Kannad Tamil ane Marati Jain Sahitya Jain History Series 7

Author(s): K Bhujbali Shastri, T P Minakshi, Sundaram Pille, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar
Publisher: 108 jain Tirth Darshan Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001317/1

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jaina sAhityano bRhada ItihAsa bhAga - - 00000 1 kannaDa, tAmila ane marAThI jaina sAhitya : prakAzaka : zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa pAlItANA-amadAvAda-muMbaI

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sunAyavAhanAcvAkADAhAkiMvAhaviramAmAlinIjavanavAsaNasamA vANA gayAAmAkamA namunAmani yanisanAva plvneyvaashuumaansmaanaaddaasaayaacnaasaanaanaanttnttnttiivaavpaataa| kAmammAnanAnAnakAdavanAmavamAnachAmajAkArayAmAmAtAdhAramA mujhazakamavAvAcAsatrumadvAvanimayIzaktimAmeninAmukkranavAyA navidanAdAvamahamanAmanacAUmAsivamaghavanAzasalAmIvakamAmi jaarsidhaarmi| madanAlAruma nasvamAsikamAjhAvAtakAnamAmisanamAyakSiAmivayapamanoja kacAbanasosisAnAdhimamanamokakaraNAvamazAlinI UlakA vamiSadakhinAsuravAsAmanilAivavAsasejamAyasI nyakalyANamiDiyAyAnanamamamAnaviSamAvAzanAsaranevA makSamaDalAyujayAzivAjasvakArazArakhApanAkiztavyamamma TAvadhAnavAna dANAgata yAvanikAlA gAvAgAdhAna nidhonAgAra maavsaacttaasdhiyaa|kssnnnijlyaaddpnycaasnikai dhanavadhAnAmAnAyata sAkasamAsAdavAvapanadoganAkolADAvAdAyasisavAsAvAlayasapazvamA yAmAhAmAyAnalanayanAyiAnakatAvAtAvakarAyAkhAzAdAvamA nimazAsArikhamAvatAranacchAkazcitAyAjApajimAnisamApivizya mahAjanapurA dakhAnAmAcA ayAdavanapadhyakSaNAsivanAmikAzikAnapapaniSadisAmarbhimAyaka mAravAyayavismAravAvivamAyAmasamAvinAzamAdiMDakAyAdava mAmaJcacAmAyAtakSamAvAsyanAvApinAtigADAsAyanAmina pisAbAdhevAnAmasimAyAjAvAdAzavakanAzAyAmazA dADapakAyAnanamAyApivijJAnAcIvAnAdhikArI yAvayAra vimAnArmanami yamapanIyama gamAmAsaghanaMda vimA sikabhivAma yAnAsTadAyara iyamAlAmaNavAladyAdevajamInImapiksavimAniyA kArarmacAvalAvAlayabAlAsAnAyAbhavAmavAdhAdAmavAsananeya vevAnapicaDimedaGAludhiDilisisnAnamanapatiAkA lAlAyavAjAvapAsAmidhimAdhavanAraDamAvita bAmAthilamavAra nAvivakSavanamA sinnadhAmAdhyama sanAmayevAmAna ninimAyanAka gAyanAnanAyanAdhiyAnavamagamAnavidhAtyAcAryaNanAmasavarmayAnava vizvidyAlayAvAlAiyAmirAsadamAvakhAnAvavinAvabalidaskhayakamA mApiAnAmaganyavyativaninAvamAmayAmAnAnAmAvayAcamadhAcanANa mAnavAmAganAjAnavamApavAyAdhijagAradivAyanocatamasukAsi vaDAmAnavAviSayayAmaDIsAraDozAgavakaraNayannAdhAninavAsasvAmAna

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di aMga sikA saMpyA vAnara nANikarA paTAkara dinAi tAvakA vinivi kadevAka lAsa kImiyA kramA // miHkalana mii vimAsvAyaDiyama sinAva mAlika nAnAmivAzrAkAnimAnAmita dinezA vilAsinyAzamA mA jyAgAmA nikaTadArAca yApikA nakalA marA mAyAnagara nayAnizayA jJAnAba kimAna sAdhunApudinA ka maikalpitamAnAnAma pAvasApa sapanIya zrama yAmamacaMda vAdidamA vikimi kAliyAnAca nAnAmivAdamA navalAnAmayAnAnniviSa liganimAlayiSya bhyAgidinAHdhikA dImakAya paDaninimAya Education International For Private & Personal Us tAya mAyAmakA dyAvA kula ke 7 vAdhU mAnayamAnA sammAna ra tinakAva vIo sisiDamA namAmikamA pAte kAnamA bhimani nyakAmiDiyAyanana mikamaMDalo uDAyaTii mAya maivaaymdhiyaa| i sA dAdInAnila minAra 4yaNAmiva dAmodaramAca ye mAmImA ma pisAmrAjJAnAnaitimAna kApApi dA karmi bulAvAya gadi lAlaviru kumAyanAtanAyamA nigama sAmaga mApinAnyativaninAvamA mAnavAkA vaMgamAna 4viSayayAma 20

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zrI nemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUri graMthazreNI naM. 23 jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa : bhAga - 7 : kannaDa, tAmila tathA marAThI jaina sAhitya preraNA sva. pa. pU. AcArya zrI vijayacaMdrodayasUrIzvarajI mahArAja sva. pa. pU. AcArya zrI vijayaazokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja zrutopAsanA pa. pU. AcArya zrI vijayasomacaMdrasUrijI mahArAja sahayoga zrI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapagaccha jaina saMgha, muluMDa(pUrva), muMbaI. vimalanAtha jaina ArAdhaka saMgha, bANagaMgA, vAlakezvara, muMbaI. prakAzaka zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa (zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira) pAlItANA-amadAvAda-muMbai

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- - -- sahayoga dAtA zrI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapagaccha jaina saMgha, muluMDa(pUrva), muMbaI muluMDa(pUrva)mAM vi.saM. 204ramAM zrImavijaya kIrticaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.nI nizrAmAM jinaprasAda bilDIMga, jI. vI. skima roDa naM. 1 nAM trIje mALe gRhamaMdiranI pratiSThA karavAmAM Avela hatI. (mULanAyaka zrI sumatinAtha prabhu hatA.) tyArabAda vi.saM. 2059mAM yugadivAkara AcArya bhagavaMta zrI dharmasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA samudAyanA AcArya bhagavaMta zrI sUryodayasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nI nizrAmAM sAMIorneTa jaina sosAyaTI, ghAsaleTavALA kampAunDa, navaghara roDa, muluMDa(pUrva) khAte mULanAyaka zrI zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha prabhunI pratimA nI prANa pratiSThA temaja derAsaranI prabhu-pratimAne atre birAjamAna karela. zrI saMghe Aja sthaLe nAnA evA paNa ArAdhanA mATe khUba ja upayogI evA upAzrayanI sthApanA karela. vimalanAtha jaina ArAdhaka saMgha, bANagaMgA, vAlakezvara, muMbaI vAlakezvaranA eka khUNAmAM Avela bANagaMgA smazAnanI sAme madhyamavarganA jainonI vimala sosAyaTI Avela che. A sosAyaTInA grAunDa phaloramAM vimalanAtha prabhunuM suMdara gRhamaMdira AveluM che. pa. pU. AcArya hemacaMdrasUrIzvarajInI preraNAthI 22 varSa pUrve A gRhamaMdiranI sthApanA thayelI. tyArathI AjasudhImAM saMkhyAbaMdha puNyAtmAo darzana, pUjana, vaMdana karIne potAnA AtmAne nirmaLa karI rahyA che. zAsana samrATa zrI nemi-vijJAna-kastUra-caMdrodaya-azokacaMdrasUrI ma.sA., 5.pU. vijayasomacaMdrasUrIjI ma.sA.nI AjJAthI, jinazAsana zaNagAra gacchAdhipati pa.pU. AcArya mahArAjA zrImad vijayacaMdrodayasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA anaMta upakAranI puNyasmRtinimitte saM. 2061nI sAlanA paryuSaNa parvanI ArAdhanA prasaMge saMghe A prakAzanamAM sahayoga ApI lAbha lIdho che.

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jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga 7 kannaDa, tAmila tathA marAThI jaina sAhitya lekhaka 5. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI zrI TI. pI. mInAkSI sundaram pille DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara anuvAdaka DaoN. ramaNIka zAha zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa pAlItANA-amadAvAda-muMbaI

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsanI gujarAtI AvRttinA mAnada saMpAdako Do. nagIna zAha DaoN. ramaNIka zAha prakAzaka: zrI anilabhAI gAMdhI, menejIMga TrasTI, zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa, 110, mahAkAnta, vI.esa.hospITala pAse, amadAvAda-6. prakAzana varSa : gujarAtI AvRtti : prathama saMskaraNa vi. saM. 2063, I.sa.2007 mUlya rU. 250/ mudrAMkanaH mayaMka zAha, Igrezansa 215, golDa sauka komlekSa, sephAyara bilDIMganI pAchaLa, sI. jI. roDa, navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda-380 009. mudrakaH ke. bhIkhAlAla bhAvasAra mANibhadra prinTarsa 12, zAyonA esTeTa, dUdhezvara roDa, zAhIbAga, amadAvAda-380004.

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zrI. zakhezvara pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ghanaghora A kalikAlamAM, sAcA sahArA cho tame, ' nina-thanaka uttama-athama saune ugAro cho tame, mune ugArI lo, DubADI do kANAnAM jharaNAmAM, 'he bhIDabhaMjana pArzvaprabhu, rahejo sadA muja smaraNamAM zAsana samrATa zrI vijaya nemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUribhyo namaH zrI zvetAmbara mUrtipU8 tapAgaccha, na saMtha, muluMDa pUrva, muMbai

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zrI vimalanAthabhagavAna zAsana samrATa zrI vijaya nemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUribhyo namaH zrI vimalanAtha jaina ArAdhaka saMgha, bANagaMgA, vimala sosAyaTI, vAlakezvara, muMbaI

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zrI vimalanAthabhagavAnA zasana samrATa zrI vijaya nemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUribhyo namaH zrI vimalanAtha jaina ArAthaka saMgha, (bANagaMgA, vimala sosAyaTI, vAlakezvara, muMbaI

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jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa vAtsalyavAridhi paramapUjya AcAryadeva zAsanasamrA paramapUjya AcAryadeva ( zrI vijaya vijJAnasUrIzvarajI ma. sA. zrI vijaya nemisUrIzvarajI ma. sA. prAkRtavizArad paramapUjya AcAryadeva zrI vijaya kastUrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. 'manA thakI jaina dharma ane saMgha 'uttaLa che evA na nabhomaMDaLanA = pa. pU. AcArya tejasvI tAralAo... pa.pU. AcArya zrI vijayacaMdrodayasUrIzvarajI mahArAja zrI vijayaazokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI mahArAjA zrI 10 jeattIrthadazano zivAnanduay

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zubhAziSa jaina sAhityamA sAgamosa graMtha moDina ko yahA vahA~ vijayalA kaMvA bhagavA sAMlajapA pravecha. yAkyA sagalaga 38 varSa pahalA TesAI sAkSara vidhAnoyete bhojita DaoNna naudha rUpa thA mAyAmAM gUMthA sAjha samajha cha kuna sAhityakA julcha itihAsA nAma thA 1 thAu mAM hiMhI lAyA mAM prakAzita yahata. gururAtI pAyI pAsa pAga yA jadhA bhAgadvArI pahA~ye tathA zulA rAyA thI zrI 108 jaina tIrtha darzana lavana TrasTai hiMhI ani lAgonuM zubharAtI zrI zrI nagIna lAdha zataha tathA prA0ramADiga kulAI zAha pani darAMcI "jaina sAhityano julcha itihAsa" mag thAra prakAzita IzpA narNaya ya yAma tamanA yayA prayAsana aMtarathA sApArIya chAyA~ saba hai yathA zubhAziSa khAyalA bhAga pAya chAtra ke tarA yA prayAsa ne zukrAtI sAkSaro, vijJAM sukhI, pAyo AjakAthA padhAyazaH kama sAhityanA khanaDa viSa yA kI bAta dvArI majapI akSaranI upAsanA dvArA avazya manabhara bhejI tadhI zula ( Mizzr sI-khazaoNkapI ci-sa 2050 mahA-zu-13 juIpAra gopAsAyA muMbaMdha

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mukhapRSTha paranA citrano paricaya mukhapRSTha paranA citramAM "upAdhyAyajI" tarIke prasiddha vikramanI 18mI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhamAM thaI gayelA zrImadda yazovijayajInA jIvananA prasaMgonuM Alekhana che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane gujarAtI bhASAmAM 100 thI vadhu pustakonA racanArA, "laghuharibhadra", "dvitIya hemacaMdra", "kuryAla sarasvatI jevA birudothI zobhatA parama prabhAvaka mahAna dArzanikanavyanyAyavizArada upAdhyAya yazovijayajI gujarAtanA panotA putra hatA. pa5 varSanA dIrtha saMyama jIvana pachI vi. saM. 1743mAM DabhoImAM aMtima cArtumAsa daramyAna teo samAdhi maraNa pAmelA. prastuta citramAM 1. bAlavaye maLelI adbhuta smRti ane adhyayana 2. sarasvatInuM varadAna 3. banArasamAM brAhmaNa paMDito sAthe adhyayana ane 4. muslIma subA pAse 18 avadhAnano prayoga karatA upAdhyAyajInuM Alekhana thayela che.

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vividha bhASAomAM jaina lekhakonuM pradAna bhAratIya vAtmayane pUrvanA prAjJa jainAcAryoe samaye samaye potAnI pratibhAnA vaibhavathI samRddha banAvavA apUrva yogadAna Apela che. jema jema jaina dharma bhAratanA vividha pradezomAM prasarato gayo tema tema te te pradezanI bhASAomAM jaina sAhityanI racanA thavA lAgI. prAkRta ane saMskRtanI sAthe sAthe aneka prAdezika bhAratIya bhASAomAM A rIte jaina graMtho racAvA lAgyA. dakSiNa bhAratamAM mahArASTra, AMdhra, karNATaka, tAmilanADu, kerAlA vagere pradezomAM paNa jaina dharmano pracAra-prasAra thatAM te te pradezonI bhASAomAM paNa aneka graMtho racAyA. jaina sAhityanA bRhadu ItihAsa bhAga - 1 thI 6 dvArA ApaNe Agama ityAdi sAhityano paricaya karyo. A bhAga-7mAM dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAomAM racAyelA jaina sAhityano saMkSipta paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. temAM krame traNa vibhAgomAM kannaDa - (karNATakanI bhASA), tAmila (tAmilanADunI bhASA) ane marAThI (mahArASTra-vidarbhanI bhASA)nA jaina sAhityano paricaya che. (1) kannaDa jaina sAhityamAM AraMbhakALa, kavi paMpa Adino yuga, caMpU yuga ane papadIyuganA kavio ane temanI kRtiono paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. (2) tAmilabhASI pradezamAM jaina dharmanA ItihAsanI vigato ApI tAmila jaina sAhitya-jemAM zilappadhikAram, jIvakaciMtAmaNi, cUDAmaNi, zrIpurANa" jevA mahAkAvyono samAveza thAya che -no saMkSipta paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. (3) mahArASTra pradezamAM jaina dharmanA udbhava-vikAsanuM saMkSipta avalokana karI marAThI bhASAmAM lakhAyela jaina sAhityano paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che.

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parama pUjya moTA mahArAjazrI (pa.pU.AcArya zrI vijaya caMdrodayasUrIzvarajI ma. sA.) tathA parama pUjaya gurudevazrI (pa. pU. AcArya zrI vijaya azokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.) nI pAvana preraNAthI jaina sAhityanA ItihAsanA sAta bhAga uparAMta pramANamImAMsA ane jaina dharma-darzana maLI nava graMthonuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara karavAnuM nakkI thayeluM te pramANe zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTanA TrasTIone preraNA karI-menejIMga TrasTI zrI anilabhAI gAMdhIe pro. zrI ramaNIkabhAI zAha tathA pro. zrI nagInabhAI zAha pAse gujarAtI karAvyuM. judAjudA zrI saMghoe pUjayazrInI vAtane svIkArI saMpUrNa sahayoga Apyo. tenI phaLazrutirUpe A nave pustako gujarAtImAM prakAzita thaI gayA. baMne pUjayazrIonI hayAtI daramyAna bhAga 1, 2, 4, 6 tathA pramANamImAMsA ane jaina dharma-darzana prakAzita thaI cUkyA hatA. A daramyAna baMne pU. gurubhagavaMto kALadharma pAmyA. baMne gurubhagavaMto Aja ApaNI sAme sadehe birAjamAna nathI paraMtu temanI premALa preraNA bharI smRti ApaNI pAse che ane tenA sahAre temaNe soMpeluM kArya pUrNa karIne temane hRdayapUrvakanI aMjali ApuM chuM. e ja vi.saM. 2063, jeTha su.15, pa.pU.A. zrI vijaya caMdrodayasUrIzvarajI bhAvanagara. ma. nA gurubaMdhu pU.gurudeva(pa.pU.A.zrI vijaya azokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.)nA caraNakiMkara somacaMdra vi.

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prakAzakIya (gujarAtI AvRtti) zAsana samrAzrInemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA paTTadhara pa.pU AcArya bhagavaMtazrI vijaya caMdrodayasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. tathA pa.pU. AcAryazrI vijaya azokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA upadezathI sthapAyelI prasiddha jaina saMsthA zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa dvArA jaina dharma, saMskRti ane sAhityanA saMrakSaNa ane saMvardhananI anekavidha pravRttio cAlI rahI che. saMsthAe A pahelAM glorI opha jainIjhama, 108 tIrthadarzanAvali, esensa opha jainIjhama jevA vividha mahattvapUrNa graMthonuM prakAzana karela che. saMsthAe saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, gujarAtI ane aMgrejI jevI mahattvanI bhASAomAM aneka prakAranA jaina sAhityanA je graMtho prakAzita karela che tenI sUci A graMthanA aMte Apela che. te jotAM ja saMsthAnI prakAzana pravRttinuM mahattva jaNAI Avaze. bhagavAna mahAvIranI 26mI janma-zatAbdI prasaMge pUjya AcArya bhagavaMtoe jaina dharmanA vizvakoza jevA koI atyaMta mahattvapUrNa sAhityanA prakAzananI abhilASA vyakta karI. te samaye jaina vizvakozanA prakAzana aMge bhAratamAM ane bhArata bahAra keTalIka yojanAo banI, ame temAM sahakAra ApavA nirNaya karyo. paraMtu vAta AgaLa vadhI nahIM. jaina vizvakozanI AvI ja eka miTIMga vakhate jANItA jaina vidvAna DaoN. nagInabhAI zAhe sUcana karyu ke jaina vizvakoza hAla karI zakAya ke nahIM paraMtu eka moTuM kArya- jaina sAhityanA bRhad itihAsanuM-karavA jevuM che. zrI pArzvanAtha jaina zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI dvArA i.sa. 1966 thI 1981 daramyAna hindI bhASAmAM 7bhAgamAM lakhAyela "jaina sAhitya kAbRhad itihAsa" nA gujarAtI anuvAdanuM prakAzana karavAnI temaNe sUcanA karI. miTIMgamAM hAjara rahelA zrI pArzvanAtha jaina zodha saMsthAnanA pUrvaniyAmaka DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaine tarata ja A kArya karavAnI anumati ApI. pUjaya AcArya bhagavaMto sAthe A aMge vAta karatAM teoe atyaMta prasannatApUrvaka A kAryatatkALa hAtha dharavA sUcanA karI. saMsthAe anuvAdanI yojanA banAvI, gujarAtI

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(10) AvRttinA saMpAdana-anuvAdananuM kArya darzanazAstranA prakAMDa vidvAna anelA.da.bhAratIya vidyAmaMdiranA pUrvaniyAmaka DaoN. nagInabhAI zAha tathA prAkRta bhASA-sAhityanA jANItA vidvAna ane gujarAta yunivarsiTInA prAkRta-pAli vibhAganA pUrva-adhyakSa DaoN. 2maNIkabhAI zAhane soMpyu. A rIte pUjya AcArya bhagavaMtonA AzIrvAdathI jaina sAhityanA bRhad itihAsanA 7 bhAgonA anuvAdanuM kArya cAlu thayuM. bhAga 1, 2, 3, 4, 5ane 6nA gujarAtI anuvAda-graMtho uparAMta pramANamImAMsA tathA jaina dharma-darzana prasiddha thaI cUkyA che. A sAthe bhAga-7 "kannaDa, tAmila, marAThI sAhitya'" prakAzita thaI rahyo che. prastuta bhAga-7nA anuvAda mATe ame DaoN. ramaNIkabhAI zAhano AbhAra mAnIe chIe. A badhA bhAgono aMgrejI anuvAda paNa prakAzita karavAnI amArI bhAvanA che. amane atyaMta kheda che ke A prakAzana kArya pUrNa thAya te daramyAna pa.pU. AcAryazrI vijaya caMdrodayasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. tathA pa.pU. AcAryazrI vijaya azokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.kALadharma pAmyA. baMne AcArya bhagavaMto Aja ApaNI sAme sadehe birAjamAna nathI paraMtu temanI premALa preraNA bharI smRti ApaNI pAse che ane tenA sahAre pa.pU. AcAryazrI vijaya somacaMdrasUrIzvara ma.sA.nI rAhabarI taLe temaNe soMpelu kArya ApaNe pUruM karyuM che. baMne sva. AcArya bhagavaMtonA anaMta upakAranuM smaraNa karI A nava graMtho rUpI graMthamALA temane samarpaNa karatAM ame UMDo AhlAda anubhavIe chIe. zrI pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI tathA tenA pUrvaniyAmaka DaoN. sAgaramalajI jainano anuvAdanuM prakAzana karavAnI paravAnagI ApavA mATe AbhAra mAnIe chIe. bhAga-7nA prakAzanamAM Arthika sahayoga ApavA badala zrI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapagaccha saMgha,muluMDa(pUrva) muMbaI tathA vimalanAtha jaina ArAdhaka saMgha, bANagaMgA, vAlakezvara, muMbaIno AbhAra mAnIe chIe. uttama chApakAma mATe lesara imprezansavALA zrI mayaMka zAha tathA mANibhadra prinTarsavALA zrI kanubhAI bhAvasAra ane suMdara sacitra TAITala DijhAIna mATe kIMga imeja prA. lI.nA DAyarekTara zrI jIvaNabhAI vaDodariyAno AbhAra mAnIe chIe. tA. 1-6-2007 amadAvAda --anilabhAI gAMdhI, menejIMga TrasTI, zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa

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saMpAdakIya (gujarAtI AvRtti) bhagavAna mahAvI2nI 26mI janma zatAbdInA upalakSamAM zAsana samrAT zrInemivijJAna-kastUrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA paTTadhara 5.pU AcArya bhagavaMta zrI vijaya caMdrodayasUrIzvarajI ma.sA., pa.pU. AcArya zrIvijaya azokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nA upadezathI sthapAyelI prasiddha jaina saMsthA zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa dvArA jaina sAhitya viSayaka koI viziSTa prakAzana kArya hAtha dharavAnI icchA saMsthAnA menejIMga TrasTI zrI anilabhAI gAMdhIe vyakta karI tyAre ame temane zrI pArzvanAtha jaina zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI dvArA i.sa. 1966 thI 1981 daramyAna hindI bhASAmAM 7 bhAgamAM lakhAyela "jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa'" nA gujarAtI anuvAdanuM prakAzana karavAnI sUcanA karI. temaNe pUjya AcAryazrI sAthe maMtraNA karI anuvAdanI yojanA banAvI, gujarAtI AvRttinA saMpAdana-anuvAdananuM kArya amane soMpyu. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama graMthamAlA (kramAMka 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 20, 24)mAM sAta bhAgamAM prakAzita thayela "jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa"nA mAnad saMpAdako paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavANiyA ane DaoN. mohana lAla mehatA hatA. tenI bIjI AvRtti i. sa. 1989thI 1998 daramyAna prakAzita thaI hatI. tenA saMpAdaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina hatA. uparokta 7 bhAgono saMkSipta parIcaya ame prathama bhAgamAM Apyo che. bhAga-1,2, 3, 4, 5 ane 6no gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita thaI cUkyo che. A uparAMta A ja zreNImAM pramANamImAMsA tathA jaina dharma-darzana paNa prakAzita thaI cUkyA che. prastuta bhAga 7 'kannaDa, tAmila tathA marAThI sAhitya'"no anuvAda DaoN. ramaNIka zAhe karela che. A bhAganA mULa lekhaka paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI, zrI TI.pI.mInAkSI sundaram pille tathA DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara hatA. A mahAnubhAvonuM RNa svIkArI temanA pratye sAdara kRtajJatA jJApita karIe chIe. Adhunika bhAratIya sAhityamAM sanmAnapUrNa sthAna prApta karanAra prastuta

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graMtharAjano gujarAtI anuvAda gujarAtanA vizALa jaina ane jainetara samAjane jaina sAhityano sarvAMgapUrNa paricaya ApavA samartha che. (12) AvA mahattvapUrNa ane bRhatkAya graMthanuM prakAzana hAtha dharavA mATe preraka AcArya bhagavaMta zrI vijayacaMdrodayasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. tathA 5.pU. AcAryazrI vijayaazokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.no jaina samAja sadAkALa RNI raheze. baMne AcArya bhagavaMto kALadharma pAmatAM TUMkA samaya mATe prakAzana kArya vilaMbamAM paDyu hatu paraMtu 5.pU. AcAryazrI vijaya somacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA.nI pAvaka preraNA ane nizrAmAM bAkI rahela graMthonuM prakAzana kArya pUrNa karavAmAM AvyuM. pa.pU.AcAryazrI vijaya somacaMdrasUrIzvarajInA ame A badala RNI chIe. zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTanA TrasTIgaNano ane prakAzana kArya aMgenI saghaLI vyavasthA kALajIpUrvaka goThavI ApanAra menejIMga TrasTIzrI anilabhAI gAMdhIno ame hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. amadAvAda tA. 1-6-2007 nagIna zAha ramaNIka zAha (gujarAtI AvRttinA mAnada saMpAdako)

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viSaya-sUcI (a) kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa adhyAya 1 kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa zrIvardhadeva 8, durvinIta 8, zrI vijaya 8, nRpataMga 9; asaga 10, guNanandi 10, guNavarma 10, zivakoTyAcArya 11 adhyAya 2 paM5 yuga Adikavi paMpa 14, ponna 19, ponna 19, ratna 20, cAunDarAya 27, zrIdharAcArya 29, divAkaranandI 30, zAMtinAtha 31, nAgacandra 32, kaMti 39, nayasena 41, rAjAditya 46, kIrtivarma 47, brahmaziva 48, karNapArya 50, somanAtha 56, vRttavilAsa 57, nAgavarma 60 adhyAya 3 caMpU yuga nemicandra 62, boppaNa paMDita 65, aggala 66, baMdhuvarma 68, pArzva paMDita 69, janna 70, guNavarma dvitIya 74, kamalabhava 76, mahAbala 77, AMDaya 78, mallikArjuna 79, kezIrAja 79, nAgarAja 80, bAhubala ane madhura 81, maMgarAja athavA maMgarasa 81 adhyAya 4 SaTyadi ane sAMgatya yuga bhAskara 82, kalyANakIrti 82, vijayaNa 85, zizumAyaNa 85, maMgarasa 87, abhinavavAdi vidyAnanda 88, sAlva 88, doDDaya 89, bAhubali 89, guNacandra 89, bhaTTAkalaMka 90, dharaNi paMDita 91, devacandra 91 aitihAsika graMthonI sUcI tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa (ba) adhyAya 1 jaina dharma ane tAmila deza jaina nAmonAM tAmila rUpa 99, jaina dharmanI paraMparA 99, 1-96 1-12 13-62 63-81 82-91 9296 97-198 99-129

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(14) dakSiNamAM jaina dharmano praveza 100, AdikALa 101, kalabra 102, vajanandIno saMgha 103, tamila bhASI jainAcArya colonI pahelAM 104, colonA kALamAM 105 tolakAppiyam 108, pacchatti 113, tAmila vyAkaraNano vikAsa 125, tolakAppiyam ane jaina prabhAva 116, saMghakAlIna grantha 119, saMgha graMtho para jaina prabhAva 120, saMghakAlano nirNaya 121, tiruEraLa 123, tiruvalluvara ane jaina dharma 126, tirukrano upadeza 127 adhyAya 2 dharmagrantha 130-144 padineNakILu kaNaku (aDhAra dharmagrantha) 130, jaina dharmanA viziSTa graMtha arkala cepyuM ane ararisAram 132, patineNukILa kaNanA lakSaNa, nalaDinAnura ane paLamaoNLi nAnaH 135, cirupaMcamUlam ane elAdi 138, patineskrIna kaNakunI anya vizeSatAo 140, dhArmika ane naitika laghukathAo 142 adhyAya 3 kAppiyama (mahAkAvya) - 1 145-16 2 zilappadhikAranA racayitA 145, tenI kAvyakathA 145, zilappadhikAramUnuM nAmakaraNa 148, kavino sAmpradAyikapakSa 149, racanAkALa 151, maNimekhale 155, nIlakezI 157, vauyApati 159, peruM karthe 160 adhyAya 4 kAppiyam (mahAkAvya) - 2 163-185 jIvaka ciMtAmaNi 163, tenI kAvyakathA 163, vizeSatAo 165, racanAkALa 166, cULAmaNi 199, vizeSatAo 171, kathAvastu 171, laghukAvya-yazodhara kAvya 174, zAntipurANam ane nAradacaritai 176, merumandara purANam 176, jaina sAdhvI kavayitrIo 177, kuvastI 177, avva 178, anya 178, prabandhakAvya-kaligag paraNi 179, bhakti gItonI dhArA 181, anya jaina grantha 182

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(15) adhyAya 5 gadya graMtha, ilakkaNamunighaMTu vagere 186-200 gadya graMtha: zrIpurANam 186, nighaMTu graMtha : divAkaram 188, piMDalanda 189, cUDAmaNi nighaMTu 189, ilakkaNam 189, pATTiyala 190, yApparuMgalam (alaMkAragraMtha) 192, inapUraNar 193, neminAthar 194, aDiyAvarka nallAra 194, namUlu 195, nambi ahappoLa 195, nazcinAyirU 196, anya (aprApya) jaina grantha 197, upasaMhAra 197, ApaNuM dAyitva 198 (sa) marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 201-248 adhyAya 1 prAstAvika 201-206 mahArASTrapradeza ane jaina dharma 201, marAThI bhASAno uddabhava 201, marAThI jaina sAhityanuM adhyayana 203, marAThI jaina sAhityanuM vargIkaraNa 204, prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 204, Adhunika marAThI jaina sAhitya 205 207-234 adhyAya 2 prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo guNadAsa 207, guNakIrti 208, jinadAsa 209, megharAja 210, kAmarAja 210, sUrijana 211, nAgo AyA 211, guNanadi 211, abhayakIrti 212, vIradAsa (pAsakIrti) 212, dAmApaMDita 213, bhAnukIrti 214, dayAsAgara (dayAbhUSaNa) 214, cimanApaMDita 214, puNyasAgara 216, vizAlakIrti (prathama) 216, paMtasAbAjI 216, vizAlakIrti (dvitIya) 217, padmakIrti 217, rAya 217, ratnAsA 217, gaMgAdAsa 218, hemakIrti 218, makaraMda 219, mahIcandra 219, mahAkIrti 220, ciMtAmaNi 220, rAmakIrti 221, devendrakIrti 221, pusAgara (dvitIya) 221,

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(16) chatrasena 221, saTavA 222, nIbA 222, yAdavasuta 222, mANikanaMdi 223, jinasAgara223, lakSmIcandra 225, sayA 225, soyarA 225, dhamAsA 226, tA- paMDita 226, nyAhAla 227, ratana 227, dinAsA 227, vRSabha 227, devendrakIrtiziSya 227, anaMtakIrti 228, janArdana 228, bhImacandra 228, rAghava 228, kavIndrasevaka 229, bopa 230, mahatisAgara 230, dayAsAgara (dvitIya) 231, ratnakIrti 231, candrakIrti 232, nAgendrakIrti 232, dilasukha 232, mANika 233, jinasena 233, lakSmIsenaziSya 233, ThakAppA 233, tukujI 234, rAyA 234, keTalAka ajJAtakartaka graMtha 234, adhyAya 3 vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAro tathA temanI racanAo 235-248 seThahirAcaMda dozI 235, cavaDe baMdhu 236, kuSmAjI nArAyaNa jozI 236, nAnA rAmacandranAga 236, kallAkhA bharamAppA nidave 237, tAtyA neminAtha pAMgaLa 237, jIvarAja gautamacandra dozI 237, dattAtraya bhimAjI raNadive 238, rAvajI nemacanda zahA 239, tAtyA kezava copaDe 239, rAvajI sakhArAma dozI 239, jinadAsa pArzvanAtha phaDakule 240, kaMkubAI 241, AcArya zrI AnaMdaRSi jI 241, motIcaMda hirAcaMda gAMdhI 241, AbagoMDA bhujagauMDA pATIla 242, appAbhAI magadUma 242, zAMtinAtha yazavaMta nAnDe 24ra, sumera jaina 242, subhASa akkoLe 243, anya mahattvapUrNa racanAo 243, patrikAo 247, upasaMhAra 248

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prakaraNa 1 kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa kannaDamAM sAhitya-nirmANanuM kArya kyArathI zarU thayuM te kahevuM muzkela che. kannaDanA zilAlekho I.sa.nI chaThThI sadIthI ja maLe che. AnI pahelAMnA zilAlekho saMskRtaprAkRtamAM upalabdha thayA che. A zilAlekho gadyamAM che ane AkAramAM nAnA che. eka-be zilAlekha padyamAM maLyA che. I.sa.nI 9mI sadI arthAta paMDayuganA uttarakALanA kannaDanA zilAlekha gadya-padyanI kAvyazailIomAM upalabdha thayA che je AkAramAM paNa moTA che. rASTrakUTanareza nRpatuMga I.sa. 817thI 877 sudhI zAsana karatA rahyA. temano kavirAjamArga ja kannaDano prAcInatama upalabdha graMtha che. A graMthathI jANa thAya che ke kannaDa bhASAmAM madhuratA, kuMtala dezanA kopaNa tathA puligerenI bolInA saMparkathI AvI che. te samaye kannaDamAM beDe, carANa nAmanA kAvya-bheda ja hatA ane kannaDamAM gadya-padyanI zailIonA racanAkAra paNa hAjara hatA. kavirAjamArgamAM keTalAka kavionAM nAma maLe che ane udAharaNa rUpe keTalAMka uddharaNo paNa. AnAthI jaNAya che ke I.sa.nI 9mI sadInI pahelAM paNa kannaDamAM graMtho avazya racavAmAM AvyA hatA. paMpa, posa, ratra vagere jaina mahAkavio 10mI sadImAM thayA che. paraMtu temanI kRtionI pUrvavartI racanAo para koI prakAza nathI paDato. teo koI pUrvavartI racanAkArano ullekha paNa nathI karatA. mAtra ponna asaga nAmanA kavino ullekha kare che. paMpe khUba garvathI cokkasa kahyuM che ke mArI racanAonI tulanAmAM pUrvavartI kAvya nIrasa che. teNe AtmavizvAsa sAthe te paNa ghoSita karyuM che ke pahelAMno koI kavi mahAbhAratanuM ucita varNana karavA samartha thayo nathI. paMpa-praNIta vikramArjunavijayamAM mahAbhAratanAM samasta upAkhyAno varNita che, jyAre ranna-racita gadAyuddha eka upAkhyAna para ja AdhArita kAvya che. AthI ema anumAna karI zakAya che ke paMpa pUrva-yuganA kannaDamAM mahAbhAratanI kathA para AdhArita koI ullekhanIya kAvya nahotuM. paraMtu nUpatuMganA uddharaNothI evo niSkarSa nIkaLe che ke AraMbhika yugamAM koI rAma-kAvya cokkasa rahyuM haze. kannaDamAM IsunI chaThThI zatAbdI pahelAM na koI zilAlekha hato, na koI racanA

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa hatI ke na koI anya prakAranA lekho paNa hatA. ema kahevuM ya muzkela ja che ke nRpataMganI racanAomAM je kaviono ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che te AnAthI pUrvakALanA hatA ane te kALamAM potAnI kAvya-racanA karyA karatA hatA. temanI racanAo ghaNuMkharuM parimANa athavA guNanI dRSTie UMcA staranI nahIM hoya. daMDInA alaMkAragraMthanA AdhAre nRpatuMge kavirAjamArga lakhyo hato. temAM saMdeha nathI ke paMpanI racanAo paravartI kavio mATe Adarza kRtio siddha thaI. AthI kannaDanA Adikavi hovAnuM sammAna paMpane maLela che. bhASAnA vikAsanI dRSTie paNa A ja sthiti che. kahevAmAM Ave che ke draviDa parivArathI telugu pahelAM ja alaga thaI gaI. tamila, kannaDa ane malayAlama A traNe bhASAo keTalAka samaya sudhI sAthe hatI. pachIthI te paNa svataMtra thaI gaI ane potAnI alaga sattA banAvavA lAgI. lagabhaga I.sa.nI pAMcamIchaThThI sadImAM kannaDa bhASA svataMtra thaI haze ane kannaDa pradezanA rAjAo tene protsAhana ApavA lAgyA haze. paraMtu vidvAnono mata che ke IsunI pahelAM ja vanavAsimAM kannaDanuM koI rUpa avazya pracalita rahyuM haze. kahevAmAM Ave che ke bIjI sadInA eka yUnAnI nATakamAM kannaDa vAkyo upalabdha thAya che. paraMtu nRpataMga dvArA ApavAmAM Avela uddharaNothI paNa spaSTa che ke te yugamAM kannaDa bhASA aNaghaDa ja hatI. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kannaDa sAhitya prAraMbhathI ja saMskRta sAhityamAMthI preraNA grahaNa karatuM AvyuM che. kannaDa para saMskRta bhASAno prabhAva bhASA tathA sAhitya baMne dRSTie nirvivAda che. have e dhAraNA paNa puSTa thatI jaI rahI che ke lagabhaga chaThThI sadI pahelAM kannaDamAM graMtha-nirmANa nahi thayuM hoya. pataMganA zAsanakALa sudhI AvatAM-AvatAM saMskRta-sAhitya hAsonmukhI thaI gayuM hatuM. hA, te samaye mahAbhArata, bhAgavata, harivaMza, rAmAyaNa ane vibhinna purANo vagere graMtho suvikhyAta hatA. zikSita samAjamAM kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha, bhavabhUti, bhaTTanArAyaNa, bhartuhari, bANa ane subaMdhu jevA kavio tathA bharata, daMDI, vAmana vagere AlaMkAriko suparicita thaI gayA hatA. te yugamAM saMskRtanI preraNA ane protsAhanathI kannaDa bhASArUpI bAlikA bhAvabhaMgimAo sAthe nAcavA lAgI hatI. pataMga ane paMpanI dekharekhamAM te bAlikA uttarottara vadhI. temanI racanAomAM saMskRtanI bharamAra ja AnuM puSTa pramANa che. napataMga gadya zailI mATe bhANa-viracita harSacarita, kAdaMbarI vagerene Adarza batAve che. e ja rIte padya-zailI mATe te nArAyaNa, bhAravi, kAlidAsa

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kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa ane mAgha vagere saMskRta kavionAM nAmono gaurava sAthe ullekha kare che. saMskRta kaviono ullekha paMpanI racanAomAM nathI maLato. paraMtu zrIharSa, kAlidAsa, bhAravi, bANa, bhaTTanArAyaNa vagere saMskRta kavionA bhAva tathA zilpa paMpanI kRtiomAM daSTigocara thAya che. racanA-taMtramAM kAlidAsathI potAne so gaNo vadhArIvadhArIne kahevAmAM ponna saMkoca nathI karato. hA, ranne khUba namratAthI rAmAyaNa, mahAbhAratanA kavio ane padya-zailImAM kAlidAsa, gadyavidhAnamAM bANa vagere pratye abhinaMdana sAthe Adara paNa vyakta karyo che. AmAMthI e ja niSkarSa nIkaLe che ke AraMbhika kannaDa kavio saMskRtanA vikhyAta racanAkAronuM avazya anukaraNa karatA AvyA che. bhAva, rIti ane vastu uparAMta kannaDa kavioe saMskRtanA chaMda paNa apanAvyA hatA. rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, raghuvaMza ane Itara nATako vagere saMskRtanI zreSTha racanAomAM anurupu, IndravajA, vaMzastha, mAlinI ane Aya khUba lokapriya chaMda hatA. nRpatuMga, nAgavarma ane kezirAje je uddharaNo ApyAM che, tenA AdhAre pUrvokta niSkarSa kADhI zakAya che. varNavattomAM aneka prayoga karyA pachI temane kannaDanI prakRtine anukULa na jotAM kavioe temano parityAga karI, kaMda,"caMpaka mAlA,SaTrapadi vagereno prayoga zarU karyo haze. kALAMtare jyAre saMskRtamAM caMpUzailI lokapriya thaI to kannaDanA jaina kavioe paNa te kAvyaprakAra khUba apanAvyo. saMskRtanI kAvyaparaMparAthI anuprANita thaIne kannaDa kALe sunizcita rUpa dhAraNa karatAM pahelAM kannaDa pradezamAM saMskRta bhASA dvArA pracArita sabhyatA tathA saMskRtino prabhAva ocho nahoto. A prabhAva Isu pahelAMnI trIjI sadIthI ja jovAmAM Ave che. citradurganI AsapAsa upalabdha azokakAlIna prAkRta abhilekho ja AnuM sudaDha pramANa che. AraMbhamAM saMskRta tathA prAkRta rAjyAzrita bhASAo hatI. dhIre-dhIre A gaurava dezI-bhASAone prApta thayuM. kannaDane paNa kAvyopayogI mAnavAmAM AvI. azokanA A abhilekha brAhmI-lipimAM che. A ja brAhmImAMthI kannaDa lipino vikAsa thayo haze. kannaDamAM prAkRtanI padAvalio yatheSTa che. vaiyAkaraNonA kathanAnusAra A pado saMskRtamAMthI apabhraMzanI avasthA prApta karatAM pahelAMnA che. A padono vikAsa dharma, darzana, sabhyatA ane ItihAsa vagere sAthe saMbaddha hato. 1. kannaDano potAno chaMda.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kannaDa pradezamAM brAhmaNa, jaina ane bauddha dharma mukhya hatA. hA, zarUAtamAM brAhmaNoe dharma-pracAra karavA mATe dezI bhASAno vyavahAra na karyo. temanuM kArya saMskRtamAM ja cAlatuM rahyuM. bauddhoe dezI bhASAno vyavahAra karyo haze. paraMtu te yugamAM prAkRtano ja sarvAdhika pracAra hato. kannaDamAM bauddhoe kaMI lakhyuM hatuM ke nahi, tenuM koI pramANa upalabdha nathI thatuM. jo temaNe kannaDamAM kaMI lakhyuM paNa hoya to 8mI-9mI sadI sudhImAM bauddha dharma dakSiNamAM luptaprAya thaI javAne kAraNe, temanA vihAro sAthe A racanAo paNa kAlakavalita thaI haze. Aje upalabdha sAmagrInA AdhAre ApaNe eTaluM nisaMdeha kahI zakIe ke jaina dharma-saMbaMdhI sAhitya kannaDamAM pracura pramANamAM upalabdha che. AraMbhamAM A graMthonuM rUpa vIrazaivadharmakAlIna vacanazailImAM rahyuM haze jemAM siddhAMta nirUpaNa tathA darzana saMbaMdhI vyAkhyAne mahattvapUrNa sthAna maLyuM hatuM. te samaye tIrthakaronI kathAo ane purANa puruSonAM jIvanacaritro caritakAvyanI zailImAM racavAmAM AvyA haze. kannaDa jaina kavioe rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ane harivaMzanuM varNana jaina saMpradAya anusAra ja karyuM che. vidvAnono mata che ke prathamathI AThamI sadI sudhI jainAcAryoe zAstrArthamAM anya dharmAvalaMbIone parAjita karI rAjAo dvArA vizeSa rUpathI sammAna prApta karyuM hatuM. samaMtabhadra, kavi parameSTi, pUjyapAda, akalaMka vagere aneka AcAryo evA che ke jemanuM guNagAna jaina kavioe muktakaMThe karyuM che. duHkhanI vAta che ke temanI koI racanA Aja sudhI kannaDamAM jovAmAM nathI AvatI. saMkSepamAM eTaluM ja kahI zakAya ke IsunI chaThThI-sAtamI sadI sudhI kannaDa pradezamAM saMskRtano ja pracAra hato ane saMskRtamAM ja dharmanA upadezanuM kArya thatuM rahyuM. ItihAsa, purANa, kathAvRttamAM ja upalabdha hatA. AraMbhamAM saMskRta ane prAkRtanI padAvalIothI dezI-bhASAne cetanA-saMpanna banAvavAmAM AvI hatI. A taiyArI pUrI thatAM ja kannaDamAM kAvya-nirmANano AraMbha thayo. have te prazna UThI zake ke saMskRta sAhityanA pracAranI pahelAM dakSiNa bhAratamAM arthAtu dakSiNanA nivAsIomAM zuM kavi-pratibhA ja nahotI? te prAcInatama kALamAM bhale bhASA eka ja rahI hoya athavA cAra-pAMca, paraMtu janatAmAM sabhyatAno pracAra cokkasa thayo hato. AnA mATe ItihAsakAro vipula pramANo upasthita kare che. A yugamAM kannaDa mAtra lokabolI nahIM rahI hoya paraMtu temAM kAvya-racanA paNa thatI rahI haze. hoI zake ke tenuM maukhika svarUpa ja rahyuM hoya, lekhita rUpe kaMI paNa prApta na thatuM hoya. zakya che ke te smRti-paraMparAmAM surakSita paNa rahetuM

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kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa AvyuM hoya, paraMtu dhIre dhIre uttama sAhityano prabhAva chavAI javAthI dezIbhASAnI kavitAnuM astitva lupta thaI gayuM hoya. A mAtra kannaDanI ja vAta nathI, anya keTalIya bhASAonAM Adima rUpanI paNa A ja sthiti dekhAI rahI che. kannaDamAM AraMbhamAM laghu racanAo ja banI haze ane padya-zailImAM ja temanuM nirmANa thayuM haze. kannaDa kSetramAM ukhANAM, laNaNI, madyapAna, vivAha ane mRtyu vagere viSayo para aneka lokagIto Aje paNa upalabdha che. lokagItomAM yuddhanuM ane kalahanuM paNa varNana thatuM hatuM. temAM rocaka tathA prasaMgocita laghukathAo paNa rahI che. temAMthI ja A yuganI kavitA mATe sAmagrI sulabha thaI haze. Aje samAjamAM pracalita lokagIto prAcIna lokagItonA mArga para cAlI nIkaLyA haze. strIo dhAnya kUTatI vakhate A gIto gAyA karatI hatI. hA, A gItonA racayitA kAvyanA lakSaNothI jarUra aparicita hatA. AvA lokone zAstrIya paraMparAnA anuyAyIo duSkavi kahetA hatA ane temanI upekSA ja karatA hatA. ahaMmanya kavionA hAsa-parihAsanA pariNAma svarUpa A lokagIto upekSita thaI gayA ane temanuM astitva na rahI zakyuM. hA, temanA astitvanAM pramANa cokkasa rahI gayA. kavio saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM ja nahi, draviDa dezIbhASAomAM paNa kAvya-nirmANa karyA karatA hatAM. temanA rUpa, bhAva ane baMdha svataMtra rahetA hatA. zikSita samAjamAM te samaye dharma sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAra graMtha, AkhyAna vagere ja pracalita hatA. paraMtu janatAmAM, vizeSa karIne strIomAM, dezI-bhASAonA chaMdomAM upalabdha racanAo ja lokapriya hatI. dhIre-dhIre lokabhASAonA A namUnA ziSTa sAhityanA lakSaNa graMthomAM paNa svIkRta thatA gayA. lakSaNakAro anusAra dezI, mArgInA bhedano A ja AdhAra pratIta thAya che. jaina sAhityanI apekSAe jyAre vIrazaiva sAhityano pracAra vadhavA lAgyo tyAre A vIrazaiva kavioe A ja dezI chaMdono prayoga karyo ane temane sAhityika gaurava prApta thayuM. nAgavarmaracita chaMdombudhimAM A chaMdo saMskRtanA chaMdo dvArA varNavAyelA maLe che. brahma, viSNu ane rudra A traNa akSaro vaDe temanuM nirmANa thayuM che. AmAM prAsano nirvAha to thayo che, paraMtu yatino koI niyama nathI rahyo. dvipadI, tripadI, caupadI, akkaragItikA (akSaragItikA), eLe, SaTsadI', vagere A ja koTinA 1. 5 kannaDanA chaMda.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa chaMda che. tAla tathA laya anusAra te gAI zakAya che. temanA prabhAvathI prAkRtanA chaMdo dvArA prApta kaMda, ragaLe kannaDanI prakRtine anukULa lAgyA. A mAtrAgaNavALA ane geya che. AthI saMskRta ane prAkRta pAsethI vArasAmAM maLela padyavRtto para paNa temano paryApta prabhAva paDyo che. prAsano nirvAha tathA yatibhaMga temanAM sAdhAraNa lakSaNa thaI gayA hatA. keTalAya zilAlekha A chaMdamAM maLyA che. lagabhaga 700 I.sa.mAM racita bAdAmInA zilAlekha tripadImAM che. sAdhuge sAdhu mAdhuryage mAdhurya bAdhippa kalige kaliyuga viparItaM mAdhavanItan peranalla // (sAdhu mATe sAdhu, madhura mATe madhura, satAvanAra kali mATe kaliyugano parama virodhI A mAdhava asAdhAraNa che.). kaTTida siMdhaman keTTode, nemagendu biTTabol kalige viparItaMgahitarkaLa keTTara meNa sattaravicAraM // (baMdhanamAM paDelAM siMhane koI evA vicArathI baMdhanamukta karI de, ke potAnuM to AnAthI koI nukazAna nathI. hA, tenI upekSA karo to tenAthI bIjAnuM khUba ahita thavuM nizcita che. bIjAne mRtyumukhamAM javuM paDe che.) zravaNabelagoLamAM I.sa.94ramAM utkIrNa zilAlekha A pramANe akkarachaMdamAM olagaM dakSiNasukaraduSkaramaM poragaNa sukaraduSkarabhedamaM oLage vAmadaviSamamanalliya viSamaduSkaramaninnadaraporaga / ggalikeyenipati viSamamanadarati viSamaduSkaramevaduSkaraM eLeyoLone cArisal ballaM nAlkuprakaraNamanindrarAjaM // (mananI aMdara anukULa saraLa ane jaTila che, bahAra paNa saraLa ane jaTilano bheda che. aMdara pratikULa viSamatA che. tenI bahAra viSama jaTilatA paNa che. temanI upara viSamatara ane viSamatama jaTilatA che. A cAre avasthAone AdimAM ja rokanAra ekamAtra samartha vyakti che IndrarAja.). 1. kannaDanA chaMda,

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kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa nRpataMge anuSTupnuM je uddharaNa ApyuM che temAM prAsano nirvAha che tArA jAnakiyaM pogi tArA taraLanetreyaM / tArAdhipatitejasvI tAralivinolyA | 2.18 // peranAvaM dharAcaka kreyaM keLeyappavaM / nereyAreNeyeMbanaM kuritabdha bannamaM // (jAnakIne sAthe bolAvI laI jAva. caMcala netravALIne sAthe laI jAva. candramA samAna tejasvI vijayano saMdeza lAvo. dharitrI mATe bIjuM koNa moTuM che ? koNa sAthI che ? koNa sahAro che ? koNa barAbara che ?.....) - paMpanA samaya sudhI anuSTup jevA vRtto luptaprAya thaI gayA hatA. te samaye vRtta ane kaMda baMnene mukhya mAnavAmAM AvatA hatA. caMpUkAvyomAM A chaMdo yojAyelA maLe che, paraMtu bhAgye ja. gIta, AkheTa, nagaravarNana, strIvarNana, vivAha ane gIta vagere mATe tripadI, akkara ane ragaLeno ja prayoga thato rahyo. caMpU ane carita vagere kAvyomAM lokagItonI dhunono samAveza thayo, jemane saMskRtanA lakSaNa graMthomAM koI sthAna maLyuM nathI. A vistRta vivecanano e ja Azaya che ke lagabhaga I.sa. chaThThI-sAtamI sadI sudhI kannaDa pradezamAM saMskRtamAM varNita dharma, sabhyatA tathA sAhityano pracAra hato. AnAthI kannaDa bhASA paripuSTa thavA lAgI tathA temAM kavitA racAvA lAgI. AraMbhamAM saMskRtano prabhAva vyApaka hato. te samaye paNa loka bhASAmAM dezI chaMdomAM racanAo avazya thaI haze, paraMtu te Aje upalabdha nathI. banI zake ke te yuganA graMthomAM te lokagIto chAyA rUpe rahIne vIrazaiva sAhityakAronI kRpAthI punarujjIvita thayAM hoya. lagabhaga sAtamI sadIthI dasamI sadInI vacce upalabdha graMtho para zilAlekhonA AdhAre kannaDa sAhityanI aitihAsika rUparekhA nIce pramANe ApI kAya - zilAlekho tathA bhaTTAkalaMka ane devacandra anusAra, zrIvardhadeva ane nRpataMga anusAra, durvinIta, zrIvijaya, kezirAja, mallikArjuna ane vidyAnaMda anusAra; zrIvijaya, asaga, guNanaMdi ane guNavarmane A yuganA mukhya kavio mAnavAmAM

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa Ave che. A badhA jaina-dharmAvalaMbI hatA. temanI kRtio be rUpe maLe che - siddhAntapratipAdaka tathA tIrthakaravRttAtmaka. tatkAlIna racanAonAM avalokanathI napataMgane temAM je truTio dekhAI, temane dUra karI paravartI kavionuM mArgadarzana karavA mATe teNe "kavirAjamArga' nAmaka lakSaNagraMtha racyo haze. pratyeka jaina kavino saMkSipta paricaya nIce ApavAmAM AvI rahyo che - zrIvardhadeva (lagabhaga 650 I.sa.) nRpatuMge Ano ullekha nathI karyo. paraMtu I.sa.1129mAM utkIrNa zravaNabelagoLanA 67mA zilAlekhamAM ullekha che ke temaNe cUDAmaNikAvya racyuM hatuM ane daMDIe temanuM guNagAna karyuM hatuM. kavi daMDI sAtamI sadImAM thayA hatA. AthI teo paNa te samayanA hoya tema jaNAya che. bhaTTAraka akaleke (1904 I.sa.) kannaDanA mahimAnuM varNana karatAM A grantha saMbaMdhe kahyuM che ke "cUDAmaNi' tattvArtha mahAzAstranI vyAkhyA che ane tenA racayitA 96 hajAra graMthonA nirmAtA che. devacandra (1830 I.sa.) lakhe che ke tuMbalUra nAmaka AcArya 24 hajara graMthonA racayitA che ane temaNe kannaDamAM cUDAmaNinI vyAkhyA paNa lakhI che. cAmuMDarAye (978 I.sa.) taMbulUrAcArya nAmaka gurunuM stavana karyuM che. hA, e vAtanuM nizcita pramANa nathI ke cUDAmaNi-kAvya ane cUDAmaNi-vyAkhyA eka ja graMtha che ke alaga-alaga. durvinIta, zrIvijaya nRpatuMga anusAra vimalodaya, nAgArjuna, jayabaMdhu, durvinIta, zrIvijaya ane kavIzvara vagere kannaDanA keTalAka kavi thayA che. A badhA jaina ja hovAnuM jaNAya che. abhilekhothI vidita thAya che ke duvirtIta gaMgarAja hatA. durvinIta sAtamI sadInA AraMbhe jIvita hatA ane temanA darabAramAM keTalAka samaya sudhI kavi bhAravi rahyA hatA. bhAravi-racita kirAtArjunIyanA 15mA sarganI vyAkhyA durvinIte ja karI che. zrIvijayano ullekha kezirAje paNa karyo che. durgasiMhe (1145 I.sa.) zrIvijayanI kavitAne kavio mATe darpaNa tathA dIpaka batAvI che. maMgarasa (1508 I.sa.) ane dogya (1550 I.sa.lagabhaga) A baMnenuM kahevuM che ke zrIvijaye candraprabhapurANa" caMpUzailImAM lakhyuM che. keTalAka vidvAnonuM ema paNa anumAna che. ke zrIvijaye ja nRpatuMganA upanAmathI kavirAjamArganuM praNayana karyuM hatuM.

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kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa nRpataMga (814-877 I.sa.) te rASTrakUTavaMzanA rAjA hatA. mAnyakheTa temanI rAjadhAnI hatI. amoghavarSa ane atizayadhavala nRpataMganI upAdhio hatI. saMskRtanA 'AdipurANa'nA raciyatA jinasena temanA pUjya guru hatA. 'praznottararatnamAlikA'' nAmaka saMskRta graMthamAM temaNe lakhyuM che ke virakta thaI, meM svayaM rAjyano parityAga karyo che. kavirAjamArga temano lakSaNagraMtha che. temAM doSAdoSAnuvarNananirNaya,zabdAlaMkAra tathA arthAlaMkAra nAmanA traNa pariccheda che. pratyeka paricchedamAM aMte 'nRpataMgadevAnumata' aMkita che. Azcarya che ke AmAM 'kRtam' na hotAM 'anumatam' che. paricchedanA aMtima padyamAM 'zrIvijayaprabhUtam' lakheluM maLe che. sAthe sAthe ja graMthanA aMte 'nRpataMganA sabhAsada dvArA kathitakAvyam' kahyuM che. A ja kAraNosara vidvAnoe anumAna karyuM che ke zrIvijaya nRpataMganA sabhAsada hatA ane temaNe ja nRpataMganA nAme A graMtha lakhyo haze. keTalAka lokono ema paNa mata che ke kavirAjamArganA racayitA zrIvijaya nahi, paraMtu kavIzvara che. 9 nAgavarma ane bhaTTAraka akalaMka A baMnenI mAnyatA che ke nRpataMga ja kavirAjamArganA praNetA che. jo graMtha zrIvijaya athavA kavIzvara dvArA nirmita hota to spaSTa rUpe potAnA ja nAma 'parama zrIvijaya' ke 'kavIzvara' ApavAmAM koI Apatti to hatI nahi. saMskRtamAM nRpataMga-praNIta eka graMtha che paNa. kavirAjamArga maulika graMtha nathI, daMDInA graMthanuM kannaDa rUpAMtara che. daMDInI mAnyatAo sAthe sahamata hovAne nAte graMthamAM 'anumatam' lakhyuM haze. nahi to teo 'kRtam'no ja prayoga karI zakata. A ja kAraNosara kavirAjamArganA raciyatA nRpataMga ja gaNAya che, zrIvijaya ke kavIzvara nahi. A graMthamAM alaMkArazAstranuM nirUpaNa to thayuM ja che, sAthe sAthe ja te yuganI kannaDanA saMbaMdhamAM je tathyo ahIM upalabdha thAya che, te sAhityanA ItihAsakAranI dRSTie ochAM mahattvapUrNa nathI. AmAM kannaDa bhASAnI bhaugolika sImA vize ullekha che 'kannaDa pradeza kAverIthI godAvarI sudhI phelAyelo che.' AnAthI spaSTa 1. vizeSa jIjJAsu 'vIravANI' varSa 22, aMka 13-14, (jayapura)thI prakAzita mAro lekha jue.

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10 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che ke te yugamAM mahArASTrIya bhASAe kannaDane vadhAre dakSiNa tarapha dhakelI nahotI. I.sa.nI 17mI sadInA kavi naMjuo A padanI vyAkhyA A mujaba karI che - "kAverIthI godAvarI sudhI vasudhAtalamAM phelAyela kannaDa janapada (karNATaka janapada) varNanAtIta che.' kavirAjamArgamAM kannaDa janapadano madhyavartI bhAga arthAt paTTakalsa koghala, labhezvara vagerene zuddha kannaDa pradeza mAnavAmAM Avyo che. A ja rIte kannaDa bhASAbhASIone sUkSma buddhisaMpanna tathA kAvyagata doSone oLakhavAmAM tINamati kahevAmAM AvyA che. sAthe sAthe ja temAM kannaDa bhASAnA uttara-dakSiNa be bheda paNa batAvavAmAM AvyA che. udAharaNa svarUpa temAM alaga-alaga zabdabheda paNa nirUpita che. bedaMDe tathA cattANa nAmanI dvividha padyazailIono paNa ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che. kaMda, vRtta ke eka-eka jAtinA nAma badaDe tathA keTalAka kaMda, vRtta, akSara, caupadI, gItikA ane tripadI vagerenuM nAma cattANa kahevAmAM AvyuM che. kavirAjamArganI bhASA jUnI kannaDa che. kaMda ja AmAM prayukta mukhya chaMda che. AmAM gItikA ane saMskRtanA varNavRttono prayoga virala che ane pratyeka paricchedanA aMte gadyano vyavahAra parilakSita thAya che. kannaDano Adya graMtha kavirAjamArga kannaDa sAhityanA ItihAsanI nAMdI banIne AgaLanI kannaDa paraMparAnA dheryotsAha mATe Akara thayo. vastutaH A graMtha kannaDa bhASA-bhASIo mATe gauravanI vastu che. AmAM tatkAlIna kannaDa bhASAbhASIono paricaya khUba ja suMdara rIte ApavAmAM Avyo che. koI paNa bhASAmAM eka lakSaNa graMtha racavAmAM AvatAM pahelAM te bhASAmAM acAnya graMtho racavAmAM AvyA hovAnuM paNa sarvathA anivArya che. A niyamAnusAra nRpatuMge potAnI bahumUlya kRtimAM potAnAthI pahelAMnA aneka kavionAM mAtra nAma ja nathI ApyA, paraMtu te pUrva kavionAM padya paNa uddhata karyA che. asaga, guNanaMdi ane guNavarma kezirAjanA vyAkaraNamAM A kaviono ullekha maLe che. ponna kavinuM kathana che ke asaga kannaDa kaviomAM so gaNA pratibhAzALI hatA. guNanaMdi ane guNavarmano kALa I.sa.900 mAnavAmAM Avyo che. nRpatuMge A kaviono ullekha nathI karyo, AthI te paravartIkALanA pratIta thAya che. mallikArjune potAnA "sUktisudhArNavamAM kahyuM che ke guNanaMdinAM udAharaNa mArA A graMthamAM ApavAmAM Ave che. guNavarma nAmanA be vyakti mAnavAmAM AvyA che. janna kavi (1209)e eka guNavarmanuM

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kannaDa sAhityano AraMbhakALa tathA nayasene (1212 I.sa.) bIja guNavarmanuM guNagAna karyuM che. ahIM guNavarma prathama (900 I.sa.)nuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. kezirAje guNavarmane "harivaMza'nA racayitA mAnyA che. A ja graMthane pArthe neminAthapurANa" kahela che. "bhuvanakavIra' temano bIjo graMtha che. vidyAnaMdanA kAvyasAramAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke "zUdraka' nAmaka graMtha paNa temano ja che. AmAM gaMgarAja ereyaL (886-913 I.sa.)nI tulanA zUdraka sAthe karavAmAM AvI che. gaMgarAjanI mahendrAMtaka, kAmada vagere upAdhio hatI. e ullekhanIya che ke potAnA AzrayadAtAnA guNagAnamAM pratyeka jaina kavi eka laukika kAvya ane tIrthakaronA jIvanacaritra sAthe saMbaddha bIjuM dhArmika kAvya prAya: lakhato Avyo che. A paraMparAnA pravartaka guNavarmane mAnavAmAM Ave che. paravartI kavi paMpa, ponna ane rAtre A ja paddhati apanAvI che. paMpanI pahelAM ja kannaDamAM caMpU zailImAM saphaLa graMtha racavAnuM zreya guNavarmane maLe che. ziva koTyAcArya paMpanI pahelAM zivakoTyAcAryanuM nAma Ave che. teo "vArAdhane'nA racayitA che. kannaDa sAhityanI A asAdhAraNa racanA mAnavAmAM AvI che. kannaDanuM prathama gadyakAvya A ja che. AmAM 29 manoraMjaka vArtAo che. pratyeka vArtAnA AraMbhe eka prAkRta gAhA (gAthA) che. papadI kAvyomAM sUcaka padyanI jema A gAhA vArtAno sAra batAvI de che. A gAhAono kannaDamAM artha ApavA sAthe kavi kAvya zarU kare che. temanI varNana zailI khUba rocaka ane manane mohI lenArI che. padayojanA paNa ajoDa che. saMvAda-zailI ghaDAyelI che ane te vArtAnI gati vadhAravAmAM saphaLa che. kAvyanI sarasa, sattvapUrNa dezI zailI zivakoTyAcAryanI pratibhAne pratibiMbita kare che. prAdhyApaka DI. ela. narasiMhAcAryajInuM kahevuM che ke vaDArAdhanenuM bIjuM nAma "upasarga kevalionI kathA" rahyuM che. pratyeka vArtAno nAyaka koIne koI upasargane kAraNe deha tyajIne svargamAM pahoMce che. vArtAmAM A ja vRtta hovAthI A nAma sArthaka thayuM che. saMllekhanAdrata dvArA samAdhine prApta karanAra mATe A kathAo virakti jagADavAmAM pUrNa sahAyaka che. eTaluM ja nahi, A racanAmAM te yuganI bhASA

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa zailInA suMdara namUnA paNa maLI jAya che. kannaDa sAhityano A mahattvapUrNa graMtha potAnA yuganuM sAMskRtika jIvana citrita karavAmAM paNa saphaLa thayo che. "kavirAjamArgamAM A anupama kRtino ullekha nathI. AthI ema anumAna karavAmAM Ave che ke papapUrva yugamAM arthAt sat 920-930 I.sa.nI AsapAsa AnuM praNayana thayuM haze. AmAM jUnI kannaDano prayoga sahaja tathA suMdara rIte motIjevAM pado dvArA vyakta karavAmAM karavAmAM Avyo che. saMkSepamAM A ja paMpUrvayuganA jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che.

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prakaraNa 2 paMpayuga A yuganA sAhityamAM varNita janajIvana ucca varga sudhI sImita hatuM. rAjadarabAra athavA kyAMka-kyAMka sainikonuM jIvana paNa ahIM aMkita maLe che. A yuganI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika tathA dhArmika paristhitio paNa prauDha racanAonA nirmANa mATe preraka siddha thaI. IsunI dasamI sadInA pUrvAddhamAM rASTrakUTa vaMzanA rAjAo zaktizALI thayA. A sadInA aMta sudhI teo utkarSa pAmatA gayA. ekAeka temano vaibhava lupta thaI gayo. hA, velavADanA cAlukya tathA dakSiNanA gaMga vaMzanA rAjAo barAbara rASTrakUTa rAjaonI sahAya karatA rahyA. IsunI agIyAramI sadImAM kalyANImAM cAlukya prabaLa thayA. cola vaMza sAthe temano saMgharSa barAbara cAlu rahyo. colonA pratApane kAraNe gaMgarAjyanuM patana thaI gayuM. ekalA cAlukya rAjyakuLa para karNATakanI rakSAno bhAra AvI paDyo. rAjakuLanI ApasanI phUTane kAraNe A vaMza keTalAka samaya sudhI durbala avazya hato, paraMtu jyAre vikramAditya chaThTho potAnA bhAIne keda karI I.sa.1076mAM gAdI para virAjamAna thayo, tyArathI karNATakanuM bhAgya pharI camakavA lAgyuM. te eka pachI eka keTalAya yuddhamAM vijayI thayo. sAthe sAthe ja karNATakanuM sAmrAjya vistRta thavA lAgyuM. tyAra pachI cAlukya vaMzano vaibhava ghaTavA lAgyo ane bAramI sadInA aMta sudhI hoysala sAmrAjyano pAyo nakhAtAM ja cAlukyo lupta thaI gayA. karNATakamAM rAjanaitika paristhitine anurUpa zastrAstrono jhaMkAra paNa saMbhaLAvA lAgyo. yuddhanuM nAma sAMbhaLatAM ja saMbhavataH jana jananI bhujAo thanaganI UThatI haze. te samaye nagara tathA gAmanI rakSA mATe, strIonI lAja bacAvavA mATe, prANIonI rakSA mATe prANa tyAgavAno saMkalpa loko sAnaMda karatA hatA. vIronI agaNita smAraka-zilAo(pALiyA) ja AnuM jvalaMta pramANa che. A zilAo karNATakamAM sarvatra maLe che. vIronI evI dhAraNA thaI gaI hatI ke yuddhamAM prANa tyAgavAthI svarga maLaze. A dhAraNA te yuganA zUravIra zAsakonA protsAhanathI vadhAre dRDha thaI gaI hatI. te yuganA kavio kalama calAvavAmAM ja nahi, talavAra calAvavAmAM paNa pravINa hatA. kavio mahAkavio ja nahotA, moTA raNakuzala paNa hatA. nAgavarma, cAmuMDarAya vagere paNa khUba pratApI hatA. eTalA mATe ja A yuga kannaDa sAhityano "vIrayuga' paNa kahevAya che.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa te yuganI dhArmika paristhiti paNa khUba avyavasthita hatI. karNATakamAM te samaye vaidika ane jaina A be ja saMpradAyonuM prabhutva hatuM. A yuganA karNATakanA zAsako adhikAMza vaidika saMpradAyanA anuyAyI hatA, paraMtu temaNe jaina-dharmane paNa protsAhita karyo. dharmanA nAme kyAMya paNa vera-virodha dekhAto na hato. dakSiNamAM gaMgavaMzanuM vizeSa prabhutva hatuM. tenA zAsako jaina-dharmAvalaMbI hatA ane teo tenI pragatimAM vizeSa rasa letA hatA. dasamI sadInA aMte cAmuMDarAye zravaNabelagolamAM gommaTezvaranI ajoDa pratimA pratiSThApita karI ane dhArmika tathA kalA jagatamAM temaNe amaratva prApta karyuM. agIyAramI sadInA AraMbha sAthe dharma-saMpradAyonI vacce kaTutA vadhatI gaI. colavaMzanA pratApanI sAme gaMgavaMzanuM prabhutva nisteja thayuM. jaina-dharmano DrAsa paNa anivArya jevo thaI gayo. paraMtu cAlukyavaMzanA pauruSane kAraNe cola kaMIka dabAyelA rahyA ane jaina dharma lupta thavAthI bacI gayo. paraMtu temAM pahelAM jevI kAMti na rahI. phaLasvarUpa bAramI sadImAM jaina sAhitya paNa tarka-bahula ane zAstrArthapradhAna thaI gayuM. 14 A yuganA adhikAMza kavio jaina hatA. AmAM paraMparAgata prauDha zailInA prabaMdha mahAkAvyo ja lakhavAmAM AvyA. temane mArga zailInAM kAvya paNa kahe che. caMpU A yuganuM pradhAna kAvyasvarUpa hovAthI A yuganuM nAma 'caMpU-yuga' paNa che. caMpU-kAvya-yuganA 'ratnatraya' paMpa, ponna tathA rannane mAnavAmAM Ave che. traNeya jaina hatA. traNee potAnA AzrayadAtAonI prazaMsAmAM eka tarapha laukika kAvya ane dharmanA pracArArtha bIjI tarapha dhArmika kAvyo lakhyA hatA. A racanAomAM A mahApuruSonAM jIvanavRtta paNa vIkharAyelAM paDyAM che. A traNenuM vivecana nIce karavAmAM Ave che. Adikavi paMpa 'vistRta kSetramAM phelAyelI kannaDa bhASAmAM ekamAtra satkavi paMpa che. dharatI para samrATa, svargamAM devarAja, pAtAlamAM nAgarAja, ane gaganamAM riva samAna paMpa jagatamAM vaMdanIya che. temanI kRpAthI mane vAgvilAsa sulabha ho.' AvI abhilASA vyakta karanAra niSpakSa kavi nAgarAja che je AjathI chaso varSa pahelAM thayo hato. A stutithI Adi kavi paMpanI adbhuta pratibhAnuM anumAna sahaja ja lagAvI zakAya che. anya kavioe paNa rasa, bhAva, vyaMjanA, nAdasauMdarya vagere guNonuM varadAna potapotAnA kAvyamAM saharSa mAMgyuM che. anya koI kavi paMpanI barAbarIno nahi hovAthI 'kannaDano ekamAtra kavi paMpa che' evI lokokti pracalita che. 'kavitA pharamAIza ke paisAnA badale nahi, sRSTinA saubhAgyathI banI

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paMpayuga 15 jAya che." kavi nAgacandranI A ukti paMpa para ja caritArtha thAya che. paMpasaMdeza sarasvatInI sAdhanAmAM pravRtta kavi virala ja che. kannaDa sAhityano Adi kavi paMpa IsunI dasamI sadIno pratibhAvaMta viziSTa racanAkAra che. tene navayugano pravartaka paNa mAnavAmAM Ave che. A ja yugamAM prabaMdhazailIno utkarSa thayo. AthI A kALane kannaDa sAhityano svarNa yuga kahevAmAM Ave che. lagabhaga dasamI sadInA madhya kALathI laIne be sadIo sudhI mahAkavi ane Adikavi paMpano kannaDa sAhitya para amITa prabhAva hato. AthI A yuganuM nAma "paMpayuga' paDI gayuM che. bAramI sadInA aMtamAM kannaDa sAhityamAM kavi hariharano prAdurbhAva thAya che ane tenI sAthe ja kannaDa sAhityano "navayuga" zarU thAya che. paMpanA asAdhAraNa kavivyaktitvano prabhAva A yugamAM paNa avazya rahyo che, chatAM paNa A baMnenI vacceno kALa ja kannaDamAM paMpayuganA nAme vikhyAta che. AnAthI ja Adikavi paMpanA kRtitvano mahimA jANI zakAya che. paMpanI be pradhAna racanAo che - AdipurANa ane vikramArjunavijaya. A baMne kramazaH traNa tathA cha mahinAmAM pUrI thaI hatI. AdipurANa tIrthaMkaranA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. AmAM Adi tIrthakaranuM jIvanacaritra vistArathI aMkita che. keTalAya janmomAM temaNe je bhogano anubhava karyo hato, tenI smRtithI teo e niSkarSa para pahoMcyA ke bhogalAlasAno koI aMta nathI. na svargamAM, ke na maryalokamAM tRSNAnI pUrti thaI zake che. A tRSNA bujhAya kema? A badhI vAtono UMDo vicAra karatAM teo kevalya padanI prApti mATe tapasyA karavA vana tarapha nIkaLI paDe che. AmAM AdinAthanA suputra bharata ane bAhubalInA prasaMgo paNa khUba bhAvapUrNa rIte aMkita karavAmAM AvyA che. AdinAthanI dIkSA pachI bhArata samrATa thayo. potAnA cakraratnanA pratApathI te chae khaMDo para potAnuM prabhutva sthApita karavAmAM samartha thayo. paraMtu tene potAnA bhAIono virodha paNa sahevo paDyo. bharate temane potAne adhIna karavA IcchayuM. paraMtu teo rAjyabhogathI pUrNa virakta thaI tapasAdhanAmAM lIna thaI gayA. bhAIono A vairAgya bharatane vismayakAraka pratIta thayo. bAhubalI sAthe laDatI vakhate bharata daSTiyuddha, jalayuddha tathA mallayuddha traNemAM parAsta thayo. aMte teNe bAhubalI para cakraratnano prayoga karyo. AnAthI bAhubalInuM koI ahita na thayuM. paraMtu moTA bhAInA A vyavahArathI khinna thaIne

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa bAhubalI paNa potAnuM vijita sAmrAjya choDI vanamAM tapasyA mATe cAlI nIkaLyA. muktiyAtrA para nIkaLela A jIva janmajanmAMtaranA saMskArathI pariSkRta thaIne kramekrame potAnA lakSya tarapha agresara thAya che. jIvanI A alaukika yAtrAnAM sopAna A kAvya ke purANamAM suMdara rIte varNita che. A racanAmAM kavie kAvyanI sAthe sAthe dharmopadeza paNa Apyo che. jaina dharmanA nirUpaNamAM A purANa kAvya saMpUrNa saphaLa thayuM che. 16 mahAkavi paMpanI bIjI racanA vikramArjunavijaya' eka laukika mahAkAvya che. AmAM kavie potAnA AzrayadAtA cAlukyanareza arikesarInuM guNagAna karyuM che. arikesarI rASTrakUTono sAmaMta hato. tene sAmaMta cUDAmaNi mAnavAmAM Avato hato. arikesarInA snehanI kRpAthI paMpane vipula vaibhava, yaza tathA sammAna maLyuM. purANamAM pratipAdita karNa-duryodhananI ane ItihAsamAM pratipAdita zrIharSa-bANa mitratAno je Adarza hato, te ja paMpa-arikesarInI mitratAno Adarza che. arakesarI guNArNava kahevAyA to paMpa 'kavitAguNArNava' upAdhithI vibhUSita thayA. paMpa kalama tathA talavAra baMne calAvavAmAM nipuNa hatA. vikramArjuna jevI mahAna kalAkRti saMbaMdhe vidvAnono mata che ke kavie evI kuzaLatAthI kAvya-racanA karI che ke A kAvya kannaDa sAhityamAM advitIya siddha thayuM. A prakAranuM kAvya racanAra kavi virala ja che. mahAkavi paMpanI A racanAmAM kathAnI rocakatA tathA varNananI manoharatAno paripAka thayo che. A kavinA AtmavizvAsanuM ghotaka che. racanAnA AraMbhe khUba namratAthI kavi kahe che ke huM vyAsa munIndra dvArA nirmita vacanAmRtarUpa agAdha samudrane taravA nIkaLyo chuM. hA, kavi vyAsa hovAno mAro koI dAvo nathI. aMte paMpa vizvAsa kare che ke huM athAga sAgara taravAmAM cokkasa saphaLa thayo chuM. eTalA mATe kavinI ghoSaNA che ke pUrvavartI samasta kAvya potAnA bhArata (vikramArjunavijaya) tathA AdipurANanI sAme phikkA che. A mahAkAvyano nAyaka arikesarI che. kavinI mAnyatA che ke arikesarI mahAbhAratanA arjuna jevo mahApratApI che ane pUrvakAlIna rAjAonI apekSAe tenAmAM keTalAya asAdhAraNa guNa rahelA che. AthI kavie AdithI aMta sudhI arjuna mATe pracilata badhI upAdhiono prayoga arikesarI mATe karyo che. abhedarUpakano 1. vizeSa jijJAsu 'kavi paMpa kA vikramArjunavijaya' zIrSaka mAro lekha jue. jaina darzana varSa 2,aMka 13, 1935

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paMpayuga 17 nirvAha AmAM athathI Iti sudhI avicchinna rUpe thayo che. eTalA mATe kavie potAnI racanAne samasta bhArata kahyuM che. A mahAkAvyathI arikesarI prasanna thayo ane teNe kavine amita vaibhava ja nahi, dharmapura nAmanuM eka gAma paNa saharSa pradAna karyuM. kavi A mahAna graMthanA mahimAnuM kAraNa kaMI bIjuM batAve che. temanuM kahevuM che ke chaLamAM duryodhana, satyaguNamAM sUryaputra karNa, parAkramamAM bhIma, baLamAM zalya, autyamAM bhIkha, dhanurvidyAmAM droNa, sAhasamAM arjuna ane dharmaguNamAM parizuddhAtmA dharmarAja A badhA mahAbhAratanA mahimAnA kAraNo che. eTalA mATe mAruM A "bhArata" lokamAM samAdita che. paMpa-bhAratamAM zrIkRSNanuM koI UMcu sthAna nathI. AmAM arjunano Adara badhAthI vadhIne che. arjuna zrIkRSNa pAse vIrocita AdarzanuM varNana A mujaba kare che, "he kRSNa ! je AkramaNakArI zatru-rAjA rUpI vizALa vRkSanI jaDo dharatIthI UkhADIne AkAzamAM na pheMke, zaraNAgatonI rakSA na kare, tyAgarUpI guNanI chApa na aMkita kare to te zuM mAnava che ? te mAnava nathI kIDo che." ahIM arjuna zrIkRSNano kapAkAMkSI nathI. dRSTikoNanI A bhinnatA ja Ane laukika kAvya ghoSita kare che. anya pAtro sAthe duryodhana ane karNa je mULa mahAbhAratamAM duSTa-catuSTayamAM gaNavAmAM Ave che, te baMnenuM AmAM khUba sammAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. duryodhana kavinI dRSTie abhimAnadhana che. te potAnI vAtano pAko che tathA potAnI jida para aMta sudhI aDaga rahyo che. duryodhana praNa pUruM karavA mATe eka ja patha para barAbara Agekadama karato rahyo, na Daryo, na gabharAyo. prANa tyAgavAnA samaye paNa teno pratApa ocho na thayo. have pratinAyaka karNanuM citraNa juo. kavi tene paNa prema, Adara tathA gaurava pradAna kare che. vizvasAhityamAM tenA jevuM kamabhAgI bIjuM pAtra nathI. sUryano putra, pRthAnI kukSimAM janmela A vIrane pAMDavono agraja hovA chatAM paNa pedA thatAM ja gaMgAnI dhArAmAM vahAvI devAmAM Avyo ane sUtane tyAM pALavA-poSavAmAM Avyo. paraMtu te potAnA dhIrodAtta guNathI vaMcita na thayo. yauvanamAM padArpaNa karatAM ja te kahevA lAgyo ke "mAro koI virodha na kare, je paNa sahAyatA Icche mArI pAsethI mAgI le." te eka vAra tIra pratyaMcA para caDhAvI de to tenA TaMkArathI ja pratApI zatru rAjAo para vIjaLI tUTI paDatI ane teo bhayabhIta thaIne dharAzAyI thaI jatA. karNa sonuM kApI-kApIne Apato jato to svarNarAzino saMcaya 3ain Education International

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18 kinnaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa karanAra baMdI ane mAgadha vagereno arthobhAva dUra thaI jato hato. brAhmaNaveSadhArI devarAjane kavaca-kuMDala ApavAmAM paNa tene koI saMkoca nahoto thayo. kalpanAnI samAhAra zakti ane bhASAnI sAmAsikatAne karNa-prasaMganA citraNamAM kavie samyapha abhivyakti pradAna karI che. guru parazurAmanA krodhathI zApa-grasta karNa duryodhanano aMtaraMga sAthI banyo. karNane duryodhanathI alaga pADavA mATe zrIkRSNa khUba UMDI cAla cAlI. zrIkRSNa bolyA, "pyArA karNa ! duryodhana jANe che ke tuM pAMDavono sahuthI moTo bhAI che. tame baMne zikAra khelavA sAthe-sAthe gayA hatA ane baMne te samaye satyapa RSinA Azrame pahoMcyA hatA. te samaye RSie sahuthI pahelAM tAro ja Adara satkAra karyo hato. duryodhanane A vyavahAra khUba kharAba lAgyo, teNe tane koI bahAne bahAra mokalI RSine pUchyuM ke mArA hovA chatAM tame pahelAM sUtaputranuM sammAna kema karyuM ane te kyAM sudhI yogya che? AthI RSie tArA janmanuM rahasya tene batAvI dIdhuM. tyAre duryodhana bolyo ke "sAruM thayuM, kAMTAthI ja kAMTAne kADhavo paDaze." hA, karNa zrIkRSNanI vAtomAM na Avyo. duryodhana sAthe droha karavA rAjI na thayo. senApatinuM pada suzobhita karatAM karNa zarazayyA para sUtelA pitAmaha pAse jAya che ane temanA caraNomAM praNAma kare che. sAthe sAthe ja temanI kSamAyAcanA kare che. karNanI svAmibhaktithI abhibhUta Arya bhIkha karNane paNa potAnA prapautra tarIke saMbodhita kare che. kavie karNanA pAtra-nirUpaNamAM khUba kauzala dekhADyuM che. ahIM kavi potAnA nAyakane paNa bhUlIne kahe che ke bhAratamAM tame koInuM smaraNa karavA cAho to anya koIne yAda na karo, ekaniSTha karNanuM ja smaraNa karo. karNanI barobarI koNa karI zake che? tenI zUratA, saccAI ane sAhasa vagere janatAmAM vikhyAta che. karNa tyAganuM to pratirUpa ja che. karNa grIka duHkhAMta nATakonA nAyakanI yAda apAve che. vanavAsamAM bALapaNa ane yauvanano sonerI samaya vItAvanAra mahAkavi paMpane jo kannaDa sAhityano Adi ane ekamAtra kavi mAnavAmAM Avyo che to temAM koI AzcaryanI vAta nathI. kavitAcAturya, varNanasAmarthya, pAtranirUpaNa, rasapuSTi, hitAhitamUdavacana rUpI zailI, suMdara tathA mArmika kahevato, dezAbhimAna-dhotaka vAguMphana A badhuM mahAkavi paMpane karNATakano sArvabhauma kavi ghoSita kare che. paMpanI garimAne pUrNa rUpe vyakta karavI saMbhavita nathI.

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paMpayuga 19 ponna A mahAkavi rASTrakUTanareza kRSNa tRtIya (I.sa.939-968)nA darabArI kavi hatA. temanI racanAno kALa I.sa.950 AsapAsano rahyo haze. te paNa vegimaMDalAMtargata puMganUranA nivAsI hatA. veMgimaMDalanA puMganUramAM nAgamadhya nAmano eka jaina brAhmaNa hato. mallapa ane punnamaya tenA be vIra putra hatA. vANiyavADinA jinacandradeva temanA guru hatA ane potAnA gurunA gauravArtha vinayapUrvaka A baMne bhAIoe 16mA tIrthaMkara zAMtinAthanA jIvana para AdhArita mahAkavi potra dvArA "zAMtipurANanI racanA karAvI. AnuM bIjuM nAma "purANacUDAmaNi' che. mallapathyanI eka putrI hatI ati maLe.' dAnaciMtAmaNi A mahilAnI upAdhi hatI kemake tenI dAnazIlatA sarvatra vikhyAta hatI. A devIe mahAkavi ponnanA zAMtipurANanI eka hajAra mato lakhAvIne ratna tathA suvarNanI jinapratimAo sAthe temanuM saMpUrNa karNATakamAM dAna karyuM. attimabenuM nAma Aje paNa karNATakamAM khUba gaurava sAthe levAmAM Ave che. teNe gadaga tAlukAnA lauMDi nAmaka sthaLamAM seMkaDo jinAlaya banAvyA hatA. te suMdara jinAlayomAM have laEDimAM mAtra traNa jinAlaya bacyAM che ane te sarvathA darzanIya che. "bhuvanaikarAmAvyudaya ponnanuM bIjuM kAvya che. te hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI. A graMtha upalabdha hota to ApaNane ponnanA AzrayadAtA saMbaMdhe pracura sAmagrI prApta thaI jAta. ponnanuM kahevuM che ke bhuvanaikarAmAbhyadayamAM 24 AzvAsa che je 24 lokanA mUlya barAbara che. rASTrakUTa kRSNa (I.sa.939-68)nA sAmaMta zaMkarageDanI bhuvanaikarAma' padavI hatI. eTalA mATe vidvAnono mata che ke A graMtha bhuvanaikarAma padavIthI samalaMkRta zaMkaragaMDanA pratApane athavA takkolamAM cola rAjadityane parAjita karanAra mumbaDi kRSNanA zauryanuM varNana karatuM kAvya haze. "zabdamaNidarpaNa'mAM kezirAje . (I.sa.1260) A kAvyanA keTalAka aMza uddhata karyA che je evAthI A kAvya niHsaMdeha utkRSTa tathA aitihAsika dRSTie upayukta mAlUma paDe che. paraMtu durbhAgyathI A kAvya hajI sudhI samagra rUpe upalabdha nathI thayuM. ponna ratnatrayamAM anyatama che ane mukhyaDi kRSNa dvArA AdarapUrvaka "kavicakravartI' 1. attimabenA jIvanavRtta mATe juo, "candAbAI abhinaMdana graMthamAM prakAzita "dAnacittAmaNi attimabe' nAmano mAro lekha.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa padavI prApta karanAra bhAgyazALI mahAkavi che. Adikavi paMpane paNa arikesarI dvArA A padavI nahotI maLI. 'kavicakravartI'nI padavI prApta karanAra bIjA paNa be jaina kavi che ranna ane janna. ponne A 'kavicakravartI' padavIno ullekha potAnI kRtimAM svayaM karyo che. ponnanA ponniga, ponnamayya, savaNa vagere nAma paNa hatAM. potra potAnA pUrvakAlIna paMpa vagere koI paNa kavinuM nAma nathI leto. vidvAnono abhiprAya che ke potAnA kavisAmarthyanI prazaMsA karatAM kavi potra prazaMsAnI maryAdA ekadama bhUlI gayo che. 20 zAMtipurANanA prAraMbhanA 9mA AzvAsa sudhI tIrthaMkara zAMtinAthanA 11 pUrvabhavonuM varNana che. mAtra aMtima traNa AzvAsomAM zAMtinAthanuM caritra pratipAdita che. potranI A zAMtipurANa kathAmAM ane kamalabhava (I.sa.1235)nI zAMtipurANa kathAmAM aneka sthaLo para aMtara dRSTigocara thAya che. AnuM zuM kAraNa che ? te spaSTa rUpe jJAta nathI. zAMtipurANamAM lokAkAra, dezanivezana, caturgatisvarUpa vagere jainapurANanA ATha lakSaNonI sAthe sAthe mahAkAvyonA 18 lakSaNa paNa mojUda che. jyAM-tyAM vividha rasotpattine anurUpa varNano paNa vartamAna che, chatAM paNa kahevuM paDaze ke paMpa ane rakSanI racanAomAM upalabdha varNana-sauMdarya ane pAtraracanAkauzala pokSanI kRtiomAM nathI. hA, ponnano baMdha prauDha che. vastutaH pAribhASika zabda ane saMskRta bhASAno vyAmoha A baMnee mahAvi pokSanI kRtionI zailIne kliSTa banAvI dIdhI che. chatAM paNa kavitAmAM svAbhAvikatA, nirargalatA ane pAMDitya mojUda che. kavie AmAM 19 chaMdono upayoga karyo che. kAvyamAM caMpUkAvyane anukULa suprasiddha akSaravRtta tathA kaMda adhika che. temAM paNa zAMtarasAbhivyakti sahAyaka kaMda atyadhika che. A purANamAM kula 1636 padya, ragaLe tathA tripadio paNa che. AmAM ahIM-tahIM suMdara kahevato paNa mojUda che. 'jinAkSaramAlA' ponnanI bIjI racanA che. A eka jinastuti che. 'gatapratyAgata' nAmaka ponnano eka bIjo graMtha hovAnuM kahevAya che. paraMtu A graMtha hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI thayo. jJa mahAkavi 2nna mughoLanA nivAsI hatA. temano janma saumya saMvatsara (I.sa.949)mAM thayo hato. rannanI mAtAnuM nAma abbalabbe tathA pitAnuM nAma

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paMpayuga jinavallabhendra hatuM. kavinA sahodara daDhabAhu recaNa ane mArazya hatA. javika tathA zAMti temanI patnIo hatI. putranuM nAma rAya ane putrInuM nAma amiLe hatuM. rannanA pUjya guru AcArya ajitasena hatA. temano A paricaya svaracita ajitapurANanA 12mA AzvAsamAM maLe che. mahAkavi ratranI pratibhAno vikAsa attimabuM ane cAuDarAya jevA sAmaMta tathA mAMDalikonA AzrayamAM thayo. aMte tailapa cakravartI (I.sa.973-997) ane yuvarAja satyAzrayanA AzramamAM rahetAM temanA prabhutvano sikko jAmI gayo. A vAta kavi rame svayaM kahI che. mAluma thAya che ke mahAkavi rasane kaviratna, kavicakravartI, kavikuMjarAMkuza, ubhayakavi, kavitilaka vagere padavI prApta hatI. temaNe potAnAthI pahelAMnA kannaDa kaviomAM mahAkavi paMpa ane potranuM smaraNa karyuM che. rannanuM kahevuM che ke kaviomAM jainadharmane dIpta karanAra paMpa, ponna ane ranna A traNa ja "ratnatraya'nA nAmathI vikhyAta che. A AtmazlAghA mAtra nathI, kavinI kavikarma kuzalatAnuM paNa paricAyaka che. anyatra kavi kahe che ke "potAne ratnano pArakhI mAnanAra zeSanAganI pheNamAM vidyamAna anartha ratnane ane kAvyasamIkSakanA nAte rannanA bahumUlya kAvya-ratnane parakhavAnuM dussAhasa na kare.' kavino dAvo che ke "AnI pahelAM koI kavi vAgyevInA bhaMDAranI mahora toDI nathI zakyuM. ra ja potAnI sarasa racanAo dvArA vAjhevInA bhaMDAranI mahora toDI nAkhI, arthAta sarasvatInI saMpadAno svAmI banyo." kavino A koI pralApa nathI. paraMtu tenI adbhuta kAvyasAdhanAnuM phaLa che. mahAkavi ratranI prAraMbhika zikSA-dIkSA lokAdityanI prAcIna rAjadhAnI, vartamAna dhAravAra jillA aMtargata baMkApuramAM AcArya ajitasenanI dekharekhamAM thaI hatI. kannaDa ane saMskRta baMnemAM te samaye upalabdha badhA graMtha ratrane upalabdha hatA. dAnaciMtAmaNi atti maLe ane cASThirAya - A baMnenI kRpAthI rannane paryApta vaibhava tathA yaza prApta thayo. aMte pUrvokta cAlukya nareza tailapa tathA temanA suputra satyAzrayanI sabhAmAM teo vizeSa sammAnita thayA. jainonA prasiddha tIrtha zravaNabelagoLanA nAnA parvata para eka zilA che, jenI para "zrIkavi ranna' A pAMca akSara khodAyelA maLe che. evI kivadaMtI che ke rAtre ja A akSaro kotarAvyA 1. A viSayamAM vadhu jANavA mATe "caMdAbAI abhinaMdana graMtha'mAM prakAzita "dAnacintAmaNi attimabe' zIrSakamAro lekha juo.

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22 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che. tevo adhika saMbhava che kemake mahAkavi ratra zravaNabelagoLa barAbara jato hato. cakravartIne yogya koza, kaMThikA, zvetapatra, siMhAsana vagere kavicakravartI ratrane potAnA AzrayadAtA satyAzraya pAsethI sAnaMda prApta hatAM. nAgacandra (I.sa.110), nayasena (I.sa.1112), pArtha (I.sa.1205), madhura (I.sa.1385) ane maMgarasa - A kavioe rannanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. ratranI be mukhya racanAo che. eka "ajitapurANa' (I.sa.993) tathA bIjI sAhasabhImavijaya" athavA "gadAyuddha'. ajitapurANa dvitIya tIrthakara ajitanAthanI punIta gAthA che. A 22 AzvAsanuM caMpUkAvya che. AmAM vyartha vRtta nathI AvyA. AnI racanA mahAkavi ranne attimabenI preraNAthI karI. graMthamAM attimabenuM itivRtta vistArathI ApatAM tenI dAnazIlatAnuM guNagAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. tene kAvyaratna' ke "purANatilaka" paNa kahevAmAM Avela che. AmAM bhavAvaliyonI jaTilatA nathI. A eka jaina purANa kAvya che, tethI laukika kAvya gadAyuddhanI jema pAtranirUpaNa, sannivezaracanA vageremAM kavi svataMtra nathI. chatAM paNa bhakti, jJAna ane vairAgyanA pAvana citraNa dvArA ranne potAnA abhuta kavitA-sAmarthyane suMdara rIte vyakta karyuM che. zailImAM sauMdarya che. kavi baMne bhASAomAM paMDita hovA sAthe saMgIta tathA nATyazAstramAM paNa pravINa jaNAya che. A mATe jinazizuno janmAbhiSeka vagere prasaMga sarvathA paThanIya che. ajitapurANanA tilakaprAya sannivezanA dvitIyAzvAsamAM susImAnagaranA rAja vimalavAhananuM vairAgya prakaraNa vagere keTalAya marmasparzI evAM sthaLa che je sahRdaya pAThakane mohI levA mATe paryApta che. ayodhyAnagarIthI ajitanAtha tapasyA mATe cAlI nIkaLe che tyAre rANIvAsamAM ghero viSAda chavAI jAya che ane rANIvAsanI rANIo guNanidhi, bhuvanapUjita ajitanAthanuM nAma raTatAM-raTatAM mahelanI bahAra AvI jAya che. A moTo karuNApradhAna prasaMga che. A uparAMta tIrthakaranA samakAlIna sagaracakravartInuM prakaraNa paNa ghaNuM talasparzI che. sagaranA sATha hajAra putra hatA. saMtAnamoha sagaranI sahuthI moTI durbaLatA hatI. sagarano A moha dUra karI saMsAranI asAratAno tene bodha thAya te udezathI ranna kavie eka navI uddabhAvanA karI che. eka vAra pitA pAse chokarAo AvyA ane kAma karavAnI IcchA prakaTa karI. pitA bolyA-jAo, khAo-pIo ane moja karo. chokarAone puruSArthahIna A jIvana pasaMda na AvyuM. sagara samrATe

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paMpayuga - 23 te jANIne Adeza Apyo ke kailAsa parvata para bharata samrATe ratnanirmita pratimAo banAvIne rAkhI che. te lokanA mAnavonI dRSTimAM na Ave, evo koI upAya vicAro. sagarane saceta karanAra teno mitra cetana maNiketu nAmaka dRSTiviSasarpanuM rUpa dhAraNa karIne Avyo ane bhagIrathane choDI bAkI badhAne mArI nAkhyA. pachI te brAhmaNavezamAM rAjamahelanI najIka Avyo ane raDAroLa karavA lAgyo. jyAre tenI raDAroLanuM kAraNa pUchavAmAM AvyuM to javAbamAM teNe kahyuM ke keTalIya mAnatAo mAnavAnA phaLasvarUpe pedA thayelo teno ekamAtra dIkaro yamaloka sidhAvI gayo che. AthI huM tamArA page paDavA Avyo chuM. mArA mATe mRtyu ke Azraya tame ja pradAna karI zako cho. sagara te brAhmaNane sAMtvanA ApatAM bolyo, bhAI ! tuM evA gharamAMthI taNakhaluM ane Aga laI Ava jyAM mRtyunI chAyA suddhAM na paDI hoya. huM tArA dIkarAne bacAvI laIza." kapaTI brAhmaNa gayo ane pAcho AvIne bolyo ke evuM eka paNa ghara nA maLyuM. AnA para sagare te brAhmaNane mRtyunI anivAryatAnI vAta A rIte samajAvI, "yamarAjanA paMjAthI koNa bacyuM che? devatA, mAnava, rAkSasa, pazu A badhAno sarvanAtha teno khela che. zabayAtrAnA prasaMge je vAjuM vAge che, te yamano vijayaghoSa che. citAno dhUmADo tenI vijayapatAkA che. parijanono vilApa tenI saphaLatAnuM pratIka che. yamanI rAjasattAnA A ja saMketo che." A badhI vAto sAMbhaLyA pachI brAhmaNa bolyo, "A dharmacarcA mAtra mArA mATe che ke ApanA jIvanamAM paNa AnuM koI mahattva che?" sagare tarata uttara Apyo, "AnuM AcaraNa huM pahelAM karIza." tarata brAhmaNanA moMthI vAta nIkaLI, "tamArA 60 hajAra putra jIvita nathI rahyA." bhagIrathe paNa A vAtanI puSTi karI. A zokavArtA sAMbhaLIne parijano ane rANIvAsamAM rokakaLa macI gaI. mAtAoe putronI prANabhikSA mAgI ane vadhUoe patibhikSA mAgI. joke sagara zokasAgaramAM DUbavA-taravA lAgyA, paraMtu saheja paNa vicalita na thayA. te ja kSaNe temaNe saMsArathI virakta thaIne bhagIrathane rAjyanA uttarAdhikArI banAvyo ane tapasyA mATe cAlI nIkaLyA. nirvedanI khUba ja gaMbhIra vyaMjanA AnI vizeSatA che. vidvAnonuM kathana che ke ajitapurANamAM kAvyasauMdaryano abhAva nathI. chatAM paNa paMparacita AdipurANanI bhavyatA ahIM daSTigocara nathI thatI. rannanA laukika kAvya gadAyuddha ke sAhasabhImavijayane kannaDanuM apUrva "kRtiratna' mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. kavie AmAM AzrayadAtA satyAzraya narezanuM guNagAna karyuM

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24 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che. paMpabhAratanA 23mA AzvAsamAM varNita "gadAsauptika parvanI kathA AnuM viSayavastu che. kavie A racanAmAM samagra mahAbhAratanI mukhya ghaTanAonuM smaraNa karAvyuM che. nATakIya zailIno utkarSa AnuM ghaNuM moTuM AkarSaNa che. saMvAdayojanA, kAryavyApArazRMkhalA ane vidUSaka pAtranA nirUpaNanI dRSTie gadAyuddha adbhuta racanA che. A prakAranI vidUSakanI pAtrayojanA anya koI paNa kAvyamAM nathI maLatI. A racanAno nAyaka bhIma che. duryodhana pratinAyaka che. paMpabhAratamAM karNa para je sahAnubhUti UmaTI Ave che, te ja gadAyuddhanA duryodhana para tarata utpanna thAya che. mahAbhAratanA yuddhano aMtima divasa che. duryodhana raNakSetramAM AgaLa vadhI rahyo che. tene potAnA pakSanA samasta vIro dharAzAyI thayelA dekhAI rahyA che. pratyekane joI-joI tenuM kALajuM korAI jAya che. karNa ane duHzAsana A baMnene joIne te niSmANa thaI jAya che. abhimanyanuM zaba jotAM ja tenA nayano sAme te vIra bALakanI mUrti sajIva thaI UThe che. tenA manamAM e vicAra Avato ja nathI ke abhimanyu zatrupakSano che. anAyAsa temanA moMthI nIkaLI paDe che, "tane janma ApanArI koI stana zobhita strI nathI. vIrajananI nAma sArthaka karanArI sAdhvI che." duryodhana mRta abhimanyune anurodha kare che, "advitIya parAkramI abhimanyu ! e saMbhava nathI ke tArI jevo bIjo koI parAkramI hoya. mAro e ja anurodha che ke mRtyarUpe tArA pauruSano thoDo evo paNa hisso mane maLI jAya." A ja udAtta bhAva upapAMDavonI hatyAnA samAcAra meLavyA pachI vyakta thayo che. aMtima kSaNe duryodhanane saMtuSTa karavA mATe azvatthAmA upapAMDavonAM mastaka lAve che tyAre duryodhana khUba duHkhI thAya che ane azvatthAmAne spaSTa kahI de che ke zizuhatyAnuM pApa tArA mAthe Avaze. duryodhananA A lokottara guNone lakSya banAvI vidvAna Alocako tene "mahAnubhAva' mAnavA lAgyA che. Alocaka tene sAhasano svAmI" ane "chaladaMkamala" paNa kahyA kare che. duryodhana raNakSetra tarapha AgaLa vadhI rahyo che. rastAmAM dhRtarASTra ane gAMdhArI baMne tene maLavA AvI rahyAM che. dhRtarASTra suleha karavA Agraha kare che ane aDadhuM rAjya dharmarAjane ApavA mATe Agraha kare che. gAMdhArI laDAI baMdha karavA mATe tene khUba samajAve che. te ATalAthI ja sAMtvanA prApta karI le che ke je gayA te pAchAM nathI AvI zakatA. paraMtu duryodhana to bacI gayo, cAlo sAruM thayuM. A pramANe te bhAgya sAthe samAdhAna karavA taiyAra che. paraMtu duryodhana para mAtA

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paMpayuga 25 pitAnI ArtavANIno koI prabhAva na paDyo. teno eka paNa bhAI jIvita na rahyo. A bAju dharmarAjanI evI pratijJA che ke mAro koI bhAI marAze to huM AgamAM kUdI paDIza. duryodhananI khUba dayanIya dazA che. te mAtA-pitAne kahe che, "tame mArA jIvita rahevAnI vAta para koI bharoso na rAkho. mArA bhAIo para je vItyuM che te ja mArA mATe paNa nizcita mAno." kyAreka-kyAreka te khUba uttejita thaI jAya che ane kahevA lAge che - "pyArA bhAI karNa ! arjuna pAsethI huM tane chInavI laIza. pyArA bhAI duHzAsana ! bhImanuM peTa cIrIne tane meLavI laIza. A baMneno zikAra karI lauM to pachI nirdoSa dharmarAja sAthe jIvana vitAvavAnI samasyA potAnI jAte ukelAI jaze." duHkhanI tIvratA tenA moMthI bolAvI nAkhe che, "zuM huM ja Apano putra chuM, dharmarAja nathI ? tame tenI sAthe jIvanayApana karo, mArI koI ciMtA na karo." duryodhananA mananI udAratAno A suMdara prabhAva che. khUba dhUmadhAmathI cAlanAra duryodhanane ekAkI ane udAsa Avato joI bhISmapitAmaha dravita thAya che. pitAmaha A avasthAmAM samAdhAnanI carcA cheDe che. duryodhanane prastAva gamato nathI. te pitAmaha pAsethI e jANavA mATe utsuka che ke yuddhamAM zatrune parAsta kevI rIte karI zakAya. te pitAmahane nivedana kare che, "huM rAjya mATe lAlacu nathI. huM praNanuM pAlana karavA mATe adhIra chuM. pAMDavo sAthe huM rAjyano upabhoga nA karI zake. A rAjya e sthitimAM smazAnathI juduM nahi hoya. karNanI hatyA mATe uttaradAyI A rAjya bhogavavA yogya nathI. huM konA mATe rAjya saMbhALuM ? na tame cho, na droNAcArya rahyA, na karNa, na du:zAsana paNa che. koNa mAro vaibhava joI prasanna thaze ?' ATaluM sAMbhaLI bhISma niruttara thaI jAya che. pitAmaha duryodhanane salAha Ape che ke vaizaMpAyana sarovaramAM Akho divasa vItAvI bIjA divase balarAma sAthe maLIne laDAI cAlu rAkhavAmAM Ave. duryodhana te salAha mAnIne cAlyo jAya che. paraMtu vAraMvAra samAdhAnanI carcA sAMbhaLI te khUba khinna thAya che. te vaDIlonI salAha mAnI sarovaramAM rahevA to jAya che, paraMtu bhImano lalakAra sAMbhaLatAM ja sarpadhvaja duryodhana roSano mAryo jaLamAM hovA chatAM paNa UkaLavA lAgyo. pralayakAlIna rudranI jema te dharatInuM aMtara bhedIne bahAra nIkaLI paDyo ane bhIma sAthe bhayaMkara laDyo tathA svarge sidhAvyo. A pramANe gadAyuddha satyAzrayanuM stutigAna to che ja, duryodhananA mahimAnuM paNa suMdara

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26 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa citraNa karanAra mahAkAvya che. vastutaH ratnano dhavala yaza gadAyuddha kAvyathI ja amara thayo che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke rasika-dhIra ranne AmAM vAgdavanA bhaMDAranI mahora cokkasa toDI che. caMpUrUpI A kAvyamAM 20 AzvAsa che. mahAkavi rame paMpanA ziSya banIne paMpa-bhAratanA 23mA AzvAsa aMtargata bhIma-duryodhana saMbaMdhI gadAyuddhane ja kAvyanuM vastu banAvI eka sarvazreSTha kAvyanI racanA karI che. kavinuM kahevuM che ke sAhasabhIma, akalaMkyarita vagere padavIonA svAmI satyAzrayane kathAnAyaka banAvI bhIma sAthe tenI tulanA karatAM meM A kAvyanI racanA karI che. yuddhAMte paMpa potAnA kAvyamAM jyAM arjuna tathA subhadrAno paTTAbhiSeka kare che, tyAM ranna potAnA racanAmAM bhIma ane draupadIno paTTAbhiSeka kare che. rannanA A mahAkAvyamAM eka vaizisya bIjuM paNa che. te che, saMpUrNa kAvyamAM daSTigocara thanArI nATakIyatA. ahIM bhaTTanArAyaNanA veNisaMhAra ane bhAsanA UrubhaMga baMneno prabhAva spaSTa dRSTigocara thAya che. chatAM paNa zrI bI. e. zrIkaMThadhyanuM kahevuM che ke bhaTTanArAyaNa ane bhAsathI mahAkavi ratra koI paNa dRSTie ochA nathI. paraMtu temanAthI paNa ranna caDiyAtA che. gadAyuddhanuM eka vaizisya e che ke AmAM siMhAvalokana-kramathI bhAratAMtargata kathAone pAtronA mukhe ja kahevarAvavAmAM AvI bhImasenanI pratijJA, duryodhanano pralApa, bhIma-duryodhananI pArasparika kasUkti vagere saMdarbhomAM mahAbhAratanI kathAno mukhyAMza sucAru rUpe nirUpita che. rannanI zailI, pAtronuM caritracitraNa, rasapuSTividhAna, sanniveza nirmANa vagere vizeSa guNonA jijJAsuo eka vAra "ratrakaviprazasti" nAmaka vidvAnonA vimarzAtmaka lekha saMgrahane jarUra vAMce. ranna pratibhAzALI mahAkavi che. temanA dvArA citrita duryodhana' nuM pAtra kannaDa sAhityamAM anyatra maLavuM durlabha che. pratinAyaka duryodhananuM patana durbhAgyavaza anivArya ja hatuM. chatAM paNa tenAmAM nirUpita keTalAka udAtta guNo IndrajALanI jema ApaNane duryodhana pratye sahRdaya banAvI de che. aMte kavie samayogAlaMkAramAM nibaddha eka suMdara gIta dvArA A bhAva vyakta karyo che, "ahIM maryalokamAM karakalArka asta thayo to tyAM AkAzamAM arka paNa asta thayo." 1. vizeSa jANakArI mATe "premI abhinaMdana graMthamAM prakAzita "mahAkavi ratra kA duryodhana' zIrSaka mAro lekha juo.

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paMpayuga A yuganA anya kaviomAM cANDarAya, nAgavarma, zAMtinAtha, nAgacandra, nayasena, brahmaziva, karNapArya, vRttavilAsa vagere ullekhanIya che. cAuIrAya cAuDarAya brahmakSatriyavaMzodbhava che. temanA guru AcArya ajitasena che. teo gaMgakulacUDAmaNi rAcamalla (I.sa.974-984)nA maMtrI ane senAnI hatA. te sarvavidita che ke zravaNabeLagoLamAM gommaTezvaranI pratimA pratiSThApita karavAnuM zreya cAulDarAyane ja che. samaraparazurAma, vIramArtaMDa, pratipakSarakSaka vagere aneka padavIothI vibhUSita cAuIrAya moTA dharmapremI ane udAra hatA. ranna kavinA AzrayadAtA rUpe paNa temanuM khUba mAna hatuM. temaNe 'triSaSTilakSaNa mahApurANa' nAmaka gadyakAvyanI racanA karI. 'vArAdhane'nI prApti pahelAM A ja graMthane kannaDanuM prathama gadyakAvya mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. A graMtha 'cAuIrAyapurANa'nA nAmathI paNa vikhyAta che. AmAM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI vagere 63 zalAkApuruSonI gAthAonuM saMkalana che. te guNabhadraviracita uttarapurANa para AdhArita racanA che. 27 pratyeka caritranAM AdimaMgalasvarUpa eka-eka padya choDIne cAuIrAyapurANa eka zuddha gadyagraMtha che. A prAcIna kannaDa gadyaracanAnI eka bahumUlya kRti che. AmAM cAusrAye mULa kathAvastumAM koI paNa prakAranuM aMtara AvavA dIdhuM nathI. AnuM mukhya kAraNa kavinI dhArmika dRSTi ja mAlUma paDe che. A purANamAM kavinI svapratibhA ane kAvyazaktine pradarzita karavAnI svataMtratA nahi hovAthI vaDDArAdhanemAM je vaiziSTya che, te vaiziSTya AmAM nathI AvavA pAmyuM. cAuRsrAyapurANamAM dhArmikatA to che paraMtu kAvyadharmano abhAva che. chatAM paNa A purANa te samayanI gadyazailInuM pratinidhitva kare che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke AnA keTalAya padyo khUba ja saraLa, lalita ane bhaktipUrNa che. evo saMbhava che ke jaina purANakathAothI aparicita vyaktine cAuRsrAyapurANa vizeSa rucikara pratIta na thAya. joke AmAM bhavAvalio, nirvega vagere purANasahaja vAtonI adhikatA che, chatAM paNa vizvanandi-vizAkhanandinuM yuddha vagere keTalAka prakaraNo vizeSa cittAkarSaka che. A prakaraNo cAuIrAyanA kathana kauzalanAM spaSTa sAkSI che. bhASAzAsranI dRSTie cAuIrAyapurANanuM gadya ochuM mahattvapUrNa nathI.

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28 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa cAunDarAye saMskRtamAM paNa eka graMtha racyo che. A graMthanuM nAma "cAritrasAra che. AmAM aNuvrata, zikSAvrata, saMyama, bhAvanA, parISahajaya, dhyAna, anuprekSA vagere AcAra dharmanuM varNana che. cAuDarAya khUba udAra hatA. temanA dvArA nirmita aparimita vyayasAdhya, sarvAMgasuMdara pUrvokta gobhamUrti tathA candragirimAM virAjamAna kalApUrNa jinAlaya temanI udAratAnAM jvalaMta pramANa che. candragirimAM vidyamAna A jinamaMdira te parvata para sthita badhA maMdiromAM manojJa che. upara kahevAI cUkyuM che ke A ja cAuDarAya mahAkavi rannanA AzrayadAtA hatA. svabaMdhu tathA svajanmabhUmi tyAgIne vidyAdhyayananI pipAsAthI Avela ratranA vidyAdhyayananI saMpUrNa vyavasthA cAuDarAye ja karI hatI. cAuDarAya kavi ja nahi paraMtu eka yoddhA paNa hatA. vibhinna avasaro para temane prApta samaradhuraMdhara, vIramArtaDa, raNaraMga siMha, pratipakSarAkSasa, subhaTa cUDAmaNi vagere padavIo A vAtanI puSTi kare che. A vAtonuM vizada varNana viMdhyagirinA vartamAna 109 (281)mA zilAlekha tathA cAuDarAyapurANamAM upala dha thAya che. cAuDarAyane uparyukta padavIo uparAMta samyaktaratnAkara, zaucAbharaNa, satyayudhiSThira, guNaratnabhUSaNa vagere dhArmika guNone vyakta karanArI padavIo paNa pradAna karavAmAM AvI hatI. A badhI padavIo kavinA sadAcArapUrNa dhArmika jIvananuM digdarzana karAve che. cAusDarAyane rAya, aSNa vagere gauravapUrNa nAmothI paNa bolAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. cAusDarAyano AzrayadAtA gaMgakulacUDAmaNi, jagadekavIra vagere padavIothI samalaMkRta pUrvokta rAmalla ke rAyamalla (caturtha) gaMgavaMzI nareza mArasiMhano uttarAdhikArI hato. mArasiMhanA zAsanakALamAM paNa cAuDarAya maMtrI tathA senApatinA pada para bIrAjatA hatA. mArasiMha paNa jainadharma pratye daDha zraddhALu hatA. temaNe aneka jinamaMdiro tathA mAnastaMbhonuM nirmANa karAvI aMte baMkApuramAM AcArya ajitasenanA 1. vizeSa mATe "jaina saMdeza 20zodhaka (mAM prakAzita) "mahAkavi ranna ko cAusDarAyakA AzrayadAna' zIrSaka mAro lekha juo. 2. vizeSa jijJAsu "jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara'mAM prakAzita 'vIra mArtaDa cAunDarAya' zIrSaka mAro lekha jue. (bhAga 6 kiraNa 4).

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paMpayuga - 29 pAdamUlamAM samAdhimaraNapUrvaka zarIratyAga karyo hato. prAraMbhathI ja gaMgarAjyano jainadharma sAthe ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rahyo che. zravaNabelagolanA zilAlekha naM. 54 (67) tathA gaMgavaMzanA anyAnya dAnapatrothI nirvivAdarUpe te siddha che ke munisiMhanandI ja gaMgavaMzanA saMsthApaka hatA. teno gommasAravRttinA racayitA abhayacandra aividyacakravartI paNa svIkAra kare che. zrIdharAcArya te beuvala nADa aMtargata nariguMdanA nivAsI hatA. temaNe potAne "viprakulottama batAvyA che. hajI sudhI to temano "jAtakatilaka' nAmaka eka jyotiSa graMtha ja upalabdha thaI zakyo che, je prakAzita thaI cUkyo che. joke jAtakatilakanA aMtima padyathI jANI zakAya che ke temaNe "candraprabhacarita' paNa racyuM hatuM. paraMtu A graMtha hajI sudhI prApta nathI thayo. kavinuM kahevuM che ke vidvAnoe mane kahyuM ke "hajI sudhI kannaDamAM koIe jayotiSa graMtha nathI lakhyo, eTalA mATe tame jAtakatilaka avazya lakho." A pramANe vidvAnonI preraNAthI ja meM jAtakatilakanI racanA karI che. AnAthI sAbita thAya che ke kannaDamAM jyotiSa saMbaMdhI graMtha lakhanAramAM zrIdharAcArya prathama che. A vAtanI puSTi bAhubali (lagabhaga 1260 I.sa.)nI nAgakumAra-kathA'thI paNa thAya che. kannaDakavicaritenA mAnya lekhakanA mate zrIdharAcAryano kALa I.sa.1049 athavA zaka saM. 971 che. zrIdharAcAryane gadyapadyavidyAdhara ane budhajanamitra A be padavIo maLI hatI. temaNe potAne vidhavizadayazonidhi, kAvyadharmajinadharmagaNitadharmamahAbhonidhi, budhamitra, nikulAbujA karamitra, rasabhAvasamanvita, subhaga, akhilavedI vagere aneka vizeSaNothI saMbodhita karyA che. upara kahevAI cUkyuM che ke jAtakatilaka eka jyotiSa graMtha che. te kaMda vRttomAM lakhavAmAM Avyo che. AmAM 24 adhikAra che. joke kavie potAnA graMthanI utkRSTatA keTalAya padyomAM batAvI che to paNa sthAna abhAvane kAraNe te padyo ahIM uddhata karavA apekSita nathI. zrIdharAcArye jayotiSanuM prayojana A mujaba batAvyuM che "bhavabaddha zubhAzubha karmavipAkanuM phaLa jANavA mATe jyotirlAna aMdhArI koTaDImAM rAkhelI vastuo spaSTa dekhADanAra pradIpa samAna che.' 1. vizeSa jijJAsu sanmati saMdeza (dillI), varSa 10, aMka7, mAM prakAzita "gaMganareza mArasiMhakA samAdhimaraNa' zIrSaka mAro lekha jue.

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30 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa jAtakatilaka eka suMdara kRti che. kavie vivecya viSayonI saraLa zailImAM suMdara chaNAvaTa karI che. te maisUra rAjakIya pustakAlaya taraphathI prakAzita thayela che. graMtha hindImAM anuvAda karavA yogya che.' divAkarananTi temaNe umAsvAtinA tattvArthasUtranI kannaDavRtti lakhI che. A vAtano ullekha ApaNane nagaranA 57mA abhilekhamAM maLe che. divAkaranadinA guru bhaTTAraka candrakIrti hatA. ema jaNAya che ke divAkaranaji "siddhAntaratnAkara' nAmaka bahumUlya upAdhithI vibhUSita hatA. nagaranA 57mA tathA 58mA abhilekhomAM temanI khUba prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. uparyukta abhilekhonA lekhaka mallinAtha temanA ja praziSya hatA. divAkaranandinA ziSya sakalacandra ane sakalacandranA ziSya mallinAtha hatA. mallinAthanA pitA paTTaNasvAmI nokka paNa divAkaranadinA ja ziSya hatA. ukta zilAlekhomAM paTTaNasvAmI nokka dvArA pradatta dAnano vistRta ullekha che. uparyukta zilAlekho cAlukya zAsaka railokyamallanA zAsanakALamAM tathA vIra zAMtAranA samayamAM lakhavAmAM Avela hatA. 58mA zilAlekhamAM teno lekhanakALa paNa aMkita che, te zA. zaka saMvata 984 (I.sa.1062)mAM lakhavAmAM Avyo hato. sva. Ara. narasiMhAcArye potAnA "kavicarite'mAM divAkaranadino je samaya nirdhArita karyo che, te A ja zilAlekhanA AdhAra para karyo haze. temAM saMdeha nathI ke divAkaranadi eka suyogya vidvAna hatA. teo mAtra kannaDanA ja vidvAna na hatA, paraMtu saMskRtanA paNa vidvAna hatA. temaNe potAnI tasvArthavRttinuM maMgalAcaraNa saMskRtamAM nIce mujaba karyuM che - _ 'natvA jinezvaraM vIraM vakSye karNATabhASayA / ___tattvArthasUtramUlArtha mNdbuddhynurodhnH|| divAkaranadinI ukta tattvArthavRttinA aMte eka gadya che, jenAthI jANa thAya che ke temanA guru mAtra pUrvokta bhaTTAraka candrakIrti ja nahotA, paraMtu padmanandi siddhAntadeva paNa hatA. A vRttimAM vRttikAra divAkaranaktie potAnI A vRttino laghuvRtinA nAma sAthe ja ullekha karyo che. sAthe sAthe ja A gadyamAM divAkaranaktie potAne "AsAdhita samasta siddhAMtAmRtapArAvAra' batAvyA che. umAsvAtikRta 1. vizeSa jijJAsu "jatakatilaka' - "jaina saMdeza' (zodhAMka 28), bhAga-27, saM. 48, mathurA 1964, mAM prakAzita mAro lekha jue.

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paMpayuga 31. tattvArthasUtramAM dasa adhyAya che eTale vRttimAM paNa dasa ja prakaraNa rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. vastutaH divAkaranadi vizuddha caritra tathA sadguNonA dhAraka, yogI zreSTha, jainadharma pratye daDha zraddhALu ane dezIgaNanA bhUSaNarUpa eka prauDha vidvAna paNa hatA. zAMtinAtha temaNe "sukumAracarita' nAmaka caMpUkAvya lakhyuM che. A vAta zikAripuranA 136mA zilAlekhamAM paNa aMkita che. zilAlekha zA. zaka saM. 990 (kIlaka saMvatsara)mAM lakhavAmAM Avyo che. kavi zAMtinAtha bhuvanaikamalla (I.sa.10681076)nA sAmaMta lakSma nRpanA maMtrI hatA. temanA guru vrati vardhamAna, pitA goviMdarAja, agraja kannapArtha, anuja vAbhUSaNa ane revaNa hatA. nRpa lakSma temanA svAmI hatA. temaNe potAne daMDanAthapravara, paramajinapadAmbojinI rAjahaMsa, sarasvatI mukhamukara, sahajakavi, caturakavi, nissahAyakavi batAvyA che. A temanI padavIo jaNAya che. zAMtinAtha nRpa lakSmanA maMtrI ja nahotA, vanavAsInA arthAdhikArI, kAryadhuraMdhara ane tadrAjyasamuddhAraka paNa hatA. pUrvokta zilAlekhanA AdhAre kavi zAntinAthano samaya I.sa.1068 nizcita mAnavAmA Avyo che. zAntinAthanA AdezathI nRpa lakSma baligrAmanA zAntinAtha jinAlayano zilAnyAsa karyo hato. pUrvokta zikAripuranA zilAlekhamAM kavi zAMtinAthanI ghaNI stuti karavAmAM AvI che. sukumAracaritemAM 12 AzvAsa che. tiryagupasargonuM varNana karanArI bhavAvaliothI yukta A paurANika kathA manohara tathA mArmika che. vidvAnonI mAnyatA che ke zAMtinAthe koI anirdiSTa prAkRta mULamAMthI vArAdhanamAM Avela "sukumArasvAmikathA uparathI ja A graMthanI kathAvastu lIdhI haze. saMskRta ane kannaDamAM upalabdha anyAnya sukumAracaritro zAMtinAthanA A sukumAracaritranI pachInI racanAo che. A kAvyamAM sUradatta tathA yazobhadrAnA putra sukumAranuM caritra suMdara rIte varNita che. sukumAra yazobhadrAcAryanA upadezathI jAtismaraNa jJAna prApta karI virakta thaI jAya che tathA ukta AcArya pAsethI ja dIkSA grahaNa karI aMte mokSa prApta kare che. vidvAnono mata che ke zAMtinAthanuM A kAvya mahAkAvya ratra, ponna vagerenA kAvyothI nimna staranuM nathI. vastutaH zAMtinAtha eka prauDha kavi hatA. potAnI pratijJAnusAra teo A

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kAvyaracanAthI kRtakRtya thayA che. kavie potAnI kRtimAM pAribhASika zabdonI apekSAe sulabha zabdono ja prayoga vadhAre karyo che. kAvyanuM varNana hRdayaMgama tathA sajIva che. pAtra-racanAmAM kavie potAnA kuzaLatAno sAro paricaya Apyo che. A kAvyanuM eka vadhu vaiziSTaTya che teno kathAnirUpaNakrama. emAM saMdeha nathI ke nayasena jevA kathAlekhako mATe zAMtinAtha mArgadarzaka che. tema chatAM kavi zAMtinAtha para vaDArAdhaneno prabhAva rahyo hoya tevI ghaNI saMbhAvanA che. "sukumAracarite'mAM vAtAvaraNanuM nirUpaNa khUba ja svAbhAvika che. A kAvya zivamogganA karNATakasaMgha taraphathI prakAzita thaI cUkyuM che. nAgacaMda temaNe potAnI racanAomAM potAnA deza, kALa ane vaMza vagere saMbaMdhamAM kaMI paNa ullekha nathI karyo. pariNAme temanA deza, kALa ane vaMza vagere vize A samaye nizcita rUpe kaMI paNa nathI kahI zakAtuM. zrI. Ara. narasiMhAcArya, zrI dattAtreya bendra vagere keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke vijayapura arthAt vartamAna bIjApura nAgacandranuM janmasthAna hoI zake che. tenuM kAraNa ema batAvavAmAM Ave che ke kavie svayaM lakhyuM che ke "vijayapuramAM zrI mallinAtha-jinAlayanuM nirmANa karAvI meM mallinAtha purANanI racanA karI che.' paraMtu zrI goviMda 5 naMjezvara AnI sAthe sahamata nathI. teo nAgacandranI kRtio (paMparAmAyaNa tathA mallinAthapurANa)nAM keTalAMka padyonA AdhAre vanavAsI ke tenI pazcima sImA para avasthita samudratIravartI koI sthAnanuM kavinA janmasthaLa tarIke anumAna kare che (juo - abhinava paMpamAM prakAzita temano lekha). goviMda painuM kahevuM che ke koI paNa janazruti nirAdhAra nathI hotI. jo e vAta yathArtha hoya to mAnavuM paDaze ke nAgacandra potAnI pUrvAvasthAmAM cAlukya cakravartInA mahAmaMDalezvara hosala viSNuvardhananI rAjadhAnI dvArasamudramAM jaIne keTaloka samaya sudhI rahyA ane tyAM temaNe kavayitrI kaMtine samasyAo ApI hatI. mallinAthapurANa (AzvAsa 1, padya 40)mAM pratipAdita jinakathA nAgacandra prAya: viSNuvardhana (I.sa.1110-1115)nI sabhAmAM ja racI haze. je rIte temanA pUrvavartI mahAkavi ranna prathama sAyannanA, pachIthI mahAmaMDalezvaranA ane aMte cAlukya cakravartInI sabhAmAM pahoMcyA hatA, te ja rIte nAgacandra paNa

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paMpayuga 33 viSNuvardhananI sabhAmAMthI bIjApura jaIne tyAMnA cAlukya yuvarAja mallikArjunanI sabhAmAM rahyA haze ane lagabhaga 1120 I.mAM bIjApurano zilAlekha lakhyo haze. bijApuranA zilAlekhanA padya mAM ullekhita mallikArjunanA protsAhana tathA sahAyathI ja kavi nAgacandra vijayapura (bIjApura)mAM mallidevanA nAma mallijinendranuM maMdira banAvyuM haze ane tyAM ja "mallinAthapurANa'nI racanA karI haze. saMbhavataH graMtha samApta thatAM pahelAM ja mallikArjuna svargavAsI thaI gayA haze ane eTalA mATe pachIthI temanA anuja tRtIya somezvaranI sabhAmAM rahIne kavi nAgacaje uparyukta mallinAthapurANa pUruM karyuM haze. mallinAthapurANanA "ninavimavoHAM sanAta' nAmaka padyathI jANa thAya che ke kavi nAgacandra ghaNA saMpanna hatA. temanA graMthothI jANa thAya che ke kavine bhAratIkapUra, kavitAmanohara, sAhityavidyAdhara, caturakavi, nAsthAnaratnapradIpa, sAhitya-sarvajJa ane sUktimuktAvalaMsa padavIo maLI hatI. nAgacandranA guru muni bAlacandra hatA. paraMtu bAlacandra nAmaka ghaNI vyakti thaI che. eTalA mATe temAMthI kavi nAgacandranA guru muni bAlacandra kayA hatA, te kahevuM muzkela che. zrI govinda pai naMjezvarano mata che ke zravaNabelagoLanA 158mA zilAlekhamAM aMkita bAlacandra ja nAgacandranA guru haze. paraMtu A zilAlekhanA ghaNA akSaro jyAM-tyAM ghasAI gayA che jethI muni bAlacandra saMbaMdhamAM vizeSa kaMI paNa jANI zakAtuM nathI. durbhAgye zilAlekhamAM lekhanakALa paNa nathI ApavAmAM Avyo. chatAM paNa zrI govinda paino evo sunizcita mata che ke nAgacandra dvArA potAnA mallinAthapurANa (AzvAsa 1, padya 20) tathA paMparAmAyaNa (AzvAsa 1, padya 19)mAM stuta svaguru bAlacandra uparyukta bAlacandra ja che (juo, "abhinava paMpamAM prakAzita govinda paino lekha). karNapArya (lagabhaga 1140 I.) durgasiMha (lagabhaga 1145 I.), pArzva (I.sa.1205), jaa (I.sa.1209), madhura (I.sa. lagabhaga 1385), maMgarasa (I.sa.1508) vagere mAnya kavioe nAgacandranI stuti karI che. nAgavarma kezirAja vagere lakSaNa graMthakAroe paNa udAharaNarUpe nAgacandranA graMthonAM padyo uddhata karyA che. janmasthAna vagerenI jema kavi nAgacandranA kALa saMbaMdhamAM paNa vidvAnomAM matabheda che. "karNATakakavicarita'nA vidvAnuM lekhaka zrI narasiMhAcAryanuM anumAna che

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34 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa ke nAgacandrano samaya lagabhaga 1100 I. rahyo haze (karNATakakavicarite, pRSTha 29). zrI govinda painuM anumAna che ke kavi nAgacandrano janma I.sa.1090mAM thayo haze. ema paNa kahevuM che ke mallinAthapurANanI racanA samaye kavinI vaya cAlIsanI ane paMparAmAyaNanI racanA samaye pacAsanI rahI haze. A rIte temanuM anumAna che ke mallinAthapurANano racanAkALa I.sa.1130nI pahelAM ane paMparAmAyaNano racanAkALa I.sa.1140 rahyo haze ("abhinavapaMpa'mAM prakAzita temano lekha juo). AthI uparyukta baMne vidvAnonA mate kavi nAgacandrano samaya nisaMdeha agiyAramI zatAbdIno uttarAddha athavA bAramI zatAbdIno pUrvAddha rahyo haze. nAgacandranA kAlanirNaya mATe potAnA "kavicarite'mAM Ara. narasihAcArya je pramANa upasthita karyA che, te para keTalAka anya pramANo sAthe zrI govinda paie potAnA vimarzAtmaka lekhamAM vistArathI carcA karI che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke A mahattvapUrNa lekhamAM A saMbaMdhe ghaNo prakAza pheMkavAmAM Avyo che. tema devacandra (I.sa.1838)nA mate "jinamunitanaya" ane "jinAkSaramAlA' paNa nAgacandranI kRtio che, paraMtu jinamunitanayanA sAhityika prastutIkaraNane jotAM tene nAgacandranI kRti mAnavI yogya nathI, kemake nAgacandranI racanAo sAthe teno bilakula meLa nathI besato. ema lAge che ke A kRti paravartI koI sAmAnya kavi dvArA racavAmAM AvI che. Ara. narasiMhAcAryane maLelI jinamunitanayanI tADapatrIya pratanA aMtima padyamAM "muninUtanAgacandra' zabda aMkita che jenAthI jANI zakAya che ke jinamunitanayanA racayitAe potAnuM nAma abhinava nAgacandra rAkhI lIdhuM hatuM. paraMtu jinamunitanayanI mudrita pratamAM uparyukta "kavinUtanAgacandranA sthAne "yativinUtanAgacandra' chapAyeluM che. ema jaNAya che ke AnAthI ja A kRti nAgacandraracita samajavAmAM AvI che. jyAM sudhI jinAkSaramAlAno saMbaMdha che, A nAmanI eka laghukAya kRti e. eca. zeSaaThaMgAre saMpAdita karI madrAsathI prakAzita karI che. AnA racayitA mahAkavi ponna che. saMbhava che ke A ja nAmanI bIjI kRti nAgacandra dvArA racavAmAM AvI hoya. nAgacandranuM bIjuM nAma abhinava paMpa hatuM. temanA upalabdha be graMthomAM pahelo mallinAthapurANa ane bIjo paMparAmAyaNa che. paMparAmAyaNanuM aparanAma rAmacandracaritapurANa che. zrI govinda 2, dattAtreya bendra vagere vidvAnono mata che ke AmAMthI pahelAM mallinAthapurANa ane pachIthI paMpa rAmAyaNanI racanA

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paMpayuga 35 karavAmAM AvI hatI. pahelA graMthanuM graMthapramANa gadya-padya sAthe maLI 2031 che jayAre bIjA graMthamAM mAtra 2343 padya che. baMneno baMdha bahu ja lalita tathA manohara che. baMne graMthonA AzvAsonA aMte nimna gaghAMza lakhAyelo maLe che, "idu (1) paramajinasamayakumudanIzaraccandrabAlacandramunIndracaraNanakhakiraNacandrikAcakoraM bhAratIkarNapUraM zrImadabhinava-paMpaviracitamappaH / mallinAthapurANanI kathA nAnI che. mAtra rasapuSTi tathA AnuSaMgika varNanone kAraNe graMthanuM pramANa vadhI gayuM che. tema chatAM AmAM kalpanAsvAtaMtrya mATe paryApta zakyatA hatI. mallinAthanI apekSAe paMparAmAyaNa moTuM che. AmAM pAtronuM caritracitraNa bahu ja suMdara DhaMgathI thayuM che. graMthamAM laukika anubhavano puTa paNa yatheSTa rUpe maLe che. nAgacanTa mallinAthapurANanAM eka-be ja nahi, paraMtu aneka mahattvapUrNa suMdara padyo paMparAmAyaNamAM laI lIdhA che. kavi Agama, adhyAtma, arthazAstra, sAhitya vagere badhA viSayomAM niSNAta hatA. temanA gura muni bAlacandra paNa sakalaguNasaMpanna uccakoTinA vidvAnomAMnA hatA. AthI ziSya nAgacandranuM tadanurUpa hovuM sarvathA svAbhAvika che. zAMtarasa kavine adhika priya hato. AthI temanI baMne kRtio zAMtarasapradhAna che. AmAM niHzreyasa padaprAptinI lAlasAnI sAthosAtha guruno prabhAva paNa mukhya hetu hoI zake che. potAnA zraddheya guru vize nAgacandranI asIma bhakti hatI. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kavinAM tana, mana ane dhana A traNeya jinendradevanI sevA mATe ja arpita hatAM. eTalA mATe jinArcanA ane jinaguNavarNananI sAthe sAthe temaNe vijayapuramAM mallinAthajinAlayanuM nirmANa karAvI potAnA vaibhavane saphaLa banAvyo hato. paramajinabhakti, AcAryapAdapadhropajIvI nAgacandra potAnA kAvya tathA sadAcaraNa mATe amara raheze. bendrajInuM anumAna che ke mahAkavi hovAnI pahelAM nAgacandrane zilAlekhonA kavi hovAnuM saubhAgya paNa prApta hatuM kemake vijayapuranA zilAlekhomAM ja nahi paraMtu zravaNabelagoLanA keTalAya zilAlekhomAM temanA ghaNAM padya vidyamAna che. temAM saheja paNa saMdeha nathI ke jaina kavioe ja mukhyatve zAMtarasane apanAvyo che. kAvyAdhyayanano udezya rAgadveSa vadhAravAno nathI, paraMtu anaMta sukhanI AdhArabhUta darzana vizuddhinI prApti che. eka dharmaniSTha vyakti kavio pAsethI cakravartInA asIma vaibhava ke devendranA svargIya sukhanuM varNana sAMbhaLavA nathI mAgato, kemake te badhuM nazvara che. te cAhe che akSaya sukhane meLavavAno sugama tathA niSkaTaka upAya

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36 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa batAvanAra mahApuruSonAM saphaLa jIvanacaritra je tenA hRdayane sakaMpa tathA dravIbhUta karIne tenA ja caraNomAM tallIna karI zake. pratibhApuMja mahAkavi nAgacandramAM A guNa mojUda hato. varNanIya caritra ekaja janmanuM hoya ke aneka janmonuM, jo kavi temAM eka krama nirdhArita karavAmAM samartha hoya to tenI pratibhA prazasta che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke nAgaca mallinAthanA baMne janmonAM pAvana caritrane khUba ja buddhimattAthI eka mahAjanmanA pUrvApara rUpe citrita karyA che. temAM uttara janma saMbaMdhI madhura phaLonAM mukhya bIja pUrva janmanAM caritramAM spaSTa jhaLake che. kathAvastumAM apUrvatA lAvavAmAM kavi samartha thayA che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kavinuM racanA-kauzala sarvathA prazaMsanIya che. nAgacandra potAnA mallinAthapurANamAM mahAkavi paMpa dvArA pratipAdita (1) bhuvana (2) deza (3) pura (4) rAjavRtta (pa) avibhava (6) caturgati (7) tapomArga ane (8) phaLa A ATha kathAnakone ja saharSa apanAvyAM che. zrI bendra anusAra, mallinAthapurANanA 2031 gadya-padyomAMthI lagabhaga 23pa0 gadya-padya deza, pura, rAjavRtta vagerenAM varNana mATe ja racavAmAM AvyA che. janasAdhAraNanI jIvanazailIne kavie vistArapUrvaka khUba ja cittAkarSaka rIte prastuta karI che. temAM mAnavasukhanI carama sthiti sAthe sAthe ja jainendra padanI sarvotkRSTatAnuM paNa varNana che. nAgacandra arthAtaranyAsanA adhika premI hatA, phaLasvarUpa mallinAthapurANamAM tenI bahulatA che. * paMparAmAyaNa eka sarasa mahAkAvya che. teno Adarza IsunI sAtamI zatAbdImAM AcArya raviNa dvArA saMskRtamAM racita padmapurANa che. saMskRta padmapurANano Adarza I.sa. prathama zatAbdImAM vimalasUri dvArA racita prAkRta "paumariyamu" che. jaina paraMparAgata rAmacaritra ja A paMpa-rAmAyaNano pratipAdya viSaya che. temAM nAyaka rAmacandranA caritranA aMgasvarUpa vAsudeva lakSmaNa ane prativAsudeva rAvaNanuM caritra, cakravartI, gaNadhara tathA kulakaronAM caritra tathA caturgati, lokasvarUpa ane kAlasvarUpa vagere viSayonuM paNa vistArathI varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che (paMparAmAyaNa, AzvAsa 1, padya 41). rAmacandra, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa, sItA, nArada, hanumAna, vAli tathA sugrIva paMparAmAyaNanA pradhAna pAtro che. jIvanuM aMtima lakSya mokSanI sAdhanA tapasyA che. tapasyAmAM pravRtti virakti dvArA ja thAya che. AthI pAThakone AmAM temanI

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paMpayuga 37 viraktinAM apUrva dazya paNa jovA maLaze. A ja rIte AmAM janmAMtaranI kathAonAM dazyo paNa varNita che. vaibhavazALI moTA-moTA rAjA-mahArAjA paNa sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya nimitta maLatAM kaI rIte saMsArathI virakta thaIne Atma hitArtha kaThinathI kaThina tapasyA karavAmAM pravRtta thaI jAya che, tevI adUbhuta ghaTanAo paNa paMparAmAyaNamAM pracura parimANamAM maLe che. ahIM vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA paMparAmAyaNamAM maLatA keTalAka mukhya bhedano paNa ullekha karavo Avazyaka che. paMparAmAyaNamAM rAmanI mAtA aparAjitA ane zatrughnanI mAtA suprabhA darzAvavAmAM AvI che. sumitrAno lakSmaNa ekamAtra putra hato. jainapurANa anusAra rAma viSNuno avatAra nathI, paraMtu baladeva che ane lakSmaNa zeSanA avatAra nathI, paraMtu vAsudeva che. A ja rIte rAvaNa prativAsudeva che. rAma dharmanAyaka, lakSmaNa vIranAyaka ane rAvaNa prativAsudeva che. rAvaNano vadha rAma nahi paraMtu lakSmaNa kare che. sItA bhUmijA nahi, paraMtu janakanI putrI che. sItAne prabhAmaMDala nAmaka bhAI paNa hato. AmAM vizvAmitra, parazurAma ane maMtharAnI carcA ja nathI. sugrIva, vAli vagere vAnara nahi paraMtu vAnaravaMzIya vidyAdhara hatA. temanA dhvajo para kapinuM cihna rahetuM hatuM. rAvaNa sAthe temano saMbaMdha paNa hato. varuNanA yuddhamAM hanumAne rAvaNanI madada paNa karI hatI. ahIM rAma dvArA vAlinA vadhano ullekha ja nathI. A ja rIte paMpa-rAmAyaNamAM setubaMdhano ullekha nathI. kapidhvaja vidyAdharo AkAzagAminI vidyAnA baLe samudra pAra kare che. paMparAmAyaNa anusAra rAkSasa ane vAnara baMne ya vidyAdharavaMzanA hatA. hanumAna rAvaNanI bahenanA jamAI hatA. rAvaNanA durAcArathI risAIne hanumAna ane vibhISaNa rAma sAthe AvI maLyA. rAvaNa rAkSasa na hato, paraMtu rAkSasavaMzano hato. tenA dasa mastaka paNa na hatAM. zaMbuka rudra nahoto, rAvaNanI bahena candranakhAno dIkaro hato. "sUryahAsa" khaga mATe tapasyA karatAM tene lakSmaNe bhrAMtivaza mAryo hato, je rAvaNa dvArA sItApaharaNanuM ekamAtra kAraNa banI gayo. rAmano varNa goro ane lakSmaNano zyAma hato ane lakSmaNe ja rAvaNane mAryo hato, rAme nahi. rAma te ja bhavamAM mokSe gayA che. 1. vizeSa mATe "jaina saMdeza zodhAMka 12mAM prakAzita "jaina rAmAyaNake vividha rUpazIrSakamAro lekha juo.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa paMparAmAyaNamAM sItA dvArA agnipravezanI ghaTanA rAma-rAvaNa yuddha pachI tathA ayodhyA jatAM pahelAM ghaTita nathI thatI, paraMtu tethI ulaTuM lava-kuzanA janma pachI ghaTita thAya che. vastutaH agnipraveza pachI virakta thaI, te jina-dIkSA ja laI le che. viraktinuM kAraNa ekamAtra tenI para lagAvavAmAM Avela mithyA lAMchana ja hatuM. lakSmaNano adbhuta bhrAtRprema, sItAno asIma patiprema, vaibhavazALI suMdara ane zUravIra hovA chatAM paNa paradArAbhikAMkSI rAvaNano sItA dvArA tiraskAra, ahiMsAdi vratonuM mArmika varNana, vAnara, hAthI vagere pazuono dharma para acala prema, muni-ArthikA vagere tyAgI-tapasvIonAM Adarza caritronuM sajIva varNana vagere prasaMgo sAmAnya janatA para paNa UMDo prabhAva pADe che. 38 paMparAmAyaNamAM viza pAThaka rAvaNane mAnavocita dayA, kSamA, saujanya, gAMbhIrya tathA audArya vagere mahAna guNothI yukta joze. jaina rAmAyaNamAM ja nahi, paraMtu vAlmIkirAmAyaNamAM paNa keTalAka sthAno para rAvaNane 'mahAtmA' zabdathI saMbodhita karavAmAM Avyo che (suMdarakAMDa, sarga 5, 10, 11). eTaluM ja nahi, vAlmIki rAmAyaNathI ema paNa siddha thAya che ke rAvaNanI rAjadhAnImAM ghare-ghare vedapAThI vidvAna hatA ane pratyeka gharamAM havanakuMDa hato. dharmAtmA rAvaNanA mahelomAM kyAreya koI paNa azubha kArya nahotuM karavAmAM AvatuM, paraMtu pratipAdita zubha karma ja karavAmAM AvatAM hatAM (suMdarakAMDa, sarga 6 tathA 18).1 - paMparAmAyaNanA nimnalikhita prakaraNonuM varNana vizeSa ullekhanIya che - (1) svayaMvara pachI sItAne jovA kutUhalathI nArada muni rUpe AkAza mArge mithilA Ave che ane moko meLavIne aMtaHpuramAM praveza karI jAya che. chadmavezI nAradane sItA acAnaka joI jAya che ane temanA vicitra rUpathI bhayabhIta thaI, te jorathI cIsa pADI UThe che. te dayanIya avAja sAMbhaLI aMtaHpuranI rakSikAo doDI Ave che. tyAM sudhImAM nArada potAnA anucita vyavahAra mATe svayaM lajjita thaIne, tyAMthI pAchA cAlI nIkaLe che. A varNana svAbhAvika suMdara tathA khUba ja hRdayagrAhI che. Ano anubhava eka bhuktabhogI ja karI zake che. A varNanamAM satya, sauMdarya tathA cAturya vagere badhuM antarhita che (paMparAmAyaNa, AzvAsa 4, padya 80-88). 1. 'jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara', bhAga 6, kiraNa 1mAM prakAzita 'jaina rAmAyaNa kA rAvaNa'zIrSaka mAro lekha jue.

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paMpayuga 39 (2) ema jaNAya che ke nAgacandra udaMDa ghoDAonI cAlathI sArI rIte paricita hatA. sAthe sAthe ja ghoDA para caDavuM teo khUba pasaMda karatA hatA. eTalA mATe etajanya kavino anubhava sarvathA zlAghanIya che (paMparAmAyaNa, AzvAsa 4, padya 105, 206, 208, 111, 112, 114, 118 ane 120) (3) sItAnuM pativiyogajanya tathA rAmanuM patnIviyogajanya asIma duHkha paMparAmAyaNamAM khUba ja hRdayavidAraka rIte varNita che. A varNana vAMcavAthI vastutaH pAThakonI AMkho bharAI jAya che ane maryAdApuruSottama rAmacandra tathA pativratAziromaNi sItA pratye sahAnubhUti pedA thAya che (paMparAmAyaNa, AzvAsa 7, padya 107, 111, 113, 116, 117 ane 118). (4) A ja rIte "mallinAthapurANa'mAM vasaMtotsavanuM varNana paNa sarvathA paThanIya che. A varNanamAM khAsa karIne mAmara - mallikAlatAonuM vivAhavarNana eka kutUhalotpAdaka vastu che (mallinAthapurANa, AzvAsa 6, padya 40, 43, 44, 45 ane 46). nAgacandra eka rasika kavi hatA. sAthe sAthe ja temanAmAM agAdha pAMDitya paNa hAjara hatuM. A kRtiomAM sarvatra kavinI anuprAsapriyatA spaSTa dRSTigocara thAya che. yamakanA prayogathI tenuM kAvyasauMdarya vadhI gayuM che. sArAMza rUpe nAgacandranA graMthomAM anunAsika, daMtya ane anusvAranA AdhikyathI prApta sauMdarya vastutaH darzanIya che. bAramI zatAbdImAM kannaDanI bherI vagADanAra prathama kavi abhinavapaMpanA nAme vikhyAta nAgacandra ja che. mahAkavi nAgacandra eka udAma kavi che. temanA graMthomAM kSAtradharmanI apekSAe bhakti tathA vairAgyano pravAha ja vizeSa rUpe dRSTigocara thAya che. kavinI kRtio sarvatra zAMtarasathI otaprota che. A ja rasane anurUpa kavinI kAvyazailI paNa che. mahAkavi paMpa ane rannanI apekSAe nAgacandranI zailI lalita ane saraLa che. kaMti hajI sudhI A kavayitrIno koI svataMtra graMtha nathI maLyo. mAtra "kaMti haMpana samasyagaLa' nAmathI tenA keTalAka phuTakaLa padya cokkasa maLyAM che. dvArasamudranA ballAlarAyanI sabhAmAM mahAkavi abhinavapaMpa dvArA je samasyAo rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI, te samasyAonI pUrti teNe ja karI hatI. uparyukta saMgrahamAM pUrvokta

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa samasyAo tathA tenI pUrtio saMgRhIta che. kavi bAhubalie (lagabhaga 1560 I.) potAnA 'nAgakumAracarita'mAM dora (ballAla)-sabhAnI maMgalalakSmI, zubhaguNacaritA, abhinavavAdevI vagere suMdara vizeSaNo dvArA stuti karI che. AnAthI jJAta thAya che ke kaMti dvArasamudranA ballAlarAyanI sabhAmAM paMDitA rahI haze. abhinavavAdevI tenI padavI hatI. A kavayitrI vize devacandre potAnI 'rAjAvalI-kathe'mAM A mujaba lakhyuM che 40 dorAya dvA2samudra nAmaka eka vizALa jalAzayanuM nirmANa karAvI tathA dharmacandra nAmaka eka brAhmaNane potAno maMtrI niyukta karI sucArurUpe tyAMnuM rAjyakArya karato hato. maMtriputra svayaM adhyApana-kArya saMbhALato tathA bALakone chaMda, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa ane kAvya vagere badhA viSayo bhaNAvyA karato hato. adhyApaka maMdabuddhivALA bALakone mati-prakAzanArtha 'jyotiSmatI' nAmaka buddhivardhaka eka viziSTa tela taiyAra karI temAMthI maMdabuddhivALA bALakone ardha biMdunA parimANathI ApyA karato hato. telasevanavidhithI anabhijJa kaMtie prAyaH adhika lAbhanA lobhe gurujInI anupasthitimAM pAtrastha pUruM tela eka ja vAramAM pI nAkhyuM. phaLarUpe auSadhajanya asahya garamI na sahana thatAM tarata te doDIne kUvAmAM paDI gaI. tyAM kaMThapramANa pANImAM vadhu samaya sudhI rahevAthI jyAre telanI garamI ochI thaI tyAre te kUvAmAM UbhI thaIne suMdara kavitAo banAvavA lAgI. tyAre te apUrva ghaTanA joIne badhA AzcaryamAM paDI gayA. te vicitra samAcAra tarata dorAyanA AsthAna (sabhA maMDapa)mAM paNa pahoMcI gayA. A vAtanI vAstavikatAnI bhALa meLavavA rAjA dore potAnA AsthAnanA khyAtiprApta mahAkavi abhinavapaMpane mokalyo. ubhayabhASAkavi paMpe ghaTanAsthaLa para pahoMcIne kaMtine eka be nahi, seMkaDo prazno karyA. kavayitrI kuMtie paNa badhA praznonA ghaTatA uttara ApIne suyogya parIkSaka mahAkavine cakita karI dIdhA. pachIthI mahAkavi paMpe kaMtine rAjadarabAramAM pahoMcADI. darabAramAM dore tenI kavitAthI prasanna thaIne kaMtine potAnA AsthAnanI kavIzvarI ghoSita karI ane kaviyatrIne potAnA AsthAnamAM ja rAkhI. saMbhavataH kaMtinI 'abhinava vAgyevI'nI upAdhi vallabharAya dora dvArA ja pradAna karavAmAM AvI hatI. jo abhinavapaMpa dvArA kaMtine samasyAo ApavAnI

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paMpayuga vAta yathArtha hoya to kaMti, paMpanI samasAmayika siddha thAya che. abhinavapaMpano samaya lagabhaga 1100 I. che. uparyukta gALAmAM paNa dvArasamudrano tatkAlIna zAsaka ballAla (I.sa.1100-1106) ja hovo joIe. ema jaNAya che ke tenI sabhAmAM paMpa, kaMti vagere suyogya kavio avazya hatA. Aja sudhInA saMzodhana mujaba kannaDa kaviyitriomAM kaMti ja prathama kavayitrI che. keTalAka phuTakaLa ullekhothI jANa thAya che ke mahAkavi paMpa ane kaMti vacce barAbara saMvAda cAlato rahyo. sAthe sAthe ja ema paNa kahevAmAM Ave che ke koI prakaraNamAM eka divasa paMpe kaMti samakSa evuM paNa lIdhuM ke game te thAya koI divasa huM tArI pAse cokkasa mArI stuti karAvIza. A jaTila samasyA hala karavA mATe abhinavapaMpe eka divasa kaMti pAse potAnA mRtyunA du:khada samAcAra mokalAvyA. A khabarathI kaviyatrI kaMti bahu du:khI thaI ane doDatI paMpanA ghare pahoMcIne 'kavirAya, kavipitAmaha, kavikaMThAbharaNa, kavizikhA paMpa' vagere padyo dvArA kaMtie mahAkavi paMpanI muktakaMThe prazaMsA karI tyAre paMpa UThIne bahAra Avyo ane prasanna thaIne kaMtine kahyuM ke 'Aje mAruM pUrva paNa pUruM thaI gayuM.' kaMti paNa mahAkavine sAme joIne khUba prasanna thaI. 'kaMtihaMpanasamaspegaLu' nAmanAM je padya atyAre upalabdha thAya che, te sAhityanI dRSTie paNa suMdara che. kavayitrI kaMtinA saMbaMdhamAM AnAthI anya koI jANakArI upalabdha nathI. nayasena 41 temaNe 'dharmAmRta'nI racanA karI che. nAgavarme (lagabhaga 1145 I.) potAnA 'bhASAbhUSaNa'nA 'vIrthorniyasenasya' nAmaka sUtra (72)mAM uparyukta nayasenanA matAnusAra saMbodhanamAM dIrthano svIkAra karyo che. AnAthI siddha thAya che ke nayasene eka kannaDa vyAkaraNa paNa racyuM hatuM. paraMtu hajI sudhI tenI prati maLI nathI. kavinI kRtiomAM ekamAtra dharmAmRta ja upalabdha che. zrI narasiMhAcArya anusAra nayasene A dharmAmRta vartamAna dhAravAra jillA aMtargata mulugundamAM racyuM hatuM. zrI Ara. narasiMhAcArye potAnA 'kavicarite'mAM 'iizidhivAyumArpazazisaMzre' nAmaka dharmAmRtanA A asamagra padyanA AdhAre A graMthano racanAkALa zaka saMvata 1037 batAvyo che. paraMtu temaNe zaMkA prakaTa karI che ke ukta padyanA uttarArdhvamAM

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42 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa prayukta naMdana saMvatsara 1037mAM na AvatAM 1034mAM Ave che. AnAthI teo anumAna kare che ke "prAyaH jainamatAvalaMbI giri zabdathI 4no aMka le che ane jo mAruM A anumAna yogya hoya to dharmAmRta I.sa. 1011mAM racavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. paraMtu mArI jANakArImAM giri zabdathI 4no artha levo jainadharmane paNa mAnya nathI. eTalA mATe uparyukta aMtaranuM kAraNa bIjuM paNa kaMIka hovuM joIe. A kAraNa zodhavuM atyaMta jarUrI che. AzvAsanA Adyanta padyothI jANa thAya che ke nayasenane "sukavinikarapikamAkaMda' ane "sukavijanamanaHpadminIrAjahaMsanI padavIo maLI hatI. A sivAya AzvAsonA aMtanA gadyomAM temaNe potAne digaMbaradAsa nRtnakavitAvilAsa paNa batAvyA che (karNATaka kavicarite, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 228). sva. DaoN. zAmazAstrI ane jI. veMkaTasubbathyanA mate "vAtsalya ratnAkara' ane nRtnakavitAvilAsa paNa kavinI padavIo hatI (nayasena, pRSTha 6 ane dharmAmRtano uttarAddha). veMkasumbathyanuM ema paNa kahevuM che ke "nayasene potAnA vaMza, mAtA-pitA, AzrayadAtA vagere saMbaMdhamAM kaMI paNa nathI lakhyuM. A ja rIte temaNe potAnA gurunuM smaraNa to avazya karyuM che, paraMtu spaSTa nAma laIne nahi, paraMtu aividyacUDAmaNi, aividyacakrezvara, aividyalakSmIpati ane aividyacakrAdhipa vagere upAdhisUcaka zabdo dvArA ja karyuM che (kavicarite, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 228). kavie dharmAmRtamAM potAnA vaMza, mAtA-pitA, AzrayadAtA vagerenAM nAma eTalA mATe nahi lakhyAM hoya ke dharmAmRta racanAkALa vakhate te muni thaI gayA hatA. kemake temaNe potAnI kRtimAM nayasenadeva ane nayasanamunIndra vagere zabdo dvArA ja potAne spaSTa muni sUcita karyA che. vastutaH nayasena munionuM nAma che, nahi ke gRhasthonuM. muni avasthAmAM kavi potAnA pUrvavaMza, mAtA-pitA, AzrayadAtA vagere vize kaMI paNa nahoto lakhI zakato. joke potAnI guruparaMparA viSaye te ghaNuM badhu lakhI zakato hato. temanA A rIte mauna rahevAnuM kAraNa ajJAta che. chatAM paNa dharmAmRtanA "guruvidyAbdhinarendrasenagurupa' nAmaka padya dvArA "aividyacakrezvara muni narendrasenane kavie potAnA guru sUcita karyA che. nAmanA AdhAre narendrasena tathA nayasena A baMne ya guru-ziSya digaMbarAsnAyanA te ja suprasiddha senagaNanA munio siddha thAya che, jemAM prAtaH smaraNIya AcArya vIrasena, jinasena ane guNabhadrAdi mahAna AcAryo thaI cUkyA che. A bArAmAM

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paMpayuga 43 eka bIjI vAta rahI jAya che, te e che ke jo saMyasene "dharmAmRta" potAnI muni avasthAmAM muLagundamAM racyuM hoya, to pachI muLagundane kavinuM janmasthaLa mAnavuM ucita nahi gaNAya, kemake digaMbara muni koI paNa sthAna para dIrghakALa sudhI rokAI zakatA nathI. teo sadeva vihAra karatA rahe che. mAtra cAturmAsamAM zAstrokta rIte cAturmAsanI samApti sudhI eka sthAna para rokAya che. AvI sthitimAM muni nayasena muLagundanA nivAsI nahi, pravAsI ja rahyA haze. dharmAmRtanI racanA temaNe muLagundamAM ja karI hatI arthAt uparyukta graMthanA samApti kALamAM nayasena muLagundamAM cokkasa rahyA hatA. nayasenanI pahelAM ja kannaDa sAhityamAM kathA-sAhityano janma thaI cUkyo hato, vaDArAdhanA AnuM prabaLa pramANa che. vaDArAdhanA pachI nayasenanA kALa sudhIno bIjo koI A prakArano kathAgraMtha kannaDa sAhityamAM hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI thayo. A ja dRSTie jI. vaeNkasumbathyanuM e kathana yogya che ke janasAmAnya mATenI sAhityaracanAmAM nayasena ja pathapradarzaka rahyA. temAM saMdeha nathI ke nayasena A vAta sArI rIte jANatA hatA ke dharmanA prasAra-pracAramAM evI kathAo atyadhika upayogI thAya che, kemake pratyeka mAnava janmathI ja kathA sAMbhaLavA TevAyelo hoya che. vRddha dAdImAnI vicitra kathAothI ja bALakono vidyAbhyAsa zarU thAya che. bALakone kathA saMbhaLAvavAmAM dAdIne paNa ocho rasa nathI hoto. A rIte jema-jema kathA sAMbhaLavA ane saMbhaLAvavAnI abhiruci vadhatI jAya che tema-tema ja kathA sAhityano bhaMDAra bharAto jAya che. kannaDamAM kathA sAhityano janma kyAre thayo te kahevuM muzkela che. hA, eTaluM cokkasa kahI zakAya ke kannaDanA anyAnya aMgonI jema kathA sAhityanA janmadAtA paNa jaina kavio ja che. kannaDa kathA sAhityanA Aja sudhI upalabdha graMthomAM jaina graMtha vArAdhanA ja sahuthI prAcIna che. jI. veMkaTasuSmadhyanA A abhiprAyano huM paNa svIkAra karuM chuM ke prAraMbhamAM kannaDa kavioe purANomAM saMskRta mahAkAvyonI ja zailI apanAvIne potAnA graMthone janasAdhAraNanI apekSAe viddhabhogya ja vadhAre banAvyA che. dIrgha-samAsa, zleSa vagere kliSTa alaMkAro, aSTAdaza varNana, kaThina bhASA ane dharmane pratipAdita karanArI prauDha zailI vagerene kAraNe A purANo sAmAnya janatAnI jijJAsAne tRpta na karI zakyA. A hakIkatano svIkAra karavAmAM kavione khAsso samaya lAgyo. ghaNuM karIne kavioe 12mI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhamAM A tarapha najara karI. A ja

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44 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kAraNa che ke AnuM badhuM zreya nayasenane ApavAmAM Ave che. joke jI. veMkaTasubbaccanI e vAta sAthe huM sahamata nathI ke jainonuM badhuM kathA sAhitya vaidika ane bauddha kathA sAhityanuM rUpAMtara che. A saMbaMdhamAM temane eTaluM ja nivedana karavA mAgu chuM ke niSpakSa dRSTie samagra jaina kathA sAhityanuM eka vAra bArIkIthI adhyayana karI le. koI paNa viSayanA mAtra uparachallA adhyayananA AdhAre potAno mata Apavo yogya nathI. | nayasenane kannaDamAM saMskRtanA dIrgha samAsovALI jUnI prauDha zailInuM anukaraNa pasaMda na hatuM. eTalA mATe temaNe potAnA eka padyamAM evA jUnA kavionI khullA zabdomAM majAka paNa karI che. kathana che ke "saMskRtamAM lakho ke zuddha kannaDamAM, paraMtu kannaDamAM saMskRtanA dIrgha samAso joIne, zailIne gahana na banAvo. AnAthI tela ane ghInI bheLaseLanI jema baMnemAMthI kaMI paNa bhogayogya nathI rahetuM." tema chatAM temano abhiprAya evo nathI ke nayasena kannaDamAM saMskRta zabdo apanAvavAno niSedha kare che, uparyukta padyamAM ja taila ane vRta A saMskRta zo prayoga paNa karyo che. kahevAno abhiprAya eTalo ja che ke saMskRtanA sulabha zabdone kannaDamAM levAmAM koI hAni nathI. hA, kaThina zabdonA prayogathI kavino Azaya jANavAmAM janasAdhAraNane khUba takalIpha paDe che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke koI paNa graMtha sulabha zailImAM lakhavAthI ja lokamAnya thaI zake che. nayasena kRta dharmAmRtamAM kula 14 AzvAsa che. A AzvAsomAM kramazaH samyagdarzana, tenAM ATha aMga tathA ahiMsA vagere pAMca aNuvratonuM niraticAra anuSThAna karI sagati prApta karanArA mahAtmAonI pavitra kathAo suMdara DhaMgathI nirUpita che. graMthanI zailI saraLa svAbhAvika che. kavi saraLa zailInA ja pakSapAtI che. AmAM prasiddha vRtta ja adhika che, aprasiddha vRtta khUba ochAM che. A ja rIte AmAM kaMdo (chattva vizeSa)nI paNa adhikatA che. vilakSaNatA temanA gadyamAM A ja dRSTigocara thAya che. kannaDa caMpU graMthomAM AvatuM gadya adhika mAtrAmAM kAdaMbarI, harSacarita vagerenI zailInuM che. paraMtu A zailImAM ane nayasenanI zailImAM ghaNuM aMtara che. nayasenanI zailImAM zodhavA chatAM paNa prAcIna kavionA priya parisaMkhyA, virodhAbhAsa, zleSa, atyukti vagere alaMkAro nathI maLatA. kyAMya paNa juo, 1. A saMbaMdhamAM "upAyana' vagere abhinaMdana graMthomAM prakAzita "jaina kathA sAhitya zIrSaka mAro lekha juo.

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papayuga 45 sarvatra upamA, mAlopamA, dainaMdina anubhavanA prAsaMgika dRzyonuM sAdagya ane lokoktio vagere ja upalabdha thAya che. eTalA mATe paMDitone A graMtha camatkArarahita ane nIrasa pratIta thaI zake che, paraMtu sAmAnya janatA A ja rItanA graMthone adhika pasaMda kare che. tene camatkAritA ane alaMkAravaicitraya vagere pasaMda nathI hotAM. kannaDa zabdonA prayogamAM paNa nayasene vyAkaraNasammata tathA pUrvakavio dvArA prayukta zuddha prAcIna kannaDane na apanAvatAM potAnA kALanI navIna kannaDamAM ja graMtha racavAnI pratijJA karI che. harSanI vAta che ke kavie potAnI A pratijJAne aMta sudhI nibhAvI che. hA, pratijJAnusAra dharmAmRtamAM tatkAlIna kannaDanI sAthe sAthe ja gadyakAlIna kannaDa paNa upalabdha che. jainonA anuyoga-catuSTaya aMtargata prathamAnuyoga saMbaMdhI purANa, kAvya tathA caritra vagere graMthono ekamAtra Azaya mAnavane durAcArathI haTAvI sadAcAramAM lagADavAno che. eTalA mATe A anuyoga sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAra pratyeka graMthamAM pAThakone hiMsA vagere durAcArathI thanArI hAni tathA ahiMsA vagere sadAcArathI thanArI upalabdhio suMdara rIte darzAvavAmAM AvI che. je prakaraNamAM jenI pradhAnatA hoya, temAM tenI ja prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. "jenAM lagna tenAM gIta'nI lokokti ahIM caritArtha thaI che. - temAM saMdeha nathI ke mahApuruSonA caritrazravaNathI thoDA paNa samaya mATe, manamAM pApabhIti tathA saMsArathI virakti cokkasa thAya che. vastutaH mananI pavitratA ja AtmakalyANano pAyo che. eTalA mATe kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke "mana parva manuSyanAM vAramAM vaMdhamokSayoH'. saMpUrNa rAmAyaNanI kathA sAMbhaLyA pachI eka sAmAnya vyakti paNa eTaluM cokkasa jANI jAya che ke rAvaNanI jema na cAlatAM rAmanI jema cAlavuM joIe. rAmAyaNa sAMbhaLavAnuM e ja phaLa che. astu, nayasenanuM dharmAmRta paNa prathamAnuyoga saMbaMdhI graMtha che. Ano paNa udezya te ja che je prathamAnuyogasaMbaMdhI bIjA graMthono hoya che. zrI Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA zabdomAM nayasenano A graMtha mUdumadhurapadaguMphita, nItizlokajjaraMjita lalita kRti che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke dharmAmRtanA racayitA nayasena eka prauDha kavi che.

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46 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa rAjAditya : temaNe vyavahAragaNita, kSetragaNita, vyavahAraratna, lIlAvati, citrahasuge, jainagaNitasUtraTIkodAharaNa vagere gaNita graMthonI racanA karI che. temanA graMthothI jANa thAya che ke temanA bhAskara, vAcavAcaDhe, vAcirAja vagere aneka nAma hatAM. sAthe sAthe ja temane gaNitavilAsa, ojebeDaMga, padyavidyAdhara vagere padavIo maLela hatI. kaMDimaMDalAMtargata pUvinabAge temanI janmabhUmi hatI. rAjAdityanI patnInuM nAma kanakamAlA hatuM. kavie potAne "kavIzvaranikasabhAyogya' kahyA che. tenAthI jANa thAya che ke te darabArI paMDita rahyA haze. kavie zubhacandrane potAnA guru batAvyA che. rAjaditye potAnI racanAmAM viSNunupAlano nAmollekha karyo che. anyAnya AdhArothI e siddha thAya che ke hoysala rAjA viSNuvardhane lagabhaga I.sa.1111thI 1142 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM. saMbhavataH kavi rAjaditya A ja viSNuvardhananA samakAlIna hatA. zravaNabelagolanA 117mA abhilekhathI jJAta thAya che ke eka zubhacandra 1123mAM svargavAsI thayA hatA. e ja kavinA guru hovAnuM jaNAya che. jo e vAta barAbara hoya to rAjAditya viSNuvardhananA sabhApaMDita hoI lagabhaga 1120mAM jIvita rahyA haze. rAjAditye potAnA pAMDitya tathA guNone samastavidyAcaturAnana, vibudhAzritalpamahIla, AzritakalpamahIja, vidyutabhuvanakIrti, ziSTaSTa-jamaikAzraya, amalacaritra, anurUpa, satyavAkya, parahitacarita, susthira, bhogI, gaMbhIra, udAra, saccaritra, akhilavidyAvidda, janatAsaMstutya, urvIzvara nikarasabhAsevya vagere zabdo dvArA vyakta karyA che. temanI racanAomAM vyavahAragaNita eka gadyapadyAtmaka kRti che. temAM sutrone padyarUpe lakhIne TIkA tathA udAharaNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. graMtha ATha adhikAromAM vibhakta che. pratyeka adhikArane hAra saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI che. AmAM kavie svayaM kahyuM che ke "A graMtha meM phakta pAMca divasamAM lakhyo che." sAthe sAthe ja temaNe potAnA graMthanI paryApta prazaMsA paNa karI che. rAjAdityanA vyavahAragaNitamAM sahajatrarAzi, vyastatraya rAzi, sahajapaMcarAzi, vyastapaMcarAzi, sahajasaptarAzi, vyastasaptarAzi, sahajanavarAzi, vyastanavarAzi vagere aneka viSaya che. zrI Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA mate kannaDamAM gaNitazAstra lakhanAra kaviomAM rAjAditya ja prathama kavi che. temaNe gaNitazAstra sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAra prAyaH badhA viSayono potAnA graMthomAM saMgraha karyo che. janatAne sulabhatAthI

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paMpayuga samajAvavA mATe gaNitazAstra padyarUpe lakhavuM bahu kaThina che, chatAM paNa temaNe sUtro tathA udAharaNo khUba ja lalita padmomAM abhivyakta karavAno saphaLa prayatna karyo che. A padyothI e vAta spaSTa che ke te mAtra gaNitazAstra-marmajJa ja na hatA, paraMtu eka prauDha kavi paNa hatA. te jJAta nathI ke rAjAdityanA A graMthono Adarza kyo graMtha hato. rAjAdityano bIjo graMtha kSetragaNita ane trIjo vyavahAraratna che. vyavahAraratnamAM kula pAMca adhikAra che. kavino cotho graMtha jainagaNitasUtrodAharaNa che. AmAM prazna ApIne uttara meLavavAnuM vidhAna batAvyuM che. rAjAdityano pAMcamo graMtha citrahasuge che. A sUtraTIkArUpa che. temano chaThTho graMtha lIlAvatI che, je padyarUpa che. temAM gaNitIya samasyAone udAharaNa sahita samajAvavAmAM AvI che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke rAjAditya eka sArA gaNitajJa hatA. saMbhava che ke vidvAnonI dRSTie ojhala temano gaNitazAstra saMbaMdhI anya paNa koI mahattvapUrNa graMtha rahyo hoya. kIrtivarma 47 temaNe 'govaidya' nAmaka graMtha lakhyo che. temanA pitA trailokyamallAdhipa, agraja vikramAMka narendra ane guru devacandra muni hatA. temanA lagabhaga samakAlIna kavi brahmazive paNa potAnI 'samayaparIkSA'mAM uparyukta vAtonuM samarthana karyuM che, eTaluM ja nahi brahmazivanA kathanAnusAra kavinA pitA trailokyamallAdhipa cAlukyavaMzI hovAnuM sAbita thAya che. cAlukya vaMzamAM trailokyamalle I.sa. 1042thI 1068 sudhI tathA temanA putra vikramAditye I.sa. 1076thI 1126 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM. A ja vikramAditya kavinA moTA bhAI haze. AvI sthitimAM kIrtivargano samaya I.sa.1125 mAnavo asaMgata nathI. A ja mata zrI Ara. narasiMhAcAryano paNa che. vikramAdityanA be bhAI hatA--eka jayasiMha (tRtIya) ane bIjA viSNuvardhanavijayAditya. te jJAta nathI ke kIrtivarSa A bemAMthI eka hato ke judo. ema jaNAya che ke trailokyamallanI ketaladevI nAmaka eka jainadharmAnuyAyinI rANI paNa hatI ane teNe potAnI taraphathI keTalAMka jinAlaya paNa banAvyAM hatAM. saMbhava che ke kavi tenA ja putra hoya. zrI Ara. narasiMhAcAryanuM kahevuM che ke zravaNabelagolastha 64mA abhilekha (1168 I.)mAM pratipAdita guruparaMparAmAM rAghavapAMDavIyanA 1. Antiquity, Vol.XIX, P. 268.

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48 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa racayitA zrutakIrtinA samakAlIna koI devacandranI paNa stuti karavAmAM AvI che. A ja devacandra kavinA guru rahyA haze. kIrtivarge potAnA saMbaMdhamAM kavikIrticandra, kandarpamUrti, samyaktaratnAkara, budhabhavyabAMdhava, vaidyaratna, kavitAbdhicandram, kIrtivilAsa vagere vizeSaNono ullekha karyo che. vastutaH e eka ullekhanIya vAta che ke jaina kavioe pratyeka viSaya para potAnI kalama calAvI che. A kavioe mAtra mAnava hita mATe ja nahi, pazupakSIonA maMgala mATe paNa ghaNuM karyuM che. Ama ahiMsA-pradhAna jaina dharmanA anuyAyI mATe A koI navI vAta nathI. jaina tIrthakaronI samavasaraNasabhAmAM paNa koI bheda-bhAva vagara prANImAtrane praveza karavAno tathA temanA kalyANakArI upadezane sAMbhaLavAno pUrNa adhikAra prApta hato. vastutaH je dharmamAM A prakAranI udAratA nathI, te vizvadharma kahevaDAvavAno dAvo na karI zake. eTalA mATe kIrtivarmano A prayAsa vAstavamAM stutya ja nahi, anukaraNIya paNa che. saMskRtamAM "mRgapakSizAstra nAmaka eka bIjo jainagraMtha che je potAnA viSayanI eka amUlya kRti che. A graMthanI prazaMsA mAtra paurvAtya vidvAnoe ja nahi, pAzcAtya vidvAnoe paNa muktakaMThe karI che. hAlamAM A graMtha aprApya che. kIrtivarmanA govaidyamAM govyAdhionAM auSadha, maMtra ane yaMtra vagere vistArathI batAvavAmAM AvyAM che. A graMtha prazaMsanIya che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kIrtivarmano prayAsa prazaMsanIya che. brahmaziva temaNe samaya parIkSA tathA railokyacUDAmaNistotranI racanA karI che. temanuM gotra vatsa, janmasthaLa poTTaNagere ane pitA siMgarAja che. kavie potAne angalano mitra batAvyo che. paraMtu te jJAta nathI ke A agnala kayA hatA? kama se kama te candraprabhapurANanA racayitA agnaladeva (1189) to nathI ja. brahmazivanA guru muni vIranadi che. samayaparIkSAnA eka padyathI kavi saura, kaulottara vagere saMpradAyo tathA veda ane smRti vagere dharma graMthonA vizeSajJa hovAnuM jaNAya che. temaNe uparyukta dharmagraMthone sArahIna batAvyA che. tenA eka padyathI e paNa jANa thAya che ke pahelAM te zaiva hatA. tene sArahIna anubhavI, pachIthI temaNe jainadharmano svIkAra karyo 1. vizeSa jIjJAsu lokopayogI jaina kannaDa graMtha' zIrSaka mAro lekha jue.

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paMpayuga 49 hato. tenI puSTi kavinA nAmathI paNa thAya che. railokya cUDAmaNistotranA aMtima padyathI siddha thAya che ke rAjasammAna sAthe sAthe temane "kavicakravartI'nI padavI paNa maLI hatI. brahmazive potAnI samayaparIkSAno AraMbha cAlukya trailokyamallanA putra kIrtivarganI stutithI karyo che. tenAthI brahmaziva kIrtivarmanA samakAlIna (I.sa.1125) hovAnuM jaNAya che. temanA guru muni vIranadi I.sa.111pamAM svargastha meghacandra-saivighanA ziSya hovAnuM jaNAya che. A vIranadi te ja che, jemaNe zaka saMvat 1076 (I.sa.1153)mAM svakRta AcArasAranI eka kannaDa TIkA lakhI hatI (kannaDa vicarite, pRSTha 168). joke zravaNabelagolanA uparyukta zilAlekhamAM AcArya vIranandino ullekha meghacandranA "AtmajAta' rUpe thayo che, eTale zrI Ara. narasiMhAcArye potAnA "kavicarite'mAM AtmajAtano artha putra karyo che, paraMtu ahIM AtmajAta zabdano artha putra nA karatAM ziSya karavo ja sarvathA ucita che, kemake muni avasthAmAM koInI paNa sAthe putra, pautrAdi pahelAMno saMbaMdha joDavo sarvathA Agamaviruddha che. jyAre teo eka vAra badhuM tyAgIne ekAttataH akiMcana banI gayA tyAre temanI sAthe putrAdino pUrva saMbaMdha kema joDI zakAya ? vastutaH ziSya putratulya hovAne kAraNe AlaMkArika zabdomAM tene AtmajAta, Atmaja, tanuja vagere kahevAmAM Ave che. kezirAje potAnA "zabdamaNidarpaNa'nA 75mA sUtra nIce brahmazivanA eka padyanA aMtima bhAgane udAharaNa rUpe uddhata karyo che. kavie jaismArganizcitacitta, jinasamayasudhArNava-dharmacandra, jinadharmAmRtavArSivardhana zazAMka, tIvramithyAtvabaMdhacakkAMzu vagere zabdo dvArA potAnA guNo prakaTa karyA che. - samayaparIkSAmAM dharmane AmAMgamadharma ane anAyAgamadharma A be bhAgomAM vibhakta karavAmAM Avyo che. kavie AmAM saura, zaiva, vaiSNava vagere dharmone amAnya tathA sadoSa TharAvI jaina dharmane sarvotkRSTa batAvyo che. graMtha prAraMbhathI aMta sudhI kaMda padyomAM ja racavAmAM Avyo che. te paMdara adhikAromAM vibhakta che. graMthano baMdha saraLa tathA lalita che. kannaDa sAhityanA marmajJo A prakAranA samIkSAgraMthone lakhanAra kannaDa kaviomAM brahmazivane prathama kavi mAne che. pratyeka vicArazIla vyakti e vAtano avazya svIkAra karaze ke dareka lekhaka para deza ke tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNano prabhAva cokkasa paDe che, tene koI rokI zakatuM

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa nathI. eTalA mATe sarvaprathama brahmazivakAlIna vAtAvaraNanuM adhyayana karavuM khUba ja Avazyaka che. vastutaH A yuga khaMDana-maMDanano yuga hato. karNATakamAM ja nahi paraMtu saMpUrNa dezamAM khaMDana-maMDananI pravRttio cAlI rahI hatI, AthI anya matonuM khaMDana karIne brahmazive koI anucita kAma nahotuM karyuM. vaLI koI paNa dharma potAnI sattAne tyAM sudhI ja kAyama rAkhI zake che jyAM sudhI te dezanA tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNane anukULa potAnA bAhyarUpamAM kaMIka ne kaMIka parivartana svIkArI le. tenAM dhArmika ItihAsamAM eka-be nahi seMkaDo dRSTAnta jovA maLe che. Ane ja lakSyamAM rAkhIne AcArya jinasene potAnA kALamAM jaina dharmanA bAhya rUpamAM ghaNuM ja parivartana karI nAkhyuM hatuM. 50 tenuM ekamAtra kAraNa dezanuM kSubdha vAtAvaraNa ja hatuM. vAstavamAM jo teo te samaye rUDhivAdI banI raheta to khabara nahi karNATakamAM jaina dharmanI zuM sthiti hota ? AcArya jinasene te samaye khUba ja dUradarzitAthI kAma lIdhuM, nahitara moTo anartha thaI jAta. jainAcAryomAM paraspara dekhAtA mAnyatA-bhedanuM mULa kAraNa paNa dezanuM tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa ja che. niSpakSa jainetara vidvAnono paNa mata che ke samayaparIkSAthI tatkAlIna samAjanI paristhitino bodha thAya che. brahmazivanI bIjI kRti trailokyacUDAmaNistotra che. temAM chavvIsa (26) vRtta che. tenuM aparanAma chavvIsaratnamAlA paNa che. pratyeka padya trailokyacUDAmaNi zabdathI samApta thAya che. AmAM brahmazive anya matonI mAnyatAonuM khullA zabdomAM khaMDana karyuM che. ema to samAlocanA koI kharAba vastu nathI, chatAM paNa temAM kaDaka zabdono upayoga na karatAM saumya zabdono prayoga Avazyaka che. koI paNa vAtane kaDavA zabdonI apekSAe mIThA zabdo dvArA samajAvavI adhika lAbhadAyI thAya che. ulaTuM kaDavA zabdonA prayogathI kyAreka-kyAreka moTo anartha paNa thaI jAya che. samAlocanAnuM paNa eka stara hovuM joIe. karNapArya temaNe neminAthapurANanI racanA karI che. karNIpa, karNAmayya vagere temanA keTalAMya nAma hatA. karNapAryane 52majinamatakSIravArAzicandra, samyaktvaratnAkara, bhuvanaikabhUSaNa, gAMbhIryaratnAkara, bhavyavanajavanamArtaMDa vagere aneka padavIo maLI hatI. temaNe potAnI racanAmAM kyAMya paNa potAno samaya batAvyo nathI. ethI karNapAryanA samaya saMbaMdhamAM vidvAnomAM matabheda che. Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA mate

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paMpayuga 51 karNapAyano samaya I.sa.1140, DA. veMkaTasuSmadhya ane ema. govinda 2 anusAra I.sa.1174 ane eca. zeSAvRMgAranA mate I.sa.1130thI 1135 che. game te hoya, eTaluM sarvasaMmata che ke karNapArya 12mI zatAbdInA kavi che. neminAthapurANanA racayitA karNapAryanA zraddheya guru mAladhArI devanA ziSya kalyANakIrti che. zrI eca. zeSaaThaMgAranA mate zravaNabelagola0 zilAlekha aMka da9mAM aMkita maladhArI hemacandranA athavA temanA sAdharmika mAdhanaMdinA ziSya kalyANakIrti ja karNapAryanA guru che. guru kalyANakIrti pachI karNapArya dvArA saMstuta bAlacandra, zubhacandra vagere kalyANakIrtinA ja sAdharmika jaNAya paDe che, kemake pUrvokta abhilekhamAM mUlasaMghanA dezIyagaNanI vakragacchIya zAkhA bAlacandranI sAthe sAthe zubhakIrti vagere bIjA paNa aneka jaNane maladevanA sAdharmika kahevAmAM AvyA che. tema chatAM pUrvokta zilAlekhamAM tenA lekhanakALa ane temAM varNita guruparaMparAno samaya nathI ApavAmAM Avyo. Ara. narasihAcArye cannArAyapaTTaNanA 168mA zilAlekhanA AdhAre gopanaMdinA ziSya mAladhArI deva ane temanA sAdharmika kalyANakIrtino nAmollekha karanAra zravaNabelagolanA uparyukta zilAlekhano kALa I.sa.1100 nirdhArita karyo che. temanuM kahevuM che ke zravaNabelagolanA ukta zilAlekhamAM pratipAdita maladhArI devanA guru gopananTine I.sa.1094mAM vikramAdityanA putra yayaMga dvArA eka dAna ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. eTalA mATe zilAlekhAMtargata gopanaMdi, temanA ziSya maladhArI deva ane temanA sAdharmika kalyANakIrtino kALa I.sa.1100 hovo joIe. paraMtu zrI eca. zeSa aThaMgAra zrI Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA A mata sAthe sahamata nathI. temanuM kahevuM che ke vikramAdityanA putra yarayaMga pAsethI dAna grahaNa karanAra gopanaMdithI temanA ziSya maladhArI devAno samaya prabaLa purAvA vagara mAtra 6 varSa pAchaLano nirdhArita karavo yogya na kahI zakAya. paraMtu carAyapaTTaNa tAlukA tagaDUranA naM. 198 (I.sa.1130)nA zilAlekhamAM pratipAdita kalyANakIrti ane zravaNabelagolanA zilAlekhamAM aMkita karNapAryanA guru kalyANakIrti A baMne eka ja che. AvI sthitimAM kalyANakIrtino kALa I.sa.1130nI pachI ja mAnavo samucita che. vaLI tagaDUranA uparyukta zilAlekhamAM I.sa.1111thI 1141 sudhI rAjaya karanAra hoysala viSNuvardhananA pAdapapropajIvI daMDanAyaka mariyAne tathA bharatano ullekha maLe che. AthI tagaDUrano A zilAlekha I.sa. 1111thI

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa * 1141nI vacce arthAt 1130mAM lakhavAmAM Avela hato, tema mAnavuM yogya ja che. 52 kavi karNapArye potAnA guru kalyANakIrtinI khUba prazaMsA karI che. tenAthI sAbita thAya che ke muni kalyANakIrti khare ja eka asAdhAraNa vyakti hatA. teo cAritrathI ja nahi, paraMtu jJAna ane guNothI paNa saMpanna hatA. eTalA mATe akhila vidvatsamAja temanI samakSa natamastaka hato. cAre tarapha temanI nirmaLa kIrti phelAyelI hatI. nirmaLa, svaccha tathA aninda vizeSaNa ja temanI ujjavalatAne vyakta kare che. e ja kAraNa che ke karNapArye muni kalyANakIrtinuM neminAthapurANanA pratyeka AzvAsanA aMtima padyamAM 'sAzcaryacAritracakravartI'rUpe sAdara smaraNa karyuM che. eTalA mATe to teone 'sadbhavyasaMsevya' mAnavAmAM AvyA che. zravaNabelagolanA zilAlekhamAM paNa kalyANakIrtinI khUba prazaMsA maLe che. vAstavamAM karNapArya jevA rAjamAnya tathA lokamAnya sukavinA guru sAmAnya vidvAna kevI rIte hoI zake ? have kavi karNapAryanA AzrayadAtAne lo. rAjA vikramAdityano maMtrI lakSya ke lakSmaNa ja karNapAryano AzrayadAtA hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. karNapArye potAnA neminAthapurANamAM pitA gaMDarAditya, putra vijayAditya tathA vijayAdityanI rANI ponnaladevInI khUba prazaMsA karI che. vaLI kavie potradevIne vividha kalAonI pravINatAmAM sarasvatI, rUpamAM rati, sauMdaryamAM hemavatI, darzanavizuddhimAM revatI ane patibhaktimAM aruMdhatI batAvI che. A ja rIte karNapArye potAnA AzrayadAtA lakSmaNanI paNa khUba ja prazaMsA karI che. A ja prasaMgamAM kavi karNapArye lakSmaNanA anuja vardhamAna ane zAMta tathA zAMtanA pitA govardhana ke gopaNano paNa ullekha karyo che. A ullekhamAM kavie vardhamAnanuM akhilAzAvartitakIrti, makaradhvajamUrti ane urvInutaguNavidhAna tathA zAMtanuM akhilavidyAkAMta urvIjanasevya vagere vizeSaNo sAthe smaraNa karyuM che. zAMtanA zraddheya pitA gopaNane kavie darzana pratibhAthI laIne parigrahatyAga sudhInI pratimAo pALanAra zrAvakottama batAvyA che. A ja rIte graMthAMtamAM potAnA ArAdhya deva neminAthanI sAthe sAthe temaNe lakSmaNanA anuja vardhamAna ane zAMta ane zAMtanA pUjya pitA gopaNanI paNa prazaMsA karI che. jo ke graMthAraMbhe lakSmaNanI patnI vize kaMI paNa nathI kahevAmAM AvyuM paraMtu ahIM tenI khUba prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. tene jina pUjAmAM zacI, caturvidha dAnamAM attimabbe ane jinabhaktimAM zAMtalAdevI batAvavAmAM AvI che. tene

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paMpayuga 53 zIlaratnamaDitA, ziSTajanakalpalatA vagere vizeSaNothI vibhUSita karavAmAM AvI che. zrI. Ara. narasiMhAcAryanuM kahevuM che ke rAjAne gaMDarAditya, lakSmaNa, lakSmIdhara, vardhamAna ane zAMta A rIte pAMca putro hatA. kavi karNapAryano AzrayadAtA lakSma athavA lakSmaNa vijayAdityano sahodara lakSmaNa ja che. paraMtu DA. veMkaTasuSmadhya zrI narasiMhAcAryanA A mata sAthe sahamata nathI. temanuM kahevuM che ke gaMDarAditya ane lakSmaNanA pitA govardhana (gopaNa) bhinna bhinna vyakti che. gaMDarAdityane vijayAditya nAmaka eka ja dikaro hato. karNapAryano AzrayadAtA lakSmaNa mAtra teno maMtrI hato. tenA be bhAI hatA vardhamAna ane zAMta. veMkaTasuSmadhyanuM A kathana karNapArkanA nemipurANanA kathana sAthe biskula meLa khAya che. eTalA mATe mane paNa A ja kathana yogya lAge che. veMTasubbaccano evo mata ke vijayAdityano koI sahodara bhAI na hato, I.sa. 116panA ephasAMbinA abhilekha sAthe meLa khAto nathI, kemake temAM spaSTa lakhyuM che ke vijayAditya gaMDarAdityano jayeSTha putra hato. sAthe sAthe ja kavi karNapArya dvArA prayukta rUpanArAyaNa padavIra thI paNa mAnavuM paDaze ke teno AzrayadAtA lakSmaNa rAjavaMzIya cokkasa hato, kemake kavie gaMDarAditya tathA vijayAditya mATe paNa A ja padavIno prayoga karyo che. neminAthapurANanA saMpAdaka eca. zeSaayaMgAre tenI prastAvanAmAM anyAnya sthaLonA keTalAya zilAlekhono havAlo ApI e sAbita karyuM che ke te zilAlekhomAM pratipAdita rAjA vijayAditya ane kavi karNapArya dvArA neminAthapurANamAM ulikhita vijayAditya A baMne abhinna che. A vijayAdityano samaya I.sa.1143thI 1164 sudhI hovo joIe. ahIM sudhI ApaNe karNapAryanA samaya saMbaMdhamAM vicAra karyo. have jovAnuM e che ke karNapAryanuM janmasthaLa kayuM che. A pahelAM ja kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke teNe potAnI kRtimAM kyAMya paNa potAnA janmasthaLa, vaMza ane mAtApitA vagereno ullekha nathI karyo. AvI sthitimAM kavinA janmasthaLa, vaMza vagere saMbaMdhamAM nizcita rUpe kaMI paNa nathI kahI zakAtuM. neminAthanA samavasaraNanA varNanamAM tIrthaMkara neminAtha dvArA dharmapracArArthe 1. maisura ArkIolojikala rIporTa- 1916, pRSTha48-50. 2. neminAthapurANa, AzvAsa 1, padya 30.

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54 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa vihAra karAyelA dezomAM sarvaprathama karahATa (kolhApura)nuM nAma AvyuM che (AzvAsa 13, padya 103). karNapArthane karATanA zilAhAra vaMzI rAjA vijayAdityanA maMtrI : lakSma athavA lakSmaNanuM saMrakSaNa prApta hatuM. eTalA mATe vidvAnonuM anumAna che ke kolhApura ja karNapAryanuM janmasthaLa haze. paraMtu baliSTha pramANonA abhAve ema mAnavuM samucita nathI ke kolhApura ja kavinuM janmasthaLa che, kemake samavasaraNanA vivaraNamAM kavie sahu prathama karavATanuM je rIte nAma lakhyuM che, tenuM bIjuM paNa koI adRSTa kAraNa hoI zake. AthI temanA vaMza, mAtA-pitAdi saMbaMdhe A samaye kaMI paNa kahI nathI zakAtuM. have karNapAryanA amarakAvya neminAtha-purANa vize paNa be zabda kahevA jarUrI che. A purANamAM dezanivezavarNana, puMDarIkiNI nagaranuM aizvaryavarNana, rAjyavaibhavavarNana ane devagativarNana (AzvAsa 1) cittAkarSaka che. A ja rIte bhagavAna neminAthanA garbhavataraNa tathA janmAbhiSeka (AzvAsa 8), vairAgya, dAna, tapa, kevalajJAnotpatti tathA samavasaraNa varNana (AzvAsa 13) ane nirvANanuM varNana paNa mArmika che. sAthe ja pradyumnakumAra, pAMDavo tathA baladevanI tapasyAnuM varNana (AzvAsa 14) paNa vizeSa cittAkarSaka che. jyAM sudhI rasano saMbaMdha che jaina kAvya tathA purANono pradhAna rasa zAMta rasa che. paraMtu te paNa eka sarvamAnya tathya che ke AsvAdakone eka ja rasathI saMtoSa nathI thaI zakato. eTalA mATe zAMtarasanI sAthe sAthe jainapurANo tathA kAvyomAM zRMgArAdi zeSa rasa paNa yathAsthAna prakaraNAnukUla ucita mAtrAmAM nibaddha karI devAmAM AvyA che. mahAkavi nAgacandranuM kathana che ke je rIte siddharasathI loha suvarNa banI jAya che te ja rIte zAMtarasanA saMparkathI pApa pravRttinA janaka zRMgArAdi rasa paNa puNyanuM kAraNa banI jAya che. prastuta kAvyamAM paNa zAMtarasa tathA teno sthAyIbhAva nirveda vizeSa rUpe varNita che. prathama AzvAsamAM nAgadatta ibhakatuM ane prItimati-ciMtAgatinA vairAgya prasaMgomAM tathA dvitIya AzvAsamAM arvadAsa amitagAmI amitateja ane supratiSThanA vairAgya prasaMgomAM zAMtarasa, tRtIya AzvAsamAM zAntanuM ane pAMDu-kuMtinA prasaMgomAM zRMgArarasa, supratiSThanA upasargamAM karuNa rasanI abhivyakti thaI che. caturtha tathA paMcama AzvAsamAM smazAnanA varNanamAM bIbhatsarasa, vivAhonA prasaMgomAM zRMgArarasa tathA SaSTha AzvAsamAM kaMsanA caritramAM mAtsaryAdi bhAvonI sAthe sAthe vIrarasanI

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paMpayuga 55 sRSTi UbhI karavAmAM AvI che. saptama AzvAsamAM hAsya, vIra ane zRMgAranI sAthe sAthe addabhutarasano prayoga thayo che. neminAthanA garbhAvataraNa tathA janmAbhiSeka vageremAM bhaktinI sAthe abhuta rasa maLe che. navama AzvAsathI laI dvAdaza AzvAsa sudhI kaurava tathA pAMDavonA caritramAM mAtsaryAdi bhAvonI sAthe raudrarasanI tathA baladeva, vAsudeva, jarAsaMdha ane kaurava tathA pAMDavonA yuddha prasaMgamAM vIrarasanI pradhAnatA che. dvAdaza AzvAsanA aMte vIra tathA raudrarasa, trayodaza AzvAsanA AraMbhamAM zrRMgArarasa ane aMte zuddha zAMtarasa tathA caturdaza AzvAsanA prAraMbhamAM zAMta, baladevanA pralApamAM karuNa tathA aMte svaccha zAMta rasanuM varNana prApta thAya che. karNapArya "vAkya rasAtmijaM vAvya' e pUrva paraMparAnA pAkA anuyAyI hatA. eTalA mATe kathAbhAga tathA rasa tarapha temanuM jeTaluM lakSya hatuM, teTaluM varNana ane alaMkAra tarapha na hatuM. temanA kAvyamAM varNana ane alaMkAra khUba ochAM che. kavinA adhikAMza padyomAM nRtyanuprAsa nAmaka zabdAlaMkAra ja dRSTigocara thAya che (AzvAsa 6, padya 34; AzvAsa 7, padya 131; AzvAsa 8, padya 130; AzvAsa 11, padya 99; AzvAsa 12, padya 118, 127, 1pa6.). - A purANamAM upamA, dRSTAMta, rUpaka, ulTekSA, arthAtaranyAsa vagere alaMkAronA udAharaNo sImita mAtrAmAM ja maLe che. alaMkAromAM karNapAryane upamAlaMkAra adhika priya hato. te mATe AzvAsa 10, 11 ane 12 vizeSa ullekhanIya che. karNapAryanI zailImAM vizeSataH pAMcAlI tathA vaidabhI rIti ja dRSTigocara thAya che, tema chatAM kyAMka-kyAMka vIra, bIbhatsa ane raudra rasane anukULa gauDI rIti paNa maLe che (AzvAsa 12, padya 273 vagere). svataMtra racanAkAra hovA chatAM paNa karNapArve prAcIna saMskRta tathA kannaDa kavionA bhAvone paNa yathAvasara grahaNa karyA che. pratipAdya viSayane surucipUrNa banAvavA mATe temaNe saMskRtanA vyAvahArika vAkyo tathA kahevato umerIne viSayane suMdara banAvyo che. kavi karNapArve prAcIna vyAkaraNanA niyamonuM pAlana cokkasa karyuM che, chatAM paNa aneka sthAne temaNe kannaDanA nUtana rUpo paNa apanAvyAM che. anyAya jaina kavionI jema temaNe paNa vaidika purANomAM varNita trimUrti, samudramaMthana, samudramaMthanathI lakSmInI utpatti vagere vaidika vAtone dRSTAnta rUpe laI

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56 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa lIdhI che. neminAthapurANanI kathAvastumAM mAtra neminAthanuM caritra jaina paraMparA anusAra varNita che, bAkInA baladeva-vAsudevanuM caritra vaidika bhAgavata kathAmAMthI, kaurava-pAMDavonuM caritra vaidika mahAbhAratanI kathAmAMthI cUnAdhika maLe che. ahIM ullekhanIya che ke jayAM vaidika purANamAM devakInA vivAha pUrve vasudevanA caritra saMbaMdhe kaMI paNa jANakArI nathI maLatI, tyAM neminAthapurANamAM A prasaMge paryApta prakAza pADavAmAM Avyo che. vistAra bhayathI te vize ahIM nathI lakhavAmAM AvyuM. doDuNya (lagabhaga I.sa.1550), maMgarasa (I.sa.1508) vagere kavioe potAnI kRtiomAM karNapAryanI "vIrezacaritra' nAmaka bIjI eka kRtino ullekha karyo che. paraMtu A kRti hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI thaI. somanAtha temaNe kalyANakAraka nAmaka vaidyaka graMtha kannaDamAM lakhyo che. jANavA maLe che ke temane vicitrakavi' nAmaka padavI maLI hatI. somanAthe potAnI racanAmAM lakhyuM che ke mArA A graMthanuM saMzodhana sumanobANa tathA abhayacandra siddhAMtIe karyuM che. A ullekhathI spaSTa che ke somanAtha sumanobANanA samakAlIna hatA. sumanobANano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.1150 che. somanAthanA A samayanI puSTi zravaNabelagolanA lagabhaga 1125 I.sa.nA zilAlekha naM. 384thI paNa thAya che. lekhamAM gaMgarANanA putra bokhanA guru mAdhavacandrano ullekha che. A ja mAdhavacandranI stuti somanAthe potAnA graMthamAM karI che. AthI zrI Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA matAnusAra somanAthano samaya lagabhaga 1140 I.sa. che. somanAthano kalyANakAraka vaidyaka graMtha AcArya pUjyapAdakRta kalyANakAraka nAme saMskRta vaidyaka graMthano ja kannaDa anuvAda che. somanAthe vAlmaTa, caraka vagerenA vaidyaka graMthothI pUjyapAdanA kalyANakArakane zreSTha batAvyo che. sAthe sAthe ja AmAM ema paNa lakhyuM che ke kalyANakArakanI cikitsA paddhatimAM madha, mAMsa tathA madha niSiddha che. graMthanA prAraMbhe tIrthaMkara candraprabha ane sarasvatInI sAthe mAdhavacandra siddhAMtacakravartI, abhayacandra, kanakacandra paMDitadevanI paNa stuti karavAmAM AvI che. kavi somanAtha dvArA saMstuta uparyukta mAdhavacandra, abhayacandra ane kanakacandra A traNe samakAlIna hatA. AmAMthI mAdhavacandra trilokasAranA TIkAkAra, abhayacandra gommasAranI maMdaprabodhikA TIkAnA racayitA ane kanakanadi gommasAranI racanAmAM sahAyaka pratIta thAya che. jo mAruM e anumAna yogya hoya to A AcAryo saMbaMdha

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paMpayuga pa7 nimnalikhita vAto jANavA yogya che. trilokasAranA TIkAkAra mAdhavacandra AcArya nemicandranA ziSya hovAnuM jaNAya che. mULa graMthamAM paNa temanI keTalIya gAthAo sammilita che. eTaluM ja nahi saMskRta TIkAnI utthAnikAthI jJAta thAya che ke gommasAramAM paNa temanI keTalIya gAthAo samAviSTa karavAmAM AvI che. saMskRta gadyamaya kSapaNasAra ke je labdhisAramAM sAmela che, te paNa A mAdhavacandranI racanA che. siddhAMtacakravartI nemicandranA gokhkhaTasAranI racanAmAM mAtra mAdhavacandrano ja nahi paraMtu AcArya kanakanandino paNa sahayoga rahyo che. sva. nAthurAmajI premInA matAnusAra gaMganareza rAgamalanA mahAmaMtrI cASThirAya, siddhAntacakravartI nemicandra vIranadi, IndranaMdi, kanakanaMdi ane mAdhavacandra A badhAno samaya vikrama saMvata 12mI zatAbdIno pUrvAddha che. AvI sthitimAM narasihAcArya dvArA anumita somanAthanA samayamAM ane premIjI dvArA anumita kALamAM thoDuM-ghaNuM aMtara cokkasa paDaze. tenuM e ja samAdhAna che ke uparyukta baMne samaya mAtra anumAnita che. eTalA mATe somanAthano samaya thoDo-ghaNo ghaTADavAvadhAravAmAM koI Apatti upasthita nahi thAya. kIrtivarma (I.sa.1125)nA govaidyane choDI Aja sudhInA upalabdha badhA kannaDa vaidyaka graMthomAM kannaDa kalyANakAraka prAcIna tathA prakAzanIya che. vRttavilAsa temaNe dharmaparIkSA lakhI che. prAkkAvyamAlikAmAM prakAzita zAstrasAranA keTalAka aMzothI khabara paDe che ke temaNe zAstrasAra nAmaka eka anya graMtha paNa racyo che. kavie potAnI racanAmAM potAnA saMbaMdhe kaMI paNa nathI lakhyuM. AthI kavinA samayanirNayano AdhAra temanA dvArA stuta guruparaMparA ja che. A guruparaMparAmAM temaNe vatI zubhakIrti, siddhAMtI mAdhavanaMdi, yati bhAnukIrti, dharmabhUSaNa, amarakIrti, vAgIzvara ane abhayasUrinAM nAma gaNAvyAM che. zrI Ara. narasiMhAcArye uparyukta AcAryonA samayanA AdhAre vRttavilAsano samaya I.sa.1160 nirdhArita karyo che. kavi saMbaMdhamAM vizeSa kaMI paNa jJAta nathI. vRttavilAsanA zraddhaya guru amarakIrti che. AcArya amitagatikRta dharmaparIkSAne ja vRttavilAse kannaDa bhASAbhASIonA 1. jaina sAhitya aura ItihAsa, pRSTha 300.

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58 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa hitArthe kannaDamAM lakhyuM che. A vAtano kavie potAnI racanAmAM svayaM svIkAra karyo che. dharmaparIkSA caMpU graMtha che. temAM dasa AzvAsa che. graMthanI zailI sugama tathA lalita che. kathA kahevAnI rIta paNa cittAkarSaka che. chatAM paNa keTalAka samaya pachI vRttavilAsanI A dharmaparIkSA nAmaka kRti sAmAnya janatAne kaThina lAgavA lAgI. eTalA mATe sthAnIya zrAvakoe zravaNabelagolanA tatkAlIna maThAdhIza cArakIrtijIne AnI kannaDa vyAkhyA taiyAra karavA mATe prArthanA karI. A kArya mATe cArakIrtijIe caMdrasAgarajIne AjJA ApI. tadanusAra caMdrasAgarajIe zaka saM. 1770mAM sulabha kannaDa gadyamAM dharmaparIkSAne rUpAMtarita karI. caMdrasAgarajInI A dharmaparIkSAmAM paNa daza adhyAya che. A rIte kannaDamAM hajI sudhI dharmaparIkSA saMbaMdhI A ja be racanAo upalabdha che. prAkRta, apabhraMza ane saMskRta bhASAomAM A ja viSayane nirUpita karanAra dharmaparIkSA nAmanA keTalAya graMtha upalabdha thAya che. temAM nimnalikhita graMtho pramukha che - jayarAma nAmaka kavie gAthAprabaMdhamAM eka "dharmaparIkSA"nI racanA karI hatI. te prAyaH prAkRta bhASAmAM rahI haze. paraMtu A dharmaparIkSAnI koI paNa prata hajI sudhI upalabdha thaI nathI. AnA ja AdhAre harijeNe paNa apabhraMza bhASAmAM dharmaparIkSA nAmaka graMtha lakhyo hato. A hariSaNa mevADadezavAsI govardhana tathA temanI dharmapatnI guNavatInA putra hatA. haripheNa kAryavaza citrakUTathI acalapura gayA ane tyAM temaNe chaMda, alaMkAra vagerenuM adhyayana karI vi.saM. 1044mAM apabhraMza dharmaparIkSAnI racanA karI. hariSaNanA guru siddhasena hatA ane temanI ja kRpAthI A dharmaparIkSA lakhavAmAM AvI hatI. temAM saMdeha nathI ke jayarAma hariSaNanI pahelAM thayA che. tyAra pachI mAdhavasenanA ziSya AcArya amitagatie vi.saM.1070mAM saMskRta dharmaparIkSAnI racanA karI. amitagatinI dharmaparIkSA hariSaNanI dharmaparIkSAthI 26 varSa pachInI racanA che. jayarAmanI dharmaparIkSAnI koI prata nathI maLI. hariSaNanI dharmaparIkSA paNa hajI hastalikhita sthitimAM ja che. paraMtu amitagatinI dharmaparIkSA mudrita thaI cUkI che, mAtra eTaluM ja nahi, teno sAra hiMdI, marAThI vagere bhASAomAM paNa prakAzita thaI cUkyo che. amitagatinuM anukaraNa karatAM ane temanA graMthanA ghaNAM

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paMpayuga - 59 aMzone hUbahu laIne vi.saM.194pamAM kavi padmasAgare paNa eka dharmaparIkSAnI racanA karI hatI, je mudrita thaI cUkI che. vRttavilAsanI dharmaparIkSAnA abhyAsIone amitagatinI dharmaparIkSAno paricaya Apavo Avazyaka che, kemake vRttavilAse amitagatinA graMthanA AdhAre ja potAnA graMthanI racanA karI che. amitagati eka prauDha kavi hatA. saMskRta bhASA para temano pUrNa adhikAra hato. teo Azukavi paNa hatA. saMskRtamAM temaNe keTalAya graMtha racyA che. DaoN. upAdhyanuM anumAna che ke jayarAmanA prAkRta graMthanuM anukaraNa karIne ja amitagatie potAnI saMskRta dharmaparIkSA racI haze. dharmaparIkSAnI racanA-prakriyAnuM pUrNarUpeNa anukaraNa karanAra eka bIjo paNa graMtha che. tenuM nAma dhUrtAvAna che. A graMtha mudrita thaI cUkyo che. pUryAkhyAna prAkRta bhASAno eka laghukAya graMtha che. tenA racayitA haribhadra che. haribhadra eka mahAna kavi che. temano samaya 7mI zatAbdI che. temaNe saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASAomAM aneka mahattvapUrNa graMthonI racanA karI che. haribhadra eka vicakSaNa kavi ja na hatA paraMtu apratima taiyAyika tathA kuzaLa kathAkAra paNa hatA. haribhadra eka ja jAtanI vividha kathAono vaidika purANomAMthI saMgraha karI te kathAonI asaMbaddhatA spaSTa karI che. asaMbaddha kathAo tathA tenI para vizvAsa karanAranA aMdhavizvAsanuM upahAsAtmaka vivaraNa haribhadra potAnI A racanAmAM khUba kuzaLatAthI prastuta karyuM che. bhAratIya vAddhayamAM pUrNa rIte upahAsaparaka kRtio durlabha ja che. nATako tathA dharmagraMthomAM paNa kyAMka-kyAMka upahAsAtmaka prasaMgo maLe che, paraMtu dhUkhyAna samAna zuddha bauddhika tathA upahAsaparaka graMtha prAcIna bhAratIya vAyamAM bIjo nathI. dharmAbhinivezane choDI daIe to prAcIna vAdyayanA abhyAsIo mATe A eka durlabha ratna che. pUrvAkhyAnanI bhASA sugama tathA prAcIna che. vRttavilAsanI dharmaparIkSAnI pRSThabhUmine spaSTa rUpe samajAvavA mATe amitagatinI dharmaparIkSA tathA haribhadranA dhUrtAkhyAnanuM parizIlana jarUrI che. vRttavilAsanI dharmaparIkSAno prAraMbha A mujaba thAya che - manovega ane 1. "prabuddha karNATaka rajatajayaMtI aMkamAM prakAzita DaoN. e. ena. upAdhyano dharmaparIkSA sambandhI lekha juo. 2. A mATe "prabuddha karNATaka rajata jayaMtI aMka juo.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa pavanavega nAmanA be rAjakumAra pATalIpura jaI tyAMnuM brahmAlayastha nagAruM vagADI tyAM rAkhelA siMhAsana para besI jAya che. tyAra pachI brAhmaNa vidvAno dvArA temane kahevAmAM Ave che ke je vidvAna A nagAruM vagADI zAstrArthamAM vijaya prApta kare che, te ja A siMhAsana para besavAno adhikArI thAya che. AthI batAvo ke tame loko kyA viSayanA vizeSajJa cho. A vAta sAMbhaLI rAjakumAroe javAba Apyo ke ame vidvAna nathI. paraMtu ema ja AvIne A siMhAsana para beThA chIe. eTaluM kahIne teo siMhAsana parathI UThI nIce besI jAya che' pachIthI te rAjakumAroe brAhmaNa vidvAnone jaina dharmanuM svarUpa samajAvyuM ane temanA dharmanuM aneka prakAre nirAkaraNa karI jayapatra prApta karyo. nAgavarma (prathama) $0 temaNe chaMdombadhi tathA karNATaka kAdaMbarInI racanA karI che. temane vIramArtaMDa cAuDarAyanuM saMrakSaNa prApta hatuM. teo AcArya ajitasenanA ziSya hatA. Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA mate temano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.990 che. mahAkavi paMpa tathA ponnanI jema teo paNa veMgiviSayanA nivAsI hatA. nAgavarmanA pitA vaiSNamadhya vaidika brAhmaNa hatA tema chatAM nAgavarma jainadharmanA anuyAyI thaI gayA hatA. paMpa tathA ponnanI jema temaNe koI dhArmika graMthanI racanA nathI karI. temaNe potAne yuddhavIra ane satkavi kahyA che. kannaDa sAhityamAM kAdambarIsadeza utkaTa racanA bIjI maLatI nathI. bANabhaTTanI saMskRtamAM racita kAdaMbarI kAvyamaya gadyamAM che ane te aneka sthaLe durbodha banelI che. AvI mahAkRtine saMpUrUpe kannaDamAM lakhanAra nAgavarma vAstavamAM abhinaMdanIya che. nAgavarmano A graMtha saMskRtamAM racita kAdaMbarIno mAtra kannaDa anuvAda nathI. temAM aneka varNana choDI paNa devAmAM AvyA che. chatAM paNa mULanA sauMdaryanI rakSA karatAM nAgavarme Ane potAnI ja rIte eka svataMtra kRtinuM rUpa pradAna karyuM che. kavinI bhASA sugama tathA sazakta ane kathAnirUpaNa pravAhamaya che. nAgavarmanI bIjI kRti chaMdombudhi chaMdazAstra saMbaMdhita eka suMdara kRti che. nAgavarma (dvitIya) temaNe kAvyAvalokana, karNATakabhASAbhUSaNa, vastukoza ane abhidhAnaratnamAlA nAmaka graMthonI racanA karI che. A badhA graMtho vidvattApUrNa tathA kannaDa bhASAnA

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paMpayuga 61 adhyetAo mATe atyaMta upayogI lakSaNa granyo che. vidvAnonA mate temano samaya lagabhaga 1145 I.sa. che. nAgavarmanAM nAkiMga ane nAki nAma paNa hatA.' teo jaina brAhmaNa hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma dAmodara hatuM. temane abhinava zarvavarma kavikarNapUra kavitAguNodaya ane kavikaMThAbharaNa nAmaka upAdhio maLI hatI.* AcaNa, janna, sALava ane devottama vagere kavioe paNa temanI stuti karI che. mahAkavi janna (I.sa. 1279)nA kathanAnusAra temano eka graMtha jinapurANa paNa hato. paraMtu hajI sudhI te graMtha upalabdha nathI thayo. kavie potAnI racanAomAM potAne eka asAdhAraNa paMDita tathA aneka rAjabhASAomAM pratiSThA arjita karanAra batAvyA che. nAgavarme potAnA nivAsasthAna tathA samaya vagere vize kaMI paNa nathI lakhyuM. kannaDa lakSaNa graMtha racanArAomAM nAgavarma (dvitIya) nAyaka maNi tulya che. temaNe kannaDa bhASA saMbaMdhita badhAM kSetronI anupama sevA karI che. kavino kAvyAvaloka nAmaka prathama graMtha alaMkArazAstrano mahattvapUrNa graMtha che. A graMtha nRpatuMganA kavirAjamArgathI adhika paripUrNa che. AmAM sUtrone kaMda padyomAM ApIne pUrva kavionA graMthomAMthI udAharaNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. A graMtha nimnalikhita pAMca adhikaraNomAM vibhakta che - (1) zabdasRti nAmaka prathama adhikaraNamAM saMdhiprakaraNa, nAmaprakaraNa, samAsa prakaraNa, taddhitaprakaraNa ane AkhyAnaprakaraNa nAmaka pAMca prakaraNomAM kannaDa bhASAnA vyAkaraNanuM zAstrIya tathA lAlityapUrNa nirUpaNa che. kannaDa vyAkaraNa mATe zabdasRti prathama racanA che. (2) kAvyamala vyAvRtti nAmaka dvitIya adhikaraNanA padapadArthasaMdhidoSavinizcaya ane vAkyavAkyArthadoSAnukIrtana nAmaka be prakaraNomAM pada ane vAkyonI racanAmAM thanAra doSo batAvavAmAM AvyA che. (3) guNavivekAdhikaraNa nAmaka tRtIya adhikaraNa tathA mArgavibhAgadarzana, 1. abhidhAnavastukoza, padya 36. 2. kAvyAvalokananI prazasti. 3. karNATakakavicarite, bhAga 1, pRSTha 14. 4. kAvyAvalokana ane vastukoza.

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62. kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa zabdAlaMkAranirNaya ane arthAlaMkAranirNaya nAmaka traNa prakaraNomAM samasaMzliSTha vagere dasa guNo tathA zabdAlaMkAronuM anukrame vivecana che. (4) rItikramaNarasanirUpaNAdhikaraNa nAmaka caturtha adhikaraNamAM rItiprakaraNa ane rasaprakaraNa nAmaka be prakaraNa che. (5) kavisamayAdhikaraNa nAmaka paMcama adhikaraNamAM asadAkhyAti, sakIrtana, niyama, artha ane aikya nAmaka pAMca prakaraNa che. ahIM A badhAnuM vistRta varNana karavuM saMbhavita nathI. nAgavarmanA mate kRtio traNa prakAranI hoya che - padyamaya, gadyamaya ane mizrita. kathA athavA AkhyAyikA gadyamaya ane sargabaMdha kAvya padyamaya tathA caMpU gadyapadyamizrita hoya che. nAgavarme (dvitIya) potAnA kAvyAvalokananI racanAmAM prasiddha saMskRta lAkSaNiko vAmana, rudraTa, bhAmaha ane daMDInuM anukaraNa karyuM che. kavino bIjo graMtha karNATakabhASAbhUSaNa che. te saMskRta bhASAmAM racita kannaDa vyAkaraNa graMtha che. saMbhavataH kannaDathI anabhijJa saMskRta vidvAnone kannaDa bhASAnA sAmarthya tathA sauMdaryano paricaya ApavA mATe nAgavarme A prayAsa karyo haze. AgaLa cAlIne bhaTTAraka akalaMke (I.sa. 1604) paNa zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka eka vyAkaraNa graMthanI racanA karI hatI. bhASAbhUSaNamAM saMjJA, saMdhi, vibhakti, kAraka, zabdarIti, samAsa, taddhita, AkhyAtaniyama, avyayanirUpaNa ane nipAtanirUpaNa nAmaka dasa pariccheda che. nAgavarmano trIjo graMtha abhidhAnavastukoza che. e kaMda vRttomAM racita saMskRtakannaDa koza che. kannaDamAM upalabdha bRhadda kozomAM A prathama koza che. ekAryakAMDa, nAnArthakAMDa ane sAmAnyakAMDa, A rIte A kozamAM traNa vibhAga che. AmAM prAcIna kannaDa kavio dvArA prayukta saMskRta padono kannaDamAM artha ApavAmAM Avyo che. AmAM kavie vararuci, halAyudha vagerenI kRtiomAMthI sahAyatA lIdhI che. temano cotho graMtha abhidhAnaratnamAlATIkA che. temAM halAyudhakRta abhidhAnaratnamAlA nAmaka saMskRta kozanA saMskRta zabdonA samAnArthaka kannaDa zabdo ApavAmAM AvyA che. A TIkAmAM TIkAkAra nAgavarme halAyudhanA vibhAgakramanuM ja anusaraNa karyuM che. kannaDa kAvyomAM prayukta saMskRta zabdonA arthane jANavA mATe A TIkA vizeSa upayogI che.

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nemicandra A yugamAM paraMparAgata caMpUzailInuM adhika anusaraNa thavA lAgyuM hatuM. paraMtu jyAM paMpayuganA caMpUkAvyamAM vIrarasanI vyaMjanA pradhAna hatI, tyAM A yuganI racanAomAM zrRMgArarasanI abhivyakti adhika thavA lAgI hatI. paMpayuganA mahAkAvyanA AdarzanuM anukaraNa karanAra kaviomAM nemicandranuM nAma sauthI paheluM Ave che. zreSTha caMpU mahAkavionI paMktimAM nemicandra paNa eka che. karNapAryano AzrayadAtA sAmaMta raTTa rAjA lakSmaNadeva ja nemicandrano paNa AzrayadAtA che. kavinuM kahevuM che ke vIraballAla (I.sa.1173-1220)nA pradhAna padmanAbhe A neminAthapurANanI racanA karAvI che. A pramANanA AdhAre nemicandrano samaya lagabhaga 1170 I.sa. che. temaNe kavirAjakuMjara, sAhityavidyAdhara, sukavikaMThAbharaNa, bhAratIcittacora, caturbhASAkavi cakravartI, vAgvallakI vaiNika vagere padavIo meLavI hatI. Azcarya e che ke jyAre nemicandre potAnA pUrva kavionuM smaraNa karatAM koI paNa kannaDa kavino ullekha nathI karyo, tyAre janna, pArzva, madhura, maMgarasa vagere kannaDa kavioe temanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. prakaraNa 3 caMpUyuga zrRMgArarasanA varNanamAM nemicandra siddhahasta che. vastutaH temanA kavitA sAmarthyamAM svAbhAvikatA che. asAdhAraNa zabdasaMpatti tathA pravAhamaya gaMbhIra zailIe temanI racanAone vizeSa rUpe hRdayasparzI banAvI dIdhI che. nemicandra neminAthapurANa nAmaka dhArmika kAvyanI ane lIlAvatI nAmaka laukika kAvyanI racanA karI che. lIlAvatI temanI pahelI racanA che. A kAvya zrRMgArarasapradhAna che. neminAthapurANa lIlAvatInI apekSAe bRhadkAya ane eka saphaLa racanA che. 14mI zatAbdInA aMte thanAra kavi madhure nemicandranI kavikarmakuzaLatA saMbaMdhe lakhyuM che ke 'A koI garvokti nathI paraMtu sarvAnumodita tathya che ke laukika tathA dhArmika racanAo mATe kannaDa kaviomAM nemicandra tathA janna ullekhanIya che. A baMnene kannaDanI kRtio mATe sImApuruSa mAnI zakAya." lIlAvatI kannaDa sAhityanI prathama zrRMgArika racanA che. tenI kathAvastu subaMdhuracita vAsavadattA para AdhArita pratIta thAya che. vanavAsIno rAjakumAra kaMdarpadeva svapramAM

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa koI suMdarIne jue che ane tenI zodhamAM potAnA sAthI makaraMda sAthe nIkaLI paDe che. svapramAM gocara thayelI te suMdarI kusumapuranA nareza zRMgArazekharanI kanyA lIlAvatI hatI. lIlAvatI paNa svapra jue che ane priya kaMdarpadavanI zodhamAM dUta mokale che. keTalIya vighna bAdhAo pAra karyA pachI nAyaka-nAyikAnuM milana thAya che. zRMgAranAM citraNamAM kavie keTalIya navI uddabhAvanAo karI che ane kathApravAhane rocaka banAvyo che. "strIrUpa ja rUpa che, zRMgAra ja rasa che" te nemicandranI mAnyatA hatI. A racanA eka varSamAM pUrI thaI hatI. bAhubali (I.sa.1500)nA nAgakumAracarita, doDavya (I.sa.1550)nA candraprabha caritra ane devacandra (I.sa.1838)nI rAjAvalakathAmAM lIlAvatInI khUba prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. je rIte kannaDa sAhityane nAgavarma dvArA kAdaMbarI jevI suMdara kRti maLI che, te ja rIte nemicandra dvArA lIlAvatI jevI racanA prApta thaI. lIlAvatInI kathA nAnI che. te zRMgArarasapradhAna racanA che. uddIpana mATe kRtimAM sarvatra cittAkarSaka varNana bharelAM paDyAM che. AmAM kaMdarpa ane lIlAvatInuM pAtrAlekhana khUba ja suMdara thayuM che. neminAthapurANa nemicandranI prasiddha racanA che. temAM 22mA tIrthaMkara neminAthanA caritranI sAthe-sAthe vasudeva, azruta, kaMdarpa vagerenA caritranA samAvezano saMkalpa to kavie karyo hato, paraMtu kaMsavadhanA prakaraNa pachI kAvya samApta thaI gayuM che. kAvya adhUruM hovAne kAraNe ja AnuM nAma anemipurANa paDI gayuM che. kavie kRSNanI kathAnA citraNamAM kAvya rasAyananI sRSTi ja karI dIdhI che. trivikrama veSadhArI vAmananuM virATa rUpacitraNa, govardhanalIlAno prasaMga ane mallayuddha jevA prasaMga khUba sarasa banI gayA che. kavinI varNanazailI apUrva che. A ja viSayavastu laIne AnI pahelAM karNapArthe caMpUmAM ane cAuDarAye gadyamAM kAvyaracanA karI che. nemica A be purANo uparAMta uttarapurANanuM paNa anusaraNa karyuM che. kAvyadRSTie uparyukta be kannaDa purANonI apekSAe neminAthapurANa zreSTha che. AmAM nemicandranuM pAtraracanAkauzala nIkharyuM che. kavi nemicandra saMskRtanA paNa sArA vidvAna hatA. temanI caturbhASA kavi cakravartInI padavIthI jJAta thAya che ke nemicandra kannaDanA ja nahi, paraMtu saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASAnA paNa jJAtA kavi hatA. kavie svayaMne "tArkikatilaka'

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caMpUyuga paNa kahyA che. tenAthI sAbita thAya che ke nemicandra kAvya, siddhAMta vagere sAthe nyAyazAstranA paNa vizeSajJa hatA. kavinA anya koI graMthanI mAhitI maLI nathI. boppaNa paMDita temaNe bAlacandranA sahayogathI 27 kannaDa padyomAM zravaNabelagolastha zrI gommaTezvaranI stuti karI che. A pagho lagabhaga 1180 I.sa.nA zravaNabelagolanA 234mA zilAlekhamAM utkIrNa che. nirvANalakSmIpatinakSatramAlikA nAmaka temanI anya eka laghukAya kRti paNa maLe che. 'sujanonaMsa' zabdathI pUrNa thanA2 aneka nItibodhaka kaMda pagho temanAM ja mAlUma paDe che, kemake kavinI padavIomAM 'sujanonaMsa' paNa eka padavI che. AnA sivAya temaNe anya koI graMthanI racanA karI che ke nahIM, te jJAta nathI. zilAlekhamAM utkIrNa padyone temaNe adhyAtmarasika bAlacandranA sahayogathI racyAM che. AthI te temanA samakAlIna hovA joIe. bAlacandrano samaya lagabhaga 1170 I.sa. che. zravaNabelagolanA je zilAlekhamAM boppaNanA A pagha utkIrNa che, te zilAlekhano samaya lagabhaga 1180 I.sa. che. AthI kavino samaya paNa lagabhaga A ja hovo joIe. boppaNanA preraka adhyAtmarasika bAlacandra jinastutinA racayitA tathA prAbhRtatraya, paramAtmaprakAza vagere saMskRta tathA prAkRtanA anyAnya AcAryo dvArA praNIta AdhyAtmika graMthonA saphaLa kannaDa TIkAkAra che. Agama graMthonA TIkAkAra hovAne kAraNe ja te adhyAtmarasika bAlacandranA nAmathI prasiddha thayA haze. bAlacandra mUlasaMghanA dezIyagaNanA pustakagacchAMtargata kuMdakuMdAnvayanA anuyAyI hatA. teo I.sa.1176mAM svargastha nayakIrtinA ziSya hatA. dAmanaMdi nAmaka temano eka moTo bhAI paNa hato. AcaNe potAnA vardhamAnapurANamAM ane pArthe potAnA pArzvanAthapurANamAM boppaNanI prazaMsA karI che. kezirAje paNa potAnA zabdamaNidarpaNamAM udAharaNasvarUpa temanA keTalAMya pagho uddhRta karyAM che. temanI gommaTastuti eka manohara bhAvagIta che. AmAM kavie khUba bhaktithI zrI bAhubalInI stuti karI che. stutinA A suMdara pagho cittAkarSaka che. temanI bIjI kRti nirvANalakSmIpatinakSatramAlikA 27 1. juo, zravaNabelagolano zilAlekha naM. 66. 2. nAgamaMgala 70 (1178). 3. zabdamaNidarpaNa, pRSTha 107, 112 ane 164. 65 6 ---

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa vRttonI eka laghukAya kRti che. pratyeka padya 'nirvANalakSmIpati'thI samApta thAya che. graMthAraMbhe ApavAmAM Avela padyathI jJAta thAya che ke temanI racanA bhavya-janonI preraNAthI ka2vAmAM AvI che. adhika saMbhava che ke boppaNe A laghu kRtio sivAya koI mahattvapUrNa bRhat graMtha paNa racyo hoya, kemake pArzva vagere samAjamAnya kavioe temanI ghaNI prazaMsA karI che. kezirAje paNa potAnI kRtimAM udAharaNasvarUpa temanI kRtiomAMthI pagho lIdhAM che. svayaM kavie paNa potAne spaSTa rUpe 'sukavisamAjanuta' kahyAM che. 66 agala temaNe candraprabhapurANanI racanA karI che. teo paNa mUlasaMghadezIyagaNapustakagaccha-kuMdakuMdAnvayanA che. temanA pitA zAMtIza, mAtA pocAmbikA ane guru zrutakIrti vaividya hatA. kavi iMgalezvaranivAsI che. temaNe bhAratIbhAlanetra, kAvyanaukarNadhAra, sAhityavidyAvinoda vagere keTalIya upAdhio meLavI hatI. aggala koI sabhAnA pramukha kavi paNa hatA. A vAta temanI kRtimAMthI ja sAbita thAya che. temaNe candraprabhapurANanI racanA I.sa.1189mAM karI hatI. kavie potAnA pUrvavartI kaviomAM paMpa, ponna ane rakSanuM smaraNa karyuM che. bIjI tarapha AcaNa, devakavi, aMDayya, kamalabhava, bAhubali, pArzva vagere kavioe temanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. aggalanuM candraprabhapurANa 16 AzvAsomAM vibhakta che. eka zilAlekhathI vidita thAya che ke A purANa temaNe potAnA zraddheya guru zrutakIrtinI AjJAthI racyuM che. kannaDamAM upalabdha tIrthaMkara candraprabha saMbaMdhI kathA graMthomAM A prathama racanA che. kavie A racanAnI khUba prazaMsA karI che. 12mI zatAbdInA anya caMpU graMthonI jema A paNa saMskRtabhUyiSTha hoI, sudRDha baMdhathI adhika prauDha banyuM che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke aggala kavihRdaya che ane temanA varNanomAM kalpanAvilAsa che. temaNe potAnA samayanA vIratApUrNa jIvana para paNa prakAza nAkhyo che, joke temanI racanA zailI bahu kliSTa che. candraprabhapurANamAM bhavAvalio nathI, eTalA mATe kathA samajavAmAM muzkelI nathI paDatI. AcaNa temaNe vardhamAnapurANa tathA zrIpadAzItinI racanA karI che. teo bhAradvAja 1. biLigi zAsana (1592).

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caMpUyuga gotrIya che. temanA pitA kezavarAja, mAtA mallAmbikA ane guru nandriyogIzvara hatA. AcaNNa puligerenA nivAsI hatA. 'vasudhaikabAMdhava' upAdhidhArI camUpati recaNanI satpreraNAthI kavinA pitA kezavarAja tathA temanA mitra tikkaNa cAmaNa, A baMnee maLIne vardhamAnapurANa lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM hatuM. paraMtu vacce ja kezavarAjanuM dehAvasAna thaI javAne kAraNe A kArya AgaLa na vadhyuM. pachIthI recaNanI preraNAthI AcaNe tene pUrNa karyuM. AcaNane 'vANIvallabha' nAmaka upAdhi prApta hatI. uparyukta camUpati recaNa pahelAM kalacurione tyAM ane pachIthI hoysala zAsaka vIra ballAla (I.sa.11731220)ne tyAM maMtrI jevA uttaradAyitvapUrNa ucca pada para sammAnapUrvaka bIrAjamAna hatA (arasikere zilAlekha 77). madrAsa prAcya graMthakozAlayastha eka abhilekhathI jJAta thAya che ke AcaNanA guru nandriyogIzvara I.sa. 1189mAM vidyamAna hatA. vidvAnoe AcaNano samaya I.sa.1195 nirdhArita karyo che. 67 kavie potAnI racanAmAM pUrva kaviomAM zrIvijaya, gAMkuza, guNavarma, nAgavarma, asaga, haMpa, ponna, aggala ane boppanI stuti karI che. kavi pArzva zrIguNavarSa, kIrtikalAgarbha, jainAgamagarbha, jagadguru, prasannaguNa, mRduhRdaya vagere vizeSaNo vaDe AcaNanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke teo eka prauDha kavi che. temanI racanAmAM 12mI zatAbdInA anya caMpU kAvyonI apekSAe zabdAlaMkAra atyadhika che. AcaNanuM vardhamAnapurANa aMtima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna (mahAvIra svAmI)nA caritra sAthe saMbaMdhita che. te 26 AzvAsomAM vibhakta che. tIrthaMkara vardhamAnanA caritra saMbaMdhe lakhavAmAM AvelI kannaDa kRtiomAM A graMtha prathama che. AcaNe potAnI bIjI kRti zrIpadAzItimAM paMcaparameSThiono mahimA gAyo che. AmAM 94 kaMda padya che. te bhaktirasathI paripUrNa eka suMdara racanA che. graMthano baMdha prauDha che. tenI prazaMsA kavie svayaM karI che. mahAvIracaritrapratipAdaka svataMtra saMskRta kRtiomAM mahAkavi asaga (vikrama saMvat 11mI zatAbdI)nuM vardhamAnapurANa tathA AcArya sakalakIrti (vikrama saMvat 15mI zatAbdI)nuM vardhamAnacaritra A baMne paryApta prasiddha che. vardhamAnapurANa solApurathI ane vardhamAnacaritrano mAtra hiMdI anuvAda muMbaIthI prakAzita thayo che. kannaDa graMthomAM AcaNanA A vardhamAnapurANa sivAya kavi padma (vikramIya 11mI zatAbdI)nuM eka anya vardhamAnapurANa paNa upalabdha che. sAhityanI dRSTie kavi padmano graMtha paNa eka suMdara racanA che.

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da kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa baMdhuvarma temaNe 'harivaMzAbhyudaya' tathA 'jIva saMbodhana'nI racanA karI che. teo vaizya kavi che. kavie potAnI racanAmAM potAnA varNa uparAMta janmasthaLa, mAtApitA vagere anya koI paNa vAtano ullekha nathI karyo. kavi kamalabhave (lagabhaga 1235 I.sa.) potAnI racanAmAM svargavAsI baMdhuvarmanuM smaraNa karyuM che, tenAthI jJAta thAya che ke baMdhuvarma kamalabhavanA pUrvavartI hatA. Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA mate temano samaya I.sa. bAramI zatAbdI che. nAgarAja, maMgarasa vagere kavioe baMdhuvarmanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. paraMtu AzcaryanI vAta e che ke baMdhuvarSe potAnI racanAomAM koI paNa pUrva kavinuM smaraNa nathI karyuM. ulaTuM temaNe potAnA kavi cAturyanI prazaMsA svayaM karI che. harivaMzAbhyudayamAM 22mA tIrthaMkara neminAthanuM caritra suMdara rIte varNita che. AmAM 24 AzvAsa che. graMthanI zailI sahaja tathA suMdara che. kavino baMdha lalita ane kalpanAvilAsa cittAkarSaka che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke A racanAmAM sauMdarya ane lAlitya baMne ya upasthita che. baMdhuvarmano bIjo graMtha jIvasaMbodhana che. te nItivairAgyabodhaka graMtha che. temAM 12 adhikAra che. jainasAdhanAmAM 12 anuprekSAonuM sthAna khUba UMcu che. vastutaH te ja mAnavane vairAgyanI parAkASThA para pahoMcADe che. tIrthaMkara paNa temanA ja dvArA potAnI vairAgya dazAne puSTa kare che. pApabhIru tathA sAcI dharmazraddhALu vyakti pratidina niyamapUrvaka A anuprekSAonuM smaraNa kare che. anuprekSAno artha che vastu svabhAvanuM gahana ciMtana. jo vastusvabhAvanuM ciMtana gahana tathA tAttvika haze to rAgadveSa vagere vRttio kSINa thaI jaze. je viSayonuM ciMtana ApaNI rAgadveSanI vRttio zodhavAmAM vizeSa upayogI thaI zake che, evA bAra viSayo cUMTIne temanA ciMtanane ja bAra anuprekSAo rUpe gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che. anuprekSAone bhAvanAo paNa kahe che. baMdhuvarSe jIvasaMbodhanamAM A anuprekSAonuM khUba ja saraLa, svAbhAvika tathA cittAkarSaka DhaMge varNana karyuM che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kavi potAnA kAryamAM pUrNa saphaLa thayA che. adhyAtmapremI-jainetara vidvAna paNa A graMthanI muktakaMThe prazaMsA kare che. temAM dharmanI sAthe sAthe ja sodAharaNa nItino upadeza ApavAmAM Avyo che. graMthanI zailI lalita tathA suMdara che. tamila bhASAmAM paNa A ja nAmano eka graMtha che. baMneno viSaya ghaNo maLato che. jIvasaMbodhanano hiMdI anuvAda thavo joIe.

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caMpUyuga 69 pArthapaMDita temaNe pArzvanAthapurANanI racanA karI che. temanA pitA lokaNanAyaka, mAtA kAmiyakka, agraja nAgaNa ane guru vAsupUjya che. kavie pArzvanAthapurANa I.sa.1222mAM racyuM che. ema jaNAya che ke pArzva sauMdattinA zAsaka kArtavIrya caturtha (I.sa.1202-1220)nI sabhAmAM sabhAkavi hatA kemake temaNe potAnI racanAmAM potAne spaSTa rUpe kArtavIryanA sabhAkavi ghoSita karyA che. kavi pArthano samakAlIna hRvaMzIya zAsaka kArtavIrya caturtha ja che. kavie rAjA lakSmaNane kArtavIryano putra batAvyo che. anyonya zilAlekhothI siddha thAya che ke rAja lakSmaNa I.sa. 1229mAM zAsanArUDha hato. uparyukta ullekho uparAMta royala eziyATika sosAITInI muMbaI zAkhAnA jarnala (bhAga 10, pRSTha 220)mAM prakAzita eka zilAlekhanA aMtima padyamAM A zilAlekhanA lekhakanuM nAma pArzva batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. ukta zilAlekha I.sa.1205mAM lakhavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM kaMDi maMDalAntargata veNu grAmanA sTAnvaya zAsaka kArtavIrya tathA mallikArjunano ullekha che. tenI sAthe ja kArtavIrya dvArA maMDalAcArya zubhacandra bhaTTArakane ApelA dAnano paNa ullekha che. evuM pratIta thAya che ke ukta zilAlekha kavi pArja dvArA stuta kAryavIryanA zAsanakALamAM ja lakhavAmAM Avyo haze, kemake pArzvanI racanAomAM potAnA mATe prayukta "kavikulatilakanI upAdhi zilAlekhanA aMtima padyamAM paNa mojUda che. pArthane sukavijanamanoharSasasyamavarSa, vividhajanamanaHpadhinIpadmamitra tathA kavikulatilakanI padavIo maLI hatI. temaNe pUrva kaviomAM paMpa, ponna, ranna, karNapArya, guNavarma vagere kannaDa kavionuM tathA dhanaMjaya ane bhUpAla nAmaka saMskRta kavionuM sAdara smaraNa karyuM che. dhanaMjaya "dvisaMdhAnakAvya'nA tathA bhUpAla "jinacaturvizatikA'nA racayitA hovAnuM jaNAya che. mahAkavi dhanaMjaya potAnA dvisaMdhAnakAvyane kAraNe vikhyAta che. A kAvyanuM aparanAma rAghavapAMDavIya che. A kAvyamAM rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata baMnenI kathA eka sAthe varNita che. - kavi pArzvanuM pArzvanAthapurANa caMpU kAvya che. temAM 16 AzvAsa che. A purANamAM 23mA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthanA caritranuM citraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. kavie potAnA A purANanI prazaMsA svayaM karI che. pArve potAnA graMthanA AraMbhe badhA prasiddha kannaDa tathA saMskRta-prAkRta jaina kavionuM smaraNa karyuM che. kavino baMdha lalita

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa ane madhura che. pArzva saMgIta tathA nRtyanA paNa vizeSajJa hatA. potAnI racanAmAM temaNe A kalAono paNa upayoga karyo che. pArzvanAtha purANanA 12mA AzvAsanA 19mAthI 31mA padya sudhI saMgIta ane nRtyanuM varNana khUba ja suMdara che. pArzva kannaDa tathA saMskRta baMne bhASAonA marmajJa kavi hatA. temanI racanAmAM saMdarbhanusAra alaMkAra, nIti tathA lokoktiono suMdara rIte prayoga thayo che. kathAbhAga sarasa, zailI pravAhamaya ane varNana suMdara che. kamaThanuM caritra-citraNa paNa cittAkarSaka che. janna 70 teo yazodharacarita tathA anaMtanAthapurANanA raciyatA che. 'mohAnubhavamukura' (lagabhaga 1400 I.sa.) nAmaka graMthathI jANa thAya che ke temano 'smarataMtra' nAmaka eka bIjo paNa graMtha hato. paraMtu te hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI thayo. janna kAzyapagotrIya che. temanA pitA zaMkara ane mAtA gaMgAdevI che. zaMkara hoysala rAjA narasiMha (I.sa.1141-1173)no kaTakopAdhyAya (senA-zikSaka) hato. kavine 'sumanobANa' nAmaka padavI maLI hatI. kavi jannano janma ASADha kRSNa trayodazInA zubha divase revatI nakSatramAM zivayogamAM thayo hato (anaMtanAtha purANa, A. 4, padya 136-137 tathA A. 14, padya 75). temanI dharmapatnI daMDAdhipati recaNanI putrI lakumAdevI hatI. kAnUrgaNIya mAdhavacandranA ziSya gaMDavimukta muni rAmacandradeva temanA guru hatA. jagadekamalla (I.sa.1138-1150)nA kaTakopAdhyAya (senA-zikSaka) abhinavazarvavarma nAmaka upAdhikArI dvitIya nAgavarma jannanA upAdhyAya (zikSaka) hatA (anaMtanAthapurANa, A. 2, padya 34). 'sUktisudhArNava'nA racayitA mallikArjuna (lagabhaga I.sa.1245) kavinA banevI hatA. 'zabdamaNidarpaNa'nA racayitA kezirAja (lagabhaga I.sa.1260) jannanA bhANeja hatA. A rIte kavi janna khUba bhAgyazALI hatA, temanA saMbaMdho UMcA kuTuMbo sAthe hatA. jajJa tarka, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, nATya vagere zAstronA ja pAragAmI na hatA (yazodharacarita, A. 1,'padya 18-19) vadhumAM te daDhakAya tathA sAhasI hatA tathA zastravidyAmAM paNa pAraMgata hatA. A rIte zastra-zAstra baMnemAM pravINa hovAne kAraNe te tatkAlIna zAsaka vIranarasiMhane tyAM maMtrI tathA daMDAdhIza jevA garimAmaya baMne do para AsIna hatA (anaMtanAthapurANa, AzvAsa 1, padya 24). vastutaH kavinA zastra-zAstra saMbaMdhI adbhuta pAMDitye ja guNagrAhI rAjA vIranarasiMhane temanI

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caMpUyuga tarapha AkarSita karyo hato. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kavino prabhAva pahelAM janatAmAM ane pachIthI rAjasabhAmAM pahoMcyo haze. janna badhI kaLAomAM pravINa hatA paraMtu temane kAvyakalAmAM vizeSa ruci hatI. bAlyAvasthAthI ja sarasvatI temanI para prasanna thaI gaI hatI. tenuM spaSTa pramANa kavi dvArA racita cennarAyapaTTaNa (zaka saMvat 1112-I.sa.1191-naM.179) tathA tarIkere (zaka saMvat 1119 I.sa.1197, naM. 45)nA zilAlekha che. A rIte bAlyAvasthAmAM ja aMkurita kavinI kavitvazakti temanA avirata prayAsothI yathAzIdhra latA banI gaI, jemAM yazodharacarita tathA anaMtanAthapurANa jevAM be manohara sugaMdhita puSpa vikasita thayAM ane jemanI gaMdhathI rasika tathA bhAvuka sAhityiko AkarSita thayA. mAtra bhAvuka sAhityika ja nahi, svayaM rAjA vIraballAla paNa uparyukta kAvyonI rasAnubhUtithI potAne vaMcita na rAkhI zakyo. sahRdaya guNagrAhI rAjA vIraballAle jannanI kavitAthI mugdha thaIne temane kavicakravartInI padavI pradAna karI (anaMtapurANa, AzvAsa 1, padya 25), kavie yazodharacaritanI racanA vIraballAla (I.sa.1173-1220)nA zAsanakALamAM zukla saMvatsara arthAtu I.sa.1209mAM tathA anaMtanAthapurANanI racanA vIraballAlanA putra vIranarasiMha (I.sa.1220-1235) nA rAjyakALamAM vikRta saMvatsara arthAt I.sa. 1230mAM karI hatI (anaMtanAthapurANa, AzvAsa 14, padya 84). janna sAhityaratnAkara, kavibhAlalocana, kavicakravartI, vineyajanamukhatilaka, rAjaviddhasabhAkalahaMsa, kavivRndAraktAsava, kavikalpalatAmadAra vagere ucca padavIothI vibhUSita hatA. kavi jannane laukika vidyAmAM jeTalI rUci hatI, teTalI ja adhyAtmavidyAmAM paNa hatI. tenI pUrti mATe teo te samayanA prasiddha vidvAna mAdhavacandra aividyanA ziSya gaMDavimukta muni rAmacandranA caraNomAM pahoMcyA. tyAM jaina dharmanA tattvonuM sArI rIte adhyayana karI temaNe potAnA agAdha pAMDityano sadupayoga jainadharmanA punaruddhAra mATe karyo. vastutaH jannanI dhana-saMpadA, buddhi-kauzala tathA kavitva-zakti jaina-dharmanA pracArArthe ja samarpita hatI. - lokamAM sAmAnya rIte lakSmI ane sarasvatImAM paraspara asahiSNutA jovAmAM Ave che, eTalA mATe vidvAno prAyaH nidhana hoya che. paraMtu kavi janna vaibhava saMpanna hatA. temaNe "saubhAgyasaMpanna' vagere zabdono prayoga karI potAnI racanAomAM svayaM A vAta vyakta karI che. janna khUba udAra hatA tathA sadA garIbonI madada

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72 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa karatA rahetA hatA. kavinuM kathana che ke "meM potAnA hAthane kyAreya bIjAnI sAme phelAvyA nathI paraMtu bIjAne cokkasa ApyuM che" (anaMtanAthapurANa, AzvAsa 14, padya 80). janne gaMDarAdityanA rAjayamAM anaMtanAtha tIrthakaranuM bhavya maMdira ane dhArasamudramAM vijayapArtha jinezvaranA jinAlayanuM dvAra banAvaDAvyuM hatuM. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kavi jannanuM AkhuM jIvana sAhitya tathA dharmasevAmAM vyatIta thayuM che. temanA yazodharacarita ane anaMtanAthapurANa baMne ya jainadharmanA pracArArthe racavAmAM Avela hatA. A vAta kavie svayaM potAnI racanAmAM spaSTa kahI che. jaina kaviono te Adarza rahyo che ke te potAnI bahumUlya kAvya pratibhAne mahApuruSonA pavitra jIvanacaritronI racanA dvArA sArthaka banAve. kavi janne potAnA pUrvavartI kaviomAM guNavarma, paMpa, ponna, ranna, nAgacandra vagere prasiddha badhA jaina kavionuM smaraNa karyuM che. bIjI tarapha paravartI aMDavya, kamalabhava, mallikArjuna, kumudendu, maMgarasa vagere mAnya kavioe jannanI stuti karI che. jannanA yazodharacaritamAM gadya nathI, mAtravRtta che. bAkI badhA kaMda padya che. A suMdara kAvya cAra avatAromAM vibhakta che. temAM kula 311 kaMda padya che. prastuta kAvyamAM kavie pAMca aNuvratomAM anyatama tathA pramukha ahiMsANuvratanA mahimAne khUba ja AkarSaka DhaMge samajAvyo che. rAjA mAridatta dvArA potAnA kuLadevInI bali ApavA mATe lAvavAmAM AvelA manuSya yugala dvArA kahevAmAM AvelI janmAMtara kathAo sAMbhaLI rAja svayaM hiMsAne sarvathA tyAgI saMsArathI virakta thaI jAya che. A ja A kAvyano kathAsAra che. saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza vagere bhASAomAM etaviSayaka keTalAya graMtha che; jemake, yazastilakacaMpU, yazodharakAvya, saharacariu vagere. temAM yazastilakacaMpU eka bahu ja mahattvapUrNa mahAkAvya che. tenA racayitA rAjanIti zAstranA marmajJa AcArya somadevasUri che. kavie kAvyAraMbhe kuMdakuMda, samatabhadra, pUjayapAda vagere AcAryonA smaraNanI sAthe-sAthe sala, vinayAditya, yayaMga vagere hosala vaMzanI paraMparAnuM vistArathI varNana karyuM che ane potAnA AzrayadAtA vIraballAlanI vizeSa rUpe prazaMsA karI che. Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA zabdomAM teno baMdha lalita, madhura, gaMbhIra ane hRdayagrAhI che. kavi madhura dvArA jannane karNATakakavitAnA sImApuruSa kahevAmAM AvyA

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caMpUyuga 73 che te sarvathA samucita che. nirargala rUpe pravAhita thanArI tenI kavitAno pravAha jotAM khUba Azcarya thAya che. pro. DI. ela. narasiMhAcArye potAnA eka lekhamAM vAdirAjanA saMskRta yazodharakAvya sAthe jannanA A yazodharacaritanI tulanA karI che ane aneka dRSTie yazodharakAvyanI apekSAe yazodharacaritane uttama sAbita karyuM che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke mahAkavi janna vastutaH kannaDa sAhityanA mahAna kaviomAMnA eka che. kavino bIjo graMtha anaMtanAthapurANa che. A eka caMpU kAvya che. AmAM 14mA tIrthakara anaMtanAthanuM pavitra jIvana citrita che. sAthe-sAthe temAM A ja vaMzanA baladeva suprabha, vAsudeva puruSottama ane prativAsudeva madhukaiTabhanuM caritra paNa varNita che. anaMtanAthapurANa 14 AzvAsomAM vibhakta che. temAM kavie alaMkArone vizeSa sthAna nathI ApyuM. A purANa dorasamudra (halebI)nA zAMtIzvara jinAlayamAM pUrNa thayuM hatuM. temAM yazodharacaritanAM paNa aneka padya upalabdha thAya che. temAM spaSTa ullekha che ke A graMtha yazodharacaritanI pachIno che. AcArya guNabhadraracita uttarapurANa, cAuDarAyaracita cAunDarAyapurANa vagere prAcIna kRtione Adarza mAnIne kavie navIna sannivezonI kalpanA karI che. paMpa vagere pUrva kavionA mArganuM anusaraNa karatAM mahAkavi janne A surucipUrNa tathA kAvyalakSaNathI yukta purANanI racanA karIne potAnA kavitvanI prauDhatAno paricaya Apyo che. vastutaH AnA paThanathI jyAM rasikonuM manoraMjana thAya che, tyAM bhAvuka bhavya jIvomAM jinendra bhagavAnamAM ananya tathA avicala bhakti utpanna thAya che. A graMthamAM mahAkavi janne dainaMdina anubhavanI ghaTanAone cittAkarSaka zailImAM prastuta karI che. A kAvya badhAne AkRSTa karI lIdhA hatA. A purANamAM jaina siddhAMtonA mArmika upadeza tathA tapasyAnA vizada varNananI sAthe sAthe ja AmAM tIrthakara anaMtanAthanA paMcakalyANakonuM varNana che. AmAM temanI bALalIlA, yauvana-prApti para mAtA-pitA dvArA kanyAnveSaNa tathA vivAhanuM Ayojana, sAMsArika sukha-bhoga ane tenAM uddIpaka vasaMta Rtu, candrodaya vagerenuM sajIva prastutIkaraNa che. pachIthI saMsAramAM virakti, tapasyA, kevalajJAna, nirvANa prApti vagerenuM suMdara citraNa che. zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa ane hAsyAdi vividha rasonI sRSTi karI janne prastuta purANane khUba ja AkarSaka banAvyuM che. eka vAra AnA AdyapAnta paThanathI rasika

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74 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa pAThakonuM hRdaya cokkasa praphullita thaI UThaze. khAsa karIne sAdhvI sunaMdA tathA caMDazAsananAM upAkhyAna mahAkavi jannanI anupama kavitva zaktinAM paricAyaka che. duSTa ane krUra caMDazAsana dvArA pativratA ziromaNi sunaMdAne kArAgAramAM rAkhavAmAM AvavI, tyAM tene kharAba rIte satAvavAmAM AvavI, tenA pUjya pati vasuSeNanA mastakane sAme lAvIne rAkhavuM, tene joIne sunaMdAe dehatyAga karavo vagere dazyo vastutaH hRdaya-vidAraka che. A varNanomAM karuNarasanI nirmaLa gaMgA nibaMdha rUpe pravAhita thaI che. - janne graMthAraMbhe badhA prasiddha AcAryo tathA kavionuM smaraNa karyuM che ane graMthAMte potAnA AzrayadAtA rAjA vIranarasiMhane hRdayathI AzIrvAda ApyA che. jannanA uparyukta saMkSipta paricayathI vidvAna pAThakone te medhAvI mahAkavinA agAdha pAMDitya, gahana lokAnubhava, vyApaka zAstrAdhyayana, anupama varNanavaiduSyanI khabara paDI jAya che. vastutaH janna eka mahAkavi che ane temanI kAvyapratibhA spRhaNIya che. vidvAnonI daSTie janna hitamitabhASI ane ucita padaprayogamAM siddhahasta hatA. anAvazyaka kaThina zabdono prayoga kavie kyAMya paNa nathI karyo. samucita suMdara zabdo jagnanA kAvyamAM prayukta che. lAlitya, mAdhuryAdi guNothI paripUrNa jagnanuM kathA-kauzalya sarvAMgasuMdara che. guNavarma (dvitIya) teo puSpadaMtapurANa tathA candranAthASTakanA racayitA che. temano AzrayadAtA rAjA kArtavIryano sAmaMta zAMtivarma che. kArtavIryanA guru municandra ja temanA paNa guru che. guNavarme pUrva kavionI stutimAM mahAkavi janna (I.sa.1530)nI stuti karI che. AthI e nirvivAda siddha che ke kavi guNavarma janna pachI thayA. mallikArjune (I.sa.1245) temanA puSpadaMta purANanA keTalAMka padyonuM anukaraNa karyuM che. ethI te paNa siddha che ke guNavarma mallikArjuna pahelAMnA che. A pramANonA AdhAre Ara. narasiMhAcAryano mata che ke guNavarma lagabhaga 1225 I.sa.mAM jIvita rahyA haze. - narasiMhAcAryajInA matAnusAra I.sa.1229mAM utkIrNa saudattinA zilAlekhamAM ullikhita kArtavIrya municandra ane zAMtinAthavarma ja, nisaMdeha guNavarma dvArA mRta kArtavIrya, municandra tathA zAMtivarma che. zilAlekhamAM zAMtinAthane municandranA Atmaja batAvavAmAM AvyA che. A uparAMta zilAlekhamAM temane "iSTaziSTa ciMtAmaNi' paNa kahevAmAM AvyA che. puSpadaMtapurANamAM kavi guNavarSe paNa

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caMpUyuga 75 "ISTaziSTakalpakuMja' rUpe zAMtivarganI stuti karI che. kArtavIrya I.sa.1200thI 1220 sudhI zAsana karato rahyo hato. tenI sabhAmAM ja zAMtivarSe kavi guNavarmane puSpadaMtapurANanI racanA mATe preraNA ApI hatI. A vAta puSpadaMtapurANathI paNa sAbita thAya che. kArtavIrya kuMtaladezastha kuMDimAM rAjya karato hato. AthI kavinuM janmasthaLa paNa kaMDi ja rahyuM haze. upara kahevAI cUkyuM che ke guNavarmanA pUjya guru municandradeva hatA. kavie svayaM potAnI racanAmAM paNa svIkAra karyo che ke huM temanI kRpAthI ja kavitA banAvavA mATe samartha thayo chuM. guNavarmane kavitilaka, sarasvatIkarNapUra, sahajakavisarovarahaMsa, prabhuguNAnjinIkalahaMsa, guNaratnabhUSaNa, bhavyaratnAkara, mAnameru tathA kAvyasatkalArNavamRgalAMchana vagere aneka padavI maLI hatI. kavi guNavarme pUrva kaviomAM guNavarma (prathama), paMpa, potra, ranna, agnala, nAgavarma, nemicandra, janna tathA nAgacandranuM sAdara smaraNa karyuM che. vividhakalAbhijJa, kavitAcatura, suvivekanidhAna, nRpatimati vagere vizeSaNo dvArA temaNe svayaM potAnA guNonAM vakhANa karyA che. AtmaprazaMsAnI A vAtone eka tarapha rAkhIe to paNa eTaluM to cokkasa svIkAravuM paDaze ke guNavarma eka prauDha kavi hatA ane temanI racanAo paThanIya che. - puSpadaMtapurANa caMpUkAvya che. temAM 14 AzvAsa che. tenI kula padya saMkhyA 1365 che. temAM smA tIrthaMkara puSpadaMtanuM jIvanacaritra varNita che. graMthano baMdha lalita tathA suMdara che. temAM jyAM-tyAM karNATakamAM pracalita lokoktio paNa sammilita karI devAmAM AvI che. temanI racanAomAM kAvyanA rasAsvAdananA bAdhaka ane paMpa vagere mahAkaviothI parityakta nRtyanuprAsa, yamaka vagere zabdAlaMkAro paNa maLI Ave che, jemane alaMkArazAstrIoe dUSita mAnyA che. kavie e vAtano pUro khyAla rAkhyo che ke dhvani kAvyano prANa hoya che. zAstrIya tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM pracura parimANamAM maLatA "kAkatAlIya' vagere aneka nyAya paNa puSpadaMtapurANamAM maLI Ave che. A purANanI kathA bhAga anya purANonA kathA bhAganI jema aneka janmAMtaranI kathAone kAraNe pAThakamAM aruci utpanna nathI karato. Ano mULa kathA bhAga khUba saMkSipta che. AvI saMkSipta kathAne vadhArIne 14 AzvAsomAM parivartita karI devI paNa eka asAdhAraNa kArya che, AnAthI kavinI kavitvazaktinI khabara paDe che.

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa A vistAramAM koI paNa aMza aprakRta athavA asaMbaddha jaNAto nathI. jaina purANono pradhAna rasa zAMtarasa che. zRMgArAdi anya rasa A pradhAna rasanA sahAyaka mAtra che. kavinuM kahevuM che ke jevI rIte kaTu auSadhio pIvarAvavA mATe abodha bALakone zarkarA vagere madhura vastu ApavAmAM Ave che, te ja rIte mokSa pratye aruci rAkhanAra vyaktione te tarapha AkarSita karavA mATe zrRMgArAdi rasono prayoga jaina purANomAM karavAmAM Ave che. AvI sthitimAM zAMtarasapradhAna kAvyomAM zRMgArAdi rasone adhika mahattva na ApatAM tenA pradhAna rasanI yathAvatu rakSA karanAra kavinuM pratibhAcAturya vAstavamAM prazaMsanIya che. jaina kaviomAM purANanAM aMgonA prazna para matabheda che, keTalAka loko purANanA ATha aMga mAne che to keTalAka pAMca aMga mAne che. puSpadaMtapurANamAM AThe aMga levAmAM AvyA che. vidvAnonuM kahevuM che ke guNavarmano baMdha prauDha tathA anuprAsayukta che. graMthAraMbhe kavie tIrthaMkara puSpadaMta, siddha, sarasvatI, yakSapakSI, kevalI, zrutakevalI, dazapUrvadhArI, ekAdazAMgadhArI, AcArAMgadhArI ane kuMdakuMda vagere bA prasiddha AcAryonI sAdara stuti karI che. guNavarmanA candranAthASTakamAM mAtra 8 padya che. A padya mahAgnagdharA vRttamAM racavAmAM AvyA che. pratyeka padya "candranAtha" zabdathI prAraMbha thAya che. A aSTaka kolhApuranA tribhuvanatilaka jinAlayanA candranAthaprabhunI stutirUpe racita che. AmAM gaMbhIra zailImAM tIrthaMkara candranAthanuM guNagAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. guNavarmanI A baMne kRtio madrAsa vizvavidyAlayathI prakAzita thaI cUkI che. kamalabhava temaNe zAMtinAthapurANa lakhyuM che. temanA guru dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha ane kuMdakuMdAnvayanA yati mAghanandI che. kamalabhave pUrvakaviomAM jannanuM smaraNa karyuM che. AthI eTaluM to spaSTa che ke te janna pachI thayA che. mallikArjune potAnA "sUktisudhArNava'mAM kamalabhavanA graMthamAMthI aneka padyo uddhata karyA che. AthI kavi kamalabhavanuM mallikArjunanI pahelAM thavuM sunizcita che. A pramANonA AdhAre temano samaya lagabhaga 1235 I.sa. nirdhArita karavAmAM Avyo che. ' "kusumAvali'nA racayitA deva kavi kamalabhavanI graMtha-racanAnA preraka rahyA haze. e ja kAraNa che ke kusumAvalinA katiraya padyo kamalabhavanA graMthamAM upalabdha thAya

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caMpUyuga che. ema jaNAya che ke kamalabhavane kavikaMjagarbha ane sUktisaMdarbhagarbhanI padavIo maLI hatI. kamalabhave pUrvakaviomAM paMpa, ponna, nAgacandra, ratra, baMdhuvarma tathA nemicandra vagerenuM smaraNa karyuM che. temaNe potAnI racanAmAM potAnA guNa tathA kavitA-cAturyanI prazaMsA paNa svayaM karI che. kamalabhavanuM zAMtIzvarapurANa 16 AzvAsomAM vibhakta che. graMthanA prAraMbhe kavie zAMtIzvara tathA siddhonI stuti anaMtara prAyaH badhA prasiddha AcAryo tathA kannaDa kavionI stuti karI che. Ara. narasiMhAcAryanA mate A eka lAlityapUrNa kAvyaracanA che. AmAM kavinI kAvyadhArA nibaMdha rUpe pravAhita thaI che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kamalabhava eka pratibhAzALI kavi che. temanuM zAMtIzvarapurANa maisUra sarakAra taraphathI prakAzita thaI cUkyuM che. saMbhava che ke kamalabhava dvArA anya koI graMtha paNa racavAmAM Avyo hoya. paraMtu hajI sudhI mAtra zAMtIzvarapurANa ja upalabdha thaI zakyuM che. mahAbala temaNe neminAthapurANanI racanA karI che. teo bhAradvAja gotranA che. temanA pitA rAyideva, mAtA rAjiya%, guru meghacandra hatA. pratyeka AzvAsanA aMte gadyamAM kavie "mAdhacandraaividyacakravartizrIpAdaprasAdAsAhitasakalakalAkalApa' ema aividyacakravartI mAdhavacandranuM sAdara smaraNa karyuM che. saMbhavataH mAdhavacandra mahAbalanA vidyAguru hatA. neminAthapurANano racanAkALa zaka saMvata 1176 (I.sa.1254) che, teno ullekha kavie pote karyo che. ketayanAyaka athavA kSemaMkare mahAbala dvArA neminAthapurANanI racanA karAvI hatI. ketayanAyaka svayaM kavi hatA. A vAta uparyukta purANathI ja vidita thAya che. ketayanI patnI zrIpatinI putrI marudevI hatI. marudevInI eka putrI hatI, jeno vivAha kalideva sAthe thayo hato. ketayanAyake koTibAge jinAlayamAM vrata lIdhuM hatuM. kavi mahAbala zrIpatinA putra lakSmanA guru hatA. mahAbale potAne "saciva' kahyA che; saMbhavataH te ketayanAyakanA "saciva' rahyA haze. kavie lakhyuM che ke temaNe potAno graMtha neminAthapurANa zrutAcArya vagerenI upasthitimAM sabhAmAM saMbhaLAvI potAnA ziSya (pUrvokta) lakSma pAse lakhAvyo che. mahAbalane 'sahajakavimanogehamANikyadIpa' ane vizvavidyAviraMci' nAmaka padavI prApta hatI. temaNe potAnA pUrvavartI kavionuM smaraNa nathI karyuM. mahAbale

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa potAnA kavitA-cAturyanI svayaM prazaMsA karI che. temanuM neminAthapurANa eka caMpUgraMtha che. te 16 AzvAsomAM pUrNa thayuM che. AmAM hiravaMza tathA kuruvaMza baMnenI kathA varNita che. graMthAraMbhe badhA kavionI jema siddha, sarasvatI vagerenI stuti uparAMta AcArya tathA kavionI stuti karavAmAM AvI che. neminAthapurANano baMdha prauDha che. A purANa hajI aprakAzita che. AMDacya 78 AMDayyanA kAvyanuM nAma kabbigarakAva arthAt madanavijaya che. kannaDa bhASAbhASIonA nivedanathI temaNe A kAvyanI racanA karI hatI. vastutaH A racanA kannaDa bhASAbhASIo mATe kavinI eka apUrva dena che. madanavijaya kAvyamAM vaidika purANokta ziva ane kAmanuM yuddha varNita che. koI paNa jaina mULa graMthamAM anupalabdha eka navIna kathAne kavie svapratibhAcAturya dvArA suMdara rIte nirUpita karI che. potAnI pUrva sthiti saMbaMdhe ajANa banela kAma rita dvArA kAmavijaya saMbaMdhI potAnI ja kathA sAMbhaLIne zApathI mukta thaI jAya che. vastutaH A kavinI eka navIna udbhAvanA che. AMDayya kannaDa sAhityane eka navIna kathAvastu pradAna karavA mATe ja nahi, paraMtu potAnI kathana-zailI ane bhASA-vaiziSTya mATe paNa cirasmaraNIya che. pUrvanA kavionI kRtiomAM saMskRta samAsapadonI kliSTatAne jotAM kavinuM mana du:khI thayuM haze ane eTalA mATe temaNe dezya tathA tadbhava zabdone apanAvavAno prayAsa karyo haze. AMDayyanI bhASA-zailI lalita tathA madhura ane varNana cittAkarSaka che. tenA kAvyamAM prayukta 'muktapadagrAsa' nAmaka zabdAlaMkAra svAbhAvika tathA lalita che. kavie potAnA kAvyamAM jaina dharmanI zreSThatAne bahu ja suMdara Dhabe citrita karI che. etadartha mAtra eka udAharaNa paryApta thaze. eka ja bANathI zivane ardhanArIzvara banAvanAra mahAzUra manmatha (kAmadeva) eka zramaNa (muni)ne joIne thara-thara kAMpavA lAgyo ane te zramaNanI mahAna tapasyAthI prabhAvita thaIne te bhaktithI vinamra banI gayo. jyAre eka zramaNamAM ja ATaluM sAmarthya hoya to pachI tIrthaMkaranA mahimAnuM to zuM kahevuM ? jaina dharmano mahimA batAvavA mATe kavi AMDayyanuM A kathA-cAturya prazaMsanIya che. vastutaH AMDayyanA A kAvyamAM lAlitya tathA mAdhurya baMne upasthita che.

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caMpUyuga 79 mallikArjuna tathA kezirAja 13mI zatAbdInA madhya bhAgamAM thayela A baMne pitA-putranuM kannaDa sAhityanA ItihAsamAM eka viziSTa sthAna che. teo baMne kavi hatA. paraMtu duHkhanI vAta e che ke hajI sudhI temano koI paNa svaracita kAvya graMtha upalabdha nathI thayo. mallikArjuna malla ane mallappa nAme paNa prasiddha che. mallikArjune potAnI pUrvanA kannaDa sAhityamAMthI "sUktisudhArNava' nAmaka eka padya saMkalana cokkasa taiyAra karyuM che. temAM 19 AzvAsa che. A saMkalana graMthanA pUrvapIThikA nAmanA prathama AzvAsamAM temanA svaracita aneka padya upalabdha thAya che, mAtra eTaluM ja nahi, A AzvAsamAM temanA dvArA racita ghaNA-badhA evAM padya paNa maLe che je abhilekhomAM utkIrNa che. kezirAja temaNe potAnA graMtha zabdamaNidarpaNamAM colapAlacarita, subhadrAharaNa, prabodhacandra ane kirAta nAmaka potAnI svaracita kRtiono ullekha karyo che. paraMtu hajI sudhI AmAMthI eka paNa graMtha prApta thaI zakyo nathI. vidvAnonA mate prabodhacandra nATaka graMtha haze. jo A eka nATaka graMtha hoya to kannaDa sAhityamAM tenuM khUba mahattva haze, kemake prAcIna kannaDa sAhityamAM nATaka graMthono sarvathA abhAva che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke kezirAja eka zreSTha kavi che. mallikArjunanA sUktisudhArNavanA pUrvapIThikA nAmaka prathama AzvAsa choDI bAkInA 18 AzvAsomAM 18 prakAranAM varNano maLe che. A varNanonAM padya khUba ja sarasa che. A saMkalanamAM kaMda ane vRtta ja lakhavAmAM AvyA che. sUktisudhArNava kannaDa sAhityanA ItihAsanI dRSTie khUba ja mUlyavAna che. hajI sudhI anupalabdha tathA aprApya aneka kAvyaracanAonA keTalAka aMza A saMkalanamAM maLe che. kavionA kALanirNaya mATe paNa A graMtha AdhArabhUta che. A saMkalanamAM udbhata padyakAvyonA racayitA I.sa. 1250nI pahelAMnA sAbita thAya che. jyAre AmAM anuddhata badhA kavi paravartI sAbita thAya che. sUktisudhArNavanA saMgrahakAryamAM pitAnI sAthe kezirAjanuM paNa yogadAna rahyuM haze. pUrvavartI badhA kAvya graMthanA avalokanathI kezirAjane potAnA vyAkaraNa graMtha zabdamaNidarpaNanI racanAmAM paryApta sahAyatA maLI haze. kezirAje A ja graMthonA AdhAre vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI niyamono saMgraha karyo haze. zabdamaNidarpaNa eka suMdara vyAkaraNa graMtha che. tenAM sUtra kaMda padyomAM che tathA vRtti gadyamAM che ane udAharaNa

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa pUrvakavionAM kAvyonAM levAmAM AvyA che. vyAkaraNanA niyamo samajAvavA mATe kaMda pagha ja saraLa hoya che. tenAM badhA udAharaNa khUba sarasa hovAne kAraNe A vyAkaraNa graMtha paNa kAvyanI anubhUti karAve che. kavinI prAmANikatA prazaMsanIya che, tenA badhA kathya sapramANa che. 80 jUnI bhASAmAM vyavahRta azuddha prayogone dUra karI, bhASAne parizuddha banAvavI ja kezirAjanuM mukhya lakSya rahyuM. kannaDa dhAtupAThanA nirmANanuM zreya kezirAjane ja che. temanA pitA mallikArjuna svayaM vidvAna ane kavi hatA. temanI mAtA sumanobANanI suputrI hatI tathA mAmA prasiddha mahAkavi janna hatA. sumanobANa paNa svayaM kavi hatI. AthI bAlyakALathI ja temane sAhityika vAtAvaraNa maLyuM hatuM. kavi malle potAnA 'manmathavijaya'mAM temane lokanA ekamAtra zabdaza kahyA che. temanuM A kathana ochAmAM ochuM kannaDa bhASAnI dRSTie to sarvathA satya che. nirdoSa pAMDitya prApta karavA mATe 'zabdamaNidarpaNa'no abhyAsa Avazyaka ja nahi, anivArya che. nAgarAja temano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.1331 che. kavinA pitA viThThaladeva ane mAtA bhAgIrathI hatI. nAgarAjanA sahodara tipparasa tathA guru anaMtavIrya kevalI hatA. bhAratIbhAlanetra ane sarasvatImukhatilaka temanI padavIo hatI. temanI racanA 'puNyAzravakathA' che. kavinuM kahevuM che ke pUjya gurunI AjJAthI sagaranA nivAsIo mATe meM A puNyAzravakathAnI racanA karI che. A racanAmAM devapUjA, gurUpAsti, svAdhyAya, saMyama, dAna ane tapa A badhAnuM varNana karIne temanA AcaraNa dvArA svargApavargane prApta karanAra purANapuruSonI kathAo varNita che. joke nAgarAje nayasenanI jema paradharmano sIdho upahAsa nathI karyo, chatAM paNa temaNe jaina dharmanI zreSThatA spaSTa rUpe pratipAdita karI che. vaDDArAdhanAnI keTalIka kathAo puNyAzravamAM paNa maLe che. nAgarAja kathAnirUpaNamAM kuzaLa che. kAvya dezIya zailImAM lakhavAmAM AvyA che je saraLa tathA lalita che. tenI sAthe sAthe ja varNanamAM svAbhAvikatA paNa che. 'puNyAzravakathA' sAmAnya janatA mATe upayogI kathAgraMtha che.

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caMyuga bAhubali ane madhura 14mI zatAbdInA purANaracayitAomAM bAhubali ane madhurane paNa sammilita karI zakAya. bAhubalino samaya lagabhaga I.sa.13para ane madhurano samaya I.sa.1385 che. baMnenAM kAvyanuM viSayavastu eka ja che ane te che 15mA tIrthaMkara dharmanAthanuM caritra. "ubhayabhASAkavicakravartI" upAdhidhArI bAhubalino graMtha dharmanAthapurANa eka prauDha graMtha che. temAM 16 AzvAsa che. madhuranA graMthamAM hAla mAtra cAra ja AzvAsa upalabdha che. madhure potAnI khUba prazaMsA karI che. saMbhavataH te vijayanagaranA rAja hariharanI sabhAnA kavi hatA. temanA varNanamAM svAbhAvikatA che. abhinava vidyAnaMda ane bhaTTAraka akalake potapotAnI kRtiomAM madhuranA padyo lIdhA che. madhuranI eka gomsastuti paNa che. jaina caMpu kaviomAM madhura aMtima kavi che. bAhubali ane madhura baMne jaina paraMparAnA kavi che. temanA kAvyomAM paNa jaina purANonI sAmAnya vizeSatAo upalabdha thAya che. maMgarAja athavA maMgarasa caudamI zatAbdInA caMpU racayitAomAM "khagendramaNidarpaNa" nAmaka vaidyaka graMthanA racayitA maMgarAja (I.sa.1360) eka viziSTa kavi che. temaNe potAne hosala dezAMtargata mugulipuranA adhipa ane pUjyapAdanA ziSya batAvyA che. temanI patnInuM nAma kAmalatA hatuM ane temanA traNa saMtAna hatA. A badhI vAta temanI kRtiomAMthI jJAta thAya che. kavie vijayanagaranA rAjA hariharanI prazaMsA karI che. AthI maMgarasa temanA samakAlIna hatA. temane "sulalitakavipikavasaMta', vibhuvaMzalalAma' vagere keTalIya padavIo maLI hatI. maMgarAjanuM kahevuM che ke janatAnI vinaMtIthI meM sarvajanopakArI A vaidyaka graMthanI racanA karI che. AmAM mAtra auSadhio ja nathI, paraMtu maMtra-yaMtra paNa che. kavino mata che ke "auSadhiothI Arogya, ArogyathI deha, dehathI jJAna, jJAnathI mokSa prApta thAya che. eTalA mATe huM auSadhazAstra batAvI rahyo chuM." maMgarase sthAvara ane jaMgama baMne prakAranA viSane auSadha batAvyuM che. khagendramaNidarpaNa eka zAstrIya graMtha che chatAM paNa temAM kAvyanA guNa upasthita che. tenI racanA lalita ane zailI paNa suMdara che.

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prakaraNa 4 Sadi ane sAMgatyayuga bhAskara kavi bhAskara 15mI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhamAM thayA. temaNe bhAminI SadimAM 'jIvaMdharacarite' lakhyuM che. A kAvya graMthanA AdhAre teo basavAMka nAmaka jaina brAhmaNanA putra hovAnuM jaNAya che. bhAskare ukta kAvya penagoMDenA zAMtIzvara jinAlayamAM zAlivAhana zaka saMvat 1345 (I.sa.1423)mAM racyuM hatuM. kAvyano kathAbhAga manohara che. sanniveza racanAmAM kavie potAnA kauzalane suMdara DhaMge abhivyakta karyuM che. bhAskaranI zailI saraLa, lalita tathA nAdamaya che. kavinuM kalpanAcAturya hRdayagrAhI che. mahAkavi vAdIbhasiMha sUrinA kSetracUDAmaNi kAvyanuM ja A kannaDa rUpAMtara che. A kAvya prakAzita thaI gayuM che. kalyANakIrti teo 15mI zatAbdInA madhya bhAgamAM thayela jaNAya che kemake temaNe potAnuM 'jJAnacandrAbhyudaya' I.sa.1439mAM racyuM hatuM. kavi kalyANakIrtie jJAnacandrAbhyudaya, kAmanakathe, anuprekSe, jinastuti ane tattvabhedASTaka A graMthonI racanA karI che. 'jJAnacandrAbhyudaya' nAmaka kathA graMthamAM ema batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke jJAnacandra rAjAe tapasyA dvArA kayA prakAre potAno AdhyAtmika vikAsa karyo. lagabhaga 900 paghonuM A kAvya vArSika bhAmini ane parivardhina Sadi nAmaka chaMdomAM che. bIjI racanA jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdhita kAmanakathe che. te sAMgatya chaMdamAM che. kavie te tulu dezanA zAsaka bhairavasuta pAMDyarAyanI preraNAthI racyuM hatuM. temAM lagabhaga 330 padya che. tenI zailI sarasa che. kalyANakIrtinA bAkInA traNa graMtha paNa jainadharma saMbaMdhita che. kavinuM eka anya kAvya siddharAzi che, paraMtu te hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI. jJAnacandrAbhyudayane choDIne bAkInA graMtha aprakAzita che. ratnAkara varNI ratnAkara varNInA ratnAkarasiddha, ratnAkaraaNNa vagere keTalAMya nAma hatA, paraMtu kavine ratnAkarasiddha nAma ja vizeSa priya hatuM. ratnAkare potAne karNATakavAsI, kSatriyavaMzI ane zrI maMdarasvAmInA putra batAvyA che tathA cArukIrtine dIkSAguru ane haMsanAthane mokSaguru kahyA che. ratnAkare 10 hajAra padya parimita potAnuM

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SaTrapadi ane sAMgatyayuga 83 "bharatezavaibhava' nAmaka mahAkAvya mAtra 9 mAsamAM pUrNa karyuM hatuM. joke A vAta thoDI atizayoktipUrNa mAlUma paDe che. paraMtu mahAkavi ratnAkara mATe te azakya nathI. devacaMdranA kathanAnusAra ratnAkare bharatezavaibhava uparAMta aparAjitezvarazataka, trilokazataka tathA ratnAkarAdhIzvarazataka nAmaka zatakatrayanI tathA be hajAra adhyAtmagItonI racanA karI che. kavie trilokazatakamAM potAnuM janmasthaLa mUDabidrI batAvyuM che. A zatakano racanAkALa I.sa.1457 che. saMbhava che ke A zataka kavinI prathama kRti hoya che. A rIte ratnAkare 15mI zatAbdInA uttarArdhamAM ja potAnI kRtionI racanA karI che. ratnAkaranA pratyeka zatakamAM 128 padya che. A zatakomAM lokasvarUpa batAvanAra trilokazataka kaMda padyamAM che. bAkI be zataka vRttamAM nirUpita che. temAM ratnAkarazataka kavinI pratyutpannamatine pratibiMbita karanAra eka sarvazreSTha graMtha che. bAkI zatakonI jema nItinirUpaNa karavuM ja tenuM lakSya che, chatAM paNa temAM oja tathA teja che. ratnAkara eka svataMtracetA kavi che. temanI vANI saTIka tathA marmasparzI che, joke karma pratipAdana tathA tattvajijJAsAnA saMdarbhamAM temano dRSTikoNa udAra che. jIvananI kSaNabhaMguratAno svIkAra karavA chatAM paNa ratnAkara bhogathI vimukha thavAnI vAta nathI kahetA; paraMtu teo kahe che ke bhogane bhogavatAM paNa zAzvata sukha prApta karI zakAya che. A ja kavinA bharatezavaibhava mahAkAvyano sAra che. - bharatezavaibhava bharata cakravartInA caritra sAthe saMbaMdhita eka mahAkAvya che. kathA khUba jUnI che. bharata prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevanA jayeSTha putra, soLamA manu, prathama cakrI ane caramazarIrI che. anya badhA zalAkApuruSonAM jIvanacaritranI jema bharatanAM jIvanacaritrano AdhAra paNa AcArya jinasenanuM AdipurANa ja che. ratnAkare jinasena dvArA varNita bhAratanI kathAnA mULa rUpano svIkAra karavA chatAM paNa tenA vivaraNamAM paryApta parivartana karyuM che. prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevanI kathAnA eka aMga rUpe varNita A kathAnA AdhAre eka svataMtra kRtinI racanA karavI te ratnAkaranI vizeSatA che. temanI pahelAM koI paNa kannaDa kavie AvI racanA nahotI karI. ratnAkare je kaMI kathAvastu upalabdha hatI tene potAnI navIna kalpanAothI sajAvI che tathA potAnA kathAnAyakanA caritrane navIna UMcAIo

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84 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa sudhI pahoMcADyuM che. potAnA A prayatnamAM teo cokkasa saphaLa thayA che. A mahAkavie tIrthakaronA pAMca kalyANakonI jema ja bhogavijaya, digvijaya, yogavijaya, arkakIrtivijaya ane mokSavijaya nAmanI pAMca saMdhiomAM bhAratanI kathAno vistAra karyo che. bharatezavaibhavanA bhogavijaya kathAbhAgamAM bharata dvArA anubhUta laukika sukha bhogonuM tathA tenA aizvarya ane samRddhinuM AkarSaka citra prastuta karavAmAM AvyuM che, je ApaNane sahasA tIrthaMkaranA garbhavataraNa-kalyANakanuM smaraNa karAve che. vastutaH bhogasaMdhi zRMgArarasano eka mahAsAgara che. bharata cakravartInA jIvananuM zRMgArika citraNa AcArya jinasenanA AdipurANamAM paNa maLe che. vAstavamAM ratnAkare bharatane eka atyaMta vaibhavazALI tathA sukhI vyaktirUpe citrita karyo che. ratnAkare "bhogavijaya" nAmaka A saMdhi (adhyAya)mAM purANokta bharatanI kathAvastumAM koI vizeSa parivartana nathI karyuM, joke Ano varNana bhAga kavino potAno che. ratnAkare digvijayanI kathAvastumAM cokkasa parivartana karyuM che. purANano bharata nirdaya tathA kaThora che, paraMtu ratnAkarano bharata dayALu tathA mRduhRdayI che. teno bharata yuddhane pasaMda nathI karato, paraMtu virakta thaIne tapasyA mATe gayelA sahodaro mATe khUba duHkhI thAya che. ratnAkara eka svataMtracetA kavi che, tene je paNa vAta ThIka lAge teno svIkAra karI le che. e ja kAraNa hatuM ke mUDabidrIno zrAvakavarga ratnAkara prati asaMtuSTa thaI gayo hato, tema chatAM zrAvakavarganA asaMtoSa mATe tatkAlIna sthAnIya bhaTTAraka paNa eka kAraNa hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. ratnAkaranA bAkI traNa kathA bhAgomAM mUla kathAnI dRSTie koI vizeSa parivartana nathI. "bharatezavaibhava'nI mahattA kavinI kAvya dRSTine kAraNe che. mahAkavine potAnA kathAnAyaka karmavIra bharata pratye apAra bhakti hatI. kavi sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsane AdhyAtmika vikAsanA AtyaMtika virodhI nathI mAnatA, te mAne che ke niSkAma bhAve saMsAramAM rahIne paNa AdhyAtmika vikAsa saMbhave che. eTalA mATe te potAnI kathAno prAraMbha bharatanA bhoga-vilAsanA varNanathI kare che. bharata pakhaMDano adhipati tathA navanidhino svAmI hato. bhoga-vilAsanA sAdhanarUpa suMdara strIonI paNa tene kamI na hatI, chatAM paNa bharata dharmanI upekSA nathI karato. rAjya lakSmIno saMcaya tathA kAmanuM sevana karatAM karatAM paNa te gRhastha

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Sadi ane sAMgatyayuga dharmanA mUlAdhAra paMcANuvratonuM pAlana kare che. bharata dharmanI maryAdAnI aMdara rahIne sAMsArika sukha-vaibhava bhogavanAra eka rAjarSi che. vastutaH bhoga ane tyAgamAM avirodha pradarzita karI, bhoga ane yoganI vacce samanvaya karavo e ja mahAkavi ratnAkaranA kAvyanuM ekamAtra lakSya che. kavi kuveMdunA zabdomAM bharatezavaibhavamAM tyAga ane bhoganA samanvayarUpI yogadarzana ratnAkare suMdara rIte pratipAdita karyuM che. teNe te Adarzane mAtra bharatanA jIvanamAM ja nahi paraMtu samagra kAvyamAM kuzaLatApUrvaka vyakta karyo che. A prakAranI kAvyasRSTi saMsAranA koI paNa sAhitya mATe gauravanI vastu che. A dRSTie bharatezavaibhava eka mahAna kRti che. 85 ratnAkaranuM kAvya carvitacarvaNa ke piSTapeSaNa nathI. te sAMpradAyikatAthI paNa ghaNuM dUra che. sAmAnya janatA tenA kAvyathI lAbha uThAve, te ja kavinuM mukhya lakSya hatuM. ratnAkaranI zailI sarasa ane saraLa che. kavinA varNanamAM svAbhAvikatA che. kavie je kaMI lakhyuM che te AtmAnubhavanA AdhAre lakhyuM che. ratnAkara kannaDa kavirUpa mALAnA eka dedIpyamAna maNi che. temanA kAvyonA keTalAya saMskaraNa thaI cUkyAM che. vijayaNa vijayaNa mUDabidrInA nivAsI hatA. temaNe dvAdazAnuprekSAnI racanA karI che. A kRti sAMgatya chaMdamAM che, vacce-vacce kyAMka kaMda vRtta paNa che. graMthamAM jaina dharmamAM pratipAdita bAra bhAvanAonuM varNana che. sAhityanI dRSTie A racanA bahu mahattvapUrNa nathI. kavinuM nirUpaNa saraLa, sugama tathA hRdayagrAhI che. vijayaNano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.1450 che. kavino AzrayadAtA devakavi che. tenI ja preraNAthI prastuta graMtha racavAmAM Avyo che. dvAdazAnuprekSAne kannaDamAM lAvavAnuM zreya vijayaNane ja che. A graMtha paThanIya che. te prakAzita paNa thaI gayo che. zizumAyaNa hoysala dezAMtargata kAverI nadInA taTa para avasthita nayanApura zizumAyaNanuM janmasthaLa hatuM. kavinA pitA bommiseTTi ane mAtA nemAMbikA hatI. kavinA zraddheya guru kANurguNanA bhAnumuni hatA. belukere nagaranA svAmI gommaTadevanI preraNAthI kavie 'arjanAcarite'nI racanA karI hatI. tripuradahana nAmano temano eka anya graMtha paNa che. zizumAyaNano samaya I.sa.1472 che. kavinA baMne

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kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kAvya sAMgatya chaMdamAM nirUpita che. baMne saraLa tathA pravAhapUrNa che. sAMgatya kAvyonI abhivRddhimAM zizumAyaNanuM mahattvapUrNa sthAna che. 86 zizumAyaNanuM tripuradahana 282 sAMgatya paghonI eka laghukAya kRti che. te saMskRta prabodhacandrodaya nATakanI jema eka lakSya kAvya che. kavie zivapurANanI prasiddha tripuradahananI kathAmAM parivartana karI temAM jinezvara devane janma-jarAmaraNarUpI tripuronA saMhArakartA batAvyA che. tadanukUla kavie mohAsurane tripurano rAjA; mAyAne tenI rANI; manuSya, deva, tiryaMca ane naraka gatione cAra putra, krodha, lobhAdine maMtrI tathA nAnAvidha karmone tenA parivAra rUpe nirUpita karyo che. zivapurANanI badhI ghaTanAone ahIM sAMketika rUpa ApI devAmAM AvyuM che. jinezvaradevanA lalATa para kevalajJAnarUpI trIjuM netra prakaTa thAya che, jenA dvArA tripura (mohAsura)ne saparivAra parAjita karI devAmAM Ave che. parama dayALu jinezvaradeve mohAsurane mAryo nahi, paraMtu hAtha-paga bAMdhIne tene potAnA caraNomAM namAvyo ane mukta karI javA dIdho. A rIte kavie A kAvyamAM jinezvaradevane zivathI adhika dayALu siddha karyA che. zizumAyaNanuM aMjanAcarite 6 hajAra padyono eka bRhad graMtha che. temAM AcArya raviSeNaviracita saMskRta padmacaritramAM varNita aMjanAnI kathAno ja vistAra karavAmAM Avyo che. kavinA varNanamAM svAbhAvikatA che. kavino dRSTikoNa janasAdhAraNane paritoSa ApavAno ja rahyo che ane A kAryamAM kavi zizumAyaNa pUrI rIte saphaLa thayA che. bombarasa te2kaNAMbinivAsI bommarasa sanatkumAracarite ane jIvaMdharasAMgatya nAmaka be graMthonA racayitA che. temano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.1485 che. kavinA pitAnuM nAma paNa bommarasa ja hatuM. saMbhavataH temanA pitA bombarasa paNa vidvAna hatA. A sanakumAracaritemAM bhAmini SadinA 870 padya che. temAM hastinApuranA yuvarAja sanatkumAranI kathA varNita che. kavinuM kathAnirUpaNa suMdara che, padyono pravAha ThIka che ane varNanamAM navInatA che. ema jaNAya che ke kavi bommarasa bhojanapriya hatA kemake temanA kAvyamAM bhakSya-bhojana padArthonuM varNana vizeSarUpe maLe che. kavinA jIvaMdhara sAMgatyamAM lagabhaga 1450 padya che. temAM rAjapurInA mahArAja satsaMdharanA suputra jIvaMdharanI kathA nirUpita che. kathA saraLa tathA jana

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papadi ane sAMgatyayuga 87 bhogya che. varNana suMdara che. jo ke bommarasane mahAkavi na kahI zakAya chatAM paNa teo eka zreSTha kavi che. kavi koTIzvare paNa lagabhaga I.sa.1500mAM, bhAminI papadimAM eka jIvaMdharacarite lakhyuM che, paraMtu te graMtha apUrNa che. maMgarasa (tRtIya) pahelA maMgarasa khagendramaNidarpaNa nAmaka vaidyaka graMthanA racayitA che. bIjA maMgarasa maMgarAjanighaMTunA racayitA che. trIjA maMgarasa jalanRpakAvya, nemijinezasaMgati, zrIpAlacarite, prabhaMjanacarite, samyaktakaumudi ane sUpazAstra nAmaka graMthonA racayitA che. cuMgAlva sacivakuloddabhava kallahallikA vijayabhUpAla temanA pitA che. temanI mAtA devile ane guru cikkaprabhendu che. kavine prabhurAja, prabhukula ane ratnadIpa nAmaka padavIo maLI hatI. kavinA pitA yuddhavIra jaNAya che, kemake kavie potAnA pitAne "raNakabhinavavijaya' kahyAM che. maMgarasa tRtIya 16mI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhanA kavi che. maMgarasanuM jayanRpakAvya parivardhinI padimAM, sUpazAstra vArdhakaSapadimAM, samyaktakaumudi udaMDaSapadimAM ane bAkInA traNa graMtha sAMgatyamAM che. jayanRpakAvyamAM karujAMgaNanA rAjakumAra jayanRpanI kathA che. teno mULa AdhAra AcArya jinasena racita saMskRta kathA che. kathAnAyaka prathama cakravartI bharatano senApati hato. A eka zRMgArika kAvya che. maMgarasano padabaMdha lalita tathA svabhAvokti hRdayagrAhI che. kavinI kalpanA navIna tathA manohAriNI che. parivardhinI SaTrapadimAM racita A kAvyamAM kavitA maMgarasanI jANe celI ja che. maMgarasanuM sUpazAstra 356 padyono eka pAkazAstrano graMtha che. teno AdhAra piSTapAka, pAnaka, kalamAtrapAka, zAkapAka vagere saMskRta graMtha rahyA che. badhAnI carcA A graMthamAM thaI che. maMgarasa kahe che ke A pAkazAstra strIo mATe atyaMta priya ane upayogI che. kavi rasanendriyatuSTine ja laukika ane pAralaukika sukha * mAne che. samyaktakaumudI 792 padyonuM eka suMdara kAvya che. temAM vaizya arhadAsanI strIo dvArA kathA saMbhaLAvavA tathA te sAMbhaLIne rAjA uditoditane samyakta tathA svarga prApta thavAnI kathA varNita che. A kathA pUrvamAM gautama gaNadhare magadhanareza zreNikane saMbhaLAvI hatI. A kathAmAM bIjI paNa keTalIya upakathAo sAmela che.

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88 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa A badhI suMdara kathAo janapada kathAonA varganI ja che. A kathAomAM nItiupadeza bharelA paDyA che. badhI kathAo paThanIya che. maMgarasanuM prabhaMjanacarite apUrNa che. bAkI be graMtha bRhadAkAra che. temAM eka che zrIpAlacarite, jemAM puMDarikiNI nagaranA rAjA guNapAlanA putra zrIpAlanI kathA varNita che. temanA anya kAvyonI jema AmAM paNa navInatA, manoharatA ane svAbhAvikatA che. kavinA apUrNa prabhaMjanacaritemAM zuMbhadezanA jaMbhApuranA rAja devasenanA putranI kathA varNita che. A kAvya paNa saraLa tathA sarasa che. nemijinezasaMgatimAM 22mA tIrthaMkara neminAthanuM puNyacaritra nirUpita che. vidvAnono mata evo che ke A racanA kavinI prathama kRti che, kemake AnI zailI kavinA anya kAvyonI jema prauDha nathI. chatAM paNa AmAM kavihRdaya hAjara che ane tenA yuddhavarNanathI jJAta thAya che ke maMgarasa kSatriya hatA ane yuddhamAM teNe cokkasa bhAga lIdho haze. tenA jayanRpakAvya, sUpazAstra, samyaktakaumudi ane nemijinezasaMgati prakAzita thaI cUkyAM che. abhinavavAdi-vidyAnaMda temaNe "kAvyasAra' nAmaka eka saMkalana graMthanI racanA karI che. nagara tAlukAntargata hoMbujanA eka zilAlekhamAM temanI khUba prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. prativAdIone jItavAmAM tathA upanyAsamAM temane advitIya kahevAmAM AvyA che. eTalA ja mATe vAdividyAnaMda nAmathI prasiddha thayA haze. temano samaya I.sa.soLamI zatAbdIno pUrvAddha jaNAya che. temanA uparyukta saMkalana graMthamAM 1140padya che. saMbhavataH temaNe anya graMthonI racanA paNa karI haze. vidyAnaMdano "dazamaluyAdi mahAzAstra' nAmaka eka graMtha mane prApta thayo che. A graMtha prAkRta, saMskRta ane kannaDa bhASAmAM likhita che. ItihAsanI dRSTie A graMtha mahattvapUrNa che. teno vistRta paricaya meM anyatra eka lekhamAM Apyo che. sAlva temaNe potAnA AzrayadAtA sAlvamala ane rAja sAlvadevanI preraNAthI bhAminI SaTrapadimAM 'bhArata' nAmaka graMthanI racanA karI che. A graMtha sivAya sAlve rasaratnAkara ane vaidyasAMgatya nAmaka bIjA be graMthonI racanA karI che. vidvAnonA mate "zAradAvilAsa' nAmaka eka anya kRti paNa temanI ja che. kavinA pitA

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papadi ane sAMgatyayuga 89 dharmacandra ane guru zrutakIrti che. sAlva 16mI zatAbdInA madhya ke uttara bhAgamAM thayA haze. sAlvanA "bhArata'ne nemIzvaracarite paNa kahe che. anya jaine bhAratonI jema ahIM paNa harivaMza-kuruvaMzanI kathA ApavAmAM AvI che. A eka dhArmika graMtha che. kavi sAlva eka vidvAna kavi che. temanuM kAvya madhyama kakSAnuM che. kavino rasaratnAkara nAmaka eka alaMkArazAstrIya graMtha paNa che. temAM cAra AzvAsa che. sAlve A kRtinI racanAmAM amRtAnaMdI, rUdrabhaTTa, hemacandra, nAgavarma vagere kavionA graMthomAMthI sahAyatA lIdhI che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke A graMtha vistArathI lakhavAmAM Avyo che. te vAta kavie svayaM kahI che. joke kavie badhA nave rasonuM varNana karyuM che. tathApi tene zRMgArarasa adhika priya hato. sAlvanA "zAradAvilAsamAM kAvyanA AtmAsvarUpa dhvani ja pratipAdita che. kannaDamAM dhvani pratipAdaka graMthomAM A prathama racanA che. A graMtha hajI sudhI pUrNa rUpe upalabdha thayo nathI. teno mAtra bIja AzvAsa ja maLyo che. sAlvano vaidyasAMgatya eka suMdara vaidyagraMtha che. A rIte kavi sAlva potAnI bahumukhI pratibhAthI kannaDa bhASAsAhityanI tuSTi-puSTimAM cokkasa bhAgIdAra che. dophathya temaNe candradevaprabhacaritanI racanA karI che. temano nizcita samaya jJAta nathI. saMbhavataH teo 16mI zatAbdInA madhyabhAgamAM thayA haze. temanA graMthano mULa AdhAra kaviparameSThI ane AcArya guNabhadranI kRtio che. temAM lagabhaga 4500 padya che. sAhityanI daSTie A graMtha sAmAnya starano ja che. bAhubali teo zrRMgerivAsI vaizyaziromaNi saNaNanA putra hatA. temanI mAtA bompaladevI hatI. eka divasa rAjA bhairavendranI sabhAmAM bhaTTAraka lalitakIrtie purANa zravaNa karAvatAM bhairavendrane zrIpaMcamIno mahimA saMbhaLAvyo. A kathA lakhavA mATe rAjAe bAhubaline Adeza Apyo. lalitakIrtie paNa AnuM samarthana karyuM. te baMnenI preraNAthI kavie nAgapaMcamIno mahimA prakaTa karanAra nAgakumAracaritenI racanA karI. bAhubalino samaya I.sa.1560 che. kavinuM nAkumAracarite eka suMdara kRti che. te 3700 pono eka bRhad kAvyagraMtha che. kavine kavirAjahaMsa ane saMgItasudhAbdhicandram nAmaka padavIo maLI hatI. guNacaMdra guNacaMdra eka lAkSaNika kavi che. temano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.1650 che. temaNe IndasAra nAmaka eka saMgraharUpa chaMdograMtha lakhyo che. temAM pAMca adhyAya

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90 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che. prAraMbhanA cAra adhyAyomAM kavie prAya: saMskRta chaMdo saMbaMdhe ja lakhyuM che. paraMtu aMtima adhyAyamAM anya kannaDa graMthomAM anupalabdha kannaDa chaMdonA prANabhUta chaMda dhruva, bhaTTa, tripuTa, rUpaka, jepaka, aSTa ane eka AditAla pratipAdita che. A ja rIte dvipadi, tripadi, lAvaNi vagerenAM suMdara lakSya tathA lakSaNa paNa ApavAmAM AvyA che. graMthano aMtima adhyAya vaizistrapUrNa che. A laghukAya chaMdograMtha chaMdazAstranA vidyArthIo mATe vizeSa upayogI che. lagabhaga I.sa.13mI zatAbdImAM jIvita kavi raTTano "ThThamata' nAmaka eka jaina jyotiSa graMtha paNa maLe che. te 818 vividha chaMdomAM racita, 12 adhyAyono eka bRhad graMtha che. vastutaH "TTa' kavinI upAdhi che. temanuM vAstavika nAma bIjuM ja haze. A kRtimAM mAtra varSAnA lakSaNa vizeSa rUpe pratipAdita che. varSA, pAka vagere kRSi sAthe saMbaddha viSaya AmAM suMdara DhaMgathI vistArapUrvaka varNita che. kheDUto mATe A graMtha vizeSa upayogI che. jyotiSazAstra tathA potAnA anubhavanA AdhAre kavie potAnA A graMthamAM kheDUtone lAbhaprada aneka upayukta viSayonI carcA karI che. temAM jamInamAMthI pANIne zodhI kADhavuM, azuddha pANI zuddha karavuM vagere viSayonuM vidhAna paNa nirUpita che. 16mI zatAbdInA anya jaina kAvya lekhakomAM "vijayakumArika'nA racayitA zrutakIrti, "candraprabhaSaTrapadi'nA racayitA doDuNAMka, zRMgArapradhAna "sukumAracarita'nA racayitA pArasa ane "vajakumAracarite'nA racayitA brahma kavi mukhya che. I.sa.1600mAM devottame "nAnArtharatnAkara' nAme ane zRMgAra kavie karNATakasaMjIvana' nAme be nighaMTuonI paNa racanA karI che. kavi zAMtarase yogazAstraviSayaka "yoga ratnAkara" nAmaka eka suMdara yogazAstra paNa lakhyuM che. saMbhavataH 17mI zatAbdI pachI jaina kavio racanAthI sarvathA vimukha thaI gayA. saMkhyAmAM ja nahi, sArasvata saMpadAmAM paNa A kALa jainonI avanatino kALa che. A kALamAM jaina kavionI saMkhyA mAtra 25-30 ja rahI. AmAM paNa sAhityanI dRSTie ullekhanIya kavi mAtra 5-6 ja che. ullekhA keTalAka kaviono paricaya nIce pramANe che : bhaTTAkalaMka temaNe "karNATakazabdAnuzAsana'nI racanA karI che. temano samaya I.sa. 1604 che. kavi devacakke temanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. keTalAka zilAlekhomAM paNa temanI khUba prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. temAM saMdeha nathI ke bhaTTAkalaMka sAceja te prazaMsAnA pAtra che. teo prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa nAgavarma (dvitIya) ane kezirAjathI caDhiyAtA

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Sadi ane sAMgatyayuga che. vastutaH bhaTTAkalaMka mahAvaiyAkaraNa hatA. temaNe mAtra 562 sUtromAM ja bhASAviSayaka samasta viSayo bharI dIdhA che. ullekhanIya che ke bhaTTAkalaMke kannaDa vyAkaraNa saMskRtamAM lakhyuM che. eTaluM ja nahi, temaNe etadartha 'bhASAmaMjarI' nAmaka saMskRta vRtti tathA 'maMjarImakaraMda' nAmaka saMskRta vyAkhyA paNa lakhI che. kavie svayaM potAne saMskRta ane kannaDa baMne bhASAonA vyAkaraNonA marmajJa batAvyA che. nisaMdeha bhaTTAkalaMka apAra tathA agAdha pAMDityanA svAmI hatA. teo dakSiNa kannaDa jillAnA akalaMkadevanA ziSya hatA. AthI bhaTTAkalaMka tyAMnA ja nivAsI haze. dhariNa paMDita temaNe 'varAjJanRparite' ane 'vijjalacarite'nI racanA karI che. temano samaya lagabhaga I.sa.1650 che. temanA pitA viSNuvardhanapuranA padmapaMDita hatA. varAnRpacarite sarvaprathama jaTAsiMhanandie saMskRtamAM racyuM hatuM. te ja baMdhuvarme 'jIvasaMbodhana'mAM saMgraharUpe ApyuM hatuM. dharaNipaMDite A kathAne bhAmini SadimAM vistArathI lakhI. A graMtha pUrNarUpe nathI maLyo. nUtananAgacandra ane cidAnaMda 91 nUtananAgacandre lagabhaga I.sa.1950mAM 'jinamunitaya'nI ane cidAnaMde lagabhaga I.sa.1980mAM 'munivaMzAvyudaya'nI racanA karI che. jinamunitanaya nIti ane dharma pratipAdaka eka laghukAya kRti che. temAM mAtra 109 kaMda padya che. tenuM pratyeka padya jinamunitanaya zabdathI pUrNa thAya che. AthI tenuM nAma jinamunitanaya paDyuM. munivaMzAbhyudaya sAMgatyamAM che. temAM jaina guruparaMparA ApavAmAM AvI che. tenI sAthe sAthe ja temAM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ane samrATa candraguptanI dakSiNayAtrAnuM vivaraNa paNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. devacaMdra temaNe 'rAjAvalIkathe' ane 'rAmakathAvatAra' nAmaka be graMthonI racanA karI che. temano samaya I.sa.1770-1841 che. devacandra maisUranareza suDi kRSNarAjanA samakAlIna hatA. rAjAzrita vaidya sUri paMDitanA protsAhanathI ja temaNe 'rAjAvalIkathe'nI racanA karI hatI. temAM jainadharmanA ItihAsanI aneka vAto tathA rAjA ane kavionAM jIvanacaritro ApavAmAM AvyAM che. temAM maisUranA rAjAonI vaMzAvalI paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. 'rAmakathAvatAra' eka caMpU graMtha che. mahAkavi nAgacandra (abhinavapaM5)mAMthI temaNe mAtra kathA tathA bhAvone ja nathI lIdhA paraMtu temanA aneka padyono anuvAda paNa karyo che. graMtha sAmAnya starano che. *

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potra aitihAsika graMthonI sUcI graMtha graMthakAra prakAzaka kavirAjamArga nRpataMga karNATaka saMgha ArTasa enDa sAyansa koleja, beMgalUra vikramArjuna vijaya paMpa kannaDa sAhitya pariSa, beMgalUra zAMtipurANa vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa (purANacUDAmaNi) gadAyuddha (sAhasabhImavijaya) ranna saM. pro. sI. naM. maisUra. chaMdobudhi nAgavarma lalita prakAzana, vI.vI.mohallA, maisUra. cUDAmaNi-kAvya zrIvadhideva (anupalabdha) cUDAmaNi-vyAkhyA taMbulUra kirAtAjunIyavyAkhyA durvinIta (sarga-10) candraprabhapurANa zrIvijaya praznottararatnamAliko nRpataMga vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. vardhamAnapurANa asaga (anupalabdha) harivaMza guNavarma neminAthapurANa bhuvanaikavIra vaphArAdhane zivakoTyAcArya zAradAmaMdira, rAmapya raste, upasargakavalionI kathA maisUra 4.5. AdipurANa paMpa candraprabha presa, belagAMva. bhuvanaikarAmAbhudaya potra (anupalabdha) zAMtipurANa kamalabhava maM. A. rAmAnujaagAra, sahAyaka adhyApaka mahArAnI koleja, maisUra. ajitapurANa jaina sAhitya prakAzana saMgha, banumadhya raste, maisUra. triSaSTilakSaNamahApurANa cAuDarAya padmanAbhazarmA, banumaya raste, 21 maisUra.

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aitihAsika graMthonI sUcI jAtakatilaka candraprabhacarita (anupalabdha) tattvArthasUtra-kannaDavRtti sukumAracarita mallinAthapurANa paMparAmAyaNa (rAmacandracaritapurANa) kaMtihapana samayaspegaDha dharmAmRta vyavahAragaNita kSetragaNita vyavahAraratna lIlAti citrasuge jainagaNitasUtraTIkodAharaNa govaidya samaya-parIkSA trailokyacUDAmaNistotra neminAthapurANa kalyANakAraka dharma parIkSA zAsrasAra samuccaya kAvyAvalokana karNATakabhASAbhUSaNa vastukoza abhidhAnaratnamAlA zrIdharAcArya "" divAkaranaMdi zAMtinAtha nAgacandra abhinavapaMpa (nAgacandra) kRti nayasena rAjAditya 33 "" ,, ,, ,, kIrtivarma brahmaziva 97 vRttavilAsa "" prAcya vidyA saMzodhAlaya, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. "" "" 33 kannaDa saMgha, zivamogya, maisUra. kannaDa adhyayana naM. saMsthe, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. 33 lokanAtha zAstrI, mUDabidrI. prAcya vidyA saMzodhanAlaya, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. (aprakAzita) "" 33 .. 99 "3 karNapArya (karNAma, kaNapa) vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. prAcya saMzodhanAlaya, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. somanAtha ,, 93 kannaDa saMzodhana saMsthe, dhAravAra. 19 nAgavarma (dvitIya) prAcya vidyA saMzodhanAlaya, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. kannaDa sAhitya pariSad, beMgalUra. vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. nAgavarma (dvitIya) vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa.

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94 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa neminAthapurANa lIlAvati nemicandra karNATaka vizvavidyAlaya, dhAravAra. zAradA mandira, rAmapya raste, maisUra 4. boppaNa jI. brahmavya, zravaNabelagola. saMgrahomAM prakAzita che. AcaNa vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. pArzvapaMDita (pAzva) kezirAja zAradA mandira, rAmapya raste, agnala maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. gompaTezvara-stuti nirvANalakSmIpatinakSatra vardhamAnapurANa pArzvanAthapurANa zabdamaNidarpaNa candraprabhapurANa kAvanagellA kabbigarakAva madanavijaya vardhamAnacaritra vardhamAnapurANa harivaMzAvyudaya jIvasaMbodha yazodharacarita aDa (Da) zAradAmaMdira, rAmapya raste, (aprakAzita) maisUra, 4.4. sakalakIrti (saMskRta) padma (aprakAzita) baMdhuvarma ca.caM.brahmasUraNya, zramaNabelagola. zAradAmaMdira, rAmapya raste, maisUra-43, 1961. kinnaDa adhyayana saMstha, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. guNavarma (dvitIya) vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. jana anaMtanAthapurANa puSpadaMtapurANa candranAthASTaka neminAthapurANa suktisudhArNava mahAbala mallikArjuna (aprakAzita) prAcya saMzodhanAlaya, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra. aprakAzita (ajaina) kezarAja colapAlacarita subhadrAharaNa prabodhacandra kirAta puNyAzravakathA dharmanAthapurANa nAgarAja bAhubali (aprakAzita) ( " ) madhura

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aitihAsika graMthonI sUcI pa maMgarAja ke maMgarasa vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. bhAskara karNATaka vizvavidyAlaya, dhAravAra. kalyANakIrti atibala graMtha mAlA, belagAMva. aprakAzita khagendramaNidarpaNa jIvaMdharacarite jJAnacandrAvyudaya kAmanakathe anuprekSe jinastuti tattvabhedASTaka bharatezavaibhava aparAjitezvarazataka ratnAkaravartI jI. brahmaya, zravaNabelagola. maisUra, mUDabidrI vagere aneka sthaLe. padmarAja paMDita, beMgalUra. aprakAzita trilokazataka ratnAkarAvadhIzvarazataka dvAdazAnuprekSA vijayaNa aMjanAcarite zizumAyaNa tripuradahanasAMgatya sanakumAracarite bommarasa jIvaMdharasAMgatya jayanRpakAvya maMgarasa (tRtIya) nemijineza saMgati zrIpAlacarite prabhaMjanacarite samyaktakaumudI rAmAnuja aThaMgAra, maisUra. saM.-paM. zAMtirAja zAstrI, maisUra. aprakAzita sUpazAstra saM.-paM. zAMtirAja zAstrI. prakA. abila graMthamAlA, belagAMva. prAcya saMzodhanAlaya, maisUra. mAnasagaMgotrI, maisUra. (aprakAzita). vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. maMgarAjanighaMTu khagendramaNidarpaNa (viSavaidya) kAvyasAra maMgarasa (dvitIya) maMgarasa (prathama) abhinavavAdividyAnaMda rAmAnuja aThaMgAra, mahArAnI koleja, maisUra.

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96 kannaDa jaina sAhityano ItihAsa sAlva bhArata (nemIzvaracarite) rasaratnAkara vaidyasAMgatya zAradAvilAsa candraprabhacarite vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa. aprakAzita. doDuNya rAmAnuja aThaMgAra, mahArAnI koleja, maisUra. saM.-paM. zAMtirAja zAstrI, maisUra. aprakAzita. prakAzita (sthaLa ajJAta) aprakAzita. nAgakumAracarite chassAra mata vijayakumArikathe candraprabhaSaTrapadi sukumAracarite vajakumAracarite nAnArtharatnAkara karNATakasaMjIvana yogaratnAkara karNATakazabdAnuzAsana bAhubali guNacandra kaviTTa zrutikIrti doDuNAMka padmarasa brahmakavi devottame zRMgArakavi kavizAMtarasa bhaTTakalaMka hosaMgaDi biNANi, hosaMgaDi. rAmakamala prakAzana, belepeTe, beMgalUra. dharaNipaMDita bhASAmaMjarI maMjarI makaraMda varAMganRpacarite bijjalacarite jIvasaMbodhana varAMgacarite jinamunitanaya munivaMzAvyudaya rAjAvalIkathe rAmakathAvatAra baMdhuvarma jaTAsiMhanaMdi, nUtananAgacandra cidAnaMda devacaMdra aprakAzita. brahma, holalukere, maisUra. (upara mujaba) (saMskRta). aneka sthaLethI prakAzita aprakAzita. "mAnasagaMgotrI' maisUra vizvavidyAlayanuM nAma che.

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa

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prakaraNa 1 jainadharma ane tAmila deza prAraMbha-kALa nAma bhAratIya ItihAsamAM jainadharmanuM potAnuM eka viziSTa sthAna che. jaina sAdhuo ane vidvAnoe potAnA dharmanA pracAra-prasAramAM janatAnI vyavahArika bhASAne mAdhyama banAvI. temaNe Ama lokone bALapaNathI ja jaina saMskAra ApavAno prayAsa karyo ane e mATe jaina darzana tathA sAhityane paNa temanI mAtRbhASAmAM prastuta karyuM. e ja kAraNa hatuM ke jaina vidvAnoe dakSiNa pradezanI tAmila bhASAmAM paNa potAnuM sAhitya racyuM ane tAmilanA vikAsamAM paryApta yogadAna ApyuM. "jina" te pUtAtmAne kahe che, je pUrNa rIte jitendriya hoya ane bhava paraMparAthI vimukta thaI gayo hoya. tAmila bhASAmAM "jina" dvArA upadiSTa dharmane "jainam kahe che, tathA te dharmanA anuyAyIone "jaina" kahe che. jaina sAdhune saMskRta bhASAmAM zramaNa' tathA prAkRta bhASAmAM "samasa" kahevAmAM Ave che. A ja zabda tAmilamAM AvIne "camaNarU" ane "amaNarU' thaI gayo che. have to te zabda sAmAnya jaina arthAt jaina zramaNa tathA jaina gRhastha baMne mATe vaparAya che. "jina"ne ja "arukarU' paNa kahe che je saMskRta zabda anuM tAmila rUpa che. A ja AdhAre jainone "Ahata (saMskRta rUpa Auta) nAme paNa bolAvavAmAM Ave che. jaina-mate rAga-dveSa rUpI graMthiothI pUrNa rIte chUTakAro meLavavAnI avasthAne kevaladazA ke vItarAga dazA kahe che, eTalA mATe jainone "nigraMtha'nI saMjJA maLI, jenuM prAkRta rUpa "nigaMTha' che. A ja kAraNe jaina matane "nigaMThavAda" paNa kahe che. "piDinaram' (azokavRkSa) nIce ahiMtu bhagavAnanA birAjavAnI anuzrutinA AdhAre jainone piSThiya' (arthAtu azokavRkSa nIce birAjanAra bhagavAnanA upAsaka) nAme tAmila graMthomAM nirdiSTa karavAmAM AvyA che. "cAvakarU' (zrAvaka) te jainone kahe che, je gRhastha hoya che. paraMparA jainonI dhAraNA che ke jainadharma ati prAcIna che. jaina dharmanA aMtima covIsamA tIrthaMkara jJAtaputra vardhamAna mahAvIra thayA hatA. temanuM nirvANa IsavIsana pahelAM

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100 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa para7mAM thayuM. jaina graMtho anusAra temanI AcArya paraMparA nimna krame che - (zvetAMbara mAnyatA anusAra) (digaMbara mAnyatA anusAra) mahAvIra svAmI mahAvIra svAmI gautama gautama sudharmA jaMbU svAmI prabhava sudharmA jabUsvAmI viSNunandI niMdimitra zadhyambhava yazobhadra aparAjita sakyUtivijaya bhadrabAhu govardhana bhadrabAhu dakSiNamAM praveza: digaMbara paraMparAnI pracalita anuzrutinA AdhAre uparyukta AcArya paraMparAnA aMtima jaina AcArya bhadrabAhue dakSiNa pradezamAM sarvaprathama praveza karyo hato. bhadrabAhu magadhanareza candragupta mauryanA gura hatA. te samaye uttara bhAratamAM khUba moTo dukALa paDyo. AvI vikaTa sthitimAM tyAM vipula sAdhusaMghanuM bharaNa-poSaNa muzkela thaI gayuM, AthI AcArya bhadrabAhue potAnA aneka ziSyo sAthe magadha choDIne dakSiNa tarapha prasthAna karyuM ane "zravaNaveLakuLam nAmaka sthAna para AvI rokAyA. bhadrabAhue tyAMthI potAnA ziSya vizAkhane cola ane pAMDiya narezonA zAsanakSetra tAmilanADumAM jainadharmano pracAra karavA mATe mokalyA hatA. te ja AcArya vizAkhanA sAnidhyamAM caMdragupta maurye vidhivat samAdhi maraNa prApta karyuM hatuM. ukta tathyonI puSTi jaina graMtho tathA zilAlekhonA AdhAre karavAmAM Ave che. 1. A sthAna maisUrathI da2 mAIla ane cannArAyapaTTaNathI Azare aDhAra mAIla dUra che. kannaDamAM AnuM nAma "zravaNabelagoLa' che.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 101 paraMtu keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke A badhA ullekho IsunI navamI zatAbdI pahelAMnA nathI. AthI te daMtakathAmAM ullikhita candragupta candragupta-dvitIya ane bhadrabAhu bhadrabAhu-tRtIya hoI zake. paraMtu bauddhadharmanA prAcIna tathA prAmANika aitihAsika graMtha "mahAvaMzamAM e vAtano ullekha maLe che ke caMdragupta mauryanA samayamAM siMhalanareza pAMDukAbhaye nigaMTho (jaino)nI sahAyatA karI hatI. te uparAMta prathama ke dvitIya sadInA tathA brAhmIlipimAM aMkita keTalAka jaina-zilAlekha dakSiNa tAmilanADunI guphAomAM maLI AvyA che. jo ke keTalAka loko temane bauddha zilAlekha kahe che, paraMtu adhikAMza vidvAna temane jaina-zilAlekha mAne che. AthI ema nizcayapUrvaka kahI zakAya che ke jaina zramaNoe IsunI bIjI sadImAM ja tAmilanADu AvIne, tAmila bhASA dvArA potAnA saMpradAyano prasAra karavo zarU karI dIdho hato. tema chatAM Aje tAmilanADumAM prAcIna jaina paraMparA luptaprAya thaI gaI che, chatAM paNa eka samaya evo hato, jyAre tAmiladezanA khUNe-khUNe jainadharmanI duMdubhI gUMjI uThI hatI. jainonA A suvarNayuganI jANa upalabdha zilAlekho ane aneka sthAno para bhUgarbhamAMthI prApta prastara-mUrtio dvArA spaSTa rIte thAya che. eTaluM ja nahi, amarappAkkam, arukatura, namaNa samudram, jinAlayam, paMcapAMDavamale, amakuDi, zamaNatiDala, zamaNamalai, arukamaMgalam, zastipuram vagere jainasUcaka zabdothI banelA sthaLonAM nAmothI paNa jainadharmanI vyApakatA tathA lokapriyatAno paricaya maLe che. keTalAMya sthaLonAM nAmanA aMte "paLika' (jaina maTha-upAzraya) zabda maLI Ave che. AdikAla jaina-paraMparAmAM kuMdakuMdAcAryanuM mahattvapUrNa sthAna che. ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke teo I.sa.pUrva, ke I.sa.nI pahelI sadImAM thayA hatA. teo tAmila pradezanA nivAsI hatA. temanA dvArA racita graMthonuM digaMbara-paraMparAmAM vizeSa bahumAna che. hiMdudharmamAM je sthAna prasthAnatrayI' arthAtu upaniSadu, brahmasUtra ane bhagavadgItAnuM che, te jasthAna digaMbara paraMparAmAM kuMdakuMdAcAryanA "prAbhRtatraya' arthAt paMcAstikAyasAra, pravacanasAra ane samayasAranuM che. saMzodhana vaDe mAlUma paDe che ke kuMdakuMdAcAryanA ziSya "balAka piccha' kahevAtA hatA. temanA pachI guNanaMdInuM nAma levAmAM Ave che. I.sa.bIjI sadImAM AcArya samantabhadra kAMcInarezane parAjita karyA. pariNAmasvarUpa kAMcInareza saMnyAsa grahaNa karI zivakoTi AcArya nAme prakhyAta thayA. A ja jainono AdikAla hato, jenuM tAmiladezamAM AgavuM aitihAsika mahattva hatuM.

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102 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa keTalAka zodhakartAono mata che ke AcArya akalaMkadeve kAMcInareza himazItala (I.sa.788)nA darabAramAM bauddha bhikSuone zAstrArthamAM harAvyA hatA. pachI temaNe rAja sAhasatuMganI sabhAmAM jaIne potAno paricaya Apyo. tenuM bIjuM nAma daMtidurganuM hatuM. tyAM keTaloka samaya sudhI rahyA pachI, AcArya alaMkadeva tAmilanADanA tiruppanapUramAM rahevA lAgyA. tyAra pachI kramazaH, suprasiddha jaina graMtha harivaMzapurANa'nA racayitA jinasena (prathama), virasena, jinasena (dvitIya) ane temanA ziSya guNabhadra tAmilanADumAM AvyA. temAM, AcArya virasene "jayadhavalA TIkA' nAmaka graMtha lakhavAno prAraMbha karyo, paraMtu te pUro karyo temanA manISI ziSya AcArya jinasena (dvitIya). A ja rIte AcArya jinasenanA mahApurANanA adhUrA kAryane temanA ziSya guNabhadra I.sa.898mAM "uttarapurANam nAmaka graMtha lakhI pUrNa karyuM. tyAra pachI, tAmilanA suvikhyAta pAMca mahAkAvyomAM tRtIya "jIvakaciMtAmaNi'nA racayitA tiruttakka deba, "cULAmaNi' (jaina mahAkAvya)nA kavi tolAmoni debarU ane guNabhadranA ziSya arthabalI - traNe te samayanA khyAtilabdha jainAcAryo thayA. karNATakamAM evI daMtakathA che ke suprasiddha zaivAcArya tijJAnasaMbadhanI sAthe thayelI tarkagoSThImAM AcArya jinasene paNa bhAga lIdho hato. paraMtu A kathA nirAdhAra pratIta thAya che, kemake tAmila graMthomAM A ghaTanAnuM koI pramANa nathI maLatuM. tijJAnasaMbadhane AcArya jinasenanA samakAlIna mAnavAnuM koI pramANa nathI. vAstavamAM jainadharmano AdikAla tijJAnasambandhanA samayamAM ja (IsavI sAtamI sadI) aMtima caraNamAM pahoMcI cUkyo hato. AcArya jinasena (ki.)no samaya navamI zatAbdI che. kalaba karNATakanA rAjya zAsanane sthira karanAra jainono prabhAva, "karanaTa' (kannaDa ke karNaTa) mAnavAmAM AvatAM kalabronA zAsana sAthe ja tAmilanADumAM phelAyo. A ja samaye AcArya vajanaMdIe madhura nagarImAM eka jainasaMghanI sthApanA karI hatI. A I.sa. pAMcamI sadInI ghaTanA che. AcArya devasene I.sa.933mAM racita potAnA "darzanasAra' nAmaka graMthamAM lakhyuM che ke vi.saM. pa26 (I.sa.470)mAM vajanaMdIe madhuramAM drAviDa saMghanI sthApanA karI. pUjayapAda je drAviDa-gaNa (aMtarvibhAga)ne joyo, te ja vajanaMdInA samayamAM vizALa saMgha banyo. suprasiddha zaiva saMta appanA samaya sudhI tiruppAtiriSphaliyu "pATalipurama"nA nAmathI 1. A sthaLa madrAsa zaherathI Azare 125 mAIla dakSiNamAM che.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 103 prasiddha jaina kendra hatuM. tyAMnA jaina saMghanA mukhya AcArya sarvanaMdIe I.sa.458mAM loka vibhAgam" nAmaka graMtha lakhyo. te samaye kAMcImAM siMhavarmanuM zAsana hatuM. teno ullekha sarvanaMdIe potAnA graMthamAM karyo che. A kALa jaina dharmanI dRSTie "ujjavala yuga' rahyo che. vajanaMdIno saMgha keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke vajanaMdI navamI sadInA hatA ane A saMghanA 241145 dl 24124L teach (Saletore-Mediaeval Jainism, p. 233). potAnA matanA pramANa mATe temaNe je zilAlekha uddhata karyA (E. C. II--254 p. 109, 110 : 258--p. 117), tenAthI e ja prakaTa thAya che ke devasaMgha, naMdIsaMgha, siMhasaMgha ane senasaMgha - A cAra vibhAgomAM vaheMcAIne ja jainasaMgha kAma karato hato. paraMtu, tAmilanADunA vidyAkendra madure nagarImAM tAmilabhASI jainonA prabhAvathI 'drAviDasaMgha' divase divase pragati karato khyAti meLavI rahyo hato, tenI carcA suddhAM A zilAlekhomAM nathI maLatI. A drAviDasaMgha AdikAlanI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanA hatI. AcArya devasene potAnA graMtha "darzanasAramAM to teno spaSTa ullekha karyo che ke I.sa.470mAM vajanaMdIe madhuramAM 'drAviDasaMgha'nI sthApanA karI hatI. keTalAka lokonI dhAraNA che ke arthabalIe drAviDasaMghano kyAMya ullekha nathI karyo, AthI te saMgha arvAcIna hoI zake che. paraMtu A dhAraNA khoTI che, kemake evuM mAnI levAthI mAnadevasenanA kAla-nirNayamAM bAdhA UbhI thaI zake che ane temanA prAmANika graMthanI upekSA thaze. zaivasaMta tijJAnasaMbaMdha, sundara vagere kavionA gItothI e jANa thAya che ke drAviDasaMghamAM deva, sena, vIra; (siMha), naMdI vagere nAmavALA jainAcAryo rahetA hatA. te vidvAnonA bhramanuM kAraNa e ja che ke jainasaMgha "naMdIgaNa'nA aMtarvibhAgarUpe eka drAviDagaNa hato, jenuM bIjuM, nAma "arekalAnvayam' (uttamakalAkendra) hatuM. paraMtu "drAviDasaMgha' tenAthI bhinna hato. tenI sAthe keTalAya tAmila graMtho ane zilAlekhomAM kuMdakuMda, samaMtabhadra vagere AcAryono paNa ullekha thayo che. I.sa. sAtamI sadI samApta thatAM thatAM jainadharmano AdikAla luptaprAya thaI gayo. jaino dvArA sthApita "draviDasaMgha' paNa tAmilanADumAM vigataprabhAva thaI gayo. AthI karNATaka khUba prabhAvazALI jaina kendra banyuM tyAre tAmilanADuthI keTalAya jainAcAryo zravaNabelagola tarapha javA lAgyA. A astonmukha sthitimAM drAviDasaMghanuM nAma "drAviDagaNa paDavuM sahaja saMbhavita hatuM. tyAMnA AcArya puSpasena potAnA nAmano nirdeza tAmila-rIti anusAra "purUpacanarU' ja kare che.

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104 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa A bAju tAmilanADumAM arthabalInA ziSya bhUtabalI puSpadaMta ane tAmila mahAkAvya jIvakaciMtAmaNi tathA cULAmaNinA racayitA tirukkadebarU ane tolAmoLi devarU vagere jaina sAdhu lokavizruta hatA, AthI jaina-dharmanI lokapriyatA vadhavA lAgI. A ja samaye kSINakAya jainasaMghano vibhAga drAviDa-gaNa" "drAviDasaMgha" nAme pharI prasiddha thayo. ajJAta jainAcArya dvArA racita tAmilanA "yazodhara kAvyamuno mUla AdhAra graMtha AcArya puSpadaMtanI racanA ja mAnavAmAM Ave che. AcArya puSpasenanA ziSya guNasena ane kanakasena baMne I.sa.893mAM dharmapurImAM hatA ane ema paNa mAnavAmAM Ave che ke varaguNa vikramAdityanA zAsanakAlamAM AcArya guNasena jIvita hatA. tAmilabhASI jainAcArya colonI pahelAM tirujJAna saMbaMdharU vagere zaiva saMtonA athaka prayAsathI tAmilanADumAM bhale jainadharmano prabhAva kSINa thayo hoya, chatAM paNa ahIM-tahIM tenI asara dekhAtI ja rahI. jainAcAryonI tAmila sAhitya sevA dharmanA pracAra-prasAra sAthe sucAru rIte cAlI rahI hatI ane "jIvaka-ciMtAmaNi" vagere kAvyagraMthonuM nirmANa thayuM. ahIM, upalabdha zilAlekhothI jJAta thanAra jainAcAryono ullekha karIzuM. IsavI trIjI-cothI sadImAM candranaMdI ane InaiyabhaTTArarU nAmaka be jaina sAdhuoe saMlekhanA dvArA deha tyAga karyo.' IsavI AThamI sadInA aMte rAjA naMdibodhanA samayamAM AcArya nAganaMdI jIvita hatA. pAMDiya (pADya) nareza mAranuM cayananA zAsana-kALamAM tiruviruttale nAmaka sthAnamAM (dakSiNa pASThiya deza) aruNALatu ane accanaMdI baMne bhaTTArarU (bhaTTAraka) rahetA hatA. te saMbhavataH uttaravartI arubALa prAMtanA dakSiNa cheDA sudhI gayA haze. eka RgvadI vaDe prazaMsita malayadhvaja nAmaka jainamuni paNa te samaye hatA. - zetale-zilAlekhomAM AraMbhavIra ane gaNasena bhaTTArakano ullekha che. aNuonA samanvayathI jagatanI utpattinuM varNana "AraMbhavAda' kahevAya che. A siddhAMta Ata 1. M. A. R. 1904, 288. 2. E.I.Vol.IN, P. 136. 3. A. R.I. E. 1916, p. 122. 4. pudukoTTa zilAlekha saM. 9.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 105 matamAM (jainadharmamAM) svIkRta che. AthI "AraMbhavIrano ullekha eka jainAcArya rUpe thayo che. rAjA somAran jaraiyananA kALamAM jainadharmanI prabhAvanA karanAra bhaTTArakonA jIvananirvAha mATe karavAmAM AvelI vyavasthAnI khabara kalugumalai (gadhraparvata)nA zilAlekhothI paDe che. I.sa.893nA eka zilAlekhathI A prakAranA dharmapracAraka vinayasena siddhAMta bhaTTAraka tathA temanA ziSya kanakasena siddhAMta bhaTTAraka viSayamAM jANakArI maLe che. A ja rIte bIjA zilAlekhathI rAjA AdityanA samakAlIna guNakIrti bhaTTAraka ane temanA ziSya kanakavIrakakurattiyarUnI jANakArI maLe che. colonA kALamAM pUrvokta baMne jainAcArya cola-zAsana kALanA hatA. colAdhIza parAMtakar-1nA samaya (I.sa.94pa)nA eka zilAlekhamAM jainAcArya vinabhAsuraguru ane temanA ziSya vardhamAna periya aDigaLu (paramAcAya)no ullekha che. satyavAka nAmaka gaMganareza vaLiLagiri para eka maMdiranuM nirmANa karAvyuM. tyAM keTalAka zramaNonI prastaramUrtio che. tyAMnA zilAlekho dvArA bAlacaMdara bhaTTArarU, govardhana bhaTTArarU, zrI bANarAyanA guru bhavanaMdI (bhavaNanaMdI) bhaTTAra ane temanA ziSya devasena bhaTTAra vagerenI jANakArI maLe che. pUrvokta AcArya bhavanaMdIne ja arvAcIna tAmila vyAkaraNa-graMtha "nakUla'nA racayitA kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu nakUla-lekhaka bhavanaMdI rAjA cIyagaMganuM (siMha gaMga)nA samakAlIna hatA ane temaNe te ja nareza mATe nakUla-graMtha racyo hato. pUrvokta zilAlekhathI evuM koI pramANa nathI maLatuM ke teo zrI bANarAyarUnA guru hatA. malaiya koyiluM (jaina maMdiromAM AcArya guNasena rahetA hatA, te vAta puTukkoTTa zilAlekha-4mAM ulikhita che. cittaNavAyaluM (padukoTTanuM nikaTavartI jaina guphAmaMdira)nA prAcIna zilAlekhomAM "toLu kuratu kaDavuLanuM (pUjaya zikharavartI bhagavAna tIrthaMkara ke jainamuni), nIlam tirupUraNanuM (zrIpUrNa), ti caraNanuM 1. S.T.I.Vol.V. 2. I. M.P (Salem) 74. 3. s. I.I. Vol. II p. 92 . ane M. P (Arkat) 74. 4. I. M. P. (North Arkat) 216. 5. E.I.Vol.IV. p. 140.

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106 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa (dIkSAcaraNa?), tirucAttanuM, zrI pUrNacandranuM, niyarapha karan paTTakkALi vagere jainAcAryonA nAma ApavAmAM AvyA che. samaNara male madhuranA "samaNara male' (zramaNa giri)mAM IsavI dasamI-agiyAramI sadIonA zilAlekho che. temAM nimnalikhita jaina-nAmo maLe che - 1. kuraSThi aSTa upavAsI bhaTTArakarU 2. temanA ziSya-guNasenadeva 3. temanA ziSya-kanakavIra periyaDigaLuM 4. aSTa upavAsInA bIjA ziSya-mahAnaMdI periyArU (svAmI) 5. kuraSThi kanakanaMdI bhaTTArakar (temanuM ja nAma abhinandanuM bhaTTArakar paNa 6. guNasena devanA ziSya-vardhamAna paMDitat 7. temanA ziSya-guNasena periyaDigaLuM 8. guNasena deva caTTanuM 9. devabala devanuM 10. anDalaiyAnuM 11. areya kAviti saMgharnavi 12. zrI accaNaMdInI mAtA guNavatI 13. AccAnuM zrIpAlanuM, ane 14. kanakanaMdI. kalugu male kalugu male (budha parvata) prAcIna jaina kendra hatuM. uttarakAlIna zilAlekhomAM jainonA nimna nAma maLe che, jemake - 1. guNasAgara bhaTTAra (temanA ziSya hatA, perenkiMDi zAttanuM devanuM.) 2. tirukoTTATu pAdamUlattAnuM 3. kanmanuM pupanaMdI 4. male kuLag, zrIvardhamAna perumANAkkarU zrInaMdI 5. tirukkoTTATu uttaranaMdI guruvaDigaLu 6. temanA ziSya-zAMti senaperiyA 7. tiru naH kundram baladeva guruvaDigaLuM 1. A.R.T.E. 19082, 320, 332; 11/61-68.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 107 8. temanA ziSya-kanakavIra aDigaLuM 9. paTimaNa bhaTTAra 10. temanA ziSya-bhavazaMdI periyArU (bhavaNanaMda svAmI) 11. tiru malaiyarU moni (muni) bhArarU 12. temanA ziSya-dayApAla periyArU 13. puSyanaMdI bhaTAra 14. temanA ziSya-paeNnanda bhaTArarU 15. ariSTanemI bhaTArara (ariSTanemI bhaTTAraka) 16. tirukkoTTATu vimalAcandra guruvaDigaLuM 17. temanA ziSya - zAMtisena aDigaLuM karNATakanA zravaNabelagolanI jema, tAmilanADunA gRdhagiri ane madUnA giri jainadharmanA pradhAna kendro hatA. anya sthaLo tiSThivanamUnA velUramAM jayasena nAmaka jainAcArya hatA. topTaramAM vaja ILamaeNramAnaDigaLuM rahetA hatA. timale (uttara ArkITa jillo)mAM AcArya paravAdimala ane temanA ziSya ariSTanemI AcArya baMne rahetA hatA. temanI sAthe siMhalavAsI jainonA nAma paNa upalabdha thAya che.* dasamI sadInA eka zilAlekhamAM koyiluru (dakSiNa ArkITa jillo)nA karatti guNavIra bhaTTArano ullekha maLe che. rAjarAja coLanA samaya (I.sa.9851014)mAM guNavIra mahAmunie polvara tAlukAnA tirumale para eka "kaliMga' (baMdhanA dvAra)nI sthApanA karI hatI. suMdara pAMDiyanunA zAsana-kALamAM, kanakacandra paMDita ane temanA ziSya dharmadevAcArya baMne jIvita hatA (puTukkoTTa zilAlekha saMkhyA 474). agiyAramI sadInA colanareza rAjendrananA samakAlIna tathA tAmilanA suprasiddha chaMdagraMtha yAprerakalapha kArikai" ane "yAppakala vRttinA racayitA amita sAgara (ke amRtasAgara) viSayamAM zilAlekhamAMthI paryApta jANakArI maLe che. eka anya 1. s.II. Vol.wp. 121. 2. A.R. I. E. 1919/12, 41. 3. M. A. R. 1934-35 p. 83. 4. S.I.I.Vol.Ip. 95-98 & p. 104, 105. 5. M. A. R. 1936-37, p. 68 6. S.I..Vol.Ip. 95.

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa zilAlekhathI jANa thAya che ke vijayanagara-zAsana-kALamAM (I.sa.caudamI sadI) tiruppavrutti kuMDamAM jaina purANagraMtha 'merumaMthara purANa'nA raciyatA vAmana muni ane temanA ziSya paravAdimalla baMne virAjamAna hatA. 108 uparyukta zilAlekhomAM eka ja nAma vAraMvAra AvyuM che. saMbhava che ke eka vyaktinuM nAma temAM bevaDAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya ane ema paNa saMbhava che ke eka ja nAmanA keTalAya sAdhu bhinna-bhinna samayamAM thayA hoya. AnA samucita samAdhAna mATe graMthakartA jainAcAryonA nAmonuM vargIkaraNa tathA zodha khUba Avazyaka che. je hoya te, ATalA munio tathA AcAryonAM nAma ane paricaya prApta hovAthI spaSTa che ke jainadharmano tAmilanADumAM paryApta prabhAva hato. tolakAppiyam paricaya tAmila bhASAno prAcInatama graMtha che tolakAppiyam. A eka zreSTha vyAkaraNagraMtha ja nahi, prAmANika lakSaNagraMtha paNa che. vyAkaraNagraMthomAM to adhika zabdonI vyutpatti, niSpatti, nirukti vagerenuM bAhulya hoya che; paraMtu jemanA nAmathI ja prastuta graMtha prasiddha thayo che tevA AcArya tolakAppiyare, mAtra zabdonuM ja nahi, paraMtu akSaro sudhInuM vizada vizleSaNa karyuM che. ane vizeSatA e che ke temaNe potAnA graMthamAM kAvya, chaMda, alaMkAra, lakSaNa vagerenAM vizada varNana sAthe ja sAta rasa, dhvani, uktivaicitrya, rIti (Convention), vAcya, arthabheda vagerenI viziSTa tAmila paraMparAno prAmANika paricaya paNa Apyo che. tolakAppiyarno mata che ke AMtarika saMvedana kAma (trIjo puruSArtha) ane bAhya AcAra dharma tathA artha kAvya athavA graMthanA mukhya dhyeya che. tolakAppiyanuM vyAkaraNa-sUtra pANinIya aSTAdhyAyInI jema pratyAhAra rUpe na hotAM, aindra vyAkaraNanI jema arthavat zabdAMta (vAkyavinyasta) che. A ja kAraNe, prAcIna kavivaroe tenI prazaMsAmAM kahyuM 'endiram niraindu tolakAppiyan (aindra vyAkaraNajJAnathI pUrNa paMDitavara tolakAppiyam)'. paDime (tapazcaryA) - keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke tolakAppiyar jaina hatA. temanA graMtha 'tolakAppiyam'nA 'zirappu pAyaram' (paricAyaka abhinaMdana-padya)mAM kavivara paNambAranAre graMthakartAnI prazaMsAmAM 'paDiyo' zabda prayukta karyo che. 'paDimai' zabdano artha jaina-paraMparAnA munionuM pavitra AcaraNa ke tapasyA che. jema 1. A. R. I. E. 1923/97 D.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 109 kAyaklezapUrvaka tapasyA karanAra tapasvIo mATe sAdhAraNataH "zramaNa' zabdano prayoga thAya che, te ja rIte "paDimaiyonuM" ke "paDiyonuM' (tapasvI) zabdano prayoga mAtra jaina munio mATe thayo che, evI vAta nathI. suprasiddha zaiva sAhitya "tevAramAM tapazcaryA ane tratAnuSThAnanA arthamAM "paDimam' (paDima) zabdano prayoga maLe che. te zabdano bIjo artha che mUrti, vigraha ke zarIra. svayaM tolakAppiyare paNa te arthamAM "paDimai" zabdano prayoga karyo che. AthI "paDimai" zabdano artha sAdhAraNataH svarUpa ke mUrti mAnavo yogya gaNAze. AcArya tolakAppiyare brAhmaNa kSatriyAdi varNa dharAvanAranA pavitrAcaraNanA arthamAM paNa paDimai" zabdano prayoga karyo che. temano ja prayoga che, "enor paDiaiyam' (brAhmaNa-kSatriyAdinuM pavitrAcaraNa). saMghakAlIna kavionA padyasaMgraha "patiTTa, patumAM eka hiMdu rAjAnuM varNana che "ninuM paDimaiyAnuM" arthAta, pavitra AcaraNa dharAvanAra. A ja rIte, paDimai" ane "paDiyo" zabdonA vyApaka artha mATe keTalAya pramANa anya vidvAnoe paNa prastuta karyA che. AthI tolakAppiyamanA ziraDu pAyiramnA racayitA paNambAranArUnA paDimaiyo' zabdaprayoganA AdhAre, AcArya tolakAppiyarUne jaina siddha karavA muzkela che. Ararivayi (cha prakAranA jJAna dharAvanAra jIva). tolakAppiyane jaina siddha karavA mATe bIjo tarka e ApavAmAM Ave che ke temaNe jaina siddhAMta anusAra cha prakAranA jJAna bhedathI jIvonuM vibhAjana karyuM hatuM. cha prakAranA jJAnavALA jIvonuM vibhAjana A mujaba che - 1. sparzajJAnavALA jIva - jhADa, choDa, ghAsa vagere. 2. be jJAnavALA - sparzajJAna sAthe jIbha dvArA rasajJAna pAmanAra jIva - chIpa, kIDo, ghoMghA vagere. 3. traNa jJAnavALA - pUrvokta be jJAna sAthe gaMdhajJAnavALA jIva- kIDI, UdhaI vagere. 4. cAra jJAnavALA - uparokta traNe sAthe rUpajJAna hovAnI zakti)vALA jIva - bhramara vagere. 5. pAMca jJAnavALA - uparanA cAra jJAna sAthe zravaNajJAnavALA jIva - nAnA-moTA pazu-pakSI.

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110 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 6. cha jJAnavALA - A pAMce jJAna sivAya, ciMtana ane abhivyaMjanAnI zaktivALA "pakuttarivu' (vivecanajJAna) hovAthI, manuSya "Ararivuyi" (cha jJAnavALA) hoya che. - AcArya tolakAppiyanuM A vibhAjana jaina siddhAMta anusAra baneluM che. eTalA mATe temane jaina siddha karanAra tarka raju karavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu, jaina siddhAMta anusAra, pAMca jJAnavALA jIvonI zreNImAM ja manuSya, anavara vagere AvI jAya che, chatAM paNa saMvedana tathA vivecananuM jJAna manuSyanI jema jAnavarone nathI. tolakAppiyare potAnA vibhAjanamAM "Ararivayi' nAmano chaThTho bheda karI jANe jaina paddhatine vizada karI che. tAmilamAM jIvonA vibhAjananI potAnI viziSTa rIta che. vastuonA be vibhAga che - 1. uyara tirNa (UMcu kuLa) ane 2. arihai (tenAthI alaga kuLa). che prakAranA jJAnavALA manuSya vagerene "UMcA kuLamAM gaNavAmAM Ave che ane chathI ochA jJAnavALA manuSyo tathA anya jIvone "tenAthI bhinna (nimna) kuLamAM gaNavAmAM Ave che. A AdhArabhUta siddhAMtanuM ja AcArya tolakAppiyare potAnA graMthamAM samarthana karyuM che. A adhyAyanuM nAma temaNe "marapiyale" (rItiprakaraNa) rAkhyuM che. AthI te spaSTa pratIta thAya che ke tolakAppiyare tAmilanI viziSTa rItano ullekha karyo che, nahi ke potAnA ke koInA siddhAMtanuM samarthana karyuM che. ahIM siddhAMta-samarthana ke mata-pracAranI koI nobata ja nathI AvI; te paNa, eka prAmANika vyAkaraNa-rIti-graMthamAM sAMpradAyika siddhAMtano samAveza, jyAM sudhI tolakAppiyaranI vAta che, kyAreya zakya nathI lAgato. temano uddeza to tAmilanI rIti-nItino prAmANika paricaya ApavAno hato. temaNe Indra, varuNa vagere devatAono paNa ullekha karyo che. AthI ema kahevuM zuM ucita haze ke tolakAppiyar vaidika matanA anuyAyI hatA ? aMte jatAM, amane te nirNaya para pahoMcavAmAM koI Apatti nathI jaNAtI ke tolakAppiyare nirlipta tathA taTastha bhAvathI tatkAlIna rIti-nItino prAmANika paricaya Apyo che, ane e paNa zakya che ke temane jaina dharmanI jANakArI hatI, tathA temanA samayamAM jaina dharma tAmilanADumAM phelAI cUkyo hato. tolakAppiyarUnA "Ararivayi' (Sar3ajJAnI jIva)nuM vibhAjana grahaNa karI, temane "vaidika dharmAnuyAyI' mAnanAra paNa ochA nathI. temanI dalIla che - jaina vidvAna jIvone pAMca jJAnabhedonA AdhAre pAMca vibhAgomAM vibhAjita kare che.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 111 teno AdhAra prasiddha jainAcArya bhavagaMdI (bhavaNanaMdI)nA lokapriya tAmila vyAkaraNa graMtha "nakUlamAM maLe che. joke jainoe "aiyarivayi" (paMcajJAnI jIva)ne ciMtanazIla ane aciMtanazIla nAmaka be bhAgomAM vibhakta karyuM hatuM, chatAM paNa temaNe "ArarivuvirU' nAmaka chaThTho vibhAga nathI mAnyo. paMcendriyo sAthe manane paNa bhinna Indriya mAnavAnI paraMparA hindudharmamAM ja maLe che. teno AdhAra gItA vageremAM maLe che. AthI vaidika dharmanA A siddhAMtanuM samarthana ja "tolakAppiyam graMthamAM thayuM che. tenuM uddharaNa tathA anumodana tAmila veda "tirakra"nA suvikhyAta vyAkhyAkAra zrI parimeLa re tathA saMghakAlIna graMtha kali7orkanA vyAkhyAtA zrI naccinAddhiniyare potAnI vyAkhyAmAM karyuM che. paraMtu A dalIla paNa ekataraphI mAnavAmAM Avaze. bhale jainoe Sar3ajJAnI jIva'nuM vibhAjana na karyuM hoya, chatAM paNa teo paMcajJAnI jIvamAM ja "saMjJI" ane "asaMjJI'no bheda mAnIne, pUrvokta navA vibhAjanano samanvaya karI cUkyA hatA. jainagraMtha "aSTa padArthasAramAM manane prANanI kakSAmAM mUkavAmAM AvyuM che. AthI uparyukta jIva-vibhAjanane koI mukhya mata ke siddhAntanA dAyarAmAM na . besADatAM, "viziSTa tAmila-rIti' mAnI levAnuM yogya gaNAze. karmabaMdhathI vimukti tolakAppiyare potAnA graMtha "tolakAppiyama"nA "maraziyala' (rItiprakaraNa)mAM, mUla graMtha tathA anukaraNa-graMthanA aMtara para prakAza pADatAM, mUla graMtha vize lakhyuM hatuM vicina nIpi vistrakriya vina (arthAtu, karmabaMdhathI vimukta tathA ukvala jJAnavALA). A padanI potAnI rIte vyAkhyA karatAM keTalAka vidvAno kahe che, "pahelAM karmabaMdhamAM phasAIne, pachI tenAthI vimukta thanAra tathA satyajJAna (kevala jJAna) dharAvatA ahaMtu bhagavAnano ja ullekha A vacanamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. AthI tolakAppiyarane jaina mAnavAmAM Ave che." jainetara vidvAnonuM kahevuM che ke "vinaiyina naliya (karmabaMdhathI vimukta)no artha che svabhAvathI ja svayaM karmabaMdhathI vimukta tathA satyajJAnI bhagavAna sarvezvara. A rIte vidvAna loko potapotAnA mata-siddhAMta anusAra A vacanano artha kare che. evA artha-vinyAsanI koI sImA nathI. taTastha dRSTie vicAra karatAM eTaluM cokkasa kahI zakAya che ke tAmilabhASI janatAnA cittanI prabhAvazALI

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112 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa chApa - jainadharmanI vikasita paraMparAnI praticchAyA - AcArya tolakAppiyana rItigraMtha "tolakAppiyamamAM spaSTa joI zakAya che. na'-kArAMta varNAvalI : tAmilanI varSAvalI "a'thI zarU thaI "na para samApta thAya che.' tolakAppiya potAnA graMthamAM eka sUtra dvArA varNa-krama nirdhArita karyo che. vyAkhyAoe te kramanA udeza vize vibhinna yuktio prastuta karI che. IbaMpUraNa nAmaka vyAkaraNakAre lakhyuM che, "na" akSara puMligadyotaka che. (udA. rAjanuM, rAmanuM vagere zabdono aMtyAkSara "-" puliMga rUpe Ave che.) digaMbaramAnyatA anusAra strIone mokSa nathI hoto. tapasyA karIne strIliMga chedIne pharI puruSarUpe janma lIdhA pachI ja te mokSalAbha karI zake che. bIjI tarapha zvetAMbaramAnyatA anusAra strIne mokSa thaI zake che. zvetAMbara-mAnyatA che ke "malli' nAmaka tIrthakara strI hatI. digaMbaronuM kahevuM che ke mallIdevI strI paryAyamAM tapasyA karyA pachI AgalA janmamAM puruSa paryAya dhAraNa karavAthI tIrthakara mallinAtha kahevAyA ane mokSa prApta karyo. AthI "na'-kArane tAmila varNamALAno aMtyAkSara banAvavAno. udeza e ja hovo joIe ke te akSara mokSa prApti yogya puruSatvano ghotaka che. eTalA mATe tenI vizeSatA tathA mahattA batAvavA mATe tolakAppiyare te akSarane aMte rAkhyo che." A vAtano ullekha vaidika dharmanA paMDita zrI nazcimArjiniyare paNa potAnI vyAkhyAmAM karyo che. "paMDita zrI nazcimArjiniyar keTalAka kALa sudhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI rahyA pachI, vaidikadharmamAM pAchA pharyA' - A anuzrutinI puSTi kadAca ukta ullekhathI ja thAya che. paraMtu, vyAkhyAtAnI dalIla mAnIne AcArya tolakAppiyane jaina sAbita karavAnuM ucita nathI lAgatuM. hA, ema kahI zakAya che ke "na-kArAMta varNamAlAnI vyavasthA jainAcAryonI dena hatI. paraMtu, tenA prAmANika AdhAranI AvazyakatA che. vidvAnoe A viSayamAM zodha karavI joIe. 1. A "na akSara 'ta' vargano aMtima akSara nathI. A tAmilano viziSTa akSara che. tenuM uccAraNa "naane 'Na' vaccenuM thAya che. te moTA bhAge padAMte Ave che.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 'mArttire' (mAtrA) tolakAppiyare mAtrAnI vyAkhyA karatAM lakhyuM che ke capaTI vagADavAM ke palaka mAravAnI avidhane 'mAtrA' kahe che. bhaTTa akalaMka nAmaka jaina paMDite potAnA kannaDa vyAkaraNagraMthamAM 'mAtrA'nI e ja vyAkhyA karI che ane pramANamAM eka prAcIna saMskRta zloka paNa uddhRta karyo che. te zlokanA racayitAnuM nAma jJAta nathI. jainAcAryo potAnA lakSaNagraMthamAM mUla tathA AdhAra rUpe mAtra potAnA pUrvavartI jainAcAryonI ja uktio uddhRta karaze, ema kahevuM yuktisaMgata nathI. temanA graMthomAM jainetara AcAryonAM graMthonAM keTalAya uddharaNo paNa sahaja-prApya che. ulaTuM, vAgbhaTa vagere prAcIna AcAryoe 'mAtrA' para paryApta kArya karyuM che. AthI tolakAppiyare mAtrAnI je vyAkhyA karI te sarvasaMmata anusaMdhAnanuM ja pariNAma che. AthI A AdhAre temanA dharmano nirNaya ka2vo yuktisaMgata nahi gaNAya. peraeNkaLa' (bahusaMkhyAo) 'tolakAppiyare potAnA graMthanA 'eluttadhikAram' (akSarAdhikAra)mAM bahusaMkhyAvAcaka 'tAmarai' (kamala), 'vaLaLam' (bharatI), 'Ambal' (kumuda) vagere saMjJAonuM vivecana karyuM che. saMskRtamAM paNa te mujaba bahusaMkhyAnA vAcaka zabdo che, chatAM paNa 'kumuda' zabda mAtra AcArya umAsvAtiracita 'svopajJabhASyam'mAM prayukta thayo che. umAsvAti jaina AcArya hatA, eTalA mATe tolakAppiyare paNa jaina hovAne kAraNe umAsvAtinuM anukaraNa karI 'kumuda' zabda apanAvyo' - ema keTalAka vidvAnono abhimata che. paraMtu, dhyAna ApavAnI vAta e che ke tolakAppiyare na to koI saMskRta vyAkaraNanuM samarthana karyuM che, na jaina gaNitazAstrano paNa pracAra karyo che. temaNe mAtra potAnA samayamAM pracalita bhASApaddhati ane tenI vyAvahArika rItinuM ja vivecana karyuM che. uparyukta bahusaMkhyAvAcaka zabdo temanA samayathI ja loka-vyavahAramAM pracalita thaI cUkyA hatA. ema mAnI zakAya ke jainAcAryoe tAmilamAM lakhavAnuM te samaye zarU karI dIdhuM ane temanA ja dvArA te zabdo janasAdhAraNanA vyavahAramAM AvI gayA haze. patti' (eka kAvya-vizeSa) tAmila kAvya-vizeSa 'patti'nI carcA tolakAppiyare karI che. keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke tolakAppiyare prAkRta bhASAmAM racita jaina-chaMda zAstranA AdhAre ja ukta paNattinuM vivecana karyuM che. paraMtu ema kahevuM vadhAre yogya thaze ke 9 113

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114 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa tolakAppiyarUnA kALamAM jainAcAryoe tAmilamAM ja chaMdazAstraviSayaka graMthonI racanA karI, jemano pracAra vidvabhaMDalImAM thayo. AthI e kAraNe tolakAppiyamsane jaina mAnI na zakAya. temaNe mAtra pracalita rItino ullekha potAnI racanAmAM karyo. jainazAstrajJo athavA vyAkhyAkAroe "paNattinI vyAkhyA karatI vakhate koI paNa mUla jaina-graMtha AdhAra rUpe uddhata nathI karyo. A sivAya, tolakAppiyare "paNattine prahelikA-kathAnuM aMga batAvI, jaina chaMdazAstra anusAra mAtra chaMda-graMtha nathI kahyo. tolakAppiyaranA viSayamAM vyAkhyAkAra teyuvaccitaiyAre potAnI TIkAmAM kahyuM - " nUvuM zaithuna vaidiva munivam (A graMtha tolakAppiyamUnA racayitA vaidika muni hatA)." tolakAppiyare AkAzane paMcamahAbhUtomAMnuM eka mAnyuM. temanuM ja sUtra che - "nilantI nIrvaLi vizumpoDaindum kalanda mayakam ulakamAdalin" - maramiyaluM-89 arthAt pRthvI, agni, jaLa, vAyu, AkAza A pAMca bhUtono samUha ja jagata che. "tolakAppiyamsa paMca bhUtonI mAnyatAvALA vaidika matanA ja anuyAyI hatA. jainAcArya joke AkAzanAM astitvano svIkAra kare che, chatAM paNa teo tene paMcabhUto aMtargata nathI mAnatA. AthI temane jaina mAnavAnuM paryApta pramANa nathI. A che bIjA pakSano tarka. ullekha-nirdezanI vAto laIne koI racayitAnA abhimata ke dharmano nirNaya karavo ucita nathI. tolakAppiyare eka sthAne durgAnI stuti karI che, to bIjI jagyAe viSNunI vaMdanA karI che ane veda-vaidika, UMca-nIca vagerenI paNa carcA karI che. A badhA tathyothI e jaNAI Ave che ke temanA samayamAM ja vaidika tathA jaina baMne dharmono prabhAva lokajIvana para hato. jainAcArya nAr kavirAja nambI vageree tAmilanA AcAra-vicAra para lakhavAmAM AvelA potAnA pustakomAM niSpakSa bhAve baMne dharmonA prabhAvanuM varNana karyuM che. 1. juo "kAla ulagam....'nAmakasUtranI TIkA (tolakAppiyamu).

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 115 AthI tolakAppiyane koI viziSTa dharma ke saMpradAyanA sAbita karavAno prayAsa vyartha ja pratIta thAya che. teo zuddha vidyopAsaka hatA ane temanI dRSTimAM mAtra tAmila bhASA hatI, tAmilanuM sAhitya tathA AcAra-vicAra hatA. AthI teo taTastha bhAve jyAM paNa upAdeya viSaya maLato, tene apanAvatA hatA. A ja kAraNa che ke temaNe potAnA lakSaNagraMtha tolakAppiyamunA AraMbhe maMgalAcaraNa nathI karyuM. AthI badhA dharmavALA temane potAnA dharmanA anuyAyI sAbita karavA mAge che. tAmila vyAkaraNano vikAsa kahevuM joIe ke vaidika, jaina tathA bauddha paMDitAnA tulanAtmaka bhASAjJAnanA prabhAve tAmila vyAkaraNano paryApta vikAsa thayo che. te badhAnI apAra vidvattA tathA saMskRta vagere aMnya samRddha bhASAonuM mArmika jJAna - A badhuM tAmila vyAkaraNanA vikAsa mATe khUba sahAyaka sAbita thayuM. temanI e vizeSatA hatI ke temaNe bIjI bhASAnA vyAkaraNanA niyamone tAmilamAM baLapUrvaka ghusADyA nahi, paraMtu, tAmilanI potAnI viziSTa rIti-nIti tathA vyAkaraNa paddhatinuM prAmANikatApUrvaka pAlana karyuM. ane temanI Adarza sevA kahI zakAya. tolakAppiyaranA samayamAM nATakIya saMvAda jevA phuTakaLa padyo adhika pramANamAM pracalita hatAM. temanuM saMkalana karI, "akam' (Atmagata) tathA "puram' (bahirgata)nI zreNImAM temane vibhAjita karavAmAM AvyA. A tattva-ciMtananA AdhAre thanArI padya racanAnA vikAsanuM paricAyaka che. je badhA mATe sAdhAraNa jIvanatattva, saMvedana (prema vagere), utkarSa (sadAcAramUlaka) vagere vAtone abhivyakta karatuM hoya, tene "aka' (Atmagata padya) kahe che. je koI nirdiSTa caritanAyakanI anubhUti ke tenA AcaraNanuM varNana karatuM hoya, tene "puramu (bahirgata ke vyaktigata padya) kahe che. A vibhAjana vaidika tathA jaina dharmanA prasAranI dena mAluma paDe che. lakSya (sAhitya) graMthonA upayukta lakSaNagraMtha prastuta karavAnuM zreya te ja lokone che. temano anubhava tathA mahattvapUrNa sahayoga tAmilanA vikAsa mATe paNa mukhya sAdhana tathA bhAtuM sAbita thayo. padyaracanA sAhitya-sAmAnya mATe tolakAppiyammAM "ceTuLa' (padya) zabda Ave che ane

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa lakSaNa, rIti tathA vyAkaraNa graMthone 'nUl' (sUtra) zabdathI nirdiSTa karyA che. jemake nAnuM darpaNa parvatane paNa paDachAyA dvArA batAve che, tevI ja rIte nAnuM sUtra moTI agharI vAto paNa vyakta karI Ape che. padya-gadyanuM vibhAjana tathA pracalana te samaye hatuM. padyonI vaccovacca gadya prayukta karavAmAM AvyuM, jema caMpU-kAvyamAM hoya che. saMpUrNa gadyagraMtha paNa te samaye maLatA hatA. te gadya-graMthomAM adhikAMza paMcataMtra-jevA naitika itivRtta, pazu-pakSIonA mukhe vyakta karAvavAmAM AvelA nIti-upadeza tathA upahAsa-vyaMgya, upamA-dRSTAnta vagere alaMkAra dvArA varNita koyaDA-ukhANAM, jana-jIvananI jhAMkhI karAvatI lokoktio, rUDhiprayogo ane maMtravAkya te ja hatA. te uparAMta nAnA-nAnA vAkyovALA graMtha, chaMdonA udAharaNavALA padya, gadyapadyAtmaka prAcIna kathAo, zrRMkhalAbaddha lAMbI pagharacanA jemAM UMcA Adarza batAvavAmAM Ave che, udbodhaka, nIti kathAo je grAmINa tathA dezI bhASAomAM mizrita rUpe racavAmAM AvI che, sarasa lokagIta ane gIti-nATaka A badhA prakAra paNa tolakAppiyarnA samayamAM pracalita hatA. temAM jainadharmanI chApa spaSTa pratIta thAya che. 116 - -- tolakAppiyam ane jaina prabhAva joke tolakAppiyane jainAcArya sAbita karavAnuM koI upayukta ke nakkara pramANa upalabdha nathI to paNa temanA graMtha 'tolakAppiyam'thI e mAlUma paDe che ke tAmila bhASA tathA sAhityanA vikAsamAM jainadharmanuM yogadAna mahattvapUrNa rahyuM che. jainadharmane tAmilanADumAM janamaMgalapoSaka banavAnuM gaurava eTalA mATe prApta thaI zakyuM ke tatkAlIna jaina sAdhuo tathA AcAryoe khUba tatparatA tathA niHsvArtha bhAvathI pavitra lokasevA karI. temanA zuddhAcaraNa ane prakAMDa pAMDitye paNa janasAdhAraNane AkRSTa karyA hatA. AcArya siddhasena divAkara ane vRddhavAdI muninA jIvanacaratrothI uparyukta kathananI satyatA prakaTa che ane jainAcAryonA dharmapracAranI te paNa vizeSatA rahI ke teo rAjA-TUMkano bheda mAnatA na hatA. temanuM kAryakSetra jeTaluM vizALa hatuM, teTalo ja pavitra tathA preraNAdAyaka hato temano udAra bhAva. mukhyatve teo te ja pradezanI vyAvahArika bhASA para adhikAra prApta karI, tenA dvArA ja potAnA dharmano pracAra karatA hatA. e ja kAraNe, anya dharmanI apekSAe jainadharma khUba ja jaladI atizaya vegathI tAmilanADumAM pAmarathI paMDita sudhI phelAI gayo. tolakAppiyamno racanA-kALa kayo hato, teno nirNaya karavo muzkela che. temAM

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza batAvavAmAM AvelA keTalAya niyama saMghakAlIna sAhityamAM ja lupta thaI gayA. udAharaNa tarIke, upamAnirdezaka pratyaya, rItiprakaraNanI viziSTa vidhio, 'ca'kAra vAkyAraMbhamAM na AvavAnI vidhi, 'cel' (jAo), 'vA' (Avo)nA viziSTa prayogo A badhA arvAcIna saMghakALamAM, je trIjA saMghanA nAmathI prasiddha hato (I.sa. pUrve bIjI sadIthI I.sa.nI cothI sadI sudhI), vyavahAralupta thaI gayA. AthI temanA paNa pUrvavartI sAhityanA AdhAre ja tolakAppiyare vidhi-niyamonuM nirdhAraNa karyuM haze. AthI temane I.sa.pUrve bIjI sadInI pahelAMnA mAnavA ucita gaNAze. - tolakAppiyam graMthane 'aindiram tolakAppiyam' (aindra vyAkaraNanA prabhAvathI pUrNa tolakAppiyam graMtha) kahevAmAM Avyo che. AnAthI pratIta thAya che ke aindra vyAkaraNanA samayamAM tolakAppiyara rahyA haze. pANini pachI aindra vyAkaraNanuM pracalana na rahyuM. A tarapha keTalAka vaidika vidvAno pANinino mArgadarzaka graMtha aindra vyAkaraNa ja mAne che. Ano ullekha prasiddha zaivasaMta appare A mujaba karyo che 'kRtti nivArpha (Indra vyAkaraNane suMdara rIte tolakAppiyare prastuta karyuM.).' 117 - jaina vidvAnono mata che ke 'aindra' zabda jainAcArya devAnaMdInA, jemanuM aparanAma pUjyapAda hatuM, 'jainendra vyAkaraNa'no paricAyaka che ane tolakAppiyare A ja jainendra vyAkaraNanA AdhAre potAnA graMthanI racanA karI che. evuM mAnavAthI tolakAppiyarano kAla-nirNaya karavAmAM bAdhA UbhI thaI jAya che. AthI 'aindra' zabdathI pANinInuM pUrvavartI aindra vyAkaraNa mAnavuM ja samucita pratIta thAya che. ema paNa zakya che ke pahelAM vidvAno dvArA upekSita aindra vyAkaraNane jainAcAryo dvArA samAdara maLavAthI tathA AcArya pUjyapAdanA navA vyAkaraNane kAraNe vidvajjanAnumodana prApta thayuM hoya. cAra prakAranA zabda keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke yAske zabdanA je cAra vibhAga nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga ane nipAta rUpamAM karyA tene ja tolakAppiyare 'peyar', 'vinai', 'IDai co' ane 'unheM co'nA nAme aMgIkAra karyA. IDai colano artha sambandha sUcaka (conjunction) ane ura colno artha vizeSaNa (attributive) che. AthI temane yAska anusAra upasarga ane nipAta batAvavA ucita nahi gaNAya.

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118 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa A ja rIte ema paNa kahevAmAM Ave che ke "pANininA sUtra "TUDitam pam'no anuvAda tolakAppiyare peyar (saMjJA) ane vinai (kriyA) rUpe karyo che." saMjJA ane kriyAnuM vibhAjana badhI bhASAomAM sAmAnya vAta che. AthI pANini ane pataMjalinA maMtavyono nirdeza tolakAppiyamamAM ahIM-tahIM hovAthI ja, A graMthanI maulikatA para saMdeha kyAreya karI zakAya nahIM. ilakaNam "ilakkaNam' zabda tAmilamAM vyAkaraNanA arthamAM prayukta thAya che. A zabda "lakSaNa"no apabhraMza jaNAya che. vararuci ane pataMjali baMnee potAnA graMthomAM lakSaNa zabdano prayoga vyAkaraNanA arthamAM karyo che. eTalA mATe temanA samayanI pahelAMthI ja "lakSaNa" zabdanuM pracalana rahyuM haze. tolakAppiyamunA sUtromAM vararucinA pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNonA matanuM anukaraNa jovA maLe che; AthI te graMthane vararucinA samayanI pahelAMno mAnavo ucita thaze. tolakAppiyamanA "mavai rupAtA...'vALA sUtramAM batrIsa (32) vyabhicArI bhAvono ullekha che. bharata muninA nATyazAstramAM tetrIsa (33) vyabhicArI bhAva nirdiSTa che. kAvyaprakAzamAM paNa 33 ja vyabhicArI bhAva kahevAmAM AvyA che. A ja rIte, "meyuppADu" (rasa)nA ATha bheda tolakAppiyamamAM batAvavAmAM AvyA che, jayAre saMskRta graMthomAM nava rasonuM vidhAna thayuM che. avasthA ke dazA viSayamAM paNa thoDo matabheda jovA maLe che. A badhA tathyothI, ema anumAna karavuM ucita thaze ke AcArya bharatanI pahelAMthI ja A matabheda cAlI Avato hato, je tatkAlIna keTalAka vidvAnomAM svakRta paNa hato. A krame, tolakAppiyane je aMza gamyo, tene apanAvI lIdho. bharatamunie sAta samRddha bhASAomAM ekanuM nAma "dAkSiNAtyA" batAvyuM che. te cokkasa tAmila bhASA ja hovI joIe. kemake, tAmilamAM nATyadharma, lokadharma, rasa, chaMda, rAga tathA abhinaya vagere vize prAcIna kALathI ja svataMtra saMzodhana thatuM AvyuM hatuM. A badhI vAtone najaramAM rAkhIne ja AcArya bharate tAmilano ullekha karyo haze. prAcIna kALamAM anusaMdhAnapUrvaka sAhityamAM je niSkarSa ke tathya sAme AvyA temAMthI aneka tolakAppiyamumAM maLe che, jyAre temano ullekha anyatra anupalabdha che. udAharaNa tarIke "ila%Nam' (lakSaNa) zabda vyAkaraNanA arthamAM pahelAM prayukta thayo hato, paraMtu kALAMtare tenuM alaMkAramAM arthAtara thaI gayuM. tenuM mULa svarUpa

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 119 , tolakAppiyamAM hajI paNa surakSita che. A ja rIte "cepyu" (padya) zabdanuM pracalana prAcIna kALamAM hatuM. "ceThuLa"no vyutpattiparaka artha che, je karavAmAM Ave che, te. Ano ja samAnArthaka "kriyA' zabda prAcIna graMtha "lalitavistaramAM, padya arthamAM prayukta thayo che. dhvani vize keTalAya prAcIna niSkarSa tathA saMzodhano tolakAppiyamunA Irecci", "ughurai" nAmaka adhyAyomAM maLe che. saMskRtanA prAcIna graMthonA cokkasa kAlanirNayanA abhAve jemano mULa srota saMskRta graMtha che, tevA tolakAppiyamamAM ullikhita tathyo vize niSkarSa kADhavo kaThina che. keTalIka prAmANika zodhothI, loko e nirNaya para pahoMcyA che ke je aMtima saMghakAlIna mAnavAmAM Ave che tevA, I.sa.bIjI sadInA kAvyagraMtho karatAM, tolakAppiyam pUrvavartI graMtha che. aMtima saMghanI pahelAM bhayaMkara samudraplAyana thayuM. Ano kALa siMhalanA "mahAvaMza'mAM I.sa.pUrve 145 kahevAmAM Avyo che. te samaye pAMDiya dezanI kumari nadI samudraplAvanathI naSTa thaI gaI. pAMDiyanareza nilattara tiruvirU pAMDiyananA zAsanakALamAM kumari nadInI carcA maLe che. te rAjAe ja tolakAppiyamunuM prakAzana karAvyuM hatuM. arthAt samudraplAvananI pahelAM ja tolakAppiyamranI racanA thaI gaI hatI, AnAthI ema niSkarSa nIkaLe che ke aMtima saMgha kALanI pahelAM ja A graMthano pracAra thaI gayo hato. saMghakAlIna graMtha tolakAppiyam prAcInatama lakSaNa graMtha che. AthI tenAthI pahelAM paNa paryApta lakSaNa graMtho haze. te ja saMghakAlIna graMtho che. "ektArke' (ATha laghu graMthono saMgraha), "patu pATTa' (dasa gAthAo) vagere saMgraho saMghakAlIna graMtho che. te phaTakaLa racanAo tathA kavitAonA saMgraha che. saMghakAlIna vidvAnoe vidvatasaMgha sthApita karI tAmilanI zrIvRddhi karI. bhASA tathA sAhityanA keTalAya pAsAo para zodha-kArya temaNe karyuM. - sAhityika ullekho tathA anuzrutiothI jaNAya che ke tAmila vidvAnonA traNa saMgha hatA. pahelo saMgha dakSiNa maduramAM hato, je hiMdamahAsAgaranA garbhamAM vilIna thaI cUkyo. bIjo saMgha kapATapuramamAM hato. A nagaranuM varNana vAlmIki rAmAyaNanA suMdara kAMDamAM maLe che. A nagara paNa samudraplAvanathI vinaSTa thaI gayuM. trIjo saMgha vartamAna madure nagaramAM che. prathama ane dvitIya saMghono samaya saMskRtapurANakALa

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120 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kahI zakAya. evI anuzruti che ke dvitIya saMghakAlIna pAMDyanareza nilattara tiruvinuM pAMDiyanI sabhAmAM, paMDitavara atakoTTAzanunI adhyakSatAmAM tolakAppiyamranuM prathama prakAzana thayuM. ema paNa kahevAmAM Ave che ke tolakAppiyara agatyanA ziSya hatA. agasyanI adhyakSatAmAM ja dvitIya saMgha sthApita thayo ane teone tAmilanA prathama vyAkaraNAcArya mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu temanuM eka paNa padya upalabdha nathI. Aje jeTalA saMghakAlIna graMtha maLe che, temAMthI adhikAMza graMtha aMtima saMghanA che. anya keTalAka graMtha pUrvavartI saMghanA kahevAmAM Ave che, paraMtu te vize maukya nathI. saMgha graMtho para jaina prabhAva saMgha sAhityanA paghomAM jaina dharmano prabhAva spaSTa lakSita thAya che. "yAhun kare vAvanuM 0i." vALA padyamAM samadarzitA, sArvajanIna sevAvRtti ane vasudhaiva kuTumbakamanI bhAvanA sAthe karma phaLanI anivAryatAnuM paNa varNana che. joke A vacana anya dharmomAM paNa maLe che, to paNa tenuM viziSTa vivecana jainadharmamAM ja thayuM che. A uparAMta, saMghakAlIna kaviomAM keTalAMka nAma evAM maLe che, jemanA jaina hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. temAMthI be kaviono paryApta paricaya upalabdha che. uloccanAra muni-dIkSA grahaNa karatI vakhate, kezalaMcana karavAnI je viziSTa kriyA karavAmAM Ave che, tene tAmilamAM "ulogsa' kahe che. kezalocanA anuSThAnanuM varNana karavA athavA kezaloca karavAne kAraNe saMghanA eka kavinuM nAma "uloccenAra' paDyuM. temanA nAma para tetrIsa padya upalabdha thAya che, je temanA ja racelAM pratIta thAya che. A padyomAM jaina dharma saMmata sAMsArika jIvananI kaSTa bahulatAnI jema antarjIvananI duHkhapradhAna sthitinuM varNana che. nigaTanAs bIjA saMghakAlIna kavinuM nAma che, nigaMTanuM karlakkoTsat taNDanAra. temanuM eka padya "naTribai" nAmaka saMghakAlIna graMthamAM upalabdha che. temAM aneka nittama (samudra 1. A saMghakAlIna padyanA racayitA hatA kaNiyanu paeNkajhAra ane A paMktino artha che-Akho deza amArI janmabhUmi che ane badhA dezavAsIo amArA bAMdhava che.

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jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 121 taTavartI pradeza)nI kaSTabahula sthitinuM varNana che. temanA paravartI vyAkhyAkAroe lakhyuM che ke "kalekkoTsat taDu' nAmaka graMtha ukta jaina kavinI racanA che, keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke te graMtha nighaMTu (zabdakoza) rahyo haze. temanA jainatvane sUcita karavA mATe ja, temanA nAmanI pahelAM "nigaSTanuM" (nigaSThaPage #150
tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kAvyavRttAMtanA samakAlIna hatA. aitihAsika zodhakhoLathI jaNAya che ke siMhalanareza kayavAhuno samaya I.bIjI sadI hato. anya pramANothI paNa ukta mahAkAvyano racanAkALa I.bIjI sadI siddha che. saMgha kAlanI vikasita tathA pariSkRta kAvyadhArAnuM ekamAtra pratIta che 'zilappadhikAram', AthI tenI pUrvenA saMghasAhityano kALanirNaya karatI vakhate ApaNe I.bIjI sadIthI paNa AgaLa vadhavuM paDaze. dramila saMgha 122 'bauddha saMgha', 'zramaNa saMgha' vagere zabda tattad matAvalaMbI bhikSuo ke sAdhuonA daLa mATe prayukta thatAM rahyA che. saMbhavatayA, 'mit saMgham' ukta nAmonA anusaraNathI vyavahAramAM vaparAtuM thayuM haze. paraMtu, 'mit saMgham'ne sAMpradAyika saMgaThana-saMgha samajavo bhrama haze. eka drAviDa saMghanA hovAnI vAta kannaDanA zilAlekhomAM ullikhita che. tyAM ullekha 'min saMgham' rUpe thayo che. jainagraMtha 'darzanasAra'mAM draviDa saMghano ullekha maLe che. tenA racayitA devasene svayaM lakhyuM che ke ukta saMghanI sthApanA I.470mAM AcArya vajanaMdIe karI hatI. A draviDa saMgha tAmila sAhityanA ItihAsanA suprasiddha saMghatrayamAM nathI Avato. eka ja saMghamAM ekatrita thayelA jaina sAdhuono mUla saMgha cAra gaNomAM vibhakta thaI gayo. temanAM nAma hatAM - naMdIgaNa, senagaNa, siMhagaNa ane devagaNa. A gaNa-saMghonA vidvAnoe potAnA nAmanA aMte svagaNanuM nAma paNa joDI dIdhuM. naMdIsaMghathI dramiLasaMghanA alaga thavAnI vAta paravartI zilAlekhothI mAlUma paDe che. dramiLasaMghano eka vibhAga ja 'akalAnvayam' hato. 'anvaya' zabda ahIM kakSA ke vibhAganA arthamAM prayukta thayo che. A 'akalam' vibhAganA vidvAnoe 'akala-cappu' vagere graMthonI racanA karI, jemanI sAthe potAnA saMgha vibhAganA nAmane paNa joDI dIdhuM. akalAnvayane naMdIgaNanA vibhAga rUpe kannaDa-zilAlekhomAM nirdiSTa karavAmAM AvatAM, A vAta spaSTa pratIta thAya che ke te samaye badhA jainasaMghomAM 'akalam' (uttara AbhUSaNa) vagere keTalAya tAmila zabda vaparAtA thayA hatA. deva ane naMdI zabdone keTalAya jainAcAryoe potAnA nAmonA aMte joDI dIdhA. 1. Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol. V, Hassan Jq. 131; Epigraphia Carna, Vol. IV, Gurdlupet Jq. 27.

Page #151
jaina dharma ane tAmila deza AvA aneka jainono nirdeza 'tevA2m' vagere zaiva saMta sAhitya ane zilAlekhomAM che. A jainasaMgha tAmilanI zrIvRddhimAM sadA tatpara rahyo che, AthI tene paNa 'miz saMgham'nA nAme gauravAnvita karavo ucita ja thaze. tirukkurab zaiva saMta sAhitya tevAranA samaya (I.sAtamI sadI) sudhI jainadharma tAmilanADumAM potAnAM mULa jamAvI cUkyo hato. tenI sAthe ja tAmila sAhityamAM paNa keTalAya navIna prayoga thavA lAgyA. 'akavat pA' nAmaka chaMda vizeSa ja adhikAMza saMghakAlIna racanAo mATe vaparAto hato. tenuM svaramAdhurya upadezane ja mukhya mAnanAra jaina racanAkAro mATe anapekSita hovAthI, temaNe potAnA uddezya mATe upayukta 'vel pA' nAmaka chaMdamAM ja kAvyaracanA zarU karI. joke saMghapadyomAM A chaMda ahIM-tahIM prayukta thayo che, to paNa tenuM adhika pracalana saMghakAlanA avasAnamAM ke 'tevAram' vagere bhakti sAhityanA kALamAM ja thayuM hatuM. tirukkuraLa ane saMghagraMtha A parivartananuM mArgarzana tirukkuraLe ja karyuM hatuM. tirukkuranA raciyatA svanAmadhanya maharSi tiruvalluvaranA keTalAya Azaya saMghagraMthomAM paNa upalabdha che. udAharaNasvarUpa, 'naeNvi jaoNDroLuM thvi phlena....' A saMgha padya ('puranAru'no paghAMza); tirukurano A kuraN aMza 'uville caeNyunandri koNlR makkaryu (kRtaghnonI unnati sarvathA asaMbhavita che) saraLa vyAkhyA jevA jaNAya che. A ja rIte kapilar naeN.yAr vagere saMghakAlIna kavionA padyomAM paNa tirukkurannA bhAva maLe che. - 123 -- tiruvaLvamATe A graMtha tiruikkuranI prazaMsAmAM racavAmAM AvelA padyono saMgraha che. A paghonA raciyatA saMghakAlIna kavi hovAnuM batAvavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu te bhramamUlaka tathA sAMbhaLI saMbhaLAvelI vAta che. bAramI sadInA jainAcArya neminAtharnA 'neminAthap' nAmaka tAmila vyAkaraNa graMthanI samakAlIna vyAkhyAmAM ukta 'tiruvaovamAlai'nuM eka padya udbhuta che. A ja rIte 'klADam' nAmaka bhaktigraMthamAM paNa te 'mAlai'nuM eka padya uSkRta che. saMghakAlamAM hindu paurANika kathAonA

Page #152
tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa samAvezanA samaye I.sAtamI sadImAM 'tiruvaovamAlai'nI racanA thaI haze. paurANika kathAonA samAvezanuM pramANa I.sAtamI sadInA zaivasaMta tirunAvukka2zarnA pagho ane prAcIna pAMDya rAjAonA zilAlekho tathA aMtima saMghakAlIna graMtha 'iraiyanAr akAruN' (bhAvapakSano lakSaNa graMtha)mAM spaSTa maLe che. 124 saMghakAlIna graMtha manAtAM 'eNTTunAoNkai' ane 'pattupATTu' (padyasaMgraha)nI zailIne tirukkuraN ane zilappadikAranI zailIthI bhinna sAbita karavA mATe keTalAka vidvAno zabdonA prayogabhedane pramANasvarUpe prastuta kare che. 'kalittaoNkai' ane 'paripADav'mAM paNa, je saMghasAhityamAM gaNavAmAM Ave che, te zailI bheda maLI Ave che. A baMne graMtha 'garvamArga' ke 'eNnduraimArgam' nAmaka gItapraNAlInA che. 'zilappadikAram'mAM A baMne zailIo sAthe 'veN turai mArgam' nAmaka nATakIya zailI paNa apanAvavAmAM AvI che. AthI paMDito vaDe nirdhArita zailIo sAthe samayAnukUla navIna zailI apanAvavI te unmukta ciMtaka kavio mATe sahaja ja che. tiruvaLuvare potAnA lokahitakArI mahAn graMtha mATe sArvajanIna tathA saraLa zailI apanAvI. ethI A navIna zailImAM bolacAlanI saraLa bhASA jevo pravAha che. tirukkaramAM eka so paccIsa saMskRta zabda maLe che. tatkAlIna jana bhASAmAM bhaLI gayelA zabdone ja spaSTa abhivyaMjanA mATe tiruvaovare apanAvyA hatA. I.pU. bIjI-trIjI sadInA guphA-zilAlekhomAM paNa keTalAya saMskRta zabdo maLe che. tema chatAM te 125 zabdomAM badhAne saMskRta mAnavA mATe keTalAya vidvAno taiyAra nathI, to paNa badhAne saMskRta mAnavA chatAM paNa e ja niSkarSa nIkaLe che ke be TakA saMskRta zabdo paNa tirukkuralamAM nathI. taoNrka (samAsa) keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke tirukkaranA prathama padyano 'Adibhagavan' zabda taoNkai caoNT (samastapada) che, navI zailIno paricAyaka che, je saMghakAlIna sAhityamAM nathI maLatI. paraMtu ema vAta nathI. cittiramADam (suMdara bhavana ke citrovALuM bhavana) zabda, 'cittiramADat tuMciya nanmAran' nAmaka pAThyanareza sAthe saMghakAlIna padyamAM prayukta thayo che. A ja rIte 'gUDhAkAram' samastapada rUpe saMgha-sAhityamAM Avyo che. tAmila zabda sAthe saMskRta zabdanA sammilita rUpane hirasamAsa kahe

Page #153
jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 125 che. A prayoga prAcIna sAhityakAro dvArA vyavahAramAM lAvavAmAM Avyo. keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke te harisamAsa telugu ane kannaDa bhASAomAM upekSita thavA chatAM paNa, tirukkaramAM maLI Ave che. tenA mATe je pada udAharaNamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, te "orUvandam" pada, saMskRtamizrita nathI, AkhuM tAmila pada ja che. AthI "dazanAnaka' (dasa cAra-cAlIsa ke cauda) vagere harisamAsanA namUnA saMghakAlIna kavi nakkIranA "naiDunavADa' nAmaka graMthamAM maLI Ave che. AthI A samAsaprayoga prAcInakALathI ja vyavahAramAM che. tirukkaramAM je-je prAcIna pratyaya, kriyArUpa ane mAtrApUraka maLI Ave che, te badhA saMghakAlIna padyomAM paNa che ane jemane keTalAka vidvAno arvAcIna mAne che, te paNa saMgha-sAhityamAM maLe che. AthI AvA apUrNa pramANa dvArA tirukurane arvAcIna sAbita karavAnI je koziza keTalAka loko kare che, temAM keTalo sAra che, te teo ja jANe ! eka kathA cAlI AvI rahI che ke tiruvalluvar rAjA elolasiMganA AcArya hatA ane temanA ja anugrahathI rAjAnA vahANo saMkaTamAMthI bacI gayA. A ghaTanAnuM smaraNa, Aje paNa nAviko tathA gADIvAno "elelo elarA !'nI dhUna dvArA kare che. tene AdhAra mAnIne keTalAka vidvAnoe ema sAbita karavAno prayAsa karyo che ke elola siMganuM I.pU.14pamAM siMhalamAM zAsana karanAra tAmilanareza siMgana ja hatA; AthI tiruvalluvano samaya I.pU.bIjI sadI mAnavo ucita thaze. pro. cakravartI naminAre tiruvalluvara vize Avo mata vyakta karyo che - elAcArya nAmaka jaina paMDite "tirakraLanI racanA karI che, temanuM ja asala nAma kuMdakuMdAcArya hatuM. teo I.pU. prathama sadImAM madrAsanI najIka "vaMdavAzi" nAmaka sthAna pAse eka parvata para tapasyA karI rahyA hatA. temanA caraNacihno tyAM hajI paNa che jemanI pUjA zraddhALu jaino roja kare che. temanA ja zrAvaka ziSya hatA tiruvalluvara. tiruvalluvare potAnA AcAryano graMtha "tirukurabU' saMgha (viddhankaMDalI)mAM laI jaI svIkArArtha prathamatayA tyAM vAMcI saMbhaLAvyo. A vRttAnta jaina paraMparAmAM prAcIna kALathI ja mAnyatA-prApta che. paraMtu A anuzrutino koI prAmANika AdhAra nathI maLato. 1. A nAmatAmilamAM 'kundana kundanAcAriyara ane kuNDana koDanAcAriyarU rUpe paNa vaparAya che.

Page #154
126 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa tiruvaLvara ane jainadharma tiruvalbuvarane lAMbA samayathI jaina lekhaka sAbita karavAno prayAsa cAlyo Ave che. temanA nAmomAM eka 'deva' che, je jaina vAcI mAnavAmAM Ave che ane 'nAyanAra'nuM je upAdhi-pada tiruvaLvarane pachIthI prApta thayuM, te paNa mAtra jaina paraMparAmAM, vizeSapaNe dakSiNamAM, supracalita nAma che. paraMtu tirumALiyai devar, tirunIlakaMTha nAyanAra vagere zaivasaMtonAM nAma paNa pUrvokta-pado sAthe maLe che. te upAdhipado madhya kALamAM anya dharmAvalaMbIo sAthe paNa prayukta thavA lAgyA. 'nIlakezI' nAmaka tAmila jaina graMthanA vyAkhyAtA zamaNa (zramaNa) divAkara munivare tirukSurane 'emadu ottu' (amAro graMtha) batAvyo che. paraMtu ahIM e na bhUlavuM joIe ke tirukkurane badhA loko 'paoNdu marai' (sAmAnya veda) kahetA-mAnatA AvyA che. AcArya tiruvaLuvare potAnA graMthamAM jana-jIvana badhA pAsAomAM samunnata tathA susaMpanna banAvanAra upAdeya vAto sUtra-zailImAM nibaddha karI che. temanI janamaMgalaprerita virATa bhAvanAnI e vizeSatA che ke temanA vetulya amara graMtha tirukSuramAM badhA dharmAvalaMbIonA sarvajanahitakArI upadeza sthAna pAmyA che. saMbhavataH A ja kAraNe, te graMthane pratyeka matAvalaMbI potAno kahevAmAM gauravano anubhava kare che. te vAta to nizcita che ke jaina tathA bauddha dharmoe sarvabhUta dayA tathA ahiMsAno je vicAra Apyo, tenA AdhAre, sadAcArathI vicalita na thatAM sAdhAraNa manuSya paNa gArhasthya saMnyAsa, sAmudAyika jIvana, rAjya-zAsana tathA premamArga - koInA paNa dvArA mukti prApta karI zake che; A siddhAMtane kAvyamaya rIte ja nahi, uttama zAstrIya rItithI paNa abhivyakta karanAra sarvadarzanasammAnya pUjya graMtha tirupphuratne choDIne bIjo koI hoI zake nahi. A graMtha 'ara' (dharma), 'paoNruz' (artha) ane 'isbam' (kAma) A traNa adhyAyomAM vibhakta - che. - - tirupphuratne jaina graMtha sAbita karavA mATe ApavAmAM AvatAM pramANomAM A paNa eka che - 'jema, taoNlakAppiyamnA prAraMbhanI IzvaravaMdanAmAM prayukta vinaiyin nIMgi vinaMgiya avin' (karmabaMdhathI mukta tathA ujjavala jJAnavAna) maMgalAcaraNa arhat bhagavAnano nirdeza kare che, te ja rIte tirukkaranA chaThThA 'kura' (padya)mAM varNita 'pArivAyil aindravijJAn' (paMcaIndriya-sukho 52 vijaya meLavanAra

Page #155
jaina dharma ane tAmila deza 127 bhagavAna) vAkya paNa jinadevano ja nirdeza kare che. e to mAnavAmAM AvelI vAta che ke tiraspharaLamAM jyAM-jyAM bhagavAnano ullekha ke varNana AvyuM che, te hiMdu tathA jaina baMne dharmo para lAgu paDe che. AthI ema svIkAravuM yogya gaNAze ke tiruvalluvare IzvaranA sAmAnya svarUpane ja vyakta karyuM che, jenI mAnyatA samasta saMpradAya dharAvanArAomAM che. tirukuLano upadeza "aram (dharma) badhA dharmo ane matonA sArabhUta tattvonuM samanvayasthaLa tirukurabdha che. svaccha prema ja jIvanatattva che, zuddha prema ane zraddhAmayI gRhiNI tathA saMtAna ja jIvanAdhAra che tathA Atithya-satkArano mahimA, priya tathA hitamitavacana, kRtajJatAnI anivAryatA, saMyamanI mahattA, sadAcaraNanI vizuddhatA, nirAmaya bhojananI vizeSatA, tapasyAno mahimA, satya, asteya, ahiMsA tathA zAMtipriyatAnI upAdeyatA ItyAdi keTalAya lokamaMgalakArI sadupadeza tirukkaraLanA prathama vibhAgamAM che. potAnA-pArakAnI bhedabuddhithI mukta tapasvInI sthitinuM sAruM varNana che. janmamaraNanuM tattvavivecana, mokSajJAna, anAsakti ane karmaphaLanA anugamananuM varNana A badhuM prathama "aram" adhyAyamAM suMdara rIte varNita che. badhA dharmonA netrabhUta prema, dayA ane tattvajJAnanuM samarthana pradhAnapaNe karavAmAM AvyuM che. tiruvalluvare "paoNreya mai" (sahiSNutA)no je Adarza sthApita karyo, te sAceja apUrva tathA ucca koTino che. A prakaraNanuM paheluM padya che - "akaLvArait tAMgum nilambolat tammai ikaLvApa poruttal talai / " arthAt, jema dharatI potAnA para pAvaDA mAranArane paNa UbhA rahevAnI jagyA Ape che, te ja rIte manuSya potAnA aparAdhInA duSkarma sahIne tene apanAvavo joIe. te ja sAcI sahiSNutA che, je uttama dharma mAnavAmAM Ave che. AgaLa jatAM, sahiSNutAnI je parAkASThA temaNe batAvI, te che, parakRta aparAdhone sahI levA to sAdhAraNa dharma che, paraMtu temanAM svalpa smaraNa suddhAMne potAnA manamAM ghara na karavA devuM; arthAt, te ja kSaNe tene udAratA sAthe ekadama

Page #156
tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 128 bhUlI javA te ja sarvottama dharma che. A rIte, pratyeka dharmanA varNanamAM tiruvaovare potAno Adarza pratiSThita karyo che. 'paoNrukh' (artha) tirupphuranA bIjA 'paoNruL pAL' (arthavibhAga)mAM rAjanIti tathA sAmudAyika jIvana vize keTalIya upAdeya vAto varNita che. joke temAM kathita viSaya rAjanIti sAthe adhika saMbaMdhita che, tathApi sAdhAraNa janajIvana mATe paNa te upayogI tathA AcaraNIya che. Ama rAjataMtranA samayamAM batAvavAmAM AvelI vAto, have gaNataMtranA svataMtra janajIvana mATe paNa lAgu paDe che. tiruvaLvare A adhyAyamAM potAno spaSTa nirNaya Apyo che ke zAsanasattAnI sthiratA tathA nirdoSa paricAlana mATe vidvAno, sArA vicArako tathA yogya rAjanItijJothI bharelI maMtraNAsabhA (saMsada), ane vidyA tathA tadanurUpa anuSThAnavALA manISI - A traNe sAdhana anivArya che. tiruvaLuvara rAjanaitika dAvapeco tathA kucakrothI sArI rIte paricita hatA, paraMtu saphaLatA ke vijayane ekamAtra uddezya mAnIne sAdhana ke AcaraNanI bhraSTatAno svIkAra temaNe kyAreya nathI karyo. teo sAdhyanI jema sAdhanane paNa pavitra tathA Adarzonmukha rAkhavAnA pakSapAtI hatA. 'binaitUkSma' (kAryanI pavitratA) nAmaka alaga adhikAram (prakaraNa) temaNe tirukkaramAM lakhyuM. rAjanIti ane sAmudAyika jIvana mATe udAra citta ane sadAcaraNane ja temaNe AdhAra mAnyo. eTalA mATe, A adhyAyanA aMte, janmanI garimA, sArI saMskRti, snehaguNa, adharmabhIrutA, samadarzitA, satyabhASitA ane AtmasammAnane prANavat mAnanAra bhadra manuSyonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. Inbam'(kAma) tirukkaranA tRtIya adhyAya 'ingam'mAM Adarza dAMpatya jIvananuM, saMdhakAlIna sAhityathI anumodita rIti-nItinA AdhAre vizada varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. teno sArAMza A che - eka strIno eka ja pati hoI zake che tathA pati paNa ekapatnIvrata nibhAvaze. evuM strI-puruSa-yugala potAne Adarza banAvaze tathA anupama kahevAze. zarIrathI bhinna hovA chatAM paNa baMne pati-patnI AcAra-vicAra tathA atUTa sneha-saujanyathI abhinna ekaprANa samAna raheze. teo paraMparAgata sadAcArathI kyAreya vicalita nahi thAya. temanuM jIvana nisvArtha bhAvanAthI otaprota haze, parahita tathA paropakAramAM teo potAnI saphaLatA mAnaze.

Page #157
jaina dharma ane tAmila deza kAmazAstrane A prakAranI gaMbhIra tathA pavitra rIte bhAgye ja koI AcArye prastuta karyuM che. saMbhavataH, prAcIna tAmila sAhityanI viziSTa zAkhA 'ahappo' (jIvanano aMtarmukhI pakSa)thI piricata hovAne kAraNe, tiruvaLvara kAmazAstra viSayaka apUrva adhyAya prastuta karavAmAM saphaLa thayA. temAM temaNe e parivartana athavA kaho ke krAMtikArI parizodhana karyuM ke saMghakAlamAM pracalita tathA AcAra rUpe svIkRta gaNikAsaMgamanI paraMparAno potAnA adhyAyamAM saMketa suddhAM nathI karyo. yogya yuvaka-yuvatInA svaccha premanA vikasita rUpa tathA temanA pavitra dAMpatyamAM nikharatAM zobhana pariNAmane ja tiruvaLvare potAnA adhyAyano AdhAra banAvyo. udAtta bhAvanAothI pUrNa temanA 'inlam' (kAma) adhyAyanI A ja vizeSatA che, je anyatra durlabha che. ja 129

Page #158
dharmagraMtha * padinekILu kaNaku jaina sAhityanI dhArA jaina sAhityanI dhArA traNa zAkhAomAM vaheMcAI gaI. tolakAppiyamunI jema vyAkaraNane saraLa-subodha rUpe prastuta karavAmAM AvyuM. AmAM zabdonI niyukti tathA vargIkaraNa karanAra nighaMTugraMtho paNa sAmela che. bIjI dhArAmAM, kAvyagraMtho Ave che. trIjI dhArAmAM te graMtho che jemAM jaina dharmanI vizeSatAone prabhAvanAnI rIte prastuta karavAmAM AvI che. dharma siddhAMtone sarvasAdhAraNa mATe suMdara tathA rocaka rUpe sAhityika vidhAmAM prastuta karavA saraLa vAta nathI. AcArya tiruvalluvare A duHsAdhya kAryane susAdhya banAvI dIdhuM. temanI te abhUtapUrva saphaLatA ja anya AcAryo tathA sAhityanirmAtAo mATe pathapradarzaka banI. A rIte, jainAcAryoe vyAkaraNa, lakSaNa tathA nighaMTu graMtho, kAvyagraMtho ane dharmagraMtho - A traNa prakAro dvArA tAmila-vANIne susaMpanna banAvI. upara tirakkaraLano thoDo paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. A paraMparAmAM tenI sAthe saMbaMdhita anya graMthono paricaya Apavo ucita thaze, jemanuM nAma che "padineNu kabU kaNaku' (aDhAra dhArmika athavA naitika graMthono saMgraha). A aDhAra racanAonAM nAma A mujaba che - graMthanuM nAma racayitA 1. nAlaDiyAra aneka jainamunionA phuTakaLa padyono saMgraha 2. nAnuM maNi kaDike viLambi nAganA 3. iniyarve nArpadu pUtam cenjanAruM 4. InnA nArpada kapilar 5. kArnArpadu madure kaNanuM kUttanAra 6. kaLavaLi nArpadu pokaiyA kArpada 1. Ano artha che-aDhAra dhArmika ke naitika graMthono saMgraha.

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dharmagraMtha 131 graMthanuM nAma racayitA 7. aiti padu mAranuM paoNraiyanAruM 8. aitiNe elapadu mUvAdiyar 9. tirNa maoNli eNpadu karNanuM cenjanAruM 10.nirNa mAlai nyUTrapadu kaNi medhAviyA 11.tirukuralsa tiruvalluvara 12.tirakaDakam nallAtanArU 13.AcArapha kovai peruvAyin mulliyAr 14.5lamaoNli nAgUra mujhure arayanA 15.cira paMca mUlam mAkAyan mANAkkanAr makkAri AzAnuM 16.mudu mauli kAMci madure kUDalurU, kilArU 17.elAdi kaNi medhAviyA 18. kaeNrlira ajJAta A aDhAra graMtha prAyaH "mUdu" (lokokti athavA kahevata-saMbaMdhI-Gnomic Verses) gItonA saMgraha che. jIvananA vividha pAsAone satyanA AdhAre citrita karanArI kahevato ane lokoktio samasta bhASAomAM surakSita che. tolakAppiyare paNa Ano ullekha potAnA graMthamAM karyo che. temane mAtra kahevato ane lokoktio na mAnatAM, vidvAnonuM sAhityika bhASAmAM praNIta saraLa janapadIya sAhitya mAnavuM joIe. temAM tatkAlIna janajIvananuM pratibiMba paDavA chatAM paNa praNetA tathA saMkalanakartA vidvAnonA bahubhASAjJAnano prabhAva paNa spaSTa joI zakAya che. temanuM mukhya dhyeya e ja rahyuM ke A sUktio koI eka pradezavAsIonI na rahetAM, sarvadezIya thAya. A graMthonA nAmakaraNamAM racayitAoe potAnA viSayavastunI jhalaka paNa ApI dIdhI che. "iniyavai nAkhaMdu' (madhura hita cAlIsI) ane "innA nArpada (ahita cAlIsI)thI graMthano udezya prakaTa thAya che. vibhinna tattvonA saMkalano mATe nAnuM maNikkaDike (cAra maNionI maMjUSA), "ciru paMca mUlam (pAMca mULa tattva) 1. temaNe 10mA graMtha "tirNa mAle tUTempadu'nI racanA karI che. 2. keTalAkavidvAno AnA sthAne "IhaiinAmaka graMtha hovAnuM mAne che, jenA racayitA paoNyakaiyA che.

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13ra tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa vagere nAma ApavAmAM AvyA che. sAdhAraNa tattvone AlaMkArika zailImAM batAvavAnI paraMparA A graMthonA samayamAM khUba cAlI nIkaLI hovAnuM jaNAya che. dharmopadezaparaka graMtha ukta aDhAra graMthomAM dharmopadezaparaka graMtho paNa che. paraMtu baMne rItio (sUkti tathA dharmatattva)no samanvaya A graMthomAM e rIte thayo che ke temanuM alaga-alaga vibhAjana karavuM muzkela che. temAMnAM adhikAMza padya dharmopadeza zailInA che. upamA, dRSTAnna vagere alaMkAro dvArA abhivyakta karavAthI, te bahu prabhAvakArI banyA che. jaina vidvAnonI viziSTa zailI anusAra adhikAMza graMtha "ADUu munilai" (puruSasaMbodhaka) ane "makaDUu muzilai" (strIsaMbodhaka) rUpe racita hovAthI, temane vAMcatI vakhate evuM pratIta thAya che ke te padyo ApaNA ja hitArthe, ane ApaNane ja saMbodhita karI lakhavAmAM AvyA che. ' . jaina dharmanA viziSTa graMtho A aDhAra graMthomAM adhikAMza jainAcAryo dvArA racita che. temanuM nItiparaka tathA dharma-upadeza pradhAna sAhitya tAmila vAddayanuM abhinna tathA mahattvapUrNa aMga banI gayuM che. arvAcIna nIti graMtha rUpe hiMdu tapasvinI tathA kavayitrI auvaiyAranA prasiddha padya namaeNri, nItinUla, nItineri vilakkam vagere racanAo para aDhAra graMthono prabhAva spaSTa joI zakAya che. (a) arkala cepTa te nIti nirdeza sAthe-sAthe jainadharmanI vizeSatA abhivyakta karanAra graMtha che. A graMtha ukta aDhAra graMthothI arvAcIna mAnavAmAM Ave che. A graMtha "kurabU pA" chaMdamAM lakhavAmAM Avyo che. te akalAnvayam' nAmaka jainasaMghanA paMDito dvArA racita che. (A) araoNri sAram Ano artha che dharmAcaraNono sAra. munaippADiyAra nAmaka jainAcArye "vaiNuM pA' chaMdamAM A graMthanI racanA karI che. AnuM sAratattva che, "dhanalisA ane bhogalisA prasta A saMsAramAM dharmAcaraNa para zraddhA rAkhanAra sAdhu puruSa ja karmabaMdhanathI mukti 1. "kuraLu pA saMskRtanA anuSTa chaMdanI jema nAno tathA AkarSakachaMda che.

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dharmagraMtha 133 meLavI zake che. dharmajijJAsuonAM lakSaNa ane kartavya viSayamAM lekhake graMthAraMbhe vistRta vivecana karyuM che. tadanaMtara batAvyuM che ke zraddhALu ziSyo tathA dharmajijJAsuo nimitte ja "dharmAcaraNasAra' graMthanuM praNayana karyuM che. potAnA dharmAnuyAyIo tathA zraddhALuo mATe graMtha racavAno prAraMbha saMbhavataH temanA ja samayamAM thayo che. potAnA mata-siddhAMtanI sthApanA ane prabhAvanA mATe anya mato ke dharmonuM khaMDana vagere paNa A graMthamAM che. AmAM zivane ahaMtu batAvavAmAM AvyA che. ekAMtavAdanuM khaMDana anya jainAcAryonI jema A graMthakartAe paNa karyuM che. A "arabaeNrisAram' graMtha saMghakAlIna padyo, "patine kAbU kaNa' graMtho tathA anya kAvyagraMthonA saMkalanomAM sthAna meLavI cUkyo che. AthI teno racanAkALa te ja mAnI zakAya che nemInAtharU ane bhavagaMdI (bhavaNanandI)no che arthAt I.caudamI sadI. bIjo graMtha "arekala ceppa' lagabhaga sAtaso varSa pUrve racavAmAM Avyo, evuM mAnI zakAya che. A aDhAra laghu graMthonA prabhAvathI je pravRtti tAmila sAhityamAM vadhavA lAgI, tenuM kiMcit digdarzana ahIM karAvavAmAM AvyuM che. zilappadhikAram, maNimekhale vagere mahAkAvyonuM avataraNa A ja pravRttinI niSpatti che. tAmila veda (tirukra)nI mahattA batAvatI vakhate, tenA sahasaMkalano para paNa prakAza nAkhavo ucita thaze. patineMkaLu kaNakunAM lakSaNo amaeN ukta graMtha-saMgrahanuM pAribhASika nAma che "amma'. teno ullekha tolakAppiyare potAnA lakSaNa graMthamAM karyo che. "amma graMthomAM zabdalAghava, arthagAMbhIrya tathA mAdhuryanI pradhAnatA hoya che; dharma, artha ane kAma A traNe puruSArthonuM vivecana tathA uddhodhaka vyAkhyA ja varya viSaya hoya che. "maMDUkapnatinI zailIne kAraNe viSaya varNananI vizRMkhalatA hovA chatAM paNa, udezyapUrtimAM zithilatA nathI AvatI. temanAM padya nAnAM, paraMtu prabhAvazALI ane komaLa chaMdanAM hoya che. kaNajja naDuM kaNakuM', "kaNakkAvanArU', "samayapha kaNakarU vagere tAmila zabdomAM "kaNaE zabda graMthanA arthamAM prayukta thayo che. "divAkaram' nAmaka tAmila nighaMTumAM

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134 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa kaNajju'no artha akSara paNa karavAmAM Avyo che. prathA, niyama, krama - A artha paNa "kaNa' zabdanA che. AthI kramabaddha akSaro athavA bhAvothI yukta graMthone paNa "kaNakuM' kahe che. AnI aMtargata "pereDa' ane "kaiyeDu' nAmaka sAMketika zabdone, paravartI zaivasaMta tirunAvukkarazare potAnA gItomAM "variDayuM puttakam (kramabaddha lAMbI pustaka-kavitA) tathA "kaLu kaNajhu' zabdaprayoga dvArA nirdiSTa karyA che. akSaramAlikA ke akSaramAlAne paNa "naiDapha kaNajju' ke "arica yuvaDi' kahe che. paraMtu ahIM "kaNaE' zabda graMthanA arthamAM ja prayukta thayo che. tenA pramANa rUpe, kIkaNakuM' (laghugraMtha) ane "mekkaNaE' (moTo graMtha) - A baMnenuM tAmila sAhityamAM viziSTa sthAna che. je graMtha nAnA-nAnA padyomAM, zAstrIya viSaya ke kathAnI jema kramabaddha na hotAM, svataMtra tathA skuTa bhAvo ke naitika viSayonuM varNana kare che, tene "kaLu kaNakaku' kahe che. keTalIya paMktio dharAvatAM padyomAM vistRta viSayanuM je varNana kare che, tene "patri, pATTiyam" nAmaka lakSaNa graMthamAM "merkaNaku' (moTo graMtha) kahevAmAM Avyo che. A nAmonuM pracalana anumAne dasamI sadIthI thayuM haze. agiyAramI sadInA graMtha "vIra coLiyanI vyAkhyAmAM "patineNa kaNa'no nirdeza che. ane, dasamI sadInA chaMdazAstra "yAprarkala kArirjhanA vyAkhyAkAre paNa ukta graMthano nirdeza karyo aDhAra graMthono samuccaya jene tAmilamAM "patineNa kaLu kaNakka to kahe che, saMghakAla daramiyAna ja potAnI viziSTa saMjJAthI prasiddha thayo. chatAM paNa, keTalAya graMtha tolakAppiyamamAM batAvelAM "akhai" nAmaka lakSaNa aMtargata te samuccayamAM Ave che. temanI prAcInatA ane lokapriyatAne kAraNe ja, IfpUraNA, guNasAgara vagere lakSaNagraMtha-vyAkhyAtAoe potAnA samakAlIna "tevAram' vagere zaiva sAhityanA padyonuM uddharaNa na ApatAM A samuccayanA laghu graMthonA padyonAM ja uddharaNa potAnI vyAkhyAomAM ApyA che. "InnA nArpadu (ahita cAlIsI) nAmaka graMthamAM ziva, balarAma, kRSNa ane kArtikeya - A devatAonI ArAdhanAnuM varNana hovAthI te saMghakAlIna ke tenI AsapAsano mAnI zakAya. A ja rIte brahmA, viSNu ane rudra - A tridevanI pUjAnuM varNana "iniya nArpadu' (hita madhuracAlIsI) graMthamAM che. A graMtha saMghakAlano paravartI hoI zake che.

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dharmagraMtha 135 zaivasaMta sAhitya "taiyAranA samayamAM (I.trIjI sadIthI sAtamI sudhI) Ata" zabda aNapaDha, mUrkha ane AMdhaLAnA arthamAM vyavahata thato hato. paraMtu ukta samuccayanA eka graMtha "tirukaDukamanA rayacitAnuM nAma "nallAtanA" (uttama AtanuM) che. AthI e spaSTa che ke "taiyAram'nA samayanI pahelAM ja ukta graMthanuM praNayana tathA prasAra thaI gayo hato. "AtanuM" zabdanA bIjA prAcIna artha che - ahaMta bhagavAna, temano bhakta, prANa ane guru. AthI A arthomAMthI koI eka upayukta arthanA AdhAre ja, te "nallAtanArU' (uttama guru ke prANa athavA uttama ahaMta-bhakta) nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM haze. eTalA mATe te "nallAtanArUnA tirikaDukam' graMthane paNa trIjI sadInI pahelAMno mAnavo ucita thaze. te nAmathI ja pratIta thAya che ke nallAtanArU' eka jainAcArya hatA. te uparAMta chaMda, varNanazailI, bhASAnuM gaThana vagerethI ApaNe e niSkarSa para pahoMcIe chIe ke "mudu moLi kAMci', "kaLavaLi nArpadu ane "tirakrura" A traNe graMthone choDIne anya badhA graMtho saMghakAlanA paravartI ja hovA joIe. AmAM adhikAMza graMtha jemanA racayitA jainAcArya hatA, saMghakAlIna mAnavAmAM Ave che. tenI puSTi eka prAcIna padya vaDe thAya che. tenuM tAtparya saMbhavataH AcArya vajanaMdI dvArA sthApita tathA saMcAlita drAviDa saMgha hoI zake che. A saMgha I.470mAM madurA (madura) nagarImAM jainAcAryonA tattvAvadhAnamAM pratiSThApita thaIne potAnA saMpradAyanI sAthe, tAmila bhASA-sAhityanI zrIvRddhimAM sakriya hato. A aDhAra laghu graMthonA adhikAMza racayitA madurA athavA pAThya dezanA nivAsI hatA. A vAtano AdhAra e che ke te te AcAryonA nAmonI sAthe sthAna vAcakazabda joDAyelA che. udAharaNArtha, madure tamilAziriyara makanArU, (tAmila AcAryanA putra) pUtacendanAra, ma. ta. makanA pUtacedanAnA ziSya kAriyAzAnuM ane kaNi medaiyAra, madure kacchaDu kUttanA, madure kUDara kinA, pArokag (pAyi dezano eka bhAga) pulaMkADanAra, mAranuM paoNrayanAru vagere. nalaDi nAgUru ane paLamaoNLi nAgUru nAlaDi nAnUra'no artha che cAra caraNavALA cAraso chaMda. Ane "nAlaDiyAra' paNa kahe che. te cAraso chaMdono uttama saMgraha che, jenA racayitA aneka jainAcArya

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136 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa hatA. tene jainasaMpradAyano smRti-graMtha kahI zakAya. A graMtha vize eka anuzruti pracalita che - "eka samaye pAMDya dezamAM bhAre dukALa paDyo. te samaye tyAM hajAro jainAcAryo rahetA hatA. dukALanI bhISaNatA jyAre asahya thaI gaI, tyAre jainAcAryoe upahArasvarUpa eka-eka padya racIne pAMDyanarezane arpaNa karI, tyAMthI prasthAna karyuM. A padyomAMthI ghaNAMbadhA padya to vinaSTa thaI gayA hatA. bAkI bacela cAraso padyono saMgraha ja, pachIthI "nAlaDi nAgUra' ke 'nAlaDiyAra' nAme prasiddha thayo." A saMgrahanI madhurimAthI mugdha thaIne prasiddha pAzcAtya vidvAn DaoN. pope te saMgrahanA keTalAya gItono aMgrejI anuvAda karyo hato. A graMtha tirakAraLanI jema viSayavibhAjananA AdhAre adhikAro (adhyAyo)mAM vargIkRta nathI. temAM keTalAya addabhuta tattvonuM mArmika varNana che. AvA saraLa, subodha tathA acUka prabhAvapUrNa suMdara nItipadya anyatra bhAgye ja maLe. keTalAya padyomAM saMskRtanA nItizlokonuM bhAvAvataraNa avazya thayuM che, chatAMpaNa temAM tamila vANInI sahaja madhurimA tathA viziSTa abhivyaMjanA cokkasa bharelI che. nAlaDiyAra' saMgrahamAM jainadharmanA jIvanasaMbaMdhI tathA janamaMgalakArI adhikAMza mUla tattvo che, je khUba mArmika zailImAM lakhelAM che. padmanAr nAmaka jainAcArye A cAraso padyonuM saMkalana karyuM ane te padyone adhikAro (adhyAyo)mAM vibhakta karyA. temaNe ja A saMgrahanI suMdara tathA vizada vyAkhyA paNa tAmilamAM karI. kAla-nirNaya "nAlaDiyAra' saMgrahamAM "muttareya' nAmaka sAmaMta rAjAono ullekha maLe che. muttaraiya' traNe rAjAo (pAThya, cola ane pallava)nA sAmaMtonuM nAma hovAnuM jaNAya che. "taraiyara' ja sAmaMta ke nAnA rAjAnuM upAdhinAma hatuM. pallava taraiyara pADya taraiyara vagere nAmo ItihAsamAM maLe che. A sAmaMtoe sAtamI sadImAM pallava mahArAjAonI sahAyatA karI khUba khyAti prApta karI. te pAMDya dezanA taMjAvUrane potAnI rAjadhAnI banAvI zAsana karatA hatA. nAlaDiyAra'nA saMkalanakartA AcArya padumanAre potAnA samakAlIna perumuttareyara nAmaka sAmaMtano ullekha karyo che. keTalAka ItihAsavettAonuM kahevuM che ke sAtamI

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dharmagraMtha 137 sadInA perupiDuka puttaraiyaranuM ja nAma perumuttaraiyara hovuM joIe. sAtamI sadInA madhyavartIkAlamAM pallavanareza paramezvara pallavanI upAdhi 'perupiku' hatI. AthI sAbita thAya che ke sAmaMta perumuttaraiyara paramezvara pallavano samarthaka rAjA hato ane 'nAlaDiyAra' graMthanuM saMkalana sAtamI sadImAM ja thayuM hatuM. joke A graMthanuM saMkalana sAtamI sadImAM thayuM hatuM, chatAMpaNa racanAkALa tenI pahelAMno hato. tenA keTalAya padya 'ADUu munnilai' (puruSa saMbodhaka) ane 'makau munnia' (strI saMbodhaka)nI prAcIna paddhatimAM racavAmAM AvyA che. 'kAnakanADan' (kAnanadezIya), 'malainADan' (parvata pradezIya), 'kaDakarai ceppan' (samudrataTa dezIya) vagere narezonAM nAma A padyomAM upalabdha che, paraMtu e jJAta nathI ke A rAjAo kyA kALa ane rAjyanA hatA. bhASA ane zailInI dRSTie 'nADiyAra'nAM pagha 'tirukkara'nI pachI racAyelAM pratIta thAya che. paSphiLa nAnU 'paziLa nAnUru' (cAraso dhArmika lokoktiono padyAtmaka graMtha) paNa jainadharmanuM pratinidhitva karanArI kRti che. tenA raciyatA hatA jainAcArya muntrai araiyanAra. muntrai pArlR dezanA eka sthAnanuM nAma che. te sthAnanA nivAsI hovAne kAraNe temaNe potAnA nAmanI sAthe 'muntrai' joDI dIdhuM haze. A 'paNmaoNLi nAnUru' graMthanuM maMgalAcaraNa arhat bhagavAnanI stuti rUpe che. AmAM keTalAya suvikhyAta saMghakAlIna mahArAjAonI prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. AthI A graMtha nizcita rUpe saMghakAla pachI ja racita che. A graMthanI vizeSatA e che ke tamilanADumAM pracalita lokoktione aMtima caraNa rUpe rAkhIne, paurANika kathAo tathA dhArmika tattvo dvArA lokoktinI nidhinI mahattA spaSTa karavAmAM AvI che. vasudhaiva kuTuMbakam, sarvajanahitAya, sarvajanasukhAya - vagere udAtta bhAvanAo AcArya muntrai araiyanAranA pratyeka padyamAM jhalake che. A graMthanI zailIthI prakaTa thAya che ke A racanA 'nADiyAra' saMgrahanAM padyothI paNa pUrvavartI che. 'nAlaDiyAra'nA paghonI apekSAe A graMthanI zailI sazakta tathA gaMbhIra pratIta thAya che.

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138 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa ciru paMca mUlam ane elAdi (samuccaya aMtargata be racanAo) 'cirupaMcamUlam' so paghono eka laghu graMtha che. tenA raciyatA che mAkkAyan mANAkkanAr 'mAkkAri AzAn'. temaNe graMthAraMbhe, arhat bhagavAnanI stutimAM lakhyuM che - muLuduNandu muzALittu mUvAdA' (saMpUrNa jJAnavALA tathA Adi-aMta rahita bhagavAna). tAmilanI svanAmadhanya kavayitrI ovaiyAranA nItipadyone 'cirupaMcamUlam'thI preraNA maLI. A graMthamAM guru, ziSya, siddha puruSa ane kavi vize lAkSaNika tathA prazaMsAtmaka padyo che. 'Atam' ane 'bhUtam' A baMne zabda mUrkhavAcaka arthamAM temanA samayamAM prayukta karavAmAM AvyA hatA, jenuM pramANa A laghu graMthanA paghomAM ja maLe che. AthI 'tirikaThuka'nA racayitA 'nallAtanA' ('AtanuM bIjuM rUpa ja 'AtanA)nI pachI ja, arthAt trIjI ke tenI paravartI sadImAM ja, A 'ciru paMca mUlam'nI racanA thaI haze. 'nallAtanAr' zabda uttama guru ke arhat bhaktanA ziSTa arthamAM pahelAM vyavahRta thato hato. pachInA zaivAcAryoe artha vaiparItyano pracAra vyaMgyaprayoga dvArA karyo haze, jemake 'buddha' zabdanuM 'buddhu' (mUrkha) rUpa pracalita thayuM. A graMthamAM jIva hiMsAne ghora pApa rUpe prabhAvapUrNa rIte darzAvavAmAM AvI che ane sAthe ja, jIva-rakSAnI mahattA paNa sArI rIte darzAvI che. A graMthakartAno mata che ke je dharmAcaraNamAM avicalita rahI cUkyA che, te ja rAjA rUpe avatarita thAya che. 'ciru paMca mUla'no bhaMjaka tathA vyavahAra-pracalita artha che, pAMca kaMdothI banela auSadha (lehya). A rIte, A graMthamAM pAMca uttama dharmatattvo vyakta karanAra jainadharmanuM tathyapUrNa varNana che. elAdi A paNa jainadharmaviSayaka laghu graMtha che. tenA raciyatA 'kaNimedhAviyAra' che. temane 'kaNimekhaiyAra' paNa kahe che. te pUrvokta 'ciru paMca mUlam'nA racayitA mAkkAri AzAnA sahapAThI hatA. 'elAdi'no artha che 'IlAyacI vagere', tAtparya e che ke IlAyacI vagere cha vastu bhegI karI banAvavAmAM Avela auSadha ane A 1. Ano artha che, AcArya mAkkAmanA ziSya.

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dharmagraMtha 139 ja rIte A graMtha paNa janajIvanane pavitra tathA svastha banAvanAra cha uttama dharmonuM varNana kare che. cha uttama dharmono sammilita nirdeza hovAthI A paNa "elAdi auSadhi samAna tana-manane svastha tathA pavitra banAve che. kaNimedhayAre pUrvasaMcita puNyanI avazyabhAvitA para bhAra Apyo che. A graMthamAM temaNe muktinI mahattA ane tene prApta karavAnA upAyonuM suMdara varNana karyuM che. vidyA ane zikSaNanI mahattAne temaNe adhika upAdeya samajI. "vidaTdhane sarvadhanAt pradhAnama', "vidyAbhUSaNameva bhUSaNam vagere bhAva temanA padyomAM adhika maLe che. A ja kaNimedhiyAre nAyaka-nAyikA bhAva ane svastha gAuthya jIvana para tirNamAle naTrempadu' nAmanA doDhaso padyovALA bIjA graMthanI racanA karI che. A ja prakAranA graMthomAM kAra nArpa, aitirNa padu, aitirNa evupa, tirNa moLi eNpadu ane maitrile ullekhanIya che, je jainetara kavio dvArA racita hovA chatAM paNa samuccayanA aDhAra laghu graMtho aMtargata gaNAya che. temanA dvArA tatkAlIna svastha pArivArika jIvananI khabara paDe che ane temAM saMskRtanA tatsama tathA tadbhava zabdo ya adhika maLe che. jainetara hovA chatAM paNa jainatattva-prabhAvita graMtho innA nApaidu (ahita cAlIsI), "iniya nArpa" (hita cAlIsI), "tiri kaDakam', "nAn maNi ghaTike", "AcAra kovai', "mRdu maoNLi kAMti vagere graMtho je ukta samuccaya aMtargata che, te jainetara kavio dvArA viracita hovA chatAM paNa, pradhAnapaNe jaina dharma tattvonuM samarthana kare che. "Unait tivra UnaipU pairuttaluM man innA' mAMsabhakSaNa karI mAMsane (potAnA zarIrane) vadhAravuM pApa ke ahita che. "InnA nArpaduno A ja upadeza "iniya nArpadu' graMthamAM paNa che. temAM kahyuM che, "Unait tivra Urna perukkAmai mun inide' mAMsa khAIne mAMsa (zarIra)ne na vadhAravuM ja sAruM ke hitakArI che. A ja rIte "tirukaDukammAM paNa A upadezanuM bIjuM rUpa ApavAmAM AvyuM che ke "je roja mAMsabhakSaNa karato, bIjA jIva sAthe sneha karavAno daMbha kare che, tenA te DhoMgI snehathI zuM lAbha?" "nAnuM maNi ghaTikai'mAM jIvahatyA, AmiSabhojana vagerenuM prabhAvapUrNa rIte khaMDana che. A badhA dhArmika tattvono upadeza saMghakAlIna graMtha "paskrinappAlemAM paNa gauNa rUpe che, je "patinaiNu kaLu kaNakunA samayamAM

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa pradhAna varjya viSaya hatA. AnAthI te spaSTa pratIta thAya che ke jIvanopayogI dhArmika tattva potAnA vipakSI ke virodhI saMpradAya dvArA pracArita hovA chatAM paNa zaiva, vaiSNava vagere kavioe teno samAdara karyo ane yathAsaMbhava temane janamanamAM utAravAno prayAsa karyo. 140 patinaeNN kILu kaNakku'nI anya vizeSatAo A graMtho dvArA tatkAlIna sAmAjika sthitinI khabara paDe che. 'ciru paMca mUla'nA eka padyano Azaya e che ke cAmaDAnA nakalI vAcharaDAMne pAse UbhuM rAkhI dUdha dohe che, evA nikRSTa dUdhane, jenI pavitra peya padArthomAM mukhya gaNanA che, ziSTa loko aDavuM paNa pApa samaje che. bhrUNahatyA, garbhapAta, zizuma2Na, akALamRtyu vagere te samayanI sahaja ghaTanAo hatI. 'Iniya nArpadu'mAM 'zizuone svastha rAkhavA parama hita che'no upadeza che. 'ciru paMca mUlam'mAM bhrUNahatyA, garbhapAta vagerene ghora pApa kahIne, kumArI kanyAonI rakSA ane dekharekha khUba sAvadhAnIthI karavAnI AvazyakatA para bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. 'atyuTa mukhyapAlai: rUdeva tamastute' puNya ke pApanI ati thaI jAya tyAre, tenuM phaLa A ja janmamAM maLI jAya che - A tattvanuM samarthana A graMthomAM adhikatara thayuM che. dAnane parama dharma mAnavAnI je paraMparA jUnA samayathI cAlI AvI che, temAM paristhiti mujaba keTalAka sudhArA paNa A graMthakartAoe karyA che ane tene paNa dharmanuM AvaraNa paherAvI janatA samakSa rajU karyA che. potAnuM badhuM ja nyochAvara karIne paNa potAnI dAnazIlatAnuM paripAlana karanAra parivaLa, kumaNan, pekan, karNa, harizcandra vagere mahAdAnIonI guNagAthA gAnArI sAhitya-paraMparAmAM eka nUtana prakSipta rItino samAveza karI dIdho jainAcAryoe. - 'innA nArpadu' (ahita cAlIsI)nI eka paMkti juo, 'trA paoNruAira vaE purivu' (potAnI pAse paryApta dhana na rAkhanAra mATe dAnI banavuM ahitakara che) A matanuM pRSThapoSaNa 'iniya nArpadu' (hitacAlIsI)mAM A mujaba thayuM che, 'vavArintu va Mt nive" (Avaka anusAra ja dAnapuNya karavuM hitakara che). A viSayamAM 'tissikam'no upadeza juo, 'vavAyu jAN va Mzi vALU vat' (Avakano eka caturthAMza bhAga dAnamAM vaheMcavo saphaLa jIvanayApana karanAranuM kartavya che).

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dharmagraMtha A sivAya udhAra na levuM te paNa dharmAcaraNa mAnavAmAM AvyuM. 'DamunDu vAma A'tinive" (RNI na banIne jIvavuM ja hitakara che) - 'iniya nArpadu'. saMskRta prabhAva 'patinAth kIn kaNakku' saMgrahanA graMthomAM saMskRtanA smRti tathA nItigraMthono prabhAva paNa paryApta rUpe jovA maLe che. A saMgrahanA eka graMtha 'AcAra kovai'nA raciyatA pavaDiyal muLi vize eka padyAMza batAve che ke jUnA graMtho tathA AcAryo dvArA prApta karelA sadAcArone saMgRhIta karI subodha bhASAmAM ukta vidvAne A graMtha lakhyo. pracalita jana-prathAonuM varNana paNa AmAM che. udAharaNArtha, bhojana zarU karatAM pahelAM hatheLI para pANI laIne 'pariSecana' (thALI ke patarALInI pharatI maMDalAkAra jalarekhA banAvavI) karavuM vagere dainaMdina AcAra-prathAo varNita che. saMskRtanA AcAragraMthomAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke vagara pariSacana kare khAvAthI, bhojana apavitra ja nathI thatuM, balke bhUta-pizAcAdi tenA poSaka tattvo laI jAya che. paraMtu tAmilanA 'AcArakovai'mAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM che, "snAna karyA vinA, paga dhoyA vinA ane pariSecana karyA vinA khAvAthI paNa eTaluM pApa nathI, jeTaluM mAtra kogaLA suddhAM na karIne khAvAthI lAge che" tenAthI ukta graMthakartAno Azaya e jaNAya che ke mAtra kogaLAM karI bhojana karavuM paNa mAnya AcAra ja haze. AthI keTalAka smRti tathA AcAra graMthonI pahelAM ja AnI racanA thaI gaI haze, evuM lAge che. dAyabhAganA je niyamo smRtigraMthomAM varNita che, tene jainAcAryoe potAnA AvA laghugraMtho dvArA anukaraNIya batAvyA che. A niyamo dakSiNa mATe kadAca jainAcAryo dvArA ja saMskRtamAM lAvavAmAM Avela jaNAya che. jainAcArya kavi medhAviyAre potAnA graMtha 'elAdi'mAM dAyabhAga vize je niyama batAvyo che, tenuM padya A che 1. aurasa (putra), 4. gaDhaputra, 'mANDavar mANDa arivinAl makkaLaip pUNDavar poTri purakkuMgAla - pUNDa aurasane' kottiracan kAnInan kUTan * kiritan paunarpavan per 2. gotraja, 5. krItaputra, 141 3. kAnIna, 6. punarbhavika.

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142 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa mattam mayilanna zAyalAya maniya zIr dattan' cakoTan kirittiraman - puttiriputran pavittanoDu' pojyilupakRtan ittiratta eMdhinAr per pitAnA dehAvasAna pachI temanI saMpattinA A bAra putro kramazaH uttarAdhikArI thaI zake che ane temAMthI dattaka putrane choDI anya pratyeka putra potAnAthI pUrvanirdiSTa putra na hovAnI sthitimAM ja paitRka saMpattino bhAgIdAra thaI zake che. A aDhAra laghugraMthonI ullekhanIya vizeSatAo che - zabdalAghava, saMgata upamA, rocaka tathA prabhAvapUrNa dRSTAMtarUpa upakathAo, sarasa, saraLa bhASA ane abhivyaMjanA. tAmilanI lokapriya tathA svanAmadhanyA kavayitrI auvaiyAra tathA anya AcAryo dvArA racita tathA sarvAdhika samAdata nabaeNri, nItinerivilakkamu, navuM vaLi; vAkDAm, nItinUla, arabaeNrisAram vagere nItigraMthono preraNAstrota "patineNa. kALu kaNakuM saMgraha ja che. jainAcAryoe bauddha bhikSuonI jema sAdhAraNa janatAnI sevA vidyAbhyAsa, snehapUrNa sahayoga tathA hArdika sahAnubhUti dvArA karI ane te yuganA adhikAMza jainAcAryo labdhapratiSTha vaidya paNa hatA. AthI sevA-suzruSA sAthe sArI auSadhio dvArA janatAnI cikitsA karI lokapriyatA tathA zraddhA prApta karavAno suyoga jainone prApta hato. A ja kAraNe temaNe vaidya rUpe janatA pAsethI prApta zraddhA-AsthAnI kRtajJatAsvarUpa potAnA graMthonA nAmomAM paNa "tirikaTukama' (traNa auSadha-vastuothI banelI davA cUrNa), elAdi (IlAyacI vagere cha vastuothI taiyAra kareluM lehya auSadha), "ciru paMca mUlam' (pAMca kaMdothI banAvela lehya auSadha) vagereno prayoga karyo che. dhArmika ane naitika laghu kathAo jAnavarone mukhya pAtra banAvIne, temanA AcaraNa athavA AkhyAna dvArA dhArmika ane naitika tattvonuM rocaka DhaMge pratipAdana karavAnI paripATI purAtana kALathI cAlI AvI che. upaniSado ane ItihAsa-purANomAM paNa AvI bodhaka kathAo maLI Ave che. paMcataMtra, hitopadeza, buddhajAtaka ane IsapanI preraka 1. dattaka, 4. dohitra, 2. sagotra, 5. pautra, 3. kRtrima, . 6. upakRta putra.

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dharmagraMtha kathAo, je pazu-pakSIone pAtra banAvIne racavAmAM AvI hatI, Aje paNa sArvajanika prasiddhithI gauravAnvita che. noLiyA-brAhmaNInI kathA tAmila mahAkAvya 'zilappadhikAram'mAM paNa praveza meLavI gaI, ane tatkAlIna keTalAya graMthomAM paNa uddharaNa, dRSTAnta vagere rUpe keTalIya nItikathAo maLI Ave che. aDhAra 'kIT kaNakku' graMthomAM to mukhyatve paMcataMtra, jAtaka, jaina mahApurANa vagerenI bodhaka nItikathAo upalabdha thAya che. pahelAM ja kahevAI cUkyuM che ke AvI lokakathAo sudUra deza-videza sudhI phelAIne, tyAMnA sAhitya dvArA jana-manamAM ghara karI cUkI che. prAcInatama lakSaNa graMtha 'tolakAppiyam'mAM paNa paMcataMtranI keTalIya rocaka kathAo varNita che. tAmila mahAkAvya 'jIvaka ciMtAmaNi'nA racayitA jaina kavi tiruttakka devarnA nAmathI 'niviruttam'(zIyALanI vArtA) nAme eka nAno padya graMtha maLe che. AmAM paMcataMtranA 'mitralAbha'nI kathA suMdara paghomAM varNita che. 143 zaiva saMta sAhitya 'tevAram'mAM te vAtano ullekha che ke jainAcAryoe dhArmika ane naitika tattvo janasAdhAraNamAM prasArita karavAnA udezyathI mukhyatve bAlopayogI sAhitya rUpe, 'eli viruttam' (uMdaranI kathA), 'nari viruttam', kiLi viruttam (popaTanI kathA) vagere nAnA-nAnA pagha-graMthonI racanA karI hatI. AmAM nirdiSTa 'nari viruttam''zIyALanI vArtA'thI bhinna che. 'vRttam'no artha chaMda paNa che. te anusAra prAcIna jainAcAryo mATe 'eli viruttam' vagere graMtha 'kalitturai' nAmaka tAmila chaMdamAM racita hatA. tAmilamAM mukhyatve kalijhunaine ja, jenuM aparanAma 'kaTTaLe kalitturai' che, 'viruttam' (vRtta) kahe che. AthI te graMtho 'viruttam' chaMdamAM racavAmAM AvavAne kAraNe paNa 'eli viruttam' vagere nAme oLakhAyA. jaina kavi tiruttakka devar racita 'nari viruttam'mAM to 'viruttam' chaMda nathI. AthI teno artha 'zIyALanuM vRtta (vRttAMta)' levo saMgata thaze. 'kiLi viruttam' saMbhavatayA saMskRtanI 'zuka saptazatI' sAthe saMbaMdhita hoI zake che. jainAcAryoe keTalIya evI lokakathAono prAntIya bhASAomAMthI saMskRtamAM anuvAda karyo hato. AnI carcA eka zvetAMbara jaina vidvAne potAnA saMskRta graMthamAM karI che. ema paNa saMbhava che ke ukta 'kiLiviruttam' vagere nIti-kathAo tAmilamAMthI ja 'zuka samati' vagere rUpe saMskRtamAM AvI hoya.

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa jainAcAryoe sAdhAraNa rIte dhArmika ane naitika tattvonA pracAra mATe AvI bodhaka laghukathAonI racanA karI hatI. deza, kALa, paristhiti vagere sAthe anukULa paraMparAgata kathAomAM thoDuM-ghaNuM parivartana paNa teo karI nAkhatA hatA. AvI prAcIna ane navIna kathAo jainAcAryo dvArA ja tAmilane maLI, je padya ane gadya baMne rUpe racavAmAM AvI hatI. duHkhanI vAta che ke hajI sudhI keTalAya gadyAtmaka nIti-graMtho mudrita nathI thayA ane te tADapatro rUpe surakSita che. 144 'maNipravAla' zailI (tAmila-saMskRta mizrita zailI)nA pravartanamAM jainAcAryonuM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahyuM. A vAtano ullekha zaiva 'tevAram'mAM A mujaba maLe che ke 'jainoe zuddha madhura tAmila (caeNntamiLU)nuM prayojana na jANyuM.' matalaba e thaI zake che ke saMskRtane AvazyakatAthI adhika bheLavIne tAmilanA viziSTa tathA svataMtra svarUpane kaluSita karI nAkhavAmAM AvyuM. je paNa hoya, kalalmonA zAsana-kALamAM jyAre saMskRta, prAkRta vagere bhASAonA AdhikyathI tAmilanI durgati thaI, tyAre jainAcAryoe ja potAnI sAhityasevA tathA dharmapracAra dvArA tAmilanI rakSA karI hatI. temaNe potAnA dhArmika pracAranuM mAdhyama banAvI tAmila bhASAne; A ja kAraNe bhASA tathA dharma baMneno sAthesAthe vikAsa tathA prasAra thato gayo. jainAcAryonA vizuddha tAmilapremanuM eka jvalaMta udAharaNa che 'tirunAtha kundram' (zrInAtha giri)no zilAlekha. A zilAlekha tamilanA prAcInatama abhilekhomAMno che. AmAM utkIrNa tAmila paMktio che - "oMpavevjha cainam noTu vaMti naMti sAviti niItiai arthAt sattAvana jaina sAdhuonI paricaryA ke ArAdhanA (sevA) karanAra candranandI AcAryanI nicItikA (?)". - ....... *

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kAppiyam-1 zilappadhikAram kAppiyam' (kAvyagraMtha) ke "toDara nileMceTuLa' (eka viSaya ke carita para AdhArita padyasamUha) saMghakAlamAM pracalita na thayA. "perum paMca kAviyam ke "airam kAppiyam' (paMca mahAkAvya) ane "ciru paMca kAviyam' ke "aicira kAppiyam' (paMca laghukAvya) nAmathI pAchaLathI ja vibhAjana thayuM hatuM. paMca mahAkAvya A che - 1. zilappadhikAram, 2. maNimekhale, 3. jIvaka ciMtAmaNi, 4. kuMDala kezI ane 5. valaiyApati. zilappadhikAramenA racayitA zIrSasthAnIya mahAkAvya "zilappadhikAra'nA racayitA zrI inaMgo aDigaLu hatA. teo A kAvyanA mukhya pAtra ceranareza caMguThuvannA nAnA bhAI hatA. A mahAkAvyanI asAdhAraNa vizeSatA e che ke Ano caritanAyaka kovalanuM eka sAdhAraNa vaNika che ane caritanAyikA paNa tenI patnI karNaki vaNikaputrI hatI. pUrva prathAnusAra rAjA, mahArAja ke koI avatArI puruSane caritanAyaka na mAnatAM, eka vaNika-yuvaka ane tenI patnIne mukhya pAtra banAvavAnI zarUAta A ja kAvyathI thaI che. AnAthI khabara paDe che ke te kALamAM vaNikonI samAjamAM khUba pratiSThA hatI. kAvya kathA kovalanuM ane kaNaki baMnenA AnaMdamaya jIvanamAM, suMdara nartakI mAdhavIno praveza khaLabhaLATa macAvI mUke che. bhogalipsa kovalanuM mAdhavInA mohapAzamAM paDIne satI kaNakine bhUlI jAya che. jyAre badhI saMpatti mAdhavIne bheTa caDI gaI tyAre kovalanune svayaM potAnI dIna sthiti para glAni thAya che. have mAdhavInA mIThAM upahAsabharyA maheNAM tenA khinna manamAM khUMcavA lAgyA. te preyasIthI risAIne hamezA mATe tene choDI, potAnI patnI kaNaki pAse cAlyo jAya che. karNakinuM eka bahumUlya jhAMjhara vecIne tenAthI pharI vyavasAya karavAno nizcaya kare che. baMne

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146 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa potAnA janmasthAna, pUSpahAra nagarI choDI pADya rAjadhAnI madure tarapha cAlI nIkaLyA. mArgamAM jaina sAdhvI kavRtti aDigaLunA darzana thayAM. te sabhya tathA guNI daMpati pratye jainasAdhvIno sneha saheje ja UbharAI Avyo ane temaNe baMnene jainadharmanA siddhAMtonuM vizada jJAna karAvyuM. te satI kaNakinA sadAcaraNa tathA uttama vyaktitvathI eTalI prabhAvita thaI ke tene "karyu kaDavuLa (pAtivayanI devI) nAme vibhUSita karavA lAgI. - traNe madurA nagarI pahoMcyA. mArgamAM ja kovalane potAnI preyasI mAdhavInA premanI jANakArI eka brAhmaNa dvArA maLe che. madurA nagarInA sImAvartI govALonI vastImAM, jainasAdhvI kavRttI aDigaLanI vinaMtIthI, eka govALanA atithi banI kovalanu-kazmIki rokAyA. kovalanuM potAnI patnI pAsethI eka jhAMjhara laI tene vecavA mATe zaheramAM gayo ane rAjamArgamAM eka darabArI svarNakAra sAthe teno bheTo thayo. te svarNakAra dhUrta ane cora hato. teNe pahelAM ja mahArANInuM eka jhAMjhara samArakAmanA bahAne haDapa karI lIdhuM hatuM. saMyogavaza, AvA mokA para kovalanuM potAnI patnInA jhAMjhara sAthe tenA cakkaramAM phasAI gayo. khAsa vAta e hatI ke mahArANInuM jhAMjhara ane kovalanuM jhAMjhara baMne eka jevA dekhAtA hatA. eTale cAlAka svarNakArane potAnI cAla cAlavAno eka moko maLI gayo. te kovalanune eka sthAne besADIne, tarata pAThya nareza pAse pahoMcyo ane kovalane mahArANInA jhAMjharano cora batAvyo. te samaye pADyanareza praNayakalahane kAraNe risAyelI potAnI rANIne manAvavA mATe jaldI jaI rahyo hato. eka to kAmodrekathI tenI mati asaMtulita hatI, ane bIjuM mahArANInI ja phariyAda hatI. AthI tarata rAjAe, "jo cora hAthohAtha maLI ja gayo hoya, to tene mAravA mATe laI jAo !" - ema kahevAne badale krodhAvezamAM ema kahI dIdhuM ke "te corane mArIne Avo." rAjAnI AjJA tarata ja amalamAM mUkavAmAM AvI. A duHkhada vRttAMta kAnokAna zaheramAM phelAI gayo. jyAre kaNakie A sAMbhaLyuM, to te zokavihvaLa thaI mUcchita thaI gaI. te pativratA eka tarapha potAnA prANapriya bhartAnA anyAyapUrvaka mAryA javAthI asIma du:khI hatI, to bIjI tarapha guNI patideva para corIno mithyA aparAdha lAgavAno tene asahya saMtApa paNa hato. krodhAviSTa karNaki muktakezinI banI sIdhI pADya rAjAnI sabhAmAM gaI ane tene lalakAratI bolI, "mArA pati deva nirdoSa che. mArI pAse tenuM pramANa che."

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kAppiyam-1 147 tarata kaSNakie potAnA pati pAsethI jhUMTavI levAmAM AveluM jhAMjhara bharI rAjasabhAmAM jorathI paTakI dIdhuM. Azcarya ! te TelAM jhAMjharamAMthI camakatAM mANeka nIkaLI cAre tarapha vIkharAI paDyA. rANInA jhAMjharamAM to pAMDya dezanA saMpatti srota motI bharelAM hatA. have rahasya khUlI gayuM ane pAMDya rAjAne potAnA nikRSTa anyAyathI eTaluM duHkha thayuM ke tatkALa ja tenI hRdayagati rokAI gaI ane te siMhAsanathI nIce paDI niprANa thaI gayo. tenI devI paNa pativiyoganI jvALAthI saLagI tyAM ja "satI thaI gaI. zoka tathA krodhathI saMtapta satI kaNakino hRdayatApa AnAthI paNa zAMta na thayo. AvA bhraSTAcArI vaMcaka svarNakAra ane vAsanAne vaza thaIne nyAyatulAthI vicalita banela pADya narezanI rAjadhAnIne bhasmasAt karI nAkhavI e ja kaNakine ucita pratIkAra lAgyo. teNe potAnA jamaNuM stana maroDI alaga karyuM ane rudhirasikta te stanamAMsane madurA nagarI para pheMkyu. rakta paDatAM ja sahastra jvAlAo sAthe bhISaNa dAvAnaLe madurAne gherI lIdhuM; ane paLavAramAM te nagara agni zikhAono zikAra banI gayuM. te samaye madurA nagarInI adhiSThAtrI devI kaNaki sAme prakaTa thaI bolI, "A badhI durghaTanAo pUrva-janmakRta karmanAM phaLa che. AthI tuM duHkhI na thA." ane, te ja devInA nirdezAnusAra kaNaki zAMta thaIne vaimainadInA kinArethI pAMDyadeza choDI ceradeza (keraLa) tarapha pagapALA ja cAlI nIkaLI. paMdaramA divase ceradezanI sImAvartI eka pahADI para "veMge vRkSa nIce pahoMcI. te samaye devapuruSa rUpe kovalanuM eka vimAna para ArUDha thaI nIce UtarI Avyo ane potAnI satI-sAdhvI patnI kaNakine sAthe laI AkAzamArge cAlyo gayo. A abhuta dRzya tyAMnA "kurava' nAmanA pahADI lokoe joyuM ane tarata jaIne ceranareza caMguThThavana pAse potAnI najare joyelI ghaTanAnuM varNana karyuM. ceranareza satI karNakino Akho vRttAMta potAnA mitra tathA kavivara cAranAra pAsethI sAMbhaLI gadgad thaI gayo. zraddhA-bhaktithI prerita thaI teNe nizcaya karyo ke himAlayamAMthI zilA lAvIne satI devI kaNakinI mUrti banAvavAmAM Ave. AthI daLakaTaka sahita cerarAjAe uttara tarapha vijayayAtrA karI ane mArgamAM saMgharSa karanAra uttara bhAratIya rAjAone parAsta karyA. mukhyatve kanaka ane vijaya nAmanA baMne pratidvandIone "kuyilAluvam" (himAlayamAM eka sthAna) nAmaka pradeza para 1. vyAkhyAkAre A sthAna vize lakhyuM che te himAlaya upara Avela che ane tyAM eka ardhanArIzvaranuM - maMdira che.

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148 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa samarAMgaNamAM parAjita karyA. ane ceMgaTTavana himAlayathI lAvelI zilAne gaMgAmAM navaDAvI, te parAjita rAjAonA mAthA para ladAvI potAnI rAjadhAnI pAcho pharyo. tene maMdiramAM vidhivat pratiSThita karI. te samaye karNaki devI svayaM pragaTa rUpe Avirbhata thaIne ceranarezane AzIrvAda Ape che, pAcanarezano aparAdha mApha karI tene pitAtulya kahI tenI prazaMsA kare che. A mahotsavamAM bhAga lenArAomAM siMhala (laMkA)nA tatkAlIna rAjA kayavAhu (gajabAhu) paNa hatA ane uttara bhAratathI baMdI banAvIne lavAyela rAjA kanaka ane vijaya baMnene ceranareze mukta karI sammAnya maMtrI banAvI dIdhA. zilappadhikAranuM nAmakaraNa - A mahAkAvyanA traNa pratipAdya viSaya che, (1) pratyeka vyaktine pUrvajanmanA karmonuM phaLa anivArya rUpe bhogavavuM paDe che. (2) pativratA strInI manuSya ja nahi, devatA paNa pUjA kare che. ane (3) je zAsaka janamaMgala-prerita prajApAlananA potAnA pavitra kartavyathI ata thaI jAya che, te vinaSTa thaI jAya che. A ja traNa muddAne AdhAre A kAvyanI racanA thaI che. eka abaLA (strI) pAvityanI niSThArUpI dAvAnaLamAM potAnA jJAta-ajJAta doSo saLagAvI tapta svaccha svarNamUrti jevI prakAzita thAya che - A paNa A kAvyano eka saMdeza A utreraka kathAnI aMtarmukhI bhAvanAo vastutaH jhAMjharane mAdhyama banAvIne ja dhvanita thAya che. satI kaSNaki potAnA zubha vivAhanA avasare jhAMjhara paherI le che ane jyAre pati kovalanuM tenI avahelanA karI nartakI mAdhavInA premapAzamAM phasAI jAya che, tyAre te jhAMjharone potAnA pagamAMthI kADhI nAkhe che. mAdhavIthI risAIne jyAre kovalanuM pAcho AvI gayo, tyAre vyavasAya calAvavA mATe eka jhAMjhara peTImAMthI kADhI kaNaki patine soMpI de che. pAvana satItvacihnano A ja vilakSaNa mahimA hato ke satI kaNakinA pagane alaMkRta karanArI vastu kyAreya vecI nathI zakAtI ane tene paya vastu banAvavAnuM pariNAma bhayaMkara haze. aMtataH e ja thayuM. tenuM phaLa na mAtra kovalanune, paraMtu samasta madurAvAsIone paNa bhogavavuM paDyuM - potAnA prANonI bali caDAvIne ! te jhAMjhara apahRta karanAra sonIno Akho varga ja AgamAM saLagI maryo ane tenA ja kAraNe pADya

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kAppiyamu-1 149 narezanuM mRtyu thayuM, sAthe ja pati viyogathI taDapatI mahArANI paNa marI gaI. aMte, satI karNaki devI rUpe prasannatA sAthe ceranareza geMguThThavanane darzana Ape che ane te samaye tenA pagane jhAMjhara alaMkRta kare che. A rIte jhAMjhara A kAvyanI mukhya ghaTanAo mATe kendravartI avalaMbana banI gayuM che. A ja kAraNe A mahAkAvyanuM nAma "zilambane kendramAM rAkhIne karavAmAM AveluM kAvya" arthamAM e zilappadhikArampaDyuM. kavino sAMpradAyika pakSa kavivara ilaMgo aDigaLu jaina sAdhu hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. keTalAka loko temane zaiva paNa mAne che. baMne mAnyatAonA viSayamAM paryApta pramANa upalabdha che. temanA moTA bhAI ceranareza caMguThThavanuM zivabhakta hatA. AthI paraMparAthI teo paNa zaivamatAvalaMbI hoI zake che. paraMtu kAvyavarNanamAM jaina dharmanI jeTalI pramukhatA che teTalI anya matonI nathI. kAvyano carita nAyaka kovalanuM ane tenI patnI kaNaka baMne jaina dharmanA anuyAyI hatA. temanI mArgadarzikA tathA upadezikA kavutti aDigaLa jaina sAdhvI ja hatI. A sAdhvInA mukhethI ja nahi, jaina kAvyanI paddhati anusAra, be cAraNo, RddhidhArI (gaganacArI) sAdhuo dvArA paNa jaina dharmanuM vizada varNana kavie karAvyuM che. AthI A "zilappadhikAramu"ne jaina kAvya mAnavuM ja saMgata thaze. kavi IbaMgo aDigaLunI vizeSatA e ja che ke temaNe taTastha tathA samAdara bhAve te kALamAM pracalita tathA prakhyAta samasta dharmonuM prAmANika tathA suMdara varNana karyuM che. A ja rIte temanA kAvyapAtro paNa potapotAnA dharma, guNa tathA vyaktitvanI abhivyaktimAM sahaja-svAbhAvika che, saMpUrNa che. A ja kAraNa che ke koI paNa samIkSaka athavA anveSaka ilaMgo aDigaLune koI viziSTa saMpradAyanA pakSapAtI sAbita nathI karI zakatA. joke teo jaina dharmAnuyAyI hatA, to paNa temaNe vaiSNava tathA zaiva matanuM varNana eTalI uttama rIte karyuM che ke pAThaka temanI sarvadharmasamabhAva ke samanvayadaSTino Adara karyA vagara nathI rahI zakato. jyAre zramaNadharma (jaina dharma)nuM varNana kare che, tyAre kavi svaya 1. tAmilamAM 'zilambano artha che jhAMjhara, ane saMdhi-niyama pramANe zilabu + adhikAram = zilappAdhikAram' banyuM.

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150 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa zreSTha jinadharmI jaNAya che; jyAre "kurava' (bhIla jevA pahADI zikArI loko) loko dvArA karavAmAM Avela "muruka (kArtikeya)nI stuti-gAthAno prasaMga Ave che, to pratIta thAya che ke kavi svayaM "murukannA upAsaka che. jyAre "veDavarU' (kAnanavAsI zikArI) loko dvArA karavAmAM AvelI kAlIdevInI pUjAnuM varNana Ave che, to saMdeha thAya che ke A kavi kAlIupAsaka to nathI ? ane, A ja rIte govALo dvArA gopAla-kanaiyA (viSNu)nI pUjAnA upalakSyamAM karavAmAM AvelAM "Aciyar kuratai" (govALonuM gAna sahita sAmUhika nRtya)nuM sajIva varNana vAMcIne pAThaka cokkasa kavivarane koI vaiSNava bhaktakavi ALuvAranuM pratirUpa samajaze. pratyeka dharma tathA devatAnA varNanamAM kavizreSTha tattadU dharmAvalaMbI bhaktonI zraddhA tathA sahAnubhUtinuM sajIva darzana karAvyuM che. A prAcIna mahAkAvyamAM eTalI udAra bhAvanAno samAveza sAce ja asAdhAraNa mahattvanI vAta che. maMgalAcaraNa kAvyano prAraMbha "tiMgaLe podum" (candramAnI vaMdanA karIzuM....)thI thAya che. A ja kAvyanuM maMgalAcaraNa che. kavi prakRtipUjaka athavA viziSTa devatApUjaka paNa nathI. kavino udeza to colanareza ane temanI rAjadhAnI puSpahAranagarInI prazasti karavAno ja rahyo che. paravartI vyAkhyAnakAroe paNa eka svare kavinA A ja AMtarika udezanuM samarthana karyuM che. kavi ema nahotA IcchatA ke koI paNa matAvalaMbInI e dhAraNA bane ke kavi amuka mata ke saMpradAyanA poSaka ane pracAraka che. pAtronA vyaktitva tathA vizeSatAono nirvAha tathA prAsaMgika rUpe jainadharmanA tattvonuM eTalI suMdara rIte varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che ke te anya dharmAnuyAyIo mATe anukaraNIya udAharaNa che. "yatra nAryastu pUSyanta ramatte tatra devatAnuM ja vizada varNana "zilappadhikAram'mAM nathI thayuM, paraMtu eka nArI potAnA satItvabaLe devI banI jAya che ane deza-videzamAM tenA mATe maMdira UbhA karI devAmAM Ave che ane tenI pratimA pratiSThita karavAmAM Ave che. kavie nArInA zIla, tenI maryAdA, mahattA tathA zaktimattAnuM khUba ja prabhAvakArI varNana karyuM che. saMghakALamAM tenuM sthAna zilappadhikAramamAM jaina dharmanAM tattvo sivAya, tamilanA viziSTa saMgIta, nRtya ane raMgamaMca saMbaMdhI keTalAMya abhuta tattva varNita che. eTalA mATe adhikAMza

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kAppiyam-1 151 samAlocako A mahAkAvyane "nATakakAppiyam' (nATyakAvya) kahe che. AnI trIse gAthAo (kavitAo) saMghakAlIna phaTakaLa kavitAonI jema potAnAmAM svataMtra tathA pUrNa che. kathAvastu eka hovAne kAraNe eka gAthAno bIjI gAthA sAthe kramika saMbaMdha banelo che, je saMghakAlIna kavitAomAM alabhya che. eTalA mATe A graMthane saMghasAhityadhArAnuM nUtana vikasita pratIka kahevAmAM Ave che. saMghakAlIna kavitAomAM vIragAthAo tathA prazastionI sAthe-sAthe mAnavajIvananA sAdhAraNa paNa pavitra ke prazaMsanIya pAsAonuM svAbhAvika citraNa paNa paryApta mAtrAmAM che. A kAvya paNa mAnava-jIvananI mahattA tathA pavitratAnuM pUrNatayA samarthaka che. AmAM kavi Atma-vibhora thaIne potAnI anubhUtionuM je sajIva citraNa kare che, te paNa saMgha sAhityanA prabhAvanuM pariNAma che. chatAM paNa kavinI maulika pratibhAno camatkAra pada-pade jhaLake che. eTalA mATe kahI zakAya ke A mahAkAvya saMghakAlanA paryAvasAna samayanI athavA tenI pachInI racanA che. A kAvyamAM pallavono saMketa suddhAM nathI, eTalA mATe eTaluM to nizcita ja che ke pallavonI pahelAM ja A kAvyaratna nirmita thaI cUkyuM che. racanAkALa satI kaNaki dvArA madure nagarIne bhasmasAt karavAnI tithi vize kavivare Avo nirdeza karyo che - "aSADha mAsanA kRSNapakSanA zukravAre jyAre aSTamI tithi ane kArtika nakSatranuM milana thaze, agnideva pADya rAjadhAnI madurano vinAza karaze ane pAkyanarezanI paNa durgati avazyabhAvI che. A tithi viSayamAM tamila vAya tathA jyotiSazAstranA prakAMDa vidvAna sva. ela. DI. sAmi kaNuM pilainA mata anusAra A samaya tA. 23 julAI 756 I.sa. hato. temaNe potAnA A nirNayanI puSTi mATe mahAkAvyanA suprasiddha vyAkhyAkAra aDiyAkuM nallAranI TippaNono sahAro lIdho che. paraMtu pillejI bIjA sthaLe mAnya vyAkhyAkAronI vAtone asaMgata sAbita karavAmAM paNa khacakAyA na hatA. suvikhyAta ItihAsavettA rAmacandra dIkSitajIe eka adhikArI khagoLazAstrInI rUe paryApta anusaMdhAna pachI evo nirNaya jAhera karyo ke madUra nagarI IsvI bIjI sadImAM analakavalita thaI ane te ja TippaNIone pramANa rUpe prastuta karI jene 1. juo zilappadhikAram, madre kADa, padya paMkti-133-36.

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152 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa svamasamarthanamAM pillejIe prastuta karI che. ahIM eka vAta para dhyAna ApavuM ucita che ke jyAre pillejIe vyAkhyAtAnI TippaNIgata vAtone asaMgata mAnI, tyAre teno kAlanirNaya paNa, je moTA bhAge te TippaNI para ja avalaMbita che, kema saMgata mAnI zakAya ? ane pachIthI zrIdIkSitajIe akATya pramANothI te sAbita karI dIdhuM ke madureno agnikAMDa bIjI sadImAM ja thayo hato. kAvyanI anya vAto ane pAsAo para taTasthatApUrvaka vicAra karavAmAM Ave to dIkSitajIno nirNaya ja saMgata pratIta thAya che. keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke "jIvaka ciMtAmaNi" "peruM kartha" (bRhatkathA) vagere kAvyagraMthonA nirmANakALamAM ja "zilappadhikArama'nI paNa racanA thaI haze. zaiva saMta-sAhitya tevAranA samayamAM saMskRta ane tAmilano sAhityika samanvaya zarU thaMI cUkyo hato; AthI saMbhava che ke tatkAlIna vidvAno tathA kavione saMskRta kAvyazailInuM anukaraNa karI potAnI bhASAmAM paNa kAvyagraMtha racavAnI IcchA tathA preraNA thaI hoya. "kAppiyam' (kAvya) zabdano prayoga zilappadhikAramAM nathI maLato. paraMtu vizvabharamAM AdikAlIna mahAnuM graMthone kAvya athavA mahAkAvya ja kahevAmAM AvyA che. homarano grIka bhASAmAM racita graMtha, vAlmIkino saMskRta rAmAyaNa graMtha vagere mahAkAvyo "AdikAvya' nAme vikhyAta che. tAmila sAhityamAM saMskRta bhASA tathA sAhityano prabhAva "aranAnUra', pUranAnUra' vagere viziSTa graMthomAM nahi barAbara che. paravartI jaina tathA bauddha AcAryoe saMskRtanuM saMmizraNa lokabhASA ane sAhityika bhASAmAM vadhAre karyuM. I. pU. trIjI sadInA guphAvartI zilAlekhothI AnAM paryApta pramANa maLe che. sAMpradAyika tathA bhaktiparaka graMthomAM saMskRta zabdonI pracuratA sahaja che. eTalA mATe zilappadhikAramamAM dharma tathA devatA saMbaMdhI varNanomAM saMskRtanA tatsama-tabhava zabdo maLe che. mukhyatve ahaMta bhagavAnanI stuti rUpa varNanamAM pUrI nAmAvalI ja ApavAmAM AvI che. tatkAlIna tAmila vidvAno saMskRta graMthonA adhyayanamAM ruci dharAvatA hatA ane sIdhA saMskRta na jANanArA paNa anUdita ane AdhArita tAmila graMtho dvArA paNa potAnI jJAnapipAsA zAMta karI letA hatA. AthI mayamata, karavaTamata tathA bharatanA nATyazAstra vagerethI sArI rIte paricita hatA. A sivAya te samaye

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kAppiyam-1 153 dezamAM bahupracalita kathAo (daMtakathAo, lokakathAo ane purANa-ItihAsaaitihya vRttAMto)thI te loko anabhijJa na hatA. paMcataMtranI brAhmaNI ane nakulavALI prasiddha kathA eTalA mATe "zilakhadhikArammAM sthAna meLavI zakI ke janamanamAM sahaja ja te pesI gaI hatI. patineNukILu kaNakla saMgraha ane zilappadhikAram inkaMgo ADigaLe zilappadhikAramAM tirukrano ullekha karyo che. AthI A kAvya tenI pachInuM sAbita thAya che. paraMtu patineSThILu kaNakka arthAt aDhAra graMthonA saMgraha graMthanI pachI ja zilappadhikAranI racanA thaI, evI vAta nathI. te saMgrahamAMthI "nAbU maNikaDikai", "AcAra kovai" vagere graMthonI vAtonAM uddharaNonAM je pramANa raju karavAmAM Ave che, temane prAmANika nathI mAnI zakAtA. kemake baMne graMthonI samAna vAto prAcIna graMthonI potAnI nathI. te tatkAlIna lokoktio ane nItivacano hatA. AthI saMbhava che ke te zilappadhikAramnA racanAkALamAM paNa pracalita rahyA hoya. tene ja ilaMgo aDigaLe potAnA mahAkAvyamAM prayukta karyA haze. zilappadhikAramumAM ullekha che ke kapilavastumAM buddhadeva avatarita thaIne dharmopadeza Apaze ane te upadeza sAMbhaLyA pachI ja kovalanu-kaNakine nirvANaprApti thaze. A vAtane laIne keTalAka vidvAnono AkSepa che ke A ghaTanA buddha devane samasAmayika kevI rIte hoI zake che. paraMtu AnuM samAdhAna ema karavAmAM AvyuM che ke kAvyamAM ulikhita buddhadeva zuddhodana putra zAkyavaMzIya nathI. buddhanA keTalAya avatAra batAvavAmAM Ave che. AthI saMbhava che ke I. bIjI sadImAM avatarita koI anya buddhadevanI carcA temAM hoya. kovalanu-kaNakinI kathA AgaLa cAlatAM tAmila dezamAM phelAI gaI. sattaramI sadImAM "akavalu" chaMdamAM A ja kathA para laghukAvyanI racanA thaI. AmAMthI keTalAya pagho, parimelankara, mayilenAtha, naccinakriniyara, perAziriyara, "yAkheruMgalavRtti (chaMdazAstra)nA vyAkhyAkAra ilaMpUraNara vagere vidvAno dvArA potAnI vyAkhyAo tathA TippaNIomAM udbhata karavAmAM AvyA che. A uparAMta satI karNAkinI amara kathA paNa keTalAya lokagIto, laghukAvyo ane nibaMdho dvArA samAdata hatI. A padyo prAcIna vyAkhyAkAronI vyAkhyAo, TippaNIo vageremAM upalabdha che. saMghakAlIna graMtha "nartiNa" nAmaka graMthamAM e ghaTanAnuM varNana che ke "tirumA uNi nAmaka eka satI strI veMge vRkSa nIce UbhI

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154 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa hatI, jenuM eka stana svayaM teNe naSTa karI dIdhuM hatuM. "urNi'no artha che karNikA, je kamalabIja mAnavAmAM Ave che. saMbhavatayA kaNakinuM saMskRta rUpa "karNikA' banAvIne, tenA anuvAda rUpe "uNi"no prayoga karavAmAM Avyo hoya. zilappadhikAra"mAM paNa batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke vyAdha lokoe jemane "kuravarU' kahe che, te kaNakine "veMge' vRkSa nIce joI. AthI baMne ghaTanAomAM samAnatA cokkasa che. saMghakAlamAM 'zilappadhikAra"" kathA tathA kAvyano pracAra-prasAra khUba thaI cUkyo hato. A mahAkAvyane saMghakAlano uttarakAlIna graMtha mAnavo ucita thaze. AnAM paryApta pramANa che. ApanI je zakyatA jovA maLe che, te kadAca bhramapUrNa che. athavA pachInA kAvyapremIo dvArA joDavAmAM AvelI vAtonA AdhAre ja haze. A graMthane saMghakAlIna mAnI levA mATe mAtra A eka pramANa ja paryApta haze ke tatkAlIna dhArmika sthitinuM pUruM yathArtha citraNa AmAM maLe che. balarAma, muruganuM (kArtikeya), viSNu, ziva vagere devatAonAM maMdiranAM varNana ja nahi, paraMtu vaMdanAo paNa kavie pote ane potAnA pAtro pAse karAvI che. AvI sAmAsika tathA samarasa saMskRti ane dhArmika sthiti AvAra tathA nAyakumAra (vaiSNavazaiva) vagere saMtonA samayanI pahelAM je adhika phelAyelI maLe che. aLago aDigaLe ukta saMskRti ane dhArmika sthitinuM samarthana potAnA kAvyamAM karyuM che. suprasiddha ItihAsakAra zrI rAmacandra dIkSitare paNa keTalAya akATya pramANothI e sAbita karyuM che ke I. bIjI sadImAM ja "zilappadhikArInuM praNayana thaI cUkyuM hatuM. A graMthamAM dhArmika kaTTaratAno AbhAsa suddhAM nathI maLato. AmAM viziSTa tAmila saMskRtinA mULa tattvonuM paripoSaNa che je "yAhu jhare, yavam vazejhi (deza-videza badhA amArI janmabhUmi che ane badhA loko amArA priya baMdhu che) vagere uttamottama siddhAMtothI anuprANita che. maNimekhale maNimekhale eka chokarInuM nAma che. te ja A kAvyanI caritanAyikA che. zilappadhikAram'nA caritanAyaka vaNika-putra kovalanI premikA nartakInI kukhe 1. A paMkti saMghakAlIna kavivara zrI kaNiya- paMkundanASTranA padyano aMza che.

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kAppiyam-1 155 utpanna chokarI hatI maNimekhale. A kAvyamAM bauddha tattvonI pracuratA che, eTalA mATe bauddha kAvyagraMtha rUpe AnI gaNanA thAya che. caritanAyikA maNimekhale potAnA rUpasaundarya para mohita cola yuvarAja udayanakumAranI premabhikSAno paNa asvIkAra karI de che ane potAnA manane jabaradastIthI kaThora banAvI le che. tenI mahattvAkAMkSA bhoga-upabhoganI paMkila jIvanadhArAthI AkRSTa na hatI. tene A jIvananI nazvaratA ane daihika sukhonI kSaNabhaMguratAthI sadA mATe mukti meLavI ajara-amara (nirvANa) padanI prAptinI adamya AkAMkSA hatI. buddhadevanA "Arya satyoe tenA aMdhakArAcchanna jIvanapathamAM jvalaMta dIpastaMbha Ubho karI dIdho. "AtmahitAya'nI apekSAe "lokahitAya'nI unnata preraNA tene sadA karmapatha para agresara karatI rahI. AthI prANImAtranA uddhAra mATe ane dukALapIDita janatAnI bhUkha miTAvavA mATe maNimekhale potAnuM sarvasva. tyAgIne bhikSuNI banI nIkaLI paDI. jANe tenI punIta abhilASA jANIne ja bhagavAne tene "amuda surabhi' (amRtasurabhi) nAmaka akSayapAtra sulabha karI ApyuM. tenA ja sahAre te sAdhvIe bahu lokopakAra karyo. keTalAya pathabhraSTone satyapatha para lAvI mUkyA. maNimekhale' kAvyanA racayitAnuM zubhanAma hatuM zIttalaiM cAranAra. teo tAmilanA prakAMDa vidvAnuM ane madhuravApha kavi hatA. bauddha dharmAvalaMbI to hatA ja paraMtu "zilakhadhikAranA racayitA zrI igaMgo aDigaLanA mitra hovA chatAM paNa temanA jevA udAra ane taTastha na rahI zakyA. karNaki-kovalanunI kathAne temaNe ja dabaMgo aDigaLune saMbhaLAvI; AthI te pUrI kathA jANatA hatA ane ghaTanAnA samasAmayika paNa hatA. A vAtanuM paNa pramANa maLe che ke temaNe ilaMgojIne ema prArthanA karI ke "Apa satI kaNakinI punIta kathA para kAvya racanA karo ane huM kovalanunI premikA, nartakI gaNikA mAdhavInI putrI Adarza guNavatI maNimekhalenA caritane kAvyanI bhASA ApIza." iLaMgojIe potAnA mitranI abhyarthanAno svIkAra karI mahAkAvya "zilappadhikAramu'nI racanA karI. vidvAnono mata che ke zrI cAttanAre udAratA, sarvadharmasamarasatA saMbaMdhI potAnI khAmIno svayaM anubhava karIne ja A mahattvapUrNa punIta kArya nisargodAra ullaMgojInA hAthomAM soMpyuM haze. A "maNimekhale' kAvyamAM piTaka graMthonI pracura paurANika bauddha kathAo maLI Ave che. A ja kAraNe, tene keTalIya alaukika ghaTanAonuM saMkalana mAnavuM paDe

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156 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che. gaNikAnI putrI thaIne paNa, lokoddhAra karavA yogya sammAnya bhikSaNI banatI eka nisvArtha sevikAnuM caritracitraNa A kAvyamAM che. varNa vyavasthAnI niMdA, bauddhadharmanI upAdeyatA tathA sAdhAraNa jana sudhInA mATe sulabhatAnuM varNana, bauddha tattvonuM tarkapUrNa samarthana ane anya dharmonuM khaMDana paNa A "maNimekhale' kAvyamAM thayuM che. A kAvyamAM nAlaMdA vizvavidyAlayanA pradhAna paMDita dinAga ane dharmapAlanA tArkika maMtavyomAMthI keTalAka aMzo anuvAda rUpe ullikhita che. A aMzo pachIthI prakSipta rUpe joDI dIdhelAM mAluma paDe che. joke A bauddha mahAkAvya che, to paNa AmAM jaina dharmanuM paNa suMdara varNana che. ghaTanAnI paraMparAne jotAM e spaSTa samajAya che ke A kAvya "zilappadhikAramuno uttarAddha che ane tenA praNayana pachI ja AnI racanA thaI che. maNimekhale' graMthano dhArmika pakSa AmAM prathama gAthA "vi jai (parvanuM varNana karanArI )mAM A ghaTanA varNita che - "sudhAmatinA pitA brAhmaNa hatA, bhISaNa udararogathI pIDita thaIne jaina maMdiramAM Azraya levA gayA. paNa jainoe anya dharmIne potAne tyAM rAkhavAnuM na cAhyuM ane tatkALa te rogI brAhmaNane bahAra kADhI mUkyo. pachI jyAre te rogI rakSAnI prArthanA karato vIzImAM bhaTakato rahyo, tyAre bauddhoe dayA karI bauddhavihAramAM Azraya Apyo ane yathocita upacAranI vyavasthA karI." A ghaTanAthI bauddhonI udAratAno paricaya to maLe ja che, paraMtu jainonI dharma-parirakSaNanI jAgarUkatA paNa prakaTa thAya che. "maNimekhale"nI 27mI gAthA "samathara taMtiram eNTTa tai" (dharmAcAryone maNimekhalA dvArA pUchavAmAM AvelI dhArmika vAtonI gAthA)mAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke maNimekhalAe pramANavAdI, zaivavAdI, brahmavAdI, vaiSNavavAdI, vaidika (vedavAdI), AjIvaka, nigaMThavAdI, sAMkhyavAdI, vaizeSikavAdI ane bhUtavAdI - A matavAdIo pAse dhArmika tattvo samajAvavAnI abhyarthanA karI ane te vidvAnoe paNa maNimekhalAnI prArthanA pUrI karI. badhA dharmamato para gaMbhIra vicAra karyA pachI te sAdhvI e nirNaya para pahoMcI ke bauddha-dharma adhika vyavahArasulabha tathA zreyaskara che. A gAthAnA aMte maNimekhalA vize kavie lakhyuM che, "je varda samayamuna ariSTha " (pAMca prakAranA saMpradAyo ke matone paNa jANI lIdhA)." paraMtu, gAthAmAM

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kAppiyama-1 dasa vAdIono ullekha che. vaidika mata ane pramANa mata baMne eka ja hatA. AjIvaka tathA nigaMTha (jaina) matanA pArasparika saMbaMdhanuM darzana 'zilappadhikAram'mAM paNa che. 'lokAyatika mata'nA nAme prakhyAta bhUtavAda paNa te samaye khUba pracAramAM hato. AthI aMte nirdiSTa 'ghe varte samayam' (pAMca prakAranA mata) A hoI zake che H vaidika mata, pramANa mata, AjIvaka mata, nigaMTha (jaina) mata ane lokAyatika. pachInA bauddha graMtha 'nIlakezI'mAM A pAMca matonI sAthe sAMkhya ane vaizeSika matone paNa joDI devAmAM AvyA che. AthI jaNAya che, 'maNimekhalai'mAM atirikta rUpe varNita vAdone pachIthI joDI devAmAM AvyA che. A kAvyamAM vAda-prativAda, paramatakhaMDana tathA svamatakhaMDana vagere vAto spaSTa sthAna nathI meLavI zakI; chatAM paNa maNimekhalA pracalita samasta mato para carcA athavA TIkA-TippaNI prahAra avazya kare che; te paNa potAnA abhISTa dharma 52 dRDhatara vizvAsa mATe. eka vAta to ApaNe mAnavI ja paDaze ke zuSka dhArmika carcAne laIne suMdara kAvya-graMtha racavAnI paraMparA A 'maNimekhalai'thI zarU thaI che. A ja kramamAM kaTTara dharma-graMtha 'kuNDalakezI' nAmaka bauddha-graMthanI racanA thaI. A graMthanA pratyuttarasvarUpa 'nIlakezI' nAmaka adbhuta jaina kAvya graMthanuM praNayana thayuM. nIlakezI 'nIlakezI' arvAcIna racanA che. AnA raciyatAnA nAmano kyAMya ullekha maLato nathI. raciyatAe lakhyuM che ke teNe eka sapanuM joyuM ane tenI preraNAthI A graMtha racyo che. pAMcAla deza, kuNDavartanam nAmaka nagara, tenA rAjA samudrasAran, te nagaranI cAre tarapha phelAyela 'palANyam' nAmaka smazAna, te pradezanAM maMdira, temAM karavAmAM AvatA hatyAkAMDa tathA bhUta-pizAconAM ghora kRtya vagerenuM rocaka varNana 'nIlakezI' graMthamAM che. A 'aiciru kAppiyam (paMca laghukAvyo)' mAM eka che. 157 kAlI devInA maMdiramAM thanArI balisvarUpa jIvahatyAne muni candre rokI dIdhI. AnAthI asaMtuSTa thayelI kAlI devI nIlI nAmaka strI sAthe, potAno veza badalI 1. pAMca laghukAvyonAM nAma A pramANe che 1. yazodharakAvyam, 2. caLAmaNi, 3. nAgakumAkAvyam, 4. udayaNakAvyam ane 5. nIlakezI.

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158 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa candra muni pAse pahoMcI. teo tapasyAmAM lIna hatA. baMne strIoe munine vicalita karavAnA keTalAya prayatna karyA; paraMtu munine teo DagAvI na zakI. nIlI viduSI hatI ane munivaranI acaMcala niSThA joI potAno parAjaya svIkArI laI tatkAla ja temanI ziSyA banI, temanI pAsethI dharmopadeza sAMbhaLavAno suyoga paNa prApta karyo. kramazaH ahiMsAdharma para tenI AsthA dRDhatara thatI gaI. jaina dharmanI pAraMgata viduSI rUpe tenuM nAma sarvatra vikhyAta thaI gayuM. nIlI "nIlakezI'nA nAmathI ghUmI-ghUmIne ahiMsA dharmano pracAra tathA prabhAvanA karavA lAgI. A ja dharmayAtrAmAM prasiddha bauddha bhikSuNI kuMDalakezIne nIlakezIe vAdavivAdamAM parAjita karI. pachI ardhacandra, mogyalAyana vagere bauddhAcAryone parAsta karyA. pachI AjIvaka, sAMkhya, bhedavAdI ane lokAyatavAdI sAthe paNa zAstrArtha karI vijayI thaI. badhA parAjita matavAdIone potAnA buddhibaLathI jainadharmAvalaMbI banAvI dIdhA. AvI apratihata pratibhA tathA vAdakuzaLatA sampanna nIlakezIne rAjAe pradhAna dharma saMsthApikA rUpe ghoSita karI ane teno badhI jagyAe samAdara karAvavAnI ghoSaNA karAvI. A zubha prasaMga sAthe A kathA samApta thAya che. nIlakezInA vyAkhyAkAra A graMthanI mahattA tenI pAMDityapUrNa vyAkhyAthI ja prakaTa che. vyAkhyAkAranuM nAma che samayadivAkara vAmana munivara. teo ja merumaMthara purANa (prasiddha tAmila jaina graMtha)nA racayitA che. teo mallisenAcAriyara nAmathI prasiddha hatA. temanA ziSya puSpasenAcArya hatA, je vijayanagaranA rAjA hariharanA maMtrI hirukappanA guru hatA. temano samaya caudamI sadI che. batAvavAmAM Ave che ke vAmana muni "tirupatti kunDamAM rahetA hatA. nIlakezIno racanAkALa prasiddha tAmila chaMdazAstra "yAkheruMgalavRttinI vyAkhyAmAM "nIlakezI'nI carcA che je dasamI sadInI racanA che. AthI e nizcita che ke tenI pahelAM ja A kAvyanuM praNayana thaI cUkyuM hatuM. A graMthamAM arvAcIna mata, advaita vedAnta matano ullekha nathI maLato. zaivasaMta graMtha "tevAram'mAM AjIvaka matano ullekha nathI, paraMtu "nIlakezI'mAM che. AthI A "tevArama"nI pahelAMnI racanA che. "teva'nA nAmathI prasiddha tiruvalluvaranA eka ziSya ja A "nIlakezI" graMthanI racanA karI hatI. tAmilanA prasiddha jaina vidvAna zrI e. cakravartI nAyinAra A nirNaya para pahoMcyA che.

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kAppiyam-1 159 | zilAlekhonA AdhAre vidvAna loko e nirNaya para pahoMcyAM che ke AjIvakamata tAmilanADumAM arvAcIna cola rAjAonA zAsanakALamAM paNa pracalita hato. e to nizcita che ke nIlakezI kAvya bauddha mahAkAvya "maNimekhale'nI pachI ja racavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. bauddhonI sAme thayelA prabaLa virodhamAM A jaina graMthanI racanA thaI che. I. sAtamI sadImAM cInI yAtrI hyuena saMge potAnA yAtrAvRttAMtamAM lakhyuM che ke tAmilanADumAM bauddhadharmano prasAra khUba ocho thaI gayo che. enAthI e vAta spaSTa thAya che ke tenA paryaTana-kALa pahelAM ja "nIlakezI' graMtha racavAmAM Avyo haze, kemake tenA racanAkALamAM bauddha dharmano khUba prabhAva tAmila dezamAM hato. vaLeyApati "vauyApati' tAmilanA paMca mahAkAvyomAM aMtima mAnavAmAM Ave che. A kAvyanI kathA pUrNa rUpe upalabdha nathI. thoDAM paDyo ja potAnA nAmazeSa kAvyano paricaya Ape che. A padyo paNa samagra rUpe kyAMya eka sthAna para nathI maLyAM. te badhA suprasiddha vidvAna vyAkhyAkAra aDiyAkuM nalAra, IbaMpUraNAra, naccinAkuM iniyAra ane parimelaLagaranI vyAkhyAomAM vikharAyela hatA. te lagabhaga eMzI pagho hatA jemanuM saMkalana "zaintamiLa" nAmaka patrikAe karyuM hatuM. A saMgrahanA padomAM "nikkanta veDatu IDigaNam' (nirgastha vezadhArI RSigaNa) arivanu (jeNe jJAna meLavyuM hoya - jinadeva) vagere prayogo maLe che. AthI Ane eka jaina graMtha mAnavAmAM koI Apatti nathI. A padyomAM keTalAMka to cAra caraNavALA che, keTalAka be-be caraNavALA tathA keTalAka cha caraNavALA paNa che. tAmilanA chaMdazAstro "yApparuMgalavRttithI prAcIna hovAne kAraNe Ano racanAkALa dasamI sadInI pahelAMno ja hoI zake. pUruM kAvya na maLavAthI, tenA rasAsvAdananI suvidhA nathI. jeTalAM padyo maLyAM, tenAthI e nirNaya para pahoMcAya che ke A graMtha prAMjala zailImAM dhArmika viSayonuM varNana karanAra komaLa kAvya rahyuM haze. tenI zreSThatA tathA vizeSatA enAthI prakaTa che ke prakAMDa paMDitoe potAnI vyAkhyAomAM AnAM padyo sAdara uddhata karyA che. sahuthI anokhI vAta e che ke "takrayALa, paraNi" (takSa yAga paraNi) nAmaka prasiddha prabaMdha graMthanA vyAkhyAkAre tenA racayitA kavi cakravartI oTTakrUttara' vize AdarapUrvaka lakhyuM che ke "kaviyaLagu veSThi vauyApatiye ninaittAra' arthAt kavitAmAdhuryanI zodha karatAM kavie (oTTakUttare) "vauyApati kAvyanuM manana karyuM."

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160 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa eka to oTTaklAra ucca koTinA madhuravApha kavi hatA, ane bIjI tarapha te kaTTara zaiva hatA. chatAM paNa temaNe kAvyamAdhurya para prasanna thaIne "vauyApati kAvya'nuM manana karyuM, je eka dharmavirodhI arthAta jaina kavino jainadharmIya graMtha hato. kAza, samagra graMtha maLI gayo hota ! peruM kathe A kAvyane paMca mahAkAvyomAM sthAna na maLavA chatAM paNa, racanAzailI tathA kAvyasauSThavanI daSTie Ane mahAkAvya kahI zakAya. "kuMDalakezI" ane "vauyApati' baMnenI apekSAe AnuM kAvyastara UMcuM ja che. zilappadhikAram ane maNimekhalainI jema A kAvya paNa "akava chaMdamAM che. AnA racayitAnuM nAma koMkuLirU che. AnA padyo "zilappadhikAram ane "maNimekhale'nA padyonI jema "nakArAtta che. A paddhatine prathama lakSaNagraMthakAra tolakAppiyare "pu" ane "vanaDu" kahI che. te mahAkAvyonI ja jema A kAvya paNa kathAnakane anukULa eka ja chaMdamAM che ane "aMtAdi' nAmaka zabdAlaMkArathI paNa yukta che. * vyAkhyAkAronI TippaNIothI mAlUma paDe che ke A "perum kartha' kAvyanuM apanAma "udayaNan kartha" paNa hatuM. vastutaH A kAvya paNa guNADhyanA suvikhyAta graMtha "bRhatkathA'nuM ja parimAjita tAmila rUpa che. tAmila kAvyazailI anusAra pradezavarNananA prasaMgamAM, uttara bhAratanuM varNana tAmila deza rUpe ja karavAmAM AvyuM che. udayana ane vAsavadattAnI joDI kambananA rAma tathA sItAnI jema tAmilasaMskRtinA raMge raMgAI gaI che. premI-premikAnuM saMdarzana, sammilana ane premavikAsanI paraMparA tamila kAvyazailI anusAra ja upasthita karavAmAM AvI che. joke A kAvyamAM vimAna vagerenuM kAlpanika varNana Ave che, to paNa samaya, samAja ane janajIvanane A kAvya jeTalAM adhika pratibiMbita kare che, teTalAM anya kAvyamAM anupalabdha che. nArIno mahimA, vidyAno prabhAva, lokonuM manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa, rAjanItinI cAlo, sattAdhIzonI cAlo vagere keTalIya vAto khUba ja rocaka DhaMgathI A "udayanuM karthamAM varNita che. Ano caritanAyaka udayaNa che, chatAM paNa tenA mitra "gIne paNa caritanAyaka mAnavo paDe che. samagra kAvyakathAmAM gati tathA ghaTanApravAha mUgInA ja astitvathI AgaLa vadhe che.

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kAppiyam-1 161 duHkhanI vAta e che ke A suMdara kAvya pUruM nathI maLyuM, prAraMbha ane aMtanA aMzo hajI sudhI upalabdha nathI thayA. vaccenA ja aMzo, jene paNa avicchinna nathI kahI zakAtA, have pustakAkAramAM maLe che. racayitA kAvyakAra koMkavelira jainAcArya hatA. kAvyamAM aneka sthAnomAM jainatattvonuM varNana pratyakSa tathA parokSa rUpe kavie karyuM che. teo koMkamaMDalamUnA kurampa kSetravartI vijayamaMgalam nAmaka sthAnamAM janmyA hatA. eka anuzruti anusAra kavivare A kAvya pUruM karavA mATe traNa vAra janma lIdho, tyAre jatAM A kAvya pUruM thaI zakyuM. aDiyArpha nallAra vagere zreSTha vidvAnoe A kAvyanI khUba-khUba prazaMsA karI che. anumAna che ke koMkavelira AcArya vajanaMdInA saMghamAM vidyamAna hatA. A pahelAM ja batAvavAmAM AvI cUkyuM che ke A kAvya guNADhyakRta "bRhatuM kathA para AdhArita che. AMdhranarezanI sabhAnA kavivaromAM guNADhya paNa eka hatA. temaNe ja paizAcI bhASAmAM bRhat kathA'nI racanA karI hatI. te I. prathama sadInA hatA. zUdraka nAmaka nareze "vINAvAsavadattam nAmaka nATaka lakhyuM. teno tAmilamAM anuvAda karyo hato kAMcIpuramunA eka kathAzilpIe, je kavi daMDIno mitra hato. teno ullekha daMDIe potAnI "avantisuMdarI kathAmAM karyo che. dakSiNanA nATakakAroe bhAsanA nATakomAMnI vAsavadattAnI kathA upara keTalIya kRtio racI che. mahAkAvya "maNimekhalemAM paNa vAsavadattA-AkhyAnano ullekha che. prasiddha vaiSNava saMta kavi tirumaMge ALuvAre potAnA "ciriya tirumaDalu' nAme padya-saMgrahamAM vAsavadattAkathAnI carcA karI che. AthI e vAta jarUra spaSTa thAya che ke udayana ane vAsavadattAnI kathA tAmilanADumAM paNa sarvatra kahevA-sAMbhaLavAmAM AvatI hatI ane lokapriyatAne kAraNe, jema ke kAlidAse paNa "meghasaMdezamAM kahyuM hatuM - 3yanathAvagrAmavRddhA...' janamananI bhAvuka saMvedanAone mugdha karI rahI hatI. A suMdara kAvyanA praNetA koMkavelira jaina dramilasaMghanA vidvAna hatA. A saMgha karNATakamAM ja unnata sthitimAM hato. koMkanADu karNATaka ane cheka tAmilanADuno sImApradeza che. AthI te saMghano pUro prabhAva tenA para paDelo jaNAya che. keTalAka vidvAnono mata che, I. pamI ke 6ThThI sadInA gaMganareza durvinIte saMskRtamAM eka bRhatkathAnI racanA karI, jemAM anya "bRhatu kathA" graMthonI jema zaivadharmano 12 Education International

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa prabhAva bilakula na batAvatAM, jainadharmano utkarSa batAvavAmAM Avyo che. Ano ja anuvAda che koMkuveLirano A 'perumuthai." paraMtu A nirNaya nathI mAnI zakAto. tAmila racanAzailIono samAveza karIne kavie A kAvyamAM potAnI maulika pratibhAno sAro paricaya Apyo che. 162 A 'perukathai' kAvyano racanAkALa sAtamI sadI mAnavAmAM Ave che. 'udayakumA2kAvyam' nAmaka eka laghu kAvya maLe che je jaina kavinI racanA che. paraMtu te to bahu arvAcIna graMtha che. koMkuveLiranuM 'perum kayai' kAvya to tirumaMge AvAranI paNa pahelAMnuM hovuM joIe. 'maNimekhalai'nA racanAkALanI AsapAsa AnI paNa racanA thaI haze, evuM mAnI zakAya. AthI komaLa kAvyane sAtamI sadInuM ja mAnavuM yuktiyukta che. noMdha H durvinItanI bRhatkathA

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kAppiyam-2 jIvaka ciMtAmaNi A pAMca mahAkAvyomAMthI eka che je sarvasAdhAraNane ja nahi, ucca koTinA mahAkavione paNa mugdha karI cUkyuM che. prasiddha zaiva paMDita zaMkara namazivAyare lakhyuM che, 'upalabdha mahAkAvyomAM A sarvAMgasuMdara hovAne kAraNe, AnuM nAma 'ciMtAmaNi' ucita ja che.' paraMtu graMthanuM nAma, ciratanAyaka jIvakanA samaye tenI jananI rAjamahiSI dvArA kahevAmAM AvelAM 'cintAkhiye vittiyAy (tuM mane ciMtAmaNinI jema prApta thayo che)' vAkyanA AdhAre rAkhavAmAM Avela che. chatAM ukta vidvAnano abhimata paNa sArthaka che. 4. A kAvyane 'maNanUlazubhavivAha-graMtha' paNa kahe che. kAraNa e che ke AkhI kAvyakathA keTalIya vaivAhika ghaTanAo tathA AyojanAothI bharelI che. AnA sivAya caritanAyaka jIvakanA vidyAbhyAsane 'sarasvatI sAthe vivAha", yuddhamAM vijayI thavAnI ghaTanAne 'vijayazrInuM pANigrahaNa', rAjyAbhiSikta thavAne 'bhUmi sAthe pariNaya' ane mokSaprAptine 'muktidevI sAthe vivAha' A rIte pratyeka ghaTanAne kavi maMgala vivAha rUpe ja citrita kare che. A mahAkAvyanA raciyatA hatA suprasiddha jaina sAdhu tathA kavivara tiruttakka deva. - kAvyakathA sarayUnadInA taTavartI emAMgadam (hemAMgadam) dezanI rAjadhAnI rAjamApuram (rAjamahApuram)mAM rAjA sacaMdana (satsaMdhara)nuM zAsana hatuM. te potAnI rANI vijayAdevI sAthe kAmabhogamAM eTalo Asakta thaI gayo ke zAsanano badho bhAra mahAmaMtrI kaTTiyaMkAran (kASThAMkArika)ne soMpI dIdho. kuTilamati mahAmaMtrIe rAjAne chaLathI mArI rAjyanuM zAsana potAnA adhikAramAM karI lIdhuM. jyAre rAjA sacaMdananI pAse kAryaadhikAra na rahyo ane vipatti sAme AvI tyAre teNe potAnI mahiSIne eka mayUravimAna para besADI nagaranI bahAra mokalI dIdhI. te samaye te pUrNa garbhiNI hatI. duHkhAdhikyathI devI ardhamUcchita thaI gaI ane daiva yogathI mayUravimAna rAjadhAnInA sImAvartI smazAnamAM utarI gayuM. tyAM vijayAdevIne

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164 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa prasava pIDA thaI ane tatkAla ja eka sukumAra putraratnano janma thayo. smazAnanI adhiSThAtrI devIe svayaM eka sahelI rUpe AvI vijayAdevInI sahAyatA karI ane navajAta zizune koI bIjAne soMpavAnI salAha ApI. te samaye nagarano prasiddha vaNika kanjakaTana (gaMdhotkaTa) potAnA mRta zizuno dAhasaMskAra karavA mATe smazAnamAM Avyo. vijayAdevI potAnA zizune bhUmi para suvaDAvI eka jhADanI ADamAM chupAI gaI. vaNika khUba AnaMda sAthe te zizune laIne ghare gayo ane lokomAM kahyuM ke mAro mRta putra ja pharI jIvita thaI gayo che. paraMtu te to jANato ja hato ke smazAnamAM maLela zizu rAjA sayyadanano suputra hato. zizunA hAthamAM rAjamudrAMti vINI joIne tene A hakIkatanI jANa thayelI. zizune uThAvatI vakhate devavANI sAMbhaLavAmAM AvI, "jIva !" AthI vaNike te putranuM nAma jIvakanuM rAkhyuM ane khUba pyArathI tenuM lAlana-pAlana karyuM. A bAju jIvakanI jananI vijayAdevI tapasyA karavA cAlI gaI. jIvakanuM keTalIya vidyAomAM pAraMgata thayo. "accaraMdI (AryanandI) pAsethI te vidyAgrahaNa karato hato; eka divasa AcArye jIvakane tenA jIvananuM rahasya batAvI dIdhuM ane salAha paNa ApI ke eka varSa sudhI potAne prakaTa na kare. A daramiyAna rAjamApuramunA govALoe eka divasa potAnA zAsaka kathriyaMkAnunI pAse AvIne phariyAda karI, "mahArAja, amArI gAyone jaMgalanA bhIloe gherI lIdhI ane amane paNa mArIne bhagADI dIdhA. gAyone temanAthI choDAvI amArI rakSA karo." rAjAnA sainika bhIlonI sAme hArIne bhAgI AvyA. tyAre jIvakanuM svayaM potAnA sAthIo sAthe jaIne bhIlo pAsethI gAyo choDAvI lAvyo. tenI khyAti phelAI. pachI, nagaranA pradhAna zreSThI zrIdattanI pAlitA putrI gaMdharvadattAne vINAsvayaMvaramAM, yALu (vINA) - spardhAmAM parAjita karI ane te suMdarI sAthe jIvakano vidhivat vivAha thayo. guNamAlA nAmaka yuvatIne matta hAthInI lapeTathI bacAvavAne kAraNe, te paNa jIvakananI jIvanasaMginI banI. jIvakane sApanA savAthI mRtaprAya paddamottamAne jIvita karI dIdhI, upahArasvarUpa te suMdarI paNa jIvakanunI patnI thaI. A ja rIte kemacarI, kanakamAlA, vimalA, suramaMjarI ane lakSaNAdevI nAmaka suMdarIonI sAthe paNa jIvakanA vivAha thayA. potAnA mAmAjI tathA videha dezanA rAjA goviMdananI sahAyatAthI jIvakane kuTila maMtrI kathriyaMkArano vadha karI, potAnuM khovAyeluM rAjya pAchuM laI lIdhuM. janatAnA apAra AnaMda ane

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kAppiyama-2 satkAmanAnA sahAre jIvakane potAnI AThe rANIo sAthe sukhI jIvana vItAvyuM. tenA Adarza suzAsanamAM Akho deza susaMpanna banyo, janatAnA sukha-harSanuM to zuM kahevuM ? eka divasa jIvakan najIkanA tapovanamAM gayo. tyAM eka azokavRkSanI nIce be cAraNaRddhidhArI munio dhyAnastha UbhA hatA. jIvakane temanA caraNomAM praNAma karI muktiprAptinAM sAdhaka niyamAnuSThAnono upadeza ApavAnI prArthanA karI. temaNe vistArathI jaina dharmano tattvopadeza karyo ane batAvyuM ke jIvananuM mukhya dhyeya muktiprApti che. A badhuM grahaNa karI jIvakan mahelamAM AvI gayo ane potAnI ATha devIo samakSa dIkSA grahaNa karavAno vicAra prakaTa karyo. devIo paNa tenI sAthe saMnyAsa grahaNa karavA mATe taiyAra thaI gaI. 165 eka zubha divasa jIvakane potAnA ATha putrone pAse bolAvI temane zAsanano bhAra soMpyo tathA tapasyA mATe nIkaLI paDyo. jIvakanI AThe rANIo paNa potAnI sAsu sAdhvI vijayAdevInI sevAmAM cAlI gaI ane vidhivat dIkSA grahaNa karI tapasyAmAM lIna thaI gaI. jIvakane samavazaraNamAM jaI tIrthaMkara vardhamAnanA sAkSAt darzana karyAM ane sudharma nAmaka gaNadhara pAse sarvasaMga-parityAga karI vidhivat dIkSA grahaNa karI lIdhI. tadanaMtara teNe vipulagiri para ghora tapasyA karI. tapasyAnA prabhAvathI jIvakan potAnA karmabaMdhanathI mukta thaI gayo. kAvyanI vizeSatAo jIvakaciMtAmaNi kAvya racanAzilpa tathA rasavyaMjanAnI dRSTie tamila bhASAnuM anupama ane samuvala kaMThAbharaNa che. kavi tiruttakkadevar kAvyAraMbhe kramazaH deza, nagara, vIthI, mahela, nareza, mahiSI vagerenuM rocaka varNana kare che. jo ke A sthAno tathA pAtro kAlpanika ja che, to paNa tenA citraNamAM kavinI maulika pratibhA tathA Adarzonmukha preraNA spaSTa dekhAI paDe che. 'yuTopiyA' (Utopia) jevA kAlpanika AdarzadezanA rUpamAM ja A kAvyano emAMgadam (hemAMgada) deza paNa che. A ja kAvya zailInA anusaraNamAM paravartI kavioe nATTu paTalam (dezavarNanasarga), nagara-paTalam vagerenuM varNana karyuM che. sthAno uparAMta pAtrone paNa tAmila saMskRti tathA tAmila prakRtine anurUpa citrita karavAmAM kavie kyAMya paNa saMkoca nathI karyo. zuM prakRtivarNana, zuM premagAthA, zuM samaracitraNa, zuM rAjanaitika SaDyuMtrono ullekha, zuM nIrasa dhArmika

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166 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa tattvonuM vivecana - badhI jagyAe kavinI pratibhA unmukta rUpe prakaTa thaI che. 'kAvyaM yazase arthakRte vyavahAravide zivatarakSataye / sadyaH phala nirvRttaye kAntAsammitatayA 35zayuge " - A kAvyalakSaNanuM sAce ja koI sarvAgapUrNa kRtimAM darzana karavuM hoya, to te A ja mahAkAvya "jIvakaciMtAmaNi' che, je keTalAya mahAkavio mATe Adarza staMbha hato ane preraNAsrota paNa. ciMtAmaNi'no racanAkALa zravaNabelagolamAM prApta eka zilAlekhamAM keTalAka AcAryono ullekha maLe che. teo che mahApurANanA uttara bhAganA racayitA guNabhadra, temanI pachI ciMtAmaNi AcArya ane temanA paravartI zrIvartadava je "cULAmaNi (mUlagraMtha)nA racayitA hatA, vagere. AcArya guNabhadra to rASTrakUTa nareza akAlavarSanA samakAlIna hatA. akAlavarSa navamI sadInA aMte abhiSikta thayo. prastuta mahAkAvya "jIvakaciMtAmaNi'nA kavi potAnA nAmanA aMte "devarU' zabda joDatA hatA. AthI jANI zakAya che ke teo devagaNa"nA hatA je jaina drAviDasaMghano eka bhAga hato. kavinuM nAma tiruttaka devara' saMbhavataH eTalA mATe paDyuM ke teo drAviDa saMgha aMtargata devagaNanA hatA. ziraDu pAyiram' AmAM eka aMza Avo che, "vat rvavid pAmotripuTuMbU maiyara rIrti tirutta munivat " arthAt "prakhyAta vaMcideza (AjakAla kanvaranA nAmathI mazahura)nA nareza popyAmoni dvArA abhinaMdita ane mAnyavara tiruttakka munivanuM (muni). keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke A popyAmoLi "satyavAphano anuvAda hoI zake che. ItihAsathI khabara paDe che ke satyavAka nAmaka gaMganareza dasamI sadInA pahelA bhAgamAM zAsanArUDha hato. teNe "vaLiLa male" (rajata giri) para eka jinamaMdira Ubhu karyuM hatuM. vaMci pradeza, je karuvra nAme prasiddha che, te cola ane cera rAjyonA sammilita bhAgane kahe che. "vaMci'no bIjo artha che samarayAtrA (caDAI). viziSTa yuddha-kauzalane kAraNe paNa saMbhava che ke ukta gaMganarezane 1. "ziraDu pAyira' te padyane kahevAmAM Ave che, je graMthakAranA guru, sahapAThIo, yogya ziSyo tathA nipuNa vyAkhyAkAro - AmAMnA koI eka dvArA graMtha ane graMthakAra vize racavAmAM Ave che. temAM graMtha tathA graMthakArano saMkSipta paricaya hoya che.

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kAppiyama-2 'vapukaL vaMci' (samara yAtrAmAM dakSa)nI upAdhi maLI hoya. AthI prastuta mahAkAvya 'jIvakaciMtAmaNi'ne navamI sadInI racanA mAnI zakAya. dasamI sadInA chaMdazAstra 'yAugalavRddhi'mAM A kAvyanA uddharaNo maLe che. AthI Ane dasamI sadI pahelAMnI racanA mAnavAmAM koI Apatti nathI. naccinAkiniyare potAnI vyAkhyAmAM tiruttakka devarnA kuLa vize ema saMketa Apyo che, ".... munnIr vataMtta (coLakuLarUpI sAgaramAM utpanna uttama zaMkha che A kavi)." AthI jANa thAya che ke teo coLakulabhUSaNa hatA. pAraMparika anuzruti paNa A vAtanuM samarthana kare che. arigjhayan ciratanAyaka jIvakanI mAtA vijayAdevInA mahimAmAM kavivare lakhyuM che "azaivilAp puravi veLLattu ariJjayan kulattuL tonDri vazaiyilA varattin vaMdAL...' (ciMtAmaNi-201.) arthAt "atyAdhika azvasamUhanA svAmI vIrazreSTha ariMjayanA kuLamAM janmI ane pavitra varadAna rUpe AvI A vijayAdevI.' - 167 arigjhayan colarAjAonI upAdhi che. arIn (zatruone) nayati kRti (harAvI de che A kAraNathI) A 'arigjhaya' nAma paDyuM. Ane ja 'arindama' paNa kahe che, je vyavahAramAM hatuM. 'akuilakesarI' (zatrusamUha mATe siMha) paNa colonuM upAdhinAma hatuM. prathama vikhyAta colanareza arigjhayanne eka putrI hatI jenuM nAma 'arigjhakai pirATTi hatuM. ItihAsa sAkSI che ke arigjhayananA putra colAdhIza rAjarAjane potAnA pitAjInI smRtimAM 'arigjhayezvaram' nAmaka moTA maMdiranuM nirmANa karAvyuM hatuM ane tenA nAma para 'arinda' (ke arigsa) maMgalam' nAmaka nagara paNa vasAvyuM hatuM. tenI pachI 'arigmaya' nAmano bIjo koI cola nareza nathI thayo. teno samaya dasamI zatAbdI hato. 'arijraya, arindaman ane arikulakesarI' nAma lokone athavA svayaM rAjAne khUba pasaMda AvyAM haze; AthI tAmila nAmone choDI, te nAmothI te prakhyAta thayo. te parAntakan (prathama)no putra hato ane AdityacoLan (prathama)no pautra hato. tenA ane tenA pUrvajonA zAsanakALamAM vIratA, yuddhakuzaLatA vagerenI pradhAnatA rahI che. temanA pUrvaja vijayAlaya coLanI vIratA ane zUratAnuM varNana karatAM ItihAsakAroe kavivarNanane sAdara uddhRta karyuM che, 'tame potAnA vakSasthaLamAM 96 (channu) vraNacihnothI vibhUSita -- -

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168 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa cho je ApanI vipula vijayavaijayaMtInA uttama ghotaka che." colAdhIza arijayananA pazcAtuvartI rAjAone "uttamazIlI', "uttamanu" vagere upAdhio maLI. pachInA rAjarAjanuM sAthe "cakravartI", "sArvabhauma' vagere bhAvonA upanAma joDavAmAM AvyA hatA. paraMtu, kavivara tiruttakka devare vijayAdevInA pitA rUpe je "arijayanu'nI carcA karI che, te to videhanareza hato. videho ane colomAM kyAre vaivAhika saMbaMdha sthApita thayo e jJAta nathI. ema paNa zakya che ke mUla graMthanAM nAma choDIne tamilanADumAM supracalita nAmane kavie apanAvI lIdhuM hoya ane svayaM colakulasaMtAna hovAne kAraNe, potAnA sammAnanIya pUrvajanuM nAma rAkhavAmAM gauravano anubhava karyo hoya. kAvyano uddezya ane saMketa : kavi colakuLanA hatA, AthI temanA manamAM cola sAmrAjyanuM bhAvi ke vartamAna rUpa sAkAra thayuM haze. potAnI IcchA ke kalpanAne rUpa ApavA mATe ja jaina purANAMtargata jIvananI kathAne kavie kAvyano viSaya banAvI dIdho. jema viravara jIvakane keTalAya rAjaparivAro sAthe saMbaMdha sthApita karI potAne mahAbalI banAvI dIdho, tevI ja rIte colarAjAoe paNa rAjaparivAro sAthe vaivAhika saMbaMdha sthApita karavo ucita che - A Azayane kavivare potAnA kAvyamAM AdithI aMta sudhI vyakta karyo che. AnuM ja pariNAma ke prabhAva che ke colanarezoe AsapAsanA pallava, A% vagere anya rAjakulo sAthe vaivAhika saMbaMdha joDI dIdho hato. atyAdhika kAmazaktine kAraNe jema sacaeNdana (satyantara)nAM rAjyanI ane suzAsananI durgati thaI, tevI ja rIte potAnA samayamAM colonI sthiti paNa avanata hatI. saMbhavataH temane jAgRta karavA mATe ja kavine AvA prabhAvazALI graMthanI racanA karavAnI aMta:preraNA thaI. colanarezanuM "cakravartI banavAnuM je svama kavie potAnI racanAmAM joyuM. te pachIthI rAjendra colananA samayamAM sAkAra thayuM. sahuthI moTI vizeSatA A kAvyanI e che ke lokonA manamAM jaina dharma mAtra vairAgya, 1. tAmilamAM viteya' zabda ApavAmAM Avyo che, tenuM mULa rUpa videza ke videha hoI zake.

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kAppiyama-2 saMnyAsa, tapasyA vagereno ja poSaka hovAnI je dhAraNA hatI, tene badalI 'laukika AnaMda levA chatAM paNa, bhoga-upabhogomAM nimagna hovA chatAM paNa jaina dharmanA sahAre mukti-prApti sahaja saMbhava che' A dhAraNAne sthira karI dIdhI. AthI bhAvuka kavivare, je pote sarvasAmAnya saMnyAsI sAdhu hatA, A AkhA kAvyane 'vaivAhika graMtha' ja banAvI dIdho. - A kAvyano mukhya saMdeza ahiMsA dharmanuM samarthana che. gAyone jaMgalI bhIlothI choDAvavAnA prasaMgamAM jIvakane sAcA ahiMsakano paricaya karAvyo. joke aMte kuTila ane krUra amAtya kaTTiyaMkAran (kAThAMkArika)nI hatyA thAya che, chatAMpaNa rAjanItinI dRSTie te zatruvadha nyAyya ja mAnavAmAM Ave che. kavivare sAcA ahiMsaka sAmrAjyanuM citraNa karyuM che. zAsana rIti, prajApAlana vagere badhA prakAranA rAjakAryomAM ahiMsA ane snehanI ja pradhAnatA batAvavAmAM AvI che. kavivara tiruttakka devarnI jema Adarza sAmrAjyanuM sapanuM ochA ja kavioe joyuM ane tenuM varNana karyuM ane koIe karyuM hoya, to paNa tenI pachI ja. temAM jainadharmane garva karavAno adhikAra che ja; chatAMpaNa kavivaranI maulika pratibhAnI paNa prazaMsA karavI ja paDaze. 199 cULANi mahAkAvya 'jIvaka ciMtAmaNi'nA prakaraNamAM pahelAM darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke zravaNabelagolathI prApta zilAlekhamAM 'cULAmaNi'nA raciyatAnuM nAma 'vardhamAna devara' maLe che. paraMtu tAmilamAM A nAma nathI maLatuM; tAmilanuM rUpa che, 'tolA moLAttevara'. keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke te lekhakanuM bIjuM nAma hoI zake che. te paNa vivAdAspada che ke zravaNabelagolanA zilAlekhamAM je 'cUlAmaNi' graMthano ullekha che, te tAmila kAvyano che ke bIjAno. AthI tenA AdhAre A tAmila kAvyano kAlanirNaya karavo yogya nahi hoya. 'cULAmaNi'nA upodghAta padya 'pAyaram'mAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke caMdana nAmaka tAmila premI narezanI sabhAmAM A graMtha prathama vAra prakAzita karavAmAM Avyo. 1 1. koI graMthane prathamavAra sabhAmAM prakAzita karavAne tAmilamAM 'araMgeTram' (samAroha) kahevAmAM Ave che. te sabhAmAM moTA moTA samAlocaka vidvAno hovAnA. temanI svIkRti ane anumodana prApta karyA pachI ja te graMtha janatA dvArA Adara pAme che.

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170 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa rAjA candana vize varNana che, "vendraguma tUmAna timichina jhiva', arthAt cenjana nAmaka rAjakulabhUSaNa ane tAmila-premI. 'tAmila-premI'nA viziSTa vizeSaNane kAraNe A rAjA pAMDyavaMzI hoI zake che. A vizeSaNa ghaNuM karI pAMDya rAjAonuM ja che ane "cenjana" nAma mAtra pAMDyonA mATe vyavahata thayuM che. sAtamI sadInA pUrva bhAgamAM "jayantavarmanuM avani cULAmaNi mAravarmanuM nAmaka pAMDyanareza thaI gayo hato, je prasiddha kUnuM pAMDyanuno pitA hato. A aitihAsika AdhAre keTalAka vidvAna mAne che ke "cULAmaNi pAMDya rAjAnA nAma para racAyela hovuM joIe. A jotAM teno racanAkALa sAtamI sadI mAnavo ucita thaze. che paraMtu mayirlaeNnAthara vagere vyAkhyAkArono mata che ke potAnI utkRSTatAne kAraNe ja graMthanuM nAma "cULAmaNi' (cUDAmaNi) paDyuM, je sArthaka paNa che. taduparAMta A kAvyanA caritanAyaka tiviTTana (tripRSTha)nA pitA payApati (prajApati)nI, aMte "cULAmaNi (cUDAmaNi - jevA sarvavaMdya tathA sarvazreSTha) kahIne prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. kavinuM ja vAkya juo, "dina muDalo pUbaLa mAnAna; arthAt jagatanA mastaka mATe (te rAjA payApati) vastutaH cULAmaNi (uttama aMganuM uttama AbhUSaNa) banI gayA." A ja maMgalavAkya sAthe kAvya samApta thAya che. kavie A kAvyamAM eka sthAne ratnapallava nagarane paNa "cUDAmaNi' kahyuM che ane rAjAnuM nAma paNa "cULAmaNi" lakhyuM che. caritanAyaka tiviTTananA mastakanI kAMtinuM varNana karatI vakhate paNa temaNe "cULAmaNi'no upayoga karyo che. AthI kavino priyatama zabda je kAvyanI aMdara vAraMvAra prayukta thayo che, te mahAkAvyanuM paNa zIrSaka banI gayo che. eka "tanippADal" (phuTakaLa padya)mAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke vijayanuM kAraveTTi areyanI abhyarthanAthI tolAmoni devare "cUlAmaNi' kAvyanI racanA karI hatI. kAraveTTi zabda "kADa veTTi (jaMgalano nAza karanAra)nuM apabhraMza-rUpa che. A nAma pallavanarezonI upAdhinuM sUcaka che. A nAmamAM, 'vijayanuM' zabda tenuM nAma na hotAM, "jItanAra'nA arthamAM prayukta thayela lAge che. tyAre pUrvokta "pAyirama" (prAraMbhika paricAyaka padya)mAM varNita cenjane ja te nAmathI nirdiSTa karavAmAM Avela hoI zake che, "tamiLanuM kigavan" (tAmilano premI ke abhibhAvaka) zabda

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kAppiyam-2 mAtra pAMDyanarezano ja nirdezaka che, evI vAta nathI. 'cendan divAkaram' graMthanI racanA mATe samucita protsAhana tathA sahayoga eka pallavanareze Apyo hato. te ja rIte 'cULAmaNi'nA praNayana mATe paNa, utpreraka tathA sahAyaka banavAnuM gaurava koI pallavanarezane maLI zake. AthI saMbhava che ke zravaNabelagolathI prApta zilAlekhamAM je graMthano ullekha che, te tAmila kAvya cULAmaNi' ja hoya. pUrvokta 'tanippADala' (phuTakaLa pagha)mAM caLAmaNinA kavi tolAmoLi devane dharmatIrthanA zrIcaraNasevI batAvavAmAM AvyA che, A uparathI evo nirNaya ka2vo ucita lAge che ke sAtamI ane navamI zatAbdIo vacce 'cULAmaNi'nI racanA thaI. dasamI sadInI chaMdaracanA 'yA`DuMgalavRtti'nI vyAkhyAmAM 'cULAmaNi'nAM padya udbhuta che. AthI e cokkasa che ke dasamI zatAbdInI pahelAM ja 'cULAmaNi'nuM praNayana thaI cUkyuM hatuM tathA te prasiddha paNa thaI gayo hato. 'cULAmaNi'nI vizetAo A kAvyakathA 'zrIpurANam'mAMthI levAmAM AvI che. AcArya guNabhadre saMskRtamAM zrIpurANam (uttarapurANa)nI racanA karI che. te kathA samAdata thaI. tAmilanI uccAraNa tathA prayoga-paraMparA anusAra nAmonuM rUpaparivartana thayuM che paraMtu evo paNa saMbhava che ke kAvyapAtro ane sthAnonAM nAmonAM rUponAM parivartanamAM mULa nAmono sahAro levAmAM Avyo hoya. udAharaNArtha kAvyapAtronA nAma juoH mahArAja payApati (prajApati), mahArANI migAvatI (mRgAvatI), rAjakumAra tiviTTan (tripRSTha), sayaMpavai (svayaMprabhA) vagere. sthAnonAM nAmo che * suramai (suramya deza), puSamAkaraNDam (puSpamahAkaraNDam) puSpavATikA vagere. - kathAvastu 171 -- rAjA payApati (prajApati)nA baMne putra tividyan (tripRSTha) ane vijayan baMnee vidyAdhara-cakravartI azvakaMThanI adhInatA svIkArI nahi. AthI azvakaMThe potAnA eka vIrane ema AjJA ApI bhUlokamAM mokalyo ke te rAjakumAronI hatyA karI nAkha. te vidyAdhara vIra siMhanuM rUpa dhAraNa karI rAjadhAnI tarapha garjanA karato Avyo. A vAta sAMbhaLI vIrava2 tiviTTan svayaM lalakArato bahAra Avyo. tenI saMtrAsaka mUrti joI siMharUpI vidyAdhara bhayakaMpita thaI nikaTavartI guphAnI aMdara ghusI gayo, jyAM eka vAstavika siMha pahelAMthI sUI rahyo hato. tiviTTan

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172 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa vidyAdhara siMhano pIcho karato te guphA sudhI pahoMcI gayo. rAjakumAranI garjanA sAMbhaLI tandrAyukta siMha bahAra nIkaLyo ane tiviTTanuM para kUdyo. baMnemAM ghamasANa dvanda cheDAI gayuM ane tiviTTane te siMhanuM moM phADI mArI nAkhyo. rAjakumAranuM parAkrama joI, bIjA vidyAdhara nareza javalanajIe potAnI putrI svayaMprabhAno tenI sAthe vivAha karI dIdho. A jANI azvakaMTha khUba krodhita thayo ane potAnI vipula senA sAthe tiviTTanuM sAthe laDavA Avyo. baMne pakSomAM ghamasANa yuddha thayuM. aMte taviTTananA hAthe azvakaMThano vadha thayo. rAjyamAM yuvarAja-pada para abhiSikta thayA pachI tiviTTanuM "koTikuru' nAmaka pahADane hAthathI UMcakI levAnA prasaMgathI vAsudevanuM nAme prasiddha thayo. tenI putrI cotimAle (jyotimAlA)e potAnA mAmAnA putra amudasenanuM (amRtasena)ne svayaMvaramAM mALA paherAvI pati rUpe varI lIdho. te ja svayaMvaramAM tiviTTanunA putra vijayanuM ane tenA mAmAnI dIkarI - baMneno vivAha thayo. aMte mahArAja pApatie dIkSA grahaNa karI tapasyA karI ane karmanirjarA karI kaivalyapada prApta karyuM. kAvyAMte kavi kahe che, "kAladeva ane kAmadeva baMne para vijaya meLavI mahArAja pApatie kaivalyajJAna prApta karI lIdhuM. temanI sAdhanAkIrti samasta dizAomAM phelAI gaI. vastutaH potAnA jJAnanI prabhAthI teo samasta jagata mATe samuvala "cULAmaNi' (cUDAmaNi) banI gayA." A kathAne khUba madhura zabdomAM kavivara tolAmoni devare zaNagArI che. rAjanaitika vAto, zAsananAM vidhi-vidhAna, dUta-saMdezanI rIto, janatAnA tahevAra ane vyavahAra, amAtyonI maMtraNA-sabhA, svayaMvara, mAyAvI yuddha vagere rocaka viSayono samAveza karI A komaLa kAvyanuM praNayana karavAmAM AvyuM che. tAmila kAvya paraMparA anusAra aitirNa (pAMca prakAranA pradeza)no paricaya ane dezanagarAdinuM varNana karavA chatAM paNa, saMskRta kAvya-paraMparAno nirvAha paryApta mAtrAmAM thayo che. prasiddha zaivasaMta purANanA racayitA labdhapratiSTha kavi zrI zekkinAre cULAmaNi' kAvyanI zailI potAnA graMtha mATe apanAvI che. viSNunA avatAra kaNanuM (kaSNa)nI kathA ane temanI upAsanA tAmilanADumAM khUba pracalita thaI. janamanahAriNI te bhaktidhArA mukhyatve pallavonA zAsanakALamAM pravAhita hatI. te ja samaye keTalAya vaiSNava kavioe kRSNa saMbaMdhI aneka gIta tathA prabaMdha-kAvyo vagere racyAM. vaiSNavetara kavio paNa te sAhitya-paraMparAnA

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kAppiyam-2 173 athavA te mohaka kAvya-pravAhanA anuyAyI banyA. temAM prAkRta kAvya "cULAmaNi'nA racayitA tolAmoli devas agragaNya jaNAya che. cULAmaNi kAvyano koI mahAna udezya ke ucca Adarza na hato. mAtra rAjA payApati (prajApati)ne jagadvanda tathA khyAti ane samAdara prApta "cUDAmaNi' rUpe citrita karavo e ja kavino mukhya uddeza rahyo che. kAvyanA aMte joke payApatino utkarSa dekhADavAmAM Avyo che, to paNa AkhA kAvyamAM tenA kaniSTha putra tiviTTanuM (tripRSTha)nuM caritra-citraNa ja kAvyanI gati tathA sauMdaryanuM paricAyaka che. samagra kAvyamAMthI e ja bhAva utpanna thAya che ke tiviTTanuM AgaLa pApatinuM astitva phIkuM paDI jAya che. chatAM paNa, kRSNa samA tiviTTanuM jevA mahimAvAnuM tathA prabhAvazALI putranA pitA hovAnuM gaurava rAjA payApatine cokkasa prApta thAya che. kavinI madhura vANInA prabhAvathI A nAnI-moTI truTio, je mULa kathAnA pravAhamAM AvI gaI, luptaprAya thaI jAya che. saMskRtanA zabdo, vAkyavinyAsa tathA bhAvo maLI AvavA chatAM paNa, tAmilanI madhurimAnA prabhAva AgaLa te badhuM tirohita thaI jAya che. perum kAppiyaMgaLa (paMca mahAkAvyo)nA nAma che, zilappadhikAram, jIvakaciMtAmaNi, maNimekhale, vauyApati ane kuMDalakezI. AmAM zilappadhikAram, ciMtAmaNi ane vauyApati - traNe jaina kAvya che. anya baMne bauddha kAvya che. aiciru kAppiyaMgaLu' (paMca laghukAvyo) rUpe cUDAmaNi, nIlakezI, yazodharakAvya, udayaNakumAra kAvya ane nAgakumAra kAvya mAnavAmAM Ave che. AmAM "cULAmaNi choDIne anya graMtho saphaLa kAvya nathI kahI zakAtA. "nIlakezI' vize pahelAM ja varNana karavAmAM AvI gayuM che. "udayaNa kumAra kAvya' bRhatkathA nathI. te mAtra 367 padyovALI racanA che. nAgakumAra kAvya to nAmamAtranuM che. "aiperuskAppiyam'nuM nAmavibhAjane prasiddha tAmila vidvAn mayilenAtharanA samayamAM ja (13-14mI sadI) thaI cUkyuM hatuM. A ja samaye "aicikakAppiyamuno paNa nAmanirdeza thayo haze. chatAM paNa, "cULAmaNi' kAvyalakSaNa tathA racanAzilpanI dRSTie mahAkAvyonI koTimAM mUkavA yogya che. mahAkAvya (perum kAppiyam)nAM lakSaNa batAvatAM vidvAnoe lakhyuM che ke dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa - A cAre puruSArthonuM samagra varNana jemAM karavAmAM Ave che, te mahAkAvya che ane temAM eka-benI nyUnatA hoya, to te "cirakAppiyam' (laghukAvya)nI koTimAM Ave che. AthI A dRSTie paNa

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174 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa cULAmaNi cAre puruSArthonuM varNana karatuM hovAne kAraNe mahAkAvyanI ja zreNImAM Ave che. laghukAvya : yazodhara kAvya pUrvokta paMca laghu kAvyo (jene rasakAvya paNa kahI zakAya)mAM yazodharakAvya paNa eka che. temAM kula 330 padya che. sukarma-duSkarmanA pariNAmone prakaTa karavA tathA " : svachUtamatra ne mute ?" (kaI vyakti A jagatamAM potAnAM karela karmanuM phaLa nathI bhogavatI ?)nI vAstavikatAnuM samarthana ja A kAvyanI mukhya kathA che. kAvyakathA saMkSepamAM A mujaba che : udaya dezano nareza mAridattanuM caMDamArI (caMDikA jevI balipriyA devI)ne bali dvArA prasanna karavA mATe yugala (bhAI-bhAI, bhAI-bahena vagerenI joDI)nI zodha karI rahyo hato. saMyogavaza tenA karmacArIonI dRSTimAM yuvAna jaina sAdhu ayariSi ane tenI bahena abhayamati baMne paDI gayA. bicArA bhAI-bahena paMcaparameSThInuM smaraNa karatAM bali thavA taiyAra thayA. temanI prasanna tathA gaMbhIra mukhAkRti joI rAjA mAridattanuM vismayAbhibhUta thayo. teNe temanI te moharahita tathA nirlipta tyAga bhAvanAnuM kAraNa pUchyuM, to yuvaka sAdhavare rAjAne jaina tattvothI avagata karAvyo. saMkSepamAM te pUrvajanmano vRttAMta A mujaba hato - "azoka nAmaka rAjA ghaDapaNane kAraNe potAnA sapheda vALa joIne sAMsArika sukha-bhogathI virakta thayo ane teNe saMnyAsa grahaNa karI lIdho. teno putra yazodharanuM potAnI patnI amRtagati sAthe rAjagAdI para beTho. tenA rAjyamAM paMganuM (aSTabhaMga) nAmaka eka hAthIvAna (mahAvato hato, jeno svara khUba madhura hato tathA te uttama saMgItajJa hato. mahArANI amRtamatie eka divasa tene gAtAM sAMbhaLyo ane najIka jaIne joyo. rANInuM mata te mahAvata para rIjhuyuM ane baMneno saMsarga divase divase vadhavA lAgyo. A baMnenA pArasparika premanI khabara jyAre rAjA yazodharane paDI to te khUba duHkhI thayo ane virakta thaI saMnyAsa levAno vicAra karyo. rAjamAtAne A vAtanI khabara paDI to teNe putra yazodharane salAha ApI ke caMDamArI devIne bali caDhAvavAmAM Ave to badhu amaMgaLa dUra thaI zake che. rAjA yazodharanuM ahiMsApremI hato, AthI loTano kUkaDo banAvI bali mATe tene mAravAnI yukti karI. paraMtu balikarma pachI te loTano kUkaDo jIvita thaI uThyo ane be TukaDA rUpe ja kaNasato karuNa ThaMdana karato rahyo. A daramiyAna, rANI amRtamatie bhojanamAM

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kAppiyamu-ra 175 viSa meLavI rAjA ane rAjamAtA (sAsu) baMnene mArI nAkhyA. te baMne keTalAya janmo sudhI pazu rUpe bhUmi para utpanna thatA rahyA ane aMte kUkaDA-kUkaDI rUpe jamyA. te samaye yazodharanuno putra yazomati zAsaka hato. eka jaina munie tenA pUrva janmano vRttAMta batAvyo. vyAkuLacitta yazomati mana bahelAvavAnA hetuthI zikAra karavA vanamAM gayo ane tyAM munivara (jaina sAdhu) sudattanA sAnnidhyamAM temanA upadezothI mukti prApta karI. tene eka putra ane putrI hatA. te ja kramazaH yazodharanuM ane tenI mAtA hatA, je te yazomatinA pitA ane dAdI hatA." have udAya dezanA nareza mAridattane jJAna thaI gayuM ke te baMne tenA pitA ane phaI che, ane dAdA ane paradAdI paNa che. tyAre bali caDhAvavAno vicAra choDI, te yuvaka sAdhu ane tenI bahenane AdarapUrvaka mukta karyA. tadanaMtara mAridattanuM saMnyAsa grahaNa karI, tapasyA karI muktino adhikArI banyo.. mULa racanA dasamI sadImAM A yazodhara kathA lokapriya thaI. somadevasUri, vAdirAjasUri, puSpadaMta vagere jaina kavioe te kathAne potAnI saMskRta racanAono viSaya banAvI dIdhI. eka padyathI khabara paDe che ke puSpadaMte racela saMskRta racanAnA AdhAre ja prastuta tAmila kAvya "yazodharakAviyam' lakhavAmAM Avela hatuM ane tenA racayitAnuM nAma hatuM "veNuNAvalupaiyAra veLu'. joke temanI racanAno srota saMskRta graMtha rahyo, chatAM potAnI viziSTa maulikatAthI kavie kAvyanA samasta aMgone paripuSTa karyA che. jainadharma anusAra saMgIta kAmavAsanA ke AsaktinuM kAraNa che. A dRSTie kavie A kAvyamAM eka mahAvatane gAyaka rUpe prastuta karyo che ane mahArANIne tenI para mohita batAvI ema sAbita karyuM ke saMgIta Asaktino hetu che. kAvyavarNana anusAra, mahAvate je rAgamAM gIta gAyuM hatuM, tenuM nAma "mAlavapaMcama' hatuM. A "paNa" (rAga)no ullekha mAtra traNaso varSa pUrvanA graMthomAM ja maLe che, tenI pahelAMnA graMthomAM nathI maLato. vidvAnono mata che ke A graMtha saMbhavata: vijayanagara sAmrAjayanA samayamAM racavAmAM Avyo che.

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176 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa laghukAvya : zAMtipurANam ane nAradacaritai purariTTa' nAmaka phuTakaLa padyono eka saMgrahagraMtha cAraso-pAMcaso varSa pUrve saMkalita karavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM "zAntipurANam" ane "nAradacaritai'nAmaka be jaina graMthonAM keTalAMka padyo maLe che. je padyo "zAnti-purANanA nAme nirdiSTa che, temAMnA be merumandarapurANam (jena tAmila purANagraMtha)mAM paNa che. saMbhava che ke "merumandara purANam'nA racayitA e pUrvavartI jainamatAnuyAyI kavinA padyone Adaravaza potAnI racanAmAM yathAvat sthAna ApyuM hoya. zAntipurANam' graMtha navamI sadImAM kannaDamAM racavAmAM Avyo, jemAM soLamA tIrthaMkara zAntinAthanuM caritra che. A ja rIte tAmilamAM paNa thayuM haze. "nAradapurANammAM eka ahiMsopAsaka narezanI kathA che, je hatyA ke hiMsAnuM nAma suddhAM na leto hato. temAM saMnyAsa ane tapasyAnA prabhAvanuM vizada varNana che. zrIpurANamAM nArada ane parvatanI prasiddha kathA che, tenA ja AdhAre A graMtha paNa racavAmAM Avyo che. laghukAvya : merumaMdara purANam dhyAna ApavA yogya che ke "nIlakezI' kAvyanA vyAkhyAkAra vAmanamunie "meramandara purANam' nAmaka kAvyanI racanA karI che. teo soLamI sadInA hatA. kAvyakathA vaijayantanuM ane tenA be bhAI jayantanuM tathA sajayantanuM traNe "suyaMbhu' (svayaMbhU) tIrthaMkaranA sadupadezathI muni banI gayA. vaijayantam traNe loka mATe suvanda cUDAmaNi' banI jAya che. temanA bhAI saMjayantamuni potAne satAvanAra eka vidyAdharane udAratApUrvaka kSamA ApI de che. temanI A Adarza zAMta prakRtie temane paNa sarvavanya banAvyA. temanA bhAI jayantanuM vidyAdharanA atikramaNathI thaI uThyA. te samaye adhyApanuM nAmaka sAdhue pUrvajanmavRttAntothI jayantane avagata karAvyA. te vRttAnta A mujaba che - bhadra mitranuM nAmaka vaNika (zreSThI) potAnI cirasaMcita saMpatti gupta rUpe eka maMtrI pAse thApaNa rUpe rAkhI videza gayo ane pAchA AvatAM jyAre teNe potAnA mitra maMtrI pAse potAnI thApaNa pAchI mAgI, to maMtrIe Azcarya prakaTa karyuM ke tuM zuM koI nazo karIne Avyo che ? A apratyAzita pravacanAthI kSubdha thaI bhadramitranuM zora macAvavA lAgyo. tenI uttejanA ane Akrozano maMtrIe lAbha

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kAppiyam-2 177 uThAvyo ane loko samakSa ema sAbita karavuM tenA mATe saraLa thaI gayuM ke te vaNika pAgala che, eTalA mATe Ama karI rahyo che. aMte mahArANIne satyanI khabara paDI gaI. duSkarmanuM phaLa samajo ke maMtrInuM akALe mRtyu thaI jAya che ane te sApa rUpe utpanna thAya che. vaNika bhadramitranuM jainamuninA dharmopadezathI dharmArAdhanamAM zraddhApUrvaka tatpara thayo. potAnA putranI A sthitithI asaMtuSTa thaI vaNika-mAtA AtmahatyA karI le che ane vAghaNa rUpe utpanna thAya che. vaNika potAnA sahaja mRtyu pachI mahArANInA garbhathI janmyo. A bAju maMtrIno jIva, je sarpayonimAM janmyo hato, tenA DasavAthI mahArAjAnuM mRtyu thaI gayuM ane sApa paNa tatkALa marI gayo. teNe pharI eka jAnavara rUpe janma lIdho. rAjA paNa marI hAthI banyo. rAjakumAra rUpe janmelo vaNika bhadramitranuM dharmopadeza sAMbhaLI tapasyAnA prabhAvathI cAraNaRddhidhArI muni thayo. hAthI rUpe janmelA rAjAne sAparUpI maMtrI pharI DasI le che. rAjA janmabaMdhanathI sadA mATe chUTI jAya che....... A rIte eka ja vyaktinA vividha janmonuM varNana A purANamumAM che. A badhAne aMte svarga ke mokSa maLI jAya che. kathAraMbhe batAvavAmAM Avela vidyAdhara ja, jeNe sAdhuvara saMjayanta munine kaSTa Apyu hatu, maMtrI ane sApa rUpe janmato rahyo. potAnI janma paraMparAno vRttAMta sAMbhaLI te durmati vidyAdhara paNa sagati prApta karavA mATe tapasyA karavA lAgyo. jayantanuM ane tenI mAtA, baMne ja vaNika bhadramitranuM ane tenI mA rUpe janmyA hatA, pachI meru tathA mandaram nAme rAjakumAro rUpe avataryA. pachI tapasyAsAdhanA karI prabhunA samavasaraNamAM pahoMcI gayA. A mujaba sukarma ane duSkarmanA phaLAphaLonI zRMkhalAbaddha pAraMparika anugatine vividha vRttAnto dvArA vyakta karavI e ja A jainagraMtha "merumaMdara purANamuno viSaya che. . A graMthanA racayitA vAmanamuni tAmila ane saMskRta baMne bhASAonA prakAMDa paMDita hatA. A graMthamAM kula 1405 pradya che. A graMthanA be padya "zAntipurANanAM padya tarIke "puratirakmAM saMkalita che. zakya che, potAnA pUrvavartI graMthakAronAM pone ? vAmanamunie yathAvat uddhata karyA hoya. jaina-sAdhvI kavayitrIo 1. kavRttI jaina sAdhvIone "kuratihaLu' kahevAmAM Ave che. prAcIna abhilekhomAM tathA vAdhayamAM paNa A ja nAma maLe che. sAthe ja "AriyAMganaihaLu' (ArNikAo)

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 'iyakkit' (yakSiNIo) ane 'kavuttihabU' vagere nAma paNa pracalita che. 'zilappadhikAram'nAM pramukha nArI pAtra jainasAdhvI kavunnI aDahaT (sAdhvI)no ullekha te kAvyaprasaMgamAM thayo ja che. 'jIvakaciMtAmaNi'mAM upalabdha prasiddha pagho vize, tenA vyAkhyAkAra naccinAkiniyare lakhyuM che ke A badhA 'kavuttiyAra pADav' arthAt kavuntIjInAM padya che. naccinAkiniyaranA samayanI pahelAM ja (I.caudamI sadI pahelAM) A padyo te kAvyamAM sthAna meLavI cUkyA haze. te komaLa mahAkAvyane anurUpa, te ja stara 52 kAvyasRjananI yogyatA te sAdhvI kavayatrImAM hatI. 2. advai 178 sAdhvIo tathA saMnyAsinIone avai paNa kahevAmAM AvatI hatI. 'jIvakaciMtAmaNi'mAM A zabdano prayoga vAraMvAra thayo che. tAmila sAhityamAM, je 'abaiyAra pADavhal' (abaiyAranAM padya)nA nAme maLe che, te sAdhvIonAM racela padyo hovA joIe. gaganacArI jaina sAdhuonI jema, sAdhvIo paNa dezATana karatI karatI dharmano pracAra karatI rahetI hatI. anyanAma A sivAya, bIjI paNa aneka sAdhvI kaviyatrIo thaI haze. temano spaSTa ullekha prApta thato nathI. zilAlekhomAM, pitivi viTaMga kutti (356 1909), ane guNakIrti bhaTArakara (bhaTTAraka)nI chAtrA 'kanaka vIra kuttiyAra baMne kavayitrIonA nAmo maLe che. colAdhIza zrI maddurai koNDa ko52keri varmannA zAsanakALamAM ariSTanemI paTArar (bhaTTAraka) nAmaka jainamahApaMDita hatA. temanI eka ziSyA hatI paTTiNI kuritta, je sArI kavayitrI hatI. strI pAThazALA ane kUpa vize eka zilAlekhamAM ullekha che. A sivAya zrI mi%0 kuratti, zirivizai 1. pRthivI viTaMka gurvInuM apabhraMza rUpa che. tAmilamAM gurune 'kuravar' kahe che ane teno stravAcI zabda che 'kutti'. AcAryA, upadezikA, adhyApikA, sAdhvI, viduSI vagere arthomAM 'kutti'no prayoga thato. AthI tene guru (kuruvar)no strIvAcI zabda mAnI zakAya. paraMtu mukhyatve je rIte sAdhu-saMto mATe 'kuruvar' zabda vaparAya che te rIte sAdhvI ane saMnyAsinInA arthamAM ja 'kutti'no prayoga thAya che. 2. 3. S. I. I. Vol. III, No. 92. S. I. I. Vol. VI, No. 56.

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kAppiyam-2 179 ritti, nAlapUra kurati, ariTTanemi kuratti, tiruppatti muratti, kUDar kuratti, iLanecuraku muratti vagere sAdhvI kavayitrIonAM nAma paNa je potapotAnA vAsasthAna ke janmasthAna saMbaMdhita che, zilAlekhomAM upalabdha che. A nAmo sAdhAraNa rIte saMnyAsinIo ke sAdhvIo mATe vaparAtA hatA. mAtra jaina-sAdhvIone kanti, atre, amma, paisma, zAmi perumAriTa, AzALu, talaivi, airya vagere kahevAmAM AvatI hatI.A nAmonA nirdeza-sthaLothI te samaye jaina dharmanA saphaLa tathA suvyavasthita pracAranI khabara paDe che. A sAdhvIo gRhiNIo tathA anAtha tathA vipadagrasta strIomAM jainadharmano pracAra karatI hatI ane vidyA, sadAcAra, lokavyavahAra vagereno upadeza ApatI hatI. zravaNabelagolanA zilAlekhomAM nAgamati kaMtiyAra, zazimati kaMtiyAra, navilUra rAjImati kaMtiyAra, anaMtamati kaMtiyAra, zramatI kaMtiyAra, mAMgarpe kaMtiyAra vagere sAdhvIonAM nAma maLe che. A sAdhvI kavayitrIo adhikatara saMskRtanA nIti graMthonuM anusaraNa karI, tAmilamAM nAnA-moTA laghu padyagraMthonI racanA karatI hatI. abaiyAranA nAme je padyo maLI Ave che, te prasiddha tamila kavayitrI auvaiyAranAM padyothI bhinna hoI zake che. pachIthI anya matAvalaMbI sAdhvIo mATe paNa "alai"nuM vidhAna thayuM che. viziSTa prabaMdha kAvya : "kaliMgajI paraNi" paraNi" te prabaMdha kAvyane kahe che, jemAM sahasra gajone samarAMgaNamAM mAranAra viravaranuM prabhAvazALI varNana hoya. "paraNi'no bIjo artha che kAphakinALu" (vananI adhiSThAtrI devI kAlI mAtA). "paraNi' (bharaNI) kAlI devInuM janmanakSatra hovAne kAraNe, A prabaMdhamAM mukhyatve kAlI mAtAnuM adhika varNana che ane samarAMgaNanI adhiSThAtrI devI rUpe tenuM sanmAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. devIno pradeza marabhUmi ane ujjaDa vana pradeza, tenuM bhayAvaha maMdira, devInA parijana bhUtapizAcAdi, bhUkhyA pizAcono ArtanAda, temAM navAgata pizAca dvArA dezavidezanA rAjAonuM varNana tathA caritanAyaka vIra narezano prabhAva, tenI samarasajjA, samarAMgaNamAM prApya mRta dehonuM varNana je pizAco mATe svAdiSTa padArtha mAnavAmAM Ave che, samara ane samarAMgaNanuM rocaka varNana, bhojana taiyAra karavAnA prakAra, susvAdu khAdya-peyAdinI vaheMcaNI tathA haLImaLIne pizAconuM bhojana karavuM - vagere vAto "paraNi' prabaMdhamAM hoya che.

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa paraNi-prabaMdhakAvyanA prAraMbhamAM ArAdhya devI sAthe, potAnA dezanA narezanuM vaMdanAtmaka AkhyAna karavAmAM Ave che ane kavi devatAne prArthanA kare che ke rAjAnuM sadA maMgala thAya ane te sarvavijayI bane. pachI parAjita rAjAnA dezathI baMdinI rUpe lAvavAmAM Avela nagara-nArIonuM varNana Ave che. te nArIonA AvAsane tAmilamAM 'veLam' harama (harem) kahe che, jeno artha che kamanIya sthAna. kavi graMthAraMbhe rAjAsakta te nArIonuM nakha-zikha varNana karI, temane prArthanA kare che ke dvAra khole ane narezanI samarayAtrA ane vijayavArtAnuM varNana sAMbhaLe. AvI keTalIya viziSTa paraMparAo tathA nItio ApaNe 'paraNi' prabaMdhothI jANI zakIe chIe. 180 A 'paraNi' prabaMdhomAM 'kaligannu paraNi' sahuthI uttama mAnavAmAM Ave che. colanarezoe jyAre anyadezIya zatru narezo para caDAI karI ane temane parAsta karI pAchA AvyA, tyAre 'samara kathA' rUpe A prabaMdha racavAmAM Avyo. saMdhakAlIna kAvyamAM, samaranA bIbhatsa kAMDanuM varNana pizAconA bhojana rUpe thayuM che. pazcAtvartI kAvyomAM te AMzika sthAna meLavavA lAgyuM. paraMtu, samara dRzyane pUrNa prabaMdhanuM rUpa mAtra 'paraNi' kAvyomAM ja maLe che. A prabaMdhamAM bIbhatsa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, adbhuta vagere rasonA sthAyI bhAvonuM varNana adhika mAtrAmAM thayuM che. kavinA apUrva camatkArathI asuMdara paNa suMdara lAge che, kutsita dRzya paNa komaLa banI jAya che. pizAconuM varNana kavi-kalpanAnI uttama upaja che. A vargane anurUpa iMdrajALa, mAyAvI ceSTA, aTTahAsa ane vismayakArI kRtyonuM sajIva citraNa che. anya 'paraNi' prabaMdha colanarezonI vijayavArtAone 'kaoNppattu paraNi''phUDala saMghamattu pariNa' 'kaliMgantu pariNa' (kulottuMga colanA zAsanakALamAM, tenA senApati karuNAkara taoNNDamAn dvArA kaliMga deza 52 ka2vAmAM AvelI caDAIno prazastimaya prabaMdha), ane vikrama colan dvArA prApta kaliMga-vijayanuM varNana karanAra prabaMdha-A rIte be 'kaliMgattu paraNi' che) vagere keTalAya 'paraNi' prabaMdha hatA. temAM mAtra 'kaliMgattu paraNi'ne ke jenA raciyatA jayaMkoNDAra hatA, Aja sudhI te paraMparAno zIrSastha prabaMdha mAnavAmAM Ave che. A 'paraNi' graMtho dvArA ghaNI ja aitihAsika vAto udghATita thAya che. 'kaliMgattu paraNi'nA raciyatA A suprasiddha prabaMdha-kAvyanA racayitA paNa ochA vikhyAta na hatA. temanuM

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kAppiyama-2 181 pUruM nAma hatuM dIpakuMDi jayaMkomhAra. "jayaMkopTAra'no artha thAya che vijaya prApta (rAjA), je mukhyatve cola rAjAonI upAdhi hatI. cola-zAsanamAM evI prathA hatI ke rAjAnI upAdhi ke prazastisaMjJA amAtya ane darabArI zreSTha (mukhya) kavinA nAmo sAthe joDI devAmAM AvatI hatI. kavivara "jayaMkopTAra'ne tatkAlIna kavioe kavicakravartI' nAme alaMkRta karyA che. "dIpakuMDi' tatkAlIna zramaNasaMghanuM nAma hatuM. AthI e spaSTa che ke zreSTha "paraNi" prabaMdha (kaliMgaju paraNi)nA racayitA kavicakravartI jayaMkopTAra zramaNa saMghanA sAdhu hatA. te cola-nareza kuloga (agiyAramI zatAbdI)nA samakAlIna hatA. bhakti-gItonI dhArA tAmilanADumAM pallavonA zAsanakALamAM bhaktidhArA adhika vyApaka ane vegavatI thaI. zaivasaMtakAvya "tevAramu ane vaiSNava saMta arjuvAronI amRtamayI vANI nAlAyira divya prabaMdham' vagerenuM nirmANa tathA bahujanahitAya prasAra A ja kALamAM thayo hato. Ano bIjo pakSa paNa achato na rahyo. sAMpradAyika kalaha, ekabIjAnA matone nIcA dekhADavAnI dhUna, bhayaMkara spardhA-pratispardhA ane tenA pariNAmasvarUpa pratizodha vagerenuM jora paNa ochuM na hatuM. saMpradAya tathA dharma (mata) rAjyazAsananI ADamAM potAnA kriyA-kAMDo para jora devA lAgyA. pachI uttejanA, unmAda, ucchaMkhalatA ane udaMDatAnI zuM UNapa hoI zake ? chatAMpaNa A dharmakalaha pAzcAtya dezonI jema ghoratama mahAyuddho rUpe pariNata nathI thayA. keTalAya kaTTaradhArmikonI vacce evA Adarza samanvaya poSaka nareza paNa thayA je bagaDelI sthiti sudhAravAno prayAsa karatA hatA. pallavanareza mahendrane svayaM zaiva hovA chatAM paNa, zramaNo (jaino)ne sammAnita karavAmAM koI kasara na rAkhI. jaina zilAlekhomAM AnAM paryApta pramANa maLe che. te samaye zramaNadharmanI keTalIya vAto jIvananA AdhAra tattvo rUpe svIkRta thaI cUkI hatI. sAmudAyika utthAna mATe te prabaLa bhAthuM banyA. ahiMsA, janasevA, bhagavAnanI upAsanA, dayALutA, sadAcAra vagere keTalAya tattvo na mAtra jaina dharmAvalaMbIo, paraMtu anya matAvalaMbI loko mATe paNa anivArya jIvanasUtra banyAM. zaiva mahAgraMtha "periyapurANammAM A vAto para adhika jora devAmAM AvyuM che. suprasiddha zaivAcArya tirunAbukkarazad pahelAM jaina hatA, ane pachIthI zaiva banyA. temaNe potAnA ArAdhya deva zivane "dayAmUlatattva' rUpe batAvyA. A rIte keTalIya vAto je jaina dharmanI hatI, te kALamAM anya matomAM samAhita thaI gaI. keTalAka vidvAnonA matAnusAra, A zaiva matanA navotthAnane jaina dharmano navodaya paNa kahI zakAya.

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182 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa A bhaktipravAha jaina dharmane AgaLa cAlatAM eka rIte nAmazeSa karI cUkyo hato. jaina kavi racita "yAparuMgalavRtti (chaMdagraMtha)mAM keTalAya padyo tatkAlIna zaiva-vaiSNava bhakti-dhArAnA ghAtaka che. je padya jaina matapoSaka che, te paNa tatkAlIna AvAra ane nayanmAronA gItonI jema sumadhura che. zaivAcArya tirunAvukkarazadranA keTalAMya padyo, je temaNe jaina hovA samaye racyA hatA, hajI paNa jaina sAhityamAM upalabdha che. anya jaina-graMtha pallavonA zAsanakALamAM ja "paraNi' uparAMta "ulA', "lambakam', "annAdi vagere prabaMdhagraMtho prasiddha thaI gayA hatA. "patrira pATTiyarla" nAmaka lakSaNa graMthamAM ukta prabaMdhonAM vistRta lakSaNo varNita che. "yAppagalavRtti (jaina paMDita racita tAmila chaMdagraMtha)mAM uddhata padyothI jANI zakAya che ke jaina kavioe paNa keTalAya prabaMdha kAvyo racyAM hatAM. paraMtu kAlakavalita thaI javAthI, temAMthI keTalAka have pUrNa nathI maLatA. "tirukkalambakam" ane "niruttAdi' nAmaka be graMtho pUrA maLe che, je uttama jaina prabaMdhakAvyonA paricAyaka che. A banne arvAcIna graMtha che. "tirukkalambakam'nA racayitAnuM nAma udIci devarU che. "udIcI'no artha che uttara dizA. "tirunuttAdi'nA racayitA avarodhiyAra hatA. A graMthamAM mayilenAthara'nuM varNana che, je neminAtha tIrthakaranA maMdira rUpe prasiddha hatuM ane AjakAla "mayile" ke "mayilApUra' (madrAsa zaherano eka bhAga) nAme prasiddha che. A kavionuM prAkRta, pAlI vagere apabhraMza bhASAonuM jJAna, ukta graMtho dvArA prakaTa thAya che. arvAcIna prabaMdhomAM "AdinAtha pille tamiLa' paNa eka che. te vijayanagara sAmrAjayanA abhyadayanA prabhAvathI sarjAyela gAthA prabaMdha pratIta thAya che. nAmonuM spaSTIkaraNa kalambakam' te prabaMdha che jemAM vividha kavitAonuM saMkalana hoya. sAhityika tathA vyAvahAriki paraMparAonuM anusaraNa karI A kavitAo racavAmAM Ave che. temano kadamba (samAhAra) ja "kalambakam' che. aMtAdi kavitAnI jevI ja, A prabaMdhanI kavitAo che. pahelI kavitAno aMta, bIjIno prAraMbha banI jAya che. A ja rIte Akho prabaMdha ja eka bIjI kavitA sAthe saMbaddha thaI mAlAkAra banI jAya che. pille tAmiLu" bAlaprabaMdhane kahe che. AmAM kavi potAnA priya devatA ke rAjAnuM varNana bALaka rUpe kare che. bALakanI vividha dasAo, avasthitio ane

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kAppiyam-2 183 bolI, krIDA vagerenuM vistRta tathA rocaka varNana karavAmAM Ave che. AvA keTalAya jaina prabaMdha racavAmAM Avela hatA, paraMtu have nathI maLatA. vijayanagara sAmrAjya vijayanagaranA samrAjyakALamAM badhA dharmo ane saMpradAyono samucita Adara thato hato. te sAmrAjaya varNAzramadharmonuM jAgrata pAlaka-poSaka hatuM. A sAmrAjyamAM cAre saMpradAya rAjAzrita tathA AdarAspada hatAH 1. mAhezvara mata, 2. bauddha mata, 3. vaiSNavata ane 4. AhaMta mata.' A kALamAM jaina matAvalaMbIo atItanI apekSAe adhika udAra hatA tathA potAnA vidhi-niyamomAM temaNe pariSkAra karI lIdho hato. I. 1151nA eka zilAlekhamAM ullekha che ke "ziva, tAdri (totAdri ?), ane (sukha pradAyI jina paramAtmAne praNAma..." tatkAlIna hindu paNa jinAlayamAM jaI ArAdhanA vagere karavA mATe hAtha para 'kApu" (rakSA sUtro bAMdhavA lAgyA hatA. jenoe paNa hiMduonI aneka vidhio apanAvI lIdhI hatI. ItihAsathI jANI zakAya che ke A samanvaya sthiti vijayanagara sAmrAjyanI sthApanA pUrve paNa rahI hatI. A samanvayanuM eka uttama udAharaNa maLyuM che. virUpAkSa uDayAra ane bukkarAyanA zAsanakALamAM hiMduo ane jaino vacce sthaLa sImA-saMbaMdhI vivAda Ubho thayo. sthiti vikaTa hatI. Akhare rAjAjJAthI ke nAgarikonI abhyarthanAthI baMne pakSanA loko eka sthAna para ekatra thayA ane khullA manathI carcA thaI. aMte vidvAnoe ema nirNaya karyo ke jaina darzana ane vaiSNava darzanamAM koI vicchedaka aMtara nathI; AthI baMne pakSavALA ApasamAM haLImaLIne rahI zake che ane temaNe rahevuM paDaze. tenuM supariNAma e AvyuM ke jinAlayonA dvArarakSaka ane pUjArI vaiSNava niyukta karavAmAM AvyA ane cUno lIpavAnuM kairya (sevA) paNa vaiSNavone ja soMpavAmAM AvyuM. A ghaTanAne te ja samaye abhilekha rUpe zilAMkita karavAmAM AvI. te prabaLa AjJApatrathI ochuM na hatuM. A ja rIte, soLamI zatAbdInA zramaNomAM paNa samanvayanI bhAvanA dRSTigocara thAya che. tatkAlIna jaina sAhitya ane abhilekhomAM svamata prakhyApana sAthe, 1. 2. 3. E. C. XI, C. K. 13, 14, 20, 21. E. C. XII. Tr. 9. 3. E. C. II, 334.

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184 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa AdivarAhamUrti ane zaMbhu (viSNu ane ziva) devatAonI paNa vaMdanA karavAmAM AvI che. joke vIrazaivo ane jainomAM bhISaNa saMgharSa thayA hatA, to paNa baMnenI samanvayAtmaka sthiti paNa AvI gaI hatI. vIrazaivoe evI Ama ghoSaNA prasArita karI ke je jaina virodhI hoya che, te badhAne zivadrohI ane "saMgamarU' (zaivAcArya)nA zatru mAnavAmAM Avaze. 2 A ja kALamAM, tIrthakaronI mUrtio sAthe zivaliMga mUrtio paNa rakhAvA ane pUjAvA lAgI. AnuM pramANa eka zilAlekhamAM prApta thAya che.' vijayanagara-zAsakonI keTalIya strIo jainadharmanA anuyAyI hatI. tatkAlIna rAjAo ane rANIoe keTalAya jinAlaya nirmita karAvyAM ane tenA saMcAlana nimitte paryApta saMpatti devadravya rUpe ApI rAkhI. temanI sabhAomAM keTalAya jaina paMDito sabhAvidvAno ane kavio rUpe vidyamAna hatA. kRSNadeva rAyanA samayamAM, vAdi vidyAnanda nAmaka suprasiddha jaina mahApaMDita ane suvAktA hatA. temanA ja samayamAM maMDala puruSa nAmaka jaina vidvare "cULAmaNinighaMTu nAmaka brAhata tAmilakozanI racanA karI. A nighaMTu ane tenA racayitAnuM tAmilabhASIo Aje paNa AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kare che. te samayanA keTalAya jaina graMtha hajI sudhI prakAzamAM nathI AvyA. jo te sAhitya prakAzamAM Ave to aneka mahattvapUrNa tathya jJAta thaI zake. jaina vidvAno ane temanI amUlya racanAono samAdara jainetara vidvAno paNa karatA hatA ane kare che. vaidika matanA vipravara naSyinAddhiniyare jainamahAkAvya 'jIvakaciMtAmaNi'nI vyAkhyA lakhavA mATe jainadarzananuM vidhivat sAMgopAMga adhyayana karyuM hatuM. samanvayanI A paraMparA Aja sudhI cAlI AvI rahI che. A yugamAM cakravartI nayinA prasiddha jainatattvavettA vidvAna thaI gayA che. temanA pUjaya pitA aprAsAmi nayinArUnI pAse ja "tAmila dAdA' sva. DaoN. uM. ve, svAminAthanuM ayyare jaina tattvanuM adhyayana karyuM hatuM. nayinArUjInuM gAma vighUra jaina dharmanuM kendra mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. 'cittAmUra-maTha' tAmilabhASI jaino mATe uttama vidyApITha 1. E. C. VII. K. p. 47. 2. E. C. V, BL. 128. 3. M. A. R. 1925, p. 15.

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kAppiyam-2 185 ke jJAnapITha banI gayo. tira. vi. kalyANasuMdara mudaliyAra jevA vidvAnoe zramaNadharmanI sArvajanInatA vize ghaNuM lakhyuM che. DaoN. u. va. svAminAthan adhyare lakhyuM che ke eka jainadharmI sarjananI zrImatIjI potAnA tattvajJAnamAM parama viduSI hatI ane pAribhASika tathA sAMketika zabdo ane vAkyonuM paNa tene sAruM jJAna hatuM. accarajIe paNa temanI sahAyatAthI paryApta tAtvika jANakArI prApta karI. AnAthI jaNAya che ke strIo paNa potAnA dharma matanI paryApta jANakArI rAkhatI hatI.

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gadyagraMtha, ilakkaNam, nighaMTu vagere gadyagraMtha : 'zrIpurANam' tAmilamAM gadyagraMthonuM mahattva IsAI pAdarIoe ja vadhAryuM. 'tolakAppiyam'mAM saMvAda ke gadyamaya kavitAnI carcA che. 'ziragurI karai' vagere kathAo te ja zailImAM lakhavAmAM AvI hatI. paraMtu temane zuddha ke gadya-sAhitya na kahI zakIe. 'zilappadhikAram' ane perundevanAra viracita 'bhAratam'mAM paNa gadya maLe che paraMtu tene paNa saMpUrNa rIte gadya-sAhitya na kahI zakAya. pachI 'ilakkaNa' (lakSaNavyAkaraNa, chaMdAdi) graMthonI vyAkhyA rUpe 'IraiyanAr ahappaoNruL' vagere gadyagraMtha lakhavAmAM AvyA. temanI zailI ane bhASA pravAha evA che ke temane sAhityika kahI zakAya, chatAMpaNa temane pUrNa tathA saphaLa gadya-sAhityamAM na mUkI zakAya. A ja rIte vaiSNava AcAryo dvArA 'IMDu', 'pakSIrAyirappaDi', 'mUvAyi2ppaDi' vagere adbhuta vyAkhyAo vaiSNava saMta AvAronI vANIo (nAlAyira divyaprabandham) para racavAmAM AvI hatI, je saMskRta-tAmilamizrita 'maNipravAla' zailImAM nirmita che. A vyAkhyAo sAhityika dRSTie uccakoTinI racanAo che ane temanI bhAvagaMbhIratA ane prAMjala abhivyaMjanAnI prazaMsA mAtra vaiSNava ja nahIM paraMtu vaiSNavetara vidvAno paNa muktakaMThe kare che. chatAMpaNa temane zuddha gadya-sAhitya na kahI zakIe. purANam tAmila gadyasAhityano AdigraMtha zrIpurANam mAnI zakAya. IsAI pAdarIonA prayAsanI pahelAM pracalita gadya-sAhityanuM je rUpa hatuM, te AmAM maLe che. A eka mukhya jaina graMtha che. navamI zatAbdImAM guNabhadrAcArye tresaThazalAkApuruSaritarUpe jinasenAcAryanA mahApurANa aMtargata 'uttarapurANa' nAmaka graMtha lakhyo hato, tenA ja anusaraNamAM 'zrIpurANam' lakhavAmAM AvyuM. 5. zrIpurANam graMtha 'maNipravAla' zailImAM racita che. jyAre anya bhASApravaNa vidvAna koI graMtha lakhe che, to temAM raciyatAnA bhASAntara-jJAnano spaSTa prabhAva, te bhASAnA zabdaprayoga dvArA paDI ja jAya che. jyAre samayanI mAMga, ruci, Agraha vagere utpreraka sAdhano sAtha Ape che, to bhASAsammizraNanI to vAta ja zuM karavI?

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gadyagraMtha, ilakkaNam, nighaMTu vagere - I. pU. trIjI sadInA guphAzilAlekhomAM AvI mizrita bhASAnuM rUpa maLe che. bauddha tathA jaina vidvAnoe dharmapracAra mATe Avazyaka pAribhASika zabdo mULa bhASAmAMthI (pAlI, prAkRta, saMskRta vageremAMthI) lIdhA hatA. A zailInI avahelanA, tatkAlIna tirujJAnasaMbaMdhIra jevA - zaivAcAryoe karI. paraMtu AvI kaTu AlocanAavahelanAnI sAme Takkara laIne paNa te zailI UcharatI rahI. perundevanAr cita 'bhAratam'nI vyAkhyAmAM maNipravAla zailI jovA maLe che. A 'bhAratam'graMtha toLArU erinda ('tALArU' pradezanA vijetA) navarmannA samayamAM (I.navamI sadI) racita hoI zake che. I. 988nA zilAlekhamAM A vAkya che "mALiyara iihanAta mA dhAmiruSNAMzu viva......pAyAt / '' A vAkyano pahelo aMza tAmila che jeno artha che, 'be mANekothI' ane pachIno aMza to zuddha saMskRtano che. maNipravALam A zailI bahu pracalita thaI javAne kAraNe agiyAramI sadImAM praNIta vyAkaraNa-graMtha ke lakSaNa-graMtha 'vIra coLiyam'mAM maNipravAla zailInAM lakSaNa pratipAdita che. A graMthanI racanA vIracoLan nAmaka narezanA nAme AcArya buddhamitre karI hatI. motI ane pravALanA maNakAthI gUMthelI mALAnI jema, tAmila ane saMskRtanA zabdothI banelI bhASA-zailIne maNipravAla zailI kahe che. malayAlam bhASAmAM A zailInuM viziSTa mahattva che. malayAlam lakSaNagraMtha 'lIlAtilakam'mAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke lAla mANeka maNio ane pravAlothI banelI mAlAmAM je rIte baMne dANA eka ja lAlimAmAM ekAkAra thaI jAya che, te ja rIte malayAlam ane saMskRtanA zabdo bhASA-pravAhamAM ekarUpa thaI jAya che. 187 zrIpurANanA racayitA temanA nAmano graMthamAM kyAMka ullekha nathI. madrAsanA nikaTavartI 'perumajhUra'mAM rahenAra eka jaina paMDite zravaNabelagolamAM jaI mUla zrIpurANanuM adhyayana karyuM, pachI teno tAmilamAM anuvAda karyo - evI eka anuzruti cAlI AvI rahI - che. keTalAka vidvAna lakhe che ke A graMthanA racayitA 'maMDalapuruDara (puruSa)' hatA, je 'cULAmaNi nighaMTu'nA paNa racayitA hatA. temaNe potAnA nighaMTumAM lakhyuM che,

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188 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa "tiruntiya kamala vUrti tiruppuhaLU purANam zeydon guNabhadran tAL paNinda maMDavat " arthAtuM, "kamala para vicaranAra jinadevanA mahimAne purANa graMtha rUpe racanAra AcArya guNabhadranA caraNomAM zaraNa meLavanAra (praNAma karanAra) maMDalavanuM....' A rIte bIjA paNa be-traNa sthAno para AcArya guNabhadrano ullekha che. AcArya guNabhadra navamI sadInA hatA ane temaNe saMskRtamAM "uttarapurANa"nI racanA karI hatI. guNabhadra AcArya jinasenanA ziSya hatA. maMDala puruSara A ja guNabhadranA ziSya hatA. paraMtu teo kRSNadevarAyanA samakAlIna na hatA. nighaMTukartA guNabhadra to kRSNadevarAyanA samakAlIna hatA. AthI keTalAka vidvAnono mata che ke maMDala puruSarane zrIpurANanA racayitA mAnavAthI keTalIya asaMgatio utpanna thaI zake che. zrI veMkaTa rAyala rephiyAre potAnA saMskaraNamAM A viSayanI keTalIka yuktio sAthe chaNAvaTa karI che. paraMtu mArA anuzIlana anusAra maMDalapuruSa ja zrIpurANamunA racayitA hovA joIe. graMthakAre graMthAraMbhe ahaMtu bhagavAnanI vaMdanA karavI ja paryApta mAnI, eTalA mATe potAnA gurunI vaMdanA na karI tathA Atma-paricaya paNa na Apyo. huM paryApta vicAra-vimarza bAda A nirNaya para pahoMcyo chuM. AthI kahI zakAya ke A soLamI zatAbdInI kRti che. nighaMTu graMtha prasiddha nighaMTu graMtha : "divAkaram koza, nighaMTu vagere vastutaH bhASAnA parama upayogI khajAnA hoya che. A kSetramAM tAmila bhASAne susamRddha banAvavAnuM zreya mukhyatve jaina paMDitone che. tAmilanA prAcInatama graMtha (lakSaNa graMtha) "tolakAppiyamuno 'uri Iyala' adhyAya nighaMTu jevo lAge che. anumAna evuM che ke te samayamAM ja nighaMTu racanAno prayAsa cAlI rahyo hato. paraMtu tenuM pUrNarUpa pallavonA zAsanakALamAM maLe che. upalabdha nighaMTu graMthomAM prAcInatama tathA pUrNa graMtha che "divAkaram'. Ane ja "AdidivAkaramu" paNa kahe che. aMbara nAmaka pradezanA zAsaka zabdananA protsAhanathI racavAmAM Avela hovAne kAraNe tene "zenDanadivAkaram' paNa kahe che. divAkaramuni AnA racayitA che. joke A graMthano zivavaMdanA sAthe prAraMbha thAya che, to paNa che A jaina graMtha ja. A nighaMTu rASTrakUTonA utkarSa kALamAM lakhavAmAM Avela haze, arthAt

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gadyagraMtha, ilakkaNam, nighaMTu vagere AThamI zatAbdInA uttara bhAgamAM. 9500 zabdonI vyAkhyA ane paryAyavAcI zabdo AmAM che. bahu-arthabodhaka zabdonI saMkhyA 384 che. bIjo nighaMTu graMtha : piMgalajjai 'divAkaram' pachI piMgalande nighaMTunuM sthAna che. piMgalar AnA praNetA che. vidvAnono mata che ke te divAkaranA putra hatA. paraMtu prazna e UThe che ke A divAkara nighaMTukartA hatA ke bIjA koI. bAramI sadInA tAmila vyAkaraNa graMtha 'najhUla'mAM A graMthano ullekha che. AthI e spaSTa che ke A bAramI sadI pahelAMnI racanA che. AnA prathama bhAgamAM 14700 zabdonI nirukti vagere che ane dasamA bhAgamAM anekArthavAcI zabdo 1091 che. pUrvokta nighaMTu 'divAkaram'thI paNa A bRhatkAya tathA parivardhita graMtha che. trIjo cUDAmaNi nighaMTu A ja saMprati bahupracalita tathA arvAcIna nizcaMTu graMtha che. Ane 'nighaMTu cUDAmaNi' paNa kahe che. AnA raciyatA maMDalapuruSara hatA jemanI carcA upara karavAmAM AvI cUkI che. temaNe vijayanagaranA prazasta zAsaka kRSNadevarAyanI khUba prazaMsA karI che. AthI temanA sabhA-paMDitomAM teo rahyA haze. temano samaya soLamI sadIno aMtima bhAga hoI zake che. temanA AcArya guNabhadra hatA (teo navamI sadInA guNabhadrathI alaga che). eka zilAlekhathI jANI zakAya che ke I. 1583mAM guNabhadradevanA ziSya vIrasenadevane dAnamAM eka bhUmi maLI. AthI A guNabhadrane soLamI sadInA mAnavA e ja saMgata che. 1 189 A nighaMTunA aMtima padyamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke graMthakAra maMDalapuruSara 'vIre' nAmaka sthAnanA nivAsI hatA. temanA prAraMbhika prazasti padyamAM jene tAmilamAM 'zirappu pAyiram' kahe che, kahevAmAM A che ke te maMDalapuruSa AcArya guNabhadranA ziSya hatA. e pahelAM ja kahevAmAM AvI gayuM che ke A ja maMDalapuruSa zrIpurANanA praNetA che. ilakkaNam tAmilamAM 'ilakkaNam'no artha che lakSaNa. te vyAkaraNa, chaMda, alaMkAra tathA rItigraMthono nirdeza kare che. lakSaNa ke rIti graMthonA nirmANa dvArA tAmilane samRddha 1. M. A. R., 1931, p. 106-112; E. C. VI, k. p. 21-24.

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190 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa banAvavAnuM zreya mukhyatve jaina paMDitone che. tAmila vyAkaraNamAM prathamataH lipi, zabda ane artha traNenuM vivecana rahetuM hatuM. "IreyanAra ahapporanI vyAkhyA samaye "yApu' (chaMda) alaga thaIne lakSaNanI eka zAkhA banI gayo. saMskRtanAM chaMdazAstranI jema tAmila chaMda paNa keTalIya vAtomAM potAnI viziSTatA dharAve che. prAcIna kALathI ja lakSaNa graMtha be zAkhAomAM vibhakta hatA - zoLu adhikAram (zabdAdhikAra) ane porun adhikAram (arthAdhikaraNa). AmAM poLiyaLu IlakkaNam (arthAdhikAra-lakSaNa)nA ahappoLa (AMtara pakSa) ane pura, poLu (bAhya pakSa) A be bhAga che. porALu adhikAramUnI gaveSaNA ane prasAra khUba ocho thayo ane A vAtanI puSTi "iraiyanAra ahappoLa'nI vyAkhyAthI thAya che. purappoLa' (bAhya pakSa)nI vivecanA mATe purapporALu vepA mAlai'nuM avataraNa thayuM. Ano mULa srota "patrira paDalam' nAmaka laghu padya saMgraha che jemAM agatyanA bAra ziSyonuM eka-eka padya saMgRhIta che. pATTiyeluM pAyilu' chaMdarItine kahe che jemAM vividha padyonuM svarUpa lakSaNa rahe che. pUrvokta "pazi paDala" A "pATiye" (chaMdarIti)nI vivecanapradhAne racanA che. padyanA agiyAra samaMjasa lakSaNonA vivecana pachI bAramA aMga varNanuM vivecana temAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. A graMthamAM tera kavio (paMDito)nAM padya uddhata karavAmAM AvyAM che; AcArya agatyane choDI anya bAra paMDitonAM padya AmAM samAhita che. temanAM nAma che : poaiyAra, pANadu, indira kALiyAra, avinayanAra, kallADara, kapilara, cendam bhUtanAra, kovra kinAra, mAbhUtanAra, zIttalaiyAra, palakAyanAra ane peruM kara kinAra. A graMtha uparAMta "mAmUlara pATTiyaluM" (mAmUlara racita pATTiya) ane "pATTiyaluM marapuDayAra' nAmaka be graMthonAM nAma prAcIna lakSaNagraMthonI vyAkhyAomAM maLe che. A uparAMta mAtra chaMdavivecana mATe racita keTalAka graMthonA nAma "yAkharuMgalavRtti (eka arvAcIna tAmila chaMda graMtha)mAM maLe che, jemake - saMghayAkhyu, ziru kArka pADiniyam, perum kArka pADiniyam, mAyecurar yADu, avinayaryApyuM, nakkIra nAlaDi nAdu, vAyu piyam vagere. aNi (alaMkAra) graMtha ', IreyanAra ahappoLa' graMthanI vyAkhyA prakAzamAM AvyA pachI alaMkAra ke

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gadyagraMtha, ilakkaNam, nighaMTu vagere 191 aNi lakSaNadhArAnuM pAMcamuM aMga banI gayuM. AcArya daMDInA, je prasiddha AlaMkArika hatA, tAmilanADunA nivAsI hovAthI, alaMkAra graMtha tAmilamAM anudita thayo. paraMtu temanA ja samayamAM arthAlaMkArano prAdurbhAva ane prasAra tAmilanADumAM thayo evI vAta nathI. temanA pahelAM ja tAmilanADumAM divAkaram, piMgalanda vagere nighaMTu graMtho dvArA arthAlaMkArano prasAra thaI cUkyo hato ane te graMthomAM AlaMkArika vivecana paNa ghaNuM thaI cUkyuM che. A ja pAraMparika dhArAne "yAkhraraMgalam' vagere zabdAlaMkAra-graMtho AgaLa vadhAratA rahyA. A dhArA pradhAnapaNe ane vaijJAnika rIte gatimAna thaI sAtamI sadIthI navamI sadImAM, jyAre pallavanarezonuM zAsana unnata avasthAmAM hatuM. A alaMkAra graMthomAM nirdiSTa nAmothI keTalAka vidvAnone bhrama thaI gayo ke A dhArA saMghakALathI ja cAlI AvI haze. paraMtu satya to e che ke kalabro pachI, pallavonA samayamAM tAmilano utkarSa saMskRtanI samAntare vadhavA lAgyo, tyAre prAcInatama nAmono punarvyavahAra thavA lAgyo. AthI te samayanA graMthomAM saMghakAlIna zabdono prayoga sAmAnyapaNe thavA lAgyo. avinayam pallavonA zAsanakALamAM ghaNA badhA alaMkAra graMthonuM praNayana thayuM. chatAM paNa temanA upalabdha na hovAne kAraNe e nakkI karavuM muzkela che ke AmAMthI keTalA graMtha jaina vidvAnonA hatA. chatAMpaNa e to nirvivAda tathya che ke "aNi iyala (alaMkAra ke rIti-zAkhA)mAM paNa jaina vidvAnono paryApta sakriya sahayoga rahyo che. prAcIna alaMkAra graMthomAM eka che "avinayam', jenA racayitA hatA avinayanA. teo jaina hatA. arvAcIna zabdAlaMkAra graMtha "yAppagalu vRttimAM ukta prAcIna graMthanAM keTalAya padyo uddharaNa rUpe AvyA che. suprasiddha tAmilavyAkaraNa "nakUlanA vyAkhyAkAra mayilenAthare paNa potAnI vyAkhyAmAM spaSTa lakhyuM che ke sAdhu avinayanAruM jaina paMDita hatA. "varNo (akSaro)nuM mULa kAraNa aNusamUha che.' A matanuM samarthana jema AcArya pavaNaSTi (bhavaNanandI)e potAnA "nakUla'graMthamAM karyuM hatuM, tevI ja rIte AcArya avinayanAre paNa potAnA graMthamAM karyuM. zakya che, AnuM anusaraNa pachInA jaina vidvAnoe karyuM hoya. "avinayama" tola kAppiyamanI jema potAnA samayano khyAtiprApta tathA supracalita AlaMkArika graMtha che. A graMthanI eka prAmANika vyAkhyA rAja pavitra pallava taraiyara

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192 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa nAmaka vidvAne lakhI. pachInA vidvAna vyAkhyAtA marlinAthare te vAtano ullekha karatAM "avinayamunI khUba prazaMsA karI. "tolakAppiyamamAM nirdiSTa lakSaNa-rIti vagerenA niyamothI bhinna niyamo "avinayamamAM che. saMbhava che ke "avinayam' ane tenA samarthaka anuyAyI graMthonA vyApaka prabhAvane kAraNe "tolakAppiyamunA niyamono vyavahAra ocho thavA lAgyo. yApparuMgalam avinayam pachIno khyAtiprApta alaMkAra graMtha "yAkharuMgalam che. AmAM tAmilanA viziSTa chaMda, varNa, mAtrA vagerenuM vizad vivecana che. AnA racayitA jaina sAdhu amitasAgara (amadasAgara ke amRtasAgara) che. temaNe "yAkharuMgala kArikai" nAmaka bIjo alaMkAra graMtha paNa lakhyo che, je "yAkharuMgalam'nuM saraLasubodha prAraMbhika rUpa che. te "kaLajUra'nA nivAsI hatA, je madrAsa zaheranI najIka che. temanI khyAtithI te sthAnanuM nAma "kArike kaLasUra' paDyuM. A ja nAmathI agiyAramI sadIno eka zilAlekha maLe che je colarAjA rAjendrakUnA samayano che. AthI "pAkharuMgala kArike agiyAramI sadInI pahelAMnI kRti hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. vidvAnono mata che ke A graMthano racanAkALa dasamI sadI mAnavo ucita thaze. yApparuMgalam' arvAcIna hovA chatAM paNa, potAnA pUrvavartI alaMkAra graMthothI adhika prazasta ane vidvajana samAdata thayo. Aja sudhI tAmilanA ucca zikSArthI pradhAnapaNe "yApparuMgalam" ane "papparuMgalavRttinuM ja adhyayana kare che, ane vastutaH, prAmANika ane vizada alaMkAravivecana, viSayonuM vargIkaraNa tathA saraLa abhivyaMjanA anya graMthomAM teTalI suMdara nathI, jeTalI A baMne graMthomAM che. "yApparuMgala kArirjhanA vyAkhyAkAra guNasAgara hatA. graMthanA prAraMbhika padyathI mAlUma paDe che ke A guNasAgara graMthakartA amitasAgaranA AcArya hatA. paraMtu e vivAdanI vAta che ke prAkRta vyAkhyAkAra guNasAgara bIjA hatA ke te ja AcArya. ziSyanA graMthanI uttamatAthI prabhAvita thaIne AcAryane tenI vyAkhyA lakhavAnI IcchA thavI anokhI vAta nathI. tene mAnI paNa laIe, to yApparuMgalam (januM bIjuM nAma "yApparuMgalavRtti hatuM)nI vyAkhyA "yApparuMgalavRtti ura' paNa te ja AcArya guNasAgaranI haze. ema paNa zakya che ke "vRtti uranI pachI ja "kArike

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gadyagraMtha, ilakkaNam, nighaMTu vagere 193 ure (vyAkhyA)nI racanA thaI haze. kAriOMnI vyAkhyAmAM "vRtti uranI vAto uddhata karavAmAM AvI che. vidvAnono eka mata che ke "vRtti ure ja zreSTha che. baMne vyAkhyAonA racayitA eka hoya ke be, teo jaina paMDita hatA - temAM saMdeha nathI. "vRtti ura' (yAptazRMgala vRttinI vyAkhyA)nA racayitA vAraMvAra AcArya mAyecurar (mAhezvara)ne zivajInA nAma sAthe ullikhita kare che. AthI keTalAka vidvAnono mata evo che ke "vRtti ura'nA lekhaka zaiva hatA. paraMtu e nirNaya tathyathI dUra lAge che. A ullekha to mAtra jaina paMDitanI udAratAno paricAyaka che. AcArya mAyecurare eka chaMdazAstranI racanA karI hatI, je "mAyecura yApunA nAmathI prasiddha che. AcArya mAyeyyaranI ziSya paraMparAmAM 'vRtti uranA racayitA guNasAgara rahyA haze, eTalA mATe AdarapUrvaka potAnA AcAryanI carcA karI potAno AbhAra prakaTa karyo haze. | zabdAlaMkAranI maulika vAtothI avagata thavA mATe "vRtti ure atyaMta upayogI racanA che. pallavakAlIna tamila sAhityadhArAno paricaya prApta karavA mATe A vyAkhyA atyaMta sahAyaka che. pallava narezonI keTalIka prazastio A vyAkhyAmAM che je chaMdonAM lakSaNa-udAharaNo rUpe uddhata che. guNasAgaranuM bahubhASAjJAna vyAkhyAkAra AcArya guNasAgara "paNittiyam' nAmaka prAkRta vyAkaraNa, chaMdopizitam, guNasAMkhyam (kannaDa chaMdagraMtha), nirukta vagerenA sArA jJAtA hatA. yAkharuMgala kArike (tamila chaMdagraMtha)nI prazaMsAmAM vyAkhyAkAra guNasAgare lakhyuM che, Aryam (saMskRta)rUpI mahAsAgarane (saMskRta chaMdazAstrathI tAtparya che) tAmilamAM lAvavAnI mahAnatama sAdhanA karanAra uttama tapasvI udAracetA amitasAgare yApparuMgala kAriOMnI racanA karI che. joke AcAryonI bahubhASAbhijJatAnI carcA thaI che, to paNa teno e artha nathI ke amitasAgare saMskRtanI vAtone tAmilamAM parANe ghusADavAnI ceSTA karI. bhale ne, potAnI racanAomAM saMskRta graMthonI racanA zailInuM anukaraNa karyuM hoya, paraMtu "yApparuMgala kAriOM'nA dhyAnapUrvaka adhyayanathI e spaSTa jANI zakAya che ke temAM tAmilanA viziSTa chaMdabhedonuM ja vivecana thayuM inapUraNa amitasAgara ane guNasAgaranA pazcAtuvartI lakSaNa graMthakAromAM IlapUraNamUnuM nAma ullekhanIya che. "tolakAppiyamanA "zeThuLu iya" (padya vicAra-bhAga)no Jai Education International

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tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa vikAsa AcArya amitasAgara dvArA thayo. chatAMpaNa 'tolakAppiyam'thI bhinna ke viruddha vAto paNa temanA graMthomAM maLe che. paraMtu, A paraMparAmAM AcArya ILapUraNa sarvaprathama 'tolakAppiyam'nA astagAmI vidhi-niyamonuM samarthana tathA pracAra potAnI suprasiddha vyAkhyA dvArA karyo. A ja kAraNe temane 'uraiyAziriyara' (vyAkhyAnA AcArya)nI gauravapUrNa upAdhi prApta thaI. prAraMbhika prazastimAM nirdiSTa che ke teo maNakSuDinA nivAsI hatA ane temanA pitAnuM nAma iLampUti hatuM. yilainAthare temane saMnyAsI kahyA che. teo jainadharma premI hatA. temanA ja mArgadarzanamAM 'tolakAppiyam'nuM anusaMdhAnapUrvaka vivecana thayuM. AcArya iLampUraNarno samaya agiyAramI sadI mAnI zakAya. 194 ' neminAthar timalamAM 'zodhikAram' (zabdAdhikaraNa) ja ilakkaNam (vyAkaraNa) nAme pracalita thavA lAgyuM. I. bAramI sadImAM 'tolakAppiyam'nA 'zol-adhikAram'ne guNavIra paMDite 've-pA' chaMdamAM saMgRhIta karyo ane potAnA e laghu lakSaNagraMthanuM nAma rAkhyuM 'neminAthap'. A ja kAraNe, graMthakartAnuM nAma ja neminAthar paDI gayuM ane temane ja 'perAziriyara' (mahAcArya) kahyA. 'tAmila nAvalara rite' (tAmila kavionuM cirata)mAM AnI carcA che ane temAM batAvyuM che ke AcArya neminAthar kavivara oTTattaranA samakAlIna hatA. tAmila chaMdo ane padyonA viSayamAM neminAthare 'vaccaNandi mAlai' nAmaka graMtha lakhyo che. tenI TippaNIthI jANI zakAya che ke tribhuvana devanA samaye te graMthanuM praNayana thayuM. bAramI sadInA uttara bhAgamAM zAsana karanAra cola rAjA kulottuMga (tRtIya) ja tribhuvanadeva che. guNavIra paMDita (neminAtha)nA AcAryanuM nAma hatuM vaccaNaMdI (vajanaMdI) ane neminAtharnA graMthAraMbhamAM arhat bhagavAnanI vaMdanA karI che. AthI AcArya neminAthanu~ jaina mAnavAmAM koI Apatti nathI. 'vaccaNaMdimAlai'no mUlagraMtha 'indirakAlIyam' mAnavAmAM Avyo che. zakya che ke A paNa koI jaina paMDitanI racanA hoya. aDiyAkkuM nallAra tAmila mahAkAvya 'zilappadhikAram'nA vyAkhyAkAra hovAnuM gaurava paMDitavara aDiyAkkuM nallArane prApta thayuM che. temanI vyAkhyAnI pahelAM 'arUmmada urai' (viziSTa ke kaThina zabdonI vyAkhyA) nAmaka eka TippaNa pracalita hatuM, je upalabdha che. koMkuvet vijayamaMgalanI najIkanA 'nimme' nAmaka sthAnamAM temano janma thayo. poppaNa gAMgeya temanA abhibhAvaka hatA, je rAjA ke sAmaMta hatA. rAmAnujAcAryanA

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gadyagraMtha, ilakkaNam, nighaMTu vagere 195 prabhAvathI vaiSNava banela bhojaltha viSNuvardhana mahArAjanA maMtrI ane senApati hatA poipaNa gAMgeya, je svayaM jainadharmAvalaMbI hatA. temano samaya I. bAramI zatAbdI hato. AcArya aDiyArpha nallAranA mata ke saMpradAya vize hajI sudhI koI nirNaya para pahoMcavuM muzkela che. AthI temane jaina dharma premI ke jainadarzananA jJAtA kahevA mAtra pUratuM thaze. nakUla namUluM tAmilano bahu upayogI tathA upAdeya vyAkaraNa graMtha che. kulotuMgatRtIyanA samayavartI jIyagaMgam nAmaka gaMganarezanI abhyarthanAthI janakApura nivAsI , AcArya bhavabaMdI (bhavaNanaMdI)e "nakUla' (uttama ane subodha graMtha)nI racanA karI hatI. upalabdha nakUla' graMthamAM "evuttilakkaNam (varNa lakSaNa) ane "zollilakaNam (zabdalakSaNa) - A be bhAga ja che. paraMtu graMthanA "ziraDu pAyiram (prAraMbhika paricayAtmaka padya)thI evuM anumAna karavAmAM Ave che ke AmAM varNa, zabda, artha, chaMda ane alaMkAra - A pAMca aMgonuM vizada vivecana thayuM haze. samakAlIna ane paravartI vidvAnoe A upAdeya graMthanI khUba-khUba prazaMsA karI che. Agariyam (agamya vyAkaraNa) ane avinayam (AcArya avinayakRta lakSaNagraMtha)nI sAthe ane vizeSa karI tolakAppiyamunuM anukaraNa karI A graMtha racavAmAM Avyo che. A graMthamAM viSaya-vivecana bahu ja suMdara tathA komala zailImAM thayuM che. jainaDita mayirlaeNnAthare A graMthanI vyAkhyA karI che. zivajJAna munie vRtti ura" nAmaka navI vyAkhyA racI ApI. ' nambi ahappoLa tAmilamAM vyAkaraNanA pAMca aMgo (varNa, zabda, artha, chaMda ane alaMkAra) para alaga-alaga racanAo lakhavAmAM AvI. A ja rIte "ponu ArAyazci" (bhAva ke arthanuM anusaMdhAna)ne paNa "apporuLa" (attara pakSa) ane "purappoLa (bAhya pakSa) rUpe vibhAjita karavAmAM AvyuM. "purapporuLamAM jIvananA bAhya pakSa (AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra vagere)nuM anuzIlana karavAmAM AvyuM, jeno ekamAtra prAmANika graMtha che "purapporALu veNuM pA-mAle'. teno mULasrota tolakAppiyam hato, AthI tenA viSayonuM anukaraNa tathA vizleSaNa ukta graMthamAM khUba suMdara rIte thayuM che, te paNa A "veNu-pA mAlai" graMthanI vyAkhyA dvArA ja. "ahappoLa (jIvanano AMtara pakSa)nuM vizleSaNa IreyanAr kRta graMtha (IreyanA ahappoLa) dvArA thayuM, 1. janakApura kombatura jillAmAM Avela "jananAtha pura hovAnuM koI saMzodhanakartAoe sAbita karela che.

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196 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa je zaiva saMta sAhitya taiyAranI pahelAM racita hatuM. chatAMpaNa tenuM anusaraNa karI keTalAka graMtha racavAmAM AvyA haze, je upalabdha nathI. te paraMparAmAM arvAcIna hovA chatAM paNa, pUrva graMthonI apekSAe atyaMta upAdeya tathA subodha racanA che nambi ahapporuLa" je Aja sudhI bahujana samAdata che, tenA racayitA hatA "nA kavirAja nambi". temaNe "tolakAppiyam'no "ahapporan ilakkaNama" (AMtara pakSa ke lakSaNa) ane anya prasiddha kAvyagraMthonuM pUrNa adhyayana karI, vaijJAnika rIte potAnA anusaMdhAnapUrNa niSkarSa kADhyA, jemano samAveza "nambi ahapporuLamAM thayo. graMthakartA nAr kavirAja nambinA pitA "muttamid AzAn hatA, jeno artha che "Ilu (sAhitya) "izai" (saMgIta) ane "nATakam" (nATaka) A traNe zAkhAomAM niSNAta. (tAmilamAM "suttamiluno artha che tAmilanI traNa zAkhAo, je "iyeluM, Iza" ane "nATakam' nAme prasiddha che) ane temanuM nAma "puliyaMguDi umadhyavandAra' hatuM. temanI prazastimAM gAvAmAM AvyuM che, "Iru perum karlajja oru perum kurizi" (arthAt be mahAna kalAonA saMskRta ane tAmila sAhityanA ekamAtra uttama jJAtA, mAnyavara paMDita). temanA putra nAr kavirAja nAmbi je prastuta "nambi ahappoLa' graMthanA racayitA hatA, jaina hatA. A vAtanuM samarthana temanI IzvaravaMdanAthI thAya che. te graMthanI eka prAcIna vyAkhyAthI jaNAya che ke te nimbi kulazekhara pADyanunA samakAlIna hatA. A pAThya nareza cayavarmanuM kulazekharan-prathama hato. teno zAsanakALa bAramI sadI hato. "nambi ahappoLanA AdhAre, tenA lakSaNagraMtha rUpe kavivara pocyA moli puravare "tarjavANanuM kovai' nAmaka eka prabaMdha kAvya racyuM hatuM. "vANa' jAtinA loko teramI sadImAM pAThya dezamAM jaI vasavA lAgyA. A vAtanI puSTi keTalAka zilAlekho dvArA thaI che. teramI sadImAM, pAThya narezanA senApati taMjevANane cerarAja para caDAI karI vijaya prApta karyo. te ja vIravaranI stutigAthAnA upalakSyamAM "taMjaivANan kovai'nuM praNayana thayu. AthI e spaSTa che ke teramI sadImAM "nambi ahappoLa' (lakSaNagraMtha) khUba prasiddha thaI cUkyo hato ane teno prabhAva vidvAnonI maMDalIne AkRSTa karI cUkyo hato. nazcinAddhiniyar vyAkhyAkAromAM "nazcinArpha iniyarUnuM nAma khUba Adara sAthe levAmAM Ave che. teo vaidika brAhmaNa hatA. temano samaya teramI sadI pachI ja hovo joIe. temanuM janmasthAna madura hatuM, je pAThya rAjyanI rAjadhAnI hatI. tolakAppiyam, jIvakacintAmaNi, kalijjoke, kurunuM toke, vagere prAcIna graMthonI vidvattApUrNa vyAkhyAo

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gadyagraMtha, IlakkaNa, nighaMTu vagere 197 nazcinAEiniyare lakhI che. ema kahevuM atyukti nahi gaNAya ke zodhapUrNa vyAkhyAone kAraNe teo sAhityapremIono AdaraprApta karIyazasvI thayA. eka anukRti batAve cheke AcAryanazcinAlpha iniyare "jIvakacintAmaNi'nI vyAkhyAracavAnA hetusara, jaina dharmamAM dIkSita thaI, jainadarzananuM sAMgopAMga adhyayana karyuM ane temAM pUrNa adhikAra prApta karI lIdhA pachI ja ukta mahAkAvyanI vyAkhyA lakhI. tenI pachI teo svamatamAM pAchA pharI gayA haze. temanI vyAkhyAonAadhyayanathI jaNAI AvecheketemaNe pahelAM tolakAppiyamunA keTalAka aMzonI vyAkhyA lakhI ane tenI pachI "jIvaka-cittAmaNi'nI vyAkhyA lakhI. cintAmaNi'nI vyAkhyAmAM "tolakAppiyam'-vyAkhyAviSayono ullekha maLe che. Aja rIte, pachIthI lakhAyela "tolakAppiyam'nI vyAkhyAmAM, je anya aMzo para lakhavAmAM AvI hatI, "cittAmaNi'-vyAkhyAnA viSayo ullikhita che. temane saMpUrNa rIte jaina na kahIe to paNa jainadharma premI ane jaina tattvavettA to avazya kahI zakIe chIe. anya (aprApta) jainagraMtha tAmilamAM gaNita ane jyotiSanA keTalAya uttama graMtho racavAmAM AvyA hatA, jemanI carcA vyAkhyAomAM maLe che. ema lAge che ke te graMthone jaina paMDitoe jamukhyatve prakAzamAM lAvavAno prayatna karyo. saMbhava che ke temAM adhikAMza graMtho jainAcAryo dvArA ja racita hoya. AjakAla "kaNakkadhikAram' jevA keTalAya graMtha prApta thayA che. jyotiSa viSayaka graMthomAM "jinendramAle jainonA jyotiSa tathA khagoLa jJAnano paricAyaka che. A graMtha "veNu-pA' chaMdamAM racita che. bhASA subodhasuMdara hovAnI sAthe, chaMda-niyamothI aalita paNa che. evA ja keTalAya uttama graMtho te samayamAM lakhavAmAM AvyA. jaina paMDita maMDala puruSe potAnA AcArya guNabhadranI paricayAtmaka prazastimAM lakhyuM che ke teo jyotiSazAstramAM pAraMgata hatA. A rIte, jainAcAryoenamAtrasAhityanI, anya vijJAna, zAstra vagerenI zAkhAone paNa potAnI AdhikArika vidvattA, nisvArtha sevA bhAvanA tathA athaka sAdhanA dvArA susamRddha karI che. upasaMhAra e sarvamAnya satya che ke jainoe jIvana tathA sAhityanA, AcAra tathA vicAranA, adhyAtma tathA bhautikatAnA-ane na jANe evA keTalAya kSetrone potAnI dharmabhAvanA ane sAdhanA dvArA samRddha karyA che. tAmila bhASAne lokapriya banAvI, teno pracAra paMDitathI laI sAmAnya jano sudhI karavAnuM zreya jainone ochuM nathI. te samaye, jainoe "vasudhaiva kuTumbakamano Adarza potAnA AcaraNathI sthApita karyo. adhikAMza uttama

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198 tAmila jaina sAhityano ItihAsa lakSaNa graMtho to jainAcAryonI ja dena che. jo ke, "tolakAppiyam'ne jainagraMtha nathI kahI zakAto, chatAM paNa jaina vicAradhArAnA prabhAvakALamAM ja tenuM avataraNa thayuM hatuM. jainAcAryo dvArA mAnya niyamono nirvAha tathA lakSaNa tolakAppiyamamAM spaSTa dekhA de - IreyanArU ahapporan, purappoLa, veNu pAmAle, vIra coLiyam, ilakaNa viLakram, tophUlu, prayoga vivekama vagere lakSaNa graMtho choDIne, anya samasta vikhyAta graMtho jainAcAryo dvArA ja racita hatA. ane uparyukta graMtho paNa jainonA graMthothI khUba prabhAvita che, ane temanA ja anusaraNamAM racavAmAM AvyA che. tAmilanAviziSTachaMdone sArvajanIna banAvavAnuM ekamAtrazreya yAkharuMgalamUnA racayitA svanAmadhanya amitasAgarane ja che. te ja rIte tAmilanA vyAkaraNane kAvyanI jema vAMcavA-samajavA yogya banAvavAnuM zreya "nakUla'nA racayitA vidvadhara bhavaNaMdi (bhavaNanaMdI)ne ja che. nighaMTu graMthono pAyo jainAcAryoe ja nAkhyo. paMca mahAkAvyo ane laghu kAvyomAM adhikAMza to jainonAM ja che. kaMbara jevA diggaja paMDitonA preraNAsrota hatA jIvakaciMtAmaNi jevAM nakAvya. tAmilano Adima graMtha hovAnuM gaurava jaina paMDita kRta zrIpurANamune ja che, je jainapurANa rUpe prasiddha thayuM. nIti tathA dharmagraMtha jeTalAM jainoe prastuta karyA, teTalAM anya dharmAvalaMbIo dvArA nathI thayA. A rIte pratyeka kSetramAM potAnI jJAna-vibhUtionA mUrta upahArasamarpita karanAra nisvArtha jainAcAryonuM tAmila janatA aharniza AdarapUrvaka smaraNa karyA kare che, ane bhaviSyamAM paNa karatI raheze. ApaNuM dAyitva A badhuM hovA chatAM paNa duHkhada vAta to e che ke "no: samatAsuddhino mavastunI - vizALa bhAvanAthI prerita thaIne jainAcAryoe jeTalA upayogI graMtha bahujana hitAya bahujana sukhAya tAmila vANI dvArA samarpita karyA hatA, te badhA zuM mAtra tAmila bhASIonI gupta nidhi raheze? tAmileyara bhASI zuM tenA jJAnalAbhathI sadAya vaMcita ja raheze? vizvamAnavanI to vAta dUra, ochAmAM ochuM bhAratavAsI to, je tAmila rAjyanI bahAra rahe che, teo bahumUlya jainagraMthonuM rasAsvAdana avazya karI zake che; te temanuM kartavya paNa che. bhAratamAM phelAyelA jainonuM te prathama kartavya hovuM joIe ke teo A tAmila jainagraMthone potapotAnI prAntIya bhASAmAM tathA rAjabhASA hindImAM paNa prakAzamAM lAve ane aMgrejI dvArA temane vizvavyApI banAvavAno samprayAsa kare. te eka mahAnatama puNyakarma ke jJAnayajJa haze.

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marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa

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prAstAvika 1 mahArASTra pradeza, jenI janabhASA marAThI kahevAya che, sAthe jainadharmano saMbaMdha jUno che. A pradezanA gajapaMtha parvatane sAta balabhadronuM nirvANasthAna mAnavAmAM AvyuM che, tuMgI parvatane rAma tathA kuMthugiri parvatane kulabhUSaNa-dezabhUSaNanuM muktisthAna mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. prabhAvakacaritanI kathAo anusAra vajrasena, kAlaka, pAdalipta, siddhasena vagere AcAryoe mahArASTramAM vihAra karyo hato. nayanandinA sakala-vidhividhAna kAvya anusAra AcArya vIrasena, jinasena, mahAkavi dhanaMjaya, tathA mahAkavi svayaMbhUdevanuM nivAsasthAna vATagrAma vahADa (vidarbha) dezamAM hatuM je mahArASTranA pUrva bhAga (vizeSataH amarAvatI, akolA, yavatamAla ane bulaDANA jillA)nuM pracalita nAma che. dhArAziva (usmAnAbAda), aMkAI (manamADa pAse), aMjanerI (nAsika pAse), elorA vagerenA guphAmaMdirothI tathA kolhApura, paiThana, zirapura vagerenA maMdirothI A pradezamAM jaina samAjanI samRddha avasthAnI khabara paDe che. 1. mahArASTranA ItihAsano prAraMbha IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdImAM sAtavAhana rAjavaMzathI thAya che. tyAre mahArASTrI prAkRta A pradezanI janabhASA ane rAjabhASA hatI. kAlAMtare A bhASAnuM je parivartita rUpa loka-vyavahAramAM rUDha thayuM tene apabhraMza kahevAmAM Ave che. sAtamI-AThamI zatAbdImAM prauDha sAhityanA mAdhyama rUpe pratiSThita A apabhraMzathI ja marAThI, gujarAtI, hiMdI vagere bhASAo vikasita thaI. AthI keTalAka vidvAnoe apabhraMza racanAone prAcIna hiMdI kahI che to keTalAke tene rASTrakUTakAlIna marAThI paNa kahI che. 1. tIrthavaMdanasaMgraha (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1965) pR. 130, 137 tathA 147. 2. prabhAvaka carita (nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, 1909) pR. 12, 44, 67, 102. 3. jaina graMtha prazasti saMgraha, bhA. 2 (vIra sevA maMdira, dilhI, 1963) pR. 27. 4. juo sahyAdri mAsika (pUnA, eprila, 1941)mAM prakAzita DaoN. tagArano lekha.

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202 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa AThamI zatAbdImAM apabhraMzathI svataMtrapaNe marAThIno vikAsa thavA lAgyo hato. Ano saMketa jaina graMtha kuvalayamAlA (san 778)mAM maLe che. prAcInatama marAThI zilAlekhomAM eka mahattvapUrNa zilAlekha zravaNabelagolamAM dasamI zatAbdImAM nirmita gomyuTezvara mahAmUrtinA caraNo pAse che. karNATakanA mahAkavi paMpanA vikramArjana-vijaya (sanuM 932) tathA jannanA anantanAthapurANa (san 1210)mAM keTalAka marAThI vAkyono prayoga maLe che tathA gujarAtanA mahAkavi yazazcandranA rAjImatIprabodha (san 1128) tathA nayacandranI raMbhAmaMjarI (caudamI zatAbdI)mAM paNa keTalIka marAThI paMktio che. dasamI zatAbdInA zrIpatinI jyotiSaratnamAlA athavA bAramI zatAbdInA mukundarAjano vivekasiMdhu marAThI sAhityano AdyagraMtha mAnavAmAM Ave che. teramI zatAbdImAM jJAnezvara ane cakradhara dvArA tathA caudamI zatAbdImAM temanA ziSyo dvArA marAThImAM vipula sAhitya-racanA thaI. durbhAgye A pAMca zatAbdIomAM koI jaina lekhaka dvArA marAThImAM lakhela koI graMtha hajI sudhI upalabdha thayo nathI. A avadhinA keTalAya jaina zilAlekho kolhApura, akkalakoTa, aMjanerI, pAtra, vajIrakheDa vagere sthAnomAM maLe che, paraMtu te saMskRta ke kannaDamAM che. marAThI jaina sAhitya paMdaramI sadIthI upalabdha thAya che. AnI pahelAMnA graMtha kAM to hajI prakAzamAM nathI AvI zakyA ke lakhavAmAM ja AvyA na hatA. 1. kuvalayamAlA (siMdhI graMthamALA, muMbaI, 1959) pR. 152. ahIM aDhAra dezI bhASAono upayoga karanAra vepArIonuM eka eka gAthAmAM varNana che, temAM eka maraddha paNa che. 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1 (mANikacandra graMthamAlA, muMbaI, 1928), pR. 157. 3. prAcIna marAThI jaina sAhitya (suvicAra prakAzana maMDala, nAgapura, pUnA, 1968) pR. 10. (AgaLa A graMthanA saMdarbho prA.ma. evA saMketathI sUcavela che.) 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2 (mANikacandra graMthamAlA, muMbaI, 1952), pR. 85, 482; bhAga-3 (1957) pR. 39, 53, 335; bhAga 4 (bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1965) pR. 86, 113, 135, 192, 166, 209.

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prAstAvika - 203 marAThI jaina sAhityanuM adhyayana vartamAna zatAbdInA prathama caraNamAM lagabhaga 20 jUnI marAThI jaina racanAo mudrita thaI hatI, paraMtu marAThI sAhityanA ItihAsakAronuM dhyAna temanI tarapha AkRSTa na thayuM. prasiddha ItihAsa graMtha mahArASTra sArasvata (1924)mAM zrI vinAyakarAva bhAvee "marAThImAM jaina matano vistRta anuvAda thayo haze" evI saMbhAvanA prakaTa karI che (caturtha saMskaraNa pRSTha 23ra), paraMtu kAmarAjakRta sudarzanacaritranA nAmamAtra ullekha (pRSTha 58) sivAya anya kaMI paNa vivaraNa temane prApta thayuM na hatuM. muMbaInA mAsika vividhajJAnavistAra (me 1924)mAM zrI zeSarAja pArisavADe tAMjoranA traNa hastalikhita graMtho - guNadAsakRta zreNikacaritra, mahIcandrakRta AdipurANa tathA devendrakIrtikRta kAlikApurANano paricaya Apyo, paraMtu temane e jJAta na hatuM ke AdipurANa ane kAlikApurANa chapAI cUkyA hatA. AdipurANanA kartAnuM nAma temaNe brahmajinadAsa mAnI lIdhuM hatuM. san 1946mAM TIkamagaDhathI prakAzita premI abhinaMdana graMthamAM zrI rAvajI nemacaMda zAhe potAnA eka lekhamAM marAThI jaina sAhityanuM vivaraNa ApyuM che. temAM jUnA sAhityikomAM phakta kavIndrasevaka ane mahatisAgarano ullekha mAtra che, bAkI badhuM vivaraNa Adhunika marAThI lekhako vize che. jUnA marAThI jaina sAhityanuM prathama vistRta vivaraNa ame sanmati mAsika (bAhubalI, ji. kolhApura, navembara 1955) tathA mahArASTra sAhitya patrikA saimAsika, pUnA jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 1956)mAM prakAzita be lekhomAM ApyuM hatuM. AmAM 12 kavionuM vivaraNa hatuM. pAchaLanA keTalAka varSomAM prakAzita pustako ane lekhothI jJAta kavionI saMkhyA 20 thaI gaI. san 1961mAM kalakattAthI prakAzita bhikSu smRti graMthamAM prA. zAMtikumAra killedAre potAnA lekhamAM 32 kavionuM vivaraNa ApyuM che. tadanaMtara prA. subhASacandra akkolee A ja viSaya para pIeca.DI. upAdhi mATe prabaMdha lakhyo je pUnA vizvavidyAlaya dvArA san 1964mAM svIkRta thayo tathA suvicAra prakAzana maMDala, nAgapura-pUnA dvArA san 1968mAM prakAzita thayo. AmAM pa4 kavionI racanAonuM vivecana thayuM che. prastuta prakaraNamAM ame ukta prabaMdhanA prakAzana pachI jJAta thayela ATha kaviono paricaya paNa sAmela karyo che tathA pUrvajJAta kavionI keTalIka navI racanAono paricaya paNa Apyo che.

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204 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa marAThI jaina sAhityanuM vargIkaraNa upalabdha marAThI jene sAhityanuM vargIkaraNa cAra vibhAgomAM karI zakAya che. prathama vargamAM san 1450thI 1550 sudhInA pAMca-cha kavi Ave che. teo gujarAtI paMDitonA ziSyo hatA tathA temanI racanAo mATe gujarAtI graMtho AdhArabhUta hatA. bIjA vargamAM san 1550thI 1850 sudhInA lagabhaga 50 kavio Ave che. kAraMja, lAtUra ane auraMgAbAdanA bhaTTArako tathA temanA ziSyonuM AmAM mukhya sthAna che. temanI racanAo gujarAtI, saMskRta ane kvacita kannaDa graMtho para AdhArita che. trIjA vargamAM kolhApuranA bhaTTArako ane temanA ziSyo Ave che. temaNe saMskRta ane kannaDa graMthono AdhAra laI 19mI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhamAM sAhitya-racanA karI che. cotho varga Adhunika - san 1850 pachInA lekhakono che. saMskRta, prAkRta, kannaDa tathA hindI sAhityanA anuvAda uparAMta Adhunika lekhakoe kathA, kavitA, nATaka, nibaMdha, ItihAsa vagere vividha viSayo para vipula lekhana karyuM che. mudrita marAThI jaina pustakonI saMkhyA lagabhaga 400 che. A sivAya samaya-samaya para prakAzita cauda patrikAomAM paNa ghaNA upayogI sAhityanuM prakAzana thayuM che. prastuta vivecananA adhyAya 2mAM ame jUnA marAThI jaina sAhityanA traNa vargonA badhA lekhakono samayakramathI saMkSipta paricaya ApI rahyA chIe tathA adhyAya 3mAM cothA varganA Adhunika lekhakomAMthI keTalIka pramukha vyaktionI kRtiono paricaya ApI rahyA chIe. prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya AmAM san 1450thI 1850 sudhInA cAraso varSomAM thayela dara kavionI lagabhaga 200 nAnI-moTI racanAono ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che. AmAM padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa tathA kAlikApurANa A 3 moTA purANa che. 20 kAvyomAM zreNika, yazodhara, jaMbUsvAmI, sudarzana, bhaviSyadatta vagerenI kathAo che. samyaktakaumudI, dharmaparIkSA, puNyAgnava, ArAdhanAkathAkoza vagere 7 graMtho kathA saMgrahAtmaka che. anaMta, Aditya, sugaMdhadazamI vagere vratonI 26 kathAo che. AdinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha vagerenI kathAo para AdhArita gItonI saMkhyA 30 che tathA vibhinna upadezAtmaka gItonI saMkhyA paNa 30 che tathA upadezAtmaka padomAM kavIndrasevakanAM 545 tathA mahatisAgaranA 200 abhaMga ane pado ullekhanIya che. samakAlIna dharmAcAryonuM prasaMgAtmaka varNana 12 gItomAM tathA

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prAstAvika 205 vibhinna tIrthakSetronuM varNana 10 gItomAM che. pUjApAThonI saMkhyA 4, stutionI saMkhyA 16 tathA AratIonI saMkhyA 40 che. gaMbhIra viSayonA 10 graMtho che jemAM tattvavicAraviSayaka 5 tathA zrAvakAcAraviSayaka 5 graMtho che. ahIM varNita kaviomAM lagabhaga aDadhA bhaTTAraka athavA temanA ziSya-sAdhu ke brahmacArI hatA, bAkInA gRhastha hatA. prAyaH badhA kavioe potAnA gurano Adarasahita ullekha karyo che. AnAthI jyAM temanI gurubhakti prakaTa thAya che, tyAM temanA samaya nirNayamAM paNa sahAyatA maLe che. dharmAcAryonA A samakAlIna prazaMsAtmaka varNanothI mahArASTranA dhAmika ItihAsanI jANakArI meLavavAmAM khUba sahAya maLI che. guNakIrti, megharAja vagere 15 kavioe marAThI uparAMta gujarAtI, hindI ane saMskRta bhASAomAM paNa sAhitya-racanA karI che. keTalAya lekhakoe potAnA AdhArabhUta graMthonA spaSTa ullekha karyA che. lagabhaga 20 racanAomAM gujarAtInA, 10 racanAomAM saMskRtanA tathA pamAM kannaDanA graMthono AdhAra rUpe upayoga thayo che. gItonI racanA prAyaH svataMtra rUpe thaI che ane marAThInA sahajasuMdara rUpanI abhivyakti AmAM ja uttama rUpe thaI che. sAhityika dRSTie padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa tathA zreNika, jebUsvAmI, sudarzana, yazodhara vagerenAM carita-kAvya paThanIya che. vizeSa karI guNadAsa ane janArdananAM zreNikacaritra kAvyaguNothI paripUrNa che. bhaktibhAvanuM prakaTIkaraNa pUjA, AratI ane stutiomAM vizeSa rUpe thayuM che. A racanAo gAyananI dRSTithI vizeSa upayukta che. laya ane tAlane anurUpa temanI zabda racanA yogya vAdyonI saMgatimAM anokhA AnaMdanI sRSTi khaDI kare che. Adhunika marAThI jaina sAhitya san 1850 pachI aMgrejI zikSaNa paddhati ane mudraNa-vyavasAya tathA TapAla vyavasthAnA prasArathI badhA bhAratIya sAhityika kAryomAM vyApaka parivartana thayuM. marAThI bhASI jaina samAjamAM A navayugano sUtrapAta zeTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda dozI dvArA san 1884mAM sthApita mAsika jainabodhakathI thayo. tyArathI atyAra sudhI lagabhaga cAraso pustako prakAzita thayAM che. viSayonI vividhatA, lekhako tathA pAThakomAM vibhinna vargonI vyaktiono samAveza, gadyanI pradhAnatA tathA bhASAnI saraLatA A Adhunika sAhityamAM maLatI mukhya vizeSatAo che. prakAzita pustakomAM lagabhaga aDadhA prAcIna saMskRta-prAkRta graMthonA anuvAdo rUpe che. saraLa kathAonA

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marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 30 pustako che. prAyaH eTalA ja pustako kAvya saMgrahAtmaka che. zrAvakonI nityanaimittika vidhionuM varNana dasa pustakomAM che tathA eTalA ja pustako pUjApAThanA che. ItihAsa ane tIrtha varNanAtmaka viSayo para 30 pustako che tathA saraLa rUpe dharma tattvonuM varNana lagabhaga dasa pustakomAM prApta thAya che. sAmayika praznono vicAra 20 pustakomAM che. prAcIna marAThI sAhityanAM lagabhaga 30 pustako paNa chapAyAM che. 206 jUnA sAhityanA aDadhA lekhako sAdhuvarganA hatA, jyAre Adhunika sAhityikomAM sAdhuonI saMkhyA nagaNya che. jUnA sAhityanI racanA pUrva mahArASTra (vidarbha) tathA madhya mahArASTra (marAThavADA)mAM ja adhika thaI hatI, jyAre Adhunika sAhityanI racanA adhikatara dakSiNa mahArASTramAM thaI che. have ame lekhakonuM samayakramathI varNana karIzuM. *

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAro tathA temanI racanAo guNadAsa hajI sudhI jJAta marAThI jaina lekhakomAM guNadAsa sarvaprathama che. te IDaranA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtinA ziSya brahmajinadAsanA ziSya hatA. jinadAsanA rAmAyaNarAsa (saMvata 1508) ane harivaMzarAsa (saMvata 1520)nI prazastiomAM guNadAsano ullekha che. AnAthI temanA sAhityika jIvanano AraMbha san 1450nI AsapAsano spaSTa thAya che. marAThImAM temanI pAMca racanAo upalabdha che. temAM sahuthI moTI racanA zreNikacaritramAM cAra adhyAya ane 3000 ovI che. bhagavAna mahAvIranA samakAlIna magadha (dakSiNa bihAra)nA rAjA zreNika biMbisAranI manoraMjaka kathA AmAM varNita che. zreNikanI jIvanakathA bahuvidha prasaMgothI paripUrNa che. bALapaNamAM oramAna bhAIonI spardhA, tenA phaLasvarUpe ajJAtavAsa, naMdA sAthe vivAha, putra abhayano janma, pharI rAjyaprApti, videhanI rAjakanyA calaNA sAthe vivAha tathA tenA AgrahathI jainadharmano svIkAra, putra kaNikano virodha ane aMte kArAgRhamAM du:khada mRtyu - A badhA prasaMgonuM guNadAse saraLa ane sarasa bhASAmAM varNana karyuM che. temanI anya kRtiono paricaya A mujaba che - rAmacandra haladuliA 30 padyonuM gIta rAma vivAha viSaye che.' gAnDANe-A 6 padyonuM gIta che jemAM phariyAda rUpe jinadevanI prArthanA che."kSamAgItamAM kSamAnuM mahattva 6 padyomAM 1. bhaTTAraka saMpradAya (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura 1958) pRSTha 139. 2. pra. jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1964, saM. subhASacaMdra akole. 3. orI marAThIno sarvAdhika pracalita chaMda che. temAM aniyamita akSarasaMkhyAnA cAra caraNa hoya che - tathA sAmAnya rIte prathama traNa caraNomAM aMtyata yamakano prayoga thAya che. 4. sanmati, navembara 1959mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara. 5. sanmati, jUna 1960mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara.

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208 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa varNita che tathA vicUgItanA 5 padyomAM viSayavAsanArUpI vIMchIno prabhAva vairAgyarUpI jhADUthI dUra karavAno upadeza che.' guNadAse potAnuM nAma brahmaguNadAsa ke guNabrahma A be rUpe lakhyuM che. guNakIrti temanI racanAomAM paNa sakalakIrti, bhuvanakIrti ane brahmajinadAsano gurUrUpe ullekha che. AnAthI anumAna thAya che ke guNadAsanuM ja munirdIkSA pachInuM nAma guNakIrti haze. temanI sahuthI moTI racanA padmapurANa che. guNakIrtie AnA 28 adhyAya lakhyA hatA. baso varSa pachI ciMtAmaNi nAmaka kavie AmAM sAta adhyAya joDyA tathA temanA pachI keTalAka ja varSo pachI puNyasAgare ATha adhyAya bIjA joDI Ane pUrNa karyuM. AkhA graMthamAM 15OO0 ovI che. jaina paraMparAmAM pracalita rAmAyaNanI kathAnuM AmAM vistArathI varNana che. AmAM bha. AdinAthanA vairAgya-prasaMganA varNanamAM 345 ovI vistAravALu dvAdazAnuprekSA (saMsAranI anityatA vagere bAra bhAvanAonuM ciMtana) prakaraNa che jenI keTalIya svataMtra prato paNa maLe che. guNakIrtinI bIjI mahattvapUrNa racanA dharmAmRta gadyamAM che. zrAvakonA AcArano upadeza Ano mukhya viSaya che. sAthe ja jaina kathA, gaNita, tIrtha, tattvavarNana vagerenuM paNa saMkSipta varNana AmAM che. tyAjaya viSayo rUpe jainetara devatA, sAdhu, sAhitya vagerenA aitihAsika dRSTie mahattvapUrNa ullekho AmAM maLe che. graMthanI bhASA saraLa ane prabhAvapUrNa che. guNakIrtinAM cha gIta paNa upalabdha che jemano paricaya A mujaba che - neminAtha pAlanA 19 kaDavakonuM 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 16-17. 2. zrI jayacandra zrAvaNe, vardhA dvArA 1902thI 1908 sudhI pAMca bhAgamAM prakAzita. 3. sanmati, ogasTa 1959mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara; mudrita padmapurANamAM A prakaraNa nathI maLatuM. 4. pra. jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1960, saM. vi. joharApurakara; AnuM eka saMskaraNa dharmavilAsapurANa nAme adappA bApU pasAbAe baMdhu padmaSNAnI smRtimAM kurudavADathI san 1904mAM prakAzita karyuM hatuM, tyAre AnA kartAno paricaya maLI zakyo na hato.

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 209 che, temAM bALaka neminAthanuM jhUlAmAM jhUlavAnuM varNana che; neminAtha-vivAhamAM 44 kaDavaka che, temAM zrIkRSNa dvArA neminAthanA vivAhasaMbaMdhano nizcaya ane vivAhanA prasaMge mAravAmAM AvatAM pazuonuM karuNa ThaMdana sAMbhaLI neminAthanuM virakta thavuM varNita che; neminAtha-jinadIkSAmAM 45 kaDavakomAM neminAthanI tapasyA ane muktinuM varNana che", rukmiNIharaNamAM 64 kaDavakomAM zrIkRSNa dvArA rukmiNInAM haraNanI manoraMjaka kathAnuM varNana che, AnI prazastimAM kavie potAno janma jaisavAla jAtimAM thayela evuM batAvyuM che, rAmacandra phAgamAM 31 kaDavakomAM rAmanA vasaMtautsavanuM varNana che tathA dhandA gItamAM 6 padyomAM Ihalokano dhaMdho choDI paralokano dhaMdho karavAno upadeza che.* vivekavilAsa, nemIzvara-rAjamatI-phAga tathA sItAdivyagIta nAme guNakIrtinI gujarAtI racanAo paNa upalabdha che. temanA caupadI nAmanAM pada paNa maLyAM che jemanI bhASAmAM gujarAtI ane marAThInuM mizraNa maLe che." jinadAsa teo bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrtinA ziSya ujjatakIrtinA ziSya hatA. AthI temano samaya paMdaramI sadInuM aMtima caraNa nizcita thAya che. temano janma devagiri (dolatAbAda)mAM thayo hato. tyAM ja temaNe chaMda, vyAkaraNa, tarka vagerenuM adhyayana karyuM. temanI ekamAtra kRti harivaMzapurANa che, jemAM bha. neminAtha tathA zrIkRSNa saMbaMdhI jaina paraMparAnI kathAo vistArathI varNita che. jinadAse A purANanA papa adhyAya lakhyA hatA. baso varSa pachI puNyasAgare 12 adhyAya bIjA joDI A racanA pUrNa karI. AkhA graMthanI evI saMkhyA 11000 che. jinadAsanI racanAmAM pAMDitya ane kavitva baMnenuM darzana thAya che. 1. dharmAmRtanA pariziSTamAM ame A traNa gIto prakAzita karyA che. 2-3. A be gIta sanmatimAM san 1965mAM dhArAvAhika rUpe prakAzita thayA che, saM. subhASacandra akole. 4. prA. A., pRSTha 24. 5. AnI hastalikhita prato amArA saMgrahamAM che. 6. pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, 107. . Jal5 ducation International

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210 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa megharAja teo brahmajinadAsanA ziSya brahmazAMtidAsanA ziSya hatA. AthI temano samaya soLamI sadInuM prathama caraNa nizcita thAya che. marAThImAM temanI cha kRtio upalabdha che. AmAM sahuthI moTI kRti jasodhararAsamAM 5 adhyAya ane 1164 ovI che. yaudheya dezanA rAjA yazodharanI kathA para keTalAya jaina kavioe kAvya lakhyAM che. megharAje A paraMparAgata kathAnuM sarasa varNana karyuM che. patnInA durAcArathI udvigna rAjA yazodhara mAtAnA AgrahathI pazubalino saMkalpa kare che, ane A pApanAM phaLasvarUpe keTalAya janmo sudhI pazugatinAM duHkho sahe che, aMte jinadharmano upadeza prApta karavAthI teno uddhAra thAya che. kathA rocaka DhaMgathI varNita che. megharAjanI anya racanAono paricaya A mujaba che - pArzvanAtha bhavAMtaramAM 47 kaDavakomAM bha. pArzvanAtha ane mAtA vAmAdevInA saMvAda rUpe temanA pUrvajanmonuM varNana che, rAmAyaNI kathAmAM rAjA dazarathane temanA cAra putra eka-eka kathA saMbhaLAve che. kRSNagItamAM 76 kaDavaka che tathA rukmiNI, satyabhAmA ane jAMbavatI dvArA zrIkRSNanI kathAonuM varNana che, gomeTasvAmI gItamAM traNa kaDavakomAM zravaNabelagolanA bha. bAhubalInI stuti che tathA gUjarI mahADI gItamAM giranAranI yAtrA karanArI eka gujarAtI ane eka marAThI mahilAno saMvAda che, AnI eka paMkti gujarAtImAM ane bIjI marAThImAM che, AmAM 13 kaDavako che. megharAje gujarAtImAM zAMtinAthacarita ane tIrthanaMdanA A be racanAo paNa lakhI che. kAmarAja teo paNa brahmazAntidAsanA ziSya hatA. temanI mukhya racanA sudarzanacaritramAM 14 adhyAya ane lagabhaga eka hajAra ovI che. brahmacarya aNuvratanA pAlana mATe rAjAnI paTarANInI praNaya-prArthanA nakAranAra sudarzana zreSThInI rocaka kathA 1. pra. jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1959, saM. subhASacandra akkole. 2. prA. ma., pRSTha 30-32. 3. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA tathA jayacaMdra zrAvaNe, vardhAe AnAbe saMskaraNo prakAzita karyA hatA (varSa jANI zakAyuM nathI), paraMtu baMne e graMthano lagabhaga aDadho bhAgachoDIne saMkSipta saMskaraNa bahAra pADyA hatA.

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 211 AmAM varNita che. kAmarAjanI bIjI racanA caitanyaphAgamAM 14 padyo che. A gItamAM zarIrarUpI piMjarAmAM baMdI caitanyarUpI rAdho (popaTa)ne muktino mArga batAvavAmAM Avyo che. temanI trIjI racanA dharmaphAga che. temAM 13 padyomAM dharmathI prApta thanAra sukhonuM varNana che. sUrijana teo paNa brahmazAMtidAsanA ziSya hatA. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA paramahaMsa kathA che. te gadya-padyamaya mizra racanA che tathA lagabhaga eka hajAra zloko jeTalo teno vistAra che. te rUpaka kathA che - paramahaMsa (AtmA) rAjA, cetanA rANI, rAjaputra mana, sAvakI mA mAyA, zatru moha evA rUpako dvArA AtmAnI mukti-prAptinI kathA AmAM varNita che. sUrijane aMtima prazastimAM samakAlIna bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa no paNa ullekha karyo che. nAgo AyA teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka mANikasenanA ziSya hatA. temano samaya san 1540nI AsapAsano che. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA yazodharacaritramAM 5 adhyAya ane 292 ovI che.* vAdirAjanA saMskRta graMthanA AdhAre A kAvya lakhavAmAM AvyuM che. AnI racanA vairATa dezanA koTa nagara (saMbhavita vartamAna AkoTa, ji. akolA)nA AdinAtha maMdiramAM thaI hatI. guNanaMdi teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNanA ziSya hatA. AthI temano samaya san 1. sanmati, navembara 1959mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara. 2. svAdhyAya raimAsika, ogasTa 1965mAM zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA dvArA likhita kAmarAju racita marAThI phAgukAvya zIrSaka lekhamAM caitanyaphAga ane dharmaphAga chapAyAM che. 3. pra. jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1960, saM. subhASacaMdra akkole. 4. jJAnabhUSaNanI prazaMsA sahita marAThImAM likhita eka AratI amArA saMgrahamAM che. AmAM 4 . kaDavako che, paraMtu lekhakanuM nAma maLatuM nathI. 5. megharAja kRta jasodhararAsanA pariziSTamAM prakAzita (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1959), saM. vi. joharApurakara.

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marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 1580nI AsapAsa nizcita thAya che. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA yazodhara purANamAM ATha adhyAya ane 1316 ovI che. moraMbapuranA mAlAtIrtha caityAlayamAM kavie A graMtha lakhyo. AnI racanA sakalakIrtinA saMskRta graMthanA AdhAre thaI. marAThImAM yazodharanI kathA para A trIjI kRti che je kAvyadRSTithI pUrvaracita be graMthonI apekSAe sarasa che. abhayakIrti teo ajitakIrtinA ziSya hatA. temanI AdityavratakathA zaka 1535mAM tathA anaMtavratakathA zaka 1538 (san 1616)mAM pUrNa thaI hatI. anaMtavratakathAmAM 255 ovI che. bhAdrapada zukla ekAdazIthI trayodazI sudhI ekAzana ane caturdazIe upavAsa karI prathama cauda tIrthaMkaronI pUjA anaMtavratamAM karavAmAM Ave che. tenA pAlanathI soma brAhmaNanI daridratA naSTa thaI tathA AgalA janmamAM tene rAjavaibhava prApta thayo. 212 vIradAsa (pAsakIrti) temano janma sohitavAla jAtimAM thayo hato. kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka kumudacandra tathA temanA uttarAdhikArI bha. dharmacandrano temaNe gururUpe ullekha karyo che. temanA hAthe lakhelI guNakIrtikRta anuprekSAnI prata upalabdha che tathA temanA dvArA adhyayanamAM prayukta vizvatattvaprakAza tathA paMcastavanAvasUri A be hastalikhita graMtha paNa prApta thayA che. temanuM saMsArI nAma vIradAsa tathA munidIkSA pachInuM nAma pAsakIrti hatuM. dharmacandre temane auraMgAbAdamAM bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita karyA hatA. temanA dvArA san 1947mAM pratiSThita jinamUrti bAlApuranA jainamaMdiramAM che. marAThImAM temanI cAra racanAo prApta thAya che. AmAM sahuthI moTI kRti sudarzanacaritra che. temAM 25 adhyAya ane 1650 ovI che. AnI racanA zaka 1549 (san 1627)mAM 1. bALAppA AlAse, kundavADa dvArA prakAzita (varSa jANI zakAyuM nathI.) 2. AdityavratakathAnI sUcanA amane sva. paM. nAthurAmajI premInA patrathI maLI hatI. anaMtavratakathA ame sanmati (me 1958)mAM prakAzita karI che. 3. prA. ma., pRSTha 44-46.

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 213 pUrNa thaI hatI. kAmarAjanA sudarzanacaritranuM A vistRta saMskaraNa kahI zakAya. A vistAra mukhyatve zrAvakadharmanA vistRta vivaraNane kAraNe thayo che. vIradAsanI anya racanAono paricaya A mujaba che - navakAramaMtraprakRtimAM 22 ovI che tathA namaskAra maMtranuM mahattva batAvyuM che; bahutarImAM nAma anusAra 72 ovI che tathA pratyeka ovIno prAraMbhano akSara varNamAlAnA kramathI rAkhavAmAM Avyo che, AmAM vividha dhArmika vicArono saMgraha che; neminAtha vahADa 40 padyAnuM gIta che, jemAM neminAthanA apUrva vivAha samArohanuM varNana che. dAmA paMDita teo dayAsAgaranA ziSya hatA. temano samaya sattaramI zatAbdInA uttarArdha che. temanI be racanAo upalabdha che. jaMbusvAmIcaritramAM 16 adhyAya ane 1915 AvI che. bhagavAna mahAvIra pachInI AcAryaparaMparAnA trIjA AcArya tathA aMtima kevalajJAnI rUpe prasiddha jaMbUsvAmInI kathA AmAM vaNita che. taruNa avasthAmAM temano vairAgya, ATha patnIone saMsAranI asAratA samajAvavA mATe kahevAmAM AvelI kathAo, dIkSA ane tapasyAnuM kavie sarasa varNana karyuM che. A graMthanuM eka parivardhita saMskaraNa ratnasAe pacAsa varSa pachI taiyAra karyuM hatuM. dAmAM paMDitanI bIjI racanA dAnazIlatapabhAvanAmAM 468 ovI che. AmAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA samavasaraNamAM dAna, zIla, tapa ane bhAva potapotAnI zreSThatAnuM pratipAdana kare che. dAmA paMDite AnI 285 ovI sudhI racanA karI hatI, bAkI bhAga bhAnukIrtie pUrNa karyo. 1. prA. ma. pRSTha 44-46. 2. sanmati, navembara 1959mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara. 3. sanmati, jUna 1960mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara. 4. umaramAM dayAsAgara dAmA paMDitathI ghaNA nAnA haze kemake dAmA paMDitanI dAnazIlatapabhAvanA pUrNa karanAra bhAnukIrti pachI temane bhaTTAraka pada maLyuM hatuM je AgaLa Apela bhAnukIrti ane dayAsAgaranA paricayathI spaSTa thaze. 5. pratiSThAna mAsika, auraMgAbAda, me 1960mAM Ano paricaya ame Apyo hato. 6. prA. ma., pRSTha 50,

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214 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa bhAnukIrti teo auraMgAbAda pIThanA bhaTTAraka pAsakIrti (jemano paricaya upara AvI cUkyo che) pachI bhaTTAraka thayA hatA. kAraMjAnA bha. dharmabhUSaNe temane A pada para pratiSThita karyA hatA. dharmabhUSaNanI jJAta tithio san 1650thI 1675 sudhI che, AnI ja AsapAsa bhAnukIrtino samaya samajavo joIe. dAmA paMDitanI dAnazIlatapabhAvanAno aMtima aMza temaNe pUrNa karyo hato, temanA cAra pada paNa upalabdha che jemanI padyasaMkhyA 4, 5, 7 ane 14 che. pahelAM padamAM pArzvanAthanI stuti che, bIjAmAM AtmAnubhavanA AnaMdanI carcA che, trIjA ane cothA vairAgyanA upadeza mATe che. dayAsAgara (dayAbhUSaNa) teo uparyukta bhAnukIrti pachI bhaTTAraka thayA hatA. dayAsAgara temanuM paheluM nAma hatuM ane dayAbhUSaNa bhaTTArakapada prApta thatI vakhate rAkhavAmAM Avela nAma hatuM. temano janma soheravAla jAtimAM thayo hato. temanA traNa graMtha upalabdha che. dharmAmRtapurANa mAM dasa adhyAya che. samyagdarzananA ATha aMgonA pAlana mATe prasiddha aMjanacora, anaMtamatI vagerenI kathAono A sarasa saMgraha che. bhaviSyadattabaMdhudatta purANamAM paNa 10 adhyAya che. dvIpAMtaronI yAtrA karanArA sAhasika vepArI bhaviSyadatta ane tenA lobhI sAthI baMdhudattanI manoraMjaka kathA AmAM varNita che. samyaktakaumudI mAM 11 adhyAya ane 2380 ovI che. zeTha vRSabhadAsa ane temanI ATha patnIone samyakta prApti thavAnA nimittabhUta addabhuta kathAono A saMgraha che. kavie bhaviSyadattanI kathA rAsa bhASA (gujarAtI)nA graMthanA AdhAre tathA bAkI be graMtha saMskRta graMthonA AdhAra para lakhyA che. cimanA paMDita temaNe kAraMjAnA bha. dharmabhUSaNa tathA lAtUranA bha. ajitakIrtino guru rUpe ullekha karyo che. AthI temano samaya san 1650thI 1675nI AsapAsa nizcita 1. pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, 1907. 2. prA.ma., pRSTha para. 3. pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vadhu, 1908.

Page #243
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 2 15 thAya che. te paiThana nagaramAM rahetA hatA. temanI 20 racanAo marAThImAM upalabdha che. tIrthagaMdanAmAM 36 zloka che tathA nirvANakAMDamAM varNita tIrtho ane keTalAka anya tIrthonuM saMkSipta varNana che. kacanera grAma (auraMgAbAdanI pAse)nA maMdiranA mUla nAyaka pArzvanAthanI AratImAM 5 padyo che. bhUpAlImAM 7 padyo che, te prAtaHkAlamAM jinanAmasmaraNa karavA mATe lakhavAmAM Avela gIta che. kAraMjAnA maMdiranA mUlanAyaka candraprabhanI AratImAM 5 padyo che. trikAla tIrthaMkara pUjAmAM 9 padyo che, bhUtakALa, vartamAnakALa tathA bhaviSyakALamAM thanAra tIrthakaronI A pUjA che. neminAtha-pAlanA 18 padyonuM gIta che, jemAM bALaka neminAtha jhUlAmAM jhUlavAnuM varNana che. gurugItamAM kAraMjAnA bha. dharmabhUSaNanI stuti che. jinamAtAnA 16 svapronuM varNana 6 padyonA gItamAM che. neminAtha bhavAMtara 11 padyonuM gIta che, jemAM mAtA zivAdevI ane neminAthanA saMvAda rUpe temanA pUrvajanmonuM saMkSipta varNana che. gomyuTasvAmI stotranA 6 zlokomAM zravaNabelagolanA bha. bAhubalInI stuti che. bALaka-chATI 11 padyonuM gIta che, bAlarakSA mATe prArthanAnuM A gIta che. AdinAtha-AratImAM 6 padyo che. mahArASTramAM pracalita keTalIka ramatomAM bALaka-bALikAo nAcatA nAcatA gIta gAya che, AvA keTalAka gIto paNa cimanA paMDite lakhyA che. temanAM nAma ane padya saMkhyA A mujaba che-phugaDI 3, jhaMpA 5, piMgA 4, layalAkhoTA 5, ceDUhalI 11 TiparI (be gIta) 4 ane 6. A gItonA mAdhyamathI ramatomAM paNa dhArmika bhAvanAono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo cimanA paMDitanI sahuthI moTI racanA anantavratakathAmAM 58 kaDavaka che. gIta rUpe AmAM anantavratapAlanA phaLanI kathAnuM varNana che. AnI prazastimAM paThana nagarano ane guru ajitakIrtino ullekha che. paiThananA munisuvratanI vinatI nAmaka cimanA paMDitanI gujarAtI racanA paNa upalabdha che.* 1. tIrthavaMdanA ane pArzvanAtha AratI amArA tIrthanaMdana saMgraha (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1965)mAM prakAzita thaI che. 2. jinendramaMgala ArAdhanA (a.jayakumAra doDala, hiMgolI, 1956)mAM A traNa racanAo prakAzita 3. jainI pAlane (pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, 1910)mAM prakAzita. 4. gurugIta ane AgaLanI racanAo mATe juo prA. ma., pRSTha 56-57.

Page #244
216 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa puNyasAgara teo paNa lAtUranA bha. ajitakIrtinA ziSya hatA, AthI temano samaya paNa san 1650thI 1975nI AsapAsa nizcita che. temaNe jinadAsaracita apUrNa harivaMzapurANamAM 12 adhyAya joDI tene pUrNa karyuM hatuM. temanI bIjI racanA ravivAvratakathAnA be saMskaraNo maLe che, ekamAM 180 ane bIjAmAM 332 ovI che. ravivAvrata ke Adityavrata ASADha zukla pakSanA aMtima ravivArathI zarU karI nava ravivAra sudhI karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. temAM upavAsa ke ekAzana karI bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI pUjA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. tenA pAlanathI guNadhara nAmaka zreSThiputra ane tenA parivAranI daridratA naSTa thaI ane padmAvatI devInI kRpAthI saMpannatA prApta thaI. vizAlakIrti (prathama). teo ajitakIrti pachI bhaTTAraka thayA hatA. temanA dvArA zaka 1592 (sanuM 1670)mAM sthApita naMdIzvara mUrti nAgapuranA moTA pArzvanAtha maMdiramAM upalabdha che. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA rukmiNI vratakathAmAM 15ra ovI che. zrIkRSNanI paTarANI rukmiNIe pUrvajanmamAM je vrata karyuM hatuM, tenuM zubhaphaLa A kathA dvArA batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A vrata bhAdrapada zukla aSTamInA divase upavAsa karIne karavAmAM AvatuM tathA pratyeka praharamAM eka vAranA hisAbe ATha vAra jinapUjA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. pata sAbAjI uparyukta vizAlakIrtinA ziSya paMta sAbAjInI sugaMdhadazamIvratakathA upalabdha che. temAM 261 ovI che tathA tenI racanA zaka 1587 (san 1665)mAM pUrNa thaI hatI. munine dUSita AhAra ApavAnA pariNAmasvarUpa eka rANIne aneka janmo sudhI kaSTa sahevuM paDyuM, tenuM zarIra durgadhayukta thayuM, pachI bhAdrapada zukla dasamIe upavAsa karI jinapUjA karavAnA phaLasvarUpa AgalA janmamAM tene uttama sugaMdhayukta zarIra prApta thayuM, sAvakI mA dvArA ApavAmAM AvelA kaSTa pachI te 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 60. 2. prA. ma., pRSTha 62. 3. Ano paricaya ane pratiSThAna mAsika, auraMgAbAda, me 1960mAM amArA lekhamAM Apyo hato.

Page #245
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya rAjarANI banI. brahmajinadAsanI gujarAtI kathAnA AdhAre A racanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. vizAlakIrti (dvitIya) teo devendrakIrtinA ziSya hatA. temano samaya nizcita nathI, paraMtu temanI racanA dharmaparIkSAnI eka prata zaka 1610mAM lakhelI upalabdha che, AthI san 1688nI pahelAnAM teo kavi che. dharmaparIkSAmAM 5 adhyAya ane 958 ovI che. vizAlakIrtie brahmajinadAsanI rAsabhASA (gujarAtI)nA graMthanuM A marAThI rUpAMtara taiyAra karyuM tathA jJAnasAgare Ane lipibaddha karyuM, evuM prazastithI jJAta thAya che. A graMthamAM hiMdu purANonI keTalIya kathAonI avizvasanIyatA vistRta udAharaNo dvArA spaSTa karavAmAM AvI che. padmakIrti teo lAtUranA bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrtinA paTTaziSya hatA. temanI eka nAnI evI racanA pArzvanAtha-AratI upalabdha che jemAM 5 kaDavaka che tathA cakrapuranA bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI stuti che. padmakIrti dvArA san 1680 ane 1686mAM sthApita keTalIka mUrtio upalabdha che. rAya 217 temanI eka nAnI evI racanA jinavaravinatI upalabdha che jemAM 16 zloka che. nirmalagrAmamAM zaka 1606 (san 1684)mAM A racanA pUrNa thaI hatI, evu aMtima zlokathI jJAta thAya che. eka zlokamAM kavie potAnA pitAnuM nAma mallAjI batAvyuM che. ratnasA temaNe zaka 1610 ane 1615mAM keTalAya marAThI jaina graMthonI prato taiyAra karI hatI. deulagAMvanA bagheravAla jAtinA sAhuA gotramAM temano janma thayo hato. temaNe dAmA paMDitanA jaMbUsvAmIcaritanuM parivardhita saMskaraNa taiyA2 karyuM hatuM. A saMskaraNamAM 14 adhyAya che. ratnasAe kAraMjAnA senagaNanA bhaTTAraka jinasenano gururUpe ullekha karyo che. 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 64. 2. prA. ma., pRSTha 66. 3-4.prA. ma., pRSTha 66-67.

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218 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa gaMgAdAsa -- teo mULa gujarAtI hatA ane kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka dharmacaMdranA ziSya hatA. gurunI AjJAthI marAThImAM paNa keTalIka racanAo temaNe lakhI. temAM sahuthI moTuM pArzvanAthabhavAntaragIta che jene kavie DaphagAna kahyuM che - Dapha nAmaka vAghanI saMgata sAthe te gAvAmAM AvatuM hatuM. emAM 47 kaDavakomAM bhagavAna pArzvanAthanA nava pUrvajanmonuM varNana che. tenI racanA zaka 1612 (san 1690)mAM thaI hatI. gaMgAdAsanI bIjI racanA cakravartI-pAlanA 21 kaDavakonI che. AmAM bharata cakravartInuM zizu avasthAmAM jhUlAmAM jhUlavAnuM madhura varNana che. neminAtha AratI (4 kaDavaka). tathA zrIpura-pArzvanAtha AratI (5 kaDavaka) A gaMgAdAsanI anya marAThI racanAo che. gujarAtImAM ravivratakathA, trepanakriyA vinatI ane jaTAmukuTa tathA saMskRtamAM paMcamerupUjA, kSetrapAlapUjA, saMmedAcalapUjA tathA tuMgIbalabhadrapUjA A temanI anya racanAo upalabdha che. 2 hemakIrti teo lAtUranA bhaTTAraka vidyAbhUSaNanA paTTaziSya hatA. temanA dvArA san 1696thI 1731 sudhI sthApita pAMca mUrtio ane yaMtra nAgapura ane siMdI (varSA)nA maMdiromAM upalabdha che. marAThImAM temanI cAra nAnI racanAo upalabdha che. temAM arahaMtapUjA (9 padya) ane bArasabhA AratI (3 padya) prakAzita thaI cUkI che tathA dazalakSaNadharmaAratI (4 padya) tathA tIrthavaMdanA (19 padya) aprakAzita che. temaNe gujarAtImAM arahaMtapUjA tathA saMskRtamAM pArzvanAthastotra tathA padmAvatIstotranI paNa racanA karI hatI. 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 68. 2. jainI pAlane (pra.jinadAsa cavaDe, varSA, 1910)mAM prakAzita. 3. AratI saMgraha (pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, varSA, 1926)mAM prakAzita. 4. AratI saMgraha (pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, varSA, 1904)mAM prakAzita. 5. pahelI kRti jinendramaMgalaArAdhanA (pra. jayakumAra dauDala, hiMgolI, san 1956)mAM tathA bIjI AratI saMgraha (pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, san 1904)mAM prakAzita thaI hatI. 6. hastalikhita amArA saMgrahamAM che.

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 219 makaraMda teo bha. hemakIrtinA ziSya hatA, AthI temano samaya paNa san 1669thI 1731nI AsapAsa samajavo joIe. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA rAmaTeka chaMdamAM 16 padya che. nAgapurathI 30 mAIla uttarapUrvamAM rAmaTeka nagara che, tyAMnA bhagavAna zAMtinAthanA mahimAnuM varNana A gItamAM che. maMdiranA prAkAra vagerenA nirmANamAM bhAga lenAra zrImAna lekarasaMgavI ane lADa gADAnakArIno AmAM ullekha che. najIkanA hiMdu maMdirono paNa kavie ullekha karyo che. mahIcaMdra teo lAtUranA bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrtinA paTTaziSya hatA. marAThImAM temanI agiyAra racanAo upalabdha che. temAM sahuthI moTI racanA AdinAthapurANa zaka 1618 (san 1696)mAM AzApuramAM pUrNa thaI hatI. AmAM 15 adhyAya ane 3253 ovI che. brahmajinadAsanA AdinAtharAsa para AdhArita A purANamAM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadevanI kathA pUrvajanmonA varNananI sAthe vistArathI kahevAmAM AvI che. mahIcaMdranI bIjI moTI racanA samyaktakaumudI mAM 13 adhyAya ane 1681 ovI che. AnI kathAo dayAsAgaranI samyaktakaumudInI jevI ja che. temanI nAnI racanAonuM vivaraNa A mujaba che - naMdIzvavratakathAmAM 150 ovI che. aSADha, kArataka ane phAgaNamAM zukla aSTamIthI pUrNimA sudhI aSTAdvikA utsava ujavavAmAM Avato hato jemAM naMdIzvara dvIpanA jinamaMdironI pUjA thatI hatI. A ja vratanA pAlanano mahimA A kathAmAM varNita che. Ane aDhAIvratakathA paNa kahevAmAM AvI che. garuDapaMcamIvratakathA mAM 91 ovI che. zrAvaNa zukla paMcamI 1. tIrthanaMdana saMgraha (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1965)mAM prakAzita (pRSTha 97-99) saM. vi. joharApurakara. 2. pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, 1901. 3. prA. ma., pRSTha 69, AgaLanI racanAono paricaya paNa A ja sthAne maLI zake che. 4. koMDAlI (ji. nAgapura)mAM upalabdha pothImAM Ano racanAkALa zaka 1607 batAvavAmAM Avyo che.

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marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa 2 ane SaSThIe upavAsapUrvaka jinapUjAnA vratanA pAlanathI garuDa nAmaka rAjAne prApta thayelA zubha phaLanI A kathA che. nirdoSasaptamIvratakathAmAM 120 ovI che. bhAdrapada zukla saptamIe upavAsa karI A vrata karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. AnA phaLathI rUpalakSmI nAmaka zrAvikAne uttama sukha prApta thayuM, paDosaNa dvArA IrSyAvaza mokalavAmAM Avela kALo sApa paNa tenA puNya-prabhAvathI ratnahAra banI gayo. neminAtha-bhavAMtaramAM 71 kaDavakomAM mAtA zivAdevI sAthe saMvAda rUpe neminAthanA pUrvajanmonI kathA varNita che. nemIzvaragItamAM 10 kaDavakomAM rAjamatInI viraha-vedanAnuM varNana che. mahAvIrapAlanA 16 kaDavakonuM gIta che, temAM bhagavAnanA janmotsavanuM varNana che. zAMtinAthastotra 11 zlokonI bhaktipUrNa racanA che. ciMtAmaNi-AratImAM aMbApuranA jinamaMdiranI tathA arahaMtaAratImAM naMdIpuranA jinamaMdiranI mukhya jina mUrtionAM prazaMsAtmaka varNana che. mahIcaMdranI eka hiMdI racanA kAlIgorIsaMvAda upalabdha che. temanA cAra ziSyonI marAThI racanAono paricaya AgaLa ApavAmAM Avyo che. mahAkIrti 220 teo mahIcaMdranA ziSya hatA. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA zIlapatAkA zaka 1620 (san 1698)mAM pUrNa thaI hatI. AmAM 3 adhyAya ane 552 ovI che. vezyAsakta patine caturAIthI sanmArga para lAvanArI satI caMpAvatInI rocaka kathA brahmajinadAsanI gujarAtI racanAnA AdhAre kavie marAThImAM lakhI che. ciMtAmaNi teo paNa mahIcaMdranA ziSya hatA. guNakIrtiracita apUrNa padmapurANamAM temaNe sAta adhyAya joDyA. kulabhUSaNa-dezabhUSaNa, jaTAyu, caMdranakhA vagerenI kathAo A adhyAyomAM varNita che. rAmakIrti 1. amArA saMgrahamAM A hastalikhita kathA upalabdha che. 2. zIlapurANa nAme jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA dvArA prakAzita, san 1909. AnuM be vA2 punarmudraNa paNa thayuM hatuM. zIlataraMgiNIpurANa nAme jayacandra zrAvaNe, vardhA dvArA paNa A kathA prakAzita thaI hatI, prakAzanavarSa jANI zakAyuM nathI.

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 2 2 1 - teo paNa mahIcaMdranA ziSya hatA. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA padmAvatI AratImAM 14 kaDavaka che. devI padmAvatInI pUjAvidhi A bhaktipUrNa racanAmAM varNita che.' devendrakIrti teo paNa mahIcaMdranA ziSya hatA. temanI vistRta racanA kAlikApurANa aneka daSTie mahattvapUrNa che. padmapurANanA jinadAsakRta gujarAtI rUpAMtarano AdhAra rUpe kavie ullekha karyo che. paraMtu AnI kathAvastuthI A ullekha pramANita nathI thato. 48 adhyAya ane lagabhaga 7000 ovImAM racita A graMthamAM kAlikA (padmAvatI)no mahimA batAvanArI kathAo che. sAthe ja samyaktakaumudI, dharmaparIkSA ane anaMtavratanI kathAo paNa AmAM sAmela karI levAmAM AvI che. Ano vizeSa mahattvapUrNa bhAga te che jemAM mahArASTranA jaina samAjanI bogAra jAtino liMgAyato sAthe virodha, bogAromAM aMtargata virodha, musalamAna rAjyakartAonA atyAcAra vagerenI kathAo vistArathI varNita che. puNyasAgara (dvitIya) teo auraMgAbAdanA bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrtinA ziSya AnaMdasAgaranA ziSya hatA. AthI temano kAryakALa sana 1700 AsapAsa sAbita thAya che. guNakIrtinA apUrNa pApurANamAM ciMtAmaNie sAta adhyAya joDyA hatA, puNyasAgare ATha adhyAya bIjA joDI A graMtha pUrNa karyo. A adhyAyomAM sItA-nirvAsana, lavakuzano janma, sItAnuM agnidivya, rAmano vairAgya, tapasyA tathA nirvANa vagere kathAbhAga varNita che. chatrasena teo senagaNanI kAraMjA zAkhAmAM samaMtabhadra pachI bhaTTAraka thayA hatA. kAgala (kolhApura najIka) nagaramAM zaka 1625 (san 1703)mAM temaNe AdIzvarabhavAMtara nAmaka gItanI racanA karI. AmAM 67 kaDavakomAM mahApurANanI kathA anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadevanA dasa pUrvajanmonuM varNana che. sarasvatI AratI (padya), 1. 2. prA.ma., pRSTha 73. prA.ma., pRSTha 76.

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222 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa ratnatraya AratI (8 padya) tathA naMdIzvara AratI (apUrNa rUpe prApta) A chatrasenanI anya upalabdha marAThI racanAo che. saMskRtamAM paMcamerupUjA, pArzvanAthapUjA, anaMtanAthastotra tathA padmAvatIstotra tathA hiMdImAM draupadIharaNa, samavasaraNa SapadI tathA jhUlanA te chatrasenanI anya upalabdha racanAo che. temanA ziSya hIrA, bihArI ane arjunasutanI keTalIka hiMdI racanAo paNa upalabdha che. saTavA teo lAtUranA bhaTTAraka mahIcandranA ziSya bha. mahAbhUSaNanA ziSya hatA. tethI temano samaya san 1718nI AsapAsa sAbita thAya che. temanI traNa racanAo marAThImAM upalabdha che. zivAnemisaMvAda 20 kaDavakonuM gIta che, jemAM neminAthanA vairAgya-prasaMganuM varNana che. kaMsAce pada 8 kaDavakonuM gIta che. kaMsa dvArA zrIkRSNanI hatyA mATe karavAmAM Avela viphaLa prayatnonuM AmAM varNana che. jinastutimAM 14 ovI che tathA arahaMtadevanA guNonuM varNana che. neminAthanA vairAgya viSayaka temanuM eka hindI gIta paNa upalabdha che. nIbA temanA be gIta zaka 1648nI hastalikhita pratimAM upalabdha thayA che, AthI temano samaya sana 1726nI pahelAMno sAbita thAya che, keTalo pahelAM - te hajI anizcita che. eka gItamAM zirapuranA aMtarikSa pArzvanAthanI stuti 5 kaDavakomAM che. Ane ahirANI gIta kahevAmAM AvyuM che. dhUliyA-jalagAMva jillAmAM pracalita AhIra bolIno prabhAva temanI bhASA para che. bIjA nemIzvara gItamAM 3 kaDavaka che. temAM neminAthanA vairAgyaprasaMganuM varNana che. yAdavasuta teo guNasAgaranA ziSya hatA. AthI temano samaya san 1718nI AsapAsa anumAnita che. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA aSTakarmaprakRti che, jemAM vividha vRttonA 222 padyo che. jJAnAvaraNa vagere ATha karmonuM paraMparAgata varNana AmAM nibaddha che. marAThImAM A viSaya para anya koI racanA prApta nathI. bIjI vizeSa 1. mA.ma., pRSTha 79, ratnatraya AratI amArA saMgrahamAM upalabdha che. 2. prA. ma., pRSTha 80, trIjI racanA amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. 3. prA. ma., pRSTha 109.

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prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 223 vAta e che ke AnA racayitA aMdha hatA evuM tenA prazastizlokothI jJAta thAya che. mANikanaMdi teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka devendrakIrtinA ziSya hatA. temanI pAMca nAnI racanAo upalabdha che. guru-AratImAM 4, candranAtha-AratImAM 5, zItalanAtha AratI (Ane samavasaraNa AratI paNa kahevAmAM AvI che)mAM 4 tathA anaMtanAtha AratImAM 5 kaDavaka che. anaMtanAtha AratImAM racanAkALa zaka 1646 batAvavAmAM Avyo che. mAsikanaMdInI pAMcamI racanA RSabhapUjAmAM 9 padyo che. jinasAgara teo paNa kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka devendrakIrtinA ziSya hatA. temanuM paheluM nAma jinadAsa hatuM. guru sAthe temaNe giranAra vagere tIrthonI yAtrA karI hatI. marAThImAM temanI 26 racanAo prApta che. temAM sahuthI moTI racanA jIvaMdharapurANamAM 10 adhyAya ane 1pa30 ovI che. uttarapurANa ane jIvaMdhararAsanA AdhAre tenI racanA zaka 16pa6mAM thaI hatI. rAjadrohI maMtrI kAThAMgAra dvArA jIvaMdharanA pitAnI hatyA, nirvAsita sthitimAM vItela tenuM bALapaNa, vidyAdhyayana, sAhasapUrNa yAtrAo, ATha vivAha, rAjayaprApti, vairAgya, tapasyA ane muktinA prasaMgo jinasAgare sarasa bhASAmAM aMkita karyA che. Adityavrata, anaMtavrata, puSpAMjalivrata, nirdoSasaptamIvrata, kalazadazamIvrata tathA sugaMdhadazamIvratanI kathAo jinasAgare lakhI 1. pra.ma., pRSTha 81. 2. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA dvArA 1904mAM prakAzita AratIsaMgrahamAM guru AratI prakAzita che, temanA ja 1925nA AratIsaMgrahamAM bAkI traNa AratIo prakAzita che. RSabhapUja amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. 3. "jinasAgarakI samagra kavitA' A saMkalana ame saMpAdita karyuM hatuM je jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura dvArA 1959mAM prakAzita thayuM che. anyatra prakAzita racanAonI sUcanA AgaLa ApavAmAM AvI che... jinadAsa caDe, vardhA dvArA san 1904mAM A prakAzita thayuM hatuM. AmAM racanA varSabhUlathI zakatA 1666 chapAyuM che. .

Page #252
marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che. temAM Aditya, anaMta nirdoSasaptamI ane sugaMdhadasamInI kathAo pahelAM paNa kavioe marAThImAM lakhI hatI, te upara lakhAI cUkyuM che. A pUrvavartI racanAo ovI chaMdamAM tathA saraLa bhASAmAM che. jinasAgaranI kathAo vividha vRttomAM ane prauDha alaMkArayukta bhASAmAM che AthI temano adhika prasAra thayo che. zaka 1646mAM racita AdityavratakathAmAM 46 padyo che. ziDa grAma (ji. parabhaNI)mAM zaka 1653mAM ricata anaMtavratakathAmAM 73 padyo che. nirdoSasaptamIkathAmAM 113 ane sugaMdhadasamIkathAmAM 136 padyo che. puSpAMjalivratakathAmA 102 pagho che. A vrata bhAdrapada zukla paMcamIthI navamI sudhI thatuM hatuM tathA temAM paMcamerusthita jinabiMbonI pUjA thatI hatI. kalazadasamIvrata zrAvaNa zukla dasamIe thatuM hatuM, tenI kathAmAM 49 pagho che. jinasAgaranI traNa anya kathAo paNa maLe che. zaka 1649mAM kAraMjAmAM racita jinakathA (tene jinAgamakathA ke jaMbudvIpakathA paNa kahevAmAM AvI che)mAM 212 ovI che. temAM cha kALa, covIsa tIrthaMkara ane bAra aMga graMthonuM saMkSipta vivaraNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. lahu-aMkuza kathA ziraDa grAmamAM zaka 1653mAM lakhavAmAM AvI hatI. tenA 79 padyomAM sItAnuM nirvAsana, lava-kuzano janma, temanuM bALapaNa, rAma sAthe yuddha ane aMte tapasyA ane nirvANano kathAbhAga varNita che. ziraDamAM ja zaka 1952mAM racita padmAvatIkathAmAM 65 padya che. mathurAnA ugravaMzIya rAjakumAra jinadatta dvArA karNATakanA humaca nagara ane tyAMnA padmAvatImaMdiranI sthApanAnI kathA temAM varNita che. jinasAMgaranI anya racanAonI paghasaMkhyA A mujaba che (viSaya temanA nAmothI ja spaSTa che)- bhaktAmarastotra (mAnatuMgakRta saMskRta stotrano samavRtta anuvAda) 50, AdinAtha stotra 10, zAMtinAthastotra 10, pArzvanAthastotra 18, vItarAgastotra 29, padmAvatIstotra 14, kSetrapAlastotra 9, zAMtinAtha AratI 3, mahAvIra AratI 5, sarasvatI AratI 5, padmAvatI AratI (be saMskaraNa) 4 ane 5, dasalakSaNadharma AratI (be saMskaraNa) 6 ane 7, jyeSTha jinavarapUjA 16 tathA kayako 14 (A gItamAM padmAvatIdevI paMcamakAla ane SaSThakAlanuM bhaviSya batAve che evI kalpanA che). saMskRtamAM paMcamerupUjA, naMdIzvarapUjA ane navagrahapUjA tathA hiMdImAM dazalakSaNadharma 224 1. sugaMdhadazamI kathAnI 73 citrothI yukta eka prata anya cAra bhASAomAM racita A ja kathA sAthe bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI dvArA san 1966mAM DaoN. hIrAlAla jainanA saMpAdanamAM prakAzita thaI che.

Page #253
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 2 25 savaiyA tathA skuTa 25 savaiyA A jinasAgaranI anya prApta racanAo che. lakSmIcandra teo kRpAsAgaranA ziSya hatA. temanI be racanAo maLe che. meghamAlAvrata kathA zika 1650 (sanuM 1728)mAM mAnanagaramAM pUrNa thaI hatI. temAM 69 ovI che. bhAdrapadanA zukla pakSanA prAraMbhika pAMca divasomAM meghamAlavrata karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, tenuM ja mAhAbhya A kathAmAM varNita che. temanI bIjI racanA jinarAtrivratakathAmAM 158 ovI che. te paNa mAnanagaramAM ja lakhavAmAM AvI hatI. mAgha kRSNa caturdazInA jinarAtridratanuM mAhAbhya AmAM varNita che. kavinuM kathana che ke bhagavAna mahAvIre pUrvajanmamAM A vratanuM pAlana karyuM hatuM.' sayA temanI be racanAo upalabdha che. covIsa tIrthaMkarastutimAM 26 paDyo che. AmAM munisuvrata tIrthakara saMbaMdhI zlokamAM pratiSThAna (paThana)nA munisuvratasamaMdirano ullekha che. bIjI racanA neminAthabhavAMtaramAM vividha vRttonAM 128 padyo che. zaka 1660 (san 1738)mAM racita A kAvyamAM neminAthanI kathA pUrvajanmo sAthe varNita che. soyarA - teo badheravAla jAtinA cavariyA gotranA arjunanA putra hatA. kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka samaMtabhadra temanA guru hatA. temaNe saMvat 1802 (san 1746)mAM deulagAMvamAM karmASTamIvratakathAnI racanA karI hatI. ASADha, kArtika tathA phAgaNanI zukla aSTamIe karmASTamI vrata karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. AnuM mAhAbhya batAvanAra A kathAmAM 117 ovI che. koI kannaDa racanAno AdhAra laI kavie A kathA lakhI hatI. 8 padyonI supArzvanAtha-AratI soyarAnI bIjI racanA * * 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 86. 2. Ano paricaya ane sAptAhika jaina bodhaka, solApuranA di. 29-9-69nA aMkamAM Apyo che. 3. prA. ma., pRSTha 87.

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226 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa che.' hiMdImAM kailAsa chappaya nAmaka nAnI evI racanA paNa temaNe lakhI hatI. temaNe potAnuM nAma ajunasuta lakhyuM che. yamAsA temaNe paNa potAnuM nAma arjunasuta rUpe lakhyuM che, paraMtu uparyukta soyarAnI sAthe temano zuM saMbaMdha che, te spaSTa nathI. kAraMjanA bhaTTAraka zAMtisenanA teo ziSya hatA. vatsagulma (vAsima) nagaramAM zaka 1673 (san 1751)mAM vividha vRttonA 326 padyonI AdityavratakathA temaNe lakhI hatI. A kathA para racavAmAM AvelI kRtiomAM A sahuthI vadhu alaMkRta ane vistRta che. arjunasuta racita kASThAsaMghanA bhaTTAraka vijayakIrtinI eka AratI upalabdha che, paraMtu te soyarAnI racanA che ke amAsAnI, te spaSTa nathI. yamAsAnI traNa AratIo paNa upalabdha che. paMcaparameSThI AratImAM 6, pArzvanAtha AratImAM 6 ane supArzvanAtha AratImAM 7 padyo che. temAM kAraMjA ane kAMcanapuranA maMdirono ullekha che. hindImAM AdinAtha-AratI, pArzvanAtha-AratI, padmAvatI-AratI tathA keTalAka chappAnI racanA paNa dhamAsAe karI hatI. tAn paMDita teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka zAMtisenanA ziSya hatA. AthI temano samaya san 1751thI 1768nI AsapAsano che. temanI pAMca nAnI racanAo upalabdha che. kacaneranA pArzvanAthanI stutimAM 11 padyo che. padmAvatI AratImAM 5, kSetrapAla AratImAM 7, samavasaraNa AratImAM 5 tathA pArzvanAtha AratImAM 5 padyo che. hiMdImAM gurustutinA keTalAka padyo paNa temaNe lakhyA hatA. 1. A amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. 2. prA. ma., pRSTha 88. 3. pahelI AratI jinadAsacavaDe, vardhA dvArA san 1926mAM prakAzita AratI saMgrahamAM chapAI che, bAkI be amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM upalabdha che. 4. prA. me., pRSTha 88. prathama be racanAo amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. aMtima racanA jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA dvArA san 1904mAM prakAzita AratI saMgrahamAM chapAI che.

Page #255
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 227 nyAhAla teo paNa zAMtisenanA ziSya hatA. gurunI prazaMsAmAM 7 padyonI eka AratI temaNe lakhI hatI.' ratana temanI cAra nAnI racanAo upalabdha che. kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka siddhasenanI AratImAM 10 padyo che. te saMvat 1826 (san 1770)mAM lakhavAmAM AvI hatI. jinezvara AratImAM 5, neminAtha AratImAM 6 tathA aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha AratImAM 4 padyo che. hiMdImAM rAmaTeka-zAMtinAtha vinatI tathA covIsa tIrthaMkara AratI A be racanAo paNa maLe che. dinAsA teo bagheravAla jAtinA hatA. temanI be nAnI racanAo prApta thaI che. zaka 1692 (san 1770)mAM racita bArAmAsImAM 13 padyo che. neminAthanI munidIkSAthI vyathita rAjumatInA virahogAra AmAM varNita che. bIjI racanA 6 kaDavakonuM eka pada che je vairAgyanI preraNA Ape che. vRSabha teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka dharmacandranA ziSya hatA. marAThImAM temanA be stotra maLe che. caMdraprabha ane padmAvatInA A stotromAM nava-nava zloka che. hiMdImAM ravivratakathA (be saMskaraNa) ane navavADI tathA saMskRtamAM nirdoSasaptamIvratodyApana e vRSabhanI anya racanAo che. temano samaya san 1772-77nI AsapAsa nizcita thAya che. devendrakIrtiziSya jayasiMganagaramAM zaka 1693 (san 1772)mAM thayela padmAvatI devInA pUja 1-2 A racanAo amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. AmAMthI siddhasena AratIno keTaloka bhAga . amArA "bhaTTArika saMpradAya' (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1958)mAM prakAzita che (pRSTha 23). 3. prA. ma., pRSTha 91. suSamA mAsika, nAgapura, eprila 1960mAM bArAmAsI prakAzita thaI che, saM. subhASacaMdra akole. 4. gopALa gaMgAsA rAuLa, kAraMjA dvArA prakAzita aSTakapUjAsaMgrahamAM A stotra chapAyA hatA. prakAzanavarSa jANI zakAyuM nathI.

Page #256
228 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa mahotsavanuM varNana 18 kaDavakonA padmAvatIpAlanA nAmaka gItamAM maLe che. AnA racayitAe potAnA gurunuM nAma devendrakIrti batAvyuM che paraMtu svayaM potAnA nAmano ullekha karyo nathI.' anantakIrti teo candrakIrtinA ziSya hatA. temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA dazalakSaNavratakathAmAM 188 ovI che. jayasiMgapeThamAM zaka 1697 (san 1775)mAM tenI racanA thaI hatI. bhAdrapada zukla paMcamIthI caturdazI sudhI uttama kSamA vagere dasa dharmAgonI pUjA karavAmAM Ave che. AnuM ja mAhAbhya A kathAmAM varNita che. janArdana teo paNa candrakIrtinA ziSya hatA. vAsima pAse zarkarAgrAmamAM zaka 1997 (sana 1775)mAM temaNe zreNikyaritranI racanA karI. A vistRta graMthamAM 40 adhyAyo che. guNadAsanA zreNikacaritranuM A parivardhita saMskaraNa kahI zakAya. navarasapUrNa kathA lakhavAno saMkalpa janArdane karyo hato ane te ghaNI hada sudhI potAnA prayAsamAM saphaLa rahyA che. marAThI jaina sAhityamAM kAvya-guNonI daSTie temanI racanA ghaNA UMcA staranI che. bhImacandra temanI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA guru-AratImAM 6 kaDavako che. kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka devendrakIrtinI prazaMsA A AratImAM karavAmAM AvI che. bhImacandranA hAthe saMvata 1837 (san 1780)nI lakhelI eka pothI upalabdha che, AnI ja AsapAsa temano samaya samajavo joIe.' rAghava temaNe kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka siddhasenanI stuti lakhI che. temAM 6 paDyo che. temanI bIjI racanA seTimAhAbhyamAM 11 kaDavako che. nAgapuranA bhosale-rAjadarabAramAM 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 112. 2. prA. ma., pRSTha 93. 3. pra. jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, 1904. 4. prA.ma., pRSTha 96. 5. Ano keTaloka bhAga amArA "bhaTTArakasaMpradAya" (pRSTha 27)mAM prakAzita che (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura 1958).

Page #257
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 229 sammAnita zeTha varadhAsAhajIe san 1788mAM eka jinamaMdiranuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM. A avasara para temanI prazaMsAmAM kavie A seTimAhAbhya lakhyuM hatuM. rAghavanI trIjI racanA muktAgiri-pArzvanAtha AratImAM 17 kaDavako che. guNakIrtikRta dharmAmRtanA keTalAka paricchedonuM padyamaya rUpAMtara karI rAghave paMcanamaskArastuti ane AdinAtha paMcakalyANika stuti A be kavitAonI racanA karI hatI. jinastuti, gurustuti ane vairAgya-upadezanA viSayamAM temanA 25 phuTa pado paNa upalabdha che. temaNe potAnuM nAma raghu ane rAghava lakhyuM che. temanI kavitAomAM siddhasenA uparAMta mahatisAgara, pabakIrti, vizAlakIrti, lakSmIsena vagere samakAlIna dharmAcAryonA AdarapUrNa ullekha che. kavIndrasevaka temanI racanAonI eka hastalikhita prata sana 1809mAM lakhelI maLI che, AthI temano samaya AnI pahelAMno che paraMtu keTalo pahelAMno che, te mAluma nathI thaI zakyuM. temanI mukhya racanA sumatiprakAzamAM 2372 ovI che. dillIdarabAramAM pachIthI vijaya prApta karanAra jaina AcAryonI kathA AmAM varNita che.* temanA 545 abhaMga paNa upalabdha che. A skuTa racanAomAM jinastuti, tIrthavaMdanA, gurastuti, dharmopadeza, dAMbhika vyavahAranI AlocanA vagere vividha viSayonuM bhAvapUrNa varNana che. 1. guNavANI mAsika, nAgapura, ogasTa 1958mAM prakAzita, saM. vi. joharApurakara. 2. amArAtIrthanaMdanasaMgraha(pR. 105)mAM prakAzita (jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, san 1965). 3. sanmati, sapTembara 1963mAM ame Ano keTaloka bhAga prakAzita karyo che. 4. prA.ma., pRSTha 111. 5. A ovI nI jevo marAThImAM bahupracalita chaMda che, AmAM be-be athavA cAra-cAra paMktionA keTalAka paDyo hoya che, be-be paMktionA padyomAM anyayamakano prayoga thAya che, cAra paMktionA padyomAM pharI bIjI ane trIjI paMktimAM anyayamaka thAya che. "kavIndrasevakAe abhaMga' A lagabhaga 200 abhaMgonuM saMkalana zrI hIrAcaMda dozI, zolApure 1922mAM prakAzita karyuM hatuM.

Page #258
230 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa bopa temanI eka nAnI evI racanA tIrthaMkara bhUpAlI prApta che. prAtaHkALe jinanAma smaraNa karavA mATe racAyeluM A gIta 16 padyonuM che. lekhakanA gurunuM nAma dayAlakIrti hatuM. temanI racanA san 1809nA hastalikhitamAM maLI che AthI tenI pahelAM temano samaya nizcita che, paraMtu keTalo pahelAM te mAlUma nathI thaI zakyuM.' mahatisAgara temano janma saMtavAla jAtimAM thayo hato. teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka devendrakIrtinA ziSya hatA. san 1772nI AsapAsa temano janma-samaya anumAnita che. lagabhaga 40 varSanI vaya sudhI vidarbhamAM temaNe nivAsa karyo tathA ghaNI sAhitya racanA karI. pachI dakSiNa mahArASTranA humaDa-gujara samAjanA zrAvakomAM dharma prasAra karatAM temane ghaNI lokapriyatA prApta thaI. san 1832mAM dahigAMvamAM temano svargavAsa thayo hato. riddhapuramAM san 1801mAM racita 29 zlokonI ravivratakathA temanI prathama racanA pratIta thAya che. bAlApuramAM san 1810mAM 147 zlokomAM AdinAtha paMcakalyANakakathAnI racanA temaNe karI hatI. dazalakSaNavratakathA (94 padyo), SoDazakAraNavratakathA (para po) tathA ratnatrayavratakathA (38 padyo). temAM mahatisAgare samaya ane sthAnano ullekha nathI karyo. A vratakathAonI apekSAe mahatisAgaranI phuTa racanAo-abhaMga ane pada-vadhu bhAvapUrNa ane mahattvanI che. tIrthaMkarastuti, paMcaparameSThI stuti, dAnaprazaMsA vagere viSayo para lagabhaga 200 abhaMga che. saMbodhasahastrapadImAM vividha dhArmika viSayo para upadezaprada eka hajAra pada lakhavAno saMkalpa mahatisAgare karyo hato, paraMtu 64 padonI racanA pachI temano svargavAsa thavAthI A kArya adhUruM rahyuM. arahaMta, pArzvanAtha, candraprabha, paMcaparameSThI, guru devendrakIrti tathA devI jvAlAmAlinInI AratIo temaNe lakhI che, tenI sammilita padya saMkhyA 50 che. guru devendrakIrtinA jIvanano paricaya ApatAM 10 padyonI eka lAvaNInI racanA paNa temaNe karI che. saMskRtamAM arahaMtapUja ane jvAlAmAlinIpUjA nAme temanI racanAo paNa maLe che. mahatisAgaranI racanAo 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 112.

Page #259
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya saraLa-subodha bhASA ane gAyana anukuLa zabda yojanAne kAraNe marAThI jaina samAjamAM khUba lokapriya thaI che. dayAsAgAra (dvitIya) temanI ekamAtra racanA hanumAnapurANa zaka 1735 (san 1813)mAM pUrNa thaI hatI. brahmajinadAsanA hanumaMtarAsanA AdhAre A sAta adhyAyonuM purANa lakhavAmAM AvyuM che, evu prazastimAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che. aMjanA-pavanaMjayanA prema ane virahanI kathA tathA rAma-rAvaNa yuddhamAM vIra hanumAnanA parAkramonuM kavie rocaka bhASAmAM varNana karyuM che. ratnakIrti teo kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka siddhasenanA ziSya hatA. amarAvatI nagaramAM saMvat 1869 (san 1813)mAM 40 adhyAyonA vistRta upadezaratnamAlA graMthanI racanA temaNe karI hatI. sakalabhUSaNanI saMskRta racanAnuM A vividha vRttomAM tathA vividha dRSTAMto dvArA suzobhita karavAmAM Avela marAThI rUpAMtara che. zrAvakonA cha kartavyo - devapUjA, gurubhakti, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa tathA dAna no upadeza A graMthamAM vistRta rUpe maLe che. 3 231 -- ratnakIrtinI bIjI vistRta kRti ArAdhanA kathAkoza che. nemidattanI saMskRta racanAnuM A rUpAMtara 52 adhyAyomAM pUrNa thayuM che. jJAna, darzana, cAritra ane tapanI ArAdhanA karanAra purANapuruSonI 120 kathAo AmAM varNita che. ratnakIrti tenA 27 adhyAya lakhI zakyA. bAkI bhAga temanA ziSya candrakIrtie zaka 1743 (san 1821)mAM dhArAziva (usmAnAbAda)mAM pUrNa karyo hato. 1. mahatikAvyakuMja nAme A badhI racanAono saMgraha vIracaMda kodarajI gAMdhI, phalaTaNe san 1935mAM prakAzita karyo hato. AnI pahelAM san 1903mAM jinadAsa cavaDe, varSA, san 1922mAM sakhArAma nemacaMda dozI, solApura tathA san 1928mAM nAnA rAmacaMda nAga, phalaTaNe keTalAka abhaMga tathA padonA nAnA pustako taiyAra karyAM hatA. 2. pra. jayacaMdra zrAvaNe, varSA, prakAzanavarSa jANI zakAyuM nathI. 3. bhaTTAraka lakSmIsenasvAmI, kolhApura, dvArA san 1965mAM prakAzita. 4. amarAvatImAM AnI hastalikhita prata upalabdha che.

Page #260
232 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa candrakIrti temanI traNa nAnI racanAo maLe che.' samedazikharamAhAsya 64 zlokonuM che tathA padmAvatI zrRMgAra varNana 24 kaDavakonuM. pahelI racanA zaka 1737 (sanuM 1815)mAM ane bIjI tenA AgalA varSamAM pUrNa thaI hatI. A baMnemAM kavinA guruno nAmollekha nathI. chatAMpaNa saMbhavataH A te ja candrakIrti che je ratnakIrtinA ziSya hatA. temanI eka anya racanA ravivratakathAmAM 174 ovI che. tenI prazasti anusAra temanuM saMsArI nAma antAjI paMta avadhUta hatuM. kAraMjAmAM teo ratnakIrtinA ziSya thayA hatA pachIthI vizAlakIrti gurue temane maMDalAcAryanuM pada ApyuM hatuM. nAgendrakIrti teo lAtUranA bhaTTAraka pade hatA. temanAM dasa phuTa pado prApta che. be padomAM candrakIrtino ane bemAM vizAlakIrtino gururUpe ullekha che. eka padamAM rAmakSetra (rAmaTeka)nA zAMtinAthanI ane ekamAM deulaghATanA candraprabhanI stuti che. badhA pado jinabhakti, gurubhakti ane vairAgya-bhAvathI paripUrNa che. temano samaya ogaNIsamI sadIno pUrvArdha - san 1825nI AsapAsano che. dilasukha teo kAraMjanA bhaTTAraka padmanadinA ziSya hatA. AthI temano samaya sanuM 1793thI 1823nI AsapAsa nizcita thAya che. temano svAtmavicAra nAmaka gadya graMtha upalabdha che. saMskRta tarka-graMthonI zailImAM AtmA saMbaMdhI vividha darzanonA vicAronI AmAM samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che. jUnI marAThImAM tarkazAstranuM vistRta vivecana A ja graMthamAM maLe che. 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 102. 2. AnI hastalikhita prata acalapuramAM upalabdha thaI. 3. AnI eka jIrNa pothI amArA saMgrahamAM che. jinapadharatnAvalI nAmaka nAnA evAM pustakamAM AnA keTalAka pado chapAyA paNa hatA. paraMtu AnA prakAzaka vagerenuM vivaraNa amane nathI maLI zakya. 4. prA. ma., pRSTha 107. "

Page #261
prAraMbhika tathA madhyayugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya 233 mANika teo paNa bha. padmanadinA ziSya hatA. temanI traNa nAnI racanAo upalabdha che - guru-AratI, navagraha AratI tathA devI padmAvatI lAvaNI. A traNenI padya-saMkhyA 5-5 che.' jinasena teo kolhApuranA bhaTTAraka hatA. marAThImAM temanA traNa graMtho upalabdha che. jaMbusvAmIpurANamAM 11 adhyAyo che. saMskRtamAM sakalakIrti dvArA racita graMthanA AdhAre jaMbUsvAmInI kathA AmAM suMdara zabdomAM varNita che. sakalabhUSaNanI saMskRta racanAnA AdhAre upadeza ratnamAlA nAmaka bIjo vistRta graMtha jinasene zaka 1743 (sanuM 1821)mAM lakhyo. zrAvakonA cha karmonuM sAruM varNana AmAM che. temano trIjo graMtha puNyAzrava kathAkoza zaka 17pa1mAM pUrNa thayo hato. AmAM nAgakumAra, sukumAra, cArudatta, bhaviSyadara vagerenI 79 kathAo vistArathI varNita che. A graMtha eka kannaDa racanAnA AdhAre lakhavAmAM Avyo hato.' lakSamIsenaziSya kAraMjAnA senagaNanA bhaTTAraka pada para zaka 1754 (sanuM 1832)mAM lakSmIna beThA hatA. A samArohanuM varNana temanA eka ziSya 5 kaDavakonA eka gItamAM karyuM che. A kavie potAnA nAmano ullekha nathI karyo. ThakApyA temano eka mAtra graMtha pAMDavapurANa 1772 (san 1850)mAM kolhApuranI 1. "devIcI lAvaNI' A gIta jinadAsa cavaDe, vardhA, dvArA san 1913mAM prakAzita padmAvatIcI gANI A pustakamAM maLyuM, bAkI be amArA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. 2. pra. kallAppA upAdhyAya, nAndaNI (kolhApura), varSa jANI zakAyuM nathI. 3. pra. kallAppA niTa, kolhApura, san 1898. 4. prA. ma., pRSTha 105. 5. A gIta ame anekAntaraimAsika, dillI, nA varSa 18 (pR. 223)mAM prakAzita karyuM hatuM.

Page #262
marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa najIka koganolI nagaramAM lakhavAmAM Avyo hato. nAgarAjanI kannaDa kRtinuM A rUpAMtara 32 adhyAyomAM pUrNa thayuM che. giriAppAnA putra hovAnA nAte kavie potAnuM nAma girisuta paNa lakhyuM che. teo kolhApuranA bhaTTAraka jinasenanA ziSya hatA. tukujI 234 temanI 5 kaDavakonI eka nAnI evI racanA kotako upalabdha che. te devI padmAvatInI prArthanAnuM gIta che. kavie potAnI jJAtino ullekha 'somavaMza' e zabdathI karyo che. temanA samayano nizcaya thaI zakyo nathI. rAyA temanI lakhelI keTalIka AratIo upalabdha che. temAM bAlakuMDanA pArzvanAtha, yAdagirInA mANikasvAmI, vaDagAMvanA zAMtinAtha, sItAnagaranA zAMtinAtha, jeuragInA kSetrapAla tathA gommaTasvAmI (zravaNabelagola)nI stuti che. temanI kula paghasaMkhyA 20 che. rAyAno samaya nizcita thaI zakyo nathI.2 keTalAka ajJAtakartRka graMtha jJAnodaya nAmaka 99 ovInuM eka praka2Na upalabdha che. AtmajJAnanI prAptinuM AmAM vivecana che. AnA lekhake gurunuM nAma zakrakIrti batAvyuM che, paraMtu svayaM potAno koI paricaya Apyo nathI. kuMdakuMdAcAryanA samayasAranI amRtacandrAcArya kRta AtmakhyAti TIkAnuM marAThI rUpAMtara upalabdha che. AnA kartAnA viSayamAM koI jANakArI nathI maLI zakI.4 samaMtabhadrAcAryanA ratnakadaMDa zrAvakAcAranI marAThI TIkA paNa upalabdha che. tenI bhASAzailI guNakIrtinA dharmAmRta jevI che. tenA raciyatAno paNa koI paricaya nathI maLI zakyo. 5 1. prA. ma., pRSTha 108, A graMtha chapAI cUkyo che, paraMtu AnA prakAzaka vagerenuM vivaraNa maLI zakyuM nathI. 2-3.prA. ma., pRSTha 110-111, 4 prA. ma., pRSTha 112. 5. A TIkA sanmati mAsikamAM san 1965mAM dhArAvAhika rUpe prakAzita thaI che, saM. subhASacandra akkole.

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3. vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo zeTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda dozI (1856-1936) marAThI sAhitya-racanAno prAraMbha gujarAtI vidvAno dvArA thayo, te upara kahevAI cUkyuM che. Adhunika marAThI sAhityanA pramukha unnAyaka paNa gujarAtathI mahArASTramAM AvI sthAyI rUpe vasanAra humaDa-gujara jAtinA zrAvaka hatA. temAM solApuranA dozI parivAranuM sthAna pramukha che. saMpatti ane vidyAno durlabha saMgama A parivAramAM dIrghakALathI banI rahyo ane tenA phaLasvarUpa marAThI jaina sAhityanI ghaNI vRddhi thaI. zeTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda A parivAranA pramukha hatA.' san 1884mAM temaNe jainabodhaka mAsika patranuM prakAzana zarU karyuM. marAThI jaina samAjane jAgRta karavAmAM A patranuM yogadAna mahattvapUrNa rahyuM. samAjanA samAcAra, jUnA tIrtho ane graMthono paricaya, rUDhionA Avazyaka sudhArAnI preraNA vagere viSayo para vistRta lekha A mAsika patramAM prakAzita thayA. zeThajIe tera varSa sudhI AnuM saMpAdana ane prakAzana karyuM. san 1901mAM solApuranI yUniyana klabamAM zeThajIe jainadharmanA mUlatattvo para bhASaNa ApyuM hatuM, je jainadharmAMcI mAhitI' nAmaka pustakamAM prakAzita thayuM che. san 1923thI 1928 sudhI samyaktvavardhaka nAmaka patrikAnuM prakAzana zeThajIe karyuM. sAmAjika rUDhionA sudhArAnI preraNA ApavI A patrikAno mukhya uddeza hato. A ja dRSTithI zAsanadevatApUjanacarcA, azaucanirNayacarcA, nirmAlyadravyacarcA, navadhAbhakticarcA A pustako paNa temaNe saMpAdita ane prakAzita karyA. samaMtabhadrAcAryanA ratnakAMDazrAvakAcAranuM marAThI tathA hiMdI anuvAda sahita pokeTabuka jevuM saMskaraNa, amRtacandrAcAryanA tattvArthasAranA caturtha adhyAya para AdhArita 'pApapuNyAcI kAraNe', saraLa kathAo rUpe prakAzita 1. dInAnAtha bApUjI maMguDakara dvArA likhita vistRta jIvanacaritramAM seThajI ane temanA parivAranA kAryono paricaya maLe che. A pustaka seThajInA suputra ratanacaMda hirAcaMde san 1967mAM prakAzita karyuM che.

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236. marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa pArzvanAthacaritra tathA mahAvIracaritra tathA SoDazakAraNabhAvanA vagere upadezaprada - nibaMdhasaMgraha zeThajInA anya pustako che. cavaDe baMdhu prAcIna marAThI jaina sAhityanA prakAzaka rUpe zrI jinadAsa nArAyaNa cavaDe, vardhA, no ghaNI vAra ullekha thaI cUkyo che. temanA be baMdhuo nemacaMda cavaDe ane gaNapatarAva cavaDee Adhunika marAThImAM sArI racanAo karI che. jaina dharmAmRtasAra, jaina vratakathAsaMgraha tathA saMgIta nirvANakSetrapUjA A traNa racanAo sana 1894mAM nemacaMda cavaDee lakhI ane prakAzita karI. "saMgIta suzIla manoramA' nATaka sana 1902mAM prakAzita thayuM. jaina bhajanAmRta saMgIta pada (1910), saMgIta jaina kirtanAvali (1918) tathA sItAzIla mahAbhya ane lavAMkuza caritra (1925) - A temanI anya kRtio che. gaNapatarAva cavaDee garvaparihAra nATaka (1907). tathA hanumAnacaritra (1912) e pustako lakhyAM che. temaNe jainabaMdhu mAsika patranuM (prAraMbha sana 1908) paNa keTalAka varSo sudhI saMpAdana karyuM hatuM. kRNAjI nArAyaNa jozI belagAMvanA A vidvAna dvArA sana 1897-98mAM amRtacaMdrAcArya kRta purUSArthasidhdhapAya, nemicandrAcAryakRta dravyasaMgraha, harizcandrakRta dharmazarmAlyudaya mahAkAvya (prathama traNa sarga), bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti subhASitAvalI, mallibhAcAryakRta sajjanacittavallabha tathA samantabhadrAcAryavRta jinacaturvizati (svayaMbhUostotra A cha graMthono marAThImAM anuvAda thayo hato. bAlacaMda kasturacaMda gAMdhI, dhArAzivavALAe A pustako prakAzita karyA hatAM. nAnA rAmacaMdra nAga phalaTaNanA A brAhmaNa vidvAna brahmacArI hIrAcaMda amolikanA upadezathI jaina dharma svIkAryo hato. sana 1895mAM temaNe hIrAcaMda viracita padono eka saMgraha prakAzita karyo, temAM lagabhaga 100 pado hiMdInA ane 12 marAThInA che. 1. hirAcabda amolika (1839-1892)e nacaritra, paMcapUjA tathA jaina rAmAyaNa A pustako paNa lakhyA hatA evuM varNana maLe che paraMtu A pustako amArA avalokanamAM nathI AvI zakyA.

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vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo 237 tattvArthasUtra (1905), pratikramaNa (1913) tathA pAhuDa (1928) A graMthonA anuvAda tathA bhAratI sacitra bAlabodha chAtropayogI pAThya pustakanA be bhAga e nAga mahodayanA prakAzita pustako che. kalAppA bharamAppA niTave teo kolhApuranA jainendra mudraNAlayanA saMcAlaka hatA. sana 1898mAM temaNe jainabodhakanuM saMpAdaka pada svIkAryuM tathA lagabhaga 18 varSa sudhI A mAsika patranA mAdhyamathI aneka mahattvapUrNa prAcIna graMthono marAThI anuvAda prakAzita karyo. samaMtabhadrAcAryakRta AptamImAMsA, kuMdakuMdAcAryakRta paMcAstikAya tathA rayaNasAra, amitagati AcAryazrata zrAvakAcAra, somasena bhaTTArakakRta saivarNikAcAra, ajJAtakartaka samyaktakaumudI, paMDita AzAbarakRta sAgAradharmAmRta tathA jinasenAcAryakRta mahApurANa eTalA teo dvArA rUpAMtarita graMtho che. zrAvakonA nityakarma-pUjA vagerenuM varNana kriyAmaMjarI pustakamAM temaNe saMkalita karyuM hatuM. tAtyA neminAtha pAMgaLa - teo bArjInA pratiSThita vidvAna hatA. temanA pitAmaha anaMtarAje marAThImAM ghaNA bhaktipUrNa padonI racanA karI hatI. ratnatrayamArgapradIpa (1905) pustakamAM temanA putre A pado saMkalita karyA hatA. tAtyAsAhebe pitAmahanI A paraMparAne jALavI rAkhI. paMcakalyANika tathA satI anaMtamati (1906) temanI prAraMbhika kAvyaracanAo che. kuMdakuMdAcAryacaritramAM temaNe bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachInI pAMca zatAbdIonA jaina samAjano ItihAsa saMkalita karyo hato (1907). vaMde jinavarama (prAraMbha 1908) mAsika patranuM saMpAdana temaNe ghaNA varSo sudhI karyuM. sAmAjika pragati ane aitihAsika jJAnanI vRddhi mATe upayogI mahattvapUrNa lekho A patramAM prakAzita thayA hatA. tIrthakaracaritra (1909)mAM guNabhadrAcAryanA uttarapurANanuM saMkSipta rUpAMtara teoe prastuta karyuM hatuM. pUnAnI vasaMta vyAkhyAnamALAmAM ApelA temanA bhASaNanuM "jaina dharma' nAmaka pustaka rUpe prakAzana thayuM hatuM (1921). A ja pustakamAM lokamAnya tilakanuM jaina dharma viSayaka bhASaNa paNa saMkalita che. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI solApuranA dozI parivAranA sAhityAnurAgI zrImaMtomAM zeTha hIrAcaMdanI pachI

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238 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa temanuM pramukha sthAna che. jainabodhakanuM saMpAdana kArya temaNe lagabhaga pAMca varSa sudhI karyuM (1914-18). AnI pahelAM tattvArthasUtra ane AtmAnuzAsana graMthono marAThI anuvAda teo karI cUkyA hatA. paMDita gopAladAsa bAraiyAnI jaina siddhAMta pravezikA ane sArvadharma tathA paMDita jugalakizora muddhArakRta graMthaparIkSA pustakono paNa marAThI anuvAda temaNe karyo. pUnAnA viSNuzAstrI bApaTe jaina darzanasAra nAmaka pustaka lakhyuM hatuM. temAM karavAmAM AvelI AlocanAno paMDita baMsIdhare hiMdImAM uttara Apyo, je temaNe marAThImAM rUpAMtarita karyo (1918). AcArya zAMtisAgaracarita (1924), jAti kI mImAMsA (1925), paMDita sadAsukhakRta ratnakaraMDavacanikAno anuvAda (1954), paMDita pannAlAlakRta mahApurANanI AlocanAnI samIkSA (1954) tathA bhagavAna neminAtha (1958) A sarala kathArUpa pustaka - A temanI racanAo prakAzita thaI che. dattAtraya bhimAjI raNadive mirajagAMva (ji. ahamadanagara)nA A kavie alpa AyumAM ja kAvya ane upanyAsa lekhanamAM ullekhanIya saphaLatA prApta karI hatI. kulabhUSaNa dezabhUSaNacarita (1909), nIlIcarita (1915), gajakumAracarita (1949), jayakumAra-sulocanA, sItAzIlaparIkSA - A prAcIna kathAonA Adhunika kAvyamaya rUpAMtaro sivAya jinaguNAlApa (1913) nAmaka bhaktipUrNa padasaMgraha tathA ratnakaraMDanuM padya rUpAMtara (1919) paNa temaNe lakhyuM hatuM. vibhinna mAsika patrikAomAM temanI 64 bhAvapUrNa kavitAo samaye samaye prakAzita thaI hatI. sumati ane jaina vAgvilAsa e mAsika patronuM saMpAdana paNa temaNe keTalAka samaya sudhI karyuM hatuM. rUpiNI nAmaka temano upanyAsa zreNikanI paurANika kathA para AdhArita hato. aMjanAsuMdarI upanyAsa paNa aMjanA-pavanaMjayanI purANaprasiddha kathAnuM Adhunika rUpAMtara hatuM. jaina kathAo sivAya sarvejanopayogI lalita kathAonI racanA paNa temaNe vistRta 1. dozIjIe potAnI samastasaMpatti (lagabhaga traNa lAkha rUpiyA) pradAna karI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMghanI sthApanA karI. A saMgha dvArA saMcAlita jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlAmAM saMskRta-prAkRta, hiMdI, aMgrejI, marAThI ane kannaDamAM 50thI vadhAre graMtho chapAyA che. 2. temanI kavitAno saMgraha temanA suputre 1931 tathA 1949mAM be khaMDomAM prakAzita karyo hato.

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vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo 239 rUpe karI hatI - candrakAntA, jaTAzaMkara, nayanatArA, nagaratArakA, manoramA vagere 25 upanyAsa temaNe lakhyA hatA. samaye samaye jaina-jainetara patromAM temanA seMkaDo lekho prakAzita thayA. temAM samAja-sudhAra mATe pragatizIla vicAronuM bhAvapUrNa pratipAdana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. jainetara patrikAomAM jemanI racanAo chapAI evA jaina lekhakomAM teo pahelA mukhya lekhaka hatA. rAvajI nemacaMda zahA teo solApuranA pratiSThita vakIla ane sAhityakAra hatA. jainadharmAdarza (1910) temanI pahelI racanA hatI. temAM prauDha paraMtu subodha zailImAM jaina dharmanA siddhAMtonuM vistRta varNana che. AcArya amitagatino sAmAyika pATha tathA AcArya pUjayapAdanuM samAdhizataka A be graMthonI vizada vivecana sahita marAThI TIkAo temaNe lakhI (1912). jinasenAcArya tathA guNabhadrAcArya carita (1915) ane A AcAryonI prasiddha racanAnuM saraLa marAThI rUpAMtara mahApurANAmRta (1915) e temanI sarasa racanAo che. pUjyapAdAcArya ane amRtacandrAcAryanAM carita paNa temaNe lakhyAM che. jaina-jainetara patromAM samaye samaye temanA vidvattApUrNa keTalAya lekho prakAzita thayA. sAmAjika ane sAhityika kAryomAM eka pragatizIla netA rUpe teo prasiddha hatA. jaina dharma viSayaka AkSeponuM nirasana (1938) tathA tIrthakaronI prAcInatA (1950) nAmaka temanI uttarakAlIna kRtio paNa mahattvapUrNa che. tAtyA kezava copaDe bhilavaDInA A vidvAna sArA saMgItajJa hatA. mahArASTranA jaina samAjamAM kIrtanakAra rUpe temaNe ghaNI kIrti meLavI. jaina bhajanAmRta padAvalI (1911) nAmaka temanI pahelI racanA saMgItanA vidyArthIo mATe upayogI che. pUjA tathA sadya sthiti (1924), jagaduddhAraka jainadharma (1938), jaina tathA hiMdu (1944), paMDharapuranA viThobA (1947) - A pustako dvArA temaNe jaina samAjanI asmitA jAgRta karI pragatino mArga dekhADavAno prazaMsanIya prayatna karyo hato. rAvajI sakhArAma dozI teo solApuranA dozI parivAranA trIjA uThThala ratna hatA. AcArya IndranaMdikRta zrutAvatAra (1912) tathA paMDita daulatarAmakRta chahaDhAlA (1913)nuM

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marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa marAThI rUpAMtara temanI prAraMbhika kRtio hatI. chAtro mATe upayogI pAThya pustako rUpe bAlabodha jaina dharmanA cAra bhAganuM temaNe saMpAdana ane prakAzana karyuM. mahArASTramAM jaina dharma jJAnanA prasAramAM A pustakonuM yogadAna khUba mahattvapUrNa rahyuM. jainakathAsaMgraha (1930) tathA jaina kIrtanataraMgiNI (1931) temanI anya marAThI kRtio che. rAvasAhebe lagabhaga 20 varSa sudhI mAsika jaina bodhakanuM saMpAdana karyuM. A varSonA A patranA keTalAya vizeSAMko pustako jevA ja saMgrahaNIya che. kathA, kavitA, ItihAsa vagere vividha rUponI bahumUlya sAmagrI A aMkomAM upalabdha che. potAnA samayanA keTalAya taruNa sAhityikonI kRtio prakAzita karavA mATe rAvasAhebe hajAro rUpiyAno vyaya karyo. marAThI jaina sAhityanI pragatimAM temanuM A yogadAna kyAreya bhUlI zakAya evuM nathI. jinadAsa pArzvanAtha phaDakule 240 teo solApuranA pratiSThita vidvAna che. gadya ane padma para temano samAna adhikAra che. prAcIna saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityane marAThImAM rUpAMtarita karavAmAM teo niraMtara prayatnazIla rahyA che. temanI prakAzita kRtiomAM nimnalikhita graMthonA anuvAda pramukha che samantabhadrAcAryakRta svayambhastotra (1920), AcArya pAtrakesarIkRta jinendraguNasaMstuti tathA AcArya vidyAnandakRta zrIpura pArzvanAthastotra (1920), kuMdakuMdAcArya tathA pUjapAdAcAryamRta dazabhakti (1921), zivakoTyAcAryakRta ratnamAlA (1921), somadevasUrikRta dvAdazAnuprekSA (1923), AcArya amitagatikRta tattvabhAvanA (1924), devasena AcAryakRta bhAvasaMgraha (1927), malliSeNa AcAryakRta nAgakumAracarita (1927), sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka viracita sudarzanacarita (1927) tathA zrIpAlacarita (1963), asaga kavikRta vardhamAnacarita (1931), kuMthusAgara muni viracita bodhAmRtasAra (1938), pUjyapAda AcAryakRta dazabhakti (1952) tathA nemidatta paMDitakRta rAtribhojanatyAgakathA (1956). temanI sahuthI vistRta ane mahattvapUrNa racanA jaina rAmAyaNa (1965) 2viSeNAcAryanA padmapurANanuM padyabaddha rUpAMtara che. temaNe pAMDavapurANa, siddhAMtasArasaMgraha vagere graMthono hiMdI anuvAda paNa karyo che. jaina bodhakane sAhityika rUpa pradAna karavAmAM temanI kavitAo ane lekhonuM yogadAna mahattvapUrNa rahyuM. Adhunika yugamAM temanA jevA niraMtara sAhitya-sAdhanA karanAra RjuprakRtinA vidvAna durlabha che. -

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vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo 241 ' kaMkubAI - Adhunika yugamAM keTalIka mahilAoe paNa sAhityaracanAmAM yaza prApta karyo. AmAM seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMdanI suputrI kaMkubAInuM sthAna paheluM che. alpa AyumAM vaidhavya prApta thayA pachI temaNe potAnuM AkhuM jIvana dharma ane sAhityanI sevA tathA jaina mahilA-samAjamAM jJAna-prasAra mATe arpita karI dIdhuM. cAritrazuddhivratakathA tathA jainavratakathAsaMgraha (1921), devasenAcAryakRta tattvasAra tathA amRtacandrAcArya kRta samayasAraTIkAnA zloka (ja samayasArakalaza nAme prasiddha che)no anuvAda (1923) tathA padmananda AcArya kRta anityapaMcAzano anuvAda (1925) temanI prakAzita racanAo che.' AcArya zrI AnaMdaRSi jI. saddharmabodha (amolaka RSijI)no marAThI anuvAda (1924) temanI prathama racanA che. nAgapuranI ratnagraMthamAlAmAM temanI anya kRtio prakAzita thaI je A mujaba che - jaina dharma viSayamAM ajaina vidvAnonA abhiprAya tathA jaina dharmanI vizeSatA (1928), jaina-dharmanuM ahiMsA tattva (jinavijaya)no anuvAda tathA upadezaranakoza (jinezvarasUri)no anuvAda (1929). motIcanda hirAcaMnda gAMdhI usmAnAbAdanA A pratiSThita sAhityakAra che. gadya ane padya baMnemAM temano samAna adhikAra che. keTalIya prAcIna prAkRta ane saMskRta racanAone marAThImAM rUpAMtarita karI temaNe mahattvapUrNa kArya karyuM che. temanI mukhya rUpAMtarita racanAo A mujaba che - munisuMdarasUrikRta sAdhuzikSA (1926), hariSeNAcAryakRta bRhatkathAkoza (1936), paMDita AzAbarakata triSaSTimRtizAstra (1937), tAmilada rUpe prasiddha kurala kAvya (1937), paMca saMgraha (pUjyapAdAcArya kRta Ibdopadeza ane samAdhizataka, yogIndudeva kRta yogasAra ane paramAtmaprakAza tathA somaprabhasUrikRta sUktimuktAvalI) (1951), paMDita ahaMdAsakRta munisuvratakAvya (1958), vAdIbhasiMhasUrikRta kSatracUDAmaNi (1958) tathA siddharSikRta upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA (1962). kuMdakuMdAcAryanA badhA graMthonuM padyabaddha rUpAMtara temanA graMtha AcArya kuMdakuMdamAM prakAzita thayuM che. mahAvIracaritra (1931) tathA 1. mahAvIra brahmacaryAzrama, kAraMjAmAM temanI smRtimAM kaMkubAI dhArmika pAThya pustakamAlA sthApita karavAmAM AvI. temAM Aja sudhI dasa pustakonA keTalAya saMskaraNo prakAzita thayAM che. Jain 7 ducation International

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242 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa tIrthanaMdanA nAmaka temanA vistRta pustako paNa paThanIya che. temaNe "ajJAta upanAmathI sAhityaracanA karI che. bAbagauDA bhujagauDA pATIla - belagAva-sAvalI vibhAgamAM dakSiNa mahArASTra jaina sabhAnA netAomAM teo pramukha hatA. sabhAnA mukhapatra pragati ANijinavijayanuM temaNe keTalAka varSa saMpAdana karyuM. aitihAsika jaina vIra (1934) tathA dakSiNa bhArata ane jainadharma (1938) - temanA A graMtha marAThI samAjanA jaina ItihAsano paricaya karAvavAmAM khUba mahattvapUrNa sAbita thayA. ratnakaraMDanuM temanuM saMskaraNa (1943) anuvAda sAthe maulika vivecanathI paNa alaMkRta che. ahiMsA (1946) tathA mahAvIravANI (1956) temanI anya racanAo che. AppA bhAU magadUma sAMgalInI vIra graMthamAlAnA saMcAlaka rUpe temaNe jaina samAjamAM ItihAsanI abhiruci utpanna karavAmAM prazaMsanIya yoga Apyo. nemisAgaracarita (1934), sapta samrATa (1936), jaina vIra strIo (1936), cauda ratno (AcArya-jIvanaparicaya) (1941) tathA vanarAja (1945) - temanI mukhya kRtio che. zAMtinAtha yazavaMta nA temaNe zeTha rAvajI sakhArAma dezI tathA AcArya zAMtisAgaranA jIvana carita lakhyAM hatAM. kathAkaumudI (1936)mAM samyaktanA pAlananA kathArUpa udAharaNa Ape saraLa bhASAmAM aMkita karyA hatA. jaMbUkumAranI virakti (1959) tathA satI caMpAvatI (1963) e temanA anya saraLa kathArUpa pustako paNa prakAzita thayA sumera jaine solApura gurukuLathI (ane pachIthI bAhubalI gurukuLathI prakAzita mAsika patra sanmatinA saMpAdanamAM temanuM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahyuM. gaMbhIra tathA lalita baMne zailIo para temano adhikAra che. jaTAyu nAmaka nibaMdha saMgrahamAM temanA vicArottejaka ane manoraMjaka lekho saMkalita thayA che. vardhamAna mahAvIra (1958), samrATa karakaMDa (1965), amara kathA (1970) - A prAcIna kathAonA Adhunika

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vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo 243 sarasa rUpAMtara temaNe karyA che. hiMdI marAThI ane marAThI-hiMdI amarakoza tathA sacitra bAla vizvakoza jevA sarvajanopayogI pustakonuM saMpAdana paNa temaNe karyuM che. subhASacandra akkoLe solApuranI jIvarAja graMthamAlAnA kAryavAhaka rUpe temaNe mahattvapUrNa kArya karyuM hatuM. prAcIna marAThI jaina sAhitya viSayamAM temanA zodhakAryano pahelAM ullekha karI cUkyA chIe. jasodhararAsa, paramahaMsakathA, zreNikacaritra vagere prAcIna racanAonA saMpAdana uparAMta mahAmAnava sudarzana (1955), pAMDavakathA (1956), samyatvakaumudI (1957), cakravartI subhauma (1961) - A prAcIna saMskRta kathAonA Adhunika marAThI saraLa rUpAMtara paNa temaNe karyAM che. solApura-bAhubalInA mAsika sanmatinA saMpAdanamAM paNa temaNe keTalAya varSo sudhI bhAga lIdho hato. teo bArAmatInA tulajArAma caturacaMda mahAvidyAlayanA prAcArya rahyA che. anya mahattvapUrNa racanAo atyAra sudhI je lekhakonI pAMca ke vadhu racanAo prakAzita thaI che temano ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che. bAkI racanAomAM vibhinna dRSTie mahattvapUrNa keTalIka racanAono have samayakrame ullekha karIzuM. kAraMjanA bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti (kAlurAmajI)no lagabhaga 200 hiMdI padono marAThI anuvAda san 1895mAM prakAzita thayo hato, temAM anuvAdakanuM upanAma anAtha batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. mUla padonI jema ja A anuvAda sarasa che. phulacaMda kALasakara, kolhApura, nA bhaktipUrNa padono saMgraha jinapadyaratnamAlA 1896mAM prakAzita thayo hato. brahmacArI jItamalanI racanA jinasatyanArAyaNapUjA vardhAthI 1904mAM prakAzita thaI che. jaina samAjane hiMdu pUjAvidhithI chuTakAro apAvavAmAM A pustakanuM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahyuM. Ara. Ara. bobaDe, akolA, dvArA saMpAdita jaina purohita (1910) tathA jinAcAra-vidhi (1911) nAmaka pustako paNa jaina samAjamAM hiMdu paraMparAnI vivAhavidhi vagerenuM aMdhAnukaraNa rokavAmAM ghaNA saphaLa rahyA. mANikasA motIsA khaMDAre, kAraMja, nI jinapadyakusumamAlA (1912)mAM gAyanopayogI bhAvapUrNa pada prApta thAya che.

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marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa hirAcandra amIcandra zahA, solApuranuM yazodharacaritra saraLa kathAvarNananI dRSTie lokapriya thayuM hatuM (1912). temanI bIjI racanA vratazIlakathAsaMgraha paNa rocaka che. 244 zAMtinAtha goviMda kaTake tathA temanA baMdhu mANika goviMda kaTakenA bhaktipUrNa padono saMgraha padyakusumAvalI 1918mAM prakAzita thayo hato. paMca parameSThIguNavarNana (1919) tathA paMcakalyANikavarNana (1927) - e mANikarAvanI tathA covIsatIrthaMkarapUjA e zAMtinAthanI racanA paNa ghaNI lokapriya thaI hatI. ratnanaMdi bhaTTArakanA bhadrabAhupurANano anuvAda (1921) kallAppA anaMta upAdhyAye karyo hato. nemacaMda bAlacaMda gAMdhI, usmAnAbAdavALAe nemicandrAcAryanA gommaTasAranuM marAThI rUpAMtara karyuM hatuM. A gahana graMthanA viSayane saMkSepamAM samajAvavA mATe temaNe guNasthAnacarcA tathA samatattvavicAra nAmaka nAnA pustako paNa lakhyA hatA (1922). zAMtisAgarAcAryacaritasudhA nAme padyabaddha racanA devendratanaya, zamanevADI, dvArA 1924mAM tathA devendrakIrticaritasudhAnidhi nAmaka padyabaddha racanA sonAbAI jindUrakara, kAraMjA, dvArA 1925mAM lakhavAmAM AvI hatI. potAnA samakAlIna dharmAcAryonA A caritakAvyo paThanIya che. kAraMjAnA bhaTTAraka vIrasenanA AdhyAtmika pravacanothI prabhAvita thaI kuTuMdavADanA brahmaya svAmIe, anubhavaprakAza nAmaka gadyapadyamizra racanA 1929mAM lakhI hatI. temanuM AtmAnubhavavarNana jUnI marAThI racanAonI zailInuM che. bhaTTAraka akalaMkanA ratnatrayasAra nAmaka kannaDa graMthano marAThI anuvAda (1929) bAhubalI zarmAe karyo hato. vRttivilAsanI kannaDa dharmaparIkSAno marAThI anuvAda (1931) temanI bIjI mahattvapUrNa racanA che. viSNukumAra DoNagAMvakara, kAraMjAe samantabhadrAcAryakRta ratnakadaMDa tathA nemicandrAcArya kRta dravyasaMgrahanA chAtropayogI marAThI saMskaraNa taiyAra karyAM hatAM. (1930). narendranAtha bhisIkara, kAraMjAe paMDita gopAladAsa bAraiyAnI jaina siddhAMta pravezikAnuM chAtropayogI marAThI saMskaraNa taiyAra karyuM hatuM (1932). temaNe vAdIbhadasiMhasUrinA kSatracUDAmaNi kAvyano marAThI anuvAda (1938) tathA kuMdakuMdAcAryanA niyamasAranuM marAThI vivecana (1963) paNa prakAzita karyuM. temanI A racanAo paNa mahattvapUrNa che.

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vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo 245 anaMtarAja bopalakara, solApuravALAe jUnA marAThI sAhityanA eka pramukha kavi. mahatisAgaranuM jIvanacarita kAvyabaddha karyuM hatuM (1934). bhUdharadAsanA pArzvapurANanuM marAThI rUpAMtara paNa temaNe padyabaddha rUpe karyuM hatuM (1939). | vidyAkumAra devIdAsa jaine bhaktAmara vagere pAMca stotra (1935) tathA dhanaMjayanI nAmamAlA (1937)nuM marAThI rUpAMtara karyuM hatuM. ' gopAla bAlAjI bIDakare (upanAma bAlasuta) akalaMka-niSkalaMkanI paurANika kathA para AdhArita kharo svArthatyAga (1936) nATakanI racanA karI hatI. kulabhUSaNa-devabhUSaNacarita (1939) nAmaka temanI kAvyabaddha racanA paNa paThanIya amarAvatInA zrImAna natUsA pAsUsI kalamakare jUnI marAThI sAhityanI zailImAM jainavratathagraha (1936)nI racanA karI hatI. covIsatIrthaMkarapUjA temanI bIjI padyabaddha racanA che. kAlacandra jinacandra upAdhyAye AcArya mANikyanadinA parIkSAmukhanuM marAThI rUpAMtara taiyAra karyuM hatuM (1937). temanI bIjI bRhad racanA jainendravratakathAsaMgraha (1954)mAM jaina samAjamAM pracalita prAyaH badhA vratonI vidhi ane kathAo upalabdha thAya che. priyaMkara ziraDhoNakare sAMgalInI vIra graMthamAlAmAM karNATaka jaina kavikula (1941) tathA prAcIna jainAcArya (1942) nAmaka pustako prakAzita karyA hatAM. | lAtUranA bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrti dvArA racita pUjA, stuti, AratI tathA phuTa kavitAono saMgraha bhAvAMkura (1948) lalita zabdaracanAnI dRSTie paThanIya che. muni zrI cauthamalajInA nigraMtha pravacananuM marAThI rUpAMtara zrI pratApamala kocare prastuta karyuM hatuM (1954) tathA kIrtivijayajI dvArA marAThImAM rUpAMtarita AhatadharmaprakAza (1955) muMbaIthI prakAzita thayuM hatuM. jayakumAra AlaMdakare jIvaMdharanI purAtana kathAnuM Adhunika saraLa rUpAMtara prastuta karyuM (1956) tathA paMDita kailAzacandrajInA bhagavAna RSabhadevano anuvAda paNa karyo (1958). paMDita AzAdharanA sAgaradharmAmRtanuM vizada marAThI vivecana ravIndrakumAra nAMdagAMvakare prastuta karyuM (1957). ArthikA rAjulamatInuM jIvanacarita vidyullatA zahAe lakhyuM hatuM (1957).

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246 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa vAdirAjasUrinA yazodharacaritanuM saraLa rUpAMtara jayakumAra kSIrasAgare karyuM (1960). vAdIbhasiMhasUrinA kSatracUDAmaNinuM temaNe padyabaddha rUpAMtara karyuM je mAsika sanmatimAM dhArAvAhika rUpe prakrazita thayuM che. paMDita kailAzacandrajInA jaina dharmano marAThI anuvAda premacaMda zAha dvArA prastuta karavAmAM Avyo (1963). - a. ji. hupano gItamahAvIra nAmaka zrutimadhura gItono saMgraha bhagavAna mahAvIranI jIvanakathA bhAvapUrNa zabdomAM prastuta kare che (1963). temaNe menAsuMdarInI kathA paNa gIta rUpe prastuta karI che. solApuranA zrAvikAzramanI pramukha paMDitA sumatibAIe keTalAya varSo sudhI mAsika jaina mahilAdarzanA marAThI vibhAganuM saMpAdana karyuM che. rAmAyaNa (1965) nAme nAnA evA pustakamAM temaNe padmapurANanI kathAnuM Adhunika rUpe varNana karyuM che. nemicandrAcAryanA dravyasaMgrahanuM subodha rUpAMtara paNa temaNe prastuta karyuM che (1968). hAlamAM ja AdigItA nAmaka temano vistRta kAvyagraMtha prakAzita thayo che. - pahilA samrATa candragupta maurya) - vAsaMtI zahAnuM A sarasa pustaka (1965) jaina ItihAsanI dRSTie paThanIya che. saMskRtigaMgA temanuM bIjuM pustaka prAcIna bhAratIya nArIonI bodhaprada kathAo prastuta kare che. kuMdakuMdAcAryanA samayasAranI amRtacandrAcArya viracita AtmakhyAti TIkAnuM vizada vivecana paMDita dhanyakumAra bhore, kAraMjavALAe prastuta karyuM che (1968). AnI pahelAM temaNe paMDita ToDaramala viracita mokSamArgaprakAzakanuM marAThI rUpAMtara paNa karyuM hatuM. gajakumAra zAnuM pavanaputra hanumAn tathA AdikumAra begaDe nuM kumAra prItikara e saraLa kathArUpa pustako jIvarAja graMthamAlA, solApurathI prakAzita thayAM che (1965). zirapuranA aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha maMdira viSayamAM zvetAMbara paraMparAno daSTikoNa muni jaMbUvijayajI dvArA prastuta karavAmAM Avyo hato jene vAlacaMda hirAcaMde marAThImAM rUpAMtarita karyo (1960). A ja kSetranA viSayamAM digaMbara paraMparAno daSTikoNa nemacanda DoNagAMvakare prastuta karyo che. hemacandra vaidya, kAraMjA gata keTalAka varSothI mAsika sanmatinA saMpAdakamaMDalamAM che. prAcIna dhArmika mAnyatAonuM Adhunika spaSTIkaraNa ApatAM vAtacItanI rIte 1. hAla teo mAsika sanmatinA saMpAdakamaMDaLamAM che.

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vartamAnakAlIna marAThI jaina sAhityakAra tathA temanI racanAo 247 kailAsa kAkA lekhamAlA temaNe sanmatimAM lakhI hatI je have pustakarUpe prakAzita thaI che. sItAnA agnidivyanI kathA para zIlasamrAjJI vATikA paNa temaNe lakhI che. muni zrI samantabhadranA pravacanomAMthI saMkalita subhASitono sAnuvAda saMgraha uddabodhana nAme temaNe saMpAdita karyo che. Adhunika samayamAM khUba ochA sAdhuoe sAhityaracanA karI che. temAM makaradhvajaparAjaya rUpakAtmaka nATakanA praNetA zu. AdisAgara mukhya che. teoe padmapurANanuM kAvyabaddha rUpAMtara paNa karyuM che. patrikAo marAThI jaina sAhityamAM Adhunika yugano sUtrapAta mAsika jaina bodhaka dvArA san 1884mAM thayo hato. hirAcaMda nemacaMda dozI, kallAppA nidave, jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI tathA rAvajI sakhArAma dozInA saMpAdanamAM A patre uttarottara pragati karI. AjakAla te vartamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI dvArA sAptAhika rUpe saMpAdita thaI rahyuM che. jaina vidyAdAnopadezaprakAza mAsika patra jaina sabhA, vardhAnA mukhapatra rUpe bakArAma paikAjI roDe dvArA lagabhaga dasa varSa sudhI saMpAdita tathA prakAzita thayuM hatuM. teno prAraMbha san 1892mAM thayo hato. - pannAlAla jaina, vardhA dvArA 1898mAM prAraMbha karavAmAM Avela mAsika jaina bhAskaramAM hiMdI ane marAThI baMne bhASAonA lekha hatA. dakSiNa mahArASTra jaina sabhAnA mukhapatra rUpe aNAsAheba laTTa dvArA pragatijinavijaya sAptAhika san 1901mAM zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sabhAnA nirNayAnusAra samaye samaye vibhinna sAmAjika kAryakartA tenuM saMpAdana karatA rahyA che. AjakAla te bI. bI. pATIlanA saMpAdanamAM prakAzita thaI rahyuM che. tAtyAsAbe pAMgala dvArA saMpAdita mAsika vaMde jinavaram tathA gaNapata nArAyaNa cavaDe, vardhAnA mAsika jaina baMdhuno upara ullekha karI cUkyA chIe. mAsika sumati, vardhA, kavi raNadivenA saMpAdanamAM keTalAka varSa prakAzita thayuM hatuM. temanA ja dvArA jaina vAgvilAsa mAsika paNa zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM (1913). A ja samayanI AsapAsa jayakumAra devIdAsa cavare dvArA mAsika jaina bhAgyodayanuM keTalAMka varSa saMpAdana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. - rAmacaMda gulAbacaMda vhorA, solApura dvArA mAsika prabhAvanA san 1925mAM zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. - vA. de. dhumALe, kAraMjA tathA ke. pI. bhAgavatakara, nAgapure san 1935mAM mAsika sArvadharmanuM prakAzana zarU karyuM.

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248 marAThI jaina sAhityano ItihAsa jaina gurukuLa, solApura (tathA pachIthI bAhubalI, ji. kolhApura)nA mukhapatra rUpe mAsika sanmatinuM prakAzana san 1950thI mANikacaMda bhisIkaranA saMpAdanamAM thaI rahyuM che. tenA sahAyaka saMpAdaka sumera jaina tathA subhASacandra akkoLe che. - zreNika annadAte, muMbaI dvArA saMpAdita pAkSika patra tIrthaMkara pragatizIla vicAronuM pratinidhitva kare che (prAraMbha 1968). kAMtilAla coraDiyA, pUnA dvArA 1969mAM pAkSika jaina jAgRtinuM prakAzana zarU karavAmAM AvyuM che. upasaMhAra sarvajanopayogI dainika patronA saMpAdanamAM paNa keTalAka jaina vidvAnoe mukhya sthAna prApta karyuM che. temAM solApura samAcAranA sahasaMpAdaka nAnacaMda zahA tathA dainika satyavAdI, kolhApuranA saMpAdaka bAlAsAheba pATIla mukhya che. pAchalA dasa varSomAM marAThI sAhityanA chuTAchavAyA prakAzana ja thayA che. jIvarAja graMthamAlA dvArA ratnakIrti ane candrakIrtino ArAdhanA kathAkoza (saMpAdaka prA. zAMtikumAra killedAra) prakAzita thayo che tathA pahelA marAThI jaina lekhaka guNakIrtinI eka nAnI gujarAtI racanA viveka vilAsa (vi. joharApurakara dvArA saMpAdita) A ja graMthamAlAe prakAzita karI che. 2500mA mahAvIra nirvANotsavanA prasaMge keTalIya pustikAo ane smArikAo nIkaLI che. prAcIna marAThI kathApaMcaka (vi. joharApurakara dvArA saMpAdita)mAM cimanApaDitanI anaMtavratakathA, puNyasAgaranI AdityavratakathA, mahIcaMdranI nirdoSasaptamI kathA tathA lakSmIcaMdranI meghamAlA kathA jIvarAja graMthamAlAmAMthI prakAzita thaI che. marAThI jaina sAhityanA prAcIna ane Adhunika mukhya nirmAtAono saMkSipta paricaya ApavAno prayAsa A prakaraNamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. vistAra bhayathI A lekhakonI kRtionI aitihAsika, sAhityika ke tAttvika vizeSatAonuM vivecana ahIM nathI karI zakAyuM. chatAMpaNa amane AzA che ke viSayanI dhULa rUparekhA vidvAno samakSa mUkavAno amAro udeza saphaLa gaNavAmAM Avaze. A prakaraNane vartamAna svarUpa ApavAmAM prA. zAMtikumAra killedAra tathA DaoN. subhASacaMdra akkoLe, A be mitronI sahAyatA mahattvapUrNa rahI che. anya je je vidvAnonA graMthono upayoga thayo che temano yathAsthAna nirdeza karyo che. te badhA pratye ame kRtajJatA prakaTa karIe chIe.

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kannaDa jaina sAhitya-zabdAnukramaNikA aMjanAcarite-85, 86 akalaMka-4 agnaladeva-48, 66, 67, 75 ajitapurANa-21, 22, 23 aDadhya-66, 72, 78 anantanAthapurANa-70, 71, 72, 73 anuprekSe-82 aparAjitezvarazataka-83 abhayacandra-29, 56 abhidhAnaratnamAlA-60, 62 abhidhAnavastukoza-62 amitagati-57, 58, 59 amRtAnandI-89 asaga-1, 7, 10, 67 AcaNa-61, 65, 66, 67 AdipurANa-9, 15, 23, 83, 84 indasAra-89 uttarapurANa-27, 73 upasarga kevalIonI kathA-11 umAsvAti-30, 31 urubhaMga-26 kaMti-39,40, 41 kaMtikaMpana samayegaLu-39, 41 kannaDakavicarite-29 kanakacandra-pa6 kanakanandi-56 kabbigarakAva-78 kamalabhava-66, 68, 72, 76, 77 karNapArTa-27, 33, 50, 51, para, paM3, 24, 25, 26, 63, 64, 69 karNATakakavicarite-33 karNATakakAdambarI 60, 64 karNATakabhASAbhUSaNa-60, 62 karNATakazabdAnuzAsana-90 karNATakasaMjIvana-90 kalyANakAraka-56, 57 kalyANakIrti-82 kavicarite-41, 49 kaviparameSThI-89 kavirAja-12 kavirAjamArga-1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 61 kavIzvara-8, 9 kAdambarI-2, 44, 60 kAmanakathe-82 kAlidAsa-2, 3 kAvyaratna-22 kAvyasAra-11, 88 kAvyAvalokana-60, 61, 63 kirAta-79 kirAtArjunIya-8 kIrtivarma-47,48, pa7 kukunda-72 kumudendu-7ra kusumAvali-76

Page #278
ketanAyaka-77 kezirAja-3, 7, 8, 10, 19, 33, 49, 65, 66, 70, 79, 80, 90 kSatracUDAmaNi-82 kSetragaNita-46,47 kSemaMkara-77 khagendramaNidarpaNa-81, 87 gajAMkuza-67 gatapratyAgata-20 gadAyuddha-1, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 gadAsauptika-24 guNacandra-89 guNanandri-7, 10 guNabhadra-27, 73, 89 guNavarma-7, 10, 11, 67, 69, 72, 76 guNavarma (prathama)-75 guNavarga (dvitIya)-74 gommaTasAra-57 gommaTasAranI maMdaprabodhinI TIkA-56 gommaTasAravRtti-29 gommaTastuti-65, 81 govaidya-47, 48, 57 candradevaprabhacarita-89 candranAthASTaka-74, 76 candraprabhacarita-29, 64 candraprabhapurANa-8, 48, 66 candraprabhaSapadi-90 candrasAgara-58 caraka-56 cAulsTarAya-13, 27, 28, 64, 73 (2) cAuIrAyapurANa-27, 73 cAritrasAra-28 citrahasuge-46, 47 cidAnanda-91 cUDAmaNi-8 colapAlacarita-79 chandombadhi-5, 60 chabbIsaratnamAlA-50 jaTAsiMhanandri-91 janna-10, 20, 33, 61, 63, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 jayabanyu-8 jayarAma-58, 59 jayanRpakAvya-87, 88 jasaha2cariu-72 jAtakatilaka-29, 30 jinacaturviMzatikA-69 jinamunitanaya-34, 91 jinasena-9, 50, 83 jinastuti-65, 82 jinAkSaramAlA-20, 34 jIvandharacarite-82, 87 jIvandharamAMgatya-86 jIvasaMbodhana-68, 91 jainagaNitasUtraTIkodAharaNa-46, 47 jainapurANa-37, 61 jJAnacandrAbhyudaya-82 tattvabhedASTaka-82 tattvArthavRtti-30 tattvArthasUtra-30, 31 tripuradahana-85, 86 trilokazataka-83

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trilokasAra-pa6 triSaSTilakSaNamahApurANa-27 railokyacUDAmaNistotra-48, 49, 50 daDI-2, 8, 9, 62 dazamalayAdi mahAzAstra-88 divAkarananTi-30, 31 durgasiMha-8, 33 durvinIta-7, 8 devakavi-66 devacandra-7, 8, 40, 64, 83, 90, nAgavarma (prathama)-60 nAgavarma (dvitIya)-60, 61, 62, 90 nAgArjuna-8 nAnArtharatnAkara-90 nirvANalakSmIpatinakSatramAlikA-65, devottama-61, 90 doDaNAMka-90 dorUdhya-8, pa6, 64, 89 dvAdazAnuprekSA-85 hisandhAnakAvya-69 dhanaMjaya-69 dharaNi paMDita-91 dharmanAtha purANa-81 dharmaparIkSA-57, 58, 59 dharmAmRta-41, 42,43, 44, 45 dhUrtAkhyAna-59 nayasena-11, 22, 27, 32, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 80 nAgakumAra kathA-29 nAgakumAracarita-40, 64, 89 nAgacandra-15, 22, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 54, 70, 72, 75, 91 nAgarAja-14, 68, 80 nAgavarma-3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 41, 64, 67, 75, 89 nUtananAgacandra-91 nemicandra-63, 64, 75, 77 nemijinezasaMgati-87, 88 neminAthapurANa-11, 50, 51, 23, 54, pa, 63, 64, 77, 78 nemIzvaracarite-89 nRpataMga-1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 61 paumariyam-36 padmacaritra-86 padmapurANa-36 padharasa-90 padmasAgara-pa9 pampa-1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 26, 34, 36, 39, 40, 41, 60, 66, 67, 69, 72, 73, 75, 77 pamparAmAyaNa-33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 paramAtmaprakAza-65 parameSThi-4 pArzva-11, 22, 33, 63, 65, 66, 67 pArzvanAthapurANa-65, 69, 70 pArzvapaMDita-69

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puNyAgnavakathA-80 purANacUDAmaNi-19 purANatilaka-22 puSpadaMtapurANa-74, 75, 76 pUjyapAda-4, 56, 72 ponna-1, 3, 10, 11, 14, 19, 27, 21, 31, 60, 66, 67, 69, 72, 75, 77 prabodhacandra-79 prabodhacandrodaya-86 prabhaMjanacarite-87, 88 praznottararatnamAlikA-9 prAbhRtatraye-65 badhuvarma-68, 77, 91 bANa-2, 3, 60 bAlacandra-65 bAhubali-29, 40, 64, 66, 81, 89 bijalacarite-91 bompaNa paMDita-65, 66, 67 bommarasa-86 brahmakavi-90 brahmaziva-27, 47,48, 49, 50 bhaTTanArAyaNa-2, 3, 26 bhaTTAkalaMka-7, 8, 9, 62, 81, 90, 91 bharata-2 bhartuhari-2 bhavabhUti-2, bhAgavata-2 bhAmaha-62 bhArata-89 bhAratezavaibhava-83, 84, 85 bhAravi-2, 3, 8 bhAsa-26 bhAskara-82 bhASAbhUSaNa-41 bhASAmaMjarI-91 bhuvanekarAmAnyudaya-19 bhuvanaikavIra-11 bhUpAla-69 maMgarasa-8, 22, 33, pa6, 63, 68, 72, 81, 88 maMgarasa (dvitIya)-81 maMgarAja-81 maMgarAjanighaTu-87 maMjarImakaraMda-91 madanavijaya-78 madhura-22, 33, 63, 72, 81 manmathavijaya-80 malla-80 mallikArjuna-7, 10, 70, 72, 74, 76, 79. mallinAthapurANa-33, 34, 35, 36, 39 mahAbala-77, 78 mahAbhArata-1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 26, mAgha-2, 3. mAdhavacandra-pa6, 57 munivaMzAvyudaya-91 mohAnubhavamukura-70 mRgapakSizAstra-48 thareyaMga-72

Page #281
yazastilakyampa-7ra yazodharakAvya-72, 73 yazodharacarita-70, 71, 72, 73 yogaratnAkara-90 raghuvaMza-3 -90 hRmata-90 ratnAkara-83, 84, 85 ratnAkara varNa-82 ratnAkarAdhIzvarazataka-83 ranna-1, 3, 11, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 66, 69, 72, 75, 77 rasakaviprazasti-26 raviNa-36, 86 rasaratnAkara-88, 89 rAghavapADavIya-48, 69 rAjAditya-46, 47 rAjAvali kathe-40, 64, 91 rAmakathAvatAra-91 rAmacandracaritapurANa-34 rAmAyaNa-2, 3, 4, 69 rudrabhaTTa-89 rudraTa-62 lIlAvati-46, 47, 63, 64 vajakumAracarite-90 vaDArAdhane-11, 27, 31, 32, 43, 80 vararuci-62 varAzanupacarite-91 vardhamAnacaritra-67 vardhamAnapurANa-65, 26, 27 vastukoza-60 vAbhaTa-56 vAdirAja-73 vAdIbhasiMhasUri-82 . vAmana-2, 62 vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa-37, 38 vAsavadattA-63 vikramArjunavijaya-1, 15, 16 vijayakumArikathe-90 vijayaSNa-85 vidyAnanda-7, 11, 81, 88 vinayAditya-72 vimalasUri-36 vimalodaya-8 vIrezacaritra-pa6 veNIsaMhAra-26 vaidyasAMgatya-88, 89 vyavahA2gaNita-46 vyavahAraratna-46, 47 vRttavilAsa-27, 57, 58, 59 zabdamaNidarpaNa-19, 49, 65, 70, 79, 80 zabdAnuzAsana-62 zAntarasa kavi-90 zAntinAtha-27, 31, 32 zAntipurANa-19, 20 zAntIzvarapurANa-76, 77 zAradAvilAsa-88, 89 zAstrasAra-pa7 zivakoTyAcArya-11 zivapurANa-86 zizumAyaNa-85, 86

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zUdraka-11 zrRMgAra kavi-90 zrIdharAcArya-29 67 zrIpadAzIti-66, zrIpAlacarite-87, 88 zrIvardhadeva-7, 8 zrIvijaya-7, 8,9, 67 zrIharSa-3 zrutakIrti-48, 90 sakalakIrti-67 sanakumAracarite-86 samantabhadra-4, 72 samayaparIkSA-47,48, 49 samyaktvakaumudI-87, 88 sala72 sAlve-88, 89 sALava-61 sAhasabhImavijaya-22, 23 (6) sukumAracarite-31, 32, 90 sukumArasvAmikathA-31 subandhu-2, 63 subhadrAharaNa-79 sUktisudhArNava-10, 70, 76, 79 sUpazAstra-87, 88 somadevasUri-72 somanAtha-56, 57 smaratantra-70 haribhadra-59 harivaMza-2, 4, 11 harivaMzAvyudaya-68 hariSaNa-58 hariha2-15 harSacarita-2, 44 halAyudha-62 hemacandra-89

Page #283
tAmila jaina sAhitya-zabdAnukramaNikA attAri-182 elAri-131, 138, 141, 142 amitAsAgarara-107, 192 aitiNe elupadu-131 aranaoNri sAragu-132, 133, 142 aitirNa padu-131 aranA-ra-152 oTTa kkasUra-159, 162 arkala caeNppa-122, 132, 133 kaNimedhAviyATa-131, 138, 139 avinaya nATa-191 karNanuM cendanATa-131 avinayam-191, 192 kapilaTa-130 avirodhiyAra-182 kalambakama-182 aSTa padArthasAra-111 kaLavaLi nArpadu-130, 135 aSTAdhyAyI-108 kaliMgajI paraNi-179, 180 AdinAtha pille tamiLu-182 kalittarka-124 AcAra kovai-131, 139, 141, kalaikTotutataDu-121 1pa3 kallADa-123 iniya nArpada-130, 131, 134, kAranAdu-130 139, 148, 141 kAvyaprakAza-118 InnA nArpadu-130, 131, 134, kiLi viruttamu-143 139, 140 kuDala kezI-145, 157, 160, IreyanA akappA rud-124 173 IreyanAra aTTappoLa-190 kundakundAcArya-101, 103, 125 ilaMgo aDigaLu-121, 145, 149, katrile-131 153, 154 guNabhra-102, 166, 171, 186 uttara purANa-102, 186, 188 ciriyatirUmaDa-161 udayaNa kumAra kAvyam-162 cira paMca mUlamu-131, 138, 140, udayaNan karthe-160 142 umAsvAti-113 cULAmaNi-102, 104, 169, utsa-182 170, 171, 172, 173 ektoke-119, 121 cULAmaNi nighaMTu-184, 187, 189 elAcArya-125 cenda divAkaram-17

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(8) jakkIrara-125 tolakAppiyama-108, 111, 112, jayadhavalA TIkA-102 115, 116,117, 118, 119, jAtaka-142 120, 126, 130, 134, 143, jinasenA-102 186, 188, 192 jIvaka cintAmaNi-102, 104, tolakapriya-108, 109, 110, 143, 145, 152, 163, 165, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 166, 167, 169, 173, 189 116, 117, 118, 131, 133 jainendra vyAkaraNa-177 tolAmoLideva-102, 173 tayALapa paraNi-159 da3i alaMkAramu-191 tanippADala-170, 171 darzanasAra-102, 103, 122 tirNamaoNli padu-131 divAkarama-133, 188, 189, 191 tirNamAle du-139 divAkara muni-126 tiru kaDukam-131, 135, 138, dIpakuDijayaMkoDAra-181 139, 147, 142 devasena-102, 103, 122 tirukkalambakam-182 dharmAcaraNasAra-133 tirukuLu-111, 123, 124, naTTiNa-120 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, nevunalU vADe-125 131, 131, 133, 135, 137 nannari-142 tirujJAnasambandha-102 nakUla-105, 111, 191 tirutakkadeva-102, 104, 143, narnirNa-153 165 naLavaLi-142 tirunAvukarazara-134 nallAtanATa-131, 135, 138 tirumaMge ALavAra-161, 162 nATyazAstra-118 tiruvalluvAle-123, 124 nAnuM maNi kaDikai-130, 131, 153 tiruvalluvar-123, 124, 125, nAnuM maNi ghaTike-139 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, nArada caritai-176. 131, 158 nAvaDiyAra-130, 135, 136, 137 teyavacci taiyAra-114 nigaMTanuM kaleknokta tanDanATa-120 tevAram-109, 123, 134, 135, tirNa mAlai naraimadu-131 143, 144, 153, 158, 181 niruddattAri-182 tresaTha zalAkA puruSa carita-186

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nItinATaviLakkam-142 nIti nUla-142 nIlakezI-126, 157, 158, 159, 176 neminAtham-123 paMcatantra-142, 163 paMcAstikAyasAra-101 piMgalande-129, 191 paTTinappAlai-139 paNasvAranATa-108 pataMjali-118 patidrupattu-104 pazupAz-119, 124 padumanAra-136 patri pATTiyala-134, 182 pravayina musliyA2-131 paruziyala muLLa-131 paN mALinAnUra-131, 137 pATTiyala marapuraiyAra-190 pANini-118 paoNkaiyAra-130 pAripADala-124 puritta raTTha-176, 177 pUtam cenjanA2-130 pUranAnUra-152 periyam purANam-181 peOM kathai-152, 160, 162 peruntavanA2-186 pravacanasAra-101 bharata muni-118 bhavanandI-105, 111 bhAratam-186, 187 19 (9) maMDala puruDara-187, 188 (maNDala puruSaT) maNamUla zubhavivAha graMtha-163 maNi meThAlai-133, 145, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 162, 173 madure kaSNan kuntanAra-130 madurai kUDaphlU kilAr-131 malli sejAcAriya-158 mahApurANa-166 mahAvaMza-101, 119 mAkkAyan mANAkkanArmAkkAri AzAn 131, 138 mAmUlaTa TTiyala-190 mAran paoNraiyanAra-131 mRdu maoNli koci-131, 135, 139 munai ppADiyA2-132 mutturai araiyanA2-131 mUvAdiyara-131 merumanthara purANam-108, 158, 176, 177 yazodhara kAvyam-104, 174, 175 yAukalakArikai-134 yAugala vRtti-159, 166, 171, 182, 191 yAugalam-192 yAppakala kakArikai-107 yApakala vRtti-107 rAmAyaNa-152 lalita vistAra-119 lIlAtilaka-187 lokavibhAgam-103

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(10) vararuci-118 vartamAna devara-169 vaLayA pati-145, 159, 160, 173 vAkumhAmU-142 vAmana muni-108, 176, 177 vAsavadattA-161 viLambi nAganATa-130 vIracoLiyama-134, 187 vIrasena-102 veNAvaluDeyAra veLa-175 bRhatkathA-160, 161 zettamiLu-159 zAnti purANamu-176, 177 zilappadhikAra-121, 122, 124, 133, 143, 145, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 1pa6, 157, 160172, 178, 186 zIttalaicAttanAra-135 zuka saptazatI-143 samaya divAkara vAmana muni-158 samayasAra-101 sarvanandI-103 svopajJabhASyam-113 harivaMza purANa-102 hitopadeza-142 henasAMga-159 zrIpurANam-171, 176, 186

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aMjanA suMdarI-238 aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha AratI-227 marAThI jaina sAhitya-zabdAnukramaNikA aThAIvratakathA-219 anantakIrti-228 anantanAtha AratI-223 anantanAtha stotra-222 anantavratakathA-212, 215, 221, 224 abhayakIrti-212 amRtacandrAcAryacarita-239 arahaMta AratI-220 arahaMtapUjA-218, 230 arjunasuta-226 azaucanirNayacarcA-235 aSTakarmaprakRti-222 ahirANI gIta-222 AcAryazAntisAgaracarita-238 AtmAnuzAsana-238 AdityavratakathA-212,224,226 AdinAtha AratI-215, 226 AdinAthapaMcakalyANakathA-230 AdinAthapurANa-219 AdinAtharAsa-219 AdinAthastotra-224 AdIzvara bhavAntara-221 AptamImAMsA-237 ArAdhanA kathAkoza-231 uttara purANa-236, 237 upadezaratnamAlA-231, 233 RSabhapUjA-223 kaMsAce pada-222 kayako-224 karmASTamIvratakathA-225 kAlikApurANa-221 kallAppA bharamAppA niTave-237 kavIndrasevaka-229 kAmarAja-210 kundakundrAcAryacarita-237 kulabhUSaNadezabhUSaNacarita-238 kailAsa chappaya-226 kotako-234 kRSNagIta-210 kRSNAjInArAyaNa jozI-236 kriyAmaMjarI-237 kSamAgIta-208 kSetrapAla A2tI-226 kSetrapAla pUjA-218 kSetrapAlastotra-224 gaMgAdAsa-218 gajakumAracarita-238 garuDapaMcamIvratakathA-219 gAnhANe-207 guNakIrti-208, 220, 221, 229 guNakIrti anuprekSA-212 guNadAsa-207, 228 guNanandi-211

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(12) guNabhadrAcAryacarita-239 guNabrahma-208 guru AratI-223, 228, 232 guru gIta-215 gommaTasvAmI gIta-210 gomyuTasvAmIstotra-215 graMthaparIkSA-238 cakravartI pAlanA-218 candrakAntA-239 candrakIti-232 candranAtha AratI-223 candraprabhanI AratI-215 cavaDe baMdhu-236 cintAmaNi-208, 220, 221 cittAmaNi AratI-220 cimanA paMDita-214, 215 caitanya phAga-211 covIsa tIrthaMkarastuti-225 covIsa tIrthakara AratI-227 chatrasena-221 chahaDhAlA-239 jagaduddhAraka jainadharma-239 jaTAmukuTa-218 jaTAzaMkara-239 janArdana-228 jabUsvAmIcaritra-213, 217 jayakumAra sulocanA-238 jasodhararAsa-210 jAtinI mImAMsA-238 jinakathA-224 jinaguNAlApa-238 jinacaturvizati-236 jinadAsa-207, 209, 216, 221 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha phaDakule-240 jinamAtAnA 16 svarUponuM varNana-215 jinarAtrivratakathA-225 jinavaravinatI-217 jinasAgara-223, 224 jinasena-233 jinasenAcAryacarita-239 jinastuti-222 jinendraguNasaMtuti-240 jinezvara AratI-227. jIvandhara purANa-223 jIvandara rAsa-223 jIvarAja gautamacandradozI-237 jainakathAsaMgraha-240 jainakIrtanataraMgiNI-240 jainadarzanasAra-238 jainadharmaviSayaka AkSeponuM nirasana-239 jainadharmAcI mAhitI-235 jainadharmAdarza-239 jainadharmAmRtasAra-238 jainabodhaka-235, 237, 238 jaina bhajanAmRta padyAvalI-239 jaina bhajanAmRta saMgItapada-236 jaina rAmAyaNa-240 jaina tathA hindu-239 jainavAgvilAsa-238 jainavratakathAsaMgraha-236 jayeSTha jinavarapUjA-224 jvAlAmAlinIpUjA-230

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(13) jJAnodaya-234 klanA-222 ThakAppA-233 tattvabhAvanA-24) tattvArthasUtra-237, 238 tAtyAkezava copaDe-239 tAtyA neminAtha pAMgaLa-237 tA- paMDita-226 tIrthakaronI prAcInatA-239 tIrthakara caritra-237 tIrthakara bhUpAlI-230 tIrthaMkarastuti-230 tIrthavandanA-210, 215, 218 tugIbalabhadrapUjA-218 tukujI-234 trikAla tIrthaMkara pUjA-215 trepanakriyA vinatI-218 travarNikAcAra-237 dattAtraya bhimAjI raNadive-238 dayAbhUSaNa-214 dayAsAgara-ra14, 219 dayAsAgara (dvitIya)-231 dazabhakti-240 dazalakSaNadharma AratI-218, 224 dezalakSaNa dharma savaiyA-225 dazalakSaNa vratakathA-228, 230 dAnaprazaMsA-230 dAnazIlatapabhAvanA-213, 214 dAmA paMDita-213, 214, 217 dinAsA-227 dilasukha-232 devIpadmAvatIlAvaNI-232 devendrakIrti-221 devendrakIrtiziSya-227 diaupadIharaNa-222 dvAdazAnuprekSA-240 dravyasaMgraha-236 dhanvA gIta-209 dharmaparIkSA-221 dharmasAga-211 dharmAmRta-208, 229 dharmAmRtapurANa-214 dharmazarmAsyudaya mahAkAvya-236 nandIzvara AratI-222 nandIzvara pUjA-224 nandIzvara vratakathA-219 nagaratArakA-239 nayanatArA-239 navakArama-prakRti-213 navagraha AratI-232 navagraha pUjA-224 navadhAbhakti carcA-235 navavADI-227 nAgakumAracarita-240 nAgendrakIrti-232 nAgo AyA-211 nAnA rAmacandra nAga-236 nirdoSasaptamIkathA-224 nirdoSasaptamIvratakathA-220 nirdoSasaptamIvratodyApana-227 nirmAlyadravyacarcA-235 nIbA-222 nIlIcarita-238 nemidatta-231

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neminAthaAratI-218, 227 neminAtha jinadIkSA-209 neminAtha pAlanA-208, 215 neminAtha bhavAntara-215, 220, 225 neminAtha vanhADa-213 neminAtha vivAha-209 nemIzvara gIta-220, 222 nemIzvara rAjImatI phAga-209 nyAhAla-227 paMcakalyANika-237 paMcaparameSThiAratI-236 paMcaparameSThI stuti-230 paMcamerupUjA-218, 222, 224 paMcastavanAvasUri-212 paMcAstikAya-237 paMDharapura kA viThobA-239 paMca sAbAjI-216 pAMDavapurANa-233, 240 padmakIrti-217 padmapurANa-208, 220, 221, 240 padmAvatI AratI-221, 224, 226 padmAvatI pAlanA-228 padmAvatI zrRMgA2-232 padmAvatI stotra-218, 222, 224 paramahaMsakathA-211 (14) pArzvanAtha AratI-217, 226 pArzvanAthanI AratI-215 pArzvanAthanI stuti-226 pArzvanAthacaritra-236 pArzvanAthapUjA-222 pArzvanAtha bhavAMtara-210 pArzvanAtha bhavAMtaragIta-218 pArzvanAtha stotra-218, 224 pAsakIrti-212, 214 puNyasAgara-208, 209, 216 puNyasAga2 (dvitIya)-221 puNyAzravakathAkoza-233 puruSArthasipAya-236 puSpAMjalivratakathA-224 pUjA tathA saghaHsthiti-219 pUjyapAdAcAryacarita-239 pratikramaNa-237 bahutarI-213 bArasabhA AratI-218 bArAmAsI-227 bAlaka chATI-215 bodhAmRtasA2-240 bo5-230 brahmaguNadAsa-208 brahmajinadAsa-208, 217, 219, 220 bhaktAmara stotra-224 bhagavAna neminAtha-238 bhaviSyadatta-bandhudattapurANa-214 bhAnukIrti-214 bhAratI sacitra bAlabodha-237 bhAvasaMgraha-240 bhImacandra-228 bhuvanakIrti-208 bhUpAlI-215 makaranda-219 manoramA-239 manhArI gIta-210 mahatisAgara-230

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mahAkIrti-220 mahApurANa-222, 237 mahApurANanI AlocanAnI samIkSA 238 mahApurANAmRta-239 mahAvIra AratI-224 mahAvIra caritra-236 mahAvIra pAlanA-220 mahIcandra-219, 220 mANika-232 mANikanandi-223 muktAgiri pArzvanAtha AratI-229 munisuvratanI vinatI-215 meghamAlAvratakathA-225 megharAja-210 yamAsA-226 yazodharacaritra-211 yazodharapurANa-212 yAdavasuta-222 ratana-227 ratnakaraNDavacanikAno anuvAda-238 ratnakIrti-231 ratnatraya AratI-222 ratnatrayamArga pradI5-237 ratnatrayavrata kathA-230 ratnamAlA-240 ratnasA-217 yaNasAra-237 ravivratakathA-218, 227, 230, 232 ravivAravratakathA-216 rAdhava-228 (15) rAtribhojanatyAgakathA-240 rAmakIrti-221 rAmacandra-209 rAmacandra halaghuli-207 rAmaTechandu-219 rAmaTeka zAMtinAtha vinatI-227 rAmAyaNa-208 rAmAyaNarAsa-207 rAmayaNI kathA-210 rAya-217 rAyA-234 rAvajI nemacanda zahA-239 rAvajI sakhArAma dozI-239 rukmiNIvratakathA-216 rukmiNIha2Na-209 rUpiNI-238 lakSmIcandra-225 lakSmIsena ziSya-233 lavAMkuza caritra-236 lahu-aMkuza kathA-224 lAvaNI-230 viMcUgIta-208 vande jinavaram-237 vivekavilAsa-209 vizAlakIrti (prathama)-216 vizAlakIrti (dvitIya)-217 vizvatattvaprakAza-212 vItarAgastotra-224 vIradAsa-212, 213 vRSabha-227 vardhamAnacaritra-240 zAntinAtha AratI-224

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(16) zAntinAtha carita-210 zAntinAthastotra-220, 224 zAsanadevatApUjanacarcA-235 zivAnemisaMvAda-222 zItalanAtha AratI-223 zIlapatAkA-220 zrAvakAcAra-237 zrIpAlacarita-240 zrIpura pArzvanAtha AratI-218 zrIpura pArzvanAthastotra-240 zrutAvatAra-239 zreNikacaritra-207, 228 papAhuDa-237 SoDazakAraNabhAvanA-236 SoDazakAraNavratakathA-230 saMgItagarvaparihAranATaka-236 saMgIta jaina kIrtinAvalI-236 saMgIta nirvANakSetrapUjA-236 saMbohasuzIla manoramA-236 saMbodhasahastrapadI-230 saMmedAcalapUjA-218 sakalakIrti-208, 233 sakalabhUSaNa-231, 233 sajjanacittavallabha-236 saTavA-222 satI anantamatI-237 samavasaraNa AratI-226 samavasaraNa SapadI-222 sanmedazikharamAhAbhya-232 samyaktakaumudI-214, 219, 221, 237 sayA-225 sarasvatI AratI-222, 224 sAgAradharmAmRta-237 sArvadharma-238 siddhasenanI AratI-227 siddhAnta pravezikA-238 siddhAnta sAra saMgraha-240 sItAdivyagIta-209 sItAzIlaparIkSA-238 sItAzIlamAhAbhya-236 sugandhadazamIkathA-224 sugandhadazamIvratakathA-216 sudarzanacaritra-210, 212, 213, 240 supArzvanAtha AratI-225, 226 subhASitAvalI-236 sumati-238 sumatiprakAza-229 sUrijana-211 seTimAhAbhya-229 seThahirAcaMda nemacaMda dozI-235 soyarA-225, 226 svayambhastotra-240 svAtmavicAra-232 hanumAnacaritra-236 hanumAna purANa-231 harivaMzapurANa-209, 216 harivaMzarAsa-207 hemakIrti-218

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girirAjanI godamAM, najare nihALatAM, manane harI letA zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana-samavasaraNa mahAmaMdiranI AcherI jhalaka jagatanA tamAma dharmomAM jaina dharmanI eka mahattA enAM bhavya, alaukika ane adhyAtmabhAvanAthI bharapUra tIrtho che. A tIrtho bhaktanI bhakti, zreSThInI dAnavIratA, sAdhakanI upAsanA ane sAdhujanonI samatAno saMdeza ApIne saMsArasamudra taravA mATe jinabhaktino upadeza Ape che. samagra dezamAM ja nahi ba9 videzomAM aneka jinAlayo AvelAM che, paraMtu A badhA jinAlayanI yAtrA karIne potAnI bhaktibhAvanAne dhanya karavAnI paLa sahune sAMpaDatI nathI. kyAreka zArIrika ke Arthika zakti na hoya, to kyAreka samaya ke sagavaDano abhAva hoya. AthI ja pAlitANAmAM AvelA zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana ane zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdiramAM eka sAthe aneka tIrthonAM darzana ane bhAvapUjanano lAbha maLe che. jANe tIrthonuM saMgamasthAna ja joI lo ! girivara darzana viralA pAve A saMgamasthAna tIrthAdhirAja zrI zatruMjaya girirAja caDatAM ja jamaNI bAju AveluM che. deza ane videzanA khUNe khUNethI pratyeka jaina tIrthAdhirAja zrI zatruMjayanI yAtrA karavAnI sadaiva jhaMkhanA rAkhato hoya che. AthI ja zrI 108 tIrthadarzana bhavana pAlitANAmAM nirmANa karavAmAM AvyuM, jethI siddhagirinI yAtrAe AvanAra yAtrALune anokho tIrthadarzana, vaMdana ane pUjanano dharmamaya suyoga sAMpaDe che. nimitta mAtram AnI racanAnuM nimitta surata desAI poLanA zrI suvidhinAtha jinamaMdiramAM zrI desAI poLa peDhInA saMsthApaka dharmaniSTha DAhyAbhAI (kIkAbhAI) ratanacaMda kinArIvALAe taiyAra karAvela zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana banyuM. ahIM prAcIna tIrthonA mULanAyakajInA 36 * 30 iMcanI sAijhanAM citro dIvAla para birAjamAna karavAmAM AvyAM. paramapUjaya dharmarAja AcArya deva zrI vijayakasUrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja tathA pa. pU. paMnyAsajI (hAla AcArya ma.sA.) zrI caMdrodayavijayajI gaNi mahArAjanI nizrAmAM vi.saM. 2024nA kArataka vada2nA roja enuM udghATana karavAmAM AvyuM. tyArabAda DAhyAbhAIe 108 tIrthono eka paTTa bahAra pADyo. pachI potAnA dIkSA grahaNanA divase ja vi. saM. 2026 poSa suda 11nA 108 tIrthadarzanAvalinAmaka eka Alabama prakAzita karyuM. jemAM 108 tIrthanA mULanAyakajI, derAsara ane temano itihAsa levAmAM Avyo. 19

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(II) lokaAdara pAmela AnuM nimitta joIne vi. sa. 2028mAM surendranagaramAM zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana ane zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdiranuM nirmANa karavAno nirNaya karyo. pUjya dharmarAjA gurudevazrInI sphuraNA thAya che sAkAra 450 zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana ane zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira, sarasvatI maMdiranI bAjumAM (bAbunA derAsaranI sAme) vIsa hajAra vAra 400 phUTa laMbAI-pahoLAIvALI vizALa jamIna para taiyAra karavAmAM AvyuM che. 2500 varSa pahelAM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA zrImahAvIra svAmI jemAM birAjamAna haze, e samavasaraNa kevuM haze ? jinAgamo, samavasaraNastava Adi prAcIna stavo, stavanomAM ane anyatra paNa samavasaraNa saMbaMdhI ullekha maLe che te ja rIte keTalAya zilpIoe potAnI kalA temaja AgavI sUjhathI enI racanAno khyAla Apyo che, to keTalAMya citrakAroe enAM citra paNa banAvyAM che. pUjya AcAryadeva zrI vijaya kastUrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja potAnA dhyAnamAM zrI samavasaraNanuM ciMtana karatA hatA. A samaye 108 jaina tIrthadarzana goThavavAnI vicAraNA cAlI rahI hatI. evAmAM ekAeka teozrIne eka nUtana vicAra sphUryo. emaNe vicAryuM ke samavasaraNa paNa banAvavuM ane temAM 108 tIrtho AvI jAya tevI ramaNIya racanA karavI. evI sarasa goThavaNI ka2vI ke jethI vartamAna covIzI, 108 pArzvanAthajI, 108 tIrthapaTTo tathA 108 citrapaTTo vagere badhuM ja A saMgamamAM mahAsaMgama banI rahe... samavasaraNanI saphaLatAnA sukAnI pUjya guru bhagavaMto paramapUjya AcAryadeva zrI vijaya kastUrasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanA paTTadhara paramapUjya AcArya zrI vijaya caMdrodayasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanI zilpa-sthApatya saMbaMdhI sUjha-bUjhanA sahArA sAthenA saMpUrNa mArgadarzana heThaLa pUjya tapasvI muni zrI kuzalacaMdravijayajI ma. sA.nI jahematathI A kArya sArI evI saphaLatAne pAmyuM. temaja A tIrthadhAmanA utthAnamAM mArgadarzana pUjyAcArya mahArAja tathA teozrInA gurubaMdhu 5. pU. AcArya zrI vijaya azokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA., 5.pU.AcArya zrI vijaya jayacaMdrasUrIzvarajI ma.sA., pa.pU.paM. zrI pramodacaMdravijayajIgaNI ma.sA., pa.pU.paM. zrI ajitacaMdravijayajI gaNi ma.sA., 5.pU.paM. zrI vinItacaMdravijayajI gaNi ma.sA., pa.pU.paM. zrI hrIMkAracaMdravijayajI gaNi ma.sA., pa.pU.paM. zrI puSpacaMdravijayajI gaNi, paM. zrI somacaMdra vi.ma., 5.pU. munizrI amaracaMdra vi.ma., pa.pU. muni kailAsacaMdra vi.ma., pU. muni zrI rAjacaMdra vi. ma. Adi dharmarAjA pUjya gurudevanA ziSya-praziSya samudAyano athAka prayatna paNa nimittarUpa banela che.

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II) vizvamAM ajoDa zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira jonArane prathama najare ja jANe AkAzamAMthI UtarI AvyuM hoya tevuM lAge che. jemAM zrI pArzvanAthajI 108, tIrthapaTTo 108 ane citrapaTTo paNa 108 che. tenI UMcAI paNa 108 phUTanI rAkhI che. mahA maMdiramAM pravezatAM zrI nemi-vijJAna-karasUrIzvarajI dharmodyAna Ave che. suMdara kArIgarIthI zobhatuM AkarSaka A pravezadvAra dUrathI ja yAtrALunA manane mohI le che. tenI banne bAju nIkaLatI paththaramAMthI kaMDArela cakronI cakrAvali ane tenI upara paththaramAM ja aMkita akSaronI adbhutatA dvAranI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che. dvAranI aMdaranA bhAgamAM eka tarapha paraba ane bIjI bAju vizrAMtigRhanuM suMdara Ayojana vicArela che. hAla yAtriko mATe ThaMDA ane ukALelA pANInI paraba paNa rAkhelI che. lIlA-gulAbI kamaLonI paMkti samavasaraNanI AsapAsa patharAyela kamaLo jevI lAge che. mukhya daravAjamAM pravezatAM ja jamaNA hAthe eka ajoDa ane advitIya maMdiranA darzana thAya che. traNa gaDha rUpe tenI racanA thaI che. zAstrIya rIte taiyAra karela cAre dizAnA bAra daravAjA, suMdara kamAno, dvArapALo, bAre parSadA, caityavRkSa ane azokavRkSa najare caDhyA vagara rahetAM nathI ane tethI ja Aje zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana ane zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira vizvamAM enI bhavyatA, pavitratA ane mahattAthI khyAtanAma banyuM che. ahIM mAtra jinAlaya ja nahi paraMtu jaina khagoLa, bhUgoLa ane jaina itihAsanI mArmika jhAMkhI thatI hovAthI ja Ane mahAmaMdira kahevAmAM Ave che. prabhudarzanathI mana pAvana bane che mukhya dvAranA uMbaramAM paga mUkatAM ja kyAM pahelA darzana karavA javuM? te vicAramAM mugdha banela (muMjhAto) bhAvika zrI AdinAthadAdAnI bhavyamUrtinA darzanathI te tarapha jatI jAjvalyamAna ArasanI pagathAra dvArA aMdaranA daravAje pahoMcI jAya che ane pahoMcatA ja AMkha TharI jAya che. aho keTalo vizALa Doma! temaja nAMkhI najare nIrakhI na zakAya eTalo UMco mANekasthaMbha. A mahAmaMdiranI vizvabharamAM sauthI moTI e ja viziSTatA che ke 42 phUTa UMco ane 70 phUTa pahoLo goLa ghummaTa(Doma) paththarathI ja taiyAra thayela che. vIMTI jevA A vartuLAkAramAM 42 phUTa UMco ane 16 phUTa pahoLo aSTamaMgalathI temaja cheka Toca upara UMdhA kamaLanI pAMkhaDIothI suzobhita mANekathaMbha ratnanI jema dIpI UThe che. mANekasthaMbhanI cAre dizAmAM vartamAna covIsa tIrthaMkaronI bhAvollAsa jagADatI 24 mUrtio | birAjamAna che. A covIsamAMthI cAre bAjunA mULanAyaka tIrthakara zrI AdinAthajI, zrI zAMtinAthajI, zrI neminAthajI, zrI pArzvanAthajInI 41-41

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) iMcanI AdhyAtmika cetanAne jAgrata karatI pratimAo suMdara pavAsaNa upara birAjamAna che. temaja DomanI goLAImAM cAre dizAmAM kula 27-27nA vibhAgamAM, judAM judAM nAmothI vartamAnamAM prasiddha kula 108 zrI pArzvanAtha prabhunI mUrtio thAMbhalA vinAnI, jhUlatI kamAno upara rahela ghummaTavALI judIjudI mInI (nAnIzI) devakulikAmAM pratiSThita karela che. dareka prabhunI palAThImAM zrI samavasaraNa maMdiranA pratIka sahita lAMchano kaLAmayatAthI kotaravAmAM Avela che. A rIte eka sAthe thatA 24+ 108 =132 prabhunA darzanathI jIvana-mana pAvana banI jAya che. A che mahAmaMdiranuM AMtaradarzana prabhudarzanathI pAvana pathika prANapyArAM evA aitihAsika tIrthonAM darzana karavA bahAra Ave che. jyAM sAmenI goLAImAM 27-27nA 4 vibhAgamAM bhAratabharanAM 108 tIrthanAM jinAlayo, tenA mULanAyaka bhagavAna, teno itihAsa ane paricaya sAthe, je te tIrthomAM jaIne lIdhela AbehUba tasvIro Adhunika leminezana paddhatithI Arasa para mUkavAmAM Avela che. zrI giririjathI zarU karI rAjyavAra goThavela 108 tIrthapaTTonA darzanathI darzaka jANe te tIrthonI yAtrA karyAno saMtoSa anubhave che. te tIrthapaTTonI sAmenI goLAImAM prabhu zrIvIranA samayathI Ajadina sudhImAM thayelAM. dharma-saMgha-deza ane samAja mATe potAnuM AgavuM samarpaNa karanAra puNyavaMta evA 27sAdhu, 27sAdhvIjI, 27 zrAvaka ane 27 zrAvikAnAM citro paNa Arasa upara leminezana karI mUkavAmAM AvyAM che. atyAre paNa itihAsanAM pAnAM ukelatAM jANavA maLela aitihAsika hakIkato dvArA A citro je rIte benamUna taiyAra karelAM che, te jotAM lAge che ke A citrapaTTo lAgavAthI A mahAmaMdiranI darzanIyatA/aitihAsikatAno ghaNo ja vadhAro thayo che ane sAthe sAthe jaina itihAsamAM eka suvarNapRSThano umero thayo che. mahAmaMdiramAM zilpanI sAthe sAhityanuM gaThana - samavasaraNa maMdiranA aMdaranA cAre daravAjA upara tIrthaMkara prabhunA cAra viziSTa vizeSaNone darzAvatA - (1) mahAmAyaNa; (2) mahAgopa; (3) mahAsArthavAha; (4) mahAniryAmakanAM dazyo kalAtmaka rIte kaMDAya che. vaLI cAre dizAnA cAra mukhya daravAjAnI AjubAjunA be-be blaoNka (rUma) kula ATha bloka suMdara nakazIkAmanAM dvArothI zaNagAryA che. pahelA-bIja dvAramAM 16 vidyAdevInA, trIjA dvAramAM zubha zukana, cothA dvAramAM cAra zaraNa, cAra sAdhana ane cAra prakAranAM dAnanA; pAMcamA-chaThThA dvAramAM navakAra-vajapaMjaranI vividha mudrAnA ane navakAranA padonAM pratIko, sAtamA dvAramAM ATha pratihArya ane AThamA dvAramAM aSTamaMgalanA

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pratIko jhINavaTabharI dRSTie jotAM najare caDhe che. AThe blokamAM pahelAmAM hamaNAM vahIvaTI ophIsa che, bIjAmAM gurugaNa pradarzita karatuM bhavya gurumaMdira- zrI gautama svAmIjI, pUjya zAsanasamrATu, pUjya zrI vijJAnasUrijI ma.sA, pUjya dharmarAjA gurudevanI guru pratimA tathA mA cazkesarI ne mA padmAvatInI mUrtiothI dIpe che. jyAre bAkInA bIjA blaoNkamAM atIta, anAgata ne vartamAna covIzIno khyAla paNa ApavAmAM Avaze. zAzvatA tIrthakaronA paricaya citronI sAthe 63 zalAkA puruSa, 45 AgamanI pAMca vAcanA, aDhI dvIpa, utsarpiNI - avasarpiNI kALapAMcamA-chaThThA ArAnI temaja zrI virapATa paraMparAnI samaja ApatAM citro vagere mUkavAmAM Avaze. mahAmaMdiranuM hRdayaMgama bahAranuM bhavyadarzana, sadehe vicaratA bhAva jinezvara bhagavaMtanI lokottara puyAino khyAla - zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdiranA aMdaranA vibhAgonA darzanathI prabhAvita puNyAtmA upara birAjamAna prabhu zrIvIrane vaMdana karavA utkaTa banI bahAra Ave che. tyAM tyAre mukhya daravAjA upara tIrthaMkara prabhunAM cyavana, janma, dIkSA ane nirvANa kalyANakanAM kaMDArelA dazyone, nIkaLatAM jamaNI bAjue paththaramAMthI banAvela, sAkSAt jevI lAgatI gADAmAM rahela UMcI indradhvajane, vizALa bhIMto upara paththaramAM kaMDArela rAjA dazArNabhadrane Indra mahArAjanI prabhuvIranA caraNomAM AtmasamarpaNa bhAva prakaTa karatA paTTane, pradakSiNAkAre AgaLa vadhatAM pAchaLanA bhAgamAM zrI neminAtha prabhune kRSNa mahArAjA; zrI pArzvanAthajI, zrI AdinAthajI prabhu ne marudevA mAtAjInA padane temaja zrI prabhuvIra pratye saMpUrNa samarpitatA prakaTa karatA zreNika mahArAjanI bhaktinAM dazyone temaja nAnI nAnI vADIone joI prasanna bane che. jyAre yAtrikane pUja-bhakti karavA mATe jarUriyAtavALuM sAdhana joIe, te mATe DAbI bAjue rahela bhaktibhavana tarapha najara jAya che, jyAM Adhunika solAra mazIna dvArA yAtrika mATe garama-ThaMDA pANInI suMdara vyavasthA che ane prabhunI prakSAla pUjA mATe jarUrI pANIno saMcaya samavasaraNanI aMdara rahela TAMkAmAM temaja navA taiyAra thayela kuMDamAM thAya che. yAtrALunI A badhI vyavasthA joI samavasaraNa upara javA mATe pagathiyAM caDhatAM nAnA nAnA pattharanAM kuMbho, kAMgarA, suMdara toraNa-kamAnovALA cAre taraphanA bAre daravAjA, pahelA gaDhamAM paththaramAM kaMDArelA vividha vAhano, bIjA gaDhamAM vibhinna pazu-pakSIo, trIjA gaDhamAM sAdhu-sAdhvI-manuSya-strI-deva-devIonI bAre parSadAne nihALato, to kyAreka viziSTa thAMbhalIe TekaNa upara Teko leto, dhIme dhIme 108 pagathiyAM caDhI upara pahoMce che. jyAM suMdara pavAsaNa upara zrI mahAvIra svAmIjInI sAta hAthanI kAyAne lakSamAM rAkhIne padmAsane beThela 61 iMcanI pratimA apratihArya sahita

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I) cAre dizAmAM birAjamAna che. upara mAtra paththarathI ja nirmANa karela azokavRkSa ane caityavRkSanuM suMdara DALI pAMdaDAM sAthe nirmANa karyuM che. 27 phUTa UMcA ane 37 phUTano vyApa dharAvatA A vRkSanuM vajana aMdAje 500 Tana che. te badhuM vajana vRkSanI vaDavAI jevA dekhAtA totiMga thAMbhalA upara patharAI gayeluM che. pAMgaratA paroDhiye/prabhAte paramAtmAnA pUjakane ahIM anupama Atmika AhalAda avanavA anubhava thAya che. A rIte zrI samavasaraNa e mAtra maMdira nahi, balba mahAmaMdira che, jemAM jinazAsananI dhArmika ane AdhyAtmika bhavyatA, zilpa ane raMgarekhAmAM guMjI UThe che. * * * * * zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa TrasTImaMDaLa tathA pustaka prAptisthAna (1) zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana phona naM.02848-2492, 2561 zrI samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira, taLeTI roDa, pAlitANA - 364270 zrI mahendrabhAI khUbacaMda zAha C/o ratanacaMda jorAjI enDa kuM., goDIjI bilDIMga . 1, kikA sTrITa, pAyadhunI, muMbaI-400002. (3) zrI kAMtilAla ratilAla zAha saradAra sosAyaTI baMgalo, surendranagara - 360001. (4) zrI azvinabhAI zAMtilAla saMghavI kAyastha mahollo, gopIpurA, surata. zrI anilabhAI zAMtilAla gAMdhI 110, mahAkAnta bilDiMga, vI.esa.hospiTala sAme, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda - 380006. zrI mahendrabhAI caMdulAla vakhAriyA C/o vakhAriyA bradharsa, javAharacoka, surendranagara - 363001. zrI harSadarAya premacaMda zAha C/o dharmendra vAsaNa bhaMDAra, mahAtmA gAMdhI roDa, bhAvanagara-364001. (2) zrI harSadarAya cunIlAla bhArata TreDIMga kaMpanI, 111, TanaTanapurA sTrITa, muMbaI-400009. / -

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(VI) (9) zrI mukezabhAI jamanAdAsa zAha 36, saMpatarAva sosAyaTI, alakApurI, vaDodarA. (10) zrI ramezabhAI gAThANI 2, strInagara baMgaloja, seTelAITa roDa, somezvara jaina maMdira sAme, amadAvAda-380015 (11) zrI kIrITabhAI cunIlAla zAha sI-ra7, vasuMdharA epArTamenTa, trIje mALe, kRSNanagara, bhAvanagara. * * * * * nIcenA pustaka vikretAo pAsethI paNa zrI jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTa prakAzita pustako prApta thaze. (1) sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra hAthIkhAnA, ratanapoLa, amadAvAda-1 pArtha prakAzana jhaverIvADa nAkA, rIlIpha roDa, amadAvAda-1 navabhArata sAhityamaMdira zrI mahAvIra svAmI derAsara pAse, gAMdhI roDa, amadAvAda-1 navabhArata sAhityamaMdira 134, prInsesa sTrITa, muMbaI-40000ra (5) sevaMtIlAla vI. jene 20, mahAjana galI, pahele mALe, jhaverI bajara, muMbaI-400002

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(VII) zrInemi-vijJAna-kastUrajJAnamaMdira, surata tathA zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana TrasTa-pAlItANA prakAzita graMthonI yAdI krama graMthanuM nAma bhASA prakAzana samaya 1. abhidhAna ciMtAmaNI koza (caMdrodayaTIkA) prathamavRti 2013 dvitIyAvRti 2029 2. ahapUtana-pauSTika vidhAna 3. abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi (yutpatti ratnAkara TIkA) 4. ajita-vinIta svAdhyAya saMgraha gujarAtI 5. ArAmasohAkahA prAkRta 6. AtmadarpaNa gujarAtI 2055 7. karuNarasa kaTaMbaka pAia tathA saMskRta prakRta-saMskRta 1997 8. karmaprakRti-bhAga-1 gujarAtI 9. karmaprakRti-bhAga-2 gujarAtI 10. karmaprakRti-bhAga-3 gujarAtI 49. Glory of Jainism aMgrejI 12. gAgaramAM sAgara gujarAtI 2054 13. caturvizati jina stavavRti 2013 14. cAlo covIzI buhArIe gujarAtI 15. jinazAsananI kirtagAthA hiMdI 2054 16. jinazAsananI kirtIgAthA gujarAtI 2054 17. jinazAsananI balihArI gujarAtI 18. jaina darzana siddhAMto ane paricaya bhAga-1 gujarAtI 2044 19. jaina darzana siddhAMto ane paricaya bhAga-2 gujarAtI 2044 20. jaina dharma ke mUlatatva - bhAga-1 hiMdI 2044 21. jaina dharma ke mUlatatva - bhAga-2 hiMdI 2044 22. jaina darzananuM tulanAtmaka digdarzana 2024 23. tIrthAdhirAjane caraNe - prathamAgRti gujarAtI 2022 24. tIrthAdhirAjane caraNe - dvitIyAvRti gujarAtI gujarAtI 2022

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(I) 2032 saMskRta 25. nitya smaraNikA gujarAtI 26. naiSadha mahAkAvya (zrI ratnacaMdrajI gaNikRta TIkA) yagnastha 27. pabhya namaskAra stavavRti 2004 28. pAia vijJANa kahA-bhAga-1- prathamavRti prAkRta 2013 | dvitIyAvRti prAkRta 2024 29. pAia vijJANa kahA-bhAga-ra-prathamAgRti prAkRta 2027 dvitIyAvRti prAkRta 30. pAIa vijJANa gAhA prAkRta-saMskRta 2046 gujarAtI sAthe 31. prAkRta rUpamAlA prAkRta-gujarAtI 1982 32. prAkRta vijJAna pAThamAlA-prathamavRtti prAkRta-gujarAtI 1996 dvitIyAvRti prAkRta-gujarAtI 2004 tRtIyAvRti prAkRta-gujarAtI 2019 cartuthyAvRti prAkRta-gujarAtI 2044 33. prAkRta mArgadarzikA prAkRta-gujarAtI 2047 34. prAkRta vijJAna kathAo bhAga-1 prathamavRti gujarAtI 2024 dvitIyAvRti gujarAtI 2032 35. prAkRta vijJAna kathAo bhAga-2 prathamavRti gujarAtI 2014 dvitIyAvRti gujarAtI 2032 36. pratiSThAkalpa-aMjana zalAkAvidhi (jUnI) prathamavRti 2042 37. prItinI rIti gujarAtI 2047 38. pistAlIsa AgamanI saMkSipta rUparekhA gujarAtI 2010 39. paMDia dhaNavAlakahA saMskRta 1998 40. mahopAdhyAya bhAnucaMdra gaNicaritam 1998 41. merU zikhara navarAve gujarAtI 2054 42. vinaya saurakAM gujarAtI 2018 43. sacitra sarasvatI prAsAda guja-saMskRta 2055 44. zrAvaka dharma vidhAna gujarAtI 2004 45. girijaMbU sAmI cariyuM saMskRta 2004 46. siri vijayacaMdra kevalI cariyuM 2007 47. siri usahaNAha cariyuM 2025 saMskRta saMskRta prAkRta

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2027 2038 2033 2008 48. siricaMdarAya cariyuM 49. siri caMdarAya cariyuM gurjarAnuvAda 48. siri usaNA cariyuM gujarAnuvAda 49. zrIpAlacaritram (saMkSipta) dharmopadeza 50. zrI jina strota kozaH 51. zrI vitarAga stotrAdi saccaya: pa2. zrI sthamana pArzvanAtha mAhAtmaya 53. zrI upadhAna tapa mArgadarzikA 54. zrI 108 jaina tIrtha darzanAvalI 55. zrI 108 jaina tIrtha darzanAvalI pa6. surata tIrtha vaMda dakaroDa 57. sUrya sahastranAmamAlA 58. sUrya pUjA (paMja). 59. saMkhita taraMgavAI kahA (taraMgalolA) 60. saMkSipta prAkRta rUpamAlA 61. saMskRta maMdirAMta pravezikA (bIjI buka) 62. haripAlI saMcaya 63. hema nUtana ladhuprakriyA 64.jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra 65. prAkRta vijJAna graMtha prAkRta gujarAtI gujarAtI saMskRta saMskRta saMskRta gujarAtI gujarAtI guja-aMgrejI guja-hiMdI gujarAtI saMskRta gujarAtI prAkRta prAkRta 1996 2023 2052 20para 2054 2053 200 2005 gujarAtI 2025 gujarAtI 2025 2017 prAptisthAna zrI nemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUri jJAnamaMdira kAyastha mahollo, gopIpurA, surata-1

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krama graMthanuM nAma 1. prAkRta vijJAna bALa pothI - 1 2. prAkRta vijJAna bALa pothI - 2 3. prAkRta vijJAna bALa pothI - 3 4. prAkRta vijJAna bALa pothI - 4 5. zrI vIza sthAnaka tapa ArAdhanA vidhi zrInemi-vijJAna-kastUrasUri graMtha zreNI (XI) 6. zrI vIza sthAnaka tapa (kathAo sahita) 7. zrI vIza sthAnakanI kathAo 8. vaMdu jina covIza 9. bhakti vaibhava 10. prAkRta vijJAna saMkSepa 11. he jInA jAgIza 12. pratiSThA kalpa- aMjana zalAkA-pratiSThAvidhi (dvitIyAvRti) 13. dazavaikAlikasUtram 14. karmaprakRti bhAga-3 15. mauna ekAdazI parva 16. abhidhAna cintAmaNi nAmamAlA 17. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-1 - aMga Agama 18. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-2 - aMgabAhya Agamo 19. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-3 - Agamika vyAkhyAo - 20. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-4 - karma sAhitya-Agamika prakaraNa 21. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-5 - lAkSaNika sAhitya 22. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-6 - kAvya sAhitya 23. jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga-7 - kannaDa-tAmila, marAThI 24. pramANa mImAMsA svopajJavRtti sahita, gujarAtI anuvAda sahita 25. jaina dharma-darzana, mohanalAla mehatA(gujarAtI anuvAda)

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XII) RNa svIkAra amo AbhArI chIe paramapUjya sva. AcAryazrI vijayacaMdrodayasUrIzvarajI mahArAja, . parama pUjaya sva. AcArya zrI vijayaazokacaMdrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja, parama pUjaya AcAryazrI vijayasomacaMdrasUrijI mahArAja tathA anya muni bhaMgavatonA. bhAga-7 "kannaDa, tAmila tathA marAThI jaina sAhitya" nA prakAzanamAM Arthika sahayoga ApavA badala zrI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapagaccha jaina saMgha,muluMDa (pUrva), muMbai tathA vimalanAtha jaina ArAdhanA saMdha, bANagaMgA, vAlakezvara, muMbaInA. A prakAzananA Arthika sahayogamAM phALo ApanAra aneka saMsthAo tathA dAtAzrIonA. zrI pArzvanAtha jaina zodha saMsthAna, vArANasInA tathA tenA pUrva niyAmaka DaoN. sAgaramalajI jainanA. gujarAtI AvRtinA mAnad saMpAdako DaoN. nagInabhAI zAha tathA DaoN. ramaNIkabhAI zAhanA. uttama chApakAma mATe lesara ImpazansavALA zrI mayaMka zAha tathA mANibhadra prinTarsavALA zrI kanubhAI bhAvasAra ane suMdara sacitra TAITala DijhAIna mATe kIMga Imeja prA. li. nA DAyarekTara zrI jIvaNabhAI vaDodariyAnA. li. zrI 108 jaina tIrthadarzana bhavana TrasTanA TrasTIo.

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(XIII) jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 thI 7 tathA "pramANamImAMsA" ane "jaina dharma-darzana" nA prakAzanamAM Arthika sahayoga ApanAra saMsthAo bhAga - 1 "aMga Agama" zrI navajIvana jaina zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka saMgha, muMbaI bhAga - 2 "aMgabAhya Agama" zrI vilepArlA zvetAMbaramUrtipUjaka jaina saMgha enDa cerITIjha, vilepArlA(pUrva), muMbaI. * * * bhAga - 3 "Agamika vyAkhyAo" (1) pArzvanAtha je. mU. saMgha, ghATakopara, muMbaI (2) prInsesa sTrITa luhAra cAla jaina saMgha, muMbaI bhAga -4 karmasAhitya ane Agamika prakaraNa" zrI mATuMgA jaina zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapAgaccha saMgha, mATuMgA, muMbaI * * *

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(XIV) bhAga - 5 "lAkSaNika sAhitya" vAsupUjya svAmI derAsara TrasTa-sarakheja, ji. amadAvAda bhAga - 6 "jaina kAvyasAhitya" zrI sAMtAkrujha jaina tapAgaccha jaina saMgha, sAMtAkrujha, muMbaI. bhAga - 7 kannaDa, tAmila tathA marAThI jaina sAhitya" (1) zrI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka tapagaccha jaina saMgha, muluMDa(pUrva), muMbaI (2) vimalanAtha jaina ArAdhaka saMgha, bANagaMgA, vAlakezvara, muMbaI * * pramANamImAMsA" bAbu amIcaMda pannAlAla Adezvara Tempala, vAlakezvara, muMbaI jaina dharma-darzana" zrI vardhamAna dhanalakSmI jaina che. mU. pU. dhArmika TrasTa, borIja, gAMdhInagara

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5 THEWANG ka mAmA namaH vIDiyayaninAva ka kAlimAnAmiva padanAnArU kanyAyAmAyA, mA kazudA kalA na kara baka mAna dinA maNimAlA ma sapanIyazvama nAmada mA kamisa s dulAla maza vinimaya nama pA nAminimA mAyA samAjAtAnA dIsaNArthi / AkA sunAnAmAjyamAkAzAdAviMzahari mnomaalinaa|prnaamrnns paalii|7vaamaan mAnAyalA lAganInaTanaTI pAva sammAnanAnikAnanAnavamAnakA sAmAna mAmA kimAmeti jivisamA svamAsikamA pani kAnamA sanamAyakA minApaka vAcanamA manokA shaalinii|| kanakI pinAsAmA baamH|| 13 ekA miDiyAyanamama mAtevisAvA madanaMda mikameDala yazasvAsthApanAkika / / 1122 mAvA yamakiyA nikalpAkaniSadhAnAma mAyAvAdI yativAdAla nimAvimanAra kaniyAmA pajiyA // 41 mA pipi yA dinAMkApApitiko kamI achAma4yasamA sikozikAna pani mAyA dArava suMdara mAnAvamAnAne samAdhi nAmAdikAda mAmAmapivAna vijJAnAcApinAtigADAca mAnatoi pimAyAvinA simAnAmA nidhApikA zrAvaya nIlAmavAla sAdarva samapivada mairvinAni yattada kavilAvAlA mohAta lAlavirugyAsamidhikamAsumA m cAyanAmana jAyanAdisa~ga maanvidyaatyaadyo| lAmA nizvinAvali mApitAnyasi vaninAvamA madyAnAnAlA kasArA polipi mAnavakA jJAna sAmAthi adAkA vegamAna 4viyayAmasAyanApAni svIka nAgi ARC

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SPIREstehelseaNGHREE alieleet bio LEDucationpload ekAekatrimaryAyAmAkamA ja016canikalAnanAbAhamAca yisanAmavisAsvAAtriyanisAna malavAmAnAma kasammAnajhinAni vRhmaNAsavATvAnoma navidanadhisaDamanaH calleletailGICLES mAdhi nAnAmivAsanAmAninAnAmita LATHealbaEER nasvamAjhakanA kadhAvanamAmina babhivakSapIDita nyakAsamiDiyA mikAmeDalAujaya sayAna BEEleeptember Eleuleraneleuellelne yahAvApakabANAcayADinakolA namayadAurAzAjagAvagAyata midyAyavaka gAnadhAtAganyAna mAvayavATaramadhiyA sAdhAsumAsAdvApara dAyAbhUdAnAsAna tamAzAlivamAnanA mihAnagayAdhAtAva melanilebees decibela FEAREECEhpiressletes SUHANDIRelatreerealik RAULAMERUARTER RAJEnlesLICROSTER Hotelbaar disAyAdhiAnAmA dAi kAnayAtaca vAtAvarSakA nAnidhi bajakadevaka lAyacAnanAmAsamabaMda AdivAsivamAchAmA allAdivAnasikanivAsa pa.nAliyAnAspRhAyaba aMbAnAyava manAvatAnAdhamAdhavAnumAnamA ghalAnanavavalAlAmathAnAnividAyamA inakAnAnilAlayiSyanasannavAlAyajhara mAjhyAmithilAmAdhAnAnayaMzyAmamAna bolanakAUyAninisAyadAna kavAyanAlananAyanAni nivizvAnaspaTAbAlAiva mApiAnAmAnyasivanimAnavAdakAganAjAnavara vAmAnazvayAviSaya

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zrI 108 jaina tIrtha darzana bhavana-samavasaraNa mahAmaMdira - pAlItANA