Jain Darshan

Author(s): Zaverilal V Kothari
Publisher: University Granth Nirman Board
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004504/1

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jainadarzana lekhaka : prA. jhaverIlAla vi. kAThArI, nivarsiTI Gradglods pratha marsi gujarAta rAjya

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jainadarzana : lekhaka : prA. jhaverIlAla vi. kADhAra, ema. e. tattvajJAnanA prAdhyApaka, bahAuddIna sarakArI vinayana koleja, jUnAgaDha. Gudgeons yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANu e gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6

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JAINISM by Prof. Zaverilal V. Kothari : prakAzaka : je, zrI, se'Dila adhyakSa yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANu kheADa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-380 006 (c) yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa be 8, ma prathama AvRtti : 1984 nala : 1100 "Published by the University Book Production Board, Gujarat State, under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Production of Books and Literature in Regional Languages at the University level. dia in the Ministry of Education nive then, Welfare (Departmen of Culture), New Delhi." and st ki`mata : rU. 1500 zrI vi prinTiMga presa WE ARE mArkeTa, dilhI daravAjA bahAra, amadAvAda-380 004

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prakAzakanuM puravacana ucca keLavaNInuM mAdhyama mAtRbhASA bane te mATe yunivarsiTI kakSAe pratyeka vidyAzAkhA mATe vipula graMthasAmagrI tayAra thavI joIe. A hetuthI kendra sarakAre Arthika sahAya ApIne prAdezika bhASAomAM yunivarsiTI kakSAnA pustake ane sAhitya prakAzita karavAnI cejanA ghaDI ane tene sAkAra karavA mATe 1970mAM A beDa racavAmAM AvyuM. kendra sarakAra taraphathI A kArya mATe maLatAM anudAne uparAMta eprila 1, 1976thI A yojanAmAM rAjya sarakAre paNa amuka anudAna ApavAnuM svIkAryuM che. A yojanAmAM rAjyanI yunivarsiTInA prAdhyApaka ane anya vidvAno dvArA yunivarsiTI kakSAnA abhyAsakramane AvarI letAM pAThayapustaka ane saMdarbhagraMthe prakAzita karavAmAM AvyAM che ane e kArya haju vaNathaMbhya cAlu ja che. A pejanA anusAra gujarAta rAjyanI yunivarsiTIomAM vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA tattvajJAna viSayane vidyArthIone suyogya gujarAtI graMtha ApavAnI vyavasthAmAM jainadarzana pustaka prakAzita karatAM AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. e AnaMdamAM umere e vAta thAya che ke pustakanA lekhaka che. jheDa. vI. koThArI A viSayane jJAtA che ane emaNe potAnA jJAna ane anubhavane lAbha vidyArthIone ApavAnuM svIkAryuM che. A pustakanuM parAmarzana karavA badala , mehanalAla mahetA ne AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A graMtha ekalA vidyArthI one ja nahIM paNa A viSayamAM rasa letA badhA ja abhyAsIo ane jijJAsuone paNa jaina dharmanA hArdane samajavAmAM khUba ja upayogI nIvaDe ema che, ane e badhAne AvakAra A graMtha pAmaze evI hArdika apekSA che. je. bI. seMDila yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6 me, 1984 adhyakSa

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AtmAdagAra aneka strotonA saMgamasamI ane jIvaMtatAnI AgavI lAkSaNikatA mATe suvikhyAta bhAratIya saMskRtimAM prAcIna kALathI daSTigocara thatI brAhmaNa ane zramaNa paraMparAomAMthI A graMtha zramaNa paraMparAnI aMtargata jainadarzanane paricaya ApavAno namra prayAsa che. A graMthanA che vibhAga-prakaraNo jaina ItihAsa, tattvavijJAna, tarkazAstra, jJAnamImAMsA, mane vijJAna ane nItizAstra heThaLa jainadarzananA vividha viSayone AvarI le che ane anya bhAratIya darzananA pariprekSamAM temanI carcAvicAraNA kare che. AthI A graMtha vidyArthIo ane prAdhyApakamitro uparAMta jijJAsu jaina-jainetara sAmAnya janasamudAya mATe paNa rasaprada ane upayogI nIvaDaze evI AzA che-zraddhA che. jainadarzana" lekhana saMdarbhamAM eka vAtano ullekhane prastuta mAnuM chuM. varSo pUrve madrAsa yunivarsiTInA tatvajJAna vibhAganA adhyakSa ane prAdhyApaka De. TI. ema. pI. mahAdevana heThaLa temanA dvArA sUcavAyela "Jaina Theory of Reality" viSaya para risarca skolara tarIke kArya karatAM karatAM jaina parivAranAM saMskAramAM ucharela evA mArAmAM jainadarzana prati savizeSa abhiruci keLavAI ane tenA paripAkarU che gujarAta yunivarsiTI jarnala vidyA'mAM : (?) Jaina Metaphysics(1961),(2) Syadvada and Relativity (1961), 247 (3) The Jaina Doctrine of Karina and Omniscience (1978) HiH 2494124 44491 2407 All India Philosophical Conferenceril judIjudI SessionsmAM jainadarzananA "peparsa' vAMcavA prerAyA. taduparAMta gujarAta tatvajJAna pariSadanA rAjakoTa khAtenA 1981nA dvitIya adhivezanamAM "Either Omniscience Or Freedom' nAmaka pepara-vAMcana karavA prerAyo je A pariSadanA abhyAsalekhonA saMgraha "ciMtanamAM prasiddha thayela che. uparokta saMdarbhamAM yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDanuM jainadarzana" lekhana mATe AmaMtraNa maLatAM mane atyaMta khuzI thaI ane meM tene UlaTabhera pIkAra karyo. jainadarzana" lekhana mATe pAThavela AmaMtraNa mATe yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDane AbhAra mAnuM chuM. jainadarzananA khyAtanAma vidvAna, aneka jaina graMthanA lekhaka ane punA yunivarsiTInA jainadarzananA prAdhyApaka DaoN. mohanalAla mahetAnI jainadarzananA

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parAmarzaka tarIke sevA upalabdha thaI e A graMtha mATe gauravanI vAta samaju chuM ane jainadarzana" lekhanamAM maLela temanA upayogI ane kiMmatI salAhasUcane ane mArgadarzana badala temanA pratye khUba khUba AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karuM chuM. lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira-amadAvAdanA saMskRtanA riDara, mAre sahadayI mitra ane vidvAna prAdhyApaka Do. nagIna zAha prati mane joItAM pustake sulabha banAvavA badala ane anya rIte paNa sahAyabhUta thavA badala AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karavAnI taka jhaDapu chuM. taduparAMta, ha. kA. ArTasa kaoNleja-amadAvAdanA tatvajJAna vibhAganA adhyakSa ane mArA sahRdayI mitra zrI dAmubhAI gAMdhIe A pustaka-lekhanamAM aMgata rasa dAkhavI tenI vAMcana -sAmagrI upalabdha karavAmAM sahAya karavA badala temanA prati paNa AbhAranI lAgaNuM vyakta karyA sivAya rahI zakato nathI. aMtamAM, A pustakanI aMtima nakala taiyAra karavAmAM sahAyabhUta thanAra mArI jIvanasaMginI zrImatI kanakatArA koThArIne ze visarAya ? gUjarAta koleja-amadAvAdathI bahAuddIna kolejajUnAgaDhamAM badalI thavAne lIdhe A graMtha-lekhana kArya thaDA samaya mATe khoraMbhe 5DayuM ane pariNAme tenA prAkaTayamAM vilaMba thatAM vidyArthImitro ane prAdhyApaka -mitrone rAha jovI paDI e badala kSamA yAcu chuM. aMtamAM, A graMtha vidyArthI mitro, prAdhyApakamitro ane jaina tatvajJAnanA jijJAsu janasamudAyane koIpaNa rIte upayogI nIvaDaze to A graMtha lekhanane hetu sArthaka thaze ema mAnI viramuM chuM. 23-4-1984 jhaverIlAla vi. jeThArI ciMtana 55/332 sarasvatInagara amadAvAda-380015

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anukramaNikA pRSTha naMbara 1-31 ma prakaraNa 1. pUrvabhUmikA (1) prAstAvika-1 (2) "zramaNa zabda-2 (3) jaina paraMparAnuM mahattva-2 (4) jaina saMskRti ane drAviDa saMskRti-3 (5) kALa-4 (6) tIrthaMkara-4 (7) RSabhadeva(8) neminAtha-5 (9) pArzvanAtha-6 (10) bhagavAna mahAvIra-6 (11) jena saMdha-12. (12) gaNudhare-13 (13) jaina sAhitya-14 (14) jaina sAhityakAre-20 (15) tAMbara ane digaMbara paraMparAo-22 (16) zuM jainadarzana nirIzvaravAdI che ?27. 2. jana tatvavijJAna (1) prAstAvika-32 (2) jaina sattAmImAMsA-33 (3) satanuM svarUpa : satanAM lakSaNo-34 (4) dravya, guNa ane paryAya-35 (5) dravyane nihALavAnAM cAra judAM judAM daSTibiMdue-37 32-78

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[7] (6) tattvanA siddhAMtanA sabaMdhamAM vaividhya ane tAdAtmya 38 (7) bheda-abheda aMge vibhinna maMtavyA-39 (8) dravyanI saMkhyA 46 (9) dravyanuM tAttvika vargIkaraNa : 1DadrA-49 (10) tattvanuM naitika vargIkaraNa : nava tattve 68. 3. jaina tarkazAstra (1) prAstAvika-79 (2) 'syAdvAda' ane anekAMtavAda' zabdonI samajUtI-79 (3) syAddada ke anekAMtavAda-80 (4) saptabhaMgI naya-82 (5) sakalAdeza ane vikalAdeza-88 (6) nayanA prakAra-89 (7) nayAbhAsa-93 (8) jaina pramANamImAMsA-95, 4. jaina jJAnamImAMsA (1) prAstAvika-108 (2) jaina jJAnamImAMsAnA tabakkAo-108 (3) jJAnanuM svarUpa-111 (4) jJAnanuM prAmANya-114 (5) darzana ane jJAna--116 (6) jJAnanA prakAre : 5cajJAna-121, 5. jaina maneAvijJAna (1) mana-131 (2) AtmA-133. 6. jaina nItizAstra (1) prAstAvika-146 (2) jaina nanuM virakata-tyAgI valaNu-146 79-107 108-130 131-145 146-189

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[8] (3) jaina nItizAstramAM tyAga ke saMnyAsa-147 (4) zramaNAcAra athavA 5camahAvrata-149 (5) zrAvakAcAra athavA pAMca aNuvratA-155 (6) terApaMthanA ahiMsAviSayaka khyAla-162 (7) karmanA siddhAMta-164 (8) guNukoNI ke guNusthAnanA siddhAMta : AtmavikAsa ke AdhyAtmika vikAsanAM seApAne-181 upasaMhAra graMthasUci 188 189-190

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- 1 prakaraNa 1 pUrvabhUmikA 1. prAstAvika bhAratIya saMskRtinI keTalIka AgavI lAkSaNikatAo che. te tenI jIvaMtatA mATe suvikhyAta che. te aneka tene saMgamamAMthI udbhavela eka virATa jIvanastrota che, akhalitapaNe vahe che, navAM navAM pANI le che, potAnAM pANI dUra-sudUra paryata prasarAve che, sadAye pitAnI pragati ane tAjagI bharI rAkhe che ane yugakAryane sAnukULa banI AzIrvAdarUpa nIvaDe che. te eka dharmaparAyaNa virATa sAmAjika prayoga paraMparA che. te aneka prakAranA vicArane vikAsa che. temAM na jANe keTakeTalI dhArAonA pravAha vahyA che. anekatAmAM ekatA ane ekatAmAM anekatA bhAratIya saMskRtinI prAcIna paraMparA che, A sArIya vividhatAnAM UDIne AMkhe vaLage evAM be svarUpa che : (1) brAhmaNa paraMparA ane (2) zramaNa paraMparA. baMne vicArapravAhe atyaMta prAcIna che, anAdi che. baMne hamezAM sAthe sAthe vahe che. A baMne vicArapravAhone AdhAra mAnavajAti che. mAnava svayaM A baMne vicAradhArAone strota che. A baMne mane vaijJAnika satya para nirbhara che. mAnava-vicAra A baMne vicAradhArAomAM svAbhAvika rIte vahe che. koIkavAra te eka vicArapravAhane vizeSa mahattva arpe che, te kaIkavAra anyane; paraMtu A baMne vicAradhArAo haMmezAM astitvamAna che. keIka samaye eka pravAha mAnava-samAja para vizeSa prabhAva pADe che, te anya samaye bIjo pravAha adhika prabhAvazALI bane che. pravAha anAdi che, anaMta che. baMne vicArapravAhe ekamekane prabhAvita kare che. vAstavamAM bhAratIya saMskRti samanvayAtmaka saMskRti che ane tenA vikAsamAM baMne vicAradhArAenuM pota potAnuM yogadAna che. baMne dhArAomAM jema aneka samAnatAo che tema temanAmAM potapotAnI vizeSatAo ane vibhinnatAo paNa che, eka vicAradhArA sAmya para ane Amika vikAsa (tapa ane tyAga) para bhAra mUke che; jyAre bIjI vicAradhArA viSamatA para ane jIvananA bAhya svArtha (bhAga ane maja) para bhAra je. 1

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jainadarzana A rIte jIvananI be paraspara virodhI vRttio (pakSA) be virodhI AcAravicAramAM abhivyakti pAme che. A baMne paraMparAo mAnavajIvananI aMtargata be bhinna svabhAvayukta vRttionI pratIkamAtra che. brAhmaNadhArAmAM vaidika, Arya ke hindu paraMparAne samAveza thAya che, jayAre zramaNa paraMparAmAM jena, biddha ane A prakAranI anya tapapradhAna ke yogika paraMparAone samAveza thAya che. zramaNa saMskRtinA dhuraMdharomAM mahAvIra ane buddha uparAMta gozAlaka, pUraNakAzyapa, ajitakezakuMbalI, pakupakAtyAyana ane saMjaya beladipurane paNa samAveza thAya che. gozAlake camAvya tat mavaSyati-je thavAnuM che te thaze-e niyativAdane nAda gUjata karyo hato. brAhmaNa paraMparAnuM upalabdha mAnya sAhitya veda che. jene ane baddha paraMparAo spaSTapaNe zramaNa saMskRtinI zAkhAo che ane baMnene pitapotAnA pramANabhUta siddhAMtagraMthe che. baMne vedane pramANa mAnatA nathI, Izvarane vedanA katAM mAnatA nathI, ke vedone apAruSeya mAnatA nathI. AjIvika paNuM zramaNa saMskRtinI zAkhA che, paraMtu tenuM kaI maulika sAhitya Aje upalabdha nathI. zramaNa paraMparA sAmya (samAjaviSayaka ane prANu sRSTi pratye daSTiviSayaka) para pratiSThita che. 2. "zramaNa zabda : zramaNa zabada mATe prAkRta sAhityamAM "sama" zabdaprayoga thAya che. jena- sUtramAM TheraThera "samaNa zabda daSTigocara thAya che ane tene artha "sAdhu thAya che. A "samaNu" zabadanAM traNa svarUpe zakya cheH 1. zramaNa, 2. samana, ane 3. zamana. 1. zramaNa zabda "zrama dhAtumAMthI udbhavela che ane tene artha thAya che parizrama karavo. tapasyAnuM bIjuM nAma parizrama paNa che. je vyakti potAnA ja zramathI utkarSa prApti kare che te zramaNa che. 2. samana eTale samAnatA-prANImAtra pratye samabhAva. 3. zamanane artha che zAMta karavuM-kuvRttio-vAsanAone zAMta karavI. zramaNa saMskRtinA mULamAM zrama-sama-zama e trividha tatte vidyamAna che. 3. jana paraMparAnuM mahattva : jaina paraMparA ane bauddha paraMparA zramaNa saMskRtinI aMtargata hovA chatAM baMne paraMparAo eka nathI, bhinna bhinna che. A hakIkata tadana spaSTa hovA chatAM pro. lAsena jevA keTalAka vidvAna buddha ane mahAvIranA siddhAMtamAM daSTigocara sAmyane lIdhe temane be bhinna bhinna vyaktio na mAnatAM eka ja vyakti hovAnuM mAne che, jyAre pro. vebara jevA vidvAne jaina dharmane bauddha dharmanI eka zAkhA

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pUrvabhUmikA mAtra mAne che. A baMne mAnyatAo hakIkata viruddha che, kAraNa ke A baMne svataMtra, bhinna vicAraparaMparAo che. eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu jaina paraMparA biddha paraMparAthI prAcIna che. mohana-jo-daDo ane haDappAnI siMdhu sabhyatA (3000 I.sa.pUrve) jene saMskRtinI prAcInatA para pUrato prakAza pADe che. mehana-jo-daDo ane haDappAmAM mUrtivAdanI spaSTa jhalaka dekhAya che. ahIMthI aneka nagna citro ane nagna mUrtio paNa prApta thaI che ane A tapasvI yogIonAM citra ke mUrti hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. mUrtivAda ane nagnatA jaina saMskRtinI mukhya vizeSatA che. jene paraMparAnI prAcInatA aMge veda, taittirIya saMhitA, brahmasUtra, bhAgavata vagere vaidika dharmagraMthomAM ane bauddhonA tripiTaka grAmAM vipula sAmagrI upalabdha che. temaja jene paNa paraMparAgata rIte tema mAnatA AvyA che. zrI mahAvIra jaina paraMparAnA saMsthApaka nathI, paraMtu vIsamA aMtima tIrthakara che. A be paraMparAomAMthI bahadharma tenA uddabhava sthAnamAM bhAratamAMthI mahad aMze adazya thaye che ane videzamAM prasaryo che, - jyAre janadharma bhAratamAM adyApiparyata jIvaMta che ane bhAratIya jIvananA nirmANa ane parivartanamAM tenuM mahattvapUrNa pradAna che. paraMtu tene prabhAva bhArata bahAra jUja pramANamAM che. jaina dharma ane darzanamAM ahiMsAnuM advitIya sthAne che. pAMca va, karmavAda, paDadravya, navata, syAddavAda (anekAMtavAda) jaina dharma ane darzananA mahatvapUrNa siddhAMta che. "jaina" zabda "jina" parathI uddabhavela che. jina" saMskRta dhAtu "jJa-jItavuM parathI utarI Avela hoI tene artha vijetA thAya che. vijetA eTale potAnA -aMtaHzatru be-vikAre-rAga-dveSa para saMpUrNa prabhutva prApta karanAra AtmA. jina zabdane prayoga mAtra tIrthaMkara pUratuM maryAdita nathI, kevaLajJAna prApta karanAra sarve AtmAe. mATe paNa tene upayoga thAya che. 4. jana saMskRti ane drAviDa saMskRti : jena ane drAviDa saMskRtio vacce aneka samAnatAo cheH 1. baMne saMskRtio saraLa, spaSTa ane nirAzAvAdI daSTikeNumukta che. jainadharma nirAzAvAdI che, at saMsArane duHkha dUrNa he.vAnuM mAne che. vaidika AzAvAdamAM Ane abhAva che. 2. baMne anIzvaravAda temaja AtmA ane jaDa padArtho vayenA dvavAdamAM mAne che. 3. baMne punarjanma ane karmavAdanA siddhAMtane siddha kare che.

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jenadarzana 5. kALa : - jainadaSTie, kALa-gaNanA mATe utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNuM evA be mukhya vibhAgo che. utsarpiNI kALamAM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, zarIra, AyuSya, baLa vagere padArthonI kramaza: unnati thAya che, arthAt uttarottara sukhavRddhi thAya che; jyAre avasarpiNI kALamAM A padArthonI kramazaH avanati thAya che, arthAt A sukhamAM kamI (dhaTADA) thatI jAya che. paraMtu A unnati ane avanati samUhanI apekSAe che, vyaktinI apekSAe nathI. utsarpiNInI carama sImA ja avasarpiNIne prAraMbha che, ane avasarpiNInA aMta utsarpiNane prAraMbha che. A kALa-cakra kramika rIte cAlatuM rahe che. pratyeka utsarpiNa cha bhAge-ArAe (saMskRtamAM ara) che : (1) duHkhaduHkha, (2) du:kha, (3) duHkha-sukha, (4) sukha-duHkha, (5) sukha, ane (6) sukhasukha. avasarpiNInA uparokta cha bhAgo UlaTI kramamAM cheH (1) sukha-sukha, (2) sukha, (3) sukha-duHkha, (4) duHkha-sukha, (5) duHkha, (6) duHkha-duHkha. Aje ApaNe avasarpiNa kALanA pAMcamA ArA-duHkha-mAM jIvI rahyA chIe. 6. tIrthakara : tIrthakarane sAmAnya artha che tAranAra-mArgadarzaka arthAta pitAnA upadeza dvArA saMsAranA jIvone sAcA rAhe doranAra. tIrtha eTale ovAra-nadIne kinAre ke jyAM UtarIne rahevAya che. zAstro ane cAritrya dvArA Avo kinAre racanAra. tIrthakara kahevAya che. jene zAsana e saMsArarUpI nadI UtaravAne ovAre-kinAre che ane e bAMdhanAra tIrthakara che. jaina dharmamAM "tIrtha karIne viziSTa artha che. sAdhusAvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA e cAra tIrthone astitvamAM lAvanAra. utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNuM e baMne kALa vibhAgomAM asaMkhya AtmAo mukti meLave che. A, kevaLIomAMnA tIrthakara navA dharmanI sthApanA karatA nathI paraMtu teo kALabaLe dharmamAM pravezela zithilatAne dUra karI temAM navuM cetana reDe che. cha ArAomAM phakta 24 AtmAo ja tIrthakara (eTale sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMdha athAta tIrthanI sthApanA karanAra)nuM pada prApta kare che. vartamAna kALanA 24 tIrthakarenA nAma nIce mujaba che : (1) RSabhadeva (AdinAtha), (2) ajitanAtha, (3) saMbhavanAtha, (4) abhinaMdana, (5) sumatinAtha, (6) padmaprabha, (7) supArvanAtha, (8) caMdraprabha, (9) suvidhinAtha, (10) zItalanAtha, (11) zreyAMsanAtha, (12) vAsupUjya, (13) vimaLanAtha, (14) anaMtanAtha, (15) dharmanAtha, (16) zAMtinAtha, (17) kuMthunAtha, (18) aranAtha, (19) mallinAtha, (20) munisuvrata, (21) naminAtha, (22) neminAtha, (23) pArzvanAtha, ane (24) mahAvIrasvAmI..

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pUrvabhUmikA 17. uSabhanAtha : - vartamAna cevIsInA sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva prAgaitihAsika kALamAM thayA hevAnuM manAya che. temane "AdinAtha paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. temane janma ayodhyAmAM thaye hato. temanA pitAnuM nAma nAbhi kulakara hatuM. temanI mAtAnuM nAma marudevI hatuM ane temanI patnInuM nAma sumaMgalA hatuM. RSabhadeva A jagatanA sarva prathama rAjA banyA ane temaNe ayodhyAne rAjadhAnI banAvI. temaNe luhAracitArA-vaNakara-hajAma-nI 4 kaLAe sarvaprathama prakaTa karI. A kaLAonAM nAme jenazAstromAM ApavAmAM AvyAM che. temaNe temanA 100 putrane judAM judAM rAjya soMpI jagatanA jIvonA hitArthe dharma-pravartana mATe dIkSA aMgIkAra karI ane tyArathI teo Adi muni kahevAyA. dIrghakALa paryata sAdhu dharmanuM pAlana karyA bAda temane kevaLajJAna utpanna thayuM. TalAye varSo bAda teo aSTApada parvata para nirvANa pAmyA ane mekSe saMcaryo. RSabhadevanA jamAnAmAM mAnavInuM AyuSya mahajAro varSonuM ane manuSyonI kAyAnuM pramANa ghaNuM moTuM hovAnI mAnyatA pracalita che. RSabhadevanuM AyuSya 84 lAkha varSanuM hovAnuM manAya che. RSabhadeve sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA ema caturvidha saMghanI sthApanA karI. RSabhadevanA prathama putra bharata sarva pradeza jItI prathama cakravatI rAjA thayA hovAnuM manAya che. RSabhadeva pachI 20 tIrthakare paNa atyaMta prAcIna kALamAM thaI gayela che ane temanA aMge bahu pramANabhUta aitihAsika mAhitI upalabdha thatI nathI. 8. neminAtha (ariSTanemi) : neminAthane janma yAdava kuLamAM thayo hato. kRSNanA pitA vasudeva ane ariSTaneminA pitA samuvi baMne sagA bhAIo hatA. Ama te kRSNanA kAkAnA putra hatA. dvArakAnA rAjA ugrasenanI suputrI rAmatI sAthenA temanA lagnaprasaMge thatI pazuhiMsAthI dravita thatAM ane temanA hRdayamAM karuNAbhAva udbhavatAM temaNe saMsArane tyAgI dIkSA aMgIkAra karI. teo raivataka (saurASTranA giranAra) parvata para cAlatA thayA, tyAM tapazcaryA karI ane jJAnanI carama sImAe pahoMcyAkevaLajJAna prApta karyuM. AthI ja giranAra parvata jenadharmanuM eka mahAna pavitra tIrtha gaNAya che. neminAthanuM AyuSya 1 hajAra varSanuM hovAnuM manAya che ane jaina paraMparA mujaba neminAtha pUrve 21 tIrtha kare thayA hatA, paraMtu temanI etihAsikatAnI sthApanAnuM kArya atyaMta kaThina che.

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jainadara 9, pArzvanAtha : trevIsamA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti hatA e hakIkata Aje sarva svIkRta che. temane janma vArANasInA rAjA azvasena ane rANI vAmAna putra tarIke 872 (ke 817) I. sa. pUrve thaye hatA. ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke pArve bAgamAM ariSTanemineminAtha)nuM citra joyuM ane aMtarrAna jAgRta thatAM temaNe tatkALa sAdhu thavAne nizcaya karyo. temaNe 30 varSanI vaye dIkSA aMgIkAra. karI ane 83 dinanI lagAtAra tapazcaryA bAda 84mA dine teo kevaLajJAnI thayA. temanuM AyuSya 100 varSanuM hovAnuM manAya che. 70 varSa sudhI sArAya dezamAM vihAra karIne dharmopadeza ApI jaina dharmanA pracAra karyo. temanA prathama ziSyamAM temanI mAtA, patnI vagere najadIkanA sagAsaMbaMdhIone samAveza thato hato. 100 varSanI vaye bihAramAM Avela sametazikhara (pArzvanAtha parvata) para teo I.sa. pUrve 772mAM nirvANa pAmyA. Ama temane samaya mahAvIrathI lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrvene hatA. pArzvanAtha hiMsA, asatya, corI tathA parigraha e cAra bAbatanA tyAgane. sIdho sAdo upadeza ApatA hatA. pAzvanAthanAM caturyAma-cAra vrato nIce mujaba cheH 1. ahiMsA: sarva prakAranI jIvahiMsAthI dUra raho. (savAno vALArUMvAdhAmo viramai t). 2. satyaH sarva prakAranA mithyA bhASaNathI dUra rahe. (saravALo muvAyAmo viramar 1 ) 3. ataiya? na ApelI evI koIpaNa vastuthI arthAt sarva prakAranI cerIthI dUra raho. (savvAo adiNNAdANAo virmnn|) aparigrahaH sarva prakAranA bahAranA AdAnathI dUra rahe arthAta nirdhana rahe. (sAmo vahelAmo viramai ) mahAvIranA paMca mahAvratomAM brahmacarya vrata ahIM aparigrahamAM samAviSTa che. 10. bhagavAna mahAvIra H I. sa. pUrve 600nI AsapAsane samaya vizvanA ItihAsamAM dhArmika daSTie ghaNuM ja agatyanuM che. A samaya daramyAna vizvanAM judAM judAM rASTramAM

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pUtra bhUmikA navA vicArA ane navI preraNAo utpanna karavAnI mahattvapUrNa pravRttie daSTigAcara thAya che. A samaya daramyAna cInamAM lAo tse ane kAsTyulsTasa, IrAnamAM aSA jarathux ane grIsamAM prathama pa MktinA cha prAcIna tattvajJA-thelisa, enekajhImenDara, enekajhImInIsa, jhenophenisa, pAyathAgArasa ane hekeilaTasa prAdurbhAva pAmyA. bhagavAna khudda paNa mahAvIranA samakAlIna hatA, para Mtu baMnenI mulAkAta kaThI thaI nahotI. janmasthaLa ane kuTuMba : AvA mahattvapUrNa saikAmAM 24mA tI kara mahAvIranA janma I.sa. pUrve 599nI AsapAsa caitra suda 13ne divase videha (vartamAna bihAra)nA pATanagara vaizAlI (vartamAna besAra)nA upanagara kSatriya kuMDagrAma (vasuku Da)mAM eka kSatriya rAjAne tyAM thayo hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma siddhArtha ane mAtAnuM nAma trizalAdevI hatuM. trizalA vaizAlInA rAjA ceTakanA ena hatAM. mahAvIranAM mAtApitA pArzvanAthanA dharma nAM anuyAyI hatAM. temanA meATAbhAInuM nAma nadiva na hatuM ane temanuM lagna ceTakanI putrI jayeSThA sAthe thayuM hatuM. temanI bahenanuM nAma sudarzanA hatuM ane tenu lama magadhanA pratApI rAtna bibisAra sAthe thayuM hatuM. mahAvIranA getranuM nAma kazyapa hatuM. nAta nAmaka kuLamAM janmane lIdhe teo jJAtaputra (nAtaputta) paNa kahevAya che. trizalAdevInA garbhAdhAna kALathI kuTuMba ane rAjyanI kIrti ane riddhisiddhimAM vRddhi thaI hovAthI temanu nAma vardhamAna rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. te traNa nAmeAthI vikhyAta cheH 1. vardhamAna, 2. zramaNa ane 3. mahAvIra, vardhamAna nAma temanA mAtApitAe ApyuM. janasamudAye temane zramaNa kahyA kAraNa ke te satata samabhAvapUrNAMka, saheja sukhapUrvaka, aneka dinaparyaMta tapasyAmAM lIna rahyA, jyAre temaNe sarva prakAranA bhaya, sa Mdha, Apattie para vIratApUrvaka vijaya prApta karyA tyArathI teo mahAvIra' tarIke eLakhAyA. A nAma sauthI adhika pracalita che. zarUAtanuM jIvana : kAIpaNu rAjakumAranuM jIvana hoya tevu vaimavazALI temanu jIvana hatu N. mahAvIranI kALajI pAMca strIe rAkhatI hatI eka tene stanapAna karAvatI, bIjI tene svaccha rAkhatI, trIjI tene kapaDAM paherAvatI, cAthI tene ramADatI ane pAMcamI tene hAra laI jatI. A pramANe eka bAI pAsethI khIjI AI pAse temane lAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. bAlyakALathI vardhamAna parAkramapriya hatA. temaNe vyAyAma dvArA temanuM zarIra sudRDha banAvyuM hatuM. te ramanagamatanA paNa bhAre zokhIna hatA. rAjakumArane uttama zikSaNa ApavAnI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI hatI. temanA zarIra ane mananI zaktinA adbhuta vikAsa thavA lAgyA. teo svabhAve nirbhaya hatA. ATha varSanI vaye ekavAra gAma bahAra samavayaska mitrA sAthe bALakrIDA karavA gayA tyAre tyAM

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eka deva bhayaMkara sarpanuM rUpa bALA bhayathI nAsI gayA, jema tene dUra pheMkI dIdhuM. temanI vyAkaraNanuM jJAna prApta karyu hatu. . dhAraNa paraMtu lagna ane kuTuMbajIvana : bALapaNathI temanI vRtti vairAgyayukta hatI. temane temanA mAtA-pitA pratye anahada Adara ane kuTum prati khUba vahAla hatu. peAMtAnA mAtA-pitAnI lAgaNI kAIpaNa prakAre na dubhAya eTalA mATe temaNe mAtApitAnI hayAtimAM dIkSA aMgIkAra na karavAnA ane saMsAramAM rahIne nirlepa bhAve sAdhanAmaya jIvana gurjAravAnA nizcaya karyA hatA. mahAvIranA jIvananI viziSTatA e che ke temaNe kayAreya keAIne duHkha ApI kAI kArya karyuM nathI. temaNe parivAranI sa Mmati meLavIne ja gRhatyAga karyA hatA. . . jaivAna karI vRkSanA thaDa sAthe vIMTaLAI jatAM anya va mAne te sarpane hAthathI pakaDI doraDAnI buddhi vicakSaNu hatI. 9 varSanI vaye temaNe mAta!-pitAnA Agrahane vaza thaIne te rAjakuTuMbanI yazadA nAmanI suMdara, kuLavAna rAjakanyA sAthe lagnagraMthithI joDAyA ane temane priyadarzanA nAmanI eka putrI thaI ane tenAM lagna pAchaLathI jamAli (sudarzanAnA putra temanA bhANeja) sAthe karavAmAM AvyAM. mahAvIrane kevaLajJAna thayA bAda te baMne temanA ziSyA thayAM. dIkSA : mahAvIranA mAtApitA pArzvanAthanA dharmanuM pAlana karatA hovAthI temaNe jaina bhAvanA pramANe anazana vrata karI potAnA dehamA tyAga kayA . tyAra bAda naMdivardhana rAnna thayA. taka zodhI rahelA 28 varSanI vayanA mahAvIre dIkSA mATe anujJA mAgI, para Mtu na MdivardhananI anumati na maLatAM teo be varSa sasAramAM rahyA ane 30 me varSe mahAvIranA Agraha jAIne naMdivardhane dIkSA mATe saMmati ApI. mahAvIre su Mdara vastro ane AbhUSaNAnA tyAga karyo, potAnI sarva saMpattinu dAna karyu N ane azoka vRkSa pAse paMcamuSTi kezaleAcana karI mAtra eka vastra rAkhI pavitra jIvana gALavAnI pratijJA sAthe gRhatyAga-sa sAratyAga karI vidhi-pura:sara dIkSA grahaNu karI. dIkSA bAda turata ja temane cethu jJAna-manaH paryAyajJAna (anyanA vicAra| jANI levAnuM jJAna) prApta thayuM, tIya kara garbha kALathI ja avadhanAnI hoya che ane mahAvIra pazu adhijJAnI hatA. dIkSA grahaNa karyA bAda ekAgravRtithI teo vicaraNa karatA hatA tyAre eka vakhata eka vRddha brAhmaNe temanI pAse AvI bhikSAnI yAcanA karI. mahAvIra pAse pote paherelA vastra sivAya kaMI rahyuM na hatuM, tethI temaNe paherelA varSanA aDadhA bhAga te vRddha brAhmaNane ApI dIdhA. brAhmaNe joyuM ke varSanA kakaDA kiMmatI hatA ane vicAryuM ke jo bAkInA aDadho bhAga paNa maLI jAya te, te AkhA vastranI

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pUrvabhUmikA sarasa kiMmata upajI zake. AvA vicAra sAthe te vRddha brAhmaNa A tapasvInI zodhamAM temanI pAchaLa paribhramaNa karavA lAgyuM. mahAvIra bhagavAna ekavAra eka vADa parathI pasAra thatA hatA tyAre temanuM aDadhuM bAkI raheluM vastra kAMTAmAM bharAI gayuM. je pitAnAthI alipta thayuM te upayogI nahIM hoya tema mAnI teo tyArathI digaMbara dazAmAM vicaravA lAgyA, tethI pAchaLa paribhramaNa karato vRddha brAhmaNa te laI cAlato thayo kaThora tapazcaryA : dIkSA grahaNa bAda mahAvIre AMtarika zatru para vijaya meLavavA ane vAsanAo para kAbU meLavavA 12 varSa kaThora tapazcaryAmAM vyatIta karyo. A dIrghakAlIna tapazcaryA daramyAna temane kadIye anyanI sahAyanI apekSA rAkhela nahIM. pitAnA ja puruSArtha baLe jJAna prApta karI mekSa meLavavA temaNe daDha saMkalpa karelo. temanI mAnyatA mujaba upasargo (prANIo dvArA uddabhavela vidane ane leze) ane parivaha (naisargika Apattio) bhagavyA sivAya pApakarmokSaya ane cittazuddhi na thaI zake eTalA mATe ja teo kadIya temAMthI bacavAne prayAsa karatA nahIM. sAdhanAkALa daramyAna temanA mArgamAM upasthita thatAM vidane-muzkelIo teo sahana karatA. ekavAra temane cera ane guptacara mAnI pakaDIne turaMgamAM paNa pUravAmAM Avela. keTalIkavAra temanA para kUtarAo choDavAmAM AvatA te kaI vAra sarpa, vAdha vagere hiMsaka pazuo taraphathI temane duHkha veThavAM paDatAM; to koIvAra TADha, taDake, varasAda, vAvAjhoDuM vagere naisargika Apattio sahana karavI paratI. zrI kizoralAla mazarUvAlA lakhe che: "emanuM jIvana tapazcaryAnuM ujhamAM ugra svarUpa kevuM hoI zake, satyane zeAdhavA mATe mumukSunI vyAkuLatA keTalI tIvra hoya, satya, ahiMsA, kSamA, dayA, jJAna ane yogathI vyavasthita aparigraha, zAMti, dama ityAdi devI guNene utkarSa keTale sudhI sAdhI zakAya, tayA cittanI zuddhi kevA prakAre thavI joIe, enA utama dRSTAMtarUpa che." gRhatyAga bAdanAM 12 varSe mahAvIre ghora tapazcaryAmAM vitAvyAM ane A sAdhanAkALa daramyAna temanAmAM rahela apUrva sahanazakti, virala samabhAvavRtti, advitIya kSamAvRtti ane addabhUta zauryanAM darzana ApaNane thAya che. keTalAka prasaMge : (1)ekavAra vihAra karatAM karatAM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmI aritha gAme padhAryA. A gAmamAM sUvapANi nAmane yakSa lekane khUba " mazarUvALA, kizoralAla, buddha ane mahAvIra, pR. 77.

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jainadarzana trAsa Apato. yakSane pratibaMdha karavA mATe yakSanA maMdiramAM ja cAturmAsa karavAno temaNe nizcaya karyo. dhyAnastha mahAtapasvI mahAvIrane lebha pamADavA hAthI, sarpa vagerenAM bhayaMkara rUpo dhAraNa karIne teNe aneka prakAranA upadrava karyA. tema chatAM temaNe e badhA upasargone apUrva samatAthI sahana karyA ane pitAnA dhyAnamAM lIna rahyA. te samaye siddhArtha deve tyAM AvIne yakSane khUba dhamakAvyo ane kahyuM ke A to sUra ane surendronA paNa pUjya che. A saMbhaLatAM yakSa gabharAyo ane prabhunI kSamA yAcI. (2) eka bIjA prasaMge vicaratAM vicaratAM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra tAMbI nagarImAM AvI pahoMcyA. tyAM najadIkamAM caMDakauzika nAmane eka daSTiviSa sA5 raheto. hato ane teNe potAnI dRSTi mAtrathI anekanA prANa harI lIdhelI. bhagavAna mahAvIra tyAM pahoMcyA, tyAre temanA prANa haravA paNa te ja pramANe prayAsa karatAM te niSphaLa. nIvaDyo. Ama chatAM te sarve bhagavAnanA pagamAM daMza dIdho. daMzathI bhagavAnanA. pagamAMthI sapheda rUdhira vahevA lAgyuM. A joI caMDakauzika vicAramAM paDayo. bhagavAna mahAvIre tene A sthitimAM joI upadeza Apyo "bujha, bujha, caMDakauziyA". caMDakauzikane jAtismaraNa jJAna thayuM ane teNe anazana vrata levuM. A rIte prabhunA upadezathI. caMDakauzikano uddhAra thayo ema kahevAya che. (3) ziyALAnI kaDakaDatI ThaMDImAM ekavAra mahAvIra prabhu dhyAnastha UbhA, hatA tyAre vyaMtarI kaputanA (mahAvIranA pUrvabhavanI apamAnita strI)e AvIne temanA para pUrvabhavanuM vera vALavA puSkaLa pANI chAMTI kaSTa ApavA prayatna karyo, paraMtu teo saheja paNa calita thayA nahIM. Ama thatAM te prabhune kSamAvI cAlatI thaI. (4) ekavAra vanamAM lAgele dava (agni) je vRkSa heThaLa mahAvIra UbhA hatA tyAM AvatA temanA pAdasparzathI zamI gaye. (5) mahAvIra bhagavAna sAdhanAnA chellA bAramA varSa daramyAna eka samaye dhyAnamagna hatA tyAre eka geTavALiye potAnA baLade temanI najadIka mUkIne ADoavaLe cAlyo gaye ane baLade caratA caratA jaMgalamAM dUra nIkaLI gayA. govALiye pAcho pharyo tyAre baLada na joyA. teNe mahAvIrane te vize pUchayuM. dhyAnAvasthAmAM hoI temaNe tene tenA praznane koI uttara Apyo nahIM. AthI. krodhAvaizamAM AvI jaI temaNe prabhunA kAnamAM khIlA ThakyA ! A ghora upasarga chatAM dhyAnamagna mahAvIra lezamAtra vicalita na thayA ane zAMta citte e badhuM sahana karyuM.

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pUrvabhUmikA (6) pharatAM pharatAM zramaNa mahAvIra ekavAra meAAka gAme AvI pahoMcyA. ahI eka kulapatinA Azrama hatA. A kulapati mahAvIranA pitAnA mitra hatA. temanA Agrahavaza mahAvIre Azrama najIka jhUMpaDI bAMdhI cAturmAsa sAdhanA karavA nirNaya karyo. mahAvIranI jhUMpaDInI AsapAsa aneka tApasAnI ghAsanI maDhulIe hatI. gAyoe A jhU MpaDIenA AhAra karavA mAMDayo tyAre paNa mahAvIra potAnA dhyAnamAM magna rahyA. anya sAdhakAe teA gAyAne mArIne kADhI mUkela. AthI temane mahAvIra pratye irSyAbhAva jAgRta thayA ane pariNAme kulapati pAse jaI mahAvIre temanI jhu MpaDIene gAyAne khavaDAvI dIdhAnI phariyAda karI. kulapatie mahAvIrane A viSe kahyuM tyAre mahAvIra tyAMthI cAlI nIkaLyA ane potAnA jIvana mATe nIcenA siddhAMtA nakkI karyAM. . jIvana siddhAMtA : (1) jyAM kAIpaNane aprIti thAya tyAM rahevuM nahIM. (2) jyAM rahevAnuM thAya tyAM jhUMpaDI bAMdhavI nahIM, kAmaLI eDhavI nahIM, tApavu nahIM. TUMkamAM, zarIra rakSaNArthe kaMIpaNu karavu nahIM. (3) Avazyaka nahAya tyAM sudhI sevavu . vANInA upayoga karavA nahIM arthAt mauna (4) gRhasthane vinaya na karavA arthAt peAtAnI AvazyakatAe arthe kAIpaNa gRhasthane AjIjI na karavI. 11. kevaLarDana : 12 varSanI ugra tapazcaryA bAda te tAlIsa varSanI vaye jAmbhaka gAmathI bahAra Rju pAlikA nadIne kinAre zyAmAka gRhasthanA khetaramAM AvelA zAlavRkSa nIce bhagavAna mahAvIra dhyAnastha hatA tyAre temane kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM te siddha dazAne pAmyA, sarvajJa thayA. A jJAna tarka AdhArita nahAtu, paraMtu anubhavajanya hatuM ane varSonI tapazcaryA, ciMtana ane manana dvArA prApta thayuM hatuM. A kevaLajJAnane lIdhe teo bhUta, bhaviSya ane vartamAna e traNe kALanI hakIkatA jANI zakatA hatA, temanAthI koI cIja ajANI rahetI nahIM. kevaLA thayA pachI 30 varSa sudhI vihAra karIne temaNe ardhamAgadhImAM TheraThera dharmopadeza ApyA. tee nAnA gAmamAM eka rAtrI ane meTA gAmamAM pAMca rAtrIthI vadhAre samaya rokAtA nahIM. varSARtu daramyAna jIvahiMsA nivAraNanA hetuthI te eka ja sthaLe sthira vAsa karatA. temanA dharmopadezane pariNAme aneka strI-puruSA

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jainadarzana temanA ziSya thayA, mAMsAhAra baMdha thaye, jIvahiMsA ochI thaI ane ahiMsA - parama dharma manAya. yajJo mATe ekatrita thayelA brAhmaNe temanA ziSya banyA ane cAre dizAomAM temanA upadezane pracAra karavA lAgyA. nirvANaH aMte 72 varSanI vaye I. sa. pUrve para7mAM Aso vada amAvAsyAnA dine bihAranA pAvApurI nAmanA gAme uttarAdhyayana sUtranuM pravacana karI -rahyA bAda teo nirvANa pAmyA. nirvANa-prasaMganI bhinna bhinna kathAo pracalita che. keTalAka mAne che ke rAjA hastipAlanA darabAramAM zAMta bhAve ekAMtamAM teo nirvANa pAmyA, jyAre bIjAo ema mAne che ke mahAsamAraMbhamAM temaNe potAne deha tyAge. hastipAle eka meTA utsava che ane temAM AvavA paDezana rAjAone AmaMtraNa pAThavyAM. eka vizALa sarovaranI pAsenA jaMgalamAM eka bhavya samavasaraNa baMdhAvI temAM ratnajaDita Asana padharAvyuM. A Asana para besIne mahAvIra bhagavAne 6 divasaparyata niraMtara saMdhane upadeza ApyuM. 7mA divasanI rATo cothA prahare samasta rotAvarga nidrAmAM paDayo. tIrthaMkare jANyuM ke have temane javAno samaya thayo che. pote Asana vALyuM ane pachI nirvANa pAmyA. zrotAvarga jAge tyAre jANyuM ke tIrthaMkara te haMmeza mATe jatA rahyA che. evI mAnyatA paNa pravarte che ke tIrthakara nirvANa pAmyA tyAre AkAzamAM dhUmaketu dekhAya, svargamAMthI pRthvI para devo UtarI AvatAM rAtrI prakAzathI jhaLahaLI UThI. paDozanA rAjAoe prabhune nirvANanA mAnamAM dIpotsavI manAvI. 11. jaina saMgha bhagavAna mahAvIra eka bahada saMdhanA adhiSThAtA hatA. te saMdhamAM 14,000 sAdhuo, 36,000 sAdhvIo, 1,59,000 zrAvake ane 3,18,000 zrAvikAo hatAM. mahAvIranA anuyAyIonA nIce mujaba prakAre hatA ? 1. mahAvratI sAdhu arthata zramaNa jevA ke gautama IndrabhUti vagere 2. mahAvratI sAdhvIo arthAta zramaNa jevAM ke caMdanA vagere 3. aNuvatI zrAvaka jevA ke zaMkha, zataka vagere ane 4. aNuvratI zrAvikA jevAM ke sulasI, revatI vagere 5. sAmAnya gRhastha puruSa jevAM ke zreNika (biMbisAra), kuNika (ajAtazatru), pradyota, udayana vagere -.6 sAmAnya gRhastha strI jevI kecelanA vagere.

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pUmikA 13: tIrthaMkaranA tIrtha ke soMdhamAM sAdhu-sAdhvI temaja zrAvaka-zrAvikA ema. caturvidha prakAranI vyaktinA ja samAveza thAya che. prathama be vibhAgeA sa MsAra. tyAgIonA che, jyAre chellA be viAge saMsArIonA che ane tee sa MsAranAM karmo karatAM yathAzakti tapa, vairAgyAdi jaina sadhanI bhAvanAe jIvanamAM utAravA mathe che ane munienA upadezanuM zravaNa kare che. sAdhu-sAdhvI zveta vastro pahere che ane upAzrayamAM rahe che, sAdhu-sAdhvInA jIvanirvAha zrAvaka-zrAvikAnI dAnavRtti. para AdhArita che. sAmAnya rIte gAmamAM vadhAremAM vadhAre eka saptAha ane nagaramAM vadhAremAM vadhAre eka mAsa tee rahe che. sa dhamAM pratyeka vibhAge jaina dharma mAM temanA mATe nirdezela niyamenu pAlana karavAnuM hoya che. Aje zvetAbara ane digambaranA sAdhusa dhA judA paDayA che. digambara sAdhue vastra-paridhAna karatA nathI. vartamAnakALamAM A AcAra ati kaMDena hoI AvA sAdhue virala che. tee vanamAM rahe che ane peAtAnA ja dhama dhyAnamAM lIna rahe che. A pramANe nasa sAdhvIo che ja nahIM. sAdhvIe rAtI sADI pahere che, zaleAcana kare che ane mArapIchAMne rajoharaNa rAkhe che. 12. gaNadharA : mahAvIra bhagavAnanA upadezanA bahoLA pracAra karanAra temanA prathama 11 ziSya gaNadhara' nAmathI eALakhAya che. A 11 gaNudharA sAdhusaMdhanA netA hatA. pratyeka gaNadharanA hAtha nIce seMkaDA munie hatA. 11 gaNadharAnAM nAmeA A pramANe che: 1. indrAMta, 2. agnibhUti, 3. vAyubhUti, 4. akapita, 5. vyakta, 6. sudharmA, 7. matiputra, 8. maurya putra, 9. acalabhrAtA, 10. metA, 11, prabhAsa, A gaNudharAmAMthI mAtra gautama IndrabhUti ane sudharmAMsvAmI ja mahAvIra-svAmInA nirvANakALapa ta vita hatA. gautama indubhAta A gaNudharAmAM mukhya hatA. teo vidvAna brAhmaNa hatA ane pachIthI te jaina dharma mAM AvyA hatA. tI kare ApelA upadezane temaNe aneka dharmAMtra thAmAM graMthastha karela che. temane mahAvIra pratye atizaya sneha ane mAna hatAM ane tethI saMpUrNa rAga-dveSathI mukta na thaI zakela hovAthI mahAvIranA nirvANu bAda ja temane kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM. gautama 12 varSa paryaMta kevaLI rahyA ane 92 varSanI vaye rAjagRhamAM nirvANa pAmyA. sudharmAsvAmI mahAvIranA khIjA mATA ziSya hatA. teo paNa brAhmaNu hatA. mahAvIranA nirvANu bAda sa nirNanA bhAra temaNe vahana karyAM ane 12 varSa bAda temane kevaLajJAna thayuM ane tyArabAda 8 varSe 100 varSanI vaye nirvANa pAmyA.

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jenazana jaMbusvAmI sudharmAsvAmInA ziSya hatA ane teo aMtima sarva kevaLI hatA. temaNe mahAvIra-nirvANanAM 64 varSa bAda mokSa prApta karyo. - sudharmA bAda chaThThI peDhImAM bhadubahu I.sa.pUrvenI trIjI sadImAM thaI gayA, ane temanuM nirvANa mahAvIra-nirvANunAM 170 varSa pachI thayuM. teo aMtima mRta-kevaLI hatA. bhadrabAhu 14 pUrve (mahAvIre prakaTa karela jJAna)nA chelA jANakAra hatA. temaNe niryuktio ane uvasaggahara strotranI racanA karI che. vetAMbara mAnyatA pramANe, teo nepAla gayA hatA ane ghaNuM divaso sudhI tyAM tapasyAmAM lIna rahyA hatA. te samaye daSTivAdanuM jJAna prApta karavA mATe sthUlabhadra tathA anya sAdhuo temanI pAse gayA hatA. sthUlabhadrane 4 pUrve sivAya anya sarve siddhAMta-prethenuM jJAna hatuM. temaNe bhavabAhu pAsethI prathama 10 pUrvo artha sahita ane aMtima 4 pUrve arthavinA grahaNa karyo. mahAvIre prakaTa kareluM jJAna 14 pUne nAme oLakhAya che ane A 14 pUrvenA chellA jANakAra bhadrabAhu svAmI I.sa. pUrve 300nI AsapAsa thaI gayA. mahAvIrane saghaLA upadeza AcAryo ane sAdhuo kaMThastha rAkhatA ane ziSya paraMparAthI zIkhI laI yAda rAkhatA. 13. jaina sAhitya : jaina dharmanA siddhAMta A avasarpiNamAM prathama tIrthakara RSabhadevanA samayathI pravartamAna che. vacagALAnA samaya daramyAna lupta thayelA siddhAMta pratyeka tIrthaMkaranA samayamAM punaH sAkAra thAya che. jaina mAnyatA anusAra, pratyeka tIrtha karanA samayanAM zAstro vAstavamAM samAna ja hoya che. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke temane koI puregAmI tIrthakaree jAte koIpaNa zAstranI racanA karI nathI. pratyeka tIrthaMkara potAnA ziSya samudAya samakSa maukhika upadeza Ape che. ziSyo te upadezane kaMThastha rAkhe che. A rIte janadharmanA prAcInatama siddhAMta prAraMbhakALamAM mRta paraMparA dvArA ziSyanI abhuta smRtimAM jaLavAI rahela. 45 Agama thaze : vetAMbara jaina mAnyatA mujaba upalabdha zAstro 45 che, temane "Agama" ke siddhAMta' kahevAmAM Ave che, keTalAka Agama gadyamAM che, te keTalAka Agama padyamAM che. A Agame mahAvIranA jIvananA sArarUpa che. A Agane ardhamAgadhI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che. ardhamAgadhI prAkRtanuM ja eka svarUpa che ane te magadhanA eka bhAgamAM balAtI belI hatI. praNetAnI daSTithI Agama sAhityanA be bhAge che: 1. aMga, ane 2. aMgabAhya. aMgabAhyanA 5 vibhAge che: 1. upAMga, 2. mULasUtra, 3, chedasUtra, 4. cUlikAsUtra, 5. prakIrNa, Ama, jaina sAhityanA cha vibhAge prApta thAya che.

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pRbhUmikA 1. 11 (12) agA 1. AcArAMgasUtra temAM sAdhuenA AcArAnu varNana che. A aga jaina AcAranI AdhArazilA che. 2. sUtrakRtAMgasUtraH A sUtramAM mukhyatve tatkAlIna tAttvika matAnI carcA che. 3. sthAnAMgasUtra : temAM jaina dharmAMnAM mukhya tattvAnI gaNunA ane tenI vyAkhyA ApelI che. 4. samavAyAMgasUtraH AmAM uparokta sUtramAM adhUrI rahelI hakIkatAnuM varNana che. 5. bhagavatIsUtra : (vyAkhyA prajJapti) : temAM tAttvika, AcArasaMbaMdhI, jJAna- saMbaMdhI, tArkika, leAkasa MbadhI, gaNitasaMbadhI, rAjanaitika, aitihAsika, sAmAjika, Arthika, zaikSaNika-vagere aneka viSayo aMgenI sAmagrI upalabdha che. 6. jJAtASama kathAsUtra H bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvanakALa sudhImAM thayelI jena mahAvibhUtie, Adarza satIe tema ja prabhAvazALI vIrapuruSanuM varNana AmAM che. 15 7. upAsakadazAsUtra : AmAM mahAvIranA 10 mukhya upAsA arthAt zrAvaka(AnaMda, kAmadeva vagere)nI kathAo-caritro che. 8. atakRtadazAsUtra : atakRta eTale sAMsAranA aMta lAvanAra. jeNe potAnA sa MsAra arthAt bhavaca(janma-mRtyu)no aMta ANyo hoya tevA AtmA aMtakRta' kahevAya che. A sUtramAM AvA AtmAonuM varNana che. 9. anuttarIpapAdidazA sUtraH je vyakti potAnA tapa ane sayama dvArA kAI zreSTha (anuttara) vimAnamAM devasvarUpe utpanna thAya che tene anuttaropapAtika' kahevAmAM Ave che. A graMthamAM AvI keTalIka vyaktinuM varNana che. 10. praznavyAkaraNusUtra * AmAM pAMca AsravA ane pAMca saMvareAnuM varNana che. 11. vipAkasUtra H A sUtramAM azubha karmI ke pApanA phaLa (vipAka)nuM ane zubha karma puNyanA phaLa (vipAka)nuM 10-10 kathAonA mAdhyama dvArA nirupaNu karavAmAM AvyuM che. 12. daSTivAda : A sUtra upalabdha nathI.

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jenadarzana 2, aMgabAhA : (a) 12 upage H 1. aupAtika: AmAM prAraMbhamAM caMpAnagarInuM varNana che. tyAra bAda temAM pUrNabhadra udyAna, kuNika rAjA, dhAriNuM rANu, mahAvIrasvAmI vagerenuM sAhityika bhASAmAM surucipUrNa varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. prasaMgavazAt daMDa, mRtyu, vidhavA, sAdhu, tapasvI, zramaNa, parivrAjaka vagerene paNa yogya paricaya ApavAmAM AvyuM che. 2. rAjakIya ? bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI paraMparAnA zramaNa kezI ane zrAvastI nagarInA rAjA pradezI vacce thayela jIvaviSayaka saMvAdanuM varNana ahIM che. rAjA pradezI jIve ane zarIrane abhinna mAne che. zramaNa kezI tenA matanuM nirAkaraNa karIne yuktipUrvaka jIvanuM svataMtra astitva siddha kare che. vaLI A pradeza rAjA mRtyu pAmIne sUryAbhadeva thaye ane mahAvIranAM vaMdanAthe AvyuM tenuM varNana paNa ahIM che. 3. vAbhigama (jIvAjIvAbhigama) : temAM mahAvIra-gautama vaccenI praznottarI svarUpe jIva-ajIvana bheda-prabhedanuM vistRta varNana che. 4. prajJApanA (panavaNa) : AmAM jIvanA svarUpa, guNa vagere aneka viSayanuM varNana che. 5. sUryaprajJaptiH AmAM sUrya, caMdra ane nakSatronI gati vagerenuM vistArapUrvaka varNana che. 6. je khudvIpa prajJaptiH AmAM jaMbudIpanuM, temAM aMtargata bhArata varSanuM ane tenA rAjA (cakravartI) bharatanI vijayayAtrAnuM varNana che. 7. caMdraprajJapti ane viSaya sUrya prajJAtinA viSayanI samAna che. 8. nirayAvalikAH temAM magadhanA rAjA zreNikanA 10 kumArA (kALa, sukALa, mahAkALa vagere) potAnA oramAna bhAI rAjA kuNika sAthe maLIne pitAnA nAnA vaizAlInA rAjA ceTaka sAthe yuddhamAM utaryA hatA ane mRtyu pAmIne narakamAM gayA hatA tenI kathA che. 9. kapAvatasikAH AmAM magadhanA rAjA koNikanA pautra (padma, mahApadma, bhadra, subhadra vagere) sAthe saMbaMdhita varNane che.

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pUrvabhUmikA 17 10. pupikAH AmAM caMdra, sUrya, zukra vagere de sAthe saMbaMdhita varNana che. A devoe svargathI AvI bhagavAna mahAvIranI pUjA karI. temanA pUrvabhavanI kathA paNa AmAM che. 11. puSacUlikAH temAM hU, vRti vagere devIonAM varNana che. 12. reNukazA: A vRSNivaMzanA nirava rAjakumAra sAthe saMbaMdhita kathA che. A rAjakumAra vAsudeva, kRSNa ane bhagavAna ariSTaneminA samayamAM thaI gayA. AmAM tIrthakara ariSTanemie (neminAthe) yaduvaMzanA rAjAone upadeza ApI jaina banAvyA tenI kathA che. (ba) 4 mULasUtro : 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtraH temAM sAdhuone saMyama-mArgamAM rahevAnA upadeze temaja - siddhAMto para kathAo, daSTAMto, upamAo temaja saMvAdo vagere che. 2. Avazyaka sUtra : AmAM zravaNanA dinacaryAnI Avazyaka vidhio temaja bhinna bhinna viSaye saMbaMdhI hakIkata ApelI che. temAM cha vibhAgo che: (1) sAmAyika-jemAM AjIvana sarve prakAranAM pApakArI kRtyone tyAga karavAmAM Ave che, (2) caturvizatistava-jemAM 24 tIrthakaronI stuti karavAmAM Ave che, (3) vaMdana-jemAM gurunuM namaskArapUrvaka stavana karavAmAM Ave che, (4) pratikramaNa-jemAM vratamAM lAgelA aticAro(pApadoSo)nI AlocanA karavAmAM Ave che ane bhaviSyamAM A deSanI punarAvRtti na karavAnI pratijJA karavAmAM Ave che, (5) kAyotsarga-jemAM zarIra parathI mamatva haTAvIne tene dhyAna mATe sthira karavAmAM Ave che, ane (6) pratyAkhyAna-jemAM eka nizcita samaya mATe ja prakAranA AhAra-azana, pAna, khAdya ane svAghane tyAga karavAmAM Ave che. 3. dazaukAlika sUtraH A jaina zramaNanA AcAranA niyamo sAthe saMbaMdhita che. tenA kata AcArya zayyabhava che ane A sUtra vikAsa arthAta saMdhyA samaye vAMcavAmAM Ave che. 4. piMDAniyukta : AmAM piMDa athAt bhajananA saMbaMdhamAM paryApta vivecana che. A purogAmI sUtranI paripUrtirUpa che.

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jenadarzana (ka) 6 chedasUtro : chedano artha che nyUnatA ke kamI. keI sAdhunA AcAramAM amuka prakArano doSa lAgatAM tenA pramANaparyAya (sAdhu jIvananA samayanI gaNanA)mAM variSThatAnI daSTithI keIka ghaTADo-kamI karavAmAM Ave che. A prakAranA prAyazcitane chedaprAyazcita kahevAya che. saMbhavataH A prAyazcittanA vidhAna karavAne lIdhe amuka sane chedasUtro kahevAmAM Ave che. hAlamAM upalabdha chedasUtra cheda-prAyazcitanA ja nahIM paraMtu anya prAyazcita ane viSayonuM paNa pratipAdana kare che. nIcenA cha graMtho cheda sUtra kahevAya che: (1) dazAzrutaskaMdha, (2) bRhatka95, (3) vyavahAra, (4) nizItha, (5) mahAnizItha, ane (6) chatakalpa. chedasUtramAM zramaNacAra saMbaMdhita pratyeka viSayanuM varNana che. A varNana utsarga, apavAda, deza ane prAyazcita sAthe saMbaMdhita che. AvuM varNana aMga vagere sUtromAM maLatuM nathI. A daSTie chedasUtro jena AcAra-sAhityamAM mahattvapUrNa sthAna dharAve che. prathama traNa chedasUtra AcArya bhadrabAhunI kRtio che. (s) 2 cUlikAsUtra : cUlikAo viSayonA spaSTIkaraNa mATe che, Agamo mATe pariziSTanuM kAma kare che ane temanA adhyayana mATe bhUmikAnuM kAma paNa kare che. tenI saMkhyA be che. 1. naMdisUtraH mati-buta-avadhi-mana:paryAya ane kevaLajJAna e pAMca prakAranA jJAnanuM AmAM vivecana che. 2. anu yogadvAra temAM prAyaH AgamonA sarva mULabhUta siddhAMtonI samaja temaja viziSTa pAribhASika zabdonuM spaSTIkaraNa che. tenuM jJAna AgamonA abhyAsa mATe anivArya banI rahe che. (I) 10 prakIrNa sUtro : prakIrNa eTale vividha. bhagavAna mahAvIranA tIrthamAM prakIrNonI saMkhyA 14,000 mAnavAmAM Ave che. Aje tenI saMkhyA mukhyatve 10 che ane temanA nAmomAM ekarUpatA nathI. A 10 prakIrNamAM 2305 mULa gAthAo che. 1. catura zaraNaH AmAM arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu ane kevaLIkathita dharma e cArane "zaraNa" mAnavAmAM Avela che.

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pUrvabhUmikA 2. ArapratyAkhyAna H A jJAnIonA aMta samayamAM abhigraha paccakhANa karavAnA adhikAra sAthe saMbaMdhita che ane A mRtyu sAthe saMbaMdhita hovAthI aMtakALa prakIrNa paNa kahevAya che. Ane bRhadAtura pratyAkhyAna paNa kahe che. 3. mahApratyAkhyAna H AmAM pratyAkhyAna arthAta tyAganuM vistRta vyAkhyAna che, ArAdhanAno adhikAra eTale prAyazcitanA svarUpanuM varNana che. 4. bhaktaparijJA : AmAM jJAnIonA aMta samayamAM AhAra-pANa tyAga karavA saMbaMdhI abhigraha che. 1. tadulacArika H A sUtramAM garbhanuM savistara varNana che. graMthanA aMta bhAgamAM nArI jAtinA saMbaMdhamAM ekapakSIya vicAra vyakata karavAmAM AvyA che. 100 varSanI vayanI vyakti deTalA taMdula (cokhA) khAya che tene ahIM saMkhyApUrvaka vizeSa vicAra karavAmAM AvyuM che tenA parathI A sUtranuM nAma paDayuM che. 6. saMtAraka : AmAM aMtasamaye anazana(bhojanane sarvathA tyAga)pUrvaka saMthAre karI mRtyu pAmavA saMbaMdhI temaja anazanapUrvaka AtmakalyANa sAdhanArAonuM varNana che. 7. gacchAcAra : AmAM ga7 arthAta samUhamAM rahenAra sAdhu - sAdhvIonA AcAranuM varNana che. A prakIrNa mahAnizItha, 395 ane vyavahArane AdhAre banAvavAmAM Avela che. 8. gaNividyA H A gaNitavidyA arthAta jyotiSavidyA saMbaMdhI graMtha che. AmAM nava viSayenuM vivecana cheH 1. divasa, 2. tithi, 3. nakSatra, 4. karaNa, 5. grahadivasa, 6. muhUrta, 7. zukana, 8. lagna, ane 9. nimitta. deve ratava : AmAM 32 devonuM vistArapUrvaka varNana che. 10. maraNa samAdhi : AmAM aMtasamaye zAMtipUrvaka maraNa thavuM joIe e aMgenuM varNana che. uparokta 45 Agama graMthe eka ja samaye racAyelA nathI. gaNadharee -khAsa karIne sudhama svAmIe mahAvIranA zravaNa karelA upadezane AdhAre zabdabaddha karelA "aMga" jena dhArmika-sAhityamAM prAcInatama gaNAya che, paraMtu te saMpUrNa nathI, kAraNa ke 12muM aMga dAvAda nAmanuM lupta thaI gayuM che. ema kahevAya che ke mahAvIra bhagavAnane gaNudharAe temanA upadezane sarva prathama 14 pUrvemAM

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ra0 jainadazana zabdabaddha karyo ane tene vistArIne pAchaLathI aMgenI racanA karI. A pUrve prAcInakALamAM ja lupta thaI gayA che ane A 14 pUne samAvanAruM 12muM aMga paNa Aje upalabdha nathI. anya jana sAhitya : Agama graMthanA saMgraha uparAMta jaina AcAryoe ane sAhityakAroe racelA bIjA viSayanA aneka graMthe atyAre jaina bhaMDAramAMthI maLI Ave che. A graMthamAM vyAkaraNa, nyAya, kAvya, keza, alaMkAra, chaMda, nATaka, zi95, jyotiSa, vedaka, maMtra-taMtra vagere judI judI bhASAomAM racAyelA aneka graMthane samAveza thAya che. eka kALe gujarAtanI rAjadhAnI pATaNamAM 21 jJAnabhaMDAra hatA. vastupAle paNa 3 meTA jJAnabhaMDAro tyAM ja sthApyAM hatAM. kumArapALa pachInA rAjA ajayapAla ane pAchaLathI AvelA muslimoe ghaNuM bhaMDArAnA amUlya graMthane nAza karyo hato ane AthI agamacetIrUpe jenoe A bhaMDArAnA keTalAka mukhya mukhya sArA graMthe jesalamera, amadAvAda ke khaMbhAta mokalI dIdhA hatA je atyAre paNa tyAM mojuda che. A bhaMDAramAM keTalAka samartha AcAryoe jAte lakhelI pratonI nakale che. keTalAka tADapatranA tema ja kAgaLa paranA hastalikhita graMthe cerAIne temaja vecAIne yuropa, amerikA temaja bhAratanAM anya pustakAlayomAM tathA saMgrahAlayamAM pahoMcI gayA che. keTalAka amUlya graMthane nAza thaI gayA chatAM pATaNanA judA judA bhaMDArenA tADapatra temaja kAgaLa upara hAthe lakhAyelA 25,000 graMtha che. AmAM tADapatra para lakhelA graMthonI saMkhyA Azare 750nI che. A bhaMDAromAMnI prAcInatama prata vi. sa. 1157nI sAlanI che. A graMthamAM ghaNI jUnI citrakaLAne paNa saMgraha che. A graMtho aneka viSayanA ane judI judI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che. A amUlya zAstranI jALavaNI arthe pATaNamAM "hemacaMdrAcArya jJAnamaMdiranI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI che. 14. jaina sAhityakAro : 1. bhakabahusvAmI : bhadrabAhu svAmI sarva zAstranA pAragAmI, caturdaza pUrvanA vettA hatA. "pratyAkhAnapravAda' nAmanA navamAM pUrvamAMthI temaNe racela "kalpasUtra" nAmaka graMtha suvikhyAta che. dara varSe paryuSaNa parva daramyAna sAdhuo saMgha samakSa A kalpasUtranuM vAcana.

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pUrvabhUmikA 2. umAsvAti : vetAMbara ane digaMbara ema baMnene mAnya evA AcArya umAsvAtie "tatvArthasUtra" nAmaka prakhyAta graMtha tenA paranA bhASya sAthe saMskRtamAM race che. temAM jaina darzana ane jana AcAranuM saMkSipta nirupaNa che. taduparAMta te bhUgoLa, khagaLa AtmavidyA, padArthavijJAna, karmazAstra vagere viSayane saMkSipta kAza che. 3. siddhasena divAkara ane anya cAra prasiddha AcAryo: pAMcamI-chaThThI sadImAM pAMca prasiddha AcAryomAMnA eka siddhasena divAkara che. anyanAM nAme A pramANe cheH samatabhadra, malavAdI, siMhagaNi ane pAtrakezarI. A jainAcAryoe mahAvIranA samayanA anekAMtavAdane sunizcita rUpa ApyuM. siddhasene prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhelA sanmati tarkamAM navAdanuM suMdara vivecana che. samatabhadra "svayaMbhU stotramAM 24 tIrthakaronI stuti karatAM karatAM dArzanika tattvanuM suMdara ane adbhUta nirupaNa karyuM che. temanI AptamImAMsA tAttvika dRSTie zreSTha kRti che. malavAdIne suprasiddha ane zreSTha graMtha "naya cakra che. siMhagaNie naya cakra para 18000 zleka pramANunI eka TIkA lakhela che. pAtrakezarIe trilakSaNakadarthana nAmaka pramANuzAstra para eka graMtha lakhela che. 4. devagiNi kSamAzramaNa : zrI devardhigaNu kSamAzramaNe varSovarSa paDatA lAMbA dukALane lIdhe sAdhuonI smRtimAMthI lupta thatA jJAnanI bhAvi prajA mATenI jALavaNI arthe vi. saM. 510mAM zrI saMdhanA AgrahathI te samayanA sAdhuone vallabhIpura-vaLA-mAM ekatrita karI temane kaMThastha evuM saghaLuM sAhitya ekaThuM karyuM ane temane graMthastha karyuM. 5. kuMdakuMdAcArya : digaMbara saMpradAyanA kuMdakuMdAcAryanA "samayasAra, "paMcAstikAyasAra', pravacanasAra' nAmanA graMtha suprasiddha che. teo pAMcamI-chaThThI sadImAM thayo hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. 6. haribhadrasUri : haribhadrasUrie saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM aneka graMthanI racanA karI che. beDazaka, aSTaka, gabindu vagere temanA mahattvapUrNa graMtha che.

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jainadarzana 7. kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya (I.sa. 1088-1172) : hemacaMdrAcAryane janma I.sa. 1088 (vi.saM. 1145) kArtikI pUrNimAnA divase meDha vaNika cAcikane tyAM thaye hato. temanI mAtAnuM nAma pAhiNI hatuM.. temanuM mULa nAma caMgadeva hatuM. sAdhu devacaMdrasUrinuM dhyAna A buddhizALI bALaka pratye AkarSAyuM. jenAcArya devacaMdrasUrie khaMbhAtamAM te bALakane I.sa. 1297mAM dIkSA ApI ane temanuM nAma somacaMdra rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. TUMka samayamAM temaNe jaina vidyAnI sarva zAkhAone abhyAsa pUro karyo. 21me varSe AcArya pade AvatAM temanuM nAma hemacaMdra rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. hemacaMdra gujarAtanA be moTA sajA jayasiMha siddharAja ane kumArapALanA samakAlIna hatA. siddharAjanI vinaMtIne mAna ApIne temaNe suprasiddha "siddha-hema vyAkaraNanI racanA karI. A uparAMta temaNe "gazAstra', triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra', "kumArapALa caritra" vagere graMtha lakhyA che. teo saMskRta, prAkRta temaja apabhraMzanA prakhara vidvAna hatA. jaina sAhitya ane tatvajJAnanA vikAsamAM upara nirdiSTa sAdhujane ane sAhityakAra uparAMta anekAneka bhAratIya ane pAzcAtya vidvAnoe pitAnI kRtio dvArA phALe ApyuM che jemAM hIravijyajI, samayasuMdaragaNi, AnaMdadhanajI, yazevijayajI, vinayavijayajI, AtmArAmajI, prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI, harmana jekAbI, zArpenTIyara, Ila, vorana, sTivansana, glesanepa vagerene ullekha karI zakAya. 15. vetAMbara ane digabara paraMparAo (saMpradAya ke paMthe): jaina paraMparA be mukhya vibhAgamAM vibhAjita che: 1 zvetAMbara, ane 2. digaMbara. mahAvIranA saMdhamAM sacelaka ane acelaka baMne prakAranA sAdhuo hatA. "sacelaka" ane "vetAMbara" samAna artha che temaja "alaka" ane "digaMbara" zabda samAna bhAva vyakta kare che. teo temanI vacce ekya jALavI zakyA. tAMbara (ta aMbara zveta vastra) eTale zveta vastra dhAraNa karanAra sAdhuo ane digaMbara (dipa+aMbara=dipha-dizA ja jenuM vastra che te) eTale vastrahIna sAdhuo. prathama prakAranA sAdhuomAM mAnanAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAo vetAMbara kahevAya che, jyAre bIjAne mAnanAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAo digaMbara kahevAya che. jaMbusvAmInA samayaparyata baMne paraMparAo vacce ekatAnI bhAvanA jaLavAI rahI. tyArabAda baMnenA pitapotAnA agraNIonA mArgadarzana heThaLa baMnenuM alaga alaga phAMTAomAM

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pUla bhUmikA vibhAjana thayuM. baMne saMpradAye vacce sAmAnya tattvajJAnanA saMbadhamAnA matabhedo mULabhUta svarUpanA nathI ane ba Mne tenA hArdane vyakta kare che. baMne zAkhAe umAsvAti racita . tattvArthAdhigamasUtrane atyaMta pramANabhUta graMtha mAne che. zvetAMbara saMpradAya pramANamAM udAramatavAdI che, jyAre digabara sa MpradAya Dhacusta che. zvetakharanA zveta vastro tenI zuddha-pavitratAno artha sUcave che. zvetAMbaranuM udAramatavAdI dRSTibiMdu svayaM spaSTa che. teo jaina paraMparAnA hArdane cheDavA sivAya samAjamAM pracalita nItirIti ane vartanavyavahAranA dhoraNa mATe gaMbhIra nisbata vyakta kare che. zvetAMbara-diza khara zAkhAenA udbhava paratve bhinnabhinna maMtavya pravarte che. A vibhAjana I. sa. 83 (bInna mate I.sa. 142)mAM thayu hovAnu manAya che. (a) zvetAMbara mAnyatA mujaba digaMbara paMthanA uddabhava : zvetAMbara tra thAmAM digaMbara paMthanI utpattinA saMbadhamAM eka rasaprada daMtakathA jovA maLe che. I.sa. pachInA saikAmAM rathavIrapuramAM zivabhUti nAme eka kSatriya hatA. teNe rAjA mATe aneka yuddomAM vijaya prApta karatAM te rAjAe tenu khUba sanmAna karyuM. A sanmAnathI unmata banI ahIMtahIM khUba bhaTakI te rAtre khUba meADethI ghera pAcho pharyo tyAre tenI patnIe dharanAM dvAra na khAlyAM ane jyAM dvArA khullAM hoya tyAM tene javA jaNAvyuM. A kRSNa nAmanA jainasUrinA upAzrayanAM dvAra khullAM jotAM teNe temAM praveza karyo ane tenI jANa thatAM te sAdhu thaI gayo. rAjAe zivatine eka kImatI zAla (kAmaLI) ApI hatI je tene khUba gamI hatI. sAdhu mATe AvI Akti ayogya mAnI te parata karavAnI guruAjJAnuM pAlana na thatAM gurue tene sudhAravAnA zubhAzayathI tenI gerahAjarImAM tenI kAmaLI kuMDAvI nAkhI. zivabhUti upAzrayamAM Avyo tyAre tene peAtAnI Asakti mATe gussA AvatAM teNe te ja kSaNe peAtAnAM zarIra paranA sarva vastronA tyAga karyo ane jAhera karyuM ke mahAvIranI jema ja te kAIpaNa jAtanAM vastro paheraze nahIM. zivabhUtine A pramANe karatA joI tenI bahena uttarAe paNa tenu anukaraNa karavA dhAyuM, para Mtu zivabhUtie tene tema karatAM aTakAvI. A rIte mahAvIranA nirvANu Ada 69 varSe digaMbara paMthanI zarUAta thaI ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. A mate strIe nirvANa prApta karI zakatI nathI. 23

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24 jenadarzana (ba) digaMbara mAnyatA pramANe zvetAMbara paMthane udbhava: digaMbara mAnyatA pramANe magadha(bihAra)mAM caMdraguptanA samayamAM (lagabhaga I. sa. pUrve 310) kAramo duSkALa paDyo tyAre gaNadhara bhadrabAhu pitAnAM 12000 ziSya sAthe dakSiNamAM karNATaka (hesura) tarapha cAlI nIkaLyA, jyAre bIjA keTalAka sAdhue bhadrabAhunA ziSya gaNadhara sthUlabhadra sAthe bihAramAM rahyA. duSkALanI kaThinatAnI parisImAne lIdhe dharmAcAranuM yogya pAlana ane dharmazAstronI gya jALavaNI azakya banI. digaMbara rahevuM ISTa manAyela hovA chatAM vyavahAramAM e AcaraNa azakya nahIM te paNa ati kaThina lAgatAM magadhamAM rahelA sAdhuoe nagnatAne ekIsAthe tyAga karyo ane zveta vastro dhAraNa karyA. A rIte temaNe mahAvIranI AjJA viruddhanuM AcaraNa karyuM. temane samajAvavAne sthUlabharanA prayAso saphaLa na thayA. dakSiNamAM gayela sAdhuoe AcAranuM yogya pAlana karela ane bihAra pAchA pharatAM temaNe tyAMnA sAdhuone A zithilAcAra joyo ane temaNe temane dharmacuta mAnyA. magadhamAM rahela sAdhuoe nagna sAdhuone atyAgrahI mAnyA ane teo dharmAtAnuM atikramaNa kare che ema mAnyuM. A rIte zvetAMbaradigaMbara paMthe astitvamAM AvyA. dharmAjJAnuM zabdazaH pAlana karanAra digaMbara kahevAyA ane temAM thoDI chUTachATa mUkanAra zvetAMbara kahevAyA. tAMbara-digaMbara vacce keTalAka bhedanA muddAo nIce mujaba che : 1. tIrthakaronI mUrti saMbaMdhamAM : zvetAMbara ane digaMbara mUrtione bhinna bhinna pratIke Ape che. zvetAMbara paraMparAmAM mUrtio mugaTa, ratna, vastra, sonA-cAMdInA AbhUSaNothI suzobhita ane ArasapahANamAM kAcanA netrajaDita hoya che, jyAre digabara paraMparAmAM mUrtie nagna hoya che, temane koI paNa prakAre zaNagAravAmAM AvatI nathI ane A mUrtionAM lesana nIcAM DhaLelAM hoya che. 2. mahAvIranA saMbaMdhamAM : (1) zvetAMbara mAnyatA mujaba, devAnaMda nAmanI brAhmaNa strInI kukhe garbhAdhAna thayuM hovA chatAM mahAvIrane janma kSatriya strI trizalAdevInI kukhe thaye hatA. garbhAdhAna bAda 86mA divase Indradeve A garbha-parivartana karyuM hovAnI mAnyatA

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pUrvabhUmikA 25 che. AcArAMga, kalpasUtra ane bhagavatIsUtra ema traNa jaina graMthamAM A daMtakathAnA nirdeza che. digaMbara devAnaMdAmAMthI trizalAdevImAM mahAvIranA garbhanA parivartananI samagra ghaTanAne asaMbhavita ane avizvasanIya gaNuM kADhe che. (2) zvetAMbara jItanacarite mahAvIrane tenA bAlyakALathI ja atyaMta citanazIla hovAnuM ane tenAM prAraMbhanAM varSomAM ja saMsAratyAganI IcchIvALAM hevAnuM dazArve che, paraMtu temanA mAtApitAnI lAgaNI na dubhAya eTalA mATe ja teo temanI hayAtimAM saMsAratyAga karatA nathI. mahAvIra yazodA nAmanI kanyA sAthe lagnagraMthithI joDAyA hatA ane priyadarzanA nAmanI putrInA pitA paNa thayela. digaMbara mate keIpaNa anya rAjakumAranI jema ja mahAvIre paNa rAjamahelanA jIvananA sarva upabhege bhegavyA hatA, paraMtu 30mAM varSe vastuonA kSaNabhaMgura svarUpanI pratIti thatAM temaNe temanA mAtApitAnI hayAtimAM ja ane temanI IcchA viruddha ekAeka saMsArano tyAga karyo. digaMbaranA mate mahAvIre kadI lagna karyo ja nahetAM. 3. AdhAra saMbaMdhI : zvetAMbara dRSTivAda lupta thayuM hovAnuM ane 11 aMge nAza na pAmyA hovAnuM mAne che, jyAre digaMbara daSTivAda temaja 11 aMgo baMne lupta thayA hevAnuM mAne che. sthUlabhadranA netRtva heThaLa I. sa. 300nA arasAmAM pATalIputramAM maLela saMghanI rAhabarI heThaLa thayela aMgonA saMgrahanI punavyavasthAne digaMbara amAnya kare che. sUtra sivAyanA graMthonI yAdI bAbatamAM paNa baMne vacce bhinnatA che. taduparAMta tAMbare sAmAnya zrAvakone mULa graMthAnA vAcananI paravAnagI ApatA nathI, jyAre digaMbare sAmAnya zrAvakane A graMthanA vAcananI chUTa Ape che. 4. sIe saMbaMdhI : AvetAMbara mAnyatA mujaba, strI paNa mekSa pAmI zake che ane tIrthaMkara paNa banI zake che ane tethI teo strIne zramaNa saMdhamAM joDAvAnI chUTa Ape che. vartamAna covIsImAM 19mA tIrthaMkara mahilanAtha strInA bhavamAM mokSa pAmyA hatA tevI mAnyatA pravarte che. Ama strInA AtmAne puruSanA AtmA karatAM strI hovAne

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jainana kAraNe nirna kakSAnA gaNavAmAM AvyA nathI. diga Mbara strIne saMdhamAM joDAvAnI chUTa ApatA nathI ane strI puruSa tarIke janmyA bAda ja meAkSa athavA tI karanA darajjo prApta karI zake che ema mAne che. 23 pu. zramaNa saMbaMdhI : zvetAMbara sAdhuo zveta vastra paridhAna kare che, jyAre digaMbara nirvastra hoya che e ApaNe AgaLa darzAvela che. Aje digambara sAdhue gaNyAgAMvyA ja che ane tee ekAMta sthaLe vase che. zvetAMbara zramaNane 14 vastu (dhetI, upara vagere) rAkhavAnI chUTa che. te eka sthAnethI anya sthAne vihAra karatA vicaratA rahe che. digambara zramaNane 2 vastue ja (mArapIchAnA rajoharaNa ane kamaMDaLa) rAkhavAnI chUTa che. 6, peTApathA saMdhI : zvetAMbara sa MpradAyanA traNa peTApa thA che: 1. mUrtipUjaka, 2. sthAnakavAsI, ane 3. terApaMthI; jyAre digambarasoMpradAyanA nIce mujaba Na peTApa thA che : 1. vIsapacI, 2. terapI, ane 3. tAraNupa thI. mUrti pUjaka tIthaMkarAnI mUrtipUjA kare che. sthAnakavAsI peTApatha (15mI sadI) mUrtipUjA virAdhI che ane temanA sAdhu-sAdhvIe mAM para muhupattI (sapheda kapaDu) bAMdhe che. tarApathI (18mI sadI) paNa mUrti pUjAnuM samarthana karatA nathI ane anya patheA sAthe temane ahiMsAnA sabaMdhamAM matabheda che. vIsapaMthI mUrti pUjAmAM phaLa-phUla vagerenA upayoga kare che. tarapathI mUrti pUjAmAM kevaLa nirjIva vastuone ja upayoga kare che ane tAraNupathI (15mI sadI) pUjAmAM mUrtine sthAne dharmAMtra thAne rAkhe che. zvetAMbara ane digaMbara saMpradAyA vaccenA matabhedA-taphAvatA mULabhUta che ja nahIM. " strIene mukti maLe nahIM", "dehadhArI kevaLajJAnI bhejana kare nahIM " vagere nAkhatA ane vastra na paheravuM vagere sAdhunA AcAravyavahAra sivAya bAkI badhu prAyaH diga Mbara ane zvetAMbara saMpradAyamAM sarakhuM che. ekabIjAnA tarka zAstrone te svIkAre che. jainadharmanA mukhya siddhAMta je syAdvAda che tenu bane ekasarakhA utsAhathI samarthana kare che. AthI te paraspara sAdharmika che. baMne sa MpradAyo vaccenA bhede kadI tIvra svarUpa dhAraNa karyu * munizrI nyAyavijayajI, jainadarzana, pR. 13, phUTanoTa. te -

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pUrvabhUmikA nathI. vaLI, eka saMpradAya anya saMpradAyanA AdhyAtmika ane Adhibhautika graMthane paNa upaga kare che ane eka saMpradAyanA vidvAnoe anya saMpradAyanA graMtha para TIkAo paNa lakhI che. 16. zuM jena dazana nirIzvaravAdI che ? bhAratIya darzananA Astika ane nAstika evA be vibhAge che ane temAM baddha darzana ane cArvAkadarzana sAthe jaina darzanane paNa nAstika vibhAga heThaLa vargIkRta karavAmAM Ave che. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM "nAstika" zabda trividha arthamAM prayojAya cheH (1) mRtyu pachInA jIvanamAM azraddhA, (2) vedanI sattAmAM azraddhA, ane (3) IzvaramAM azraddhA. jaina darzana nAstika' zabdanA prathama arthamAM "nAstika' nathI. jaina mate. vartamAna jIvanane aMta arthAta mRtyu e jIvanane aMta nathI, astitva-lopa nathI. mRtyu pachI kazuM astitvamAna rahetuM nathI evuM jaina maMtavya nathI. jenA darzana karma-siddhAMta ane AtmAnA punarjanmano siddhAMtane svIkAre che. jaina darzana nirdiSTa jIvanI cAra gatio jaina darzanane sthULa nAstika darzana na hevAnuM spaSTapaNe darzAve che. AdhyAtmika utkrAMtinI zreNImAM mAnavI nimna kakSAe sarI na paDe te mATe mAnavIne nItimaya jIvana jIvavAnI jaina darzananI salAha ane karma-jaMjIromAMthI pUrNa mukti mATene tene Agraha jaina darzanane pATapaNe cArvAka jevA nAstika darzanathI juduM pADe che. "nAstika' za danA bIjA arthamAM jaina darzana zaMkAtItapaNe avaidika darzana che. jaina darzana vedanI sattA ane pramANabhUtatAne svIkAratuM nathI, paraMtu A kaMI mAnava-paristhitinA ciMtanAtmaka ane tAttivaka pRthakkaraNamAMnI azraddhAne lIdhe nathI. jaina manAvijJAna, tattvavijJAna ane jJAnamImAMsA e hakIkatanA vidhAyaka purAvAo che ke jenA darzana vedika sattAne asvIkAra tAttvika ciMtana pratyenA aNagamAne lIdhe karatuM nathI. jena paraMparAne tenA potAnA ciMtake ane prajJajanonI zreNI che temaja tAtvika DahApaNa samAviSTa karatA pavitra graMthe paNa che. jene A graMthane pramANabhUta mAne che. jenA mate, A graMthe samyagU (sAcuM-pathArtha) jJAna Ape che, kAraNa ke temAM evI vyaktionAM uccAraNe che, jeo sAMsArika jIvana. jIvyA hatA paraMtu jemaNe potAnA sAcA jJAna ane sAcA AcaraNa dvArA pitAnI jAtane pUrNa banAvI hatI.

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-28 jainadarzana nAstika zabdanuM trIjuM arthaghaTana atyaMta mahattvapUrNa che. kAraNa ke nAstika' zabdanI sAmAnya samaja tene anivArya rIte "nirIzvaravAda' zabdanI samAna mAne che. jaina darzanane nirupAdhika rIte nirIzvaravAdI hovAnuM kahevuM e ayogya ane atAtvika baMne che, kAraNa ke jenA darzana sarvoparI rIte vaiyaktika Izvara-sarjaka Izvara-ne ja mAtra InkAra kare che, Izvaratva svayaMne nahIM. jaina darzana mAnavIne IzvaratvanI kakSAparyata lAvI mUke che ane samyaka jJAna-darzana-cAritrya ane svastha jIvana dvArA zakya teTaluM Izvaratva najadIka pahoMcavAnI tene preraNA Ape che. ahIM IzvaranA pratyayanuM gahana vileSaNa jovA maLe che. vizvanAM moTA bhAganAM darzane mAM IzvaranI kalpanA dRSTigocara thAya che. Izvarane saMpUrNa sarvoparI, pavitra, sarvazaktimAna, sarvajJa, sarvavyApaka, saccidAnaMda svarUpa mAnavAmAM Ave che. te sarjaka, pAlaka ane saMhAraka tema ja uddhAraka che. sRSTi pariNAma che ane Izvara tenuM sarvoparI kAraNa che. kAryakAraNa niyama mujaba jyAre ema mAnavAmAM Ave tyAre anavasthAdeSa thAya che. taduparAMta Izvara sRSTinA sarjaka che ema kahIe tyAre IzvaramAM sarjananI IcchA nirdiSTa thAya che. IcchA abhAvarUpa vastu ke hakIktanI nirdezaka che ane Izvara apUrNa hoI zake nahIM. A rIte sarjaka Ivarane khyAla Izvarane mAnavI banAve che ane tene jarUrata ane apUrNatAnI nimna kakSAe lAvI mUke che. saMsAramAM pApa, duHkha, dardo, garIbI, yAtanA, asamAnatA vagere hovAnuM kAraNa zuM che ? Izvara jyAre zubha tattva che, sarvazaktimAna che, saMpUrNa che tyAre te AvuM badhuM kema pravartA de che ? taduparAMta, jyAre Izvara sarva zaktimAna ane sarvajJa che tyAre pApI jIvo ane khAsa karIne tenA astitvane inakAranAra (nAstika) jagatamAM kema che ? (1) AcArya jinasena pUche che : "je Izvare vizvanuM sarjana karyuM hoya te te tenA sarjana pUrve kyAM hatA? je te di(avakAza)mAM na hoya to teNe vizvane kyAM sthita karyuM - sthAna ApyuM ? Izvara jevA arUpI ane a-bhautika dravya bhautika sRSTi kevI rIte sajI ? je sAmagrI pahelethI ja astitvamAna hovAnuM mAnI laIe te pachI zA mATe sRSTi svayaMne ja anAdi na mAnIe ? jo sarjaka asarjita hoya te sRSTi svayane ja zA mATe Atma-astitvamAna na mAnIe ? zuM -Izvara Atmanirbhara che ? je te hoya te teNe sRSTinuM sarjana karyuM na hota. je te na hoya to, sAmAnya kuMbhakAranI jema ja te kArya mATe asamartha heta, kAraNa ke dhAraNA mujaba mAtra pUrNa tatva ja tene sarjI zake che."

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pUrvabhUmikA - (2) kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya lakhe che : je pratyeka astitvamAna padArthane kartA hoya, to kartA vayane anya. kartA vagere dvArA ja samajAvI zakAya. A viSacakrathI mukta thavA mATe ApaNe eka anAdi svayaM spaSTa kAraNa, Izvara mAnavuM paDe. paraMtu eka tavane AtmaastitvamAna hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave te pachI zA mATe bIjA anekane paNa anAdi ane nitya na kahI zakAya ?...(tethI) vizvanA prathama kAraNunA astitvane. mAnavAnI AvazyakatA nathI." - sRSTinI vaividhyatAne kALa, svabhAva, niyati, karma ane puruSArtha e pAMca sahakArI paristhitio sAthe saMlagna karI zakAya. samagra vizva anAdi ane anaMta che ema jaina darzana mAne che. tenI utpatti mATe eka ke anya sarjakanI kahapanA mAtra ajJAnanuM pariNAma che. jagata niyata ane zAzvata che. te tenA niyama anusAra varte che. jaina mate, vizva-aucitya karmAdhIna che. karma ane tenA phaLa vacce paNa sattA (Izvarasameta) vikSepa karI zake nahIM. jIva Icche te karma karavA svataMtra che paraMtu pasaMdagI aphara che ane karelAM karmonA pariNAmothI chaTakI zakAya nahIM. Izvara ke anya koI temAM pheraphAra karI zake nahIM. jenA darzananI A viziSTatA che. jaina darzanane A siddhAMta tene khristI, muslima, hindu darzanAthI bhinna pADe. che. keAI Izvara ke tene payagaMbara ke tene dUta mAnava jIvanamAM daramyAnagIrI karI zake nahIM. vyakti (jIva) ja pitAnA karmo mATe pratyakSa rIte ane anivArya rIte. javAbadAra che. karmano kSaya thatAM jIva mukta bane che. - muktAtmA eTale ja Izvara. Izvaratva ane muktAvasthAnAM lakSaNo samAna che. jenA sarva karmo kSaya pAmyA hoya te Izvara che. (ifkSaNa sarakarmA zvaraH 1 ) Izvara" zabdano artha samartha-pUrNa che. jIva samyagU jJAna-darzana-cAritryanA sAdhana. dvArA pUrNa sthiti prApta karI zake che. A pUrNAvasthA eTale ja Izvaratva.. AtmA sva-rUpa vikAsa dvArA Izvara banI zake che. jenI daSTie AtmA tenA pUrNa rUpamAM Izvara che. pratyeka vyaktimAM IzvaratvanuM janmajAta svarUpa che. vyaktigata prayAsa-sAhasa chava mATe Izvara-sthitinI prAptinI keDI kaMDAre che ane tyAM pahoMcatAM AtmA potAnA mULa svarUpe-tirmayocisvarUpe pUrNa prakAzamAna thAya che. ahIM muktAtmAnI vyaktimatAne lepa thato nathI, paraMtu tenI vyaktigata hastI A sthitimAM jArI rahe che. muktAtmAo vizvanI Toce jAya che ane

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jaina na haMmezAM tyAM vase che. teo jIvana-mRtyunA pherA(soMsara)mAMthI alipta-mukta thayA hoya che ane tethI tenA para kAI prabhAva paDatA nathI tethI sarvoparI -zAsaka-sa ka-niya tA--nAM kAryonu ArApaNa temanAmAM zakaya nathI. sa MsAramAM rahelA chatreAne zAzvata devA mAnI zakAya nahIM. A azrvamAM IzvaranA darajjA karatAM tIrthaMkara-pa6 vadhu icchanIya che. tIrthaMkarapada-prApti jIvananu parama lakSya che ane tIrthaMkara mAnavatA samakSa evu jhaLahaLatuM udAharaNa che ke je tene khAtarI Ape che ke AdhyAtmika pUrNatA vAstavamAM prApya che ane te mAtra ciMtanAtmaka mUlya mAtra nathI. A rIte, jaina nirIzvaravAda tAttvika ciMtananI phaLazrutirUpa che ane tethI te saraLa nirIzvaravAda (je tAttvika ciMtana vinA, dRSTigAcara na thAya teno inkAra kare che te) karatAM bhinna che. izvaranA astitva mATenI taiyAyikAnI sAbitIonu` khaMDana : 30 jaina tattvajJAnaiyAcakeAnI izvaranA AMtattva mATenI sAbitIonu khaMDana kare che, tethI ApaNe ahIM tenA nirdeza karIzuM. naiyAyikAnA mate, pariNAma tarIke sRSTi buddhizALI kAraNa sUcave che ane te Izvara che. jaina tattvanA darzAve che ke sAmAnya pariNAmanuM kAraNa buddhizALI mAnavI hoya che e sAdRzyane AdhAre dalIla karIe ke sRSTi(pariNAma)ne tenA kAraNa tarIke Izvara che te! ApaNe ema mAnavuM joIe ke mAnavInI jema Izvara paNa apUrNa che. bIjI bAjue e kArya-kAraNa prakAreNa vaccenuM sAmya noMdhapAtra nathI ema kahevAmAM Ave te aiyikA temaNe tAravela niSkanuM samarthana karI zake nahIM. pANInI varALa dhumADA samAna che, tethI dhumADAnI jema pANInI varALa parathI agninu anumAna karavu yogya nathI. pariNAma tarIke sRSTi anya pariNAmeA karatAM bhinna che (ane tethI bhinna prakAranA kAraNanuM samarthana karI zakAya) evA trIjo vikalpa jaina tattvajJa svIkAratA nathI, tenA mate kramaka rIte nAza pAmatAM ghara jevAM sAmAnya pariNAma ane sRSTi-sarjana sabaMdhI kAraNa vize atyaMta mahattvapUrNa bAbata e che ke kAraNu adRSTa che ane tethI ApaNe e paNa svIkAravu joIe ke buddhizALI vyaktie dvArA ja vinAza paNa udbhave che. sAmAnya sajanA sAdasyanA AdhAre AgaLa vadhatAM, jaina tattvajJa zrlIla phare che ke sRSTinA kAraNa tarIke Izvarane zarIra hAvu joIe. ApaNe kAIpaNa buddhizALI sajja ne zarIravihoNA joyela nathI ane tethI jaina mate, sRSTinA sarjakanA kissAmAM paNa AthI bhinna hovu joIe nahIM.

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pUrvabhUmikA jaina tatvajJa anya zakyatAonuM paNa pRthakakaraNa kare che. dehaviheNuM IzvaranA astitvane svIkAra karIe ane sarjana mATe tene javAbadAra mAnIe. sarjana (1) kAM te tenA vyaktigata taraMgane lIdhe hoya, (2) kAM te mAnavInAM sArAM- burA kAryone lIdhe heya, (3) kAM to mAnavI para IzvaranI kRpAne lIdhe hoya, (4) athavA te sarjana svayaM Izvare mAnela ramata tarIke che. jenA mate, A cAramAMne koIpaNa vikalpa Izvarane pUrNa tatva tarIkenI pratiSThA Apato nathI. (1) prathama vikalpa sRSTine niyaMtrita karatAM sarva prAkRtika niyamone kArANe mUke che. (2) bIjo vikalpa svIkAratAM, IzvaranuM svAtaMtrya haNAya che, kAraNa ke A kissAmAM te mAnavInA sArA-mAThA anubhava mATe javAbadAra rahetA nathI. (3) trIjo vikalpa paNa satiSakAraka nathI, kAraNa ke A jagatamAMnI yAtanAnI hAjarInI samajutI ApavA te samartha nathI. A saMdarbhamAM sArA ane kharAba kAryone sukha ane duHkha mATe javAbadAra mAnavAmAM Ave te Izvara anAvazyaka tava banI rahe che. (4) aMtima vikalpa IzvaranA bhAge lakSyahInatA sUcave che. jena ciMtaka darzAve che ke A sarva dalIlone Azaya e che ke IzvaranA astitva mATenI dalIla saMpUrNa rIte nirAzAjanaka, niratharka kArya che ane vadhu sAro vikalpa te A dhAraNAne sadaMtara tyAga che. samApanaH jenA darzana pracalita arthamAM Izvarane inkAra kare che tema chatAM tene nirIzvaravAdI kahI zakAya nahIM. jenA darzana AtmA, sarvajJa, tIrthakara, svarga, paraleka, vagerenA astitvane temaja mukti-melanA siddhAMtamAM mAne che. alabatta, mokSa ke anya koIpaNa praznaranI siddhi arthe svataMtra IzvaranI kalpanAne ahIM keI sthAna nathI. jenA mate, AtmA paramAtmA-Izvara banI zake che. Ama, jenadarzana IzvaramAM, devatvamAM ane aneka devAmAM mAne che. jene tIrthakarone pUjanIya, vaMdanIya mAne che. ahIM jina ke tIrthakara mAnavajAta mATane Adarza che. ahIM jina ke tIrthakara devanI upAsanA Izvarane prasanna karavA mATe nathI paraMtu pitAnA hRdaya-citta-nI zuddhi arthe che. sArAye duHkhenA utpAdaka rAga-dveSanA nivAraNArthe rAga-dveSane jItanAra jinezvaranuM avalaMbana parama upayogI ane Avazyaka mAnavAmAM Ave che.

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prakaraNa 2 jaina tattvavijJAna (Jain Metaphysics) 1. prAstAvika (Introductory) : breDale darzAve che tema tattvavijJAna mAtra AbhAsanI viruddha vAstavikatA- (Reality)ne jANavAnA prayAsa che. te vAstavikatA, astitva, tattva ke dravyanA aMtima svarUpane samajavAne ane grahaNa karavAnA prayAsa che. vAstavikatA tattvavijJAnanA cAvIrUpa pratyaya che ane temAM vana ane jagatanA khyAlano samAveza thAya che. pratyeka Ina vizvanA astitvane svIkAre che, paraMtu te pratyeka tenA viziSTa dRSTibiMduthI tene siddha karavA mathe che. A rIte, vizvanuM pratyekadarzIna lAkanA svarUpane samajavAnA prayAsa che. leAka anubhavanA viSaya che, mUrta jagata che. vAstavamAM alAka paNa leAka ja che. jaina tattvavijJAna vAstavikatAnA svarUpa aMge carcA kare che. vAstavikatAnI A sRSTimAM lAka ane anlAkanA samAveza thAya che. lAka (mUrta jagata) ApaNA anubhavanA viSaya che ane a-leAka AthI para che ane temAM zuddha avakAzanA samAveza thAya che. jaina tattvavijJAna dRSTAnA mananI bahAra svataMtra rIte astitvamAna evI sRSTine nirdeze che. Ama, sRSTi ahIM mananI racanAmAtra nathI para Mtu tene svataMtra astitva che. Ama jainadarzana vAstavavAdI che. sa Mgraha nayanA dRSTibiMduthI, dravya-sat eka che, vAstavikatA eka che ane A vArtAvakatA astitva ( sat ) che. sat ekamAtra dravya che ( ekatattvavAda), jaina sattAmImAMsA (Ontology) sA svarUpanI carcA kare che. jaina tattvavijJAna (Metaphysics) vizvane jIva ane ajIva (jemAM pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALanA samAveza thAya che te) evA be svataMtra padArthoM (Categories)mAM vibhAjita kare che (dvaitavAda ). jaina tattvavijJAnamAM jIva, pudgala, dha, adharma AkAza ane kALa ema kula SaDadravyanI carcAvicAraNA karavAmAM Ave che ( anekatattvavAda ). jaina tattvavijJAna A rIte vAstavAdI ane anekattvavAdI che, kAraNa ke te padArtho ane jIvAnI anekatAmAM mAne che ane A pratyeka vAstavika che ane ApaNA jJAnanA padAthe paNa vAstavika che, mAtra vicAra nathI ema paNa mAne che.

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jaina tattvavijJAna 2. jaina sattAmImAMsA (Jaina Ontology) : 1. vAstaviktA mATenA paryAyavAcI zabdo (Synonyms for Reality) : jaina danamAM vAstavikatA mATe sat, sattA, tava, artha, padArtha, vagere paryAyavAcI zabdonA upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. anya bhAratIya darzanA A zabdo samAna amAM prayojatA nathI. vaizeSika darzana padArtha' zabda dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya ane abhAva e badhA mATe upayogamAM le che. paNa 'artha' zabda dravya, guNu ane karma e traNa padArtha mATe anAmata rAkhe che. nyAya darzana 'sat' zabdano upayoga tenA 16 padAthA mATe kare che. sAMkhya darzana tenA puruSa ane prakRtinA siddhAMtA mATe tattva zabda prayAje che. anya bhAratIya darzana jema jaina darzana paNa vAstavavAdI che para Mtu ahIM vAstavikatA, sat, dravya, padArtha vagere zabdo vacce kAI bheda nathI. jaina tattvavijJAna sat-dravya-nu tattvavijJAna che. sat tenuM tAttvika adhiSNana che. 2. vAstavikatAnI vyAkhyA : sata ane astitva: (Definition of Reality; Reality and Existence) umAsvAti vAstavikatA mATe 'tattva' zabdane sthAne dravya' zabdanA prayoga kare che. Ama, dravya ane vAstavikatA vacce ahIM kAI bheda nathI. vAstavikatA dravya che ane dravya vAstavikatA che. AgaLa darzAvyA mujaba, sagraha nayanA dRSTibiMduthI, dravya eka che, sat eka mAtra dravya che. A dRSTie, cetana-jaDa, sAmAnyavizeSa, sAtA-neya, eka-aneka vacce kAI bheda nathI. umAsvAti dravyanI vyAkhyAM sat dvArA kare che. sat dravyanuM lakSaNa che-t thya kSaLam / Ama, satastitva-sattAe vAstavikatAnA mukhya ane Avazyaka mApadaMDa che. je astitvamAna hoya te vAstavika che. astitvamAM sarva kaMI samAviSTa che. khAna zabdomAM kahIe tA, astitva (sat) vAstavikatA che athavA vAstavikatA astitva (sata) che. astitva dravya che. A dRSTie, sarva kaMI eka che, kAraNa ke sarva kaI AstatvamAna che-sarvenejuM savizeSAt / sthAnAMga sUtramAM 'eka AtmA', eka vizva' ne AyA; ge cho / vagere khyAle jovA maLe che. A upaniSadanA satya to eka ja che para Mtu vidvAne tene aneka prakAre varNave che'. khyAla jai. 3 33

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jenadana -aaN mat citrA cudhA pati evA khyAla sAthe sAmya dharAve che. saMgraha nayanA dRSTibiMduthI advaita-ekava-nA uparokta khyAla yathArtha che ane te zaMkarAcAryanA nirapekSa AdarzavAda ane breDalenA anubhava'nI samIpa pahoMce che. ApaNI buddhi A samagra vAstavikatAnuM varNana karI zake nahIM, paraMtu aMtaHsphuraNA dvArA ja tenA sAkSAtkAra karI zakAya ane A mAtra DevalIne ja sulabha che. 34 anuyogaddAra sUtra mujaba, dravya vAstivakatAnA sArvatrika mApadaMDa che. umAsvAti dravyanA A zAstrokta khyAlane 'sat'mAM vikasAve che ane ahIM dravya ane sat vacce kAI bheda pADavAmAM AvatA nathI. temanI bhASA zAstrasaMmata karatAM tAttvika savizeSa che. jaina sUtromAM vAstavikatAnA mApadaMDa tarIke 'sat' ne badale 'dravya' zabdaprayoga jovA maLe che. umAsvAtinA 'sat'ne khyAla vedAMta ane nyAya-vaizeSika darzanAnA arivartanazIla nirapekSa zAzvatatA tarIke 'sat'nA khyAla karatAM bhinna che je nIce vadhyuMvela 'sat'nAM lakSaNA dvArA spaSTa thaze. 3. sattuM svarUpa : satanAM lakSaNo: (Nature of Sat : Characteristics of Sat) : umAsvAtinA mate, sat vAstavikatAnA mApadaMDa che. sat utpAdana-vyayadhrauvyayukta che. (savA-ca-prauyusta hat / ) satyAtmaka che. sane A traNa lakSaNA che. sat zAzvata ane aparivartanazIla svarUpanuM nathI. satanAM prathama be lakSaNA (utpAda ane vyaya) vAstaviktAnAM gatizIla pAsAM-azA che, jyAre tenuM chelluM lakSaNa tenuM sthira sthAyI pAsa-aMza che. A NemAM paraspara avinAbhAva che, ekabIjA vinA eka kSaNa paNa rahI zakatAM nathI. have ApaNe sat'nA A pratyeka lakSaNa aMge vigatavAra joIzuM. 1. utpAda (origination) : jyAre dravya tenA nijI svarUpane, tilAMjali ApyA vinA utpanna thAya tyAre te utpAda' kahevAya che. dA. ta., ghaDA mATImAMthI mATInu svarUpa cheDayA vinA utpanna thAya che. utpAdanA artha ahIM zUnyamAMthI sarjana thatA nathI, para Mtu tenA artha navuM parivartana-rUpAMtara ke svarUpa dhAraNa karavAnI vikAsaprakriyAnA tabakko thAya che. kacit pUrve asat vastunI prApti (mahat bAmasAmaH / ) utpAnu lakSaNa che. 2. vyaya (decay) : vyaya purogAmI paryAya(svarUpa)nA tyAganuM nAma che. dA. ta., mATI ghaDA banatAM peAtAnuM purAgAmI svarUpa tyaje che. vyaya A rIte saMpUrNa vinAza nathI. ahIM purAgAmI svarUpane sthAne anugAmI svarUpa sthApita

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jaina tatvavijJAna 35 thAya che ane tethI A paNa vikAsa prakriyAne ja eka tabakko che. kathaMcita pUrve sata vastunI sattAne viyega (sata sattAvALa: I) e vyayanuM lakSaNa che. mATInA ghaDAnuM svarUpa ke tene raMga nAza pAme che. 3. dhrauvya (permanence): dhrauvya-nityatA-zAzvatatA dravyanuM Avazyaka lakSaNa che. ane te utpAda ane vyaya baMne sthitiomAM aparivartita rahe che. na te tenI utpatti thAya che, na te tene nAza. te nitya ane aparivartanazIla che. dA. ta., mATInuM Avazyaka svarUpa tenAM vibhinna rUpAMtaro vacce paNa aparivartita rahe che. yuvatva dravyanA Avazyaka svarUpanI zAzvatatA nirdeza che. utpAda ane vyaya e baMne avasthAmAM dravyarUpe sthiti ( patayAnuvartana ) e dravyanuM lakSaNa che. dravya tarIke mATI sthAyI mAnI zakAya. kuMdakuMdAcArya dravyanI vyAkhyA pravacanasAra(23)mAM nIce mujaba Ape che. "je aparikta svabhAvayukta che, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta che, guNa-paryAyayukta che te ja dravya che'. dravya ane sata eka ja che ane tethI A ja lakSaNa sanuM paNa lakSaNa che. utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyavihIna vAstavikatAne vicAra saiddhAMtika amUrtIkaraNa che. pratyeka vAstavika padArtha A traNa mULabhUta lakSaNayukta che. A traNa aMzavihIna kaIpaNane vAstavika tarIke vicArI zakAya nahIM. vAstavikatA A tridhaTakayukta che. tene svabhAva trayAtmaka che. A siddhAMta tattva-sat (Being)nA anekAMtavAda tarIke oLakhAya che. ta-sa-ne A siddhAMta jaina tattvavijJAnanuM tAvika adhiSThAna che. 4. dravya, guNa ane paryAya : yuvatva ane parivartanazIlatA: (Substance, Attributes and Modes : Permanence and Change) je guNa ane paryAyayukta hoya te dravya che. dravya eTale guNa-paryAyanuM AzrayasthAna (guNa vaya marce ). je dravyanI sAthe haMmezAM hoya, svayaM guNarahita hoya te guNa che. jyAM dravya che tyAM guNa che; ane jyAM guNa che tyAM dravya che. dravya ane guNa avinAbhAvI che. kAvyaviheNu guNanuM astitva nathI ane guNavihANa dravyanuM astitva nathI. guNa nitya che ane te sadA dravyanI sAthe rahe che. dravya guNanuM AzrayasthAna che.

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jainadarzana guNa haMmezAM dravyanI aMtagarta hoya che. guNa svayaMne guNa nathI, te guNarahita guNa nityatAvAcaka che ane dhrauvyanA sthAne tene prayoga thAya che. paryAya dvavyAzrita che ane guNarahita che. paryAya dravyanuM eka svarUpa che ane dravya vinA tenuM astitva zakya nathI. paryAya utpAda-vyayayukata hovAthI dravyamAM sadA nihita nathI. paryAya kSaNika che, prati samaya utpanna thAya che ane vinAza pAme che. jUnA paryAye nAza pAme che ane navA navA paryAye utpanna thatA rahe che. dravya svabhAvataH adhikRta rahIne anaMta parivartanamAM je dekhAya che te paryAya" kahevAya che. paryAya parivartanasUcaka che. upAda-vyayanA sthAne "paryAya" zabdano upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. dravya anekavidha guNonuM AzrayasthAna che. dravyamAM be prakAranA guNe che: (1) Avazyaka che nitya lakSaNa (svarU5), ane (2) Akasmika ke parivartanazIla guNa (paryAye) (1) Avazyaka ke nitya lakSaNo vinA dravyanuM astitva saMbhavita nathI. dravyamAtra tenAM lakSaNo(guNo)mAM ane lakSaNa dvArA astitvamAna che. dravyanAM nitya lakSaNa aparivartanazIla che, arthAta dravya ane tenAM Avazyaka lakSaNe avibhAjya che, parasparAvalaMbI che, te baMnene kadI alaga pADI zakAya nahIM. AvAM lakSaNo sadA dravyamAM nihita che. je kaI dravya hoya to tene keTalAMka lakSaNa hovAM joIe. e ja pramANe je keTalAMka lakSaNo hoya te kAIka dravya hovuM joIe. (2) Akasmika ke parivartanazIla guNe dravyamAM sadA hotA nathI. teo Ave che ane jAya che. A Akasmika guNe paryAya' tarIke oLakhAya che. A rIte paryAya parivartanazIla guNa che je dravya keTalIkavAra dharAve che ane keTalIkavAra dharAvatuM nathI. dravya svayaM na te utpanna thAya che ke na te nAza pAme che. ahIM dravyanA dhRvatvazAzvatatA-nityatva para bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. dravya e astitvanuM hArda che-zAzvata rahetuM tattva che. sarvArthasiddhi darzAve che tema, dravya tattvataH aparivartanazIla che. utpAda ane vyaya dravyanA parivartanazIla paryAye nirdeza che, jyAre vatva dravyanA nitya-sthira pAsAne nirdeza che. satanAM A traNa pAsA aMge ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA chIe. eka ane samAna dravyamAM parivartanazIlatA ane dhRvatva jevA be pUrNavireAdhI. guNe kevI rIte zakya che? umAsvAtine dhRvatvane khyAla nirapekSa (pUrNa) dhruvatvane nathI. temanA mate, svatva-nijatva-nI jALavaNI dhRvatvane mApadaMDa che. svatva (Atma-tatva)nA tyAgane abhAva dhRvatva che. umAsvAti A vyAkhyA nIce mujaba samajAve che, "je potAnuM astitvadarzaka hAI ne te vartamAnamAM tyaje che ke

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jaina tatvavijJAna na te bhAvimAM tyaje che te dhruva-zAzvata-nitya che." dravya nUtana svarUponA grahaNa ane jUnA svarUpane tyAga karavAnA gALA daramyAna tenuM svatva (essence) tyajatuM nathI. tenA udabhava ane vinAza baMnemAM te jevuM che tevuM ja rahe che. tenuM svarUpa aparivartanazIla rahe che. A parivartanazIla svarUpa dhRvatva kahevAya che. jeno tyAga thAya che te "parivartana" che ane jene tyAga thato nathI te dhruva (sthiranitya-zAzvata) che. zAzvatatAne khyAla tyAga ane tyAga-abhAva dvArA spaSTapaNe samajI zakAya che. paryAye kSaNabhaMgura che, kAraNa ke dravya temane tyAga kare che. mukhya mApadaMDa nitya che, kAraNa ke te aparivartanazIla rahe che. koIpaNa dravyane saMpUrNataH nAza karI zakAya nahIM. kaI paNa vastu saMpUrNa rIte nitya-zAzvata nathI. - vAstavikatAnuM svarUpa zAzvata temaja azAzvata bane che. dravya samAna rahe che, paraMtu tenI sthiti haMmezAM parivartana pAme che-tenA paryAya parivartana pAme che. paraMtu mukhya lakSaNa (dravya) aparivartanazIla rahe che. kuMdakuMdAcArya paNa temanA paMcAstikAya'mAM vAstavikatAnI AvI ja vyAkhyA kare che. (5) dravyane nihALavAnAM cAra judAM judAM daSTibiMduo: (Four different Stand-points of Looking at substance) : keIpaNa dravyane cAra judI judI rIte nihALI zakAya ane tethI tenI vyAkhyA A cAra dRSTibiMduthI kahI zakAya. A mAtra vicAramAM ja zakaya che, mUrtimaMta hakIkatamAM nahIM. (1) dravya e che ke jemAM dipha-kALanA taphAvato ane paryAya ekIsAthe aMtargata hoya che. A vyAkhyA dravyarthika nayanI dRSTie (padArthanA zAzvata svarUpanA daSTibiMduthI) che. (2) dravya guNe ane paryAno viSaya che. A vyAkhyA paryAyArthika naya (padArthanI sthitinA daSTibiMdu)thI che, arthAta tenA parivartanazIla svarUpa ke rUpAMtaranA daSTibiMduthI che. guNa padArtha sAthe rahe che ane zAzvata che, paryAye ekamekane anusare che, paraMtu haMmezAM samAna rUpanA nathI. te kadI svarUpavihoNuM nathI, svarUpa sthira guNa che. 3. dravya utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta che. uparokta be daSTibiMduone ekIsAthe letAM A vyAkhyA maLe che. astitvanA navA paryAyanA ubhava sAthe astitvanA jUnA paryAyane nAza thAya che; jyAre dravya kAyamI rahe che. dravya na te nAza pAme che ke na to uddabhava pAme che.

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jainada na 4. dravya viziSTa kArya kare che. A sAmAnya dRSTibiMdu mujaba che ane viziSTa dravya mATe sAcuM che. 38 (6) tattvanA siddhAMtanA saMbaMdhamAM vidhdha ane tAdAtmya : (Identity and Difference in regard to the Theory of Being) : jaina darzana vAstaviktAnA svarUpanA saMdarbhamAM na tA advaita-ekaja-tAdAtmya para bhAra mUke che, na tA bheda-anekatA-vaividhya para. A rIte, AtyaMtika valaNathI dUra rahe che. te tAdAtmya ke bhinnatA e bemAMthI kAI paNa ekane vAstavikatAnI samaja mATe vadhAre mahattvapUrNa mAnavAne badale baMnene samAna rIte mahattvapUrNa mAne che. ApaNA anubhava darzAve che ke kAI paNa padArtha saMpUrNa rIte samAna rahetA nathI temaja parivatanA bhedI paNa saMpUrNa paNe veravikhera hAtA nathI. sarva parivartana pAmatAM paryAya ke bhedanI vacce paNa tAdAtmya-ekaca ArI rahe che. tAdAtmya ane parivartanazIlatA baMne pratyakSIkRta hakIkatA che ane emAMthI kAIpaNanI vAstavikatA aMge zaMkA karavAnu kAI kAraNa nathI. pratyeka tattva parivartanane AdhIna che ane tenI kArakIrdi daramyAna tenuM akaca-tAdAtmya jALavI rAkhe che. taTastha abhyAsa darzAve che ke vAstavikatA e tAdAtmya ane bhedI, zAzvatatA ane parivartana, ekatA ane anekatA, varNanAtmakatA ane varNanAtItatA jevA dronA samanvaya che. te bhinnatAmAM ekaca che. te gatizIla (dynamic) che, evu ekaya che je parivartana pAme che. te anekatAmAM ekatA, bhinnatAmAM tAdAtmya che. parivartana chatAMya zAzvatatA e astittvanA adhikAra che. vAstavikatA na tA saMpUrNataH sArvatrikatA che, na to viziSTatA para Mtu te baMneno samanvaya che. A baMne tenA oLakhI zakAya tevAM lakSaNa che ane vAstavikatA ane sAthe tAdA myatAmAM ane banethI bhinna ekIsAthe che. vAstavikatA sattA' che. tAdAtmya ane bheda tenA hArdamAM che, tee astitvathI bhinna nathI. tee astitva svarUpe che athavA astitva, tenA svarUpe che. A astitva sat che. A sat dravya' kahevAya che. A dravya tattva' tarIke paNa oLakhAya che je vAstavikatA tarIke varNavAya che. vAstavikatAnA A prakAra tattvArtha' ke padArtha che.

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jaina tavavijJAna (7) bheda-abheda aMge vibhinna maMtavye (Different views regards Difference) : tattva (Being)nA siddhAMtanA sa MbaMdhamAM vAstavikatAnA Avazyaka svarUpa tarIke kAM te abheda-advaita-ananyatA para athavA teA bheda-anekatA-vaividhya para bhAra mUkI zakAya, ane Ane anulakSIne tattvajJAnanA kSetramAM nIcenAM cAra ma Mtavya mukhyatve prApta thAya che: (1) abhedavAda-advaitavAda, (2) bhedavAda, (3) bhedAbheda, ane (4) bheda-viziSTa abheda. 39 1. abhedavAda : upaniSada ane advaita vedAMtamAM abhedavAdanuM samarthana jovA maLe che. A mate, bheda-anekatA mithyA che, ekatva-advaita ja mUlyavAna che. te ja pUrNa ane anaMta che. tattva abhedamAM che, bhedamAM nahIM. ajJAnane lIdhe bhedanI anekarUpatAnI pratIti thAya che. nAnInI pratIti haMmezAM abhedamUlaka hoya che. as zaMkaranA advaita vedAMta mujaba, aMtima vAstavikatA brahman ke AtmA che. brahman eka aMtima vAstaviktA che, bAhya sRSTi AbhAsamAtra che. ApaNA anubhavanA bheda-anekatA ApaNane vAstavikatAnA khyAla ApaNane ApatA nathI, te mAtra tenA AdhArarUpa brahmane darzAve che. dazya STi tenA bhautika kAraNanu vAstavika rUpAMtara (pariNAma) vyakta karatI nathI; te mAtra AbhAsa ja che. je ekamAtra vAstavitA che te brahman ja sUSTi tarIke dekhAya che. AtmA anubhavane pAramArthika AdhAra che. te kSaNabhaMgura nathI, paNa zAzvata (nitya) che, parivartanazIla nathI paNa aparivartanazIla che, sAnta nathI paNu anaMta che, maryAdita ane seApAdhika nathI paNu amaryAdita ane nirupAdhika che. tenuM astitva svayaMsiddha che ane tenA inkAra zaka nathI. te ha MmezAM cetanamukta che. te jJAtA-dveya dvaitanA AbhAsathI mukta che. te sarva AbhAsAmAM aMtargata evI zRMddha cetanA che. vicAranAM mULatattvA dvArA tenuM varNana zakaya nathI. te navacanIya che. aMtaHsphuraNA dvArA tenA sAkSAtkAra zakaya che kharA. nAtA-naiya daitanu rUpAMtara a Mte zuddha cetanAmAM thAya che. mAnavabuddhi maryAdita ane sAnta che, aMtima vAstavikatA nirapekSa ane atima tattva che ane tethI mAnava-buddhi aMtima vAstavikatA grahaNa karavA samartha nathI. vijJAnavAda ane zUnyavAdanI a Mtima bhUmikAmAM paNa uparIkta vicAradhArAnAM dana thAya che.

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jenadarzana zaMkaranA mata mujaba, vAstaviktAnI traNa kakSAo nIce mujaba che : 1. svapna ane bhramamAM daSTigocara thatAM padArthone mAtra pratibhAsika sattA che. 2. ApaNuM sAmAnya anubhavanA bAhya padArthone mAtra vyAvahArika sanA che. 3. brahmana ja ekamAtra pAramArthika sattA che. te sarva bhede ane virodhAbhAsethI para che. te ja eka mAtra aMtima vAstavikatA che, jyAre pratibhAsika ane vyAvahArika sattAe nimna dRSTibiMduthI ja vAstavika che. zaMkarane vizva aMgene samagra khyAla vAstavikatAnA vivartavAda para racAyela che. zaMkara potAnA dRSTibiMdunI samajUtI arthe raju-sarpa sadasyane upayoga kare che. raju-sarpa udAharaNamAM, doraDuM vAsvavika che ane sApa vAstavika nathI. Ama chanAM deraDAmAMne sApa sAcA sApanAM sarva lakSaNa dharAvate dekhAya che. A hakIkata mATenuM koI kAraNa samajamAM AvatuM nathI. je vAstavamAM tyAM che te (doraDuM) grahaNa thatuM nathI ane sApa je tyAM nathI te grahaNa thAya che. sAcAMvAstavika jJAnane (A kissAmAM doraDAnA sAcA jJAnano udaya thatAM doraDAne sApa tarIke jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. e ja pramANe, eka mAtra vAstavikatA, brahmana sRSTi tarIke dekhAya che ane jyAM sudhI A hakIkata samajAya nahIM tyAM sudhI vizvanI anekatAne svIkAra karavAmAM Ave che ane tene ja samagra vAstavikatAne vyakta karatI mAnavAmAM Ave che. zaMkaranA mate, vizvanI anekatA mAtra AbhAsI che, vAstavika nathI. te vizvanI anekatA parathI brahmanA adaMta para javAno Agraha rAkhe che. brahmanuM eka mAtra vAstavikatA che, temAM kaI bheda nathI. te eka zuddha svarUpa tatva che. 2. bhedavAda : vAstaviktA aMgenA adaitanA uparokta matathI taddana viruddha baudada mata che. bIddha mate, nityatA, abheda, sAmAnya kalpanAnI nIpaja che. vAstavikatA varNavavA mATe upaniSada vageremAM AtmA, nityatva ane AnaMda jevA zabdo jevA maLe che, jyAre vairAgya, anitya ane duHkha jevA zabdo vAstavikatA ane jIvana aMgenuM baddha maMtavya darzAvavA mATe vaparAtAM jovA maLe che. bhASika ane satrAMtika saMprada Ahuvika viziSTa ane kSaNika vicAramAM mAne che, jemane pratyeka anyathI nirapekSa rIte bhinna che ane temanAmAM temane ekI sAthe joDatuM kazuM nathI.

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jaina tavavijJAna bhedavAda padArthamAM avayane InkAra kare che. tene hara kSaNamAM bhinna-bhinna tatvanI ane bhinna bhinna jJAnanI sattAmAM vizvAsa rAkhe che. tenI daSTie bheda sivAya anya kaI paNa prakAranuM tava deSamukta nathI. jyAM bheda che tyAM ja vAstavikatA che. kSaNabhaMgavAda ja aMtima satya che. pratyeka padArtha kSaNika che. hara kSaNamAM padArthanI utpatti ane nAza thAya che. koI padArtha nitya nathI. jyAM nityatA na hoya tyAM abheda kevI rIte hoI zake ? jJAna ane padArtha baMne kSaNika che. ApaNe jene AtmA kahIe chIe te paMcakuM (vijJAna-cetanA, vedanA, sattA, saMskAra ane rU5)ne samudAya mAtra che. AtmA nAmanuM koI eka akhaMDa ane nitya dravya nathI. A anAtmavAda (nairAgyavAda) athavA pudgalane rAmya tarIke oLakhAya che. jene ApaNe bAhya padArtha kahIe chIe te kSaNika ane niraMza paramANuone samudAyamAtra che. A dharmarAmya tarIke oLakhAya che. bauddha darzanamAM A samudAyavAda saMdhAtavAdanA nAmathI oLakhAya che. saMghAta eTale judA judA niraMza tane samudAya. A deza-dikanI apekSAe che. A ja pramANe, kALanI apekSAe saMtAnavAdanuM samarthana karavAmAM Ave che. citta ke paramANunI saMtati joIne ApaNe "A te ja che evuM kahIe chIe. vAstavamAM A A che ane te te che. jyAre sarva kaMI kSaNika hoya tyAre A te kevI rIte banI zake ? ApaNe sarva vyavahAra saMghAtavAda ane saMtativAda para Azrita che. saMghAtavAdathI avakAzIya cikyane baMdha thAya che ane saMtAnavAdathI kAlika aSanuM jJAna thAya che. abheda ke anvaya saMtAnajanya che. vAstavamAM pratyeka jJAna ane padArtha niraMza ane bhinna che. ekya saMtAnathI bhinna kazuM nathI. saMtAna paraMparA dvArA TalAka samAna padArthone joIne temanAmAM ekavAnuM AropaNa karavAmAM Ave che. vAstavamAM sarva kaMI kSaNika che ane ekabIjAthI atyaMta bhinna che. parivartananI jhaDapa akya ke anvayanAM brama utpanna kare che. padArthamAtra eTalI tIvra gatithI parivartana pAme che ke tenA parivartananuM jJAna ApaNane thatuM nathI ane ApaNe tene nitya ke sthAyI samajIe chIe. - bauddho nitya dravyanA khyAlane inkAre che. temanA mate, kSaNe ja aMtima daSTie vAstavika che. pratyeka kSaNa hAramALAnI zeSa kSaNathI bhinna che. je kaMI astitvamAna che te anya astitvamAna padArthothI saMpUrNa rIte pRthaka rIte astitvamAna che. astitva hovuM eTale pRthapha rIte astitva hovuM. pRthaktAne khyAla sata(astitva)nA Avazyaka lakSaNa sAthe saMlagna che. A rIte pratyeka vAstaviktA anya vAstavikatA che. je ananya ke samAna che te aMtima daSTie

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jainadarzana vAstavika nathI. cerabeTaskI darzAve che tema "dipha-kALamAM bheda dravyamAMne bheda che."* A rIte, bheda baddha taravavijJAnane cAvIrUpa pratyaya che. pratyeka astitva saMpUrNapaNe svayaMpUrNa ane svataMtra che ane tethI nityatA, dravyatva ane ekyanA khyAlane utpanna karatA sAtatyanA khyAlane svIkAra ahIM karAto nathI. 3. bhedabheda : ahIM bheda ane abheda baMnenuM samarthana karavAmAM Ave che. baMne svataMtra rIte sata che ane baMne vacce saMbaMdha sthApita karavAmAM Ave che. nyAyanoSika darzanamAM sAmAnya ane vizeSa nAmaka be judA judA padArtho che. A baMne padArtho svataMtra ane ekabIjAthI saMpUrNa bhinna che. keIka viziSTa saMbaMdha dvArA sAmAnya ane vizeSa ekatrita thAya che. sAmAnya ekatAnuM sUcaka che ane vizeSa bhedanuM sUcaka che. vastunA bheda ane abhedanuM sAmAnya ane vizeSane lIdhe che. ekatAnI pratIti abhedane lIdhe che-sAmAnyane lIdhe che. sarve gAyomAM gatva sarvasAmAnya che ane tethI sarvemAM ekasamAna pratIti thAya che. A pratIti ekatAnI pratIti che. A ja rIte, sarve gAye vyakitagata rIte alaga paNa dekhAya che. temanuM potAnuM alaga alaga vyaktitva che. jAti ane vyakitane saMbaMdha ja bheda ane abhedanI pratIti che. baMne ekabIjAthI atyaMta bhinna che paraMtu samavAya saMbaMdhane lIdhe baMnenuM milana thatuM dekhAya che. vyakitamAM sAmAnya ane vizeSa baMne lakSaNenuM saMyojana thAya che. A rIte bheda ane abhedane bhina mAnanAra viziSTa saMbaMdha dvArA baMnenuM milana karAve che, paraMtu vAstavamAM baMnene bhinna mAne che. jAti ane vyakita kadI paNa alaga alaga prApta thatAM nathI, kAraNa ke teo ayutasiddha che. Ama chatAM baMne svataMtra ane ekamekathI atyaMta bhinna che. Ama ahIM bheda mukhya che ane abheda gauNa che. vAstavikatA sAmAnya. ane vizeSano samudAya che, vAstavika samanvaya nathI. vizeSika darzana mujaba eka tatva anya sarva tothI bhinna hovAnuM kAraNa vizeSa che. vAstavikatAmAM aMtargata koI paNa tava tenA mULamAM rahela viroSanI samaja dvArA ja vicArI zakAya che. samavAyanA saMzleSaka siddhAMtane lIdhe vazeSika darzana saMpUrNa bheda para bhAra mUkatA boddha darzanathI juduM paDe che. ahIM bheda' para bhAra che ane abheda dUrane rakhAyela che. * Stcherbastsky, Buddhist Logic, Vol. II, p. 282, f.

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jaina tattvavijJAna nyAya--kauzaSika vagere baudika para parAe sattA-vAstaviktA-ne phUTastha nitya mAne che. A paraMparA mujaba vAstavikatA haMmezAM ekarUpa che, temAM jarA paNa parivartananI sa MbhAvanA nathI. je parivartana pAme che te vAstavika hoI zake nahIM. temanA mate, sattAvAstavikatA sAmAnya' nAmaka eka bhinna padArtha che je haMmezAM eka rUpa rahe che, kUTastha nitya che, aparivartanazIla che. dvaitavAda svataMtra ane parataMtra evA vibhAgAmAM padArthonuM vibhAjana kare che te parathI te bhedanA siddhAMta para bhAra mUke che e taddana spaSTa che. Izvara eka mAtra. svataMtra vya che, jyAre jIvAtmA ane bhautika sRSTi Izvara para AdhArita che. dvaitavAda mujaba, jIvAtmA (ane sRSTi) IzvarathI bhinna che. jIvAtmA ane Izvara vaccenA mULabhUta bhedanI sthitinI samaja meAkSaprApti mATenI prAthamika AvazyaktA che. AtmAM te (brahmana) nathI ane 'tattvamasi'e mahAvAkaya jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA vaccenA bheda mukhyatve sUcave che. ahIM bheda mukhya che ane bheda abhedane mahattA. pradAna kare che. sAMkhyadarzanamAM puruSa ane prakRti vaccenA dvaitavAda jovA maLe che. puruSa ane prakRti vAstaviktAnAM be mahattvapUrNa para Mtu svata Mtra pAsAM che. prakRti gatizIla paraMtu acetana (jaDa) siddhAMta che, jyAre puruSa sthira para Mtu cetanamaya siddhAMta che. prakRti sarva parivartana mATe javAbadAra che. prakRti triguNAtmaka (sattva-rajas-tamasa ) che ane parivartana A traNa guNAnA vibhinna prakAranAM saMyojanAne AbhArI che. viAMbhana padArthonI utkrAMti ane temanA vilaya parivartananI vAstavikatA darzAve che. A rIte parivartana A danamAM vAstavika che. parivartananA pratyaya bhedanA khyAla sUcave che. Ane sAMkhya darzananA satkArya vAdanA siddhAMtanA sa MdarbhamAM samajI zakAya. A siddhAMta mujaba, pariNAma kAraNathI saMpUrNata: bhinna nathI; te prAra MbhathI ja kAraNamAM nihita che. kAraNa ane pariNAma vaccenA bheda e che ke pariNAma kAraNanI viziSTa prakAranI vyavasthA (saMsthAnabheda) che. kAraNa ane pariNAma vacce tevA maLatuM tAdAtmya-abhedanAM tattvane A darzInamAM eTalu badhu mahattva apAya che ke bhedanuM mahattva ghaTI jAya che. V 43 4, bheda-viziSTa abheda : zaMkaranA advaita vedAMtamAM bhedanA lApa thAya che, jyAre rAmAnujanA viziSTAdaMtamAM bhedane mananI kalpanAmAtra ane tethI bhrAmaka na mAnIne brahmana sAthe saMgar3hita karavAmAM Ave che. brahman advaita nathI, paraMtu jaTila samagra che ane temAM bheda

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jainadata -abheda, akaca-vaividhyanA samAveza thAya che. ahIM abheda mukhya che ane bheda gauNa che. rAmAnujanA tattvaya siddhAMtamAnAM acitta, citta ane Izvara e traNa tattvA samAna rIte sat ane vAstavika che, paraMtu prathama khe tattvA IzvarAzrita che. te svayaM dravya hovA chatAM Izvara sAthenA saMbaMdhanI dRSTie te tenA guNu banI jAya che. citta-acitta Izvaranu zarIra kahevAya che ane Izvara temanA AtmA che. A rIte Izvara ciciviziSTa che. citta ane citta IzvaranA zarIranuM nirmANa kare che ane tethI tenA Azrita che. A rIte, viziSTAdvaita mujaba, bhedanI sattA avazya che, paraMtu te abhedAzrita thaIne che, abheda mukhya che ane bheda tenA Azrita thaIne gauNurUpe che. bhedanuM sthAna svataMtra nathI paraMtu abheda para Azrita che. bheda parata tra che, abheda svataMtra. Ama, A darzInamAM abheda mukhya che ane bheda gauNa ane parAzrita che. ahIM abhedanu vizeSa mahattva che. bhedane sthAna tA che, paraMtu te abhedanA AdhAre TakI rahenAra tarIke che. brahman ahIM jaTila che ane temAM Izvara ane tenA Azrito (sRSTi ane jIvAtmAe) samAviSTa che. Izvara ane temanA Azrito (citta-acitta) vaccenA sabaMdha dravya ane tenA guNNA vaccenA sabaMdha jevA che. guNA svayaMne dravyathI svataMtra kAMI mahattva nathI, paraMtu jema zarIra AtmAthI bhinna che tema tee IzvarathI bhinna che. ** jaina darzanamAM bheda-abhedanA samanvaya : bhedaviziSTa abheda ane abheviziSTa bheda jaina mata uparIkta matothI bhinna che. bheda-abhedanA sAthe samanvaya jaina darzananI viziSTa deNagI che. jyAre ApaNe bhedAbhedavAdanI vyAkhyA karIe chIe tyAre tenA artha che : bhedaziSTa abheda ane abheviziSTa bheda. ane abheda bane samAna rIte sat che. jevI rIte abheda vAstavika che tevI ja rIte bheda paNa vAstavika che. tattvanI dRSTie je sthAna abhedanu che tevuM ja sthAna bhedanu che. bheda ane abheda bane evI rIte salagna che ke eka vinA anyanI prApti zakaya nathI. padArthamAM bannene avicchedya samanvaya che. jyAM bheda che tyAM abheda che; ane jyAM abheda che, tyAM bheda che. ahIM bheda ane abheda TAI viziSTa sabaMdha dvArA joDAyela nathI para Mtu te svabhAvathI ja paraspara sAjita che. pratyeka padArtha svabhAvathI ja sa!mAnya-vizeSAtmaka che-bhedAbhedAtmaka che-nityAnityAtmaka che. je sat che te bhedAbhedAtmaka che. vAstavikatA sAmAnya ane vizeSa bannene sAce samanvaya che. A samanvaya peAtAnAmAM bannenA samAveza kare che, chatAM pRthaka rIte ane saMyukta rIte banathI bhinna che.

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jaina taravavijJAna (1) vastu ke tattvane kevaLa abhedAtmaka kahevI ucita nathI, kAraNa ke kaI paNa abheda bheda vinA prApta thatI nathI. jyAM sudhI bheda kaI pramANa dvArA mizyA sAbita na thAya tyAM sudhI bhedane mithyA ke kalpanAmAtra kahI zakAya nahIM. pramANane AdhAra. anubhava che ane anubhava bhedane miththA sAbita karatA nathI. (2) e ja pramANe, ekAMta bhedane mAno paNa UMcata nathI, kAraNake je doSa. ekAMta abhedamAM che te ja deva ekAMta bhedamAM paNa che. (3) bheda temaja abhedane be svataMtra padArtho mAnavA paNa yogya nathI, kAraNa ke. alaga alaga prApta thatA nathI ane temane saMyejita karanAra ke anya padArtha paNa maLatuM nathI. temane joDanAra padArtha che ema mAnIe topaNa doSanuM nivAraNa thatuM nathI, kAraNake tene joDavA mATe eka anya padArthanI AvazyakatA raheze ane A rIte anavasthA doSa udabhave che. A paristhitimAM vastu svayaM ja bhedabhedAtmaka che ema kahevuM ja sarvathA gya che. vastu svayaM ja sAmAnya ane vizeSa che, bhinna ane abhinna che, eka ane aneka che, nitya ane kSaNika che. erisToTalanI mAnyatA paNa A ja prakAranI che. tenA mate, padArtha sAmAnya ane vizeSa bane che. koIpaNa sAmAnya vizeSa vinA ane koIpaNa vizeSa sAmAnya vinA prApta thatuM nathI. dravya sAmAnya ane vizeSa baMnene samanvaya che. koIpaNa vastu A baMne svarUpa vinA prApta thaI zakatI nathI. jainadarzanapraNita bhedabhedavAda padArthanA vAstavika svarUpane grahaNa kare che. A bhedabhedadraSTi anekAMtadaSTinuM eka rIte kAraNa che. be paraspara virodhI guNane eka ja padArthamAM ekI sAthe mAnavA e bhedabhedavAdane artha che. bheda ane abhedanI ekatrita sthiti vastunA svarUpane nAza karatI nathI, ke tene vAstavika svarUpamAM prakaTa kare che. bheda ane abhedanA saMbaMdhamAM paNa syAdvAdane ja prayoga karavo joIe. bheda ane abheda svAta-kathaMcita bhinna che ane svAta -kathaMcita abhinna che. jaina darzana vAstaviktAnI samaja arthe bheda temaja abheda baMnene samAna rIte mahatvapUrNa mAnIne tattvanA siddhAMtanA saMdarbhamAM baMne AtyaMtika sthitie varje che. A vibhinna tAttvika siddhAtonuM uparokta avalokana e hakIkata spaSTapaNe darzAve che ke vAstavikatAne zuddha advaita-anya sAthe ke kevaLa bheda sAthe ekarUpa karI zakAya nahIM. jaina darzana AvI nizcita sthitio vaje che. tenA mate, vAstavikatA eTalI jaTila che ke cokkasapaNe tenA svarUpane darzAvavuM muzkela che.

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jainadarzana jo Ama hoya teA vAstaviktAne viziSTa rIte TAvavAno artha joTalane saraLa karavAno thAya. vAstavikatAnuM jaTila svarUpa saraLa vidhAnomAM sapUrNa rIte prakaTa karI zakAya nahIM. jaina tattvajJanA mate, aikaya (ananyata-abheda), nityatA ane parivartana e sarve sAcAM ane vAstavika che. padmarAyAha sUcave che, "sarjana ane visarjana parivartananAM be pAsAM che ane tethI vAstavikatAnAM gatizIla pAsAM tarIke A anene ane nityatAne sthira pAsAM tarIke mAnI zakAya.* te tenA kathananA samarthanamAM iMdrabhUtinA prazno ane mahAvIranA uttare TAMke che. gaNadhara iMdrabhUtinA vAstavikatAnA svarUpa aMgenA praznano zrI mahAvIra prathama utpAda' zabda dvArA uttara Ape che ane A ja praznanuM kramika rIte punarAvata na thatAM te tyArabAda vyaya' ane dhrauvya' zabdo dvArA uttara Ape che. vAstavikatAnuM kALajIpUrvakanuM nirIkSaNa prakaTa kare che ke mAtra dravya ja nahIM paraMtu tenA parivata nazIla paryAya paNa vAstavika che. 4 jaina paraMparAno susaMgata vAstavavAda vAstavikatAmAM a Mtargata evA judA judA padArtho-dravyo--nI tenI carcAmAM pratibiMbita thAya che je aMge have ApaNe savistara vicAraNA karIzuM. 8. dravyanI saMkhyA (Number of Substance) : (a) eka dravya : saMgraha nayanI dRSTie, dravya eka che ane te sat che. A dRSTibiMduthI jaDa-cetana, eka-aneka, sAmAnya-vizeSa, guNu-paryAya e sarve eka ja che. A naya sarvatra abheda jue che ane bhedanI upekSA kare che. bhedAnI upekSAnA a bhedIno abhAva ke bhedanuM mithyAtva evA thatA nathI. dravya sat che' e aMge ApaNe AgaLa vizada carcA karela che. (kha) e dravya : jIva-ajIva : jaina tattvavijJAna vizvanuM vibhAjana va-ajIva evA e padArthomAM kare che. A baMne padArtho nitya, anAdi, sahaastitvamAna paraMtu svataMtra che. tArkika rIte te pUrNa vibhAjana-dUbhAjana che. jIvana ke cetanAnI dRSTie vizva ApaNane A e vizALa vagel-padArtho-dravyo-mAM vibhAjita thatuM jevA maLe che. dvaitavAdI dRSTibiMduthI, dravya jIva-ajIva evA be vargomAM pRthakakRta karI zakAya che. Padmarajiah, Y. J., Jaina Theories of Reality and Khowledge, p. 127. **

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jena tavavijJAna Anubhavika daSTie, jIva bhaktA che ane ajIva bhagya che. jIva cetanayukta che, jyAre ajIva cetanayukta nathI.Ama, cetanA ane cetanA-abhAva anukrame jIva ane ajIvanA sAcA mApadaMDa che. je cetanayukta dravya che te jIve che ane je cetanavihoNuM dravya che te ajIva che. (ka) cha ane vibhinna daSTie tenAM vana kAraNe: achava" dravya heThaLa, gugala, dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALa ema kula 5 dravyone samAveza thAya che. A pAMca ane jIva ema maLIne kula 6 dravya che. A cha dravyanA vibhinna dRSTie vargIkaraNa karavAmAM Ave che je nIce mujaba che : (1) rUpI-arUpI dravya bhagavatIsUtramAM dravyanuM dvividha vargIkaraNa jovA maLe che: (1) rUpI ane (2) arUpI. jJAnendriyathI sAmAnya rIte anubhavI zakAya te rUpI che ane na anubhavI zakAya te arUpI che. pugala Idriyo dvArA jeI-jANI zakAya che tethI te rUpI che, jyAre pudagala sivAyanA zeSa dravya-jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza ane addhA samaya (kALa) arUpI che. sparza-rasa-gaMdha-varNayukta hoya te rUpI che. A 4 guNe sAthe ja hoya che. pugalamAM A ja guNe che ane tethI te rUpI che. pudgala sivAyanA zeSa dravyamAM A guNane abhAva che ane tethI teo arUpI che. (2) citana, bhautika ane acetana-abhautika dravya "jene cetanA nathI paraMtu je sparzI zakAya che, AsvAdI zakAya che, joI zakAya che ane sUMghI zakAya che te ajIva che." Do. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNane achava'nI ApelI A vyAkhyA mAtra pugala (ajIvanA eka prakAra)ne ja lAgu paDe che, kAraNa ke upara darzAvyuM tema te ja mAtra rUpI dravya che. ajIva heThaLa pudgala uparAMta dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALane paNa samAveza thAya che. jIva cetanamaya dravya che. cetanA tenuM viziSTa lakSaNa che. mAtra pudagala ja bhautika-jaDa dravya che. tenAmAM cetanA nathI. jaina daSTie, a-cetana cetanAviheNuM) dravya anivAryapaNe bhautika (jaDa) dravya (=pudgala) nathI tema ja a-bhotika dravya anivAryapaNe cetanamaya dravya (=va) nathI. dharma, adharma, AkAza ane kALa e ja dravya a-cetana ane a-bhautika bane che. temanAmAM cetanA nathI paraMtu teo bhautika paNa nathI.

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jainadarzana (3) astikAya-astikAya dravyanA astikAya ane anatikAya evA be vargo paNa pADavAmAM Ave che. "astikAya" .bda "arita' (astitva hovuM) ane kAya' (=pradeza ke zarIra) evA be zabdone banelo che ane tene artha che jene astitva che ane pradeza (deha) che te. astikAya eTale vistArayukata dravya. alabatta, vistArane artha ahIM bhautika vistAra evuM thatuM nathI. vistAra aMgene jene khyAla advitIya che ane pazcimanA vAstavavAdI khyAla karatAM bhinna che. jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma ane AkAza e pAMca "astikAya che. jaina daSTie, A dravyane astitva che-sattA che tethI teo "ati (=vidyamAna) kahevAya che ane A dravyone aneka pradeza (avayavo) che ane tethI teo "kAya (aneka pradezanA samUha) kahevAya che. astikAyane artha pradeza-bahutva che. A ka nitya che, anAdi che, kadamAM sUkSma ke virATa che. astikAya avakAza sAthe saMbaMdhita astitvamAna vAstavikatA che. bhautika vastuo avakAza sAthe saMbaMdhita che e tadana spaSTa che. pradeza eTale pugalanA eka avibhAjya paramANu dvArA AcchAdita hoya evo avakAza(dipha)ne eka bhAga. pulane eka paramANu jeTaluM AkAza (sthAna) reke che te pradeza' kahevAya. A eka pradezanuM parimANa che. pradeza dikanuM sUkSmatama ekama che. kAya" pradezayukta vastune apAyeluM zAstrIya nAma che. A rIte, je dravyamAM aneka pradezo hoya te "astikAya' kahevAya che. A pradezamAM mAtra pugalanA ja paramANuo nahIM paraMtu anya dravyanAM to paNa, samAviSTa che. A rIte, dareka dravyane pitAnA pradeza che. jIva, pudgala, dharma ane AkAza e badhAne asaMkhya pradeza che ane tethI teo "astikAya che. temanAmAM avibhAjya aMzane samAveza thAya che. bIjA zabdomAM, A badhA dravyonAM ta- aMze alaga pADI zakAya tevA nathI, paraMtu teo mizrita che ke mizrita thaI zake tevA che. A aneka pradezayukta dravya (astikAya) akhaMDa dravya nathI paNa temanAmAM aneka svataMtra pradeza che. . kALa (addhAsamaya) anatikAya che. tene koI pradeza nathI. te ja mAtra akhaMDa dravya che. tenAM taaMze kadI saMjita thatAM nathI ane pariNAme tenuM pratyeka tattva viziSTa pradeza roke che tethI kALa ekAkI pradeza che.

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jaina taviAna (4) cha dravyAnA saMdarbhamAM vibhinna vagI karaNAnA sArAMza 1. jIva : arUpI, cetanayukta, abhautika, astikAya 2. pudgala H rUpI, acetana, bhautika, astikAya 3. dharma : arUpI, acetana, abhautika, astikAya (gatinuM mAdhyama) 4. adhama : arUpI, acetana, amautika, astikAya (sthitinu mAdhyama) 5. AkAza H arUpI, acetana, amautika, astikAya (dinuM svarUpa) 6. addA samaya H arUpI, acetana, abhautika, anastikAya (kALa) 9. dravyanuM tAttvika vagI karaNa : SaDdraye! : tAttvika padArthA : (Meta physical Classification of Substance : Six Substances : Metaphysical Categories) : have SaDadrabyAmAMnA pratyeka dravya aMge savistara oIzuM. 1. jIva (SOUL) (a) jIvanuM svarUpa (Nature of Soul) : cetanA jIvanuM viziSTa lakSaNa che--ceTamAM sakSaLo jhIH| jIva tattvata H cetanayukta che. te pratyakSa rIte kartA ane bheAktA che. jIvamAM cetanAnuM lakSaNa che ane tethI te sukha-duHkhane AdhIna che. A rIte te sakriya che. taduparAMta, cetanA svayaM sakriya che. cetanA jJAna ke buddhi sUcave che. jIva tenA dvArA thatAM sarve kameniA pratyakSa bhoktA che. jIva arUpI che ane khAdya padArtha nathI ane tethI iMdriyo dvArA tenu pratyakSIkaraNa thatuM nathI, paraMtu tenuM jJAna AMtaranirIkSaNa ane anumAna dvArA zakaya che. jaina darzananI zAstrIya paribhASAmAM A cetanA mAdha' kahevAya che. jyAre A khAdha-cetanA amuka Dhabe utkrAMta thAya che-vikAsa pAme che tyAre te jJAna bane che, jJAna ane darzana jIvamAM aMtargata che. tenuM AMtarika svarUpa pUrNatAnuM che, para Mtu ka -pudgala sAthe jIva sa MbaMdhita hovAne lIdhe samyag jJAna ane samyag na pracchanna che ane tethI jIvanamukti prApta karavA jIva mATe karma-pudgalane alaga karavuM Avazyaka bane che. jIva ekamAtra jJAtA che. cetanA tenuM Avazyaka lakSaNa che ane tene savikalpaka-nirvikalpaka jJAna prakArAnI prApti mATe zaktimAna banAve che. huM naNuM chuM, meja jANatuM nathI. pena potAnA astitva aMge ke me' tenA karelA upayoga aMge sabhAna nathI. mArA lekhananI tArIkha ke mAsa paNa sAna nathI. pudgala, dharme, adha, AkAza ane kALa cetanavahANA che. svabhAvathI pratyeka jIva zuddha-jIdda-mukta che, anaMta je. 4 49

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50 jainadarzana guNayukta che, sarvazakitamAna che, sarvajJa che. karma sAthenA jIvanA samAgamane lIdhe jIvanAM A lakSaNe nAza pAmatAM na hovA chatAM AcchAdita bane che ane pariNAme jIvanI 'bAhya pratimA' tenI AMtarika bhavyatAne khoTuM rUpa Ape che. kAkAzamAM jIvonI saMkhyA anaMta che. teo sarakhA ane nitya che, Adi ane aMta vinAnA che. jaina darzana mujaba, jIvamAM astitva, cetanA, upaga, kartRtva, bhetRtva, prabhutva, dehaparimANu ane amUrtatva vagere guNa che. astitvanI daSTie, sarva tattavo-padArtho samAna che, paraMtu mUlyanI daSTie AtmA sauthI adhika mUlyavAna che. tethI ja ema kahevAmAM Ave che, "je AtmAne jANe che te sarva kaI jANe che." vizvamAM jInI saMkhyA anaMta-anizcita che ane cha ekamekathI pRthaka che, svataMtra che. Ama chatAM te anya jIva ane dravya sAthe saMbaMdhamAM che. dareka jIva asaMkhya pradezayukta che. te sarvavyApI nathI. tenuM kada nizcita nathI, kAraNa ke jIva svadeha-parimANa che. jIva samaya pUrato ja deha sAthe saMbaMdhita thAya che tyAre te te zarIranA parimANa anusAra prasaraNa-saMkocana pAme che. A rIte jIve saMkocazIla-vikAsazIla che. jIvanA asaMkhya pradeza kIDA jevA nAnA zarIramAM saMkocAIne rahe che ane hAthI jevA mahAkAya zarIramAM vikAsa pAmIne rahe che. pradezonA saMkocana-prasaraNa dvArA jIva dIpakanA prakAzanI jema nAnA-moTA oraDAnA avakAzane bharI de che. jIvanamAM anya lakSaNonI jema tenuM binaavakAzIya lakSaNa paNa pudgala sAthenA tenA sAhacaryane lIdhe asara pAme che. A rIta, jaina darzana anya bhAratIya darzanamAM svIkRta evA jIvana aparivartanIya svarUpane InkAra kare che. Ama chatAM jIvane mULa svarUpamAM parivartana thatuM nathI. anya koI bhAratIya darzana dehasamAna jIvanA kadanA siddhAMtane svIkAratA nathI ane AtmAnA kada aMgenA jaina khyAlanI AkarI TIkA kare che. vAdidevasUri AtmA-jIva-nA svarUpanuM kathana nIce mujaba kare che: "AtmA pratyakSa vagere pramANothI siddha che. te cetanasvarUpa che, pariNAmI che, kartA che, sAkSAta bhoktA che, svadehaparimANa che, pratyeka zarIramAM bhinna che, pudgalakarmayukta che." (pramANana tavAleka-7.55-56) (ba) AmA ke jIvanA astitva mATenI sAbitIo (Proofs for Existence of Soul ) : jaina taravavijJAna "AtmA ane jIva' zabda samAna arthamAM vApare che. jIva baMdhanayukata AtmA che ane AtmA zuddha jIva che. jenA mate, jIva jJAtA.

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jaina taravavijJAna pa1 ane bhoktA bane che. AtmAnuM astitva jJAtA ane bhaktAnuM astitva che. jene AtmAnuM astitva nIce mujaba puravAra kare cheH (1) padArthone jJAtA bhautika zarIra nathI, paraMtu anya kaMIka che. zarIra jaDa che ane kaMIpaNa jANI zake nahIM. mana ane Idi jJAtA hoI zake nahIM, kAraNa ke jJAtA manane temaja indriyane jJAtA paNa che ane jJAtA svayaM seya hoI zake nahIM. (2) Idri, deva ane mananI pravRttionA mArgadarzaka ane niyAmaka tarIke kaIka che ane A AtmA che. (3) niyAmaka tarIke AtmA sakriya hovo joIe ane te mAtra pravRttine niSkriya nirIkSaka hovo joIe nahIM. je te pravRttione kartA na hoya to te duSkarmonA pApathI asara pAmaze nahIM ane je te asaramukta rahe te kaI naitika niyamanI ane mukita mATenA saMgrAmanI koI AvazyakatA rahe nahIM. (4) AtmA duSkarmonA pApathI kharaDAya che ane satkarmonA puNyanAM phaLa bhagave che ane tethI te bhakatA che. (ka) vanAM vibhina daSTie vagara karaNe (classifications of soul from Various View-points) : (1) cAra vibhinna gatie mujaba jIvanuM vagIkaraNa: jIva' zabda jaina darzanamAM mAtra mAnavAtmA pUrato sImita nathI. te cetanane sAmAnya siddhAMta nirdeza che. cetanA astitvanI cAra gatiomAM jovA maLe che. astitvanI vibhinna gatio vyakti karatI judI judI cetana-kakSAo nIce mujaba che : 1. devatA 2. mAnavI 3. tiryaMca ane 4. nArakI jaina graMtha ane jaina derAsaromAM haMmezAM jovA maLatI svastika (gu + ati + 4 = kalyANa) sattA jIvanI vibhinna gatio (tabakkAo) sUcave cheH 1 deva gati 2. manuSya gati 3. tiryaMca gati 4. naraka gati. 1 devatA 2 manuSyone JU3 tiryaMca 4 nArakI

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jainadarzana kSaNabhara nArakI avasthAne cheDI daIe te ema darzAvI zakAya ke anya avasthAe (tabakkAo) e pragatizIla sopAne vyakta kare che ke jemAMthI jIva pUrNatA prApta karyA pahelAM pasAra thAya che. jIva-utkrAMtinAM A vibhinna sopAnene "paryAya" tarIke nirdezavAmAM Ave che. A pratyeka tabakkAmAM chava vAstavika parivartanomAMthI pasAra thAya che. Ama chatAM tenI tAdAmyatA jArI rahe che-tene lopa thato nathI. parivartana e janma-vikAsa-mRtyu-nI hakIkatomAM daSTigocara thAya che. (2) zuddha (siddha) ane azuddha (saMsArI) jIvaprakAre (Pure (Liberated) and Impure (Worldly) Types of Soul ) sAmAnya rIte jIvanA saMsArI ane siddha (mukta) evA be bheda-prakAra pADavAmAM Ave che. saMsAramAM bhramaNa karatA cha saMsArI kahevAya che. "saMsAra" zabda samU upasargapUrvaka "su" dhAtu parathI banelo che. " dhAtune artha bhramaNa thAya che. "sa" upasarga te ja arthanuM samarthana kare che. 84 lAkha yonimAM athavA cAra gatiomAM paribhramaNa karavuM te saMsAra ane temAM paribhramaNa karanArA sasArI kahevAya che. saMsArane vaLagelA cha saMsArI kahevAya che. karmabaddha avasthA saMsArI jIvonuM lakSaNa che. kamapAzathI baddha chava saMsArI che, jyAre karmazanya jIva mukta che. saMsArI jIvo jagatanI vyakitaonA baMdhanayukta AtmAo-cho che ane janma-maraNanI ghaTamALane AdhIna che. muktAtmAo baMdhanAvasthAmAM nathI, temaNe pUrNa zuddhi prApta karela che. karma sAthenA sAhacaryane lIdhe jIva baddha bane che ane jIvanuM svAbhAvika saccidAnaMdasvarUpa AcchAdita thaI jAya che. karma sAthe jIvanuM saMyojana azuddhinuM cihna manAya che ane tethI baMdhAvasthAmAM jIva azuddha che samasta karmone kSaya karI mokSaprApti thatAM jIva zuddha bane che. jevI rIte khANamAMthI prApta thayela azuddhiothI AcchAdita ratnane jyAre zuddha karavAmAM Ave che ane tene kApavAmAM Ave che tyAre te jhaLahaLe che tevI rIte karmabaMdhamAM jakaDAyelA azuddha jIvanI jaMjIra jyAre tUTe che tyAre te nirvANavasthA prApta kare che ane zuddha sthitimAM te pUrNa jJAnazakita-AnaMdayukta bane che. zuddha-azuddha evA jIvanA be prakAra che, paraMtu A baMne ekamekathI saMpUrNa rIte judA nathI e hakIkata A baMne prakAranA guNonI nIce darzAvela tulanA dvArA spaSTa thAya che.

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jaina tattvavijJAna tulanA: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. azuddha jIva bhoktA che, jyAre zuddha jIva zabdanA pUrNa arthamAM bhoktA che, te sarvoparI AnaMda mANe che. azuddha jIva svadehaparimANu che, jyAre zuddha saMpUrNa paNe mUrtimaMta thAya che. AdhyAtmika svarUpa 7. azuddha jIva arUpI (amUrta) che, chatAM ka-zarIra sAthe sa McAjita thAya che; jyAre zuddha jIva karyuM-zarIranA nAza thatAM mUrta rUpathI saMpUrNa rIte vacita thAya che. azuddha jIva ha MmezAM kama sAthe sabaddha che, jyAre zuddha jIva ka zarIrakSaya thatAM karmothI pUrNa paNe mukata che. azuddha jIvane sarva jIvana-siddhAMtA sAthenu jIvana che, jyAre mukta jIva zuddha ane pUrNa AtmA che. .. 9. azuddha jIva maryAdita pramANamAM cetanA dharAve che, jayAre zuddha jIva pUrNa, amaryAdita cetanA che. azuddha jIva prahaSNu ane samaja mATenuM sAmarthya dharAve che, jayAre zuddha jIvanA grahaNa ane samaja pUrNatayA vikAsa pAme che ane ane paraspara tAdAtmya sAdhe che. azuddha jIvamAM jIvana dvArA astitvanI vibhinna gatie dhAraNa karavAnuM sAmarthya che, jyAre zuddha jIva pUrNa sArvabhaumatva mANe che. aNu-saMsArI jIvamAM karma karavAnI zakti che, saMpa-svAtaMtrya che ane kartA tarIke oLakhAya che, jyAre siddha jIvanuM kapara saMpUrNa prabhutva che ane tethI te zabdanA sAcA arthamAM kartA che. zaka jIvanuM jIvanA be prakArAnA guNAnI uparAMta tulanA spaSTapaNe darzAve che ke zuddha jIva azuddha jIva karatAM taddana bhinna ke viruddha nathI. (3) iMdriyAnI sakhyAne AdhAre saMsArI jIvanuM vargIkaraNa : 1. tiya ca : (Animal State of Existence) : sthAvara-grasa prakArA : jIvanA Anuvika svarUpamAM anekavidharIte vargIkaraNa karavAmAM Ave che. A vargIkaraNA bhinna bhinna kakSAe nirdeza che. azuddha ( sa MsArI ) jIvanA e prakAre nIce mujaba che. 1. sthAvara ke acala ane 2. sa ke cala. sukha-prApti ane duHkha-nivAraNanI pravRtti, gati jyAM na dekhAya te sthAvara prakAranA jIva che; jyAre AvI gati jyAM dekhAya te trasa prakAranA jIva che. sthAvara

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pa4 jainadarzana jIva ekandriya prakAranA che ane te mAtra sparza saMvedana dharAve che, jyAre trasa prakAranA cha be thI pAMca Idriye dharAve che. A baMne prakAranA peTAprakAra nIce mujaba che. (a) sthAvara jIvanA pAMca prakAro ane tenAM udAharaNe 1. pRthvIkAya ? dhULa, mATI, retI, pathara, dhAtuo (letuM, tAMbu, cAMdI, hIrA, vagere), siriyA. 2. apa(jaLa)kAya ? jaLa, osabiMdu, barapha, dhummasa. tejaskAya : vALA, kelase, kharatA tArA, vIjaLI. 4. vAyukAyaH dhImI havA, teja havA, vAnI jhaDI, vaMTALiye vanaspatikAya : lasaNa, DuMgaLI (dhaNunA eka ja sAmAnya zarIra), tRNa, vRkSa (sarvenAM alaga alaga zarIra) A pratyekanA paNa sUkSma ane bAdara (dhULa) evA bheda pADavAmAM Ave che. prathama prakAra atyaMta sUkSma havAthI cakSu dvArA joI zakAto nathI, jyAre bIje prakAra joI zakAya che. (ba) trasa jIvanA cAra prakAra ane udAharaNe: 1. dvi-Idriya (sparza -rasa) : kIDI, chIpa, zaMkha ja, aLaziyAM, kRmi para, jaLa vagere tri-Idriya (sparza-rasa-gaMdha) : mAMkaDa, kIDI, maMkoDA, dhImela vagere 3. caturiMdriya (sparza-rasa-gaMdha-daSTi)H mAkhI, madhamAkhI, macchara, karoLiyo, tIDa, vIMchI, vagere. 4. paMcendriya (sparza-rasa-gaMdha-daSTi-zravaNa) : siMha, vAgha, mAnavI deva vagere. paMcendriya jIvanA prakAraH (1) svargamAM rahetA devatAo, (2) manuSya, (3) tiryaMca (pazu, paMkhI, maccha, sApa, naLiyA, vagere) ane (4) nAraka bhUminA nArake evA 4 bheda paMcendriya jIvone pADavAmAM Ave che. (1) mAchalI, hela jevAM jaLacara prANIo, (2) hAthI, ghaDA jevAM bhUcara (sthaLacara) prANIo ane (3) vAyu ke AkAzamAM rahenAra nabhacara paMcendriyanAM udAharaNa che.

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jaina tatvavijJAna - karoDarajuvALA prANIo paMcendriya che. paMcendriya jInA be prakAre che : (1) garbhaja (garbha dvArA utpana. dA. ta. bakarI, gheTA, siMha, vAgha, hAthI vagere) ane (2)samUchima (garma vinA sahaja rIte utpanna. dA.ta., devo). AmAMnA prathama prakAranA cho buddhiyukta che. uccatara prANIo, mAna, deve vagere "mana" dharAve che ane tethI teo "saMjhina" (samanaska-buddhiyukta) kahevAya che; jyAre nimnakakSAnA prANIone mana nathI ane tethI teo a-saMjhina (a-manaska) kahevAya che ane teo vRttiyukta che. tatvArthasUtra buddhiyukta-prANIonI vyAkhyA "AMtara-dadriyayukta-samanaska tarIke kare che. 2. astitvanI mAnavanasthiti (The Human state of Existence): mAnavajAtanA nIcenA be vibhAgo pADavAmAM Ave che: (1) kAIka arthamAM nibaLa hoya tevA mAnava arthAt je mAnavomAM sarve iMdriya ane mAnasika zaktione suvikAsa tha na hoya evA mAnava ane (2) sarve dri ane mAnasika zaktio suvikasita hoya evA mAno. bIjA vibhAganA manuSya mekSaprAptinI bAbatamAM atyaMta lAbhaprada sthitimAM che, kAraNa ke Atma- zista mokSa-mukti mATenI AvazyaktA che ane te bIjA prakAranI vyaktio mATe ja zakya che. A rIte ahIM ApaNane janma-mRtyunA cakrAvAmAMthI mukti mATenI AkAMkSA prati mAnava vyaktine vALavA mATe paNa sArI-svastha zArIrika ane mAnasika sthitinI AvazyaktAne svIkAra jovA maLe che. kathaLeluM svAstha ke daurbalya ke kharAba mAnasika svAzya hoya tyAre mAnasika samatulA (naitika taiyArI mATenI anivArya zarata) zakya nathI. 3. deva rithati Urvaloka (The celestial state) : mAnava vyaktionI tulanAmAM devo dIrdhAyu che ane zubha karmayagathI AnaMdanI vibhinna avasthAe bhegave che. jenI daSTie, devatvanI sthiti "aMtima sthiti' nathI. devo paNa mukta jIva nathI, teo AnaMdanI anaMta sthiti bhogavatA nathI ke janma-mRtyunI ghaTamALathI para nathI. teo paNa temanAM karmo anusAra prANuo tarIke ke mAnava vyakti tarIke punarjanma le che. jyAre karmo paripUrNa thAya che tyAre astitvanI temanI sthitine paNa aMta Ave che. teo manuSya karatAM e rIte judA paDe che ke astitvanI temanI sthitino aMta lAvavA mATe mRtyunuM koI nizcita kAraNa nathI. daivI astitvanI lAkSaNiktA e che ke temanI zArIrikamAnasika zaktio saMpUrNataH vikasita hoya che. keTalIka bAbatomAM devo manuSya

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janadarzana jevA ja hAtha che. manuSyanI jema, temane paNa viSayavAsanA che. chatAM viSayavAsanAnA saMtoSanI rItiomAM judA judA de judA paDe che. devone vIrya khalanA nathI, devIone garbhadhAraNa nathI. deva mAtAnI kukhe janmatA nathI, paraMtu teo eka vizeSa prakAranI zayyA para janma le che. teo garbha ja nathI. temanuM mithuna mAnasika sukha-saMbhogamAtra hoya che. daivI vyaktionA cAra prakAre ? davenA ja prakAre nIce mujaba che: (1) bhavanavAsIH A deve sauthI nIcenI kakSAnA mAnavAmAM Ave che ane temanuM 10 peTA vargomAM vibhAjana karavAmAM Ave che: 1. asurakumAra, 2. nAgakumAra, 3. vidyutakumAra, 4. suparNakumAra, 5. agnikumAra, 6. vAtakumAra, 7. svanitakumAra, 8. udadhikumAra, 9, dIpakumAra ane 10. dikumAra. teo temanAM vastrAbhUSaNe, zastrAstro, vAhana vagerethI yuvAna dekhAtA hovAthI kumAra kahevAya che. (2) vyaMtaraH A devo traNe lokamAM vasatA hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. teo saMpUrNa rIte mukta nathI e hakIkta teo mAnava vyaktionI sevA kare che te parathI spaSTa thAya che. temanA 8 peTAvargo che : (1) kinnara, (2) kimburuSa, (3) mahAraga (4) gaMdharva, (5) yakSa, (6) rAkSasa, (3) bhUta, ane (8) pizAca. (3) jatiSka : A devA 5 jUthamAM vibhAjita thAya che ane teo sUryo, caMdra, graha, nakSatro ane tArAonuM pratinidhitva kare che. mAtra manuSya sRSTi mATe ja teo satata gatizIla sthitimAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. sUrya-caMdranA bahatvanA saMbaMdhamAM jaina siddhAMtanI lAkSaNikatA mATe spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka che. khAsa karIne jabudvIpamAM (madhyalokamAMnA) be sUryo ane be caMdro hovAnuM manAya che. samayavibhAjana A jayotirmaya devonI gatithI ja nirdhArita thAya che. bhUmi taLathI mAMDI madhya lokanA aMtaravartI vizALa AkAzamAM jatiSka vase che. (4) vaimAnika vaimAnika devonA be prakAre che : (1) ko55na: ka95 eTale IMdra vagere pada hoya che evA svarga(devanuM nivAsasthAna)mAM janma lenAra ane (2) kalpAtItaH ahIM pada-vibhAjana nathI. vaimAnika de jatiSka devo. karatAM paNa upara UrvalokamAM vase che. sumerU parvatanA zikharathI Urvalakane Ara bha thAya che.

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jene tavavijJAna pa7 4. nAraka (The Infernal state of Existence) narakavAsI jI nAraka ke nArakInA nAme oLakhAya che. A narakamAM janmela jIvanA astitvanI sthiti che. ahIM atizaya tApa, zItaLatA, sudhA-tRSA, dardane lIdhe saMtApa thAya che. dhRNu temanuM svAbhAvika lakSaNa che ane te temane kharAba vicAre piSavA ane anyane du:kha ApavA prere che. nArake pRvI heThaLanA ekanI nIce eka ema 7 pradezamAM vase che. jema jIva pRthvIthI vadhAre UMDA pradezamAM vase che tema tene dekhAva vadhAre bihAmaNe bane che ane tenI yAtanAo paNa asahya bane che. prathama 3 narake garama hovAnuM manAya che, tyArabAdanA 2 garama-ThaMDA baMne ane chellA 2 ThaMDA hovAnuM manAya che. manuSya ane tiryaMce (pazu, paMkhI, maccha, sApa, neLiye vagere) madhyalakamAM vase che. deva UrvakamAM vase che ane nArakI adhelokamAM. Ama, vizva 3 bhAgamAM vibhakta che. madhyalokamAM asaMkhya dvIpe ane samudro che. jaMbudvIpa badhA pomAM mukhya che. jabudIpa sUryamaMDaLanA jevo goLAkAra che ane tenI vaccecce meru parvata che. lavaNoda mahAsAgara jabuddIpanI AsapAsa uchaLe che. mahAsAgara paNa anya mahAdIpothI gherAyeluM che. jaMbudvIpanAM 7 kSetromAMnuM eka bharatakSetra che. samApana: jIvanI upara varNavela 4 sthitio (tiryaca-mAnava-deva-nAraka) nimnatama prANathI mAMDIne pUrNatAnA sarvocca sapAna (jemAM cetanAnI zuddhi punaH prApta thAya che te-ane A sAmAnya mAnavakakSAthI spaSTapaNe atyaMta UMcuM che te) paryata cetanAnuM sAtatya darzAve che. cetanAnA AvA jaina siddhAMta pAchaLa tarka e che ke keIpaNa tabake kaIpaNa jIva tiraskAragya ke durlakSa karavA gya nathI. mAnava-astitvanI sthiti pUrNatA pratyene vacagALAne tabakko che e mULabhUta satyanuM prAyaH vismaraNa thAya che. pariNAma e Ave che ke mAnavane eTaluM badhuM mahattva ApavAmAM Ave che ke mAnavetara cha prati saMpUrNa rIte durlakSa karavAmAM Ave che. cetanAnA sAtatyanA tarkazAstra sAthe cetanAne jaina siddhAMta jIvana mATenA Adara para bhAra mUke che. darzanane artha tattvane sAkSAtkAra ke upalabdhi che. AtmA sarvemAM mukhya tava che. "je AtmAne jANI le che te sarvane jANI le che ema eTalA mATe

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58 jainana ja kahevAmAM AvyuM che. astivanI dRSTie, sarve taaA samAna hovA chatAM mUlyanI dRSTie AtmA vizeSa mUlyavAna che. mUlyanA nirNayanA AdhAra AtmA para ja che. 2. pudgala (PUDGALA OR MATTER) (1) prAstAvika (Introductory) vAstavavAda mujaba, bhautika vAstavikatA ane AdhyAtmika vAstavikatA ekamekathI svataMtra ane alaga che. bhautika vAMstavikatA tenA astitva mATe mana-- vicAra-cetanA para AdhArita nathI, te vicAra jeTalI ja vAstavika che. jaina darzana vAstavavAdI darzana che ane te jaDatattvanI svata Mtra ane alaga hastImAM mAne che. jaDatattva mATe ahIM 'pudgala' zabda prayAAya che. pudgala pAMca ajIva padArthomAMne eka che. pudgala ke bhautika (jaDa) padArtho anAdi, avinAzI ane vAstavika che. AthI jaina dRSTie, bhautika sAMSTa kalpanAnA taraMga nathI, paraMtu nakkara vAstavikatA che, pratyakSIkaraNa karanAra manathI svataMtra rIte astitvamAna che. (2) pudgalane artha (Meaning of Pudgala) 'pudgala' zabda 'pu' ane 'gala' zabdanA banelA che. 'pu' eTale pUraNa-vRddhi-saMyojana ane 'gala' eTale galana-hAsa-viyejana. Ama, 'pudgala' eTale sayeAjana-viyeAjana dvArA athavA vRddhi-hAsa dvArA bhinna bhinna rIte parivartana pAmatuM dravya. sa Myojana-viyeAjana prakriyA mAtra puddagalamAM ja thAya che, anya dravyamAM nahIM. A prakriyA dvArA pudgalanuM eka svarUpa anya svarUpamAM parivartana pAme che. jaDa padArtha mATe 'pudgala' zabdanI pasaMdagI arthapUrNa ane sArthaka che. paramANunA sa MzleSa--vizleSa (sa Myojana-viyojana) dareka mUrta vastumAM thAya che e anubhava siddha hakIkata che. te jaina darzananI vAstavavAdI sthiti daDhIbhUta kare che eTaluM ja nahIM para Mtu vAstavikatA-sattvanA gatizIla (dynamic) khyAla paNa prakaTa kare che. pudgala pAMcendriyo (tvacA-jIbha-nAka-AMkha-kAna) dvArA anubhavI zakAya evuM dravya che. A pudgalanI khIjI vyAkhyA che. C (3) puddagalanA guNA (Characteristics of Matter or Pudgala) : pudgala rUpI' dravya che. temAM 4 guNA (lakSaNA), che: 1. spardhA (touch), 2. rasa (taste), 3. gaMdha (smell) ane rUpa ke varNa (colur). pudgalanA pratyeka paramANu A cAra guNayukta ane A guNalakSaNa-nA nIce mujabanA 20 bheda-prakAra che. vAstavamAM A pratyekanu asa Mkhya-anaMta bhedAmAM vibhAjana

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jaina tatvavijJAna 59. zakaya che. zabda (ni) paNa padagalika che ane te zravaNendriya-kAna dvArA grahaNa thAya che. 1. spazanA 8 bheda: mRdu-kaThaNu, guru (bhAre)-laghu (haLavuM), zIta-Ni, snigdha-rUkSa. A sarve sparzendriya (tvacA) dvArA jJAta thAya che. 2. 25nA 5 bheda tIkhe, kaTu (kaDavo), khATe, madhura ane kaSAya (tare). A badhAnuM jJAna rasendriya (jillA) dvArA prApta thAya che. . 3, gadhanA 2 bheda sugaMdha ane durgadha. A guNanuM jJAna dhrANendriya (nAka) dvArA thAya che. 4. va(rU5) nA 5 bhedaH nIla (vAdaLI), pIta (pI), zukala (ta), kRSNa (kALe) ane lAla. A guNonuM jJAna nendriya (AMkha) dvArA thAya che. (4) pudagalanuM jJAna (Knowledge of Pudgala) : pula paMcendriya dvArA anubhavI zakAya evuM dravya che. pudgalanI vyAkhyA A rIte paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. Indri dvArA prApta jJAna bAhya sRSTi aMgenuM che. pratyeka indriya bAhya sRSTinuM eka prakAranuM jJAna daSTAne ApavA zaktimAna che ane tethI sarve indri dvArA prApta jJAna bAhya sRSTinAM vibhinna pAsAM vyakta kare che. dA. ta. cakSu bAhya sRSTinA padArthonA raMga ane AkAra aMgenI mAhitI Ape che. e ja pramANe, tvacA (sparzendriya) padArthanI mRdutA-kaThaNutA aMge mAhitI Ape che. anya idri paNa sRSTinAM anya pAsAM aMge paricaya Ape che. anubhava bAhya sRSTi sAthe saMparka sthApe che ane anubhavanA viSaya. tarIke pudgala daSTA samakSa sRSTinuM svarUpa prakaTa kare che ane A rIte pugalanI A vyAkhyAnI agatya e che ke te jaina darzanane vAstavavAdI abhigama asaMdigdhapaNe spaSTa kare che. (5) pugalanAM mukhya rUpe prakAre paramANu ane skaMdha (Chief Forms-Kinds of Pudgala : Atom and Molecule) pugalanA be rUpa (prakAro) che: 1. paramANu (atom) ane 2. skaMdha (molecule). (a) paramANu (Atom) paramANu eTale sUkSma che ke temAM Adi, madhya ane aMta jevA vibhAge nathI paraMtu A traNe eka ja che. je dravya svayaM Adi, madhya ane aMta che

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jenadarzana tema ja avibhAjya che te paramANu kahevAya che. paramANu yugalanA vibhAjana dvArA prApta zakaya sUkSmatama bhautika aMza che. paramANu idri dvArA agrAhya cheadaSTa che, chatAM te "arUpI nathI paNa "rUpI" che. paramANuonuM saMvedana che, paraMtu ApaNe tenAthI sabhAna nathI arthAta ApaNane paramANuonuM pratyakSIkaraNa nathI. te pugalanuM aMtima ghaTaka che, mULa tattva che. jenA mate, paramANu abhedya, agrAhya, adAhya ane niravayava che. nyAya-vazeSika darzananA paramANuonI jema, paramANuonI vacce ahIM koI guNAtmaka bheda nathI ane tethI ahIM pRthvI, pANI, agni ane vAyunA paramANuo bhinna ane alaga nathI. paramANumAM eka rasa (svAda), eka rUpa (varNa), eka gaMdha ane sparzanA paraspara virodhI na hoya evA be prakAre hoya che. paramANumAM vRni nathI, kAraNa ke dhvani (zabda) mATe aneka paramANuonI AvazyakatA che. (ba) sarkala (Molecule) skaMdha paramANuonA saMyojananI prakriyA dvArA ubhave che. skaMdha dazyamAna che, Idriya dvArA jANI zakAya che. paramANuonuM pratyakSIkaraNa skaMdha svarUpe ja zakya che ane tenA AdhAre ja paramANuone "rUpI" mAnavAmAM Ave che. skaMdha ja pudgalAstikAya che. mAtra bheda ( vijana), mAtra saMghAta ( saMjana) ke ekI sAthe vijana-saMjananI saMyukta prakriyA dvArA skaMdhanI racanA zakaya che. paramANuonuM -saMyojana sakaMdha utpanna kare che ane skaMdhenuM saMjana padArtho. nAnAmAM nAne skaMdha be paramANuonuM saMyojana che ane moTAmAM mATe sakaMdha anaMtAnaMta paramANuonuM saMyejana che. skaMdhe sparza-rasa-gaMdha-rUpa guNa dharAve che ane temane lIdhe ja ApaNe vibhinna guNanuM pratyakSIkaraNa karIe chIe. (ka) paramANu ane AMdha vacce taphAvata (Distinctiom between Atom and Molecule) 1. paramANuonuM vibhAjana azakya che ane teo saMyejita thaIne skaMdha utpanna karavA ja zaktimAna che. skaMdhanuM vibhAjana zakya che ane temanuM rUpAMtara paramANuomAM zakya che eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu temanA paraspara saMjana dvArA judA judA padArtho utpanna thAya che. 2. paramANuo Idri dvArA agrAhya che, teo adaSTa che; jyAre skaMdha daSTa che ane ikiye dvArA jANI zakAya che. 3. paramANuo vacce guNAtmaka bheda nathI, jyAre skaMdhe sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa ane zabdanA lakSaNayukta che.

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jaina tavavijJAna (Da) skaMdhanAM cha rUpe : pudagalanA cha peTA prakAre : (Six Forms of Skandha : Six Sub-classes of Matter) : vijJAna padArthanI traNa sthiti darzAve che: 1. ghana 2. pravAhI, ane 3. vAyurUpa. jaina darzana tenI cha sthitie nIce mujaba darzAve che. vyApaka rIte pudgalanA paramANu ane skaMdha evA be vargo che. pudgalane nIcenA cha vargomAM paNuM vibhAjita karavAmAM Ave che. A vargo temanAthI bhinna nathI, paNa temanA peTA prakAre che. (1) kuLa- La (dhana) (Solids) A skaMdha-prakAra vibhAjita thatA svayaM tenuM mULa avibhAjita svarUpa punaH prApta karI zakato nathI. ghana padArtho AnAM viziSTa udAharaNe che, jemake mATI, patthara, lAkaDuM vagere A badhA vibhAjita thatAM trIjA kazAkanA upayoga vinA. saMjita thaI zakatA nathI. (2) kuLa (pravAhI) (Liquids) A skaMdha-prakAramAM vibhAjita thayA bAda paNa punaH saMjita thavAnI zakti. che. AnA udAharaNa tarIke pravAhIone nirdeza karavAmAM Ave che, jemake dUdha, dahIM, pANI, tela vagere. vibhAjana thayA bAda, A trIjI vastunI darayAnagIrI vinA svayaM saMyojita thaI zake che. (3) sthULa-sUma (zakti) (Energy) A skaMdha-prakAra sthULa dekhAya che, paraMtu vAstavamAM sUkSma che, kAraNa ke na te tenuM vibhAjana zakaya che, na te tenI ArapAra jaI zakAya che, ne to te hAtha dvArA grahaNa karI zakAya che. garamI, prakAza, aMdhakAra, chAyA, vIjaLI vagere AnAM udAharaNe che. ane sUkSma aMze indriyone spaSTa che. dhUmADA, chIyA vagere. sthULa dekhAya che chatAM avibhAjya che. (4) rUma-La (vAyu) (Gases) A kaMdha-prakAra sthULa dekhAya che khare paraMtu sUkSma paNa che. sparza--gaMdha -raMga-zabdanA saMvedane AnAM daSTAMte che. A saMvedane sUkSma hovA chatAM idriyagamya che.

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kara (5) sUma (Fine Matter) A skaMdha-prakAra sUkSma che. kama -pudgalA adRSTa che ane te AnuM udAharaNa che. te vicArapravRtti mATe javAbadAra che. A prakAra Indriya-pratyakSathI para che. (3) sUkSma-sUma (Extra-fine Matter) A skaMdha-prakAra paNa indriyAtIta che. karma-pudgalathI paNa atyaMta sUkSma skaMdha che. ekAkI prAthamika taal (particles)nAM svarUpe atyaMta sUkSma pudgalanAM anelAM che. jainadarzana (6) jaina paramANu-ddAMta ane tAdAtmya temaja parevana tarIke vAstavikatAnA jaina siddhAMta vacce saMa`dha : (Relation between Jaina Thoery of Atoms and Jaina Theory of Reality as Identity and Change) tAdAtmya--abhinnatA-abheda ane parivartana tarIke sat a Mgane jaina khyAla tenA paramANu aMgenA siddhAMtamAM prartA mita thAya che. padArthomAM je parivata nAnA anubhava ApaNe karIe chIe te paramANuonA sa MyojananA vibhinna paryAyone lIdhe che ane Ane padArthonA parivartanazIla paryAyA tarIke nirdezI zakAya. para Mtu A sarva parivat nazIla paryAyonI pAchaLa tenA mULamAM te aMtima TakatattvA eTale ke paramANuonI tAdAtmyanI hakIkata rahelI che. paramANue svayaM aparivarta zIla che, temanA suyeAjana-svarUpo parivartana pAme che ane pariNAme vibhinna prakAronA padArtho utpanna thAya che. Ama, paramANuonI paribhASAmAM, AMttama ghaTakatattva tarIke paramANuemAM ApaNane vAstavikatA-sata-nu abheda-tAdAtmyatA-nuM tattva tevA maLe che ane ska MdhanI racanA karavA paramANuesanA sa MyojanamAM ane skaMdhanA vibhAjana sayAjanamAM ApaNane parivartananuM tattva jovA maLe che. (7) pudgala ane AtmA (jIva) (matter and Soul) pudgala jIva-AtmA para prabhAva pADe che kharuM ? jaina STie, pudgala sa sArI jIva para prabhAva pADe che. jyAM sudhI jIva sa!ramAM paribhramaNa kare che tyAM sudhI A be vacce avibhAjaya saMbaMdha che. pudgala jIva para kevI rIte prabhAva pADe che ? AnA uttara e che ke pudgala dvArA ja zarIranuM nirmANu dhAya che. zarIra, vANI, mana ane dhrAsAvAsa paNa pudgalanA ja kAryo che. A rIte, pudgala zarIra, vANI ane zvAsocchavAsanuM bhautika adhiSThAna bane che.

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jaina tatvavijJAna (8) pudagala ane zarIra-nirmANa pudgala zarIra-nirmANanuM kAraNa che: (1) AhAra-vaNa kahevAtA skaMdha-prakAra dvArA dArika, vaikriya ane AhAraka evA traNa prakAranAM zarIre tathA zvAsocchuzvAsanuM nirmANa thAya che. (2) tejovaNa dvArA tejasa zarIra bane che. (3) bhASA-vagaNa vANInuM nirmANa kare che (4) manevagaNa mananuM nirmANa kare che (5) karmavaNathI kArmaNa zarIranI racanA thAya che. jaina mate, mana eka sUkSma atyaMtarika Indriya che. te netrAdi sarve IndrinA arthane grahaNa kare che. mana kaMdhAtmaka che, te vaizeSika darzananI jema aNumAtra nathI. (9) zarIranA prakAre zarIra pu nuM baneluM che ane AvA zarIranA pAMca prakAre che : (1) dArika, (2) kriya, (3) ahiAraka, (4) vaija, ane (5) kArpaNa. (i) dArika zarIra : tiryaMca ane manuSyanA sthULa zarIra dArika che. udarayukta hevAthI tenuM nAma dArika che. ahIM udarane artha kevaLa garma nathI, paraMtu samagra zarIra che. lehI, mAMsa vagere zarIranAM lakSaNa che. (i) kriya zarIra de, nArakA ane labdhi (alaukika zakti) prApta manuSya temaja tiryaMca vaikti zarIra dharAve che. te Indriyagocara nathI. te judA judA AkAra ane kadamAM rUpAMtara pAmavA samartha che. temAM lehI, mAMsa, vagerene sadaMtara abhAva che. (iii) AhAraka zarIra yogI dvArA vikasAvela A sUkSma zarIra che. te viziSTa prasaMge gara atyaMta dUra sudhI jaI parata AvI zake che. (iv) jisa zarIra A prakAra tejo vargaNA pudgala-paramANuo dvArA bane che. jaTharAgninI zakti (rAka pacAvavAnI) A zarIranI che. te dArika ane kAmaNa zarIra vaccenI eka Avazyaka zRMkhalA che.

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4 (v) kANu zarIra A AMtarika sUkSma zarIra che ane te mAnasika, vAcika ane kAyika pravRttionuM mULa che. te 8 prakAranA karmA dvArA bane che. jainana AmAMthI mAtra prathama prakAra IndriyagrAhya che. anya prakAre sUkSma hovAthI Indriyagocara nathI. pratyeka anugAmI prakAra tenA puragAmI prakAra karatAM sUkSma che. taijasa ane phArmANa zarIrA mATe kAI bhautika svarUpa avarodharUpa nathI, te leAkAkAzamAM peAtAnI zakti mujaba kayAMya paNa jaI zake che. A baMne zarIraza sasArI jIva sAthe anAdi kALathI saMbaMdhita che. janmAMtara samaye jIva A be zarIra dharAve che. saMsArI jIva kAI paNa samaye vadhAremAM vadhAre cAra prakAranAM zarIrA dharAvI zake che, kAI paNa samaye pAMce pAMca zarIra dharAvI zakatA nathI. 3, dharma (MEDIUM OF MOTION) dharma paNa eka ajIva dravya-prakAra che. te nitya, sthira ane arUpI che. te eka ane akhaMDa che. samagra leka tenuM sthAna che. te samagra vizvamAM vyApta che. te eka sthAnathI anya sthAnamAM gati karavA zaktimAna nathI, te gatinA siddhAMta che, gatinuM mAdhyama che, gatinuM sahAyaka ane nimitta kAraNa che. te svayaM gatizIla nathI paNa sthira che. te acetana ane abhautika dravya che jIva ane pudgala gati kare che. gati eTale eka sthAnathI anya sthAnamAM javAnI prakriyA. gati mATe kAIka mAdhyamanI AvazyakatA che ane AvuM mAdhyama dhadravya che. te vizvanA padArthonI ti mATe Avazyaka ane anivArya sthiti che. alabatta, te padArthomAM gati utpanna karatuM nathI, para Mtu te jIva ane pudgalanI gatine AdhAra ApavAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya che. jIva ane pudgalamAM gatizIla thavAnuM sAmarthya che. para Mtu vizvamAM gatinuM mAdhyama dharma na hoya tA tee gati karI zake nahIM. dharma'nA svarUpane rapaSTa karavA jaLa ane mAlInA sAdRzyanA upayoga karavAmAM Ave che, jevI rIte gRta karavA zaktimAna mAchalInI gati mATe pANInuM mAdhyama Avazyaka che tevI rIte gati karavA zaktimAna jIva ane pudgalanI aMta mATe dharmonu mAdhyama Avazyaka che. dhama padArtha ne gAMtazIla karatuM nathI. gati tA padArthomAM ja che, paraMtu te tenI gatimAM sahAyabhUta thAya che. padArtha mAtra avarAdha vinA temAM mA karI zake che. dha'arUpI' hovAthI pudgalanA indriyagamya guNo tenAmAM nathI. astitva tenuM svarUpa che ane tethI te pariNAma nathI. Anubhivaka dRSTibiMduthI te anaMta

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jena taravavijJAna pradezayukta che. kAraNa ke sArvatrika avakAzamAM asaMkhya avakAzIya ekama che, paraMtu pAramArthika dRSTibiMduthI te mAtra eka ja pradeza dharAve che. dharma kAkAzamAM ja che. kAkAzanI bahAra tenuM astitva nathI ane tethI ja svabhAvathI ja UrdhvagAmI evo mukta jIva lekAgra para Avela siddhazilA para jaI sthita thAya che-aTakI jAya che ane tethI UMce aka nAmanA anaMta mahAzinya avakAzamAM vicArI zakatA nathI. 8. adharma (MEDIUM OF REST) adharma paNa eka ajIva dravya che. te paNa nitya, sthira ane arUpI che. te paNa eka ane akhaMDa che ane tela jema saMpUrNa talamAM che tema adharma paNa samagra lokamAM vyApta che. adharma sthitinuM mAdhyama che. te jIva ane yugalanI sthiti mATenuM sahAyaka kAraNa che. jIva ane pugala sthira thavAnA hoya che tyAre adharma dravya tene sahAya kare che. adharmanA abhAvamAM sthiti zakaya nathI. adhama padArthonI sthiti mATe Avazyaka ane anivArya zarata che. te sakriyapaNe gatizIla padArtho mATe aMtarAyarUpa thatuM nathI. gatizIla jIva ane pudgala sthiti mATe samartha che. paraMtu adharmanuM mAdhyama temanI sthiti mATe sahAyarUpa thAya che. jevI rIte vRkSa yAtrikanI vizrAMti mATe sahAyarUpa thAya che tevI rIte adharmAstikAyanuM svarUpa AmAo ane pugalane temanI sthiti mATe sahAyarUpa thAya che. pathika vRkSanI zItala chAyA jue che ane te tene Azraya mATe sarvaprathama AkarSe che ane tyArabAda te tenI heThaLa zAMtithI visAmo le che. A ja pramANe adharmAstikAya keIpaNa gati karyA vinA gatizIla jIva ane pugalane sthira thavA AkarSe che ane tyArabAda te temane sthira thavAmAM sahAya kare che. jevI rIte vRddhajana potAnI zaktithI Ubhe raheto hovA chatAM lAkaDI tene UbhA rahevAmAM sahAya kare che tevI rIte A dharmanuM mAdhyama svaMya sthira rahevAnA svabhAvavALA padArthone sthitizIla rahevAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya che. alabata, vRkSanI ke anya koIpaNa chAyA vinA pArthika vizrAma laI zake che ane lAkaDInA TekA vinA vRddhajana ubhuM rahI zake che khare. A muzkelInA nivAraNa mATe eka bIju udAharaNa paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. jevI rIte, pRthvI ava vagere prANIonI sthiti mATe sahAyaka thAya che tevI rIte adharma paNa jIva ane pugalanI sthiti mATe sahAyaka thAya che. adharma padArthonI sthiti mATenuM nimitta kAraNa che. jIva je. 5

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jainadarzana ane pugalamAM sthitizIla thavAnuM sAmarthya che, paraMtu vizvamAM adharmanuM mAdhyama na hoya te teo sthitizIla thaI zake nahIM. adharma arUpI che ane tethI tenAmAM paNa iMdriyagamya guNa nathI. Anubhavika daSTibiMduthI adhama paNa anaMta pradezayukta che. paraMtu pAramArthika dRSTie te mAtra eka pradeza ja dharAve che. dharma ane adhama baMne sarvavyApI hoya te zuM baMne ekameka sAthe maLI na jAya ane temanI vacce koI bheda rahe kharo ? jevI rIte aneka dIpaka ke mINabattIonA prakAza ekabIjA sAthe ekarUpa thavA chatAM temanAmAM bhinnatA rahe che ane teo yathA samaya potapotAnuM kArya kare che, tevI rIte A be sarvavyApaka dravya hovA chatAM temanAmAM bhinnatA rahe che ane teo yathAsamaya potapotAnuM kArya kare che tevI rIte A be sarvavyApaka dravya hovA chatAM temanAmAM potapotAnA kAryanI dRSTie bhinnatA rahe che. paraspara bhaLavA chatAM temanAmAMthI keIpaNa dravyanuM astitva samApta thatuM nathI. dharma temaja adharma saMpUrNa lakamAM vyApta che ane temane eka sthAnathI anya sthAnamAM javAnI keI AvazyakatA nathI. teo nitya sthita che. jaina dRSTie, dharma-adharma vizvanA vyavasthita svarUpa mATe javAbadAra che. temanA vinA vizvamAM aMdhAdhUMdhI pravartata. hindu mate paNa dharma ane adharma anukrame vizvanI saMvAditA ane vyavasthA ane tenI visaMvAditA ane avyavasthAnA siddhAMto che. Ama, baMnemAM samAnatA che paraMtu jaina darzanamAM dharma-adharma tAtvika padArtho-dravya che, jyAre anya bhAratIya darzanomAM dharma-adharma mukhyatve naitika siddhAMta che. alabatta, AdarzavAdI nItizAstramAM A dharma-adharma pratyayonI vicAraNuM tArika saMdarbhamAM karavAmAM Ave che kharI. 5. AkAza (AKASA) AkAza eTale dipha-avakAza. AkAza vastuniSTha rIte vAstavika che. te eka, akhaMDa, anAdi, nitya, arUpI ane sarvavyApI dravya che. vizvanA sarva padArtho AkAzamAM astitvamAna che. te asaMkhya-anaMta pradezayukta ekAkI dravya che. Ama te astikAya che. tenA pradeza adaSTa che. avakAza-pradAna AkAzanuM lakSaNa che. anya dravyanI dRSTie, AkAza 1. kAkAza ane 2. alakAkAza evA be vibhAgomAM vibhAjita thAya che. lokAkAzamAM dravyo (jIva, pudgala, dharma, adhama ane kALa) astitvamAna che. A sAmAnya rIte vizvanA sAmAnya khyAlane

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jaina tattvavijJAna anurUpa che. loka sAta arthAt sImita che. alakAkAzamAM kaMIpaNa astitvamAna nathI. te zuddha ke bAhya avakAza che. te anaMta che. te kAkAzathI para che. vibhAjana AkAza svayaMmAM nathI paraMtu te AkAzanAM pAMca dravyo sAthenA saMbaMdhane lIdhe che. AkAza Atmanirbhara che, jyAre anya dravya tevAM nathI. anya dravya akAzamAM- likAkAzamAM sthAna pAme che. A rIte avakAza Apavo e AkAzanuM lakSaNa che. nizcaya daSTie, sarva dravya Atmanirbhara che paraMtu vyavahAra daSTie, anya dravya AkAzAzrita che. AkAza anya dravya karatAM vadhAre vyApaka che ane tethI te sarvane AdhAra che. AkAzanA anya koI AdhAra nathI. te svanirbhara che. dharma, adharma ane AkAza e traNa dravyo sarvavyApI che. ahIM prazna e upasthita thAya che ke je A traNe dravya sarvavyApI hoya te temanI vacce paraspara virodha kema thato nathI ? Ane uttara e che ke virodha-vyAdhAta haMmezAM rUpI-mUrta padArthomAM thAya che, amUta-arUpI padArthomAM nahIM. A traNe dravya bhautika svarUpanA nathI paNa arUpI, amUrta che ane tethI teo ekI sAthe virodha vinA rahI zake che. 6. kALa (ahAsamaya) (TIME) kALa eka avibhAjya dravya che ane tethI te anastikAya che. eka ane samAna samaya sarvatra jagatamAM hoya che. anya astikAya nI jema, kALa diphamAM-avakAzamAM vistarela nathI. te AkAza (dipha) sAthe sahaastivamAna che. kALa padArthonA parivartananuM mAdhyama ke sahAyaka kAraNa che, upAdAna ke nimitta kAraNa nathI. A parivartana svayaM thAya che. kALa svayaMnA parivartana mATe anya kaI dravyanI sahAyanI AvazyaktA nathI. kALa pitAnA svarUpa mujaba svayaM parivartana pAmato rahe che. te svayaM parivartanazIla che. jevI rIte dIpaka svayaM prakAzita thaIne anya padArthone prakAzita kare che tevI rIte kALa svaya parivartana pAmatAM pAmatAM jIva vagerenuM parivartana kare che. dIpaka svayaM prakAzamAna che, tene prakAzita karavA mATe koI bIjA prakAzanI AvazyaktA nathI, paraMtu anya padArtho aprakAzita che ane temane prakAzita karavA mATe dIpakane upayoga che. jevI rIte dIpaka aprakAzita padArthone prakAzita kare che tevI rIte kALa aparivartanazIla padArthonuM parivartana karato nathI, paNa svabhAvathI parivartanazIla padArthonA parivartanamAM sahAyaka thAya che. kALanA be prakAre cheH 1. dravya kALa athavA pAramArthika kALa (nirapekSa ke vAstavika kALa), ane 2. vyavahAra kALa athavA paraMparAgata ke sApekSa samaya.

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jainadarzana 1. kALa athavA pAramArthika kALa : A kALanA sAtatyapUrNa, avirata pravAhanA tArkika khyAla dvArA samajI zakAya che. kALa parivartananuM sahAyaka kAraNa che. A parivartana sAtatyane AdhAre samajI zakAya che, sAtatya vinA ApaNe parivartanane bilakula samajI zakIe nahIM. jo sAtatya na hoya to prazna e thAya ke parivarta na pAmanAra zuM che? tethI sAtatya (sthAyitvArthAtazIlatA) parivartanane AdhAra che. kALa--pAramArthika kALa nitya che, arUpI che ane anAdi che. se 2. vyAvahArika kALa athavA samaya : A dravyamAM parivartanAne utpanna karavAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya che. tethI te padArthomAM udbhavatAM rUpAMtare dvArA jJAta thAya che. samaya sAmAnya dRSTibiMduthI kalAkA, miniTa, sekanDe vagere dvArA samajI zakAya che. te dvArA ApaNe vastune temAM udbhavela parivartana mujaba navI ke jUnI kahIe chIe. samaya athavA vyAvahArika kALane Adi ane aMta bane che. kALa eka dravya nathI, para Mtu asa MkhyAt dravya-pradeza che. kALa sUkrama pradeze (tattvA)nA banele che ane te ekameka sAthe kadI sameti thatA nathI. vizva kALanA a a-naveza-pradeze-thI sabhara che. kA paNa dik-pradeza tenAthI vaMcita nathI. leAkAkAzanA pratyeka pradeza para eka eka kALa-pradeza sthita che. kALanA pradeza avibhAjya, asaMkhya ane arUpI che. tethI kALa eka dravya nathI paNa asa MkhyAta dravyA che, je pratyeka nitya ane avibhAjya che. jaina dRSTie, kALa mAtra sat (vAstavika) ja nathI, paraMtu te vAstavika sRSTinA vikAsa ane samajUtI mATenuM sabaLa paribaLa che. tethI kALanA dravya tarIke ahIM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. te sat che, paraMtu tene bhautika svarUpa nathI ane tethI te astikAya nadhI-anastikAya che. bhUtakAlIna samaya naSTa thayela che ane bhAvi samaya atyAre asat che. tethI kALa jyArene tyAre eka vartamAna samaya rUpe ja prApta thAya che. cAlu samaya eTale vartamAna kSat ane e ja sadbhuta kALa che. asadbhUta kSaNane buddhimAM ekatrita karIne kALanA vibhAgo (miniTa, lAka vagere) pADavavAmAM Ave che. 10. tattvanuM naitika vargIkaraNa H navatattva (ETHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TATTVA: NINE CATEGORIES) 1. prAstAvika (Introductory) : bhAratIyajana tenI prakRtithI tattvajJa che. tattvavijJAna vinA ke pAkaLa~nirbaLa tattvavijJAnavALI kAI skUla ke darzana adhyAtmavAda ke jJAnIjananI bhUmimAM lAMbru

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jena tatvavijJAna TakI zake nahIM. ahiMsAne AdhyAtmika khyAla para AdhArita hovA chatAM buddhanuM suMdara nItizAstra-tene atyaMta saraLa aSTAMga mArga bhAratanA sAmAnya janasamudAyane AkarSI zakyo nahIM, kAraNa ke tenuM taravavijJAna bhAratIya mAnasane pratItijanaka lAgyuM nahIM. nakkara ane pratItikara taravavijJAna samayanA juvALanI jhIMka jhIlI zakayAM che. bhAratamAM tArika siddhAMta ane vyavahArane itihAsa darzAve che ke nItizAstraviheNuM tattvavijJAna pokaLa che tevI rIte tattvavijJAnavihoNuM nItizAstra paNa aMdhaarthahIna che. bhAratIya nItizAstranA gatizIla ane vikAsazIla lakSaNa mATe A hakIkata ja javAbadAra che. jaina tattvavijJAna ane nItizAstra vacce paNa avibhAjya saMbaMdha che. jaina darzana tattvataH naitika-tAttvika darzana che. tattvavijJAna vinA nItizAstra avyavahAru, atArkika ane saMpUrNa rIte binaasarakAraka banI jAya. sAce nItimAna mAnavI tattvataH tattvajJa paNa hoya che, ane sAce tattvajJa mAtra satyane jJAtA ja nathI, paraMtu te tenA vyAvahArika jIvanamAM tAttvika nikane upayoga karanAra paNa che. sarva darzananuM tattvavijJAna bhinna hovA chatAM darzanamAtranuM netika lakSya samAna-mAnavakoya che. 2. tAtvika ane naitika vagIkaraNe vacce saMbaMdha (Relation between Metaphysical and Ethical Classifications): dravyanA tAvika vargIkaraNa ane tatvanA naitika vargIkaraNa vacce gADha saMbaMdha che. prathama vargIkaraNa mAnavamananI tAttvika jijJAsAnI abhivyakti che, jyAre dvitIya vargIkaraNa tenA naitika-dhArmika anveSaNane AviSkAra che. sthAnAMgasUtra, samayasAra jevA graMthamAM tatvanuM vibhAjana nava padArthomAM karavAmAM Ave che. A nava padArtho ke to nIce mujaba che : 1. jIva, 2. ajIva, 3. puNya, 4. pApa, 5. atrava-Azrava, 6. baMdha, 7. saMvara, 8, nirjara, ane 9. mela AmAMthI puNya ane pApane Asrava ane baMdhamAM samAviSTa karIne umAsvAti ane anya keTalAka ciMtake taronI saMkhyA sAta Ape che. A 7 ke 9 ta saMsAra ane tenA kAraNa tema ja mokSa ane tenA kAraNa sAthe saMbaMdhita che. A rIte mumukSu mATe baMdha ane tenuM kAraNa (astrava) tema ja mokSa ane tenAM kAraNe(saMvara ane nirjara)nuM jJAna Avazyaka che. taduparAMta, jIva-AtmA-nuM jJAna paNa tene mATe Avazyaka che, kAraNa ke te ja baMdhanamAM che ane mukta thavAne che. nava-tattvanuM naitika vargIkaraNa mokSanA khyAlanA saMdarbhamAM Avazyaka banI

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70 jainagarA na rahe che. sasArI jIva anAdi kALathI karma dvArA badda che. ane te A praznaLa ka -ja jIramAMthI mukti cAhe che. tene baMdhana pasaMda nathI ane peAtAnI vartamAna zakti meLavavA mathe che. meAkSa A rIte lakSya che. jIvana-lakSya tarIke meAkSanA svIkAra sAthe, ApaNe svAbhAvika rIte ApaNA mArgamAMnA aMtarAye jANavA icchIe chIe. A aMtarAyA dhruvI rIte udbhave che ane temanuM nivAraNa kevI svarUpa zuM che? A sarve praznonA uttara A ApaNane maLe che. A tattvo jIva ane ajIvanI svarUpe che. have ApaNe A pratyeka tattva a Mge rIte zakaya che? A aMtarAyAnu 7 ke 9 tattvAnA vargIkaraNa dvArA bhinna bhinna sthitie ane vicArIzuM. 3. nava tattvA (Nine Categories) : 1. jIva (Jiva, Soul or The Conscious Principle) A pahelAM ApaNe jIva aMge vizad rIte carcovacAraNA karela che. ahIM ApaNe atyaMta sa MkSepamAM jIva aMge joIzuM. jIva cetanamaya tattva che. cetanA jIvanuM viziSTa lakSaNa che. jJAna ane darzana e be TakA cetanAmAM samAviSTa che. A rIte jJAna--dana jIvanAM mukhya lakSaNo che. jIvamAM pAMca prakAranAM jJAna (tizruta-avadhi-mana:paryAya-vaLa) tema ja cAra prakAranAM darzana (cAkSuSa-acAkSuSaavadhi-kevaLa) aMtargata che, para Mtu karma-pudgala sAthenA jIvanA saMbaMdhane lIdhe, samyag jJAna ane darzana tenAmAM pracchanna che. meAkSaprApti mATe jIve ka -pudgalane alaga karavA Avazyaka che. jyAre Asrava dvArA sthira thayela kama-pudgaleA (jIvamAM saMrakSita kama -asarA)mAMthI sa pUrNa rIte mukta thAya tyAre ja te kevaLa jJAna ane kevaLa darzananuM aMtima lakSya siddha karI zake che. jIva age AgaLa vigatavAra mAhitI Apela hoI sahI tenu punarAvartana Avazyaka nathI. 2. ajIva (Ajiva, Non-soul or The Unconscious Principle) dharma, adharma, pudgala, AkAza, kALa e pAMca ajIva chyA che ane A pratyekanI vigatavAra carcA ApaNaeN A agAu karI gayA chIe, 3. ane 4. puNya ane pApa (Virtuous Deed or Good Karma and Vicious Deed or Bad Karma) : (1) puNya-pApa, sukha-duHkhanAM upAdAna kAraNeA jaina kavAda vizuddha rIte vyaktivAdI che. te kane sva-dehapramANa mAne che ane tene vyaktiparyaMta sImita rAkhe che. kama tenA zarIranI sImAmAM rahIne potAnu

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jaina tavijJAna 71 kArya kare che. karma savyApaka nathI, paraMtu svadehapa ta ja parimita che. jIvanuM Avazyaka lakSaNa cetanA, zuddha ane AnaMda che para Mtu anAdi ka-jachara dvArA te karmAMbadhanamAM che ane pApa-puNya bhAgave che. karmanA be prakAreNa che H 1. zubha, ane 2. azubha. zubha karma puNya che ane azubha-kharAba karma pApa che. puNya ane pApa karmonI tulanA anukrame sAnAnI ane leDhAnI beDI sAthe karavAmAM Ave che. sa Mpatti, svAsthya rUpa, kIrti, putra, strI, dIrdhAyu vagere sukhanAM sAdhano zubha kamerra dvArA prApta thAya che ane A zuSa karmo puNya kahevAya che ane AthI viruddhanI sAmagrI azubha karmA dvArA prApta thAya che ane A aMzuma mAM kahevAya che. sukha ane du:kha anukrame puNya ane pApanAM phaLa che. sukha ane duHkhane anubhava mukhyatve puNya ane pApanAM AMtarika kAraNeAne AdhAre thAya che. zrImata vyakti paNa du:khI rRkhAya che, jyAre nirdhana vyakti sukhanA anubhava kare che. bAhya padArtho sukha-duHkhanI utpattinAM nimitta kAraNa che, jyAre zubha-azubha karma rUpa puNya-pApa ja sukha-duHkhanAM upAdAna kAraNA che. sukha-du:khanuM upAdAna kAraNu (mULa kAraNu) vyakti svayaM che. pratyeka vyaktinuM vyaktitva bhinna bhinna prakAranu che, arthAt sukha-du:khane anubhanna karavAnI kSamatA alaga alaga che. sukha-duHkha vyaktinA vyaktitva (zArIrika-mAnasika soMgaThana) para nirbhara che, ane tenu nirmANa paNa puNya-pApa arthAt zubha-azuma karmonA AdhAre thAya che. zubha-azubha karmA (puNya-pApa)nA saMbaMdha prANInA zarIra (sacetana) sAthe ja che. (2) puNyanI vyAkhyA puNyanI vyAkhyA zubha-sArA kama tarIke sAmAnya rIte ApavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu puNyanAM be pAsAM che: 1. kriyA(conation)nA dRSTibiMduthI puNya ve karela zubha pravRtti-kama che. 2. para Mtu zuma karmanA a kama -pudgala karIe tyAre puNyanA paudagalika pAsAne nirdeza che. ka-pudgala jIvamAM sacina thAya che ane khIjA avatAramAM tenA pariNAmane anubhava thAya che. zubha karmanA pudgalene puNya kahevAmAM Ave che. puNya A rIte valaNu temaja zakacuta! (potentiality) bane che. ahIM valaNa eTale kriyA-pravRtti ane zakayatA eTale karma pudgala. zubha zakayatAo prati laI jatAM kAryoM puNya che. (3) pucanA prakAra jaina mate, puNyanA 9 prakAza che : 1. anna puNya, 2. pAna puNya, 3. vajra puNya, 4. layana (dharanA Azraya) puNya, 5. zayana puNya, 6. mana (niya MtraNa) puNya,

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72 jainana 7. zarIra (niyatraNa) puNya, 8. vacana (niyaMtraNa) puNya, ane 9. namaskAra puNya. anna-pANI-vastranuM dAna kAIpaNa yogya vyaktione karI zakAya che. paraMtu jaina sAdhuonA sa MdarbhomAM tenuM AcaraNa thatAM sarve atyaMta asarakAraka bane che. mana, zarIra ane vANI paranAM niyaMtraNa anya vyaktie prati kAIpaNa prakAranI hiMsA-nivAraNa mATenI ane tene nItimaya ane naitika thavAnI zIkha Ape che. tyAgI(sAdhu)janAne nIcA namI namana karavAmAM namaskAra pUNya che. (4) pucanAM udAharaNe ane pariNA mA puNya ApaNA zubha bhAvA (pravRttie) dvArA utpanna thAya che. puNya-satkArya - nAM udAharaNo nIce mujaba che : samyagadarzana ane samyaga jJAnanI prApti, mahAtmAe pratye pUjyabhAvayukta valaNa ane judAM judAM vratAnuM pAlana. A sarve satkAryo (puNyo)nAM pariNAme-AviSkArA nIce mujaba che: sAtAvedanIya (sukhanI lAgaNIne vyaktigata anubhava), zubha AyuSya, zubha nAma (zarIra) ane zubha gotra. zubha karmo-puNya-thI Arogya, sapatti, rUpa, kIrti, sukuTuMba-parivAra, dIrdhAyu vagere sukhanAM sAdhanA prApta thAya che. (5) pApanI vyAkhyA pApanI vyAkhyA azubha (kharAba) karma tarIke sAmAnya rIte ApI zakAya. pApa rAga-dveSanA prabhAva heThaLa karavAmAM AvatuM aniSTa kArya che. A mAnavInA sadguNI valaNA ane tenI aMtargata sArapa viruddha tenI adhama-hIna prakRtinA baLavA che. tethI pApane ajJAnanA AviSkAra tarIke ane tenA saMkalpaprerita karmomAMnI anItimattA tarIke mAnI zakAya. jJAnAvaraNu, darzanAvaraNu, mohanIya ane aMtarAya karmo azubha che ane tethI te pApakarma che. (6) pApanA prakAra pApanA 18 prakAre cheH 1. prANu vadhu (jIvahiMsA), 2. asatya (mRSAvAda), 3. adattAdAna (pratyakSa ke parokSa corI), 4. abrahmacarya, 5. parigraha, 6. krodha 7. mAna (ahu), 8. mAyA (dabha), 9. lAbha, 10. rAga (Asakti), 11. dveSa, 12. kaleza, 13. abhyAkhyAna (anyanI pratiSThAne jhAMkhapa lagADavA mATe khoTI aphavAe--SaDayaMtronA prasAra) 14. vaizunya (vArtAkathana), 15. para parivAda (parine dA), 16 rita-arita, 17. mAyAmRSAM, 18. mithyAdarza nazalya.

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jaina lagavijJAna (7) pApanAM udAharaNA ane pariNA paMcatratA (ahiMsA-satya-asteya brahmacarya -aparigraha)nuM pAlana na karavAthI ane asamyaga darzana temaja jJAnathI pariNamatAM karmo azubha karmo che. A vyaktimAM asAtAvedanIya anubhava (du:khanI lAgaNI), azubha AyuSya, azubha nAma (zarIra) ane azubha gAtranAM pariNAmA-AviSkArI janmAve che. 73 (8) puNya-pApa ane mekSa satka yukta-sadAcArI jIvana asalka yukta-durAcArI jIvananI apekSAe vadhAre sAruM hovA chatAM paryApta nathI. zubha karma ke puNya meAkSaprApti prakriyAne sugama banAve che, kAraNa ke astitvano vAstavika samasyA para arthAt jIvane ajIvanI malinatAthI mukta karavAnI samasyA para dhyAna kendrita karavAnA vadhAre avakAza che. mAnavI svayaMnA dRSTibiMduthI muktiprAptine mAnava-Adarza sAnukULa saMjogezane lIdhe vadhArene vadhAre vicArAya che. paraMtu mukti ahIM mAtra mAnava-Adarza nathI paraMtu samagra tarIke jIvanA Adarza che. tethI aMtima Adeza ajIvathI jIvanA chuTakArAnA, muktinA che. sukhI jIvana game teTalu icchanIya hAya tA paNa tenAthI A Adarzo siddha karI zakAya nahIM. mukti-meAkSa janma-mRtyunA cakrAvAtamAMthI chuTakArA sUcave che ane tethI te anivArya paNe satyama tema ja asatya banethI para che. satkarma (puNya) temaja asatkama (pApa) bane jIvane baMdhanamAM rAkhe che ane tethI tenA svAtaMtryane maryAdita kare che. aMtima dRSTie, puNya paNa kAmya (cchavA yogya) nathI. tethI ja puNyakarmanI tulanA sAnAnI kheDI sAthe karavAmAM Ave che. Asakti (rAga) zubha-azubha ane karmonu aMtima kAraNa che ane aneka prakAza vyaktine baMdhanamAM rAkhe che. tethI ja bhagavAna mahAvIre kahyuM che, "puNya ane pApa baMnenA kSayathI mukti maLe che." AdhyAtmika pUrNatA -paMthanA pravAsIe anAsakata-virata valaNa vikasAvavu joIe. 5. Asava-Azrava : (Influx of Karmic Particles) (1) vyAkhyA : je dvArA (AtmAmAM) karmAM vahe che te Azrava che. (mAtrayanaiDamena dharma ni alapa: / ) bA + su ke A + zraSa (jharavuM, TapakavuM, vahevuM) parathI Azrava zabda uddabhavela che. tethI Azrava eTale AtmAmAM karma-pudgalAnA praveza. karma-pudgalA samagra lekamAM che. AtmA yoga (mana-vacana-kAyA-nI sAmAnya pravRtti) ane kaSAya

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74 -jenA darzane (dha, mAna, mAyA, lobha jevI mAnasika pravRttio) dvArA karmopArjana kare che. jyAre AtmA koIpaNa pravRtti kare che tyAre pitAnI AsapAsa rahelA karmogya paramANuone AkarSe che, arthAta karmarUpe grahaNa kare che. A prakriyA "Azrava che. (2) Azrava ane puNya-pApa puNya ane pApa anukrame zubha ane azubha Azrava che. zubha yoga puNyane Azrava che ane azubha ga pApane Azrava che, dha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha AtmAne dUSita karanAra cAra kaSAye (malina bhAva) che. (3) prakAre AzravanA be prakAre che : (1) bhAvAzrava ane (2) dravyAva. (1) bhAvAzrava: AtmAnI pravRtti bAvAzrava che. (2)kavyAzrava : AtmAmAM pravezatuM karma-pudagala dravyAzraya' che. A rIte bhAvAzrava privRtti sivAya kaMI nathI, jyAre "davyAzrava' viziSTa prakAranuM pudgala che. umAsvAti AvA bheda na pADatAM Azravane mana-vacana-kAya-nuM kAryo mAne che. 6. baMdha (Bondage due to Karma) AtmA ane karma-pugala vaccenA kSIra-nIra samA gADha saMbaMdhane baMdha" kahevAmAM Ave che. rAga-dveSa baMdhanuM mULa kAraNa che. tene lIdhe kamaparamANuo AtmA sAthe saMlagna thAya che. AtmA sAthenI kamagalonI saMlagnatA baMdha" kahevAya che. baMdhanA 4 prakAre che: (1) prakRtibaMdha (nature-bondage), (2) pradeza -"44. (particle-bondage), (3) Reis (duration-bondage), (4) anubhAga-baMdha (intensioly bondage). 1. prakRti-baMdha (Nature Bondage) prakRti-baMdha AtmAnI pravRttine lIdhe pulanuM karma-pugalamAM rUpAMtaranuM pariNAma che. baddha paramANuonI vibhinna svabhAvarUpa pariNatine arthAta vibhinna kAryarUpa kSamatAne prakRtibaMdha kahe che. 2. pradeza adha (Partical Bondage) pradezabaMdha tArkika rIte bIjo prakAra che. pradezabaMdha eTale baddha paramANuone samUha. eka vAra vividha karyaprakAro jIva para prabhAva pADe ke turata ja karmapagale AtmAnA vibhinna pradeza rAkI le che ane tene mATe vAstavamAM karmajaMjIromAMthI chaTakavuM azakya banI jAya che.

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jaina tattvavijJAna prakRtibaMdha ane pradezama`dha e baMne prakArA yoga (mana-vacana-kAyAnI pravRtti)ne lIdhe che. 3. sthiti-madha (Duration Bondage) sthiti-baMdha karyuM --pudgalAne avirata pravAha niro che ane pratyekanA nAza mATe nizcita kALAdhi (time-duration) che. kaphLanA bhAgavaTAnI avadhi (mukta)ne, sthiti-dha kahe che. sthiti-baMdha mujaba, karmAMnA udya thAya che. ka pudgaleAnA avirata pravAhane lIdhe karma pudgalA sAkAra thavAnI zakti prApta kare. che ane A jIvanA vividha prakArAnA anubhavAmAM pariName che. 75.. 4. anubhAga (anubhAva)-kha`dha (Intensity Bondage) prakRti-baMdha arthAt svabhAvanA nirmANa sAthe ja temAM tIvra ke ati tIvra, maMda ke madhyama prakAre phaLa ApavAnI zaktinuM paNa nirmANa thAya che. A prakAranI ti ke vizeSatAne anubhAga-aMdha kahe che. karma nI tIvratAmAMnA taphAvatA Ane lIdhe che. sthiti-madha ane anubhAga-madha e e prakAreA kaSAyA (rAga-dveSa)ne lIdhe udbhave che. adhanA be tabakkAo che: bhAva-baMdha ane 2. dravya dha 1. bhAvaadha rAga-draMSa jevA kaSAye! (passions-mAnasika pravRttie) cetanAne kSubdha kare che ane kaba MdhanI viziSTa sthiti sarje che. A bhAva-baMdha' che. 2. dravya-aya tyArabAda jIva sAthe karma-pudgalAne vAstavika sa Mbadha thAya che ane A. dravya-budha'mAM pariName che. budha yAgane lIdhe che. paraMtu mAtra yogane lIdhe nathI. yAga' uparAMta kaSAyonI dUSita asara baMdha' nA kAraNarUpa che. kaSAyanI sahAya sAthe yogakanAM navAM pudgalAne AkarSe che ane A karmonA pudgalAmAM rUpAMtarita thAya che ane jIvane bAMdhe che. samagra leAkamAM 'ka vA' noMmaka pudgala dravyo ThAMsI ThAMsIne bharelAM che ane A dravyo rAga-dveSa (kAyA)nA pariNAmarUpa cikAzane lIdhe AtmAne AvIne vaLage che.

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jainadarzana karma-baMdha atyaMta gADha, gADha, madhyama prakAranA ke zithila prakAranA hoya che. jaina zAstro atyaMta gADha karma-baMdha prakArane "nikAcita' evuM nAma Ape che ane A karma prAyaH avazya bhegavavuM paDe che, jyAre zeSa prakAranAM karmo bhAvanA ane sAdhanAnA paryApta baLathI bhagavyA vinA paNa chUTI zake che. 7, saMvara (Prevention of Influx of Karma) saMvara' zabda saMskRta saM+zva eTale rokavuM -aTakAvavuM parathI uddabhavela che. Ama, saMvara eTale Azraya(karmabaMdha pravRtti)ne niradha. saMvara AzrayanuM virodhI che. te pravezatAM karmane aTakAve che. saMvara dvArA navIna karmonuM upArjana rokAya che, jyAre puNya dvArA zubha karmo baMdhAya che. A rIte, saMvara ane puNya vacce taphAvata che. saMvaranA paNa be prakAre che : (1) bhAvasaMvara, ane (2) dravya-saMvara. A prakAre tenA AMtara-bAhya svarUpane AdhAre pADavAmAM Ave che. bhAvAzravanA niyaMtraNanA kAraNarUpa cetanAnuM rUpAMtara bhAvasaMvara che; jyAre dravyAnuM niyaMtraNa dravya-saMvara che. 'dravyasaMgraha' nAmaka graMtha saMvaranA prakAre nIce mujaba darzAve che: 1. vrata (vow) 2. samiti (carefulness), 3. gu4i (restraint), 4. dharma (observance), 5. anuprekSA (meditation), 6. parISaha jaya (victory over troubles), 7. cAritra (conduct). A pratyekane paNa peTAprakAre pADavAmAM Ave che. tattvArthasUtra "trata'ne prakAra tarIke nirdezatuM nathI, paraMtu tenA sthAne tapane nirdeza che. :8, nija (Partial Annihilation of Karma) nirjarA eTale baddha karmone kramazaH kSaya. nirjarA eTale nirjaraNa karavuM, jarAvI nAkhavuM. nirjarA AtmA sAthe saMlagna evAM karmone AMzika-apUrNa kSaya che. AMzika karmakSaya dvArA thatuM AtmAnuM rUpAMtara bhAva-nirjarA kahevAya che, jyAre A kSaya svayaM dravya-nirjarA kahevAya che. nirjarAnA be prakAre cheH (1) sakAma (avipAka) nirjara, ane (2) akAma (savipAka) nirjarA. (1) sakAma (avipAka) nirja rA A prakAra tapa, dhyAna vagere dvArA buddhipUrvaka pUragAmI karmabaMdhane kSaya che. jevI rIte vRkSanAM phaLe upAya dvArA paNa jaladIthI pakavavAmAM Ave che tevI

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jaina tattvavijJAna rIte ahIM kane phaLabhAga pahelA ja tapazcaryA sAdhanA dvArA karmane pakavIne kSINu karavAmAM Ave che. (ra) akAma (sa.vepAka) nirA akAma nirjarAmAM keTalAMka karmAM svayaM tenI avadhi (mukta) pUrNa thatAM IcchA vagara ja Ape!Apa kharI paDe che. jevI rIte vRkSanAM phaLa svataH samaya jatAM vRkSa para pAke che tevI rIte keTalAMka karmo svataH ardha pUrNa thaye pAkI jaI bhagavAI jaI kharI paDe che. Ama kanA nirdaSTa phaLabhAga bAda svAbhAvika karma -ya vipAka ke akAma nirjarA che. 9. meAkSa (Liberation or Total Annihilation of Karma) mekSa eTale sa pharmanA sarvothA kSaya (marmajJo mokSa ) karmIne saMpUrNa kSaya thatAM jIva saMsAracakramAMthI mukta thAya che. meAkSa e kaI utpanna thanAra vastu nathI. jevI rIta darpaNu mAMjavAthI ujjavaLa thaI jhagamage che tevI rIte AtmA tene ka-mela dhovAI jatAM ujjavaLa thaI potAnA vizuddha svarUpamAM prakAze che. jevI rIte vALAM khasI jatAM jhaLahaLatA sUrya prakAzamAna thAya che tevI rIte kanAM AvaraNe khasI javAthI AtmAnA sakaLa guNe prakAzamAna thAya che. AtmA potAnA mULa svarUpe-jayotimaya cisvarUpe pUrNa prakAzamAna thAya che. saMpUrNa ka kSayanA kAraNarUpa AtmAnuM rUpAMtara bhAva- kSa kahevAya che ane karma -pudgalanI vAstavika alagatA dravya-pAkSa kahevAya che. A avasthA prApta thanAM AtmA punaHkadI paNa bahu thatA nathI. dagdhe cIje yathAM yanta prAdurbhavati na kuGa / karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhavAGakuraH // 77. jevI rIte bIja barAbara banI gayA pachI kuraiza utpanna thatA nathI tevI rIte karUpI bIja sathA baLI gayA bAda sasArarUpI aMkuro utpanna thatA nathI.'' umAsvAti AgaLa darzAve che tema, "jyAre sarvopradhama vyaktinAM mAhanIya karmA, tyArabAda jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya ane aMtarAya karmIne kSaya thAya che tyAre te kevaLajJAna prApta kare che." vaLI, tattvArtha sAra (10.1.3) darzAve che tema, "kevaLajJAnanI prApti bAda, baMdha utpanna karatAM kAraNanI gerahAjarI ane nirjarAnI hAjarIne lIdhe, vyakti samaya jatAM roSa karmA (dA. ta. vedanIya, Ayu, nAma anegAtra)thI mukta thAya che ane karmInA sarva prakArAthI vAMcita thatAM te aMtima mukti prApta kare che."

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jenadarzana me mukti che, ajIvamAMthI jIvane chuTakAre che. mekSa zAzvata che. jema pANImAM rahelI mATInA lepavALI tuMbaDI tenA para badho mela nIkaLI jatAM ekadama pANI upara AvI jAya che tema AtmA parane karmarUpI sadhaLA mela dUra - thatAM AtmA svabhAvataH Urdhvagati kare che ane lekanA agrabhAge pahoMcI sthita thAya che. jenAM sakaLa karmone nimULa-saMpUrNa kSaya thayuM che te Izvara che (rijIna: asif wdA) Izvara muktAtmAthI bhinna prakArane nathI. Izvaratva ane muktinuM lakSaNa samAna che. Izvara ahIM jagatane sarjaka Izvara nathI. tenI upAsanA-tenuM -avalaMbana hadayazuddhi mATe che, rAga-dveSa nivAraNa arthe che. mokSaprApti mAnavadeha dvArA ja zakya che. deve deva-gatimAMthI mukti pAmI - zakatA nathI, temane paNa mokSaprApti mATe mAnavadeha dhAraNa karavo paDe che. mokSaprApti karI zakanAra ja "bhavya' kahevAya che, jyAre kadI paNa mukti prApta * na karI zakanAra jIvo "abhavya kahevAya che. bhavyatva-abhavyatva jIvanAM svAbhAvika lakSaNe che. jema magamAMnA keraDA maga anya maga pAkI jAya tyAre paNa pAkatA - nathI tema abhavya jIvanI saMsAra-sthiti paNa pAkatI nathI. - samApana mekSArthIne AtmavikAsamArgamAM upara varNavela nava tanuM jJAna atyaMta - upayogI che. nava tattamAMthI jIva ane ajIva e be mukhya ta che. Azrava ane baMdha jIva-achava (cetana-jaDa) saMyoganuM avasthAMtara che. * Azrava ane baMdha saMsAranAM kAraNa che. saMvara ane nirja AtmAnI ujajavaLa dazA che ane te baMne pakSanA sAdhana che. A rIte Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA ane mokSa e pAMca to yathAsaMbhava chava-achavamAM samAI jAya che. puNya-pApa AtmasaMbaddha karma pagale che. tethI puNya-pApane baMdhamAM - aMtargata karIe te nava tane sthAne sAta tara rahe che.

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prakaraNa 3 jena tarkazAstra (Jaina Logic) 1. prAstAvika Introductory) - jaina darzana bahutvavAdI vAstavavAda che. te mana ane tenAthI svataMtra sRSTi vacceno bheda svIkAre che. A be vaccenA bhedane svIkAra tene jJAna ane vAstavikatAnI anekavidhatAnA tArkika niSkarSa prati laI jAya che. - tattvajJAnanuM dhyeya vAstavikatAnI samaja che. vAstavikatA ane satya eka ane saraLa nathI, paraMtu atyaMta jaTila ane anekAMta che. tethI A hetu keTalAMka saraLa nirupAdhika vidhAnanI racanA dvArA mAtra siddha karI zakAya nahIM. vAstavikatA jaTila che ane tethI keIpaNa eka saraLa-sAduM vidhAna tenA svarUpane saMpUrNa rIte vyakta karI zake nahIM. AthI jena ciMtake vAstavikatAne lagatAM bhinna bhinna vidhAne sAthe "syAta" zabda lagADe che. 2. syAdvAda ane anekAMtavAda zabdanI samajutI syAdvAda, anekAMtavAda, sApekSavAda, kathaMcitavAda-A badhA paryAyavAcI zabda che. cA" zabdane sAmAnya artha prazaMsA, astitva, vivAda, vicAra, anekAMta, prazna vagere thAya che. keTalAka "syAne artha kadAca, zAyada e kare che. paraMtu, "svAta' zabda dvArA A ke A keI saMzayavAcaka artha ahIM abhipreta nathI. "syAta" avyaya che ane te anekAMtane ghAtaka che-anekAMta sUcaka che. saMskRta bhASAmAM "cAta' ke kathaMcita' zabdane artha "amuka apekSAe', amuka dRSTikoNathI" evo thAya che. syAdvAda' zabdamAM "syAta" ane "vAda ema be zabda che. "syAne arthe apekSA ane vAdane artha kathana karavuM evo thAya che. AthI syAdvAdane artha apekSAe kathana karavuM e thAya che. smAta' zabdayukata vastunuM pratipAdana samyagU * mune mathanAgI, mana hama che bauki tatva, mAna-1 pR.

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jainadarzana pratipAdana che. padArtha aMgenA nirNaya syAdvAda che, kAraNa ke pratyeka lakSaNa yAt' zabda sAthe vyakta thAya che. pratyeka padArtha bhinna bhinna daSTibiMduethI nihALI zakAya te sat-asat, eka-aneka, samAna-asamAna vagere hoI zake. padArthanA vibhinna guNAnI abhivyakita vibhinna daSTibiMduethI 'syAt' zabda dvArA zakaya che. syAd astyeva ghaTaH syAd nAstyeva ghaTaH / syAdu nitya eka ghaTaH sya d abhitya eva gharaH / / 90 * syAdvAdanA A bheMkArayukata kathanAnA nizcayAtmaka artha nIce mujaba che: amuka apekSAe ghaTa sat ja che, amuka apekSAe ghaTa asat ja che. amuka apekSAe ghaTa nitya ja che, amuka apekSAe ghaTa anitya ja che. A tAtvika nirupaNa che, vyavahAramAM AvA zabdaprayoga thatA nathI-thAya paNa nahIM. anekAMta' zabdamAM aneka' ane aMta' evA e zabdo che. aneka eTale ekathI vadhAre ghaNA ane aMta eTale dRSTibiMdu, dizA, apekSA, bAju. anekAMta vAstaviktAnA sattAmUlaka-tAttvika-statvaviSayaka svarUpanu nAma che. 'anekAMtavAda' eTale aneka daSTibiMduthI kathana. anekAMtavAda padArtha nI anekAtmakatAnI bhavyakti che. pratyeka padArtha anaMta lakSaNayukta che. 3. syAdvAda ke anekAMtavAda jaina matAnusAra, vAstavikatA atyaMta jaTila ane gatizIla che. te eka nahIM parantu aneka che ane A pratyeka vAstavika paNa atyaMta jaTila ane gatizIla che. vAstavikatA aneka lakSaNayukta che. padArtha mAtra anekAMta che, asaMkhya guNa temaja sabadhayukta che. A guNA-lakSaNA-dharma baicArika-pratyayAtmaka nathI, para Mtu te vAstavamAM padAmAM astatvamAna che. jyAre ApaNe padArtha aMge kAIpaNa nirNaya-kathana-vidhAna karIe chIe tyAre ApaNe tenA kAIka pAsA-guNalakSaNadha -ne pasa Mda karIe chIe. jyAre ApaNe padArthanA A viziSTa dharma aMge kathana karIe chIe tyAre ApaNe svAt' zabdanA upacega karavAnA rahe che, arthAt amuka viziSTa dRrNima duthI A padA Ave che ane anyathA nathI' ema kahevAnu rahe che. dA. ta., ghaDA sat che ema kahIe tyAre ApaNe ghaDAnA astitvanA pAsAnI pasaMdagI karIe chIe ane tenA anya pAsAnI nahIM. e ja pramANe gAMdhIjI bhAratanA rASTrapitA che' ema kahIe tyAre gAMdhIjInAM aneka pAsAmAMthI A eka pAsAMnI pasaMdagI ApaNe karIe chIe. gAMdhIjI kasturabAnA

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jena tarkazAstra pati, temanA putronA saMbaMdhamAM pitA, temanA pitAnA saMbaMdhamAM putra vagere paNa che. A rIte syAdvAda arthAta vidhAnanI sApekSatAne siddhAMta nirNayanI sApekSatAne siddhAMta che. padArtha anekAMtAtmaka (aneka lakSaNayukta) che ane jyAre padAthe viziSTa nirNayanA svarUpamAM vyakta thAya tyAre A abhivyakti syAdvAda tarIke oLakhAya che. padArthanAM lakSaNonI abhivyakta vibhinna daSTibiMduethI karI zakAya ane A daSTibiMduo "cA" zabda sAthe vyakta karavAmAM Ave che. anekAMtAtmaka padArtha aMge nirNaya syAdvAdatarIke oLakhAya che. ' padArtha anekAMtAtmaka che ane tethI ja tenA aMge nirNaya sApekSa che. anekAMtAtmaka padArthanA abhAvamAM sApekSa nirNaya azakya che. Ama, nirNayanI sApekSatA anekAMtAtmaka padArtha aMgene sApekSa nirNaya che, tethI syAdvAdane anekAMtavAda paNa kahI zakAya. anekAMtAtmaka padArtha aMgenA nirNayane anekAMtavAda tarIke paNa oLakhAvI zakAya. "syAdvAda'mAM "syAta" zabda, padArthonAM aneka pAsAM vyakta kare che ane tethI tene "anekAMtavAdI tarIke paNa nirdezI zakAya. A rIte padArtha svayaM "anekAMta' che arthAta aneka lakSaNonuM adhiSThAna che. padArthanA pratyeka lakSaNanI abhivyakti "cAta' zabda sAthe karavAmAM Ave che ane tethI padArtha aMge nirNaya "cAdvAdache. nirNaya anekAMtAtmaka padArthanI abhivyakti che ane tethI tene anekAMtavAdanuM nAma ApI zakAya. dAsaguptA smAta' zabdanI agatya darzAvatAM jaNAve che, "pratyeka kathananuM satya...mAtra zaratI che ane nirapekSa dRSTibiMduthI eka che. tethI yathArthatAnI khAtarI mATe, pratyeka kathana pUrve "cA" zabda mUkavAmAM Ave che. A darzAve che ke kathana mAtra sApekSa che, amuka daSTibiMduthI ane amuka maryAdA heThaLa, koIka rIte karavAmAM Avela che ane nahIM ke nirapekSa arthamAM. keI nirNaya nirapekSa rIte sAco nathI ane keI nirNaya nirapekSa rIte khoTa nathI. pratyeka nirNaya amuka arthamAM sAce che ane anya arthamAM khUTe che.* syAdvAda vAstavikatA aMgene nizcita khyAla che. Ama chatAM pratyeka vidhAnanI pUrve "cA" hovAne lIdhe keTalAka samIkSakonA mate syAdvAda nizcayavAda nahIM Dasgupta, S., A History of Indian Philosophy, p. 179, (Cambridge University Press), 1922.

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jainakana paraMtu saMzayavAda che. temanA mate, eka ja vastune sat~asat ke nitya-anitya kahevI e saMzayavAda sivAya anya kaMI nathI. A TIkA yogya nathI. vastu sat temaja asat che, para Mtu te je svarUpamAM sat che te svarUpamAM asat nathI. te bhinna bhinna daSTibiMduthI sat temaja asat che. niSNuya vAstavikatA aMge che. ane te vAstavikatAnAM pAsAM nirdeze che. jaina mate, vAstavikatA aMge kAI nizcita ma Mtavya vAstavamAM zakaya nathI. kAIpaNa eka niSku ya vAstavikatAnu sa MpUrNataH Akalana karI zake nahIM. svAbhAvika rIte ja kAIpaNa nirNaya atyaMta jaTila ane anekAMta evA vAstavikanuM varNana karavA paryApta nathI. vAstavikatA ane vAstavamAM kAI nizcita khyakAla za nathI ane A vAstavikatA aMgenA jaina darzananA nizcita khyAla che. syAdRAda vastutaH saMzayavAda nathI paratu sApekSa nizrayavAda che. AcArya zrI Ana MdazaMkara dhruva samucita rIte darzAva che, bhinna bhinna dRSTibiMdue dvArA avalokana karyA vinA kAIpaNa vastu sapUrNa svarUpe samajavAmAM AvI zake nahIM. A mATe syAddAdda upayogI ane sArthaka che...' syAdbAda saMzayavAda nathI. eka ja vastunu judI judI ApekSAe avalAkana karavAnuM anekAMgI avalAkana dvArA nirNaya karavAnuM darzAve che. eka ja padArthane vibhinna apekSAethI virAdhI guNayukta hovAnA nizcaya karavA e syAdvAda che. A rIte eka ja padArthamAM bhinna bhinna apekSA daSTie bhinna bhinna guNA (viruddha jevA lAgatA paNa) saMgata thatA jAtA hoya ane AnA syAdvAdamAM prAmANika svIkAra karavAmAM AvatA hoya tA tene saMzayavAda dhruvI rIte kahI zakAya ? syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM paraMtu sApekSa nizcayavAda che. -1 anekAMtavAda na tA aspaSTa che, na tA virAdhI che. te padArthanA atyaMta amaya khyAlanI suvyavasthita abhivyakti che. vividha dRSTibiMdue dvArA zakanya samanvayeA karIne bhinna ke viruddha dekhAtA matAnA samucita rIte samanvaya e anekAMta dRSTinuM svarUpa che. anekAMtavAda samanvayavAda che. anekAMtaSTimAMthI nayavAda ane saptabhaMgIvAda phalita thAya che. vibhinna pracalita vicArapaddhatine nayavAdamAM sthAna maLe che, jyAre eka ja vastunA sabaMdhamAM pracalita virAdhI kathanA ke vicArAne saptama gIvAdamAM sthAna prApta thAya che. 4, saptabhaMgI naya syAdvAda eka ja padArthamAM vibhinna dRSTibiMduethI vibhinna lakSaNAnu kathana che. syAdvAda vAstavikatA aMgenA saMzleSaka abhigama para bhAra mUke che--

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jaina tarkazAsa vibhinna dRSTibiMdue ekIsAthe vAstavikatAnA AkalanamAM sahAyabhUta thavA para te bhAra mUke che, jyAre nayavAda vAstavikatA a MgenA vizleSaka abhigama para bhAra mUke che--vibhinna dRSTibiMdue grahaNa karI zakAya te darzAvavA para te bhAra mUke che. saMzleSaNa ane vizleSaNu paraspara asa MbaMdhita nathI ane tethI zuddha rIte vizleSaka abhigamamAM saMzleSaNunAM tattvA ane vAstavikatAnA sa MzleSaka matamAM vizleSaNanAM tattvA ApaNane dRSTigocara thAya che. kAIpaNa eka mata para Atya Mtika bhAra deSa prati laI jAya che evu nayavAdamAM abhipreta che. te sUcave che pratyeka maMtavyane tenu mUlya che, pratyeka vAstavikatA pratibiMbita kare che ane tethI te sarva sAthe maLIne ApaNane vAstavikatAmAM DAkiyu karAve che. e ja pramANe syAdbAdamAM vidhAnAnA prakAzanA saMzleSaka lakSaNane evI spaSTa samaja sAthe biradAvavAmAM Ave che ke sazliSTa thayetra vibhinna vidhAnamAMnA pratyekamAM vAstavikatA svayaM aMge vyakta karatu kaMIka che. paraMtu vAstavikatA ane te guNayukta che ane tethI tene ana Mta daSTibiM duethI nihALI zakAya. A rIte ApaNI pAse anaMta naya che. sAmAnya rIte saptabhaMgI nayanA svIkAra karavAmAM Ave che. sapta eTale sAta ane bhAMga eTale prakAra. Ama, saptabhaMgI naya sAta vacana-prakAronA samUha che. A sAta vacanaprayogA judI judI apekSAee samajavAnA che, ekAMta dRSTie nahIM. kAI eka vacana -prakArane ekAMta daSTie svIkAratA svAbhAvika rIte ja anya vacana-prakAra) asatya re che. saptabhaMganA sAta bhagA (prakAro-javAba ApavAnA tarIkAo) devaLa zAbdika kalpanA nathI, paraMtu tee padArthanA lakSaNa para AdhArita che. tethI pratyeka bhaMganuM svarUpa padArthonA lakSaNa sAthe saMbadhita che. jaina zAstrakAro dravya-padArtha (dA.ta., ghaDA)nA pratyeka guNanA vidhiniSedhane lagatA nIce mujabanA, sAta prakAranA zabdaprayoga darzAve che : 1. syAt ghaDA astitvamAna che. 2. syAt ghA astitvamAna nathI. 3. syAt ghaDA astitvama!na che ane astatvamAna nathI. 4. syAt ghaDA avaktavya che. 5. syAt ghaDA astitvamAna che ane avaktavya che. 6. syAt dhaDA astitvamAna nathI ane Avaktavya che. 7. syAMtU ghaDe, astimAna che, astitvata nathI ane avaktavya che, <3

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jainadazanA uparAkta vidhAnAmAM 'syAt' zabda atyaMta mahattvapUrNa che ane te sUcave che ke kAIpaNa eka vidhAna anya sarva vidhAnane bAkAta rAkhIne nirapekSa rIte sAcuM nathI. pratyeka nirNaya sApekSatAnI chApathI aMkita che. pratyeka vidhAna eka daSTibiMduthI arthAt viziSTa TakanI hAjarInA dRSTibiMduthI sAcu che. Ama, ApaNA sarva nirNaya sApekSa che--bananirapekSavAdI che. Ama, ahIM nirapekSavAdanA khyAlanu khaMDana che. (1) syAt DeA astitvamAna che' e vidhAna dekhItI rIte darzAve che ke amuka dRSTi duthI ghaDe! astitvamAna che. padArtha sAthe sabaMdhita cAra mukhya ghaTakA-1. dravya, 2. kSetra, 3. kALa, ane 4. paryAya-vidhAnanA viziSTa daSTi-biMdune nizcita kare che. A pratyekanI samajUtI nIce mujaba che : 1. 62 H ghaDA mATI nAmanA dravyamAMthI banela che. A viziSTa daSTibiM duthI nihALatA, dhaDe! astitvamAna che. 2. kSetra: dhaDAjyAM sthita che te ghaDAnu kSetra che. A viziSTa daSTibiM duthI nihALatA, ghaDA astitvamAna che. 3. kALa : je vartamAna samayamAM dhaDA astitvamAna che te DAnA astitvatA kALa che, samayanA viziSTa gALA daramyAna tenI upasthitinA dRSTibiMduthI nihALatAM, dhaDe astitvamacchu -1 dhaDeA tenI utpatti pUrve nahAtA ane tenA vinAza pachI paNa haze nahIM. A dRSTibiMduthI dhaDeA astitvamAna kahI zakAya nahIM. 4. paryAya : A dhaDAnuM svarUpa ke kAra darzAve che. dhaDAnA sAcAyela kAMThalA jevA viziSTa svarUpanA daSTibi MduthI nihALatAM, dhaDe astitvamAna che. sakSepamAM kahIetA prathama vidhAnanA artha e che ke dravya-kSetra-kALa -paryAyanA dRSTibiMduthI vicAratAM, sva-dravya-kSetra-kALa-paryAya rUpe ghaDe! astitvamAna che. (2) syAt ghaDA astitvamAna nathI' e vidhAnanA artha e che ke ghaDAnA dravya--kSetra-kALa-paryAyanA lakSAnI gerahAjarInA dRSTi duthI nihALatAM ghaDA astitvamAna nathI'. savizeSa spaSTa karIe tA, para-dravya-kSetra-kALa-paryAyathI dhaDA astitvamAna nathI'. A vidhAnanA artha mAtra eTale ja che ke Ta, paTa ke anya kaMIka tarIke astitvamAna" nathI. A dvitIya vidhAna prathama vidhAnanuM pUrNa - virAdhI nathI. tenAM viziSTa lakSaNAne sabdha che tyAM sudhI te ghaDAnA astitvane

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jaina tarkazAstra inkAra karatuM nathI, paraMtu temAM vidhAyaka rIte hAjara na hoya tevA anya lakSaNAne dhyAnamAM levAmAM Ave tyAreja te tenuM astitva inkAre che, ahIM artha e che ke jo DeA astitvamAna na hoya teA tenuM astitva svIkArI zakAya nahIM. prathama ane dvitIya e e mULa prakAra che. (3) syAt ghaDI statvamAna che ane astitvamAna nathI' e tRtIya vidhAnanA svIkAra mATe AdhAra e che ke ghaDe! sva-dhrUvya-kALa-kSetra-paryAyanA sa Mdarbha mAM astitvamAna che ane para-dravyAdinA saMdarbhamAM astitvamAna nathI. A vidhAna dvArA ghaDAnA astitva aMge vidhi ane niSedha ane kramazaH karavAmAM Avela che. A vidhAna mujaba, niNaeNyanA prathama bhAga ghaDAnA vyaktigata guNadharmonA astitvanA dRSTibiMduthI satya che ane tenA dvitIya bhAga dhaDAmAM anya guNadharmonA abhAvanA dRSTibiMduthI satya che. AnA artha e che ke dhaDA tenA vyaktigata guNadharmonA dRSTibiMduthI astitvamAna che ane te tenAmAM anya guNadharmonI gerahAjarInA dRSTibiMduthI astitvamAna nathI. A vidhAnamAM e paryAyAnI kramika abhivyakti che e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. 5 (4) syAt ghaDA avakatavya che' e vidhAna tyAre satya bane che ke jyAre purAgAmI vidhAnanA baMne dRSTibi MduenA eka ja samaye svIkAra karavAmAM Ave che. jyAre dhaDAnA sa Mdarbha mAM astitva ane abhAva bate khyAle ekIsAthe svIkAravAmAM Ave tyAre te avakatavya banI rahe che. ghaDAne sat ane asat kahevA hoya tA tene mATe sat, asat ke anya koI zabda upayAgI thatA na hovAthI jaina zAstrakArA tene avakatavya' zabdathI vyavahAramAM mUke che. A sthitimAM ghaDAne yathArtharUpe - ane rUpe (kramika rIte nahIM para Mtu ekI sAthe) darzAvavA hoya teA te darzAvavA mATe kAI zabda che ja nahI ane tethI DeA avakatavya che" ema kahevAmAM Ave che. astitva ane abhAva e be pAsAM prati ekI sAthe dhyAna manAvaijJAnika ane tArkika azakayatA che. sat ane asat paraspara niSedhaka che ane tethI eka ane samAna vastumAM baMnenu ekI sAthe AreApaNu azakaya che. AthI dhaDe! avakatavya che" ema kahevAmAM Ave che. ja tRtIya ane caturtha vidhAnaprakArA prathama be vacana-prakArAnA sa yAgathI udbhavyA che. prAraMbhanAM be vidhAnA je artha darzAve che te ja ane tRtIya vacanaprakAra mika rIte darzAve che, jyAre caturthAM vacana-prakAra krama vagara yugapat~ekI sAthe darzAve che.

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janadazana - uparokta cAra mULabhUta vidhAne che ane prathama, dvitIya ane tRtIya vidhAmAM caturtha vidhAna umeratAM anukrame pAMcamuM, chaThuM ane sAtamuM vidhAna Ave che. (5) "smAta ghaDe astitvamAna che ane avaktavya che' e vidhAnane artha e che ke ghaDe tenA astitvadarzI svarUpanA saMbaMdhamAM astitvamAna che. paraMtu je tenA astitvadarzI ane abhAvadarzI svarUpane ekI sAthe levAmAM Ave te te avakatavya bane che. te avakatavya che, chatAM te astitvamAna che.' | (6) "smAta ghaDe astitvamAna nathI ane avakatavya che' e vidhAnane artha e che ke ghaDe tenA abhAvadarzaka pAsAmAMnA saMbaMdhamAM astitvamAna nathI. paraMtu tenA astitvadarzI ane abhAvadarzI svarUpanA dRSTibiMduthI nihALatA te avakatavya banI rahe che. A daSTibiMdu avakatavyatA ane abhAvanA saMyojanane nirdeza che. (7). "smAta ghaDe astitvamAna che, astitvamAna nathI ane avakatavya che e vidhAnane artha e che ke ghaDe tenA pitAnA guNadharmane lIdhe astitvamAna, che, tenA abhAvadarzaka guNadharmonA saMbaMdhamAM astitvamAna nathI ane baMne dRSTibiMduone ekI sAthe letA te "avaktavya che. A daSTibiMdu ghaDAnA astitva, abhAva ane avakavyanuM sarjana che. kaI paNa padArthanI nityatA-anityatA, tAdAmya-bhinnatAnA saMbaMdhamAM A sAta vidhAnanI racanA karI zakAya. jaina mate, A saptabhaMgI naya vAstavikatAnuM paryApta varNana ApaNane Ape che. anubhavanI bAbatamAM samagra ane saMpUrNa satyanI racanAnI azakyA ane anubhavAtIta bAbatomAM bhASAnI aparyAptatA, A jaina siddhAMtane hArdane egya TharAve che. padArthanA viziSTa pAsAnuM satya nakkI karavAnuM hoya tyAre te dRSTibiMduthI ja tenuM parIkSaNa karavuM joIe. padArthanuM pratyeka pAsuM sAta daSTibiMduothI nihALI zakAya, ane AmAMnuM pratyeka daSTibiMdu satya che. paraMtu te pAsA aMgenuM samagra satya sAta daSTibiMduonA saMyojanamAM nihita che. vastumAtra aMgenA nirNayanI. A saptabhaMgI naya jena ThuMThavAdanI viziSTa ane advitIya paddhati che. A kaMThAtmaka paddhati syAdvAdanA siddhAMtane anusare che, bIjA zabdomAM, syAdvAda A prakAranI ThaMdhAtmaka paddhati dvArA ja vyakata karI zakAya. syAdvAda jenadarzanane pAme che..

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jene tarkazAstra jevI rIte astitva dhaDAne uparAkata udAharaNamAM lAgu pADavAmAM Avela che tevI rIte zAzvata-azAzvata, eka-aneka, varNa nIya-avaNu nIya jevA pade paNa kAI paNa padArthane lAgu pADI zakAya. vidhAnA A zabdaphera sAthe samAna ja raheze. dA.ta., syAt dhaDA nitya che. (tenA dravyanA dRiibaMduthI), syAt dhA nitya nathI (tenA parivartanazIla svarUpe-paryAya-nA daSTibiM duthI). zrI meAhanalAla mahetA, jaina hU~vAda-AvIkSikInA saptabhaMgI nayanuM hArda nIce mujaba darzAve che: 1. vAda 6 pakSa (vidhAyaka) 2. prativAda ke vipakSa (niSedhaka) 3. sa Mgraha (vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka anukrame) 4. samanvaya (vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka bane ekI sAthe) 5. vAda ane samanvaya (vidhAyaka tathA vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka ane erkIsAthe) 6. prativAda ane samanvaya (niSedhaka tathA vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka ane ekasAthe) 7. sa Mgraha ane samanvaya (vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka ane anukrame temaja vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka ekIsAthe), 1. astitva sat 2. abhAva ke asat 3. astitva ane abhAva 4. avaNuM nIyatA athavA 4. mULabhUta vidhAne 1+4=5 astitva ane avarNanIyatA 2+4=6 abhAva ane avarNanIyatA 3+4=7 astitva, abhAva ane avarNanIyatA 2 1. sarva prathama ApaNe vAda ke pakSa tarIke astitva laIe. 2. tenA prativAda tarIke abhAva maLe che. 3. tyArabAda ApaNe astitva ane abhAva banene ekasAthe anukrame sUphIe chIe. 4. tyAra pachI ApaNe astitva ane abhAva baMnene ekIsAthe eka ja samaye mUkIe chIe. (ApaNe eka ja samaye astitva ane abhAva batenu vaNaeNna karI

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jainana zakatA nathI, kAraNa ke ApaNuM vidhAna prathama be vidhAnAmAMthI kAI paNu eka ja anivAya rIte hoI zake. tethI, ApaNe tene avarNanIya-avakatavya kahIe chIe). 4 mULabhUta vidhAna che. A 5. prathama vidhAnamAM ceAthuM vidhAna umeratAM pAMcamuM vidhAna maLe che. 6. bIjA vidhAnamAM ceAthu vidhAna umeratAM chaThThuM vidhAna maLe che. 7. trInna vidhAnamAM ceAthuM vidhAna umeratAM sAtamuM vidhAna maLe che. 5. sakAdeza ane vikalAdeza 88 pramANanaya-tattvalAka mujaba, hrAtmaka saptama gI nayanA pratyeka vidhAnanA khe prakAre! che: (1) sakalAdeza ane (2) vikalAdeza (1)kalAdeza syAt ghaDe| astitvamAna ja che' (cAt patti chu. ghaz:) -e vAkayathI 'astitva' sAthe rahetA dhaDAnA anya sarva guNAnA khAdha karavAnuM kAma sakalAdezanuM che. sakala eTale tamAma, ane Adeza eTale kathana karanAra. Ama saphalAdeza tamAma guNAnu kathana karanAra che. ane pramANuvAkaca' kahevAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke pramANu saMpUrNa vastune ke tamAma guNAne grahaNa karanAra che. 'aneka lakSaNayukta vastu pramANunA viSaya che' ApaNe jANIe chIe ke padArtha anaMta guNayukta che para Mtu A sarvanu vana ApaNe mATe zakaya nathI. A muzkelI nivAravA mATe ApaNe te padArthanA eka guNane varNa vatA eka zabda ja vAparIe chIe ane anya guNAnuM tenI sAthe tAdAtmya hovAnuM mAnIe chIe. A paddhati dvArA ApaNe padArthanA mAtra viziSTa pAsAnA varNana dvArA tenAM sarva lakSaNAnuM varNana karI zakIe chIe. A vidhAnaprakAra 'sakalAdeza' kahevAya che. 'syAta ghaDA astitvamAna ja che' e vidhAnamAM astitva' zabda ghaDAnAM anya sarve pAsAM (kALa, Atma-rUpa, artha, saMbaMdha, upakAra, guNIdeza, sasa ane zabda dvArA) samAviSTa kare che. (2) vikalAdeza: dhaDA astitvamAna che' (masi ghaTa: !) e vAkayathI dhaDAnA mAtra astitvane darzAvavAnuM kArya vikalAdezanu che. vikala eTale apUrNa ke amuka vastudharma, ane Adeza eTale kathana karanAra. A rIte vikalAdeza eTale apUrNa ke amuka vastu-dharma nuM kathana karanAra. vikalAdezane naya vAkayo mAnavAmAM Ave che.

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jaina zAsa - naya pramANane aMza che. pramANa saMpUrNa vastune grahaNa kare che, jyAre "naye temAMnA aMzane grahaNuM kare che. eka aMza sahita vastu nayane viSaya che. pramANu eTale jJAta vastunuM saMpUrNa prakAre jJAna ApanAra "pramANe che ane A jJAnane prakAzamAM mUkanAra vAkaya pramANuvAkya" che. vastunA amuka aMzanuM jJAna ApanAra naya che ane te amuka aMzanA jJAnane prakAzamAM mUkanAra vAkaya banAvAya che naya paNa vicArAtmaka jJAna ja che. 6. nayanA prakAre vastu ke padArtha anaMta lakSaNayukta che ane temAMthI amuka lakSaNane lagatA abhiprAyanI racanAne "naya" saMjJA ApavAmAM Ave che. eka ja vastu paratve vibhinna daSTibiMduethI uddabhavatA vibhinna yathArtha abhiprAya ke vicAre "naye tarIke oLakhAya che ane tethI naya paNa anaMta che. "naya'nI vyAkhyA viziSTa abhiprAya ke daSTibiMdu tarIke ApI zakAya. te padArtha aMge AMzika satyanI abhivyakti che. nayanA be vyApaka prakAre che: 1. vyArthika, ane 2. paryAyArthika. 1. mULa padArthane dravya' kahevAmAM Ave che. dravyArthika naya eTale mULa padArtha ke sAmAnya tatva para lakSya ApanArA abhiprAya. A naya samasta padArthone nitya mAne che. dA.ta. ghaDe mULa dravya (mATI rUpe) tarIke nitya che. sAmAnya tattvagAmI vicAradaSTi dravyArthika ke kAstika naya che. 2. paryAyArthika ke paryAyAstika naya eTale paryAya (je mULa dravyanuM pariNAma che te) prati lakSya ApanAra abhiprAya. A naya samasta padArthone anitya mAne che, kAraNa ke sarve padArthomAM parivartana thatuM rahe che. sAmAnya rIte nayanA prakAre sAta che: 1. gama naya, 2. saMgraha naya, 3. vyavahAra naya, 4. RjusUtra naya, 5. zabda naya, 6. samabhirUDha naya ane 7. evadbhuta naya. 1. tegama naya padArtha mAtra sAmAnya ane vizeSa guNone saMkula che. naigama naya padArthanAM A baMne pAsA prati lakSya Ape che. A naya mujaba, viziSTa vinA sAmAnyane ke sAmAnya vinA viziSTane samajI zakAya nahIM. dA. ta., huM cetanayukta chuM' e vidhAnamAM "cetanA sAmAnya guNa che ane te sarve mAM sarvasAmAnya che. jyAre

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huM" mArA viziSTa svarUpane arthAta vyaktimattAne sUcave che. jenI dRSTie, sAmAnya ane vizeSa guNe vacce nirapekSa bheda nathI temaja be vacce tAdAmya paNa nathI. - bIju arthaghaTana naigama naya kAryanA lakSya sAthe saMbaMdhita che. tattvArthasAramAM nIce mujaba udAharaNa che. eka vyakti pANI, cekhA ane IdhaNa laI jatI hoya che ane tene "te zuM kare che ?' ema pUchavAmAM AvatAM te huM pAchuM vagere laI jAuM chuM" ema kahevAne badale huM rAMdhu chuM -raI karuM chuM' e javAba Ape che. Ane artha e che ke vyaktinI pratyeka pravRtti ahIM khorAka rAMdhavAnA lakSya dvArA niyaMtrita che. uttara ApatI veLA te rasoI kArya karatI nathI paraMtu tenuM lakSya tenI pratyeka pravRttimAM hAjara che. traNa peTA5kAre naigama nayanA traNa peTAprakAro ke bheda cheH 1. saMkalpa gama, 2. aMza naigama ane 3. Aripa naigama. 1. saMkalpa gama bahAra gAma pravAse janAra vyaktine "zuM kare che ?' ema pUchatAM te javAba Ape che, "huM muMbaI jAuM chuM'. A naya mujaba, "karAtuM hoya te karyuM" (himA kRti ) kahevAya che. 2. aNagama vyaktine kapaDAMne agnine taNakhe sparzatAM jarA lakhatAM te "patAnuM kapaDuM baLI gayuM" ema kahe che. e ja pramANe, khurazIne eka pAye tUTI jatAM "khurazI tUTI gaI" ema kahevAmAM Ave che. A naya mujaba, aMza parathI samasta aMge. kathana karavAmAM Ave che. 3. arepa begama ahIM kALAropa-kALa prakSepaNuM che. eka kALa para anya kALanuM prakSepaNa che. (a) bhUta naigama: bhUtakALamAM banI gayela ghaTanAne vartamAnarUpe vyavahAra kara. dA. ta., "te ja A divALIne divasa che ke je divase bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra nirvANa pAmyA hatA." A bhUtakALane vartamAnamAM upacAra che. zrI mahAvIranA

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jaina takazAstra 91. nirvANa divasa AjanA divALInA divase mAnI lIdhela che. (ba) bhaviSya namaH cekhA pUrA raMdhAI gayA na hovA chatAM "cokhA raMdhAI gayA" ema kahevuM arthAta bhaviSyamAM thanArI vastune "thaI gaI "kahevI e bhaviSyad naigama che. (ka) vartamAna maimamaH cekhA rAMdhavA mATe pANI, IdhaNa vagerenI taiyArI karanAra vyakti "huM cokhA rAMdhu chuM" ema kahe che tyAre te vartamAna negamanuM udAharaNa che, kemake vartamAnamAM cokhA rAMdhavAnI kriyA zarU thaI na hovA chatAM te vartamAnarUpe tenuM kathana kare che. A sivAya paNa bIjA anekavidha Aropa-prakSepaNe che. suMdara yuvatIne joIne keI kahe, "te mUrtimaMta soMdarya che ke mAtA pitAnI vahAlasoyI putrIne kahe "tuM te mArI AMkhanuM ratana che,' te A paNa Aropa gamamAM aMtargata upacAra naigamanAM udAharaNa che. (2) saMgraha naya A naya padArthane sAmAnya viziSTa nahIM) guNadharmo sAthe saMbaMdhita che.. dAta., vAstavikatA eka che kAraNa ke te sata che e saMgraha nayanuM vidhAna che. A naya vAstavikatAnA viziSTa guNe ke paryAne badale tene sAmAnya guNadharmo prati dhyAna Ape che. tenAM zuddha svarUpamAM te "te che jevA saraLa kathana sAthe ja saMbaMdhita che, ahIM padArtha tenA sarva viziSTa lakSaNe ke paryAthI alaga rIte nirdezavAmAM Avela che. anya sarva kathane eka ke anya rIte eka ke anya. lakSaNe sAthe saMbaMdhita hoya che ane e rIte sarve no viSaya bane che. (3) vyavahAra naya A naya padArthanA viziSTa (sAmAnya nahIM) guNadharmo sAthe saMbaMdhita che. tene viSaya saMgraha nayanA padArthane eka aMza-bhAga ja che. ahIM saMgraha nayanA viSayanuM viziSTa rIte vargIkaraNa thAya che. "sata dravya ke paryAya che' e vyavahAra nayanA udAharaNamAM "sa" nuM vargIkaraNa dravya ke paryAyamAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. uparokta traNa na-gama, saMgraha ane vyavahAra na-padArthonA tAdAbhya. (ekya) nihALavAnuM pariNAma che. A nave sAmAnya rIte vAstavikatAnA dravya-pAsAne samajavAnA prayAsa che ane tethI A naya dravyArthika na tarIke oLakhAya che. anya cAra no-hajusUtra zabda, samabhirUDha, ane evaMbhUta na-vAstavikatAmAMnA paryAyanA daSTibiMduthI vAstavikatAne pRthakkaraNanA prayAso che ane tethI teo. paryAyArthika na tarIke oLakhAya che.

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jenadana ( ) jusUtra naya A naya padArthanA vartamAna svarUpane (bhUta ane bhAvi svarUpane badale) mahavapUrNa mAne che, kAraNa ke te ja kSaNa pUratuM upayogI che. A naya pAchaLanI dalIla tatkAlIna upayogitA che ane tethI te svAbhAvika rIte padArthanA vartamAna pAsA--tenA astitvanI kSaNika sthiti-gANitika vartamAna-para nirbhara che. dA. ta., "huM A kSaNe sukhI chuM" e vidhAna mArA sukhanI vartamAna sthiti sAthe saMbaMdhita che. A naya vastu (dA. ta., suvarNa)nA navAM navAM rUpAMtara (dA. ta., baMgaDI, vIMTI, -erIMga vagere) prati lakSa kheMce che. ahIM bhUta-bhaviSyanI sthiti prati lakSa ApavAmAM -AvatuM nathI. (5) zabda naya A naya mujaba, paryAyavAcI zabda samanAtha che kAraNa ke te sarva eka ane samAna padArthane vyakta kare che. rAjA, nRpa, nRpati, bhUpati vagere paryAyavAcI zabda samAnArthI che. e ja pramANe, kuMbha, kaLaza, ghaTa vagere paNa paryAyavAcI zabda samAnArthI che. A naya paryAyavAcI zabda vaccenA bheda sAthe nahIM paraMtu tenA arthanI samAnatA sAthe ja saMbaMdhita che. (6) samabhirUddha naya A naya uparokta zabda nayathI viparita che. te zabdonI asamAnatA para dhyAna Ape che. paryAyavAcI zabdo paNa AmAM apavAdarUpa nathI. vyutpattinI daSTie zabda bhinna, asamAna che ane tenA AdhAre temanA vacce bheda pADI zakAya. - zabdabheda (vyutpatti bheda) arthabhedaka che. dA. ta., rAja eTale rAjacihnothI zobhe ta, nRpa eTale prajAnuM pAlana kare che te ane bhUpati eTale pRthvInuM saMvardhana karanAra. A rIte rAjA, nRpati ane bhUpati e traNa paryAyavAcI zabdo vacce arthabheda ke mahattA samajI zakAya che. paryAyavAcI zabda bhinna arthavALA na hoya te ghaTa, paTa, a vagere zabdo paNa bhinna arthavALA na thavA joIe. tethI zabdanA bhedathI arthano bheda che. prAcIna jaina ciMtaka mujaba, A dRSTibiMdune inkAra ghaTa ane paTa jevA ansamAnArthI zabda vaccenA bhedanA I- kAmAM pariName. (7) evabhUta naya A vyutpattimUlaka abhigamanuM tArkika pariNAma che. vyutpattijanya paddhita - zabdanA mULa sAthe saMbaMdhita che kAraNake A mULamAMthI zabdano artha niSpanna

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rina tarkazAstra 93 thAya che. jyAre padArtha zabdanI vyutpattijanya artha dvArA sUcita tenuM svAbhAvikakArya bajAvavAnI mUrtimaMta sthitimAM hoya tyAre ja A naya zabda dvArA nirdika padArthane svIkAra kare che. vyutpattinI daSTie evabhUtane artha che zabda ane arthanA saMbaMdhamAM tenI samagratAmAM satya. vAstavamAM zatruone vinAza karanAra vyakti ja "puraMdara' kahevAya che. e ja pramANe go (gAya) eTale je jAya che te (jItIti nauka ) je gAya gatizIla na hoya paraMtu beDI hoya to te samaye tene ge" kahI zakAya nahIM. jyAre te jatI hoya tyAre ja tene "ge" kahI zakAya. e ja pramANe, vAstavamAM rAjacihnothI zobhI rahyo hoya tyAre ja rAjA, manuSyanuM rakSaNa karatA hoya tyAre ja tRpa vagere zabdaprayoga vAstavika Thare. ahIM dalIla e che ke svIkRta kSaNe padArtha zabada dvArA vyakta thatAM kArya karavAnI sthitimAM na hoya ane chatAM te te padArtha tarIke svIkArAya te pachI ghaTa ne "paTa" paNa kahI zakAya. alabatta, pachI bhale ghaTa, paTanuM kArya karavAnI sthitimAM na hoya. keI vyakti kharekhara sevAmAM saMlagna hoya tyAre ja ane teTalI vAra ja tene "sevaka kahI zakAya... yuddha karatI hoya tyAre ja vyaktine " " kahI zakAya. Ama A naya mujaba, jyAre kharekhara kAma thatuM hoya tyAre ja tene lagatuM vizeSaNa ke vizeSya nAma vAparI zakAya, anyathA nahIM. samApana A sAta na judAM judAM daSTibiMdue che, bhinna bhinna bAbatanA sApekSA abhiprAya che. pratyeka "nayarane 100 peTA vibhAjane che. A rIte ekaMdare 700 no che. A uparAMta, eka maMtavya mujaba, naya mAtra 6 che, nigama nayane ahIM naya tarIke svIkAra thato nathI. bIjA maMtavya mujaba, nayanI saMkhyA mAtra 5 che. ahIM samabhirUDha ane evaMbhUta nayane svataMtra natya tarIke svIkAra karavAmAM Avato nathI, paraMtu zabda nayamAM temane samAveza karavAmAM Ave che. 9. ALCULO! (Fallacy of Naya or Fallacious Nayas) : nayanAM daSTibiMduone nirapekSa svarUpamAM svIkAravAmAM Ave athavA te anya nAnA daSTibiMduone inkAravAmAM Ave ke te prati durlakSa karavAmAM Ave te nayAbhAsa ubhave che. 7 nayane anurUpa nIcenA 7 nayabhAse che. 1. naigamAbhAsa * sAmAnya ane viziSTa guNadharmo vacce saMpUrNa -ekAMta-kevaLabheda naigamAbhAsa che. dA.ta. keI vidhAna AtmA ane cetanA ekamekathI saMdatara bhinna hoya tevI rIte be vastronI alagatA prasthApita kare te te gamAbhAsanuM udAharaNa che.

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2. saMcahAbhAsa padArthanA sArvatrika pAsAM para atizaya bhAra ke tenA viziSTa pAsAM prati kevaLa udAsInatAne badale temane inkAra e saMgrahAbhAsa che. 3. vyavahArAbhAsa dravya-paryAya vibhAgane asatya kahIe ane kevaLa bhedagAmI banI abhedane vakhoDI kADhIe tyAre vyavahArAbhAsa che. cArvAkanI vAstavika tarIke mAtra cAra -mukhya tattvonI beTI pasaMdagImAM A deSa daSTigocara thAya che. sArvatrikanA bhoge - vyAvahArikanuM kathana karatAM cArvAka A deSa kare che. 4. jusUvAbhAsa padArthonA dhruva(nityatA)nA sarvathA inkAra karatAM A nayAbhAsa uddabhave che. ahIM pratyeka padArthane koIpaNa prakAranA sAmAnya ke zAzvata lakSaNaviheNe hevAthI kSaNabhaMgura mAnavAmAM Ave che. 5. zabdAbhAsa A doSa be zabdo vaccenA saMpUrNa tAdAtmayanA kathana dvArA udbhave che. - kALa, liMga, vagerenA bhede zabdanA arthabhedanuM samarthana zabdAbhAsa che. bhUtakALaprayukta ane vartamAnakALaprayukta rAjagRha' zabda judA rAjagRhe darzAve che evI mAnyatA AnuM udAharaNa che. 6. samabhirUdAbhAsa paryAyavAcI zabdone judA judA artha mAnavAne Agraha samariTAbhAsa che. - paryAvavAcI zabdanA arthanI saMpUrNa bhinnatAnA kathanamAM A doSa che. 7. evabhUtAbhA 3 varganI bahAra zikSaka bina-zikSaka che ema kahevAmAM A doSa thAya che. Ama, vastunA astitvane zabda dvArA vyakta thatAM tene viziSTa kAryanI kAmagIrI para saMpUrNa rIte nirbhara karavAmAM A doSa ubhave che. upasaMhAra jaina darzana mujaba, vAstavikatA anaMta lakSaNayukta che. mAnava-jJAna tene koi svarUpamAM AMzika jJAna che. anekAMtavAda ke syAdvAda A hakIkatanI spaSTa svIkRti che. saptabhaMgImAM "syAta" zabdano upayoga A hakIkatanA samarthana samAna che. nayavAda padArthane vibhinna dRSTibiMduethI nihALavAmAM ane padArthanA vibhinna

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jaina tarkazAstra pAsAMne prakAzita karavAmAM ApaNane sahAyarUpa thAya che. nayavAda sAta mukhya daSTibiMduo arthAt no nirdeza che je mujaba padArthane nihALI zakAya. teo bhinna bhinna bAbatanA sApekSa abhiprAya che. A nayanA daSTibiMduone nirapekSa svarUpamAM svIkAra ke anya nAnA daSTibiMduone inkAra ke temanA prati durlakSa nayabhAsamAM pariName che. 8jenA pramANamImAMsA 1, prAstAvika prameya (jJAnane viSaya)nI siddhi pramANa dvArA ja thAya che (mera kiTaH mALA )e sarva bhAratIya darzanamAM sarvasvIkRta siddhAMta che. pratyeka darzana tava ke prameya aMgenA pitAnA matanI sthApanA, tenI parIkSA ane tene nirNaya pramANa dvArA ja kare che. prAcIna kALathI prameya tatvanI sAthe sAthe ja pramANa-carcA paNa daSTigocara thAya che ane tene AdhAre jaDa-cetana aMge nirupaNa thatuM jovA maLe che. 2 pramANa : pramANu pramA (yathArtha jJAna)nuM karaNa (sAdhana) che. (ghamAyA: vALa kALAn) pramANa dvArA padArthanuM yathArtha jJAna thAya che (mIle Dane te pramAma) padArthanuM yathAtasvarUpe jJAna "pramA" che. (mati answArAnumava: pramAH ) padAthane nizcita karanAra jJAna pramANa che. jenA mate, nirNAyaka-nizcayAtmaka jJAna pramANanuM hArda che. nizcayAtmaka jJAna ja pramANe che. yathArtha jJAnano uddabhava sAthe saMzaya, bhrama ke mUDhatA adazya thAya che ane vastu svarUpa para prakAza paDe che. vastunI sAcI samaja prApta thAya che. AthI A jJAna pramANa kahevAya che. pramANane AdhAre sAcuM jJAna prApta thAya che. yathArtha-sAcuM jJAna pramANa che. jJAna ane pramANa vacceno saMbaMdha vyApya-vyApaka saMbaMdha che. jJAna vyApaka che ane pramANa vyApya che. jJAna yathArtha -ayathArtha baMne prakAranuM hoya che. samyaka nirNAyaka jJAna yathArtha che, jyAre saMzayaviparyaya vagere jJAna ayathArtha che. sarve pramANa jJAna yathArtha jJAna che paraMtu sarve jJAna pramANa nathI. vastunA saMzaya vagerethI mukta evuM mizrita jJAna ja pramANa che. ajJAnanivAraNa, iSTa vastu-grahaNu ane aniSTa vastu-tyAga pramANunI phaLazruti che. pramANane jJAna svarUpa mAnIe te ja A zakaya che tethI padArthanA samyagU anubhavamAM karaNuM (sAdhana) banavAnuM zreya jJAnane ja prApta thAya che. Ama, jJAna ane pramANa vacce abheda che. umAsvAti tattvArthasUtramAM jJAnanA padArtho ane jJAnanA pramANu vacce kaI bheda pADatA nathI. jJAna sva-para prakAzaka che. dIpakanI jema, jJAna svayaM prakAzita banIne padArthane prakAzita kare che. jJAna svayaMne jANe che ane bAhya padArthane paNa jANe che. vAdidevasUrinA zabdomAM pramANa sva

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jenA ane paranuM nizcayAtmaka jJAna (dayara cakAcA zA mALA) jJAnarUpa pramANe. mATe paNa e Avazyaka che ke te svayaMne jANe ane padArthane paNa jANe zrI hemacaMdra pramANamImAMsAmAM darzAve che. vArtha maLa: gALa-padArtha aMgene yathArtha (samyapha) nirNaya ke sAcuM jJAna pramANa che. bIjA zabdomAM jJAnanuM sAdhana padArthanuM pramANabhUta nizcayAtmaka savikalpaka jJAna che, jaina mate anizcita nirvikaTapaka jJAna e jJAna ja nathI. te mAtra anizcita pratyakSa ke darzana ja che. jJAna ahIM svayaM pramANita svarUpanuM hoI anavasthA deSane prazna udbhavatAM nathI. AthI jeTalAM yathArtha jJAna che teTalAM ja pramANa che. 3. pramANunI saMkhyA : bhinna bhinna bhAratIya darzanamAM pramANanI saMkhyA bhinna bhinna jovA maLe che. cArvAka darzana eka mAtra pratyakSane ja pramANa tarIke svIkAre che, vazeSika darzana ane boddha darzana pratyakSa ane anumAna e bene pramANa tarIke mAnya rAkhe che, sAMkhya darzana, pratyakSa anumAna ane zabdane ema traNa pramANene svIkAre che, nyAya darzana pratyakSa, anumAna ane zabda uparAMta upamAna ema cAra pramANe svIkAre che, prabhAkara mImAMsA uparokta cAra pramANe sAthe arthapattine pramANu tarIke svIkArIne kula pAMca pramANe mAnya rAkhe che, bhaTTa mImAMsA uparokta pAMca sAthe abhAvane pramANa tarIke sthAna ApI cha pramANe svIkAre che, caraka uparokta che uparAMta muktine sAtamAM pramANa tarIke mAnya rAkhe che ane purANu AmAM atighane umere karIne ATha pramANe svIkAre che. 4. jena daSTie pramANanuM vagIkaraNa (classification of Pramana according to the Jaina) jaina darzana mujaba, pramANunI saMkhyA mukhyatve be che: (1) pratyakSa ane (2) parekSa. pramANanuM pratyakSa ane pakSamAM vargIkaraNa jaina takazAstranI AgavI sUjha che. A be prakAromAM sarva pramANe samAviSTa thAya che. pratyakSa prApti-kALamAM svataMtra che, jyAre parokSa sAdhana-parataMtra. tethI pratyakSane padArtha sAthe sAkSAta saMbaMdha che ane parAkSane anyanA mAdhyama dvArA. pratyakSanuM lakSaNa spaSTatA che, saMnikarSa ke kalpanArahitatA (jAti, dravya vagere pratyayarahita) nathI. pratyakSa ravayaM pUrNa che. tene anya koI AdhAra ke sahAyanI AvazyakatA nathI. jJAnanI pratyakSatA mATe padArtha ane tenI vacce aMtarAyane abhAva he Avazyaka che. jaina dRSTie, pratyakSamAM jJAna ane seya vacce anya koI mAdhyama nathI. Atma-pratyakSa ja vAstavika pratyakSa che. Indri dvArA maLatuM jJAna indriyAzrita hevAthI vAstavamAM parokSa jJAna che, pratyakSa jJAna nathI.

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jaina tarkazAstra pratyakSanA be prakArA che : (a) sAMvyavahArika (laukika) pratyakSa (empirical, pragmatic or sensory perceptpn) ane (ba) pAramArthika ke vAstavika ke atIndraya pratyakSa (transcendental, real or extra-sensory perception)* (a) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSanI cAra bhUmikAe che H 1. avaxk (sensation), : 2. dRA (speculation), 3. avAya (determinate perception) ane 4. dhAraNA (retention). (ba) pAramArthika pratyakSa ke Atma-pratyakSanA be prakArA che : 1. kevaLajJAnapUrNa ke sakala pratyakSa ane 2.ne-kevaLajJAna-apUrNa ke vikala pratyakSa nA vaLa jJAna ke apUrNa (vikala) pratyakSanA e peTA prakAza che: 1. avadha ane 2. manaH paryAya. parAkSa pramANanA pAMca prakAre nIce mujaba che : 1. smRti (recollection), 2. prabhanA (recognition), 3. tarka (inductive reasoning) 4. anumAna (inference), ane 5. Agama (authority) uparAMkata pramANa-vargIkaraNa nIce mujaba kADAmAM rajU karI zakAya : pramANa sAMvyavahArika / pratyakSa avagraha IlA avAya dhAraNA 1 pAramArthika smRti pratyabhijJA ta anumAna Agama pAramArthika pUNa (sakala) kaivala parAkSa avidha pramALa duvA pracakSa parokSa haiM| (tramALamImAMsA-1.1.9-10) je. 7 3 apUrNa (vikala) ne kaivala mana:paryAya

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jainadarzana 1. pratyakSa pramANa (Direct or Perceptual Pramana) (a) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa 1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSanuM svarUpa : Indriya ane mananI sahAya dvArA prApta thatuM jJAna Indriya mATe pratyakSa che (paratu AtmA mATe parokSa che, tethI tene indriya-pratyakSa kahevAmAM Ave che. Indriyane mAdhyama dvArA thatuM jJAna AtmA mATe sAkSAt nathI tethI te pratyakSa nathI. Indriya anya koI sahAya vinA padArthonuM jJAna pratyakSa rIte meLave che tethI te Indriya -pratyakSa che. cakSu je rUpa jue che, jIbha je rasa grahaNa kare che, nAka je gaMdha le che, tvacA je sparze che, kAna je zabda zravaNa kare che te sarve Indriya pratyakSa che. pAMca IndrimAM judA judA pAMca guNe-viSaye (rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza ane zabda) grahaNa karavAnI zakti che. te sarve potAnA grAhya viSaya sivAya anya viSayane grahaNa karI zakatI nathI. pAMca IndriyonA viSaye pRthaka ane niyata che. A rIte Indriya pratyakSanA pAMca peTA prakAre nIce mujaba che: 1. cakSurindriya-pratyakSa, 2. jihendriya-pratyakSa, 3. dhrANendriya pratyakSa 4. spaze. ndriya pratyakSa, 5. zravaNendriya pratyakSa. mAnasa-pratyakSa (mana dvArA prApta sukha vagere saMvedanA) ahIM Indriya-pratyakSamAM samAviSTa che. vyavahAramAM anubhavAtA A IndriyapratyakSane sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa evuM nAma sarvaprathama jinabhadrajIe ApyuM che. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa Indriya ane mana para AdhArita ane sImita che. (AnidrA nAmata rAta gAmita 1 parikSAmu, 2. 5). Indriya ane mana sAMvyavahArika pratyakSanI AvazyakatAo (pRthaka temaja sAmuhika baMne arthamAM chejyAre indriye mukhya bhAga bhajave che ane mane tenI niSpattimAM prabhAva pADe che tyAre te indriyonI AvazyakatAyukta che. jyAre te eka prakAranI zuddhi sAthe mana dvArA niSpanna thAya che tyAre te mananI AvazyakatAyukta che. IndriyonA sarve padArtho mana dvArA grahaNa thAya che ane tethI te sarve padArthagrAhI Indriya kahevAya che. te anindriya (non-sense), 21-biasey (no-sense), H&H Ulasa (subtle sense), } aMtaHkaraNa (internet sense) tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. Indriye temaja mananA bhautika temaja Atmika evA be prakAre pADavAmAM Ave che. bhautika Indri bhautika paramANu yukta che ane bhautika mana temAM rUpAMtarita thayela pudgala sivAya kaMI nathI. bAhya Indriye phakta mUrta padArthone AMzika rIte grahaNa kare che. mana mUrta temaja amUrta badhA padArtho temanA aneka rUpe sAthe grahaNa kare che, bhUta-bhaviSya-vartamAna traNene grahaNa kare che. mananuM kArya vicAra karavAnuM che. vicAra manane viSaya che.

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jaina takazAstra 99 keTalAkanA mate, Indri ane mana pratyakSanI paryApta AvazyakatA nathI. temanA mate, uparokata AvazyaktAo uparAMta daSTi pratyakSa mATe padArtha ane prakAzanI hAjarInI vadhArAnI AvazyakatAo paNa jarUrI che. paraMtu jaina daSTie, A baMne jarUrI AvazyakatA nathI, teo dUragAmI AvazyakatA che. pANInA saMvedananI gerahAjarI chatAM raNamAM mRgajaLanuM pratyakSa thAya che. Indriya-pratyakSamAM padArtha sAthe indriyane saMga nIce mujaba thAya che ? 1. jIhA rasAsvAda kare che tyAM jinhA ane rasane saMyoga barAbara hoya che. 2. tvacA (cAmaDI) sparzAnubhava kare che tyAM tvacA ane sparya vastune saMga spaSTa hoya che. 3. nAsendriya (nAka) gaMdha le che tyAM gaMdhavALAM dravyo tenI sAthe avazya saMga dharAve che. dUranI gaMdhanI bAbatamAM paNa dUranAM gaMdhavALAM sUkSma dravya nAkanI sAthe avazya saMyogamAM hoya che. 4. kAna tyAre ja zravaNa kare che ke jyAre dUra ke najIkathI AvatA zabaLe tenI sAthe athaDAya che. (jaina mate, zabda dravya che-bhASAvargaNanA pugala-skaMdhe che.) 2. A rIte ja indriya padArtha sAthe saMkti thaIne pitAnA viSayane grahaNa kare che. paraMtu cakSu(AMkhathI) najIka ke dUranA padArtho tenI pAse AvatA nathI, e spaSTa che tethI cakSu sAthe saMjita thayA vinA A padArtho tene pratyakSa thAya che. AthI jena nyAyazAstramAM cakSune aprApyakArI (aprApya = prApti-saMga karyA vagara ane kArI = viSayane grahaNa karanAra) ane zeSa cAra InTine prAyakArI kahevAmAM Ave che. mana paNa cakSunI jema aprApyakArI che. 2. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSanI bhUmikAo : Indriya ane mana dvArA prApta thatuM Indriya-pratyakSa jJAna arthAta matijJAna alpavikasita che. tethI padArthanA jJAnamAM temane eka nizcita krama che. pratyakSa jJAnanI utpatti kramamAM thAya che. AthI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSanA nIce mujabanA bakakAo che: Is) avagraha (sensation), (2) IhA (speculation), (3) avAya (determainate perception) ane (4) dhAraNuM (retention).

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100 (1) avaya (sensation) : avagraha(sa vedana)nA a che prathama jJAna. sAmAnyataH rUpa, te avagraha che, indriya ane padArtha vacce sa Mbadha thatA ja tenA che. nAtAne tenuM jJAna-tenA viziSTa guNanuM jJAna thatuM pramANa kahI zakAya nahIM. avagraha nAma vagerenuM viziSTa kapanArahita sAmAnya mAtranuM jJAna mAtra che. A jJAnanA prathama tabakko che. AmAM padArthanuM sAmAnya svarUpa grahaNa thAya che. A kaMIka che' eTalA ja khyAla ahIM maLe che. dA. ta., ApaNe kAI rvAna sAMbhaLIe tyAre te dhvani zene che tenuM jJAna prAraMbhamAM thatu nathI. A avasthA avagraha che. temAM kevaLa viSaya-grahagu thAya che. indriya ane padArtha vaccenA sAmAnya sakhdha-sattAjJAna darzana' che. ane darzana bAda utpanna thatu sAmAnya jJAna avagraha che. ahIM mAtra sattA-astitva-nuM nahIM paraMtu padArthanuM prAraMbhika jJAna thAya che. jainadarzana (2) Iha (Speculation) : IhA pratyakSIkRta sAmagrInI viziSTa vigatonA jJAna mATenA jijJAsAyukta prayAsa che. khInta zabdomAM, avagRhItArthIne viziSTa svarUpe jANavAnA prayAsanI IcchA IlA che. vastuniSTha sAmagrI (dA. ta. dhvani)nA sa Mvedana(avagraha)ne lIdhe zaMkA udbhave che ke te niza MkhamAMthI ke zgamAMthI niSpanna thayela che. mana, niyanA svarUpamAMnA sumeLa-kumeLanA viziSTa muddA vicAravA prerAya che. avagrahamAM kyAMkathI sAMbhaLela dhvani kAnA che ? kANu khAle che ? strI ke puruSa ? tyArabAda svaranI tulanA thAya che. svara madhura AkarSaka hoya tA te kAI strIne che. puruSanA svara kaDhera ane rUkSa hoya che. A svara puruSanA hoI zake nahIM. IAmAM jJAna A kakSAparyaMta pahoMce che. kAI dazya AkRtinA cakSu dvArA, kAI zabdanA karNa dvArA, AI sparzIne tvacA dvArA (avagraharUpe) pratimAsa thayA bAda vizeSa cihno taiyAbAda, 'A vRkSa hovu teIe mANasa nahI' 'A dhvani za MkhanA hovA joIe, jIMganA nahI'-A prakAranI nirNayAbhimukha vicAraNA hA' che. spa vagerenA pratibhAsa astitvane paricaya thAya nathI ane tethI tene IhA ane sazaya (zakA) vaccene bheda spaSTa karavA Avazyaka che. zaMkA -soMzaya IvA (ciMtana)nuM purAgAmI svarUpa che, jyAre ciMtana saMzayathI para cheAgaLa che. IhA thatAM sazayanI samApta thAya che. saMzayamAM virATa padArthanI anizcitatA che, jyAre iMDAmAM amuka prakAranI nizcitatA che. saMzaya-zakA-mAM e pallAM sarakhAM che. temAM nananA kAI eka bAju jhukAva nathI. puruSa ke strInA

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jaina tarkazAsra 101 avAja ? A aMge kAI nihya thatA nathI. jJAnanI dazA viMzaku-sI rahe che. khIjI bAjue IMDAmAM nAna eka bAjue jhuke che. alabatta, IhAmAM pUrNa nirNaya thatA nathI. paraMtu jJAna nirNayanI khAju avazya jhUke che. (3) avAya (Determinate Perception) : avAya eTale nizcaya. avAya IhAnA viSayanA viziSTa guNunA nizcaya che-aMtima nizcaya che. IDA pachI 'A vRkSa ja che', 'A dhvani zRMganeA nahIM paraMtu za MkhanA ja che' evA nirNaya thAya te 'avAya' che. AmAM samyak-asamyaphanI vicAraNA pUrNa svarUpe paripakava bane che ane asamyaknu nivAraNa thatAM samyakanA nirNaya thAya che. Ama avAyanuM svarUpa vidhAyaka che. jJAnane niSedhAtmaka mAnatI para MparA 'avAya' ne badale apAya' zabdaprayAga kare che. (8) dhAraNA (Retention) : dhAraNA smRtinI paristhiti che. avAya bAda dhAraNA thAya che. dhAraNAmAM jJAna eTaluM dara bane che ke te smRtinuM kAraNa banI rahe che. te ApaNI bhUtakAlIna anubhava dvArA avarodha tarIke sa MgrahAyela pradanta mAnasika cihna ja che. A rIte je jJAna prApta thAya che tenu manamAM thayeluM dhAraNa te dhAraNA' che. uparokta krama nizcita ja che. temAM dAI pheraphArane avakAza nathI. padArtha - traNa bAda vicAra thaI zake che, vicAra bAda ja nizcaya thaI zake che ane nizcaya pachI ja dhAraNA thaI zake che. tethI IhA avagrahapUrvaka thAya che. avAya IhApU ka ane dhAraNA avAyapUrvaka. A pramANe avagraha vagere 4 jJAnAnA utpatti-krama che, (ba) pAramArthika pratyakSa (Transcendental Perception) Indriya ane mananI sahAya vinA AtmAne padArthanuM je sAkSAt nAna thAya che tene pAramArthika pratyakSa, Atma-pratyakSa ke atIndraya pratyakSa kahevAmAM Ave che. pAramArthika pratyakSa pratyakSarIte AtmAmAMthI niSpanna thAya che, te indriya ke mana para AdhArita nathI. pratyakSa jJAnamAM padArtha ane tenI vacce kAI aMtarAya nathI, jJAna ane ya vacce kAI mAdhyama nathI ane tene anya kAI AdhAra ke sahAyanI AvazyakatA nathI. pUrNa pratyakSa sarva kanya AvaraNene saMpUrNa nAza thatAM udbhave che. sarva aMtarAyarUpa AvaraNAnA sa MpUrNa nAza bAda udbhavatA AtmAnA janmajAta svarUpanA pUrNa AviSkArane Atma-pratyakSa' kahevAmAM Ave che. AtmAnu hArda cetanA che ane te tenA svarUpathI prakAzita che. AtmAnA prakAzita svarUpanA

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jainadarzana AviSkAra (je AtmAnA ja AviSkAra che te). pAramArthika pratyakSa' tarIke ALakhAya che. te indriya ane mana jevAM bAhya sAdhaneAnI sahAyathI mukata che; tethI te 'atIndriya pratyakSa' paNa kahevAya che. pAramArthika pratyakSa zuddha che, pUrNa che, sarva jJAnAmAM zreSTha che. tethI te saphala pratyakSa ke pUrNa pratyakSa paNa kahevAya che. te tmAnuM janmajAta lakSaNa che, temAM AtmA tenA zuddha svarUpamAM AviSkAra pAme -prakaTa thAya che ane te pratyakSarIte samagra vAstaviktA nihALe che. AthI te kevaLa jJAna' paNa kahevAya che. zuddha pratyakSa sa zakaya AvaraNAno saMpUrNa laya thayA bAda ja udbhave che. A AvaraNAnA nAzamAM taphAvatA hoya tyAre arvAdhajJAna ane mana:paryAya jJAna evA pAramArthi ka pratyakSanA be apUrNa vikala prakAza prApta thAya che. Ama (1) avadhijJAna ane (2) mana:paryAya jJAna ane (3) kevaLa jJAna ema pAramArthika pratyakSanA traNa prakAra che ane AmAMthI prathama be prakAreA apUrNa hAI vila pratyakSa' kahevAya che, jyAre trIjo prakAra sakala pratyakSa' kahevAya che. A traNe jJAna Indriya mananI apekSA vinA kavaLa AtmazaktithI prakaTa thAya che ane tethI atIndriyajJAna kahevAya che. A traNa pAramArthika pratyakSAnu nirupaNa have pachInA prakaraNa 4mAM 'jJAnanA prakAra'mAM karIzuM. 102 jJAnApayeAganA be bheda che. (1) svabhAva jJAna ane (2) vibhAva jJAna. svabhAvajJAna pUrNa hoya che, temAM kAIpaNa IndriyanI AvazyaktA nathI. sIdhA AtmAmAMthI thatu pUrNa jJAna svabhAva jJAna che. A jJAna pratyakSa ke sAkSAt che. ane kevaLa jJAna kahe che. dhruvaLane artha che asahAya ke ekalu. A jJAna kadI mithyA-asatya hatuM nathI. 2. parAkSa pramANa (Indirect or Non-perceptual Pramana) pratyakSa pramANa ane tenA prakArA bAda have ApaNe parAkSa pramANa joIzuM. parAkSa pramANa pratyakSathI viparita che. parAkSa jJAnamAM tatkAlInatA (immediacy) ane spaSTatAnA abhAva che. tenA pAMca prakAro che : 1. smRti, 2. pratyabhijJA, 3. tarka, 4. anumAna ane 5. Agama. have ApaNe A pratyeka aMge vizadatAthI carcA karIzuM. smRti dhAraNAmUlaka che. pratyabhinA smRti ane anubhavamUlaka che, tarka pratyabhinAmUlaka che, anumAna ta nirNita sAdhanamUlaka che eTalA mATe A badhA parAkSa che. mana zrutanu sAdhana che ane Agama tenA eka zabdamUlaka che ane tethI pAkSa che. prakAra che. Agama

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10 3 jaina tarkazAstra (1) smRti (Recollection): bhAratIya darzanamAM mAtra jaina darzane ja smRtine jJAnanA yathArtha ane svataMtra sAdhana tarIke mAnya rAkhe che. smRti atItanA anubhavanuM smaraNa che. smRti smRti-rekhAo (memory -impressions-smRticihno)ne udIpana dvArA thatuM jJAna che ane te tenI sAmagrIne te sarvanAma dvArA nirdeza che. Avazyaka paristhitio (jevI ke, aMtarAyone abhAva, samAnatA, virodha vagere)nI hAjarImAM smRti udabhave che. anubhavela hakIkatanI yAda smaraNa ke smRti che. mRtine pramANa tarIke na svIkAranAra evo vAMdho le che ke smRtine viSaya atItane padArtha che ane te te naSTa thayela che. Ama, smRti mATe vastuniSTha AdhAra nathI. je jJAnane keI viSaya na hoya, je anubhavane vartamAna AdhAra na hoya te kevI rIte udbhavI zake ? viSaya vinA jJAna kevI rIte utpanna thAya ? Ano uttara nIce mujaba che: smRtimAM bhUtakALamAM anubhavela padArtha nizcita rIte che ja. padArthanI vAstavikatA (nahIM ke tenI mUrta hAjarI) ja jJAnanI yathArthatA mATenI AvazyakatA che. trikALanA padArthane grahaNa karatA anumAnane paNa pramANu kahI zakAze nahIM. vAstavamAM keIpaNa kALane padArtha jJAnane viSaya banI zake che. smRti aMge eka bIje vAMdho paNa uThAvavAmAM Ave che. nacha padArtha jJAnanI utpattinuM kAraNa kevI rIte banI zake ? Ane uttara nIce mujaba cheH jaina daSTie jJAnanI yathArthatA mATe padArtha jJAnotpattinuM anivArya kAraNa nathI. jJAna ane padArtha pitApitAnAM kAraNe dvArA utpanna thAya che. jJAnamAM evI zakti che ke jethI te padArthane potAne viSaya banAvI zake che. padArthane e svabhAva che ke te jJAnane viSaya banI zake che. jevI rIte ghaTa vagere padArtho dvArA nahIM paraMtu tenI potAnI paristhitio dvArA utpanna thayela prakAza ghaTa vagere padArthone prakaTa kare che tevI rIte padArtha dvArA nahIM paraMtu tenA potAnA kAraNasara utpanna thayela jJAna tenA padArthane prakaTa kare che. (2) pratyAbhijJA (Recognition): pratyabhitAmAM pratyakSa ane smRti e baMnenuM saMkalana che. pratyabhijJAmAM be prakAranA anubhavo kAryarata che. 1. vartamAnakALamAM thatuM pratyakSa, ane 2. bhUtakALanA anubhava rUpa smRti-smaraNa. pratyabhijJA pratyakSa ane smaraNa dvArA utpanna thatuM

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jainadarzana ghaDe saMzleSaka jJAna che. 'A te ja che" e udAharaNamAM 'A' pratyakSanA viSaya che ane te ja' smRtinA viSaya che. ghaDA baMnemAM eka ja che. tethI A tAdAtmya (abheda)viSayaka pratyabhijJA che A dhaDeA te ghaDA jevA che' athavA gavaya gAya jevu prANI che' e jJAna sAdaviSayaka che. nyAyasa Mmata upamAnapramANa e ja A sAdaviSayaka pratyAbhijJA che. A tenAthI bhinna che' ke bheMsa gAyathI bhinna che' jevAM udAharaNa sAdazyAbhAva (viSamatA)nAM udAharaNA che. 'A tenAthI nAnu che, tenA karatAM vadhAre che, tenA karatAM najadIka ke dUra che' vagere bheda-grahaNanAM dRSTAMtA che pratyabhijJA na tA mAtra pratyakSa che, na to mAtra sAdazya. pratyabhinA pratyakSa ane smRtinA sahayogathI udbhavatuM saMkalita jJAna che. 104 (3) tarka (Inductive Reasoning) : Jiu tarka upalabha (observation-nirIkSaNa)-anupalaba (non-observation -anirIkSaNu) dvAra! vyakhinana che. ane U' paNa kahe che, 1JAnuvarughdhanimitta vyAptijJAnamRdu:| pramANamImAMsA-125). vyApti eTale niyata sAhacaya ke avinAbhAva sabaMdha Upala bhane artha che liMganA astitvanA AdhAre sAdhyanA astitvanuM jJAna. dhUmADA li ga che ane agni sAdhyuM che. dhUmADAnA astitvane AdhAre agninA astitvanuM jJAna upala bha che, anupala bhanA artha che sAdhyanA anaistitva(abhAva)nA AdhAre liganA anastitva (abhAva)nuM jJAna. 'jyAM agni nathI tyAM dhumADA hoI zaMka nahIM'. e prakArane nirNaya anupala bha che. sAdhya (agni) vinA sAdhana(hetu ke liMga-dhUmADA)nuM na hovu ene avinAbhAva saMbadha kahe che. upalabha ane anupalaba dvArA udbhavatu jJAna taka che amukanI hAjarImAM tamunI hAjarI che. amukanI gerahAjarImAM tamukanI gerahAjarI che'-A prakAranu jJAna ta che. mAtra pratyakSa dvArA vyAptinuM jJAna ca nathI, kAraNa ke pratyakSanA viSaya sImita che. je viSaya dvArA pratyakSa utpanna thAya che te viSayapa ta te maryAdata che. sAmAnya pratyakSane viSaya vartamAnakALanA padArtha paryaMta sImita che. Ama pratyakSa dvArA trikAlaviSayaka vyAptinAna utpanna thaI zake nahIM. AnA mATe tA I. svataMtra pramANanI AvazyakatA che ane te prama!Nu tarka che, anuma!na dvArA paNa vyAptinuM jJAna zakaca nathI, kAraNa ke anumAnanA AdhAra ja che. jyAM sudhI tarka dvArA vyAptijJAna na thAya tyAM sudhI anumAna svayaM zakaya nathI. bIjA zabdamAM vyakti avamAM anumAna azakaya che. anumAnamAM * avina+lava arthAt vina! eTale sAdhya vina! ane anAva eTale abhAva, arthAt sAdhananuM na hovu. avinAbhAva eTale sAdhya vinA sAdhananuM na hovu

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jena tarkazAstra 105 vyAptijJAnanI pUrvaAvazyaktA che. anumAna tarka para nirbhara che. Ama, tarkanuM sthAna anumAna laI zake nahIM. A rIte tarka jJAnanuM svataMtra sAdhana che. anya koI mAnya sAdhane dvArA prApta na thatI vyAptinuM jJAna mAtra tarka dvArA ja prApta thAya che. vyApti eTale niyata sAhacarya. dhumADA ane agni vacce A saMbaMdha che. ahIM dhumADe vyApya (agnine vyAya) che, kAraNa ke agni dvArA dhumADe vyApelo che; jyAre agni vyApaka (dhUmane vyApaka) che. vyApaka ane vyApya vacceno saMbaMdha vyApti kahevAya che. vyayane "sAdhana" ke " hetu' ane vyApaka "sAdhya" paNa kahevAya che. dhUmADe agnithI vyApya che, paraMtu agni dhUmADAthI vyApya nathI. arthAt jyAM dhUmADo hoya tyAM apavAda vinA agni hoya che ja. paraMtu agni hoya tyAM sarvatra dhUmADo heto nathI; dhUmADo hoya ke na paNa heya. vyAti tarka dvArA nirNita thAya che. dA. ta., agni vinA dhUmADe letA nathI, jyAM jyAM dhUmADe che tyAM tyAM Agna che, dhUmADo hoya ane agni na hoya evuM zakaya nathI. A prakAranuM dhUmADAnuM agni sAthenuM niyata sAhacarya vyApina kahevAya che ane A saMbaMdha grahaNa karanAra jJAna taka che-Ula che. vyiinazcaya tarNAdhIna che. anumAna mATe vAritanizcayanI AvazyaktA che. (8) anumAna (inference) : anumAna sAdhana dvArA sAyanuM jJAna che (vAdhana kAra jJAnagurAnamU-pramANamImAMsA 1923). udAharaNa tarIke, mADA(sAdhana) ne joIne agni (sAdhya)nuM nAna anumAna che. ahIM sAdhana (dhUmADo) ane sAdhya (agni) vacce avinAbhAva saMbaMdha ke niyata sAhacarya ke vyApti che. dhUmADe agninI gerahAjarImAM zakaya nathI. jayAM jayAM dhUmADe hoya che tyAM tyAM agni hoya che. (a) anumAnanA prakAre anumAnanA be prakAre cheH (1) svArthanumAna ane (2) parAnumAna. (1) svAthanumAnaH (subjective Inference) ravAnumAna eTale vyaktie pote pitA mATe kareluM anumAna. svArthanumAna jJAnAtmaka che. sAdha (agni) sAthe avinAbhAva saMbaMdhayukta svanizcita sAdhana (dhUmADA) dvArA sAdhya(agni)nuM jJAna svArthanumAna kahevAya che. (vArtha afmadhara mA nAma vaijJA TU dhanAtta sAthejJa nampramANamImAMsA-1-29). jyAre

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jainadarzana vyakti pote sAtha-sAdhana vaccenA sAhacarya saMbaMdhanuM jJAna meLave che ane sAdhya (agni) sAthe avinAbhAvI sAdhana(dhUmADe)ne joIne sA(agni)nuM anumAna kare che. A jJAna svArthonumAna che. sAdhana (dhUmADAne joIne sAdhya (agni)nuM anumAna vyakti svayaM kare che. ahIM svArthanumAna mATe vyakti anya koI vyakti para nirbhara nathI. AthI A prakAranuM anumAna svArthanumAna-pitA mATe anumAna-kahevAya che. A jJAna vyaktimAM anyanI sahAya vinA udbhave che. (2) parAthanumAna (Syllogistic Inference) sAdhana ane sAdhya vaccenA niyata sAhacarya saMbaMdhanA kathana dvArA uddabhavatuM jJAna parArthonumAna che. thomNAmAmAnaH vArtham (kamAi bhImANA-2.1.1.) parArthanumAna svArthanumAnathI viparIta che. te anya mATe ane anya vyaktinA kathana dvArA uddabhavatuM jJAna che. Ama, parArthanumAna "zabdAtmaka" che. udAharaNa 1. parvata agniyukta che (pratijJA) 2. tyAM dhUmADe che (hetu) 3. jyAM jyAM dhUmADo hoya che tyAM tyAM agni hoya che. dA. ta., rasoDuM (udAharaNa saha vyApti). 4. parvata tevo che (upanaya) 5. . parvata agni yukta che. (nigamana). parAthanumAnanA avayavo (1) pratijJA athavA pakSa (Thesis) pratijJA "je siddha karavAnuM che tenuM kathana che. te sarva prathama karavAmAM Ave che. (2) hetu (Reason) hetu pratijJA mATenuM kAraNa darzAve che. (3) udAharaNa saha vyApta (Rule with llustration) - trIju vidhAna hetunA samarthana mATe udAharaNusaha vyAptinI rajuAta kare che.. ahIM vyApta (niyama)thI saMtoSa na mAnatA udAharaNa paNa apAya che.

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jaina tarkazAstra (4) upanaya (Application) upanaya sAdhya (parvata) aMge uparAkata vyAptisaMbadha lAgu pADe che ane Ama te je siddha karavAnu che tenI najadIka laI jAya che. (5) nigamana (Conclusion) nigamana sAdhyanuM puna:kathana che. prathama je siddha karavA mATe rajU karava!mAM Ave che te ahIM siddha thAya che. jaina ciMtakA jJAnIjana mATe anumAnanA pratijJA ane hetu e be avayavA paryApta mAne che. para Mtu sAmAnyajana ke vidyArthI mATe anumAnanA uparAkata pAMca avayave! Avazyaka bane che. (5) Agama (Authority) 103. AgamavizvasanIya sAdhananA zabda dvArA uddabhavatu nAna che. te zabda pramANa paNa kahevAya che. Aptajana vizvAsapAtra sAdhana che, kAraNa ke te tattvane yathArtha rIte jANe che ane te rIte ja varNave che. AvI vyakti asatya khelatI nathI. tenu vidhAna haMmezAM satya ja hoya che. tethI te pramANa che. tenA zabda-vacana pramANa tarIke oLakhAya che. Apta pramANa sAmAnya ke laukika hoya, jemake pitAnu athavA tA alaukika hoya jemake sarvAnanu. sAdhAraNa vyakti laukika Aptajana che, jyAre lAttara ke alaukika Aptajana tIrthaMkara vagere viziSTa puruSa ja hoya che. Ama, jainadaSTie pramANanA pratyakSa ane parAkSa evA dvividha prakAro ane tenA paNa peTAprakArAnu varNana ApaNe upara karela che. anuyeAgAra sUtra,. bhagavatIsUtramAM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna ane Agama ema cAra pramANAnA ullekha jovA maLe che; jyAre pramANamImAMsA pratyakSa-parAkSa evA be prakArAnA pramANanI carcA kare che. naMdIsUtramAM paNa A be pramANeAnA ullekha che. sthAnAMgasUtramAM uparAkata 3 pramANenA temaja pratyakSa-parAkSa ema be pramANenA ullekha jovA maLe che. jainAcAryanA mukhya jhoka pramANuya pratye che ane tattvArtha sUtra vageremAM paNa tenA ja svIkAra thayA che. jaina ciMtA svataMtra rIte pramANu-saryA kare che para Mtu tattvA mULatattva ane yathArtha jJAnanAM sAdhanA (pramANo) vacce nizcita bheda jaina sUtramAM jovA maLatA nathI. tattvArtha sUtra jJAna ane pramANanu sa MpUrNa akacadarzAve che. "jJAna pAMca prakAranuM che, jemake, mati, zruta, avadha, mana:paryAya ane kevaLa. A. sarva prakAra pramANA che." (1-9-10). **

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prakaraNa 4 jaina jJAnamImAMsA (Jaina Epistemology) 1. prAstAvika jJAnamImAMsA sa MpUrNapaNe jJAnanI AsapAsa kendrita vyavasthita ciMtananA abhyAsa che. jJAna jJAtA ane jJeya (jJAnanA padArtha)nI apekSA rAkhe che ane tethI * jJAtA jJeyane kevI rIte jANe che tenA vicAra karIe tyAre jJAnanAM sAdhanAnI vicAraNA paNa Avasyaka banI rahe che. bhAratIya jJa!namImAMsAmAM nAnanAM sAdhano, pramANeA ane jJAnanA padArtho prameyo kahevAya che. gautamanA nyAyasUtramAM prameya ane pramANanI sarva prathama vyavasthita vicAraNA jovA maLe che. tyArabAda jJAnanA abhyAsa jJAnanA padArthonA abhyAsathI kramazaH alaga-svataMtra thatAM zuddha tarkazAstra ane jJAnamImAMsA paranA svataMtra gra Mtha prApta thAya che. A pahelAM ApaNe jaina darzananAM pramANe age joI gayA chIe. jJAna vicArA padArthA, anya mAnavA ane potAnI jAna aMgenA vicAronu banelu che. A sarva prakAranA vicArA jJAtA dvArA vyavasthita thAya ane tenAmAM aMtarIkRta-ekarUpa thAya tyAre ja jJAna bane che. A sarva vicArAne samAna mUlya ane yathArthatA nathI. ApaNe keTalAka vicArAne sAcA ane TalAka vicArone khATA kahIe chIe. sAcAM (yathArtha) jJAna ane khATAM (ayathArtha) nAna vaccenA AvA bhedanI sabhAnatA jJAnanA udbhava ane anveSaNa mATe pUrvApekSita che. (Stages of the 2. jaina jJAnamImAMsAnA vikAsanA tamA Development of Jaina Epistemology) Agama jJAnamImAMsA atyaMta prAcIna che ane saMbhavataH mahAvIra pUrvenA kALamAM tenA udbhava thayo che. mahAvIre pArzva para paramAMthI jJAnayejanA svIkArI hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. pArzva-para MparAnA sAdhu zikakumAra paMcavidha jJAnanI vAta svamukhe kare che ane A ja pAMca nAnaprakAre| mahAvIra-paraMparAmAM paNa pracalita thAya che. Agama sahityamAM paNa pAMcajJAnacarcA daSTigocara dhAya che. zvetAMbaradigabara ane paraMparAemAM paNa pAMcajJAna-vyavasthA samAna rIte jevA maLe che.

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA 109: A rIte paMcavidhatAnane khyAla atyaMta prAcIna che. A pAMca prakAre A pramANe che : (1) Abhinibodhaka jJAna, (2) mRta jJAna, (3) avadhi jJAna, (4) manaHparyAya jJAna, ane (5) kevaLa jJAna. paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA* AgamomAM jJAna carcAnA vikAsanA traNa tabakkAo-bhUmikAo darzAve che. A rIte jaina jJAnamImAMsAnA jJAnanAM nIce. mujabanA bhinna bhinna vaNakara jovA maLe che : 1. paMcajJAna prathama tabakkAmAM jJAnanA pAMca prakAro ane tenA peTA prakAro nIce. mujabanAM che : jJAna AbhinigoSika (mati) mRta avadhi mana:paryAya veLA avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNuM 2. pratyakSa-parokSa jJAna utkrAMtinA bIjA tabakkAmAM jJAnane be vyApaka prakAra nIce mujabanA che? 1. pratyakSa ane 2. parAkSa. A baMne prakAranA bhinna bhinna peTA prakAro che. sthAnAMgasUtra jJAnanI A yojanA nIce mujaba vyakta kare che : jJAne pratyakSa parAkSa kevaLa -vI Abhinibedhika (mati) zrata avadhi mana:paryAya * nyAyAvatAravAtiMkavRtti, prastAvanA, pR. 58.

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jenadarzana umAsvAti tatvArthasUtramAM sarvaprathama jJAnane pAMca prakAromAM pRthakakRta karI tyArabAda temane pratyakSa-parokSa prakAramAM samAviSTa kare che. Ama te paNa A tabakakAthI prabhAvita hovAnuM jaNAya che. A dvitIya tabakko tAtvika ciMtanathI prabhAvita che ane temAM zuddha jaina daSTinI chApa paNa che. tarkazAstranA AdhAre jJAnamImAMsAnI carcA karanAra jaina tarkazAstrIo sAmAnya rIte jJAnanuM A dividha vargIkaraNa svIkAre che. 3. samanvayAtmaka tabakko naMdIsUtra jJAnanA A tabakkAne nIce pramANe vyakta kare che? jJAna AbhinibaMdhika (mati) zrata | avadhi mana:paryAya kevaLa pratyakSa pareTsa Indriya- pratyakSa (pAMca prakAre) Indriya-pratyakSa (avadhi, mana:paryAya, kevaLa) abhinibedhika (mati) zrata zratabicata mRtaniHsRta abutasthita amRtaniskRta avagraha IhA avaya dhAraNA Indriyajanya jJAnane pratyakSa tarIke mAnanAra anya bhAratIya darzanAthI prabhAvita thaIne jaina tArkika laukika pratyakSanA nAme A matane svIkAra kare che. dvitIya tabakkAmAM mAtra parokSa jJAnamAM samAviSTa Indriyajanya vijJAna tRtIya tabakkAmAM pratyakSa temaja parokSa baMne prakAromAM sthAna pAme che. A tabakkAno sAra nIce mujaba rajU karI zakAya?

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA 1 avadha, mana:paryAya ane kevaLajJAna vAstavamAM pratyakSa che. 2 zruta jJAna ha MmezAM parAkSa che. 3 indriyo dvAra1 udbhavela mati jJAna vAstavamAM parAkSa che, paraMtu vyAvahArika hetuo arthe pratyakSa tarIke mAnavAmAM Ave che. 4 mana dvArA udbhavela mati jJAna haMmezAM parAkSa che. 111 jJAnanuM svarUpa je AtmA che te jANe che. jANe che te AtmA che (AcArAMga sUtra, pa-pa-166). AtmA ane anAtmAmAM atyatAbhAva che. AtmA kadIpaNa anAtmA anatA nathI ane anAtmA kadI AtmA anetA nathI (bhagavatIsUtra, 25-4). AtmA paNa dravya che, anAtmA paNa dravya che. bane ana taguNu ane paryAyanA avicchinna samudRAya che. (uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 28-6) sAmAnya guNathI ane abhinna che, paraMtu viziSTa guNuthI baMne bhinna che. (te viziSTa guNa) cetanA che jemAM cetanA che te AtmA che ane jemAM cetanA nathI te anAtmA che. AtmA prameyatva vagere sAmAnya guNAnI dRSTithI cit-svarUpa nathI paraMtu te cetanAnI dRSTie citsvarUpa che. eTalA mATe ja AtmA jJAnathI bhinna nathI ane abhinna paNa nathI, paraMtu bhinnAbhinna che (bhinna paNa che ane abhinna paNa che) ema kahevAmAM Ave che. jJAna AtmA ja che. eTalA mATe te AtmAthI abhinna che. jJAna guNa che, AtmA guNI che--jJAna sarIkhA aneka guNonA samUha che. eTalA mATe te AtmAthI bhinna paNa che. AtmA jANe che ane jJAna jANavAnuM sAdhane che. kartA ane karaNa(sAdhana)nI dRSTie paNa jJAna ane AtmA bhinna che. TUMkamAM, AtmA jJAnamaya che ane jJAna AtmAnuM svarUpa che. jJAna ane jJeya bane svataMtra che. dravya, guNa ane paryAya jJeya che. AyanI svataMtra sattA che ane te mUrta ane amUrta bane che. jJAna AtmAnA guNa che AtmA sAdhana vinA paNa jANI zake che ane AvaraNanI sthiti anusAra sAdhanAnA mAdhyamathI paNa jANe che. na tA taiya dvArA jJAna utpanna thAya che ke na tA jJAna dvArA ya. jJAna jANe ke na jANe te paNa padArtha svayaM astitvamAna che. jo te ApaNA jJAnanI nIpaja hoya tA tenI asattAmAM tene jANavAnA ApaNA prayAsa ja kevI rIte hoya ? ApaNe adraSTa vastunI kalpanA ja na karI zakIe.

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jainadarzana padArtha jJAnano viSaya bane ke na bane tApaNa ApaNuM jJAna ApaNA AtmAmAM sthita che. te ApaNuM jJAna padArthanI nIpaja hoya te te padArthanA ja guNu bane. ApaNI sAthe tenuM tAdAtmya zakaya bane nahIM 112 jJAna ane jJeyamAM viSaya-viSayI-bhAva sabdha che. jainadaSTi anusAra, jJAna padArthomAM pravezatu nathI; padArtha jJAnamAM pravezatA nathI. ba nene paraspara praveza thatA nathI. jJAna padArthokAra nathI. te padArthothI utpanna thatuM nathI. te vasturUpa paNa nathI. jJAna ane yamAM saMpUrNa abheda nathI. nAtA (pramAtA) jJa!na-svabhAva hoya che eTale te viSayI che. padArtha taiya-svabhAva hoya che eTale te viSaya che. baMne svataMtra che. ekanuM astitva anyathI bhinna che. padArtha jJAnasvarUpa nathI, jJAna jJeya svarUpa nathI tApaNu jJAnamAM padArthane jANavAnI ane padArthamAM jJAna dvArA jJAta thavAnI kSamatA che. jJAtAnA nAyaka-paryAya ane padArtha nA jJeya-paryAyanA sAmarthya dvArA ane sadhita thAya che. vAstavamAM jyAre ApaNe padArthane jANIe chIe tyAre jJAna utpanna thatuM nathI, paraMtu te tenA prayAga che, ajamAyaza che. jJAna ke jANavAnI kSamatA ApaNAmAM vikasita hoya che. paraMtu jJAnanI AvRta dazAmAM ApaNe padArthane mAdhyama vinA jANI zakatA nathI. ApaNI zArIrika indriya ane mana acetana che. jyAre indraya ane mana dvArA padArthanA saMbaMdha ke sAmIpya udbhave che tyAre te ApaNA jJAnane pravRta kare che ane jJeya jJAta ane che; athavA tA jyAre ApaNA potAnA sa skAra kAI padArthane jANavA mATe jJAnane prere che tyAre te jJAta bane che. A jJAnanA udbhava nathI para Mtu pravRtti che. dA. ta., duzmanane beIne baMduka calAvavAnI icchA thatAM te calAvIe teA ahIM zaktino udbhava nathI, paraMtu tenA prayAga che ajamAyaza che. A ja pramANe, viSaya sAme upasthita thAya tyAre jJAna tene grahaNa pharI le che. A pravRtti mAtra che. jJAnanI jeTalI kSamatA hoya te anusAra ja te jANavAmAM saphaLa thAya che. Indriya ane mana jANavAnAM be sAdhanA che. ApaNuM jJAna Indriya ane mananA mAdhyama dvArA ja jJeyane jANe che. indrayonI zakti sImita che. tee potapotAnA viSayAnA saMbaMdha mana sAthe sthApita karIne ja jANI zake che. eTalA mATe ja eka samayamAM eka padArthonA eka ja paryAya (rUpa) jANI zakAya che. jJAnane kaiyAkAra mAnavAnI paNa AvazyakatA nathI. uparAta maryAdA mATe che, anAvRta jJAna mATe nathI. anAvRta jJAna dvArA ekI sAthe sarvo padArtha jANI zakAya che. eTalA mATe dhRta-jJAna

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jaina phAnamImAMsA viSayonA sthULa rUpa ke vartamAna paryAyanuM jJAna ApaNane IndrayA dvArA maLe che, jyAre temanA sUkSma rUpe ke bhRta ane bhAva paryAyAnI jANakArI mana dvArA maLe che. indriyAmAM kalpanA, sakalana ane niSphanuM jJAna hotu nathI, mana be ke vadhAre vicArAnA sa yejana dvArA kalpanA karI zake che. te aneka anubhaveAnA sayajana karI zake che ane temanA parathI niSka tAravI zake che eTalA mATe ja jJAna viSaya dvArA utpanna thAya che athavA tenA AkAranuM ja hoya che ema mAnavu sAcuM nathI. Indriyanu sana bAhya viSaya dvArA thAya che, jyAre mananuM jJAna bAhya viSaya dvArA ane bAhya viSaya vinA paNa prApta thAya che. indriya dvArA prApta jJAnanA vistAra mana dvArA thAya che. prApta jyAre ApaNuM pratyeAjana-hetu jJeyane jANavAnA ja hoya che tyAre padA jJeya hoya che ane jJAna upayoga (cetanA) hoya che ane jyAre ApaNI cetanA prApta vicAranI AlecanAmAM salagna thAya che tyAre padArtha taiya hotA nathI. te samaye pahelAMnu jJAna ja jJeya banI jAya che ane jyAre jANavAnI pravRtti thatI nathI tyAre ApaNI cetanA puna: nAna banI jAya che--jJeya prati udAsIna atIne peAtAnAmAM ja rata thAya che. 113 indriya ane mana dvArA jJeyane jANavAnI AtmAnI kSamatAne mati ane zruta kahevAya che; indriya ane mananA mAdhyama vinA ja kevaLa mUrta jJeyane jANavAnI AtmAnI kSamatAne avadhi ane mana:paryAya kahevAya che ane mUrta temaja amUrta sarvene jANavAnI AtmAnI kSamatA (athavA jJAnanI kSamatAne pUrNa vikAsa) kaivala kahevAya che. AtmAnuM Atmatva e ja che ke te kadIya jJAnakti zUnya thatA nathI. jaina dRSTi anusAra, jJAnanI iyattA(pramANa)nuM niyAmaka tattva tenA varaNu-vilaya dvArA utpanna thatI Atmika kSamatA-yogyatA che. jJAnazaktinA pUrNa vikAsa thatAM jANavAno prayAsa karavA paDatA nathI, jJAna satata pravRtta rahe che; jyAre jJAnazaktinI apUrNa vikAsa dazAmAM jANavAnA prayatna karyA vinA khaNI zakAtuM nathI eTale ahIM jANavAnI kSamatA ane jANavAnI pravRtti ema be alaga alaga anI jAya che. jaina dRSTie jJAna svaprakAza che arthAt na!na pate peAtAne jANe che. A matanA samarthana mATe nIce mujammunI lIlA karavAmAM Ave che. je. Ta

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114 jenadarzana (1) "huM ghaDAne jANuM chuM" evI pratItimAM "huM" e kartA ane "ghaDAne'e karmanuM jevI rIte jJAna hoya che tevI ja rIte "jANuM chuM e jJaptikriyAnuM arthAta jJAnanuM paNa jJAna hoya che. (2) je jJAna pate ajJAta hoya te padArthanuM jJAna karAvI zake nahIM ane jJAnanuM jJAna anya jJAna dvArA thAya che ema mAnIe to anavasthA doSa thAya che. (3) jJAna pote jyAre pitAne viSaya bane che tyAre te pitAne jJAnarUpe jANe che. jJAna ya banavAthI jJAna maTI jatuM nathI. jJAna ya bane temAM kaI doSa nathI. te bAhya padArthanI apekSAe jJAna che ane pitAnI apekSAe ya che. dA. ta., jJAtAnuM jyAre jJAna thAya che tyAre te paNa ya bane che paraMtu ya banavAthI te jJAtA maTI jato nathI. te jJAtA rUpe ja ya bane che. (4) sAmAnya rIte eka ja kriyAmAM kartA ane karma eka hotAM nathI paraMtu ahIM eka ja jJAnakriyAmAM kartA ane karma baMne eka ja che-jJAna ja che. Ama chatAM, A anubhavasiddha havAthI uparokta niyamathI bAdhita thatuM nathI. dA. ta., jevI rIte dIpaka ghaDAne prakAzita kare che ane pitAne paNa prakAzita kare che tevI rIte jJAna paNa ghaDA vagere bAhya padArthone prakAzita kare che ane potAne paNa prakAzita kare che. (5) nIce jaNAvelAM anumAne paNa "jJAna pote pitAne jANe che e puravAra kare che. 1. jJAna pite pitAne jANatuM ane prakAzita kare che, kAraNa ke te prakAzaka che. je je prakAzaka hoya che te te potAne prakAzita kare che ane sAthe sAthe anyane paNa prakAzita kare che, dA. ta., dIpaka. 2. jJAna piote pitAne prakAzita kare che, kAraNa ke te bAhya padArthanuM prakAzaka che. je pite pitane prakAzita karatuM nathI te bAhya padArthane paNa prakAzita karatuM nathI, dA.ta., ghaDe. 3. jJAna potAnA jJAna mATe pitAne sajAtIya anya jJAnanI apekSA rAkhatuM nathI, kAraNa ke te vastu che, je je vastu che te potAnA jJAna mATe potAnA sajAtIyanI apekSA rAkhatI nathI, jema ke ghaDe. arthAt ghaDAne jANavA mATe anya ghaDAnI AvazyaktA nathI, tevI ja rIte jJAnane jANavA mATe anya jJAnanI AvazyakatA nathI. 4. jJAnanuM prAmAya (Validity of Knowledge) samyagU jJAna ja pramANa che. kayuM jJAna samyaka che ane kayuM mithyA ? jJAnane je kAraNasara pramANa kahI zakAya e prAmANya zuM che ? bIjA zabdomAM jJAnanA prAmANyanuM svarUpa kevI rIte mizrita karI zakAya ? jJAnanA prAmANyanI kasoTI zI che ?

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA pramANamImAMsA anusAra, jJAnanA prAmANyanA nizcaya kAM to svataH athavA tA parataH karI zakAya. (trAmAinizciya thata: varato vA -1-1-8) keTalAka kissAmAM jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH nizcita thAya che. dA.ta., kAI vyakti potAnI hatheLI tame zAM jue che, te tenAthI atyaMta paricita che. te vyaktinA hatheLIviSayaka jJAnanA prAmANyanA nizraya mATe anya kAI bAhya vastunI AvazyakatA nathI. ahIM prAmANya svataH utpanna thAya che ane jJAta thAya che. prAmANyanI utpatti ane nakha baMne svataH che. hatheLIne jotAveMta ja te vyakti nizcaya kare che ke te mArI hatheLI che. eka khIjuM udAharaNa laIe. kAI eka vyaktine tarasa lAgI che. te tRSA chIpAvavA pANI pIe che ane tenI tRSA tarata ja chIpAI jAya che. tRSA chIpAtAM te samaje che ke teNe pANI ja pIdhuM che. te pANI hatuM ke nahIM tenA nizcaya mATe tene anya vastunI sahAya levI paDatI nathI. A jJAnanuM svataH prAmANya kahevAya che. sAMkhyadarzana paNa svataH prAmANyavAdI che. TalAka kissAomAM jJAnanu prAmANya parata: nizcita thAya che. arthAt jJAnanA prAmaNyane nizcaya bAhya sAmagrI dvArA thAya che. dA.ta., kAI eraDAmAMthI AvatA prakAza dIpakane! - maNine prakAza che tenA nirNaya karavA mATe anya sAdhanAnI AvazyakatA rahe che. dIpakane prakAza, tela vagere joIne A aMge niNaeNya karI zakAya che ke mAru dIpaviSayaka jJAna satya che ane maNiviSayaka jJAna asatya. dIpakaviSayaka jJAnanA prAmANyanA nizcaya thAya che, ane maNi-viSayaka jJAnanA aprAmANyane A niNaeNya mATe dIpaka, tela vagere bAhya sAmagrInA AdhAra levA paDe che. ahIM punarAvarti ta anubhava dvArA dRDha ne banela hoya tevu padArthanuM prathama pratyakSa jJAna tenA ja tapazcAt pratyakSa dvArA pramANita thAya che. pratyakSa ahI padArtha sAthenI tenI anurUpatA dvArA nizcita thAya che. eka bIjuM udAharaNa laIe. kAIka sthaLe sapheda DhagalA paDayo che ane ApaNane te sAkaranA Dhaga lAge che. ApaNe temAMthI te UThAvIne mAMmAM mUkIe chIe ane ApaNu mAM gaLyuM bane che. tarata ja ApaNe niNaeNya para AvIe chIe ke te sAkaranA DhagaleA che. ahIM A nirNaya mATe padArthanA pariNAmanI pratIkSA karavI paDe che. vyAvahArika pariNAmanA jJAna dvArA tenA prAmaNyanA-nirNaya ahIM thAya che. Ama, ahIM niya svataH nathI ane tethI A prAmANya-nizcaya svataH nahIM parantu parata: che. A e hakIkta prasthApita kare che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya anya sAdhanA dvArA nakkI thAya che. A parataH prAmANya kahevAya che. nyAyadarzana paNa parataH prAmANavAdI che. tenA mate, jJAnanA prAmANya ane aprAmANyanI sATI khAdya padArtha che. 115

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116 jainadarzana jaina darzana svataH prAmANyavAda temaja parataH prAmANyavAda e baMnenuM bhinna bhinna dRSTie sarmathana kare che. abhyAsa vageremAMnA nizcaya svataH prAmAyavAdanA sAkSI che, jyAre anya AdhAra para thatAM prAmANya-nizcaya parataH prAmANyavAdanA samarthaka che. sAMkhyadarzana prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMnene svataH mAne che amuka jJAna pramANabhUta che ane amuka jJAna apramANabhUta che e baMnene nirNaya svata: thAya che. nyAyadarzananI mAnyatA AnAthI taddana viparIta che. nyAyadarzana prAmANya temaja aprAmANya baMnene parataH mAne che. mImAMsAdarzana jJAnanA prAmANyane svataH ane jJAnanA aprAmANyane parataH mAne che. tenA mate, jJAna pramANarUpa ja utpanna thAya che. temAMnuM aprAmANya bAhya devane lIdhe utpanna thAya che. jenA darzana A traNethI bhinna siddhAMtanI sthApanA kare che ane darzAve che ke prAmANya-nizcaya mATe svataH prAmANyavAda ane parataH prAmANyavAda baMnenI AvazyaktA che. pa. dazana ane jJAna (Perception and Knowledge) jaina tattva darzana ane jJAna vacce bheda pADe che. AgamAM jJAnane mATe jANaI' (jJAnAti) arthAta "jANe che ane darzana mATe pAsaI' (vAta) arthAta "jue che ne zabdaprayoga karavAmAM AvyuM che. darzana ane jJAnaprAptiprakriyAmAMnA nirvikalpaka ane savikalpaka pAsAMne anukrame vyakta kare che. darzana jJAnanuM prAraMbhika kadama che. Indriya-padArtha saMbaMdha sarvaprathama cetanAnuM udIpana kare che ane A rIte jJAnaprakriyAne prAraMbha kare che. cetanA(upaga)nI sarvaprathama bhUmikA darzana che ane temAM kevaLa sattAnuM bhAna thAya che. A tabakkAmAM padArthanI upasthiti(hAjarI)nI paricitatA-sabhAnatA mAtra hoya che. padArtha aMge ahIM mAtra aspaSTa ane jhAMkhe. khyAla ja hoya che. padArtha aMgenI vigatanuM pratyakSIkaraNa ahIM thatuM nathI ane tethI padArtha amuka varga ke jUthe sAthe saMlagna karavAno prazna ja upasthita thato nathI. jaina paribhASAmAM A prathama tabakako darzana tarIke oLakhAya che ane temAM jJAna tenI sAmagrI tarIke mAtra sattA(astitva)ne samAviSTa kare che. darzana (padArthanI sabhAnatA-paricaya) mAtra sattA(astitva)nuM saMvedana che. tyArabAda kramazaH cetanA (upayoga) vizeSagrAhI banatI jAya che. Ama pahelAM, darzana thAya che ane pachI jJAna thAya che. bIjA tabakkAmAM ApaNane varga ke jUthe sAthe saMlagna tarIke prApta thatuM padArthanuM saMvedana jJAna che. A bIjA tabakkAmAM padArthanA varga ane lakSaNa aMgenI vigatanuM pratyakSIkaraNa thAya che ane padArtha aMge spaSTa ane

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA 117 nizcita khyAla prApta thAya che. darzana nirAkAra-nirvikalpaka che, jyAre jJAna sAkAra savikalpaka che. sarve jaina tatvo sAmAnya rIte A bheda svIkAre che. paraMtu eka ke anya pAsA para bhAra samAna mULabhUta sthitinI bhinna bhinna abhivyaktione avakAza Ape che je nIcenA dalAka tatvanI abhivyaktiothI spaSTa thAya che. 1. vIrasena AcArya vIrasenanA mate, bAhya padArthonA sAmAnya temaja viziSTa guNonuM grahaNa (samaja) jJAna che, jyAre A aMgenuM AtmAnuM grahaNa darzana che. jyAre AtmA aMtarmukha thAya che ane AMtaranirIkSaNa kare che tyAre te svayaMne "jANe che ane te 'darzana tarIke nirdeza che. AthI darzana "aMtarmukha" che, jyAre jJAna bahirmukha che. ahIM sAmAnya guNone grahaNa ane viziSTa guNanI samajanI paribAvAmAM saraLa bheda svIkAravAmAM Avato nathI, kAraNa ke viziSTa vinA sAmAnya ane sAmAnya vinA viziSTa aMge vicAravuM tArkika rIte zakya nathI. sAmAnyaviheNI viziSTatA mithyA che, jyAre viziSTatAvihoNuM sAmAnya azakayatA che.* 2. brahmadeva brahmadeva uparakta maMtavyanuM samarthana kare che. jJAna ane darzanane tarka daSTi ane siddhAMtadaSTi ema be dRSTithI vicAra karI zakAya. darzanane sAmAnya-grahaNa mAnavuM tarka dRSTithI upayukta che. siddhadaSTi ke AgamadaSTithI AtmAne sAce upayoga darzana che ane bAhya padArthanuM grahaNa darzana che. vyavahAra daSTithI jJAna ane darzana bhinna che. paraMtu nizcaya daSTithI jJAna ane darzana adhina che. AtmA jJAna ane darzana baMnene Azraya che. AtmAnI daSTie, jJAna ane darzanamAM koI bheda nathI. sAmAnya ane viziSTane AdhAre pADela darzana ane jJAnane bheda jainetaranI samajUtI mATe che. zrI nathamalajI TATiyA brahmadevanI sthiti nIce mujaba spaSTapaNe darzAve che, "jevI rIte agni prajavaLe che ane prakAze che tevI rIte AtmA jANe che temaja AMtaranirIkSaNa kare che. eka ja cetanA tenA padArthane bhedanA saMdarbhamAM darzana temaja jJAna kahevAya che. jyAre te AtmAnA AMtaranirIkSaNamAM rata thAya che tyAre SaTrakhaMDAgama para dhavala TIkA, 1.1.4.

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118 nadarzana te "darzana' kahevAya che. jyAre te anAtmAne jANavAmAM tallIna hoya che tyAre te jJAna kahevAya che. je darzana ane jJAnane saMpUrNapaNe sAmAnya ane viziSTanI samaja sAthe saMbaMdhita mAnavAmAM Ave te jJAna tenI yathArthatA gumAve." 3. nemicaMdra nemicaMdrane uparokta bheda svIkArya nathI. temanA mate, darzana padArthonAM viziSTa lakSaNe jANyA sivAya temanAM sAmAnya lakSaNone paricaya mAtra che, jyAre jJAna padArtho aMgenI vigatonI prApti che. 4. vAdidevasUri vAdidevasUri darzananA be tabakkAone nirdeza kare che. prathama tabakkAmAM cetanA, samakSa raju thatA padArthane paricaya mAtra che. bIjA tabakakAmAM padArthanAM sAmAnya. lakSaNonuM darzana che ane Ane avagraha tarIke nirdezI zakAya ane te jJAnane prathama tabakko banI rahe che. jJAna svayaM jJAnanA padArthonA vadhAre vyavasthita pRthakkaraNamAM ane khUTatI kaDIo prasthApita karavAmAM samAviSTa thAya che. A rIte vAdidevasUri jJAnaprAptinI prakriyAne traNa tabakkAomAM pRthakakRta kare che. alabatta, te darzana ane jJAnanA sAmAnya mALakhAmAM ja tene samAviSTa kare che. 5. hemacaMdrAcArya zrI hemacaMdrAcArya bhinna rIte jJAnanA be tabakkAo vacce jIvaMta saMbaMdha vyakta kare che. temanA mate, darzana jJAnamAM rUpAMtara pAme che. darzana jJAnanI kAcI sAmagrI che ane mane tenA para kAryarata thAya che tethI te jJAna mATe sAdhanarUpa che. jJAna zabda padArthanA viziSTa guNenI samaja sUcave che. temanA mate, darzananI vyAkhyA ApaNuM padArthanA evA jJAna tarIke karI zakAya ke je viziSTa guNene khyAla karatuM na hoya. bIjA zabdomAM, darzana viziSTa guNa vinAnuM padArthanuM jJAne che. jJAna darzanathI tadana asaMbaMdhita ane saMpUrNa rIte navuM evuM kaMI nathI. sAmAnya guNone sAmAnya guNe tarIke samajIe tyAre ApaNI pAse darzana che; jyAre viziSTa guNone viziSTa tarIke samajIe tyAre ApaNI pAse jJAna che. baMne prAraMbhathI ja hAjara che ane tethI jJAna darzanarUpI garbhita svarUpa (potentiality)nuM mUrta svarUpa mAtra che. * Studies in Jaina Philosophy, p. 73.

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA kALanI dRSTie, dana ane jJAna vacce sabaMdha (Temporal Relation between Perception and Knowledge) kALanI daSTae, darzana ane na!na vaccenA sabaMdha aMge sUtrAnusAra nIce mujabanI sthiti che : 119 bane ekI sAthe udbhavI zake nahIM. Anu kAraNa e che ke mAnavamanamAM e cetanamaya pravRttie ekI sAthe udbhavI zake nahIM. apUrNa mAnavInA saMbaMdhamAM, darzana ane jJAnanA udbhava aMge kAI vivAda nathI, paraMtu kevaLajJAnImAM temanA udbhava aMge nIcenA traNa judA judA matA pravarte che. 1. darzana ane jJAna ekIsAthe udbhave che. 2. darzana ane jJAna maka rIte udbhave che. 3. na ane nAna vacce sa MpUrNa tAdAtmya che--jJAna ane darzanamAM abheda che-ane eka che. 1. dazana ane jJAnanI samakAItatA (Simultaneity of Perception and Knowledge) : A AgamanI sthiti che. AgamanA A matanA samarthanamAM mukhya dalIla e che ke kevaLajJAnImAM darzanAvaraNIya ka ane jJAnAvaraNIya ka e bane ekIsAthe nAza pAme che ane tethI darzana ane jJAna ane ekIsAthe hAvAM joIe. umAsvAti, kuMdakuMdAcArya, pujyapAda, akalaMka ane vidyAnaMdI A meM tatryanA svIkAra kare che. sUryamAM garamI ane prakAza ekIsAthe udbhave che tevI ja rIte vaLImAM darzana ane jJAna eka ja samaye kAryarata thAya che. 2, data ane AnanA kramika uddabhava (Successive Occurrence of Perception and Knowledge): khIjo mata prathama viruddha tArkika dalIla rajU kare che. te paNa dana ane pUrNa jJAna ekI sAthe udbhavatAM hoya, te pachI karmAMnAM e alaga AvaraNe!-danAvaraNIya ane jJAnAvaraNIya-svIkAravAnA zuM artha che ? A mata ekI sAthe khe bAbatA grahaNa karavAnI manevaijJAnika azakayatA paNa darzAve che. darzana ane jJAna eka pachI eka udbhave che evA matanA svIkAra dvArA uparokta muzkelIe nivArI zakAya. jJAnAvaraNIya karma ane danAvaraNIya karma baMnenA kSaya ekIsAthe thavAthI pU darzana ane pUrNa jJAna ane labdhirUpe ekIsAthe prApta thAya che para Mtu temanA upayega

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120 jainadarzana te kramathI ja thAya che. A mata sAmAnya AgekUca-pragati (jJAnamAM ke naitika jIvanamAM) mATene khyAla Ape che. puragAmI tabakkAne anugAmI tabakko anivArya rIte pAra karI jAya che-oLaMgI jAya che. jJAnanI dRSTie jJAnane anugAmI vikasita tabakko puragAmI tabakko pUrNa thayAnuM sUcave che. naitika dRSTie (karmanAM AvaraNonI bhASAmAM viziSTa rIte) pragati eka pachI eka AvaraNanI nAbUdI sUcave che, ane jyAre aMtamAM sarva AvaraNe nAza pAme che tyAre pUrNatA prApta thAya che. jinabhadra A A matanA himAyatI che. 3. tAdAbhya tarIke darzana ane jJAna (Perception and Know!edge as Identical): trIjA mata mujaba, kevaLajJAnImAM Indri ane mana kaI upagI hetuo siddha karatA nathI. Ano artha e che ke darzana mATe kaI svataMtra zakti nathI. A parathI e spaSTa thAya che ke je kevaLajJAnInA saMdarbhamAM ApaNe darzana ane jJAnane vicAra karIe to te A be vaccenA tAdAmya(ekya)nI paribhASAmAM ja karI zakAya. A maMtavya e spaSTapaNe darzAve che ke darzana ane jJAna vacceno bheda mana:paryAya jJAnanI kakSA paryata ja che, kevaLajJAna saMbaMdhamAM nathI. siddhasena A maMtavyanI himAyata kare che. maMtavya 1 ane 3 vacce koI khAsa bheda nathI. baMne maMtavyo bIjA mananI TIkA kare che. be cetanamaya pravRttio ekI sAthe ubhavI zake nahIM e mata svIkAryo che ane maMtavya 2 ane 3 A darzAve che e noMdhavuM rasaprada che. kramasiddhAMtamAM rahelAM satya prati paNa durlakSa karI zakAya nahIM, kAraNa ke te sarvajJatA svaye je rIte pRthakakRta karavAnI che ane samajavAnI che te darzAve che. Ama chatAM, kevaLajJAnImAM kramane mudo svIkAravo muzkela che. trIjA siddhAMtamAM vyakta thato tAdAtmyane khyAla svIkArya che, kAraNa ke kevaLajJAnImAM pUrNa darzana ane pUrNa jJAna ekIsAthe utpanna thatAM hoya che jene darzana jANe che tenAthI bhinna jJAna jANe che ema mAnavuM paDe. te pachI darzana ane jJAna badhAne grahaNa kare che ema mAnI zakAya nahIM. pariNAme tenI pUrNatAne hAni pahero. yazavijyajI traNa siddhAMtomAM aMtargata satyane aMze nIce mujaba darzAve che, prathama mata anubhavika daSTibiMduthI sAcuM che kAraNa ke Anubhavika daSTibiMdu bhedane svIkAre che; bIje mata vilejaka daSTibiMdune AdhAre yogya che, kAraNa ke

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jenA jJAnamImAMsA 121 te kAraNa ane pariNAma vacce sImAMkana kare che; jyAre trIje mata aMkaleSaka dRSTibiMdunA AdhAre sAco che, kAraNa ke te bhedane nAza karIne abheda-aiya sthApavA mathe che. tethI traNamAMthI koIpaNa vidhAna ayogya kahI zakAya nahIM. 6. jJAnanA prakAro (Kinds or categories of Knowledge) : paMcasAnaH Agama sAhityamAM jovA maLatI jJAnasaMbaMdhI mAnyatAo atiprAcIna che. saMbhavataH bhagavAna mahAvIra pahelAMnI A mAnyatAo che. Agama sAhityamAM paMcajJAnacarcA jovA maLe che. pArzvanAtha paraMparAnA sAdhu kezikumAra svamukhe kahe che: ame zramaNa nigraMtha pAMca prakAranA jJAnamAM mAnIe chIe : (1) AbhinibaMdhika jJAna athavA matijJAna, (2) zratajJAna, (3) avadhijJAna, (4) mana:paryAyajJAna, ane (5) kevaLajJAna. paMcajJAnanI mAnyatA zvetAMbara-digaMbara bane paraMparAomAM prAyaH samAna rIte jovA maLe che. have ApaNe A pratyeka aMge savistara jaIzuM. AmAMthI prathama be pakSa jJAna-prakAre che; jyAre aMtima traNa pratyakSa jJAna-prakAre che ane temAMthI aMtima prakAra pUrNa-sakala pratyakSa che, - jyAre bAkInA be vikala-apUrNa pratyakSa che. (1) matijJAna (sensory Knowledge) : tatvArtha sUtra matijJAnanI vyAkhyA "Indriya ane mana dvArA utpanna thatA jJAna" tarIke Ape che. (tasaMDhiyAnefrofiImaram | 1.14) Indriya ane mana dvArA utpanna thatA jIva ane ajIvaviSayaka jJAna matijJAna che. tatvArthabhASya matijJAnanA be piTAprakAre Ape che : (1) indriyajanya jJAna ane (2) mane janya jJAna (1.14). tatvArthasUtra paranI TIkAmAM siddhasenagaNi matijJAnanA traNa peTAprakAre Ape che: (1) Indrijanya (2) anindriyajanya (mane janya) ane (3) Indriya-anindriyajanya (114). (1) Indriyajanya jJAna mAtra indriyo dvArA utpanna thAya che. (2) anindriyajanya jJAna mAtra mana dvArA utpanna thAya che. (3) Indriya-anindriyajanya jJAna mATe Indriya ane mana baMnene saMyukata prayAsa jarUrI che. avagraha, IhA, avAya ane dhAraNuM matijJAnanA vividha tabakkAo che. A - aMgenI vigato sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa heThaLa A agAu Apela che ane tethI tenuM punarAvartana ahIM Avazyaka nathI. * juo prakaraNa 3, pR. 99-101.

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122 (2) zrutajJAna : (Scriptural or Verbal Knowledge) : kAI Aptavacana zravaNathI ke Apta vAkaca-vAMcanathI thatu jJAna zrutajJAna che. A jJAna Agama jJAna ke zabdajJAna paNa kahevAya che. Aptajana dvArA praNIta Agama ke anya zAstro dvArA maLatu jJAna zruta jJAna che. zrutajJAna parAkSa jJAnanA eka prakAra che, kAraNa ke A jJAna pratyakSa rIte nahIM paraMtu parAkSa rIte-AgamA dvArA ke AtmajananA vizvasanIya zabdo dvArAprApta thAya che. paraMparAgata jaina paribhASA ane tenA sabhAna upayAga zrutajJAnanI anivArya AvazyakatA che. jaina paraMparAmAM zrutajJAnanA mULa artha AgamAmAM samAviSTa jJAna' evA. thatA hatA, paraMtu samaya jatAM tenA artha 'AgameAnu jJAna' evA thaye. jainadarzana. jaina zruta-siddhAMtanuM viziSTa lakSaNu e che ke te zrutajJAna mATe matijJAna Avazyaka mAne che. alabatta, matijJAna mATe zrutajJAna Avazyaka nathI. zrutajJAna thavA mATe zabda zravaNa Avazyaka che, kAraNa ke zAstra-Agama zabdAtmaka che. zabda-zravaNa matinI aMtargata che, kAraNa ke te zravaNanA viSaya che. jyAre zabda sa MbhaLAya che tyAre tenA arthanuM smaraNa thAya che-tenuM zrutajJAna thAya che. zabda zravaNurUpa pravRtti matijJAna che. tyArabAda utpanna thatu jJAna zrutajJAna che. AthI matijJAna kAraNa che ane zruta,na pariNAma che. matijJAnanA abhAvamAM zrutajJAna zakaya nathI. paraMtu matina zrutajJAna pUrve hovAthI matijJAna mATe zrutajJAna Avazyaka nathI. zrutajJAnanu vAstavika kAraNa zrutajJAnAvaraNanA kSayeApazama che. matijJAna tA tenu bAhya kAraNa che matijJAna thavA chatAM zrutajJAnAvaraNanA kSayApazama na thAya to zrutajJAna thatuM nathI. anyathA je kAI zAstravacana sAMbhaLe, te sarvene zrutajJAna thaI jAya. zabda zrutAnanA AdhArastaMbha che. hastasa ta vagere anya sAdhanA dvArA paNa A jJAna thAya che. zabdAnI jema temanuM grahaNa kAna dvArA thatuM nathI. tema chatAM temana! dvArA thatu jJAna zrutajJAna kahevAya che. saMketa-smaraNanI jarUra rahe nahI teTalu zrutajJAna svAbhAvika banI jAya tyAre te matijJAnamAM samAviSTa thaI jAya che. zrutajJAna mATe ciMtana ane satasmaraNu atyaMta Avazyaka che. abhyAsakALa daramiyAna Avu na hotAM A jJAna zrutijJana ane che. jIvamAtramAM echAmAM ochAM matijJAna ane zrutijJAna ema be prakAranAM jJAna hoya che. A dRSTie ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke jyAM matijJAna che tyAM zrutajJAna che ane jyAM zrutajJAna che tyAM matijJAna paNa che. A baMne jJAna jIvamAM

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA kAIne koI pramANamAM hara samaye hoya che. kAI viziSTa jJAnanI dRSTithI nahIM, paraMtu jIvanI dRSTie, mati ane zrutajJAna sahacArI che. zrutajJAnanA prakAro : 123 zrutajJAnanA be prakAreA cheH 1 agabAhya, ane 2. agapraviSTa. aMgabAjInA aneka prakAza (kAlika, utkAlika vagere) che. jyAre agapraviSTanA 12 prakAza che je aMga kahevAya che. sAkSAt tIrthaMkara dvArA prakAzita ane guNadharA dvArA sUtrabaddha hoya te aMgaviSTa che. tyArabAda AcAryoM janahitArthe agavaSTa graMthAne AdhAre judA judA viSayo para gra MthA lakhe che. A graMthe agabAhya jJAnanI aMtargata che. tAtparya e che ke aMgapraviSTa grathAnA racayitA gaNadhara svayaM che, jyAre aMgabAhya graMthanA racayitA A paraMparAnA ja anya AcAryo che. zruta vAstavamAM jJAnAtmaka che. paraMtu zAstrone paNa zruta kahevAya che, kAraNa ke te jJAnAtpatinA sAdhana che. Avazyaka niyukti mujaba, jeTalA akSarA che ane tenA jeTalAM judAM judAM sayeAjanA che teTalA ja zrutajJAnanA bheda che. tethI tenA sarva bhedAnI gaNanA zakatca nathI. zrutajJAnanA 14 mukhya bheda che: 1. akSara, 2. sattI, 3. samyak, 4. sAdika, 5. sapa sita, 6. gamita, ane 7. aMgapraviSTa e sAta ane tenA virAdhI sAta, jema 8. anakSara, 9. asa nI, 10. mithyA, 11. anAdika,. 12. apa visata, 13. agamita, ane 14. aMgamAnya. nadIsUtramAM Anu savistara varNana jevA maLe che. (1) akSaranA traNa bhede che. saMjJAkSara, vyaMjanAkSara ane lakSara. prathama e dravyazruta che, jyAre trIjuM lAvazruta che. udharasa khAvI, UMce zvAsa levA vagere anakSara zruta che. (2) dI kAlikI, hetupadezakI ane dRSTivAde padezikI e sa MtazrutanA traNa bheda che. vamAna, bhUta ane bhaviSya ema trikALAMvaSayaka vicAra dIrghakAlikI soMpa che. kevaLa vartamAnanI daSTie hita-ahitanA vicAra hetupadezakI sattA che. samyak zrutanA jJAnane lIdhe, hita-ahitanuM jJAna daSTivAdopadezakI sarajJA che. A sA dhAraNa karanAra sanI kahevAya che. A saMjJAo dhAraNa na karanAra asa nI kahevAya che.. (3) samyak zruta AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga vagere jaina mULa graMthAne nirdeze che, jyAre vaida ane purANA jevA jainetara gra MthA mithyA zruta che. (4) sAdika zruta e che jene prAraMbha che, ane jene kAI Adi (prAraMbha) nathI. te anAdika zruta che. dravyarUpe zruta anAdika che ane paryAyarUpe sAdika che.

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124 jinadarzana (5) saparyavasitazrata e che ke jene aMta hoya che, ane aparyAvasita zrata e che ke jene aMta heto nathI. ahIM dravya ane paryAyanI dRSTine upayoga karavAnuM che. (6) jene samAna pATha upalabdha hoya te gAmika che ane agamika asadazArAkalApaka hoya che. (7) aMgapraviSTa ane aMgabAhya aMge ApaNe upara joI gayA chIe. (3) avadhijJAna (clairvoyance) : avadhi eTale sImA. avadhijJAna Indriya ke mananI sahAya vinA AtmA dvArA 'utpanna thatuM pratyakSa jJAna che. tene viSaya mAtra rUpI padArtha arthAta pugala che, pAMca arUpI dravya (AtmA, dharma, adhama, dika, kALa) nahIM. A tenI sImA-maryAdA che. avadhijJAna AtmA dvArA utpanna thAya che tethI pratyakSa jJAna che paraMtu uparokata viSayanI sImA-maryAdAne lIdhe te apUrNa che ane tethI vikala pratyakSa che, sakala pratyakSa nathI. avadhijJAna mATenI bhinna bhinna mAnavInI zaktiomAM taphAvata che. karma-baMdha pratyakSa jJAna mATenI mAnavInI zaktinI maryAdA mATe javAbadAra che ane -A karmabaMdhe sarva mAnavAmAM ekI sAthe dUra thatA nathI. Ama mAno temanA pitAnAM karmo dvArA temanA para ladAyela maryAdAo saphaLa rIte pAra karavAnA bina tabakkAomAM hoya che ane tethI temanI zakitaomAM paNa vyApaka pramANamAM taphAvata jovA maLe che. avadhijJAnanI sUkSmatama zakita a9patama zikaya diku rokatAM padArthonuM pratyakSIkaraNa karavAnI ane sUkSmAtisUkSma kALabiMdune artha samajavAnI mAnavInI zakita sUcave che. guNAtmaka dRSTie, zreSTha avadhijJAna anaMta dika-biMduo raktA padArthonuM pratyakSIkaraNa ane anaMta samaya-cakro(bhUta temaja bhaviSyanA)nI samaja che. kALa-samajavRddhi sAthe dika-samajamAM paNa vRddhi thAya che. paraMtu AthI viparIta thatuM nathI. avadhijJAnanA zreSTha prakAramAM anaMta saMkhyAne paryAnuM jJAna thAya che, paraMtu sarve paryAnuM nahIM. sarve jIva (mAtra mAnavavyakitao ja nahIM, bhinna bhinna pramANamAM avadhijJAna mATenI zakti dharAve che. avadhijJAnanA prakAra avadhijJAnanA traNa prakAra cheH (1) dezAvadhi, (2) paramAvadhi ane (3) savadhi. prathama prakArane vistAra dika-kALanI paristhitio dvArA maryAdita thAya

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jenA jJAnamImAMsA che, jyAre bIjo prakAra A rIte maryAdita thato nathI. sarvAvadhi vizvana sarve rUpI dravyanA IndriyAtIta pAsanuM pratyakSa che. avadhijJAnanA adhikArInA prakAraH avadhijJAnanA adhikArIonA be prakAre che (1) bhava pratyayI ane (2) guNapratyayI. bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna deva ane nArakane thAya che, jyAre guNapratyaya. avadhijJAna mAnavI ke tiryaMcane thAya che. deva ane nArakane janmatAMveMta ja avadhijJAna. prApta thAya che. A mATe temane vrata, niyama vagerenuM pAlana karavuM paDatuM nathI. tene bhava ja e che ke janmatAMnI sAthe sAthe ja temane avadhijJAna prApta thAya che. manuSya ane anya prANIo mATe Ama nathI. vyaktinA prayatna dvArA karmono kSayopazama. thatAM ja avadhijJAna uddabhave che. deva ane nArakanI jema manuSya vagere mATe A jJAna janmasiddha nathI, paraMtu vrata, niyama vagere guNonA pAlanathI prApta karI zakAya che. tethI tene guNa pratyaya athavA kSAyopathamika kahe che. guNa pratyaya avadhinA cha prakAre che : (1) anugAmI, (2) ananugAmI, (3) vardhamAna, (4) hIyamAna, (5) avasthita, ane (6) anavasthita. (1) anugAmI : je avadhijJAna eka sthAnane choDIne anya sthAne jatA rahevA chatAM paNa naSTa thatuM nathI, paraMtu sAthe sAthe jAya che te anugAmI che. (2) anugAmI: utpattisthAnane tyAga karatAM je avadhijJAna nAza pAme te ananugAmI che. (3) vardhamAnaH je avadhijJAna utpatti-samayathI kramazaH vRddhi pAmatuM jaya. te vardhamAna che. A vRddhi kSetra, zuddhi vagere koIpaNa daSTie zakya che. (4) hIcamAnaH je avadhijJAna samaya vyatIta thatAM tenI tIvratAmAM ghaTatuM jAya te hIyamAna che. (5) avasthita H je avadhijJAnamAM tenAM utpatti-samayathI vRddhi-kamI nA thAya paraMtu janmAMtara samaye ke kevaLajJAna thatAM naSTa thAya te avasthita che. (6) anavarita: je avadhijJAna koIvAra vRddhi pAme ane koIvAra. kamI thAya te anavasthita che.

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126 jinadarzana (4) mana:paryAyajJAna (Telepathy): mana:paryAyajJAna eTale mananA (padArthone nahIM) paryAnuM jJAna. jaina daSTie, mana viziSTa bhautika dravya che. tenA paryAye vicArakriyAomAM pariNamatI vibhinna parivartana-sthitio che. ApaNI pratyeka vicAra-sthiti (avasthA) manane viziSTa paryAya che. jevI rIte ApaNe vicAra-sthitimAM parivartana thAya che tevI rIte mana paNa parivartana pAme che. A rIte ApaNI pratyeka vicAra-sthiti ApaNA mananA vibhinna paryAmAM pratibiMbita thAya che. bIjA zabdomAM, vicAra-sthiti manane viziSTa paryAya ja che. jyAre vyakti koI viSayane vicAra kare che tyAre tenA mananuM vividha paryAmAM parivartana thAya che. Indriya ane mananA sAdhana vinA, anyanA mananAM paryAnuM pratyakSa jJAna (direct apprehension) jaina tatvajJAnamAM mana 5rcA rUAna kahevAya che. mana:paryAyajJAnayukata vyakita ApaNI vicArasthitio pratyakSa rIte jANI zake che. vicAra-rithationuM A jJAna mana je sAmagrInuM baneluM che te sAmagrIne paryAnuM sIdhuM pratyakSa che, temAM Indriya ane mananAM sAdhanAnI AvazyakatA nathI. mana:paryAyajJAnathI anya manamAM vicAratI vastunuM jJAna thatuM nathI paraMtu vicAra karavAnA samaye uddabhavatI mananI AvRttio (paryAya)ne sAkSAtkAra thAya che. jema ApaNe pustaka vageremAM aMkita lipine pratyakSa joIe chIe tevI rIte mana:paryAyajJAnayukta vyakti mAdravya (manarUpI pariNamelAM pudgale)nI viziSTa AkRtione pratyakSa jue che. A AkRttione sAkSAtkAra e ja mana 5ryAya jJAnanI sAkSAt kriyA che ne A sAkSAtkArathI anya vyakti te samaye je vAta vicAratI hoya te te jANI zake che. A jJAna AtmA dvArA thAya che, mane dvArA nahIM. mana te mAtra viSaya che, to sAkSAt AtmA che. mana:paryAyajJAna mAnavavyaktio pUratuM maryAdita che. tene udbhava guNane lIdhe thAya che. cAritryazIla vyakti A jJAnanI adhikArI che. sAmAnya vyaktine mana:paryAyAnanI zakti prApta thatI nathI. A jJAna mATe ugra mAnasika-zArIrika zista Avazyaka che. A jJa nayukta vyakti anivArya rIte saMsAratyAgI sAdhujana hoya che. tenuM cAritrya uccatara prakAranuM hoya che. avadhijJAna mATe AvI paristhitionI kaI avazyaktA nathI, mana:paryAyajJAnanA uddabhava mATenI AvazyakatAo : naMdIsara mAnavImAM mana:paryAyazAnanA uddabhava mATe nIcenI AvazyakatAo nirdeza cheH (1) mAnavavyaktiomAM Indriya saMpUrNapaNe vikasita hovI joIe ane temanuM vyaktitva saMpUrNa rIte vikasita hevuM joIe arthAta teo paryApta' hovAM joIe.

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jaina jJAnamImAMsA 127 (2) temanAmAM samyag dRSTi hovI joIe ane pariNAme tee rAgadveSathI para hovA joIe. (3) temanAmAM AtmaniyatraNa hovu joIe ane temanAmAM asAdhAraNa zaktie hovI joIe. mana:paryAya jJAnanA viSaya : mana:paryAyajJa:nanA viSayasa badhI sarvasa Mmati pravartatI nathI. umAsvAtinA mate, mana:paryAyajJAnamAM sAmI vyAMktanA mananA mAdhyama vinA ja te mana dvArA jJAna padArthonuM ja sIdhe sIdhuM pratyakSa jJAna thAya che. sAmI vyaktinA manamAM thatAM parivanA te mana dvArA jJAta padArtha ne pratyakSa karavAmAM bAdhaka banatA nathI. jinabha nA mate, maneAdravyanI sthitinuM pratyakSa jJAna thAya che para Mtu temanI vastuniSpha sAmagrI mAtra parAkSa rIte pratyakSIkRta thAya che. Anu kAraNa e che ke mananI sAmagrImAM rUpI (bhautika) ane arUpI (abhautika) padArthonA samAveza thAya che. mananI parivartana pAmatI sthitinA mAdhyama vinA anyanA vicAronA jJAna aMge vicAravu behuduM che. sane tethI rUpI" temaja "arUpI" padArtho mAtra parAkSa rIte jJAta thAya che ema mAnavuM vadhAre tarkasaMgata che. paraMparAgata jaina mata mujaba, mananI AiMtae (paryAya!)nuM pratyakSarIte jJAna thAya che. mana:paryAya eTale mananA padArthonuM jJAna evA zabdanA zAbdika artha ahIM levAmAM Ave che. ahIM mananu jJAna mukhya che ane padArthanu jJAna tenA jJAna pachInI vastu che. mananA jJAnathI padArthanuM jJa!na thAya che, sIdhu padArtha jJAna thatu nathI. mana:paryAya jJAnanA prakAro : mana:paryAyajJAnanA be prakAra che: (1) Rjumati ane (2) vipulati prathama prakAranI apekSAe khInne prakAra ma!navInI AdhyAtmika utkrAMtinI uccatara kakSA vyakata kare che ane tethI te adhika vizuddha che. prathama prakAranI apekSAe bIjo prakAra mananA sUkSmatara pariNAmAne paNa jANI zake che. vaLI, Rjumati udbhava bAda nAza paNa pAme che, jyAre vipulamati tenI apekSAe vadhAre sthira che ane kevaLajJAnaprAptiparyaMta avasya cAlu rahe che. avadhijJAna ane mana:paryAya jJAna vacce taphAvata : avadha ane mana:paryAya bane jJAna rUpI dravyaparyaMta sImita che, apUrNa arthAt vikala pratyakSa che. be vacce zuddhi, kSetra, vyakti ane viSayanA sabaMdhamAM taphAvata che. adhikArI

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jainadarzana (1) zuddhi : avadhijJAnanI apekSAe, mana:paryAya jJAna potAnA viSayane vadhAre spaSTa rIte jANI zake che ane tethI adhika vizuddha che. avadhijJAnamAM bhautika padArtha (rUpI dravya) ane mananuM paNa pratyakSa zakaya che. para Mtu te mana:paryAyajJAnanA kissAmAM che teTaluM spaSTa nathI. mana:paryAyajJananuM pratyakSa vadhAre spaSTa che ane anya manA paNa vadhAre spaSTa rIte jJAta thAya che. mana:paryAyajJa!na dvArA rUpI dravyanA sUkSma aMza jANI zakAya che. mana:paryAyajJAnanI vizuddhi tenA viSayanI adhikatA para nahIM paraMtu viSayanI sUkSmatA para nirbhara che. 129 (2) kSetra : avadhijJAnanuM kSetra mana:paryAyajJAna karatAM atyaMta vyApaka che -AMgaLInA asa MkhyAtamA bhAgathI mAMDIne samagra lAkapata che; jyAre manaHparyAyajJAnanu kSetra manuSyaleAka pUratuM ja sImita che. (3) adhikArI vyakti : avadhijJAna cAre gatinA sarva jIva deva, nAraka, manuSya, ane tiryaMca-mATe zakaya che, jyAre mana:paryAyajJAna mAtra cAritryavAna manuSya mATe ja zakaya che. (4) viSaya : avadhijJAnanA viSaya sarva rUpI dravya che, (tenA sa paryaMce nahI), jyAre mana:paryAyajJAnanA viSaya mAtra mana che je rUpI dravyanA aMnatama bhAga che. avadha ane mana:paryAyajJAna ane vikala pratyakSa che, saphala pratyakSa nathI. bane jJAna vacce kAI evA taphAvata nathI ke jene AdhAre bane jJAna svataMtra siddha karI zakAya. baMnemAM eka ja jJAnanI khe bhUmikAe che. (5) kevaLajJAna : (Omniscience) : tattvArtha sUtra kevaLajJAnanI vyAkhyA nIce mujaba Ape che. kevaLajJAna paripUrNa, samagra, asAdhAraNa, nirapekSa,vizuddha, sarva-bhAvanApaka (sarvagrAhI) che ane leAka, alAka ane ana ta paryAya tenA viSaya che. te sa MpUrNa-sala pratyakSa che. jaina dRSTie, indriyA ane mana jJAnanAM sAdhanA' karatAM aMtarAyanAM sAdhane' savizeSa che . ane tethI devaLonanA tabakko dik-kALanAM mULatattvAthI para che. A rIte, kevaLajJAna eka sarvAMgasaMpUrNa anubhava che ane tene dik-kALaanubhavanI maryAdAe lAgu paDatI nathI. kevaLajJAna mAnavajJAnavikAsanuM aMtima seApAna che ane temAM vAstavikatA ke tattvanA sa MpUrNa sAkSAtkAra kAIpaNa AMtarAya vinA thAya che. kevaLajJAnane viSaya sarve dravya ane sarve paryAya che ane tethI te sarvoparI jJAna che, jyAre matijJAna ane zratajJAnanA viSaye sarve dravyeA che paraMtu temana

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jenA jJAnamImAMsA 129 sarva paryAyomAM nahIM, avadhijJAnane viSaya mAtra rUpI dravyo che paraMtu temanA sarva paryAyomAM nahIM, mana:paryAyajJAna avadhi dvArA jJAta evA rUpI dravyonuM adhika vizuddha ane anaMta rIte sUkSma jJAna che. AkAzamAM sUryanA Agamana sAthe anya prakAzita padArtho adrazya thAya che tema kevaLajJAnanA udaya sAthe anya cAra apUrNa jJAna -prakAra paNa adazya thAya che. bhAratIya jJAnamImAMsAnI dRSTie, kevaLajJAnane jene khyAla advitIya che. kevaLajJAna Indrio ane mana dvArA ubhavela aMtarAyo-AvaraNa-nI kramika nAbUdI dvArA sarva jJAnanI aMtima pariNati che. pramANamImAMsA kevaLajJAna-sarvajJatA-nA astitva mATe nIcenI dalIla kare che: kevaLajJAnanI sAbitI jJAnanA kramika vikAsanI aMtima pariNatinI anivAryatAmAMthI nipana thAya che" (1-1-16). jJAnane kramika vikAsa kayAMka tenI pUrNatAe pahoMcavo joIe, kAraNa ke A ja sarva vikAsanI rIti che. zrI mehanalAla mahetA A spaSTa karatAM jaNAve che, "jevI rIte garamI bhinna bhinna pramANone AdhIna che ane aMtamAM tenI carama sImAe pahoMce che tevI rIte aMtarAyarUpa AvaraNanA nAzanAM vibhinna pramANane lIdhe kramika vikAsane AdhIna che tevuM jJAna parama sImA arthAta kevaLajJAna (sarvajJatA) para tyAre pahoMce che ke jyAre aMtarAyarUpa karma-AvaraNe saMpUrNa rIte nAza pAme che."* jJAna AtmAne svAbhAvika guNa che. anAvRta avasthAmAM AtmAne eka ane akhaMDa jJAna thAya che. A kevaLajJAna che. AtmA jJAnanuM sAdhana nathI, paraMtu jJAnasvarUpa che. jJAnanA abhAvamAM AtmAnI kalpanA azakaya che. AtmAne karma-pugala sAthenA sAyujya kALa daramyAna AtmAnuM A lakSaNa aspaSTa rahe che, nAza pAmatuM nathI. prathama mehanIya ane tyArabAda jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa ane aMtarAya karmone kSaya thatAM, AtmAnAM nijI svarUpane pUrNa vikAsa-AviSkAra thAya che. A kevaLajJAna che. A Atma-pratyakSa" paNa kahevAya che. cetanA AtmAnuM hArda che ane te tenA svarUpathI prakAzita che. AtmAnA prakAzita svarUpane arthAta AtmAne AviSkAra pAramArthika svarUpathI pratyakSa che. sarvajJatA kevaLajJAna AtmAnI mULa temaja mukta baMne sthitimAM AtmAnuM lakSaNa che. AtmA kartA ane jJAna karaNa (sAdhana) che te paNa baMne vacceno bheda Avazyaka nathI, baMne vacce saMbaMdha AMkha ane dRSTi * Outlines of Jainism, p. 100. je. 9

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jainadarzana jevo che. jJAna AtmAnI svAbhAvika ane viziSTa lAkSaNiktA che. sarvajJatA AtmAnuM saheja suSupta lakSaNa che. karma-pugalanA saMpUrNa kSaya dvArA AvaraNa dUra thatAM AtmAnuM A suSupta lakSaNa mUrtimaMta thAya che. A rIte jJAnavihIna keI AtmA nathI tema AtmAvihIna kaI jJAna nathI. vAstavamAM jJAna ane AtmA ekarUpa che. kevaLajJAnane sarvajJatA paNa kahevAya che. sarvajJatA eTale sarvanuM jJAna traNe kALanAM sarve dravyonuM temanA sarve paryAye sahita jJAna. sarvajJatAmAM kaMI ajJAta rahetuM nathI. sarvajJa (kevaLI) eTale je sarva jANe che te. tenAthI kazuM ja ajJAta nathI. mImAMsAdarzana kevaLajJAnane eTalA mATe asvIkArya mAne che ke te chamAMthI koIpaNuM pramANa dvArA puravAra thatuM nathI, paraMtu kevaLajJAnanA khyAla pAchaLa mULabhUta siddhAMta e che ke sarva pragati paripUrNatAmAM virame che ane jJAnaprApti prakriyA AmAM apavAdarUpa kevI rIte hoI zake ?

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1. mana prakaraNa pa jaina manAvijJAna (Jaina Psychology) pramANamImAMsA mananI vyAkhyA "sarva padArtha grahaNa karanAra" tarIke Ape che. (marzace kahAM mama: / 1-2-24), te sarva IndriyAnA sarva padArtho grahaNa kare che ane tethI te sarva padArthagrAhI indriya kahevAya che. te atyaMta sUkSma che ane tethI te atindriya ke ne-Indraya (non-sense or quasi-sense) paNa kahevAya che. nindriyanA artha IndriyanA abhAva nathI para Mtu amuka aMze indriya che. jevI rIte -anudarA kanyAnA artha daravihoNI kanyA thato nathI, parantu garbha bhAra sahana karavA asamartha evA udaravALI kanyA thAya che; tevI rIte netra vagere jema niyata sthAna, viSaya, upasthitinA abhAvane lIdhe manane anindriya kahe che. mana ata:karaNa (innersense) . paNu kahevAya che, kAraNa ke anya indriyAnI jema tenA krAI bAhya AkAra nathI. te anya indriyAnI apekSAe atyaMta sUkSma hovAthI sUkSma Indriya (subtle sense) paNa kahevAya che. anya sava darzonA manane eka indriya mAne che, jyAre jaina darzana manane eka indriya mAnatuM nathI ane A rIte anya darzananA mananA khyAlathI jaina darzananA mananA khyAla judA paDe che. IndriyA ane mana vacce traNa bheda che. (1) indriyA zarIramAM nizcita sthAna dharAve che, jyAre mana AvuM I sthAna dharAvatuM nathI. (2) indriyA nAtAnI bahAra evA kAI padArtho prati vaLe che ane bAhya padArthonuM ja pratyakSIkaraNa kare che, jyAre mana aMdara prati vaLe che ane AMtarika sthitionuM pratyakSIkaraNa kare che ane te sa 'AMtareka anubhavA'ne artha, sAtatya ane saMvAditA bakSe che. A rIte mana tenA svarUpamAM viziSTa che. (3) taduparAMta pratyeka indriyane pratyakSIkaraNanA tenA potAnA viziSTa viSaya hoya che, jyAre mana sarva IndriyAnA sarve padArtho jANavA samartha che. mananA

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132 jainadarzana A sAmarthyanuM eka kAraNa e che ke te sUkSma che. tethI mana sUkSma Indriya paNa kahevAya che. - jaina darzana mana dvArA grahaNa thatAM padArthonI yAdImAMthI AtmAne bAkAta rAkhe che. jyAre pUrNatA prApta thAya che tyAre AtmA Indriya ke mananI sahAya. vinA pratyakSa jJAna meLavavA samartha che ane tethI e spaSTa che ke manane tenI maryAdAo che. pratyakSa jJAnaprApti mATenI tenI binaasarakArakatAne lIdhe jaina darzana manane kevaLajJAna mATe vidhAyaka aMtarAya mAne che. AtmA ane mana baMne ekabIjAthI judAM che. pUrNatAmAM mAnasika pravRttio ke Indriya-pratyakSonAM kaI cihno nathI. mananA prakAre ? jema IndriyanA kandriya ane bhAvendriya evA be prakAro che tema mananA. paNaH 1. dravya mana (physical mind) ane (2) bhAva mana (psychica mind) evA be prakAre che. (1) dravya manaH te manamAM rUpAMtarita thayela sUkSma pudgala dravya che ane tethI te padagalika mana tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. jinabhadrajInA mate, paudagalika mana. pudgalanA anaMta saMkhyAnAM sUkSma ane saMvAdI tara-aMze-nuM baneluM che. (2) bhAva manaH te mAnasika prakriyAo mATe che. AtmA mATe aMtarAyarUpa jJAnAvaraNa karmane nAza na thAya tyAM sudhI ke jJAna zakya nathI. jJAnAvaraNa karmane nAza ane mananI grahaNazIlatA mATenI tatpazcAt tatparatA labdhi tarIke nirdezAtuM kArya che. Ama chatAM, A uparAMta cetanamaya mAnasika pravRtti (upayoga)mAM AtmAnuM vidhAyaka rUpAMtara paNa ahIM apekSita che. A rIte mananAM be pAsAM che H 1. labdhi ane 2. upaga. A be vacce bheda pADave muzkela che. A be eka ane samAna kArya (mananI pravRtti)nAM be paraspara saMbaMdhita pAsAM che. zrI bhaTTAcArya darzAve che ke jyAM sudhI AtmA labdhi arthAta tulanA, vicAra vagere zakti dharAvate na hoya tyAM sudhI AMtarika cetanamaya pravRttio dA.ta., tulanA, vicAra va. azakya che. jyAM sudhI upaga na hoya arthAta jyAM sudhI A mAnasika prakriyAo cAlu rAkhavA kaIka AtmalakSI prayAsa (dhyAna) na hoya tyAM sudhI A AMtarika prakriyAo azakaya che. A rIte jena maMtavya mujaba, egya mAnasika kArya mATe AtmAnuM rUpAMtara thAya che. * Bhattacharya, H. S., Reals in Jaina Metaphysics, p. 243 244.

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jaina aneAvijJAna mananuM kArya samanaska vyaktine amanaska vyaktithI bhinna pADe che. gAmmaTasAra darzAve che tema, mananI sahAyathI, vyakti zIkhe che, hAvabhAva samaje che, sUcanAe grahaNa kare che ane vAtacIta anusare che...mana dvArA ja vyakti karatAM pahelAM zu karavu joIe ane zuM na karavu joIe' e nakkI karavA samartha bane che. mana dvArA ja vyakti vAstavika ene avAstavika vaccenA bheda zIkhI zake che. jyAre tene tenA nAmathI kheAlAvavAmAM Ave che tyAre te mana hovAne lIdhe pratikriyA kare che. * 2. AtmA (Soul or Self) (1) AtmAnI vyAkhyA (Definition of Soul) : cetanA AtmAnuM asAdhAraNa lakSaNa che. tattvArthasUtra upayoga (cetanAnI kriyA) zabda dvArA AtmAnuM lakSaNa darzAve che. mAtra cetanA evI che je AtmA sivAya anya dravyamAM hoI zake nahIM. cetanA jIva-ajIva vaccenI mukhya bheda rekhA che. tethI cetanA jIvanuM lakSaNa che. cetanA uparAMta utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya, sat (astitva), prameyatva vagere sAmAnya lakSaNA paNa temAM samAviSTa che. viziSTa dravyanI vyAkhyAmAM anya drabyAmAM jovA na maLatA hoya tevA asAdhAraNa--viziSTa lakSaNane ja samAveza thAya che. jyAre ApaNe tenAM sarva lakSaNA nirdezIe chIe tyAre ApaNe tenI vyAkhyA karatA nathI para Mtu tenuM varNana karIe chIe. 133 cetanAmAM tenAM ghaTakatattvA tarIke jJAna ane na samAviSTa che. upayoganA artha mAtra jJAna ane darzana thAya che. parantu AtmA anaMta catuSTayayukata che. arthAt te anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta sukha ane anaMta vIrya dharAvanAra dravya che. mukatAtmA A anaMta catuSTayayukta che. sa sArI jIvamAM A anaMta catuSTaya tenA pUrNa svarUpamAM hotuM nathI. kAraNa ke temAM te cAra ghAtIkak (jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, meAhanIya, ane aMtarAya ka)nA AvaraNa dvArA AcchAdita che. A cAra dhAtIkarmonA kSaya dvArA kramazaH anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta sukha ane anaMta vIryanA prAdurbhAva thAya che. muktAtmAo ane kevaLIe A cAra ghAtIyAMthI sa'pUrNarIte mukta che ane tethI tee pUrNa svarUpe anaMta catuSTayayukta che. A anaMtacatuSTaya' cetanAnI ja viziSTa zakti che ane tethI cetanA ja AtmA ke jIvanuM viziSTa lakSaNa che. " gADha nidrAvasthA paNa cetanAvihoNI gAmmaTasAra, jIvakAMDa, pR. 662.

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134 janadAra nathI, kAraNa ke je te na svIkArIe te tatpazcAta jAgRtavasthAmAM ArAmadAyI ane gADha nidrAnA sukha anubhavanuM smaraNa azakaya banI jAya."* AtmA tAttvika abhUtakaraNa che ane tethI te tattvajJanI tapAsano viSaya kahI zakAya. Ama chatAM tenA astitvanuM kathana ane tenA svarUpanuM parIkSaNa mane vijJAnanuM paNa kArya che, kAraNa ke cetana manovijJAnane kendrIya pratyaya che ane tenI samaja pratyakSa rIte AtmAnA astitva sAthe saMbaMdhita che. mAnava-vyaktitvanAM vibhinna parimANa (dimensions) aMgenI prAcIna bhAratIya tattvajJanI samaja tene e jANavA zaktimAna banAve che ke mAnavInA mane vaijJAnika pAsAMnuM vizleSaNa svayaM sAdhya nathI, ane tethI tAttvika ane manovaijJAnika, vizleSaNe saMpUrNa rIte asaMbaMdhita hoya te rIte karavAmAM AvatA nathI. jenA ciMtake paNa AmAM apavAda nathI. (2) A tmAnuM svarUpa (Nature of soul) : vAdidevasUri AtmA(saMsArI Atma)nuM svarUpa nIce mujaba varNave che , "AtmA pratyakSa vagere pramANe dvArA siddha che, pramAtA che, tattvataH cetanasvarUpa che. pariNAma che, kartA che, sAkSAta letA che, ane svadehaparimANa che, pratyeka zarIramAM bhinna che ane pugala-karmayukta che." (pramANanayatattvAlaka, 7.55-56). 1. AtmAnA astitva mATenI dalIle ApaNe have pachI joIzuM. 2. AtmA cetanasvarUpa che. cetanA AtmAne mULabhUta guNa nyAya-vazeSikanI jema aupAdhika guNa nathI. te tenuM hArda che. AtmAnI vyAkhyAmAM ApaNe A joI gayA chIe. AtmA anaMta jJAna-darzana-sukha-vIryayukta che 3. AtmA pariNAma che, sAMkhyane puruSanI jema phUTastha nitya nathI. sukha, duHkha vagere pariNAmone anubhava AtmA kare che ane tethI te pariNAmI che, apariNamI ke aparivartanazIla nathI. 4. AtmA kartA che, sAMkhanA puruSanI jema sAkSImAtra nathI. sukha-duHkhane anubhava pravRtti-kriyA vinA zakya nathI. sukha-duHkha kriyArUpa che ane tethI AtmA kartA che, sakriya che, niSkriya nathI. * Mehta, M. L., Jaina Psychology, p. 31.

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135 5. AtmA bhaktA che. bhegarUpa kriyAne saMbaMdha AtmA sAthe che. jevI rIte pariNAma ane kriyAne Azraya AtmA che tevI rIte bhegarUpa kriyAne Azraya paNa AtmA ja ho jAIe. sAMkhyadarzana puruSane sAkSAt bhoktA mAnatuM nathI. 6. AtmA svadehaparimANa che. A jaina darzananI viziSTatA che. AtmAmAM saMkeca ane vistAranI zakti che. baMne dazAmAM pradeza-saMkhyA samAna rahe che. je AtmA hAthInA zarIramAM che te kIDInA zarIramAM paNa rahI zake che. Ama te svadehaparimANa che. anya bhAratIya darzananI jema AtmA ahIM sarvavyApaka nathI. jevI rIte dUdha ane pANI, tala ane tela, phUla ane gaMdha-A sarve eka lAge che, tevI rIte saMsArI dazAmAM jIva ane zarIra eka lAge che. 7. AtmA aneka che. pratyeka zarIramAM bhinna bhinna AtmA che. vedAMtanI jema, AtmA sarvatra eka-abhinna nathI. AtmA-jIva-nA prakAre viSe ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA chIe. 8. AtmA pagalakarmayukta che. AtmA ane karmane A saMyoga anAdi che ane tethI sarvaprathama AtmA ane karmane saMga kevI rIte thayo te prazna upasthita thato nathI. ekavAra A saMga samApta thaI jAya tyArabAda punaH saMga thata nathI, kAraNa ke A samaye AtmA tenA zuddha amUrta svarUpane prApta kare che. A mukti-mokSa che. 9. te anAdi, anaMta, avinAzI che. te arUpI che. te jJAna vagere guNene AdhAra che. (3) AtmAnA astitva mATenI dalIlo (Arguments for the Existence of Soul): vizeSAvazyakabhASyamAM AtmAnA svataMtra astitvanI samasyAnA vizada carcAvicAraNuM jovA maLe che. indrabhUti jevA anAtmavAdI AtmAnA astitvanA virUddhamAM vAMdhAo upasthita kare che ane zrI mahAvIra tenA samucita uttara Ape che e prakAranuM nirUpaNa ahIM jovA maLe che. 1. AtmAnuM astitva zaMkAspada che, kAraNa ke ghaTa vagerenI jema koIpaNa Indriya dvArA tenuM Indriya-pratyakSa thatuM nathI. je kaMI adaSTa-apratyakSIkRta hoya te (dA. ta., AkAzakusuma) jagatamAM astitvamAna nathI. vaLI, AtmAne kissA paramANuo samAna nathI, kAraNa ke samudAya (dA.ta., ghaTa) tarIke teo Indriya-pratyakSanA * juo prakaraNa 2 pR. 51-57.

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133 jainadarzana viSaya bane che. tethI paramANue sat che. paraMtu AtmA kAIpaNa avasthAmAM Indriya-pratyakSanA viSaya banatA nathI ane tethI te asat che. 2. AtmAnuM astitva darzAvavA anumAna paNa upayAgI banatuM nathI, kAraNa ke anumAnanI pUrve pratyakSa Ave che ane te vyApti-smaraNanuM pariNAma che. 3. AtmAnuM astitva Agama pramANa dvArA paNa siddha karI zakatuM nathI, kAraNa ke Agama-jJAna anumAnathI bhinna nathI. Agama AtmAnA astitvanI ApaNI samajamAM sahAya kare che ema mAnI laIe te paNa AgamamAM AtmAnuM pratyakSa jJAna thayuM hoya evI vyaktinA anubhavA samAviSTa nathI, taduparAMta, AgamamAM paraspara virAdhI bAbatA jovA maLe che. AthI Agama pramANane AdhAre paNa AtmAnuM astitva puravAra karI zakAtuM nathI. 4. upamAna dvArA paNa AtmAnuM astitva prasthApita thaI zakatuM nathI, kAraNa ke samagra vizvamAM AtmAnI samAna aa tattva nathI. 5. arthApatti AtmAnA astitvane siddha karavAmAM sahAyarUpa nathI. dRSTa ke zrata evA kAI padArtha nathI ke jenA svIkAra dvArA AtmAnuM svataMtra astitva sAbita karI zakAya. 6. A rIte, jyAre AtmAnuM astitva yathArtha jJAnanA pAMcamAMthI kAIpaNa pramANa dvArA siddha karI zakAtu nathI tyAre te svAbhAvika rIte ja abhAvanA kSetramAM Ave che. abhAva chaThThuM pramANa che ane tenuM kArya anastitva-abhAva siddha karavAnu che. A rIte pUrva pakSa sAbita kare che ke AtmA astitvamAna nathI. zrI mahAvIra virAdhInI uparA dalIlAnA khaMDana dvArA AtmAnA astitvanI sAbitie nIce mujaba Ape cheH (1) kAIpaNa tattvanI sAbitI arthe mAtra 'iMdriya-pratyakSane ja AdhArabhUta mAnI zakAya nahIM. jo Ama mAnIe to sukha-duHkha vagere mAnasika anubhavAne paNa kevI rIte mAnI zakAya ? sukha-du: kha iMdriya--pratyakSanA viSaya nathI, mAnasika anubhavanA viya che. temane siddha karavA anya kAI pramANAnI AvazyakatA nathI. sukha-du:khanA anubhava dvArA AtmAnuM astitva siddha thAya che Ama, AtmA pratyakSa dvArA siddha thAya che, kAraNa ke zaMkA va. mAnasika ane bauddhika kriyAo AtmAne lIdhe che. jyAM zaMkA hoya che tyAM AtmAnAM astitvane avazya svIkAra karavA paDe che. je pratyakSa anubhava dvArA siddha hoya tene anya kAI pramANa dvArA

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jaina manovijJAna 137 siddha karavAnI AvazyakatA nathI. AtmA svayaMsiddha che, kAraNa ke tenA AdhAre ja saMzaya va. utpanna thAya che. (2) AtmA ahaMpratyayane lIdhe pratyakSa rIte anubhavAya che. ahaM-pratyaya (huM' tarIkenI pratIti) traNe kALanI kriyAo (meM karyuM, huM karuM chuM ane huM karIza) sAthe saMbaMdhita che. meM kahyuM, huM karuM chuM ane huM karIza e traNa kALanA kAryo sAthe saMbaMdhita ahaMpratyayane lIdhe AtmAne pratyakSa anubhava che. je AtmA na hoya te ahaMnI pratIti kevI rIte thAya ? tenA abhAvamAM, AtmA che ke nahIM evI zaMkA kevI rIte karI zakAya ? jaDa padArthomAM ahaM pratyaya utpanna karavAnI zakti nathI, kAraNa ke ahaMpratyayanA abhAvamAM jaDa padArthanuM jJAna ja thatuM nathI. aMhapratyaya prathama hoya te ja "A jaDa padArtha che evuM jJAna thAya che. ahaMpratyayane keIka AdhAra avazya hovo joIe, kAraNa ke te vinA vikAlika aMhapratyaya zakya nathI. je AtmA na hoya te aMhapratyaya paNa na hoya. A rIte AtmAnuM astitva che. (3) AtmAnA astitvane siddha karavA mATe mane vaijJAnika daSTibiMdune AdhAre dalIla karavAmAM Ave che. je AtmA na hoya to jJAnanI vividha kriyAo (jevI ke smRti, pratyabhijJA, saMzaya, nirNaya vagere) kadI paNa zakya bane nahIM. A sava mane vaijJAnika kriyAo eka cetanamaya tatvamAM kendrita thAya che. jJAna (cognition), 411n (affection) 249 Wrigl (conation) 313 3140174 detall astitva vinA azakya che, kAraNa ke ApaNuM mAnasika jIvananI A trividha kriyAo asaMbaMdhita-veravikhera ghaTanAo nathI, paraMtu vyavasthita svarUpamAM paraspara saMbaMdhita ghaTanAo che. smRtinI prakriyAnAM cAra ghaTa [ (1) sthApana ke aMkana (2) dhAraNa (3) punarAvAhana ane (4) pratyabhijJA ekabIjA sAthe vyavasthita rIte saMbaMdhita che ane A vyavasthita saMbaMdhane saMta AtmA che. A rIte smRtiprakriyA AtmAnuM astitva nizcita rIte puravAra kare che. zuddha rIte bhautika mastiSka ATaluM suvyavasthita ane susamAyojita kArya karI zake nahIM. (4) zaMkA ane zaMkA karanAranI samasyA tAtvika-sattAmUlaka (ontological) che. zrI mahAvIra zaMkAnA AdhAre tAvika-sattAmUlaka dalIla dvArA AtmAnuM astitva siddha kare che. saMke karanAra vinA, keI zaMkA zakya nathI, zaMkA karanAra sarva prakAranI zaMkAthI para che to paNa te sarva zaMkAmAM hAjara hoya che. zaMkA tenA AdhAra-adhiSThAna tarIke zaMkA karanAranA astitvanI pUrvApekSA rAkhe che. A adhiSThAna AtmA che, cetanamaya tattva che. je zaMkAne padArtha ja anastitvamAna hoya te pachI "huM

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138 jainadarzana chuM ke nathI' e zaMkA karanAra koNa che ? zrI mahAvIra gautamane kahe che, je tame svayaM tamArI jAta aMge zaMkAzIla to pachI zaMkAthI para zuM hoI zake ?" (5) AtmAnA astitvane siddha karavA mATe guNa-guNanI dalIla paNa karavAmAM Ave che. jevI rIte ghaDAnA AkAra vagere guNone joIne ghaDAnuM astitva siddha karI zakAya che, tevI ja rIte AtmAnA jJAna vagere guNonA anubhava dvArA AtmAnuM astitva siddha karI zakAya che. guNa ane guNI (guNonuM adhiSThAnaAdhAra) vacceno saMbaMdha avibhAjya che. jyAM guNa hoya che tyAM guNa anivArya rIta hoya che ane jyAM guNa hoya che tyAM guNa anivAryarIte hoya che. guNa guNa vinA zakya nathI ane guNa vinA guNa zakya nathI. jyAre guNane anubhava thAya che tyAre guNInuM astitva hovAnuM paNa siddha thAya che. paraMtu vidhI ahIM darzAvI zake ke A guNa AmA nahIM paraMtu zarIra che, kAraNa ke jJAna va. guNe mAtra zarIramAM ja jovA maLe che. je guNe zarIramAM ja jovA maLe che te zarIranA guNe che, jemake jADApaNuM, dubaLApaNuM vagere. Ane uttara nIce mujaba ApI zakAya ? (a) jJAna vagere guNe bhautika zarIranA guNa hoI zake nahIM, kAraNa ke zarIra ghaDAnI mAphaka "rUpI che. rUpI dravya(dAta. ghaDa)nA guNa arUpI hoI zake nahIM, kAraNa ke tenA guNe Indriyagocara che. jJAna vagere arUpI che, kAraNa ke te Indriyagocara nathI. tethI jJAna va. zarIranA guNa hoI zake nahIM. tethI jJAna vagere guNene Azraya arUpI dravya arthAt AtmA he joIe. (ba) taduparAMta, zarIranI hAjarImAM keTalIkavAra jJAna vagere guNene abhAva jovA maLe che, jemake nidrAvasthAmAM, mUIita avasthAmAM vagere. Ama, jJAna vagere guNe zarIranA nahIM paraMtu AtmAnA che. (ka) zarIra bhUta-bhautika tattvonuM baneluM che ane tethI te cetanAvihoNuM che. AthI te jJAna vagere guNenuM kAraNa hoI zake nahIM. samagra zarIra tenA judA judA bhAgonA lakSaNa tarIke cetanA na dharAvatuM hoya to pachI zarIra sAthe jovA maLatI cetanA AtmAnuM lakSaNa hovI joIe. deha sAthe AtmAnuM saMyojana tenAmAM cetanA utpanna kare che ane dehathI AtmAnuM viyojana cetanAne abhAva utpanna kare che. A spaSTapaNe darzAve che ke cetanA AtmA ke jIvanuM Avazyaka lakSaNa che.

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jaina ane vijJAna (6) AtmAnA astitvane na svIkAranAra vyakti sa MpUNarIte antastatvamAna padArthInA kissAmAM niSedhaka nirNaya karI zake nahIM. AkAzakusumanuM astitva paNa saMpUrNa rIte niSedhAtmaka nathI, kAraNa ke AkAza ane kusuma anenu astitva che. AkAza ane kusuma e benu sayAjana anastitvamAna che, padArtho svayaM nahIM. AthI AtmAnA niSedha svayaM AtmAnuM astitva siddha kare che. je AtmA na hAya tA pachI A kAnA niSedha che ? (7) AtmAnA astitva mATe vyutpattimUlaka dalIla paNa karavAmAM Ave che. jIva zabda AtmAnA paryAyavAcI zabda che. A zabda arthamaya (significant) che, kAraNa ke te vyutpattimUlaka che ane zuddha pada (ekAkI samagra-singular whole) che. je pada vyutpattimUlaka ane zuddha hoya che te a maya che. ghaDA vagere tevAM pA che. jIva paNa tevu pada che. tethI tene paNa a che. je pada amaya na hoya tene vyutpatti hotI nathI ane te pada zuddha paNa hotuM nathI. Diltha' ane 'AkAzakusuma' o prakAranA zabdo che. ane nirarthaka che, kAraNake Dintha' zuddha pada che. paraMtu vyutpattimUlaka nathI, jyAre 'AkAzakusuma' vyutpattimUlaka che paraMtu zuddha pada nathI. jIva' pada mATe Ama nathI. tethI te arthamaya che. A artha AtmAnA pratyaya sivAya kaMI nathI. 139 (4) AtmAnI amaratA ane punarjanmane saddAMta (Doctrine of Immortality of Soul and Metempsychosis or Transmi gration or Rebirth) : jaina darzanamAM anya bhAratIya darzanAnI jema ja AtmAnI amaratA ane punarjanmanA siddhAMta karmanA siddhAMtanI pUrvApekSA rAkhe che. karmanA siddhAMta ane punamanA siddhAMta vacce anivAya saMbadha che. AtmAnI amaratAne siddhAMta punarjanmanA siddhAMtanu samarthana kare che. AtmAnuM vartamAna jIvana jIvana-mRtyunI anaMta ghaTamALamAM eka zu khalA che. jIvana-mRtyu AtmA mATe Adi-aMta. nathI. AtmA svataMtra tattva che. te AdhyAtmika ane abhautika tattva che. te sarva parivartanA vacce zAzvata ane nitya che.. AtmA ane vyaktitva (arthAt TevA ane valAnA samUha) eka nathI. vyaktitva nAza pAme che-vyaktigata amaratA azakaya che. vyaktimattA (individuality)ne lApa thatA nathI. vyaktivaiziSTaya ArI rahe che. AtmA janma-maraNanI anaMta ghaTamALamAMthI pasAra thatAM tenAM mukhya vyaktigata lakSaNA jALavI rAkhe che. te tenu

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jenadarzana mULa svarUpa gumAvatA nathI. samayanA amuka gALA mATe eka dehamAM vasavATa karyA bAda, AtmA mRtyu samaye tene tyAga kare che ane tenA saMcita karma anusAra astitvanI cAra gatio (deva-mAnava-tiyaca-nArakI)mAMthI kaI ekamAM praveze che ane pitAne yogya evo anya deha dhAraNa kare che. AtmA satkarma ke duSkarmanA svAbhAvika pariNAme vartamAna jIvanamAM ke te pachInA jIvanamAM mANavA ke bhegavavA mATe baddha che. karmano siddhAMta janmAMtara-punarjanama (AtmAnA eka dehamAMthI anya dehamAM praveza arthAt dehapala)nA siddhAMta dvArA arthapUrNa bane che. prAraMbhika avasthAmAM ja TalAMka bALakanI asAdhAraNa paripakavatA, sAmAnya mAnavIne atyaMta ucca kakSAne mane zArIrika vikAsa jevI keTalIka ghaTanAonI sAmAnya dhAraNuM dvArA zakaya banatI nathI ane A ghaTanAo janmapUrve astitvamAna evA kaMIka (jene ApaNane anubhava nathI) prati laI jAya che. A AtmA che. sthAnAMgasUtramAM sUcavela vibhinna vikalpo spaSTapaNe AtmAnuM amaratva darzAve che. AtmA anya dehamAM praveze che arthAt bIjo avatAra dhAraNa kare che e vibhinna rIte samajAvI zakAya ? 1. vartamAna jIvanamAM karela duSka anya janma(avatAra)nI apekSA rAkhe che-A have pachIne janma ke tyArabAdane janma paNa hoI zake. 2. pUrva ke aMtima janmamAM karela duSka vartamAna jIvana daramyAna phaLadAyI bane. 3. pUrvajanmamAM karela duSkRtye adyApiparyata phaLadAyI na paNa thayA hoya ane zeSa vartamAna jIvanamAM phaLadAyI na paNa bane ane tethI te anya janmanI apekSA rAkhe. arthAt pUrvajanmamAM Acarela duSkRtyenAM pariNAme have pachInA ke tenA paNa pachInA janmamAM paNa bhogavavAM paDe. 4. vartamAna jIvanamAM karela satkAryo-satkarma have pachInA janmamAM ke te pachInA koIka bhAvi janmamAM phaLadAyI bane che. 5. pUrva ke aMtima janmanAM karela satkAryo vartamAna jIvana daramyAna temanAM suphaLa-sArAM pariNAma Ape. 6. pUrva ke aMtima janmanAM karela satkAryo vartamAna jIvanamAM adyApiparyata phaLadAyI na thayAM hoya ke zeSa vartamAna jIvanamAM phaLadAyI na paNa nIvaDe ane A rIte te anya janmanI apekSA rAkhe che.

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jaina ane vijJAna 141. karmaphaLautpAdana punarjanmamAM ubhave che paraMtu A thaze ja evI kaI khAtarI hatI nathI. uparokta che uparAMta bIjI be zakyatAone paNa ullekha jevA maLe cheH (1) vartamAna jIvana daramyAna karela duSka vartamAna jIvanamAM ja temanA phaLa Ape. (2) vartamAna jIvana daramyAna karela satkarmo temanAM suphaLa-sArAM, pariNAme vartamAna jIvanamAM ja Ape. punarjanma viruddha vAMdhAo ane tenA uttaraH (Objections to Rebirth or Reincarnation and Their Answers) : punarjanma viruddha keTalAka vAMdhAo upasthita karavAmAM Ave che je nIce mujaba che: (1) pUrvabhavo-janmo hoya te temanuM smaraNa ApaNane hevuM ghaTe, paratu AvuM kaI smaraNa ApaNane nathI e hakIkata punarjanma ke punarAvatAranA siddhAMtane svIkAratAM ApaNane reke che. karmasiddhAMtanA himAyatIo A saMdarbhamAM sAmAnya rIte darzAve che ke pratyeka jIvanamAM vyakti navuM magaja dharAve che. taduparAMta, keTalIka asAmAnya ghaTanAo pUrvajIvananI keTalIka ghaTanAonA smaraNanI zakyatA darzAve che. vismRta pUrvajIvana. (pUrvabhava)nA AdhAre punarjanmane asvIkAra egya nathI, kAraNa ke ApaNe ApaNuM vartamAna jIvananI keTalIka ghaTanAonuM paNa punarAvAhana (punaHsmaraNa) keTalIkavAra karI zakatA nathI. kreIDanI paribhASAmAM A ghaTanAonI chApa ajJAta manamAM jArI rahe che. (2) ApaNe saMpUrNapaNe ajJAta hoIe evA kAryo mATe zA mATe ApaNe, sahana karavuM joIe ? Ane uttara e che ke tamArA karmo tamane yAda hoya ke na hoya e kaMI bahu mahatvanuM nathI. karmanA siddhAMta mujaba, pratyeka karmanAM phaLa, avazya bhogavavAnA rahe che. kAryo AmA sAthe karma-pudgalasvarUpe saMjita thAya che. AthI karma viyojana (TakArA) mATe kaIka svarUpe tene bhegavaTe anivArya che. (3) vArasAne siddhAMta punarjanmane gerasAbita kare che e paNa AkSepa karavAmAM Ave che.

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142 jainadata sacita A AkSepa mAtApitAnA milana dvArA utpanna thayela zarIra ane zarIranA upayAga karanAra tattva (AtmA) vaccenA bhedanA ajJAnane lIdhe upasthita karavAmAM Ave che. jaina siddhAMta anusAra, AtmAne deha prAMta preranAra karma 'AnupUrvI' tarIke ALakhAya che. AtmA A dehamAM te viziSTa janma mATe tenAM karmAnI kAmagIrI mATe tenA potAnA deha vikAsAve che astitvanI cAra sthitine anurUpa AnupUrvInA paNa cAra prakAro che : daivI, mAnavIya, tiryaka ane nArakIya. alabatta, ApaNA jIvananAM keTalAMka lakSaNA vArasAgata-AnuvaMzika che, paraMtu aMte tA teo paNa ApaNA pUrvajanmanAM karmone lIdhe che. jyAre ApaNA potAnAM karmAM ApaNA mAtApitAnA deha prati ApaNane prere che tyAre ApaNe ApaNA vArasa!gata lakSaGgA vikasAvIe chIe. taduparAMta kahevAtAM vArasAgata lakSaNAnA udbhava ane vikAsa vyaktinA karmanA udya dvArA thAya che. jevu kaMI nathI. te haMmezAM rUpAMtarita svarUpamAM hoya che. pratyeka vyaktimAM, te advitIya che. saMkSepamAM, vaiyaktika lakSaNA-vyaktigata kamta-thI asaramukta evA kAI. vArasA nathI. zuddha vAraso A saMsAra duHkha ane yAtanAthI sabhara che. tA pachI zA mATe ApaNe ahIM parata thaIe chIe ? zu' karmanA siddhAMta pratikUla nathI ? A prazna aprastuta che. sarva kaMI ApaNA gamA-aNugamA para nirbhara nathI, kanA siddhAMta ApaNA manerathAthI svataMtra rIte kArya kare che. karmonA siddhAMtanI zAkhA samAna punarjanmanA siddhAMta vizvamAM dRSTigAcara thatI asamAnatA ane vaividhyanI samasyAne kaIka aze sa tASaprada ukela che. punarjanma ane utkrAMnti : jyAre AtmAnu amaratva ane punarjanma prasthApita thAya che tyAre eka mahattvapUrNa prazna upasthita thAya che. zuM punarjanma hamezAM UrdhvagAmI (upward) utkrAMti sUcave che ke jethI eka vAra mAnava-gatinA tabakko prApta karyA pachI utkrAMtinI zreNImAM tenAthI nimna kakSAnI gati para sarakavAnuM kAI jokhama ja nathI? AnA uttara nakAramAM che. alabatta, evI dalIla karI zakAya ke zarata e che ke duSkRtya AcaranAra vyaktine te mATe du:kha sahana karavAM paDe ane A ja duSkRtya karanAra mATenI yAgya sA che. paraMtu Ama nathI. kaeNsiddhAMta anusAra mAnavakRta kAryo tenI sthiti ane gauravane yogya na hoya, paraMtu mAnavathI nimna kakSAne yAgya hoya teA vyakti mAnavakakSAthI nIce dhakelAI jAya che--avanati pAme ' '

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jena manovirAna che. jenA matAnusAra, egya sajA jIvananI kakSAmAM paNa anurUpa avanatinI apekSA rAkhe che. mRtyu bAda, mAnavavyaktine AtmAnuM tiyaca ke vanaspatinI kakSA paryata adha:patana paNa zakya che. te svargaparyata paNa pahoMcI zake ane tyAM keTalAka samaya rahI paNa zake. A rIte jene mata AtmAnI pIchehaTha paNa svIkAre che. te cetanAnI nimnatarathI uccatara sthiti pratyene AtmAnA vikAsa ane pragatinA siddhAMtane svIkAratA nathI. bhagavatIsUtra AtmAnI cAra gatine khAsa ullekha kare che ane A cAra gatiomAM praveza mATe javAbadAra vibhinna prakAranAM karmone ullekha kare che. nArakI jIvananA baMdhana prati laI jatAM karma aDhaLaka saMpatti -saMgraha, hiMsaka kRtyenuM AcaraNa, paMcendriyane ghAta, mAMsAhAra vagerenuM pariNAma che. tiryaMca prANI, vanaspati vagere)nA jIvana prati laI jatuM karma anyanI tarapIMDI, chaLakapaTanuM AcaraNa, asatya vaktaya vagerenuM pariNAma che. mAnavajIvana prati laI jatu kema vartananI saraLatA, namra cAritrya, mAyALutA, karuNa vagerenuM pariNAma che. devI jIvanano AnaMda prati preratAM karma AtmasaMyama, vratapAlana vagerenuM pariNAma che.' - AtmAnI avanati aMgenA jaina maMtavyanuM hindu maMtavya sAthenuM noMdhapAtra sAmya nIcenA vibhinna upaniSadanA avataraNa dvArA spaSTa rIte dekhAya che. 1. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada: A be mArge na jANanAra jatu, DAMsa, macchara...thAya che (6. 2. 16). 2. chAMdogya upaniSada: ahIM sadAcArI hoya teo sAre janma prApta karaze....ahIM durAcArI hoya teo kharAba janma, kUtarAne janma, mUMDane janma meLavaze.... (5.10.6) 3. kaThopaniSada: keTalIka vyaktio temanA karma ane movalaNa mujaba anya avatAra dhAraNa kare che. anya keTalAka vaLI vRkSonI dazAmAM avanata thAya che. (2. 2. 7). 4. kauziki-brAhmaNa te A pRthvI para kIDA tarIke, khaDamAkaDI, mAchalI, pakSI, siMha, rIMcha, sApa. vAdha ke anya prANa tarIke eka ke anya sthaLe tenA karma anusAra janme che (1. 1. 6) 1 bhagavatIsUtra 8, 9, 41. & Quoted by Dr. Mehta, M, L., in his 'Jaina Psychology' p. 177,

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184 jainadarzana AtmAnI avanatine jaina siddhAMta kartavyane nItizAstranuM adhiSThAna pUruM pADe che. A mahatvapUrNa muddo che. karmano siddhAMta ane tenA peTA niyamasAme punarjanmane siddhAMta, sAmAnya samaja mujaba, vyaktigata javAbadArInA nItizAstranuM adhiSThAna pUruM pADe che. jenA siddhAMtamAM paNa Ane svIkAra che. mAnava javAbadArIyukta vyakita che. te te mAnavakakSAe karela sArA-kharAba kAryo mATe javAbadAra paNa che ane te A mATe mAnavakakSAe A jIvanamAM ke bhAvi jIvanamAM uttara paNa Ape che. te mAnavavyakti tarIke tenI pratiSThAne hAni karatAM kAryo karI zake nahIM ane je te kare che tenAM pariNAmomAMthI TakI zake nahIM. Ama thAya tyAre tenuM patana thAya che ane mAnavathI nimna kakSAmAM dhakelAI jAya che. TUMkamAM, jaina mate, karmavazAta ja jIvo ucca ke nIca gati pAme che. jaina siddhAMta mAnavI ane tenA aMtima svarUpane sAkSAtkAra karavAnA tenA prayAsenI carcA haMmezAM cetanAnI paribhASAmAM kare che. A bIja nedhapAtra muddo che. AdhyAtmika utthAna (utkrAMti) cetanayukta prakriyA che, cetanavihoNI prakriyA nathI. nItizAstramAM mAnavInA A pAsAMnI carcA thAya che ane tethI mAnavajAti mATe cetanA koI viziSTa bAbata na hovAnuM vismaraNa thAya che. alabatta, AtmacetanA mAnavajAti mATe viziSTa-advitIya che. jene paraMparA mAnavInA Atmacetanayukta pAsAM para bhAra mUke che tema chatAM jaina matAnusAra vanaspati kakSAthI mAMDIne prANIkakSA. parvata ke prANIkakSAthI mAMDIne mAnava ke deva kakSA paryata cetanAmAM kyAMya bhaMga nathI. jaina darzana A arthamAM ja jIva-ajIva evA astitvanA be mukhya padArthonI vAta kare che. ahIM mAnava-katavya para bhAra mukAya che, eTaluM ja nahI paraMtu mAnavIne tenA utkrAMtinA tabakkAne egya jIvana vAstavamAM jIvavAnI haMmezAM bhalAmaNa paNa karAya che. teNe sarvaprathama e jovAnuM rahe che ke te nimna kakSAmAM sarI paDayA vinA tenI kakSAnI jALavaNI kare ane tyArabAda te tenI cetanAnI uccatara utkrAMti mATenuM yeya rAkhe. jIvananI viziSTa sthitinA kAraNunA svarUpane lagatuM traNa vepArIonuM eka rasaprada udAharaNa uttarAdhyayana sUtramAM daSTigocara thAya che. traNa vepArIo potAnI mUDI sAthe videzamAM vepAra zarU kare che. AmAMne eka vepArI noMdhapAtra naphelAbha meLave che, bIjo pitAnI mULa mUDI (kazA lAbha-nukasAna vinA) sAthe ghera pAchA phare che ane trIjo tenI mULa mUDInI khoTa karIne vatana parata thAya che. * uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 7. 14-15.

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jena ane virAna 145 A upamA nIce mujaba samajAvI zakAya. ahIM "mUDI", "lAbha" ane "khoTa' zabda anukrame mAnavadeha, devagati ane naraka ane tiryaMca bhavamAM patana mATe prayojAya che. je manuSyatvane prakaTAve che te mULa mUDIne AbAda rAkhe che. (manuSyadeha prApti mULa mUDI ja che.) devagati pAmanAra lAbha meLave che ane naraka ane tiryaMcamAM bhava pAmanAra kharekhara mUDInI kheTa kare che. satkarmathI devagati pAmanAra manuSyabhavathI vizeSa kaMIka hAMsala kare che, jyAre duSkarma AcaranAra adhe gati pAme che. A rIte vyakti karmanuM phaLa acUka bhogave che. prajJajana potAnA manamAM sadAcArI-saNI ane durAcArI-durguNa-nI gatinI tulanA karIne durAcArI-pApI-nI sthitine tyAgIne sadAcArI-sadgaNanI sthiti seve che.mUrtimaMta kare che. jena tatvane punarjanma-siddhAMta mAnavaAtmAnI amaratA ane tenA pariNAmarUpa pragati ane patananI zakayatA darzAve che eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu te cetanA-sAtatya ane mAnava-gatinA javAbadArIyukata svarUpa para paNa bhAra mUke che. A arthamAM punarjanma siddhAMta jaina nItizAstra mATe AdhArazilA banI rahe che. je. 10

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prakaraNa 6 jena nItizAstra (Jaina Ethics) 1. prAstAvika A pahelAM ApaNe nItizAstranI dRSTie, dravyanuM vargIkaraNa arthAt nava to 1 aMge jaI gayA chIe. A prakaraNamAM have ApaNe (1) pAMca naitika siddhAMto (2) karmano siddhAMta ane (3) guNa zreNI ke guNasthAnane siddhAMta e traNa viSaya aMge jaIzuM. 2. jana dazananuM virakta-tyAgI valaNa (Ascetic Attitude of Jainism) jaina darzana tyAgane paMtha svIkAre che ane utkarSanA vaidika paMtha(jemAM cAra Azrama-puruSArthe samAviSTa che ane sakriya sAmAjika-sAMsArika jIvanane icchanIya mAnela che tene virodha kare che. vedika tattvajJAna tyAga ane vairAgyayukta jIvana pratye kramika kUcamAM mAne che. paraMtu jenA darzana mujaba, jyAre vyakti ekavAra sAMsArika jIvananA cakkaramAM phasAya che tyAre tene mATe viSayayukta padArtho ane viSaya vAsanAone parityAga muzkela banI rahe che. IchI haMmezAM atRpta rahe che ane kadI saMpUrNa rIte paritRpta thatI nathI. uttarAdhyayana sUtra darzAve che, "ane je koI vyakti eka vyaktine sArI ya pRthvI Ape te paNa te tene mATe paryApta nahIM thAya. jema tamane vadhu maLe tema tame vadhu meLavavA Icche che. tamArI icchAo tamArA sAdhanonI sAthe vRddhi pAme che. tamArI IcchAonI paripUrti arthe be paisA pUratA hoya to paNa tame 100 lAkha paNa bhAgye ja paryApta mAne che."2 bIje aMtarAya e che ke vairAgyamaya-tyAgamaya jIvananI kramika AgekUca so varSanA jIvananI pUrvApekSA rAkhe che. jIvana atyaMta anizcita che, derAnI jema te koIpaNa kSaNe tUTI paDe ane AdhyAtmika utkarSa mATenI ekavAra 1 jue prakaraNa 2, pR. 68-78. 2 s. B. E., XLV, Uttaradhyayana sutra, IX, 16-17, p. 34

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jaina nItizAstra tarka gumAvyA bAda, mAnava tarIke punaHjanma levA yuge sudhI rAha jovI paDe, mahAvIra kahe che, vRkSa parathI jevI rIte pILuM pAna, tenA divasA purA thatAM kharI paDe che tevI rIte mAnavInuM jIvana paNa samApta thAya che.... kuzadhAsanAM pAMdaDAMnI TAca para jhulatuM jhAkaLabiMdu alpakAlIna rahe che tema mAnavInuM jIvana paNa......'. jIvananI anizcitatA ane mRtyunI anivAryatAne lIdhe ciMtA ane tattvajJA sakriya sa MsArI jIvananA tyAganI himAyata prati DhaLe che. zrI mahAvIra sakriya ane kaDaka saMyama dvArA karma-pudgalanA kSaya ane sarva karmonI aTakAyata upadeze che ane A dvArA nija rAnI sthiti, ahIM jIvanamukti ane tyArabAda nirvANu prApta thAya che. prabaLa vyAdhi mATe prabaLa upacArA jarUrI che. ya!tanAe, I, bhaya, duSkALa, mRtyu ane vinAza akathita duHkhA utpanna kare che.ane A nirvANu, dehapalaTA ane punarjanmamathI muktinI prApti dvArA aTakAvI zakAya che. zrI mahAvIra AvI prabaLa lAgaNIthI prerAIne mumukSu mATe tvarita parityAga ane atyaMta uma-kaDhAra tyAgI jIvananI himAyata kare che. jaina darzana meAkSane jIvananuM aMtima lakSya mAne che ane pariNAme ahIM kaDaka nItiniyama ane naitika zistanI apekSA rakhAya che. jaina darzanamAM vartana ane vicAra banene samAna sthAna che. baMnene sa Mtulita vikAsa vyaktitvane zuddha vikAsa kare che. A prakAranA vikAsa jJAna ane kriyAna sa Myukta vikAsa che ane te du:khamukti mATe anivArya che. jJAnavihANa vana netravihIna vyaktinI gati samAna che, jyAre vanaviNuM jJAna laMgaDI vyaktinI sthiti samAna che. jevI rIte nizcita sthAna para pahoMcavA mATe netra ane paga ane Avazyaka che. tevI rIte AdhyAtmika siddhi arthe doSamukta jJa!na ane cAritrya baMne anivAya che. AcAra ane vicAra ane anyonyAzrita che ane Ane khyAlamAM rAkhIne bhAratIya ciMtA dharma ane darzanane sAthe sAthe pratipAti kare che. tee tattvajJAna sAthe ja nItizAstranu paNa nirUpaNa kare che. ahiMsAmUlaka vana ane anekAMtamUlaka vicAranuM pratipAdana jaina paraparAnI viziSTatA che. 147 3. jaina nItizAsamAM tyAga ke saMnyAJa (Asceticism or Renunciation in Jaina Ethics) jaina nItizAstranuM viziSTa lakSagu tenuM atyaMta ugra svarUpa che, kAraNa ke tenu lakSya meAkSa che. meAkSa eTale anaMta jJAna-dana-cAritrya-vArya Ava * Ibid, X, 1-2, p. 41-42.

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148 je darzana advitIya sthitinI prApti saMpUrNa svArtha-nivAraNa vinA siddha karI zakAya nahIM. jaina daSTibiMdu mujaba mAtra tyAgI jana ja AcAraniyamanuM custapaNe pAlana. karI zake, kAraNa ke teNe sarve saMsArabaMdhanano tyAga karyo che. lagabhaga sarva bhAratIya darzane vAstavamAM parama sthitinI prApti arthenA sAdhana tarIke tyAgane siddhAMta svIkAre che. sarve sAMsArika padArthomAMnI virakita sAmAnya rIte AtmA -sAkSAtkAra arthe Avazyaka mAnavAmAM Ave che. tyAga mATenI AvI jhaMkhanA, AvI utkaMThA ane ta banavAnI tIvra IcchA dvArA prerAya che. A virakata tyAgamaya (ascetic) valaNa AtmAne vizALa banAve che, svAthI saMkucita IcchAomAMthI vyakitane mukta banAve che ane tene mAnavatA mATe prema ane anukaMpAyukta jIvana jIvavA prere che. - virakita-tyAga eTale sevA ane Atma-samarpaNa. nirbaLa vyakti sevA, ane svArpaNa svIkArI zake nahIM, mAtra zUravIra ane hiMmatavAna AtmA ja AvA paMthane anusarI zake. saMsArIjanene parityAganuM jIvana apUNa lAge, paraMtu A kahevAtuM apUrNa jIvana vAstavamAM pUrNatAnuM jIvana che. satya ane sAlasatAnuM jIvana zreSTha jIvana che. cInI philasUpha lAo-tye AvA jIvanane aMgIkAra kare che. tenA mate, saraLa jIvana nirADaMbarI-nikhAlasa jIvana che jemAM lobhane tilAMjali apAya che, hoziyArI-cAlAkI tyajAya che, svArtha ghaTADIne alpatama karAya che ane IcchAone parAjita karAya che. tyAgIjananA jIvananuM lakSya mAnavatA-utkarSa ane teNe svIkArela Adarza pUrNa jIvananI prAptine Adeza che.. AvuM lakSya vidhAyaka astitva che, vinAza nahIM. alabatta, tyAgIjana jIvananI kahevAtI sukhasagavaDane dhikkAre che, te paNa tene hetu sukha che. te tenI AsapAsanI sarve vastuo pratye dhRNu ke udAsInatA anubhave che, te paNa te aMtima tattvanA sAkSAtkAra mATe atyaMta ciMtIta che. jaina nItizAstra saMnyAsanuM, tyAganuM nItizAstra che ane jena nItizAstra mokSane ja jIvananA ekamAtra puruSArtha lakSya tarIke mAne che. mekSa : jaina maMtavya mujaba, mokSa mAnavone temanI icchAonA tyAgane Adeza ApatA amUrta Adarza nathI temaja pAzcAtya sukhavAdanI jema ahIM IcchIonA niraMkuza satenI paNa himAyata nathI. mekSa anaMta jJAna-darzana -cAritrya-vIrya lAve che ane pariNAme te sarva IcchAone ApameLe saMtoSa ane pUrNatA prere che. A zAzvata ane sArvatrika Atma-sAkSAtkAra kATavAdI nItizAstranA bauddhika svarUpa ane sukhavAde kapela sukhanI bhotika sAmagrI baMnene

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jaina nI tizAstra 149 sthAna Ape che. mokSa zaMkAtItapaNe bauddhika ane pratyayAtmaka khyAla che ane sAmAnya daSTibiMduthI tene bhautikavAdI kahI zakAya. sAthe sAthe ja mokSanI pratIti arthAt AtmasAkSAtkAra AtmAne paramAtmA sAthe ekarUpa kare che ane A paramAtma-sAkSAtkAra buddhi ane sukhane samanvaya kare che. kharA-khATAnA, iSTa -aniSTanA, buddhi ane sukhanA, vaiyaktika-sAmAjika kalyANanA dronuM nirasana mokSanA naitika tAvika khyAlanA svIkAra dvArA karI zakAya. A rIte jene mekSane ekamAtra Adarza tarIke svIkAre che. 4. zramaNAcAra athavA paMcamahAvrata (Ascetic Ethics or Five Great Ethical Principles) - bhagavAna mahAvIre tenA anuyAyIo mATe paMcavrato upadezyA che: 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. asteya, 4. brahmacarya, ane 5. aparigraha. zramaNanAM vrata mahAvrata kahevAya che, jyAre zrAvakanA vrata aNuvrata kahevAya che. zramaNae A vratanuM custa pAlana karavAnuM rahe che, jyAre zrAvakee A vratanuM pAlana eTaluM custapaNe karavAnuM hetuM nathI. sAdhu, zramaNa, bhikSu, muni, nigraMtha, anagAra, sayata, virata vagere zabda samAnAthI che; jyAre zrAvaka, zrAddha, gRhastha, upAsaka, dezavirata, sIgAra, aNuvratI, dezasayata vagere zabdo samAnAthI che. kAranora rAvarahita krAthaffja ti sAdhu: arthAta svahita ane parahitanAM kAryo je kare te sAdhu che. "zrAvaka' zabda zravaNa arthavALA "" dhAtu parathI udbhavela che ane tene artha "AtmakalyANa mArganuM rasapUrvaka zravaNa kare te" evo thAya che. zramaNa-sAdhujana hiMsA vagerene saMpUrNatara tyAga kare che. tethI temanA vrata mahAvrata kahevAya che. sAdhuonA sarvavirati arthAt sarvatyAga rUpa mahAvrata pAMca cheH 1. sarvaprANutipAta-viramaNa vrata-ahiMsA vrata 2. sarvamRSAvAda-viramaNa vrata-nsatya vrata, 3. sarvaadattAdAna-viramaNa vrata-asteya vrata, 4. sarvamaithuna-viramaNa vrata-brahmacarya vrata, 5. sarvaparigraha-viramaNa vrata -aparigraha vrata. A pAMca mahAvratonuM pAlana e sAdhu jIvananI sAdhanA che. gRhastha A vratonuM pAlana maryAditapaNe karavAnuM hovAthI gRhasthanAM A vrata aNuvrata kahevAya che ane A maryAdA sUcavavA "sarva'ne badale "sthaLa" zabda temanI sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che. ahiMsA sarva vratamAM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa che. ahiMsA jena nItizAstranuM hAI che. ahiMsAnuM jeTaluM sUkSma vivecana ane AcaraNa na paraMparAmAM jovA maLe che teTaluM bhAgye ja anyatra jovA maLe che. AgaLa darzAvyuM che tema jaina darzana

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150 jainada cetanAnA sAtatyamAM mAne che ane darzAve che ke mAnavIne kAIpaNa jIva (ekendriya jIva)nI (AdhyAtmika) pragatimAM aMtarAya nAkhavAnA adhikAra nathI. pratyeka AtmAM tAttvika dRSTie samAna che. prANImAtra sukha-du:kha anubhave che. vyaktimAtrane jIvana-mRtyunI pratIti thAya che. jIvamAtra jIvavA cAhe che. vAstavamAM koI vyakti mRtyu icchatI nathI. jIvamAtrane jIvana, sukha, anukULatA, mRdutA, svAtaMtrya, lAbha priya hoya che, jyAre mRtyu, du:kha, pratikULatA, kaThAratA, parata MtratA, hAni, apriya hoya che; AthI jaina mate mana-vacana-kAyA dvArA kAIne saMtApa na ApavA e ja sAcI ahiMsA che. ahiMsAne kendramAM rAkhIne satya, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigrahanA vikAsa thayo che. AmAM vyakti ane samAja baMnenuM hita samAyelu che vaiyaktika utthAna ane sAmAjika pragati mATe asatyanA tyAga, anadhikRta vastunu agraha tathA sa MyamanuM paripAlana Avazyaka che. AnA abhAvamAM ahiMsAnA vikAsa zakaya nathI. A badhAnI sAthe aparigrahaNa paNa atyAvazyaka che. parigraha AtmavikAsanA dhAra zatru che. parigraha Atmapatana nAtare che. parigraha eTale ja pApane saMgraha. parigrahavRddhi Asakti-vRddhi kare che. jeTalI Asakti vadhe che teTalI hiMsA paNa vadhe che, hiMsA mAnavasamAjamAM viSamatA utpanna kare che. AnAthI Atmapatana paNa thAya che. aparigraha vRtti ahiMsAmUlaka AcAranA samyak pAlana mATe anivAryuM che. hiMsA-abhAva, hiMsA-tyAga, prANAtipAta viramaNa vrataneA niSedhAtmaka bhAga che ane rakSaNa, anuka MpA, pApakAra vagere tenuM vidheyAtmaka rUpa che. have ApaNe sAdhuonA mahAvatA ekapachI eka vigatavAra joIe: (1) sava prANAtipAta viramaNa ke ahiMsA mahAvrata prANa+atipAta+viramaNa eTale (prANIenA) prANa levAthI dUra rahevu arthAt hiMsAnA tyAga karavA. mana-vacana-kAyA dvArA kAIpaNa jIva (sthULa-sUkSma, cara-acara)ne hi MsA ke hAni karavI-karAvavI-anumAvI nahIM evuM ahIM kahevAmAM AvyuM che. A rIte hi MsAnA artha mAtra zArIrika IjA thatA nathI, para Mtu temAM mAnasika ane vAcika IjAnA paNa samAveza thAya che. jyAre jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIe ahiMsAvrata le che tyAre teo tene saMpUrNa rIte anusaravA ane kAIpaNa jIvane manasA vAcA-kaNA IjA pahoMcADavAthI dUra rahevA prayAsa kare che. teo jIvakAyanI hiMsAnA sa MpUrNa tyAga kare che. traNa gupti : ahiMsA mATe traNa siddhAMtA Avazyaka che. A traNa siddhAMtA traNa guptie kahevAya che je nIce mujaba cheH

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jena nItizAstra 151 1. maneguti eTale duSTa vicAre (hiMsA, kapaTa vagere)thI manane rokavuM. 2. vacanaguti eTale vANImAM saMyama rAkha. 3. kAyagupti eTale kAyA para niyaMtraNa karavuM. anya mahAvrato paNa A traNa guptionA saMdarbhamAM svIkAravAnA che. sarva mahAvratAne pAye ahiMsAnuM mahAvrata che e ApaNe yAda rAkhavuM joIe. A guptio sAdhu jIvananuM pradhAnalakSaNa che. sAdhu dharma vizvabaMdhutvanuM vrata che. pAMca samitie sAdhujanenuM AcaraNa saMpUrNa rIte ahiMsaka hevuM ghaTe. prANAtipAta viramaNanI surakSA mATe nIcenI pAMca samitio che." 1. samiti : IryAsamiti eTale gamanAgamana saMbaMdhI sAvadhAnI arthAta jIva jatune hAni-IjA na thAya e rIte mArgamAM cAlatI veLAe sAvadhAnIpUrvaka joIne cAlavuM. 2. bhASAsamitiH bhASAsamiti eTale vAcika IjA nivAravA vANI para saMyama arthAta barAbara vicArIne satya, nirdoSa ane upayogI vacana bolavuM. 3. eSaNa samitiH eSaNa samiti eTale munimahArAjee gocarI (bhikSA) grahaNa karatI veLAe kherAka-pANI-vastra khAsa potAnA mATe na banAvyA hovAnI kALajIpUrvaka tapAsa. temaNe nirdoSa ane parimita bhikSA tathA a9pa vastrAdi upakaraNa levAM joIe. 4. AdAna-nikSepaNa samitiH AdAna eTale levuM ane nikSepaNu eTale mUkavuM. AdAna-nikSepaNu eTale saMyamI jIvanane upayogI sAdhana (vastra, pAtra vagere) sUkSma jIvone hAni na thAya tevI sAvacetIpUrvaka levA-mUkavAM. 5. utsaga ke pariThApanA samitiH utsarga eTale anAvazyaka cIjavastuone kALajIpUrvaka tyAga. pariSThApanA eTale nAkhavuM. maLa, mUtra, lema ke evI kaI paNa tyAjya vastu koIne duHkharUpa na thAya tevuM sthAna joI upagapUrvaka nAkhavI. uparokta pAMca samitio sAdhujanane ahiMsAmArgane anusaravAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya che ane darzAve che ke sAdhujIvana sarve saMjoge heThaLa dRSTAMtarUpa banI rahevuM joIe. sAdhunA AcAra-vicAranI ugratA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa che, kAraNa ke tene hetu rAga-dveSa baMne TALavAne che. sAdhujana rAga-dveSathI AgaLa vadhIne ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa kare tyAre te mokSa prApta karI zake che. * saMtabAlajI (anu.), uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 24, pR. 217-218.

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15ra jainadarzana (2) samRSAvAdaviramaNa ke satya mahAvrata: sarvavirata (sarva tyAga) zramaNa mRSAvAdane paNa sarvathA tyAga kare che. asatya hiMsA vagere doSonuM janaka che ema samajIne teo kadIpaNuM asatya vacanane prayoga karatA nathI. teo haMmezAM nirdoSa, mRdu, spaSTa vANIne upayoga kare che. mana-vacana-kAyA dvArA krodha, lobha, bhaya ke mazkarImAM paNa temaNe asatya bolavuM, belAvavuM, anumedavuM na joIe. satya bolavuM Avazyaka che, kAraNa ke asatya kahevAthI anyane mAnasika AghAta-IjA pahoMce che. satya prati durlakSa karIne ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa azakya che. asatya vANI dvArA vAcika hiMsAnuM AcaraNa thAya che ane AthI anyanI lAgaNI dubhAya che. saMkSepamAM, sAdhujane krodha va. kaSAyone tyAga karIne samabhAva dhAraNa karIne vicAra ane vivekapUrvaka saMyamita satya bhASAne prayoga karavo ghaTe, sadaSa, kaThora jIvane kaSTadAyaka bhASA vadhI dhaTe. satyavratanI pAMca bhAvanAo * nIce mujaba che : 1. vANIviveka eTale ke samajIne-vicArIne bhASA prayajavI. 2. phodhatyAga arthAta gusso na karavo. 3. labhatyAga arthAt lAlacamAM na phasAvuM. 4. bhatyAga arthAta nirbhaya-nirbhika banavuM. 5. hAsyatyAga arthAta majAka mazkarI na karavA. A ane AvA prakAranI anya bhAvanAo satyavratanuM rakSaNa kare che. (3) savaadattAdAna viramaNa ke asteya mahAvata : adattAdAna viramaNa eTale na ApelI vastu (adatta) grahaNa (AdAna) na karavI. A vratayukta zramaNa koIpaNa nahi Apela vastune grahaNa karatA nathI. teo anumati vinA eka tRNane uThAvavAne paNa sneya arthAt cerI samaje che. keIpaNa paDI gayela, bhUlAI gayela, rAkhavAmAM Avela ke ajJAta mAlikanI vastune sparza paNa temane mATe niSiddha che. jarUriyAta hoya tyAre teo mAlikanI anumatithI athavA te egya vyakti dvArA apAyela vastune grahaNa kare che ke tene upayoga kare che. jevI rIte teo pote adattAdAnanuM sevana karatA nathI tevI ja rIte teo anya dvArA A karAvatA paNa nathI ane karanAra-karAvanAranuM samarthana paNa karatA nathI. * AcArAMga, 2-3.

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jena nItizAstra 153 A vrata mana-vacana-kAyA dvArA koIpaNa vyaktinI mAlamilakatanI corI karavA -karAvavA-anumodavA para pratibaMdha pharamAve che, kAraNa ke Ama karatA anya vyaktine mAnasika IjA pahoMcatAM hiMsA pariName che asteya vrata A rIte ahiMsA para AdhArita che. asteya vratanA rakSaNa ane daDhatA mATe pAMca bhAvanAo nIce mujaba cheH 1. joI vicArIne vastunI yAcanA karavI. 2. AcArya vagerenI anumati laIne bhejana karavuM. 3. padArtha maryAdita pramANamAM svIkAravAM. 4. pharI pharIne padArthone maryAdita karavA. 5. sAdharmika (sAthI zramaNa) pAsethI maryAdita pramANamAM vastuonI yAcanA karavI. (4) samaithuna viramaNa ke brahmacarya mahAvata : zramaNa mATe maithunane saMpUrNa tyAga anivArya che. temane mATe mana-vacana -kAyA dvArA maithuna sevana karavA karAvavA-anumodavA para niSedha che. maithuna adharmanuM mULa tathA mahAdenuM sthAna kahevAya che. A dvArA aneka prakAranA pApa utpanna thAya che. hiMsA vagere deze ane kalaha-saMgharSavigraha uddabhave che. A sarva samajIne nirmadha muni maithunane sarvathA tyAga kare che. jevI rIte maraghInA baccAne bilADIne haMmezA Dara lAge che tevI rIte saMyamI zramaNane strInA zarIrane ane saMta zramaNIne puruSanI kAyAne sadA bhaya rahe che. teo strI-puruSanA rUpa, raMga, citra vagere jovA tathA gIta vagere sAMbhaLavAne paNa pApa mAne che. je kadAcita e tarapha dRSTi jAya te teo tarata ja sAvadhAna thaIne pitAnI dRSTine pAchI kheMcI le che teo bALaka, yuvAna ane vRddha sarva prakAranA nara-nArIothI dUra rahe che. eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu teo keIpaNa prakAranA kAmottejaka ke IndriyAkarSaka padArtha sAthe temane saMbaMdha joDatA nathI. 1 AcArAMga, 2-3. - 2 dazavaikAlika, 6. 16. 3 e ja, 8, 54-55.

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154 jainana brahmacarya vrata pAlana mATenI pAMca bhAvanAe+ nIce mujab darzAvavAmAM Avela che 1. strI-kathA na karavI. 2. strInA a MgAnuM avaleAkana na karavuM. 3. bhUtakAlIna kAma-krIDA vagerenuM smaraNa na karavu. 4. pramANanu atikramaNa karI bhojana na karavu. 5. strI vagere sAthe badha sthAnamAM na rahevu. jevI rIte zramaNa mATe strI-kathA vagere para pratibadha che tevI rIte zramaNI (sAdhvI) mATe puruSa-kathA vagere para pratibaMdha che. A ane AvA prakAranI anya bhAvanAo samaithunaviramaNavratanI saphaLatA mATe anivArya che. (5) pazrciC/viramaNa ke aparigraha mahAvrata : savirata zramaNa mATe saparigraha viramaNu paNa anivArya che. koIpaNa vastunA mamatvapUrvakanA sa Mgrahane parigraha kahevAya che. zramaNu svayaM A prakAranA sa Mgraha kare-karAve-anumeAde nahIM, te sa MpUrNa rIte anAsakta ane a icana hoya che eTaluM ja nahIM parantu teo potAnA zarIra para paNa mamatva rAkhatA nathI. sa yamanirvAha mATe teo je thADA upakaraNa potAnI pAse rAkhe che tenA para temanuM mamatva hotuM nathIra A khAvAI jatA ke nAza pAmatA temane tenA zeka thatA nathI ane prApta thatA tenA ha thatA nathI. te temane mAtra saMyama yAtrAnA sAdhanarUpe ja kAma Ave che. jevI rIte tee potAnA zarIranu anAsakta bhAve pAlanapoSaNa kare che tevI rIte peAtAnA sAdhanAnuM paNa nirmama bhAve rakSaNa kare che. mamatva 3 Asakti AMrika graMthi che. je sAdhaka A graMthinA nAza kare che te nimra tha kahevAya che. savirata zramaNa A prakAranA ni tha hoya che. aparigraha vratanI pAMca bhAvanAe nIce mujaba che. 3 1. zrotrendriyanA viSaya zabda prati rAga-dveSarahitanA arthAt anAsakata bhAva, 1 AcArAMga, 2. 3. 2 dazavaikAlika, 6. 20. 3 AcArAMga, 2, 3.

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jaina nItizAstra 155 2. cakSurindriyanA viSaya rUpa prati anAsakta bhAva. 3. dhrANendriyanA viSaya gaMdha prati anAsakta bhAva. 4. rasendriyanA viSaya rasa prati anAsakta bhAva. 5. sparzendriyanA viSaya sparza prati anAsakta bhAva. sAdhujananuM AcaraNa saMpUrNa rIte ahiMsaka hovuM ghaTe. sarva zramaNe upakta. pAMca mahAvato, traNa guptio ane pAMca samitionuM pAlana kare che. guptimAM asajyiAre niSedha mukhya che, jyAre samitimAM sankriyAnuM pravartana mukhya che.. pAMca samiti ane traNa gupti maLIne ATha cAritryAcAra pravacanamAtA' kahevAya che, kAraNa ke A AthI saMvaradharmarUpI putra utpanna thAya che ane tenuM pAlanapoSaNa thAya che. jema mAtA putra para vAtsalya dharAve che, te tenI kalyANakAriNI che tema A ATha vastuo sAdhujIvananI kalyANakAriNI hovAthI zramaNanI mAtAo kahevAya che. pAMca mahAvrato para cAritryano AdhAra che tethI te "mULa guNa kahevAya che; jyAre pAMca samiti ane traNa gupti "uttara guNa kahevAya che. 5. zrAvakAcAra athavA pAMca aNuvate (Ethics for Householders) jaina zAstromAM gRhasthadharma zrAvakadharma paNa kahevAya che. gRhasthadharmane pALanAra puruSa ane strI anukrame zrAvaka ane zrAvikA tarIke oLakhAya che. "zra' (zravaNa karavuM) dhAtu parathI "zrAvaka" zabda udbhavyo che. AtmakalyANamArganuM rasapUrvaka zravaNa karanAra zrAvaka-zrAvikA kahevAya che. jaina darzanamAM mumukSu mATe gRhasthAzrama ane vAnaprasthAzramanA tabakkAomAMthI pasAra thavuM Avazyaka nathI, paraMtu mokSaprApti arthe saMnyasta jIvananA sIdhA svIkAranI ahIM himAyata thAya che. Ama chatAM jaina darzana mAne che ke gRhastha tyAgamaya jIvana vItAvI zake che ane potAnI jAtane saMnyAsa-vairAgya mATe pAMca mahAvratane AMzika rIte anusarIne taiyArI karI zake che. sarva jaina paMthe -saMpradAyo svIkAre che ke tyAgamaya jIvananA AcaraNa mATe zrAvakee aNuvratAnuM pAlana karavuM joIe. aNuvate zrAvakanA mULaguNa kahevAya che. aNuvratanuM AcaraNa vAstavamAM zrAvake mATe saMnyAsI jIvana mATenI tAlIma che. aNuvrata eTale mahAvratane sUkSmatama aMza. bIjA zabdomAM, aNuvrata mahAvrata para AdhArita saraLa siddhAMta che. vratanI maryAditatA sUcavavA mATe temanI sAthe "skUla" zabdane prayoga karavAmAM Ave che. zrAvake mATenA A pAMca aNuvrata nIce mujaba che : .

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153 1. sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa * ahiMsA vrata 2. sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNu ke satya vrata 3. sthUla adattAdAviramaNu ke asteya vrata 4. sthUla maithunaviramaNa (svadAra-sa tASa) ke brahmacarya vrata 5. sthUla parigraha (ke icchA) virama aparigraha vrata 1. skUla prANAtipAta varamaNa ke ahiMsA vata: mahAvratI muni prANAtipAta arthAt hiMsAnA pUrNa tyAgI hoya che (pramAdajanma ke kaSAyajanya hi MsAnA sarvathA tyAga kare che), jyAre aNuvratI zrAvaka kevaLa sthUla hiMsAno tyAga kare che, kAraNa ke gRhastha hovAne lIdhe tene aneka prakAranI sUkSma hiMsA te karavI paDe che. sthAvara jIvA (pRthvIkAya, jaLakAya, tejakAya, vAyukAya ane vanaspati kAya e endriya jIvA) svAbhAvika bhega upabhAgarUpa che ane jIvanacaryAmAM temanA satata upayoga apekSita che ane tethI gRhasthanA ahiMsAtratamAM temanI hiMsAne tyAga zaka nathI. zrAvaka kevaLa trasa (hrIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya ane paMcendriya) prANIenI hiMsAnA tyAga kareche. te niraparAdhI sthaLa (trasa) jIvAne mana-vacana-kAyAthI irAdApUrvaka (jANIbUjhIne) na tA svayaM mAre che ke na tA anya dvArA marAve che. zrAvaka sthULa hiMsAnI saMbhAvanA na hoya tevI hara kAI pravRtti svaya karI zake che athavA te te AvI pravRtti anya dvArA paNa karAvI zake che. A rIte jotAM, zrAvakanI ahiMsA-sAdhanA AMzika che. tenu ahiMsAvratapAlana AMzika svarUpamAM che. te hiMsAnA aMzataH tyAga kare che. saMkalpI, AraMbhI, udyogI, virAdhI evA sthULa hiMsAnA cAra prakAza pADavAmAM Ave che: jainadarzana (1) kAI niraparAdha prANInI irAdApUrvaka-jANIbUjhIne hiMsA karavI e "sapI hisA' che. saMkalpI hiMsAmAM jIvavadhanuM prAdhAnya che. (2) ghara, dukAna, khetara vagerenA AraMbha-samAraMbhamAM, raseAI banAvavI vagere pravRtiAmAM yogya sAvadhAnI rAkhavA chatAM trasa vAnI hiM...sA thAya che. te "AralI hiMsA' che. AraMbhI hiMsAmAM kAryoM (gRhanirmANu karavu, rasAI banAvavI khetIvADI karavI va.)nuM prAdhAnya rahe che. ane A kAryo karavAmAM jIvahiMsA thAya che kharI, paraMtu ahIM jIvahiMsA irAdApUrvaka karavAmAM AvatI nathI paNa kAryanA anusa MdhAnamAM jIvahiMsA thavA pAme che ane te kSatavya che.

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15 jaina nItizAstra (3) dravya pArjana kAryamAM thatI hiMsA "ughogI hiMsA' che. (4) duSTanarAdhamanA humalAthI vikaTa paristhitimAM sva-para rakSaNArthe virodhIne vadha karavo paDe che te virodhI hiMsA" che. A cAra prakAramAMthI saMka9pI hiMsA varjanIya che. AraMbhI ane udyogI hiMsA gRhasthane svabhAvika rIte ja vaLagelI che ane keTalIka vAra "virodhI hiMsAne gRhasthane Azraya levo paDe che. A chellA prakAramAM virodhIne irAdA pUrvaka vadha hovA chatAM te nyAyI hetusara hovAthI gRhasthanA ahiMsAvratamAM tene tyAga karavAmAM Avyo nathI. irAde na hovA chatAM-ajANapaNe-sAvadhAnI na rAkhavAne lIdhe hiMsA thAya. te te prAmAdika hiMsA thAya che ane te vajanIya che. yogya sAvadhAnI (yanAcAra) rAkhI pravRtti karanAra ahiMsaka buddhiyukta mANasa tenI pravRttimAM hiMsA thavA chatAM te hiMsAnA deSathI mukta rahe che. gRhastha ahiMsAnA mahAvratane aMzataH svIkArIne nIcenAM cha vratane svIkAre che : 1. svecchApUrvaka trasa jIvanI hiMsA karavI nahIM. 2. ApaghAta karavo nahIM. 3. garbhapAta karavo nahIM. 4. hiMsA ke nAzanA yayukta saMgaThana ke pakSamAM joDAvuM nahIM ke AvI. pravRttiomAM bhAga le nahIM. 5. keIpaNa vyaktine aspRzya gaNavI nahIM 6. koIpaNa jIva prati ghAtakI-kura banavuM nahIM. 2. sthaLa mRSAvAdaviramaNa ke satya vrata zrAvaka mATe dhULa mRSAvAda arthAt asatya(jUTha)thI bacavuM paNa Avazyaka che. asatya vacana na bolavuM e A vratane niSedhAtmaka pakSa che, jyAre satya vacana bolavuM e tenuM vidheyAtmaka rUpa che. AnAthI vyaktine satyaniSTha thavAnuM zikSaNa. maLe che, tenA jIvanamAM saccAI ane prAmANikatAne vikAsa thAya che. ahiMsAnI ArAdhanA mATe satyanI ArAdhanA anivArya che. juThI vyakti sAcA arthamAM

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158 jenadana ahiMsaka hoI zake nahIM. sAce ahiMsAvAdI kadI paNa asatyanuM AcaraNa karI zakatuM nathI. satya ane ahiMsA vacce atyaMta gADha saMbaMdha che ane tethI -ekanA abhAvamAM anyanI ArAdhanA zakya nathI. baMne paraspara pUraka ane anyAzrita che. gRhastha mATe sAmAnya rIte mRSAvAda(asatya)ne sarvathA sUkama tyAga -zakaca nathI. paraMtu te sthUla mRSAvAdane tyAga avazya karI zake che. jenAthI vyaktinI sAmAjika pratiSThA, prAmANikatA ane vizvasanIyatA para viparIta asara thAya ane sajAne bhega banavuM paDe tene sthULa asatya kahI zakAya. A prakAranA asatyathI mAnavInuM patana thAya che. aneka kAraNasara mAnavI sthUla asatya bole che. potAnA putra-putrInA vivAha nimitte sAmA pakSavALA samakSa khATI prazaMsA karavI-karAvavI, gAya-bheMsa-ghoDA-baLada vagere pazuo ane pakSIonI le-veca vakhate mithyA prazaMsAne Azraya levo, ghara-makAna khetara-vRkSa-bAga vagere bhUminA saMbaMdhamAM asatya bolavuM -bolAvavuM, anya vastuonA saMbaMdhamAM asatyane Azare levo, nekarI va. mATe asatyane Azraya levo, kedanI thApaNu vagere pacAvI pADI vizvAsaghAta karavA, khATI sAkSI ApavI-apAvavI. lAMca levI-ApavI, satyane asatya ke asatyane satya siddha karavA prayAsa karavo va. sthULa asatyanA udAharaNa che. zrAvaka A prakAranA asatya bolavA-bolAvavAne (be karaNa) mana-vacana-kAyA (traNa yoga) dvArA tyAga kare che. gRhastha satyanA mahAvratamAMthI niSpanna thatA nIcenA vratanuM pAlana karavAnuM che. 1. vastuonA kharIda-vecANa veLAe kheTA tolamApane upayoga kare nahIM. 2. irAdApUrvaka peTA nirNa levA nahIM. 3. koI vyakti viruddha beTa dA karavo nahIM ke khoTI sAkSI ApavI nahIM. 4. keIpaNa vyaktinI thApaNa parata karavA InkAra kara nahi. 5. koIpaNa prakAranI banAvaTa-chetarapIMDI karavI nahI. zrAvake haMmezAM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka satyanI ArAdhanA karavI joIe. 3. sthULa adattAdAna-viramaNa ke asteya vata : ahiMsA ane satyanA samyapha pAlana mATe, adattAdAna-viramaNa arthAt acorya Avazyaka che. zrAvaka mATe sUkSma adattAdAnane tyAga Avazyaka nathI,

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jaina nItizAsa 159 paraMtu teNe sthULa adattAdAnanA tyAga tA karavA ja paDe che. adattAdAnanA artha che Apela na hoya te vastu (adatta)nuM grahaNu (AdAna). Ane sAmAnya bhASAmAM cArI kahe che. zrAvaka mATe AvI cerInA tyAga anivAya che kAraNa ke cArI karavAthI gunhAnI zikSA bhAgavavI paDe che, samAjamAM avizvAsa utpanna thAya che, pramANikatA nAza pAme che, pratiSThAne jhAMkhapa lAge che. A prakAranI cArInA tyAga ja jaina AcArazAstramAM sthULa adattAdAna-viramaNu vratanA nAmathI oLakhAya che. khAtara pADavu, tALu toDI laI javu, TAIne lUMTavA, koInu` rastA para paDI gayelu dravya uDAvI levu, ennu devuM vadhAre levuM, kAInA dATelA dhanane TADhI levu, kAInI thApaNu haDapa karI javI, kAInI cIja cArI levI, maLela vastunA mAlikanA patto lagAvavA kAziza na karavI ke patto lAgatAM te parata na karavI vagere cerInAM udAharaNA che. zrAvaka cerInA tyAga paNa sAmAnya rIte e karaNa (karavu "karAvavuM) ane traNa cAga (mana-vacana-kAyA) pUrvaka ja kare che. gRhastha mATe asteya-acaurya mahAvratamAMthI nIcenAM vratA niSpanna thAya che: 1. cerI karavAnA hetuthI anyanI mAlikInI kAI cIja vastu levI nahIM. 2. irAdyapUrvaka cArAyela cIja-vastu kharIdavI nahIM cArane cerI karavAmAM sahAyabhUta thavu nahIM. 3. kAyadA dvArA pratiba Mdhita cIja-vastuenA vyApAra karavA nahIM. 4. vyApAramAM adhama rItarasama-dAvapecanA Azraya levA nahI. 5. kAI TrasTa ke saMgaThananA hoddedAranI rUe tenI mAlamilakata ke dhana ucApata karavu nahIM. 4. sthUla maithunaviramaNa ke svadAra-satoSa vrata : potAnI bhAryA sivAya anya sarva srI -kAyA-pUrvaka tyAga karavA e svadAra-sa tASa parastrI tyAganI vAta che. vaizyA, vidhavA ane A vratamAM nihita che. svadAra (svapatnI)nI jAtanI kAma ceSTA heya che. maryAdita saMgati eTale dhyeya rAkhIne saMtAneAtpatti jevA uddezathI strI-puruSa vacce thatI saMgati. prajotpatti sivAya, zarIra-mana-saMkalpabaLa vRddhi arthe zArIrika-mAnasika-AdhyAtmika -bhautika unnati mATe paNa vInA upayoga asAdhAraNapaNe apekSita che, temAM sAthe maithuna sevanane mana-vacana kahevAya che. A vratamAM A rIte kumArInI saMgatinA tyAga paNa maryAdita saMgati sivAya dareka sAmAnya rIte vIya rakSaNanu

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jainadarzana sarjanazakti ane tenA upayoga anya ucca kAryA (zAstra, sAhityagraMthanA abhyAsa, nirmANa ke anya kApayogI sevAkAryA)mAM zakaya che. jevI rIte zrAvaka mATe svadAra-sa tASanu vidhAna che, ja pramANe zrAvikA mATe svapati-sa tAnA niyama samajavAnA che. potAnA bharathAra (pati) sivAya anya sarvAM puruSa sAthe mana-vacana-kAyApUrvaka maithunasevanane tyAga karavA e svapati -sa tAja kahevAya che. zrAvaka mATe svadAra-sa teASa ane zrAvikA mATe svapati~sa tASa anivArya che. sAdhu-sAdhvI mATe maithunanA saMpUrNa tyAga che, jyAre zrAvaka-zrAvikA mATe maithunanI maryAdA nizcita karavAmAM Avela che. gRhastha mATe brahmacaryanA mahAvrata para AdhArita tratA nIce mujaba che: 1. bhicAra ke vezyAgIrI (deviya) karavA nahIM. 2. kAIpaNa prakAranA asvAbhAvika jAtIya saMbhAga karavA nahIM. 3. viSayabhAgathI jema bane tema vadhAremAM vadhAre dUra rahevu. 130 4. vadhAremAM vadhAre vayapa ta brahmacaryanuM pAlana karavuM. 5. proDha vaya pachI lagna karavA nahIM. 5. sthUla parigraha (ke icchA)viramaNa ke aparigraha vrata : mAnava-IcchA prasAra AkAzanI jema anaMta che. icchA para niyaMtraNa na karIe tA te kadApi tRpta thAya nahIM. icchA niya MtraNu IcchA-tRptinA zreSTha upAya che. gRhasthAvasthAmAM IcchAne sadaMtara tyAga zakaya nathI, paraMtu icchAenI maryAdA khacita bAMdhI zakAya che. Ane icchA-parimANunu nAma apAya che ane icchA maryAdita thatAM mamatva, sa Mgraha ke parigraha vRtti paNa parimita thAya che. pariNAme zrAvaka je kaMIpaNa upArjana ke sa Mgraha kare che te kevaLa jarUrata-sa tASa arthe ja hoya che. AnAthI te sa tASaprada rIte peAtAnI ane potAnA AzritAnI parimita IcchAnI paripUrti thAya che. dhana, dhAnya, seAnuM, cAMdI, ghara, khetara, jamIna, pazu va. bhAdya padArthAnA parigraha dravya-parigraha kahevAya che ane te padAthA paranA mAha mamatva bhAva-parigraha kahevAya che. dArUpa ane baMdhanarUpa bhAva-parigrahane zithila karavA mATe dravyapAretranuM samucita parimANu nakkI karavuM Avazyaka che. dravya parigrahane ati saMgraha pApa che ane tevI icchA dharAvalI paNa pApa che. jIvananI sAmAnya jarUrata tathA sukhasagavaDa pUratA dravya-parigraha paranI mamatA bhAvaparigrahamAM gAya tApaNuM tevI mamatAM pAparUpa gaNavApAtra nathI kAraNa ke te gRhasthAzramanI

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jina nItizAstra 161 paristhiti sAthe anivArya rIte svAbhAvika rIte saMlagna che. parigraha-maryAdAthI adhika prApta thatAM tene dAna vagere satkAryomAM upayoga karavo joIe. AnAthI parigraha parimANa vratanI sahelAIthI rakSA thAya che ane janahitanA kAryone paNa jarUrI protsAhana maLI zake che. pAMcamA aparigrahanA mahAvrata parathI zrAvaka nIcenAM vrato anusarI zake? 1. pitAnA svAbhAvika hissA karatAM adhika kaMIpaNa dharAvavuM nahIM. 2. lAMcarUzvata ane bakSise svIkAravI nahIM. 3. mata meLavavA-ApavA paisAne vyavahAra letI-detI karavI nahIM. 4. lebhavRttine vaza thaIne dardInI sAravAra laMbAvavI nahIM. 1. sagAI ane lagnanI bAbatomAM dhananI mAMgaNI karavI nahIM. dekhItI rIte zrAvakanAM A aNuvrato niSedhAtmaka siddhAMto lAge che, te paNa temanI svIkRti vibhinna netika temaja sAmAjika samasyAnuM nirasana kare che. te eka bAjue Atma-zuddhi ane AtmasAkSAtkAra prere che, ane bIjI bAjue ahiMsI, nyAya ane hiMmata para AdhArita prabaLa cAritrya nirmANa kare che. jenA darzananA upara nirdiSTa naitika siddhAMto-zramaNAcAra ane zrAvakAcAra darzAve che ke A tattvajJAna jIvana prati Adarzane vyAvahArika upayoga vyakta kare che. A vyavasthita naitika zista vyaktine sAmAnya kakSAthI UMce uThAve che ane tene AcaraNanA atyaMta ucca naitika ane AdhyAtmika mArga dvArA satyanA jJAna ane AcaraNa mATe zaktimAna banAve che. ratnatrayI : jaina darzana samyam (sAcuM) darzana-jJAna-cAritryanA traNa siddhAMta para AdhArita che je ratanacI tarIke oLakhAya che? (1) triratnamAM sarvaprathama sabhyam darzana che, kAraNa ke te vinA samya jJAna ke cAritrya zakya nathI. samya darzana tatvArthamAM aDaga zraddhA che. AdhyAtmika vikAsa arthe jagatanA padArthone yathArtha rIte jANavAnI ruci samyam darzana che. (2) sabhya- jJAna eTale jaina darzananA 9 padArthonuM jJAna. mati, zrata, avadhi, mana:paryAya ane kevaLa e pAMca jJAnamAM kevaLajJAna zreSTha prakAranuM jJAna che. (3) samyam cAritrya jIvanamAM vAstavika ane susaMgata tarIke svIkArela satyenuM AcaraNa che. jaina darzana baMdhanane svIkAre che ane baMdhanamAMthI mukti jai. 11

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16ra jenazana prApta karavAnA sAdhana tarIke vratane mAnya rAkhe che. tethI jIvanamAM A mahAvratA ke ANuvratAnA AcaraNane cAritra tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. 6. terApaMthane ahiMsAviSayaka khyAla: jaina zvetAMbara saMpradAyanA terApaMtha ahiMsAnI vicitra vyAkhyA Ape che ane ahiMsAne jIvarakSAthI judI pADe che. jyAM sudhI sAdhu-sAdhvInI AcArasaMhitAne lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI nirapekSa dRSTibiMduthI ahiMsAnI samajUtInuM viziSTa mahattva che. A daSTibiMduthI vajarya ane avarce hiMsA vacce keI bheda nathI. A rIte, keipaNa saMjogo heThaLanI hiMsA e hiMsA ja che. je ekavAra ApaNe sUkSma jIvonA astitvane svIkArIe to pachI AdhyAtmika dRSTibiMduthI sUkSmAtisUkSma jIvonI hiMsA paNa (pachI bhale tene hetu mAnavajIvanarakSaNa heya) anaitika ja che. nirapekSa ahiMsAnI AvI samajUtI sAmAnya mAnavInI buddhimAM sahelAIthI UtarI zake tevI nathI. kadAca buddhizALI vyakti nirapekSa ahiMsA svIkArI zake nahIM, kAraNa ke te sUkSma jIvonI hiMsA karyA vinA tenA pitAnA jIvananuM rakSaNa karI zake nahIM. paraMtu tAvika dRSTie AvI "sApekSa hiMsAne ahiMsA kahI zakAya nahIM. terApaMtha mujaba paNa, virakta sAdhujana mATe nirapekSa ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa anivArya che. - terApaMtha anusAra, je saMjoge heThaLa mAnavIne sApekSa hiMsA AcaravI paDe ane je Avo mArga mekSa mATe sahAyabhUta manAto hoya te ahIM gaMbhIra kSati thAya che. temanA mate, AdhyAtmika ane vyAvahArika jIvana vacce bheda che. mAnavIe pitAnI nirbaLatA svIkAravI joIe ane te sarva kALe AdhyAtmika nAtikatAne anusarI zake nahIM. nirapekSa ahiMsA tyAgIjana mATe ja Adarza banI zake. terApaMtha mujaba, nirapekSa ahiMsAne khyAla sUkSma che ane mAnava vyaktio pratyenI dayA-anukaMpA vacce bheda pADato nathI. temanA mate, jIva-rakSA AdhyAtmika daSTibiMduthI ahiMsA nathI. vyAvahArika dRSTie jIva-rakSA prazaMsanIya che kharI, paraMtu AdhyAtmika ke pAramArthika dRSTie tene naitika pharaja mAnI zakAya nahIM. terApaMthanA agraNI AcArya tulasI dayA-anukaMpA(compassion)nI nIce mujaba vyAkhyA Ape che, "anukaMpA eTale dhArmikatAthI pitAnA ane pArakAnA AtmAnuM rakSaNa. vyAvahArika dRSTibiMduthI jIva-rakSAne paNa anukaMpA mAnI zakAya." * Jaina Siddhanta Dipika, p. 107.

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jaina nItizAstra 133 parantu sAmAnya ane AdhyAtmika anukaMpAnI tulanA karIe tyAre sAmAnya anukaMpA ahiMsAnuM lakSya sAdhavAmAM apUratI-asamartha nIvaDe che. A rIte anu pAbhAvathI parajIva-rakSA karanAra vyaktinI prazaMsA karI zakAya, paraMtu meAkSane sthAne anuka MpA lakSya tarIke hoya tA AdhyAtmika dRSTi duthI AvuM kA anaitika che. anuka pAbhAvathI prerAIne jIvarakSA ahiMsA sivAyanAM anya sAdhanA (dA. ta. khATakIne paisA ApIne bakarInA jIvanI rakSA) dvArA paNa karI zakAya. AvI paristhitimAM, anuka pAne meAkSasahAyaka kahI zakAya nahIM, kAraNa ke tyAgIjana paisA rAkhI zake nahIM ke te anyane paisA ApI zake nahIM, paraMtu dhanane badale ahiMsAnA upadeza dvArA jo te khATakI (kasAI)nuM hRdaya parivartana karI zake to AtmAnA -rakSaNu dvArA prerAyela AvuM kArya jIvarakSA paNa preraze. A siddha kare che ke AdhyAtmika ane pAramArthika dRSTibiMduthI AtmarakSA jIvarakSA karatAM vadhAre DhiyAtI che--utkRSTa che. sAdhujananA AcaraNane nisbata che tyAM sudhI jIvarakSA pratyenI udAsInatAne amuka aMze vyAjabI gaNI zakAya. tenu lakSya meAkSa che ane tethI teNe iSTa-aniSTathI temaja vA pratyenA rAga-dveSathI saMpUrNata: mukta thavu joIe. jaina mate, satya temaja duSkarma ane baMdhananA kAraNa che. terApaMtha A udAsInatA para vadhAre bhAra mUke che ane jIvarakSAne vyAvahArika anukaMpA ja mAne che. jIvarakSAne gauNa mAnIne ApaNe jaina tAttvika pAsAnuM samarthana karI zakIe, para Mtu A pharajane mAtra' vyAvahArika kahIne ane A javAbadArInuM saMkramaNa mAtra gRhastha para karIne terApaMtha AdhyAtmika udAsInatA para vadhu paDatA bhAra mUke che. teo bhUlI jAya che ke jIvarakSA karatI veLAe paNa tyAgIjana virakta, rAga-rahita rahI zake ane A rIte AtmarakSAnI jema jIvarakSAnuM paNa AdhyAtmika anuka pAmAM saMkramaNu karI zakAya. A rIte bhagavadgItAnA sthitaprajJanI jema jaina sAdhu jIvarakSA karatI veLAe taTastha rahI zake ane kamanI jaMjIranA prabhAvamAMthI mukta rahI zake. vairAgya-udAsInatA-para vadhu paDatu lakSa kandrita karIne terApaMtha e hakIkatanu vismaraNa kare che ke AtmarakSAnI jema ja jIvarakSAnu AcaraNa paNu kAIpaNa phaLanI apekSA vinA zakatra che. jaina tattvajJAna AtmarakSA temaja jIvarakSA baMnenI himAyata kare che. AtmarakSA. jaina tattvajJAnanA tAttvika pAsAM para bhAra mUke che, jyAre jIvarakSA naitika pAsAnI mahattAne bhavya banAve che. tethI jIvarakSA temaja AtmarakSA ane tyAgIjana mATe samAna mahattva dharAve che ane A baMnene samanvaya jaina darzanane naitika-tAttvika dana hovAnuM siddha kare che. ahiMsAnA arthamAM

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jainadAna. prANIjIvanI rakSA abhipreta hovAthI ja jaina zrAvaka-zrAvikAo pazupa`khIone khArAka-caNu-pANI Ape che ane dhAyala pazupakSIonI zuzruSA kare che. A rIte ahiMsA ane anukaMpA-dhyA-ne samAnAthI mAnavAmAM Ave che. 164 ahiMsA sarvoparI krUraja-tavya che ane ahiMsA niSedhaka pratyaya hAvAnuM jaNAya che, paraMtu jyAre A mahAna AdarzanuM AcaraNa jIvanamAM vyAvahArika rIte karavAmAM Ave che tyAre te niSedhaka dhAraNathI vizeSa kaMIka hovAnu siddha thAya che. saMpUrNa ahiMsAnuM AcaraNu muzkela ja nahIM, paraMtu azakaya paNa che. Ama, ahiMsAnA mArga saraLa nahIM paraMtu atyaMta kaSTaprada-kaThina ane jaTila che. ahiMsAnA artha anya jIvAne hAni nahIM. eTaleA ja nathI paraMtu te anyanI sakriya sevA paNa sUcave che. jaina danamAM sarva vyaktigata bAbatamAM ahiMsAnA siddhAMtanA AcaraNa para bhAra mUke che tA paNa e spaSTa che ke tenu lakSya mAnavatAnu kalyANa ane sAmAjika pragati che. 7. kanA siddhAMta (Jaina Doctrine of Karma) 1. prAstAvika vizva susa Mbaddha taMtra che-jIvaMta vyavasthA che, ataMtra-avyavasthA nathI. te paraspara saMkalita tattvA-vastuo-nI vyavasthA (racanA) che, asa kalita vastuone Dhaga nathI. tethI ja pleTA yathArtha rIte kahe che, pratyeka vastune anya vastuethI alaga pADavAmAM Ave, tA sarva vAcAnI sada Mtara nAza thAya.' vastumAtra vizvanA zeSa bhAga sAthe evI rIte saMkaLAyela che ke jo ApaNe tenu svarUpa jANI zakIe tA ApaNe sArAye vizvane paNa jANIe. jaina darzana anusAra, vizvAI bAhya AdhyAtmika sattA dvArA ekatrita karela samUha nathI para Mtu te tenA baMdhAraNamAM aMtargata amuka nizcita niyameAne AdhIna evI vyavasthA svayaM che. B vizvanA vyavasthita svarUpanI abhivyaktinI eka rIta sAtrika kArya kAraNane niyama che. A niyama mujaba, pratyeka ghaTanAne kAraNa hoya che. vastumAtra jene prAraMbha che tene kAraNa hovu joIe ghaTanAe AtmasAt nahIM paraM tu kAraNavazAt bane che. zUnyatAmAMthI OM I udbhavatuM nathI. kAraNavihANI ghaTanAe azakaya che. Akasmika ghaTanAe vAstavamAM ApaNA maryAdita

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jaina nItizAstra 165 jJAnane lIdhe ApaNuthI ajJAta evA keIka nizcita kAraNanuM pariNAma che. sarva ghaTanAo kAryakAraNanI sArvatrika zRMkhalA dvArA saMbaMdhita che. kAryakAraNanA sArvatrika siddhAMtanA prabhAva heThaLa bhAgya ke akasmAta mATe keI avakAza nathI. vijJAna ane tatvajJAnane hetu ghaTanAnA kAraNa ane paristhitinI zodha karavAnuM che. kAryakAraNa niyama sarva niyamamAM atyaMta vyApaka ane sarvasaMmata niyama che. amuka ghaTanAo amuka paristhitiomAM (anyamAM nahIM) niyamita rIte urdUbhave che. kAryakAraNane sArvatrika siddhAMta vizvamAM kAryarata che. ghaTanAmAtra (sthULa ke sUkSama) A sArvatrika kAryakAraNanA niyama dvArA niyaMtrita thAya che. prakRtinAM sarva paribaLa (bhautika ke mane vaijJAnika) A niyamane anusare che. zarIra, vANuM ke mananI pratyeka pravRtti kAIka paribaLa ke zakti (je tenuM kAraNa che te)nuM kAryA-pariNAma che. kArya ane kAraNa sApekSa pade che. koI eka saMdarbhamAM kaIka kAraNanuM pariNAma hoya tevI ghaTanA anya kaIka saMdarbhamAM anya koIka pariNAmanuM kAraNa bane che ane A rIte A hAramALA tenA kSetrane vistAre che. bhAratIya tattvaciMtanamAM karmasiddhAMta atyaMta mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta che. "vAve tevuM laNe ane kare tevuM pAme" e uktinuM tAtparya A ja che. cArvAka sivAya anya sarva bhAratIya darzane karma-siddhAMta svIkAre che. bhAratanI A sarva tAtvika ane naitika paddhatie mAnava-jIvananI ghaTanAonI samaja arthe karmanA siddhAMtane upayoga kAryakAraNanA niyama tarIke kare che, paraMtu jaina darzanamAM te tenI carama sImAe pahoMce che ane advitIya svarUpa grahaNa kare che. jaina darzana kama-siddhAMtanuM suvyavasthita, susaMbaddha ane sarvAgasaMpUrNa nirUpaNa kare che je anyatra durlabha che. ahIM te Atmanirbhara, svayaMpUrNa paddhati che. te IzvaranA niyaMtraNa heThaLa nathI. jIvana ane cetanAnI dhaTanAo jaData ke zaktinI ghaTanAo samAna nathI. -zuddha bhautika pravRttimAM, jaDa padArthomAM umerA dvArA vRddhi thAya che je mAtra rAsAyaNika niyamanuM pariNAma che. (1) jyAre cetanatattva zarIramAM hoya tevAM to sivAyanAM bAhya to grahaNa kare che ane temanA svarUpamAM parivartana kare che ane tenA potAnA deha sAthe temane saMmilita kare che. (2) taduparAMta jIvaMta vyaktio svayaM temanI saMtatiomAM punarjIvita thAya che. jaDatava (pula) A lakSaNa dharAvatuM nathI. jaina darzana mujaba, jIva vAstavika ane asaMkhya che. pratyeka jIva anya jIvothI bhinna evI viziSTa lAkSaNikatAyukta che. je siddhAMta ApaNane ApaNI vyaktigata lAkSaNikatAonI kaIka samajutI arthAt ApaNI vartamAna

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jainanA vyaktimatAnA ghaTakAnA kAIka satASaprada uttara Ape che ane je A ghaTakAnA udbhavanI samajUtI kAIka bhUtakAlIna paribaLAnA pariNAma tarIke darzAve che te siddhAMta karmanA siddhAMta' tarIke suprasiddha che. kama'nA siddhAMta kriyA ane pratikriyA (kriyAnI pratikriyA)nA niyama che. te vartana ane AMtaranirikSaNanA svarUpamAM dRSTigAcara thatI ApaNI kriyA ane pratikriyAonu arthaghaTana kare che. sArI. kriyAnuM sAruM ane kharAba kriyAnuM kharAba pariNAma acUka niSpanna thAya che ja. vyaktie anyane karela anyAya tene kAIka rIte kaIkane kaIka dvArA acUka parata maLe che ja. 163 (2) kama eTale zu? kanA vividha artha ane 'ka' mATenA anya zabdaprayAgA 1. kam nA zAbdika artha kAI kArya, kriyA kaeN pravRtti evA thAya che.. arthAt vyutpattizAstranI dRSTie, je kaMI karavAmAM Ave che te (dA.ta. khAvuMpIvuM, cAlavu -doDavu, hasavuM-rAvuM vagere) 'ka' kahevAya che. 2. vyavahAramAM kAmadha dhA ke vyavasAyane karma' tarIke eLakhavAmAM Ave che.. 3. karmakAMDI mImAMsAmAM yajJa vagere dhyiAe kama' tarIke oLakhAya che. 4. smRtikAra vidvAnA 4 varNa ane 4 AzrameAnAM kartavyone ' kahe che. 5. purANu dhArmika kriyA (vrata, niyama vagere)ne karmArUpa mAne che. 6. vyAkaraNazAstramAM kartA peAtAnI kriyA dvArA jene prApta karavA cAhe che arthAt kartAnI pravRttinu phaLa jenA para paDe che tene karma' kahe che. 7. nyAyazAstramAM utsepaNu, apakSepaNu, AkuMcana, prasaraNa tathA gamana ema pAMca prakAranI kriyAone mATe karma' zabdanA upayoga thAya che. 8. yAgadarzanamAM saMskArane vAsanA, apUrva ke kama kahevAmAM Ave che. 9. bauddhadarzInamAM jIvananI vicitratAnA kAraNane 'kama' kahevAmAM Ave che. je vAsanArUpa che. 10. jaina darzanamAM rAga-dveSAtmaka pariNAma arthAt kAyane 'bhAvaka' tathA kANu varganA pudgala je kaSAyane lIdhe cetanatattva sAthe ekarUpa thAya che tene dravyakama' kahevAmAM Ave che.

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jaina nItizAstra jaina darzana karma' zabdanA prayAga je amAM kare che tenA jevA arthamAM anya danA mAyA ke avidyA (vedAMta), apUrva (mImAMsA), vAsanA ane vijJapti (bauddha), dharma-adharma (nyAya), adRSTa (jaizeSika), Azaya (sAMkhya-yoga) jevA zabdonA upayAga kare che. (3) jaina sAhityamAM kavAda jaina kama vAda aMge aneka Agametara svataMtra graMtha upalabdha che ja. upalabdha Agama-sAhityamAM kamanA siddhAMtanA mULabhUta muddAo para paryApta prakAza pADavAmAM Avye che. alabatta, A tra thAmAM kaviSayaka aneka bAbatA a Mge carcAvicAraNA karavAmAM AvI nathI. AcArAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprApti (bhagavatIsUtra), prajJApanA ane uttarAdhyayanasUtramAM A siddhAMta aMge vizeSa sAmagrI prApta thAya che. 137 (4) ka-siddhAMtanA hetuA 1. dareka kriyA nizcita rIte phaLa-pradAna kare che. phaLa-pradAna karatI na hoya evI kAI kriyA nathI. A kArya kAraNa bhAva ke kama -phaLa bhAva tarIke oLakhAya che. kama ane phaLa vacce vibhAjya sabaMdha che. 2. kAI kriyAnuM phaLa jIvane vartamAna jIvanamAM na maLe teA, tene mATe bhAvi jIvana anivArya banI rahe che. 3. AtmA karmanA kartA ane bhoktA bane che ane te ja eka bhava (janma)mAMthI anya bhavamAM jAya che. kAIka ne kAIka bhavanA mAdhyama dvArA ja te pote pUrve karelAM karmI bhAgave che ane navAM karmAM bAMdhe che. A karma-para parA -bhaMga karavAnuM paNa tenAmAM sAmarthya che. 4. janmagata vyaktibheda karma janya che, vyaktinA vyavahAra ane sukhadu:khamAM dRSTigocara thatI asamAnatA paNa karmajanya che. 5. jIva svayaM ka baMdha tathA ka bhAganA adhiSmAtA che. A sivAyanA jeTalA hetue dRSTigocara thAya che te sarve sahakArI ke naitika ja che.* DaoN. mahetA meAhanalAla, jaina dharmadarzana, pR. 414.

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jainadarzana (5) jaina darzanamAM karmanuM svarUpa samagra vizva (ka) pugala-paramANuothI sabhara che. A sUkSma pudgala-to karmarUpamAM pariNamI zake che. karmarUpamAM pariNamatA A yugala-paramANuone jaina zAstrakAre karmavarga evuM nAma Ape che. Ama jaina dRSTie, karmane artha kArya ke pravRtti ke kevaLa puruSakRta prayatna mAtra nathI paraMtu karma bhautika tattvone samUha che, arthAta pugala-paramANuone piMDa che je atyaMta sUkSma che ane tethI Indriyagocara nathI. A rIte karma eka virATa vizvavyApI pravRtti che. karma baMdhanuM kAraNa che. anAdi kALathI chava-saMsArIjIva karmabaddha che ane tethI pUrNa nathI. karma sAthenA sAhacaryane lIdhe, jIva tenA svAbhAvika guNa (anaMta-jJAna-darzana -cAritra-vIryathI vaMcita bane che. Ama karmane lIdhe jIvanA svAbhAvika guNo, zaktio maryAdita bane che. karma sAthe jIvana sAhacaryane koI prAraMbha nathI paraMtu tene aMta zakya che khare. AtmA ane karma vaccenA gADha saMbaMdhane darzAvavA mATe jaina zAstrakAre kSIra-nIra saMbaMdhanI upamA Ape che. jaina mate, karmanI sattA atyaMta prabaLa ane AbAdhita che. karmaphaLadAtA tarIke IzvaranI daramyAnagIrInI ahIM bilakula AvazyakatA nathI. kama saMpUrNa svAdhIna che ane te svayaM phaLa utpanna karavA samartha che. kRta karmane paripAka thatA te pote ja svasAmarthyathI phaLa Ape che. pugala-paramANuo jIvanI pravRtti dvArA AkarSAIne jIva sAthe saMlagna thatA karma' saMjJAthI oLakhAya che. A rIte jIvabaddha kAmaNa (karmarUpe pariNata) pudgalene "kama' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. karma haMmezAM saMsArI AtmA sAthe saMbaddha che. karmanA kartA-bheMkatAne saMbaMdha paNa saMsArI-baddha AtmA sAthe ja che, muktAtmA sAthe nathI. jIva rAga-dveSa ane mana-vacana-kAyAnI pravRttio dvArA kAmaNa pagale grahaNa na kare tyAM sudhI tene "karma' saMjJA ApavAmAM AvatI nathI. (6) kamabaMdhanAM kAraNe AtmA sAthe karmano kSIra-nIra samAna saMbaMdha ke enuM nAma karmabaMdha che. karmopArjana ke karmabaMdhanA sAmAnya rIte be kAraNe che: 1. yoga ane 2. kaSAyakaSa saMsAra ane Aya lAbha arthAt jenAthI saMsArane lAbha thAya te kaSAya. jIvanI mana-vacana-kAyAnI pravRtti yuga kahevAya che. krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha e cAra mAnasika Avege kaSAya kahevAya che. A baMne dvArA AtmA baddha thAya che. rAga-dveSa e be mukhya kaSAya che. rAga-dveSayukta zArIrika-mAnasika pravRttio

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jaina nItizAstra 139 ka baMdhanuM kAraNa che. khInna zomAM yoga ane kaSAya ane karma baMdhanA kAraNeA che. yAgathI kama pudgalA AtmA prati kheMcAya che, AtmAne sparze che ane kaSAyanA baLe tee AtmAne coMTe che-vaLage che. A khemAM kaSAya prabaLa kAraNu che ane tethI kaSAyajanya pravRtti dvArA thatA karma baMdha savizeSa prabaLa hoya che, jyAre kaSAyarahita pravRtti dvArA thatA karma badha atyaMta nibaLa ane alpAyu hoya che. (7) kema baMdhanA hetuo AtmA sAthe karmAM-pudgalAne jaDI devAnuM kAma (1) mithyAtva (mithyA-khATI zraddhA) (2) aviratI (vratAbhAva), (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya (krodha-mAna-mAyA-lAbha jemAM rAga-dveSadanA samAveza thAya che), ane (5) yoga (mana-vacana-kAyA-nI pravRtti) kare che. A pAMce AsravAreA che. A pAMca khaMdhanA hetuo tarIke oLakhAya che. (8) karma baMdhanA prakAro yoga ane kaSAyanI pariNati dvArA grahaNu karela kAmhaNa pudgalA cAra vibhAgA -prakArAmAM tenA grahaNa kALamAM ja pRthakakRta thAya che. te ja samaye A pudgala--paramANuenI prakRti, sthiti, pradeza-sa MkhyA ane zubha-azubha, tItra-maMda rasa paNa nizcita thAya che. jaina paribhASAmAM karma baMdhanA A prakAreAnAM nAmeA nIce mujaba che : (a) prakRtti aMdha, (ba) sthitibaMdha, (ka) pradezAdha, ane (Da) rasa (anubhAga) baMdha. pudgala-paramANuonA AtmA-praveza bAda te temanAM vividha pariNAmeA turata ja utpanna kare che ane ka banelA A pudgala paramANuonA vicAra temanI prakRti sthiti, pradeza ane rasa ke anubhAga ema cAra dRSTibiMduethI karavAmAM Ave che. (a) prakRtiSa dha jIve grahaNu karela pudgala-paramANuonI prakRtti tenA grahaNakALe ja nizcita thAya che. Ane prakRtibaMdha kahevAmAM Ave che. A pAsuM karmanA svarUpane nirdeze che. karmAMnA ke mULa prakRtienA ATha prakAre che. A prakRtie jIvane judA judA prakAranA anukULa-pratikULa phaLa pradAna kare che. karmanA ke mULa prakRttienA prakAra nIce pramANe che : 1. jJAnAvaraNu, 2. danAvaraNu, 3. meAhanIya, 4. aMtarAya, 5. vedanIya, 6. nAma, 7. gAtra, 8. AyuSya, AmAMnI prathama cAra dhAtI prakRttie che, kAraNa ke tenAthI AtmAnA cAra svAbhAvika guNA (jJAna-darzana-cAritrya ke sukha

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jaina na vI)nA dhAta thAya che. zeSa cAra adhAtI prakRtie che, kAraNa ke tee AtmAnA kAI guNAnA ghAta karatI nathI, para Mtu te AtmAne paulika~bhautika svarUpa pradAna kare che je tenuM nijI rUpa nathI. tee zarIranI vividha avasthAonu nirmANa kare che. Ama kabaMdhanA dhAtI, adhAtI evA be prakAra che. ApaNe. pratyeka ka prakAra ke mULa prakRti aMge have pachI vigatavAra joIzuM. 100 (a) sthitima dha jIva dvArA grahaNa karavAmAM Avela karma-pudgale tene vividha samaya-gALA pata badhanamAM rAkhe che. baMdhanI sthiti kama nI sthiti para AdhAra rAkhe che.. sthitibaMdha AtmA sAthe saMlagna ka-pudgalAnI avadhi-sthitikALa-mudata darzAve che. karma-pudgalAe kALanA game teTalA gALA mATe jIvane asara karela hoya tA paNa karma-ja jIrAmAMthI jIvanI mukti zakaya che evuM dRDha jaina maMtavya che. kALa -paribaLa karmInI sthiti tarIke nirdezAya che. (ka) pradezakha dha kama aMgenA bhautika khyAla Apela samaye jIvane asara karatAM karmonA parimANu(jaththA)ne svAbhAvika rIte ja sUcave che. jaina matAnusAra, kama -pudgalA AtmA sAthe saMlagna thAya che ane tethI jaina ciMtA mAne che ke AtmA tenI bahAra rahelAM ka-pudgalAne AkarSe che. AkarSI jIvanI pravRtti para nirbhara che. AtmAnI pravRtti jema vadhAre sadhana tema tenA dvArA AkarSAyela karma-pudgalAnu parimANu (jaththA) paNa vizeSa. AthI UlaTu, AtmAnI pravRtti jema echI tIvra, tema tenA dvArA AtkRSTa karma pudgalAnuM parimANa (jaththA) paNa echuM. peAtAnI pravRttio dvArA jIve karela ka-paramANuenA saMgraha (karma pradeza) judA judA prakArA(Ayuka, nAmaka, gAtrakama vagere)mAM vibhakta thAya che ane AtmA sAthe saMlagna thaIne rahe che. AmAMthI Ayu ka ne sauthI ocheA hissA maLe che, nAmaka ne tenAthI gheADe! adhika bhAga maLe che ane tenAthI thoDA vadhu bhAga nAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya ane aMtarAya karmomAMthI pratyeka karmane prApta thAya che. A traNanA hissA samAna che. AnAthI paNa adhika hissA meAhanIya karmIne maLe che. sauthI vadhAre hisso vedanIya karmIne prApta thAya che. judAM judAM karmAM ke vibhinna kama prakRtinA kam pradezo vibhinna che ane pratyeka prakAranI saMkhyA paNa bhinna bhinna che. A karmanuM parimANAtmaka pAsu darzAve che.

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jena nItizAstra (Da) rasa ke anubhAgabaMdha ke anubhAvabaMdha AtmAne asara karatAM karmone AdhAra ega (mana-vANI-zarIranI pravRttio) ane kaSAyakrodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha)nI tIvratA para che. jema vyakti vadhAre saMDovAyelI hoya, jema meha vadhAre hoya tema karmanA baMdhananI zakti paNa vadhAre prabaLa hoya che. e ja pramANe, karmanI zaktine AdhAre, karmanI asararUpe maMda ke tIvra anubhava hoya che. karmanuM A pAsuM karmanI tIvratA tarIke nirdezavAmAM Ave che. prakRtibaMdha ane pradezabaMdha "yogane AbhArI che, jyAre sthitibaMdha ane. anubhAga baMdha kaSAya para Azrita che. (9) kamanA prakAre ke mULa prakRtio 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma A karma AtmAnA vizuddha jJAnane AvRtta kare che-AcchAdita kare che. A karma prabaLa thAya tema tema te jJAnane vadhAre ne vadhAre AchAdita kare che. A karmane svabhAva jJAna-vikAsa kuMti karavAne chetethI A karma jJAnane AvRtta karanAra, karma tarIke oLakhAya che. A karmanI pakaDa zithila thatAM buddhi (jJAna) vikAsa adhikAdhika thAya che. jagatamAM vyaktigata bauddhika bhinnatAnI samajUtI A karmanI, vibhinna avasthAo dvArA ApI zakAya. A karmane saMpUrNa kSaya thatAM "kevaLajJAna" (pUNe pratyakSa jJAna) prakaTe che. jJAnanA pAMca prakAre (mati-zruta-avadhi-mana:paryAya-kevaLa) che ane tethI A karmanA paNa pAMca prakAra (matijJAnAvaraNa-zrutajJAnAvaraNa-avadhijJAnAvaraNa-mana--- paryAyajJAnAvaraNa-kevaLajJAnAvaraNa) che. 2. dazanAvaraNIya karma jaina darzanamAM "darzana' zabda be artho sUcavavA vaparAya che: (1) mAnyatA abhiprAya ke zraddhA ane (2) padArthanI paricitatA ke padArthanuM tenA sAmAnya svarUpamAM jJAna. jJAnane prathama tabakko aspaSTa jJAna tarIke jANItuM che. ahIM darzana zabdane bIjo artha abhipreta che. jJAna ane darzanamAM jhAjhuM aMtara nathI. prAraMbhamAM thatuM sAmAnya AkAranuM jJAna (jemake kaI mANasane dUrathI jotAM tenuM sAmAnya prakAranuM bhAna) darzana' kahevAya che ane tyArabAda tenA vizaSTa prakAranA bodhane jJAna kahevAya che.

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jainadarzana A karma AtmAnA ana Mta dananA guNane rUpe che. A kaeNma nA udayathI adhatA baherAza, nidrA vagere udbhave che. 172 3. mahanIya ka A karma AtmAnA samyakatva ke cAritra guNane dhAta kare che. te Atmasukha, parama ke zAzvata sukhanuM ghAtaka che. te meAha (strI-putra-mitra-sArI cIjo para meha) utpanna kare che A karmanA svabhAva mithyA viSayasukhamAM meAha utpanna karavAnA ane vItarAgAvaprathAne rAkavAnA che. meAhAMdha vyaktine potAnA kartavya-akartavya-nu bhAna rahetuM nathI ane haraNanI jema tRSA chIpAvavA te dhyeya vinA mRgajaLa pAchaLa TATa mUke che. AvI vyakti tattvane tAtvika dRSTie samajI zakatI nathI ane ajJAnamAM temaja mithyA samajamAM aTavAyA kare che. meAhanI mAyAjALa apAra che. AThe karmomAM A karma AtmasvarUpanI kharAkhI karavAmAM agresara che. AnA be bheda che : 1. dazana meAha ane 2. cAritrameAha. prathama prakAra padArthanA yathArtha svarUpanI samaja-zraddhA-mAM aMtarAya utpanna kare che ane Ama te tattvadRSTine rU MdhanAra che. dvitIya prakAra AtmAnA janmajAta guNasamA satyAritranA hAsa kare che. A kama prakAra dharma gra thA ke adhikRta sAdhanAnA sAcA Adeza mujaba vartana karavAmAM AtmAne aMtarAya nAkhe che. prathama prakAranA traNa ane dvitIya prakAranA 25 peTA prakAre paNa pADavAmAM Ave che. 4. aMtarAya ka aMtarAya eTale vighna-AdhA. nAnAbhatinA mArgamAM vighna e aMtarAya che. A karma anaMta zaktizALI AtmAne zaktihIna sAmarthya hIna banAve che ane tapa, japa, dAna, lAbha vageremAM aMtarAya nAMkhe che. te AtmAnA svAbhAvika guNAnI sphuraNAmAM bAdhArUpa bane che. A ka jIvanI svAdhIna zaktimAM vighna nAkhatA, sagavaDa ane dharmanA jJAna chatAM vyakti dAna ApI zakatI nathI. te vyavasAyamAM "saphaLatA meLavI zakatI nathI, A AMtarAya karmonA phaLa che. tenA pAMca prakArA cheH dAnAMtarAya, lAbhAMtarAya, bhegAMtarAya, upabhAgAMtarAya, vIryaMtarAya. 5. vedanIya A karma jIvane anukULa-pratikULa sa MvedanI dvArA sukha-du:kha arpe che ane anaMta sukhane zake che. tenA khe prakAro che: 1. sAtAvedanIya karma : A jIvane

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jaina nItizAstra sukhanA anubhava karAvanAra ka che, ane 2. asAtAvedanIya karmAH A jIvane duHkhanA anubhava karAvanAra karmo che. 6. nAmaka A krama arUpI AtmAne vividha rUpA ApI bahurUpI banAve che. A ka jIvane vividha gati (deva, manuSya, nArakI ane tiryaM ya), jAti (ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya ane pa Mcendriya), zarIra (audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, tejasa ane kANu) vagere prApta thAya che, sAruM-kharAba zarIra, surUpatA-kurUpatA, susvara-duHsvara, yaza-apayaza vagere aneka bAbatA A karma para AdhArita che. te prANIenI vividha dehAkRti rUpAkAra, racanAkArAnuM nirmANa kare che. zubha nAma karmothI sAruM zarIra vagere maLe che ane azubha nAma kaeNthI kharAba zarIra vagere maLe che. nAma kanA 93 ke 103 peTAprakAza pADavAmAM Ave che. A peTAprakAze 4 jUtheAmAM vibhAjita che. 1 piMDaprakRti (75 prakArA), 2. pratyeka-prakRti (8 prakArA). 3 trasadazaka (10 prakAza) ane 4 sthAvaradarzaka (10 prakArA). 7. gAma A ka jIvanA ucca-nIca gA(vaMza)mAMnA janmanuM kAraNa che. ucca gAtra eTale saMskArI ane sadAcArI kuLa ane nIca geAtra eTale asaMskArI ane AcArahIna kuLa. ucca gAtraka ane nIca gAtrakama e me tenA peTAbhedo che. A be anusAra je te gAtramAM jIvanA janma thAya che. 103 8. Ayuka A karma astitvanI cAra sthitie (deva, manuSya, nArakI ane ti"ca)mAMthI kAIpaNa ekamAM jIvanA AyuSyanuM nirmANa kare che. prANI Ayuka nA astitvathI jIve che ane tenA kSaya thatAM avasAna pAme che. A karma svataMtra evA AtmAne cAra gatimAM bhamAvI parAdhIna banAve che. AyuSya A kane AdhIna che. tenA 4 peTAprakAra) che: 1. devAyu, 2. manuSyAyu, 7. nArakAcu ane 4. tiryaMcAyu. 148 ke 158 peTAledA upara nirdiSTha ATha prakArAnA 148 ke 158 peTAbhedya che. prathama prakAranA bIjAnA 9, trIjAnA 28, cothAnA 5, pAMcamAMnA 2, chaThThAnI 93 ke 103, 5,

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jainana sAtamAnAM 2, ane AmAnAM 4 peTAprakAza che. jaina graMthAmAM uparAsta peTAprakArAnu vistRta varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. 174 (10) karmI ane punarjanma karmo ane punarjanma vacce avibhAjya sabaMdha che. karmanI sattAne svIkAra tenA phaLasvarUpa svarga ke paraleAka ke punarjanmanI sattAnA paNa svIkAra sUcave che. je karmAnu phaLa vartamAna janmamAM prApta thayuM na hoya te karmAnA bhAga mATe punarjanmanI mAnyatA anivArya banI rahe che. punarjanma ke pUrvabhavanA abhAvamAM kRta karmanA nihetuka vinAzamAM ane akRta karmanA bhAgamAM mAnavuM paDe. A sthitimAM karma-vyavasthAnuM mALakhuM dUSita bane. A doSathI mukta rahevA mATe, kavAda punarjanmanI sattA svIkAre che. AthI hindu, bauddha ane jaina paraMparAomAM ka mUlaka punarjanmanI sattAnA svIkAra karavAmAM AvyA che. pUrvajanmanA karmIsaMskAra mujaba vartamAna jIvana ane viziSTa paristhitinuM ane vamAna jIvana mujaba bhAvi jIvananu nirmANa thAya che. jaina maMtavya mujaba, AnupUrvI nAmaka jIvane mRtyu bAda tenA navA utpatti-sthAna paMta pahoMcADe che. A samaye jIva sAthe taijasa ane kANu evA be prakAranA zarIra rahe che, jyAre audArika kauyi prakAranA zarIranu nirmANa tenA utpatti-sthAne pahoMcyA bAda zarU thAya che. (11) jaina kama vAda jaina kama vAda zuddha svarUpe vyaktivAdI che. jaina tattvajJAnamAM AtmA sva-dehaparimANuyukta che tema tenA karmavAdamAM kema sva-zarIraparimANuyukta che ane tethI karma vyaktiparyaMta sImita che. jevI rIte jIva potAnA zarIramAM buddha rahIne ja potAnu kArya kare che tevI ja rIte ka paNa peAtAnA zarIranI sImAmAM rahIne ja peAtAnu kArya kare che, AtmAnI jema ja, karma paNa savyApaka nathI. AtmA ane karmAMnA kArya ke guNu zarIranI sImApa ta ja maryAdita che. ka bhautika (jaDa) svarUpa hovA chatAM jIva (cetanA)nA dviziSTa sasathI tenAmAM zakti utpanna thAya che ane tethI te sArAM-mAThAM pariNAme niyata samaye prakaTa kare che.

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jaina nItizAstra 175 jena karmavAda AlasyavAda ke nirudyamavadi nathI, paNa yogya udyama ane pragatigAmI prayatnane avakAza Apate upayogI siddhAMta che. te darzAve che ke yogya puruSArtha karI kama AvaraNene uchedI vyaktie AgaLa pragati karavI ghaTe ane pragatimAM AgaLa vadhI mukti meLavavI ghaTe. jema jIva potAnI pravRttithI karma bAMdhe che tema te pitAnI pravRttithI tene teDI paNa zake che. badhA pUrvaka abhedya nathI , hatAM. anekAneka karmo yogya prayatnabaLathI bhedavA zakya che. AthI jaina karmavAda karmanA vizvAse akarmaNyavAda upadezato nathI. te karmanA udaya thavAmAM samucita udyamane avakAza ape che ane karmane udaya nirbaLa banAvavAmAM paNa yogya udyamane AvakAre che. te jIvanayAtrAmAM yaMgya udyama, prayAsa, purUSArthane mahattvapUrNa sthAna Ape che. pUrvakRta karma dvArA sAmagrI maLe che paraMtu A A sAmagrI dvArA bhavasAgara taravAne puruSArtha to AtmAe ja karavo paDe che. jaina mate, karma pudgalasvabhAva arthAt bhautika svarUpanuM che. karmanA AzravathI nizcayata : zuddha ane vyavahAra daSTie anAdi baddha chava punaH baMdhAya che. jIva karma-pudgalanuM nimitta kAraNa che, upAdAna kAraNa nathI, chatAM rAga -SAdi bhAvanA AvirbhAvathI AtmAmAM karmane Azrava saMbhave che. tethI vyavahAra daSTie AtmA karma-pugalane kartA che. jaina daSTie, karmanA aneka bheda ane peTAde che je aMge ApaNe AgaLa darzAvela che. A sarve karmonA mULa chedAI jAya tyAre AtmA potAne mULa-asala svabhAva prApta kare che arthAt mukti meLave che. A rIte jaina daSTie, karmathI jIva lepAya che-kharaDAya cheane baddha bane che. karma ja saMsAranuM mULa che. karma ja jIvanI prakRtti ane sAMsArika ghaTanAo ghaDe che. karmane abhAva eTale ja mukti. (12) kavAda ane svAtaMtrya AgaLa darzAvyA mujaba, karmavAda kriyA-pratikriyAne niyama che. sArI kriyAnuM sAruM ane kharAba kriyAnuM kharAba pariNAma acUka niSpanna thAya che ja. kamanI sattA atyaMta prabaLa ane abAdhita che. karma saMpUrNa svAdhIna che ane svayaM phaLa-pradAnazaktiyukta hevAthI karmaphaLaniyaMtA tarIke IzvaranI kaI avazyaktA nathI. kRta karma paripakava thatAM pote ja svabaLe phaLapradAna kare che. jIva anAdi kALathI karmaparaMparAmAM jakaDAyela che. purANuM karmone bhega ane nUtana karmabaMdhana anAdikALathI cAlyA kare che. jIva pitAnAM kRta karmo bhegave che

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176 jenadazana ane nUtana karmopArjana kare che. jI kRta karmaphaLa kaIka ne kaMIka svarUpe avazya bhogavavAM paDe che. AmAM koI vikalpa ke chaTakabArI nathI. zuM karmavAda niyativAda ke anivAryatAvAda che? zuM chava saMpUrNataH karmAdhIna che? zuM te tenI Atmazaktino upayoga karavA svataMtra nathI ? kriyAmAtra karmamUlaka hoya te jIvane potA para ke anya keI para adhikAra hoI zake kharo ? zuM tenI sArI ya kriyA svayaMsaMcAlita yaMtra jevI che? je jIvanAM purANuM karmo svayaM phaLapradAna karatA rahe ane tenI tatkAlIna nizcita karmAdhIna paristhiti mujaba nUtana karmabaMdha thatAM rahe ane A navAM karmo bhAvimAM tenuM phaLa pradAna karatAM rahe to karma paraMparA yaMtranI jema ja barAbara AgekUca karatI rahe ane pariName karmavAda niyativAda ke anivAryatAvAdamAM pariName ane vyaktinA jIvanamAM saMkalpa-svAtaMtrya ke svataMtratA mATe ke I avakAza rahe nahIM. niyativAda mujaba, je kArya kyAre thavAnuM hoya tyAre thAya che ja, ghaTanAmAtra niyata-pUrvanizcita che ane bhUtakALanI jema bhAvi paNa sunizcita ane aphara che. A niyati ke bhavitavyatA che. karma ane bhavitavyatA eka nathI, be vacce tAvika bheda che je sAmAnya rIte khAsa kAraNa vinA akasmAte bane te bhavitavyatA -bhAvibhAva-niyati che. A jIvanI pragatimAM rukAvaTa kare che. karmavAda niyativAda nathI. jIvakRta karmaphaLa bheganI bAbatamAM parataMtra che. paraMtu nUtana karmopArjananI bAbatamAM amuka hada paryata svataMtra che-te tene rokI zake che eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu pUrvakRta karmone amuka hada paryata jaldIthI ke vilaMbathI bhogavI paNa zake che. A rIte jIva karma karavAnI bAbatamAM saMpUrNataH parAdhIna-parataMtra nathI paraMtu tene amuka hada paryata svAtaMtrya che kharuM. A rIte karmavAdamAM IcchA (saMka95)-svAtaMtrya mATe avakAza che khare. kama jIvanA saMka95-svAtaMtryane saMpUrNa rIte lepa karatuM nathI. mAnavI pitAnAM kAryo dvArA pitAnuM bhAvi nirmANa karI zake che. tenAmAM pitAnA mArgonI pasaMdagI mATenuM svAtaMtrya che. jema jema tenA svAtaMtryane AvRtta karatA aMtarAye nirbaLa thatA jAya tema tema tenA svAtaMtryamAM vRddhi thatI jAya che. karmavAda nirapekSa svAtaMtryavAda ('icche te kare' evo siddhAMta) nathI. eka bAjue niyativAda ane bIjI bAjue nirapekSa svAtaMtryavAda e baMne AtyaMtika siddhAMta che. karmavAda A benI vaccene madhyamamArgI siddhAMta che. A siddhAMta mujaba, vyakti na to saMpUrNataH svataMtra ke parataMtra che; te aMzataH svataMtra ane

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jaina nItizAsa zata: parataMtra che. ahIM amuka aMze mAnavaprayAsanI mahattA ane mUlyanA svIkAra che. zrI je. ela. jenI samucita rIte darzAve che tema anya kAI karatA jaina darzana mAnavIne nirapekSa dhArmika svAta Mtrya ane mukti vizeSa bakSe che. ApaNe karelAM karmo ane phaLa vacce kaMIpaNa AvI zake nahIM. karmAM ekavAra karatAM te ApaNA mAlikA bane che. ane phaLa-pradAna kare che ja. jema mAruM svAtaMtrya mahAna che tema mArI javAbadArI tenI sAthe samavyApta che. huM icchuM tema jIvI zakuM; paraMtu mArI pasaMdagI aphara che ane huM tenA pariNAmeAmAMthI chaTakI zake nahIM.''1 Ama, jaina kanasaddhAMtamAM sapa-svAtaMtrya mATe pUratA avakAza che. kanA khyAla ane saMka9pa-svAtaMtryanA khyAla paraspara virAdhI nathI. kama jIvAtmAnuM vAtAvaraNa nizcita kare che. paraMtu jIvAtmA viziSTa paristhiti, sa Mjoga ke vAtAvaraNamAM pAta pasaMda karela rItathI pratikriyA karavA saMpUrNa rIte muktasvataMtra che. A jaina karma-siddhAMtanuM hArda che. Ama, jaina phavAda saMkalpa- svAtaMtryavAda sAthe taddana susa Mgata che. (11) kavAda ane sarvajJatA karma -siddhAMta ane sarvajJatA-siddhAMta vacce gADha sabudha che. karmo ke karmIphaLamAM mAnanArA sarvesarvajJatAna! siddhAMtamAM mAne che. vyutpattizAstranI dRSTie, 'sarvana' ane 'sarvananA' jJa (ga'nafta / / =jANavuM e parathI, udbhavela che. ma sarvanA'nA artha je sa jANe che te' thAya che. ane sanatAne artha 'sarvanuM jJAna' evA thAya che. 177 jaina darzanamAM AtmA kendriya tattva che ane te jJAna, nItimattA ane AdhyAtmika prayAse!nI bhUmikA che. te tattvataH nAtA-zreSDa jJAtA che. agni ane garamInI jema, AtmA ane jJAnane ekabIntathI alaga pADI zakAya nahIM. te ekabIjAnI sAthe samavyApta che. paraMtu AtmAnuM A jJAna lakSaNa ka-pudgala sAthe tenA sAyujya-kALa daramyAna aspaSTa rahe che, nAza pAmatuM nathI. jJAnAvaraNu karmanA sa MpUrNa kSaya thatAM tene tenI mULa bhavyatA prApta thAya che. ahIM" taddana sIdhu sAdu tarkazAstra che. jANavu jJAna meLavavu e AtmAnA svAbhAva che. jJAtA(AtmA) 1 Jaini, J. L., Outlines of Jainism, p. 3-4, 2 kuMdakuMdAcArya, pravacanasAra, 1, 23-25. je. 12

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178 jainadarzana ane jJAna vacce keI aMtarAya na hoya tyAre svAbhAvika rIte ja jJAna sarvAga saMpUrNa bane che. AnI samajUtI arthe vividha sAdone upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. zrI haribhadra nIcenA lokapriya sadasyane upayoga kare che. jyAre aMtarAya na hoya tyAre jema agni baLataNane bALe che tevI rIte jyAre sarva aMtarA dUra thAya che tyAre Atma savaM kaMI jANe che. 1 akalaMka A ja bAbatane spaSTa karavA mATe niSedhaka sadasyane upayoga kare che. jevI rIte dhULathI AcchAdita ratna tenuM svAbhAvika te ja pratibiMbita karatuM nathI tevI rIte jJAnAvaraNa karma vagerethI AvRtta AtmA sarva kaMI jANatA nathI." A rIte karmavAdanI paribhASAmAM sarvajJatA AtmAnA ghAtI karma kSaya bAda prApta thAya che. sarvajJAtAne khyAla AtmAnA svarUpanA siddhAMtanA AdhAre paNa nipanna karI zakAya. AtmA sarva-prahaNa sAmarthyayukta che ane tethI, jyAre tenuM AvaraNa dUra thAya che tyAre kaMIpaNa ajJAta rahetuM nathI. pratyeka AtmA tenI mULa sthitimAM sarvajJatA ke zuddha jJAna dharAve che. sarvajJatA AtmAnI mULa temaja mukta baMne sthitimAM AtmAnuM lakSaNa che. jo ke AtmA karyA che ane jJAna karaNa (sAdhana) che, to paNa A baMne vaccenA bheda Avazyaka nathI. temane saMbaMdha AMkha ane dRSTi vaccenA saMbaMdha samAna che. jJAna AtmAnI svAbhAvika ane viziSTa lAkSaNikatA che. sarvajJatA AtmAnuM sahaja suSupta lakSaNa che. ghAtI karma-pugalanA saMpUrNa rIte nAza dvArA AvaraNa dUra thatAM AtmAnuM A suSupta lakSaNa mUrtimaMta thAya che. A rIte jJAnavihoNe kaI AtmA nathI ane AtmAvihoNuM kaI jJAna nathI. vAstavamAM jJAna ane AtmA ekarUpa che. AtmA jJAtA che, jJAna atmAmAM nihita che ane sarvajJatA zreSTha jJAna che. sarvottatAne kevaLa jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke te IndriyothI svataMtra che ane sarva padArthonuM jJAna che. te sarva prakAranA jJAnathI bhinna che. sarvajJatA AtmAnA janmajAta svarUpanI pUrNa abhivyakti che. ahIM sarvakaInuM jJAna thAya che ane kaMIpaNa ajJAna rahetuM nathI. sarvajJatA sarva-sthaLa-kALa mATe sarva padArthonuM (temanA sarva guNa temaja paryAya sameta) sIdhuM pratyakSIkaraNa che-sAcuM ane yathArtha jJAna che. te mAtra (suSupta) jJAna nathI, paraMtu mUrtimaMta-vAstavika jJAna che. te anumAna 1 haribhadra, gabiMdu, pR. 431. 2 akalaMka nyAya-vinizcaya, 23, 445-466. 3 uttarAyana sUtra, 28, 10, 11.

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jaina nItazA jevuM parAkSa jJAna nathI, kAraNake te zakAtIta ane nizcita che. te Indriya-pratyakSa jevu pratyakSa jJAna paNa nathI, kAraNake te sthaLa-kALanI maryAdAethI para che. te indriya-pratyakSa jevuM sIdhuM, viziSTa ane tatkAlIna jJAna che, paraMtu te indriya-padArtha santika (sabaMdha) para AdhArita nathI. sarvajJa bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSyanAM sarve dravyo temanA sarva guNNA ane paryAya sahita pratyakSarIte jANe che. te bhUta ane bhAvine vamAna tarIke nahIM para Mtu bhUta ane bhAvi tarIke ja nihALe che. tene mATe kaI paNa ajJAta nathI. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya. sanatAnA astitvanI sAbitI mATe nIcenI tArkika klIla kare che : jJAnanA kramika vikAsanI aMtima pariNatinI AvazyaktAnI sAbitImAMthI sanatAnI sAbitI niSpanna thAya che.1" A darzAve che ke jJAnanA kramika pragatizIla vikAsa sarvajJanA astitvanA pAyA che. jJAnanI judI judI kakSAe hoya che ane sarvajJatA jJAnanI paripUrNatA che. jJAnanI zreSThatAnI kakSAenA AvikArAnI kayAMka pariti thavI ghaTe, kAraNake A ja sarva pragatinI rIta-tarIko che. tI kara mahAvIre lAMbI tapazcaryAnA a Mte sarvajJatA prApta karI hatI ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. ku dauM dAcA sarvajJatAne judI rIte samaje che. temanA mate sattAnu arthaghaTana judAM judAM dRSTibiMduone anulakSIne judI judI rIte nIce pramANe karI zakAya : jAnAdi padi sabbaM vyavahAra naeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalanANI jAnAdi passadi niccham naeNa AttANam // 17 vyavahAra nayanA (vyAvahArika) dRSTibiMduthI, sarvajJa padArtha mAtrane jue-jANe che; nizcaya nayanA (vAstavika) daSTi duthI satta mAtra potAnA AtmAne ja juejANuM che. kuMdakuMdAcAya vyAvahArika dRSTibiMdune aparyApta ane avAstavika mAne che ane jJAna pratyenA AMtarika vAstavika abhigamane svIkAre che. aSTapAhuDa, samayasAra, paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra jevA jaina graMthe! paNa sanatAne AtmajJAna ke Atma -sAkSAtkAra sAthe ekarUpa mAne chera ahIM jAvu eTale sAkSAtkAra thavA. Atma-jJAna tarIkenuM sajJatAnuM A artha ghaTana upaniSadanI vicAradhArA jevu che. 1 hemacaMdra, pramANumImAMsA, saM. sukhalAlajI soMdhavI, 1, 1.16 2 ku dauM dAcAya, niyamasAra, prakaraNa 10, 11, gAthA 149, 150, 158.

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jainadarzana yogIndu paNa kahe che, jyAre AtmA jJAta thAya che tyAre sakaMI jJAta thAyache. ''1 Atma-sAkSAtkAra jJAnanA baLe thAyache. 180 paMDita sukhalAlajInA mate paNu prArabhamAM sattatAnA artha Adhyatmika sAkSAtkArane sahAyabhUta sakaMInu jJAna" evA thatA hatA. AcArAMgasUtramAM kahyuM che: je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai / je savvaM ANai se egaM jANai || "je kAI ekane jANe che te sakaMI jANe che ane je sakaI jANe che te ekane jANe che." guNaratna eka prAcIna jaina kArikA TAMke cheH eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena daSTaH / maiM mAyAH sUyA tema tyAH| sarva bhAvAH sarvathA yena daSTAH / jo mayaH sUryA tena rada: | je kAI ekane saMpUrNa rIte jANe che te saghaLu jANe che; ane je sadhaLu jANe che te ja saMpUrNa rIte ekane jANe che. ahIM ApaNe e noMdhavuM joIe ke jyAre sarvajJatAne eka padArthanA, AtmAnA, Avazyaka siddhAMtAnA ke siddhAMtAnA jJAna tarIke samajavAmAM Ave che tyAre sarvajJatA' zabdanI vAstavika, mULa arthanA leApa thAya che ane tenu kSetra maryAdita banI rahe che. taduparAMta, jJAna AMtarasa MbaMdhita akhilAI (samagra) che ane tethI jyAM sudhI vyakti sarva padArtho jANe nahIM tyAM sudhI te Avazyaka ane anAvazyaka vacce bheda pADI zake nahI. samApana AgaLa darzAvyA mujaLa, jaina ka vAdamAM sa ka9pa-svAta ane paryApta avakAza che, parantu sana ane sanatAnAM jaina khyAla sa kapa-svAtaMtryanA khyAla sAthe 1 yArdu, paramAtmaprakAza, 2 AcArAMgasUtra 1, 3, 4, 122. 3 guNaratna, SaGadarzana-samuccaya TIkA rR. 87. ane jekAkhI jaina sUtro (sekre buksa auph dhI IsTa), bhA. 1, pR. 34.

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jaina nItizAstra 181 baMdhabesata thatuM nathI. je mAnavInA bhAvi kAryo sarvane pahelethI jJAta hoya te saMka95 svAtaMtrya ke saichika kArya arthahIna banI jAya. vartamAna, bhUta ane bhaviSyanA sarve padArthonuM tene sarve paryA sahitanuM jJAna sarvasane hoya che ane tethI pratyeka jIvAtmA zuM karaze tenuM jJAna pahelethI sarvajJane che. AthI ahIM prazna e uddabhave che ke zuM jIva potAnI pasaMdagI (je sarvane pahelethI ja jJAta che te) mATe mukta che kharA ? je sarvasanuM astitva hoya to koIpaNa mAnava-kArya kadI paNa mukta ke vairichaka rahe nahIM. keI mAnavI pApanuM AcaraNa karavAnuM che evuM pUrvajJAna sarva ne hoya te pachI te anivArya rIte tema karaze ja paraMtu AvI AvazyaktA, pApa karavAnI svaicchika pasaMdagI mATe kaI avakAza rahevA detI nathI. je pahelethI-agAuthI jJAta hoya te Avazyaka che. A niyativAda che. Ama, sarvajJatAne khyAla jIvAtmAnA pasaMdagI-svAtaMtrya sAthe susaMgata nathI. - je evI dalIla karavAmAM Ave ke vyakti sarvajJanA tenA kArya aMgenA pUrvajJAnane lIdhe kArya karatI nathI paraMtu vyakti pitAnI icchA mujaba kArya kare che ane sarva ne tenuM pUrvajJAna (?) thAya che; te A kissAmAM sarvajJanuM jJAna mAnava-kArya dvArA niyata thatA atyaMta vicitra ane bedI paristhiti sarjAze ane A sarvajJanI saMkalpanAnA saMdarbhamAM svIkArya banI zakaze nahIM. AthI ahIM sarvajJanI sarvajJatA ke mAnava saMkalpa-svAtaMtrya e be vikamAMthI ekanI pasaMdagI anivArya banI rahe che. 8, guNazreNI ke guNasthAnane siddhAMta athavA AtmavikAsa ke AdhyAtmika vikAsanAM saMpAne (Doctrine of States of Virtue or Stages of Spiritual Deveiopment) jaina darzana guNasthAnanI cauda zreNIo darzAve che. guNasthAna eTale guNanI sthiti-avasthA. ahIM "guNa" (virtue) zabdano artha sAmAnya naitika guNa thata nathI paraMtu tene artha AtmavikAsane aMza thAya che. AtmA vikAsanAM A coda sopAne dvArA kramazaH AdhyAtmika pUrNatA siddha kare che-Atmazuddhine anubhava kare che-saMpUrNa karmabaMdhAvasthAmAMthI kramazaH saMpUrNa karmamuktAvasthA siddha kare che. AdhyAtmika vikAsane vyAvahArika paribhASAmAM cAritrya-vikAsa paNa kahI zakAya. mAnavInA Atmika guNenuM pratibiMba tenA cAritra para paDe che. cAritranI

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jainadarzana 182 vividha Aone AdhAre AArthAtmaka vikAsanI bhUmikAe avasthAe-se pAnAnu sahaja rIte ja anumAna karI zakAya. Atmika guNAnA vikAsanI kramika avasthAe guNasthAnA che. ratnatryasiddhAMtanI paribhASAmAM, AdhyAtmika pUrNutA aMte tA AtmA-jIvAtmAnA samyag darzana-jJAna-cAritranA vikAsamAM nihita che. pratyeka AtmAmAM A 'ratnatrayI' siddha karavAnI zakti aMtarnihita che, paraMtu aMtarnihita (bIjasvarUpa) zakti kramazaH mUrtimata thAya che--prakaTa thAya che ane te paNa vyaktinI peAtAnI pahela dvArA ja thAya che. jainAcAranAM caturdaza seApAnA ke jaina cAritranI sIDI-nIsaraNI--nA cauda pagathiyAM ke AdhyAtmika yAtrAnA vividha seApAnA nIce mujaba cheH 1. mithyAdaSTi guNasthAna, 2. sAsAdana (alpakAlIna samyag dRSTi) guNasthAna, 3. mizra guNasthAna, 4. avirata samyag dRSTi guNasthAna, 5. derzAvati samyag dRSTi guNasthAna, 6. pramatta sa Myata guNasthAna, 7. apramatta sayata guNasthAna, 8. nivRtti ke apUva karaNa guNasthAna, 9. anivRtti ke sthULa kaSAya guNasthAna, 10. sUkSma kAya guNasthAna, 11. upazAMta kAya (mAha) guNasthAna 12. kSINu kaSAya (mAla) guNasthAna 13. sadaiva (sayogI) kevaLI guNasthAna, 14. vide (ayogI) kevaLI guNasthAna. sAdhakane A sIDIonA pagathiyA caDhavAM-UtaravAM paDe che. AtmazaktinA jJAnAvaraNa, danAvaraNu, meAhanIya ane aMtarAya e cAra prakAranA AvaraNAmAM meAhanIya AvaraNa mukhya che. A AvaraNanI tIvratA -maMdatA para anya AvaraNAnI tIvratA-maMdatA nirbhara che. AthI ja guNasthAnAnI vyavasthA meAhazaktinI tIvratA-maMdatA para savizeSa AdhArita che. mAhanA mukhya be svarUpA che : 1. dana meAhanIya ane 2. cAritra meniIya. prathama prakAra AtmAne samyakatva (yathA tA-vivekazIlatA)thI dUra rAkhe che, tene lIdhe vyaktinI bhAvanA, vicAra, dRSTi, ci Mtana ke zraddhA samyak thaI zakatI nathI. bIjo prakAra AtmAne vivekapUrNa AcaraNa karavA detA nathI. samyak dRSTinI upasthitimAM paNa cAritra meAnIyane lIdhe vyaktinI pravRti samyak arthAt nirdoSa thaI zakatI nathI. A rIte, meAhanu AvaraNa vyaktine samyak vicAra prApta karavAthI temaja samyag AcAra prati pravRta thavAthI dUra rAkhe che. have ApaNe eka pachI eka cauda guNasthAne aMge joIzuM. 1. mithyA-druSTi guNasthAnaH eka arthamAM joIe te| A AtmAnI pUrNatAyAtrAmAM vAstavamAM seApAna ja nathI. te sIDInuM sauthI taLiyAnuM pagathiyuM che. AtmA A tabakkAmAM

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jaina nItizAstra 193 AdhyAtmika aMdhatAyukta che. vyaktinI vicAraNA ahIM samyag vicAra ane AcArathI vaMcita che. A AtmAnI nikRtam (adhama) avasthA che. AmAM meAhanI prabaLatama sthitine lIdhe vyaktinI AdhyAtmika sthiti atyaMta nimna kakSAe che. vyakti mithyA daSTi arthAt viparIta zraddhAne lIdhe rAga-dveSane kAraNe adhyAtmika ke tAttvika sukhathI vaMcita rahe che. Ama, A guNanu mukhya lakSaNa mithyAdarzana ke mithyA zraddhA che. ahIM asamyag jJAnamAM vidhAyaka zraddhA che ane darzanAvaraNa karma vyaktinA satya-inkAra ane asatya-svIkAra mATe javAbadAra che. TrakamAM A mithyA daSTinu seApAna che. prANImAM Atma-kalyANa sAdhanAnA mArga aMgenI sAcI dRSTinA abhAva hoya, khATI samaja ke ajJAna hoya, bhrama pravartatA hoya tyAre te A prathama zreNImAM hoya che. AmAM samyag darzananuM prakaTIkaraNa na thayu hovAthI te mithyA dRSTi guNasthAna che. Ama te vAstavamAM guNasthAna nathI paraMtu te samyag dana prati laI janArA sadguNNAnA prAkaTacanI prAthamika bhUmikA che. A guNa mATenu utthAna thatu hovAnI dRSTie, adhama sthitimAMthI upara UDavAnI zakayatA-saMbhavitatAnI dRSTie praNa guNasthAna che. 2. sAsAdana (alpakAlIna samyak daSTi) guNasthAnaH A guNasthAna sAmAnya rIte prathama seApAnanI utkrAMti tarIke nahIM para Mtu uccatara seApAna-bhUmikAmAMthI patana (avanati)nA pariNAma tarIke manAya che. te samyag darzananI prApti bAda krAdha va. kaSAyonA udaya thatAM samyaktvathI avanata thavAnA samaya Ave che. A guNusthAna samyagdarzanathI ajJAna meAhamAM kai mithyAtvamAM patanarUpa che. A guNasthAna kSaNa mAtranuM che ane tethI tene apakAlIna samyag daSTi kahevAmAM Ave che. sAsAdana (sa+AsAdana) zabda maT (zithila thavu, DhIlu paDavuM) dhAtu parathI udbhavela che. sAyana Tu dhAtunuM preraka kRdaMtarUpa che. mAyana eTale zithila karanAra, brAhma'. sAthe lAgeke 'A' e ja arthanI vRddhi darzAve che. Ama AA-kAna (pADanAra)thI eTale ke samyakatvane gALI nAkhanAra evA tIvra krodha 1. kaSAyathI yukta te mAghAna (n+mAmA).sisodAna guNasthAnabhUmi tIvra krodha 1. kAyArUpa hoI patana karanAra che-samyag darzanane raphe daphe karanAra che. A avasthAmAM samyaktvanA ati alpakAlIna AsvAda thavAne lIdhe ane sAsvAdana (AsvAdanayukta) samyag dRSTi guNasthAna paNa kahevAmAM Ave che AmAM AtmAne samyaktvanA mAtra svAda cAkhavA maLe che, pUrA rasa prApta thatA nathI.

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184 3. mizra (samyak-mithyA draSTi) guNasthAna : tRtIya guNasthAna AtmAnI samyag dRSTi (samyaktva) ane mithyAdaSTi (mithyAtva) baMnenA mizraNarUpa avasthA che. mizrita avasthAne lIdhe, AtmAmAM tattva-atatvanA yathArtha viveka karavAnI kSamatA hotI nathI. te tattvane tattva samajavAnI sAthe ja atattvane paNa tattva samajavA lAge che. Ama A guNasthAnamAM vyaktinI vivekazaktinA pUrNa vikAsa thayA hotA nathI. A guNasthAnanI A DAlAyamAna avasthA dIrgha kALaparyaMta cAlu rahetI nathI, para Mtu gheADA vakhata mATe ja haoNya che. AmAM sthita AtmA jaldIthI potAnI tatkAlIna paristhiti mujaba kAM aa mithyAtva-avasthA athavA tA samyaktva-avasthA prApta karI le che. A guNasthAnanu nAma mizra arthAt samyaka-mithyA daSTi che. jainadazana 4, avirata (samyag daSTi guNasthAna) : A guNasthAna AtmavikAsanI mULa AdhArabhUmi che. AtmAnI A avasthAmAM mAhanI zithilatAne lIdhe samyak zraddhA arthAt sat-asatA viveka tA hoya che para Mtu samyag cAritranA abhAva hoya che. AmAM vicAra-zuddhi vidyamAna che. paraMtu AcArazuddhi vidyamAna che. ahIM Atma-zistanuM AcaraNa nathI. mithyA dRSTi ane samyag dRSTi vaccenA bheda ahIM jAI laIe. mithyA daSTimAM dhArmika bhAvanA hotI nathI, temAM prANIo sAthe ekatA ke samAnatA anubhavavAnI sati hotI nathI. anya sAthenA teno saMba Mdha svArthanA ke badlA levAnA hoya che. mithyA daSTi dhArmika dRSTie pApa gaNAtu hoya tene pApa samajatA nathI; bhautika sukha pAchaLa tenI dATa hovAthI pApa-puNya bheda tene svIkAryAM nathI. te kAInuM bhalu kare teA paNa svArtha, pakSapAta ke kRtajJatAne lIdhe karatA hoya che. samyag dRSTi dha bhAvanAyukta ane AtmadRSTiyukta hoya che. te AtmakalyANu dizAmAM yathAzakti pravartatA hoya che. te anyanA AtmAne potAnA AtmA samAna hovAnI zraddhA dharAve che. cit saMjogavazAt khATu thatAM tenA aMtarAtmA tene mATe Dakhe che ane te mATe tene pazcAtApa thAya che. tenAmAM svAbhAvanA, anukaMpA ane baMdhutvabhAva paNa hoya che. 5. phrezavirati samyag dRSTi guNasthAnaH A guNasthAnamAM vyaktinI AtmazaktinA savizeSa vikAsa thAya che. te pUrNa svarUpe samyag cAritranI ArAdhanA karI zakatI nathI. paraMtu dRzata: arthAta

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jenA nItizAstra 185 azataH tenI ArAdhanA avazya kare che. A avasthAmAMnI vyakti upAsaka ke zrAvaka kahevAya che. zrAvakanI AMzika cAritra-sAdhanA aNuvrata nAmathI oLakhAya che. aNuvratane artha sthaLa, nAnA ke AMzika niyama cAritra thAya che. aNuvatI zrAvaka saMpUrNa rIte ke sUkSmatApUrvaka samyagU cAritranuM pAlana karavA samartha nathI, paraMtu maryAdita arthamAM cAritra-pAlana kare che. te sthaLa hiMsA, asatya va. ne tyAga karIne pitAne vyavahAra calAvatA calAvatA yatkiMcit AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kare che. A avasthAmAM AMzika Atma-zista vidyamAna che. 6. pramatta saMyata athavA sarvavirati guNasthAna : A avasthAmAM sAdhaka saMpUrNa rIte samyagU cAritranI ArAdhanAne prAraMbha kare che ane tenuM vrata mahAvrata kahevAya che ane te zramaNa kahevAya che. Ama chatAM A avasthAmAM sthita sAdhakanuM cAritra sarvathA vizuddha hotuM nathI. arthAta temAM keIka prakArane deSa hoya che. ahIM pramAda (ALasa) va. deSonI thoDIghaNI saMbhAvanA rahe che ane tethI A guNasthAnanuM nAma pramatta-saMta rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. sAdhaka pitAnI AdhyAtmika paristhiti mujaba A bhUmikAthI nIce paDe che athavA te upara paNa caDhe che. mahAvratI sAdhujananuM A guNasthAna che. 7. apramatta saMyata guNasthAna : A guNasthAnamAM sthita sAdhaka pramAda va. doSarahita banIne Atma-sAdhanAmAM rata rahe che ane tethI A apramatta saMyata guNasthAna kahevAya che. A avasthAmAMnA sAdhakane pramAdajanya vAsanAo ekadama cheDI detI nathI. teo tene vacce vacce parezAna kare che. pariNAme te pramAdavasthA ane apramAdavasthA vacce jholA khAte rahe che. A rIte sAdhakanI nAva chaThThA ane sAtamA guNasthAna vacce DolatI rahe che. 8. nivRtti athavA apUvakaraNa guNasthAna: A guNasthAnamAM sAdhakane apUrva Atma-pariNAmarUpa zuddhi arthAta pahelAM kadI prApta na thayela viziSTa AtmaguNazuddhi prApta thAya che. cAritra mehanIya karmane upazama ke kSaya karavAnI apUrve (pahelAM prApta nahIM thayela) kriyA (karaNa-adhyavasAya) A guNusthAnamAM prApta thAya che. tethI A guNasthAna apUrvakaraNanA nAme

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196 jainadarzana oLakhAya che. tenuM khIjuM nAma nivRtti gusthAna paNa che, kAraNa ke temAM bhAvAnI arthAt adhyavasAyonI viSaya-abhimukhatA-karIne viSaye prati javAnI kriyA- vidyamAna hoya che. ahIM AtmA evI Atmika zakti prApta kare che ke je dvArA te karmanI tIvratA ane gALeA ghaTADI zake che. 9, anivRttikaraNa athavA sthULakaSAya guNasthAna : dRzya, zruta bhAgya viSayanI AkAMkSAnA abhAvamAM A "guNusthAnamAM adhyavasAyA(AtmapariNAmA-kriyAe)nI viSayAbhimukhatA hotI nathI, arthAt bhAva puna: viSayo prati jatA nathI. A rIte bhAvA-adhyavasAyA-nI anivRttine lIdhe A guNasthAnanuM nAma anivRttikaraNa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. A guNasthAnamAM AtmA sthULa (bAdara) kaSAyenA upazamana ke kSapaNumAM tatpara rahe che tethI tene anivRtti bAdara (sthULa) sa MparAya (kaSAya) guNasthAna paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. 10. sUkSma kaSAya guNasthAna: A guNasthAnamAM mAtra eka lAbha (rAga)nA sUma aMza bAkI rahe che, jyAre anya kAyAnA upazama ke kSaya thaI gayA hoya che. 11, upazAMta kaSAya (mAha) guNasthAna : A guNasthAnamAM sAdhakanA sarva kaSAyo upazAMta thaI (mAI) jAya che. tethI A guNasthAnane upazAMta kaSAya ke meAhanuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che. A zreNI sudhI paheAMcelAne mAhanA TakA lAgavAthI ekadama nIce paDavAnuM thAya che ane tethI ja jIvAne caDatA-caDatA jarApaNu pramAda na karavA cetavaNI ApavAmAM Avela che. 12. kSINa kaSAya (mAha) guNasthAna : A guNasthAnamAM dazamAM guNasthAnanA aMtamAM AkI rahela lAbhanA a Mtima avazeSanA nAza thAya che ane sAdhaka mAhathI sarvathA mukti prApta karI le che. A avasthAnuM nAma kSINukaSAya (mAha) guNasthAna che. A guNasthAnane prApta karanAra vyaktinuM kadI patana thatuM nathI e A guNasthAnanI vizeSatA che. 13. sadaiha mukti athavA sayAgI kaivalI guNasthAna: mehakSaya thatA jJAnAvaraNu, darzanAvaraNa ane meAhanIya karmInA paNu nAza thAya che. pariNAme AtmAmAM vizuddha jJAnajyoti prakaTe che. A tabakkAmAM kevaLajJAna

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jaina nItizAstra siddha thAya che. AtmAnI A avasthAnu nAma sayoga kevaLI guNasthAna che. kevaLInA artha che 'kavaLajJAna arthAt sarvathA vizuddha jJAnathI yukta. sayogInA artha che yoga arthAt kAyika vagere pravRttiothI yukta. je vizuddha jJAnI hAvA chatAM zArIrika pravRttiothI mukta hAtA nathI te sayogI dhruvaLI kahevAya che. ahIM mana-vayanakAyA-nI pravRtti cAlu rahe che. AtmA cAra adhAtI karmo (Ayu, nAma, gotra ane aMtarAya karmo)thI mukta nathI, Ayuka pUrNa thatAM anya karmonI asarA paNa baMdha thAya che. 14. videha mukti athavA ayAgI kevalI : A saMpUrNa muktinu seApAna che. A avasthAmAM jyAMkta apUrNatAnA sarva cinhothI mukta bane che ane cetanAnI vizuddhi mANe che. A samyag darzana-jJAna -cAritrya-nI pariNati che. vyakti astitvanA satyanA tenA pUrNa svarUpe sAkSAtkAra kare che. A bhUmikA gativihIna manAya che ane tenA gALA atyata TUM kA hoya che. A gALAne aMta, videha mukti siddha thAya che. 197 ayeAgI eTale sarvavyApAra (kriyA) rahita. kevalI ayAgI thatAM ja tenu zarIra chUTI jAya che ane te parama AtmA amRta, arUpI parama mukti dhAmane prApta kare che. A cAritra-vikAsa ke AtmavikAsanI carama avasthA che. ahIM AdhyAtmika vikAsa tenI parAkASThAe pahoMce che. AnuM nAma paramAtmapada svarUpasiddhi, mukti, nirvANu ke mekSa che. AmAM AtmAne anata ane abAdhita alaukika sukhanI prApti thAya che. muktAtmA tenI vyaktimatA gumAvatA nathI. tenuM vyaktigata astitva A avasthAmAM paNa jArI rahe che.

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198 upamahAra jaina darzananA A saMkSipta graMtha prAraMbhamAM ApaNane itihAsamAM DAkiyu karAvata-karAvatAM jaina tIrthaMkarA, tra the| ane 5thAnA paricaya Ape che ane AtmA tenA pUrNa svarUpamAM Izvara hovAnuM darzAve che. jaina tatvavijJAna tattvanA svarUpanA nirUpaNu uparAMta tattvanA tAttvika-naitika vargIkaraNAnI carcA kare che, tA jaina tarkazAstra jaina darzananI mahAna degI samA anekAMtavAda, nayavAda ane pratyakSa-parAkSa pramANunA paricaya Ape che. jaina jJAnamImAMsA jJAnanA svarUpa, prAmANya ane prakAreAnA khyAla Ape che, jyAre jaina manevijJAna mana, AtmA ane AtmAnA amaratva ane punarjanmanA siddhAMtAnI carcAvicAraNA kare che. chavA ane jIvavA do'-Live and let live'-nA sUtrane sAkAra karatuM jaina nItizAstra jainAcAra, karma-siddhAMta ane gurusthAnAnA paricaya Ape che. jaina darzana anya bhAratIya nAthI alaga svataMtra ane maulika vicAradhArA che. bhAratamAM te eka prabhAvazALI ane jIvaMta paribaLa che ane tethI bhAratIya vicAradhArA ane bhAratIya sAmAjika-sAMskRtika-sAhityika-rAjakIya-naitika jIvana para jaina prabhAva prati durlakSa karI zakAya tema nathI. jIvamAtranI samAnatA, jIvamAtra pratye AdarabhAva, vibhinna dRSTibiMdue vacce samanvaya same syAdvAda ane tyAga--vairAgya upadezatuM jaina nItizAstra vagere samakAlIna vizva mATe bilakula binamahattvapUrNa ke aprastuta nathI ja. jaina naitika siddhAMtA darzAve che ke A tattvajJAna jIvana prati AdarzanA vyAvahArika upayoga vyakta kare che. jaina nItizAstra vyaktine sAmAnya kakSAthI UMce uThAve che ane tene AcaraNanA atyaMta ucca naitika ane AdhyAtmika mArga dvArA satyanA jJAna ane AcaraNa mATe samartha banAve che. ApaNe haMmezAM e yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke satya eka nahIM paraMtu aneka che athavA tA satya aneka pAsAyukta che ane tenA para kAInA paNa ekAdhikAra nathI temaja satyaprAptinA aneka vaikalpika mArgo zakanya che. jainadana

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graMthasUci (Bibliography) 1. Akalanka, Nyaya Vinischaya, 2. Bhagavati Sutra. 3. Bhargava, Dayanand, Jaina Ethics, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi-7, 1968. 4. Bhattacharya, H., Anekantavada, Sri Jain Atmananda Sabha, Bhavnagar, 1953. 5. Bhattacharya, H. S., Reals in Jaina Metaphysics. 6. Dasgupta, S., A History of Indian Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 1922. 7. Glasenapp, Doctrine of Karma in Jain Philosophy, Bombay, 1942. 8. Gopalan, S., Outlines of Jainism, Wiley Eastem Pvt. Ltd., New-Delhi-49, 1973. 9. Mrs. Guseva, N. R., Jainism, Sindhu Publications Pvt. Ltd, Bombay-1, 1971. 10. Hemachandra, Pramana-mimamsa, ed. Pt. Sukhalalji (Eng. Tran, S. Mookerjee and N. M. Tatia). 11. Hiriyanna, M., Outlines of Indian Philosophy. George Allen & Unwin London. 12. Jacobi, H. (Ed.), Sutras, Pt. I. 13. Jacobi, H., Studies in Jainisin, Ed. by Jina Vijaya Muni, Jaina Sahitya Sanshodhak Karyalaya, Ahmedabad, 1946. 14. Jain, C. R., Fundamentals of Jainism, Veer Nirvan Bharati Meerut, (U. P.). 15. Jain, Padmanabh, The Jaina Path of Purification- Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi-7, 1979. Sacred Books of the East, Jaina

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190 16. Jaini, J. L., Outlines of Jainism, Cambridge Press, London, 1916. 17-21. Kundakunda, (i) Astapahuda (ii) Niyamasara (iii) Panchastikaya (iv) Pravachanasara (v)Samayasara. 22. Mallisena, Syadvada Manjari, Ed., A. B. Dhruva, 23. Malvania, D. (ed.), Nyayavatara-vartikavrtti 24. Manikyanandi, Pariksamukham. 25. Masharuwala, K, D., Buddha and Mahavira, (Gujarati), Navajivan, Ahmedabad, 1962. 30. 26. Mehta, Mohanlal, Outlines of Jaina Philosophy, Jain Mission Society, Bangalore-2, 1954. 27. Mehta, Mohanlal, Jaina Dharma-Darshan, (Hindi), P. V. Research Institute, Varanasi-5, 28. Mehta, Mohanlal, Jaina Psychology, P. V. Research Institute, Varanasi-5. 29. Mehta, Mohanlal, Jaina Culture, P. V. Research Institute, Varanasi-5. Nathamal Muni, Jaina Darsana ke Maulika Tattva, Part II, Nemichandra, Gommatasara : Jivakanda. 31. Nyayavijayji Munishri, Jaina Darshan (Gujarati), Shree Hemachandracharya Jaina Sabha, Patan, 1968. Padmarajiah, Y. J., A Comparative Study of the Jaina Theories of Reality and Knowledge, Jaina Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay-56, 1963. 33. Radhakrishran, S., Indian Philosophy, Vol. I, Allen and Unwin, 1956. 34. Ramjisingh, The Jaina Concept of Omniscience. 35. Schubring, W.,The Doctrine of the Jainas, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi-7. 36. Sinha, J. N., Indian Psychology. 37. Srutasagarsuri, Tattvarthavrtti (Hindi), Com. on Tattvar. thasutra) Ed. Maheshkumar Jain. 32. jainadana University

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graMthasUci 38. Stcherbastsky, Buddhist Logic. 39. Mrs. Stevenson, Sinclair, The Heart of Jainism, shiram Manoharlal, New Delhi-55, 1970. 40. Tatia, N. M., Studies in Jaina Philosophy, Jaina Cultural Research Society, Banaras-5, 1951. 191 41. Umaswami, Tattvartha Sutra. 42. The Uttaradhyana Sutra, S. B. E., XLV. 43. Warrens, H., Jainism, Ed., Nagin Shah, Vallabhsuri Smarak Nidhi Publication, Bombay-1, 1968. Mun

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lekhaka paricaya hAlAranI anihAsika bhUmi dhroLanA mULa nivAsI zrI viThThaladAsa BThArIne tyAM bhAratanA dariyA kAMThe madrAsamAM zrI jhaverIlAlane janma thaye. zikSaNagaMgAnA prathama vaheNu temaNe tamilanADunI bhUmimAM sAMbhaLyAM, temanA mAdhyamika zikSaNanI saravANIo saurASTramAM phUTI ane ucca zikSaNane prayAgama saMgama madrAsamAM thaze. jena vaNika parivAramAM peDhI dara peDhI cAlI AvatI darabArI amaladArI ane vyApArI paraMparAne navo moDa ApIne temaNe ucca zikSaNa kSetre padArpaNa karyuM. nAnapaNathI ciMtana-manana pratyenI abhirucine lIdhe, teo tattvajJAnanA viziSTAbhyAsa karavA prerAyA. tatvajJAnanA prAdhyApaka tarIkenI kArakirdIne prAraMbha DI. ke. vI. koleja -jAmanagaramAM karyA bAda, chellA 28 varSothI vividha sarakArI kolejo ( ema. ena. koleja-visanagara, gujarAta koleja-amadAvAda ane bahAudIna kaoNleja-junAgaDha)mAM tatvajJAnanA prAdhyApaka ane vibhAgIya adhyakSa tarIke temaNe sevA ApavA uparAMta gu. yu. temaja sau yu.nI tattvajJAna abhyAsa samitinA adhyakSa ane vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA sabhya tarIke paNa sevA Apela che. yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa dvArA prakAzita "Adhunika pAzcAtya tattvajJAna" (1973) ane vyavahAravAda (1974) ane gu.yu. dvArA prakAzita "nItizAstra' (1981) nAmaka temanAM pustako ane gu.yu. jarnala vidyAmAM ane anyatra prasiddha thayela temanA saMkhyAbaMdha abhyAsalekho ane ola iDiyA philosophikala kepharansanA bhinna bhinna sezanamAM vAMcela temanA "peparsamAM temanA vicAra ane vyavahAramAMnI maulika dhAraNAo pratibiMbita thatI jovA maLe che. A uparAMta paNa temaNe "mAnavIne dhama" "tarkazAstra' ane mane vijJAnanAM cAra pustake anya lekhakonA sAthamAM lakhyA che. temanAM sarva pustaka ane lekhane sAMpaDele sahadaya vAMcakone AvakAra prastuta graMthane paNa sAMpaDaze ja evI zraddhA che.

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pustaka paricaya prA. zrI jha. vi. koThArIkRta jainadarzana' jaina ItihAsa-tattvavijJAna-takazAstra-jJAnamImAMsA-manovijJAna-nItizAstra-nuM paddhatisara ane vyavasthita Alekhana che. graMthanI bhASA saraLa chatAM rocaka che ane tenI zailI rasaprada ane pravAhI che. A graMtha anya bhAratIya darzananA pariprekSamAM jainadarzananA bhinna bhina viSayanI carcAvicAraNA pramANabhUta jaina graMthA ane anya praziSTa graMthAnA AdhAre kare che ane tethI te snAtaka-anusnAtaka vidyArthIo ane prAdhyApakamitro uparAMta jaina tatvajJAnanA jijJAsu evA jaina-jainetara abhyAsIjanAne paNa upayogI ane sahAyabhUta thaze evI apekSA che. parAmarzakano abhiprAya | gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIonA abhyAsakramane anulakSIne prA. jhaverIlAla | vi. kAThArIe taiyAra karela "jainadarzana' graMthamAM jaina paraMparAnA itihAsa, tIrthaMkaro, sAhitya, saMpradAyanA talasparzI paricaya uparAMta jaina taravavijJAna -takazAstra-pramANamImAMsA-jJAnamImAMsA-manovijJAna-kamamImAMsA-nItizAstranI paddhatisara ane vyavasthita carcAvicAraNo jovA maLe che. prA. zrI kAThArInI viSayanI mAvajata, temanI saraLa chatAMya vadhaka bhASA, temanI rasaprada zailI ane sovazeSa te temanA vicAranI pAradarzaka rUpaSTatA ni:za ka5Ne dAda mAgI le che. teozrIe A graMtha-AlekhanamAM jaina mULa graMthA uparAMta anya pramANabhUta graMthAne lIdhela AdhAra temanI A viSayamAMnI abhiruci ane abhyAsazIlatA, parizrama ane parizIlananI pratIti karAve che. A graMtha sanAtaka-anusnAtaka vidyArthIone mATe te upayogI ane sahAyarUpa thaze ja eTaluM ja nahI paraMtu te jainadarzananA jaina ane jainetara jijJAsu janAne temaja vidvAnone paNa niHzakapaNe lAbhaprada thaze evI mane AzA che--zraddhA che. anya bhAratIya darzananA pariprekSamAM jainadarzananA viSayAMgone yathocita nyAya ApavA mATe prA. zrI koThArIe karela stutya prayAsa ane uThAvela jahemata badala teozrI mArA hArdika dhanyavAdanA adhikArI che. aMtamAM, temanA prati mArI zubhecchA vyakta karI hu ahIM viramuM chuM. -mohanalAla mehatA prophesara, janadarzana pUnA yunivarsiTI jainadarzana 2, 15-0 0 For Private Personal use only