvAna haiN| unake vicAra evaM Alekha vigata 50 varSoM se yatratatra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM aura saMskRta, prAkRta evaM hindI ke vibhinna graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM ke rUpa meM prakAzita hote rahe haiN| una sabako ekatrita kara prakAzita karane ke prayAsa bhI alpa hI hue haiN| prathamataH unake lagabhaga 100 Alekha sAgaramala jaina abhinaMdana graMtha meM aura lagabhaga 120 AlekhazramaNa ke vizeSAMkoM ke rUpa meM sAgara jaina vidyA bhAratI' meM athavA jaina dharma evaM saMskRti' ke nAma se sAta bhAgoM meM prakAzita hue haiN| kiMtu DaoN. jaina ke lekhoM kI saMkhyA hI 320 se adhika haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne saMskRta evaM prAkRta tathA jaina dharma aura saMskRti se sambaMdhita aneka graMtha kI vistRta bhUmikAeM bhI likhI haiN| unakA yaha samasta lekhana prakIrNa rUpa se bikharA par3A hai| viSayAnurUpa usakA saMkalana bhI nahIM huA hai, unake aneka graMtha bhI aba punaH prakAzana kI apekSA rakha rahe haiM, kiMtu chahasAta hajAra pRSThoM kI isa vipula sAmagrI ko samAhita kara prakAzita karanA hamAre lie sambhava nahIM thA- sAdhvIvaryA saumyaguNA zrI jI kA sujhAva rahA ki prathama krama meM : unake vIkIrNa AlekhoM ko hI eka sthAna para ekatrita kara prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| unakI yaha preraNA hamAre lie mArgadarzaka banI aura hamane DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke AlekhoM ko saMgrahita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kArya bahuta vizAla hai, kiMtu jitanA sahaja rUpa se prApta ho sakegA- utanA hI prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaaegaa| aneka prAcIna patra-patrikAeM pahale hAtha se hI kampoja hokara priMTa hotI thI, sAtha hI ve vibhinna AkAroM aura vividha prakAra ke akSaroM se mudrita hotI thI, unasaba ko eka sAija meM aura eka hI phaoNNTa meM prakAzita karanA bhI kaThina thA- ataH unako punaH prakAzita karane hetu unakA punaH TaMkaNa evaM prupharIDiMga Avazyaka thaa| hamAre punaH TaMkaNa ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA zrI dilIpa nAgara ne evaM prupha saMzodhana ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA- zrI caitanya jI sonI evaM zrI narendra jI gaur3a hama inake evaM mudrAMka AkRti oNphaseTa ujjaina ke sAtha-sAtha ina sabhI ke AbhArI haiN| nareMdra jaina evaM TrasTa maNDala prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura

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viSaya sUcI : bhAga -3 prAkRta-AgamoM evaM prAkRta ke anya - jaina graMthoM se sambaMdhita Alekha 2 cm * 5 AcArAMgasUtra eka vizaleSaNa AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi rAmaputta yA rAmaputta : sUtrakRtAMga ke sambaMdha meM aMtakRddazA kI viSaya vastu : eka punarvicAra praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSaya-vastu kI khoja jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke upadezoM : kA prAcInatama saMkalana : RSibhASita . . mUlAcAra : eka vivecana upAMga sAhitya kI sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sAmagrI (eka saMkalana) 112 rAjapraznIyasUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vRzNidazA : eka paricaya 158 rAjapraznIyasUtra meM cArvAka mata kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA prAcIna jainAgamoM-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura RSibhASita meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA jaina Agama sAhitya meM zrAvastI 179 aMgavijA meM jaina maMtroM kA prAcInatama svarUpa AcArya haribhadrakRta sAvamadhammaM vihipayaraNaM : eka paricaya 190 aMgavijA aura namaskAra maMtra kI vikAsa yAtrA 197 144 161 166 13. 183

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AcArAMgasUtra : eka vizleSaNa .. AcArAMgasUtra jaina-Agama sAhitya kA eka prAcInatama graMtha hai, yaha arddhamAgadhI meM likhA gayA hai, kiMtu isake prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI bhASA eka dUsare se pUrNatayA bhinna hai| jahAM prathama zrutaskaMdha meM arddhamAgadhI kA prAcInatama rUpa parilakSita hotA hai, vahAM dvitIya zrutaskaMdha prathama zrutaskaMdha kI apekSA bhASA kI dRSTi se paravartI aura vikasita lagatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga mUlataH arddhamAgadhI prAkRta kA graMtha hai, kiMtu usa para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA hai, phira bhI prathama zrutaskaMdha meM yaha prabhAva nagaNya hI hai| merI dRSTi meM isa prabhAva kA kAraNa mUlataH eka lambI avadhi taka isakA maukhika banA rahanA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jo aMza spaSTa rUpa se aura sampUrNa rUpa se mahArASTrI ke haiM, ve bAda meM jor3e gae hoN| yadyapi isa sambaMdha meM nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai, phi ra bhI bhASA sambaMdhI isa prabhAva kA kAraNa uparyukta donoM vikalpoM meM se hI hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha mUlataH aupaniSadika sUtrAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai, jabaki dUsarA mukhya rUpa se vivaraNAtmaka aura padyarUpa meM hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha kI jo bhASA hai, vaha gadya aura padya- donoM se bhinna hai| yadyapi prathama zrutaskaMdha meM bhI padya kucha A gae haiM, phira bhI usakI sUtrAtmaka zailI dUsare zrutaskaMdha kI zailI se bhinna hai| hameM to aisA lagatA hai ki prAkRta graMthoM kI racanA meM sarvaprathama AcArAMga kI prathama zrutaskaMdha kI sUtrAtmaka zailI kA vikAsa huA, phira sahaja padya likhe jAne lage, phira usake bAda vikasita stara ke gadya likhe ge| bhASA aura zailI ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskaMdhoM meM lagabhaga tIna zatAbdiyoM kA aMtara to avazya rahA hogaa| AcArAMga meM AcAra ke siddhAMtoM aura niyamoM ke lie jisa manovaijJAnika AdhArabhUmi aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko apanAyA gayA hai, vaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie adbhuta AkarSaNa kA viSaya hai| o AcArAMgasUtra kA pratipAdya viSaya zramaNa-AcAra kA saiddhAMtika evaM vyAvahArika pakSa hai| cUMki mAnavIya AcAra mana aura buddhi se nikaTa rUpa se jur3A huA hai, ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki AcAra ke sambaMdha meM koI bhI prAmANika

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ciMtana manovaijJAnika satyoM ko nakArakara Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| hameM kyA honA cAhie- yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kyA haiM aura kyA ho sakate haiM ? hamArI kSamatAeM evaM sambhAvanAeM kyA haiM ? AcaraNa ke kisI sAdhya aura siddhAMta kA nirdhAraNa sAdhaka kI manovaijJAnika prakRti ko samajhe binA sambhava nahIM hai| hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki AcArAMga meM AcAra ke siddhAMtoM evaM niyamoM ke pratipAdana meM kisa sImA taka isa dArzanika, manovaijJAnika evaM samAjazAstrIya dRSTi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| astitva sambaMdhI jijJAsA : mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna ___ AcArAMgasUtra ke utthAna meM hI hameM usakI dArzanika dRSTi kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| sUtra kA prArambha hI AtmA ke astitva sambaMdhI mAnavIya jijJAsA se hotA hai| pahalA hI prazna hai - atthi me AyA uvavAie, natthi me AyA uvvaaie| ke aMha AsI ke vAio cuo iha peccA bhvissaami|| 1 / 1 / 1 / 3 isa jIvana ke pUrva merA astitva thA yA nahIM, athavA isa jIvana ke pazcAt merI sattA banI rahegI yA nahIM ? maiM kyA thA aura mRtyu ke uparAMta kisa rUpa meM hougAM? yahI apane astitva kA prazna mAnavIya jijJAsA aura mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna hai, jise sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama uThAyA hai| manuSya ke lie mUlabhUta prazna apane astitva yA sattA kA hI hai| dhArmika evaM naitika cetanA kA vikAsa bhI isI astitva-bodha ke svarUpa-bodha para AdhArita hai| manuSya kI jIvanadRSTi kyA aura kaisI hogI, yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki apane astitva, apanI sattA aura svarUpa ke prati usakA dRSTikoNa kyA hai? pApa aura puNya athavA dharma aura adharma kI sArI mAnyatAeM astitva kI dhAraNA para hI khar3I huI haiM, isIlie sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki jo isa astitva' yA sva-sattA ko jAna letA hai, vahI AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai, karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai| (sohaM se AyAvAI logAvAI kammavAI kiriyAvAI-1/1/1/4-5) vyakti ke lie mUlabhUta aura sArabhUta tattva usakA apanA astitva hI hai, aura sattA yA astitva ke isa mUlabhUta prazna ko uThAkara graMthakAra ne apanI manovaijJAnika dRSTi

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kA paricaya diyA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI jijIviSA aura jijJAsA mAnava kI mUla pravRttiyAM mAnI gaI haiN| satya kI khoja meM saMdeha (dArzanika jijJAsA) kA sthAna yaha kitanA Azcaryajanaka hai ki AcArAMga zraddhA ke sthAna para saMzaya ko satya kI khoja kA eka Avazyaka caraNa mAnatA hai| sambhavatayA, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainadharma ke Arambhika kAla meM zraddhA kA tattva itanA pramukha nahIM thaa| AcArAMga meM 'NikkhittadaMDANaM samAhiyANaM pannANamaMtANaM ihamuttimagaM' (1 / 6 / 1) kahakara samAdhi evaM prajJA ke rUpa meM jisa mukti mArga kA vidhAna huA hai, vaha svayaM isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki usa samaya taka darzana aura samyagdarzana zabda zraddhA kA sUcaka nahIM thaa| yadyapi AcArAMga meM daMsaNa aura sammattadaMsI zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM kahIM bhI isakA prayoga zraddhA ke artha meM nahIM huA hai| adhika se adhika ye zabda 'dRSTikoNa' yA 'siddhAMta' ke artha meM prayukta / hue haiM, jaise-eyaM pAsagassa daMsaNaM (1 // 3 // 4) / vastutaH, manovaijJAnika dRSTi se kisI bhI dhArmika AMdolana meM zraddhA kA tattva usake paravartI yuga meM, jabaki vaha kucha vicAroM evaM mAnyatAoM se Abaddha ho jAtA hai, adhika mahattvapUrNa bana jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM saMzaya kA jo sthAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha dArzanika dRSTi se kAphI upayogI hai| mAnavIya jijJAsAvRtti ko mahattva dete hue to yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki 'saMsaya pariAgao saMsAre parinnaye (1 / 5 / 1)', arthAt saMzaya ke jJAna se hI saMsAra kA jJAna hotA hai| Aja samasta vaijJAnika jJAna ke vikAsa meM saMzaya (jijJAsA) kI paddhati ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| saMzaya kI paddhati ko Aja eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM pragati kA yahI ekamAtra mArga hai, jise sUtrakAra ne pUrI taraha samajhA hai| jJAna ke vikAsa kI yAtrA saMdeha (jijJAsA) se hI prArambha hotI hai, kyoMki saMzaya ke sthAna para zraddhA A gaI, to vicAra kA dvAra hI baMda ho jAegA, vahAM jJAna kI pragati kaise hogI ? saMzaya vicAra ke dvAra ko udghATita karatA hai| vicAra yA ciMtana se viveka jAgrata hotA hai, jJAna ke nae AyAma prakaTa hone lagate haiN| AcArAMga jJAna kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mUla meM saMdeha ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jo

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yAtrA saMdeha se prArambha hotI hai, aMta meM zraddhA taka pahuMca jAtI hai| apanA samAdhAna pAne para saMdeha kI pariNati zraddhA meM ho sakatI hai| isase ThIka viparIta, samAdhAnarahita aMdhazraddhA kI pariNati saMdeha meM hogii| jo saMdeha se calegA, aMta meM satya ko pAkara zraddhA taka pahuMca jAegA, jabaki jo zraddhA se prArambha karegA, vaha yA to Age koI pragati hI nahIM karegA yA phira usakI zraddhA khaMDita hokara saMdeha meM pariNata ho jaaegii| yaha hai AcArAMga kI dArzanika dRSTi kA pricy| AtmA ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa AtmA ke svarUpa yA svabhAva kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai- je AyA se vinAyA, je vinAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANai se aayaa| taM paDucca pddisNkhaaye-(1/5/5)| isa prakAra, vaha jJAna ko AtmasvabhAva yA Atma-svarUpa batAtA hai| jahAM Adhunika manovijJAna cetanA ke jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa- aise tIna lakSaNa batAtA hai, vahAM AcArAMga kevala AtmA ke jJAna lakSaNa para bala detA hai| sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para yahI donoM meM aMtara pratIta hotA hai, kiMtu anubhUti (vedanA) aura saMkalpa- yaha donoM lakSaNa zarIrAzrita baddhAtmA ke haiM, ata: jJAna hI prathama lakSaNa siddha hotA hai| vaise, AcArAMgasUtra meM tathA paravartI jaina graMthoM meM bhI manovijJAnasammata ina tInoM lakSaNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI AcArAMgasUtra kA AtmA ke vijJAtA svarUpa para bala dene kA eka viziSTa manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai, kyoMki AtmA kI anubhUtyAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka avasthA meM pUrNataH samabhAva yA samAdhi kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM hai, jaba taka sukha duHkhAtmaka vedanA kI anubhUti hai yA saMkalpa-vikalpa kA cakra cala rahA hai, AtmA para bhAva meM sthita hotA hai, citta samAdhi nahIM rahatI hai| AtmA kA svarUpa yA svabhAva dharma to samatA hai, jo kevala usake jJAtA-dRSTA rUpa meM svarUpataH upalabdha hotA hai| vedaka aura kartA rUpa meM vaha svarUpataH upalabdha nahIM hai| mana kA jJAna : sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa nirgrantha sAdhaka ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai- jo (8)

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maNaM parijANaI se niggaMthe je maNe apAvae-2/15/45 / jo mana ko jAnatA hai aura use apavitra nahIM hone detA hai, vahI nirgrantha hai| isa prakAra, nirgrantha zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai- mana ko jAnanA aura dUsarA caraNa hai- mana ko apavitra nahIM hone denaa| mana kI zuddhi bhI svayaM manovRttiyoM ke jJAna para nirbhara hai| mana ko jAnane kA matalaba hai- aMdara jhAMkakara apanI manovRttiyoM ko pahacAnanA, mana kI graMthiyoM ko khojanA, yahI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| roga kA jJAna aura usakA nidAna usase chuTakArA pAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI manovizleSaNa vidhi meM bhI manograMthiyoM se mukta hone ke lie unako jAnanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| aMtaradarzana aura manovizleSaNa Adhunika manovijJAna kI mahattvapUrNa vidhiyAM haiM, AcArAMga meM unheM nirgrantha sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, AcArAMga kI sAdhanA apramattatA kI sAdhanA hai aura yaha apramattatA apanI cittavRttiyoM ke prati satata jAgarUkatA hai| cittavRttiyoM kA darzana samyagdarzana hai, sva-svabhAva meM ramaNa hai| Adhunika manovijJAna jisa prakAra mAnasika svAsthya ke lie manograMthiyoM ko tor3ane kI bAta kahatA hai, usI prakAra jaina darzana bhI Atmazuddhi ke lie graMthi-bheda kI bAta kahatA hai| graMthi, graMthi-bheda aura nirgrantha zabdoM ke prayoga svayaM AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN| vastutaH, graMthiyoM se mukti hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai- gaMthehiM vivattehiM AukAlassaM pArae-1/8/8/11 / jo graMthiyoM se rahita hai, vahI nirgrantha hai| nirgrantha hone kA artha hai- rAga-dveSa yA AsaktirUpI gAMTha kA khula jaanaa| jIvana meM aMdara aura bAhara se ekarUpa ho jAnA, mukhauToM kI jiMdagI se dUra ho jAnA, kyoMki graMthi kA nirmANa hotA hai rAgabhAva se, Asakti se, mAyAcAra yA mukhauToM kI jiMdagI se| isa prakAra, AcArAMga eka manovaijJAnika satya ko prastuta karatA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra, baMdhana aura mukti ke tattva bAharI nahIM, AMtarika haiN| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki- 'baMdhappamokkho tujjha ajjhattheva'1/5/2 / baMdhana aura mokSa hamAre adhyavasAyoM kiMvA manovRttiyoM para nirbhara haiN| mAnasika baMdhana hI vAstavika baMdhana hai| ve gAMTheM, jinhoMne hameM bAMdha rakhA hai, ve hamAre mana kI hI gAMTheM haiN| vaha spaSTa udghoSaNA karatA hai ki- 'kAmesu giddhA

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nicayaM kareMti-' 1/3/2, kAmabhAgoM ke prati Asakti se hI baMdhana kI sRSTi hotI hai| vaha gAMTha, jo hameM bAMdhatI hai, Asakti kI gAMTha hai, mamatva kI gAMTha hai, ajJAna kI gAMTha hai| isa Asakti se pratyutpanna hiMsA vyakti kI aura saMsAra kI sArI pIr3AoM kA mUla strota hai| yahI jIvana meM naraka kI sRSTi karatI hai, jIvana ko nArakIya banAtI hai| esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nirae- 1/1/2|aacaaraaNg ke anusAra, viSaya-bhoga ke prati jo AturatA hai, vahI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai (AturA pritaaveNti-1/1/2)| yahAM hameM spaSTa rUpa se vizva kI samasta pIr3AoM kA eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prApta hotA hai| sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki - 'AsaMcachaMda vigiMca dhiire| tumaMca ceva taM sallamAhaTu-1/2/4 / he dhIra puruSa! viSaya bhogoM kI AkAMkSA aura tatsaMbaMdhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA parityAga kro| tuma svayaM isa kAMTe ko apane aMtaHkaraNa meM rakhakara duHkhI ho rahe ho| isa prakAra AcArAMga baMdhana, pIr3A yA duHkha ke prati eka AtmaniSTha evaM manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai-je AsavA, te parissavA, je parissavA, te AsavA (1/4/2), arthAt bAhara meM jo baMdhana ke nimitta haiM, ve bhI kabhI mukti ke nimitta bana jAte haiN| isakA Azaya yahI hai ki baMdhana aura mukti kA sArA khela sAdhaka ke aMtaraMga bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| yadi isI prazna para hama Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to yaha pAte haiM ki Adhunika manovikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AkAMkSAoM kA uccastara hI mana meM kuNThAoM ko utpanna karatA hai aura kuNThAoM ke kAraNa manograMthiyoM kI racanA hotI hai, jo aMtatogatvA vyakti meM manovikRtiyoM ko utpanna karatI hai| manovRttiyoM kI sApekSatA AcArAMgasUtra meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga (prema), dveSa, moha Adi kI paraspara kI sApekSatA ko sUcita karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo inameM se kisI eka ko bhI samyak prakAra jAna letA hai, vaha anya sabhI ko jAna letA hai aura jo eka para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha anya sabhI para vijaya prApta kara letA hai| (je egaMjANaise savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANaise egajANai, je (10)

Page #15
egaM nAmeM se bahuM nAme, je bahuM nAme se egaM nAme- 1/3/4) / Azcarya yahI hai ki abhI takaM ina sUtroM ke tattvamImAMsIya yA jJAnamImAMsIya artha lagAe gae aura inake manovaijJAnika saMdarbha ko ojhala kiyA gayA, jabaki ye sUtra vizuddha rUpa se manovaijJAnika haiM, kyoMki isa uddezaka kA sampUrNa saMdarbha kaSAyoM se sambaMdhita hai, jo manovijJAna kA viSaya hai| ina kaSAyoM ke duzcakra se vahI mukta ho sakatA hai, jo apramatta cetA hai, kyoMki jaise hI vyakti inake prati sajaga banatA hai, inake kAraNoM aura pariNAmoM ko dekhane lagatA hai, vaha manovRttiyoM ke pArasparika sambaMdha spaSTa hote hue pAtA hai| jaba vyakti krodha ko dekhatA hai, to krodha ke kAraNabhUta dveSabhAva aura dveSa ke kAraNabhUta rAgabhAva ko bhI dekha letA hai| jaba vaha ahaM yA mAna kA dRSTA banatA hai, to ahaM kI tuSTi ke lie mAyAvI mukhauToM kA jIvana bhI usake sAmane spaSTa ho jAtA hai| sUtrakAra ne pUrI spaSTatA ke sAtha isa bAta ko prastuta kiyA ki kisa prakAra kisI eka manovRtti (kaSAya) kA dRSTA dUsarI sabhI sApekSa rUpa meM rahI huI manovRttiyoM kA dRSTA bana jAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai - jo krodha ko dekhatA hai, vaha mAna (ahaMkAra) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAna ko dekhatA hai, vaha mAyA (kapaTavRtti) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAyA ko dekhatA hai, vaha lobha ko dekha letA hai| jo lobha ko dekhatA hai, vaha rAga-dveSa ko dekha letA hai| jo rAga-dveSa ko dekhatA hai, vaha moha (avidyA) ko dekha letA hai aura jo moha ko dekhatA hai, vaha garbha (bhAvI janma) ko dekhatA hai aura jo garbha ko dekhatA hai, vaha janma-maraNa kI prakriyA ko dekha letA hai| isa prakAra, eka kaSAya kA samyak vizleSaNa usase saMbaMdhita anya kaSAyoM kA tathA unake pariNAmoM aura kAraNoM kA samyak bodha karA detA hai (1/3/4), kyoMki sabhI manovRttiyAM paraspara sApekSa hokara rahatI haiN| jahAM moha hotA hai, vahAM rAga-dveSa hote haiM, vahAM lobha hotA hI hai| jahAM lobhavRtti hotI hai, vahAM mAyA yA kapaTAcAra A hI jAtA hai| jahAM kapaTAcAra hotA hai, vahAM usake pIche mAna yA ahaMkAra kA prazna jur3A rahatA hai aura jahAM mAna yA ahaMkAra hotA hai, usake sAtha krodha jur3A rahatA hai| rAga ke binA dveSa kA aura dveSa ke binA rAga kA TikAva nahIM hai| isI prakAra, krodha kA TikAva ahaMkAra para aura ahaMkAra kA TikAva mAyAcAra para, mAyAcAra kA TikAva lobha para nirbhara karatA (11)

Page #16
hai| koI bhI kaSAya dUsarI kaSAya se pUrI taraha nirapekSa hokara nahIM raha sakatI hai, ataH kisI eka kaSAya kA samagra bhAva se vijetA sabhI kaSAyoM kA vijetA bana jAtA hai aura eka kA draSTA sabhI kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| kaSAya-vijaya kA upAya : draSTA yA sAkSIbhAva AcArAMga meM muni aura amuni kA aMtara spaSTa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki jo sotA hai, vaha amuni hai, jo jAgatA hai, vaha muni hai| yahAM jAgane kA tAtparya hai- apane prati, apanI manovRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honA yA apramattacetA honA hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki apramattacetA yA sajaga honA kyoM Avazyaka hai| vastutaH, jaba vyakti apane aMtara meM jhAMkakara apanI vRttiyoM kA draSTA banatA hai, to durvicAra aura duSpravRttiyAM svayaM vilIna hotI jAtI haiN| jaba ghara kA mAlika jAgatA hai, to cora praveza nahIM karate haiM, usI prakAra jo sAdhaka sajaga haiM, apramatta haiM, to unameM kaSAyeM panapa nahIM sakatIM, kyoMki kaSAya svayaM pramAda hai, tathA pramAda aura apramAda eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate haiN| ataH, apramAda hone para kaSAya panapa nahIM skte| AcArAMgasUtra meM bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai- 'tU dekha' 'tU dekha (pAsa paas)| yahAM dekhane kA tAtparya hai- apane prati yA apanI vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honA, kyoMki jo draSTA hai, vahI nirupAdhika dazA ko prApta ho sakatA hai| (kimatthi uvAhI pAsagassa, Na vijai ? natthi 1/3/4) / vastutaH, AtmA jaba apane zuddha jJAtA svarUpa meM avasthita hotI hai, saMsAra ke samasta padArtha hI nahIM, varan usakI apanI cittavRttiyAM aura manobhAva bhI use 'para'- (sva se bhinna) pratIta hote haiN| jaba vaha 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna letA hai aura unase apanI pRthaktA kA bodha kara letA hai, taba vaha apane zuddha jJAyaka svarUpa ko jAnakara usameM avasthita ho jAtA hai| yahI vaha avasara hotA hai, jaba mukti kA dvAra udghATita hotA hai, kyoMki jisane 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna liyA hai, usake lie mamatva yA rAga ke lie koI sthAna hI nahIM rahatA hai| rAga ke gira jAne para vItarAgatA kA prakaTana hotA hai aura mukti kA dvAra khula jAtA hai|

Page #17
mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi citta ko apavitra nahIM hone dene ke lie mana kI vRttiyoM ko dekhanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki yaha mana ko duSpravRttiyoM se bacAne kI eka manovaijJAnika paddhati hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra, mana eka hI samaya meM draSTA aura kartA kI do bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, vaha apane krodha kA kartA evaM draSTA eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| mana jaba kartA se draSTA kI bhUmikA meM AtA hai, to manovikAra svayaM vilIna hone lagate haiN| mana to svataH hI vAsanA aura vikAra se mukta ho jAtA hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai- appamatto kAmehiM uvrto-1/2/1| savvatopamattassa bhayaM-appamattassa natthi bhayaM-1/3/4 / jo apramatta hai, vaha kAmanAoM se aura pApakarmoM se Upara hai, pramatta ko hI viSaya-vikAra meM phaMsane kA bhaya hai, apramatta ko nhiiN| apramattatA yA samyagdraSTA kI avasthA meM pApa-karma asambhava ho jAtA hai, isIlie kahA gayA haisammattadaMsI na karei pAvaM-1/3/2, arthAt samyagdraSTA koI pApa nahIM karatA hai| AcArAMga meM mana ko jAnane athavA apramatta cetanA kI jo bAta bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai, vaha mana ko vAsanAmukta karane kA yA mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kA eka aisA upAya hai, jisakI prAmANikatA, Adhunika manovijJAna ke prayogoM se siddha ho cukI hai| jaba sAdhaka apramatta cetanA se yukta hokara draSTAbhAva meM sthita hotA hai taba sArI vAsanAeM aura sAre Avega svataH zithila ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra, yaha kahakara ki AyaMkadaMsI na karei pAvaM-1/3/2', punaH eka manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| jo apanI pIr3A yA vedanA ko dekha letA hai, usake lie pApakarma meM phaMsanA eka manovaijJAnika asambhAvanA bana jAtI hai| jaba vyakti pApakarma yA hiMsAjanita pIr3A kA svayaM AtmaniSTha rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai, hiMsA karanA usake lie asambhava ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakAra pApa se virakta hone ke lie manovaijJAnika satyoM para adhiSThita paddhati prastuta karatA hai| dharma kI manovaijJAnika vyAkhyA AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, samAdhi aura prajJA ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| (13)

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isameM ahiMsA ko pUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahAM sAdhanA kA krama aMdara se bAhara kI ora na hokara bAhara se aMdara kI ora hai, jo adhika manovaijJAnika hai| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA jaba taka pariveza evaM cittavRtti nirAkula nahIM banegI, samAdhi nahIM hogI aura jaba taka samAdhi nahIM AegI, prajJA kA udaya nahIM hogaa| isa saMdarbha meM AcArAMga ke dRSTikoNa meM aura paravartI jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa meM spaSTa aMtara hai| vaha AcAra-zuddhi kI ora bar3hatA hai| . AcArAMga meM, dharma kyA hai- isake do nirdeza hameM upalabdha hote haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha ke caturtha adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prAraMbha meM ahiMsA ko zAzvata, nitya aura zuddha dharma kahA gayA hai, (savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA na haMtavvA---esa dhamme suddhe, niie, sAsae samicca loye kheyaNNehiM paveie1/4/1) aura prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AThaveM adhyAya ke tIsare uddezaka meM samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai, samiyAe dhamme AriyehiMpaveie (1/8/3) / vastutaH, dharma kI ye do vyAkhyAeM do dRSTikoNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| ahiMsA vyAvahArika evaM samAja sApekSa dharma hai, jabaki vaiyaktika evaM AMtarika dRSTi se samabhAva hI dharma hai| saiddhAMtika dRSTi se ahiMsA aura samabhAva meM abheda hai, kiMtu vyAvahArika dRSTi se ve alaga haiN| samabhAva kI bAhya abhivyakti ahiMsA bana jAtI hai aura yahI ahiMsA jaba svakeMdrita (svadayA) hotI hai, to samabhAva bana jAtI hai| samatva yA samatA dharma kyoM? yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki samatA ko dharma kyoM mAnA jAe? jaina paramparA ke paravartI graMthoM meM dharma kI vyAkhyA 'vatthu-sahAvo dhammo' ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai, ataH samatA ko tabhI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai jabaki vaha prANIya svabhAva siddha ho jAe, jarA isa prazna para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kreN| jaina darzana meM mAnava-prakRti evaM prANIya prakRti kA gahana vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki AtmA kyA hai ? AtmA kA sAdhya yA Adarza kyA hai ? taba mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA jo uttara diyA thA, vaha

Page #19
Aja bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se satya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA- AtmA samatvarUpa hai aura samatva hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai (AyAe sAmAie, AyAsAmAissa atttte-bhgvtiisuutr)| vastutaH, jahAM bhI jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahAM samatva ke saMsthApana ke anavarata prayAsa cala rahe haiN| parivezajanya viSamatAoM ko dUra kara samatva ke lie prayAsazIla bane- yaha jIvana yA cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika stara para samatva kA saMsthApana hI jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM - 'jIva gatizIla saMtulana hai', (jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi, pR.259)| speMsara ke anusAra pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke saMtulana ko bhaMga karate rahate haiM aura jIvana apanI kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA punaH isa saMtulana ko banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yaha saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai (pharsTa priMsipalsa-speMsara, pR.66)| vikAsavAdiyoM ne ise hI astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahA hai, kiMtu merI apanI dRSTi meM ise astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahane kI apekSA samatva ke saMsthApana kA prayAsa kahanA hI adhika ucita hai| samatva ke saMsthApana evaM samAyojana kI prakriyA hI jIvana kA mahatvapUrNa lakSaNa hai| - isa prakAra jaina darzana meM samabhAva yA vItarAga-dazA ko hI naitika jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| yaha bAta manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI utaratI hai| saMgharSa nahIM, apitu samatva hI jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yahI hamArA svabhAva hai aura jo sva- svabhAva hai, vahI Adarza hai| svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| spensara, DArvina evaM Arsa prabhRti kucha pAzcAtya vicAraka saMgharSa ko hI jIvana kA svabhAva mAnate haiM, lekina yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vastu kA svabhAva vaha hotA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra nitya aura nirapavAda vastudharma hI svabhAva hai| yadi hama ise kasauTI para kaseM, to saMgharSa evaM tanAva jIvana kA svabhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| dvaMdvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSya svabhAva saMgharSa hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, kiMtu yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| yadi saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, to phira dvaMdvAtmaka bhautikavAda saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa kyoM karanA cAhatA hai, saMgharSa miTAne (15)

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ke lie hotA hai| jo miTAne kI, nirAkaraNa karane kI vastu hai, kyA use svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai| saMgharSa yadi mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya hai, to vaha usake doSoM kA itihAsa hai, isake svabhAva kA itihAsa nhiiN| mAnava svabhAva saMgharSa nahIM, saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa yA samatva kI sAdhanA hai, kyoMki yugoM se mAnavIya prayAsa usI ke lie ho rahe haiN| ___ saMgharSa athavA samatva se vicalana jIvana meM pAe jAte haiM, lekina ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA unako samApta karane kI dizA meM hI prayAsazIla hai| samatA kI upalabdhi hI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jIvana kA sAdhya hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa, vitarka Adi sabhI mAnasika asaMtulana evaM tanAva kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karate haiM, ataH AcArAMga meM inheM azubha mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta vAsanAzUnya, vitarka zUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta, vItarAga avasthA hI jIvana kA Adarza hai, kyoMki vaha samatva kI sthiti hai| rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyAM hamAre cetana samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiM, ataH unase Upara uThakara vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI sacce samatva kI avasthA hai| vastutaH, samatva kI upalabdhi AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna- donoM kI dRSTi se mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya mAnI jA sakatI haiM aura jo jIvana kA sAdhya evaM svabhAva ho, vahI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki jo samatA ko jAnatA hai, vahI muni dharma ko jAnatA hai| , AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa __ AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para hI sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko arhat-pravacana kA sAra aura zuddha evaM zAzvata dharma batAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama hameM vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA jaae| sUtrakAra isakA bar3A manovaijJAnika uttara prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai (savve pANA piAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA- 1/2/3), ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai| astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya

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svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi mekeMjI ne 'bhaya' ko ahiMsA kA AdhAra mAnA hai, kiMtu usakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai, kyoMki bhaya ke siddhAMta ko yadi ahiMsA kA AdhAra banAyA jAegA, to vyakti kevala sabala kI hiMsA se virata hogA, nirbala kI hiMsA se nhiiN| bhaya ko AdhAra mAnane para to jisase bhaya hogA, usI ke prati ahiMsaka buddhi banegI, jabaki AcArAMga to prANiyoM ke prati, yahAM taka ki vanaspati, jala aura pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka hone kI bAta karatA hai, ataH AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko bhaya ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu jijIviSA aura sukhAkAMkSA ke manovaijJAnika satyoM ke AdhAra para adhiSThita kiyA gayA hai| punaH, ahiMsA ko ina manovaijJAnika satyoM ke sAtha-sAtha tulyatA bodha ke bauddhika siddhAMta para khar3A kiyA gyaa| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki je ajjhatthaM jANaise bahiyA jANai --- eyNtullmnnesiN'-1/1/7|jo apanI pIr3A ko jAna pAtA hai, vahI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko bhI samajha sakatA hai| yaha prANIya pIr3A kI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para hone vAlA AtmasaMvedana hI ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| sUtrakAra to ahiMsA ke isa siddhAMta ko adhika gaharAI taka adhiSThita karane ke prayAsa svarUpa yahAM taka kaha detA hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, pIr3A denA cAhatA hai, satAnA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMga, 1/5/5) / Age kahatA hai ki jo loga (loka) kA apalApa karatA hai, vaha svayaM apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai (AcArAMga, 1/1/3) / yahAM ahiMsA ko adhika gahana manovaijJAnika AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM vaha jaina darzana ke AtmA sambaMdhI anekAtmavAda ke sthAna para ekAtmavAda kI bAta karatA sA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki yahAM vaha isa manovaijJAnika satya ko dekha rahA hai ki kevala AtmabhAva meM hiMsA asambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba taka dUsare ke prati parabuddhi hai, parAyepana kA bhAva hai, taba taka hiMsA kI sambhAvanAeM upasthita haiN| vyakti ke lie hiMsA tabhI asambhava ho sakatI hai, jaba usameM prANI jagat ke prati apanatva yA AtmIya dRSTi jAgrata ho| ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie jo manovaijJAnika bhUmikA apekSita thI, use prastuta karane meM sUtrakAra ne AtmA kI vaiyaktikatA kI

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dhAraNA kA bhI atikramaNa kara use abheda kI dhAraNA para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hiMsA ke nirAkaraNa ke prayAsa meM bhI sUtrakAra ne eka ora isa . manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA yA ghRNA se ghRNA kA nirAkaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai - zastroM ke AdhAra para yA bhaya aura hiMsA ke AdhAra para zAMti kI sthApanA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka zastra kA pratikAra dUsare zastra ke dvArA sambhava hai| zAMti kI sthApanA to ahiMsA yA prema dvArA hI sambhava hai, kyoMki azastra se bar3hakara kucha anya nahIM hai (AcArAMga, 1/3/4) / AcArAMga meM mAnavIya vyavahAra ke preraka tattva sAmAnyatayA, rAga aura dveSa- ye do karmabIja mAne gae haiM, kiMtu inameM bhI rAga hI pramukha tathya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki Asakti hI karma kA preraka tathya hai (1/3/2) / AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna- donoM hI isa sambaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki mAnavIya vyavahAra kA mUlabhUta preraka tattva vAsanA yA kAma hai, phira bhI AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna- donoM meM vAsanA ke mUlabhUta prakAra kitane haiM, isa sambaMdha meM koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI hai| pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM jahAM phrAyaDa kAma yA rAga ko hI ekamAtra mUla preraka mAnate haiM, vahIM dUsare vicArakoM ne mUlabhUta prerakoM kI saMkhyA sau taka mAnI hai, phira bhI pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM sAmAnyatayA nimna 14 mUla pravRttiyAM mAnI gaI haiM 1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya), 2. ghRNA, 3. jijJAsA, 4. AkrAmakatA (krodha), 5. Atmagaurava (mAna), 6. AtmahInatA, 7. mAtRtva kI saMpreraNA, 8. samUha bhAvanA, 9. saMgrahavRtti, 10. racanAtmakatA, 11. bhojanAnveSaNa, 12. kAma, 13. zaraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (aamod)| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhaya, jijJAsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga-dveSa, AtmIyatA, hAsya Adi kA yatra-tatra bikharA huA ullekha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta, hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza karate hue kucha karma prerakoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai, yathAjIvana jIne ke lie, prazaMsA aura mAna-sammAna pAne ke lie, janma-maraNa se (18)

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chuTakArA pAne ke lie tathA zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kI nivRtti hetu prANI hiMsA karatA hai (1/1/4) / AcArAMga kA sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovijJAna hameM yaha bhI batAtA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla isalie hotA hai ki usakA jIvanazakti ko banAe rakhane kI dRSTi se daihika mUlya hai aura duHkha isalie pratikUla hotA hai ki vaha jIvana zakti kA hAsa karatA hai| yahI sukha-duHkha kA niyama samasta prANIya vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| AcArAMga bhI prANIya vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke rUpa meM isI sukha-duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karatA hai (AcArAMga 1/2/3) / anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa- yaha iMdriya svabhAva hai| anukUla viSayoM kI ora pravRtti, pratikUla viSayoM se nivRtti- yaha eka naisargika tathya hai, kyoMki sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hotA hai| vastutaH, prANI sukha ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai aura duHkha se bacanA cAhatA hai| vAsanA hI apane vidhAnAtmaka rUpa meM sukha aura niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM duHkha kA rUpa le letI hai, jisase vAsanA kI pUrti ho, vahI sukha aura jisase vAsanA kI pUrti na ho athavA vAsanA pUrti meM bAdhA utpanna hotI ho, vaha duHkh| isa prakAra, vAsanA se hI sukha-duHkha ke bhAva utpanna hokara prANIya vyavahAra kA niyamana karane lagate haiN| . damana kA pratyaya aura AcArAMga sAmAnyatayA, AcArAMga meM iMdriya-saMyama para kAphI bala diyA gayA hai| vaha to zarIra ko sukhA DAlane kI bAta bhI kahatA hai, lekina prazna yaha hai ki kyA pUrNa iMdriya-nirodha sambhava hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se iMdriya vyApAroM kA nirodha eka asvAbhAvika tathya hai| AMkha ke samakSa jaba usakA viSaya prastuta hotA hai, to usake sauMdarya darzana se vaMcita nahIM raha sktii| bhojana karate samaya svAda ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH, yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki iMdriya damana ke sambaMdha meM kyA AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se sahamata hai?AcArAMga isa prazna kA uttara dete hue yahI bAta kahatA hai ki iMdriya vyApAroM ke nirodha kA artha iMdriyoM ko apane viSayoM se vimukha karanA

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nahIM, varan viSaya sevana ke mUla meM jo nihita rAga-dveSa haiM, unheM samApta karanA hai| isa sambaMdha meM usameM jo manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yaha zakya nahIM ki kAnoM meM par3ane vAle acche yA bure zabda sune na jAeM, ataH zabdoM kA nahIM, zabdoM ke prati jagane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM ki AMkhoM ke sAmane Ane vAlA acchA yA burA rUpa na dekhA jAe, ataH rUpa kA nahIM, apitu rUpa ke prati jAgrata hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki nAsikA ke samakSa AI huI sugaMdha sUMghane meM na Ae, ataH gaMdha kI nahIM, kiMtu gaMdha ke prati Ane vAle rAga-dveSa kI vRtti kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki jIbha para AyA huA acchA yA burA rasa cakhane meM na Ae, ataH rasa kA nahIM, kiMtu rasa ke prati jAgrata hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki zarIra se samparka hone vAle acche yA bure sparza kI anubhUti na ho, ataH sparza nahIM, kiMtu sparza ke prati jAgane vAle rAMga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA cAhie (AcArAMga 21/5/101-105) / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gaI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki iMdriyoM ke manojJa athavA amanojJa viSaya Asakta vyakti ke lie rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| ye viSaya rAgI puruSoM ke lie hI duHkha (baMdhana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, vItarAgiyoM ke baMdhana yA duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiN| kAma-bhoga na kisI ko baMdhana meM DAlate haiM aura na kisI ko mukta hI kara sakate haiM, kiMtu jo viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karatA hai, vahI rAga-dveSa se vikRta hotA hai (uttarAdhyayana 32/100-101) / jaina darzana ke anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga aupazamika nahIM, varan kSAyika hai| aupazamika mArga kA artha vAsanAoM kA damana hai| icchAoM ke nirodha kA mArga aupazamika mArga hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika kI dRSTi meM yaha damana kA mArga hai, jabaki kSAyika mArga vAsanAoM ke nirasana kA mArga hai| yaha vAsanAoM se Upara uThAtA hai| yaha damana nahIM, apitu citta vizuddhi hai| damana to mAnasika gaMdagI ko Dhakane mAtra meM hai aura jainadarzana isa prakAra ke damana ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne guNasthAna prakaraNa meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki vAsanAoM (27

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ko dabAkara Ane vAlI sAdhanA vikAsa kI agrima kakSAoM se anivAryatayA padacyuta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana bhI Adhunika manovaijJAnika ke samAna hI damana ko sAdhanA kA saccA mArga nahIM mAnatA haiM, usake anusAra, sAdhanA kA saccA mArga vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, apitu unase U para uTha jAnA hai| vaha iMdriya nigraha nahIM, apitu iMdriya anubhUtiyoM meM bhI mana kI vItarAgatA yA samatva kI avasthA hai| ___ ataH, yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArAMgasUtra apanI vivecanAoM meM manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para khar3A huA hai| uttama AcAra ke jo niyama-upaniyama banAe gae haiM, ve bhI usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka hai, kiMtu yahAM una sabakI gaharAiyoM meM jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| yadyapi isa sampUrNa vivecanA kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki AcArAMga meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha sabhI manovaijJAnika satyoM para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA, samatA aura anAsakti ke jo Adarza usameM prastuta kie gae haiM, ve cAhe manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para adhiSThita hoM, kiMtu unakI jIvana meM pUrNa upalabdhi kI sambhAvanAoM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se hI praznacihna bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ye Adarza ke rUpa meM cAhe kitane hI suhAvane hoM, kiMtu mAnava jIvana meM inakI vyAvahArika sambhAvanA kitanI hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya bana sakatA hai, phira bhI mAnavIya-durbalatA ke AdhAra para unase vimukha honA ucita nahIM hogA, kyoMki inake dvArA hI na kevala manuSya kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hogA, apitu lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA bhI sAkAra bana skegii| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita tattvajJAna jaisA ki hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki AcArAMga mUlataH darzana kA graMtha na hokara AcArazAstra kA graMtha hai, phira bhI aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM darzana ke tattvoM kA pUrNataH abhAva hai| AcArAMga kA prArambha hI eka pAriNAmika nitya AtmA kI avadhAraNA se hotA hai| AcArAMga AtmA aura punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| vaha karma kI avadhAraNA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai tathA yaha mAnatA hai ki karma hI baMdhana ke kAraNa haiN| yadi hama sUkSmatA se dekheM, to usameM karma ko paudgalika mAnakara karma zarIra kA bhI ullekha kiyA (21)

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gayA hai aura sAdhaka ko kahA gayA hai ki vaha karma zarIra kA hI vidhUnana kre| isa prakAra, AcArAMga meM Azrava, saMvara aura prakArAntara se nirjarA kI vyavasthAeM bhI upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| AcArAMga muktAtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kI bhI aupaniSadika zailI meM vyAkhyA karatA hai| ataH, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki saMkSepa meM AtmA, punarjanma, karma, baMdhana, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mukti- ina saba avadhAraNAoM ko cAhe saMkSepa meM hI kyoM na sahI, svIkAra karake calatA hai, phira bhI uparyukta vivecana se itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArAMga, darzana ke sambaMdha meM kevala unhIM tathyoM ko rakhanA cAhatA hai, jo usake AdhAra-zAstra kI pUrva mAnyatA ke lie aparihArya haiN| jainadharma kA jo vikasita tattvajJAna hai, usakA usameM abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai, jIva aura pudgala ko chor3akara AkAza, dharma, adharma aura kAla kI usameM koI svataMtra vyAkhyAeM nahIM haiN| AcArAMga ke AcAra-niyama .. jahAM taka AcArAMga meM pratipAdita AcAra-niyamoM kA prazna hai, mUlataH ve sabhI niyama ahiMsA ko keMdra meM rakhakara banAe gae haiN| AcArAMga ke AcAra niyamoM kA keMdrabiMdu ahiMsA kA paripAlana hI hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA aura anAsakti ko kisa carama sImA taka apanAyA jA sakatA hai, isakA Adarza hameM AcArAMga meM dekhane ko mila sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke do zrutaskaMdhoM meM jahAM prathama zrutaskaMdha AcAra ke sAmAnya siddhAMtoM ko prastuta karatA hai, vahAM dvitIya zrutaskaMdha usake vyavahAra pakSa ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vidvAnoM ne AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskaMdha ko prathama zrutaskaMdha kI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA hI mAnA hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha meM mUlataH ahiMsA, anAsakti tathA kaSAyoM aura vAsanAoM ke vijaya kA sUtrarUpa meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jabaki dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM inase amara uThakara, kaisA jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai, isakA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA zrutaskaMdha, mUlataH munijIvana meM bhojana, vastra, pAtra Adi sAmAnya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kisa prakAra kI jAe, isakA vistAra se vivecana karatA hai| isa zrutaskaMdha kA aMtima bhAga jahAM eka ora mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha (22)

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iMdriyavijaya kI manovaijJAnika prakriyA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga kA AcArapakSaM vyAvahArika dRSTi se kaThora kahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu usameM sAdhanA ke jisa Adarza svarUpa kA citraNa hai, usake mUlya ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi prastuta zodha-nibaMdha kA uddezya AcArAMgasUtra meM varNita manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA Adhunika manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM vizleSaNa evaM mUlyAMkana karanA hai| AcArAMgasUtra jaina Agama sAhitya kA eka prAcInatama graMtha hai, jabaki vijJAna kI eka svataMtra vidhA ke rUpa meM manovijJAna kA vikAsa abhI-abhI hI huA hai| isa prakAra, kAlakrama kI dRSTi se donoM meM lagabhaga do sahastrAbdiyoM kA aMtara hai| yaha bhI eka satya hai ki AcArAMgasUtra manovijJAna kA graMtha na hokara AcArazAstra kA graMtha hai aura isalie usameM manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA vivecana usa rUpa meM to upalabdha nahIM hai, jisa rUpa meM vaha eka manovijJAna kI pustaka meM pAyA jAtA hai, phira bhI usameM AcAra ke siddhAMtoM aura niyamoM ke lie jisa manovaijJAnika AdhArabhUmi aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko apanAyA gayA hai, vaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie gaveSaNIya hai| ____ AcArAMgasUtra mukhyataH zramaNa AcAra ke saiddhAMtika evaM vyAvahArika pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai| cUMki mAnavIya AcAra mana aura buddhi se nikaTa rUpa se jur3A huA hai, ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki AcAra ke sambaMdha meM koI bhI prAmANika ciMtana manovaijJAnika satyoM ko nakAra kara Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| hameM kyA honA cAhie- yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kyA haiM? aura kyA ho sakate haiM? hamArI kSamatAeM evaM sambhAvanAeM kyA haiM? AcaraNa ke kisI sAdhya aura siddhAMta kA nirdhAraNa sAdhaka kI manovaijJAnika prakRti ko samajhe binA sambhava nahIM hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki AcArAMgasUtra meM AcAra (23)

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ke siddhAMta evaM niyamoM ke pratipAdana meM kisa sImA taka manovaijJAnika dRSTi sannihita hai| AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi AcArAMgasUtra ke utthAna meM hI hameM usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| sUtra kA prArambha hI astitva sambaMdhI mAnavIya jijJAsA se hotA hai| pahalA hI prazna hai atthi meM AyA uvavAie, Natthi me AyA uvavAie, ke ahaM AsI, ke vA io cuo peccA bhvissaami| (1/1/1/3) isa jIvana ke pUrva merA astitva thA yA nahIM, athavA isa jIvana ke pazcAt merI sattA banI rahegI yA nahIM? maiM kyA thA aura mRtyu ke uparAMta kisa rUpa meM hoUMgA? yahI apane astitva kA prazna mAnavIya jijJAsA aura mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna hai, jise sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama uThAyA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se manuSya ke lie mUlabhUta prazna apane astitva yA sattA kA hI hai| dhArmika evaM naitika cetanA kA vikAsa bhI isI astitva-bodha yA svarUpa-bodha para AdhArita hai| manuSya kI jIvana-dRSTi kyA aura kaisI hogI? yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki apane astitva, apanI sattA aura apane svabhAva ke prati usakA dRSTikoNa kyA hai? pApa aura puNya athavA dharma aura adharma kI sArI mAnyatAeM astitva kI dhAraNA para hI khar3I huI haiM, isIlie sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki jo isa 'astitva' yA sva-sattA ko jAna letA hai, vahI AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai, karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai| (se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI-1/1/1/3) vyakti ke lie mUlabhUta aura sArabhUta tattva usakA apanA astitva hI hai aura sattA yA astitva ke isa mUlabhUta prazna ko uThAkara graMthakAra ne apanI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika meM bhI jijIviSA aura jijJAsA ko mAnava kI mUla pravRttiyAM mAnA gayA hai| mAnavIya jijJAsAvRtti ko mahattva dete hue to yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki saMsayaM parijANato saMsAre pariNNate- (5/1/149), arthAt saMzaya ke jJAna se hI saMsAra kA jJAna hai| Aja samasta vaijJAnika jJAna ke vikAsa meM saMzaya (jijJAsA) kI paddhati ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| saMzaya kI paddhati ko Aja eka vaijJAnika (24)

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paddhati ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM pragati kA yahI ekamAtra mArga hai, jise sUtrakAra ne pUrI taraha samajhA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa __AtmA ke svarUpa yA svabhAva kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai- je AtA se vinAtA, je vinAtA se aataa| jeNa vijANati se aataa| taM paDucca pddisNkhaaye| - (1/5/5/171) / isa prakAra, vaha jJAna ko Atma-svabhAva yA Atma-svarUpa batAtA hai| jahAM Adhunika manovijJAna cetanA ke jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa- aise tIna lakSaNa batAtA hai, vahIM AcArAMgasUtra AtmA ke jJAna lakSaNa para bala detA hai| sthUla-dRSTi se dekhane para yahI donoM meM aMtara pratIta hotA hai, kiMtu anubhUti (vedanA) aura saMkalpa- yaha donoM lakSaNa zarIrAzrita baddhAtmA ke haiM, ataH zuddha AtmA kA lakSaNa to mAtra jJAna hai, punaH, anubhUti aura saMkalpa jJAnaprasUta haiM, ataH jJAna hI prathama lakSaNa siddha hotA hai| vaise AcArAMgasUtra meM aura paravartI jaina graMthoM meM bhI manovijJAnasammata ina tInoM lakSaNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI AcArAMgasUtra meM AtmA ke vijJAtA svarUpa para bala dene kA eka viziSTa manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai, kyoMki AtmA kI anubhUtyAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka avasthA meM pUrNataH samabhAva yA samAdhi kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM hai, jaba taka sukha duHkhAtmaka vedanA kI anubhUti hai, yA saMkalpa-vikalpacakra cala rahA hai, AtmA parabhAva meM sthita hotI hai, citta meM samAdhi nahIM rahatI hai| AtmA kA svarUpa yA svabhAva-dharma to samatA hai, jo kevala usake jJAtA-draSTA rUpa meM svarUpataH upalabdha hotI hai| vedaka aura kartA rUpa meM vaha svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hai, prayAsa sAdhya hai| mana kA jJAna sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa nirgrantha sAdhaka ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai- je maNaM parijANati se NiggaMthe je ya maNa apAvae- 2/15/778 jo mana ko jAnatA hai aura use apavitra nahIM hone detA hai, vahI nirgrantha hai| isa prakAra, nirgrantha zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai- mana ko jAnanA aura dUsarA caraNa hai- mana ko apavitra nahIM hone denaa| mana kI zuddhi bhI svayaM manovRttiyoM ke jJAna para nirbhara hai| mana ko jAnane kA matalaba hai- aMdara jhAMkakara apanI manovRttiyoM ko

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pahacAnanA, mana kI graMthiyoM ko khojanA, yahI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| bImArI kA jJAna yA bImArI kA nidAna, bImArI se chuTakArA pAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI manovizleSaNa-vidhi meM bhI manograMthiyoM se mukta hone ke lie unakA jAnanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| antardarzana jahAM Adhunika manovijJAna kI eka mahattvapUrNa vidhi mAnI gaI hai, vahIM use nirgrantha sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, AcArAMgasUtra kI sAdhanA apramattatA kI sAdhanA hai aura yaha apramattatA apanI cittavRttiyoM ke prati satata jAgarUkatA hai| cittavRttiyoM kA darzana hI samyak-darzana hai, sva-svabhAva meM ramaNa hai| Adhunika manovijJAna jisa prakAra mAnasika svAsthya ke lie manograMthiyoM ke tor3ane kI bAta kahatA hai, usI prakAra jainadarzana bhI Atmazuddhi ke lie graMthi-bheda kI bAta kahatA hai| granthi, granthi-bheda aura nirgrantha zabda ke prayoga svayaM AcArAMgasUtra kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN| vastutaH, granthiyoM se mukti hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai (gaMthehiM vivattehiM AyukAlassapArae 1/8/8/27) jo granthiyoM se rahita hai, vahI nirgrantha hai| nirgrantha hone kA artha hai- rAga-dveSa yA AsaktirUpI gAMTha kA khula jaanaa| jIvana meM aMdara aura bAhara se ekamaya ho jAnA, mukhauTA kI jiMdagI se dUra ho jAnA, kyoMki graMnthi kA nirmANa hotA hai-rAgabhAva se, Asakti se| isa prakAra, AcArAMgasUtra eka manovaijJAnika satya ko prastuta karatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra baMdhana aura mukti ke tattva bAharI nahIM, AMtarika haiN| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki baMdhappamokkho tujjha'jjhattheva- 1/5/2/155, baMdhana aura mokSa hamAre adhyavasAyI kiMvA manovRttiyoM para nirbhara haiN| mAnasika baMdhana hI vAstavika baMdhana hai| ve gAMTheM, jinhoMne hameM bAMdha rakhA hai, ve hamAre mana kI hI gAMThe haiN| vaha spaSTa udghoSaNA karatA hai ki kAmesu giddhA NicayaMkareti -1/ 3/2/113, kAmabhogoM ke prati Asakti se hI baMdhana kI sRSTi hotI hai| vaha gAMTha, jo hameM bAMdhatI hai- Asakti kI gAMTha hai, mamatva kI gAMTha hai, ajJAna kI gAMTha hai| isa Asakti se pratyutpanna hiMsA vyakti kI aura saMsAra kI sArI pIr3AoM kA mUla srota hai, yahI jIvana meM naraka kI sRSTi karatI hai, jIvana ko nArakIya banAtI hai| (esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nirae1/1/2/15) AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra viSayabhoga ke prati jo AturatA hai, vahI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai| AturA paritAuti 1/1/2/11) / yahAM hameM spaSTa rUpa se vizva kI samasta pIr3AoM kA eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prApta (26)

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hotA hai| sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki AsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigiMca dhiire| tuma ceva taM sllNmaahh| (1/2/4/83) / he dhIra puruSa! viSaya bhogoM kI AkAMkSA aura tatsambaMdhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA parityAga kro| svayaM isa kAMTe ko apane antaHkaraNa meM rakhakara duHkhI ho rahe ho| isa prakAra AcArAMgasUtra baMdhana, pIr3A yA duHkha ke prati eka AtmaniSTha evaM manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki je AsavA, te parissavA, je parissavA, te AsavA (1/4/2/ 134), arthAt bAhara meM jo baMdhana ke nimitta haiM, ve kabhI mukti ke nimitta bana jAte haiM aura jo mukti ke nimitta haiM, ve hI kabhI baMdhana ke nimitta bana jAte haiN| isakA Azaya yahI hai ki baMdhana aura mukti kA sArA khela sAdhaka ke aMtaraMga bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| yadi isI prazna para hama Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to yaha pAte haiM ki AkAMkSAoM kA ucca stara hI mana meM kuNThAoM ko utpanna karatA hai aura una kuNThAoM ke kAraNa manogranthiyoM kI racanA hotI hai, jo antatogatvA vyakti meM manovikRtiyAM utpanna karatI haiN| mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi __punaH, mana ko apavitra nahIM hone dene ke lie bhI mana kI vRttiyoM ko dekhanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki yaha mana ko duSpravRttiyoM se bacAne kI eka manovaijJAnika paddhati hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra, mana eka hI samaya meM draSTA aura kartA kI do bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA hai, isalie kahA gayA appamatto kAmehiM uvarato pAvakammehiM (1/2/1/109), savvato pamattasya bhayaM savvato appamattassa Natthi bhayaM (1/3/1/129), jo apramatta hai, vaha kAmanAoM se aura pApakarmoM se uparata hai, pramatta ko hI viSaya-vikAra meM phaMsane kA bhaya hai, apramatta ko nhiiN| apramattatA yA samyak draSTA kI avasthA meM pApakarma baMdha nahIM hotA hai, isIlie kahA gayA- sammattadaMsI na kareti pAvaM (1/3/2/ 112), samyak -draSTA koI pApa nahIM karatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM mana ko jAnane athavA apramatta cetanA kI jo bAta bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai, vaha mana ko vAsanAmukta karane kA yA mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kA eka aisA upAya hai, jisakI prAmANikatA Adhunika manovijJAna ke prayogoM se siddha ho cukI hai| jaba sAdhaka apramatta cetanA se mukta hokara draSTAbhAva meM sthita hotA hai, taba sArI vAsanAeM aura sAre Avega svataH zithila ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra, anyatra yaha kahakara bhI 'AyaMka.daMsI na (27)

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kareha pAvaM' punaH eka manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai, jo apanI pIr3A yA vedanA ko dekha letA hai, samajha letA hai, usake lie bhI pApakarma meM pha sanA eka manovaijJAnika asambhAvanA bana jAtI hai| jaba vyakti pApakarma yA hiMsAjanita pIr3A kA svayaM AtmaniSTha rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai, hiMsA karanA usake lie asambhava ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakAra pApa se virata hone ke lie manovaijJAnika satyoM para adhiSThita paddhati prastuta karatA hai| . dharma kI manovaijJAnika vyAkhyA AcArAMgasUtra meM dharma kyA hai? isake do nirdeza hameM upalabdha hote haiM? prathama zrutaskaMdha ke caturtha adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM ahiMsA ko zAzvata, nitya aura zuddha dharma kahA gayA hai (savve pANA savvebhUtA savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA- esa dhamme suddhe, nitie, sAsae, samecca loyaM khetaNNehiM pavediti(1/4/1/132) aura prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AThaveM adhyAya ke tIsare uddezaka meM samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai samiyAe dhamme AriehiM pavediti- 1/8/3 // vastutaH, dharma kI ye do vyAkhyAeM do dRSTikoNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| ahiMsA vyAvahArika va samAja sApekSa dharma hai, jabaki vaiyaktika evaM AMtarika dRSTi se samabhAva hI dharma hai| saiddhAMtika dRSTi se ahiMsA aura samabhAva meM abheda hai, kiMtu vyAvahArika dRSTi se ve alaga haiN| samabhAva kI bAhya abhivyakti ahiMsA bana jAtI hai aura yahI ahiMsA jaba svakendrita (svadayA) hotI hai, to samabhAva bana jAtI hai| samatva yA samatA dharma kyoM? yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki samatA ko dharma kyoM mAnA jAe? jaina paramparA meM dharma kI vyAkhyA vatthu sahAvo dhammo ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai, ataH samatA tabhI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki vaha prANIya svabhAva siddha ho| Aie, jarA isa prazna para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kreN| jaina darzana meM mAnava prakRti evaM prANI prakRti kA gahana vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki AtmA kyA hai? aura AtmA kA sAdhya yA Adarza kyA hai? taba mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA jo uttara diyA thA, vaha Aja bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se satya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA, AtmA samatvarUpa hai aura (28)

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samatva hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai| (AyAe samAie AyA samAissa aTebhagavatIsUtra) vastutaH, jahAM-jahAM bhI jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahAM-vahAM samatva saMsthApana ke anavarata prayAsa cala rahe haiN| parivezajanya viSamatAoM ko dUra kara samatva ke lie prayAsazIla bane rahanA- yaha jIvana yA cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika stara para samatva kA saMsthApana hI jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| DaoN.rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM, jIvana gatizIla saMtulana hai (jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi, pR.259)| spensara ke anusAra, pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke saMtulana ko bhaMga karate rahate haiM aura jIvana apanI kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA punaH isa saMtulana ko banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yaha saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai (pharsTa prinsapala-spensara, pR.66)| vikAsavAdiyoM ne ise hI astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahA hai, kiMtu merI apanI dRSTi meM ise astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahane kI apekSA samatva ke saMsthApana kA prayAsa kahanA hI adhika ucita hai| samatva ke saMsthApana evaM samAyojana kI prakriyA hI jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra cetanA na to janma hai aura na mRtyu| cetanA ina donoM se U para hai, janma aura mRtyu to eka zarIra meM usake Agamana aura le jAne kI sUcanAeM bhara haiM, vaha inase aprabhAvita hai| saccA cetana jIvana to apramatta dazA, samabhAva meM avasthiti hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM hI ise svarUpa meM ramaNa kahA gayA hai| - hamArI sAdhanA kA lakSya kyA hai? yaha prazna manovijJAna aura naitika darzana- donoM kI hI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina darzana meM ise mokSa kahakara abhivyApta kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu yadi hama jaina darzana ke mokSa kA vizleSaNa kareM, to mokSa vItarAgatA kI avasthA hai aura vItarAgatA cetanA ke pUrNa samatva kI avasthA hai| isa prakAra, jaina darzana meM samatA yA samatva ko hI naitika jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| yaha bAta manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI utaratI hai| saMgharSa nahIM, apitu samatva hI sAmAjika jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yahI hamArA svabhAva hai aura jo sva-svabhAva hai, vahI Adarza hai| svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| spensara, DArvina evaM mArksa prabhRti kucha pAzcAtya vicAraka saMgharSa ko hI jIvana kA svabhAva mAnate haiM, lekina yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vastu kA svabhAva vaha hotA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| jaina darzana ke anusAra nitya aura nirapavAda vastudharma hI svabhAva hai| yadi

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hama isa kasauTI para kaseM, to saMgharSa evaM tanAva jIvana kA svabhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSya kA svabhAva saMgharSa hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga-saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, kiMtu yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| yadi saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, to phira dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa kyoM karanA cAhatA hai? saMgharSa miTAne ke lie hotA hai, jo miTAne kI, nirAkaraNa karane kI vastu hai, kyA use svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai? saMgharSa yadi mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya hai, to vaha usake doSoM kA itihAsa hai, usake svabhAva kA itihAsa nhiiN| mAnava svabhAva saMgharSa nahIM, saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa yA samatva kI sAdhanA hai, kyoMki yugoM se mAnavIya prayAsa usI ke lie ho rahe haiN| saMgharSa athavA samatva se vicalana jIvana meM pAe jAte haiM, lekina ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA unake samApta karane kI dizA meM hI prayAsazIla hai| samatA kI upalabdhi hI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jIvana kA sAdhya hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa, vitarka Adi sabhI mAnasika asaMtulana evaM tanAva kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karate haiM, ataH AcArAMgasUtra meM inheM azubha mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta, vAsanAzUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta aura vItarAga avasthA hI jIvana kA Adarza hai, kyoMki vaha samatva kI sthiti hai| rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyAM hamAre cetana samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiM, ataH unase Upara uThakara vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI sacce samatva kI avasthA hai| vastutaH, samatva kI upalabdhi ko AcArAMgasUtra aura Adhunika manovijJAna- donoM kI dRSTi se mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya mAnA jA sakatA hai, ataH jo jIvana kA sAdhya evaM svabhAva ho vahI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki jo samatA ko jAnatA hai, vahI muni dharma ko jAnatA hai| . AcArAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa ___ AcArAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para hI sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko Arhat pravacana kA sAra aura zuddha evaM zAzvat dharma batAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama hameM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA jaae| sUtrakAra isakA bar3A manovaijJAnika uttara prastuta karatA hai, vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha (30)

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pratikUla hai (savve pANA piAuyA suhasAtA dukkhapaDikUlA, 1/2/3/ 78) ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai| astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi maikeMjI ne ahiMsA kA AdhAra 'bhaya' ko mAnA hai, kiMtu usakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai, kyoMki bhaya ke siddhAMta ko yadi ahiMsA kA AdhAra banAyA jAegA, to vyakti kevala sabala kI hiMsA se virata hogA, nirbala kI hiMsA se nhiiN| bhaya ko AdhAra mAnane para to jisase bhaya hogA, usI ke prati ahiMsaka buddhi banegI, jabaki AcArAMga to prANiyoM ke prati hI nahIM, apitu vanaspati, jala aura pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka hone kI bAta karatA hai, ataH AcArAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA ko bhaya ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu jijIviSA aura sukhAkAMkSA ke manovaijJAnika satyoM ke AdhAra para adhiSThita kiyA gayA hai| punaH, ahiMsA ke isa manovaijJAnika satyoM ke sAtha tulyatA bodha ko bauddhika siddhAMta para khar3A kiyA gyaa| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki je ajjhatthaM jANati se bahiyA jaannti| evaM tullamaNNesiM (1/1/7/56), jo apanI pIr3A ko jAna pAtA hai, vahI tulyatA-bodha ke AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko bhI samajha sktaa| yaha prANI-pIr3A kA tulyatA-bodha ke AdhAra para hone vAlA AtmasaMvedana hI ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| sUtrakAra to ahiMsA ke isa siddhAMta ko adhika gaharAI taka adhiSThita karane ke prayAsa meM yahAM taka kaha detA hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, pIr3A denA cAhatA hai, satAnA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/5) / Age vaha yahAM taka kaha detA hai ki jo loka kA apalApa karatA hai, vaha svayaM apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai (AcArAMgasUtra 1/1/2) / yahAM ahiMsA ko adhika gahana manovaijJAnika AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM vaha jaina-darzana ke AtmA sambaMdhI anekAtmavAda ke sthAna para ekAtmavAda kI bAta karatA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki yahAM vaha isa manovaijJAnika satya ko dekha rahA hai ki kevala AtmabhAva meM hiMsA asambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba taka dUsare ke prati para-buddhi hai, parAyepana kA bhAva hai, taba taka hiMsA kI sambhAvanAeM upasthita haiN| vyakti ke lie hiMsA tabhI asambhava ho sakatI hai, jaba usameM prANI jagat ke prati apanatva yA AtmIya dRSTi jAgrata ho| ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie jo manovaijJAnika bhUmikA apekSita thI, use prastuta karane meM sUtrakAra ne AtmA kI (31)

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vaiyaktikatA kI dhAraNA kA bhI atikramaNa kara use abheda kI dhAraNA para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hiMsA ke nirAkaraNa ke prayAsa meM bhI sUtrakAra ne eka ora isa manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA yA ghRNA se ghRNA kA nirAkaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki zastroM ke AdhAra para yA bhaya aura hiMsA ke AdhAra para zAMti kI sthApanA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka zastra kA pratikAra dUsare zastra ke dvArA sambhava hai| zAMti kI sthApanA to nirvairatA yA prema dvArA hI sambhava hai, kyoMki azastra se bar3hakara anya kucha nahIM hai| (AcArAMgasUtra 1/3/3) AcArAMgasUtra meM mAnavIya vyavahAra kA preraka tattva sAmAnyatayA, rAga aura dveSa- yaha do karmabIja mAne gae haiM, kiMtu inameM bhI rAga hI pramukha tathya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki Asakti hI karma kA preraka tathya hai (1/3/2) / AcArAMgasUtra aura Adhunika manovijJAna- donoM hI isa sambaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki mAnavIya vyavahAra kA mUlabhUta preraka tattva vAsanA yA kAma hai, phira bhI AcArAMgasUtra aura Adhunika manovijJAna- donoM meM vAsanA ke mUlabhUta prakAra kitane haiM, isa sambaMdha meM koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI hai| pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM jahAM phrAyaDa kAma yA rAga ko hI ekamAtra mUla preraka mAnate haiM, vahIM dUsare vicArakoM ne mUlabhUta prerakoM kI saMkhyA sau taka mAna lI hai, phira bhI pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM sAmAnyatayA caudaha nimna mUla pravRttiyAM mAnI gaI haiM- 1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya), 2. ghRNA, 3. jijJAsA, 4. AkrAmakatA (krodha), 5. Atmagaurava (mAna), 6. AtmahInatA, 7. mAtRtva kI saMpreraNA, 8. samUha bhAvanA, 9. saMgrahavRtti, 10. racanAtmakatA, 11. bhojanAnveSaNa, 12. kAma, 13. zaraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (aamod)| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhaya, dveSa, jijJAsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, AtmIyatA, hAsya Adi kA yatra-tatra bikharA huA ullekha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta, hiMsA ke kAraNoM ko nirdeza karate hue kucha karmaprerakoM kA ullekha hai, yathA- jIvana jIne ke lie, prazaMsA aura mAna-sammAna pAne ke lie, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAne ke lie, zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kI nivRtti hetu prANI hiMsA karatA hai (1/1/4/37) / AcArAMgasUtra kA sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovijJAna hameM yaha batAtA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla isalie

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hotA hai ki usakA jIvana-zakti ko banAe rakhane kI dRSTi se daihika mUlya hai aura duHkha isalie pratikUla hotA hai ki vaha jIvana-zakti kA hrAsa karatA hai| yahI sukha-duHkha kA niyama samasta prANIya vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| AcArAMgasUtra bhI prANIya vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke rUpa meM isI sukha-duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karatA hai| (AcArAMgasUtra 1/2/3/81) / anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa- yaha indriya svabhAva hai| anukUla viSayoM kI ora pravRtti, pratikUla viSayoM se nivRtti- yaha eka naisargika tathya hai, kyoMki sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hotA hai, isalie prANI sukha ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai aura duHkha se bacanA cAhatA hai| vastutaH, vAsanA hI apane vidhAnAtmaka rUpa meM sukha aura niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM duHkha kA rUpa le letI hai| jisase vAsanA kI pUrti ho, vahI sukha aura jisase vAsanA kI pUrti na ho athavA vAsanApUrti meM bAdhA utpanna ho, vaha duHkh| isa prakAra, vAsanA se hI sukha-duHkha ke bhAva utpanna hokara prANIya vyavahAra kA niyamana karane lagate haiN| damana kA pratyaya aura AcArAMgasUtra ___sAmAnyatayA, AcArAMgasUtra meM iMdriya-saMyama para kAphI bala diyA gayA hai, vaha to zarIra ko sukhA dene kI bAta bhI kahatA hai, lekina prazna yaha hai ki kyA pUrNa iMdriya-nirodha sambhava hai? Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se iMdriya vyApAroM kA nirodha eka asvAbhAvika tathya hai| AMkha ke samakSa jaba usakA viSaya prastuta hotA hai, to vaha usake sauMdarya darzana se vaMcita nahIM raha sktii| bhojana karate samaya sva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH, yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki iMdriya-damana ke sambaMdha meM kyA AcArAMgasUtra kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se sahamata hai? AcArAMgasUtra isa prazna kA uttara dete hue yahI kahatA hai ki iMdriya vyApAroM ke nirodha kA artha iMdriyoM ko apane viSayoM se vimukha karanA nahIM, varan viSaya sevana ke mUla meM jo nihita rAga-dveSa haiM, use samApta karanA hai| isa sambaMdha meM usameM jo manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yaha zakya nahIM hai ki kAnoM meM par3ane vAle acche yA bure zabda sune na jAeM, ataH zabdoM kA nahIM, zabdoM ke prati jagane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki AMkhoM ke sAmane Ane vAlA acchA yA burA rUpa na dekhA jAe, ataH rUpa kA nahIM, apitu rUpa ke prati (33)

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jAgrata hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM ki nAsikA ke samakSa AyA huA sugaMdha sUMghane meM na Ae, ataH gaMdha kA nahIM, kiMtu gaMdha ke prati jagane vAlI rAga-dveSa kI vRtti kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki jIbha para AyA huA acchA yA burA rasa cakhane meM na Ae, ataH rasa kA nahIM, kiMtu rasa ke prati jAgane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki zarIra se samparka hone vAle acche yA bure sparza kI anubhUti na ho, ataH sparza kA nahIM, kiMtu sparza ke prati jagane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA cAhie (AcArAMgasUtra 2/3/15/101-105) / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gaI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki iMdriyoM ke manojJa athavA amanojJa viSaya Asakta vyakti ke lie rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| ye viSaya rAgI puruSoM ke lie hI duHkha (baMdhana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, vItarAgiyoM ke baMdhana yA duHkha ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiN| kAma bhoga na kisI ko baMdhana meM DAlate haiM aura na kisI ko mukta hI kara sakate haiM, kiMtu jo viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karatA hai, vahI rAga-dveSa se vikRta hotA hai / (uttarAdhyayanasUtra 32/100-101) / . jaina darzana ke anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga aupazamika nahIM, varan kSAyika hai| aupazamika mArga kA artha vAsanAoM kA damana hai| icchAoM ke nirodha kA mArga aupazamika mArga hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM yaha damana kA mArga hai, jabaki kSAyika mArga vAsanAoM ke nirasana kA mArga hai, vaha vAsanAoM se Upara uThAtA hai| yaha damana nahIM, apitu citta vizuddhi hai| damana to mAnasika gaMdagI ko DhakanA mAtra hai aura jaina darzana isa prakAra ke damana ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne guNasthAna prakaraNa meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA ki vAsanAoM ko dabAkara Age bar3hane vAlA sAdhaka vikAsa kI agrima kakSAoM se anivAryatayA padacyuta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-darzana bhI Adhunika manovijJAna ke samAna hI damana ko sAdhanA kA saccA mArga nahIM mAnatA hai| usake anusAra, sAdhanA kA saccA mArga vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, apitu unake Upara uTha jAnA haiM, vaha iMdriya nigraha nahIM, apitu aindriya anubhUtiyoM meM bhI mana kI vItarAgatA yA samatva kI avasthA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcArAMgasUtra apanI vivecanAoM meM manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para khar3A huA hai| uttara AcAra ke jo upaniyama banAe gae haiM, ve bhI usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiM, kiMtu yahAM una sabakI (34)

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gaharAiyoM meM jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| kisI anya lekha meM unakI carcA kareMge, yadyapi isa sampUrNa vivecanA kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki AcArAMgasUtra meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha sabhI manovaijJAnika satyoM para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA, samatA aura anAsakti ke jo Adarza usameM prastuta kie haiM, ve cAhe manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para adhiSThita hoM, kiMtu jIvana meM unakI pUrNa upalabdhatA kI sambhAvanAoM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se praznacihana lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ye Adarza ke rUpa meM cAhe kitane hI suhAvane hoM, kiMtu mAnava jIvana meM inakI vyAvahArika sambhAvanA kitanI hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| rAmaputta yA rAmagupta : sUtrakRtAMga ke saMdarbha meM ? sUtrakRtAMga ke tRtIya adhyayana meM kucha mahApuruSoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| unameM rAmagutta (rAmaputta) kA bhI nAma AtA hai| ' DaoN. bhAgacaMdra jaina bhAskara' ne 'sama ethikala espeTsa oNpha mahAyAna buddhijma eja DipikTeDa ina sUtrakRtAMga' nAmaka apane nibaMdha meM sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmagupta kI pahacAna samudragupta ke jyeSTha putra ke rUpa meM kI hai| samudragupta ke jyeSTha putra rAmagupta ne caMdraprabha, puSpadanta evaM padmaprabha kI pratimAeM pratiSThita karavAI thIM , isa tathya kI puSTi vidizA ke purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha ina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM se hotI hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki rAmagupta eka jaina nareza thA, jisakI hatyA usake hI anuja caMdragupta vikramAditya ne kara dI thI, kiMtu sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmagupta kI pahacAna gupta samrATa samudragupta ke putra rAmagupta se karane para hamAre sAmane aneka prazna upasthita hote haiN| sabase pramukha prazna to yaha hai ki isa AdhAra para sUtrakRtAMga kI racanA-tithi IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha evaM pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha taka calI jAtI hai, jabaki bhASA, zailI evaM viSayavastusabhI AdhAroM para sUtrakRtAMga IsA pUrva kI racanA siddha hotA hai| - sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmagupta kI pahacAna samudragupta ke putra se karane

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para yA to hameM sUtrakRtAMga ko paravartI racanA mAnanA hogA athavA phira yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmagupta samudragupta kA putra rAmagupta na hokara koI anya rAmagupta hai| hamArI dRSTi meM yaha dUsarA vikalpa hI adhika yuktisaMgata hai| isa bAta ke bhI yatheSTa pramANa haiM ki ukta rAmagupta kI pahacAna isibhAsiyAI ke rAmaputta athavA pAli sAhitya ke udakarAmaputta se kI jA sakatI hai, jinakA ullekha hama Age kreNge| . sarvaprathama hameM sUtrakRtAMga meM jisa prasaMga meM rAmagupta kA nAma AyA hai, usa saMdarbha para bhI thor3A vicAra kara lenA hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM nami, bAhuka, tArAyaNa (nArAyaNa), asitadevala, dvaipAyana, pArAzara Adi RSiyoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM hI rAmagupta kA nAma AyA hai| 5 ina gAthAoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nami ne AhAra kA parityAga karake, rAmagupta ne AhAra karake, bAhuka aura nArAyaNa RSi ne sacitta jala kA upabhoga karate hue tathA devala, dvaipAyana evaM pArAzara ne vanaspati / evaM bIjoM kA upabhoga karate hue muktilAbha prApta kiyA, sAtha hI yahAM ina sabako pUrvamahApuruSa evaM lokasammata bhI batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, yaha samagra ullekha una logoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo ina mahApuruSoM kA udAharaNa dekara apane zithilAcAra kI puSTi karanA cAhate haiN| isa saMdarbha meM 'iha sammatA' zabda vizeSa dRSTavya hai| yadi hama iha sammatA' kA artha- jina pravacana yA arhat pravacana meM sammata - aisA karate haiM, to hameM yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki arhata pravacana meM inakA kahAM ullekha hai aura kisa nAma se ullekha hai ? isibhAsiyAI meM inameM se adhikAMza kA ullekha hai, kiMtu hama dekhate haiM ki vahAM rAmagupta na hokara rAmaputta zabda hai|" isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmagutta samudragupta kA putra na hokara rAmaputta nAmaka koI arhat RSi thaa| yahAM yaha bhI prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha rAmaputta kauna thA ? pAli sAhitya meM hameM rAmaputta kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, usakA pUrA nAma 'udAkarAmaputta' hai| mahAvastu evaM divyAvadAna meM use udraka kahA gayA hai| aMguttaranikAya ke vassakArasUtra meM rAjA illeya ke aMgarakSaka yamakaevaM moggala ko rAmaputta kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai| (36)

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'majjhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya aura dIghanikAya meM bhI udakarAmaputta kA ullekha hai| jAtaka meM ullekha hai ki buddha ne udakarAmaputta se dhyAna kI prakriyA sIkhI thii| yadyapi unhoMne usakI mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA bhI kI hai, phira bhI unake mana meM usake prati bar3A Adara thA aura jJAna prApti ke bAda unheM dharma ke upadeza yogya mAnakara unakI talAza kI thI, kiMtu taba taka unakI mRtyu ho cukI thii| 10 ina sabhI AdhAroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmaputta (rAmagutta) vastutaH pAli sAhitya meM varNita udakarAmaputta hI hai, anya koI nhiiN| udakarAmaputta kI sAdhanA paddhati dhyAna-pradhAna aura madhyamArgI thI, aisA bhI pAli sAhitya se siddha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI unheM AhAra karate hue mukti prApta karane vAlA batAkara isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai ki ve kaThora tapa sAdhanA ke samarthaka na hokara madhyamamArga ke samarthaka the| yahI kAraNa thA ki buddha kA unake prati jhukAva thaa| punaH; sUtrakRtAMga meM inheM pUrvamahApuruSa kahA gayA hai| yadi sUtrakRtAMga ke rAmagupta kI pahacAna samudragupta ke putra rAmagupta se karate haiM, to sUtrakRtAMga kI tithi kitanI bhI Age le jAI jAe, kiMtu kisI bhI sthiti meM vaha usameM pUrvakAlika RSi ke rUpa meM ullikhita nahIM ho sakate, sAtha hI sAtha yadi sUtrakRtAMga kA rAmagupta samudragupta kA putra rAmagupta hai, to usane siddha-prApti kI, aisA kahanA bhI jaina dRSTi se upayukta nahIM hogA, kyoMki IsA kI dUsarI tIsarI zatAbdI taka jainoM meM yaha spaSTa dhAraNA bana cukI thI ki jambU ke bAda koI bhI siddhi ko prApta nahIM kara sakA hai, jabaki mUla gAthA meM siddhA' vizeSaNa spaSTa hai| punaH, rAmagupta kA ullekha bAhuka ke pUrva aura nami ke bAda hai, isase bhI lagatA hai ki rAmagupta kA astitva ina donoM ke kAla ke madhya hI honA caahie| bAhuka kA ullekha isibhAsiyAI meM hai aura isibhAsiyAI kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA pUrva kI hI racanA siddha hotA hai| ataH, sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmagupta samudragupta kA putra nahIM ho sktaa| pAli sAhitya meM bhI hameM 'bAhiya' yA 'bAhika' kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, jisane buddha se cAra smRti-prasthAnoM kA upadeza prApta kara unakI sAdhanA ke dvArA arhat pada ko prApta kiyA thaa| pAli tripiTaka se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bAhiya yA bAhika pUrva meM svataMtra rUpa se sAdhanA karatA (37)

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thA, bAda meM usane buddha se dIkSA grahaNa kara arhat - pada prApta kiyA thaa| cUMki bAhika buddha kA samakAlIna thA, ataH bAhika se thor3e pUrvavartI rAmaputta the| punaH, rAmagutta, bAhuka, devala, dvaipAyana, pArAzara Adi jaina paramparA ke RSi nahIM rahe haiM, yadyapi nami ke vairAgya-prasaMga kA ullekha uttarAdhyayana meM hai| isibhAsiyAI meM jinake vicAroM kA saMkalana huA hai, unameM pArzva Adi ke eka do apavAdoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI RSi nirgrantha paramparA (jaina dharma) se sambaMdhita nahIM haiN| isibhAsiyAI aura sUtrakRtAMga- donoM se hI rAmagutta (rAmaputta) kA ajaina honA hI siddha hotA hai, na ki jaina, jabaki samudragupta kA jyeSTha putra rAmagupta spaSTa rUpa se eka jaina dharmAvalambI nareza hai| sambhavataH, DaoN.bhAgacaMdra apane pakSa kI siddhi isa AdhAra para karanA cAheM ki sUtrakRtAMga kI mUla gAthAoM meM 'putta' zabda na hokara 'gutta' zabda hai aura sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne bhI use rAmagupta hI kahA hai, rAmaputta nahIM, sAtha hI use rAjarSi bhI kahA gayA hai, ataH use rAjA honA cAhie, kiMtu hamArI dRSTi se ye tarka bahuta sabala nahIM haiN| prathama to yaha ki rAjarSi vizeSaNa nami evaM rAmagupta (rAmaputta)- donoM ke saMbaMdha meM lAgU ho sakatA hai aura yaha bhI sambhava hai ki nami ke samAna rAmaputta bhI koI rAjA rahA hai, jisane bAda meM zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lI hai| punaH, hama yadi cUrNi kI ora jAte haiM, jo zIlAMka ke vivaraNa kI pUrvavartI hai, usameM spaSTa rUpa se 'rAmAutte'- aisA pATha hai, na ki 'raamgutte'| isa AdhAra para bhI rAmaputta (rAmaputra) kI avadhAraNA susaMgata baiThatI hai| isibhAsiyAI kI bhUmikA meM bhI sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne jo rAmagupta pATha diyA hai, use asaMgata batAte hue zubiMga ne 'rAmaputta'- isa pATha kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| 13 yadyapi sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra aMtakRddazA ke tIsare adhyayana kA nAma 'rAmagutte' hai, kiMtu prathama to vartamAna aMtakRddazA meM upalabdha adhyayana isase bhinna hai, dUsare yaha bhI sambhava hai ki kisI samaya yaha adhyayana rahA hogA aura usameM rAmaputta se sambaMdhita vivaraNa rahA hogA- yahAM bhI TIkAkAra kI bhrAMtivaza hI 'putta' ke sthAna para gutta ho gayA hai|14 TIkAkAroM ne mUla pAThoM meM aise parivartana kie haiN| (38.

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ina saba AdhAroM para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM ullikhita rAmaputta (rAmagupta) samudragupta kA jyeSTha putra rAmagupta na hokara pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM evaM isibhAsiyAI meM ullikhita rAmaputta hI hai, jisase buddha ne dhyAna-prakriyA sIkhI thii| saMdarbha - Ahesu mahApurisA puvviM tatta tvodhnnaa| udaeNa siddhimAvannA tattha maMdo visiiyti|| aMbhujiyA namI videhI rAmagupte ye bhuMjiyA bAhue udagaM bhoccA tahA nArAyaNe risI Asile devile ceva dIvAyaNa mahArisI parAsare dagaM bhoccA bIyANi hariyANi y| - sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/1-3 Some Eithical Aspects of Madhayana Buddhism as depicted in the Sutrakrtanga, Page 2 (yaha lekha All India Seminar on Early Buddhism and Mahayana-- Deptt. of Pali and Buddhist Studies, B.H.U. Nov. 10, 1984 meM par3hA gayA thaa|) bhagavato'rhato caMdraprabhasya pratimeyaM kaaritaa| mahArAjAdhirAja zrI rAmaguptena updeshaat| jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-1, pR. 51-52 tathA sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa, bhAga-22, prastAvanA, pR. 31 sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/2-3 ete puvvaM mahApurisA ahitA iha smmtaa| bhoccA bIodagaM siddhA iti meymnnussu|| 3.

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7.. voi a - vahI, 1/3/4/4 rAmaputteNa arahatA isiNaM buit| ___ - isibhAsiyAI,23 ye samaNe rAmaputte abhippsnnaa| - aMguttanikAya,4/19/7 majjhima nikAya, 2/4/5, saMyuttanikAya, 34/2/5/10 atha kho bhagavato etadahosi- 'kassa nu kho ahaM paThamaM dhammaM deseyyaM? ko imaM dhammaM khippameva AjAnissatI' ti ? atha kho bhagavato etadahosi- 'ayaM kho uddako rAmaputto paNDito paNDito byatto medhAvI dIgharattaM apparajakkhajAtiko, yanUnAhaM uddakassa rAmaputtassa paThamaM dhamma deseyyaM, so imaM dhammaM khippameva aajaanisstiiti| ayaM kho antarahitA devatA bhagavato Arocesi- 'abhidosakAlaMkato, bhante, uddako raamputtoti| bhagavato pi kho ANaM udapAdi 'abhidosakAlaMkato uddako rAmaputto' ti| * - mahAvagga, 1/6/10/2 majjhimanikAya, 2/4/5, 2/5/10 , sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/2 Isibhasiyaim (A Jaina Text of Early Period), Indroduction, p.4 (L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad). aMtagar3adasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahAnami mAtaMge somile, rAmagutte sudaMsaNe cev| jamAlI ya bhagAlI ya, kiMkime pallae i ya // 1 // phAle aMbar3aputte ya, emae dasa aahiyaa| - sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 10/755 11. 12. 14. 40

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aMtakRddazA kI viSaya-vastu : eka punarvicAra . aMtakRddazA jaina-aMga AgamoM kA aSTama aMgasUtra hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ise dasa dazAoM meM eka batAyA gayA hai| aMtakRddazA kI viSaya-vastu se sambaMdhita nirdeza zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM naMdIsUtra meM tathA digambara paramparA meM rAjavArttika, dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA meM upalabdha haiN| aMtakRddazA kA vartamAna svarUpa vartamAna meM jo aMtakRddazA upalabdha hai, usameM ATha varga haiN| prathama varga meM gautama, samudra, sAgara, gambhIra, stimita, acala, kAmpilya, akSobha, prasenajit aura viSNu- ye dasa adhyayana upalabdha haiN| dvitIya varga meM ATha adhyayana haiN| inake nAma haiM - akSobha, sAgara, samudra, himavaMta, acala, dharaNa, pUrANa aura abhicNdr| tRtIya varga meM nimna teraha adhyayana haiM - 1. anIyasa kumAra, 2. anaMtasena kumAra, 3. anihata kumAra, 4 vidvat kumAra, 5. devayaza kumAra, 6. zatrusena kumAra, 7. sAraNa kumAra, 8. gaja kumAra, 9. sumukha kumAra, 10. durmukha kumAra, 11. kuyaza kumAra, 12. dArUka kumAra aura 13. anAdRSTi kumaar| isI prakAra, caturtha varga meM nimna dasa adhyayana haiM- 1. jAli kumAra, 2. mayAli kumAra, 3. upAli kumAra, 4. puruSasena kumAra, 5. vAriSeNa kumAra, 6. pradyumna kumAra, 7. zAmba kumAra, 8. anirUddha kumAra, 9. satyanemi kumAra aura 10. dRr3hanemi kumaar| paMcama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM, jinameM ATha kRSNa kI pradhAna patniyoM aura do pradyumna kI patniyoM se sambaMdhita haiN| prathama varga se lekara pAMcaveM varga taka ke adhikAMza vyakti kRSNa ke parivAra se sambaMdhita haiM aura ariSTanemi ke zAsanakAla meM hue haiN| chaThaveM, sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga kA sambaMdha mahAvIra ke zAsana se hai| chaThaveM varga ke nimna 16 adhyayana batAe gae haiM - 1. makAI, 2. kiMkama, 3. mudgarapANi, 4. kAzyapa, 5. kSemaka, 6. dhRtidhara, 7. kailAza, 8. haricaMdana, 9. vAratta, 10. sudarzana, 11. puNyabhadra, 12. sumanabhadra, 13. supratiSThita, 14. meghakumAra, 15. atimukta kumAra aura 16. alakka (alakSya) kumaar| sAtaveM varga meM 13 adhyayanoM ke nAma nimna haiM - 1. nandA, 2. nandavatI, 3. nandottarA, 4. nandazreNikA, 5. marutA, 6. (41)

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sumarutA, 7. mahAmarutA, 8. maruddevA, 9. bhadrA, 10. subhadrA, 11. sujatA, 12. sumanAyikA aura 13. bhuutdttaa| AThaveM varga meM kAlI, sukAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNa aura sukRSNA, mahAkRSNA, vIrakRSNA, rAmakRSNA, mahAsenakRSNA aura mahAsenakRSNA- ina dasa zreNika kI patniyoM kA ullekha hai| uparyukta sampUrNa vivaraNa ko dekhane se lagatA hai ki kevala kiMkama aura sudarzana hI aise adhyAya haiM, jo sthAnAMga meM ullikhita vivaraNa se nAma sAmya rakhate haiM , zeSa sAre nAma bhinna haiN| aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu sambaMdhI prAcIna ullekha sthAnAMga meM hameM sarvaprathama aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isameM aMtakRddazA ke ye dasa adhyayana batAe gae haiM - nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta (rAmaputta), sudarzana, jamAlI, bhayAlI, kiMkima, pallatetIya aura pha . liambputr'| yadi hama vartamAna meM upalabdha aMtakRddazA ko dekhate haiM, to usameM uparyukta dasa adhyayanoM meM kevala do nAma sudarzana aura kiMkama upalabdha haiN| samavAyAMga meM aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM aMtakRt jIvoM ke nagara, udyAna,caitya, vanakhaNDa, rAjA, mAtA-pitA, samavasaraNa, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, ihaloka aura paraloka kI Rddhi vizeSa, bhoga aura unakA parityAga, pravrajyA, zrutajJAna kA dhyAna, tapa tathA kSamA Adi bahuvidha pratimAoM, satraha prakAra ke saMyama, brahmacarya, AkiMcanya, samiti, gupti, apramAda, yoga, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna sambaMdhI vivaraNa haiN| Age isameM batAyA gayA hai ki isameM uttara saMyama ko prApta karane tathA parigrahoM ko jItane para cAra karmo ke kSaya hone se kevala jJAna kI prApti kisa prakAra se hotI hai, isakA ullekha hai, sAtha hI una muniyoM kI zramaNa paryAya, prayogopagamana, anazana, tama aura karmarajapravAha se mukta hokara mokSasukha ko prApta karane sambaMdhI ullekha haiN| samavAyAMga ke anusAra isameM eka zrutaskaMdha, dasa adhyayana aura sAta varga batAe gae haiM, jabaki upalabdha aMtakRddazA meM ATha varga haiM, ataH samavAyAMga meM vartamAna aMtakRddazA kI apekSA eka varga kama batAyA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMgakAra ne sthAnAMga kI mAnyatA aura usake sAmane upalabdha graMtha meM eka samanvaya baiThAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| aisA

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lagatA hai ki samavAyAMgakAra ke sAmane sthAnAMga meM ullikhita aMtakRddazA lupta ho cukI thI aura mAtra usameM 10 adhyayana hone kI smRti hI zeSa thI tathA usake sthAna para vartamAna upalabdha aMtakRddazA ke kama se kama sAta vargoM kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| naMdIsUtrakAra aMtakRddazA ke sambaMdha meM jo vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai, vaha bahuta kucha to samavAyAMga ke samAna hI hai, kiMtu usameM spaSTa rUpa se isake ATha varga hone kA ullekha prApta hai| samavAyAMgakAra jahAM aMtakRddazA ke dasa samuddezana kAloM kI carcA karatA hai, vahAM naMdIsUtrakAra usake ATha uddezana kAloM kI carcA karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha aMtakRddazA kI racanA samavAyAMga ke kAla taka bahuta kucha ho cukI thI aura vahIM aMtima rUpa se naMdIsUtra kI racanA ke pUrva apane astitva meM A cukA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha tInoM vivaraNoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita aMtakRddazA ke prathama saMskaraNa kI viSaya-vastu kisa prakAra se usase alaga kara dI gaI aura naMdIsUtra ke racanAkAla taka usake sthAna para navIna saMskaraNa kisa prakAra astitva meM A gyaa| .. . yadi hama digambara sAhitya kI dRSTi se isa prazna para vicAra kareM, to hameM sarvaprathama tattvArthavArttika meM aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu se saMbaMdhita vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM nimna dasa adhyayanoM kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmaputta, sudarzana, yamalIka, valIka, kiSkambala aura paataalmbsstthputr| yadi hama sthAnAMga meM ullikhita aMtakRddazA ke dasa adhyayanoM se inakI tulanA karate haiM, to usake yamalika aura valika- aise do nAma haiM, jo sthAnAMga ke ullekha se bhinna haiN| vahAM inake sthAna para jamAlI, bhayAlI (bhagAlI)- aise do adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai| punaH, cilvaka kA ullekha tattvArthavArttikakAra ne nahIM kiyA hai| usake sthAna para pAla aura ambaSThaputra- aise do alaga-alaga nAma mAna lie haiN| yadi hama isakI prAmANikatA kI carcA meM utareM, to sthAnAMga kA vivaraNa hameM sarvAdhika prAmANika lagatA hai| sthAnAMga meM aMtakRddazA ke jo dasa adhyAya batAe gae haiM, unameM nami

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nAmaka adhyAya vartamAna meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM upalabdha hai| yadyapi yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita 'nami' nAmaka adhyayana aura uttarAdhyayana meM ullikhita 'nami' nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu eka thI yA bhinna-bhinna thii| nami kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| vahAM pArAzara, rAmaputta Adi prAcIna RSiyoM ke sAtha unake nAma kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita dvitIya 'mAtaMga' nAmaka adhyayana RSibhASita ke 26 veM mAtaMga nAmaka adhyayana ke rUpa meM Aja upalabdha hai, yadyapi viSaya-vastu kI samarUpatA ke sambaMdha meM yahAM bhI kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| somila nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma sAmya RSibhASita ke 42 veM soma nAmaka adhyAya ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| rAmaputta nAmaka caturtha adhyayana bhI RSibhASita ke teIsaveM adhyayana ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra dvigRddhidazA ke eka adhyayana kA nAma bhI rAmaputta thaa| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki aMtakRddazA, isibhAsiyAI aura dvigRddhidazA ke rAmaputta nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu bhinna ho, cAhe vyakti vahI ho| sUtrakRtAMgakAra ne rAmaputta kA ullekha arhat pravacana meM eka sammAnita RSi ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| rAmaputta kA ullekha pAlitripiTaka sAhitya meM hameM vistAra se milatA hai| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita aMtakRddazA kA pAMcavAM adhyayana sudarzana hai| vartamAna meM aMtakRddazA meM chaThaveM varga ke dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma sudarzana hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra aMtakRddazA kA chaThavAM adhyayana jamAlI hai| aMtakRddazA meM sudarzana kA vistRta ullekha arjuna mAlAkAra ke adhyayana meM bhI hai| jamAlI kA ullekha hameM bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai, yadyapi bhagavatIsUtra meM jamAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kriyamANakRta ke siddhAMta kA virodha karate hue darzAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA jamAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jAmAtR bhI mAnatI hai| paravartI sAhitya niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNiyoM meM bhI jamAlI kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura unheM eka nihnava batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga kI sUcI ke anusAra aMtakRddazA kA sAtavAM adhyayana bhayAlI (bhagAlI) hai| 'bhagAlI meteja' RSibhASita ke 13 veM adhyayana meM ullikhita hai| sthAnAMga kI sUcI meM aMtakRddazA ke AThaveM adhyayana kA nAma kiMkama yA kiMkasa hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMtakRddazA (44)

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meM chaThaveM varga ke dvitIya adhyAya kA nAma kiMkama hai, yadyapi yahAM tatsambaMdhI vivaraNa kA abhAva hai| sthAnAMga meM aMtakRddazA ke nauveM adhyayana kA nAma cilvaka yA cillavAka hai| kucha pratiyoM meM isake sthAna para 'palletIya'- aisA nAma bhI milatA hai| isake sambaMdha meM bhI hameM koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM hai| digambara AcArya akalaMkadeva bhI isa sambaMdha meM spaSTa nahIM haiN| sthAnAMga meM dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma phAlaambaDaputta batAyA hai, jisakA saMskRta rUpa pAlaambaSThaputra ho sakatA hai| ambaDa saMnyAsI kA ullekha hameM bhagavatIsUtra meM vistAra se milatA hai| ambaDa ke nAma se eka adhyayana RSibhASita meM bhI hai| yadyapi vivAda kA viSaya yaha ho sakatA hai ki jahAM RSibhASita aura bhagavatI use ambaDa parivrAjaka kahate haiM, vahAM use ambaDaputta kahA gayA hai| . aitihAsika dRSTi se gaveSaNA karane para hameM aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM aMtakRddazA ke jo 10 adhyayana batAe gae haiM, ve yathArtha vyaktiyoM se sambaMdhita rahe hoMge, kyoMki unameM se adhikAMza ke ullekha anya srotoM se bhI upalabdha haiN| inameM se kucha to aise haiM, jinakA ullekha bauddha paramparA meM mila jAtA hai, yathA - rAmaputta, somila, mAtaMga aadi| . aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM vicAra karate samaya hama sunizcita rUpa se itanA kaha sakate haiM ki ina sabameM sthAnAMga sambaMdhI vivaraNa adhika prAmANika tathA aitihAsika satyatA ko lie hue hai| samavAyAMga meM eka ora isake dasa adhyayana batAe gae haiM, to dUsarI ora samavAyAMgakAra sAta vargoM kI bhI carcA karatA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke uparyukta vivaraNa likhe jAne ke samaya sthAnAMga meM ullikhita aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu badala cukI thI, kiMtu vartamAna meM upalabdha aMtakRddazA kA pUrI taraha nirmANa bhI nahIM ho pAyA thA, kevala sAta hI varga bane the| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMtakRddazA kI racanA naMdIsUtra meM tatsambaMdhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva nizcita rUpa se ho cukI thI, kyoMki naMdIsUtrakAra usameM 10 adhyayana hone kA koI ullekha nahIM karatA hai, sAtha hI vaha ATha vargoM kI carcA karatA hai| vartamAna aMtakRddazA ke bhI ATha varga hI haiN|

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uparyukta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki vartamAna meM upalabdha aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu naMdIsUtra kI racanA ke kucha samaya pUrva taka astitva meM A gaI thii| aisA lagatA hai ki vallabhI vAcanA ke pUrva hI prAcIna aMtakRddazA ke adhyAyoM kI yA to upekSA kara dI gaI, yA unheM yatra-tatra anya graMthoM meM jor3a diyA gayA thA aura isa prakAra prAcIna aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu ke sthAna para navIna viSayavastu rakha dI gii| yahAM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna ho sakatA hai ki aisA kyoM kiyA gyaa| kyA vismRti ke AdhAra para prAcIna aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu lupta ho gaI athavA usakI prAcIna viSayavastu saprayojana vahAM se alaga kara dI gii| ___ merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki viSayavastu kA yaha parivartana vismRti ke kAraNa nahIM, paraMtu saprayojana hI huA hai| aMtakRddazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu meM jina dasa vyaktiyoM ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA thA, unameM nizcita rUpa se mAtaMga, ambaDa, rAmaputta, bhayAlI (bhagAlI); jamAlI Adi aise haiM, jo cAhe kisI samaya taka jaina paramparA meM sammAnya rUpa se rahe hoM, kiMtu aba ve jaina paramparA ke virodhI yA bAharI mAna lie gae the| jinapraNIta aMgasUtroM meM unakA ullekha rakhanA samucita nahIM mAnA gayA, ataH jisa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa se RSibhASita ko RSiyoM ke upadezoM se saprayojana alaga kiyA gayA, usI prakAra aMtakRddazA se inake vivaraNa ko bhI saprayojana alaga kiyaa| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki aba jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa ko vAsudeva ke rUpa se svIkAra kara liyA gayA, to unake tathA unake parivAra se sambaMdhita kathAnakoM ko kahIM sthAna denA Avazyaka thA, ataH aMtakRddazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu ko badalakara usake sthAna para kRSNa aura unake parivAra se sambaMdhita pAMca vargoM ko jor3a diyA gyaa| aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue sabase mahattvapUrNa tathya hamAre sAmane yaha AtA hai ki digambara paramparA meM aMtakRddazA kI jo viSayavastu tattvArthavArttika meM ullikhita hai, vaha sthAnAMga kI sUcI se bahuta kucha mela khAtI hai| yaha kaise sambhava huA? digambara paramparA jahAM aMga AgamoM ke lopa kI bAta karatI hai, to phira tattvArthavArttikakAra ko usakI prAcIna viSayavastu ke sambaMdha

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meM jAnakArI kaise ho gii| merI aisI mAnyatA hai ki zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke sambaMdha meM digambara paramparA meM jo kucha jAnakArI prApta huI hai, vaha yApanIya paramparA ke mAdhyama se prApta huI hai aura itanA nizcita hai ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbaroM kA bheda hone taka sthAnAMga meM ullikhita sAmagrI aMtakRddazA meM pracalita rahI ho aura tatsambaMdhI jAnakArI anuzruti ke mAdhyama se tattvArthavArttikakAra taka pahuMcI ho| tattvArthavArttikakAra ko bhI kucha nAmoM ke sambaMdha meM avazya hI bhrAMti hai, agara usake sAmane mUla graMtha hotA, to aisI bhrAMti kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| jamAlI kA to saMskRta rUpa yamalIka ho sakatA hai, kiMtu bhagAlI yA bhayAlI kA saMskRta rUpa valIka kisI prakAra nahIM bntaa| isI prakAra, kiMkama kA kiSkambala rUpa kisa prakAra banA, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| cilvaka yA pallataittIya ke nAma kA apalApa karake pAlaambaSTaputta ko bhI alaga-alaga kara dene se aisA lagatA hai ki vArttikakAra ke samakSa mUla graMtha nahIM hai, kevala anuzruti ke rUpa meM hI vaha unakI carcA kara rahA hai| jahAM zvetAmbara cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra viSayavastu sambaMdhI donoM hI prakAra kI viSayavastu se avagata haiM, vahAM digambara AcAryoM ko (mAtra prAcIna saMskaraNa) upalabdha aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM, jo ki chaThavIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM A cukI thI, koI jAnakArI nahIM thI, ataH unakA AdhAra kevala anuzruti thA graMtha nahIM, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcAryoM kA AdhAra eka ora graMtha thA, to dUsarI ora sthAnAMga kA vivrnn| dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM aMtakRddazA sambaMdhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se tattvArthavArttika para AdhArita hai| svayaM dhavalAkAra vIrasena uktaM ca tattvArthabhASye' kahakara usakA ullekha karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dhavalAkAra ke samakSa bhI prAcIna viSayavastu kA koI graMtha upasthita nahIM thaa| __ataH, hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki prAcIna aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu IsA kI cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hI parivartita ho cukI thI aura chaThavIM zatAbdI ke aMta taka vartamAna aMtakRddazA astitva meM A cukI thii| saMdarbha : 1. sthAnAMga (saM. madhukaramuni) dazama sthAna, sUtra 110 evaM 113 . 47

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dasa dasAo paNNattAo, taM jahA-kammavivAgadasAo, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDa dasAo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAo, AyAradasAo, paNhAvAgaraNa-dasAo, baMdhadasAo, dogiddhidasAo, dIhadasAo, sNkheviydsaao| evaM aMtagaDadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA-Nami mAtaMge somile, rAmagutte sudaMsaNe cev| jamAlI ya bhagAlI ya, kiMkame, cilletiy| . phAle aMbaDapatte ya emete dasa aahitaa|| samavAyAMga (saM. madhukaramuni) prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra, 539-540 se kiM taM aMtagaDadasAo ? antagaDadasAsu NaM antagaDANaM nagarAI ujANAiM ceiyAI vaNasaMDAiM rAyANo ammApiyaro samosaraNAI dhammAyariyA dhammakahAo ihaloiya-paraloiyA iDivisesA bhogapariccAyA pavvajAyo suyapariggahA tavovahANAI paDimAo bahuvihAo, khamA ajavaM maddavaM ca, soaMca saccasihayaM, sattarasaviho ya saMjamo, uttamaM ca baMbhaM, AkiMcaNayA tavo ciyAo samiiguttIo ceva, taha apapmAyajogo, sajjhAyajjhANANa ya uttamANa doNahaMpi lkkhnnaaii| pattANa ya saMjamuttamaM jiyaparIsahANaM cauvvihakammakhayammi jaha kevalassa laMbho, pariyAo jattio ya jaha pAlio muNihiM, pAyovAo ya jo jahiM, jattiyANi bhattANi cheyaittA aMtagaDomuNivaro tamarayoghavippamukko, mokkhasuhamaNuttaraM ca pttaa| ee aNNe ya evamAi vitthoraNaM pruuveii| aMtagaDadasAsu NaM pasti vAyaNA, saMkhejA aNuogadArA, saMkhejAo paDivattIo saMkhejA veDhA, saMkhejA silogA, saMkhejAo nijuttIo saMkhejAo sNghnniio| se NaM aMgaThThayAe aTThame aMge ege suyakkhaMghe dasa ajjhayaNA satrA vaggA dasa uddesaNakAlA dasa samuddesaNakAlA saMkhejAiM payasayasahassAI

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payaggeNaM, saMkhejA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA aNaMtA pajavA paritA tasA arNatA thAvarA sAsayA kaDA NibaddhA NikAiyA jiNapaNNattAbhAvA AghavinaMti paNNA vijaMti parUvijaMti daMsirjati nidaMsirjati uvdNsijNti| se evaM AyA evaM NAyA evaM viNAyA evaM caraNa-karaNa-parUvaNayA AghavijaMti paNNavijaMti parUvijaMti daMsirjati nidaMsirjati uvdNsijNti| settaM aNtgdddsaao| naMdIsUtra (saM. madhukaramuni) sUtra 53, pR. 183 se kiM taM aMtagaDadasAo? aMtagaDadasAsu NaM aMtagaDANaM nagarAiM, ujANAI, ceiAI, vaNasaMDAiM, samosaraNAI, rAyaNo, ammA-piyaro, dhammAyariyA, dhammakahAo, ihaloia-paraloiA, iDDivisesA, bhogaparicAyA pavvajAo, pariAgA, suapariggahA, tavovahANAI, saMlehaNAo, bhattapaccakkhANAI pAovagamaNAI aMtakiriAo aaghvijNti| aMtagaDadasAsu NaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhijA aNuogadArA, saMkhejAkDhA, saMkhejA silogA, saMkhejAo nijuttIo, saMkhejAo saMgahaNIo, saMkhejAo pddivttiio| se NaM aMgaTThayAe aTThame aMge, ege suakhaMdhe aTTha vaggA, aTTha uddesaNakAlA, vaTTha samuddesaNakAlA saMkhejA payasahassA payaggeNaM, saMkhejA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA pajavA, parittA tasA, aNatA thAvarA, sAsayakaDa-nibaddha-nikAiA jiNapaNNattA bhAvA AghavijaMti, pannavijaMti, parUvijaMti, daMsirjati,nidaMsajaMti, uvdNsijNti| se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA, evaM vinnAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNA Aghavijar3A se taM aNtgdddsaao| tattvArthavArttika- pRSTha 51 saMsArasyAntaH kRto yaiste'ntakRtaH namimataMgasomilarAmaputrasudarzana samavAM mI kavalokaniSkaMbalapAlamvaSTaputrA ityete daza vrdhmaantiirthNkrtiirthe|

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SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA 1/1/2, khaNDa eka, bhAga eka, pustaka ekapRSTha 103-4 aMtayaDadasA NAma aMgaM tevIsa lakkha-aTThAvIsa-sahassa-padehi 232800 ekjekkamiha ya titthe dAruNe bahuvihovasagge sahiUNa pADiheraM lakSNa NivvAgaM gade dasa dasa vnnnndi| uktaM ca tatvArthabhASye - saMsArasyAntaHkRto yaiste'ntekRtaH nami-mataMga somila-rAmaputra-sudarzanayamalIka-valIka ki SkaM vila pAlambaSTaputrA iti ete daza vrddhmaantiirthNkrtiirthe| evamRSabhAdInAM trayoviMzatestIrtheSvanye'nye, evaM daza dazAnagArAH dArUNAnupa-sargAnnirjitya kRtsnakarmakSayAvastakRto dazAsyAM varNyanta iti aNtkRddshaa| praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM hI paramparAeM yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki praznavyAkaraNasUtra (paNhavAgaraNa) jaina aMga-Agama sAhitya kA dasavAM aMga-graMtha hai, kiMtu digambara paramparA ke anusAra aMga-Agama sAhitya kA viccheda (lupta) ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM yaha graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA aMga sAhitya kA viccheda nahIM mAnatI hai, ataH usake upalabdha AgamoM meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka graMtha Aja bhI pAyA jAtA hai, kiMtu samasyA yaha hai ki kyA zvetAmbara paramparA ke vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu vahI hai, jisakA nirdeza anya zvetAmbara prAcIna Agama graMthoM meM hai, athavA yaha parivartita ho cukI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambaMdhI prAcIna nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga (ThANAMga), samavAyAMga, anuyogadvAra evaM naMdIsUtra meM aura digambara paramparA ke rAjavArttika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA nAmaka TIkA graMthoM meM upalabdha haiN| inameM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI evaM naMdI lagabhaga pAMcavIMchaThavIM zatAbdI, rAjavArtika AThavIM zatAbdI tathA dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA dasavIM

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zatAbdI ke graMtha svIkAra kie gae haiN| praznavyAkaraNa nAma kyoM? 'praznavyAkaraNa'- isa nAma ko lekara prAcIna TIkAkAroM evaM vidvAnoM meM yaha dhAraNA bana gaI thI ki jisa graMtha meM praznoM ke samAdhAna kie gae hoM, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu praznottara zailI meM nahIM thI aura na vaha praznavidyA arthAt nimittazAstra se hI sambaMdhita thii| guru-ziSya saMvAda kI praznottara zailI meM Agama graMtha kI racanA eka paravartI ghaTanA hai - bhagavatI yA vyAkhyAprajJapti isakA prathama udAharaNa hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM naMdIsUtra meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 pUche gae, 108 nahIM pUche gae aura 108 aMzataH pUche gae aura aMzataH nahIM pUche gae praznoM ke uttara haiM', kiMtu yaha avadhAraNA kAlpanika hI lagatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcanItama viSayavastu praznottara rUpa meM thI yA usameM praznoM kA uttara dene vAlI vidyAoM kA samAveza thA- samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra ke ullekhoM ke atirikta Aja isakA koI prabala pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcInakAla meM graMthoM ko praznoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karane kI paramparA thii| isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa ApastambIya dharmasUtra hai, jisakI viSayavastu ko do praznoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isake prathama prazna meM 11 paTala aura dvitIya prazna meM 11 paTala haiN| yaha sampUrNa graMtha praznottara rUpa meM bhI nahIM haiN| isI prakAra, baudhAyana dharmasUtra kI viSayavastu bhI praznoM meM vibhakta hai| ataH, praznottara zailI meM hone ke kAraNa yA praznavidyA se sambaMdhita hone ke kAraNa ise praznavyAkaraNa nAma diyA gayA thA- yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| vaise isakA prAcIna nAma 'vAgaraNa' (vyAkaraNa) hI thaa| RSibhASita meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha hai| ' prAcInakAla meM tAttvika vyAkhyA ko vyAkaraNa kahA jAtA thaa| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM anya graMthoM meM jo nirdeza haiMusase vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa nizcaya hI bhinna hai| yaha parivartana kisa rUpa meM huA hai, yahI vicAraNIya hai| yadi hama graMtha ke kAlakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue

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praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ko dekheM, to hameM usakI viSayavastu meM hue parivartanoM kI spaSTa sUcanA usameM mila jAtI hai| (a) sthAnAMga - praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM prAcInatama ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI gaNanA dasa dazAoM meM kI gaI hai tathA usake nimna dasa adhyayana batAe gae haiM - 1. upamA, 2. saMkhyA, 3. RSibhASita, 4. AcAryabhASita, 5. mahAvIrabhASita, 6. kSobhika prazna, 7. komalaprazna, 8. Adarzaprazna (Adraka prazna), 9. aMguSThaprazna, 10. baahuprshn| isase phalita hotA hai ki sarvaprathama yaha dasa adhyAyoM kA graMtha thaa| dasa adhyAyoM ke graMtha dasA (dazA) kahe jAte the| (ba) samavAyAMga- sthAnAMga ke pazcAt praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu kA adhika vistRta vivecana karane vAlA Agama samavAyAMga hai| samavAyAMga meM . usakI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM 108 praznoM, 108 apraznoM aura 108 praznApraznoM kI vidyAoM ke atizayoM (camatkAroM) kA tathA nAgoM-suparNoM ke sAtha divya saMvAdoM kA vivecana hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNa dazA svasamaya-parasamaya ke prajJApaka evaM vividha arthoM vAlI bhASA ke pravaktA pratyekabuddhoM ke dvArA bhASita atizaya guNoM evaM upazamabhAva ke dhAraka tathA jJAna ke Akara AcAryoM ke dvArA vistAra se bhASita aura jagat ke hita ke lie vIra maharSi ke dvArA vizeSa vistAra se bhASita hai| yaha Adarza (ahAga). aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, kSauma (vastra) evaM Aditya (ke Azraya se) bhASita hai| isameM mahAprazna vidyA, manapraznavidyA, devaprayoga Adi kA ullekha hai| isameM saba prANiyoM ke pradhAna guNoM ke prakAzaka, durguNoM ko alpa karane vAle, manuSyoM kI mati ko vismita karane vAle, atizayamaya kAlajJa evaM zamadama se yukta uttara tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacana meM sthita karane vAle, durabhigama, duravagAha, sabhI sarvajJoM ke dvArA sammata sabhI ajJajanoM ko bodha karAne vAle pratyakSa pratItikAraka, vividhaguNoM se aura mahAn arthoM se yukta jinavara praNIta prazna (vacana) kahe gae haiN| praznavyAkaraNa aMga kI sImita vAcanAeM haiM, saMkhyAt anuyogadvAra haiM, saMkhyAt pratipattiyAM haiM, saMkhyAt veDha haiM, saMkhyAt zloka haiM, saMkhyAt niyuktiyAM

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haiM aura saMkhyAt saMgrahaNiyAM haiN| praznavyAkaraNa aMgarUpa se dasavAM aMga hai, isameM eka zrutaskandha hai, paiMtAlIsa uddezana kAla haiM, paiMtAlIsa samuddezana kAla haiM, pada gaNanA kI apekSA saMkhyAt lAkha pada kahe gae haiN| isameM saMkhyAt akSara haiM, ananta gama haiM, ananta paryAya haiM, parIta trasa haiM, ananta sthAvara haiM, isameM zAzvata kRta, nibaddha, nikAcita, jinaprajJapta bhAva kahe jAte haiM, prajJApita kie jAte haiM, prarUpita kie jAte haiM, nidarzita kie jAte haiM aura upadarzita kie jAte haiN| isa aMga ke dvArA AtmA jJAtA hotA hai, vijJAtA hotA hai| isa prakAra caraNa aura karaNa kI prarUpaNA ke dvArA vastu svarUpa kA kathana, prajJApana, nidarzana aura upadarzana kiyA jAtA hai|' (sa) naMdIsUtra-naMdIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo ullekha hai, vaha samavAyAMga ke vivaraNa kA mAtra saMkSipta rUpa hai| usake bhAva aura bhASAdonoM hI samAna haiM, mAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana batAe gae haiM, jabaki samavAyAMga meM kevala 45 samuddezana kAloM kA ullekha hai, 45 adhyayana kA ullekha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| 5. (da) tattvArthavArttika- tattvArthavArttika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AkSepa aura vikSepa ke dvArA hetu aura naya ke Azraya se praznoM ke vyAkaraNa ko praznavyAkaraNa kahate haiN| isameM laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| 6 (i) dhavalA- dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu batAI gaI hai, vaha tattvArthavArttika meM pratipAdita viSayavastu se kiMcit vibhinnatA rakhatI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nirvedanI- ina cAra prakAra kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| usameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki AkSepaNI kathA parasamayoM (anya matoM) kA nirAkaraNa kara chaha dravyoM aura nava tattvoM kA pratipAdana karatI hai| vikSepaNI kathA parasamaya ke dvArA svasamaya para lagAe gae AkSepoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svasamaya kI sthApanA karatI hai| saMvedanI kathA puNyaphala kI kathA hai| isameM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara, RSi, cakravartI Adi kI Rddhi kA vivaraNa hai| nirvedanI kathA pApaphala kI kathA hai, isameM naraka, tiryaMca,

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jarA- maraNa, roga Adi sAMsArika duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa praznoM ke anusAra hata, naSTa, muSTi, ciMtA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha, duHkha, jIvita, maraNa, jaya, parAjaya, nAma, dravya, Ayu aura saMkhyA nirUpaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra, praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM prAcIna ullekhoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambaMdhI vivaraNoM kI samIkSA merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu ke tIna saMskAra hue hoNge| prathama evaM prAcInatama saMskAra, jo 'vAgaraNa' kahA jAtA thA, meM RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI isakI pramukha viSayavastu rahI hogii| RSibhASita meM 'vAgaraNa' graMtha kA evaM usakI viSayavastu kI RSibhASita se samAnatA kA ullekha hai| isase prAcInakAla (I.pU. cauthI yA tIsarI zatAbdI) meM usake astitva kI sUcanA to milatI hI hai, sAtha hI praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kA sambaMdha bhI spaSTa hotA hai| - sthAnAMgasUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kA vargIkaraNa dasa dazAoM meM kiyA hai| sambhavataH, jaba praznavyAkaraNa meM isa prAcIna saMskaraNa kI racanA huI hogI, taba gyAraha aMgoM athavA dvAdaza gaNipiTika kI avadhAraNA bhI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM bana pAI thii| aMga-Agama sAhitya ke 5 graMtha upAsaka dazA, aMtakRddazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA, anuttaropapAtika dazA tathA karmavipAka-dazA (vipAkadazA) dasa dazAoM meM hI parigaNita kie jAte the| Aja ina dazAoM meM uparyukta pAMca tathA AcAradazA, jo Aja dazAzrutaskaMdha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, ko chor3akara zeSa cAra- baMdhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA aura saMkSepadazA anupalabdha haiN| upalabdha chaha dazAoM meM bhI upAsakadazA aura AyAradazA kI viSayavastu sthAnAMga meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anurUpa hai| karmavipAka aura anuttaropapAtikadazA kI viSayavastu meM kucha samAnatA hai aura kucha bhinnatA hai, jabaki praznavyAkaraNadazA aura aMtakRddazA kI viSayavastu pUrI taraha badala gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu sUcita kI gaI hai, vahI isakA prAcInatama saMskaraNa lagatA hai,

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kyoMki yahAM taka isakI viSayavastu meM naimittika vidyAoM kA adhika praveza nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa ke jina dasa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza karatA hai, unameM bhI merI dRSTi meM isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAI- ye tIna prAcIna pratIta hote haiN| 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' kI sAmagrI kyA thI ? kahA nahIM jA sakatA, yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'uvamA' meM kucha rUpakoM ke dvArA dharmabodha karAyA gayA hogaa| jaisA ki jJAtAdharmakathA meM kUrma aura aNDoM ke rUpakoM dvArA kramazaH yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jo iMdriya saMyama nahIM karatA hai, vaha duHkha ko prApta hotA hai aura jo sAdhanA meM asthira citta rahatA hai vaha phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai, isI prakAra 'saMkhA' meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke samAna saMkhyA ke AdhAra para varNita sAmagrI ho| yadyapi yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki saMkhA nAmaka adhyayana kA sambaMdha sAMkhyadarzana se rahA ho, kyoMki anya paramparAoM ke vicAroM ko prastuta karane kI udAratA isa graMtha meM thI, sAtha hI prAcIna kAla meM sAMkhya zramaNadhArA kA hI darzana thA aura jaina darzana se usakI nikaTatA thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki addAgapasiNAI, bAhupasiNAI Adi adhyAyoM ke sambaMdha bhI nimittazAstra se na hokara ina nAma vAle vyaktiyoM kI tAttvika paricarcA se rahA ho, ve kramazaH Ardraka aura bAhuka nAmaka RSiyoM kI tattvacarcA se sambaMdhita rahe hoNge| addAgapasiNAI kI TIkAkAroM ne 'Adarza prazna' aisI jo saMskRta chAyA kI hai, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| usakI saMskRta chAyA Ardraka prazna' - aisI honA caahie| Ardraka se hue praznottaroM kI carcA sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai, sAtha hI vartamAna RSibhASita meM bhI 'adAeNa' (Ardraka) aura bAhu (bAhuka) nAmaka adhyayana upalabdha haiN| ho sakatA hai ki komala aura khoma (kSoma) bhI koI RSi rahe haiN| soma kA ullekha bhI RSibhASita meM haiM, phira bhI yadi hama yaha mAnane ko utsuka hI ho ki ye adhyayana nimittazAstra se sambaMdhita the, to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki yaha sAmagrI usameM bAda meM jur3I hai, prArambha meM usakA aMga nahIM thI, kyoMki prAcInakAla meM nimittazAstra kA adhyayana jaina bhikSu ke lie varjita thA aura ise pApazruta mAnA jAtA thaa| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga- donoM meM praznavyAkaraNa sambaMdhI jo vivaraNa

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haiM, ve bhI eka kAla ke nahIM haiN| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa paravartI hai, kyoMki usa vivaraNa meM mUla tathya surakSita rahate hue bhI nimittazAstra sambaMdhI vivaraNa kAphI vistRta ho gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana batAe gae haiM, jabaki samavAyAMga usameM 45 uddezaka hone kI sUcanA detA hai| 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' nAmaka sthAnAMga meM varNita prArambhika do adhyayanoM kA yahAM nirdeza hI nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki 'uvamA' kI sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA meM aura 'saMkhA' kI sAmagrI - yadi usakA sambaMdha saMkhyA se thA, to sthAnAMga yA samavAyAMga meM DAla dI gaI ho| 'komalapasiNAI' kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ina tInoM ke sthAna para asi' 'maNi' . aura Aditya- ye tInoM nAma nae jur3a gae haiM, punaH inakA ullekha bhI adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM nahIM hai| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAtA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA varNya-viSaya camatkArapUrNa vividha vidyAoM se paripUrNa hai| yahAM isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAI- ina tIna adhyayanoM kA vilopa kara yaha nimittazAstra sambaMdhI vivaraNa inake dvArA kathita hai- yaha kaha diyA gayA hai| vastutaH, samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa hameM praznavyAkaraNa ke kisI dUsare parivarddhita saMskaraNa kI sUcanA detA hai, jisameM naimittazAstra se sambaMdhita vivaraNa jor3akara pratyeka buddhabhASita (RSibhASita), AcAryabhASita aura vIrabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) bhAga alaga kara die gae the aura isa prakAra ise zuddharUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA graMtha banA diyA gayA thaa| use prAmANikatA dene ke lie yahAM taka kaha diyA gayA ki ye pratyeka-buddha, AcArya aura mahAvIrabhASita haiN| tattvArthavArttika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, vaha itanA avazya sUcita karatA hai ki graMthakAra ke sAmane praznavyAkaraNa kI koI prati nahIM thI, usane praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambaMdha meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha kalpanAzrita hI hai| yadyapi dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke sambaMdha meM jo nimittazAstra se sambaMdhita kucha vivaraNa hai, vaha nizcaya hI yaha batAtA hai ki graMthakAra ne use anuzruti ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paramparA se prApta kiyA hogaa| dhavalA meM varNita viSayavastu vAlA koI praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM bhI rahA hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai|

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jaisA ki hama pUrva meM kaha cuke haiM ki samavAyAMga kA praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambaMdhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga kI apekSA paravartI kAla kA hai, phira bhI isameM kucha tathya aise avazya haiM, jo hamArI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karate haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa kI mUlabhUta viSayavastu RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI thI aura jisakA adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai, kyoMki samavAyAMga meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa kI viSavastu ko pratyekabuddhabhASita, AcAryabhASita, maharSivIrabhASita kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jahAM RSibhASita zabda hai, vahAM samavAyAMga meM pratyekabuddhabhASita zabda hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke pratyeka RSi ko Age calakara jainAcAryoM ne pratyekabuddha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura yaha zabda parivartana usI kA sUcaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM RSibhASita ke sthAna para pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| hamAre kathana kI puSTi kA dUsarA AdhAra yaha hai ki samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke eka zrutaskaMdha aura 45 adhyAya mAne gae haiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga ke praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambaMdhI isa vivaraNa ke likhe jAne taka bhI yaha avadhAraNA acetanarUpa meM avazya thI ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu pratyekabuddhoM, dharmAcAryoM aura mahAvIra ke upadezoM se nirmita thI, yadyapi isa kAla taka RSibhASita ko usase alaga kara diyA gayA hogA, usake 45 adhyayanoM ke sthAna para nimittazAstra sambaMdhI vidyAeM samAviSTa kara dI gaI hoMgI, yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya jor3ane kA hI aisA kucha prayatna sImita rUpa meM sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa sambaMdhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva bhI huA hogaa| merI dhAraNA yaha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM prathama nimittazAstra kA viSaya jur3A hogA aura phira RSibhASita vAlA aMza alaga huA tathA bIca kA kucha kAla aisA rahA, jaba vahI viSayavastu donoM meM samAnAMtara banI rhii| yahAM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jahAM sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai, vahAM samavAyAMga meM isake 45 uddezana kAla aura nandI meM 45 adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai - yaha Akasmika nahIM hai| yaha ullekha praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI kisI sAmyatA kA saMketaka hai| vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM dasa adhyayana honA

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bhI saprayojana hai - sthAnAMga ke pUrva vivaraNa se saMgati baiThAne ke lie hI aisA kiyA gayA hogaa| dasa aura paiMtAlIsa ke isa vivAda ko sulajhane ke do hI vikalpa haiM - prathama sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki prAcIna saMskaraNa meM dasa adhyAya rahe hoM aura usake RSibhASita vAle adhyAya ke 45 uddezaka rahe hoM, athavA mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAya hI hoM, kyoMki inameM bhI RSibhASita ke sAtha mahAvIrabhASita aura AcAryabhASita kA samAveza ho hI jAtA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAyoM meM se kucha adhyAya RSibhASita ke aMtargata aura kucha AcAryabhASita evaM kucha mahAvIrabhASita ke aMtargata uddezakoM ke rUpa meM vargIkRta hue hoN| mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana na kahakara 45 uddezana kAla kahA gayA hai, kiMtu praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karane ke pazcAt unheM eka hI graMtha ke aMtargata 45 adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM rakha diyA gayA ho| eka mahatvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayana kahe gae haiM, jabaki vartamAna RSibhASita meM 45 adhyayana haiN| kyA varddhamAna nAmaka adhyayana pahale isameM sammilita nahIM thA, kyoMki isa nAma kA adhyayana pahale isameM nahIM thA, kyoMki ise mahAvIrabhASita meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA jAtA thA athavA anya koI kAraNa thA, hama nahIM kaha skte| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki utkaTavAdI adhyAya meM kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai, sAtha hI yaha adhyAya cArvAka darzana kA pratipAdana karatA hai, ataH ise RSibhASita meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho| samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra ke mUla pAThoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa aMtara yaha hai ki naMdIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana haiMaisA spaSTa pATha hai 12, jabaki samavAyAMga meM 45 adhyayana, aisA pATha na hokara 45 uddezana kAla haiM, mAtra yahI pATha hai| ho sakatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke racanAkAla taka ve uddezaka rahe hoM, kiMtu Age calakara ve adhyayana kahe jAne lage hoN| yadi samavAyAMga ke kAla taka 45 adhyayanoM kI avadhAraNA hotI, to samavAyAMgakAra usakA ullekha avazya karate, kyoMki samavAyAMga meM anya aMga AgamoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM adhyayanoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa sambaMdha meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki kyA nimittazAstra evaM

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camatkArika vidyAoM se yukta koI praznavyAkaraNa banA bhI thA yA yaha saba kalpanA kI ur3AneM haiM ? yaha satya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kI pada saMkhyA kA samavAyAMga, naMdI, naMdIcUrNi aura dhavalA meM jo ullekha hai, vaha kAlpanika hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga aura naMdI praznavyAkaraNa ke padoM kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM dete haiM, mAtra saMkhyAtazata-sahastra- aisA ullekha karate haiM, kiMtu naMdIcUrNi evaM samavAyAMgavRtti 13 meM usake padoM kI saMkhyA 9216000 aura dhavalA 14 meM 9316000 batAI gaI hai, jo majho to kAlpanika hI adhika lagatI hai| merI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, naMdI, tattvArtha, rAjavArtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha hai, vaha pUrNataH kAlpanika cAhe na ho, kiMtu usameM satyAMza kama aura kalpanA kA puTa adhika hai| yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya ko lekara koI praznavyAkaraNa avazya banA hogA, phira bhI usameM samavAyAMga aura dhavalA meM varNita samagra viSayavastu evaM camatkArika vidyAeM rahI hoMgI- yaha kahanA kaThina hI hai| - isI saMdarbha meM samavAyAMga ke mUlapATha 'addAgaMguTTa bAhuasimaNi khomaAiccabhAsiyANaM 5 ke artha ke sambaMdha meM bhI yahAM hameM punarvicAra karanA hogaa| kahIM addAga, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, khoma (kSoma) aura Aditya vyakti to nahIM hai, kyoMki inake dvArA bhASita kahane kA kyA artha hai ? sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa kI samIkSA karate hue jaisI ki maiMne sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki kahIM addAga-Ardraka, bAhu-bAhuka, khoma-soma nAmaka RSi to nahIM haiM, kyoMki RSibhASita meM inake ullekha haiN| Aditya bhI koI RSi ho sakate haiM, kevala aMguTTha, asi aura maNi- ye tIna nAma avazya aise haiM, jinake vyakti hone kI sambhAvanA dhUmila hai| .. isa samagra carcA kA phalita to mAtra yahI hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu samaya-samaya para badalatI rahatI hai| kyA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu surakSita hai ? ___yahAM yaha carcA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama aura (59)

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dvitIya saMskAroM kI viSayavastu pUrNata: naSTa ho gaI hai yA vaha Aja bhI pUrNata: yA AMzika rUpa meM surakSita hai| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama saMskaraNa meM RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita ke nAma se jo sAmagrI thI, vaha Aja bhI RSibhASita, jJAtAdharmakathA, sUtrakRtAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana me bahuta kucha surakSita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki IsvI san ke pUrva hI usa sAmagrI ko vahAM se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI ke nAma se svataMtra graMtha ke rUpa meM surakSita kara liyA gayA thaa| jaina paramparA meM aise prayAsa aneka bAra hue haiM, jaba cUlA yA cUlikA ke rUpa meM graMthoM meM navIna sAmagrI jor3I jAtI rahI athavA kisI graMtha kI sAmagrI ko nikAlakara usase eka nayA graMtha banA diyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, kisI samaya nizItha ko AcArAMga kI cUlA ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA aura kAlAMtara meM use vahAM se alaga kara nizItha nAmaka nayA graMtha hI banA diyA gyaa| isI prakAra, AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskaMdha) ke AThaveM adhyAya (paryuSaNakalpa) kI sAmagrI se kalpasUtra nAmaka eka nayA graMtha hI banA diyA gyaa| ataH, yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki pahale praznavyAkaraNa meM isibhAsiyAI ke adhyAya jur3e hoM aura phira una adhyayanoM kI sAmagrI ko vahAM se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI nAmaka svataMtra graMtha astitva meM AyA ho| merA yaha kathana nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai| prathama to donoM nAmoM kI sAmyatA to hai hI, sAtha hI samavAyAMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyekabuddhoM ke kathana haiN| (paNhAvAgaraNadasAsuNaM sasamaya-parasamaya paNNavaya-patteabuddha.... bhAsiyAiNaM, samavAyAMga 547) / isibhAsiyAI ke sambaMdha meM yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki usameM pratyekabuddhoM ke vacana haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, samavAyAMga samaya- parasamaya paNNavaya patteabuddha- arthAt svasamaya aura parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyekabuddha kA ullekha kara isakI puSTi bhI kara detA hai ki ve pratyekabuddha mAtra jaina paramparA ke nahIM hai, apitu anya paramparAoM ke bhI haiN| isibhAsiyAI meM maMkhaligozAla, devanArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, uddAlaka Adi se sambaMdhita adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karate haiN| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa kA prAcInatama adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI isibhAsiMyAI meM

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tathA kucha bhAga sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA aura uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| praznavyAkaraNa kA isibhAsiyAI vAlA aMza vartamAna isibhAsiyAI (RSibhASita), mahAvIrabhAsiyAI meM tathA AyariyabhAsiyAI kA kucha aMza uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM meM surakSita hai| RSibhASita ke tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya kI viSaya sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA ke 14 veM tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza the, isakI puSTi aneka AdhAroM se kI jA sakatI hai| sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayana nAma hI isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha kisI graMtha ke uttara-adhyayanoM se banA huA graMtha hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki isakI viSaya - sAmagrI pUrva meM kisI graMtha kA uttaravartI aMza rahI hogii| isa tathya kI puSTi kA dUsarA kiMtu sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti gAthA 4 meM isa bAta kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA kucha bhAga aMga sAhitya se liyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana niyukti kI isa gAthA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki baMdhana aura mukti se sambaMdhita jinabhASita aura pratyekabuddha ke saMvAdarUpa isake kucha adhyayana aMga graMthoM se lie gae haiN| niyuktikAra kA yaha kathana tIna mukhya bAtoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| prathama to yaha ki uttarAdhyayana ke jo 36 adhyayana haiM, unameM kucha jinabhASita aura pratyekabuddha ke saMvAdarUpa isake kucha adhyayana aMga graMthoM se lie gae haiN| aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki vaha aMga-graMtha kauna-sA thA, jisase uttarAdhyayana ke ye bhAga lie gae haiM? kucha AcAryoM ne dRSTivAda se isake pariSaha Adi adhyAyoM ko lie jAne kI kalpanA kI hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM isakA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| isakI sAmagrI usI graMtha se lI jA sakatI hai, jisameM mahAvIrabhASita aura pratyekabuddhabhASita viSayavastu ho| isa prakAra viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI hI thI, ataH usase hI inheM liyA gayA hogaa| yaha bAta nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki cAhe uttarAdhyayana ke samasta adhyayana to nahIM, kiMtu kucha adhyayana to avazya hI mahAvIra bhASita haiN| eka bAra hama uttarAdhyayana ke 36 veM adhyayana evaM usake aMta meM dI huI usa gAthA ko, jisameM usakA mahAvIrabhASita honA svIkAra kiyA gayA

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hai, paravartI evaM prakSipta mAna bhI leM, kiMtu usake 18 veM adhyayana kI 24 vIM gAthA, jo na kevala isI gAthA ke samarUpa hai, apitu bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI usakI apekSA prAcIna lagatI hai- prakSipta nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana jinabhASita evaM kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke saMvAdarUpa haiM, to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki ve kisa aMga graMtha ke bhAga ho sakate haiN| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra meM usake adhyAyoM ko mahAvIrabhASita evaM pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya pUrva meM praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke adhyAyoM ke vaktA ke rUpa meM dekheM, to spaSTa rUpa se unameM namipavvavajjA kApilIya, saMjayIyA Adi jaise kaI adhyayana pratyekabuddhoM ke saMvAdarUpa milate haiM, jabaki vinayasutta, pariSaha-vibhakti, saMskRta, akAmamaraNIya, kSullakanirgranthIya, dumapatraka, bahuzrutapUjA jaise kucha adhyAya mahAvIrabhASita haiM aura kesI-gautamIya, gaddamIya Adi kucha adhyAya AcAryabhASita kahe jA sakate haiN| ataH, praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskAra kI viSaya- sAmagrI se isa uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAyoM kA nirmANa huA hai| . yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM naMdIsUtra meM uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AyA hai, kiMtu sthAnAMga meM kahIM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke haiM, sthAnAMga hI aisA prathama graMtha hai, jo jaina Agama-sAhitya ke prAcInatama svarUpa kI sUcanA detA hai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM prastuta jaina sAhitya-vivaraNa ke pUrva taka uttarAdhyayana eka svataMtra graMtha ke rUpa meM astitva meM nahIM AyA thA, apitu vaha praznavyAkaraNa ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM thaa| punaH, uttarAdhyayana kA mahAvIrabhASita honA use praznavyAkaraNa ke adhIna mAnane se hI siddha ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 36 apRSTa kA vyAkhyAna karane ke pazcAta 37 veM pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA varNana karate hue bhagavAn parinirvANa ko prApta hue| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue usameM pRSTa, apRSTa aura pRSTApRSTa praznoM kA vivecana honA batAyA gayA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa aura (62)

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uttarAdhyayana kI samarUpatA hai aura uttarAdhyayana meM apRSTa praznoM kA vyAkaraNa hai| hama yaha bhI suspaSTa rUpa se batA cuke haiM ki pUrva meM RSibhASita hI praznavyAkaraNa kA eka bhAga thaa| RSibhASita ko paravartI AcAryoM ne pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bhI kucha adhyayanoM ko pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana evaM RSibhASita eka dUsare se nikaTa rUpa se sambaMdhita the aura kisI eka hI graMtha ke bhAga the| haribhadra (8 vIM zatI) Avazyakaniyukti kI vRtti (8/5) meM RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana ko eka mAnate haiN| terahavIM zatAbdI taka bhI jaina AcAryoM meM aisI dhAraNA calI A rahI thI ki RSibhASita kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| jinaprabhasUri kI vidhimArgaprapA meM, jo 14 vIM zatAbdI kI eka racanA hai- spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke mata meM RSibhASita. kA antarbhAva uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| yadi hama uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samagra rUpa meM eka graMtha mAneM, to aisA lagatA hai ki usa graMtha kA pUrvavartI bhAga RSibhASita aura uttaravartI bhAga uttarAdhyayana kahA jAtA thaa| yaha to huI praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcInatama prathama saMskaraNa kI baat| aba yaha vicAra karanA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa ke nimittazAstra pradhAna dUsare saMskaraNa kI kyA sthiti ho sakatI hai- kyA vaha bhI kisI rUpa meM surakSita hai ? ___jahAM taka nimittazAstra se sambaMdhita praznavyAkaraNa ke dUsare saMskaraNa ke astitva meM hone kA prazna hai- merI dRSTi meM vaha bhI pUrNatayA vilupta nahIM huA hai, apitu mAtra huA yaha hai ki use praznavyAkaraNa se pRthak kara usake sthAna para AzrayadvAra aura saMvaradvAra nAmaka naI viSayavastu DAla dI gaI hai| zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTA ne jinavANI, disambara 1980 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kucha anya graMthoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' ke nAma se eka graMtha muni jinavijayajI ne siMghI jaina graMthamAlA ke graMtha kramAMka 43 meM saMvat 2015 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| yaha graMtha eka prAcIna tAr3apatrIya prati ke AdhAra para prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| tAr3apatrIya prati kharataragaccha ke AcArya zAkhA ke jJAnabhaNDAra jaisalamera se prApta huI thI aura yaha vikrama saMvat 1336 kI (3)

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likhI huI thii| graMtha mUlataH prAkRta bhASA meM hai aura usameM 378 gAthAeM haiM, jo vidyAzrama, vArANasI ke pustakAlaya meM hai| graMtha kA viSaya nimittazAstra se sambaMdhita hai| isI prakAra, jinaratnakoza meM bhI zAMtinAtha bhaNDAra khaMbhAta meM upabladha jayapAhuDa praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka graMtha kI sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai, yadyapi isakI gAthA saMkhyA 228 batAI gaI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka graMtha kI sUcanA hameM nepAla ke mahArAjA kI lAyabrerI se prApta hotI hai| zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTA kI sUcanA ke anusAra isa graMtha kI pratilipi terApantha dharmasaMgha ke AcArya munizrI nathamalajI ne prApta kara lI thii| isa lekha ke prakAzana ke pUrva zrI jauharImalajI pArakha, rAvaTI, jodhapura ke saujanya se isa graMtha kI phoTo kApI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko prApta ho gaI hai| ise abhI pUrA par3hA to nahIM jA sakA hai, kiMtu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para jJAta huA ki isakI mUla gAthAeM to siMghI jaina graMthamAlA ke aMtargata prakAzita kRti ke samAna hI haiM , kiMtu TIkA bhinna hai| isakI eka anya phoTo kApI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda se bhI prApta huI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa kI sUcanA hameM pATana jJAna bhaNDAra kI sUcI se prApta hotI hai| yaha graMtha bhI cUr3AmaNi nAmaka TIkA ke sAtha hai aura TIkA kA graMthAMka 2300 zloka parimANa batAyA gayA hai| yaha prati bhI kAphI purAnI ho sakatI hai| 18 ina saba AdhAroM se aisA lagatA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA nimittazAstra se sambaMdhita saMskaraNa bhI pUrI taraha vilupta nahIM huA hogA, apitu use usase alaga karake surakSita kara liyA gayA ho| yadi koI vidvAn ina saba graMthoM ko lekara unakI viSayavastu ko samavAyAMga, naMdIsUtra evaM dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI ullikhita viSaya sAmagrI ke sAtha milAna kare, to yaha patA cala sakegA ki praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka jo anya graMtha upalabdha haiM, ve praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke hI aMza haiM yA anya haiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki samavAyAMga aura naMdI ke racanAkAla meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kaI graMtha vAcanA-bheda se pracalita hoM aura unameM una sabhI viSayavastu ko samAhita kiyA gayA ho| isa mAnyatA kA eka AdhAra yaha hai ki RSibhASita, samavAyAMga, naMdI evaM anuyogadvAra meM (64)

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vAgaraNagaMthA evaM paNhAvAgaraNAI'- aise bahuvacana prayoga milate haiN| isase aisA lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM vAcanAbheda se yA anya rUpa meM aneka praznavyAkaraNa upasthita rahe hoNge| ina praznavyAkaraNoM kI saMskRta TIkA sahita tAr3apatrIya pratiyAM milanA isa bAta kI avazya sUcaka haiM ki IsA kI cauthI-pAMcavIM zatI meM ye graMtha astitva meM the, kyoMki novIM-dasavIM zatAbdI meM jaba inakI TIkAeM likhI gaIM, to usake pUrva bhI ye graMtha apane mUla rUpa meM rahe hoNge| sambhavataH, IsA kI lagabhaga dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM praznavyAkaraNa meM nimittazAstra sambaMdhI sAmagrI jor3I gaI ho aura phira usameM se RSibhASita kA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura use viziSTa rUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA graMtha banA diyA gyaa| punaH, lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yaha nimittazAstra vAlA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para pAMca Azrava tathA pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vartamAna saMskaraNa rakhA gyaa| jaisA ki maiMne sUcita kiyA ki praznavyAkaraNa ke pUrva ke do saMskaraNa bhI cAhe usase pRthak kara die gae hoM, kiMtu ve RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aura praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka anya nimittazAstra ke graMthoM ke rUpa meM apanA astitva rakha rahe haiN| AzA hai, isa sambaMdha meM vidvadvarga Age aura manthana karake kisI niSkarSa para phuNcegaa| praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu kI samarUpatA kA pramANa RSibhASita aura prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastuoM kI ekarUpatA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hameM RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka 31 veM adhyayana meM mila jAtA hai| isameM pArzva kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI carcA hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM graMthakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNaprabhUti graMthoM meM samAhita isa adhyayana kA aisA dUsarA pATha bhI milatA hai| yaha mUla pATha isa prakAra hai vAgaraNagaMthAoM pabhiti sAmittaM imaM ajjhayaNaM tAva imo bIo pADho dissati 19 isakA tAtparya to yaha hai ki RSibhASita kI viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa

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meM bhI samAhita thii| yadyapi yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hogA ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu se RSibhASita kA nirmANa huA yA RSibhASita kI viSayavastu se praznavyAkaraNa kA, lekina yaha suspaSTa hai ki kisI samaya praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu samAna thI aura unameM kucha pAThAntara bhI the, ata: vartamAna RSibhASita meM prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA honA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM pArzva Adi prAcIna arhat RSiyoM ke dArzanika vicAra evaM upadeza nihita the| praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa kI viSayavastu kI AMzika samAnatA 'praznavyAraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' nAmaka jisa graMtha kA hamane ullekha kiyA hai, usakI viSaya sAmagrI nimittazAstra se sambaMdhita hai| punaH, usameM kartA ne tIsarI gAthA meM 'paNhaM jayapAyaDaM vocchaM' kahakara ke praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa kI samarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| 20 prastuta graMtha kI isI gAthA kI TIkA meM graMtha kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM 'naSTamuSTicintAlAbhAlAbhasukhaduHkhajIvanamaraNa' Adi sambaMdhI prazna haiN| isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki dhavalAkAra ne praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, usakI isase bahuta kucha samAnatA hai| 21 prastuta graMtha ke viSayoM meM muSTivibhAga prakaraNa, naSTikA cakra, saMkhyA pramANa, lAbha prakaraNa, astravibhAga prakaraNa Adi aise haiM, jinakI viSayavastu samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke varNita viSayoM se yatkiMcit samAna ho sakatI hai| 22 durbhAgya yaha hai ki prakAzita hote hue bhI vidvAnoM ko isa graMtha kI jAnakArI nahIM hai| yaha jaina nimittazAstra kA prAcIna evaM pramukha graMtha hai| graMtha kI bhASA ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayA yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha IsvI san kI cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI kI ho sakatI hai| graMtha ke lie prayukta pAyaDa yA pAhuDa zabda se bhI yaha phalita hotA hai ki yaha graMtha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI racanA honA cAhie, kyoMki kasAyapAhuDa evaM kundakunda ke pAhuDa graMtha isI kAlAvadhi ke kucha pUrva kI racanAeM haiN| sUryaprajJapti meM bhI viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa pAhuDoM ke rUpa meM huA hai| ataH, yaha sambhAvanA ho (66)

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sakatI hai ki jayapAyaDa praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA koI rUpa ho, yadyapi isa sambaMdha meM aMtima rUpa se tabhI kucha kahA jA sakatA hai, jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se milane vAlI sabhI racanAeM hamAre samakSa upasthita hoM aura inakA prAmANika rUpa se adhyayana kiyA jaae| viSaya -sAmagrI meM parivartana kyoM? yadyapi yahAM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki prathama RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita Adi bhAga ko haTAkara usameM nimittazAstra sambaMdhI vivaraNa rakhanA aura phira nimittazAstra sambaMdhI vivaraNa haTAkara AzravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra sambaMdhI vivaraNa rakhanA- yaha saba.kyoM huA ? sarvaprathama RSibhASita Adi bhAga kyoM haTAyA gayA ? merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki RSibhASita meM adhikAMzataH ajaina paramparA ke RSiyoM ke upadeza evaM vicAra saMkalita the, isake paThana-pAThana se eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa to hotA thA, kiMtu jainadharma saMgha ke prati aTUTa zraddhA khaMDita hotI thI tathA pariNAmasvarUpa saMghIya vyavasthA ke lie apekSita dhArmika kaTTaratA aura AsthA Tika nahIM pAtI thii| isase dharmasaMgha ko khatarA thaa| punaH, yaha yuga camatkAroM dvArA logoM ko apane dharmasaMgha ke prati AkarSita karane aura unakI dhArmika zraddhA ko dRr3ha karane kA thA, cUMki tatkAlIna jaina paramparA ke sAhitya meM isakA abhAva thA, ataH use jor3anA jarUrI thaa| samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa sambaMdhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM, usase bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai- usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki logoM ko jinapravacana meM sthita karane ke lie, unakI mati ko vismRta karane ke lie, sarvajJa ke vacanoM meM vizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie isameM mahApraznavidyA, manaHpraznavidyA, devaprayAga Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka ora nimittazAstra ko pApasUtra kahA gayA, kiMtu saMghahita ke lie dUsarI ora use aMga Agama meM sammilita kara liyA gayA, kyoMki jaba taka use aMga sAhitya kA bhAga banAkara jinapraNIta nahIM kahA jAtA, taba taka logoM kI AsthA usa para Tika nahIM pAtI aura jinapravacana kI atizayatA prakaTa nahIM hotii| ataH, praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM parivartana karane kA doharA lAbha thA, eka ora (67)

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anyatIrthika RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko usase alaga kiyA jA sakatA thA aura dUsarI ora usameM nimittazAstra sambaMdhI naI sAmagrI jor3akara usakI prAmANikatA ko bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA thA, kiMtu jaba paravartI AcAryoM ne isakA durupayoga hote dekhA hogA aura munivarga ko sAdhanA se virata hokara inhIM naimittika vidyAoM kI upAsanA meM rata dekhA hogA, to unhoMne yaha naimittika vidyAoM se yukta vivaraNa usase alaga kara usameM pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vivaraNa rakha diyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva evaM jJAnavimala ne bhI viSaya-parivartana ke lie yahI tarka svIkAra kiyA hai| 23 praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kaba usase alaga kara dI gaI aura usake sthAna para pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra-rUpa navIna viSayavastu rakha dI gaI, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| abhayadevasari ne apanI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM bhI yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM inameM sUcita viSayavastu upalabdha nahIM hai| 24 mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAle vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa para hI TIkA likhI hai, ataH vartamAna saMskaraNa kI nimnatama sImA abhayadeva ke kAla arthAt IsvI san 1080 se pUrvavartI honA caahie| punaH, abhayadeva ne praznavyAkaraNa meM eka zrutaskaMdha hai yA do zrutaskaMdha haiM, isa samasyA ko uThAte hue apanI vRtti kI pUrvapIThikA meM apane se pUrvavartI AcArya kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai- 'do suyasaMghA paNNattA AsavadArA ya saMvaradArA y|' abhayadeva ne pUrvAcArya kI mAnyatA ko asvIkAra bhI kiyA hai aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha do zrutaskaMdhoM kI mAnyatA rUr3ha nahIM hai| sambhavataH, unhoMne apanA eka zrutaskaMdha sambaMdhI mata samavAyAMga aura naMdI ke AdhAra para banAyA ho| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki abhayadeva ke pUrva bhI praznavyAkaraNa ke vartamAna saMskaraNa para prAkRta bhASA meM hI koI vyAkhyA likhI gaI thI, jisameM do zrutaskaMdha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA gayA thaa| usakA kAla abhayadeva se dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI pUrva arthAt IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga avazya rahA hogaa| punaH, AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne naMdIsUtra para zaka saMvat 598 arthAt IsvI san 676 meM apanI carNi samApta kI thii| usa

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cUrNi meM unhoMne praznavyAkaraNa meM paMcasaMvarAdi kI vyAkhyA hone kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| 26 isase bhI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki IsvI san 676 ke pUrva praznavyAkaraNa kA paMcasaMvaradvAroM se yukta saMskaraNa prasAra meM A gayA thA, arthAt AgamoM ke lekhanakAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga sau varSa kI avadhi meM vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM avazya A gayA thaa| prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kI prathama gAthA, jisameM vocchAmi' kahakara graMtha ke kathana kA nizcaya sUcita kiyA gayA hai, kI racanA zeSa sabhI aMga AgamoM ke prArambhika kathana se bilakula bhinna hai| yaha pAMcavIM-chaThavIM zatAbdI meM racita graMthoM kI prathama prAkkathana gAthA ke samAna hI hai| ataH, prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kA racanAkAla IsA kI chaThavIM zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaha praznavyAkaraNa, jisameM usakI viSayavastu RSibhASita kI viSayavastu ke samarUpa thI, prAcInatama saMskaraNa hai, jo lagabhaga IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanA hogI, phira IsA kI dUsarItIsarI zatAbdI meM usameM nimittazAstra sambaMdhI vivaraNa jur3e, jinakI sUcanA usake sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa se milatI hai| isake pazcAt IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM RSibhASita Adi bhAga alaga kie gae aura use nimittazAstra kA graMtha banA diyA, samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa isakA sAkSI hai| isa kAla meM praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se vAcanAbheda se aneka graMtha astitva meM the, aisI bhI sUcanA hameM Agama sAhitya se mila jAtI hai| lagabhaga IsA kI chaThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM ina graMthoM ke sthAna para vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa-sUtra kA Azrava evaM saMvara ke vivecana se yukta vaha saMskaraNa astitva meM AyA hai, jo vartamAna meM hameM upalabdha hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNa kA aMtima saMskaraNa hai| jahAM taka praznavyAkaraNa ke uparyukta do prAcIna lupta saMskaraNoM kI viSayavastu kA prazna hai, usameM se prathama saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu adhikAMza rUpa se evaM kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha vartamAna meM upalabdha RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI), uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga evaM jJAtAdharmakathA meM samAhita hai| dvitIya nimittazAstra sambaMdhI saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu, jayapAyaDa aura praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se upalabdha anya nimittazAstroM ke graMthoM meM ho sakatI

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hai| yadyapi isa sambaMdha meM vizeSarUpa se zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| AzA hai vidvadjana isa dizA meM dhyAna deNge| saMdarbha1. paNhAvAgaraNesu aTuttaraM pasiNasayaM aTThattaraM apasiNasayaM aTThattaraM pasiNApasiNasayaM vijAisayA nAga-suvannehiM siddhaM divva saMvAyA aaghvijNti| - samavAyAMgasUtra, 546 . vAgaraNagaMthAo pbhiti..........| -isibhAsiyAI-31 / pANhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahAM-uvamA, saMkha, isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI, mahAvIrabhAsiyAI, khomagapasiNaiM, komalapasiNAI, addAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, baahupsinnaaii| - sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/116 se kiM taM paNhAvAgaraNANi ? paNhAvAgaraNesu aTTattaraM pasiNasayaM aTThattaraM apasiNasayaM, aTThattaraM siNApasiNasayaM vijAisayA nAga-suvannehiM saddhiM divvA saMvAyA aaghvijNti| paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya-parasamayaM paNNavaya-patte abuddhavivihatthabhAsA-bhAsiyANaM aisayaguNa-uvasama-NANappagAraAyariyabhAsiyANaM vittheNaM, vIramahesIhiM vivihavittharabhAsiyANaM ca jagahiyANaM addAgaMguTTha-bAhu-asi -maNi-khoma- AiccabhAsiyANaM vivihamahApasiNavijA -maNapasiNavijA- devayapayoga- pahANa - guNappagAsiyANaM sabbhUyaduguNappabhAva - naragaNamaivimhayakarANaM aisayamaIyakAlasamaya -dama-sama-titthakaruttamassa ThiikaraNakAraNANaM durahigama-duravagAhassa savvasavvannusammaassa abuha-jaNa - vibohaNakarassa paccakkhayapaccayakarANaM paNhANaM vivihaguNamahatthA jiNavarappaNIyA aaghvijNti|

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paNhAvAgaraNesu NaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhejA aNuogadArA, saMkhejAo paDivattIo, saMkhejA veDhA, saMkhejA silogA, saMjAo nijuttIo, saMkhejAo sNghnniio| se NaM aMgaTThayAe dasame aMge, ege suyakkhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, paNayAlIsaM samuddesaNakAlA, saMkhejANi payasayasahassANi payaggeNaM pnnnnttaaii| saMkhejA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA pajavA, parittA tasA, aNaMtA thAvarA, sAsayA kaDA NibaddhA NikAiyA jiNapaNNatA bhAvA AghavijaMti paNNavinaMti paruvijaMti niMdasinjati uvdNsijNti| se evaM AyA, se evaM NAyA,evaM viNNAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNayA aaghvijNti| se ttaM paNhAvAgaraNAI 10 / - samavAyAMgasUtra, 546-549 / se kiMtaM paNhAvAgaraNAiM? paNhAvAgaraNesuNaM-aTThattaraM pasiNasayaM, aTThattaraM apasiNasayaM, aTThattara pasiNApaNisayaM, taMjahA-aMguTTapasiNAI, bAhupasiNAI adAgapasiNAI, annevi vicittA vijAisayA, nAgasuvaNNehiM saddhiM divvA saMvAyA aaghvijnti| paNhAvAgaraNANaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhejA aNuogadArA, saMkhejA veDhA, saMkhejA silogA, saMkhejAo, nijuttIo, saMkhejAo, saMgahaNIo, saMkhejAo, pddivttiio| se NaM aMgaThThayAe dasavame aMge, ege suyakkhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM ajjhayaNA, paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, paNayAlIsaM samuddesaNakAlA, saMkhejAI payasahassAiM payaggeNaM, saMkhejA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA pajavA, parittA tasA, aNantA thAvarA, sAsayakaDanibaddhanikAiyA jiNapaNNattA bhAvA Apavijanti, paNNavijanti, parUvijanti, daMsijanti, nidaMsijanti, uvdNsijnti| se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA evaM viNNAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNA AghavijaI, sattaM pnnhaavaagrnnaaii| - naMdIsUtra, 54 AkSepavikSepaihetunayAzritAnAM praznAnAM vyAkaraNaM praznavyAkaraNam, 7. AkSaNa

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tasmillaukikavaidikAnAmarthAnAM nirnnyH| - tattvArthavArtika, 1/20 (pR.73-74) . akkhevaNI vikkhevaNI saMveyaNI NivveyaNI cedi cauvvihAo kahAo vaNNedi tattha akkhevaNI nAma chaddavva-Nava payatthANaM sarUvaM digaMtarasamayAMtara-NirAkaraNaM muddhiM kareMtI pruuvedi| vikkhevaNI NAma parasamaeNa sasamaya dUsaMtI pacchA digaMtarasuddhiM karatI sasamayaM thAvaMtI chaddavvA-Navapayatthe pruuvedi| saMveyaNI NAma punnnnphlsNkhaa| kANi puNNaphalANi? titthyr-gnnhr-risi-ckkvtttti-bldev-sur-vijaahrriddhiio| NivveyaNI NAma paavphlsNkhaa| kANi pAvapha lANi ? Nirayatiriya-kumANusujoNIsu, jaai-jraa-mrnn-vaahi-veynnaadaaliddaadiinni| saMsArasarIrabhogesu veragguppAhaNI NivveyaNINA ....... / paNhAo hada-naTTha-muTThi-ciMtAlAhAlAha-suha-dukkha-jIviya - maraNa-jaya-parAjaya-NAma-davvAsu-saMkhaM ca pruuvedi| - dhavalA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pR. 107-8 vAgaraNagaMthAo pabhiti jAva sAmittaM imaM ajjhayaNaM tAva imo bIo pADho dissati, taMjahAH . ___ - isibhAsiyAI. adhyAya 31 navavihe pAvasuyapasaMge paNNatte, taM jahAuppAe, nemittae, matte, Aikkhae, tigicchiie| kalAvaraNa-annANe, micchApAvayaNattiyAM - sthAnAMga, sthAna 9 patteyabuddhamisiNo bIsaM titthe aritttthnnemiss| pAsassa ya paNNarasa vIrassa viliinnmohss|| - isibhAsiyAI, paDhamA saMgrahaNI, gAthA, 1 12 coyalIsaM ajjhayaNA isibhAsiyA diyalogacuyA bhAsiyA pnnnnttaa| - samavAyAMgasUtra, 44/258 13. aMgaTThAe dasame aMge, ege suakhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM ajjhynnaa| . _ - naMdIsUtra-54 (72) 10. 11.

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14. (ka) padaggaM bANautiMlakkhA solasa ya shssaa| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 70 (kha) dvinavatilakSANi SoDaza ca shsraannii| - samavAyAMgavRtti 15. , paNhavAyaraNo NAma aMga tennudilkkh-solsshsspdehi| - dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR. 104 16. samavAyAMga, 547 17. samavAyAMga, 547 18. praznavyAkaraNa, jayaprAbhRta, (graMtha 228), jaina graMthAvalI, pR. 355 (a) cUDAmaNivRtti (graMtha 2300), pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR.8 (ba) lIlAvatI TIkA, pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR. 8 evaM inTroDakzana, pR.6 (sa) pradarzanajyotirvRtti, pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR.8 evaM inTroDakzana, pR. 6 bRhadavRttiTippaNikA (jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, pUnA 19,5, kramAMka 560), jaina graMthAvalI, pR. 355 19. jinaratnakoza, pR. 274 isibhAsiyAi (zubriga) adhyAya 31, pR. 69 mahamAhappuppAyaM bhuvaNanbhaMtarapavaMta (vatta) vaavaarN| aisayapuNNaM NANaM, paNhaM jayapAyaDaM vocch| - - praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram 3 22. naSTamuSTicintA - lAbhAlAbha - sukha - duHkha jIvita-maraNAbhivyajaM ktvm| - praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram, TIkA tulanIya paNhAdo hada-naTTha-puTThi-ciMtA-lAhAlAhasuha-dukkha - jIviya-maraNajatha-NAma-davvAyu-saMkhaM ca pruuvedi| - dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR.107-8 23.. praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram, prakaraNa 14,17, 21, 38

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24.(a) atizayAnAM pUrvAcAyairedaMyugInAnAmapuSTA - lambanapratiSevirUSA- pekssyottaarittvaaditi| - praznavyAkaraNavRtti (abhayadeva) prArambha (ba) pUrvAcAryaredayugInapurUSANAM tathAvidhahInahInatarapANDityabala buddhivIryApekSayApuSTAlambanamuddizya praznAdividhAsthAne paMcAzrava saMvararUpaM smuttaaritm| - praznavyAkaraNa TIkA (jJAnavimala), prArambha 25.(a)praznAnAM vidyAvizeSANAM yAni vyAkaraNAni teSAM pratipAdanaparA dazA dazAdhyayanapratibaddhAH graMthapaddhataya iti prshnvyaakrnndshaaH| ayaM ca vyutpatyartho'sya puurvkaalebhuut| idAnIM tvAzravapaMcakasaMvarApaMcakavyAkRte revehoplbhyte| - praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva), prArambha (ba)praznAH aMguSThAdipraznavidyA vyAkri yante abhighIyante asminniti praznavyAkaraNam etAdRzaM pUrvakAle'bhUta idAnIM tu Azrava-saMvarapaMcakavyAkRtireva lbhyte| ___ - praznavyAkaraNa TIkA (jJAnavimala) prArambha zakarAjJo paMcasu varSazateSu vyatikrAnteSu aSTanavateSu naMdyadhyayanacUrNI smaaptaa|| - naMdIcUrNi (prAkRta-TeksTa-sosAyaTI) pAThAntara-sakarAkrAnteSu paMcasu varSazateSu nandyadhyayanacUrNI smaaptaa|| ___ - naMdIcUrNi (RSabhadeva kezarImala, ratalAma) 27. tamhi paNhAvAgaraNe aMge paMcAsavadArAI vA vyAkhyeyAH parappavAdiNo y| - NaMdIsuttacUNNi, pR. 69 26.

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jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prAcInatama saMkalana : RSibhASita jaina Agama-sAhitya meM RSibhASita kA sthAna RSibhASita-(isibhAsiyAI) ardhamAgadhI jaina Agama-sAhitya kA eka prAcInatama graMtha hai| vartamAna meM jaina AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI jo paddhati pracalita hai, usameM ise prakIrNaka graMthoM ke aMtargata vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM 12 aMga aura 14 aMgabAhya mAne gae haiM, kiMtu unameM RSibhASita kA ullekha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI, jo 32 Agama mAnate haiM, unameM bhI RSibhASita kA ullekha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 2 cUlikAsUtra aura 10 prakIrNaka- aise jo 45 Agama mAne jAte haiM, unameM bhI 10 prakIrNakoM meM hameM kahIM RSibhASita kA nAma nahIM miltaa| yadyapi naMdIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra meM jo kAlikasUtroM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai, unameM RSibhASita kA ullekha hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya meM aMgabAhya graMthoM kI jo sUcI dI hai, usameM sarvaprathama sAmAyika Adi 6 graMthoM kA ullekha hai aura usake pazcAt dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazA (AcAradazA), kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha aura RSibhASita kA ullekha hai| 2 haribhadra Avazyakaniryakti kI vRtti meM eka sthAna para isakA ullekha uttarAdhyayana ke sAtha karate haiM aura dUsare sthAna para 'deviMdathaya' nAmaka prakIrNaka ke saath| haribhadra ke isa bhrama kA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki unake sAmane RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) ke sAtha-sAtha RSimaNDalastava (isimaNDalathau) nAmaka graMtha bhI thA, jisakA ullekha AcArAMgacUrNi meM hai aura unakA uddezya RSibhASita ko uttarAdhyayana ke sAtha aura RSimaNDalastava ko 'deviMdathaya ke sAtha jor3ane kA hogaa| yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki isimaNDala (RSimaNDala) meM na kevala RSibhASita ke aneka RSiyoM kA ullekha hai, apitu isibhAsiyAI meM unake jo upadeza aura adhyAya haiM, unakA bhI saMketa hai| isase yaha bhI nizcita hotA hai ki isimaNDala kA kartA RSibhASita se avagata thaa|

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mAtra yahI nahIM, RSimaNDala meM to krama aura nAmabheda ke sAtha RSibhASita ke lagabhaga sabhI RSiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isimaNDala kA ullekha AcArAMgacUrNi 'isiNAmakittaNaM isimaNDalatthau' (pR. 374) meM hone se yaha nizcita hI usake pUrva (sAtavIM zatI) kA graMtha hai| vidvAnoM ko isa sambaMdha meM vizeSa rUpa se ciMtana karanA caahie| isimaNDala ke sambaMdha meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki vaha tapAgaccha ke dharmaghoSasUri kI racanA hai, kiMtu yaha dhAraNA mujhe bhrAMta pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki ye 14 vIM zatI ke AcArya haiN| vastutaH, isimaNDala kI bhASA se bhI aisA lagatA hai ki yaha prAcIna graMtha hai aura isakA lekhaka RSibhASita kA jJAtA hai| AcArya jinaprabha ne vidhimArgaprapA meM tapa ArAdhanA ke sAtha AgamoM ke svAdhyAya kI jisa vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai, usameM prakIrNakoM meM RSibhASita kA ullekha karake prakIrNaka adhyayana krama vidhi ko samApta kiyA hai| unhoMne jina prakIrNakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM RSibhASita bhI samAhita hai| isa prakAra, vargIkaraNa kI pracalita paddhati meM RSibhASita kI gaNanA prakIrNaka sUtroM meM kI jA sakatI hai| prAcInakAla meM jaina paramparA meM ise eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha mAnA jAtA thaa| Avazyakaniyukti meM bhadrabAhu RSibhASita para bhI niyukti likhane kI pratijJA karate haiM, vartamAna meM yaha niyukti upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| Aja to yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai ki yaha niyukti likhI gaI thI yA nahIM, yadyapi isimaNDala', jisakA ullekha AcArAMgacUrNi meM hai, isase sambaMdhita avazya pratIta hotA hai| ina sabase itanA to siddha ho jAtA hai ki RSibhASita eka samaya taka jaina paramparA kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha rahA hai| sthAnAMga meM isakA ullekha praznavyAkaraNadazA ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM huA hai| samavAyAMga isake 44 adhyayanoM kA ullekha karatA hai| " naMdIsUtra, pAkSikasUtra Adi meM isakI gaNanA kAlikasUtroM meM kI gaI hai| Avazyakaniyukti ise dharmakathAnuyoga kA graMtha kahatI hai (AvazyakaniyuktihAribhadrIyavRtti, pR.206)| ...RSibhASita kA racanAkrama evaM kAla... yaha graMtha apanI bhASA, chandayojanA aura viSayavastu kI dRSTi se arddhamAgadhI jaina Agama graMthoM meM atiprAcIna hai| merI dRSTi meM yaha graMtha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha se

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kiMcit paravartI tathA sUtrakRtAMga uttarAdhyayayana evaM dazavaikAlika jaise prAcIna Agama graMthoM kI apekSA pUrvavartI siddha hotA hai| itanA sunizcita hai ki isakI chandayojanA, zailI evaM bhASA atyaMta prAcIna hai| merI dRSTi meM isaka vartamAna svarUpa bhI kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA pUrva tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se paravartI siddha nahIM hotA hai| sthAnAMga meM prApta sUcanA ke anusAra yaha graMtha prArambha meM praznavyAkaraNadazA kA eka bhAga thA, sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNadazA kI jo dasa dazAeM varNita haiM, unameM RSibhASita kA bhI ullekha hai| samavAyAMga isake 44 adhyayana hone kI bhI sUcanA detA hai, ataH yaha inakA pUrvavartI to avazya hI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM nami, bAhuka, rAmaputta, asitadevala, dvaipAyana, parAzara Adi RSiyoM kA evaM unakI AcAragata mAnyatAoM kA kiMcit nirdeza hai| inheM tapodhana aura mahApuruSa kahA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki ye pUrva RSi isa. (Arhat pravacana) meM 'sammata' mAne gae haiN| inhoMne (sacitta) bIja aura pAnI kA sevana karake bhI mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| ataH, pahalA prazna yahI uThatA hai ki inheM sammAnita rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM sUtrakRtAMga ke pahale kisa graMtha meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM kevala RSibhASita hI eka aisA graMtha hai, jisameM inheM sammAnita rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gyaa| sUtrakRtAMga kI gAthA kA 'iha-sammatA' zabda svayaM sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA RSibhASita ke pUrva astitva kI sUcanA detA hai| jJAtavya hai ki sUtrakRtAMga aura RSibhASita- donoM meM jainetara paramparA ke aneka RSiyoM, yathA asitadevala, bAhuka Adi kA sammAnita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi donoM kI bhASA evaM zailI bhI mukhyataH padyAtmaka hI hai, phira bhI bhASA ke dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kI bhASA bhI RSibhASita kI apekSA paravartI kAla kI lagatI hai, kyoMki usakI bhASA mahArASTI prAkRta ke nikaTa hai, jabaki RSibhASita kI bhASA kucha paravartI parivartana ko chor3akara prAcIna arddhamAgadhI hai| punaH, jahAM sUtrakRtAMga meM itara dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA kI gaI hai, vahAM RSibhASita meM itara paramparA ke RSiyoM kA sammAnita rUpa meM hI ullekha huA hai| yaha sunizcita satya hai ki yaha graMtha jainadharma evaM saMgha ke suvyavasthita hone ke pUrva likhA gayA thaa| isa graMtha ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa

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rUpa se pratIta hotA hai ki isake racanAkAla taka jaina saMgha meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA pUrNataH abhAva thaa| maMkhaligozAlaka aura usakI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hameM jaina Agama sUtrakRtAMga 10, bhagavatI 11 aura upAsakadazAMga meM aura bauddha paramparA ke suttanipAta, dIghanikAya ke sAmajaphlasutta Adi meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM yadyapi spaSTataH maMkhaligozAlaka kA ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu usake Ardraka nAmaka adhyayana meM niyativAda kI samAlocanA avazya hai| yadi hama sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to bhagavatI kA maMkhaligozAlaka vAlA prakaraNa sUtrakRtAMga aura upAsakadazAMga kI apekSA bhI paryApta paravartI siddha hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga, upAsakadazAMga aura pAlitripiTaka ke aneka graMtha maMkhaligozAlaka ke niyativAda ko prastuta karake usakA khaNDana karate haiM, phira bhI jaina Agama graMthoM kI apekSA suttanipAta meM maMkhaligozAlaka kI gaNanA buddha ke samakAlIna chaH tIrthakaroM meM karake unake mahattva aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA varNana avazya kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu pAlitripiTaka ke prAcInatama graMtha suttanipAta kI apekSA bhI RSibhASita meM use arhatRSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| ataH, dhArmika udAratA kI dRSTi se RSibhASita kI racanA pAlitripiTaka kI apekSA bhI prAcIna hai, kyoMki kisI bhI dharmasaMgha ke suvyavasthita hone ke pazcAt hI usameM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA vikAsa ho pAtA hai| RSibhASita spaSTa rUpa se yaha sUcita karatA hai ki usakI racanA jainaparamparA ke sAmpradAyika abhiniveza Ane ke bahuta pUrva ho cukI thii| kevala AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jaina Agama-graMthoM meM yaha dhArmika abhiniveza nyUnAdhika rUpa meM avazya parilakSita hotA hai, ataH RSibhASita kevala AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jainAgamoM se prAcIna siddha hotA hai| bhASA, chandayojanA Adi kI dRSTi se bhI yaha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke madhya meM hI siddha hotA hai| bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM prAcInatama graMtha suttanipAta hai'5, kiMtu usameM bhI vaha udAratA nahIM hai, jo RSibhASita meM hai| tripiTaka sAhitya meM RSibhASita (7)

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meM ullikhita kucha RSiyoM, yathA- nArada, 16 asitadevala,17 piMga,18 maMkhaliputra, saMjaya 0 (velaTTiputta), varddhamAna" (niggathaM nAtaputta), kummAputtara Adi ke ullekha haiM, kiMtu ina sabhI ko buddha se nimna hI batAyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve graMtha sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se mukta nahIM haiM, ataH yaha unakA bhI pUrvavartI hI hai| RSibhASita meM ullikhita aneka gAthAMza aura gAthAeM bhAva, bhASA aura zabdayojanA kI dRSTi se jaina paramparA ke sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika aura bauddha paramparA ke suttanipAta, dhammapada Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM pAI jAtI hai, ata: unakI racanA-zailI kI apekSA bhI yaha pUrvavartI hI siddha hotA hai| yadyapi yaha tarka diyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ye gAthAeM evaM vicAra bauddhagraMtha suttanipAta evaM jainagraMtha uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika se RSibhASita meM gae haiM, kiMtu yaha bAta isalie samucita nahIM hai ki prathama to RSibhASita kI bhASA, chanda-yojanA Adi ina graMthoM kI apekSA prAcInakAla kI hai aura AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha tathA suttanipAta ke adhika nikaTa hai| dUsare, jahAM RSibhASita meM ina vicAroM ko anya paramparAoM ke RSiyoM ke sAmAnya siddhAMta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vahAM bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya aura jaina sAhitya meM inheM apanI paramparA se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, AdhyAtmika kRSi kI carcA RSibhASita 23 meM do bAra aura suttanipAta meM eka bAra huI hai, kiMtu jahAM suttanipAta meM buddha kahate haiM ki maiM isa prakAra kI AdhyAtmika kRSi karatA hUM, vahAM RSibhASita kA RSi kahatA hai ki jo bhI isa prakAra kI kRSi karegA, vaha cAhe brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zUdra ho, mukta hogaa| ataH, RSibhASita AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko chor3akara jaina aura bauddha paramparA ke anya graMthoM kI apekSA prAcIna hI siddha hotA hai| _ bhASA kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha bhI pAte haiM ki RSibhASita meM arddhamAgadhI prAkRta kA prAcInatama rUpa bahuta kucha surakSita hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, RSibhASita meM AtmA ke lie AtA' kA prayoga huA hai, jabaki jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhI attA, appA, AdA, AyA Adi zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai, jo ki paravartI prayoga hai| 'ta' vyaMjana kI bahulatA nizcita rUpa se isa graMtha

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ko uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA pUrvavartI siddha karatI hai, kyoMki uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA meM 'ta' ke lopa kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| RSibhASita meM jANati, paritappati, gacchatI, vijjatI, vaTThatI, pavattatI Adi rUpoM kA prayoga bahulatA se milatA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhASA aura viSayavastu- donoM kI hI dRSTi se yaha eka pUrvavartI graMtha hai| agaMdhana kula ke sarpa kA rUpaka hameM uttarAdhyayayana 25, dazavakAlika 26 aura RSibhASita 27 -tInoM meM milatA hai, kitu tInoM sthAnoM ke ullekhoM ko dekhane para yaha spaSTa rUpa se jJAta ho jAtA haiM ki RSibhASita kA yaha ullekha uttarAdhyayana tathA dazavaikAlika kI apekSA atyadhika prAcIna hai, kyoMki RSibhASita meM muni ko apane patha se vicalita na hone ke lie isakA mAtra eka rUpaka ke rUpa meM prayoga huA hai, jabaki dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana meM yaha rUpaka rAjamatI aura rathanemi kI kathA ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| isI prakAra, AdhyAtmika kRSi kA rUpaka RSibhASita ke adhyAya 26 evaM 32 meM aura suttanipAta adhyAya 4 meM hai, kiMtu suttanipAta meM jahAM buddha svayaM kahate haiM ki maiM kRSi karatA hUM, vahAM RSibhASita meM vaha eka sAmAnya upadeza hai, jisake aMta meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo isa prakAra kI kRSi karatA hai, vaha siddha (sijhaMti) hotA hai, phira cAhe vaha brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zUdra ho, ataH RSibhASita suttanipAta, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika kI apekSA prAcIna hai| isa prakAra, RSibhASita AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kA paravartI aura zeSa sabhI arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya kA pUrvavartI graMtha hai| isI prakAra, pAlitripiTaka ke prAcInatama graMtha suttanipAta kI apekSA bhI prAcIna hone se yaha sampUrNa pAlitripiTaka se bhI pUrvavartI kahA jA sakatA hai| jahAM taka isameM varNita aitihAsika RSiyoM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para kAlanirNaya karane kA prazna hai, kevala vajIputta ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI RSi mahAvIra aura buddha se yA to pUrvavartI haiM, yA unake samakAlika haiN| pAlitripiTaka ke AdhAra para vajjIyaputta (vAtsIyaputra) bhI buddha ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna hI haiM, ve AnaMda ke nikaTa the| vajIputrIya sampradAya bhI buddha ke nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI meM hI astitva meM A gayA thA, ataH, inakA buddha ke laghuvayaska

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samakAlIna honA siddha hai| ataH aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI RSibhASita' buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI meM hI nirmita ho gayA hogA, yaha sambhava hai, isameM bAda meM kucha parivartana huA ho| merI dRSTi meM yaha isake racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA I.pU. pAMcavIM zatAbdI aura aMtima sImA I.pU. tIsarI zatI ke bIca hI hai, ata: yaha isase adhika paravartI nahIM hai| mujho aMtaH aura bAhya sAkSyoM meM koI bhI aisA tattva nahIM milA, jo ise isa kAlAvadhi se paravartI siddha kre| dArzanika vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI hama isameM na to jaina siddhAMtoM kA aura na bauddha siddhAMtoM kA vikasita rUpa pAte haiM, mAtra paMcAstikAya aura aSTavidha karma kA nirdeza hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ye avadhAraNAeM pArvApatyoM meM pracalita rahI hoM aura vahIM se mahAvIra kI paramparA meM grahaNa kI gaI hoN| pariSaha, kaSAya Adi kI avadhAraNAeM to prAcIna hI haiN| RSibhASita ke vAtsIyaputra, mahAkAzyapa, sAriputra Adi bauddha RSiyoM ke upadeza meM bhI kevala bauddha dharma ke prAcIna siddhAMta saMtativAda, kSaNikavAda Adi hI milate haiM, ataH bauddha dRSTi se bhI yaha jainAgama evaM pAlitripiTaka se prAcIna siddha hotA hai| RSibhASita kI racanA ___ RSibhASita kI racanA ke sambaMdha meM pro. zubriga evaM anya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha mUlataH pArzva kI paramparA meM nirmita huA hogA, kyoMki usa paramparA kA spaSTa prabhAva prathama adhyAya meM dekhA jAtA hai, jahAM brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko eka sAtha mAnakara use cAturyAma kI vyavasthA ke anurUpa DhAlA gayA hai| punaH, pArzva kA vistRta adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko puSTa karatA hai, dUsare, ise pArzva kI paramparA kA mAnane kA eka AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki pArzva kI paramparA apekSAkRta adhika udAra thii| usakI anya parivrAjaka aura zramaNa paramparAoM se AcAra-vyavahAra Adi meM bhI adhika nikaTatA thii| pAApatyoM ke mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praveza ke sAtha yaha graMtha mahAvIra kI paramparA meM AyA aura unakI paramparA meM nirmita dazAoM meM praznavyAkaraNadazA ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| (81)

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RSibhASita kA praznavyAkaraNa se pRthakkaraNa - aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki kyoM pahale to use praznavyAkaraNadazA meM DAlA gayA aura bAda meM use usase alaga kara diyA gayA ? merI dRSTi meM pahale to vizuddha rUpa se AdhyAtmika upadezoM kA saMkalana hone se ise apane Agama-sAhitya meM sthAna dene meM mahAvIra kI paramparA ke AcAryoM ko koI bAdhA pratIta nahIM huI hogI, kiMtu jaba jaina saMgha suvyavasthita huA aura usakI apanI eka paramparA bana gaI, to anya paramparAoM ke RSiyoM ko AtmasAt karanA usake lie kaThina ho gyaa| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa se RSibhASita ko alaga karanA koI Akasmika ghaTanA nahIM hai, apitu eka uddezyapUrNa ghaTanA hai| yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki eka ora to sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI 30 aura upAsakadazAMga 31 meM maMkhaligozAlaka kI tathA jJAtAdharma 32 meM nArada kI AlocanA karate hue unake caritra ke hanana kA prayatna kiyA jAe aura dUsarI ora unheM arhat RSi kahakara unake upadezoM ko Agama vacana ke rUpa meM surakSita rakhA jaae| IsA kI prathama zatI taka jainasaMgha kI zraddhA ko TikAe rakhane kA prazna pramukha bana gayA thaa| nArada, maMkhaligozAlaka, yAjJavalkya, sAriputra Adi ko arhat RSi mAnakara unake vacanoM ko tIrthaMkara kI Agama vANI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA kaThina ho gayA thA, yadyapi ise bhI jaina AcAryoM kA saujanya hI kahA jAnA cAhie ki unhoMne RSibhASita ko praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karake bhI prakIrNaka graMtha ke rUpa meM use surakSita rakhA, sAtha hI usakI prAmANikatA ko banAe rakhane ke lie use pratyekabuddhabhASita maanaa| yadyapi sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ne itanA avazya kiyA ki usameM ullikhita pArzva, varddhamAna, maMkhalitaputra Adi ko Agama meM varNita unhIM vyaktitvoM se bhinna kahA jAne lgaa| RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ko pratyekabuddha kyoM kahA gayA ? RSibhASita ke mUlapATha meM ketaliputra ko RSi, aMbaDa (25) ko parivrAjaka, piMga (32), RSigiri (34) evaM zrIgiri ko brAhmaNa (mAhaNa) parivrAjaka arhatRSi, sAriputra ko buddha arhat RSi tathA zeSa sabhI ko arhat RSi ke nAma se sambodhita kiyaa| utkaTa (utkala) nAmaka adhyayana meM vaktA ke (82)

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nAma kA ullekha hI nahIM hai, ataH usake sAtha koI vizeSaNa hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| yadyapi RSibhASita ke aMta meM prApta hone vAlI saMgrahaNI gAthA meM 33 evaM RSimaNDala meM ina sabako pratyekabuddha kahA gayA hai tathA yaha bhI ullekha hai ki inameM se bIsa ariSTanemi ke, pandraha pArzvanAtha ke aura zeSa mahAvIra ke zAsana meM hue, kiMtu yaha gAthA paravartI hai aura bAda meM jor3I gaI lagatI hai| mUlapATha meM kahIM bhI inakA pratyekabuddha ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM hai| samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita kI carcA ke prasaMga meM inheM mAtra devaloka ke cyuta kahA gayA hai, pratyekabuddha nahIM kahA gayA hai, yadyapi samavAyAMga meM hI praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa dete samaya yaha kahA gayA hai ki isameM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke pravaktA pratyekabuddhoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hai, kyoMki RSibhASita prazna vyAkaraNa kA hI eka bhAga thaa| isa prakAra RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ko sarvaprathama samavAyAMga meM parokSarUpa se pratyekabuddha mAna liyA gayA thaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke adhikAMza RSi jaina-paramparA ke nahIM the, ataH unake upadezoM ko mAnya rakhane ke lie unheM pratyekabuddha kahA gyaa| saMgrahaNIgAthA to unheM spaSTa rUpa se pratyekabuddha kahatI hI hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA, inheM pratyekabuddha kahane kA prayojana yahI thA ki inheM jaina saMgha se pRthak mAnakara bhI inake upadezoM ko prAmANika mAnA jA ske| jaina aura bauddha- donoM paramparAoM meM pratyekabuddha vaha vyakti hai, jo kisI nimitta se svayaM prabuddha hokara ekAkI sAdhanA karate hue jJAna prApta karatA hai, kiMtu na to vaha svayaM kisI kA ziSya banatA hai aura na kisI paramparA yA saMgha vyavasthA meM Abaddha hotA hai, phira bhI vaha samAja meM AdaraNIya hotA hai aura usake upadeza prAmANika mAne jAte haiN| RSibhASita aura jaina dharma ke siddhAMta _ RSibhASita kA samagrataH adhyayana hameM isa sambaMdha meM vicAra karane ko vivaza karatA hai ki kyA RSibhASita meM anya paramparAoM ke RSiyoM dvArA unakI hI apanI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karavAyA gayA hai athavA unake mukha se jaina paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karavAyA gayA hai| prathama dRSTi se dekhane para to aisA bhI lagatA hai ki unake mukha se jaina mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana huA hai|

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pro. zubriga aura unake hI AdhAra para pro. lallanajI gopAla ne pratyeka RSi ke upadezoM ke pratipAdana ke prArambhika aura aMtima kathana kI ekarUpatA ke AdhAra para yaha mAna liyA hai ki graMthakAra RSiyoM ke upadezoM ke prastutikaraNa meM prAmANika nahIM haiN| usane inake upadezoM ko apane hI DhaMga se prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| adhikAMza adhyAyoM meM jaina pAribhASika padAvalI, yathApaMcamahAvrata, kaSAya, pariSaha Adi ko dekhakara isa kathana meM satyatA parilakSita hone lagatI hai| udAharaNArtha- prathama, nArada nAmaka adhyayana meM yadyapi zauca ke cAra lakSaNa batAe gae haiM, kiMtu yaha adhyAya jaina paramparA ke cAturyAma kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| vajjIyaputta nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM karma ke siddhAMta kI avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya jIva ke karmAnugAmI hone kI dhAraNA kA pratipAdana karatA hai, sAtha hI moha ko duHkha kA mUla batAtA hai| yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki jisa prakAra bIja se aMkura aura aMkura se bIja kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai, usI prakAra se moha se karma aura karma se moha kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai aura moha ke samApta hone para karma-santati ThIka vaise hI samApta hotI hai, jaise vRkSa ke mUla ko samApta karane para usake phala-pattI apane Apa samApta hote haiN| karmasiddhAMta kI yaha avadhAraNA RSibhASita ke adhyAya 13, 15, 24 aura 30 meM bhI milatI hai| jaina paramparA meM isase hI milatA-julatA vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke battIsaveM adhyAya se prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra, tIsare asitadevala nAmaka adhyAya meM hameM jaina paramparA aura vizeSa rUpa se AcArAMga meM upalabdha pApa ko lepa kahane kI bAta mila jAtI hai| isa adhyAya meM hameM pAMca mahAvrata, cAra kaSAya tathA isI prakAra hiMsA se lekara mithyAdarzanazalya taka ke 18 pApoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| yaha adhyAya mokSa ke svarUpa kA vivecana bhI karatA hai aura use ziva, atula, amala, avyAghAta, apunarbhava, apunarAvartana tathA zAzvata sthAna batAtA hai| mokSa kA aisA hI svarUpa hameM jaina-Agama-sAhitya meM anyatra bhI milatA hai| pAMca mahAvratoM aura cAra kaSAyoM kA vivaraNa to RSibhASita ke aneka adhyAyoM meM AyA hai| mahAkAzyapa nAmaka nauveM adhyayana meM puNya, pApa tathA saMvara aura nirjarA kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isI adhyAya meM kaSAya kA bhI ullekha

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hai| nauveM adhyAya meM karma AdAna kI mukhya carcA karate hue mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya tathA yoga ko baMdhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai, jo ki jaina paramparA ke pUrNataH anurUpa hai| isameM jaina paramparA ke aneka pAribhASika zabda, yathAupakrama, baddha, spRSTa, nikAcita, nirjIrNa, siddhi, zaileSI avasthA, pradezodaya, vipAkodaya Adi pAe jAte haiN| isa adhyAya meM pratipAdita AtmA kI nityAnityatA kI avadhAraNA siddhAvasthA kA svarUpa evaM karmabaMdhana aura nirjarA kI prakriyA jaina darzana ke samAna hai| .. isI taraha, aneka adhyAyoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI avadhAraNA bhI milatI hai| bArahaveM yAjJavalkya nAmaka adhyayana meM jaina paramparA ke anurUpa gocarI ke svarUpa meM zuddhaSaNA kI carcA mila jAtI hai| AtmA apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA aura kRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai, yaha bAta bhI paMdrahaveM madhurAyana nAmaka adhyayana meM kI gaI hai| satrahaveM vidura nAmaka adhyayana meM sAvadyayoga virati aura samabhAva kI carcA hai| unnIsaveM AriyAyaNa nAmaka adhyAya meM AryajJAna, Aryadarzana aura Aryacaritra ke rUpa meM prakArAntara se samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakcaritra kI hI carcA hai| bAIsavAM adhyAya dharma ke kSetra meM puruSa kI pradhAnatA kI carcA karatA hai tathA nArI kI niMdA karatA hai| isakI sUtrakRtAMga ke itthipariNNA nAmaka adhyayana se samAnatA hai| teIsaveM rAmaputta nAmaka adhyAya meM uttarAdhyayana (28/35) ke samAna hI jJAna ke dvArA jAnane, darzana ke dvArA dekhane, saMyama ke dvArA nigraha karane kI tathA tapa ke dvArA aSTavidha karma ke vidhunana kI bAta kahI gaI hai| aSTavidha karma kI yaha carcA kevala jaina paramparA meM hI pAI jAtI hai| punaH, caubIsaveM adhyAya meM bhI mokSamArga ke rUpa meM jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kI carcA hai| isI adhyAya meM deva, manuSya, tiryanca aura nAraka-ina caturgatiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| pacIsaveM ambaDa nAmaka adhyAya meM cAra kaSAya, cAra vikathA, pAMca mahAvrata, tIna gupti, paMca iMdriya saMyama, chaH jIvanikAya, sAta bhaya, ATha mada, nau prakAra kA brahmacarya tathA dasa prakAra ke samAdhisthAna kI carcA hai| isa prakAra, isa adhyAya meM jaina paramparA meM mAnya aneka avadhAraNAeM eka sAtha upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| isI adhyAya meM AhAra karane ke chaH kAraNoM kI vaha carcA bhI hai, jo ki sthAnAMga

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(sthAna 6) Adi meM milatI hai| smaraNa rahe ki yadyapi jainAgamoM meM ambaDa ko parivrAjaka mAnA hai, phira bhI use mahAvIra ke prati zraddhAvAn batAyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM sarvAdhika jaina avadhAraNAeM upalabdha haiN| RSibhASita ke chabbIsaveM adhyAya meM uttarAdhyayana ke paccIsaveM adhyAya ke samAna hI brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kI carcA hai| isI adhyAya meM kaSAya, nirjarA, chaH jIvanikAya aura sarvaprANiyoM ke prati dayA kA bhI ullekha hai| ikatIsaveM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM punaH cAturyAma, aSTavidha karmagraMthi, cAra gati, paMcAstikAya tathA mokSasthAna ke svarUpa kA digdarzana hotA hai| isI adhyAya meM jaina paramparA ke samAna jIvaM ko U rdhvagAmI aura pudgala ko adhogAmI kahA gayA hai, kiMtu pArzva to jaina paramparA meM mAnya hI haiM, ataH isa adhyAya meM jaina avadhAraNAeM honI Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai| aba vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA bhI banI hai ki jaina darzana ke tattvajJAna pApityoM kI hI dena haiN| zubriga ne bhI isibhAsiyAiM para pAzrvApatyoM kA prabhAva mAnA hai| punaH, battIsaveM piMga nAmaka adhyAya meM jaina paramparA ke anurUpa cAroM vargoM kI mukti kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| cautIsaveM adhyAya meM pariSaha aura upasargoM kI carcA hai| isI adhyAya meM paMca mahAvrata se yukta, kaSAya se rahita, chinnasrota, anAzrava bhikSu kI mukti kI bhI carcA hai| punaH, paiMtIsaveM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyAya meM tIna gupti, tIna daNDa, tIna zalya, cAra kaSAya, cAra vikathA, pAMca samiti, paMcendriyasaMyama, yogasaMdhAna evaM navakoTi parizuddha, dasa doSa se rahita vibhinna kuloM kI parakRta, paranirdiSTa, vigatadhUma, zastrapariNata bhikSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai| isI adhyAya meM saMjJA evaM bAIsa pariSahoM kA bhI ullekha hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM aneka jaina avadhAraNAeM upasthita haiM, ata: yahAM svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA jaina AcAryoM ne RSibhASita kA saMkalana karate samaya apanI hI avadhAraNAoM ko ina RSiyoM ke mukha se kahalavA diyA athavA mUlataH ye avadhAraNAeM ina RSiyoM kI hI thIM aura vahAM se jaina paramparA meM praviSTa huiiN| yaha to spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita meM ullikhita RSiyoM meM pArzva aura mahAvIra ko chor3akara zeSa anya sabhI yA to svataMtra sAdhaka rahe haiM, yA anya paramparAoM ke rahe haiM, yadyapi inameM kucha ke ullekha

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uttarAdhyayana aura sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI haiN| yadi hama isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM ki isameM jo vicAra haiM, ve una RSiyoM ke nahIM haiM, to graMtha kI aura graMthakartA kI prAmANikatA khaMDita hotI hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora yaha mAnanA ki ye sabhI avadhAraNAeM jaina paramparA meM anya paramparAoM se praviSTa huI, pUrNataH saMtoSaprada nahIM lagatA hai, ataH sarvaprathama to hama yaha parIkSaNa karane kA prayatna kareMge ki RSibhASita meM jina RSiyoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM, ve unake apane haiM, yA jaina AcAryoM ne apanI bAta ko unake mukha se kahalavAyA hai| RSibhASita kI avadhAraNAoM kI prAmANikatA kA prazna yadyapi RSibhASita ke sabhI RSiyoM ke upadeza aura tatsambaMdhI sAhitya hameM jainetara paramparAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, phira bhI inameM se kaI ke vicAra aura avadhAraNAeM Aja bhI anya paramparAoM meM upalabdha haiN| yAjJavalkya kA ullekha bhI upaniSadoM meM hai| vajIyaputta, mahAkAzyapa aura sAriputta ke ullekha bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM haiN| isI prakAra vidura, nArAyaNa, asitadevala Adi ke ullekha mahAbhArata evaM hindU paramparA ke anya graMthoM meM mila jAte haiN| RSibhASita meM inake jo vicAra ullikhita haiM, unakI tulanA anya srotoM se karane para hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM jina RSiyoM ke jina vicAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unameM kitanI prAmANikatA hai| RSibhASita ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA upadeza saMkalita hai| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke sambaMdha meM hameM jaina paramparA meM bhagavatIsUtra aura upAsakadazAMga meM, bauddha paramparA meM dIghanikAya ke sAmaJamahApha lasutta aura suttanipAta meM tathA hindU paramparA meM mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva ke 177 veM adhyAya meM maMkhI RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha prApta hotA hai| tInoM hI strota use niyativAda kA samarthaka batAte haiN| yadi hama RSibhASita adhyAya 11 meM varNita maMkhaligozAlaka ke upadezoM ko dekhate haiM, to yahAM bhI hameM parokSa rUpa se niyativAda ke saMketa upalabdha haiN| isa adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo padArthoM kI pariNati ko dekhakara kampita hotA hai, vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai, kSobhita hotA hai, Ahata hotA hai, spaMdita hotA hai, calAyamAna hotA hai, prerita hotA hai, vaha tyAgI nahIM hai| isake viparIta, jo padArthoM kI pariNati 4 .

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ko dekhakara kampita nahIM hotA hai, kSobhita nahIM hotA, duHkhita nahIM hotA hai, vaha tyAgI hai| parokSa rUpa se yaha padArthoM kI pariNati ke sambaMdha meM niyativAda kA pratipAdaka hai| saMsAra kI apanI eka vyavasthA aura gati hai, vaha usI ke anusAra cala rahA hai| sAdhaka ko usa krama kA jJAtA-dRSTA to honA cAhie, kiMtu dRSTA ke rUpa meM usase prabhAvita nahIM honA caahie| niyativAda kI mUlabhUta AdhyAtmika zikSA yahI ho sakatI hai ki hama saMsAra ke ghaTanAkrama se sAkSI bhAva se rheN| isa prakAra, yaha adhyAya gozAlaka ke mUlabhUta AdhyAtmika upadeza ko hI pratibimbita karatA hai| isake viparIta, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM jo maMkhaligozAlaka ke siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa hai, vaha vastuta: gozAlaka kI isa AdhyAtmika avadhAraNA meM nikAlA gayA eka vikRta dArzanika phalita hai| vastutaH, RSibhASita kA racayitA gozAlaka ke siddhAMtoM ke prati jitanA prAmANika hai, utane prAmANika tripiTika aura paravartI jaina AgamoM ke racayitA nahIM haiN| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva ke 177 veM adhyAya meM maMkhi RSi kA upadeza saMkalita hai| usameM eka ora niyativAda kA samarthana hai; kiMtu dUsarI ora isameM vairAgya kA upadeza bhI hai| isa adhyAya meM mUlataH dRSTA bhAva aura saMsAra ke prati anAsakti kA upadeza hai| yaha adhyAya niyativAda ke mAdhyama se hI adhyAtma kA upadeza detA hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra kI apanI vyavasthA hai, manuSya apane puruSArtha se bhI use apane anusAra nahIM mor3a pAtA hai, ataH vyakti ko dRSTA bhAva rakhate hue saMsAra se virakta ho jAnA caahie| mahAbhArata ke isa adhyAya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki maMkhi RSi ko niyativAda kA samarthaka mAnate hue bhI usa niyativAda ke mAdhyama se unheM vairAgya kI dizA meM prerita batAyA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para RSibhASita meM maMkhaliputra kA upadeza jisa rUpa meM saMkalita milatA hai, vaha nizcita hI prAmANika hai| isI prakAra, RSibhASita ke adhyAya 9 meM mahAkazyapa aura adhyAya 38 meM sAriputta ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| ye donoM hI bauddha paramparA se sambaMdhita rahe haiN| yadi hama RSibhASita meM ullikhita inake vicAroM ko dekhate haiM, to spaSTa rUpa se isameM hameM bauddhadharma kI avadhAraNA ke mUlatattva parilakSita hote haiN| mahAkazyapa (8)

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adhyAya meM sarvaprathama saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA kA citraNa hai| isameM karma ko duHkha kA mUla kahA gayA hai aura karma kA mUla janma ko batAyA gayA hai, jo ki bauddhoM ke pratItya-samutpAda kA hI eka rUpa hai| isI adhyAya meM eka vizeSatA hameM yaha dekhane ko milatI hai ki isameM karmasiddhAMta ko pratipAdita karate hue 'santAnavAda' kI carcA hai, jo ki bauddhoM kA mUlabhUta siddhAMta hai| isa adhyAya meM nirvANa ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie bauddha darzana ke mUlabhUta dIpaka vAle udAharaNa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pUrA adhyAya santAnavAda aura karmasaMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vairAgya kA upadeza pradAna karatA hai| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki isameM bauddhadharma ke mUla bIja upasthita haiN| isI prakAra, ar3atIsaveM sAriputta nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI bauddha dharma ke mUla utsa madhyamamArga kA pratipAdana milatA hai| usake sAtha buddha ke prajJAvAda kA bhI isameM pratipAdana huA hai| isa adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki manojJa bhojana, zayanAsana kA sevana karate hue aura manojJa AvAsa meM rahate hue bhikSu sukhapUrvaka dhyAna karatA hai, phira bhI prAjJa puruSa ko sAMsArika padArthoM meM Asakta nahIM honA cAhie, yahI buddha kA anuzAsana hai| isa prakAra, yaha adhyAya bhI buddha ke upadezoM ko prAmANika rUpa se prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra, yAjJavalkya nAmaka bArahaveM adhyAya meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki yAjJavalkya ke mUlabhUta upadezoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| RSibhASita ke atirikta yAjJavalkya kA ullekha hameM upaniSadoM evaM mahAbhArata meM bhI milatA hai| upaniSad meM jahAM yAjJavalkya-maitreyI kA saMvAda hai, vahAM unakI saMnyAsa kI icchA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM bhI yAjJavalkya ke upadeza ke rUpa meM lokaiSaNA aura vittaiSaNA ke tyAga kI bAta kahI gaI hai tathA yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaba taka lokaiSaNA hotI hai, taba taka vittaiSaNA hotI hai aura jaba vittaiSaNA hotI hai, to lokaiSaNA hotI hai, isalie lokaiSaNA aura vittaiSaNA ke svarUpa ko jAnakara gopatha se jAnA cAhie, mahApatha se nahIM jAnA caahie| vastutaH, aisA lagatA hai ki yahAM nivRttimArga ko gopatha aura pravRttimArga ko mahApatha kahA gayA hai aura yAjJavalkya nivRttimArga kA upadeza dete pratIta hote haiN| yahAM sabase vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki bauddhadharma meM jo hInayAna aura mahAyAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa

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hai, kahIM vaha gopatha aura mahApatha kI avadhAraNA kA vikasita rUpa to nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM mahAyAna zabda AyA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM bhI adhyAya 310 se lekara 318 taka yAjJavalkya ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se sAMkhya aura yoga kI avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana hai| RSibhASita ke isa adhyAya meM muni kI bhikSA-vidhi kI carcA hai, jo ki jaina paramparA ke anurUpa hI lagatI hai| vaise bRhadAraNyaka meM bhI yAjJavalkya bhikSAcaryA kA upadeza dete haiM, phira bhI itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita ke lekhaka ne yAjJavalkya ke mUlabhUta upadezoM ko vikRta nahIM kiyA hai| RSibhASita ke bIsaveM utkala nAmaka 'adhyAya meM bhautikavAda yA cArvAka darzana kA pratipAdana hai| isa adhyAya ke upadeza ke rUpa meM kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki isameM cArvAka ke vicAroM kA pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha pratipAdana huA hai| RSibhASita meM varddhamAna kA jo upadeza hai, usakI yathArtha praticchAyA AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana meM evaM uttarAdhyayana ke battIsaveM adhyAya meM yathAvat rUpa se upasthita hai| . uparyukta AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM RSiyoM ke upadeza ko sAmAnya rUpa se prAmANikatApUrvaka hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi isameM mukhya rUpa se unake AdhyAtmika aura naitika vicAroM kA hI prastatikaraNa huA hai aura usake pIche nihita darzana para isameM koI bala nahIM diyA gayA hai| dUsare, yaha bhI satya hai ki unakA prastatikaraNa yA graMtha-racanA jaina paramparA ke AcAryoM ke dvArA huI hai, ata: yaha svAbhAvika thA ki usameM jaina paramparA meM mAnya kucha paramparAgata avadhAraNAeM pratibimbita ho gaI haiN| punaH, isa vizvAsa ke bhI paryApta AdhAra haiM ki jinheM Aja hama jaina paramparA kI avadhAraNAeM kaha rahe haiM, ve mUlataH anya paramparAoM meM pracalita rahI hoM aura vahAM se jaina paramparA meM praviSTa ho gaI hoM, ataH RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ke upadezoM kI prAmANikatA ko pUrNataH nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| adhika se adhika hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki una para parokSa rUpa se jaina paramparA kA kucha prabhAva A gayA hai| RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki RSibhASita meM varNita adhikAMza RSigaNa

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jaina paramparA se sambaMdhita nahIM haiN| unake kucha nAmoM ke Age lage hue brAhmaNa, parivrAjaka Adi zabda hI unakA jaina paramparA se bhinna honA sUcita karate haiN| dUsare deva nArada, asitadevala, aMgirasa, bhAradvAja, yAjJavalkya, bAhuka, vidura, vAriSeNavRSNa, dvaipAyana, AruNi, uddAlaka, nArAyaNa aise nAma haiM, jo vaidika paramparA meM suprasiddha rahe haiM aura Aja bhI unake upadeza upaniSadoM, mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM surakSita haiM, inameM se deva nArada, asitadevala, aMgirasa bhAradvAja, dvaipAyana ke ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMga, aMtakRddazA, aupapAtika Adi jaina-graMthoM meM tathA bauddha tripiTika sAhitya meM bhI milate haiN| isI prakAra vajjIyaputra, mahAkazyapa aura sAriputra bauddha paramparA ke suprasiddha vyaktitva haiM aura unakA ullekha tripiTaka sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| maMkhaliputra, rAmaputta, ambaDa (ambaSTa), saMjaya (velaTThiputra) Adi aise nAma haiM, jo svataMtra zramaNa paramparAoM se sambaMdhita haiM aura inake isa rUpa meM ullekha jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM hameM spaSTa rUpa se milate haiM, una para vistRta carcA pro.sI.esa. upAsaka ne apane lekha isibhAsiyAI eNDa pAli buddhisTa TeksTsa : e sTaDI' meM kI hai| yaha lekha paM. dalasukhabhAI abhinandana graMtha meM prakAzita huA hai| pArzva aura varddhamAna jaina paramparA ke teIsaveM aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM suspaSTa rUpa se mAnya haiN| Ardraka kA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta sUtraMkRtAMga meM hai| isake atirikta puSpazAlaputra, valkalacIrI, kurmAputra, ketaliputra, tetaliputra, bhayAli, indranAga aise nAma haiM, jinameM adhikAMza kA ullekha jaina paramparA ke isimaNDala evaM anya graMthoM meM mila jAtA hai| puSpazAla, valkalacIrI, kurmAputra Adi kA ullekha bauddha paramparA meM bhI hai, kiMtu madhurAyaNa, soriyAyaNa AryAyana Adi, jinakA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta hindU, jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM anyatra nahIM milatA hai, unheM bhI pUrNatayA kAlpanika vyakti nahIM kaha skte| yadi hama RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI sampUrNa sUcI kA avalokana kareM, to kevala soma, yama, varuNa, vAyu aura vaizramaNa aise nAma haiM, jinheM kAlpanika kahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu jaina, bauddha aura vaidika- tInoM hI paramparAeM inheM bhI svIkRta karatI haiN| mahAbhArata meM vAyu kA ullekha eka RSi ke rUpa meM milatA hai| yama ko AvazyakacUrNi meM yamadagni RSi

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kA pitA kahA gayA hai, ataH isa sambhAvanA ko bhI pUrI taraha nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yama koI RSi rahe hoN| yadyapi upaniSadoM meM bhI yama ko lokapAla ke rUpa meM bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu itanA hI nizcita hai ki ye eka upadeSTA haiN| yama aura naciketA kA saMvAda aupaniSadika paramparA meM suprasiddha hI hai| varuNa aura vaizramaNa ko bhI vaidika paramparA meM maMtropadeSTA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki soma, yama, varuNa, vaizramaNa isa graMtha ke racanAkAla taka eka upadeSTA ke rUpa meM loka paramparA meM mAnya rahe hoM aura isI AdhAra para inake upadezoM kA saMkalana RSibhASita meM kara liyA gayA hai| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama yaha avazya kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita ke RSiyoM meM uparyukta cAra-pAMca nAmoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI prAgaitihAsika aura aitihAsika kAla ke yathArtha vyakti haiM, kAlpanika caritra nahIM haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM hama itanA hI kahanA cAheMge ki RSibhASita na kevala jaina paramparA kI, apitu samagra bhAratIya paramparA kI eka amUlya nidhi hai aura isameM bhAratIya cetanA kI dhArmika udAratA apane yathArtha rUpa meM pratibimbita hotI hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kyoMki yaha hameM adhikAMza jJAta aura kucha ajJAta RSiyoM ke sambaMdha meM aura unake upadezoM ke sambaMdha meM mahattvapUrNa evaM prAmANika sUcanAeM detA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa nidhi ko surakSita rakhakara bhAratIya itihAsa evaM saMskRti kI bahumUlya sevA kI hai| vastutaH, yaha graMtha IsA pUrva dasavIM zatI se lekara IsA pUrva chaThavIM zatI taka ke aneka bhAratIya RSiyoM kI aitihAsika sattA kA nirvivAda pramANa hai| 1. (a) se kiM kAliyaM ? kAliyaM aNegavihaM pnnnnttN| taM jahA uttarajjhayaNAI 1 dasAo 2 kappo 3 vavahAro 4 NisIhaM 5 mahAnisIhaM 6 isibhAsiyAI 7 jaMbuddIvapaNNattI 8 dIvasAgarapaNNattI

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nandisUtra 84 (mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1968) (ba) namo tersi khamAsamaNANaM jehiM imaM vAiaMga bAhiraM kAliaM bhagavaMtaM taM jahA-1 uttarAyaNAI 2 dasAo 3 kappo 4 vavahAro 5 isibhAsiAI 6 nisIhaM 7 mahAnisIha--- (jJAtavya hai ki pakkhiyasutta meM aMgabAhya graMthoM kI sUcI meM 28 utkAlika aura 36 kAlika-kula 64 graMthoM ke nAma haiN| isameM 6 Avazyaka aura 12 aMga milAne se kula 82 kI saMkhyA hotI hai| lagabhaga yahI sUcI vidhimArgaprapA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai|) -pakkhiyasutta, pR.79, devacaMdalAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sirIja kramAMka 99 aNgbaahymnekvidhm| tadyathA-sAmAyikaM, caturvizatistavaH, vandanaM, pratikramaNaM, kAyavyutsargaH, pratyAkhyAnaM, dazavaikAlikaM, uttarAdhyAyAH, dazAH, kalpavyavahArau, nizIthaM Rssibhaassitaaniityevmaadi| - tattvArthAdhigamasUtram (svopajJabhASya) 1/20, (devacaMdalAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa) krama-saMkhyA 67. 3. tathA RSibhASitAni uttraadhyynaadiini------| _ - AvazyakaMniyukti hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR. 206. RSibhASitAnAM ca devendrastavAdInAM niyuktiM --- / - vahI, pR. 41 isibhAsiyAI paNayAlIsaM ajjhayaNAI kAliyAI, tesu diNa 45 niviehiM annaagaaddhjogo| aNNe bhaNaMti uttarajjhayaNesu ceva eyAiM atNbhvNti| -vidhimArgaprapA pR.58 deviMdatthayamAI paiNNagA hoM ti igignivienn| isibhAsiyaajjhayaNA AyaMbalikAlatisajjhA // 61 // kesiM ci mae aMtabhavaMti eyAi uttrjjhynne| paNayAlIsa diNehiM kesi vi jogo aNNagADho // 62 // .. - vidhimArgaprapA, pR. 62 (jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA ke sambaMdha meM vidhimArgaprapA meM

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bhI mataikya nahIM hai| 'sajjhAyapaTTavaNAvihI' pR. 45 para 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 cheda, 4 mUla evaM 2 cUlikAsUtra ke ghaTAne para lagabhaga 31 prakIrNakoM ke nAma milate haiM, jabaki pR. 57-58 para RSibhASita sahita 15 prakIrNakoM kA ullekha hai|) . 6. (a). kAliyasurya ca isibhAsiyAI taio ya suurpnnnnttii| savvo ya diTThivAo cautthao hoI annuogo|| 124 // (mU.bhA.) . tathA RSibhASitAni-uttarAdhyayanAdIni, 'tRtIyazca' kAlAnuyogaH - Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti, pR. 206 (ba). Avassagassa dasakAliassa taha uttrjjhmaayaare| sUyagaDe nijjutiM vucchAmi tahA dasANaM ca // kappassa ya nijjutiM vavahArasseva prmnniunnss| sUriapaNNattIe vucchaM isibhAsiANaM ca // . - Avazyakaniyukti, 84-85. paNhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA pannatA, taMjahA-uvamA, saMkhA, isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsitAI, mahAvIrabhAsitAiM, khomapasiNAIM, komalapasaNAI, addAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, baahupsinnaaii| ThANaMgasuve, dasamaM ajhabhayaNaM dsttttaannN| (mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya saMskaraNa, pR. 311) cottAlIsaM ajjhayaNA isibhAsiyA diyalogacutAbhAsiyA pnnnnttaa| -samavAyaMgasutta-44 Ahesu mahApurisA puvviM tatta tvodhnnaa| udAeNa siddhimAvannA tattha maMdo visIyati // 1 // abhuMjiyA namI videhI, rAmaputte ya bhuNjiaa| bAhue udagaM bhoccA tahA nArAyaNe risI // 2 // asile devile ceva dIvAyaNa mhaarisii| pArAsare dagaM bhoccA bIyANi hariyANi yaM // 3 // 7.

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ete puvvaM mahApurisA AhitA iha sNbhtaa| bhoccA bIodagaM siddha iti meymnnussua||4|| - sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/1-4 10. vahI, 2/6/1-3, 7, 9 11. bhagavatI zataka, 15. 12. upAsakadazAMga, adhyAya 6 evaM 7. 13. (a). suttanipAta, 32 sabhiyasutta (ba). dIghanikAya, saamnyphlsuutr| 14. ye te samaNabrAhmaNA saMgino gaNino gaNAcariyA AtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhu sammatA, bahujanassa, sevyathIdaM pUraNo kassapo, makkhaligosAlo, ajito ke sakambalI, pakudho kaccAyano, saMjayo velaTiThaputto, nigaNTho naatputto| - suttanipAta, 32-sbhiysutt| 15. (a). bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 102-104 (B). It is...... the oldest of the pectic books of the Buddhist scriptures, Introduction, Page-2, -- Sutta-Nipata (Siter Vajira). 16. ubho nArada pbbtaa| - suttanipAta 32, sabhiyasutta, 34 17. . asito isi addasa divaavihaare| - suttanipAta 37, nAlakasutta 1 18. jiNNe'hamasmi abalo vItavaNNe (iccAyasmA piMgiyo) - suttanipAta 71, piMgiyamANavapucchA. 19. suttanipAta, 32, sabhiyasutta 20.. vahI 21. vahI 22. theragAthA 36, DikzanarI oNpha pAlI prApara nemsa vAlyUma prathama, pR. 631, vAlyUma dvitIya, pR. 15. 23. (a). 'AtA chettaM, tavo bIyaM, saMjamo jua nnNglN| jhANaM phAlo nisitto ya, saMvaro ya bIyaM daDhaM // 8 // (95) jhA

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akUDattaM ca kUr3esu, viNae NiyamaNe tthite| titikkhA ya halIsA tu dayA guttI ya paggahA // 9 // sammattaM gotthaNavo, samitI u samilA thaa| thitijottasusaMbaddhA savvaNNuvayaNe rayA // 10 // paMcaiva iMdiyANi tu khantA dantA ya nnijitaa| mAhaNesu tu te goNA gaMbhIraM kasate kisiM // 11 // tavo bIyaM avaMjhaM se, ahiMsA NihaNaM prN| ... vavasAto ghaNaM tassa, juttA goNA ya saMgaho // 12 // thitI khalaM vasuyikaM, saddhA meDhI ya nnicclaa| bhAvaNA u vatI tassa, iriyA dAraM susaMvuDaM // 13 // kasAyA malaNaM tassa, kittivAto va tkkhmaa| NijjarA tu lavAmIsA iti dukkhANa Nikkhati // 14 // etaM kisiM kasittANaM svvsttdyaavhN| mAhaNe khattie vesse sudde visujjhatI // 15 // , ... , - isibhAsiyAI, 26/8-15 (ba). 'kato chettaM kato bIyaM, kato te jugaNaMgale ? goNA vi te Na passAmi, ajo, kA NAta te kisI // 1 // AtA chettaM, tavo bIyaM, saMjamo jugnnNglN| " ahiMsA samitI jojA, esA ghammantarA kisI // 2 // esA kisI sobhatarA aluddhassa viyaahitaa| esA bahusaI hoI paralokasuhAvahA // 3 // eyaM kisiM kasittANaM svvsttdyaavh| mAhaNe khattie vesse sudde vAvi ya sijjhtii'|| 4 // - isibhAsiyAI, 32/1-4 saddhA bIjaM tapo vuTThi paJjA meM yugnNglN| hiri IsA mano yottaM sati me phAlapAcanaM // 2 // 24. (96)

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kAyagutto vacIgutto AhAre udare yto| saccaM karomi nidAnaM soraccaM me pamAcanaM // 3 // ririyaM me dhuradhoramhaM yogakkhemAdhivAhanaM / gacchati anivattantaM yattha gantvA na socati // 4 // evamesA kasI kaTThA sA hoti amtpphlaa| etaM kasiM kasitvAna sambadukkhA pamuccatIti // 5 // - suttanipAta, 4 - kasibhAradvAjasutta 25. ahaM ca bhoyarAyassa taM ca si andhgvnnhinno| mA kule gandhaNA homo saMjamaM nihuo cara // - uttarAdhyayana, 22/44 26. pakkhaMde jaliyaM joiM, dhUmakeuM duraasyN| necchati vaMtayaM bhottuM, kule jAyA agaMdhaNe // - dazavaikAlika, 1/6 27. AngaNe kule jAto jadhA jAgo mhaaviso| . muMcitA savisaM bhUto piyanto jAto lAghavaM // - isibhAsiyAI, 45-40 28. (a). isibhAsiyAI, 26/15 (ba). isibhAsiyAI, 32/4 29. See --Introduction of lsibhasiyaim, by walther schubring, Ahmedabad-1974 * dekheM - bhagavatI zataka, 15. 31. dekheM- upAsakadasAMga, adhyAya 6 evaM 7. 32. jJAtAdharmakathA, draupadI nAmaka adhyayana 33. patteyabuddhamisiNobIsaM titthe arittttnnemiss| pAsassa ya paNNarasa vIrassa vilINamohassa // - isibhAsiyAI, saMpA.- manoharamuni, pariziSTa naM.1 34. . nArayarisipAmukkhe, vIsaM sirineminaahtitthmmi| ___ pannarasa pAsatitthe, dasa sirivIrassa titthammi // 44 // aura 30.

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patteyabuddhasAhU, namimo je bhAsiuM sivaM pttaa| paNayAlIsaM isibhAsiyAI ajjhayaNapavarAI // 45 // -RSimaNDalaprakaraNam, Atmavallabha graMthamAlA, graMthAMka 13, bAlApura, gAthA 44, 45 paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya parasamaya paNNavaya . pteabuddhvivihtthbhaasaabhaasiyaannN| - samavAyAMga, sUtra 546. aupapAtikasUtra 38 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad, tRtIya adhyAya, paMcama brAhmaNa, 1 36. mUlAcAra : eka vivecana mUlAcAra kA mahattva mUlAcAra ko vartamAna meM digambara jaina paramparA meM Agama sthAnIya graMtha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha graMtha mukhyataH acela paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra se sambaMdhita hai| yaha bhI nirvivAda satya hai ki digambara paramparA meM isa graMtha kA utanA hI mahattva hai, jitanA ki zvetAmbara paraMmparA meM AcArAMga kaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki dhavalA aura jayadhavalA (dasavIM zatAbdI) meM isakI gAthAoM ko AcArAMga kI gAthA kahakara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM jaba AcArAMga ko lupta mAna liyA gayA, to usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI AcArAMga ke rUpa meM dekhA jAne lgaa| vastutaH, AcArAMga ke prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskaMdha meM acelatA kA pratipAdana hote hue bhI muni ke vastra-grahaNa sambaMdhI kucha ullekha, phira cAhe ve ApavAdika sthiti ke kyoM na ho, pAe hI jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki acelakatva para atyadhika bala dene vAlI yApanIya evaM digambara paramparA use apane sampradAya meM mAnya na rakha sakI aura usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI apanI paramparA kA muni AcAra sambaMdhI graMtha mAna liyaa| (98)

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mUlAcAra ke AdhAra graMtha __AryikA jJAnamatIjI ne bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita mUlAcAra kI bhUmikA meM yaha likhA hai ki AcArAMga ke AdhAra para caudaha sau gAthAoM meM graMthakartA ne isa graMtha kI racanA kI, ' kiMtu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha graMtha AcArAMga aura vizeSa rUpa se usake prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AdhAra para to bilkula hI nahIM likhA gayA hai| jina graMthoM ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra kI racanA huI hai, ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya bRhadpratyAkhyAna, AturapratyAkhyAna, Avazyakaniyukti, jIvasamAsa Adi haiM, jinakI saikar3oM gAthAeM zaurasenI rUpAMtaraNa ke sAtha isameM gRhIta kI gaI haiN| vastutaH, mUlAcAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya niyuktiyoM evaM prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu evaM sAmagrI se nirmita hai| mUlAcAra kI paramparA yadyapi hameM spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki yaha graMtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki isameM muni ke acelakatva para jitanA adhika bala diyA gayA hai, utanA zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArAMga ko chor3akara kisI bhI AcAraparaka graMtha meM nahIM miltaa| ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha mAnane meM dUsarI kaThinAI yaha hai ki isakI bhASA na to arddhamAgadhI hai aura na mahArASTrI praakRt| isameM arddhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita zvetAmbara Agama graMthoM kI saikar3oM gAthAeM zaurasenI rUpAMtaraNa meM milatI haiM, kiMtu isa AdhAra para ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki abhI taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA koI bhI graMtha zaurasenI prAkRta meM likhA gayA ho, yaha jJAta nahIM hotaa| yaha satya hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta meM lekhana kArya mukhyataH acela paramparA meM hI huA hai| kiMtu isameM kucha aise tathya haiM , jinake AdhAra para yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha digambara paramparA kA graMtha hai| sarvaprathama to isameM AryikA ko zramaNa ke samakakSa mAnakara usakI mukti kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha ise digambara graMtha mAnane meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai| digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAn paM. nAthUrAma premI ne aneka tarkoM ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki yaha digambara paramparA

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kA graMtha nahIM hai| ataH, yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki yadi mUlAcAra zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM meM se kisI paramparA kA graMtha nahIM hai, to phira kisa paramparA kA graMtha hai| yaha spaSTataH satya hai ki yaha graMtha acelakatA Adi ke sambaMdha meM digambara paramparA ke nikaTa, kiMtu strI-dIkSA, strI-mukti, AgamoM ko mAnya karane Adi kucha bAtoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA se bhI samAnatA rakhatA hai| isase yaha spaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki yaha graMtha eka aisI paramparA kA graMtha hai, jo kucha rUpa meM zvetAmbaroM aura kucha rUpa meM digambaroM se samAnatA rakhatI thii| DaoN. upAdhye, paM. nAthUrAma premI ke lekhoM evaM prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhIya tathA sAhityika sAkSyoM ke adhyayana se aba yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambaroM ke bIca eka yojaka setu kA kAma karane vAlI 'yApanIya' nAma kI eka tIsarI paramparA bhI thii| hama pUrva meM yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki yApanIya paramparA jahAM acelakatva para bala dene ke kAraNa digambara paramparA ke nikaTa thI, vahIM strI-mukti, kevalIbhukti aura AgamoM kI upasthiti, ApavAdika rUpa meM vastra evaM pAtra vyavahAra Adi se zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa thii| mUlAcAra kI racanA isI paramparA meM huI hai| Aie isa sambaMdha meM kucha adhika vistAra se carcA kareMmUlAcAra : yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha bahuzruta digambara vidvAn paM. nAthUrAmajI 'premI' ne ise yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha mAnA hai, isa sambaMdha meM ve likhate haiM 2 - 'mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha graMtha kundakunda kA to nahIM hI hai, unakI vicAra paramparA kA bhI nahIM hai, balki yaha usa paramparA kA jAna par3atA hai, jisameM zivArya aura aparAjita hue haiN| kucha bArIkI se adhyayana karane se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai' - 1. mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI pacAsoM gAthAeM eka sI aura samAna abhiprAya prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| 2. mUlAcAra kI 'Acelakkuddesiya' Adi 909 vIM gAthA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 421 vIM gAthA hai| isameM dasa kalpoM ke nAma haiN| jItakalpabhASya kI-1972 vIM gAthA bhI yahI hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anya TIkAgraMthoM aura niyuktiyoM meM bhI (100)

Page #105
yaha hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke 'strImuktivicAra' meM prabhAcaMdra ne dasa kalpoM kI mAnyatA kA ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAMta ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| 3. mUlAcAra kI sejogAsaNisejA' Adi 391 vIM gAthA aura ArAdhanA kI 305 vIM gAthA eka hI hai| isameM kahA hai ki vaiyAvRtti karane vAlA muni rugNa muni kA AhAra, auSadhi Adi se upakAra kre| isI gAthA ke viSaya meM kavi vRndAvanadAsa ko zaMkA huI thI ki usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie unhoMne dIvAna amaracaMdajI ko patra likhA thaa| samAcAra adhikAra 'gacche vejAvaccaM' Adi 174 vIM gAthA kI TIkA meM bhI vaiyAvRtti kA artha zArIrika pravRtti aura AhArAdi se upakAra . karanA likhA hai- 'vejAvaccaM vaiyAvRtyaM kaayikvyaapraahaaraadibhirupNgrhnnm|' 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 414 vIM gAthA ke samAna isakI bhI 387 vIM gAthA meM AcArakalpa evaM jItakalpa graMthoM kA ullekha hai, jo yApanIya ko mAnya the aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| 5. gAthA 277-78-79 meM kahA hai ki saMyamI muni aura AryikAoM ko cAra prakAra ke sUtra kAlazuddhi Adi ke binA nahIM par3hanA caahie| inase anya ArAdhanA, niyukti, maraNavibhakti, saMgraha, stuti, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA Adi par3hanA caahie| ye saba graMtha mUlAcAra ke kartA ke samakSa the, paraMtu kundakunda kI paramparA ke sAhitya meM ina nAmoM ke graMtha upalabdha nahIM haiN| 6. mUlAcAra 'bAvIsaM titthayarA' 5 aura 'sapaDikkamaNo dhammo'6- ina do gAthAoM meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha kundakuda kI paramparA meM anyatra kahIM nahIM kahA gayA hai| ye hI do gAthAeM bhadrabAhukRta Avazyakaniyukti meM haiM aura vaha zvetAmbara graMtha hai| 7. Avazyakaniyukti kI lagabhaga 80 gAthAeM mUlAcAra meM milatI haiM aura mUlAcAra meM pratyeka Avazyaka kA kathana karate samaya vaTTakera kA yaha kahanA ki maiM prastuta Avazyaka para samAsa se (saMkSepa meM) niyukti kahUMgA', avazya hI arthasUcaka hai, kyoMki sampUrNa mUlAcAra meM 'SaDAvazyaka adhikAra' ko chor3akara anya prakaraNoM meM niyukti' zabda zAyada hI kahIM AyA ho| SaDAvazyaka ke aMta meM bhI isa (101)

Page #106
adhyAya ko niyukti' nAma se hI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| 8. mUlAcAra ke muniyoM ke lie 'virata' aura AryikAoM ke lie 'viratI' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai (gAthA 180) / muni- AryikA, zrAvaka-zrAvikA milakara caturvidha saMgha hotA hai| cauthe samAcAra adhikAra (gAthA 187) meM kahA hai ki abhI taka kahA huA- yaha yathAkhyAtapUrva samAcAra AryikAoM ke lie bhI yathAyogya jAnanA 0 / isakA artha yaha huA ki graMthakartA muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhate haiM, jabaki A. kundakunda strI-pravrajyA kA niSedha karate haiM, phira 166 vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki isa prakAra kI carcA, jo . muni aura AryikAeM karatI haiM, ve jagatpUjA, kIrti aura sukha prApta karake 'siddha' hotI haiN| 184 vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki AryikAoM kA gaNadhara gaMbhIra, durdharSa, alpakautUhala, cirapravrajita aura gRhItArtha honA caahie| isase jAna par3atA hai ki AryikAeM munisaMgha ke hI aMtargata haiM aura unakA gaNadhara muni hI hotA hai| 'gaNadharo maryAdopadezakaH pratikramaNAdyAcAryaH (ttiikaa)| ina saba bAtoM se mUlAcAra kundakunda paramparA kA graMtha nahIM mAlUma hotA, . ata: mUlAcAra yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha hai, yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai| - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra ko yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha mAnane ke aneka pramANa haiN| paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne apane uparyukta vivecana meM una sabhI tathyoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kara diyA hai, jinake AdhAra para mUlAcAra ko kundakunda kI acela-paramparA ke sthAna para yApanIyoM kI acela-paramparA kA graMtha mAnA jAnA caahie| maiM paM. nAthUrAmajI premI dvArA uThAe gae inhIM muddoM para vistAra se carcA karanA caahuuNgaa| sarvaprathama mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAeM samAna aura samAna abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane vAlI hone ke kAraNa premI jI ne ise bhagavatIArAdhanA kI paramparA kA graMtha mAnA hai| premIjI ne isa tathya kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai ki mUlAcAra ke samAna hI bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke bhI kucha aise mantavya haiM, jo acela digambara paramparA se mela nahIM khAte haiM aura yadi bhagavatI ArAdhanA digambara paramparA kA graMtha na hokara yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha siddha hotA

Page #107
hai, to phira mUlAcAra ko bhI hameM yApanIya paramparA kA hI graMtha mAnanA hogaa| yadyapi premIjI ne mAtra bhagavatI ArAdhanA se isakI gAthAoM kI samarUpatA kI carcA kI hai, paraMtu bAta yahIM samApta nahIM hotii| mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aneka graMthoM kI gAthAeM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM zaurasenI aura arddhamAgadhI athavA mahArASTrI ke aMtara ke atirikta kahIM kisI prakAra kA aMtara bhI nahIM hai| mUlAcAra ke bRhad pratyAkhyAna nAmaka dvitIya adhikAra meM adhikAMza gAthAeM mahApaccakkhAna aura AurapaccakkhAna se milatI haiN| mUlAcAra ke bRhad pratyAkhyAna aura saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna- ina donoM adhikAroM meM kramazaH 71 aura 14 gAthAeM arthAt kula 85 gAthAeM haiN| inameM 70 gAthAeM to Atura pratyAkhyAna nAmaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNaka se milatI haiM, zeSa 15 gAthAoM meM bhI kucha mahApaccakkhAna evaM caMdravedhyaka meM mila jAtI haiN| ye gAthAeM zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke rUpa meM Aja bhI svIkArya haiN| punaH, adhyAya kA nAmakaraNa bhI unhIM graMthoM ke AdhAra para hai| isI prakAra, mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra kI 192 gAthAoM meM se 80 gAthAeM Avazyakaniyukti se samAnatA rakhatI haiN| isake atirikta, isI adhikAra meM pAThabheda ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana, anuyogadvAra aura dazavaikAlika se aneka gAthAeM milatI haiN| paMcAcAra adhikAra meM sabase adhika 222 gAthAeM haiN| isakI 50 se adhika gAthAeM uttarAdhyayana aura jIvasamAsa nAmaka zvetAmbara graMtha meM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI haiN| isameM jo SaDjIvanikAya kA vivecana hai, usakI adhikAMza gAthAeM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 veM adhyAya aura jIvasamAsa meM haiN| isI prakAra 5 samiti, 3 gupti Adi kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, vaha bhI uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika meM kiMcit bheda ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra, mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra kI 83 gAthAeM haiM, inameM bhI adhikAMza gAthAeM zvetAmbara paramparA ke piNDaniyukti nAmaka graMtha meM yathAvata rUpa meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra kI adhikAMza sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, piNDaniyukti, AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, Avazyakaniyukti, caMdravedhyaka Adi zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya (103)

Page #108
uparyukta graMthoM se saMkalita hai| Azcarya to yaha lagatA hai ki hamArI digambara paramparA ke vidvAn mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke graMthoM se mAtra 21 gAthAeM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hone para ise kundakunda kI kRti siddha karane kA sAhasa karate haiM aura jisa paramparA ke graMthoM se isakI AdhI se adhika gAthAeM samAna rUpa se milatI haiM, usake sAtha isakI nikaTatA ko dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| mUlAcAra kI racanA usI paramparA meM sambhava ho sakatI hai, jisa paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka niyukti, piNDa niyukti, mahApaccakkhANa, AurapaccakhANa Adi graMthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA rahI hai| vartamAna kI khojoM se yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM ina graMthoM kA adhyayana hotA thaa| isI prakAra, yApanIya paramparA meM aparAjitasUri ne uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika para TIkAeM likhakara isI bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki isakA adhyayana aura adhyApana unakI paramparA meM pracalita thaa| jo paramparA Agama graMthoM kA sarvathA lopa mAnatI hai, usa paramparA meM mUlAcAra jaise graMtha kI racanA sambhava nahIM pratIta hotii| yaha spaSTa hai ki jahAM dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita digambara acela paramparA AgamoM ke viccheda kI bAta kara rahI thI, vahIM uttara bhArata meM vikasita hokara dakSiNa kI ora jAne vAlI isa yApanIya-paramparA meM AgamoM kA adhyayana barAbara cala rahA thaa| ataH, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra kI racanA kundakunda kI digambara paramparA meM na hokara yApanIyoM kI acela paramparA meM huI hai| svayaM mUlAcAra ke pAMcaveM paMcAcAra nAmaka adhikAra kI 79 vIM gAthA meM 13 aura 387 vIM gAthA meM 14 AcArakalpa, jItakalpa, Avazyakaniyukti, ArAdhanA, maraNavibhakti, paccakkhANa, Avazyaka dharmakathA (jJAtAdharmakathA) Adi graMthoM ke adhyayana ke spaSTa nirdeza haiN| merI dRSTi se ukta gAthAoM meM nimna graMthoM kA nirdeza hotA hai - 1. ArAdhanA, 2. niyukti, 3. maraNavibhakti, 4. saMgraha (paMcasaMgraha), 5. stuti (devindatthuI),6. pratyAkhyAna, 7. Avazyaka aura 8. jnyaataadhrmkthaa| sarvaprathama yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ina graMthoM meM kauna-kaunase graMtha zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya evaM upalabdha haiM aura kauna-kaunase digambara paramparA meM mAnya evaM (104)

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upalabdha haiN| ina graMthoM meM sarvaprathama ArAdhanA kA nAma hai| ArAdhanA ke nAma se suparicita graMtha zivArya kA bhagavatI ArAdhanA yA mUlArAdhanA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA mUlataH digambara paramparA kA graMtha na hokara yApanIya saMgha kA graMtha hai| mUlAcAra meM jisa ArAdhanA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhagavatI ArAdhanA hI hai| mUlAcAra bhI usI yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki mUlAcAra ke racanAkAra ne sarvaprathama usI graMtha kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM ArAdhanA nAma kA koI graMtha nahIM hai, yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM maraNavibhakti nAma kA jo graMtha hai, usakI racanA jina ATha prAcIna zruta graMthoM ke AdhAra para mAnI jAtI hai, unameM maraNavibhakti, maraNavizodhi, maraNasamAdhi, saMlekhanAzruta, bhattaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura ArAdhanA haiN| prastuta gAthA meM maraNavibhakti, pratyAkhyAna aura ArAdhanA- aise tIna svataMtra graMthoM ke ullekha haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki mUlAcAra kA ArAdhanA se tAtparya isI prAcIna ArAdhanA se rahA hogaa| yaha ArAdhanA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI racanA kA bhI adhikAra rahI hai| yadi hama ArAdhanA kA tAtparya bhagavatI ArAdhanA lete haiM, to hameM itanA nizcita rUpa se svIkAra karanA hogA ki mUlAcAra kA racanAkAla bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI racanA ke bAda kA hai aura donoM graMthoM ke AMtarika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirNaya karanA hogA ki inameM se kauna prAcIna hai| cUMki yaha eka svataMtra nibaMdha kA viSaya hogA, isalie isakI adhika gaharAI meM nahIM jAnA cAhatA, kiMtu itanA avazya ullekha karUMgA ki yadi bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI racanA mUlAcAra se paravartI hai, to mUlAcAra meM likhita yaha ArAdhanA maraNasamAdhi kI aMgIbhUta ArAdhanA hI hai| donoM kA nAma sAmya bhI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karatA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI samaya ArAdhanA svataMtra graMtha thA, jo Aja maraNavibhakti meM samAhita ho gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Agama graMthoM kI prAcInatama vyAkhyAoM ke rUpa meM niyuktiyAM likhI giiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM dasa niyuktiyAM suprasiddha haiN| niyukti sambhavataH dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai, kiMtu kucha niyuktiyAM usase bhI prAcIna haiN| yaha bhI suspaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra meM (105)

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Avazyakaniyukti kI 80 se adhika gAthAeM spaSTataH milatI haiN| ataH, yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta gAthA meM niyukti kA jo ullekha hai, vaha zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM se hI hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki adhikAMza niyuktiyAM bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke dvArA racita haiM aura ina bhadrabAhu kA samaya vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI hai| isameM eka bAta avazya spaSTa hotI hai ki mUlAcAra vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA nahIM hai| mUlAcArakAra yaha kahakara- 'aba maiM AcArya paramparA se yathAgata Avazyakaniyukti ko saMkSepa meM kahUMgA', isa tathya kI svayaM puSTi karatA hai ki usake samakSa Avazyakaniyukti nAmaka graMtha rahA hai| dUsare, asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3hane yogya graMthoM kI sUcI meM niyukti kA ullekha bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karatA hai| digambara paramparA meM niyuktiyAM likhI gaIM- aisA koI bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH mUlAcAra meM niyukti se tAtparya zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI pracalita niyuktiyoM se hI hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya Agamika graMtha eka hI the, unameM mAtra zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kA bhASA-bheda thaa| mUlAcAra meM jisa tIsare graMtha maraNavibhakti kA ullekha huA hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke dasa prakIrNakoM meM se eka hai| yaha maraNavibhakti aura maraNasamAdhi- ina do nAmoM se ullikhita hai| svayaM graMthakAra ne bhI ise maraNavibhakti kahA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra dvArA nirdiSTa maraNavibhakti zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha maraNavibhakti hI hai| digambara paramparA meM maraNavibhakti nAma kA koI graMtha rahA hoaisA ullekha mujho dekhane ko nahIM milA hai, yadyapi mUlAcAra meM ullikhita maraNavibhakti vartamAna maraNavibhakti kA eka bhAga mAtra thI, kyoMki vartamAna maraNavibhakti ATha prAcIna graMthoM kA saMkalana hai| __ jisa cauthe graMtha kA ullekha hameM mUlAcAra meM milatA hai, vaha saMgraha hai| saMgraha se graMthakAra kA kyA tAtparya hai- yaha vicAraNIya hai| paMca-saMgraha ke nAma se karmasAhitya sambaMdhI graMtha zvetAmbara evaM digambara- donoM hI paramparAoM meM upalabdha hai| isake atirikta, digambara paramparA meM paMcAstikAya ko bhI 'paMcatthikAyasaMgahasutta' kahA gayA hai| svayaM isa graMtha ke kartA ne bhI isa graMtha ko saMgraha kahA hai, (106)

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ataH eka vikalpa to yaha ho sakatA hai ki saMgraha se tAtparya 'paMcatthikAya saMgaha' se ho, kiMtu yahI ekamAtra vikalpa ho, hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki aneka AdhAroM para mUlAcAra paMcAstikAya kI apekSA prAcIna hai| dUsare, yadi mUlAcAra ko kundakunda ke graMthoM kA ullekha iSTa hotA, to ve samayasAra kA bhI ullekha krte| punaH, kundakunda dvArA 'samaya' zabda kA jisa artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai, mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra meM 'samaya' zabda usase bhinna artha meM grahaNa huA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMgrahaNIsUtra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| paMcakalpamahAbhASya ke anusAra saMgrahaNiyoM kI racanA AcArya kAlaka ne kI thii| pAkSikasUtra meM niyukti aura saMgrahaNI- donoM kA ullekha hai| saMgrahaNI Agamika graMthoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya dene vAlI racanA hai| cUMki AgamoM kA asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3hanA varjita thA, ataH yaha ho sakatA hai ki AcArya kAlaka Adi kI dRSTi meM jo saMgrahiNiyAM thIM, unhIM se graMthakAra kA tAtparya rahA ho| saMgraha se paMcasaMgraha artha grahaNa karane para samasyA uTha khar3I hotI hai| zvetAmbara paMcasaMgraha, jo caMdraRSi kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM sAtavIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA nahIM hai| digambara paramparA kA paMcasaMgraha to aura bhI paravartI hI siddha hotA hai| usameM upalabdha dhavalA Adi kA kucha aMza use 10 vI -11 vIM zatI taka le jAtA hai| ataH, mUlAcAra meM saMgraha ke rUpa meM jisa graMtha kA ullekha hai, vaha graMtha vartamAna zvetAmbara digambara-paramparA kA upalabdha paMcasaMgraha to nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA hameM mUlAcAra kI tithi ko kAphI nIce le jAnA hogaa| gAthA ke saMdarbha-sthala ko dekhate hue use prakSipta bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadyapi yaha bAta nizcita hI satya hai ki paMcasaMgraha meM jina graMthoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, unameM kucha graMtha zivazarmasUri kI racanAeM haiM aura isa dRSTi se prAcIna bhI haiN| sambhavataH, yahI lagatA hai ki upalabdha paMcasaMgraha ke pUrva bhI karma siddhAMta se sambaMdhita kasAyapAhaDa, sataka, sittarI Adi kucha graMthoM kA eka saMgraha rahA hogA aura jo saMgraha nAma se prasiddha thaa| ho sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra ne usI kA ullekha kiyA ho| thudi yA stuti se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya kisa graMtha se hai- yaha bhI spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne isakA tAtparya samantabhadra kI 'devAgama' nAmaka stuti (107)

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racanA se liyA hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM yaha ucita nahIM hai| prathama to samantabhadra kA kAla bhI vivAdAspada hai, use kisI bhI sthiti meM mUlAcAra kA pUrvavartI mAnanA samucita nahIM hai| vastutaH, thudi nAma se koI prAkRta racanA hI rahanI caahie| zvetAmbara paramparA meM thuI ke nAma se vIratthuI aura devindatthao ina do kA ullekha milatA hai| vIratthuI sUtrakRtAMga kA bhI eka adhyAya hai, jabaki devindatthao kI gaNanA dasa prakIrNakoM meM kI jAtI hai| vaise prakIrNakoM meM hI vIratthao (vIrastava) eka svataMtra graMtha bhI hai aura isakI viSayavastu sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThaveM adhyAya vIratthuI se bhinna hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva-carcA meM dekhA, mUlAcAra kI prastuta gAthA meM jina graMthoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai, unameM adhikatara zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNakoM ke nAmoM se milate haiM, ataH prastuta gAthA meM thuI nAmaka graMtha se tAtparya prakIrNakoM meM samAviSTa devindatthao aura vIratthao se hI honA caahie| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'thudi' se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya yA to sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThaveM adhyAya meM aMtarnihita 'vIratthuI' se rahA hogA yA phira devindatthao nAmaka prakIrNaka se hogA, kyoMki yaha IsA pUrva prathama zatI meM racita eka prAcIna prakIrNaka hai (isa sambaMdha meM mere dvArA sampAdita evaM Agama saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita 'deviMdatthao' kI bhUmikA dekheN)| prakIrNakoM meM samAhita vIratthuo mujhe mUlAcAra kI apekSA paravartI racanA lagatI hai| paccakkhANa nAmaka graMtha se mUlAcAra kA mantavya kyA hai, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| digambara paramparA meM paccakkhANa nAmaka koI graMtha hai- aisA jJAta nahIM hotA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke aMtargata AurapaccakkhANa aura mahApaccakkhANa nAmaka do graMtha haiN| ataH, spaSTa hai ki paccakkhANa se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya AurapaccakkhANa tathA mahApaccakkhANa nAmaka graMthoM se hI hai| mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra vasunandI ne ise spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| kevala itanA hI kahakara chor3a diyA hai ki vidhi aura caturvidha parityAga kA pratipAdaka graMtha, kiMtu aisA koI graMtha zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparA meM rahA hai- aisA dhyAna meM nahIM aataa| jaba mUlAcAra meM AurapaccakkhANa kI hI 70 gAthAeM mila rahI hai, isake atirikta mahApaccakkhANa kI bhI gAthAeM usameM thI hI, isase siddha hotA hai ki paccakkhANa se mUlAcArakAra kA tAtparya AurapaccakkhANa aura mahApaccakkhANa se hI hai| (108)

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AvAsaya yA Avazyaka se mUlAcArakAra kA tAtparya kisa graMtha se haiyaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne mAtra kevala itanA nirdeza diyA hai ki Avazyaka se tAtparya sAmAyika Adi SaD-Avazyaka kAryoM kA pratipAdaka graMthA digambara paramparA meM isa prakAra kA koI graMtha nahIM rahA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM Avazyaka nAmaka svataMtra graMtha prAcIna kAla se upalabdha hai aura usakI gaNanA graMtha ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ataH, spaSTa hai ki mUlAcArakAra kA Avazyaka se tAtparya zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AvazyakasUtra se hI hai| . aMtima graMtha, jisakA isa gAthA meM ullekha hai, vaha dharmakathA hai| yaha bAta nizcita hI vicAraNIya hai ki dharmakathA se graMthakAra kA tAtparya kisa graMtha se hai| digambara paramparA meM dharmakathAnuyoga ke rUpa meM jo purANa Adi sAhitya upalabdha hai, vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM mUlAcAra se pUrvavartI nahIM hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne dharmakathA se triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra Adi kA jo tAtparya liyA hai, vaha taba taka grAhya nahIM bana sakatA, jaba taka ki triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra kA vivecana karane vAle mUlAcAra se pUrva ke koI graMtha hoN| yadi hama triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra se sambaMdhita graMthoM ko dekhate haiM, to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sabhI graMtha mUlAcAra se paravartI hI haiM, ataH yaha prazna anuttarita hI rahatA hai ki dharmakathA se mUlAcAra kA kyA tAtparya hai| isake uttara ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane do vikalpa haiM, yA to hama yaha mAneM ki mUlAcAra kI racanA ke pUrva bhI kucha caritra graMtha rahe hoMge, jo dharmakathA ke nAma se jAne jAte hoMge, kiMtu yaha kalpanA adhika saMtoSajanaka nahIM lgtii| dUsarA vikalpa yaha ho sakatA hai ki dharmakathA se tAtparya 'nAyadhammakahA' se to nhiiN| yaha sarvamAnya hai ki 'nAyadhammakahA' kI viSayavastu dharmakaMthAnuyoga se.sambaMdhita hai| isa vikalpa ko svIkAra karane meM kevala eka hI kaThinAI hai ki kucha aMga Agama bhI asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3he jA sakate haiM- yaha mAnanA hogaa| eka aura vikalpa ho sakatA hai| dharmakathA se tAtparya kahIM 'paumacariya' Adi graMtha se to nahIM hai, lekina yaha kalpanA hI hai| merI dRSTi meM to 'dhammakahA' se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya 'nAyadhammakahA' se hogaa| mUlAcAra meM uparyukta graMthoM ke atirikta AyArakappa' aura 'jIdakappa'- aise do graMthoM kI aura (109)

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sUcanA milatI hai, ataH inake sambaMdha meM bhI vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM meM cheda sUtroM ke aMtargata AcArakalpa (dazAzrutaskaMdha-AcAradazA ) aura jItakalpa ke ullekha upalabdha haiN| yApanIya paramparA ke eka anya graMtha chedazAstra meM bhI prAyazcitta ke saMdarbha meM AcArakalpa aura jItakalpa kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArakalpa aura jItakalpa muni jIvana ke AcAra niyamoM tathA unase sambaMdhita prAyazcittoM kA varNana karate haiN| paMcAcArAdhikAra meM tapAcAra ke saMdarbha meM jo ina do graMthoM ke ullekha haiM, ve vastutaH zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AcAradazA aura jItakalpa hI haiN| yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki digambara AcAryoM ne yApanIya paramparA ke sambaMdha meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki ye kalpasUtra kA vAcana karate haiN| smaraNa rahe ki AcArakalpa aura AThavAM adhyayana paryuSaNAkalpa ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura paryuSaNa parva ke . avasara para zvetAmbara paramparA meM par3hA jAtA hai| " isa prakAra dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra meM jina graMthoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai lagabhaga ve sabhI graMtha Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aura pracalita haiN| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki Agamika graMthoM ke saMdarbha meM mUlAcAra kI paramparA zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa hai| yApanIyoM ke saMdarbha meM yaha spaSTa hai ki ve zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama sAhitya ko mAnya karate the| yaha,hama pUrva meM bhI sUcita kara cuke haiM ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM jina graMthoM kA nirmANa I. san kI dUsarI zatI taka huA thA, usake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM hI rahe haiN| ataH mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya graMthoM kA ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki vaha yApanIya pararamparA kA graMtha hai| saMdarbha mUlAcAra (saM. jJAnamatI mAtAjI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha) bhUmikA, pR.11, sAtha hI dekheM - DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina kI pradhAna sampAdakIya, pR.6 vistRta carcA ke lie dekheM- jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM.nAthUrAmajI premI, saMzodhita sAhityamAlA, ThAkuradvArA bambaI, 1956, pR. 548-553

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3. AyArajIdakappaguNadIvaNA appasodhi nnijjhNjhaa| ajava-maddava-lAghava-vuTTI palhAdaNaM ca guNA // 387 // -mUlAcAra ArAhaNaNijjuttI maraNavibhattI ya sNghtthudio| paccakkhANAvAsaya dhammakahAo ya erasio // 279 // -mUlAcAra bAvIsaM titthayarA sAmAiyasaMjamaM uvdisNti| cheovaTThAvaNiyaM puNa bhayavaM usaho usaho ya vIro yA 7-36 sapaDikkamaNo dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa jinnss| avarAhapaDikkamaNaM majjhimayANaM jiNavarANaM // 628 // -mUlAcAra dekhie- paM. sukhalAla saMghavI 'paMcapratikramaNa sUtra' bhuumikaa| 8. AvAsayaNijuttI vocchAmi jahAkamaM smaasenn|' sAmAiyaNijjuttI esA kahiyA mae smaasenn|' 'cauvIsathayamijuttI esA kahiyA mae samAseNa' aadi| 9. AvasayaNijuttI evaM kadhidA samAsao vihinnaa| 10. eso ajANaMpi a samAcAro jahAkkhio puvvN| savvamhi ahoratte vibhAsidavvo jadhAjoggaM // 187 // 11. dekhie- kundakunda amRtasaMgraha gA. 24-27, pR.saM.135 : saMpA. paM. kailAzacaMdra zAstrI, 12. evaM vidhANacariyaM caraMti je sAdhavo ya ajaao| jagapujaM te kittiM suhaM ca labhrUNa sijhaMti // 96 // -mUlAcAra 13. ArAhaNA nijutti maraNavibhattIyaM sNghthudio| paccakhANAvAsaya dhammakahAo ya erisao // 279 // -mUlAcAra 14. . AyAra jIdakappa guNa dIvaNA ... // 387 // -mUlAcAra

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upAgA upAMga sAhitya sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sAmagrI (eka saMkalana) jaina Agama sAhitya meM upAMga sAhitya kA mahattva usameM upalabdha sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sAmagrI hai| upAMga sAhitya meM jIvAjIvAbhigama aura prajJApanA ke atirikta zeSa graMthoM meM jaina tattvajJAna kI apekSA sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika tathyoM kI sUcanAeM adhika haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, jIvAjIvAbhigama aura prajJApanA meM bhI jIvavijJAna, zarIra saMracanA, bhASA, sabhyadeza Adi se sambaMdhita anekoM sUcanAeM haiN| aupapAtika aura rAjapraznIya meM nagara saMracanA, bhASA sabhyadeza Adi se sambaMdhita anekoM sUcanAeM haiN| aupapAtika aura rAjapraznIya meM nagara saMracanA aura caMdrasUrya prajJapti meM prAcIna jyotiSazAstra se sambaMdhita aneka sUcanAeM haiN| jIvAjIvAbhigama vanaspatijagat aura pazujagat ke sambaMdha meM vizeSa jAnakArI pradAna karatA hai, to jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM bhUgola aura kAlacakra sambaMdhI sUcanAeM haiN| prastuta Alekha meM upAMga sAhitya ke graMthoM ke AdhAra para jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa bhAga 2 meM saMkalita kucha mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI yahAM prastuta kI jA rahI hai| hameM vizvAsa hai ki prastuta sAmagrI ko par3hakara jijJAsuoM meM upAMga sAhitya ke adhyayana kI vizeSa ruci utpanna hogii| aupapAtikasUtra meM daNDa ke nimna prakAroM kA ullekha hai- lohe yA lakar3I ke baMdhana meM hAtha paira bAMdha denA (aMDubaddhaga), lohe kI jaMjIra meM paira bAMdha denA (Niabaddhaga), pairoM meM bhArI lakar3I bAMdha denA (haDibaddhaga), jala meM DAla denA (cAragabaddhaga), hAtha, paira, kAna, nAka, oMTha, jIbha, sira, mukha (gale kI nalI), udara aura liMga (vekaccha) ko cheda denA, kaleje kA mAMsa khIMca lenA, AMkha, dAMta, aNDakoSa aura grIvA ko khIMca lenA, cAvala ke barAbara zarIra ke Tukar3e kara denA, ina Tukar3oM ko jabardastI bhakSaNa karanA, rassI se bAMdhakara gaDDhe meM laTakA denA, hAtha bAMdhakara vRkSa kI zAkhA meM laTakA denA, caMdana kI bhAMti bilonA, lakar3I kI bhAMti phar3anA, Ikha kI bhAMti peranA, zUlI para car3hA denA, zUla ko mastaka ke Ara-pAra kara denA, khAra meM DAla denA, camar3e kI bhAMti ukhAr3anA, liMga ko tor3anA, dAvAnala meM jalA denA aura kIcar3a meM Dubo denaa|

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mRtyu ke prakAra bhUkha Adi se pIr3ita hokara mara jAnA, iMdriyoM kI paravazatA ke kAraNa mara jAnA, nidAna (icchA) karake maranA, bhItarI ghAva se maranA, parvata yA vRkSa se girakara yA nirjala deta meM maranA, jala meM DUbakara maranA, viSa bhakSaNa kara athavA zastraghAta se maranA, phAMsI para laTaka jAnA, giddha pakSiyoM se nidArita kiyA jAnA yA kisI jaMgala meM prANa tyAga denA (38) / upAMga sAhitya meM vratI sAdhu, tApasa parivrAjaka aura zramaNa upAMga sAhitya ke prathama graMtha aupapAtikasUtra meM usa yuga ke vratI, sAdhu, parivrAjaka, zramaNa Adi kA ullekha milatA hai, jo usa yuga kI dharma paramparA yA sAdhanA vidhiyoM ke jJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| (a) vratI aura sAdhu gautama : yaha baila logoM ke caraNa sparza karatA thA, bhikSA mAMgate samaya gautama sAdhu isa baila ko sAtha rakhate the| . govratika : govrata rakhane vaale| gAya kI taraha ye sAdhu tRNa-patra Adi kA hI bhojana karate. haiM aura usake samAna hI caryA karate haiN| isakA ullekha majjhimanikAya Adi meM bhI milatA hai| - gRhidharma : ye deva aura atithi Adi ko dAna dekara saMtuSTa karate haiN| isa prakAra gRhastha dharma kA pAlana karate haiN| - dharmaciMtaka - dharmazAstra ke paatthk| aviruddha : jo devatA, rAjA, mAtA, pitA, pazu Adi kI sammAnabhAva se bhakti karate hoM, jaise vaishyaaynputr| sabakI vinaya karane ke kAraNa ye vinayavAdI bhI kahe jAte haiN| gItA meM isa dRSTikoNa kA ullekha hai| viruddha : inheM akriyAvAdI bhI kahate haiM, puNya-pApa, paraloka Adi meM ye vizvAsa nahIM krte| . vRddha : vRddha avasthA meM saMnyAsa grahaNa karane vAle yA pUrva se calI AI vRddha paramparA ko mAnane vaale| zrAvaka : dharmazAstra sunane vAle braahmnn| ye sabhI sAdhu sarasoM ke tela ko

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chor3akara nau rasoM-dUdha, dahI, makkhana, ghI, tela, gur3a, madya aura mAMsa kA bhakSaNa nahIM karate the (38) / (ba) vAnaprasthItApasa hottiya : agnihotra karane vaale| pottiya : vstrdhaarii| kottiya : bhUmi para sone vaale| jaNNaI : yajJa karane vaale| saDaI : shrddhaashiil| thAlaI : saba sAmAna yA thAlI Adi lekara calane vaale| hubauTTa : kuNDI lekara calane vaale| daMtukkhaliya : dAMtoM se cabAkara khAne vaale| ummajaka : ummajana mAtra se DubakI lagAkara snAna karane vaale| sammajaka : aneka bAra snAna karane vaale| nimajaka : jala meM nimagna yA DUba rahane vaale| saMpakkhAla : zarIra para miTTI lagAkara snAna karane vAle yA mAtra zarIra kA prakSAlana karane vaale| dakkhiNakUlaga : gaMgA ke dakSiNa taTa para rahane vaale| uttarakUlaga : gaMgA ke uttara taTa para rahane vaale| saMkhadhamaka : zaMkha bajAkara bhojana karane vaale| kUladhamaka : nadI ke kinAre para khar3e hokara AvAja karake bhojana karane vaale| miyaluddhaya : pazuoM kA mAMsa, pazubhakSaNa karane vaale| hatthitAvasa : jo hAthI ko mArakara usakA mAMsa sukhAkara usakA hI bahuta kAla taka bhakSaNa karane vaale| ina tapasviyoM kA kahanA thA ki ve eka hAthI ko eka varSa meM mArakara kevala eka hI pApa kA saMcaya karate haiM aura isa taraha alpa hiMsA karate haiM, sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| uDDaMDaka : jo daNDa ko Upara karake calate the| disApokkhI : jo jala dvArA dizAoM ko siMcit kara puSpa, phala Adi baTorate hoN| vakkavAsI : vakkala ke vastra pahanane vaale| .

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ambuvAsI : jala meM rahane vaale| bilavAsI : bila meM rahane vaale| jalavAsI : jala meM nimagna hokara baiThe rahane vaale| velavAsI : samudra ke kinAre rahane vaale| rUkkhamUliA : vRkSa ke nIce rahane vaale| ambubhakkhI : jala bhakSaNa karane vaale| bADabhakkhI : havA pIkara rahane vaale| sevAlabhakkhI : zevAla khAkara rahane vaale| inameM se aneka tapasvI kaMdamUla, chAla, patte, puSpa aura bIja khAkara rahate the (38) / isakA ullekha nirayAvalikA nAmaka upAMga meM bhI hai| pravrajita zramaNa saMkhA : saaNkhy| jJAtavya hai ki yahAM sAMkhyoM ko zramaNa paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai| joI : yogazAstra ke anuyaayii| kavila : kapila ke mata ko mAnane vaale| bhiucca : bhRgu RSi ke anuyaayii| haMsa : jo parvata, kuhara, patha, Azrama, devakula aura ArAma meM rahate the tathA mAtra zikSA ke lie gAMva meM paryaTana karate the| paramahaMsa : jo nadItaTa aura unake saMgama-pradezoM meM nagna avasthA meM rahate the| bahuudaya : jo gAMva meM eka rAta aura nagara meM pAMca rAta rahate hoN| kuDivyaya : jo kuTI banAkara rahate the tathA krodha, lobha aura moharahita hokara ahaMkAra kA tyAga karane ke lie prayatnazIla rahate the| kaNhaparivvAyaga : kRSNa parivrAjaka athavA nArAyaNa ke bhakta (38) / ___ brAhmaNaparivrAjaka : kaNDu (athavA kaNNa), karakaMDu, aMbaDa', pArAsara, kRSNa, dvaipAyana, devagupta aura nnaard| kSatriya parivrAjaka : selaI (zailakIya), sasihAra (sasihara athavA masihara?), NaggaI (nagnajit), bhaggaI, videha, namirAjarSi kA janaka kI paramparA ke mAnane vAle, rAyArAma rAma ke upAsaka, bala-baladeva ke upaask|

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ye parivrAjaka Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda, itihAsa, nighaMTu,paSThitaMtra gaNita, zikSAkalpa, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, nirukta aura jyotiSazAstra tathA anya brAhmaNa graMthoM meM niSNAta the| ye dAna, zauca aura tIrthasnAna kA upadeza dete the| inakA kahanA thA ki jo padArtha azuci hai, vaha miTTI yA jala se dhone se pavitra ho jAtA hai| ye parivrAjaka kUpa, tAlAba, nadI, vApI, puSkariNI, dordhikA, guMjAlikA, sara aura sAgara meM praveza nahIM krte| gAr3I, pAlakI Adi meM baitthte| ghor3A, hAthI, UMTa, baila, bhaiMsa aura gadhe para savAra nahIM hote| naTa, mAgadha Adi kA khela nahIM dekhte| harita vastu kA lepa aura unmUlana Adi nahIM krte| bhaktakathA, dezakathA, rAjakathA aura corakathA nahIM kahate aura anarthadaNDa nahIM krte| ve lohe, rAMge, tAMbe, jaste, sIse, cAMdI va sone ke tathA anya bahumUlya pAtroM ko dhAraNa nahIM karate, kevala tuMbI, lakar3I yA miTTI ke pAtra hI rkhte| bhAMti-bhAMti ke raMga-biraMge vastra nahIM pahanate, kevala gerue vastra (dhAuratta) ho phnte| hAra, arthahAra Adi kImatI AbhUSaNa nahIM pahanate, kevala eka tAmbe kI aMgUThI phnte| mAlAeM dhAraNa nahIM karate, kevala eka karNapUra hI phnte| aguru, caMdana aura kuMkuma se apane zarIra para lepa nahIM kara sakate, kevala gaMgA kI miTTI ko hI upayoga kara skte| ve kIcar3arahita bahatA huA, chAnA huA athavA kisI ke dvArA diyA huA, magadha deza ke eka prastha jitanA-jitanA svaccha jala kevala pIne ke lie grahaNa karate, thAlI cammaca dhone athavA snAna Adi karane ke lie nhiiN| aupapAtika sUrya ke anusAra ye parivrAjaka marakara brahmaloka meM utpanna hote (38) / ammaDa parivrAjaka ke ziSyoM kI sallekhanA kA ullekha ammaDa parivrAjaka ke sAtha ziSyoM ne jyeSTha mAsa meM gaMgA ke kinArekinAre kaMpillapura nagara nagara se puramitAla kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| inhoMne jala kA dAtA na milane para gaMgA kI bAlu meM sallekhanA dhAraNa kara lI thI (37) / ammaDa parivrAjaka ammaDa parivrAjaka kaMpillapura nagara meM kevala sau gharoM se AhAra letA thA aura sau gharoM vasati grahaNa karatA thaa| usane chaTThamacha? tapokarma se sUrya ke abhimukha Urva bAhu karake AtApanA bhUmi se AtApanA karate hue avadhijJAna prApta kiyA thaa| vaha jala meM praveza nahIM karatA, gAr3I Adi meM nahIM baiThatA. gaMgA

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kI miTTI ke atirikta anya kisI vastu kA zarIra meM lepa nahIM krtaa| apane lie banAyA huA AvAkarma, auddezika Adi bhojana grahaNa nahIM krtaa| kAMtArabhakta, durbhikSa-bhakta, prAghUrNaka-bhakta (atithiyoM ke lie banAyA bhojana) tathA durdina meM banAyA huA bhojana grahaNa nahIM krtaa| apadhyAna, pramAdacaryA, hiMsApradhAna aura pApakarma kA upadeza nahIM detaa| vaha kIcar3arahita, bahatA huA, chAnA huA, magadha deza ke Adhe Ar3haka ke pramANa meM svaccha jala kevala pIne ke lie grahaNa karatA thaa| isa prakAra usakI bahuta kucha caryA nirgranthoM ke samAna thii| vaha bhI sallekhanApUrvaka kAladharma ko prApta kara vaha brahmaloka meM utpanna huA (37) / . upAMgoM meM gRhastha jIvana ke saMskAroM kA ullekha aupapAtikasUtra meM janmadivasa kI khuzI meM pahale dina ThiivaDiya (sthitipatitA) utsava, dUsare dina caMdra-sUryadarzana aura chaThaveM dina jAgarikA (rAtrijAgaraNa) utsava, gyArahaveM dina sUtaka bIta jAne para bArahaveM dina ke ullekha hai| upAMga sAhitya meM ullekhita aupapAtika nAmaka upAMga meM nimnAMkita 72 kalAoM kA ullekha milatA hai1. leha (lekhana) 2. gaNiya (gaNita) 3. rUba (citra banAnA) . naTTa (nRtya) vAiya (vAditra) saragaya (sAta svaroM kA jJAna) pokkharagaya (mRdaMga vagairaha bajAne kA jJAna) samatAla (gIta Adi ke samatAla kA jJAna) 9... raoNya (juA) jaNavaya (eka prakAra kA juA) 11. pAsaya (pAse kA jJAna) 12. aTThAvaya (caupar3a) 13. porekanva (zIghrakavitva) 14. dagamaTTiya (mizrita dravyoM kA pRthakkaraNa vidyA) 15. aNavihi (pAkavidyA) (117 10.

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21. 16. pANavihi (pAnI svaccha karane aura usake guNa doSa parakhane ko vidyA athavA jala-pAna kI vidhi) 17. vatthavihi (vastra pahanane kI vidyA) 18. vileSaNavihi (kezara, caMdana Adi ke lepana karane kI vidyA) 19. sayAvihi (palaMga, bistara Adi ke pariNAma kA jJAna athavA zayana sambaMdhI jJAna) 20. aja (AryA chaMda ke bheda-prabhedoM kA jJAna) paheliya (pahelI kA jJAna) 22. mAgahiya (mAgadhI chaMda kA jJAna) 23. gAhA (gAthA kA jJAna) 24. siloya (zloka ke bheda-prabhedoM kA jJAna) 25. hiraNNajuttI (suvarNa ke AbhUSaNa pahanane kA jJAna) 26. suvaNNajuttI (suvarNa ke AbhUSaNa pahanane kA jJAna) cuNNajuttI (snAna, maMjana Adi ke lie cUrNa banAne kI yukti) 28. AbharaNavihi (AbharaNa pahanane kI vidhi) 29. taruNIDikamma (yuvatiyoM ke suMdara hone kI vidhi) 30. itthIlakkhaNa (striyoM ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) 31. purisalakkhaNa (puruSoM ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) , 32. hayalakkhaNa (ghor3oM ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) 33. gayalakkhaNa (hAthiyoM ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) goNalakkhaNa (gAyoM ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) 35. kulkuDalakkhaNa (murgoM ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) cakkalakkhaNa (cakra ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) chattalakkhaNa (chaha ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) cammalakkhaNa (camar3e ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) daMDalakkhaNa (daMDa ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) asilakkhaNa (talavAra ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) 41. maNikkhaNa (maNi ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) 42. kAkaNIlakkhaNa (kAkaNI ratna ke lakSaNa kA jJAna) 3 37. 40.

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55. 43: vatthuvidyA (vAstuvidyA) 44. . khaMdhAramANa (senA ke parimANa kA jJAna) 45. nagaramANa (nagara ke parimANa kA jJAna) 46. vatthunivesaraNa (ghara kI nIMva Adi rakhane kA jJAna) 47. vUha (vyUha racanA kA jJAna) 48. paDivUha (pratidvaMdvI ke vyUha kA jJAna) cAra (grahoM kI gati Adi kA jJAna) praticAra (grahoM kI pratikUla gati kA jJAna) cakravyUha 52. garuDavyUha 53. zakaTavyUha 54. juddha (yuddha) nijuddha (mallayuddha) juddhAtijuddha (ghorayuddha) muTThijuddha (muSTiyuddha) 58. bAhuz2uddha (bAhuyuddha) layAyuddha (latA kI bhAMti zatru se lipaTakara yuddha karanA) isattha (iSu arthAt bANa aura astroM kA jJAna) charuppavAyaM (khaDgavidyA) dhaNuvveya (dhanurveda) 63. hariNNapAga (cAMdI banAne kI kImiyA) 64. suvvaNapAga (sonA banAne kI kImiyA) 65. vaTTakheDa (vastra kA khela banAnA) 66. . suttekhaDa' (rassI yA DorI se khela karanA) 67. NaliyAkheDa (eka prakAra kA juA) 68. pattecchejja (patraracanA) 69. kauccheja (aneka vastuoM ko kramazaH chedanA) sajIva (mRta dhAtuoM ko svAbhAvika rUpa se lAnA) 71. nijIva' (suvarNa Adi dhAtuoM kA mAranA) 61. 62.

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72. seuNarua (zakuna aura vibhinna AvAjoM kA jnyaan)| . rAyapaseNIya aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti nAmaka upAMga kI TIkA meM bhI ina kalAoM ke ullekha haiN| AjIvika zramaNa - durgharaMtariyA : eka ghara meM bhikSA grahaNa kara do ghara chor3akara bhikSA lene vaale| tigharaMtariyA : eka ghara meM bhikSA grahaNa kara tIna ghara chor3a kara bhikSA lene vaale| sattagharaMtariyA : eka ghara meM bhikSA grahaNa kara sAta ghara chor3akara bhikSA . lene vaale| uppabeTiyA : kamala meM DaMThala khAkara rahane vaale| .. gharasamudANiya : pratyeka ghara se bhikSA lene vaale| . . vijuaMtariyA : bijalI girane ke samaya bhikSA na lene vaale| uTTiyasamaNa : kisI bar3e miTTI ke bartana meM baiThakara tapa karane vaale| aupapAtikasUtra ke anusAra ye AjIvika zramaNa marakara acyuta svarga meM utpanna hote haiN| AjIvika mata ke gozAlaka Adi kA ullekha bhagavatIsUtra zataka 15 meM bhI haiN| anya zramaNa : AjIvikoM ke atirikta kucha anya zramaNoM ke ullekha bhI aupApatika sUtra meM haiM, attukkosiya : AtmaprazaMsA karane vaale| paraparivAiya : paraniMdA karane vAle, avrnnvaadii| bhUikammiya : jvaragrasta logoM ko bhUti (rAkha) dekara niroga karane vaale| bhujo-bhujo kAuyakAraka- vRddhi ke lie bAra-bAra snAna Adi karane yatA karana vAlA vaale| sAta nihnava : aupapAtikasUtra meM jaina saMgha meM hue sAta nihnavoM kA bhI ullekha hai bAhurasa : isa mata ke anusAra kArya kriyA ke aMtima samaya meM pUrNa (120)

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hotA hai, kriyamANa vyavasthA meM nhiiN| isa bAta kA pravartaka jamAli' thaa| -jIvapradezika : jIva meM eka bhI pradeza ke pUrNa hone para vaha eka pradeza ho jIva hai| tiSyagupta isa mata ke pravartaka mAne jAte avaktavyavAdI : isa mata ke anusAra samasta jagat avyakta hai| kauna vastutaH kyA hai, yaha batAnA kaThina hai| ASAr3hAcArya isa mata ke pravartaka kahe jAte haiN| sAmucchedika : ye loga sattA ko kSaNasthAyI svIkAra karate haiN| azvamitra isa mata ke saMsthApaka mAne jAte haiN| vastutaH, yaha mata bauddha paramparA se prabhAvita hai| dohiyAvAdI .: isa mata ke anusAra jIva eka hI samaya meM zIta aura uSNa vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai| gaMgAcArya isa mata ke pravartaka haiN| bhairAzika : ye loga jIva, ajIva aura nojIva rUpa trijIva rUpa .. trirAzi ko mAnate haiN| rohagupta isa mata ke pravartaka haiN| isa ullekha se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki aupapAtikasUtra ke isa aMza kI racanA vI.ni.saMvat 584 arthAt IsA kI prathama zatI ke bAda hI huI hai| rAjapraznIya meM sUryAbhadeva ke kathAnaka meM jinabhavana, prekSAgRha Adi kA jo varNana upalabdha hotA hai, usase yaha vidita hotA hai, usa kAla taka zilpakalA, nRtyakalA Adi samyak prakAra se vikasita ho gaI thiiN| usa kAla meM vizAla prekSAgRha banane lage the aura loga unameM baiTha vAdya, nRtya Adi kA AnaMda lete the| rAjapraznIya meM nimna vAdyoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai zaMkha, zrRMga, zrRMgikA, kharamahI (kAhalA), peyA (mahatI), piripirikA (kolikamukhA vanaddhamukhavAdya), paNava (laghupaTaha) paTaha, bhabhA (DhakkA), horambhA (mahADhakkA), bhairo (DhakkAkRti vAdya), jhallarI (carmavinaddhA pistorNavalayAkArA), dundubhI (bheryAkArA saMkaTamukhI devAtodya), muraja (mahAMpramANa mardala), mRdaMga (laghu mardala), naMdI mRdaMga (ekataH saMkIrNa anyatra vistRtoM murajavizeSaH) AliMga (muraja vAdya vizeSa'), kustuMba (camuvanaddhapuTo (121)

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vAdya), gomukhI, mardala (ubhayataH sama) vINA, vipaMcI (tritaMtrI vINA), vallakI (sAmAnyato vINA) mahatI, kacchabhI (bhAratI vINA), citravINA, sabaddhI, suboSA, nadighoSA, bhrAmarI, SaDabhrAmarI, varavAdanI (saptataMtrI vINA), tUNA, tumbavINA, (tuMbayukta vINA), Amoda jhaJjhA, nakula, mukuMda (muraja vAdyavizeSa) huDukkA, 'vicikkI, karaTA', DiMDima, kiNita, kaDaMba, dardara, darda rikA (yasya caturbhizcaraNeravasyAnaM bhUvi sa godhAcArmAvanaddho, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 101), kalazikA, mahuyA, tala, tAla, kAMsyatAla, riMgisikA (riMgisiMgikA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti), lattiyA, magarikA, zizubhArikA, vaMza, veNu, vAlI (tUNavizeSaH, sa hi mukhe datvA vAdyate) parilI aura baddhaka (piralobaddhaka tRNarUpavAdyavizeSau, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, pR.101)3 (59) / ina vAdyoM ke atirikta rAjapraznIya nAmaka upAMga meM nimna nATyavidhiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| nATyavidhi : tatpazcAt sUryAbhadeva ne battIsa prakAra kI nATyavidhiyoM kA pradarzana kiyaa| isa prasaMga para abhinIta battIsa prakAra kI nATyavidhiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai - 1. svastika, zrIvatsa, naMdyAvartta, bha...sa, kalaza, matsya aura darpaNa ke divya abhiny| Avartta, pratyAvarta, zreNI, prazreNI, svastika, sauvastika, puSmAnava, vardhamAnaka (sarAvasaMpuTa), matsyANDaka, makarANDaka', jAra, mAra', puSpAvali, padmapatra, sAgarataraMga, basaMtalatA aura padmalatA ke citra kA abhiny| IhAmRga, vRSabha, ghor3A, nara, magara, pakSI, sarpa, kinnara, ruru, zarabha, camara, kuMjara 5, vanalatA, padmalatA ke citra kA abhiny| / ekatovakra, dvidhAvaka, ekatazcakravAla, dvidhdhAcakravAla, cakrArdha, cakravAla kA abhiny| candrAvalikA pravibhakti, sUryAvalikA pravibhakti, valayAvalikA pravibhakti, iMsAvalikA pravibhakti, ekAvalikA pravibhakti, tArAvalikA pravibhakti, muktAvalikA pravibhakti, kanakAvalikA pravibhakti aura ratnAvalikA pravibhakti kA abhiny| . . (122

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10. caMda caMdrodgamana darzana aura sUryodgamana darzana kA abhiny| caMdrAgama darzana, sUryAgama darzana kA abhiny| caMdrAvaraNa darzana, sUryAvaraNa darzana kA abhiny| caMdrAsta darzana, sUryAsta darzana kA abhiny| caMdramaNDala, sUryamaNDala, nAgamaNDala, yakSamaNDala, bhUtamaNDala, rAkSasa maNDala, gandharvamaNDala ke bhAvoM kA abhiny| drutavilambita abhiny| isameM vRSabha aura siMha tathA ghor3e aura hAthI kI lalita gatiyoM kA abhinaya hai| 12. sAgara aura nAgara ke AkAroM kA abhiny| 13. nandA aura campA kA abhiny| satsyAMu, makarAMDa, jAra aura mAra kI AkRtiyoM kA abhiny| ka, kha, ga, gha, Da. kI AkRtiyoM kA abhiny| 16. ca varga kI AkRtiyoM kA abhiny| 17. Ta varga kI AkRtiyoM kA abhiny| 18. pa varga kI AkRtiyoM kA abhiny| 19. azoka, Amra, jaMbU, kozamba ke pallavoM kA abhiny| 20. ta varga kI AkRtiyoM kA abhiny| 21. padmanAma, azoka, caMpaka, Amra, vana, vAsantI, kuMda, atimuktaka aura zyAmalatA kA abhiny| drutnaatty| 23. vilNbitnaatty| drutavilaMbita naatty| 25. aNcit| ribhita / .. . aNciribhit| 28. aarbhtt| 29. bhasola (athavA bhsl)| 30.. aarbhttbhsol| 31. utpAta, nipAta, saMkucita, prasArita rayAraiya, bhrAMta aura sabhrAMta 24. 27.

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kriyAoM se sambaMdhita abhiny|| 32. mahAvIra ke cyavana, garbhasaMharaNa, janma, abhiSeka, bAlakrIr3A, yauvanadaza, kAbhogalIlA 2, niSkramaNa, tapazcaraNa, jJAnaprApti, tIrthapravartana aura parinirvANa sambaMdhI ghaTanAoM kA abhinaya (66-84) / nATyazAstra meM recit| jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM rocakarecita pATha hai| ArabhaTI zailI se nAcane vAle naTa maNDalAkAra rUpa meM recaka arthAt kamara, hAtha aura grIvA maTakAte hue rAsa nRtya karate the- vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSa-carita, pR.23 2. isase mahAvIra kI gRhasthAvasthA kA sUcana hotA hai| paTaha Adi vAdya tata, vINA Adi vitata, kAMsyatAla Adi ghana aura zaMkha Adi zuSira ke udAharaNa samajhane caahie| citrAvalI (73-8) meM taMta aura vitaMta kA ullekha hai| taMta arthAt tAra ke aura vitaMta arthAt binA tAra meM mar3he hue baaje| jIvAjIvAbhigama (pR.185 a) meM pAyaMta kI jagaha pavattaya (pravRttaka) pATha hai| gIta ko saptasvara aura aSTarasa saMyukta, chaH doSarahita aura ATha guNasahita batAyA gayA hai- dekhie, jIvAjIvAbhigama, pR. 185 / TIkAkAra ne nATya aura abhinayavidhi kI vyAkhyA na karake ina vidhiyoM ko nATya ke vizAradoM se samajhane ke lie kahA hai| jIvoM ke prakAra - jIvAjIvAbhigama tIsarA upAMga hai| isameM mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke praznottara ke rUpa meM jIva aura ajIva ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta varNana hai| isameM 9 prakaraNa (pratipatti) aura 272 sUtra haiN| tIsarA prakaraNa saba prakaraNoM se bar3A hai, jisameM devoM tathA dvIpa aura sAgaroM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gyaa| jIvAjIvAbhigama ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ne ise sthAnAMga kA upAMga batAyA hai| isa upAMga para pUrvAcAryoM ne TIkAeM likhI thIM, jo gambhIra aura saMkSipta hone ke kAraNa durbodha thIM, isalie malayagiri ne yaha vistRta TIkA likhI hai| malayagiri ne aneka sthAnoM para vAcanAbheda hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM sarvaprathama jIvoM kA ullekha hai| (124)

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saMsArI jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM- trasa aura sthAvara (sUtra 9) / sthAvarajIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- pRthvIkAya, apkAya aura vanaspatikAya (10) / bAdara vanaspatikAya bAraha hote haiM- vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, vallI, parvaga (Ikha Adi), tRNa, valaya (kadalI Adi jinakI tvacA golAkAra ho), harita (hariyAlI), auSadhi, jalaruha (pAnI meM paidA hone vAlI vanaspati), kuhaNa (pRthvI ko bhedakara paidA hone vAlA vRkSa) (20) / sAdhAraNa bAra vanaspatikAyika jIva aneka prakAra ke hote haiM (21) / trasa jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - tejaskAya, vAyukAya aura audArika trasa' (22) / audArika trasa cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya aura pAMca indriya vAle (27) / paMcendriya cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - nAraka, tiryaJca tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- jalacara, thalacara aura nabhacara (34) / thalacara jIva cAra prakAra ke hote haiN| eka khura, dokhura, gaMDIpaya aura saNappaya (snkhpd)(36)| nabhacara jIva cAra prakAra ke hote haiMcammapakkhI, lomakkhI , samuggapakkhI aura vitatapakkhI (36) / manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiM- saMmucchima manuSya aura garbhotpanna manuSya (41) / deva cAra pakAra ke hote haiM- bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika (42) / ratna ke nAma - .. ... isI prasaMga meM isameM solaha prakAra ke ratna kA ullekha hai- ratna vajra, vaiDUrya lohita, masAragalla, haMsagarbha pulaka, saugandhika, jyotirasa, aMjana, aMjanapulaka, rajata, jAtarUpa, aMka sphaTika ariSTi (69) / prajJApanA nAmaka upAMga meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| ___ astra-zastroM ke nAma- mudgAra, musuMDhi, karapatra (karavata), asi, zakti, hala, gadA, mRsala, cakra, nArAca, kuMta, tAmara, zUla, lakuTa, bhiDipAla' (89) / .. dhAtuoM ke nAma- lohA, tAmbA, sIsA, rUppa, suvarNa, hiraNya, kuMbhakAra kI agni, IMTa pakAne kI agni, kavelU pakAne kI agni, yaMtrapATaka cullI (jahAM ganne kA rasa pakAyA jAtA hai) (89) / madyoM ke nAma - ... candraprabhA (candramA ke samAna jisakA raMga ho) maNizalAkA, varasIdhu, varavArUNI, phalaniryAsasAra (phaloM ke rasa se taiyAra kI huI madirA),

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patraniryAsasAra, puSpaniryAsasAra, coyaniryAsasAra, bahuta dravyoM ko milAkara taiyAra kI huI, saMdhyA ke samaya taiyAra ho jAne vAlI, madhu, meraka, riSTha nAmaka ratna ke samAna varNavAlI (ise jambUpaphalakalikA bhI kahA gayA hai), dugdhajAti (pAnI meM dUdha ke samAna mAlUma hotI ho), prasannA, nellaka (athavA tallaka) zatAyu (sau bAra zuddha karane para bhI jaisI kI taisI rahane vAlI), khajUramAra, mRdrIkAsAra (dvAkSAsada), kApizAyana, supakka, kSodarasa (Ikha ke rasa ko pakAkara banAI. huii)| jambUdvIpaprajJapti evaM prajJApanA meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| pAtroM kA nAma - bAraka (maMgala ghaTa), ghaTa, karaka, kalaza, kakkarI', pAdakAJcanikA (jisase pAMva dhoe jAte hoM), udaMka (jisase jala kA chir3akAva kiyA jAe), baddhaNI (vArdhanI-galaMtikA-choTI kalasI, jisameM se pAnI raha-rahakara TapakatA ho), supaviTThara (puSpa rakhane kA pAtra), pArI (dUdha dohane kA bartana : hindI meM pAlI), caSaka (surA pIne kA pAtra), bhaNDAra (jhArI), karoDI (karoTikA), saraga (madirApAtra), dharaga (?), pAtrIsthala, patthaga (nallaka), cavalita (capalita) apdvy| jIvAbhigama ke atirikta jambUdvIpaprajJapti nAmaka upAMga meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| AbhUSaNoM ke nAma - ____ hAra (jisameM aThAraha lar3iyAM hoM), ardhahAra (jisameM nau lar3iyA hoM) vaTTaNaga (peSTanaka, kAnoM kA AbharaNa), mukuTa, kuNDala, vAtuttaga (vyAguktaka, laTakane vAlA gahanA), hemajalA (cheda vAlA sone kA AbhUSaNa), maNijAla, kanakajAla, sUtraka (vaikakSakakRtaM suvarNasUtra-jambUdvIpaprajJapti-TIkA, pR.105 - yajJopavIta kI taraha pahanA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa), ucitakaDaga (ucitakaTikAni- yogyavalayAni, jambUdvIpaprajJapti-TIkA), khuDuga (eka prakAra kI aMgUThI), ekAvalI, kaNThasUtra, magariya (magara ke AkAra kA AbhUSaNa), urattha (vakSasthala para pahanane kA AbhUSaNa), graiveyaka (grIvA kA AbhUSaNa), zroNisUtra (kaTisUtra), cUDAmaNi, kanakatilaka, phulla (phUla), siddhArthaka (sone kI kaNDI), kaNNavAli (kAnoM kI bAlI), zazi, sUrya, vRSabha, cakra (caka), talabhaMga (hAtha kA AbhUSaNa), tuDaa (bAhu kA AbhUSaNa), hatthimAlaga (126

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(hastamAlaka), valabha (gale kA AbhUSaNa), dInAra-mAlikA, caMdrasUryamAlikA, harSeka, keyUra, valaya, prAlamba (jhumakA), aMgu-loyaka (aMgUThI), kAMcI, mekhalA, payaraga (pratara), paadjaal| (pairoM kA AbhUSaNa), ghaMTikA, kiMkiNI, rayaNorujAla (ratnorujAla), nUpura, caraNamAlikA, knknikrmaalikaa| bhavanoM ke vibhinna vibhAga prAkAra, aTTAlaga (aTArI), cariya (gRha aura prAkAra ke bIca kA mArga), dvAra, gopura, prAsAda, AkAzatala, maNDapa, ekazAlA (eka ghara vAlA makAna), dvizAlA, trizAlA, catuHzAlA', garbhagRha, mohana-gRha, caukoNa ghara, nandyAvartta, paMDuratalaharmya (jisameM zikhara na ho), dhavalagRha (dharaharA), ardhamAgadhavibhrama (?), zailasaMsthita (parvata ke AkAra kA), zailArdhasaMsthita, kUTAgAra, suvirdhikoSika, zaraNaM (jhopar3I Adi), layana (guphA) viDaMka (prAsAda ke agrabhAga meM kabUtaroM ke rahane kA sthAna), jAlavRnda (gavAkSasamUha), ni!ha (khUTI athavA dvAra), apavaraka (bhItara kA kamarA), dIvAlI (?), cNdrshaalikaa| vastroM ke nAma - . . Ajinaka (camar3e kA vastra), kSauma, kambala, dukUla, kauzeya, kAlamRga ke carma se banA vastra, paTTa, cInAMzuka, AbharaNacitra (AbhUSaNoM se citrita), sahiNagakalaNaga (sUkSma aura suMdara vastra) tathA sindhu dravir3a vaMga, kaliMga Adi dezoM meM bane vstr| miSTAnta ke nAma gur3a, khAMDa, zakkara, matsvaNDI (misarI), bisakaMda, parpaTa-modaka, puSpottara, padmotara, gokssiir| bastiyoM ke vibhinna prakAra - grAma 1, nagara, nigama (jahAM bahuta se vaNik rahate hoM), kheTa (jisake cAroM ora miTTI kA parakoA banA ho), karbaTa (jo cAroM aura se parvata se ghirA ho), maDaMba (jisake cAroM ora pAMca kosa taka koI grAma na ho), paTTaNa (jahAM vividha dezoM se mAla AtA ho), droNamukha (jahAM adhikatara jalamArga (127)

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se Ate-jAte hoM), Akara (jahAM lohe kI khAne hoM,) Azrama, saMbAdha (jahAM yAtrA ke lie bahuta se loga Ate hoM), rAjadhAnI, sanniveza (jahAM sArtha Akara utarate hoM) prazAsakoM evaM zreSTiyoM ke nAma rAjA, yuvarAja, Izvara (aNimA Adi ATha aizvaryoM se sampanna), talavara 3 (nagararakSaka, kotavAla), mADambiya (maDamba ke nAyaka), kauTumbika (aneka kuTumboM ke AzrayadAtA rAjasevaka), imya (pracura dhana ke svAmI), zreSThI (jinake mastaka para devatA kI mUrti sahita suvarNapaTTa baMdhA ho), senApati, sArthavaha (sArtha kA netaa)| dAsoM ke prakAra - ___ dAsa (AmaraNa dAsa), prevya (jo kisI kAma ke lie bheje jA sakeM), ziSya, bhRtaka (jo vetana lekara kAma karate hoM), bhAiMllaga (bhAgIdAra), krmkr| gRhastha jIvana kI vividha kriyAeM - . . AvAha (vivAha ke pUrva tAmbUla ityAdi denA), vivAha yajJa (pratidina iSTadevatA kI pUjA), zrAddha, thAlIpAka (gRhastha kA dhArmika kRtya), celopanayana . (muNDana), sImaMtonnayana (garbha kA saMskAra), muutpiddnivedn| meloM evaM utsavoM ke nAma - iMdramaha, skaMdamaha, rudramaha, zivamaha, vaizramaNamaha, mukuMdamaha, nAgamaha, yakSamaha, bhUtamaha, kUpamaha, taDAgamaha, naMdImaha, hRdamaha, parvatamaha, vRkSAropaNamaha, caityamaha, stuupmh| naTa Adi kalAkAroM ke nAma - ___naTa (bAjIgara), nartaka, malla (pahalavAna), mauSTika (muSTiyuddha karane vAle), viDambaka (vidUSaka), kahaga (kathAkAra), plavaga (kUdane-phAMdane vAle), AkhyAyaka, lAsaka (rAsa gAne vAle), laMkha (bAMsa ke phar3a para car3hakara khela karane vAle), maMkha (citra dikhAkara bhikSA mAMgane vAle), tUNa bajAne vAle, vINA bajAne vAle, kAvaNa (bahaMgI le jAne vAle), mAgadha, jalla (rassI para khela karane vaale)| (128)

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yAnoM ke nAma zakaTa, ratha, yAna (gAr3I), jugga (golla deza meM prasiddha do hAtha pramANa caukora vedI se yukta pAlakI jise do AdamI Dhokara le jAte hoM), gillI (hAthI ke Upara kI ambArI, jisameM baiThane se AdamI dikhAI nahIM detA'), thillI (lATa deza meM ghor3e kI jIna ko thillI kahate haiN| kahIM do khaccaroM kI gAr3I ko thillI kahA jAtA hai), zibikA (zikhara ke AkAra kI DhaMkI huI pAlakI), syandamAnI (puruSapramANa lambI paalkii)| anartha ke niryitta grahadaNDa, grahamuzala, grahagarjita (grahoM ke saccAra se hone vAlI AvAja), grahayuddha, grahasaMghATaka (graha kI jor3I), agraaparAvyaka (graha kA pratikUla honA), abhra (bAdala), abhravRkSa (bAdaloM kA vRkSAkAra pariNata honA), sandhyA, gandharvanagara (bAdaloM kA devatAoM ke nagara-rUpa meM pariNata honA), garjita vidyuta utkApAta, dizAdAha, nirghAta (bijalI kA giranA), pAMzuvRSTi, yUpaka (zukla pakSa ke dvitIyA Adi tIna dinoM meM caMdra kI kalA aura saMdhyA ke prakAza kA milana) yakSadIppaka, dhUmikA (dhuMAsA), mahikA (kuharA), raja-udghAta (dizAoM meM dhUla kA phai la jAnA), candroparAga (caMdragrahaNa), sUryoparAga (sUryagrahaNa), caNDapariveza, praticaMdra, pratisUrya, iMdradhanuSa, udakamatsya (iMdradhanuSa kA eka Tukar3A), kapihasita (AkAza meM akasmAt bhayaMkara zabda honA), prAcI vAta, aprAcIvAta, zuddhavAta, grAmadAha, nagaradAha aadi| kalaha kI vibhinna avasthAeM - Dimba (apane deza meM kalaha), Damara (pararAjya dvArA upadrava), kalaha, bola, khAra (mAtsarya), paira, viruddha raajy| yuddha kA svarUpa - . . mahAyuddha, mahAsaMbhAma, mahAzastranipatana, mahApuruSabANa, mahArudhirabANa, nAgabANa, taamsbaann| rogoM ke nAma - - durbhUta (aziva), kularoga, grAmaroga, nagararoga, bhaNDalaroga, zirovedanA, abhivedanA, karNavedanA, nAsikAvedanA, daMtavedanA, nakhavedanA, kAsa (khAMsI), zvAsa, jvara, dAha, kacchU (khujalI), khasara, kor3ha, arza, ajIrNa, bhagandara, (129

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iMdragraha, skaMdagraha, nAgagraha, bhUtapaha, udvega, ekAhikA (eka dina chor3akara jvara AnA), dvayAhikA (do dina chor3akara jvara AnA), vyAhikA, caturthakA (cauthiyA), hRdayazUla, mastakazUla, pArzvazUla, kukSizUla, yonizUla, mArI (jIvAbhigama 111) / devoM ke prakAra - deva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI, vaimaanik| bhavanavAsI dasa hote haiM- asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, suparNakumAra, vidyutkumAra, agnikumAra, dIpakumAra, udadhikumAra, dikkumAra, vAyukumAra aura stanitakumAra (jIvAbhigamasUtra 114-120) / vyantaroM ke aneka prakAra haiM - pizAca, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, bhujagapati, mahAkAya, gaMdharvagaNa Adi (vahIM sUtra 121), jyotiSka devoM kA varNana sUtra 122 meM hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM ullekhita jIvana ke vividha rUpa ekendriya jIva pAMca prakAra ke haiM- pRthivIkAyika, apkAyika, tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika, vanaspatikAyika (10) / bAdara pRthivIkAyika aneka prakAra ke haiM- zuddha pRthivI, lohA, tAMbA, jastA, sIsA, cAMdI, suvarNa, vajraratna, har3atAla, hiMgula (siMgarapha), maNasila (mainasila), sAsaga (pArA), aMcana, pravAla, abhrapaTala (abharakha), abhrarUcaka, aDaka, sphaTika, lohitAkSa, marakata, masAranalla, bhujamocaka, iMdranIla, caMdanaratna, gairika, haMsagarbha, pulaka, saugandhikaka, caMdraprabha, vaiDUrya, jalakAMta, sUryakAMta' ityaadi| kharabAdara pRthivIkAyika hai (25) / bAdara apkAyika jIva aneka prakAra ke hote haiM - avazyAya (osa), hima, mahikA (kuharA), karaka (olA), haratanu (vanaspati ke Upara kI pAnI kI bUMdeM), zuddhodaka, zItodaka, uSNodaka, kSArodaka, khaTTA, udaka, amlodaka, lavaNodaka, vAruNodaka (madirA ke svAdavAlA pAnI), kSIrodaka, dhRtodaka, kSododaka (Ikha ke rasa jaisA pAnI) aura rasodaka (16) / bAdara tejaskAyika aneka prakAra ke haiM - aMgAra, jvAlA, murmura (rAkha meM mile hue Aga ke kaNa), arcita (idhara-udhara ur3atI huI jvAlA), alAta (jalatA huA kASTha), zuddhAgni, ulkA, vidyuta, azani (AkAza se girate hue agnikaNa), nirdhAta (bijalI kA giranA), ragar3a se utpanna aura sUryakAMtamaNi se nikalI huI agni (27) / bAdara vAyukAyika aneka prakAra ke haiM - pUrva meM bahane vAlI vAyu, pazcima se bahane vAlI vAyu,

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dakSiNa vAyu, uttara vAyu, urdhva vAyu, udho vAyu, tiryak vAyu, vidizA kI vAyu, vAtamaNDalI, utkalikAvAta (bahuta-sI taraMgoM se mizrita vAyu), maNDalikAvAta (maNDalAkAra vAyu), guMjAvAta (gUMjatI huI vAyu), jhaMjhAvAta (vRTi-sahita), saMvartaka vAyu, tanuvAta, zuddhavAta (18) / vanaspati jIvana ke prakAra haiM- vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, vallI, parvaga (parva vAle), tRNa, valaya (kelA Adi, jinakI chAla golAkAra ho), harita, auSadhi, jalarUha (jala meM paidA hone vAlI vanaspati), kuhaNA (bhUmisphoTa), (22) / . vRkSa do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka bIja vAle va aneka bIja vaale| eka bIja vAloM meM Ama, jAmuna, kozAmra (jaMgalI Ama), zAla, aMgola (pizte kA per3a), pIlu, selu (zleSmAtaka-lisor3A), sallako, mocako, mAluka, bakula (molasirI), palAza (kaMsU yA TUsU), karaMja (kariMjA), putraMjIvaka (jiyApItA), ariSTa (arIThA), vibhItaka (baher3A), haritaka (harar3A), bhilAvA, uMbebharikA, kSIriNI, dhAtakI (dhAya), priyAla, pUrtirnibakaraMja, suhA (zlakSNA), sIsama, asana (bIjaka), punnAga (nAgakesara), nAgavRkSa, zrAvarNI, azoka (31-32) / aneka bIjavAle vRkSoM meM asthika, tinduka (teMdU), kapitthaka (kaitha), ambAMDaka, mAtRtiMga (bijorA), bilva (bela), AmrAtaka (AMvalA), phaNasa (kaTahala), dADima, azvattha (pIpala), udumba, vaTa, nyagrodha, nandivRkSa, pIpala, sayarI (satAvarI), plakSa, kAkodumbarI (dhaniyA, pAiasaddamahaNNava), devadAlI, tilaka, lakuca (eka prakAra kA kaTahala), chatrodha, zirISa, saptavarNa, dadhiparNa, lodhra, dhAva, caMdana, arjuna, nIpa, kuTala, kadamba' (23) / bAIgaNi (baigana), satyakI, thuNDakI, kacchI (kapikacachu kevAMcapAiasaddamahaNNava), jAtumaNA (japA), rUpI, Ar3hakI, nIlo, tulasI, mAtuliMgI, kustumbarI (dhaniyA), pippalikA (pIpala), alasI, vallI kAkamAcI, vuccu (?), paolakandalI, piuvvA, vatathula, badara (bera), pattaura, sImaura, javasaya (javAsA), nirguNDI, atthaI, talauDA, sana, pANa, kAsamadda, agdhADaga (apAmArga, cicar3A-pAiasaddamahaNNava), zyAmA, siMduvAra (samhAla), karamadda (karoMdA), addarUsaga (aDUsA), karIra, airAvaNa, mahintha jAulaga, bhAlaga, parilI, gajamAriNI, kuvvakAriyA, bhaMDI (maMjITha), jIvantI, (131)

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ketakI, gaMja, pATalA (pADhala), dAsi, aMkola (23) / - sairiyaka, navamAlikA, koraMTaka, baMdhujIvaka (dupahariyA), manoja, piiya, pANa, kaNera, kubjaka (sapheda gulAba), siMduvAra, jAtI, mogarA, jUr3I, mallikA, vAsantI, vatthula, katthula, sevAla, graMthI, mRgadantikA, campakajAti, navaNIiyA, kuMda, mahAjAti (23) / ___padyalatA, nAgalatA, azokalatA, caMpakalatA, cUtalatA, vanalatA, vAsantIlatA, atimuktakalatA, kuMdalatA, zyAmalatA (23) / valliyAM (bele)- pUsaphalI, karliMgI (jaMgalI tarabUja kI.bela), tumbI, vapuSI (kakar3I), ellavAluMkI (cibhraMTa, eka taraha kI kakar3I), dhoSAtakI, paNDolA, paccAMgulikA, nIlI, kaMgUyA, kaMDuiyA, kaTThaiyA, kaMgakoDI (kakarela), kAriyallaI (karelA), kuyadhAya, vAgulIyA pAvavallI, devadAlI, AsphotA, atimuktaka, nAgalatA, kRSNA, sUravallI (sUrajamukhI kI bela), saMgaghaTTA, sumaNasA jAsuvaNa, karvidavallI, mudvIkA (aMgUra kI bela), ambAvallI, kSIravidArikA, jayaMtI, gopI, pANI, mAsAvallI, gujAvallI, cacchANI (vatsAdanI, gajapIpala), zazabiMdU, gotrasparzikA, girikarNikA, mAlukA, adhyajanakI, dudhipuSpikA kAkaNI, mogalI, arkaboMdi (23) / . __parvaka (parva-gAMTha vAle)- ikSu, ikSuvATikA, vIraNa ikkar3a, mAsa, suNTha, zara, vetra (beMta), timira zataporaka nala (eka prakAra kA tUNa), bAMsa, belU (bAMsa kA prakAra), kanaka (bAMsa kA prakAra), kakaviMza, cApavaMza, udaka, kuDaka, vimata (athavA visaya), kaNDAveNa, kalyANa (23) / __ tRNa- seDiya, bhaMtiya, hotiya, darza, kuza, pavvaya, poDaila, ajuna, ASADhaka, rohitAMza, suya, veya, kSIra, bhusa, eraMDa, kuruviDha, karakara, muTTha, vibhaMgu, madhuratRNa, dhuraya, sippiya, suMkalItRNa (23) / . __valaya - tAla, tamAla, takkali, toyalI, sAlI, sArakallANa, sarala (cIr3a), jAvatI, ketakI, kelA, dharmavRkSa, bhujavRkSa (bhojapatra vRkSa), hiMguvRkSa, lavaMgavRkSa, pUgapaphalI (supArI), khajUrI, nAlikerI (nAriyala) (23) / __ harita-ajorUha, voDANa, haritaka, taMdulejaga, vatthula, poraga, majAraya, billI, pAlaka, dakapippalI (jalapIpala) darvI, svastika, sAya, maMDUkI, mUlI, sarasoM, aMbIla, urAla, phaNijaka, arjaka, bhUjanaka, coraka, damanaka, maravA, zatApuSpa, iMdIvara (23) / auSadhiyAM-zAMti vrIhi, godhuma (gehUM), jau, javajava (eka prakAra kA

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jau), kalAya (maTara), masUra, tila, mUMga, mASa (ur3ada), niSpava, kulathI, AlisaMda, saDiNa (arahara), palimaMtha (canA), alasI, kusuMbhI (kusuMbA), kodrava (koMdo), kaMgU, rAlaya, varadR, sAma, kodUsa (koradUSaka), sana, sarasoM, mUlI ke bIja (23) / ___ jalarUha-udaka, abaka, panaka, sevAla, kalaMbuya, haDha, kaserUya (kaserU) kaccha, bhANI, utpala, padma, kumuda, nalina, subhaga, sugaMdhita, puMDarIka, mahApuNDarIka, zatapatra, sahasrapatra, kalhAra, kokanada, tAmarasa, bisa, bisamatraNAlaM, puSkara, sthalaja, puSkara (23) / kuhaNa-Aya, kAya, kuhaNa, kuNakka, davhaliya, sapphAya, sajjhAya, chatrauka, vaMsI, Nahiya, kuraya (23) / . anantakAyika vanaspatikAya jIva-abaka, panaka, sevAla, rohiNI, thIhU, thibhagA, azvakarNI , siMhakarNI, siuMDhI, musuMDhi, rUrU, kuNDarikA, bhIrU, kSIrabidArikA, kiTTI, haridrA (haladI), zrRMgora (adaraka), AlU, mUlI, kabUMgA, kannukaDa, mahupovalai (?), madhuzrRMgI, nIruha, svarNasugaMdha, chinnarUha, bIjarUha, pADhA, mRgavAluMkI, madhurarasA rAjavallI, padmA, mADharI, daMtI, caMDI, bhASaparNI, mRdguparNI, jIvaka, RSabhaka reNukA, kAkoli, kSIrakAkolI, bhaMgI, kRmirAzI, bhadramustA (mothA), NaMgalai, pelugA, kRSNa, paDala, haDha (jala vanaspati), haratanUka, loyANI, kRSNakaMda, vajrakaMda, sUraNakaMda, khallUTa' (24) / inake ullekha jIvAbhigama (21) meM bhI haiN| dvIndriya jIva-pulAkimiya (gudA meM utpanna kRmi), kukSikRmi (peTa ke kIr3e), gaMDUyalaga (geMDuA), goloma, Neura, somaMgalama, vaMsImuha, sUcimukha, gojalaukA, jalaukA, jAlauya, zaMkha, zaMkhanaka (choTe zaMkha), ghulla, khulla (kSudra), dvidhA Avarta, naMdiyAvatta, saMbukka (zaMbuka), mAtRvAha, sopo, caMdanaka, samudralikSa (27) / trIndriya-aupayika, rohiNiya, kuMthU, pipIlikA (cIMTI), uMdsaga . (DAMsa), uddehiya (dImaka), ukkaliyA, uppAya (utpAda), uppADa (utpATaka), taNAhAra (tRNAhAraka), kaTTAhAra (kaSThAhAraka), mAlukA (patrAhAraka), taNabeMTiya, pupphabeTiya, jhilliyaM, jhiMgira, kiMgiriDa, bAhuya, lahuya, subhaga, sauvastika, suyabeMTa, iMdakAyika, iMdagovaya (indragopa), tarutuMbaga, kacachalavAhaga (athavA kotthavAhana), jUya (jU), hAlAhala, pisuya, (sayavAiya ( (133)

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zatavAdikA)), gomhI (kAnakhajUrA), hathisauMDa' (28) / . caturindraya jIva-aMdhiya, pattiya, macchiya, mazaka (macchara), kITa pataMga, DhaMkuNa (khaTamala), kukkaDa, kukkuha, naMdAvartta, siMgiraDa (uttarAdhyayana se bhiMgirIDI), kRSNapatra, nIlapatra, lohitapatra, hAridrapatra, zulapatra, citrapakSa, vicitrapakSa, ohaMjaliya, jalacArikA, gaMbhIra, NoNiya, taMtava, acchiroDa, akSivedha, sAraMga, neura, dola, bhramara, bharilI, jarUla toTTa, bicchU, patrabicchU, chANabicchU, piyaMgAla (athavA seiMgAla), kaNaga gomaya-kIr3A (gobara ke kIr3e)3 (29) / paMcendriya jIva cAra prakAra ke haiM - nairayika, tiryacca, manuSya aura deva (30) / tiryacca tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - jalacara, thalacara aura nabhacara (32) / jalacara-matsya, macchapa, grAha, magara aura suNsmaar| magara-sohamaccha (zlakSNamatsya), khaballamatsya, juMgamatsya, vijjhaDimatsya, halimatsya, magarimatsya (magaramaccha), rohitamatsya, halIsAgara, gAgara, vaDa, vaDagara, gabbhaya, usagAra, timi, timigila, Nakka (nAkU), taMdulamatsya, kaNikAmatsya, sAli, svastikAmatsya, laMbhanamatsya, patAkA, ptaakaatiytaakaa| kacchapaasthikacchapa, maaNskcchp| grAha-dilI, beDhaga (veSTaka), muddhaya (mUrdhaja), pulaka, siimaakaar| magarI-soMDamagara, maTTamagara (33) / thalacara jIva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - ekakhura, dokhura, gaMDIpada aura sanakhapada (nakhayukta pairvaale)| ekakhura-azva, azvatara (khaccara), ghor3A, gardabha, gorakSara, kaMdalaga, zrIkaMdalaga, aavrtg| do khuravAle-UMTa, gAya, gavaya, rojha, pasaya, mahiSa, mRga, saMvara, varAha, bakarA, bheMDa, rUrU, zarabha, camara, kuraMga, gokrnn| gaMDIpada-hastI, hastIpayaNaga, saMkuNahatI, khaDagI (geMDe kI jaati)| sanakhapadasiMha, vyAghra, dvIpI, accha (rIcha), tarakSa, parassara (sarabhAH, TIkAkAra), gIdar3a, biDAla (bilAr3I), kuttA, kaulazanaka' kokaMtiya (lomaThikAH, TIkAkAra'), sasaga (sasA), cittaga, cilallaga (34) / ___ uraparisarpa- ye cAra prakAra ke haiM - ahi, ajagara, AsAlikA, mhorg| ahi do prakAra ke hote haiM - darvIkara (phaNadhArI sAMpa) aura mukulI (phnnrhit)| darvIkara-AzIviSa, dRSTiviSa, ugraviSa, bhogaviSa, tvacAviSa, lAlAviSa, ucchvAsaviSa, niHzvAsaviSa, kRSNasarpa, zvetasarpa, kAkodara dagdhapuSpa, kolAha, (134)

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melimiMda, shessendr| mukulI-divvAga, goNasa, kasAhIya, vaiula, cittalI, maNDalI, mAlI; ahi ahisalAga, vAsapatAkA (35) / / bhujaparisarpa- ye aneka prakAra ke haiM - nakula, seha, saraDa (zaraTa), zalya, saraMTa, sAra, khora, dharoila (gRhakokila-chipakalI), vissaMbhara, mUSaka, maMgusa, payalAila (pracalAvita), kSIravirAliya, joha catuSpAka (35) / nabhacara- ye cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - carmapakSI, lomapakSI, samudgaha pakSI aura vittpkssii| carmapakSI-bAgulI, jaloya, aDilla, bhAraMDa pakSI, jIvaMjIva, samudravAyalaM, kaNNattiya, pakSIvirAlikA lokapakSI-DhaMka, kaMka, kurala vAyasa, cakravAka, haMsa, kalahaMsa, rAjahaMsa, pAyahaMsa, ADa, seDI, baka (bagulA), balAkA (baguloM kI jAti), pAriplava, kauca, sArasa, mesara, masUra, mayUra, saptahasta, gahara, puNDarIka, kAka, kArmijuya, vaMjulaga, tItara, vaTTaga (bataka), lAvaka, kapotA, karpijala, pArAvata, caTaka (cir3iyA), cAsa, kukkuDa (murgA), zuka, bI (mayUra), madanazalAkA, kAyela, seha varillaga (35) / manuSya-manuSya tIna prakAra ke haiM - karmabhUmaka, akarmabhUmaka aura antrdviipk| antaradvIpaka-ekoska, AbhAsika, vaiSANika, nAMgolika, haryakarNa, gajakarNa, gokarNa, zaSkulIkarNa, Adarzamukha, meMDhamukha, ayomukha, gomukha, azvamukha, hastimukha, vidyunmukha, vyAghramukha, azvakarNa, AkarNa, kaNaprAyaraNa, ulkAmukha, meghamukhaM, vidyutanmukha, vidyudanta, ghanadaMta, laSTadaMta, gUDhadaMta, zuddhadaMta (26) / . akarmabhUmaka tIsa hote haiM- pAMca haimavata, pAMca riNayavata, pAMca harivarSa, pAMca ramyakavarSa, pAMca devakuru, pAMca uttarakuru (36) / karmabhUmaka tIsa hote haiM - pAMca bharata, pAMca airAvata, pAMca mhaavideh| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM - Arya aura mleccha-zaka, yavana, cilAta (kirAta), zabara, barbara, muruMDa, uDDa (oDU), bhaDaga, niNNaga, pakkaNiya, kulakkha, gauDa, siMhala, pArasa, godha, koMca, aMdha, damila (draviDa), cillala, pilaMda, hArosa, DoMba, bokkaNa, gaMdhahAraga (?), bahalIka, ujjhala (jala?), romapAsa (?), bakuza, malaya, baMdhuya, sUyali, koMkaNaga, meya, pahnava, mAlava, maggara, AbhAsiya, aNakkha, cINa, lAsika, khasa, khAsiya, nehura, moMDha, DoMbilaga, laosa, kekaya, akkhANa, hUNa, romaka, rUrU, marUya' Adi (37) / (135)

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rAjagRha . ai rin o zairIpura Arya do prakAra ke hote haiM - RddhiprApta aura anuddhipraapt| RddhiprApta arahaMta, cakravartI, valadeva', vAsudeva, cAraNa aura vidyaadhr| anudriprApta nau prakAra ke hote haiM - kSetrArya, jAtyArya, kulArya, kArya, zilpArya, bhASArya, jJAnArya darzanArya aura caaritraary| nimna sAr3he paccIsa (25 1/2) deza ke nivAsI mAne gae haiM - janapada rAjadhAnI magadha aMga campA 3. baMga tAmralipti 4. kaliMga kAMcanapura 5. kAzI vArANasI 6. kozala sAketa kuru gajapura kuzAvartta 9. pAMcAla kAMpilyapura 10. jAMgala ahicchatrA 11. saurASTra dvAravatI 12. videha mithilA 13. valpa kauzAMbI 14. zAMDilya 15. matya udrilapura 16. masya acchA 18. dazArNa muttikAvatI 19. cedi zukti 20. siMdhu-sauvIra vItibhaya 21. zUrasena mathurA 22. bhaMyi pApA 23. vaTTA (?) mAsapura (?) naMdipura bairATha varuNa

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24. kuNAla zrAvastI 25. lAr3ha koTivarSa 25 1/2 kekayI arddha zvetikA jAtyArya : aMvaSTha', kaliMda, videh'| jAtyArya : aMbaSTha', kaliMda, videha, harita, cuMcuNa (yA tuMtuNa' ) / kulArya : ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, ikSvAku, jJAta, kauravya / kArya : dauSyika (kapar3e bacane vAle), sautrika (sUta becane vAle), kArpAsika (kapAsa becane vAle), sUtravaikAlika, bhAMDavaikAlika, kolAliya (kumhAra), naravAhanika (pAlakI Adi uThAne vaale)| zilpArya : tunnAga (raphU karane vAle), tantuvAya (bunane vAle), paTTakAra (paTavA), deyaDA (dRtikAra, mazaka banAne vAle), varuTTa (piMchI banAne vAle), chaNviya (chAvar3I, caTAI Adi bunane vAle), kASTha pAdukAkAra (lakar3I kI pAdukA banAne vAle), muMjapAdukAkAra, chatrakAra, vajjhAra (vAhana banAne vAle), potthakara (pUMcha ke bAloM se jhADU Adi banAne vAle athavA miTTI ke putale banAne vAle), leppakAra, citrakAra, zaMkhakAra, daMtakAra, bhAMDakAra, jijjhagAra(?) sellagAra (bhAlA banAne vAle), koDigAra (kaur3iyoM kI mAlA Adi banAne vAle) / bhASArya-arddhamAgadhI bhASA bolane vaale| lipi ke prakAra-brAhmI, yavanAnI, dosapuriyA, khrossttii| 1. mahAvIra ke kAla meM sAketa ke pUrva meM aMga-magadha, dakSiNa meM kauzAmbI, pazcima meM sthUNA aura uttara meM kuNAlA taka jaina zramaNoM ko vihAra karane kI anumati thii| tatpazcAt rAjA samprati ne apane bhaTa Adi bhejakara 24 dezoM ko jaina zramaNoM ke vihAra yogya bnaayaa| * * dekhie- bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3262 / 2. brAhmaNa puruSa aura vaizya strI se utpanna saMtAna ko akhtaSTha kahA gayA hai, dekhie- manusmRti tathA AcArAMganiyukti (20-27) / vaizya puruSa aura brAhmaNa strI se utpanna saMtAna ko vaideha kahA gayA hai, dekhie- manusmRti tathA AcArAMganiyukti (20-27) / umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya (3, 14) meM ikSvAku, videha, hari, ambaSTha, jJAta, kurU, babunAla (?), ugra, bhoga, rAjanya Adi kI gaNanA jAti (137)

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ny ny Arya meM kI gaI hai| zvapaca, pANa, DoMba Adi ko jaina graMthoM meM jAtiga~gita kahA hai| kSatriya puruSa aura zUdra strI se utpanna saMtAna ko ugra kahA gayA hai, dekhie - manusmRti tathA aacaaraaNg-niyukti| tattvArthabhASya (3.14) meM kulakara, cakravartI , baladeva Adi kI gaNanA kula-Arya meM kI gaI hai| anuyogadvArasUtra (pR.136 a) meM tRNahAraka, kASThahAraka aura patrahAraka kI bhI gaNanA kI gaI hai| tattvArthabhASya (3.14) meM yajana, yAjana, adhyayana, adhyApana, prayoga, kRSi lipi, vANijya, yonipoSaNa se AjIvikA calAne vAloM ko karma- Arya meM ginA hai| uttarakAlavartI jaina graMthoM meM mayUra-poSaka, naTa, machue, dhobI Adi ko karma-juMgita kahA hai| --------------- anuyogadvArasUtra meM kumbhakAra, cittagAra, NaMtikka (kapar3A sIne vAlA) kammagAra, kAsava (nAI) kI pAMca mUla zilpakAroM meM NanA kI gaI hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti (pR. 193) meM nava nAru meM kumbhAra, paTela, sunAra, sUpakAra, gandharva, nAI, mAlI, kAchI, taMbolI tathA nava kAru meM camAra, kolhU Adi calAne vAlA, gAMchI, chIpI, kasArA, darjI, guAra (gvAlA), bhIla aura dhIvara kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| uttarAkAlavartI jaina graMthoM meM camAra, dhobI aura nAI Adi ko zilpa-juMgita kahA hai| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra RSabhadeva ne apane dAhine hAtha se yaha lipi apanI putrI brAhmI ko sikhAI thI, isalie isakA nAma brAhmI par3A (AvazyakacUrNi, pR.146)| bhagavatIsUtra (pR.7) meM 'Namo baMbhIe livIe' kahakara brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki jaina Agama pahale isI lipi meM likhe, isa lipi meM R, lu, lu aura ko chor3akara 46 mUlAkSara (mAuyakkhara) batAe gae haiM (samavAyAMga, pR. 57a)| IsavI san ke pUrva 500-300 taka bhArata kI samasta lipiyAM brAhmI ke nAma se kahI jAtI thiiN| (muni puNyavijaya, bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhnklaa)| . (138

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yaha lipi IsavI san ke pUrva 5vIM zatAbdI meM aramaI lipi meM se nikalI hai (muni puNyavijaya, vahI, pR.8)| lalitavistarA (pR.125 Adi) meM 64 lipiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM brAhmI bAeM aura kharoSTrI dAeM se bAeM likhI jAtI thii| kharoSTrI lipi lagabhaga IsavI san ke pUrva 500 meM gaMdhAra deza meM pracalita thii| Age calakara isa lipi kA sthAna brAhmI lipi ne le liyaa| isI lipi meM se Ajakala ke nAgarI lipi ke pukkharasAriyA, bhogavatI, paharAiyA, aMtakkhariyA (aMtAkSarI), akkharapuTThiyA, vainayikI, nihnavikI, aMkalipi, gAndharvalipi, Adarza lipi, mAhezvarI domilipi (draviDI), paulindI 1 / jJAnArtha- ye pAMca prakAra ke haiM - Abhinibodhika, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna aura kevljnyaan| darzana-Arya - sarAga darzana, vItarAga drshn| sarAga darzana-nisargaruci, upadezaruci, AjJAruci, sUtraruci, abhigamaruci, vistAraruci, kriyAruci, saMkSeparuci, dharmaruci, saMkSeparuci, dhrmruci| vItarAga darzanaupazAMtakaSAya, kssiinnkssaay| cAritrArya-sarAga cAritra, vItarAga caaritr| sarAga cAritra- sUkSmarAMparAya, baadrsNpraay| vItarAga cAritra-upazAMtakaSAya, kSINakaSAya, athavA cAritrArya pAMca hote haiM - sAmAjika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasaMparAya, yathAkhyAtacAritra (37) / ye deva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara jyotiSI aura vaimaanik| bhavanavAsI ke bheda-asurakumara, nAgakumAra, suvarNakumAra, vidyutkumAra, agnikumAra, dvIpakumAra, udadhikumAra, vizAkumAra, vAyukumAra, stanita kumAra, vyaMtara kinnara, kiMpuruSa, mahoraga, ganrdhava, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta, pishaac| jyotiSI-caMdra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra, taaraa| vaimAnika- kalpopaga, klpoppnn| kalpopaga-saudharma, IzAna, sanatkumAra, mAhendra, brahmaloka, lAMtava, mahAzukra, sahasrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa, acyut| kalpAtIta- graiveyaka, anuttrauppaatik| graiveyaka nau hote haiN| anuttaraupapAtika -ye pAMca haiM- vijaya, vaijayanta, jayaMta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi (38) / -

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akSaroM kA vikAsa huA hai| azoka ke lekha isI lipi meM likhe gae the| dekhie- DaoN. gaurIzaMkara ojhA, bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR.17-36. samavAyAMga sUtra (pR.31 a) meM 18 lipiyoM meM uccattariA aura bhogavaiyA lipiyoM kA ullekha hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI TIkA (pR.464) meM nimnalikhita lipiyAM ginAI gaI haiM- haMsa, bhUTa, yakSI, rAkSasI, uDDI, yavanI, tarukkI, kIrI, drAviDI, siMghavIya, mAlavI, naTo, nAgarI, lATa, pArasI, animittI, cANakyo, muuldevii| aura bhI dekhie- lAvaNya-samayagaNi, vimalaprabaMdha, lakSmIvallabha- upAdhyAya, klpsuutr-ttiikaa| cANakyI, mUladevI, aMka, nAgarI tathA zUnya, rekhA, auSadhi, sahadevI Adi lipiyoM ke lie dekhie- muni puNyavijaya, vahIM pR.6, agaracaMda nAhaTA, jaina AgamoM meM ullikhita bhAratIya lipiyAM evaM 'icchA lipi', nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, varSa 47, aMka 4, 2009 / kAla kI vibhinna ikAiyAM - .. jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM kAla kI nimna ikAiyoM kA ullekha haiasaMkhyAta samaya = 1 Avali saMkhyAta Avali = 1 ucchvAsa saMkhyAta Avali = 1 niHzvAsa 1 ucchvAsa niHzvAsa. = prANa 7 prANa = 1 stoka 7 stoka = 1 lava 77 lava = 1 muhUrta isa prakAra eka muhUrta meM 77X49 = 3073 ucchvAsa hote haiN| 30 muhUrta = ahorAtra 25 ahorAtra = 1 pakSa 1 pakSa = 1 mAsa 2 mAsa = 1 Rtu = 2 ayana 2 ayana = 1 saMvatsara 3 Rtu (140)

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// // // 5 saMvatsara 20 yuna 10 varSazata 100 varSasahasra 84 varSazatasahasra 84 pUrvAMgazatasahasra 84 pUrvazatasahasra 84 truTitAMgazatasahasra 84 truTitAMgazatasahasra 84 aDaDAMgazatasahasra 84 aDaDazatasahasra . 84 avavazatasahasra 84 hUhukAMgazatasahasra 84 DUDaMkazatasahasraH 84 utpalAMgazatasahasra 84 utpalazatasahasra 84 padyAMgazatasahasra 84 padyazatasahasra 84 nalinAMgazatasahasra 84 nalinazatasahasra 84 astinIpUrAMgazatasahasra 84 astinIpUrazatasahasra 84 ayutAMgazatasahasra 84 ayutazatasahasra 84 nayutAMgazatasahasra 84 nayutazatasahasra 84 prayutAMgazatasahasra 84 prayutazatasahasra 84 cUlikAMgazatasahasra 84 cUlikAzatasahasra = 1 yuga = 1 varSazata = 1 varSasahasra = 1 varSazatasahasra = 1 pUrvAMga = 1 pUrva = 1 truTitAMga = 1 truTita = 1 aDaDAMga = 1 aDaDa = 1 avavAMga = 1 hUhukAMga = 1 DUDaMka = 1 utpalAMga = 1 utpala = 1 padyAMga = 1 padya = 1 nalinAMga = 1 nalina = 1 astinIpUrAMga = 1 astinIpUra = 1 ayutAMga = 1 ayuta = 1 nayutAMga = 1 nayuta = 1 prayutAMga = 1 prayuta = 1 cUlikAMga = 1 cUlikA = 1 zIrSaprahelikAMga // // // // // // // // // // //

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84 zIrSaprahelikAMga = 1 zIrSaprahelikA isI prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki upAMga sAhitya meM jIvavijJAna, pAdapavijJAna, khagola, bhUgola, itihAsa, samAja, saMskRti, zilpa, kalA Adi prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai| isake bAda sAgaropama aura palyopama kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ratna ke nAma - isI prasaMga meM usameM solaha prakAra ke ratna kA ullekha hai- ratna, vastra, vaiDUrya, lohita, masAragalla, haMsagarbha, pulaka, saugandhika, jyotirasa, aMjana, aMjanapulaka, rajata, jAtarUpa, aMka, sphaTika, arisstt| (69) / prajJApanA nAmaka upAMga meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| astra-zastroM ke nAma mudgara, musuMDhi, karapatra (karavata), asi, zakti, hala, gadA, mUsala, cakra, nArAca, kuMta, tomara, zUla, lakuTa, bhiDipAla' (89) / dhAtuoM ke nAma lohA, tAmbA, sIsA, rUpya, suvarNa, hiraNya, kuMbhakAra kI agni, IMTa pakAne kI agni, kavelU pakAne kI agni, yaMtrapATaka cullI (jahAM ganne kA rasa pakAyA jAtA hai) (89) / madyoM ke nAma - candraprabhA (candramA ke samAna jisakA raMga ho), maNizalAkA, varasIdhu, varavArUNI, phalaniryAsasAra (phaloM ke rasa se taiyAra kI huI madirA), patraniryAsasAra, puSpaniryAsasAra, coyaniryAsasAra, bahuta dravyoM ko milAkara taiyAra kI huI, saMdhyA ke samaya taiyAra ho jAne vAlI, madhu, meraka, riSTha nAmaka ratna ke samAna varNavAlI (ise jambUphalakalikA bhI kahA gayA hai), dugdhajAti (pIne meM dUdha ke samAna mAlUma hotI ho), prasannA nellaka (athavA tallaka) zatAyu (sau bAra zuddha karane para bhI jaisI kI vaisI rahane vAlI), khajUrasAra, muDhIkAsAra (dvAkSasada), kApizAyana, supakva, kSodarasa (Ikha ke rasa ko pakAkara banAI huii)| jambUdvIpaprajJapti evaM prajJApanA meM bhI inakA ullekha hai|

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pAtroM kA nAma - bAraka (maMgala ghaTa), ghaTa, karaka, kalaza, kakkarI, pAdakAJcanikA (jisase pAMva dhoe jAte hoM), udaMka (jisase jala kA chir3akAva kiyA jAe), vaddhaNI (vArdhanI-galaMtikA-choTI kalasI, jisameM se pAnI raha-rahakara TapakatA ho, supaviTThara) (puSpa rakhane kA pAtra), pArI (dUdha dohane kA bartana : hindI meM pAlI), caSaka (surA pIne kA pAtra), bhaMgAra (jhArI), karoDI (karoTikA), saraga (madirApAtra), dharaga (?), pAtrIsthala, Natthaga (nallaka), cavalita (capalita), apddy| jIvAbhigama ke atirikta jambUdvIpaprajJapti nAmaka upAMga meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| AbhUSaNoM ke nAma - ... hAra (jisameM aThAraha lar3iyAM hoM), ardhahAra (jisameM nau lar3iyAM hoM) vaTTaNaga (peSTanaka, kAnoM kA AmaraNa), mukuTa, kuNDala, vAmuttaga (vyAgaktaka, laTakane vAlA gahanA), hemajalA (cheda vAlA sone kA AbhUSaNa), maNijAla, * kanakajAla, sUtraka (vaikakSakakRtaM suvarNasUtra-jambUdvIpaprajJapti-TIkA, pR.105 - yajJopavIta kI taraha pahanA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa), uciyakaDaga (ucitakaTikAni- yogyavalayAni, jambUdvIpaprajJapti- TIkA), khuDuga (eka prakAra kI aMgUThI), ekAvalI, kaNThasUtra, magariya (makara ke AkAra kA AbhUSaNa)', urattha (vakSasthala para pahanane kA AbhUSaNa), graiveyaka (grIvA kA AbhUSaNa), zroNisUtra (kaTisUtra), cUDAmaNi, kanakatilaka, phulla (phUla), siddhArthaka (sone kI kaNThI), kaNNavAli (kAnoM kI bAlI), zazi, sUrya, vRSabha, cakra (caka), talabhaMga (hAtha kA AbhUSaNa), tuDaa (bAhu kA AbhUSaNa), hatthimAlaya (hastamAlaka), valakSa (gale kA AbhUSaNa), dInAra-mAlikA, caMdrasUryamAlikA, harSaka, keyUra, valaya, prAlamba (jhumakA), aNgumaalikaa| 1V

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rAjapraznIyasUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAjapraznIyasUtra arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke upAMga varga ke aMtargata AtA hai| upAMgoM meM yaha dUsarA upAMga hai aura isa apekSA se ise sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kA upAMga mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi aMga AgamoM se yaha samIkaraNa yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, phi ra bhI sUtrakRtAMga meM jina vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA hai, unameM se punarjanma evaM paraloka ko nakArane vAle nAstikoM kI samIkSA isameM bhI hai| isa sUtra ke nAma ko lekara vidvAnoM meM kvacit matabheda bhI dekhA jAtA hai| nandIsUtra meM isakA nAma 'rAyapaseNiya' diyA gayA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne bhI ise 'rAyapaseNIa' nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai| ina donoM meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai, arddhamAgadhI prAkRta aura mahArASTrI prAkRta kI apekSA se yaha aMtara hai| AcArya malayagiri isakA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa 'rAjapraznIyam' karate haiM, kiMtu unake dvArA : kiyA gayA yaha saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa paravartI hai| unake pUrva tattvArthavRtti meM siddhasenagaNi ne ise 'rAjaprasenakIya ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai, jisakA artha rAjaprasena kA saMvAda- aisA ho sakatA hai| municaMdrasUri ne to isakA nAma rAjaprasenajit hI batAyA hai, jisase yahI siddha hotA hai ki yaha graMtha rAjA prasenajita ke saMvAda se sambaMdhita hai| isake ina nAmoM meM kauna-sA nAma samyak hai , yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai, kyoMki isameM aneka vipratipattiyAM haiN| merI dRSTi meM siddhasenagaNi kI tattvArthavRtti kA rAjaprasenakIya athavA municaMdra dvArA ullekhita rAjA prasenajita nAma adhika ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki 'rAyapaseNiya'- isa prAkRta zabda kA saMskRta rUpa rAjapraseNakIya yA rAjaprasenajita cAhe sambhava bhI ho, phira bhI yaha adhika samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM jisa rAjA ke sAtha saMvAda huA hai, use arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya meM 'paesI' aura pAlitripiTaka meM 'payAsI' kahA gayA hai| paesI yA pAyAsI ko prasenajita kA saMkSipta rUpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| maiM rAjaprasenajita nAma kA pakSadhara ho sakatA thA, yadi dIghanikAya ke payAsIsutta meM prasenajita aura kumAra zramaNa ke madhya saMvAda hone kA ullekha hotA, kiMtu sarvatra kumAra zramaNa aura 'paesI' yA payAsI' ke madhya hue saMvAda kA hI ullekha hai, na ki kumAra zramaNa aura prasenajita ke madhya hue kisI saMvAda kaa|

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kA kahanA dUsare, prAkRta 'paesI' aura pAli 'pAyAsI' nAma vastutaH prasenajita kA vAcaka nahIM hai, kyoMki naM to prAkRta ke kisI bhI niyama se prasenajita kA 'paesI' rUpa banatA hai aura na pAli meM hI prasenajita kA payAsI' rUpa banatA hai| dUsare, donoM paramparAoM meM prasenajita ko komala kA rAjA kahA gayA hai aura usakI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI batAI gaI hai, jabaki 'paesI' yA 'pAyAsI' ko artha kekaya deza kA rAjA kahA gayA hai aura usakI rAjadhAnI seyaMviyA (zvetAmbikA) kahI gaI hai, yadyapi zvetAmbikA zrAvastI ke samIpa hI thI, adhika dUra nahIM thii| dIghanikAya ke anusAra 'paesI' yA 'pAyAsI' prasenajita ke adhInastha eka rAjA thA, tabhI use prasenajita kA bhaya batAkara yaha kahA gayA thA ki jaba prasena yaha sunegA ki 'paesI' nAstikavAdI hai, to kyA kahegA? rAjA prasenajita eka aitihAsika vyaktitva avazya haiM aura unakA ullekha jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya kA eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha dIghanikAya hai, usake dvitIya vibhAga meM pAyAsIsutta upalabdha hotA hai, kiMtu usakA sambaMdha bhI prasenajita ke praznottara se nahIM hai, apitu 'payAsI' se hue praznottara se hai| usameM bhI punarjanma, paraloka kI siddhi ke lie prAyaH ve hI tarka die gae haiM , jo hameM rAjapraznIyasUtra meM milate haiM, ataH isakA saMskRta 'rAjapraznIyasUtraH' nAma hI samucita mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM rAjA ke praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra kA racanAkAla ____ rAjapraznIyasUtra ke nAmakaraNa ke pazcAt yadi hama isake kAla ke sambaMdha meM vicAra kareM, to rAjapraznIyasUtra kA sabase prathama ullekha hameM 'naMdIsUtra' meM kAlikasUtroM kI jo sUcI dI gaI hai, usameM upalabdha hotA hai| naMdIsUtra kA racanAkAla IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI prAyaH sunizcita hai, kiMtu ise rAjapraznIyasUtra ke vartamAna saMskaraNa kI uttara-tithi hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra kA aMtima bhAga, jo kezIkumAra zramaNa aura paesI ke saMvAdarUpa hai, kA astitva usake pUrva bhI honA cAhie, kyoMki rAjapraznIyasUtra ke isa aMtima bhAga kI samarUpatA bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya ke dIghanikAya ke payAsIsutta se hai aura pAyAsIsutta IsvI pUrva kI racanA hai| 'paesI' yA 'pAyAsI' kA yaha kathAnaka I.pU.chaThavIM zatI kA hogA, jise donoM paramparAoM ne apane anusAra (145)

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thor3A-bahuta parivartita karake apane graMthoM kA aMga banA diyA hai, kyoMki pAyAsIsutta aura rAjapraznIyasUtra kA vaha aMtima bhAga, jo jIva ke punarjanma, paraloka Adi ko siddha karatA hai, paryApta rUpa meM samAnatA rakhatA hai, jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki rAjapraznIyasUtra kA yaha aMtima vibhAga nizcita hI IsvI pUrva kI racanA hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora, rAjapraznIyasUtra meM vimAna, prekSAgRha, jinamaMdira se sambaMdhita jina vAstukalAoM kA citraNa hai tathA unameM jinapUjA-vidhi ke jo ullekha haiM, ve ise mauryakAla se paravartI tathA pUrva guptakAla kA siddha karate haiN| isake sAtha hI rAjapraznIyasUtra meM gAyana, vAdana aura nRtyakalA ke jo vikasita nirdeza upalabdha hote haiM, ve bhI isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki rAjapraznIyasUtra ke agrima bhAga kA racanAkAla IsvI san kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM ho sakatA hai| eka ora usameM cikane pAliza vAlI jisa zilA kA ullekha hai, vaha mauryakAlIna pAliza kA smaraNa karAtI hai, to dUsarI ora sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA jinapUjA ke pUrva pustaka ratna ke kholane aura par3hane ke jo nirdeza haiM, ve isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki rAjapraznIyasUtra ke pUrvabhAga kI racanA ke samaya jaina paramparA meM likhita pustakoM kA pracalana prArambha ho gayA thaa| punaH, jaisA maiMne pUrva meM kahA hai ki isameM vimAna aura prekSAgRha kI jisa vAstukalA kA tathA nRtya, saMgIta aura vAdyayaMtroM kA nirdeza milatA hai, vaha pUrvaguptakAla se pahale kA nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra, rAjapraznIyasUtra ke lekhana kAla kA nirdhAraNa ise do bhAgoM meM bAMTakara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakA ukta bhAga, jo 'paesI' ke praznottara se sambaMdhita hai, mauryakAlIna hai aura pUrvabhAga, jo sUryAbhadeva ke kathAnaka se sambaMdhita hai, vaha IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI kA honA cAhie, phira bhI itanA to sunizcita hai ki yaha graMtha apane vartamAna svarUpa meM valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva astitva meM A gayA thaa| rAjapraznIyasUtra kI viSaya-vastu jahAM taka rAjapraznIyasUtra kI viSaya-vastu kA prazna hai, ise mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| prathama bhAga meM sUryAbhadeva kA prasaMga hai aura dUsare bhAga meM citta-sArathI kI preraNA se kezIkumAra zramaNa aura rAjA paesI ke madhya hue saMvAda kA ullekha hai| punaH isake pUrva bhAga meM vAstukalA, saMgIta, nATaka, vAdyayaMtra Adi ke jo vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM , ve nizcita hI isake sAMskRtika mahattva ko spaSTa karate haiN| (146)

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prastuta Alekha meM hama ina tInoM hI pakSoM kA saMkSipta ullekha kreNge| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM sarvaprathama AmalakalpA nagarI, usake caitya, vahAM ke rAjA seya' evaM rAnI 'dhAriNI' kA varNana hai, phira AmalakalpA nagarI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke padArpaNa aura rAjA ke unake darzanArtha jAne kA ullekha hai| prastuta nagara Adi kA varNana yahAM isalie kiyA gayA hai ki sUryAbhadeva ne isI nagara meM Akara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vaMdanA kI thI aura gautama Adi ke samakSa bhagavAn ke jIvanavRtta sambaMdhI nATya kA maMcana kiyA thaa| taMdanantara, isa upAMga meM sUryAbhadeva kI mahat Rddhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, phira devoM dvArA AmalakalpA nagara ko svaccha karane Adi ke ullekha haiN| isake pazcAt sUryAbhadeva ke Adeza para suMdara aura vizAlakAya vimAna-nirmANa sambaMdhI vivaraNa hai| isI krama meM sUryAbhadeva dvArA prastuta nATya saMgIta Adi kA vivaraNa hai| isake pazcAt gautama Adi kI jijJAsA para sUryAbhadeva kI Rddhi aura dinacaryA kA varNana hai, jisameM unake abhiSeka Adi kriyAoM kA aura sudharmA sabhA, siddhAyatana, sUryAbhadeva dvArA siddhAyatana meM jina-pratimAoM Adi ke arcana, pUjana, stuti Adi karane kA bhI nirdeza hai| isake pazcAt sUryAbhadeva ke pUrva bhava meM 'paesI' rAjA hone aura unakI kezIkumAra zramaNa se punarjanma, paraloka Adi sambaMdhoM meM jo vistRta carcA huI hai, usakA varNana hai| tatpazcAt, paesI rAjA dvArA zrAvaka dharma ke grahaNa, rAnI sUryakAMtA dvArA unheM viSa dene, unake dvArA samAdhimaraNa svIkAra kara maraNoparAMta sUryAbhadeva ke rUpa meM utpanna hone kI kathA hai| aMta meM, sUryAbhadeva dvArA devAyu pUrNa kara mahAvideha kSetra meM utpanna hone tathA saMyama grahaNa kara mukta hone kA nirdeza hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM varNita vAdana, gAyana aura nRtya kalA (a) vAdyayaMtra rAjapraznIyasUtra meM sUryAbhadeva dvArA jisa nATaka kA maMcana kiyA gayA thA, usameM aneka vAdyayaMtroM kA prayoga huA thaa| una vAdyayaMtroM kA nirdeza nimna rUpa meM hai. zaMkha, zrRMga, zrRMgikA, kharamuhI (kAhAlA), peyA (mahatIkAlA), piripirikA (kolika mukhAvanaddha mukhavAdya), paNava (laghupaTaha), paTaha, bhaMbhA

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(DhakkA), horaMbhA (mahADhakkA), bherI (DhakkAkRti vAdya), jhallarI (carmavinaddhA vistIrNavalayAkArA), dundubhi (bheryAkArA saMkaTamukhI devAtodya), muraja (mahApramANa maMdala), mRdaMga (laghu mardala), naMdImRdaMga (ekataH kaMkIrNaH anyatra vistRto murajavizeSaH), Aliga (muraja vAdyavizeSa), kustuMba (carmAvanaddhapuTo vAdyavizeSaH), gomukhI, mardala (ubhayataH sama), vINA, vipaMjI (tritaMtrI vINA), vallakI (sAmAnyato vINA), mahatI, kacchabhI (bhAratI vINA), citravINA, baddhIsa, sughoSA, naMdighoSA, bhrAmarI, SaDbhrAmarI, varavAdanI (saptataMtrI vINA), tUNA, tumbavINA (tuMbayukta vINA), AmoTa, jhaMjhA, nakula, mukunda (muraja vAdyavizeSa), huDukkA, vicikkI, karaTA, DiMDima, kiNita, kaDaMba, dardara, dardarikA (yasya caturbhizcaraNaikhasthAnaM bhuvi sa godhAcarmAvanaddho, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 101), kalazikA, mahuyA, tala, tAla, kAMsyatAla, rigisikA (rigisigikA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti), lattiyA, magarikA, zizumArikA, vaMza, veNu, vAlI (tUNavizeSaH, sa hi mukhe datvA vAdyate), parili aura baddhaka (piralIbaddhako tUNarUpa vaadyvishessau)| sUryAbhadeva dvArA prastuta abhinaya kA svarUpa . sUryAbhadeva ne harSita citta se mahAvIra ko vaMdana kara nivedana kiyA ki he bhadanta! maiM ApakI bhaktivaza gautama Adi nirgranthoM ke sammukha isa divya devaRddhi, divya devadyuti evaM divya devaprabhAva tathA battIsa prakAra kI nATyavidhi ko prastuta karanA cAhatA huuN| sUryAbhadeva ke isa nivedana para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unake kathana kA na Adara hI kiyA aura na usakI anumodanA hI kI, apitu mauna rahe, taba sUryAbhadeva ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se do-tIna bAra punaH isI prakAra nivedana kiyA aura aisA kahakara usane bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pradakSiNA kI, unheM vaMdana-namaskAra kara uttara-pUrva dizA meM gyaa| vaikriyasamudghAta karake bahusmaraNIya bhUmibhAga kI racanA kI, jo samatala thA evaM maNiyoM se suzobhita thaa| usa sama tathA ramaNIya bhUmi ke madhyabhAga meM eka prekSAgRha (nATyazAlA) kI racanA kI, jo saikar3oM stambhoM para sanniviSTa thaa| usa prekSAgRha ke aMdara ramaNIya bhUbhAga, caMdovA, raMgamaMca tathA maNipIThikA kI racanA kI aura phira usane usa maNipIThikA ke.Upara pAdapITha, chatra Adi se yukta siMhAsana kI racanA kI, jisakA Urva bhAga

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muktAdAmoM se suzobhita ho rahA thaa| taba sUryAbhadeva ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praNAma kiyA aura kahA he bhagavan ! mujhe AjJA diijie| aisA kahakara tIrthaMkara kI ora mukha kara usa zreSTha siMhAsana para baiTha gyaa| nATyavidhi prArambha karane ke lie usane zreSTha AbhUSaNoM se yukta apanI dAhinI bhujA ko lambavata phailAyA, jisase eka sau ATha devakumAra nikle| ve devakumAra yuvocita guNoM se yukta, nRtya ke lie tatpara tathA svarNima vastroM se susajjita the| tadanantara sUryAbhadeva ne vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se yukta bAIM bhujA ko lambavat phailaayaa| usa bhujA se eka sau ATha devakumAriyAM nikalIM, jo atyaMta rUpavatI, svarNima vastroM se susajjita tathA nRtya ke lie tatpara thiiN| tatpazcAt sUryAbhadeva ne eka sau ATha zaMkhoM aura eka sau ATha zaMkhavAdakoM kI, eka sau ATha aMgoM-raNasiMgoM aura unake eka sau ATha vAdakoM kI, eka sau ATha zaMkhikAoM aura unake eka sau ATha vAdakoM Adi unasaTha vAdyoM aura unake vAdakoM kI vikurvaNA kii| isake bAda sUryAbhadeva ne una devakumAroM aura devakumAriyoM ko bulaayaa| ve harSita ho unake pAsa Ae aura vaMdana kara vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA- he devAnupriya ! hameM jo karanA hai, usakI AjJA dIjie, taba sUryAbhadeva ne unase kahA- he devAnupriyo! tuma saba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jAo, unakI pradakSiNA karo, unheM vaMdana-namaskAra karo aura phira gautamAdi nirgranthoM ke samakSa battIsa prakAra kI divya nATyavidhi pradarzita karo tathA nATyavidhi pradarzana kara zIghra hI merI AjJA mujhe vApasa kro| tadanantara sabhI devakumAra evaM devakumAriyoM ne sUryAbhadeva kI AjJA ko svIkAra kiyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa ge| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praNAma kara gautamAdi nirgranthoM ke pAsa aae| ve sabhI devakumAra aura devakumAriyAM paMktibaddha ho eka sAtha mile, milakara sabhI eka sAtha jhuke, phira eka sAtha hI apane mastaka ko Upara kara sIdhe khar3e ho ge| isI krama meM tIna bAra jhukakara sIdhe khar3e hue aura phira eka sAtha alagaalaga phaila ge| yathAyogya upakaraNoM, vAdyoM ko lekara eka sAtha bajAne lage, gAne lage aura nRtya karane lge| unhoMne gAne ko pahale maMda svara se, phira apekSAkRta ucca svara se aura phira uccatara svara se gaayaa| isa taraha unakA yaha tristhAna gAna trisamaya recaka se racita thA, guMjArava se yukta thA, rAgayukta thA, tristhAnakaraNa se zuddha thA, gUMjatI vaMzI aura vINA ke sasvaroM se milA huA thA, karatala, tAla, laya Adi se milA huA thA, madhura thA, sarasa thA, salila tathA manohara thA,

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mRdula pAdasaMcAroM se yukta thA, sunane vAloM ke prItidAyaka thA, zobhana samApti se yukta thaa| isa madhura saMgIta gAna ke sAtha-sAtha vAdaka apane-apane vAdyoM ko bhI bajA rahe the| isa prakAra vaha divya vAdana aura divya nRtya AzcaryakArI hone se adbhuta tathA darzakoM ke manonukUla hone se manojJa thaa| darzakoM ke kahakahoM se nATyazAlA ko guMjAyamAn kara rahA thaa| tatpazcAt nRtya-krIr3A meM pravRtta una devakumAroMaura devakumAriyoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM gautamAdi zramaNa nirgranthoM Adi ke samakSa svastika, zrIvatsa, nandyAvartta, varddhamAnaka, bhadrAsana, kalaza, matsya aura darpaNa- ina ATha maMgaladravyoM kA AkAra-rUpa divya nATyAbhinaya dikhlaayaa| tatpazcAt dUsarI nATyavidhi prastuta karane ke lie ve ekatrita hue evaM unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM gautama Adi nirgranthoM ke samakSa Avartta, pratyAvartta, zreNi, prazreNi, svastika, sauvastika, puSya, mANavaka, varddhamAnaka, matsyANDaka, makarANDaka, jAra, mAra, puSpAvali, padmapatra, sAgarataraMga, vAsantIlatA aura padmalatA ke AkAra kI nATyavidhi dikhlaaii| usake pazcAt una sabhI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa IhAmRga, vRSabha, turaMga-azva, nara-mAnava, magara, vihaga-pakSI, vyAla-sarpa, kinnara,ruru, sarabha, camara, kuMjara, vanalatA aura padmalatA kI AkRti racanA rUpa divya nATyavidhi ko prastuta kiyaa| tadanantara unhoMne ekatovakra, eka tazcakra vAla, dvighAtazcakravAla- aisI cakrArdha-cakravAla nAmaka divya nATyavidhi prastuta kii| isI krama se unhoMne caMdrAvali, sUryAvali, valayovali, haMsAvali, ekAvali, tArAvali, muktAvali, kanakAvali, ratnAvali kI viziSTa racanAoM se yukta divya nATyavidhi kA abhinaya kiyaa| tatpazcAt unhoMne caMdramA aura sUrya ke udaya hone kI racanAvalI udgamanodgamana nAmaka divya nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| usake pazcAt Agamana nATyavidhi abhinIta kii| tadanantara caMdragrahaNa aura sUryagrahaNa hone para gaganamaNDala meM hone vAle vAtAvaraNa kI darzaka AvaraNAvaraNa nAmaka divya nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake bAda astamayanapravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA abhinaya kiyaa| usake pazcAt caMdramaNDala, sUryamaNDala, nAgamaNDala, yakSamaNDala, bhUtamaNDala, rAkSasamaNDala, mahoragamaNDala aura gaMdharvamaNDala kI racanA se yukta darzanamaNDalapravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi prastuta kii| isake pazcAt vRSabhamaNDala, siMhamaNDala kI lalita gati, azva gati aura (150)

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gaja kI vilambita gati, azva aura hastI kI vilasita gati, matta azva aura matta gaja kI vilasita gati Adi gati kI darzaka racanA se yukta drutavilambitapravibhakti nAmaka divya nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake bAda sAgara, nagara pravibhakti nAmaka apUrva nATyavidhi abhinIta kii| tatpazcAt naMdA, campA pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake pazcAt matsyANDa, mAkarANDa, jAra, mAra pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA abhinaya kiyaa| tadanantara unhoMne 'ka' akSara kI AkRti kI racanA karake kakAra pravibhakti, isI prakAra kakAra se lekara pakAra paryanta pAMca vargoM ke 25 akSaroM ke AkAra kA abhinayapradarzana kiyaa| tatpazcAt pallava pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi prastuta kI aura isake bAda unhoMne nAgalatA, azokalatA, campakalatA, AmralatA, vanalatA, vAsantIlatA, atimuktakalatA, zyAmalatA kI suracanA vAlI latA pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake pazcAt anukrama se druta, vilambita, drutavilambita, aMcita, ribhita, aMcitaribhita, Arabhada, bhasola aura ArabhaTabhasola nAmaka nATyavidhiyoM kA pradarzana kiyaa| ina pradarzanoM ke pazcAt ve sabhI eka sthAna para ekatrita hue tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM se sambaMdhita caritra sa nibaddha evaM vartamAna jIvana sambaMdhI cyavanacaritranibaddha, garbhasaMharaNacaritranibaddha, janmacaritranibaddha, janmAbhiSeka, bAlakrIr3Anibaddha, yauvana-caritranibaddha, abhiniSkramaNa-caritranibaddha, tapazcaraNa-caritranibaddha, jJAnotpAda-caritranibaddha, tIrtha-pravarttana caritra se sambaMdhita, parinirvANa caritranibaddha tathA carama-caritranibaddha nAmaka aMtima divya nATya abhinaya kA pradarzana kiyaa|' ___ dhArmika nATakoM ke maMcana aura jinapratimA ke samakSa nRtya karane kI paramparA Aja bhI jainadharma meM jIvita pAI jAtI hai| vigata zatAbdI meM zrIpAla mainAsuMdarI nATaka ke maMcana ke lie eka pUrA samudAya hI thA, jo sthAna-sthAna para jAkara ise evaM anya bhaktipradhAna nATakoM ko maMcita karatA thA aura usI ke sahAre apanI jIvanavRtti calAtA thaa| Aja bhI jainoM ke dhArmika samArohoM ke avasara para jaina-paramparA ke kathAnakoM se sambaddha nATakoM kA maMcana kiyA jAtA hai, ataH saMgIta, nRtya evaM nATaka jIvita paramparA ke rUpa meM Aja bhI jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina sAdhanA meM nRtya, saMgIta Adi jina (151)

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kalAparaka pakSoM kA samAhAra huA hai, usa para bhaktimArgI paramparA kA prabhAva hai| nivRttimArgI paramparA hone ke kAraNa prArambha meM to inakA varjana hI kiyA thA, kiMtu kAlAMtara meM bhaktimArga ne jainadharma ko prabhAvita kiyA aura ye tattva usameM praviSTa ho ge| yadyapi isa mAdhyama se jainAcAryoM ne manuSya ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa kA udAttIkaraNa kiyA hai, tAki vyakti ko eka samyak dizA dI jA ske| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM sUryAbhadeva dvArA kI gaI jinapUjA kA varNana prApta hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- 'sUryAbhadeva ne vyavasAya sabhA meM rakhe hue pustakaratna ko apane hAtha meM liyA, hAtha meM lekara use kholA, kholakara use par3hA aura par3hakara dhArmika kriyA karane kA nizcaya kiyA, nizcaya karake pustakaratna ko vApasa rakhA, rakhakara siMhAsana se uThA aura naMdA nAmaka puSkariNI para aayaa| naMdA puSkariNI meM praviSTa hokara unhoMne apane hAtha-pairoM kA prakSAlana kiyA tathA Acamana kara pUrNa rUpa se svaccha aura zucibhUta hokara svaccha zveta jala se bharI huI zRMgAra (jhArI) tathA usa puSkariNI meM utpanna zatapatra evaM sahasrapatra kamaloM ko grahaNa kiyA, phira vahAM se calakara jahAM siddhAyatana (jinamaMdira) thA, vahAM aae| usameM pUrvadvAra se praveza karake jahAM devachandaka aura jinapratimA thI vahAM Akara jinapratimAoM ko praNAma kiyaa| praNAma karake lomamayI pramArjanI hAtha meM lI, pramArjanI se jinapratimA ko pramArjita kiyaa| pramArjita karake sugaMdhita jala se una jinapratimAoM kA prakSAlana kiyaa| prakSAlana karake una para gozIrSa caMdana kA lepa kiyaa| gozIrSa caMdana kA lepa karane ke pazcAt unheM suvAsita vastroM se poMchA, poMchakara jinapratimAoM ko akhaNDa devadUSya yugala phnaayaa| devadUSya pahanAkara puSpamAlA, gaMdhacUrNa evaM AbhUSaNa cddh'aae| tadanantara nIce laTakatI lambI-lambI gola mAlAeM phnaaiiN| mAlAeM pahanAkara paMcavarNa ke puSpoM kI varSA kI, phira jinapratimAoM ke samakSa vibhinna citrAMkana kie evaM zveta tanduloM se aSTamaMgala kA Alekhana kiyaa| usake pazcAt jinapratimAoM ke samakSa dhUpakSepa kiyaa| dhUpakSepa karane ke pazcAt vizuddha, apUrva, arthasampanna mahimAzAlI 108 chandoM se bhagavAn kI stuti kii| stuti karake sAta-ATha paira pIche httaa| pIche haTakara bAMyA ghuTanA UMcA kiyA tathA dAyAM ghuTanA jamIna para jhukAkara tIna bAra mastaka pRthvI tala para nmaayaa| phira mastaka UMcA kara donoM hAtha jor3akara mastaka para aMjali karake 'namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM... ThANaM saMpattANaM' nAmaka zakrastava kA

Page #157
pATha kiyaa| isa prakAra, arhanta aura siddha bhagavAn kI stuti karake phira jinamaMdira ke madhya bhAga meM aae| use pramArjita kara divya jaladhArA se siMcita kiyA aura gozIrSa naMdana kA lepa kiyA tathA puSpasamUhoM kI varSA kii| tatpazcAt usI prakAra unhoMne mayUrapicchi se dvArazAkhAoM, putaliyoM evaM vyAloM ko pramArjita kiyA tathA unakA prakSAlana kara unako caMdana se arcita kiyA tathA dhUpakSepa karake puSpa evaM AbhUSaNa cddh'aae| isI prakAra, unhoMne maNipIThikAoM evaM unakI jinapratimAoM kI, caityavRkSa kI tathA maheMdra dhvajA kI pUjA-arcanA kii| isase spaSTa hai ki rAjapraznIya ke kAla meM pUjA sambaMdhI maMtroM ke atirikta jinapUjA kI eka suvyavasthita prakriyA nirmita ho cukI thii| lagabhaga aisA hI vivaraNa varAMgacarita ke 23veM sarga meM bhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jinapUjA kA yaha vikasita svarUpa guptakAlIna hai aura bhaktimArga ke vikAsa ke sAtha jainadharma meM praviSTa huA hai| isa para hindUdharma kI pUjA-paddhati kA pUrNa prabhAva hai, jisakI carcA maiMne apanI pustaka 'jainadharma aura tAMtrika sAdhanA' meM kI hai| hama yaha bhI batA cuke haiM ki rAjapraznIyasUtra kA yaha bhAga paravartI prakSepa hai| mUla bhAga kevala rAjA paesI aura kezIkumAra zramaNa kI carcA taka hI sImita thaa| punarjanma evaM paraloka ke niSedha kIrAjapraznIyasUtra meM samIkSA jaina AgamoM meM punarjanma evaM paraloka ke niSedhaka dehAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa ke pakSa aura vipakSa meM tarka prastuta karane vAlA sarvaprathama rAjapraznIyasUtra hai| yahI ekamAtra aisA prAkRta Agama graMtha hai, jo ucchedavAda aura tajIvataccharIravAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa- donoM ke saMdarbha meM apane tarka prastuta karatA hai| rAjapraznIya meM dehAtmavAda ke pUrva pakSa ko aura unakA khaNDana karane vAle uttara pakSa ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai. rAjA paesI kahatA hai- he kezIkumAra zramaNa ! mere dAdA atyaMta adhArmika the| Apake kathanAnusAra ve avazya hI naraka meM utpanna hue hoNge| maiM apane pitAmaha ko atyaMta priya thA, ata: mere pitAmaha ko Akara mujhase yaha kahanA cAhie ki he pautra ! maiM tumhArA pitAmaha thA aura isI seyaMviyA (zvetAmbikA) nagarI meM adhArmika kRtya karatA thA, yAvat prajAjanoM se rAjakara lekara bhI yathocita rUpa (153)

Page #158
meM unakA pAlana-rakSaNa nahIM karatA thaa| isa kAraNa bahuta evaM atIva kaluSita pApakarmoM kA saMcaya karake maiM naraka meM utpanna huA hUM, kiMtu he pautra ! tuma adhArmika mata honA, prajAjanoM se kara lekara unake pAlana-rakSaNa meM pramAda mata karanA aura na bahuta se malina pApa karmoM kA upArjana-saMcaya hI krnaa| dehAtmavAdiyoM ke isa tarka ke pratiuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna samAdhAna prastuta kiyA- he rAjan ! jisa prakAra tuma apane aparAdhI ko isalie nahIM chor3a dete ho ki vaha jAkara apane putra-mitra aura jJAti- janoM ko yaha batAe ki maiM apane pApa ke kAraNa daNDa bhoga rahA hUM, tuma aisA mata krnaa| isI prakAra, naraka meM utpanna tumhAre pitAmaha tumheM pratibodha dene ke lie AnA cAhakara bhI yahAM Ane meM samartha nahIM haiN| nArakIya jIva nimna cAra kAraNoM se manuSyaloka meM nahIM A skte| sarvaprathama to unameM naraka se nikalakara manuSyaloka meM Ane kI sAmarthya hI nahIM hotii| dUsare, narakapAla unheM naraka se bAhara nikalane kI anumati bhI nahIM dete| tIsare, naraka sambaMdhI asAtAvedanIya karma ke kSaya nahIM hone se ve vahAM se nahIM nikala paate| cauthe, unakA naraka sambaMdhI AyuSyakarma jaba taka kSINa nahIM hotA, taba taka ve vahAM se nahIM A skte| ataH, tumhAre pitAmaha ke dvArA tumheM Akara pratibodha na de pAne ke kAraNa yaha mAnyatA mata rakho ki jIva aura zarIra eka hI haiM, apitu yaha mAnyatA rakho ki jIva anya hai aura zarIra anya hai| smaraNa rahe ki dIghanikAya meM bhI naraka se manuSyaloka meM na A pAne ke inhIM cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kezIkumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne dUsarA tarka kiyaa| he zramaNa ! merI dAdI atyaMta dhArmika thiiN| Apa logoM ke mata ke anusAra vaha nizcita hI svarga meM utpanna huI hogii| maiM apanI dAdI kA atyaMta priya thA, ata: use mujhe Akara yaha batAnA cAhie ki he pautra ! apane puNya karmoM ke kAraNa maiM svarga meM utpanna huI huuN| tuma bhI mere samAna dhArmika jIvana bitAo, jisase tuma bhI vipula puNya kA upArjana kara svarga meM utpanna hoo| kyoMki merI dAdI ne svarga se Akara mujhe aisA pratibodha nahIM diyA, ata: maiM yahI mAnatA hUM ki jIvana aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| rAjA ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna tarka prastuta kiyA- he rAjan ! yadi tuma snAna, balikarma aura kautukamaMgala karake devakula meM

Page #159
praviSTa ho rahe ho, usa samaya koI puruSa zaucAlaya meM khar3A hokara yaha kahe ki he svAmin ! yahAM Ao ! kucha samaya ke lie yahAM baiTho, khar3e hoo, to kyA tuma usa puruSa kI bAta ko svIkAra kroge| nizcaya hI tuma usa apavitra sthAna para jAnA nahIM caahoge| isI prakAra, he rAjan ! devaloka meM utpanna deva vahAM ke divya kAmabhAgoM meM itane mUrcchita, gRdhu aura tallIna ho jAte haiM ki ve manuSyaloka meM Ane kI icchA nahIM krte| dUsare, devaloka sambaMdhI divya bhogoM meM tallIna ho jAne ke kAraNa unakA manuSya sambaMdhI prema vyucchinna ho jAtA hai, ata: ve manuSyaloka meM nahIM A paate| tIsare, devaloka meM deva vahAM ke divya kAmabhogoM meM mUJchita yA tallIna hone ke kAraNa, abhI jAtA hUM, abhI jAtA hUM- aisA socate rahate haiM, kiMtu utane samaya meM alpAyuSya vAle manuSya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAte haiN| (kyoMki devoM kA eka dina-rAta manuSyaloka ke sau varSa ke barAbara hotA hai, ataH eka dina kA bhI vilamba hone para vahAM manuSya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAtA hai|) punaH, manuSyaloka itanA durgandhita aura aniSTakara hai ki usakI durgandha ke kAraNa deva manuSyaloka meM AnA nahIM cAhate haiN| ataH, tumhArI dAdI ke svarga se nahIM Ane para yaha zraddhA rakhanA ucita nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| kezIkumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyaa| rAjA ne kahA ki maiMne eka cora ko jIvita hI lohe kI kumbhI meM baMda karavAkara acchI taraha se lohe se usakA mukha DhaMka diyA, phira usa para garama lohe aura rAMge se lepa karA diyA tathA usakI dekha-rekha ke lie apane vizvAsapAtra puruSoM ko rakha diyaa| kucha dina pazcAt maiMne usa kumbhI ko khulavAyA, to dekhA ki vaha manuSya mara cukA thA, kiMtu usa kumbhI meM koI bhI chidra, vivara yA darAra nahIM thI, jisase usameM baMda puruSa kA jIva bAhara nikalA ho, ataH jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| - isake pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna tarka prastuta kiyA jisa prakAra eka aisI kuTAgArazAlA, jo acchI taraha se AcchAdita ho, usakA dvAra gupta ho, yahAM taka ki usameM kucha bhI praveza nahIM kara sake, yadi usa kuTAgArazAlA meM koI vyakti jora se bherI bajAe, to tuma batAo ki vaha AvAja bAhara sunAI degI ki nahIM? nizcaya hI vaha AvAja sunAI degii| ataH, jisa prakAra zabda apratihata gativAlA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI apratihata

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gativAlA hai, ataH tuma yahAM zraddhA karo ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna haiN| (jJAtavya hai ki aba yaha tarka vijJAnasammata nahIM raha gayA hai, yadyapi AtmA kI amUrtatA ke AdhAra para bhI rAjA ke uparyukta tarka kA pratyuttara diyA jA sakatA hai|) kezIkumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA maiMne eka puruSa ko prANarahita karake eka lauhakumbhI meM sulavA diyA tathA Dhakkana se use baMda karake usa para rAMge kA lepa karavA diyA, kucha samaya pazcAt jaba usa kumbhI ko kholA gayA, to use kRmikula se vyApta dekhA, kiMtu usameM koI darAra yA chidra nahIM thA, jisase usameM jIva praveza karake utpanna hue hoN| ataH, jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| rAjA ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne agni se tapAe lohe ke gole kA udAharaNa diyaa| jisa prakAra lohe meM cheda nahIM hone para bhI agni usameM praveza kara jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI apratihata gativAlA hone se kahIM bhI praveza kara jAtA hai| kezIkumAra zramaNa kA yaha pratyuttara sunakara rAjA ne punaH nayA tarka prastuta kiyaa| usane kahA ki maiMne eka vyakti ko jIvita rahate hue aura marane ke bAdadonoM hI dazAoM meM taulA, kiMtu donoM ke taula meM koI aMtara nahIM thaa| yadi mRtyu ke bAda AtmA usameM se nikalI hotI, to usakA vajana kucha kama avazya honA cAhie thaa| isake pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne vAyu se bharI huI aura vAyu se rahita mazakha ke taula hone kA udAharaNa diyA aura yaha batAyA ki jisa prakAra vAyu agurulaghu hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI agurulaghu hai, ataH tumhArA yaha tarka yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| (aba yaha tarka bhI vaijJAnika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM raha gayA hai, kyoMki vaijJAnika yaha mAnate haiM ki vAyu meM vajana hotA hai| dUsare, yaha bhI prayoga karake dekhA gayA hai ki jIvita aura mRta zarIra ke vajana meM aMtara pAyA jAtA hai| usa yuga meM sUkSma tulA ke abhAva ke kAraNa yaha aMtara jJAta nahIM hotA rahA hogaa|) / rAjA ne phira eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA aura kahA ki maiMne eka cora ke zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM ko kATakara, cIrakara dekhA, lekina mujhe kahIM bhI jIva nahIM dikhAI diyA, ataH zarIra se pRthak jIva kI sattA siddha nahIM hotii| isake pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne use nimna udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA

Page #161
'he rAjan ! tU bar3A mUr3ha mAlUma hotA hai| maiM tujhe eka udAharaNa dekara samajhAtA huuN| eka bAra kucha vanajIvI sAtha meM agni lekara eka bar3e jaMgala meM phuNce| unhoMne apane eka sAthI se kahA- he devAnupriya! hama jaMgala meM lakar3I lene jAte haiM, tU isa agni se Aga jalAkara hamAre lie bhojana banAkara taiyAra rkhnaa| yadi agni bujha jAe, to lakar3iyoM ko ghisakara agni jalA lenaa| usake sAthiyoM ke cale jAne para thor3I hI dera bAda Aga bujha gii| apane sAthiyoM ke AdezAnusAra vaha lakar3iyoM ko cAroM ora se ulaTa-palaTakara dekhane lagA, lekina Aga kahIM najara nahIM aaii| usane apanI kulhAr3I se lakar3iyoM ko cIrA, unake choTe-choTe Tukar3e kie, kiMtu phira bhI Aga dikhAI nahIM dii| vaha nirAza hokara baiTha gayA aura socane lagA ki dekho, maiM abhI taka bhI bhojana taiyAra nahIM kara skaa| itane meM jaMgala meM se usake sAthI lauTakara A gae, usane una logoM se sArI bAteM khiiN| isa para unameM se eka sAthI ne zara banAyA aura zara ko araNi ke sAtha ghisakara agni jalAkara dikhAI aura phira sabane bhojana banAkara khaayaa| he paesI! jaise lakar3I ko cIrakara Aga pAne kI icchA rakhane vAlA ukta manuSya mUrkha thA, vaise hI zarIra ko cIrakara jIva dekhane kI icchA vAle tuma bhI kucha kama mUrkha nahIM ho| jisa prakAra araNi ke mAdhyama se agni abhivyakta hotI hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI zarIra ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta hotI hai, kiMtu zarIra ko cIrakara use dekhane kI prakriyA usI prakAra mUrkhatApUrNa hai, jaise araNi ko cIra phAr3akara agni ko dekhane kI prkriyaa| ataH, he rAjan! yaha zraddhA karo ki AtmA anya hai aura zarIra anya hai| ___ yahAM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye sabhI tarka vaijJAnika yuga meM itane sabala nahIM raha gae haiM, kiMtu I.pU. sAmAnyatayA cArvAkoM ke pakSa ke samarthana meM aura unakA khaNDana karane ke lie ye hI tarka prastuta kie jAte the, ataH cArvAkadarzana ke aitihAsika vikAsa-krama kI dRSTi se inakA apanA mahattva hai| jaina aura bauddha-paramparA meM inameM se adhikAMza tarka samAna hone se inakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA bhI svataHsiddha hai| jaina sAhitya meM dArzanika dRSTi se jahAM taka cArvAka darzana ke tarka purassara prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA kA prazna hai- sarvaprathama use Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ke eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha vizeSAvazyakabhASya (IsvI san kI chaThavIM zatI) meM dekhA (157)

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jA sakatA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA IsvI san kI chaThavIM zatI meM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa graMtha kI lagabhaga 500 gAthAeM to AtmA, karma, puNya-pApa, svarga-naraka, baMdhana-mukti Adi avadhAraNAoM kI tArkika samIkSA se sambaMdhita haiN| isa graMtha kA yaha aMza gaNadharavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura aba svataMtra rUpa se prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM isa samagra carcA ko sameTa pAnA sambhava nahIM thA, ataH isa nibaMdha ko yahIM virAma de rahe haiN| vRSNidazA : eka paricaya jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke eka varga upAMga sAhitya meM bArahaveM upAMga ke rUpa meM vRSNidazA' kA nAma AtA hai| nandIsUtra meM jo kAlika aura utkAlika sUtroM kI sUcI dI gaI hai, usameM utkAlika sUtroM ke aMtargata vRSNidazA kA nAmollekha milatA hai| isase yaha tathya to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vRSNidazA' nAmaka isa upAMga kA astitva kama se kama nandIsUtra ke pUrva arthAt IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva thaa| yahAM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki sthAnAMgasUtra meM jina dasa dazAoM ke ullekha haiM, unameM kahIM bhI vRSNidazA kA ullekha nahIM hai| vRSNidazA kA sarvaprathama ullekha nandIsUtra meM hI milatA hai| nandIsUtra kI cUrNi (lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI) meM prastuta upAMga kA nAma 'andhakavRSNidazA' diyA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, cUrNi andhaka zabda kA artha bhI spaSTa karatI hai aura use pula ke rUpa meM ullekhita karatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vRSNidazA kA pUrva nAma aMdhakavRSNidazA thaa| kAlAMtara meM aMdhaka zabda lupta ho gayA aura kevala, vRSNidazA- aisA nAma hI zeSa raha gyaa| isakA racanAkAla IsvI san kI pAMcavIM zatI se pUrva hai, kiMtu isake racayitA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ___harivaMzapurANa meM aMdhakavRSNi' kA ullekha milatA hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA ki balarAma, kRSNa aura ariSTanemi kA janma andhakavRSNi kula meM huA thaa| vahAM andhakavRSNi ko kRSNa, balarAma aura bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA dAdA kahA gayA hai| andhakavRSNi ke samudravijaya, vasudeva Adi dasa putra hue| jahAM

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samudravijaya se ariSTanemi kA janma huA, vahIM vasudeva ke kRSNa aura balarAma nAmaka putra hue| hindU paramparA ke harivaMzapurANa ke taitIsaveM adhyAya meM bhI yaduvaMza kI utpatti kA tathA cautIsaveM adhyAya meM vRSNivaMza kA ullekha milatA hai| donoM paramparAoM ke AdhAra para itanA to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki andhakavRSNi se hI vRSNivaMza kA prArambha huaa| prastuta upAMga vRSNidazA meM hameM vRSNivaMza ke nimna bAraha rAjakumAroM kA ullekha milatA hai- 1. niSatha, 2. mAtali, 3. vaha, 4 vahe, 5 yagayA, 6. yukti, 7. dazaratha, 8. dRr3haratha, 9. mahadhanvA, 10. saptadhanvA, 11. dazadhanvA, 12. shtdhnvaa|| - vRSNidazA meM niSadha Adi jina bAraha bAlakoM kA ullekha hai, unheM kRSNa ke bar3e bhrAtA balarAma kI rAnI revatI kA putra batAyA gayA hai| yahAM do tIna bAteM vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya haiM- prathama to yaha ki vRSNidazA ke nAma se aisA lagatA hai ki yaha dasa adhyAyoM kA koI graMtha hai, kiMtu vartamAna meM isameM bAraha adhyAya pAe jAte haiN| isa graMtha meM jo bAraha adhyAyoM ke nAma ullekhita kie gae haiM, unameM mAtra prathama adhyAya kA hI vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai, zeSa adhyAya kA vivaraNa na dekara mAtra yaha kaha diyA gayA hai ki zeSa gyAraha adhyAyoM kA varNana prathama adhyAya ke samAna hI jAna lenA caahie| isa AdhAra para yahAM yaha vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki kyA zeSa rAjakumAra bhI kRSNa ke bar3e bhrAtA baladeva kI rAnI revatI ke hI putra the? kiMtu mUla graMtha meM isa sambaMdha meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milatA hai, phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki ye sabhI rAjakumAra vRSNivaMza se sambaMdhita rahe haiN| / jahAM taka vRSNidazA nAmaka isa bArahaveM upAMgasUtra kI viSaya-vastu kA prazna hai, mUla graMtha meM sarvaprathama dvArikA nagarI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt raivataka parvata tathA usakI talahaTI meM sthita naMdanavana kA ullekha huA hai| yaha sabhI vivaraNa antakRtdazA nAmaka aSTama aMgasUtra ke samAna hI hai, isameM koI navInatA yA bhinnatA parilakSita nahIM hotI hai| tadanantara isa naMdanavana udyAna meM ariSTanemi ke Agamana kA ullekha hai| phira kRSNa vAsudeva dvArA niSadhakumAra Adi apane parivAra ke sAtha ariSTanemi bhagavAn ke darzanArtha jAne kA ullekha hai| viSadhakumAra ko dekhakara varadatta muni ke mana meM jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai| ariSTanemi varadatta aNagAra kI isa jijJAsA ko zAMta karate hue sarvaprathama niSadhakumAra ke (159)

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vIrAMgada nAmaka pUrva bhava kA vivecana karate haiN| usake bAda niSadhakumAra kI dIkSA aura sAdhanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aMta meM, niSadhakumAra ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt unakI devaloka meM utpatti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| phira yaha batAyA gayA hai ki niSadhakumAra kA jIva devaloka se cyuta hokara mahAvideha kSetra meM utpanna hogA aura dIkSita hokara apane sAdhanoM ke dvArA mukti ko prApta kregaa| yaha mUla graMtha ati saMkSipta hai, phira bhI isameM niSadhakumAra ke pUrvabhava kA tathA paravartI bhava sahita tIna bhavoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta, mUlagraMtha meM vizeSa koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI niSadhakumAra ke tIna bhavoM ke ullekha se punarjanma aura AtmA kI nityatA kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| isameM zeSa gyAraha adhyAyoM kI prathama adhyAya se jo samarUpatA batAI gaI hai, usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki niSadhakumAra ke samAna zeSa bhAiyoM ne bhI saMyamavrata grahaNa kiyA hogA aura saMthArApUrvaka dehatyAga karake svarga meM utpanna hue hoMge aura phira mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara mukti ko prApta kreNge| prastuta kRti meM aSTamaMgala kA ullekha hai aura aSTamaMgala kA aMkana hameM mathurA ke zilpa meM IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI se milane lagatA hai, ataH vRSNidazA kA racanAkAla bhI isI ke Asa-pAsa honA caahie| merI dRSTi meM nirgrantha paramparA meM kRSNa aura unake vRSNivaMza kA ullekha bhI inhIM zatAbdiyoM meM prArambha huA hogaa| isake atirikta, vRSNidazA meM dvArikA nagarI, raivataka parvata, nandanavana udyAna, surapriya yakSAyatana, ariSTanemi ke Agamana aura kRSNavAsudeva, baladeva Adi ke darzanArtha jAne Adi ke jo ullekha isa upAMgasUtra meM haiM, ve aMtakRddazA Adi graMthoM meM bhI milate haiM, usameM na to kisI prakAra kI navInatA hai aura na koI vaiziSTya hI hai|

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rAjapraznIyasUtra meM cArvAka mata kA prastutikaraNa _ evaM samIkSA jaina AgamoM meM cArvAka darzana ke dehAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa ke samarthana meM aura usakekhaNDana kelie tarkaprastuta karane vAlA sarvaprathama rAjapraznIyasUtra hai| yahI ekamAtra aisA prAkRta Agama graMtha hai, jo cArvAka darzana ke ucchedavAda aura tajjIvataccharIravAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa- donoM ke saMdarbha meM apane tarka prastuta karatA hai| rAjapraznIya meM cArvAkoM kI ina mAnyatAoM ke pUrva pakSa ko aura unakA khaNDana karane vAle uttara pakSa ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai1. rAjA paesI kahatA hai- he kezIkumAra zramaNa! mere dAdA atyaMta adhArmika the| Apake kathAnusAra ve avazya hI naraka meM utpanna hue hoNge| maiM apane pitAmaha ko atyaMta priya thA, ataH mere pitAmaha ko Akara mujhase yaha kahanA cAhie ki he pautra! maiM tumhArA pitAmaha thA aura isI seyaMviyA (zvetAmbikA) nagarI meM adhArmika kRtya karatA thA, yAvat prajAjanoM se rAjakara lekara bhI yathocita rUpa meM unakA pAlana-rakSaNa nahIM karatA thaa| isa kAraNa bahuta evaM atIva kaluSita pApakarmoM kA saMcaya karake maiM naraka meM utpanna huA hUM, kiMtu he pautra! tuma adhArmika mata honA, prajAjanoM se kara lekara unake pAlana-rakSaNa meM pramAda mata karanA aura na bahuta se malina pApa- karmoM kA upArjana-saMcaya hI krnaa| dehAtmavAdiyoM ke isa tarka ke pratiuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna samAdhAna prastuta kiyA- he rAjan! jisa prakAra tuma apane aparAdhI ko isalie nahIM chor3a dete ho ki vaha jAkara apane putra-mitra aura jJAtijanoM ko yaha batAe ki maiM apane pApa ke kAraNa daNDa bhoga rahA hUM, tuma aisA mata krnaa| isI prakAra naraka meM utpanna tumhAre pitAmaha tumheM pratibodha dene ke lie AnA cAhakara bhI yahAM Ane meM samartha nahIM haiN| nArakIya jIva nimna cAra kAraNoM se manuSyaloka meM nahIM A sakate, kyoMki unameM naraka se nikalakara manuSyaloka meM Ane kI sAmarthya hI nahIM hotii| (dekheM- rAjapraznIyasUtra, saM. madhukaramuni sUtra 242-260) narakapAla unheM naraka se bAhara nikalane kI anumati bhI nahIM dete| tIsare, naraka sambaMdhI asAtAvedanIya karma ke kSaya nahIM hone se vahAM se nahIM nikala paate| cauthe, unakA naraka sambaMdhI AyuSyakarma jaba taka kSINa nahIM hotA, taba taka ve (161)

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vahAM se nahIM A skte| ataH, tumhAre pitAmaha ke dvArA tumheM Akara pratibodha na de pAne ke kAraNa yaha mAnyatA mata rakho ki jIva aura zarIra eka hI haiM, apitu yaha mAnyatA rakho ki jIva anya hai aura zarIra anya hai| smaraNa rahe ki dIghanikAya meM bhI naraka se manuSyaloka meM na A pAne ke inhIM cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kezIkumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne dUsarA tarka prastuta kiyaa| he zramaNa! merI dAdI atyaMta dhArmika thIM, Apa logoM ke mata anusAra vaha nizcita hI svarga meM utpanna huI hogii| maiM apanI dAdI kA atyaMta priya thA; ata: use mujhe Akara yaha batAnA cAhie ki he pautra! apane puNya karmoM ke kAraNa maiM svarga meM utpanna huI huuN| tuma bhI mere samAna dhArmika jIvana bitAo, jisase tuma bhI vipula puNya kA upArjana kara svarga meM utpanna hoo| kyoMki merI dAdI ne svarga se Akara mujhe aisA pratibodha nahIM diyA, ataH maiM yahI mAnatA hUM ki jIvana aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| rAjA ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna tarka prastuta kiyA- he rAjan ! yadi tuma snAna, balikarma aura kautukamaMgala karake devakula meM praviSTa ho rahe ho, usa samaya koI puruSa zaucAlaya meM khar3A hokara yaha kahe ki he svAmin ! yahAM Ao ! kucha samaya ke lie yahAM baiTho, khar3e hoo, to kyA tuma usa puruSa kI bAta ko svIkAra kroge| nizcaya hI tuma usa apavitra sthAna para jAnA nahIM caahoge| isI prakAra, he rAjan ! devaloka meM utpanna deva vahAM ke divya kAmabhAgoM meM itane mUrcchita, gRdhu aura tallIna ho jAte haiM ki ve manuSyaloka meM Ane kI icchA nahIM krte| dUsare, devaloka sambaMdhI divya bhogoM meM tallIna ho jAne ke kAraNa unakA manuSya sambaMdhI prema vyucchinna ho jAtA hai, ata: ve manuSyaloka meM nahIM A paate| tIsare, devaloka meM deva vahAM ke divya kAmabhogoM meM mUJchita yA tallIna hone ke kAraNa, abhI jAtA hUM, abhI jAtA hUM- aisA socate rahate haiM, kiMtu utane samaya meM alpAyuSya vAle manuSya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAte haiN| (kyoMki devoM kA eka dina-rAta manuSyaloka ke sau varSa ke barAbara hotA hai, ataH eka dina kA bhI vilamba hone para vahAM manuSya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAtA hai|) punaH, manuSyaloka itanA durgandhita aura aniSTakara hai ki usakI durgandha ke kAraNa deva manuSyaloka meM AnA nahIM cAhate haiN| ataH, tumhArI dAdI ke svarga se nahIM Ane

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para yaha zraddhA rakhanA ucita nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| ___ kezIkumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyaa| rAjA ne kahA ki maiMne eka cora ko jIvita hI lohe kI kumbhI meM baMda karavAkara acchI taraha se lohe se usakA mukha DhaMka diyA, phira usa para garama lohe aura rAMge se lepa karA diyA tathA usakI dekha-rekha ke lie apane vizvAsapAtra puruSoM ko rakha diyaa| kucha dina pazcAt maiMne usa kumbhI ko khulavAyA, to dekhA ki vaha manuSya mara cukA thA, kiMtu usa kumbhI meM koI bhI chidra, vivara yA darAra nahIM thI, jisase usameM baMda puruSa kA jIva bAhara nikalA ho, ata: jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| isake pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna tarka prastuta kiyA jisa prakAra eka aisI kuTAgArazAlA, jo acchI taraha se AcchAdita ho, usakA dvAra gupta ho, yahAM taka ki usameM kucha bhI praveza nahIM kara sake, yadi usa kuTAgArazAlA meM koI vyakti jora se bherI bajAe, to tuma batAo ki vaha AvAja bAhara sunAI degI ki nahIM? nizcaya hI vaha AvAja sunAI degI, ataH jisa prakAra zabda apratihata gativAlA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI apratihata gativAlA hai, ataH tuma vahAM zraddhA karo ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna haiN| (jJAtavya hai ki aba yaha tarka vijJAnasammata nahIM raha gayA hai, yadyapi AtmA kI amUrttatA ke AdhAra para bhI rAjA ke uparyukta tarka kA pratyuttara diyA jA sakatA hai|) kezIkumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA - maiMne eka puruSa ko prANarahita karake eka lauhakumbhI meM sulavA diyA tathA Dhakkana se use baMda karake usa para rAMge kA lepa karavA diyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt jaba usa kumbhI ko kholA gayA, to use kRmikula se vyApta dekhA, kiMtu usameM koI darAra yA chidra nahIM thA, jisase usameM jIva praveza karake utpanna hue hoM, ataH jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| rAjA ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne agni se tapAe lohe ke gole kA udAharaNa diyaa| jisa prakAra lohe meM cheda nahIM hone para bhI agni usameM praveza kara jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI apratihata gativAlA hone se kahIM bhI praveza kara jAtA hai|

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kezIkumAra zramaNa kA yaha pratyuttara sunakara rAjA ne punaH nayA tarka prastuta kiyaa| usane kahA ki maiMne eka vyakti ko jIvita rahate hue aura marane ke bAdadonoM hI dazAoM meM taulA, kiMtu donoM ke taula meM koI aMtara nahIM thaa| yadi mRtyu ke bAda AtmA usameM se nikalI hotI, to usakA vajana kucha kama avazya honA cAhie thaa| isake pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne vAyu se bharI huI aura vAyu se rahita mazakha ke taula hone kA udAharaNa diyA aura yaha batAyA ki jisa prakAra vAyu agurulaghu hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI agurulaghu hai, ataH tumhArA yaha tarka yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| (aba yaha tarka bhI vaijJAnika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM raha gayA hai, kyoMki vaijJAnika yaha mAnate haiM ki vAyu meM vajana hotA hai| dUsare, yaha bhI prayoga karake dekhA gayA hai ki jIvita aura mRta zarIra ke vajana meM aMtara pAyA jAtA hai| usa yuga meM sUkSma tulA ke abhAva ke kAraNa yaha aMtara jJAta nahIM hotA rahA hogaa|) ___ rAjA ne phira eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA aura kahA ki maiMne eka cora ke zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM ko kATakara, cIrakara dekhA, lekina mujhe kahIM bhI jIva nahIM dikhAI diyA, ataH zarIra se pRthak jIva kI sattA siddha nahIM hotii| isake pratyuttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne use nimna udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA - 'he rAjan ! tU bar3A mUr3ha mAlUma hotA hai| maiM tujhe eka udAharaNa dekara samajhAtA huuN| eka bAra kucha vanajIvI sAtha meM agni lekara eka bar3e jaMgala meM phuNce| unhoMne apane eka sAthI se kahA- he devAnupriya! hama jaMgala meM lakar3I lene jAte haiM, tU isa agni se Aga jalAkara hamAre lie bhojana banAkara taiyAra rkhnaa| yadi agni bujha jAe, to lakar3iyoM ko ghisakara agni jalA lenaa| usake sAthiyoM ke cale jAne para thor3I hI dera bAda Aga bujha gii| apane sAthiyoM ke AdezAnusAra vaha lakar3iyoM ko cAroM ora se ulaTa-palaTa kara dekhane lagA, lekina Aga kahIM najara nahIM aaii| usane apanI kulhAr3I se lakar3iyoM ko cIrA, unake choTe-choTe Tukar3e kie, kiMtu phira bhI Aga dikhAI nahIM dii| vaha nirAza hokara baiTha gayA aura socane lagA ki dekho, maiM abhI taka bhI bhojana taiyAra nahIM kara skaa| itane meM jaMgala meM se usake sAthI lauTakara A gae, usane una logoM se sArI bAteM khiiN| isa para unameM se eka sAthI ne zara banAyA aura zara ko araNi ke sAtha ghisakara agni jalAkara dikhAI aura phira sabane bhojana banAkara khaayaa| he paesI! jaise lakar3I

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ko cIrakara Aga pAne kI icchA rakhane vAlA ukta manuSya mUrkha thA, vaise hI zarIra ko cIrakara jIva dekhane kI icchA vAle tuma bhI kucha kama mUrkha nahIM ho| jisa prakAra araNi ke mAdhyama se agni abhivyakta hotI hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI zarIra ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta hotI hai, kiMtu zarIra ko cIrakara use dekhane kI prakriyA usI prakAra mUrkhatApUrNa hai, jaise araNi ko cIra phAr3akara agni ko dekhane kI prkriyaa| ataH, he rAjan! yaha zraddhA karo ki AtmA anya hai aura zarIra anya hai| yahAM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye sabhI tarka vaijJAnika yuga meM itane sabala nahIM raha gae haiM, kiMtu I.pU. sAmAnyatayA cArvAkoM ke pakSa ke samarthana meM aura unakA khaNDana karane ke lie ye hI tarka prastuta kie jAte the, ata: cArvAka darzana ke aitihAsika vikAsa-krama kI dRSTi se inakA apanA mahattva hai| jaina aura bauddha-paramparA meM inameM adhikAMza tarka samAna hone se inakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA bhI svataHsiddha hai| jaina sAhitya meM dArzanika dRSTi se jahAM taka cArvAka darzana ke tarka purassara prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA kA prazna hai- sarvaprathama use Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ke eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha vizeSAvazyakabhASya (IsvI san kI chaThavIM zatI) meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA IsvI san kI chaThavIM zatI meM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa graMtha kI laMgabhaga 500 gAthAeM to AtmA, karma, puNya-pApa, svarga-naraka, baMdhana-mukti Adi avadhAraNAoM kI tArkika samIkSA se sambaMdhita haiN| isa graMtha kA yaha aMza gaNadharavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura aba svataMtra rUpa se prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM isa samagra carcA ko sameTa pAnA sambhava nahIM thA, ataH isa nibaMdha ko yahIM virAma de rahe haiN|

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prAcIna jainAgamoM-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura RSibhASita . meM cArvAkadarzana kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA cArvAka yA lokAyata-darzana kA bhAratIya dArzanika ciMtana meM bhautikavAdI darzana ke rUpa meM viziSTa sthAna hai| bhAratIya ciMtana meM bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kI upasthiti ke sAhityika pramANa atiprAcIna kAla se hI upalabdha hone lagate haiN| bhArata kI pratyeka dhArmika evaM dArzanika ciMtanadhArA ne usakI samAlocanA bhI kI hai| jaina dharma evaM darzana ke graMthoM meM bhI isa bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kA pratipAdana evaM usakI samIkSA ati prAcInakAla se hI milane lagatI hai| jaina dhArmika evaM dArzanika sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke yuga se lekara Aja taka lagabhaga 2500 varSa kI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM isa vicAradhArA kA prastutikaraNa evaM samAlocanA hotI rahI hai| isa samagra vistRta carcA ko prastuta nibaMdha meM sameTa pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, ataH hama prAcIna prAkRta Agama sAhitya taka hI apanI isa carcA ko sImita rkheNge| prAcIna prAkRta jaina-Agama-sAhitya meM RSibhASita eka aisA graMtha hai, jo cArvAka darzana ko bhautikavAdI aura svArthaparaka anaitika jIvanadRSTi kA samarthaka na mAnakara use eka mUlyaparaka sadAcArI jIvanadRSTi kA sampoSaka aura bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti kA aMga mAnatA hai| prAcInatama prAkRta Agama-sAhitya meM mukhyatayA AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye sabhI graMtha I.pU. pAMcavIM zatI se lekara I.pU. tIsarI zatI ke bIca nirmita hue haiM- aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta, upAMga sAhitya ke eka graMtha rAjapraznIya ko bhI hamane isa carcA meM samAhita kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki rAjapraznIya kA vaha bhAga, jo cArvAka darzana kA prastutikaraNa aura samIkSA karatA hai, eka to cArvAka darzana ke pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA evaM usakI samIkSA- donoM hI dRSTi se ati samRddha hai, dUsare, ati prAcIna bhI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki ThIka yahI carcA hameM bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM bhagavAn buddha aura rAjA payAsI ke madhya hone kA ullekha milatA hai|' jaina paramparA meM isa carcA ko pArkhApatya paramparA ke bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna AcArya kezIkumAra zramaNa aura rAjA payAsI ke madhya aura bauddha tripiTaka meM bhagavAn buddha aura rAjA payAsI ke bIca sampanna huA batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi kucha

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jaina AcAryoM ne payesI kA saMskRta rUpa pradezI mAna liyA hai, kiMtu devavAcaka, siddhasenagaNi, malayagiri aura municaMdrasUri ne payesI kA saMskRta rUpa prasenajit hI mAnA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se adhika prAmANika lagatA hai| prasenajit ko zvetAmbikA (seyaMviyA) nagarI kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai, jo itihAsasiddha hai| unakA sArathi citta kezIkumAra ko zrAvastI se yahAM kevala isIlie lekara AyA thA ki rAjA kI bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi ko parivartita kiyA jA ske| kathAvastu kI prAcInatA, prAmANikatA tathA tArkikatA kI dRSTi se hI ise bhI prastuta vivecana meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| prastuta vivecanA meM mukhya rUpa se cArvAka-darzana ke tajIvataccharIravAda evaM usakI paraloka tathA puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNAoM kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastutikaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha samIkSAeM bhI prastuta kI gaI haiN| inameM bhI RSibhASita (I.pU. cauthI zatI) meM cArvAkoM kI jIvanadRSTi kA jo prastutikaraNa hai, vaha uparyukta vivaraNa se kucha viziSTa prakAra kA hai| usameM daNDokkala, rajjUkkala, stenokkala, desokkala, savvokkala ke nAma se inake jina pAMca prakAroM kA ullekha hai, vaha bhI anyatra kisI bhI bhAratIya dArzanika sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isI prakAra, sUtrakRtIMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha evaM rAjapraznIya meM cArvAkadarzana kI sthApanA aura khaNDana- donoM ke lie jo tarka prastuta kie gae haiM, ve bhI mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiN| isake atirikta, prAkRta Agamika-vyAkhyA sAhitya meM, mukhyataH vizeSAvazyakabhASya (chaThavIM zatI) ke gaNadharavAda' meM cArvAka darzana kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA-mahAvIra aura gautama Adi 11 gaNadharoM ke madhya hue vAda-vivAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai, vaha bhI dArzanika dRSTi se ati mahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| anya Agamika saMskRta TIkAoM (10vIM-11vIM zatI) meM bhI cArvAkadarzana kI jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kI gaI samIkSAoM meM dArzanika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| cUrNi, vRtti, TIkA Adi ke atirikta jaina dArzanika graMthoM meM bhI bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kI samIkSAeM upalabdha haiM, kiMtu ina sabako to kisI eka svataMtra graMtha meM hI sameTA jA sakatA hai| ataH, isa nibaMdha kI sImA-maryAdAoM kA dhyAna rakhate hue hama apanI vivecanA ko pUrva nirdezita prAcIna stara ke prAkRta AgamoM taka hI sImita rkheNge| (167)

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AcArAMga meM lokasaMjJA ke rUpa meM lokAyata darzana kA nirdeza - jaina paramparA meM AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskaMdha atiprAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki isa graMtha meM svayaM mahAvIra ke vacanoM kA saMkalana huA hai| isakA racanAkAla cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI I.pU. mAnA jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se lokAyata darzana kA ullekha to nahIM hai, kiMtu isa graMtha ke prArambha meM hI lokAyata darzana kI punarjanma kA niSedha karane vAlI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| sUtra ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha logoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA hai ki merI AtmA aupapAtika (punarjanma karane vAlI) hai, maiM kahAM se AyA hUM aura yahAM se apanA jIvana samApta karake kahAM janma grahaNa karuMgA? sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki vyakti ko yaha jAnanA cAhie ki merI AtmA aupapAtika (punarjanma grahaNa karane vAlI) hai, jo ina dizAoM aura vidizAoM meM saMcaraNa karatI hai aura maiM bhI aisA hI hUM, vastutaH, jo yaha jAnatA hai- vahI AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI hai| isa prakAra, isa graMtha ke prArambha meM hI cArvAkadarzana kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha cAra bAtoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai- AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyaavaad| AtmA kI svataMtra aura nitya sattA ko svIkAra karanA AtmavAda hai| saMsAra ko yathArtha mAnakara AtmA ko loka meM janmamaraNa karane vAlA samajhanA lokavAda hai| zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha phaloM meM vizvAsa karanA karmavAda hai| AtmA ko zubhAzubha karmoM kI kartA-bhoktA evaM pariNAmI (parivartanazIla) mAnanA kriyAvAda hai| isI prakAra, AcArAMga meM lokasaMjJA kA parityAga karake ina siddhAMtoM meM vizvAsa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMga meM lokAyata yA cArvAkadarzana kA nirdeza lokasaMjJA ke rUpa meM huA hai| lokasaMjJA se hI lokAyata nAmakaraNa huA hogaa| yadyapi isa graMtha meM ina mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA to kI gaI hai, kiMtu usakI koI tArkika bhUmikA prastuta nahIM kI gaI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM lokAyata darzana AcArAMga ke pazcAt sUtrakRtAMga kA krama AtA hai| isake prathama zrutaskaMdha ko bhI vidvAnoM ne atiprAcIna (lagabhaga I.pU. cauthI zatI) mAnA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama adhyAya meM isameM cArvAka -darzana ke paMcamahAbhUtavAda aura tajjIvataccharIravAda ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| isameM paMcamahAbhUtavAda ko prastuta

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karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu aura AkAza- aise pAMca mahAbhUta mAne gae haiN| una pAMca mahAbhUtoM se hI prANI kI utpatti hotI hai aura deha kA vinAza hone para dehI kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vyakti cAhe mUrkha ho yA paNDita, pratyeka kI apanI AtmA hotI hai, jo mRtyu ke bAda nahIM rhtii| prANI aupapAtika arthAt punarjanma grahaNa karane vAle nahIM haiN| zarIra kA nAza hone para dehI arthAt AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| isa loka se pare na to koI loka hai aura na puNya aura pApa hI hai| isa prakAra, sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM cArvAkadarzana kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kiMtu yahAM bhI unakI koI spaSTa tArkika samAlocanA parilakSita nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM cArvAkadarzana kI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai, kiMtu vidvAnoM ne use kiMcit paravartI mAnA hai, ataH usake pUrva hama uttarAdhyayana kA vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| uttarAdhyayana meM lokAyatadarzana uttarAdhyayana meM cArvAka darzana ko jana-zraddhA (jana-siddhi) kahA gayA hai| sambhavataH, lokasaMjJA aura janazraddhA- ye lokAyata darzana ke hI pUrva nAma haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki ye sAMsArika viSaya hI hamAre pratyakSa viSaya haiN| paraloka ko to hamane dekhA hI nhiiN| vartamAna ke kAma-bhoga hastagata haiM, jabaki bhaviSya meM milane vAle (svarga-sukha) anAgata arthAt saMdigdha haiN| kauna jAnatA hai ki paraloka hai bhI yA nahIM? isalie maiM to janazraddhA ke sAtha hokara rhuuNgaa|19 isa prakAra, uttarAdhyayana ke paMcama adhyAya meM cArvAkoM kI punarjanma ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha evaM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra, uttarAdhyayana ke caudahaveM adhyAya meM bhI cArvAkoM ke asat se sat kI utpatti kA evaM paMcamahAbhUta se cetanA kI utpatti kA siddhAMta prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo vastutaH asat se sat kI utpatti kA siddhAMta hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayana meM asatkAryavAda kA jo udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha asatkAryavAda ke pakSa meM na jAkara satkAryavAda ke pakSa meM hI jAtA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaise araNi meM agni, dUdha meM ghRta aura tila meM tela asat hokara bhI utpanna hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra meM jIva bhI asat hokara hI utpanna hotA hai aura usa zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para vaha bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai|12

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sambhavataH, uttarAdhyayana meM cArvAkoM ke asatkAryavAda kI sthApanA ke pakSa meM ye satkAryavAda kI siddhi karane vAle udAharaNa isIlie die gae hoMge, tAki inakI samAlocanA saralatApUrvaka kI jA ske| uttarAdhyayana meM AtmA ko amUrta hone ke kAraNa iMdriyagrAhya nahIM mAnA gayA hai aura amUrta hone se nitya kahA gayA hai|13 uparyukta vivaraNa se cArvAkoM ke saMdarbha meM nimna jAnakArI milatI hai1. cArvAkadarzana ko 'lokasaMjJA' aura 'janazraddhA' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| 2. cArvAka darzana AtmA ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatA thA, apitu paMcamahAbhUtoM se cetanA kI utpatti batAtA thaa| kAraNatAvAda meM vaha asatkAryavAda arthAt asat se sat kI utpatti ke siddhAMta ko svIkAra karatA thaa| zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha AtmA ke vinAza ko svIkAra karatA thA tathA punarjanma ke siddhAMta ko asvIkAra karatA thaa| punarjanma kI asvIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha vaha paraloka arthAt svarga-naraka kI sattA ko bhI asvIkAra karatA thaa| vaha puNya-pApa arthAt zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha phaloM ko bhI asvIkAra karatA thA, ataH karmasiddhAMta kA virodhI thaa| usa yuga meM dArzanikoM kA eka varga akriyAvAda kA samarthaka thaa| jainoM ke anusAra akriyAvAdI ve dArzanika the, jo AtmA ko akartA aura kUTasthanitya mAnate the| AtmavAdI hokara bhI zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala (karmasiddhAMta) ke niSedhaka hone se ye pracchanna cArvAkI hI the| isa prakAra AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM cArvAkadarzana ke jo ullekha hameM upalabdha hote haiM, ve mAtra usakI avadhAraNAoM ko saMkSepa meM prastuta karate haiN| unameM isa darzana kI mAnyatAoM se sAdhaka ko vimukha karane ke lie itanA to avazya kahA gayA hai ki yaha vicAradhArA samIcIna nahIM hai, kiMtu ina graMthoM meM cArvAkadarzana kI mAnyatAoM kA prastutikaraNa aura nirasana- donoM hI na to tArkika hai aura na vistRta hii| (170)

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sUtrakRtAMga (dvitIya zrutaskaMdha) meM cArvAkadarzana kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA14 * cArvAkoM athavA tajIvataccharIravAdiyoM ke pakSa kA tArkika dRSTi se prastutikaraNa aura usakI tArkika samIkSA kA prayatna jaina Agama sAhitya meM sarvaprathama sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya pauNDarika nAmaka adhyayana meM aura usake pazcAt, rAjapraznIyasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| aba hama sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke AdhAra para tajjIvataccharIravAdiyoM ke pakSa kA prastutikaraNa kareMge aura usakI samIkSA prastuta kreNge| ___ tajIvataccharIravAdI yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki pAdatala se Upara mastaka ke kezoM ke agrabhAga se nIce taka tathA samasta tvakparyanta jo zarIra hai, vahI jIva hai| isa zarIra ke jIvita rahane taka hI yaha jIva jIvita rahatA hai aura zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para naSTa ho jAtA hai, isalie zarIra ke astitva-paryanta hI jIvana kA astitva hai| isa siddhAMta ko yukti-yukta samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki jo loga yuktipUrvaka yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki zarIra anya hai aura jIva anya hai, ve jIva aura zarIra ko pRthak-pRthak karake nahIM dikhA skte| ve yaha bhI nahIM batA sakate ki AtmA dIrgha hai yA hasva hai, athavA vaha bhArI hai, halkA hai, snigdha hai yA rukSa hai| ataH, jo loga jIva aura zarIra ko bhinna nahIM mAnate, unakA hI mata yuktisaMgata haiM', kyoMki jIva aura zarIra ko nimnokta padArthoM kI taraha pRthak - pRthak karake nahIM dikhAyA jA sakatA, yathA1. talavAra aura myAna kI taraha, 2. muMja aura iSikA kI taraha, 3. mAMsa aura haDDI kI taraha, 4. hathelI aura AMvale kI taraha, 5. dahI aura makkhana kI taraha, 6. tila kI khalI aura tela kI taraha, 7. Ikha aura usake chilake kI taraha, 8. araNi kI lakar3I aura Aga kI trh| - isa prakAra, jainAgamoM meM prastuta graMtha meM hI sarvaprathama dehAtmavAdiyoM ke dRSTikoNa ko tArkika rUpa se prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| punaH, unakI

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dehAtmavAdI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para unakI nIti sambaMdhI avadhAraNAoM ko nimna zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai yadi zarIra mAtra hI jIva hai, to paraloka nahIM hai| isI prakAra, kriyAakriyA, sukRta-duSkRta, kalyANa-pApa, bhalA-burA, siddhi-asiddhi, svarganaraka Adi bhI nahIM haiN| ataH, prANiyoM ke vadha karane, bhUmi khodane, vanaspatiyoM ko kATane, agni ko jalAne, bhojana pakAne Adi kriyAoM meM bhI pApa nahIM hai| . prastuta graMtha meM dehAtmavAda kI yukti-yukta samIkSA na karake mAtra yaha kahA gayA hai ki aise loga, hamArA hI dharma satya hai- aisA pratipAdana karate haiM aura zramaNa hokara bhI sAMsArika bhoga vilAsoM meM phaMsa jAte haiN| isI adhyAya meM punaH paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM tathA paMcamahAbhUta aura chaThavAM AtmA mAnane vAle sAMkhyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| prastuta graMtha kI sUcanA ke anusAra paMcamahAbhUtavAdI spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate the ki isa jagat meM paMcamahAbhUta hI saba kucha haiM, jinase arthAt paMcamahAbhUtoM se hamArI kriyA-akriyA, sukRtaduSkRta, kalyANa-pApa, acchA-burA, siddhi-asiddhi, narakagati yA naraka ke atirikta anya gati, adhika kahAM taka kaheM, tinake ke hilane jaisI kriyA bhI hotI hai, kyoMki AtmA to akartA hai| usa bhUtasamayAya (samUha) ko pRthak-pRthak nAma se jAnanA cAhie jaise ki- pRthvI eka mahAbhUta hai, jala dUsarA mahAbhUta hai, teja tIsarA mahAbhUta hai, vAyu cauthA mahAbhUta hai aura AkAza pAMcavAM mahAbhUta hai| ye pAMca mahAbhUta kisI kartA ke dvArA nirmita nahIM haiM aura na hI ye kisI kartA dvArA banAe hue haiM, ye kie hue bhI nahIM haiM, na hI ye kRtrima haiM aura na ye apanI utpatti ke lie kisI kI apekSA rakhate haiN| ye pAMcoM mahAbhUta Adi evaM aMta rahita haiM tathA avadhya aura Avazyaka kArya karane vAle haiN| inheM kArya meM pravRtta karane vAlA koI dUsarA padArtha nahIM hai, ye svataMtra evaM zAzvata nitya haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki jainAgamoM meM aisA koI bhI saMdarbha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai ki jisameM mAtra cAra mahAbhUta (AkAza ko chor3akara) mAnane vAle cArvAkoM kA ullekha huA ho| prastuta graMtha meM paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM ke uparyukta vicAroM ke sAtha-sAtha paMcamahAbhUta aura chaThavAM AtmA- aise chaH tattvoM ko mAnane vAle vicArakoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| (172)

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inakI mAnyatA ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sat kA vinAza nahIM hotA aura asat kI utpatti nahIM hotii| itanA hI jIvakAya hai, itanA hI astikAya hai aura itanA hI samagra loka haiN| paMcamahAbhUta hI loka kA kAraNa haiN| saMsAra meM tRNa-kampana se lekara jo kucha hotA hai, vaha saba ina pAMca mahAbhUtoM se hotA hai| AtmA ke asat athavA akartA hone se hiMsA Adi kAryoM meM puruSa doSa kA bhAgI nahIM hotA, kyoMki sabhI kArya bhUtoM ke haiM, sambhavataH yaha vicAradhArA sAMkhyadarzana kA pUrvavartI rUpa haiN| isameM paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se AtmA ko asat mAnA gayA hai tathA paMcamahAbhUta evaM SaSTha AtmA ko mAnane vAloM kI dRSTi se AtmA ko akartA kahA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga inake atirikta IzvarakAraNavAdI aura niyativAdI jIvanadRSTiyoM ko bhI karmasiddhAMta kA virodhI hone ke kAraNa mithyAtva kA pratipAdaka hI mAnatA hai| isa prakAra, RSibhASita ke dezotkala ko sUtrakRtAMga ke paMcamahAbhUta evaM SaSTha AtmavAdiyoM ke uparyukta vivaraNa meM paryApta rUpa se nikaTatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| jainoM kI mAnyatA yaha thI ki ve sabhI vicAraka mithyAdRSTi haiM, jinakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM dharmAdharmavyavasthA yA karmasiddhAMta kI avadhAraNA spaSTa nahIM hotii| hama yahAM yaha dekhate haiM ki ina dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM deha-AtmavAda kI sthApanA karate hue deha aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna haiM, isa mAnyatA kA tArkika rUpa se nirasana kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu yaha mAnyatA kyoM samucita nahIM hai? isa sambaMdha meM spaSTa rUpa se koI bhI tarka nahIM die gae haiN| sUtrakRtAMga dehAtmavAda ke samarthana meM to tarka detA hai, kiMtu usake nirasana meM koI tarka nahIM detA hai| yahAM hamane AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA se cArvAkadarzana kI carcA kI hai| RSibhASita aura rAjapraznIya kI apekSA se cArvAkadarzana kI samIkSA nimnAnusAra hai| RSibhASita meM prastuta cArvAkadarzana prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM cArvAkadarzana kI tArkika pratisthApanA aura tArkika samIkSA hameM sarvaprathama RSibhASita (I.pU. cauthI zatI) meM hI milatI hai| usake pazcAt sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha (I.pU. prathama zatI) meM tathA rAjapraznIya (I.pU. prathama zatI)meM milatI hai| RSibhASita kA bIsavAM 'ukkala' nAmaka sampUrNa adhyayana hI cArvAkadarzana kI mAnyatAoM ke tArkika prastutikaraNa se yukta hai| cArvAkadarzana ke tajIvataccharIravAda kA prastutikaraNa isa graMtha meM (173)

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nimna prakAra se huA hai - 'pAdatala se Upara aura mastaka ke kezAgra se nIce taka sampUrNa zarIra kI tvacAparyanta jIva AtmaparyAya ko prApta ho, jIvana jItA hai aura itanA hI mAtra jIvana hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke bhuna jAne para usase punaH aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke dagdha ho jAne para usase punaH zarIra (jIvana) kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai, isIlie jIvana itanA hI hai (arthAt zarIra kI utpatti se vinAza taka kI kAlAvadhi paryanta hI jIvana hai), na to paraloka hai, na sukRta aura duSkRta karmoM kA phala vipAka hai| jIva kA punarjanma bhI nahIM hotA hai| puNya aura pApa jIva kA saMsparza nahIM karate haiM aura isa taraha kalyANa aura pApa niSphala haiN|' RSibhASita meM cArvAkoM kI isa mAnyatA kI samIkSA karate hue punaH kahA gayA hai ki 'pAdatala se Upara tathA mastaka ke kezAgra se nIce aura zarIra kI sampUrNa tvacA paryanta AtmaparyAya ko prApta hI jIva hai, yaha maraNazIla hai, kiMtu jIvana itanA hI nahIM hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke jala jAne para usase punaH utpatti nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke dagdha ho jAne para usase punaH utpatti nahIM hotI hai, isalie puNya-pApa kA agrahaNa hone se sukha-duHkha kI sambhAvanA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura pApakarma ke abhAva meM zarIra ke dahana se yA zarIra ke dagdha hone para punaH zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotI, arthAt punarjanma nahIM hotA hai|' isa prakAra vyakti mukti prApta kara letA hai| yahAM hama dekhate haiM ki graMthakAra cArvAkoM ke apane hI tarka kA upayoga karake yaha siddha kara detA hai ki puNya-pApa se Upara uThakara vyakti punarjanma ke cakra se mukti pA letA hai| ___ isa graMtha meM cArvAkadarzana ke saMdarbha meM sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki isameM karmasiddhAMta kA utthApana karane vAle cArvAkoM ke pAMca prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai aura ye prakAra anya dArzanika graMthoM meM milane vAle dehAtmavAda, iMdriyAtmavAda, manaHAtmavAda Adi prakAroM se bhinna haiM aura sambhavataH anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| isameM nimna pAMca prakAra ke ukkaloM kA ullekha haidaNDokkala, rajjUkkala, stenokkala, dezokkala aura svvukkl| isa prasaMga meM sabase pahale to yahI vicAraNIya hai ki ukkala zabda kA vAstavika artha kyA hai? prAkRta ke ukkala zabda ko saMskRta meM nimna cAra zabdoM se niSpanna mAnA jA sakatA haiutkaTa, utkala, utkula aura utkuul| saMskRta kozoM meM utkaTa zabda kA artha

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unmatta diyA gayA hai| cUMki cArvAkadarzana adhyAtmavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM unmattoM kA pralApa thA, ataH use utkaTa (unmatta) kahA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM ukkala kA saMskRta rUpa utkaTa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| usake sthAna para utkala, utkula yA utkUla mAnanA adhika samIcIna hai| utkala kA artha hai- jo nikAlA gayA ho, isI prakAra utkula zabda kA tAtparya hai- jo kula se nikAlA gayA hai, yA jo kula se bahiSkRta hai| cArvAka AdhyAtmika paramparAoM se bahiSkRta mAne jAte the, isI dRSTi se unheM utkala yA utkula kahA gayA hogaa| yadi hama ise utkUla se niSpanna mAneM, to isakA artha hogA- kinAre se alaga haTA huaa| 'kUla' zabda kinAre artha meM prayukta hotA hai, ataH 'utkUla' arthAt jo kinAre se alaga hokara arthAt maryAdAoM ko tor3akara apanA pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha ukkUla hai| cUMki cArvAka maryAdAoM ko asvIkAra karate the, ata: unheM utkUla kahA gayA hogaa| aba hama ina ukkaloM ke pAMca prakAroM kI carcA kareMge- . daNDokkala - ye vicAraka daNDa ke dRSTAMta dvArA yaha pratipAdita karate the ki jisa prakAra daNDa apane Adi, madhya aura aMtima bhAga se pRthak hokara daNDa saMjJA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra se bhinna hokara jIva jIva nahIM rahatA hai| ataH, zarIra ke nAza ho jAne para bhava arthAt janma-paramparA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| unake anusAra, zarIra meM vyApta hokara jIva jIvana ko prApta hotA hai| vastutaH, zarIra aura jIvana kI apRthaktA yA sAmudAyikatA hI ina vicArakoM kI mUlabhUta dArzanika mAnyatA thii| daNDokkala dehAtmavAdI the| rajUkkala - .. . rajUkkalavAdI yaha mAnate haiM ki jisa prakAra rajjU taMtuoM kA skaMdha- mAtra hai, usI prakAra jIvana bhI paMcamahAbhUtoM kA skaMdha-mAtra hai| una skaMdhoM ke vicchinna hone para bhava-saMtati kA bhI viccheda ho jAtA hai| vastutaH, ye vicAraka paMcamahAbhUtoM ke samUha ko hI jagat kA mUla tattva mAnate the aura jIva ko svataMtra ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate the| rajUkkala skaMdhavAdI the|

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stenokkala - - RSibhASita ke anusAra stenokkala bhautikavAdI anya zAstroM ke dRSTAMtoM ko lekara unakI svapakSa meM udbhAvanA karake yaha mAnate the ki hamArA bhI yahI kathana hai| isa prakAra ye dUsaroM ke siddhAMtoM kA uccheda karate haiN| parapakSa ke dRSTAMtoM kA svapakSa meM prayoga kA tAtparya sambhavataH vAda-vivAda meM 'chala' kA prayoga ho| sambhavataH, stenokkala yA to naiyAyikoM kA koI pUrva rUpa rahe ho, yA saMjayavelaTThI-putra ke siddhAMta kA yaha prAcIna koI vidhAyaka rUpa thA, jo sambhavataH Age calakara anekAMtavAda kA AdhAra banA ho| jJAtavya hai ki RSibhASita meM dehAtmavAdiyoM ke tarkoM se mukti kI prakriyA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dezokala - __RSibhASita meM, jo AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karake bhI jIva ko akartA mAnate the, unheM dezokala kahA gayA hai| AtmA ko akartA mAnane para puNya-pApa, baMdhana-mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana pAtI haiM, isalie isa prakAra ke vicArakoM ko bhI AMzika rUpa se ucchedavAdI hI kahA gayA hai| kyoMki puNyapApa, baMdhana-mokSa Adi kA nirasana karane ke kAraNa ye bhI karmasiddhAMta, naitikatA * evaM dharma ke apalApaka hI the, ataH inheM bhI isI varga meM samAhita kiyA gayA thaa| sambhavataH, RSibhASita hI eka aisA graMtha hai, jo Atma akartAvAdiyoM ko ucchedavAdI kahatA hai| vastutaH, ye sAMkhya aura aupaniSadika-vedAMta ke hI pUrva rUpa the| jaina unheM utkUla yA ucchedavAdI isalie mAnate the ki ina mAnyatAoM se lokavAda (loka kI yathArthatA), karmavAda (karmasiddhAMta) aura AtmakarttAvAda (kriyAvAda) kA khaNDana hotA hai| savvukkala - sarvotkUla sarvadA abhAva se hI utpatti batAte the| aisA koI bhI tattva nahIM hai, jo sarvathA sarva prakAra se sarvakAla se rahatA ho, isa prakAra ye sarvocchedavAda kI saMsthApanA karate the| dUsare zabdoM meM, jo loga samasta sRSTi ke pIche kisI nitya tattva ko svIkAra nahIM karate the aura abhAva se hI sRSTi kI utpatti mAnate the, ve kahate the ki koI bhI tattva aisA nahIM hai, jo sarvathA aura sarvakAloM meM astitva rakhatA ho| saMsAra ke mUla meM kisI bhI sattA ko asvIkAra karane ke

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kAraNa ye sarvocchedavAdI kahalAte the| sambhavataH, yaha bauddha graMthoM meM sUcita ucchedavAdI dRSTi kA koI prAcInatama rUpa thA, jo tArkikatA se yukta hokara bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hogaa| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM AtmA, punarjanma, dharma-vyavasthA evaM karmasiddhAMta ke apalApaka vicArakoM kA jo citraNa upalabdha hotA hai, use saMkSepa meM isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai1. graMthakAra uparyukta vicArakoM ko 'ukkala' nAma se abhihita karatA hai, jisake saMskRta rUpa utkala, utkula athavA utkUla hote haiM, jinake artha hote haiM- bahiSkRta yA maryAdA kA ullaMghana karane vaalaa| ina vicArakoM ke sambaMdha meM isa nAma kA anyatra kahIM prayoga huA hai, aisA hameM jJAta nahIM hotaa| 2. isameM ina vicArakoM ke pAMca varga batAe gae haiM- daNDotkala, rajjUtkala, stenotkala, dezotkala aura sarvotkalA vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM skaMdhavAdiyoM (bauddha skaMdhavAda kA pUrva rUpa) sarvocchedavAdiyoM (bauddha zUnyavAda kA pUrva rUpa) aura Atma-akarttAvAdiyoM (akriyAvAdiyoM-sAMkhya aura vedAMta kA pUrva rUpa) ko bhI isI varga meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki ye sabhI tArkika rUpa se karma-siddhAMta evaM dharmavyavasthA ke apalApaka siddha hote haiM, yadyapi AtmaakarttAvAdiyoM ko dezotkala kahA gayA hai, arthAt AMzika rUpa se apalApaka kahA gayA hai| 3. isameM zarIraparyanta. Atma-paryAya mAnane kA, jo siddhAMta prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vahI jainoM dvArA AtmA ko dehaparimANa mAnane ke siddhAMta kA pUrva rUpa pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki isa graMtha meM zarIrAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa karate samaya isa kathana ko svapakSa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isameM jaina, bauddha aura sAMkhya tathA aupaniSadika-vedAMta kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke pUrva rUpa yA bIja parilakSita hote haiN| kahIM aisA to nahIM hai ki ina mAnyatAoM ke susaMgata banAne ke prayAsa meM hI inaM darzanoM kA udaya huA hai| 4. isameM jo dehAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha Thosa tArkika AdhAroM para sthita nahIM hai, mAtra yaha kaha diyA gayA hai ki jIva kA jIvana zarIra kI utpatti aura vinAza kI kAlasImA taka sImita nahIM hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki kucha vicAraka jIvana ko dehAzrita mAnakara bhI dehAMtara kI sambhAvanA arthAt punarjanma kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate the| (177)

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RSibhASita meM utkaTavAdiyoM (cArvAkoM) se sambaMdhita adhyayana ke aMta meM kahA gayA hai evaM se siddha buddhe virate vipAve dante davie alaM tAi No paNaravi iccatthaM havvamAgacchati ttibemi| . arthAt, isa prakAra vaha siddha, buddha, virata, niSpApa, jitendriya, karuNA se dravita evaM pUrNa tyAgI banatA hai aura punaH isa saMsAra meM nahIM AtA hai Adi kahA gayA hai, ataH dehAtmavAdI hokara lokAyata dArzanika bhautikavAdI yA bhogavAdI nahIM the| ve bhAratIya RSiparamparA ke hI aMga the, jo nivRttimArgI naitika darzana ke hI samarthaka the| ve anaitika jIvana ke samarthaka nahIM the- unheM virati yA dAnta kahanA unako tyAgamArga evaM naitika jIvana kA sampoSaka hI siddha karanA hai| vastutaH, lokAyata darzana ko jo bhogavAdI jIvana kA samarthaka kahA jAtA hai, vaha unakI tattvamImAMsA ke AdhAra para virodhiyoM dvArA prastuta niSkarSa haiN| yadi sAMkhya kA Atma-akarttAvAda, vedAMta kA brahmavAda, bauddhadarzana kA zUnyavAda aura vijJAnavAda tapa, tyAga ke sampoSaka mAne jA sakate haiM, to dehAtmavAdI lokAyata darzana ko usI mArga kA sampoSaka mAnane meM kaunasI bAdhA hai? vastutaH, cArvAka yA lokAyata darzana dehAtmavAdI yA tajjIvataccharIravAdI hokara naitika mUlyoM aura sadAcAra kA sampoSaka rahA hai| isa sImita jIvana ko sanmArga meM bitAne kA saMdeza detA hai, usakA virodha karmakANDa se rahA hai na ki sAttvika naitika jIvana se| yaha bAta RSibhASita ke uparyukta vivaraNa se siddha ho jAtI hai| saMdarbha - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-1, bhUmikA, pR.39 dIghanikAya, payAsIsutta rAjapraznIyasUtra (madhukara muni), bhUmikA, pR.18 RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1549-2024 AcArAMga (madhukara muni) 1/1/1/1-3 'evamegesiM No NAtaM bhavita-atthi me AyA uvavAie... ...se AyAvAdI logAvAdI kAmmAvAdI kiriyaavaadii|' (1780 & in x i w

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8. sUtrakRtI AcArAMga 1/2/6/104- pariNNAya loga saNNaM savvaso sUtrakRtAMga (madhukara muni) 1/1/1/7-8 . vahI 11-12 10. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 5/7-jaNeNasaddhiM hokkhAmi vahI 5/5-7 jahA ya aggI araNI u santo khIre ghaTAM tella mhaatilesu| emeva jAyA! sarIraMsi sattA saMmucchaI nAsai naavciddh'e| .... uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/18 13. no indiyaggejjhAM amuttabhAvA amuttabhAvA vi ya hoI nicco| .... vahI, 14/19 14. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskaMdha, adhyAya 1, sUtra 648-656 ------------ jaina Agama sAhitya meM zrAvastI jaina Agamika sAhitya meM zrAvastI kA ullekha AryakSetra ke janapada kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra yaha nagarI kRtAMgalA nAmaka nagara ke nikaTa sthita thii| isake samIpa acirAvatI nadI bahatI thii| zrAvastI nagarI ke tinduka udyAna aura kauSThaka vana kA ullekha hameM jainAgamoM meM bahulatA se upalabdha hotA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ise bhAratavarSa kI dasa pramukha rAjadhAniyoM, yathAsAketa, zrAvastI, hastinApura, kAmpilya, mithilA, kauzAmbI, vArANasI aura rAjagRha meM se eka mAnA gayA hai| - isa varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga ke racanAkAla taka jaina paramparA . mukhya rUpa se uttara bhArata ke nagaroM se hI paricita thii| zrAvastI kA dUsarA nAma kuNAlA bhI thaa| jaina sAhitya meM zrAvastI kI dUrI sAketa (ayodhyA) se sAta yojana (lagabhaga 90 kimI) batAI gaI hai| vartamAna meM zrAvastI kI pahacAna baharAica jile ke saheTa-maheTa grAma se kI jAtI hai| Adhunika ullekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha bAta satya bhI lagatI hai, kyoMki sAketa se saheTa-maheTa kI dUrI lagabhaga (179)

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utanI hI hai| punaH, saheTa-maheTa kA rAptI nadI ke kinAre sthita honA bhI Agamika tathyoM kI puSTi karatA hai| rAptI acirAvatI kA hI saMkSipta aura apabhraMza rUpa hai| zrAvastI ke uttara pUrva meM kaikeya janapada kI upasthiti mAnI gaI hai aura kaikeya janapada kI rAjadhAnI seyAviyA (zvetAmbikA) batalAI gaI hai| kaikeyI ke arddhabhAga ko hI AryakSetra mAnA jAtA thA, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki usa kAla meM isake Age jaMgalI jAtiyAM nivAsa karatI rahI hoNgii| . zrAvastI ko cakravartI maghavA, rAjA jItazatru, paseniya (prasenajit) aura rUppi kI rAjadhAnI batAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta, isa nagara ko tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA janmasthAna aura prathama pAraNe kA sthAna bhI mAnA jAtA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se hameM jaina Agama sAhitya meM jo pramANa milate haiM, usake AdhAra para itanA nizcita hai ki yaha nagara rAjA prasenajit kI rAjadhAnI thii| rAjapraznIya ke anusAra prasenajit ko pArkhApatyIya-zramaNa kezI ne nirgrantha paramparA kA anuyAyI banAyA thaa| rAjapraznIya meM prasenajit ko AtmA ke astitva evaM punarjanma ke sambaMdha meM aneka zaMkAeM thIM, jinheM Arya kezI ne samApta kiyA thaa| jJAtAdharmakathA aura nirayAvalikA ke ullekha ke anusAra pArzva zrAvastI gae the aura vahAM para unhoMne kAlI, padmAvatI, zivA, vasuputtA Adi aneka striyoM ko dIkSita kiyA thaa| zrAvastI meM pArvApatyoM kA prabhAva thaa| isa tathya kI puSTi aneka Agamika ullekhoM se hotI hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM jo ullekha pAe jAte haiM, unase aisA lagatA hai ki zrAvastI paraM nirgranthoM ke atirikta AjIvikoM, bauddhoM aura hindU parivrAjakoM kA bhI paryApta prabhAva thaa| bauddha sAhitya se yaha spaSTa rUpa se jJAta hotA hai ki buddha isa nagara meM aneka bAra Ae the aura unhoMne yahAM apane pratihAryoM kA pradarzana bhI kiyA thaa| isase aisA lagatA hai ki usa yuga kA zrAvastI kA janamAnasa prabuddha aura udAra thA aura vaha vibhinna dharma sampradAya ke logoM ko apane siddhAMtoM ko prastuta karane kA avasara detA thaa| jaina paramparA ke lie to zrAvastI aneka dRSTiyoM se eka mahattvapUrNa nagara siddha hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prApta sUcanA ke anusAra jainoM kA prathama saMgha bheda bhI zrAvastI meM hI huA thaa| mahAvIra ke jAmAta jAmAli ne yahIM para 'kriyamANa akRta' kA siddhAMta sthApita kiyA thA aura mahAvIra ke saMgha se apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha alaga hue the| jAmAli kI mAnyatA yaha thI ki jo kArya pUrNatayA (180)

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samApta nahIM huA hai, use kRta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake viparIta, mahAvIra kI mAnyatA yaha thI ki jo kArya ho rahA hai, use sApekSika rUpa se kRta kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usa kArya kA kucha aMza to ho hI cukA hai| isa prakAra, mahAvIra kI saMgha vyavasthA meM prathama vidroha kA sUtrapAta zrAvastI nagara meM hI huA thaa| punaH, mahAvIra aura maMkhaliputragozAlaka ke madhya vivAda kI carama pariNati bhI zrAvastI meM huI thii| bhagavatIsUtra ke 15 veM zataka ke anusAra AjIvaka paramparA ke maMkhaliputragozAlaka ne apanA 24vAM cAturmAsa zrAvastI nagarI ke hAlAhalA nAmaka kuMbhakArI kI ApaNa (dukAna) meM kiyA thaa| usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra zrAvastI nagarI ke koSThaka caitya meM cAturmAsArtha virAjita the| bhagavatIsUtra meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anusAra prathama to gozAlaka ne bhikSArtha gae mahAvIra ke zramaNoM ke samakSa zrAvastI kI sar3akoM para hI mahAvIra kI AlocanA kii| punaH, koSThaka vana meM Akara mahAvIra se vivAda kiyA tathA una para tejolezyA pheNkii| usa tejolezyA ke kAraNa mahAvIra ke do ziSya sarvAnubhUti aura sunakSatra maraNa ko prApta hote haiM aura svayaM mahAvIra bhI asvastha ho jAte haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke 15veM zataka meM isa sampUrNa ghaTanAkrama kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke madhya vivAda kI carama pariNiti bhI zrAvastI nagara meM huI thii| kiMtu, jahAM zrAvastI meM usa yuga ke vibhinna dharma sampradAyoM ke bIca virodha aura saMgharSa ke svara mukhara hue the, vahIM mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAoM ke sammilana kA sthala bhI yahI nagara thaa| zrAvastI nagara ke tinduka udyAna meM pArvApatya paramparA ke Arya kezI virAjita the, vahIM isI nagara ke koSThaka udyAna meM mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama virAjita the| donoM AcAryoM ke ziSya nagara meM jaba eka dUsare se milate the, to unameM yaha carcA hotI thI ki eka hI lakSya ke lie pravRtta ina donoM paramparAoM meM yaha matabheda kyoM hai? kezI aura gautama apane ziSyoM kI ina zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie tathA mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAoM ke bIca koI samanvaya-setu banAne ke lie paraspara milane kA nirNaya karate haiM aura gautama jyeSTha kula kA vicAra karake svayaM kezI zramaNa ke pAsa milane hetu jAte haiN| kezI zramaNa gautama ko satkArapUrvaka Asana pradAna karate haiN| zrAvastI ke aneka vyakti bhI donoM AcAryoM kI isa vicAra- carcA ko sunane

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hetu ekatra ho jAte haiN| donoM AcAra sambaMdhI matabhedoM tathA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI vibhinna samasyAoM para khulakara vicAra-vimarza karate haiN| donoM kA zrAvastI meM yaha sauhArdapUrNa milana hI pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paramparAoM ke bIca samanvaya setu bnaa| isI prakAra, zrAvastI skandaka nAmaka parivrAjaka aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pArasparika milana kA aura loka, jIva, siddhi Adi sambaMdhI aneka dArzanika praznoM para carcA kA sthala bhI rahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prApta ullekha ke anusAra zrAvastI nagara meM AcArya gardabhilla ke ziSya kAtyAyanagotrIya skandaka parivrAMjaka nivAsa karate the| usI nagara meM nirgrantha vaizAlika arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zrAvaka piMgala bhI nivAsa karatA thaa| piMgala aura skandala ke bIca loka, jIva aura siddhi kI sAntatA aura anantatA para carcA hotI hai| skandaka isa carcA ke samAdhAna ke lie svayaM zrAvastI ke nikaTa hI sthita kRtamaMgalAnagara, jahAM para bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama virAjita the, vahAM jAtA hai| gautama mahAvIra ke nirdeza para skandaka parivrAjaka kA samAdarapUrvaka svAgata karate haiM, use mahAvIra ke samIpa le jAte haiM aura donoM meM phira inhIM praznoM ko lekara vistAra se carcA hotI hai| aMta meM, skandaka mahAvIra ke vicAroM ke prati apanI AsthA prakaTa karate haiN| . isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahAM eka ora zrAvastI mahAvIra kI apanI paramparA meM hI utpanna vidroha kA nagara hai, vahIM dUsarI ora mahAvIra kI paramparA kA anya paramparAoM ke sAtha kitanA sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra thA, isakA bhI sAkSI sthala hai| vastutaH, aisA lagatA hai ki zrAvastI ke pariveza meM vicAra-svAtantrya aura pArasparika sauhArda ke tattva upasthita the| isa nagara ke nAgarikoM kI yaha udAratA thI ki ve vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke pravartakoM ko samAna rUpa se samAdara dete the| mAtra yahI nahIM, unameM hone vAlI vicAra carcAoM meM bhI sahabhAgI hote the| zrAvastI ko hama vibhinna dharma- paramparAoM kI samanvaya sthalI kaha sakate haiN| ____ Agamika sUcanAoM ke anusAra zrAvastI nagara ke bAhara bahane vAlI usa acirAvatI nadI meM jala atyaMta kama hotA thA aura jaina sAdhu isa nadI ko pAra karake bhikSA ke lie A jA sakate the, yadyapi varSAkAla meM isa nadI meM bhayaMkara bAr3ha bhI AtI thii| isa prakAra, jaina dharma kI aneka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAeM zrAvastI ke sAtha jur3I huI haiM, phira bhI yadi tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to bauddha sAhitya ke

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anuzIlana se aisA lagatA hai ki yahAM para bauddha dharma kA prabhAva adhika thA aura svayaM buddha kA isa nagara ke prati viziSTa AkarSaNa thaa| yaha ThIka vaisA hI thA, jaisA ki mahAvIra kA rAjagRhI ke prti| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha ne yahAM aneka cAturmAsa kie aura prAyaH isI ke samIpavartI kSetra meM vicaraNa karate the, jabaki mahAvIra ne sarvAdhika cAturmAsa rAjagRha aura usake samIpavartI upanagara nAlaMdA meM kie| phira bhI, jaina Agama sAhitya ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrAvastI kA jaina paramparA ke sAtha bhI nikaTa sambaMdha rahA hai| use tIsare tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha ke cAra kalyANakoM kI pAvana bhUmi mAnA jAtA hai| - - -- !! aMgavijjA meM jaina maMtroM kA prAcInatama svarUpa !! 'aMgavijA' pUrvAcAryoM dvArA praNIta nimittazAstra kA eka mahattvapUrNa jaina graMtha hai| isakA vAstavika racanAkAla kyA hai? yaha nirNaya to abhI nahIM ho . sakA, kiMtu isakI bhASA, viSayavastu Adi kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA lagatA hai ki yaha IsvI san ke pUrva kA eka prAcIna graMtha hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se isameM prAcIna arddhamAgadhI evaM zaurasenI ke aneka lakSaNa upalabdha hote haiM aura isa dRSTi se isakI bhASA upalabdha zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM kI apekSA prAcIna lagatI hai| namaskAra maMtra kA prAcInatama rUpa, jo khAravela (I.pU. dUsarI zatI) ke abhilekha meM pAyA jAtA hai, vaha isameM bhI milatA hai| merI dRSTi meM yaha IsA pUrva dUsarI zatI se IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke madhya kI racanA hai| isakA vAstavika kAla to isake sampUrNa adhyayana ke bAda hI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyatayA, yaha sAMskRtika sAmagrI se bharapUra phalAdeza yA nimittazAstra kA graMtha hai, kiMtu isameM aneka prasaMgoM meM jaina paramparA meM mAnya maMtroM kA ullekha hone se ise jaina taMtrazAstra kA bhI prathama graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM kula sATha adhyAya haiN| jaina sAhitya ke vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5 (pR.214) meM ambAlAla zAstrI ne isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 'Arambha meM aMgavidyA kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura usake dvArA sukhaduHkha, lAbha-hAni, jaya-parAjaya, subhikSa-durbhikSa, jIvana-maraNa Adi bAtoM

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kA jJAna honA sambhava hai| 30 paTaloM meM vibhakta AThaveM adhyAya meM AsanoM ke aneka bheda batAe gae haiN| nauveM adhyAya meM 1868 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM 270 viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| ina viSayoM meM aneka prakAra kI zayyA, Asana, yAna, kuDaya, stambha, vRkSa, vastra, AbhUSaNa, bartana, sikke Adi kA varNana hai| gyArahaveM adhyAya meM sthApatya sambaMdhI viSayoM kA mahattvapUrNa varNana karate hue tatsambaMdhI zabdoM kI vistRta sUcI dI gaI hai| unnIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjopajIvI zilpI aura unake upakaraNoM ke sambaMdha meM ullekha haiN| ikkIsavAM adhyAya vijayadvAra nAmaka hai, jisameM jaya-parAjaya sambaMdhI kathana haiN| bAIsaveM adhyAya meM uttama phaloM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| paccIsaveM adhyAya meM gotroM kA vistRta ullekha hai| chabbIsaveM adhyAya meM nAmoM kA varNana hai| sattAIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjA, maMtrI, nAyaka, bhANDAgArika, Asanastha, mahAnasika, gajAdhyakSa Adi rAjakIya adhikAriyoM ke padoM kI sUcI hai| aTThAIsaveM adhyAya meM udyogI logoM kI mahattvapUrNa sUcI hai| unatIsavAM adhyAya nagaravijaya nAma kA hai, isameM prAcIna bhAratIya nagaroM ke sambaMdha meM bahuta-sI bAtoM kA varNana hai| tIsaveM adhyAya meM AbhUSaNoM kA varNana hai| battIsaveM adhyAya meM dhAnyoM ke nAma haiN| taiMtIsaveM adhyAya meM vAhanoM ke nAma die gae haiN| chattIsaveM adhyAya meM dohada sambaMdhI vicAra haiN| saiMtIsaveM adhyAya meM 12 prakAra ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| cAlIsaveM adhyAya meM bhojanaviSayaka varNana hai| ikatAlIsaveM adhyAya meM mUrtiyAM, unake prakAra, AbhUSaNa aura aneka prakAra kI krIr3AoM kA varNana hai| taiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM yAtrA sambaMdhI varNana hai| chiyAlIsaveM adhyAya meM gRhapraveza sambaMdhI zubha-azubha phaloM kA varNana hai| saiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjAoM kI sainyayAtrA sambaMdhI zubhAzubha phaloM kA varNana hai| cauvanaveM adhyAya meM sAra aura asAra vastuoM kA vicAra hai| pacapanaveM adhyAya meM jamIna meM gar3I huI dhanarAzi kI khoja karane ke sambaMdha meM vicAra haiN| aTThAvanaveM adhyAya meM jainadharma meM nirdiSTa jIva aura ajIva kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAThaveM adhyAya meM pUrvabhava jAnane kI vidhi sujhAI gaI hai| aMgavijA kI uparyukta viSayavastu usake sAMskRtika sUcanAtmaka pakSa ko sUcita karatI hai, kiMtu lekhaka kA mUla uddezya ina sabake AdhAra para vibhinna prakAra ke phalAdeza karanA hI thA, kiMtu lekhaka itane mAtra se saMtuSTa nahIM hotA hai, vaha azubha phaloM ke nirAkaraNa evaM vAMchita phaloM kI prApti ke lie vibhinna (184)

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mAMtrika sAdhanAoM kA ullekha karatA hai| ise hameM dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| yahAM jaina maMtrazAstra ke sAhitya meM isa graMtha ke ullekha karane kA mukhya AdhAra yaha hai ki isa graMtha ke vibhinna adhyAyoM meM jaina paramparA ke anurUpa maMtra-sAdhanA sambaMdhI vidhividhAna bhI upalabdha ho jAte haiN| isake AThaveM bhUmikarma nAmaka adhyAya ke prathama gajabandha nAmaka saMgrahaNI paTala meM jaina paramparAnusAra vividha maMtra tathA una maMtroM ke sAdhanA sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna prAkRta mizrita saMskRta bhASA meM die gae haiM, jinheM hama nIce avikala rUpa se de rahe haiM (aTThamo bhUmIkamma'jjhAo) (tattha paDhamaM gajabaMgheNaM saMgahaNIpaDalaM) (1) Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo savvasiddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM, Namo mahApurisassa mahatimahAvIrassa svvnnnnuu-svvdrisiss| imA bhUmIkammassa vijA- 'iMdiAlI iMdiAli mAhiMde mArUdi svAhA, Namo mahApurisadiNNAe bhagavaIe aMgavijAe sahassavAgaraNAe khIriNiviraNauduMbariNie saha sarvajJAya svAhA 'sarvajJAnAdhigamAya svAhA sarvakAmAyA svAhA sarvakarmasiddhayai svaahaa'| kSIravRcchAyAyAM aSTamabhaktikena guNayitavyA kSIreNa ca pArayitavyam, siddhirstu| bhUmikarmavidyAyA upacAraH- caturthabhaktikena kRSNacaturdazyAM grahItavyA, SaSThena sAghayitavyA ahatavattheNa kusasatthare 1 // (2) Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM, Namo AmosahipattANaM, Namo vipposahipattANaM, Namo savvosahipattANaM, Namo saMbhinnasoyANaM, Namo khIrassavANaM, Namo madhussavANaM, Namo kuchabuddhINaM, Namo pabuddhINaM, Namo akkhINamahANasANaM, Namo riddhipattANaM, Namo cauddasapuvvINaM, Namo bhagavaIya mahApurisadinnAe aMgavijAe siddhe siddhAsevie siddhacAraNANucinne amiyabale mahAsAre mahAbaleaMgaduvAradhare svaahaa|' ____ chaTThaggahaNI, chaTTasAdhaNI, jApo aTThasayaM, siddhA bhavai 2 // (3) Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo mahApurisadiNNAya aMgavijAe, NamokkarayittA imaM maMgalaM paMyojayissAmi, sA me vijA savvatthaM

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pasijjhau, atthassa ya dhammassa ya kAmassa ya isisassa Adicca-caMda-NakkhattagahagaNa-tArA-gaNANa jogo jogANaM Nabhammi ya jaM saccaM taM saccaM idhaM majhaM idha paDirUve dissau, puDhavi-udadhi-salila-agni-mArUesu ya savvabhUesu devesu jaM saccaM taM saccaM idha majjha paDirUve dissu| avetu mANusaM soyaM divvaM soyaM pvttu| aveu mANusaM rUvaM divvaM rUvaM pvttu|| . aveu mANusaM cakTuM divyaM cakkhU pvttu| aveu mANuse gaMdhe divve gaMdhe pvttu|| aveu mANuso phAso divvo phAso pvttu| aveu mANusA kaMtI divvA kaMtI pvtt|| ____ aveu mANuso buddhI divvA buddhI pvttu| aveu mANusaM jANaM divvaM jANaM pvttu|| ___ eesu jaM saccaM taM saccaM itha majjha paDirUve dissau tti, Namo . mahatimahApurisadiNNAe aMgavijA jaM saccaM taM saccaM idha majjha paDirUve dissau, Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo savvasiddhANaM, sijhaMtu maMtA svaahaa| esA vijjA chaTThagahaNI, aTThamasAdhaNI, jApo atttthsyN| (4) Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo savvasiddhANaM Namo savvasAhUNaM, Namo bhagavatIya mahApurisadiNNAya aMgavijAya, ubhayabhaye Natibhaye bhayamAbhaye bhave svaahaa| svAhA DaMDapaDIhAro aMgavijAya udkajattAhiM cauhiM siddhiN| Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo savvasiddhANaM, Namo bhagavaIya mahApurisadiNNAya aMgavijAya bhuumikmm| saccaM bhaNaMti arahaMtA Na mUsA bhAsaMti khttiyaa| sacceNa arahaMtA siddhA saccapaDihAre u devayA // 1 // atthasaccaM kAmasaccaM dhamasaccayaM saccaM taM iha dissau tti, aMgavijAe imA vijA uttamA lokamAtA vaMbhAe ThANathiyA payAvaiaMge, esA devassa saccaaMgammi me ckkhu| savvalokammi ya saccaM padyaja isisaccaM ca jaM bhve| eeNa saccavaiNeNa imo aTTho (pa) dissau // 1 // utaM pavaje, bhuvaM pavaje, svaM pavaje, vijayaM pavaje, savve pavaje,

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utaduMbaramUlIyaM pavvaje, pavavisassiAmi taM pavaje, meghaDaMtIyaM pavaje, vije svarapitaraM mAtaraM pavaje, svaravijaM pavvajeMti svaahaa| * AbhAso abhimaMtaNaM ca udakajattAhi cauhiM siddhaM 4 // (5) Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo savvasiddhANaM, Namo kevalaNANINaM savvabhAvadaMsINaM, Namo AdhodhikANaM, Namo AbhiNibodhikANaM, Namo maNajjavaNANINaM, Namo savvabhAvapannayaNarAgANaM vArasaMgavINaM aTThamahAnimittAyariyANaM suyaNANINaM, Namo paNNANaM, Namo vijAcAraNasiddhANaM, tavasiddhANaM ceva aNagArasuvihiyANaM NiggaMthANaM, Namo mahAnimittINaM savvesiM, AyariyANaM, Namo bhagavaojasavao mahApurisassa mahAvIravaddhamANassA adhApuvvaM khalu bho! mahApurisassa maNissa sayasahassa sahassadArassa aparimiyassa aparimiyasusaMmahiyassa paccodArAgamasaMjuttamsa aparimiyassa aparimiyagaivisayassa bhagavao uvaviThThavihiviseseNaM 1 palhatthigAvihiviseseNaM 2 AmAsavihiviseseNaM 3 apassayavihiviseseNaM 4 ThiyavihiviseseNaM 5 vipikkhiyavihiviseseNaM 6 hasitavidhiviseseNaM 7 pucchiyavihiviseseNaM 8 vaMdiyavihiviseseNaM 9 saMlAviyavihiviseseNaM 10 AgamavidhiviseseNaM 11 rUditavidhiviseseNaM 12 (paridevitavidhiviseseNaM 13) kaMdiyavidhiviseseNaM 14 paDimavidhiviseseNaM 15 a0bhuTThiya (appuTThIya) vidhiviseseNaM 16 NiggayavidhiviseseNaM 17 pailAiyavidhiviseseNaM 18 jaMbhiyavidhiviseseNaM 19 cuMbiyavidhiviseseNaM 20 AliMgayividhiviseseNaM 21 samaddhivihiviseseNaM 22 seviyavihiviseseNaM 23 attabhAvao bAhiraoyao vA aMtaraMga-bAhiraMgehi vA sadda-pharisa-rUva-gaMdhehiM vA guNehiM paDirUvasamuppAehiM vA uvaladdhIvIhisubhA'subhANaM saMpatti-vipattisamAyogeNaM ukkarisA-'vakarisA uvaladdhadyA bhvNti|| ... // iti kha. pu. saMgahaNIpaDalaM sammattaM // 1 // cha /

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isI prakAra, isa graMtha ke sAThaveM adhyAya meM bhI maMtrasAdhanA sambaMdhI nirdeza upalabdha haiM, jisameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nirdiSTa maMtrasAdhanA se vidyA svayaM upasthita ho karake kahatI hai ki maiM kahAM praveza karUM, nirdezAnusAra praviSTa hokara vaha praznoM kA uttara detI hai| graMthakAra ne yahAM sabase adhika manoraMjaka bAta yaha bhI likhI hai ki vidyA siddha ho jAne para jina praznoM kA uttara detI hai, unameM 16 meM se / eka prazna ke uttara meM bhrAMti ho sakatI hai, phira bhI aisA siddha-sAdhaka apanI isa zakti ke kAraNa ajina hokara bhI jina ke sadRza AbhAsita hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM graMtha kA nimna aMza vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai _ 'siddhaM khIriNi! khIriNi! udaMbari! svAhA, savvakAmadaye! svAhA, savvaNANasiddhikari! svAhA 1! tiNNi chaTThANi, mAsaM duddhodaNeNaM uduMbarassa heTThA divA vijAmadhIye, apacchime chaTTe tato vijAo ya pavattaMte rUveNa ya dissate, bhaNati-kato te pavisAmi? taM jahA te pavisAmi taM te aNaMgaM kaahaamiiti| pavisittA ya bhaNati-solasa vAkaraNANi vA NAhisi ekkaM cukkihisi| evaM bhaNittu pavisati siddhA bhvti| . __ Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo savvasAdhUNaM, Namo bhagavatI mahApurisadiNNAya aMgavijAya, AkaraNI vAkaraNI lokaveyAkaraNI dharaNitale suppatihite Adicca-caMda-Nakkhatta-gahagaNa-tArArUvANaM siddhakateNaM atthakateNaM dhammakateNaM savvalokasubuheNaM je aThe savve bhUte bhavisse se aDhe idha dissatu pasiNammi svAhA 2 / esA AbhoyaNIvijA AdhAraNI chaThaggahaNI, AdharapavisaMteNa appA abhimaMtaitavvo, AkaraNi vAkaraNi pavisittu maMte javati pussayoge, cautthamatteNameva dissti| Namo arahaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo bhagavato yasaMvato mahApurisassa, Namo bhagavatIya sahassaparivArAya aMgavijAe, imaM vijaM payoyessAmi, sA me vijA pasijjhatu, khIrriNa! uMdubari! svAhA, sarvakAmadaye! svAhA, sarvajJAnasiddhiriti svAhA 3 // upacAro-mAsaM duddhodaNeNa udaMbarassa heTThA divasaM vijAmadhIye, apacchime chaThe kAtavve tato vijA ovayati tti rUveNa dissati, bhaNati ya-kato te pavisAmi?, jato ya te pavississaM tIya aNaMNaM kaahaami| pavisittA ya bhaNatI-solasa vAkaraNANi vAkarehisi, tato puNa ekaM cukkihisi, vAkaraNANi paNNarasa acchiDDANi bhAsihisi, tato ajiNo jiNasaMkAso

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bhavissasi, aMgavijAsiddhI svaahaa| parisaMkhA NetavvA, tacchIsopari puDhavIyaM ThitI viNNeyA . isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki prastuta graMtha meM aneka prasaMgoM meM vidyA aura maMtra sAdhanA sambaMdhI nirdeza upasthita haiN| isake AdhAra para ise jaina mAMtrika sAdhanA kA prArambhika graMtha mAnA jA sakatA hai| punaH, isa graMtha kI sabase mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jaina dharma ke prAcIna evaM pramukha paMca parameSThI namaskAra maMtra ke vividha rUpa dekhane ko milate haiM, jisake AdhAra para namaskAra maMtra kI vikAsa yAtrA ko aitihAsika dRSTi se samajhA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, isameM namaskAra maMtra ke dvipadAtmaka, tripadAtmaka aura paMcapadAtmaka- aise tIna rUpa milate haiN| dvipadAtmaka maMtra - namo arahaMtANaM, namo savva siddhANaM ... jJAtavya hai ki prAcInatama jaina abhilekhoM meM khAravela kA hatthIguphA abhilekha, jo lagabhaga IsA pUrva dUsarI zatI kA hai, usameM 'namo arahaMtAnaM, namo savva siddhAnaM'- aisA dvipadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra milatA hai, kiMtu Aja taka usakA koI sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM thaa| usake sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM hameM aMgavijA meM sarvaprathama yaha dvipadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra milA hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM siddha pada ke pUrva 'savva' pATha hai aura isa pATha ko svIkAra karane se pAMcoM padoM meM sAta-sAta akSara ho jAte haiM, kyoMki aMgavijA meM tripadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra meM 'namo savva sAhUNaM' pATha milatA hai| tripadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra - namo arahaMtANaM, namo savva siddhANaM, namo savva sAhUNaM yahAM eka vizeSa bAta yaha dekhane ko milatI hai ki namo savvasAhUNaM pATha meM 'loe' pATha nahIM hai, kiMtu aMgavijA meM donoM taraha ke pATha milate haiM, yathAnamo loe savva sAhUNaM aura namo savva saahuunnN| isI prakAra, isameM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra bhI isa graMtha ke maMtra bhAga meM upalabdha hai| paMca padAtmaka namaskAra maMtra - namo arahaMtANaM, namo siddhANaM, namo AyariyANaM, namo uvajjhAyANaM, namo loe savva saahuunnN| . jJAtavya hai ki aMgavijA ke paMcapadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra meM dUsare pada ke donoM rUpa milate haiM- namo siddhANaM aura namo savva siddhANaM, kiMtu hameM isa graMtha meM

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namaskAra maMtra kI cUlikA nahIM milI hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha graMtha aura isakA maMtra-vibhAga prAcIna hai, kyoMki namaskAra maMtra kI cUlikA sarvaprathama Avazyakaniyukti meM upalabdha hotI hai, ataH isa graMtha kA maMtra bhAga I.pU. (dUsarI zatI se IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke madhya aura Avazyakaniyukti) ke pUrva nirmita haiyaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| dUsare, aMgavijA ke maMtra bhAga meM sUrimaMtra aura varddhamAna vidyA kA bhI pUrva rUpa milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki Rddhipada, labdhipada yA sUrimaMtra ke rUpa meM digambara paramparA meM SakhaNDAgama ke caturtha khaNDa ke vedanA mahAdhikAra ke kRti anuyogadvAra meM 44 labdhi padoM kA ullekha milatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM, tattvArthabhASya meM, gaNadharavalaya meM aura sUrimaMtra meM bhI ina padoM kA ullekha milatA hai| gaNadharavalaya meM inakI saMkhyA 45 hai| sUrimaMtra kI vibhinna pIThoM meM inakI saMkhyA alaga-alaga hai| jahAM taka aMgavijA kA prazna hai, ve sabhI Rddhipada yA labdhipada to nahIM milate haiM, kiMtu unameM se bahuta kucha Rddhi yA labdhipada pUrvollekhita aSTama adhyAya ke saMgrahaNI paTala meM milate haiN| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki aMgavijA kA maMtra vibhAga jaina mAMtrika sAdhanA kA prAcInatama rUpa prastuta karatA hai| AcArya haribhadrakRta sAvamadhammavihipayaraNaM : eka paricaya prastuta kRti meM AcArya haribhadra ne zrAvaka zabda ke vyutpattiparaka artha ko spaSTa karate hue 'jinavANI' kA zravaNa karane vAle ko zrAvaka kahA hai, kiMtu yaha paryApta nahIM haiM, unakI dRSTi meM zrAvaka hone ke lie kucha yogyatAeM bhI apekSita haiN| unhoMne isa tathya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jo zrAvaka dharma kA adhikArI hai arthAt zrAvaka hone kI pAtratA rakhatA hai usake dvArA hI zrAvaka dharma kA AcaraNa sambhava hai| anAdhikArI yA apAtra dvArA kiyA gayA zrAvaka dharma kA paripAlana bhI jinezvara deva kI AjJAbhaMga ke doSa se dUSita hone ke kAraNa adharma hI bana jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI dRSTi meM zrAvaka dharma kA adhikArI yA pAtra vahI (190)

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vyakti ho sakatA hai, jo dUsaroM se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki dhArmika cetanA kA vikAsa nirbhaya mAnasikatA meM hI sambhava hai| punaH AcArya kahate haiM ki zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana koI bhI vyakti apanI kula paramparA se prApta zuddha AjIvikA kA arjana karate hue kara sakatA hai| zrAvaka dharma ke lakSaNoM kI carcA karate hue ve yaha batAte haiM ki dharma ke prati prIti rakhanA, na to kisI kI niMdA karanA aura niMdA sunanA, apitu niMdakoM para bhI karuNA rakhanA zrAvaka dharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka hai| haribhadra kI dRSTi meM jijJAsuvRtti aura citta kI ekAgratA bhI dharma-sAdhanA ke anya mukhya aMga haiN| isI prakAra niyata samaya para caityavandana (devavandana), guru kA vinaya, ucita Asana para baiThakara dharma zravaNa, svAdhyAya meM satat upayoga- ye sabhI zrAvaka dharma ke AcaraNa ke lie Avazyaka haiN| Age AcArya haribhadra zrAvaka-AcAra kI viziSTatA batAte hue kahate haiM ki apane sadAcaraNa se sabhI kA priya honA, anindita karma se AjIvikA kA upArjana karanA, Apatti meM dhairya rakhanA, yathAzakti tapa, tyAga aura dharma kA AcaraNa karanA yahI zrAvaka kA mukhya lakSaNa haiN| uparyukta guNoM se yukta hokara ke hI gRhastha dharma kA paripAlana sambhava hotA hai, ina guNoM ke abhAva meM jina-AjJA kI virAdhanA hotI hai aura zrAvaka dharma ke paripAlana kI pAtratA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| ___gRhasthadharma ke adhikArI ke lakSaNoM kI carcA ke uparAMta AcArya haribhadra ne prastuta kRti meM isa bAta para adhika bala diyA hai ki paMca aNuvrata, tIna aNuvrata aura cAra zikSAvrata rUpI zrAvaka dharma kA mUla AdhAra samyaktva hai| prastuta kRti meM AcArya ne samyaktva ke saMdarbha meM vistRta vivecanA prastuta kI hai| sarvaprathama unhoMne samyaktva ke kSAyika, aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika- aise tIna prakAroM kI carcA kI hai| isI prasaMga meM unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jo na svayaM mithyAtva kA sevana karatA hai aura na karavAtA hai aura na karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai vahI samyaktva kA adhikArI hotA hai| mithyAtva ke aneka rUpoM kI carcA karate hue AcArya ne sarvaprathama mukti ke nimitta sarAgI laukika devatAoM kI upAsanA ko mithyAtva pratipAdita kiyA hai| ina laukika devoM kI puSpamAlA Adi se pUjA karanA, vastrAdi se unakA satkAra karanA tathA mAnasika rUpa se unake prati prIti bhAva rakhanA- haribhadra kI dRSTi meM ye sabhI mithyAtva ke lakSaNa haiN| isI prakAra unhoMne vItarAga lokottamadeva ke lakSaNa ko laukika devoM (191)

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para ghaTita karane ko bhI mithyAtva mAnA hai| unakI dRSTi meM zuddha dharmAcaraNa se . vimukha tApasa, zAkyaputrIyazramaNa Adi anya tairthikoM se saMsarga rakhanA, unakI prazaMsA karanA aura unake AdezoM kA pAlana karanA bhI mithyAtva ke lakSaNa haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM AcArya ne spaSTa rUpa se jainamuni ke veza ko dhAraNa karane vAle, kiMtu jina-AjJA kA samyak rUpa se pAlana nahIM karane vAle pArzvastha Adi jainAbhAsoM ke vaMdana, pUjana ko bhI mithyAtva hI mAnA hai| isI tathya ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne zithilAcArI, khinna mana se muni jIvana jIne vAle, AcArahIna, nitya eka sthAna para rahane vAle, nimitta Adi vidyAoM ke dvArA lokaraMjana karane vAle, svecchAcArI jaina zramaNoM ko bhI vaMdanIya nahIM mAnA hai| unakI dRSTi meM aise jainazramaNoM ke vaMdana Adi se bhI mithyAtva kI hI abhivRddhi hotI hai| AcArya ke anusAra aise sAdhuoM kA saMsarga bhI samyaktva kA nAzaka mAnA gayA hai| isI krama meM svecchAcArI ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne batAyA hai ki jo Agama viruddha AcaraNa karatA hai aura jina vacanoM kI Agama viruddha manamAne DhaMga se vyAkhyAeM karatA hai, vaha svecchAcArI hai| sAtha hI aisA tathAkathita zramaNa, jo Rddhi-gaurava, sukha-gaurava aura rasa-gaurava meM DUbA rahatA hai, mAtra, yahI nahIM jo caityAdi ke nirmANa meM aura unake nimitta se dhana-dhAnya kI vRddhi karane hetu kuAM, bagIcA Adi banavAne meM pravRtta rahatA hai tathA zrAvakoM para manamAne DhaMga se kara Adi lagAkara sampatti ekatra karatA hai, jina AjJA kA virAdhaka svecchAcArI zramaNa hai| isa prakAra Agama viruddha AcaraNa karane vAle, jina-vacama kI manamAne DhaMga se anyathA vyAkhyA karane vAle svacchaMda muniyoM ke upAzraya meM jAkara dharma zravaNa Adi kriyAeM bhI haribhadra kI dRSTi meM mithyAtva kA hI kAraNa hai| zraddhAvAn zrAvaka aise svecchAcArI muniyoM ke samparka meM Akara nizciMta hI apane samyaktva ko dUSita karatA hai, kyoMki suvihitoM aura svecchAcAriyoM ke upadezoM meM visaMvAda hone ke kAraNa usake mana meM saMdeha utpanna hotA hai| prastuta kRti meM AcArya haribhadra to yahAM taka kahate haiM ki aise svecchAcArI muniyoM ke caitya, upAzraya Adi sthAna bhI mithyAtva ke hetu hone se ardhamAyatana hI haiN| zrAvaka ko ina sAdhuoM ke samparka Adi ko bhI mithyAtva kA janaka jAnakara tyAga karanA caahie| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra ne na kevala chadmavezI anya matAvalambI tApasoM Adi ke samparka, satkAra, stuti Adi ko mithyAtva kA kAraNa mAnA, apitu una jaina

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muniyoM , jo Agama viruddha AcaraNa karate haiM, ke samparka, satkAra, sammAna Adi ko bhI mithyAtva kA kAraNa mAnA hai aura sadgRhastha ko unase dUra rahane kA hI nirdeza diyA hai| AcArya haribhadra zrAvaka dharma ke AdhArabhUta tattva samyakdarzana kI isa vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki yadi svayaM ina zithilAcAriyoM ke upadeza kA pratiSedha karane meM asamartha ho to, unake u padeza sunane kI apekSA apane kAnoM ko baMda kara lenA hI acchA hai| isa prakAra unhoMne gRhasthasAdhakoM ko spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirdeza diyA hai ki manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA na to mithyAtva kA sevana kareM, na karAeM aura na mithyAtva kA sevana karane kA anumodana kreN| AcArya anumodana kI sUkSmatA se carcA karate hue yahAM taka kahate haiM ki mithyAdRSTiyoM ke madhya meM nivAsa karanA, unake sAtha khAna-pAna karanA aura unake vicAroM kA pratizravaNa karanA bhI usa viziSTa sthiti meM mithyAtva kA anumodana ho jAtA hai, jaba usase samyaktva ke dUSita hone kI sambhAvanA ho| yadyapi isa carcA ke prasaMga meM haribhadra yaha avazya svIkAra karate haiM ki mAtra sAtha rahane athavA khAna-pAna Adi sAtha-sAtha karane se mithyAtva kA anumodana nahIM ho jAtA haiN| AcArya kI dRSTi meM ina paristhitiyoM meM mithyAtva kA anumodana tabhI hotA hai, jaba vyakti svayaM unameM sammilita hokara unheM acchA samajhane lagatA hai| mAtra paraspara eka dUsare ke sAtha rahane Adi se hI kisI vyakti ko eka dUsare kA samarthaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| nagara meM rAjA, amAtya, zreSThI, kalAjIvI, vaNika, mAlAkAra, svarNakAra evaM sevakajana saba sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, phira bhI unheM. eka dUsare kA samarthaka nahIM kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH saMvAsa yA paraspara bhoga-upabhoga mAtra se anumati sambhava nahIM hai| AcArya tarka dete haiM ki yadi yaha ho to phira samyaktva meM bhI una sabakI anumati mAnanA hogii| punaH aisI sthiti meM abhavya janoM kA bhI samyaktva meM anumodana mAnanA hogA, jise jaina paramparA svayaM svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| aMta meM AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki samyaktva ke sAdhaka zrAvaka ko mithyAtva se virata hokara guru ke samIpa jAkara vItarAga arahaMta paramAtmA mere deva arthAt ArAdhya haiM, ahiMsA Adi pAMca mahAvratoM kA paripAlana karane vAle sAdhu hI mere guru haiM aura ahiMsA hI dharma hai aisI pratipatti svIkAra karanI caahie| samyaktva kI carcA ke prasaMga meM AcArya haribhadra ne ATha darzanAcAroM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai

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aura unakI vistRta vivecanA bhI kI hai aura isa prasaMga meM unhoMne jainadharmadarzana kI aneka mahattvapUrNa dArzanika samasyAoM ko uThAyA bhI hai| niHzaMkitattva kI carcA karate hue pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM ve prazna uThAte haiM ki jIvoM meM upayoga lakSaNa samAna hai, to phira eka ko bhavya aura dUsare ko abhavya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? athavA eka paramANu-pUrita pradeza (kSetra) meM dUsare paramANu avagAhana kaise kara sakate haiM aura usI pradeza meM sarvavyApI hokara kaise rahate haiM? kyoMki paramANu se sUkSma to. kucha hotA hI nahIM hai aura pratyeka paramANu eka AkAza pradeza kA avagAhana karake rahatA hai, ataH eka hI AkAza pradeza meM aneka paramANu sarvavyApI ho kaise raha sakate haiM? haribhadra kI dRSTi meM ye eka deza viSayaka arthAt AMzika zaMkAeM haiN| isI krama meM gaNipiTaka (jaina Agama) sAmAnya puruSoM dvArA racita hai athavA sarvajJa dvArA racita hai? aisI zaMkA karanA sarva viSayaka sarvAMza zaMkA hai, kyoMki isase samyaktva kA AdhAra hI samApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra nirAkAMkSA kI carcA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki karmoM kA phala milegA yA na milegA isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA AkAMkSA hai| isI prasaMga meM AcArya ne yaha bhI kahA hai, svadharma kA tyAga kara dUsare dharma-darzanoM kI icchA karanA bhI AkAMkSA kA hI rUpa hai| kisI anya dharma vizeSa kI AkAMkSA karanA eka deza arthAt AMzika AkAMkSA hai| isase bhinna sabhI matoM kI AkAMkSA karanA yA yaha mAnanA ki ve sabhI dharma yA darzana mokSa kI ora hI le jAte haiM, sarva viSayaka AkAMkSA hai| yahAM AcArya ne zaMkA ke prasaMga meM peyapAI' aura AkAMkSA ke prasaMga meM rAjA aura amAtya' kI kathA kA nirdeza diyA hai| prastuta kRti meM hameM kahIM bhI aise saMketa upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, jisase hama yaha kathA kyA hai, isakA vivecana kara skeN| isI krama meM nirvicikitsA aMga kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vicikitsA arthAt ghRNA bhI do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai ekAMza viSayaka aura dUsarI sarva viSayakA vicikitsA ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya ne kahA hai ki caityavaMdana, vratapAlana Adi anuSThAna saphala hoMge yA niSphala hoMge athavA inakA phala milegA yA nahIM? aise kuzaMkA ko vicikitsA kahA jAtA hai| kiMtu sAmAnyatayA vicikitsA kA tAtparya jaina sAdhu ke malina zarIra yA vastrAdi ko dekhakara ghRNA karanA bhI mAnA jAtA hai| pUrva meM svayaM AcArya haribhadra ne isI artha (194)

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kA nirdeza kiyA hai, kiMtu prastuta prasaMga meM unhoMne vicikitsA kA eka nayA artha kiyA hai| vicikitsA ke saMdarbha meM AcArya ne zraddhAhIna zrAvaka aura vidyA kI sAdhanA karane vAle zraddhAvAn cora kA udAharaNa tathA pratyantavAsI arthAt sImAnta pradezavAsI zrAvaka putrI kI kathA kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| amUDhadRSTi darzanAcAra kA pratipAdana karate hue unhoMne batAyA hai ki itara dharmAvalambiyoM kI vibhinna prakAra kI sAdhanA vidhiyoM ke prati AkarSita evaM unake pUjA, satkAra Adi ko dekhakara bhrAMta na honA hI amUDhadRSTi hai| viziSTa tapa karane vAle, vRddha, glAna, rogI, zaikSa Adi kI sevA zuzruSA karane vAle vinayavAna evaM svAdhyAyI muniyoM kI prazaMsA karanA upabrahana hai| isI prakAra dharma mArga se cyuta hote hue vyaktiyoM ko punaH dharma mArga meM sthira karanA stharIkaraNa hai| vastutaH yaha dharma sAdhanA ke kSetra meM khinna hue vyaktiyoM ko protsAhita kara unheM sAdhanA meM pratiSThita karanA hai| svadharmIvAtsalya ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki svadharmI janoM ke prati vAtsalya yA anurAga rakhanA, kaSTa ke samaya unakI sahAyatA karanA svadharmIvAtsalya hai| AcArya ne amUDhadRSTi ke prasaMga meM sulasA zrAvikA kI, upabrahana ke saMdarbha meM rAjA zreNika kI, stharIkaraNa meM ASAr3hAcArya kI aura vAtsalya ke prasaMga meM vajrasvAmI kI kathAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| __ aMtima prabhAvanA aMga kI carcA karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vibhinna prakAra labdhiyoM (RddhiyoM), vividha prakAra kI vidhAoM (taMtra-maMtra Adi), aSTAMgajyotiSa, nimittazAstra Adi meM pAraMgata hokara unake mAdhyama se jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karanA samyak-darzana kA prabhAvanA aMga hai| . . AcArya ne yahAM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki samyaktva kA bodha hone para bhI vrata pratipatti arthAt aNuvratoM Adi ko grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA vaikalpika ho sakatI hai, kiMtu aise vyakti ko bhI sevA evaM svAdhyAya Adi to niyama se karanA hI caahie| AcArya yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki eka bAra samyaktva kI prApti ho jAne para saMsAra samudra ko pAra karane ke lie naukA ke samAna vrata Adi kAlAMtara meM avazya hI prApta hote haiN| samyaktva kI carcA ke uparAMta prastuta kRti meM pAMca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavratoM aura cAra zikSAvratoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa saMdarbha meM AcArya haribhadra ne tattvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa na karake upAsakadazA ke krama kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| mAtra aMtara yaha hai ki jahAM upAsakadazA meM aNuvrata evaM zikSAvrata aisA

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dvividha vargIkaraNa hai, vahAM AcArya haribhadra ne kAlAMtara meM vikasita aNuvrata, guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata aisA trividha vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| zrAvaka ke vratoM kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM prastuta kRti meM haribhadra ne zrAvaka ko kisa vrata kA paripAlana kitane yogoM aura kitane karaNoM se karanA hotA hai, isakI vistRta carcA kI hai| AcArya haribhadra ne karaNa aura yoga ke saMdarbha meM kula bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA 49 mAnI hai aura unako bhI atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ke sAtha guNita karane para kula 147 bhaMga mAne haiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA hai ki bharatakSetra ke madhyakhaNDa ke bAhara anumatiniSedha ke tIna bhaMga kama karane para svayaM ke viSaya meM 144 bhaMga hote haiN| yahAM yaha bhI carcA kI gaI hai ki bharatakSetra ke bAhara zrAvakoM ke bhI sarvavrata sAdhu ke samAna hI tInakaraNa aura tInayoga se hI hote haiN| jJAtavya hai ki yoga (sAdhana) tIna haiM- 1. mana, 2. vacana aura 3. kaayaa| inake saMyoga se kula sAta bhaMga (vikalpa) hote haiM yathA- 1. mana, 2. vacana, 3. kAyA, 4. mana aura vacana, 5. mana aura kAyA, 6. vacana aura kAyA tathA 7. mana, vacana aura kaayaa| isI prakAra karaNa bhI tIna haiM- 1. karanA, 2. karAnA aura 3. anumodn| inake bhI sAMyogika bhaMga sAta hI hoNge| yathA- 1. karanA, 2. karAnA, 3. anumodana, 4. karanA aura karAnA, 5. karanA aura anumodana karanA, 6. karAnA aura anumodana karanA tathA 7. karanA, karAnA evaM anamodana krnaa| isa prakAra sAta yoga aura sAta karaNa ko paraspara guNita karane para unacAsa (7 x7 = 49) bhaMga hote haiN| ye unacAsa bhaMga bhI tIna kAloM kI upekSA se eka sau saiMtAlIsa (49 x 3 = 147) bhaMga ho jAte haiN| isa carcA ke pazcAt prastuta kRti meM AcArya ne zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM aura unake pratyeka ke aticAroM kI vistRta carcA kI hai| AcArya haribhadra ne bhI sAmAnyatayA to unhIM aticAroM kI carcA kI hai, jo anya graMthoM meM bhI varNita haiN| haribhadra dvArA varNita aticAroM kI yaha sUcI upAsakadazA se bahuta kucha milatI hai, kiMtu kucha avadhAraNAoM ko lekara haribhadra kA matavaibhinya bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jahAM chaThe digvrata kI carcA meM jahAM anya AcAryoM ne anya guNavratoM ke samAna isa guNavrata ko bhI AjIvana ke lie grAhya mAnA gayA hai vahAM AcArya haribhadra ne digvrata kA niyama cAturmAsa yA usase kucha adhika mahInoM ke lie hI batAyA hai| Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne divrata ke sarvamAnya yathAurdhva, adho evaM tiryak dizA kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa Adi kI carcA ke sAtha (196)

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hI sAtha nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara Anayana aura preSaNa ko bhI divrata kA aticAra mAnA hai| sAmAnyatayA inakI carcA dizAvakAzika nAmaka zikSAvrata meM kI jAtI hai| zeSa guNavratoM kI carcA meM koI viziSTa aMtara nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| zikSAvratoM ke aticAroM kA vivecana bhI unhoMne upAsakadazA kI paramparA ke anusAra hI kiyA hai| aNuvratoM, guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM ke prasaMga meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jahAM pAMca aNuvrata aura tIna guNavrata AjIvana ke lie grahaNa kie jAte haiM, vahAM zikSAvrata nizcita samaya ke athavA dinoM ke lie hI grahaNa kie jAte haiN| zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kI isa carcA ke pazcAt unhoMne saMlekhanA kA ullekha to kiyA hai, kiMtu use zrAvaka kA Avazyaka karttavya nahIM mAnA hai| aMgavijjA aura namaskAra maMtra kI vikAsa yAtrA namaskAra maMtra jaina dharma kA AdhArabhata aura sarvasampradAyamAnya maMtra hai| paramparAta vizvAsa to yahI hai ki yaha maMtra anAdi-anidhana hai aura jaina AgamoM kA sAratattva evaM Adi srota hai| isa maMtra ke saMdarbha meM yaha lokokti prasiddha hai'caudaha pUraba kero sAra samaro sadA maMtra navakAra' mAtra yahI nahIM, namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA mahAzrutaskaMdha aisA nAmakaraNa bhI isI tathya kA sUcaka hai| AgamoM ke adhyayana ke pUrva prArambha meM isI kA adhyayana karAyA jAnA bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yaha unakA Adi srota hai| namaskAra maMtra ke pAMcoM pada vyaktivAcaka na hokara guNavAcaka haiN| ina guNoM kA astitva anAdi anidhana hai aura aise guNIjanoM ke prati vinaya kA bhAva svAbhAvika hai, ataH isa dRSTi se namaskAra maMtra ko anAdi mAnA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA bhinna hai| unake anusAra cUlikA sahita paMcapadAtmaka sampUrNa namaskAra maMtra kA eka kramika vikAsa huA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM hama aMgavijA aura khAravela ke abhilekha ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM namaskAra maMtra kI isa vikAsayAtrA kA adhyayana kreNge| - jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcIna graMtha AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika Adi meM namaskAramaMtra kA koI bhI (197)

Page #202
nirdeza hameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi dazavakAlikasUtra meM Arya zayyambhava ne yaha nirdeza kiyA hai, kAyotsarga ko namaskAra se pUrNa karanA cAhie, kiMtu isase yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai ki yaha namaskAra paMcapadAtmaka hotA thaa| sAmAyika sUtra meM kAyotsarga ke AgAra sUtra meM yaha pATha AtA hai ki 'arahaMtANaM, bhagavaMtANaM, namukkAreNaM na pAremi' arthAt ise arahaMtANaM se ise pUrNa kruuNgaa| vartamAna paramparA se isakI puSTi bhI hotI hai, phira bhI namaskAra se tAtparya paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra se rahA hogA yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra ke nirdeza jina AgamoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, unameM aMga AgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra ke atirikta anya kisI bhI aMga Agama graMtha meM namaskAra maMtra kA nirdeza nahIM hai| aMgabAhya AgamoM meM prajJApanAsUtra ke prArambha meM bhI namaskAra maMtra upalabdha hotA hai| prajJApanA ke atirikta mahAnizItha ke prArambha meM bhI namaskAra maMtra kA nirdezana milatA hai| (OM namo titthss| OM namo arhNtaannN|)2 bhagavatIsUtra evaM prajJApanA ke prArambha meM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA nirdeza to hai, kiMtu yaha unakA aMgIbhUta aMza hai athavA prakSipta aMza hai, isako lekara vidvAnoM meM matavaibhinna dekhA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki prajJApanA ke TIkAkAra malayagiri isakI koI TIkA nahIM karate haiM, isalie yaha maMtra usakA aMgIbhUta maMtra nahIM hai| ise bAda meM maMgala sUcaka Adi vAkya ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA hai, ataH prakSipta aMza hai| yahAM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi bhagavatIsUtra ke prArambha meM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra to milatA hai, kiMtu usakI cUlikA nahIM milatI hai, usake sthAna para 'namo baMbhI-livie' yaha pada milatA hai| ataH yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki brahmIlipi ke prati yaha namaskArAtmakapada tabhI usameM jor3A gayA hogA, jaba isa graMtha ko sarvaprathama lipibaddha kiyA gayA hogaa| bhagavatIsUtra ke pazcAt prajJApanAsUtra meM bhI paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra upalabdha hotA hai, kiMtu prajJApanAsUtra nizcita hI IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga nirmita huA hai| ataH isa AdhAra para kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI taka paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA vikAsa ho cukA thaa| jahAM taka mahAnizItha kA prazna hai, yaha spaSTa hai ki usakI mUlaprati dImakoM se bhakSita ho jAne para AcArya haribhadra ne hI isa graMtha kA punaroddhAra kiyaa| haribhadra kA kAla spaSTa rUpa se lagabhaga IsA kI 7vIM-8vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| ataH (198)

Page #203
mahAnizIthasUtra meM cUlikA namaskAramaMtra kI upasthiti usakI vikAsa yAtrA ko samajhane meM kisI bhI prakAra sahAyaka nahIM hotI hai| mahAnizItha meM jo yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'paMcamaMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha' kA vyAkhyAna mUlamaMtra kI niyukti bhASya evaM cUrNi meM kiyA gayA thA aura yaha vyAkhyAna tIrthaMkaroM se prApta huA thaa| kAla doSa se ve niyuktiyAM, bhASya aura cUrNiyAM naSTa ho gaIM, phira kucha samaya pazcAt vajrasvAmI ne namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA uddhAra kara use mUla sUtra meM sthApita kiyaa| yaha vRddhasampradAya hai| yaha tathya namaskAramaMtra ke racayitA kA patA lagAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yadyapi Avazyaka niyukti meM vajrasvAmI ke ullekha meM isa ghaTanA kA nirdeza nahIM hai, phira bhI isase do bAteM phalita hotI haiM- prathama to yaha ki haribhadra ke kAla taka yaha anubhUti thI ki namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke uddhAraka vajrasUri the aura dUsare yaha ki unhoMne ise Agama meM sthApita kiyaa| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM namaskAramaMtra kI sthApanA vajrasvAmI ne kI aura ve isake uddhAraka yA kisI artha meM isake nirmAtA haiN| vajrasvAmI kA kAla lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatI hai| saMyoga se yahI kAla aMgavijjA kA hai| khAravela kA abhilekha isase lagabhaga 150 varSa pUrva kA hai| Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM Avazyaka niyukti meM sarvaprathama hameM sampUrNa cUlikA sahita namaskAramaMtra kA nirdeza milatA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra ke sAtha-sAtha usakI cUlikA bhI upalabdha ho jAtI hai| maiMne apane eka svataMtra lekha meM yaha sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki niyuktiyoM kA racanAkAla IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki cUlikA sahita paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM astitva meM A gayA thaa| digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke Adi meM bhI paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra upalabdha hotA hai, kiMtu vikasita guNasthAna siddhAMta ko upasthiti Adi ke kAraNa yaha graMtha IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA siddha nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM bhI cUlikA sahita namaskAramaMtra upalabdha hotA hai, kiMtu yaha graMtha bhI lagabhaga 6ThI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa kA hai| isameM to namaskAramaMtra aura usakI cUlikA Avazyaka niyukti se hI uddhRta kI gaI hai, kyoMki mUlAcAra evaM Avazyaka niyukti meM na kevala prastuta cUlikA sahita namaskAramaMtra uddhRta huA hai, apitu usakI aneka gAthAeM bhI uddhRta haiM, ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki Avazyaka niyukti (199)

Page #204
ke kAla taka arthAt IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka namaskAramaMtra kA pUrNataH vikAsa ho cukA thaa| paramparAgata mAnyatA yaha hai ki 'siddhANaM namo kiccA' arthAt siddhoM ko namaskAra karake jahAM tIrthaMkara dIkSita hote haiN| jahAM taka arahaMta pada kA prazna hai- bhagavatI, AcArAMga (dvitIya zrutaskaMdha), kalpasUtra evaM AvazyakasUtra ke zukrastava meM namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM' ke rUpa meM arahaMta ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| sambhavataH yahIM se namaskAra maMtra kI vikAsa yAtrA prArambha hotI hai| mahAnizItha sUtra ke prArambha meM namo titthassa, namo arahaMtANaM- aise do pada milate haiN| isameM namaskAra maMtra kA to mAtra eka hI pada hai, phira usameM namo siddhANaM' pada jur3akara dvipadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra banA hogaa| isa prakAra prArambha meM namaskAramaMtra arahaMta aura siddha- aisA dvipadAtmaka rahA hogaa| yadyapi AgamoM meM saMyukta rUpa se dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| mathurA ke I.pU. prathama zatI taka ke abhilekhoM meM kucha abhilekhoM meM 'namo arahaMtA' yaha eka pada hI milatA hai| aMgavijA ke caturtha adhyAya aMgastaya' meM namo arahaMtANaM' aisA eka hI pada hai jo adhyAya ke Adi meM diyA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt aMgavijA ke aSTama adhyAya meM dvipadAtmaka, tripadAtmaka aura paMcapadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra milatA hai| aMgavijA meM mujhe namaskAramaMtra kI cUlikA nahIM milI, isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki cUlikA kI racanA aMgavijA kI racanA ke pazcAt hI niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAla ke samaya huii| isa prakAra yaha to nizcita hotA hai ki cUlikA rahita paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra lagabhaga IsA kI prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI meM astitva A gayA thaa| abhI taka kI zodhoM ke AdhAra para kevala yaha aMgavijjA ke adhyayana ke binA nizcita ho pA rahA thA ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA aura IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM usakI cUlikA kA nirmANa huA hogaa| usake pUrva namaskAramaMtra kI kyA sthiti thI?yaha vicAraNIya hai| prAcIna stara ke AgamoM yathA AcArAMga Adi meM arahaMta' pada to prApta hotA hai, kiMtu usake sAtha namo' pada kI koI yojanA nahIM hai| Agama meM 'namo' pada pUrvaka siddha pada kA prayoga uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM milatA hai| usameM 'siddhANaM namo' aisA prayoga milA hai| bhagavatI aura kalpasUtra meM 'namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM', aisA pada milatA hai, kiMtu namo arahaMtANaM, namo siddhANaM' aise do pada mujhe dekhane meM nahIM aae| 200

Page #205
isI saMdarbha meM sarvaprathama lagabhaga IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI kA eka abhilekhIya sAkSya prApta hotA hai, jisameM dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA nirdeza hai| bhuvanezvara (ur3IsA) ke khAravela ke hatthIgumphA abhilekha (I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI) meM hameM nimna do pada milate haiM- 1. 'namo arahaMtAnaM', 2. 'namo savva siddhaanN'| isa prakAra dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA I.pU. kA abhilekhIya sAkSya to milA, kiMtu kisI sAhityika sAkSya se isakI puSTi nahIM ho pA rahI thii| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, isameM 'siddhANaM' ke sAtha jo 'savva' vizeSaNa jur3A huA hai, usakI bhI kisI sAhityika sAkSya se koI puSTi nahIM ho pA rahI thii| saMyoga se jaba maiM apanI pustaka 'jaina dharma aura tAMtrika sAdhanA kA jaina dharma aura maMtra sAdhanA' nAmaka adhyAya likha rahA thA, to jaina maMtroM ke prArambhika srotoM ko khojane hetu aMgavijA kA adhyayana kara rahA thA to mujhe usameM na kevala dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra prApta huA, apitu usameM 'savva' vizeSaNa yukta 'siddhANaM' pada bhI prApta huaa| isa prakAra hameM khAravela ke abhilekha ke dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA sampUrNa sAhityika sAkSya aMgavijA meM prApta huaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI jJAta huA ki dvipadAtmaka isa namaskAramaMtra ke abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSya samakAlika bhI haiN| puNyavijaya jI ma.sA. dvArA sampAdita isa aMgavijA kI 'bhUmikA' meM DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne aMgavijA ko kuSANakAla arthAt IsA kI prathama zatI kI racanA mAnA hai| khAravela kA abhilekha isase lagabhaga 150 varSa pUrva kA hogaa| isa prakAra aMgavijA, se khAravela ke abhilekha se kiMcit paravartI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aMgavijA meM namaskAramaMtra ke eka padAtmaka, dvipadAtmaka, tripadAtmaka evaM paMcapadAtmaka cAroM hI rUpa dekhane ko milate haiM, kiMtu aMgavijjA meM hameM namaskAramaMtra kI cUlikA (eso paMca namokkAro savvapAvappaNAsaNo maMgalANaM ca savvesiM paDhamaM havai maMgalaM) kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki namaskAramaMtra kI cUlikA eka * paravartI racanA hai| isakA sarvaprathama nirdeza Avazyaka niyukti meM upalabdha hotA hai| yadi Avazyaka niyukti ko merI mAnyatA ke anusAra Aryabhadra kI racanA mAnA jAe to usakA kAla IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga sthApita hotA hai| isa samagra carcA se itanA avazya phalita hotA hai ki paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA vikAsa IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM Ae vajra ke samaya meM ho cukA thaa| usameM (201)

Page #206
IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM cUlikA judd'ii| dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra se paMcapadAtmaka . namaskAramaMtra ke vikAsa meM lagabhaga eka yA do zatAbdI vyatIta huii| khAravela ke abhilekha aura aMgavijA kI racanA ke bIca jo lagabhaga 150 varSoM kA aMtara hai, vahI dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra se paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra ke vikAsa kA kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM- aMgavijjA meM eka padAtmaka, dvipadAtmaka aura paMcapadAtmaka cAroM hI prakAra ke namaskAramaMtra kA ullekha upalabdha hai| aMgavijjA ke prArambha meM Adi.maMgala ke rUpa meM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra hai, kiMtu usake hI caturtha adhyAya ke prArambha meM maMgala rUpa meM 'namo arahaMtANaM'- aisA eka hI pada hai| punaH aMgavijjA ke aSTama adhyAya meM mahAnimittavidyA evaM rUpa-vidyA sambaMdhI jo maMtra die gae haiM, usameM dvipadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra 'namo arahaMtANaM' aura 'namo savvasiddhANaM' aise do pada milate haiN| isameM bhI pratirUpavidyA sambaMdhI maMtra meM 'namo arahaMtANaM' aura 'namo siddhANaM' ye do pada milate haiN| 'siddhANaM' ke sAtha meM 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai, kiMtu mahAnimittavidyA sambaMdhI maMtra meM "savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| 'savva' vizeSaNa kA upayoga khAravela ke abhilekhoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| aMgavijA meM pratihAravidyA sambaMdhI jo maMtra diyA gayA hai, usameM hameM tripadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA nirdeza milatA hai| isameM 'namo arahaMtAnaM' 'namo savvasiddhAnaM' aura 'namo savvasAhUnaM' aise tIna pada die gae haiN| jJAtavya hai ki isameM siddhoM aura sAdhuoM ke sAtha 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga hai| aMgavijjA ke isI adhyAya meM bhUmikarma vidyA aura siddhavidyA meM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra upalabdha hotA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki tripadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra se 'AyariANaM' aura 'namo uvajjhAyANaM aise do padoM kI yojanApUrvaka paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA vikAsa huA hai| namaskAramaMtra kI isa vikAsa yAtrA meM isakI zabda yojanA meM bhI AMzika parivartana huA hai- aisA dekhA jAtA hai| prathamataH 'namo siddhANaM' meM 'siddha' pada ke sAtha savva' vizeSaNa kI yojanA huI aura punaH yaha savva' vizeSaNa usase alaga bhI kiyA gyaa| aMgavijA aura khAravela kA abhilekha isa ghaTanA ke sAkSya haiN| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM, jahAM khAravela ke abhilekha meM 'namo savvasiddhAnaM' pATha milatA hai vahAM aMgavijjA meM 'namo siddhAnaM' aura 'namo savvasiddhAnaM' pATha milatA hai, vahAM aMgavijjA meM 'namo siddhAnaM' aura 'namo savvasiddhAnaM'- donoM pATha milate haiN| vartamAna meM jo namaskAramaMtra kA 'namo 202

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savvasiddhAnaM' aura 'namo savva sAhUNaM' pATha milatA hai vaha mahAnizItha saptama adhyAya kI cUlikA ke pracalita pATha meM anupalabdha hai| bhagavatI, prajJApanA, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi zvetAmbara-digambara AgamoM meM jo pATha upalabdha hotA hai, usameM kahIM bhI siddha pada ke sAtha 'savva' (sarva) vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM haiN| isI prakAra kI dUsarI samasyA 'sAhU' pada ke vizeSaNoM ko lekara bhI hai| vartamAna meM 'sAhU' pada ke sAtha 'loe' aura 'savva' ina do vizeSaNoM kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| vartamAna meM 'namo loe savvasANaM' pATha upalabdha hai, kiMtu aMgavijjA meM 'namo savvasAhUna' aura 'namo loe savvasAhUnaM' ye donoM pATha upalabdha haiN| jahAM pratihAra vidyA aura svaravidyA sambaMdhI maMtra meM 'namo savvasAhUNaM' pATha hai, vahIM aMgavidyA, bhUmikamavidyA evaM siddhavidyA meM namo savvasAhUNaM'- aisA pATha milatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kI kucha prAcIna hasta-pratiyoM meM bhI loe' vizeSaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai- aisI sUcanA upalabdha hai, yadyapi isakA pramANa mujhe abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huaa| kiMtu terApaMtha samAja meM 'loe' pada rakhane yA na rakhane ko lekara eka carcA avazya prArambha huI thI aura isa sambaMdha meM kucha UhApoha bhI huA thA, kiMtu aMta meM unhoMne 'loe' pATha rkhaa| jJAtavya hai ki vizeSaNa rahita namo sAhUNaM' pada kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| ataH namaskAramaMtra ke paMcama pada ke do rUpa milate haiM- 'namo savvasAhUNaM' aura 'namo lohe savvasAhUNaM' aura ye donoM hI rUpa aMgavijjA meM upasthita haiN| isa sambaMdha meM aMgavijA kI yaha vizeSatA dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahAM tripadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra kA prayoga hai vahAM mAtra 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai aura jahAM paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra kA ullekha hai vahAM loe' aura 'savva' donoM kA prayoga hai| jabaki 'siddhANaM' pada ke sAtha paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra meM kahIM bhI 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, mAtra dvipadAtmaka athavA tripadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra meM hI 'siddhANaM' pada ke sAtha 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga dekhane meM AtA hai| aMgavijjA meM namaskAramaMtra meM to nahIM, kiMtu labdhipadoM ke namaskAra sambaMdhI maMtroM meM 'AyariANaM' pada ke sAtha 'savvesiM' vizeSaNa bhI dekhane ko milA hai| vahAM pUrNa pada isa prakAra hai'Namo mAhaNimittINaM savvesiM aayriaannN'| Avazyaka niyukti meM ullekha hai- 'Ayaria namukkAreNa vijAmaMtA ya sijhaMti'' isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki vidyA evaM maMtroM kI sAdhanA kA prArambha AcArya ke prati namaskAra pUrvaka hotA hai| isI saMdarbha meM 'namovijjAcAraNasiddhANaM tavasiddhANaM' - aise do prayoga bhI (203)

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aMgavijA meM milate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki yahAM 'siddha' pada kA artha vaha nahIM hai jo artha paMcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMtra meM hai| yahAM siddha kA tAtparya cAraNavidyA siddha athavA tapa-siddha hai, na ki mukt-aatmaa| namaskAramaMtra ke prArambha meM 'namo' meM dantya 'na' kA prayoga ho yA mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga ho ise lekara vivAda kI sthiti banI huI hai| jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA ke graMthoM meM 'namo' aura 'Namo' donoM hI rUpa milate haiM, vahAM digambara paramparA meM Namo' aisA eka hI prayoga milatA hai| aba abhilekhIya AdhAroM para vizeSa rUpa se khAravela ke hatthIgumphA abhilekha aura mathurA ke jaina abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se suspaSTa ho cukA hai ki 'namo' pada kA prayoga hI prAcIna hai aura usake sthAna para Namo' pada kA prayoga paravartI hai| vastutaH zaurasenI prAkRta aura mahArASTrI prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa ke noNaH' sUtra ke AdhAra para paravartI kAla ke dantya 'na' ke sthAna para mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga hone lgaa| isa sambaMdha meM aMgavijjA kI kyA sthiti hai? yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne apane dvArA sampAdita aMgavijjA meM namaskAramaMtra ke prasaMga meM 'namo' ke sthAna para Namo' kA hI prayoga kiyA hai, kiMtu mUla meM 'Namo' zabda kA prayoga svIkAra karane para hameM aMgavijjA kI bhASA kI prAcInatA para saMdeha utpanna ho sakatA hai, kyoMki prAcIna ardhamAgadhI meM sAmAnyataH 'namo' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa saMdarbha meM maiMne muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke sampAdana meM AdhArabhUta rahI hastapratoM ke citroM kA avalokana kiyaa| yadyapi unake dvArA prayukta hastapratoM meM 'namo' aura 'Namo' donoM hI rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| jahAM kAgaja kI do hastapratoM meM 'namo' pATha hai, vahAM kAgaja ke eka hastaprata meM Namo' pATha hai| isI prakAra sampAdana meM prayukta tADapatrIya do pratoM meM se jaisalamera kI prati (14vIM zatI) meM 'namo' pATha hai| lekina paravartI khambhAta meM likhI gaI (15vIM zatI ke uttarArdha 1481 meM likhI gaI nijI saMgraha) prati meM 'Namo' pATha hai| mAtra yahI nahIM kAgaja kI unake sva saMgraha kI jisa prati meM 'Namo' pATha milA hai usameM bhI prathama cAra padoM meM hI 'Namo' pATha hai| paMcama pada meM 'namo' pATha hI hai| yahI nahIM Age labdhipadoM ke sAtha bhI 'namo' pATha hai| honA to yaha thA ki sampAdana karate samaya unheM 'namo' yaha prAcIna pratiyoM kA pATha lenA cAhie thA, kiMtu aisA lagatA hai ki muni zrI ne bhI hemacaMdra-vyAkaraNa ke 'no NaH sUtra ko AdhAra mAnakara 'namo' ke sthAna para Namo' ko hI vyAkaraNaM sammata svIkAra kiyA hai| Azcarya hai ki munizrI ne aMgavijjA kI prastAvanA meM graMtha kI (204

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bhASA aura jaina prAkRta ke vividha prayoga zIrSaka ke aMtargata mahArASTrI prAkRta se jaina prAkRta (ardhamAgadhI) ke aMtara kI lagabhaga cAra pRSThoM meM vistRta carcA kI hai aura vividha vyaMjanoM ke vikAra, avikAra aura Agama ko samajhAyA bhI hai, phi ra bhI usameM 'na' aura 'Na' ke sambaMdha meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai| sambhavataH unhoMne 'Na' ke prayoga ko hI upayukta mAna liyA thA, kiMtu merA vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki unheM abhilekhoM aura prAcIna hastapratoM meM upalabdha namo' pATha ko adhika upayukta mAnanA caahie| vastutaH muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne jisa kAla meM aMgavijA ke sampAdana kA durUha kArya pUrNa kiyA, usa samaya taka 'na' aura 'Na' meM kauna prAcIna hai yaha carcA prArambha hI nahIM huI thii| merI jAnakArI meM isa carcA kA prArambha AdaraNIya DaoN. ke.Ara. caMdrA ke prayatnoM se huA hai, ataH bhaviSya meM jaba kabhI isakA punaH sampAdana, anuvAda aura prakAzana ho taba ina tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAnA caahie| vastutaH mahAna adhyavasAyI aura puruSArthI muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke zrama kA hI yaha phala hai ki Aja hameM aMgavijjA jaisA durlabha graMtha adhyayana ke lie upalabdha hai| vidvadgaNa unake isa mahAna kArya ko kabhI nahIM bhuuleNge| Aja AvazyakatA hai to isa bAta kI ki isa mahattvapUrNa graMtha ko hindI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM anudita karake prakAzita kiyA jAe, tAki prAkRta bhASA se aparicita loga bhI bhAratIya saMskRti kI isa anamola dharohara kA lAbha uThA skeN| : aMgavijA bhAratIya nimitta zAstra kI vividha vidhAoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA adbhuta evaM prAcInatama graMtha hai| isI prakAra jaina taMtra zAstra kA bhI yaha anamola evaM prathama graMtha hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA aura isa graMtha meM upalabdha AMtarika sAkSya isa tathya ke pramANa haiM ki yaha graMtha dRSTivAda ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai (bArasame aMge diTThavAe.... suttakkiyaM tao isameM bhAratIya saMskRti aura itihAsa kI amUlya nidhi chipI huI hai| munizrI puNyavijaya jI ne ati zrama karake isake vibhinna pariziSToM meM usakA saMketa diyA hai aura usI AdhAra para vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne isakI vistRta bhUmikA likhI hai| jisase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aMgavijA bhAratIya saMskRti kA anamola graMtha hai| isakA adhyayana apekSita hai| prastuta prasaMga meM maiMne aMgavijjA ke pariprekSya meM mAtra namaskAramaMtra kI vikAsa yAtrA kI carcA kii| Age icchA hai ki aMgavijA ke AdhAra para labdhi padoM kI vikAsa yAtrA kI carcA kI jaae| ye labdhi pada sUrimaMtra aura jaina tAMtrika sAdhanA (205)

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kA AdhAra haiM aura inakA prathama nirdeza bhI aMgavijA meM milatA hai| sAtha hI ye namaskAramaMtra ke hI vikasita svarUpa haiN| isakI vistRta carcA Age kisI zodha lekha meM kreNge| vastutaH muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne aMgavijA ko sampAdita evaM prakAzita karake aisA mahAna upakAra kiyA hai ki kevala isa para saikar3oM zodha lekha aura bIsoM zodha-prabaMdha likhe jA sakate haiN| vidvata varga isa sAmagrI kA upayoga kareM, yahI muni zrI ke prati unakI sarvottama zraddhAMjali hogii| saMdarbha - 1. sAmAyika sUtra (kAyotsarga-AgAra sUtra-4) mahAnizItha, (zrIAgamasudhAsindhuH-dazamo vibhAgaH) saMpA. zrI vijaya jineMdra sUrIzvara, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA graMthAMka77, lAkhA bAvala, zAMtipurI saurASTra, 1/1) tithtyara guNANamaNaMta bhAgamalamaMtamannattha, vahI-3/25 siddhANaM Namo kiccA, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (navasuttANi) jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 20/1 . Avazyaka niyukti, harSapuSpAmRta jaina graM.mA., lAkhAbAvala, saurASTra-1110 aMgavijA- 1/10-11, pR.1 & in x i w

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prAcya vidyApITha: eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI mArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaHpratiSThita karanA hai| __ isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patrapatrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai - isa parisara meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zodhArthiyoM aura mumukSujanoM ke lie adhyayana-adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha nivAsa, bhojana Adi kI bhI uttama vyavasthA hai| zodhakArya ke mArgadarzana evaM zikSaNa hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA satat sAnidhya prApta hai| ise vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA zodha saMsthAna ke rupa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai|

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca.DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA (darzanazAstra) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevAH 1964-67 sahAyaka prAdhyApaka ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1968-85 prAdhyApaka (prophesara) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1985-89 nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI : 1979-1987 evaM 1989-1997 lekhana : 49 pustakeM sampAdana : 160 pustakeM pradhAna sampAdaka : jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) puraskAra : pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra : 1986 evaM 1998 svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra : 1987 DipTImala puraskAra : 1992 AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna : 1994 vidyAvAradhi sammAna : 2003 presIDensIyala avArDa oNpha jainA yU.esa.e : 2007 vAgArtha sammAna (ma.pra. zAsana) : 2007 gautama gaNadhara sammAna (prAkRta bhAratI) : 2008 ArcAya tulasI prAkRta sammAna : 2009 vidyAcandrasUrI sammAna : 2011 samatA manISI sammAna : 2012 sadasya : akAdamika saMsthAe~ : pUrva sadasya - vidvata pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla sadasya - jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM : pUrva sadasya - mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati : saMsthApaka - prabaMdha nyAsI evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra) pUrvasacivaHpArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI videza bhramaNa : yU.esa.e. , zikAgoM, rAle, hyUTana, nyUjarsI, uttarIkarolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphrAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa luIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNToM, (kanAr3A) nyUyArka, landana (yU.ke.) aura kATamArdU (nepAla)