Agarwal Jati Ka Prachin Itihas

Author(s): Satyaketu Vidyalankar
Publisher: Akhil Bharatvarshiya Marwadi Agarwal Jatiya Kosh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020021/1

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa CHIMIC satyaketu vidyAlaGkAra, DI. liTa. For Private and Personal Use Only

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itihAsa-sadana, naI dillI isa saMsthA ke uddezya nimnalikhita haiM-- (1) itihAsa, arthazAstra, rAjanIti, bhUgola, bhramaNa, tathA samAjazAstra viSaya kI upayogI tathA uccakoTi kI pustakeM prakAzita krnaa| (2) bhAratIya itihAsa ke vividha praznoM para vicAra kara naI khoja krnaa| (3) deza videza kI rAjanItika, Arthika, sAmAjika va anya samasyAoM para niSpakSapAta tathA vaijJAnika daSTi se vicAra karanA aura usake pariNAmoM ko pustakoM va patroM dvArA prakAzita krnaa| (4) vividha dezoM kI sabhyatA va saMskRti kA anuzIlana karanA, tathA isake liye bhArata tathA anya dezoM meM yAtrAoM kA saMgaThana karanA / koI bhI sajjana 1) praveza zulka dekara itihAsa-sadana ke sadasya bana sakate haiN| unheM sadana se prakAzita saba pustakeM va patra paune mUlya para pradAna kiye jaayeNge| zIghra hI itihAsa sadana ke sadasya banakara lAbha utthaaiye| For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa lekhaka maMgalAprasAda pAritoSika vijetA prophesara satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra, DI-liTa0 ( perisa ) ( akhila bhAratavarSIya mAravAr3I agravAla jAtIya koSa, bambaI dvArA prakAzita) milane kA patA itihAsa-sadana ema01, kanATa sarkasa naI dehlii| pahalA saMskaraNa / san 1938 | mUlya sajilda 3) / sAdhAraNa 2) For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakAzakaakhila bhAratavarSIya mAravAr3I agravAla jAtIya koSa, bmbii| mudrakadehalI kamarziyala presa, cAMdanI cauka, dehlii| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Agreya gaNa ( agravAla kula ) ke saMsthApaka, pRthaka vaMzakattA mahArAja agrasena tathA vaizyoM ke pravara', mantra draSTA rAjA mAMkIla kI puNya smRti meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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tava vaMze mahI sarvA pUritA ca bhaviSyati tava vaMze jAtivarNeSu kulanetA bhaviSyati adyArabhya kule.... 'tava nAmnA prasiddhyati agravaMzIyA hi prajAH prasiddhAH bhuvanatraye bhuji prasAdaM tava vaset nAnyasmai pratidApayet ( ? ) yena sA saphalA siddhirbhUyAt tava yuge yuge mama pUjA kule yasya so'pravaMzo bhaviSyati // ( mahAlakSmI kA rAjA agrasena ko AzIrvAda ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSaya sUci A rum 47 58 K 100 110 115 120 viSaya bhUmikA nivedana adhyAya 1 agravAla jAti agravAla-itihAsa kI sAmagrI agarohA aura usakI prAcInatA agravAloM kI utpatti Agreya gaNa ke saMsthApaka mahArAja agrasena rAjA agrasena kA vaMza agrasena kA kAla agrasena ke uttarAdhikArI agravAla jAti kA nAgoM se sambandha agravAloM ke gotra agarohA para videzI AkramaNa agarohA kA patana aura anta pariziSTa 1 mahAlakSmI vrata kathA uru caritam bhAToM ke gIta bhAratIya itihAsa ke vaizya rAjA madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti 6 phuTakara TippaNiyAM , 7 rAjA agrasena kA vaMza vRkSa sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci zabdAnukramaNikA .... // G 25 142 15 185 Rand 228 259 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA bhAratavarSa ke itihAsa meM jAtibheda kA prazna bar3A vikaTa hai / jAtiyoM kA yaha bheda bhArata meM kisa prakAra vikasita huvA, isakI vyAkhyA kara sakanA bar3A kaThina hai| bhArata ke atirikta anya dezoM meM isa DhaMga kA jAtibheda nahIM hai / jAtibheda kA vikAsa bhAratIya itihAsa kI eka mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA hai| isa viSaya para aneka vidvAnoM ne khoja karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| zrIyuta ivvaTsana, zrIyuta nesphIlDa, zrIyuta senAra, zrIyuta risale, zrIyuta kruka, zrIyuta iliyaTa aura zrIyuta enthovana inameM mukhya haiM / ina vidvAnoM ne bhArata kI vividha jAtiyoM ko zreNibaddha karane, unake vividha rIti rivAjoM ko saMgRhIta karane tathA unameM pracalita vividha anuzrutiyoM aura dantakathAoM ko ullikhita karane ke sambandha meM bar3A upayogI kArya kiyA hai| sAtha hI, jAtibheda ke vikAsa ke kyA kAraNa the, isa para bhI unhoMne vizada-rUpa se vicAra kiyA hai / para abhI isa sambandha meM bahuta kArya kI guJjAiza hai| yaha viSaya itanA vistRta aura jaTila hai, ki abhI isa para bahuta adhika kArya kI AvazyakatA hai| ___jAtibheda kI samasyA para vicAra karane kA eka bahuta acchA DhaMga yaha hai, ki hama eka eka jAti ko pRthak rUpa se leM, unameM jo kimbadantiyAM va anuzrutiyAM pracalita haiM, unakA saMgraha kareM / anya aitihAsika sAmagrI kA bhI upayoga kara usa eka jAti kI utpatti tathA vikAsa ke viSaya ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kreN| isa paddhati se kucha jAtiyoM ke itihAsa likhe bhI gaye haiM / para jaba taka bhArata kI adhikAMza jAtiyoM ke itihAsa isa paddhati se taiyAra na kara liye jAyeMge, jAtibheda kA prabha hala na ho skegaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa isa pustaka meM maiMne agravAla jAti ko liyA hai, usake sambandha meM jo bhI sAmagrI mila sakI, saba ko ekatrita kara maiMne isa jAti kI utpatti tathA vikAsa ke prazna para prakAza DAlane kA yatna kiyA hai / sAtha hI, prasaMgavaza kucha anya jAtiyoM kI utpatti para bhI vicAra kiyA hai, aura jAtibheda ke vikAsa ke sambandha meM apane kucha vicAra pragaTa kiye haiN| maiM yaha bhalI bhAMti jAnatA hUM, ki jAtibheda kA rUpa isa samaya bhArata meM bar3A vikRta hai / isa jAtibheda ne bhArata ke nivAsiyoM ke bIca meM eka taraha kI dIvAreM sI khar3I kI huI haiM, jinheM girAkara saba bhAratavAsiyoM ko eka karane tathA eka prakAra kI sAmAjika va rASTrIya ekatA sthApita karane kA prayatna bahuta se sudhAraka loga kara rahe haiN| aise kucha sudhAraka jAtIya itihAsoM ko pasanda nahIM karate / unakA khayAla hai, ki jAtIya itihAsoM se jAtIya vibhinitA kI bhAvanA ko protsAhana milatA hai, aura sudhAra ke kArya meM bAdhA par3atI hai| para merA vicAra yaha nahIM hai / maiM samajhatA hU~, ki jaisA mahAbhAratakAra ne kahA hai---itihAsa eka aisA pradIpa hai, jo moharUpI AvaraNa ko haTA kara saba vastuoM kA yathAvat rUpa sAmane lA detA hai, aura manuSyoM ko saccA jJAna karAne meM sahAyatA detA hai| jaba hama yaha samajha jAyeMge, ki bhArata meM jAtibheda kA vikAsa kaise huvA, to hamAre liye yaha samajhanA bhI sambhava ho jAyagA, ki jina paristhiyoM meM isa vizeSa saMsthA kA vikAsa huvA thA, unameM yadi parivartana A jAve, to isa saMsthA meM bhI parivartana AnA AvazyambhAvI hai| itihAsa kisI paddhati, saMsthA va vastu kA na pakSa letA hai, na usakA virodha karatA hai / itihAsa kA kArya vastu ke rUpa ko yathAvat prakAzita karanA hai| isase manuSyoM ko apanA bhAvI mArga nizcita karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| jAtibheda kA rUpa isa samaya cAhe kitanA hI vikRta ho, para merA yaha vicAra hai, ki bhAratIya itihAsa meM isa saMsthA kA bar3A mahatva hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA meM maiMne isa pustaka meM yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai, ki prAcIna kAla bhArata meM bahuta se choTe choTe rAjya the, jinheM gaNarAjya kahA jAtA thA / pratyeka gaNarAjya ke apane kAnUna, apane rItirivAja tathA apanI pRthak vizeSatAyeM hotI thiiN| jaba bhArata meM sAmrAjyavAda kA vikAsa huvA to ina gaNarAjyoM kI rAjanItika svataMtratA naSTa ho gii| zaizunAga, maurya, kuzAna Adi vividha vaMzoM ke samrAToM ke zAsana kAla meM ina gaNarAjyoM ke liye apanI rAjanItika sattA ko kAyama rakha sakanA asambhava ho, gayA / para sAmrAjyavAda ke isa vistRta kAla meM bhI ina gaNoM kI pRthak sAmAjika aura Arthika sattA kAyama rahI / bhArata ke samrAT sahiSNu the / isa deza ke nIti zAstra praNetAoM kI yaha nIti thI, ki ina gaNoM ke apane dharma, kAnUna, rItirivAja Adi ko na kevala sahA hI jAya, para unheM apane dharma, kAnUna, aura rItirivAja para kAyama bhI rakhA jAya / bhArata ke ye samrAT vividha vyaktiyoM ke samAna vividha gaNoM ko bhI una ke 'svadharma' para kAyama rakhanA apanA kartavya samajhate the / isakA pariNAma yaha huvA, ki gaNoM kI rAjanItika sattA naSTa ho jAne para bhI unakI sAmAjika pRthak sattA jArI rahI, isI se ve dhIre dhIre jAta birAdariyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gaye / prAcIna yUropa meM bhI bhArata ke hI samAna gaNarAjya the / para yUropa meM jaba sAmrAjyavAda kA vikAsa huvA to vahAM ke samrAToM ne gaNarAjyoM kI na kevala rAjanItika sattA ko hI naSTa kiyA, para sAtha hI unake dharma, kAnUna, rItirivAja Adi ko bhI naSTa kiyA / romana samrAT apane sAre sAmrAjya meM eka romana kAnUna jArI karane ke lie utsuka rahate the / bhAratIya samrAToM ke samAna ve sahiSNutA kI nIti ke pakSapAtI nahIM the / yahI kAraNa hai, ki yUropa ke gaNarAjya bhArata ke samAna jAta birAdariyoM meM pariNata nahIM ho sake / apane isa mantabya ko maiMne isa grantha meM vistAra se spaSTa kiyA hai / | For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 10 bhArata meM gaNarAjyoM ke jAta virAdariyoM ke rUpa meM vikasita hone kA pariNAma yaha huvA, ki itihAsa ke usa yuga meM jaba saMsAra meM kahIM bhI lokasattAtmaka zAsana kI sattA nahIM thI, saba jagaha ekacchatra samrATa zAsana karate the, yahAM bhArata meM sarvasAdhAraNa janatA apanA zAsana svayaM karatI thI, apane kAnUna svayaM banAtI thI, apane sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle mAmaloM kA nirNaya apanI birAdarI kI paMcAyata meM svayaM karatI thI / yadi rAjanItika dRSTi se ve kisI samrATa ke adhIna ho gaye, to anya dRSTiyoM se ve phira bhI svAdhIna rahe / sAmAjika va Arthika kSetra meM unakA garaNa aba bhI jIvita rahA / bhAratIya itihAsa kI yaha eka mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA hai, aura isakA zreya yahAM kI jAta birAdariyoM ko hI hai aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhane para yaha mAnanA par3egA, ki jAta birAdariyoM ne kisI samaya bar3A upayogI aura mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai / I mujhe AzA hai, ki merI isa pustaka se jAti bheda ke vikAsa para kucha nayA prakAza par3egA aura hamAre deza bhAiyoM ko apane deza kI eka prAcIna saMsthA ke vAstavika aitihAsika rUpa ko jAnane meM kucha sahAyatA milegI / I agravAla jAti kA jo yaha itihAsa maiMne likhA hai, use pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yaha itihAsa mukhyatayA sAhityika anuzruti ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai / agravAloM kA mUla nivAsa sthAna agarohA hai / vahAM agravAla loga sadiyoM taka rhe| unakI prAcIna kRtiyAM, agravazI rAjAoM ke smAraka- saba agarohA ke vistRta kher3e ke nIce dabe par3e haiN| yaha kher3A (khaNDaharoM kA Dhera ) 650 ekar3a meM vistRta hai / isa vistRta kher3e kI khudAI se avazya hI vaha Thosa sAmagrI upalabdha hogI, jisase sAhityika anuzruti kI satyatA kI jAMcA jA sakegA aura agravAloM kA vastutaH prAmANika itihAsa taiyAra kiyA jA sakegA / para yaha kArya kisI eka vyakti dvArA sampAdita nahIM ho sakatA / isa kArya ko yA to sarakAra For Private and Personal Use Only

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11 bhUmikA kara sakatI hai, aura yA koI sabhA va sosAyaTI kara sakatI hai| yadi merI isa pustaka se agravAla logoM meM agarohA kI khudAI karAkara apane prAcIna itihAsa kI Thosa sAmagrI prApta karane kI utkaNThA utpanna ho jAya, to maiM apane zrama ko saphala maanuuNgaa| ___isa itihAsa meM eka aura bhArI kamI hai| yaha agravAla jAti kA kevala prAcIna itihAsa hai / madhya tathA vartamAna kAla para isameM prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA / agravAloM meM jo bahuta sI upajAtiyAM haiM, unakA vikAsa va bheda kisa prakAra huvA, isakI vivecanA meMne nahIM kii| yaha viSaya apane Apa meM bar3e mahatva kA hai| isa para bahuta khoja kI AvazyakatA hai / agravAloM meM bahuta se bhAiyoM kI utkaTa icchA hai, ki isa sambandha meM khoja kI jAya aura vividha upajAtiyoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA jAya / maiM svayaM isa kArya kI mahattA ko svIkAra karatA huuN| yadi avakAza milA, to maiM svayaM isa kArya ko bhI sampAdita karane kA prayatna kruuNgaa| isa pustaka ke liye sAmagrI ekatrita karane meM mujhe bahuta se mahAnubhAvoM se sahAyatA prApta huI hai / meraTha ke zrI paM0 maMgaladevajI, kAzI ke DA0 motIcanda jI ema0 e0, pI0 eca0 DI0, bAbU lakSmIcanda jI aura DA0 maMgaladeva jI zAstrI ema0 e0 DI0, phila, mujaphpharanagara ke rAya bahAdura lAlA Ananda svarUpa jI sAhaba, masUrI ke kaipTina DA0 rAmacandra jI riTAyarDa sivilasarjana, palavala ke svargavAsI lAlA zivalAla jI, bhavAnI ke zrI lAlA melArAma jI vaizya aura hisAra ke zrI brahmAnanda brahmacArI Adi bahuta se mahAnubhAvoM ne merI isa kArya meM bar3I sahAyatA kI hai / una saba kA maiM hRdaya se dhanyavAda karatA huuN| ___ isa pustaka ko likhane meM perisa yUnivarsiTI ke vizvavikhyAta vidvAna zrI0 phUze, DA0 blAka aura pro0 renU se mujhe bahuta se mahatvapUrNa nirdeza mile haiM / inakA maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa yaha pustaka pahale phreMca meM likhI gaI thii| merI phreMca pustaka kI bhASA sudhArane meM jo zrama saMskRta kI parama viduSI zrImatI zUpAka ne kiyA, use maiM kabhI nahIM bhulA sktaa| __ isa itihAsa ko hindI meM likhane meM merI jIvana-sahacarI zrImatI suzIlA devI jI zAstriNI ne bar3A zrama kiyA hai| phreMca pustaka kA Adhe se adhika bhAga unhoMne hI hindI meM anUdita kiyA hai| unake prayatna ke binA yaha itihAsa itanI zIghra kabhI taiyAra na ho sktaa| anta meM, maiM bambaI ke akhila bhAratavarSIya mAravAr3I agravAla jAtIya koSa tathA kalakattA ke zrI0 seTha bhagIrathamala jI kAnoDiyA tathA zrI0 seTha sItArAma jI sekasariyA kA hRdaya se dhanyavAda karatA huuN| agravAlaitihAsa kI khoja ke kArya meM inhoMne merI dila kholakara sahAyatA kii| mujhe AzA hai ki agravAla bandhu isa pustaka kA Adara kareMge / jAti bheda kA viSaya bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai, ataH anya vidvAnoM ke liye bhI isakA kucha na kucha upayoga avazya hogA, yaha merA vicAra hai| satyaketa vidyAlaMkAra For Private and Personal Use Only

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nivedana agravAla jAti kA koI bhI prAmANika itihAsa aba taka prApta nahIM thA / isakI AvazyakatA dera se anubhava kI jArahI thii| kaI mahAnubhAvoM ne agravAla itihAsa para choTI choTI pustakeM prakAzita bhI kIM, para janatA ko inase santoSa nahIM huvA / ye pustakeM prAyaH sarvasAdhAraNa meM pracalita kimvadantiyoM ke AdhAra para hI likhI gaI thiiN| sAhityika va anya prAmANika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para agravAla jAti kA koI itihAsa aba taka taiyAra nahIM huvA thA / isa itihAsa kI AvazyakatA itane prabala rUpa meM anubhava kI jArahI thI, ki akhila bhAratIya agravAla mahAsabhA ne apane ilAhAbAda vAle vArSika adhivezana meM eka prastAva dvArA yaha udghoSaNA kI, ki jo mahAnubhAva agravAla jAti kA prAmANika itihAsa likheMge, unheM 2500 ru0 kA pAritoSika agravAla mahAsabhA kI ora se bheMTa kiyA jAyagA / para isa udghoSaNA kA bhI koI pariNAma nahIM nikalA / agravAla mahAsabhA ne bhI isa prastAva ko kriyA rUpa meM pariNata karane ke liye koI udyoga nahIM kiyA / Akhira isa kArya ko prophesara satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra ne apane hAthoM meM liyA / zrIyuta satyaketu bhArata ke prasiddha itihAsajJoM meM gine jAte haiM, aura ucca koTi kI aneka itihAsa - pustakoM ke lekhaka haiM / "maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa" nAmaka maulika tathA khojapUrNa pustaka para unheM akhila bhAratIya hindI sAhitya sammelana, ilAhAbAda kI ora se 1200 rupaye kA maMgalAprasAda pAritoSika bhI mila cukA hai| isa pustaka kA vidvAnoM meM itanA Adara hai, ki hindU vizvavidyAlaya kAzI ne ise ema0 e0 ( itihAsa ) kI pAThya pustakoM meM niyata kiyA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 14 prophesara satyaketu ne kaI varSoM taka bhArata meM agravAla itihAsa kI khoja kii| ve kAzI, meraTha, hisAra, agarohA, dillI, kalakattA, pUnA zrAdi vividha sthAnoM para gaye, aura vahAM para isa viSaya kI sAmagrI ekatra kI / kAzI ke sarasvatI bhavana pustakAlaya, dillI kI impIrayala seka TeriyaTa lAyabrerI, pUnA ke bhANDArakara risarca insTiTyUTa, kalakattA kI impIriyala lAyabrerI Adi meM jAkara unhoMne dera taka isa viSaya kI gaveSaNA kI / bAda meM, ve isI kArya ke liye yUropa gaye / akhila bhAratavarSIya mAravAr3I agravAla jAtIya koSa, bambaI aura zrI. bhagIrathamala jI kanoDiyA, kalakattA ne isa kArya meM unakI bar3I sahAyatA kii| agravAla jAtIya koSa kI ora se unheM 175 ru0 mAsika sahAyatA isa kArya ke liye dI gaI / yUropa ke bahuta se pustakAlayoM meM unhoMne agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI ko ekatra karane kA prayatna kiyA / ina meM, bRTiza myUjima, laNDana; iNDiyA insTiTayUTa, AksaphorDa; bibliotheka nezanAla, perisa tathA iNDiyA Aphisa lAyabrerI, laNDana mukhya haiN| isa khoja ke pariNAma svarUpa unhoMne agravAla jAti kA itihAsa phreMca bhASA meM likhA aura use perisa yUnivarsiTI meM vahAM kI saba se U~cI DigrI DI. liTa. ke liye nibandha (Thesis) rUpa meM peza kiyaa| isI pustaka para unheM sammAna ke sAtha ( with Honours ) DI. liTa. kI DigrI prApta huii| prophesara phUze, DA0 blAka aura prophesara renU jaise saMsAra prasiddha aitihAsika vidvAnoM ne unake kArya kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kii| perisa ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa vibhAga ke adhyakSa prophesara renU ne isa grantha ko bhAratIya itihAsa kI khoja ke kSetra meM eka sarvathA maulika aura mahatvapUrNa kArya batAyA aura sArvajanika rUpa se isake liye lekhaka ko badhAI dii| bhAratIya itihAsa ke kSetra meM yUropa ke ye vidvAna vizva bhara meM vikhyAta haiM, aura inakA DAkTara satyaketu ke isa grantha kI isa prakAra prazaMsA karanA isake mahattva tathA prAmANikatA ko bhalI bhAMti sUcita karatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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15 nivedana agravAla jAti kA itihAsa phreMca meM pahale hI prakAzita ho cukA hai| aba yaha hindI meM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| hindI ke pAThakoM kI sugamatA ke liye isake viSaya ko yathA sambhava sarala banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ! para viSaya gambhIra hai, ataH kahIM kahIM usameM kaThinatA kA A jAnA sarvathA svAbhAvika hai / hindI kI isa pustaka meM kucha viSaya bar3hA bhI diyA gayA hai / AzA hai, agravAla bandhu isase prasannatA aura santoSa anubhava kareMge / jaisA ki DA0 satyaketu ne bhUmikA meM svayaM likhA hai, agravAla itihAsa kI khoja ke kArya ko abhI pUrNa nahIM samajhanA cAhiye / vizeSatayA jaba taka agarohA kI khudAI karake vahAM para vidyamAna aitihAsika sAmagrI ko prApta na kara liyA jAya, taba taka agravAloM kA pUrNatayA prAmANika itihAsa likhA jA sakanA asambhava hai| AzA hai, isa itihAsa se agravAla bhAiyoM meM agarohA kI khudAI ke liye utsAha hogA, aura ve isa kArya ko zIghra hI sampAdita karane kA prayatna kreNge| mantrI, mAravAr3I agravAla jAtIya koSa, bambaI / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Page #19
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa pahalA adhyAya agravAla jAti agravAla bhArata kI eka pramukha jAti hai| usakI gaNanA vaizyoM meM kI jAtI hai / agravAla loga svayaM bhI apane ko vaizya kahate haiM / bhArata kI aneka jAtiyAM, jo vyApAra, mahAjanI, pazu-pAlana Adi vaizya karma karatI haiM, apanI gaNanA vaizyoM meM nahIM karatIM / para agravAla loga apane ko vaizya samajhate aura kahate haiM / unakI mukhya AjIvikA kRSi, pazupAlana aura vyApAra hai / isI ko kauTalIya arthazAstra meM 'vArtA' kahA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #20
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa gayA hai| kauTilya ke arthoM meM agravAla loga 'vAtopajIvi' haiM / kisI prAcIna paramparA kA anusaraNa karate huye yA dharma-zAstroM kI vyavasthA ke anusAra agravAla loga apane nAmoM ke sAtha prAyaH 'gupta' lagAte haiM / jana-saMkhyA -agravAla logoM kI kula AbAdI kitanI hai, yaha nizcaya karanA sugama nahIM hai / bhAratIya sarakAra kI tarapha se prati dasaveM varSa jo mardumazumArI kI jAtI hai, usameM saba prAntoM meM unakI saMkhyA pRthakarUpa se nahIM dI gii| kaI prAntoM meM vaizya yA baniyA jAti kI ikaTThI janasaMkhyA de dI gaI hai / vaizyoM meM se kitane agravAla haiM, aura kitane dUsare vaizya, yaha jAna sakanA sambhava nahIM / zrIyut bensa ke anusAra agravAloM kI kula saMkhyA 557600 hai / para yaha saMkhyA ThIka nahIM hai / mardumazumArI kI riporToM ke anusAra vividha prAntoM meM agravAloM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra haipaMjAba (san 1931) 379064 saMyukta prAnta ( san 1891) 308277 rAjapUtAnA (san 1931) 91274 ( san 1931) 18296 dillI (san 1931) 25380 madhya prAnta ( san 1911) 25000 madhya bhArata ( san 1911) 25728 sarva yoga 873019 1--kRSi pazu pAlye vaNijyA ca vArtAH---kauTalIya arthazAstra 114 -~-'gupteti vaizyasya-pArAzara 16--4 - ---Baincr. Ethhography ( Castes viSayaka Tables dekhiye ) baGgAla For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #21
19 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla jAti san 1931 kI mardumazumArI meM kevala paMjAba, rAjapUtAnA, baGgAla aura dillI prAntoM meM hI agravAloM kI saMkhyA pRthaka rUpa se dI gaI hai / zeSa saba prAntoM meM unheM vaizya grupa meM sammilita kara diyA gayA hai / isI kAraNa saMyukta prAnta, madhyaprAnta aura madhyabhArata meM unakI kula saMkhyA kitanI hai, isake liye mardumazumArI kI pichalI riporToM se saMkhyAyeM dI gaI haiM / bambaI, bihAra Adi anya prAntoM meM mardumazumArI kI kisI bhI riporTa meM unakI saMkhyA pRthakarUpa se nahIM dI gii| para ina meM bhI bahuta se agravAla basate haiM / bambaI, karAcI, haidarAbAda Adi bar3e zaharoM meM agravAla vyApAriyoM kI acchI AbAdI hai / vyApAra ke liye agravAla loga bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM meM base huye haiN| gujarAta aura bihAra meM to bahuta se agravAla parivAra kaI sadiyoM se rahate haiM / isa dazA meM yadi agravAla logoM kI kula saMkhyA dasa lAkha ke lagabhaga mAna lI jAya, to isameM azuddhi kI adhika sambhAvanA nahIM | yadyapi agravAla loga uttarI bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM meM rahate haiM, para unakA asalI nivAsa sthAna dillI tathA usake AsapAsa ke jile haiM / dillI, pUrvI paMjAba tathA pazcimI saMyukta prAta meM unakI AbAdI saba se adhika haiN| paMjAba kI ambAlA kamiznarI meM agravAla logoM kI saMkhyA kula AbAdI kI 5|| phIsadI hai / ambAlA kamiznarI meM bhI hisAra jile meM agravAla logoM kI saMkhyA sabase jyAdA hai / vahAM ve kula AbAdI ke 7 || phIsadI haiM / hisAra jile meM hI agarohA haiM, jahAM se agravAloM kA vikAsa huaa| isa dazA meM yadi hisAra jile meM unakI AbAdI satra se adhika ho, to Azcarya kI koI bAta nhiiN| rohataka jile meM ve 6 || For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa phIsadI aura karanAla jile meM 6|| phIsadI haiN| isI prakAra saMyukta. prAMta ke pazcimI jiloM meM agravAloM kI saMkhyA bahuta jyAdA hai| meraTha jile meM kula agravAla 52000 (4 // phIsadI) haiN| mujaphpharanagara meM bhI unakI saMkhyA kula AbAdI kI 4|| phIsadI hai / mathurA meM agravAloM kI saMkhyA 28494 ( 3 // phIsadI), AgarA meM 29311 ( 3 / / phIsadI) aura bulandazahara meM 34754 (4 / phIsadI ) hai| isI taraha saMyuktaprAnta ke anya pazcimI jiloM meM unakI saMkhyA bahuta hai| pahale agravAla loga agarohA meM rahate the, vahAM se jAkara ve dhIre-dhIre anya sthAnoM para basane zurU huve / yahI kAraNa hai, ki isa pradeza meM unakI saMkhyA anya sthAnoM kI apekSA adhika hai| agavAloM ke bheda-agravAla jAti ke kaI bheda haiM / ye bheda mukhyatayA deza, dharma aura nasala ke Upara Azrita haiM / agravAla samAja meM ina bhedoM kA kAphI mahatva hai, ataH ina para kucha vistAra se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| - (1) deza bheda se agravAloM meM saba se mahatva kA bheda mAravAr3I tathA dUsare agravAloM kA hai / dUsare agravAla 'vaizya agravAla' yA 'dezavAlI agravAla' kahAte haiM / agarohA kA dhvaMsa hone para jaba agravAla loga anya sthAnoM para jAkara basane lage, to unakA eka bar3A bhAga dakSiNa meM rAjapUtAnA kI tarapha calA gayA / ve mAravAr3a meM jAkara basa gaye, aura mAravAr3I agravAla kahAne lge| bhArata ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa meM mAravAr3a kA vyApArika dRSTi se bar3A mahatva thA / aphag2Ana aura mug2ala zAsakoM kI rAjadhAnI dillI thii| dillI se jo rAstA pazcimI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #23
agravAla-jAti samudra taTa ke bandaragAhoM ko jAtA thA, vaha mAravAr3a meM se gujaratA thaa| isa vyApArika rAste meM mAravAr3a ThIka bIca meM par3atA thaa| dillI Ane jAne vAle sabhI yAtrI yahAM Thaharate tathA isa Adhe rAste ke par3Ava ( Half ray house) meM vizrAma karate the / yahI kAraNa hai, ki mAra. vAr3a ke nivAsiyoM ko vyApAra ke kSetra meM unnati karane kA apUrva avasara milA / mAravAr3I agravAloM ne bhI isa avasara kA pUrA lAbha uThAyA aura una meM usa apUrva vyApArika pratibhA kA vikAsa huA, jisake kAraNa ve Aja bhArata meM atyanta prasiddha haiM / dUsare agravAloM se pRthak mAravAr3a ke sudUra marusthala meM basa jAne ke kAraNa una meM kucha apanI pRthak vizeSatAoM kA vikAsa huaa| unakI bolacAla, rahana sahana tathA rIti rivAz2oM meM bheda AgayA aura ve dUsare agravAloM se kucha pRthaka se ho gaye / isI kAraNa ve dUsare agravAloM se vivAha sambandha karane meM bhI saMkoca karane lage / para mAravAr3I tathA dUsare agravAloM meM koI vAstavika bheda nahIM hai / isIliye Aja unameM paraspara vivAha sambandha bhI hone lage haiM, aura una meM khAna-pAna meM bhI kisI taraha kA vizeSa paraheja nahIM raha gayA hai / dezavAlI vA vaizya agravAloM meM bhI deza bheda se purabiye tathA pachAiye kA bheda hai / para yaha bheda kevala pUraba meM rahane vAle agravAloM meM hai| pUrvI saMyuktaprAnta tathA bihAra meM jo agravAla kaI sadiyoM se raha rahe haiM, ve apane ko purabiye kahate haiM / ina pradezoM meM jo agravAla abhI pichalI Der3a do sadI se Aye haiM, unheM pachAiye kahA jAtA hai / dUsare dezavAlI agravAloM meM bhI mahamiye, jAMgale, hariyAliye, bAMgar3I, saharAliye, lohiye Adi kaI bheda haiM / mahamiye agravAla ve haiM, jo mahima se For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 22 jAkara anyatra base haiN| agarohA se calakara agravAloM ne jo bastiyAM basAI, una meM mahima pramukha thii| vahAM ke agravAla mahamiye kahAne lage / yadyapi aba ve mahima se nikala kara anya sthAnoM para jA base haiM, para mahamiye hI kahate haiM ! isI taraha, bhaTiNDe ke AsapAsa ke nivAsI jAMgale, hariyAnA ke nivAsI hariyAniye, bAMgar3a ke nivAsI bAMgar3I, saharAlA ( jilA ludhiyAnA ) ke nivAsI saharA liye, lohAgar3ha ( jilA rohataka ) ke nivAsI lohiye kahAne lage / ye saba bheda kevala deza bheda ke kAraNa haiM / inake atirikta mevAr3I, kAiyAM Adi anya bhI kaI bheda deza bheda I ke kAraNa huye haiM / yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, ki ina saba agravAloM meM paraspara khAna-pAna tathA vivAha sambandha hotA hai, aura ina meM rahana-sahana tathA rIti-rivAja kA jo bhI bheda hai, vaha kevala pRthak pradezoM meM dera taka base rahane ke kAraNa hI hai / I (2) dharma-bheda se agravAloM ke mukhya bheda jaina, vaiSNava aura zaiva haiM / agravAloM kA mukhya bhAga sanAtana hindU dharma kA anuyAyI hai / hindU agravAloM meM adhikAMza parivAra paramparAgatarUpa se vaiSNava dharma ko mAnate haiM / para kucha parivAra aise bhI haiM, jo zaiva haiN| para zaiva agravAla bhI mAMsa madirA kA sevana nahIM karate, ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karate haiM, aura jIvana kI vaiyaktika pavitratA tathA AcAra-vicAra meM vaiSNava agravAloM ke sadRza hI haiN| vastutaH, zaiva tathA vaiSNava agravAloM meM koI bhArI bheda nahIM hai / madhyakAla meM svAmI rAmAnanda, tulasIdAsa Adi santa mahAtmAoM ne hindU dharma ke vividha sampradAyoM meM samanvaya karane kI jisa lahara kA prArambha kiyA thA, usakA prabhAva agravAloM para pUrI taraha se hai / ve For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #25
23 agravAla jAti rAma, kRSNa, ziva Adi sabhI kI upAsanA samAnarUpa se karate haiM / vaiva tathA zaiva kI apekSA unheM smArca hindU kahanA adhika upayukta hogA / agravAloM meM vaiSNava aura zaiva kA jo bheda hai, vaha kevala vividha parivAroM kI paramparA para hI Azrita hai / kriyAtmaka jIvana meM usakA vizeSa prabhAva nahIM hai / prAnta paMjAba dillI I agravAloM kI eka acchI bar3I saMkhyA jaina dharma kI anuyAyI hai| jaina vAloM ko sarAvagI bhI kahate haiN| inakI kula saMkhyA kitanI hai, yaha nizcita kara sakanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki mardumazumArI kI vividha riporToM meM jaina agravAloM kI pRthaka saMkhyA nahIM dI gii| para paMjAba tathA dillI meM unakI gaNanA pRthak rUpa se dI gaI hai, jo isa prakAra hai jaina 24221 3052 kula agravAla 379064 25380 isakA abhiprAya yaha hai, ki paMjAba aura dillI meM jaina agravAloM kI saMkhyA kula agravAloM kI dasa phIsadI bhI nahIM hai / yahI bAta dUsare prAntoM meM bhI hai / saMkhyA meM kama hote huye bhI jaina agravAla prabhAva tathA sthiti kI dRSTi se bahuta U~ce haiN| vizeSatayA, mAravAr3I agravAloM meM jainI loga bar3e prabhAvazAlI haiN| 1 dharma-bheda ke hote huye bhI jaina tathA sanAtanI hindU agravAloM meM khAna-pAna tathA vivAha sambandha meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM hai| jaina tathA dUsare agravAloM meM vivAha sambandha khule taura para hotA hai / mAravAr3I For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 24 jainoM meM to adhikAMza loga eka hI garga gotra ke haiM, ataH unake vivAha prAyaH jaina-bhinna agravAloM meM hI hote haiN| dharma-bheda hote huye bhI jAtIya dRSTi se jaina tathA dUsare agravAloM meM bheda nahIM aayaa| isase sUcita hotA hai, ki agravAloM meM jAtIya bhAvanA bar3I prabala hai| jaina agravAloM ke vivAha agravAloM se bhinna dUsare jainoM meM nahIM hote| vivAha ho jAne para kanyA prAyaH apane pati ke dharma kA anusaraNa karane lagatI hai| pArivArika AcAra-vicAra tathA karmakAMDa meM dharma-bheda se prAyaH koI bhI bAdhA agravAloM meM upasthita nahIM hotI; aneka agravAla AryasamAja, rAdhAsvAmI Adi navIna hindU sampradAyoM ke bhI anuyAyI haiM / paMjAba meM kucha agravAla sikkha bhI haiM / kuchane mardumazumArI meM apane ko musalamAna bhI likhavAyA hai / (3) agravAloM kA eka anya mahattvapUrNa bheda nasala yA raktazuddhi ke AdhAra para hai| yaha bheda bIsA aura dassA kA hai| sAmAnyatayA, yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki jo agravAla rakta kI dRSTi se pUrNatayA zuddha haiM, jo bIsa meM meM bIsa ( 100 phI sadI) zuddha agravAla haiM, ve bIsA haiM / isake viparIta jinhoMne kula maryAdA ke pratirUpa kisI dUsarI jAti kI strI se vivAha kara liyA, unakI santAna rakta kI dRSTi se bIsa meM se bIsa agravAla nahIM rhii| unakI zuddhatA bIsa meM se dasa (50 phI sadI) raha gii| isaliye ve loga dasse kahAte haiM / madhyaprAnta tathA bambaI prAnta meM kucha agravAla paMje bhI kahAte haiM / unakI sthiti darasoM se bhI nIce hai| unameM rakta kI zuddhatA bIsa meM se pAMca ( 25 phI sadI ) samajhI jAtI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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25 -jAti bIsA, dassA aura paMjA kA yaha bheda kevala agravAloM meM hI nahIM hai / anya bhI aneka jAtiyoM meM ye bheda pAye jAte haiM / unameM bhI isa bheda kA AdhAra rakta kI zuddhatA hI samajhA jAtA hai / dara agravAloM ke do mukhya bheda haiM-- kadImI aura hAla ke / hAla ke dassoM ko jagIda bhI kahate haiM / kadImI agravAla mukhyatayA alIgar3ha, khurjA aura bulandazahara meM pAye jAte haiN| hAla ke (jagIda) agravAloM ke vividha sthAnoM para vividha nAma haiN| sahAranapura meM unheM gATe kahA jAtA hai| mujaphpharanagara meM gur3Akura, bulandazahara meM giMdor3iyA aura DivAI ( bulandazahara ) meM dilavAliye karake jo loga kahe jAte haiM, ve dassA agravAloM ke bhI bheda haiM / sAmAnyatayA, bIsA agravAla loga kadImI agravAloM ko dassA samajhate haiN| para bahuta se kadImI agravAla apane ko dassA nahIM samajhate / Water aura dassA kA yaha bheda bar3e mahattva kA hai| bIsA aura dassA agravAloM meM paraspara vivAha sambandha nahIM hotA / bIsA agravAla apanI lar3akI kA dasse ke sAtha vivAha nahIM krte| unameM paraspara khAna-pAna meM bhI aneka rukAvaTe haiN| bIsA aura dassA agravAla do pRthak jAtiyoM ke samAna haiM / dharma tathA deza bheda se bhI jisa prakAra kI bhinnatA kA vikAsa agravAloM meM nahIM huA, vaisA bheda ina bIsA aura dassA agravAloM meM hai / isakA kAraNa rakta bheda hI samajhA jAtA hai / bhArata kI vividha jAtiyoM kA AdhAra rakta kI ekatA hai / eka jAti meM jo bheda dharma kI bhinnatA se bhI nahIM AtA, vaha rakta zuddhi meM jarA-sA pharka par3ane para vikasita ho jAtA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla For Private and Personal Use Only !

Page #28
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 26 para bIsA aura dassA ke bheda kA kAraNa rakta-zuddhi hai / yaha bAta aneka dassA loga svIkAra nahIM karate / kucha mahAnubhAvoM ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai, ki mahArAja agrasena kI jo saMtAna nAga kanyAoM se huI, ve bIsA agravAla kahAI / inake atirikta agrasena kI jo santAna anya rAniyoM se huI, ve dassA kahAI / para isa mata kA koI prAcIna AdhAra hameM nahIM mila sakA hai| isa dazA meM isakI satyatA ko svIkAra kara sakanA sambhava nahIM hai / agravAloM se bhinna anya aneka jAtiyoM meM bhI bIsA, dassA, paMjA aura kahIM kahIM DhAiyA taka kA milanA bar3e mahatva kI bAta hai / isa bheda kA sambandha UMca nIca ke sAtha hai - isIliye yadi isakA AdhAra sAmAnyatayA rakta-zuddhi ko samajhA jAya, to isameM Azcarya nahIM / 1 I ( 4 ) agravAloM meM eka anya bheda hai, jo bar3e mahatva kA hai agravAloM kI eka upajAti 'rAjAzAhI' yA 'rAjA kI birAdarI' kahAtI hai / isI ko kucha loga 'rAjavaMzI' bhI kahate haiM / rAjAzAhI agravAloM ke vivAha dUsare agravAloM se prAyaH nahIM hote / yadyapi Ajakala rAjAzAhiyoM aura dUsare agravAloM meM koI koI vivAha hone lage haiM, para sAmAnyatayA unakA pracAra nahIM hai / isa birAdarI kI sthApanA rAjA ratanacanda dvArA huI thii| rAjA ratanacanda jAnasaTha ke nivAsI the / jAnasaTha saMyuktaprAnta ke mujaphpharanagara jile meM eka kasabA haiN| mugala bAdazAhata ke prasiddha bAdazAha pharrukhasiyara ke jamAne meM ratanacanda ne bar3I unnati kI / mug2ala sAmrAjya ke prasiddha senApati saiyada -bandhu bhI jAnasaTha ke hI rahane vAle the| saiyada bandhuoM aura ratanacanda meM bar3I mitratA thI / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #29
agravAla-jAti saiyada-bandhuoM kI unnati ke sAtha sAtha ratanacanda kA bhI mahatva bar3hatA gayA aura eka dina ve dIvAna ke ucca pada para pahuMca gye| musalamAnoM se adhika mela jola hone ke kAraNa rAjA ratanacanda ke rahana-sahana kA DhaMga purAne Dhare ke agravAloM ko pasanda na thaa| unhoMne ratanacanda ko jAti se bahiSkRta kara diyA / rAjA ratanacanda bar3A pratApI aura sAhasI puruSa thA / usane apane kucha sAthiyoM ke sAtha apanI pRthak birAdarI banA lI, jo rAjA ratanacanda ke nAma se hI 'rAjA kI birAdarI' yA 'rAjAzAhI' kahAI / rAjAzAhI agravAla mukhyatayA mujaphpharanagara tathA usake AsapAsa ke jiloM meM hI pAye jAte haiM / anya jina sthAnoM para ve haiM, ve isI pradeza se gaye haiN| rAjAzAhI agravAloM para musalima saMparka kA prabhAva aba taka bhI vidyamAna hai| ve mukhyatayA urdU va phArasI par3hate haiM, aura vyApAra kI apekSA sarakArI naukarI meM adhika ruci rakhate haiN| unake paharAve taka para musalima saMparka kA asara hai| rAjAzAhiyoM kI pRthak birAdarI bane do sadI ke lagabhaga hI samaya huA hai, para isa thor3e se kAla meM hI ve anya agravAloM se pRthak se ho gaye haiN| ___Aja kala agravAloM meM yaha pravRtti hai, ki ina bhedoM ko bhulA kara jAtIya ekatA kI sthApanA kreN| mAravAr3I va dezavAlI, sanAtanI hindU va jaina-ina bhedoM kA kriyAtmaka dRSTi se koI vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai / para bIsA aura dassA tathA rAjAzAhI kA bheda adhika gaharA hai| Ajakala jo loga dassA kahe jAte haiM, unake viSaya meM yaha nahIM batAyA jA sakatA, ki unameM yadi kabhI rakta-zuddhi meM pharka huA, to For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #30
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa vaha kisa samaya huaa| kisI atyadhika prAcIna kAla meM kisI jAti niyama kI koI zithilatA hI yadi unheM pRthak karane kA kAraNa huI ho, to yadi usakI upekSA kara aba punaH jAtIya ekatA kI sthApanA kI pravRtti agravAloM meM ho, to isameM Azcarya hI kyA hai ? AjIvikA-agravAla logoM ko mukhya AjIvikA kRSi, pazupAlana aura vANijya ( vaNija vyApAra ) hai / manusmRti Adi dharmagranthoM meM vaizyoM ke ye hI karma likhe haiN| mAravAr3I agravAla to pradhAnatayA vyApAra hI karate haiM / anya agravAla vyApAra ke atirikta dUsare bhI bahuta se pezoM meM lage haiM / paMjAba ke agravAla kina pezoM kA anusaraNa kara rahe haiM, yaha nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hogA-- kamAne vAloM kI pezA pezA pezA pezA pezA kula saMkhyA vyApAra jamIMdArI khatI ejensI majadUrI puruSa 102336 79643 1843 6185 81 320 strI 3872 1370 475 176 1 31 kheda hai, ki paMjAba kI mardamazumArI kI isa riporTa meM kamAne vAle kula 102336 agravAla puruSoM meM se kevala 88072 puruSoM ke pezoM kI maMkhyA dI hai / zeSa 24264 puruSa kina pezoM meM lage haiM, isakI gaNanA nahIM dI gii| nissandeha, ye haz2AroM agravAla puruSa iJjiniyara, DAkTara, vakIla, prophesara, adhyApaka zrAdi kA pezA karate haiN| dezavAlI agravAloM meM zikSA kA prasAra bahuta hai / bahuta se logoM ne UMcI zikSA prApta kara bar3I UMcI sthiti prApta kI hai| paMjAba ke agravAloM meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #31
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 29 agravAla jAti kA jaisA vibhAga haiM, vaisA hI prAyaH saMyuktaprAnta, bihAra, madhyaprAnta Adi ke agravAloM meM bhI hai / --- www.kobatirth.org zikSA - vaNija vyApAra meM lage hone se agravAloM meM zikSA kA prasAra bahuta paryApta hai| jahAM sampUrNa bhArata meM zikSitoM kI saMkhyA kula AbAdI ke 6 phIsadI ke lagabhaga hai, vahAM agravAloM meM zikSitoM kI saMkhyA 33 phIsadI hai / puruSoM meM to zikSitoM kA anupAta 50 phIsadI hai / zikSA ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita tAlikAoM kA adhyayana bar3A upayogI hogA prAnta baMgAla kula agravAla zikSita paMjAba kula agravAla zikSita Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dillI kula agravAla zikSita rAjapUtAnA kula agravAla zikSita kula saMkhyA 15625 5378 puruSa 9501 4663 164476 80514 14014 7608 300410 85186 23945 .8756 74509 37390 19616 18914 madhyabhArata kula agravAla 18899 10238 6829 6352 477 zikSita ina saMkhyAoM se sUcita hotA hai, ki agravAla puruSoM meM zikSitoM kA anupAta 50 phIsadI ke lagabhaga hai / para striyoM meM zikSA kI bahuta kamI hai| striyoM meM zikSitoM kA anupAta 10 phIsadI se bhI kama hai strI 6124 715 135634 4672 9931 1148 37119 702 8661 For Private and Personal Use Only 1

Page #32
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa vizeSatayA, rAjapUtAnA kI mAravAr3I agravAla striyoM meM do phI sadI se bhI kama zikSita haiN| paMjAba aura dillI meM bhI striyoM meM zikSA kI bahuta kamI hai / yadyapi bhArata bhara ke agravAloM meM strI-zikSA anya bahuta sI jAtiyoM kI apekSA adhika hai, tathApi puruSoM kI tulanA meM striyoM meM zikSA kI itanI kamI zocanIya hai| sAmAjika dazA-sAmAjika dRSTi se agravAla loga hinduoM kI anya U~cI jAtiyoM ke samAna hI haiM / unameM vivAha kI Ayu bahuta kama nahIM hai / lar3akoM kA vivAha prAyaH 20 varSa kI Ayu meM aura lar3akiyoM kA vivAha prAyaH 15 varSa kI Ayu meM hotA hai| phira bhI bAlavivAha kI sattA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha bAta mardumazumArI kI riporTa ( 1931 ) kI nimna likhita gaNanAoM se spaSTa ho jAyavegIprAnta vivAhito kI Ayu Ayu Ayu Ayu kula saMkhyA 06 14-16 17-23 baMgAla puruSa 5855 19 115 238 1099 strI 3782 27 201 512 978 paMjAba puruSa 72590 29 642 2287 14565 strI 73367 255 1968 1816 20702 rAjayUtAnA puruSa 18409 38 376 950 3583 strI 21417 64 1127 2383 5332 dillI puruSa 7301 2 25 151 2210 - strI 5930 6 71 482 2329 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #33
agravAla-jAti ina aGkoM se spaSTa hai, ki agravAloM meM bAlavivAha kA kAphI pracAra hai / vizeSatayA, chaH varSa se kama Ayu ke pati tathA patniyoM kI sattA bar3I khedajanaka hai / bAlavivAha kA hI pariNAma hai, ki agravAloM meM bAlavidhavAoM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai / prAnta Ayu Ayu Ayu zrAyu 0-6 7-13 14-16 17-23 baMgAla 1 4 62 90 paMjAba 10 35 116 1016 rAjapUtAnA 6 23 53 334 vidhavAoM kI kula saMkhyA 1190 29380 9564 kevala tIna prAMtoM meM teIsa varSa se kama Ayu kI 1751 vidhavAoM kA honA kheda kI bAta hai / agravAloM meM vidhavA vivAha kA rivAja nahIM hai / para isake liye Andolana jArI hai| paMjAba ke suprasiddha agravAla netA sara gaGgArAma ne lAkhoM rupayoM kA dAna karake 'vidhavA vivAha sahAyaka sabhA' kI sthApanA kI thI, jisakI zAkhAyeM aba bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM meM vidyamAna haiM / isa sabhA kI tarapha se vidhavA vivAha ke liye Thosa kArya hotA hai| jo vidhavAyeM punarvivAha na karanA cAheM, unakI sahAyatA ke liye bhI prabandha kiyA jAtA hai | akhila bhAratIya agravAla mahAsabhA meM bhI vidhavA vivAha kA prastAva pAsa ho cukA hai, aura jAti ke aneka netAoM ne usakA hRdaya se samarthana kiyA hai| virAdarI kI kaI paMcAyateM bhI isake pakSa meM nizcaya kara cukI haiM / yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI abhI agravAloM meM vidhavA vivAha kA pracAra bahuta kama hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #34
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa bhArata ke Arthika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika va dhArmika kSetra meM agravAla jAti kA bar3A U~cA sthAna hai / vyApAra vyavasAya meM to zAyada hI anya koI jAti agravAloM kI barAbarI karatI ho / ve jahAM paisA khUba kamAte haiM, vahAM usakA dAna bhI khUba karate haiN| bhArata meM bahuta-sI dharmazAlAyeM, kue~, ghATa, aspatAla, skUla, kAlija, sadAvarta Adi unhIM ke dAna para Azrita haiM ! apane AcAra vicAra meM bhI agravAla loga hindU dharma kA tatparatA pUrvaka pAlana karate haiM / rAjanIti, samAja, sAhitya aura zikSA ke kSetra meM agravAla jAti ne bhArata ko bahuta se acche acche ratna pradAna kiye haiM / isameM sandeha nahIM, ki agravAla bhArata kI eka pramukha, mahattvapUrNa aura adhyavasAyI jAti hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #35
dUsarA adhyAya agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa ko taiyAra karane kI jo sAmagrI hai, usI kA upayoga agravAla jAti ke prAcIna itihAsa ke liye bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / saMskRta sAhitya, purANa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, pANinI kI aSTAdhyAyI, bauddha grantha, jaina sAhitya, zilAlekha, sikke, purAtana gAthAyeM - saba kA agravAla itihAsa ke liye upayoga hai / aneka praznoM ke vicAra ke liye inakA prayoga hamane kiyA hai, para isa sAmagrI kA varNana karane kI hameM yahAM AvazyakatA nahIM / bhAratIya itihAsa ke saba vijJAna va vidyArthI usase bhalI bhAMti paricita haiM / para kucha aitihAsika sAmagrI aisI hai, jisakA agravAla - itihAsa ke liye vizeSa mahatva hai hama yahAM usI kA saMkSepa se paricaya dene kA prayatna kareMge / 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #36
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 34 - "yaha ( 1 ) mahAlakSmIvrata kathA yA agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam - yaha saMskRta kA eka hastalikhita grantha hai / hindI bhASA ke prasiddha lekhaka va kavi bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra ne ' agravAloM kI utpatti' nAma se jo choTI-sI pustikA likhI thI, usakI bhUmikA meM unhoMne likhA thAvaMzAvalI paraMparA kI janazruti aura prAcIna lekhoM se saMgRhIta huI hai, parantu isakA vizeSa bhAga bhaviSya purANa ke uttara bhAga ke zrI mahAlakSmI vrata kathA se liyA gayA hai / " bhAratendu jI ke pIche kaI vidvAnoM ne yaha prayatna kiyA ki isa bhaviSyottara purANAntargata zrI mahAlakSmI vrata kathA ko prApta karane kA prayatna kareM / para unheM saphalatA nahIM huI / zrI mahAlakSmI vrata kathA nAma se eka do pustikAyeM chapa kara bhI prakAzita huI haiM, aura isa nAma kI aneka hastalikhita pustakeM banArasa ke sarasvatI bhavana pustakAlaya, madrAsa aura pUnA ke saMskRta pustakAlayoM tathA laNDana at after phasa lAibrerI meM haiM / para inameM agravAla vaizyoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM koI sUcanA nahIM hai / inameM eka aise rAjA kA varNana avazya hai, jisane mahAlakSmI kI upAsanA kara utkarSa ko prApta kiyA thA / usakI kathA rAjA agrasena kI kathA se kucha samatA bhI avazya rakhatI hai, para mahAlakSmI vrata kathA kI ina hastalikhita pratiyoM meM agravaMza kA kahIM varNana nahIM hai, aura na hI rAjA agrasena kA nAma AtA hai / hamane bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra ke nijU pustakAlaya meM jAkara khoja kii| unake vaMzaja zrI DA0 motIcandra jI ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 ne kRpApUrvaka isa pustaka ko DhUMDha nikAlane ke liye bar3A zrama kiyA, aura antataH hameM saphalatA huI / bhAratendu jI ke nijU pustakAlaya For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #37
agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI meM yaha hastalikhita saMskRta grantha aba bhI vidyamAna hai| bA0 harizcandra ne isa grantha para likhA thA, ki ise unhoMne eka purAne hastalikhita grantha se nakala karAyA hai| durbhAgyavaza, yaha mahatvapUrNa saMskRta grantha hameM avikala rUpa meM nahIM mila skaa| isake pahale bAraha pRSTha atyanta prayatna karane para bhI prApta nahIM ho sake / para jo pRSTha mile haiM, ve bhI bar3e mahatva ke haiM, aura unase rAjA agrasena, unake jIvana-caritra tathA unake vaMzajoM ke sambandha meM bar3e kAma kI bAteM jJAta hotI haiN| pustaka kA anta isa paMkti ke sAtha huA hai___ "iti zrI bhaviSya purANe lakSmI mahAtmye kedArakhaNDe agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanaM SoDazo'dhyAyaH" isase sUcita hotA hai, ki yaha pustaka pUrNa nahIM hai, apitu bhaviSya purANa ke lakSmImahAtmya nAmaka bhAga kA eka adhyAya hai| bhaviSya purANa yA bhaviSyottara purANa ke antargata rUpa meM bahuta sI choTI choTI pustakeM upalabdha hotI haiM, jinameM kucha chapa cukI haiM, aura kucha chapane se zeSa haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki yaha agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam bhI unhIM pustakoM meM se eka hai| mahAlakSmI-vrata-kathA ke nAma se jo pustakeM milatI haiM, ve bhI saba Apasa meM nahIM milatI haiM / devI mahAlakSmI kI pUjA kI bAta hI unameM eka samAna hai| isa dRSTi se agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam bhI inhIM mahAlakSmI vratakathAoM meM se eka hai / isakI kathA bhI bahuta kucha dUsarI mahAlakSmI-vrata-kathAoM ke hI DhaMga kI hai| ___ isa hasta likhita pustaka kI yadi pUrI prati mila sakatI, to bahuta uttama hotA / para pahale bAraha pRSToM ke khoye jAne kI kSati isa bAta se For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #38
agravAla jAti kA itihAsa 36 bahuta kucha pUrNa ho gaI hai, ki bAbU harizcandra ne 'agravAloM kI utpatti' meM usake AdhAra para aneka mahattvapUrNa bAteM ullikhita kara dI thIM / rAjA agrasena ke pUrvajoM kA jo hAla bAbU harizcandra ne likhA hai, usakA mukhya AdhAra yahI pustaka thI / agravAla jAti ke itihAsa ke liye isa mahAlakSmI vrata kathA yA vaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam graMtha kA bar3A upayoga hai / rAjA agrasena tathA unake vaMza ke sambandha meM yaha pahalI pustaka hai, jo saMskRta meM milI hai / yaha bahuta kAphI prAcIna hai, aura saccI aitihAsika anuzruti para zrita pratIta hotI hai / (2) uru caritam - yaha bhI saMskRta kI eka hasta likhita pustaka hai| isakI eka prati mujhe meraTha kI akhila bhAratIya vaizya mahAsabhA ke kAryAlaya se prApta huI thI | sabhA ke pracAraka paM0 maGgaladeva jI ne ise mainapurI ( saMyukta prAMta ) jile ke eka gAMva se nakala kiyA thA / paM0 maMgaladeva jI ne mujhe batAyA thA, ki ise unhoMne svayaM lAlA avadha bihArI lAla jI ke pAsa vidyamAna mUla hasta likhita graMtha se nakala kiyA thA / yaha pustaka bhI bar3e mahatva kI hai / isameM mathurA ke candravaMzI rAjA uru kA caritra diyA gayA hai| para sAtha hI yaha likhA hai, ki zUrasena ne rAjA uru ke rAjya kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thA aura use uru ne apane rAjya kA pradhAnAmAtya banAyA thA / zUrasena rAjA agrasena kA bhAI thA, ataH zUrasena kA paricaya dete huve usake kula, vaMza Adi kA acche vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA haiM / yahI varNana hamAre liye bar3e kAma kA hai / vizeSatayA rAjA agrasena ke pUrvajoM va vaMza kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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37 agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI avikala rUpa se paricaya isI pustaka se milatA hai / agrasena ke aThAraha yajJoM ke sambandha meM bhI isameM mahatvapUrNa bAteM likhI haiM / pustaka kI bhASA se kahIM-kahIM aisA sandeha hone lagatA hai, ki yaha bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai / para rAjA agrasena ke pUrvajoM ke sambandha meM jo bAteM isameM likhI haiM, ve avazya hI prAcIna aitihAsika anuzruti para Azrita pratIta hotI haiM / purANoM ke vaizAlaka vaMza ke sAtha agrasena kA sambandha jor3anA, aura vaizya 'pravara' bhalandana, vAtsaprI aura mAMkIla ke sAtha ina vaMzoM kA sambandha batAnA--aisI bAteM haiM, jo isakI prAcInatA ko sUcita karatI haiN| ___ bhArata ke prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM anuzruti dvArA bahuta-sI aitihAsika sacAiyAM saMgRhIta haiM, unheM varNana karane vAle aneka phuTakara graMtha milate haiM / uru caritam aura agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam-donoM hI graMtha isa DhaMga ke haiM / svayaM bahuta prAcIna na hote huye bhI inameM jo anuzruti hai, vaha avazya purAnI hai| isI dRSTi se agravAla-itihAsa ke punaH nirmANa meM inakA bar3A upayoga hai| (3) bhAToM ke gIta-agravAla logoM meM bhAToM kI saMsthA aba taka bhI vidyamAna hai / prAyaH pratyeka agravAla parivAra kA apanA vaMzakramAnugata bhATa hotA hai, jo purAne samaya ke sUtoM kA anusaraNa karatA huA 'vaMzoM kA dhAraNa karatA hai / bhATa parivAra ke mukhya puruSoM kA nAma smaraNa karatA hai, aura jo bhI mahatva kI ghaTanAyeM huI hoM, unheM sunAtA hai / purAne samaya meM bhArata meM sUta loga hote the, jo yahI kArya karate the / vividha rAjavaMzoM, RSiyoM aura anya bar3e kuloM ke apane apane sUta hote For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa the, jo vaMzAvaliyAM yAda rakhate, mahatva kI ghaTanAoM ko smaraNa karate aura purAne vRttAnta ko sunAyA karate the| sUtoM ke vartamAna pratinidhi bhATa haiN| vividha rAjapUta kuloM ke to bhATa hote hI haiM, para agravAloM ke bhI bhATa vidyamAna haiM / ve prAyaH lambA pIlA cogA pahanate haiM, aura bar3e lahaje ke sAtha kavitta sunAte haiM / inake gItoM meM rAjA agrasena tathA agravAla itihAsa ke anya prasiddha vyaktiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI bahuta sI bAteM milatI haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se inakA bar3A upayoga hai / bahuta se bhATa musalamAna ho cuke haiM, para isase unake peze meM koI parivartana nahIM AyA, aura na hI unakA apane yajamAna agravAla logoM ke sAtha sambandha badalA hai / vartamAna samaya meM naI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa bhAToM kA mahatva bahuta kama ho gayA hai| para phira bhI ye loga apanA vaMzakramAnugata kArya karate jA rahe haiM, aura unhIM kI kRpA kA yaha pariNAma hai, ki agravAloM ke kaI parivAra apanI pacAsa va usase bhI adhika pIr3hI purAne pUrvajoM ke nAma batA sakate haiM / bhAToM kI vaMzAvaliyoM meM cAhe kitanI hI azuddhiyAM hoM, para purAne jamAne meM jaba pustakoM kA pracAra nahIM thA, unhoMne aitihAsika anuzruti ko jIvita aura jArI rakhane ke liye bar3A upayogI kArya kiyaa| 1. svadharma eva sUtasya sadbhiH dRSTaH purAtanaiH devatAnAm RSINAzca rAjJAM cAmita tejasAm / vaMzAnAM dhAraNaM kAryaM zrutAnAJca mahAtmanAm itihAsa purANeSu diSTA ye brhmvaadibhiH|| (vAyupurANa 1, 31-32) For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI vividha kuloM ke pUrvajoM ke nAma batAne ke atirikta, bhATa loga usa purAne yuga ke sambandha meM bhI gIta gAte haiM, jaba saba agravAla eka jagaha para rahate the, jaba unakA agarohA meM apanA rAjya thA aura jaba rAjA agrasena ne nAga-kanyA se vivAha kara aThAraha yajJa kiye the / agrasena ke pUrvajoM ke sambandha meM bhI ye loga vaMzAvalI sunAte haiM / bhAToM ke ina gItoM ko ikaTThA karane kA prayatna kaI sajanoM ne kiyA hai| lakSIrAma putra zivapratApa ne 'rAjA agrasena kA jIvana caritra' nAma kI eka pustikA indaura se prakAzita kI hai, jisakI bhUmikA meM ve likhate haiM--'zrImAn rAjA agrasena ne apane bhAnaje jasarAja jI ko apanA kula bhaTTa niyukta kiyA thA, jaisA ki isa pustaka ke pATha se vidita hogaa| inake vaMza ke bhaTTa ghanazyAma aura tulArAma jI Adi vAsI jasapura grAma jo ki agrohe ke khaNDaharoM ke nikaTa basatA hai, ajamera Aye the| unake pAsa eka agrapurANa nAmaka grantha hai, jisameM kevala agravAla jAti hI kA pUrNa rUpa se paricaya diyA huvA hai / " janavarI san 1912 meM isakI kathA ajamera meM karAI gaI aura phira inhIM bhAToM ne 20 apraila san 1919 meM agrapurANa kI kathA indaura meM kI / yahI kathA vakSIrAma jI ne prakAzita kara dI hai, aura isase hameM vaha vRttAnta jJAta hotA hai, jo bhATa loga rAjA agrasena tathA unake vaMza ke sambandha meM suna te haiN| hisAra ke zrI0 brahmAnanda brahmacArI agarohA ke jIrNoddhAra ke liye prayatna kara rahe haiM / unhoMne agravAla-itihAsa sambandhI kaI pustakeM likhI haiN| inameM eka pustaka 'zrI viSNu agrasena vaMza purANa' nAma kI hai| ' isameM mUla bhaTTa vANI yA bhAToM ke kucha gIta bhI diye gaye haiM / brahmacArI For Private and Personal Use Only

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40 agravAla jAti kA itihAsa jI ne bhAToM ke sune huve vRttAnta ke AdhAra para apanI ora se bhI bahuta se gIta banAkara isa pustaka meM diye haiN| hamane svayaM bhI kucha bhAToM ko Amantrita kara unase purAne gItoM ko sunaa| yadyapi inake vRttAntoM meM paraspara bahuta matabheda hai, tathApi ye eka prakAra ke hindI yA bAMgarU bhASA ke naye jamAne ke purANa haiM / inakA yadi vivecanAtmaka dRSTi se upayoga kiyA jAya, to bar3A lAbha ho sakatA hai| ( 4 ) grAmya gIta-pUrvIya paMjAba meM bahuta se aise gIta pracalita haiM, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3e upayogI haiM / udAharaNArtha, zIlo aura rAjA risAlU kI kathA, jo gIta rUpa se harayAnA ke dehAtoM meM gAI jAtI hai| isa kathA kA grAmoM meM bar3A pracAra hai / risAla siyAlakoTa kA rAjA thaa| usakA dIvAna mahitA thA, jisakA vivAha agarohA ke haravaMza sahAya kI kanyA zIlA ke sAtha huA thaa| inhIM ko lekara yaha kathA banI hai, aura agravAla jAti ke itihAsa ke sAtha isakA gaharA sambandha hai / isa kathA ko zrIyut Taimpala ne saMgRhIta kara pustaka-rUpa meM bhI prakAzita kiyA hai / bhAratIya itihAsa ke punaH nirmANa meM ina grAmya- kathAoM kA bhI bar3A upayoga hai / yadyapi inameM bahuta kucha kalpanA se kAma liyA jAtA hai, aura satya kA aMza bahuta kama hotA hai, tathApi inakA AdhAra aitihAsika sacAI para Azrita rahatA hai| bhAToM ke gItoM ke samAna hI 1. R. C. Temple-Legends of panjal). For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI inakA bhI yadi vivecanAtmaka rUpa meM upayoga kiyA jAya, to aneka upayogI bAteM jJAta ho sakatI haiM / durbhAgyavaza, agravAla itihAsa ke liye koI zilAlekha, sikke, tAmrapatra Adi abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huve| agravAla jAti kA prAcIna nivAsa sthAna, agarohA nagara, jahAM agravAloM kA apanA svatantra rAjya thA, isa samaya khaNDahara rUpa meM par3A hai, aura usakI saba purAnI imArateM tathA anya avazeSa isa samaya pRthvI ke nIce dabe par3e haiN| inakI khudAI kA prArambha san 1889 meM huA thA, para durbhAgyavaza rupaye kI kamI ke kAraNa use jArI na rakhA jA sakA / jitanI khudAI huI, usameM hI bahuta sI choTI bar3I mUrtiyAM, sikke tathA anya prAcIna cIjeM upalabdha huii| saba se purAne sikke kuzAna yuga ke ( aba se lagabhaga 19 zatAbdi purAne ) haiM / yadi isa khudAI ko punaH zurU kiyA jAya, to agravAla itihAsa ke liye bahuta sI upayogI sAmagrI prApta hone kI sambhAvanA hai / kisI deza, rAjya va jAti kA vastutaH prAmANika itihAsa taba taka taiyAra nahIM ho sakatA, jaba taka zilAlekha, sikke Adi Thosa sAmagrI prApta na ho / kevala purAnI aitihAsika anuzruti va sAhityika sAdhanoM se jo itihAsa banatA hai, vaha pUrNatayA prAmANika nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki inameM azuddhi hone tathA bahuta sI bAtoM ke kalpanAtmaka hone kI AzaGkA sadA banI rahatI hai| isa grantha meM agravAla jAti kA jo prAcIna itihAsa, hama de rahe haiM, usakA mukhya AdhAra anuzruti-uru caritam aura agravaizya vaMzAnukIrttanam meM ullikhita aura bhAToM dvArA sunAI huI-hI hai| jaba taka For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 42 Thosa aitihAsika sAmagrI se isakI puSTi na kI jAya aura amarohA kI khudAI karake aise zilAlekha va sikke Adi na prApta kiye jAyeM, jinase rAjA agrasena kI sattA tathA unakA vRtAnta pramANita hotA ho, taba taka yaha nahIM samajhA jA sakatA, ki agravAla itihAsa sambandhI kArya samApta ho gayA hai| abhI to isa kArya kA prArambha hI samajhA jAnA ucita hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM, ki agarohA kI khudAI se vaha sAmagrI avazya prApta hogI, jo isa itihAsa para bahuta saccA prakAza start | -4 I / agravAla jAti ke itihAsa para bahuta sI choTI choTI pustakeM aba taka prakAzita ho cukI haiN| inakA AdhAra mukhyatayA janatA meM pracalita kathAyeM hI haiM / kaI lekhakoM ne yaha bhI likhA hai, ki unhoMne prAcIna pustakoM ke AdhAra para apanA itihAsa likhA hai / para una pustakoM kA koI pramANa unhoMne nahIM diyA / yaha vastutaH bar3e kheda kI bAta hai prAcIna pustakoM ke pramANa ko dekhe binA unakI prAmANikatA ko svIkAra kara sakanA sambhava nahIM hai| sAtha hI, aneka lekhakoM ne kalpanA se bhI bahuta kAma liyA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para, rAjAzAhI yA rAjavaMzI agravAloM ke udbhava ko pradarzita karate huve kucha rAjavaMzI lekhakoM ne yaha kalpanA kI hai, ki rAjA agrasena ke do rAniyAM thIM, eka nAgakumArI aura dUsarI kisI rAjA kI kanyA / nAga kanyA se jo santAna huI, vaha sAmAnya agravAla kahAtI hai, aura rAjakumArI kI santAna rAjavaMzI kahAtI hai| isa kathA ko ina lekhakoM ne itane vistAra se likhA hai, ki aisA pratIta hone lagA hai, ki vaha vastutaH hI kisI aitihAsika For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI AdhAra para Azrita hai / hama pahale adhyAya meM pradarzita kara cuke haiM, ki rAjAzAhI birAdarI kA prAdurbhAva bAdazAha farrukhasiyara ke jamAne meM rAjA ratanacanda dvArA huaa| rAjAzAhI agravAloM kI utpatti abhI kucha hI sadiyoM kI bAta hai / isa sIdhI sI bAta kI upekSA kara eka naI aitihAsika anuzruti vikasita kara lI gaI hai, jisakA koI bhI prAcIna AdhAra peza nahIM kiyA gayA / ___ isI taraha kI anya bahuta sI bAteM dUsare lekhakoM ne bhI likhI haiM / rAjA vizAnana kI kanyA se agrasena kA vivAha hone para usakI santAna 'bIsA' aura rAjA dazAnana kI kanyA se agrasena kA vivAha hone para usakI santAna 'dassA' kahAI-isa prakAra kI saba bAteM kevala kalpanAyeM hI haiM / ina vividha pustakoM ke kAraNa Ajakala agravAla jAti ke prAcIna itihAsa ke sambandha meM bahuta sI aisI bAteM pracalita ho gaI haiM, jinakA kucha bhI aitihAsika AdhAra nahIM hai, yA kama se kama vaha AdhAra likhA nahIM gayA hai / agravAla-itihAsa kA anuzIlana karate huve hameM yaha bAta dRSTi meM rakhanI cAhiye / __ agravAla itihAsa kI jisa sAmagrI kA isa adhyAya meM Upara varNana kiyA gayA hai, usake atirikta jisa anya sAmagrI kA isa graMtha meM upayoga huA hai, usakA bhI saMkSepa se ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai (1) purANa-aneka purANoM meM prAcIna vaizAlaka vaMza kA varNana hai, jisakI hI eka zAkhA meM rAjA agrasena utpanna huye| brahmANDa, mArkaNDeya, matsya, vAyu, bhAgavata Adi purANa inameM mukhya haiN| ina For Private and Personal Use Only

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44 agravAla jAti kA itihAsa purANoM kA prAcIna vaMzAvaliyoM ko jAnane ke liye bar3A bhArI upayoga hai| (2) mahAbhArata tathA rAmAyaNa-inameM bhI aneka baMzAvaliyAM dI gaI haiM / vaizAlaka vaMza kA varNana ina granthoM meM bhI hai| isa dRSTi se inakA bhI agravAla-itihAsa ke liye upayoga hai / mahAbhArata meM hI Agreya gaNa kA varNana hai, jisase hamane agravAloM kI utpatti pradarzita kI hai / (3) saMskRta ke prAcIna vyAkaraNa grantha- inameM ana kula kA ullekha hone se inakA hamane apane adhyayana meM bahuta prayoga kiyA hai / pANini muni kI aSTAdhyAyI prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke liye bar3I upayogI pustaka hai / usase bahuta se prAcIna rAjyoM, vaMzoM va kuloM kA patA milatA hai| (4) grIka yAtriyoM ke yAtrA vivaraNa-IsA se pUrva cauthI zatA. bdi meM maisiDona ke rAjA sikandara ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usake AkramaNoM kA hAla aneka grIka aitihAsakoM ne likhA hai / bhArata ke purAne itihAsa ke liye inakA bar3A mahatva hai| sikandara ne jina rAjyoM ko jItA thA, unameM 'agalassi' bhI eka thaa| hamane ise 'pAya' se milAyA hai / agarohA para sikandara ke aAkramaNa kI kathA bhATa loga bhI sunAte haiN| grIka lekhakoM meM se anyatama TAlamI ne saMsAra kA jo bhUgola likhA hai, usameM bhArata meM 'agArA' nAmaka eka zahara kA ullekha hai, jise hamane agarohA batAyA hai| isa dRSTi se ina grIka lekhakoM ke lekha bhI agravAla-itihAsa ke liye bar3e upayogI haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI 45 (5) bauddha sAhitya-prAcIna bhArata ke gaNarAjyoM ko pradarzita karate hue hamane bauddha sAhitya ke aneka graMthoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI, 'maJju zrI mUla kalpa' nAmaka aitihAsika grantha kA nAgoM ke sambandha meM tathA anya vaizyavaMzoM ke liye bar3A upayoga hai| (6) kauTalIya arthazAstra tathA anya nItigrantha-ye bhI prAcIna gaNarAjyoM tathA unake prati bhAratIya samrAToM kI nIti ko jAnane ke liye atyanta upayogI haiN| (7) dharma-sUtra va smRtiyAM-gotra viSaya para vicAra karane ke liye hamane inakA bahuta upayoga kiyA hai| inake atirikta prAcIna sAhitya ke vividha granthoM, kucha zilAlekhoM tathA anya aitihAsika sAmagrI kA bhI sthAna sthAna para hamane prayoga kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha va varNana karane kI yahAM koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ___ vartamAna samaya meM aneka yUropiyana lekhakoM ne jAtiyoM ke sambandha meM bahuta adhyayana kiyA hai / inhoMne bhArata kI vividha jAtiyoM ke rItirivAjoM, dantakathAoM tathA anya anuzruti ko bhI saMgRhIta kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke mukhya granthoM kI sUci isa pustaka ke anta meM dI gaI hai| risale, kruka, IliyaTa, enthovana, ibaTsana, zairiGga Adi vidvAnoM kI pustake agravAla jAti ke itihAsa ke liye bar3I upayogI haiM / vizeSatayA vivadha prAMtoM ke agravAloM meM jo bhinna-bhinna rIti-rivAja va kiMvadantiyAM pracalita haiM, unheM jAnane meM inase bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai / sarakAra kI tarapha se hara dasaveM sAla jo marda mazumArI hotI hai, usa meM bhArata kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa vividha jAtiyoM ke adhyayana kA bhI prayatna hotA hai / isaliye mardamazumArI kI pratyeka riporTa meM jAti-bheda para bhI adhyAya rahate haiN| ina ke anuzIlana se bahuta-sI kAma kI bAteM jJAta hotI haiN| isI taraha sarakAra kI ora se 'impIriyala gejeTiyara Apha iNDiyA' isa nAma se gez2eTiyaroM kI eka granthAvalI prakAzita huI hai| isameM pratyeka prAMta tathA jile ke bhI pRthak pRthak gejeTiyara haiN| vivadha jiloM ke gez2eTiyaroM meM vahAM ke nivAsiyoM, mukhya parivAroM tathA mahatvapUrNa sthAnoM kA bar3e vistAra se paricaya diyA gayA hai| hisAra, paMjAba kI paTiyAlA Adi riyAsateM, bijanaura, iTAvA, banArasa, meraTha Adi jina jiloM meM agravAloM ke pratiSThita ghara haiM, tathA jinakA agravAloM ke purAne itihAsa se sambandha hai, unake gez2eTiyaroM ke adhyayana se agravAla itihAsa kI bahuta-sI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai / isa itihAsa meM isI saba sAmagrI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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tIsarA adhyAya agarohA aura usakI prAcInatA agravAla logoM meM kiMvadantI pracalita hai, ki unakA Adima nivAsasthAna agarohA hai / kisI prAcIna samaya meM saba agravAla loga vahIM para nivAsa karate the, vahAM unakA svatantra rAjya thA, aura vahIM se jAkara ve dUsarI jagahoM para bse| ___ yaha agarohA hisAra jile kI phatehAbAda tahasIla meM hai| hisAra z2ilA paMjAba meM hai, aura usa prAnta ke dakSiNa-pUrva bhAga meM sthita hai| dehalI se sirasA ko jo sar3aka jAtI hai, usI para hisAra nagara se teraha mIla kI dUrI para agarohA hai| Ajakala agarohA nAma se eka choTA sA gAMva bhI hai, para asalI prAcIna agarohA ke khaNDaharoM ke Dhera bar3I dUra dUra taka phaile par3e haiM, aura ina khaNDaharoM ko dekha kara hI yaha kahA For Private and Personal Use Only

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48 agravAla jAti kA itihAsa jA sakatA hai, ki kisI purAne samaya meM yaha agarohA eka samRddha tathA vizAla nagara thA / khaNDaharoM meM eka purAne kile ke bhI nizAna haiM / kilA rAjA agrasena ke z2amAne kA prAcIna darzanIya sthAna a sthAnIya kiMvadantI ke anusAra yaha hai | kile ke atirikta anya bhI kucha 1 ke ausharoM meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / 1 agravAla loga isa sthAna ko pavitra mAnate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai, ki hajAroM agravAla yAtrI hara sAla ina khaNDaharoM ke darzana ke liye jAte haiM / ujar3e huve agarohA ko phira se AbAda karane ke liye bhI prayatna ho rahA hai| yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke liye dharmazAlA Adi banAne ke liye to kAma bhI zurU ho cukA hai agarohA ke khaNDaharoM ke viSaya meM zrIyuta rAjarsa kA nimnalikhita vivaraNa ullekha yogya hai Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1 I " agarohA kA kher3A - yaha kher3A ( purAne khaNDaharoM kA bar3A vistRta Dhera ) gAMva se Adhe mIla kI dUrI para hai / isane 650 ekar3a jamIna ko gherA huA hai| barasAta ke kAraNa kher3e meM aneka darAr3eM gaI haiM, aura unameM aneka prAcIna imAratoM kI nIMva va thar3e naz2ara Ane lage haiN| bar3I bar3I IMTeM, aisI IMTeM jina para kArIgarI kA kAma kiyA gayA hai, mUrtiyoM ke Tukar3e, manake, mAlAyeM tathA sikke - isa jagaha se upalabdha hote haiM / sana 1889 meM isa prAcIna sthAna kI khudAI kA prArambha kiyA gayA thA / para use jArI nahIM rakhA jA sakA / jo thor3I khudAI kI gaI thI, usase hI mUrtiyoM ke aneka Tukar3e aura pakkI miTTI kI banI huI bahuta-sI pratimAyeM prApta huI thiiN| isameM sandeha nahIM, ki For Private and Personal Use Only

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49 rohA aura usakI prAcInatA ina khaNDaharoM kI khudAI se prAcIna kAla kI vastuveM prApta hoMgI / agravAla vaizya agarohe ko kahA jAtA hai, ki yaha sthAna prAcIna samaya meM bar3A samRddha tathA vistI thA / Aja kala isa sthAna kI khudAI karane kI mumAniyata hai / " bahuta-sI mahatva kI apanA ghara mAnate haiM / sarakAra kI ora se pratyeka jile ke sambandha meM eka eka gajeTiyara prakAzita hotA hai, jisameM ki usa jile kI sabhI ullekhanIya bAteM likhI jAtI haiN| hisAra jile ke sarakArI gajeTiyara meM amarohA ke bAre meM jo kucha likhA gayA hai, use bhI yahAM uddhRta karanA upayogI hogA " hisAra se uttara pazcima meM lagabhaga bAraha mIla kI dUrI para dehalI - sirasA roDa para agarohA sthita hai / isameM sandeha nahIM, ki kisI samaya yaha gAMva bar3A AbAda tathA samRddha nagara thaa| kahA jAtA hai, ki vaizya agravAla jAti ke saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena ne isa nagara kI sthApanA kI thI / isa rAjA agrasena kA samaya do hajAra varSa se bhI adhika purAnA hai / gAMva ke samIpa ho, eka purAne nagara kA kher3A hai, jisake nIce nizcaya hI kisI naSTa huve vizAla nagara ke dhvaMsAvazeSa par3e haiN| kher3e ke Upara kilA banA huvA hai, jo IMToM kA banA hai| kahate haiM, ki yaha kilA rAjA agrasena ne banavAyA thA / san 1889 meM ina khaNDaharoM kI khudAI huI thI, jisameM mUrtiyoM ke bahuta se Tukar3e tathA aneka pratimAyeM upalabdha huI thIM / saba sAija kI choTI bar3I IMTeM tathA sikke bhI vahAM milate haiM / eka jagaha para kisI bar3e pakke makAna kI 1. C. T. Rodgers, The Revised list of objects of Archeological interest in the Punjab, p. 71. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa dIvAra bhI nikalI hai| kher3e ke samIpa hI eka vistRta nIcI jamIna hai, jahAM Aja kala bahuta bar3hiyA phasala hotI hai| avazya hI, yahAM purAne jamAne meM eka tAlAba thaa| agara ina prAcIna khaNDaharoM para dRSTipAta kareM, to rAjA agrasena kA kilA to inake mukAbale meM eka naye jamAne kI cIz2a mAlUma hotA hai, yadyapi usakA nirmANa bhI IsavI sana ke prArambha hone se pahale huvA thaa|" agarohA ke khaNDaharoM meM jisa purAne kile ke nizAna dRSTigocara hote haiM, vaha sAmAnyatayA rAjA agrasena kA banavAyA huvA samajhA jAtA hai| isI liye hisAra gajeTiyara ke lekhaka tathA zrIyuta rAjarsa ne bhI isakA ullekha kara diyA hai| para vastutaH rAjA agrasena kA kilA vaha nahIM hai, jo Ajakala agarohA meM dikhAI par3atA hai| eka anya kiMvadantI ke anusAra isa kile kA nirmANa paTiyAlA ke rAjA abharasiMha ke senApati dIvAna nannUmala ne karAyA thaa| rAjA amarasiMha kA samaya san 1765 se 1781 taka hai| dIvAna nannUmala agravAla vaizya the| apanI yogyatA se ve paTiyAlA rAjya meM bar3e UMce pada para pahu~ca gaye the| kucha samaya taka to ve paTiyAlA rAjya ke sarvesarvA rahe the| mug2aloM se unake bahuta se yuddha huve / paTiyAlA rAjya ke utkarSa meM unakA bhArI kartRtva thaa| inhIM dIvAna nannUmala ne rAjA agrasena ke purAne kile ke dhvaMsAvazeSa para naye kile kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| sambhavataH, agarohA 1. Hissar District Gazateer, 1915, pp. 256--7. 2. dIvAna nannUmala ke vistRta hAla ke liye Griffin's Punjab Rajas aura Panjab States Ghzatteers, Vol. XVII A. dekhiye / For Private and Personal Use Only

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agarohA aura usakI prAcInatA meM vidyamAna kile ke khaNDahara inhIM dIvAna nannUmala ke kile ke haiM / para isase agarohA ke kher3e kI prAcInatA meM koI bheda nahIM pdd'taa| yaha vastutaH durbhAgya kI bAta hai, ki sana 1889 meM isakI jo khudAI prArambha huI thI, use jArI nahIM rakhA jA sakA / anyathA, bahuta-sI upayAgI vastuveM upalabdha ho sktiiN| agarohA ke atirikta do anya sthAna haiM, jinheM sthAnIya kiMvadantI ke anusAra agravAloM kA mUla nivAsasthAna kahA jAtA hai| eka hai AgarA', jo prasiddha mug2ala samrATa akabara kI rAjadhAnI thaa| dUsarA sthAna Agara hai, jo madhya bhArata meM ujjaina se lagabhaga 40 mIla uttara pUrva meM sthita hai / bambaI prAMta ke aura vizeSatayA gujarAta ke agravAla yaha mAnate haiM, ki ve isa Agara se anya sthAnoM para jAkara base haiN|' para dhyAna rakhane kI bAta yaha hai, ki agarohA ke agravAloM kA mUla nivAsa sthAna hone kI bAta jahAM prAyaH sabhI agravAloM meM pracalita hai, vahAM AgarA aura Agara ke sambandha meM yaha kiMvadantI kevala sthAnIya hai / bhATa loga bhI agarohA ko hI agravAloM kA Adima nivAsasthAna batAte haiM / isa dazA meM do bAteM sambhava haiM--yA to AgarA aura Agara ke saMbandha meM yaha bAta kevala nAma kI samatA ke kAraNa calI ho aura yA agravAloM ne agarohA ke bAda ye bastiyAM bhI apane nAma se hI basAI ho| dera taka kucha agravAla ina bastiyoM meM rahe hoM aura phira vahAM se bhI anya sthAnoM para jAkara loga base hoM / hameM yaha dUsarI bAta adhika sambhava pratIta hotI 1. Agra-District Gazatteer. 2. R. E. Enthoven. Tribcs and Castes of Bombay, 1922. Vol. III. p.426. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 52 hai| purAne bhAratIya itihAsa meM hameM yaha pravRtti spaSTa rUpa se naz2ara AtI hai, ki eka jAti ke loga apane vAstavika sthAna ko chor3akara dUsarI bastiyAM basAte the aura unheM bhI apanI jAti ke nAma se nAma dete the| udAharaNa ke taura para eka hI jAti ne mathurA ( zaurasena deza meM ), madurA (pANDaya deza meM ) aura madhurA ( kamboDiyA meM ) basAye / ho sakatA hai,ki agravAla jAti ne bhI agarohA ke bAda AgarA aura Agara kI sthApanA kI ho / gujarAta ke agravAla dera taka Agara meM rahe hoM aura phira vahAM se anya sthAnoM para phaile hoM / isI prakAra agravAloM ke eka bhAga ne AgarA meM bastI basA kara use apanA nAma diyA ho, aura phira vahAM se ve anya sthAnoM para jAkara base hoN| uttarI gujarAta ke agravAla to Agara ko tIrthasthAna bhI mAnate haiM, aura vahAM darzanoM ke liye Ate haiM / isameM sandeha nahIM, ki 'agarohA ke samAna hI Agara bhI eka atyanta prAcIna sthAna hai, aura vahAM bhI purAnI imAratoM ke khaMDahara vidyamAna haiM / para bhAToM kI kathA tathA agravAla jAti meM pracalita kiMvadantiyoM ke AdhAra para agravAloM kA Adima nivAsasthAna agarohA ko hI svIkAra karanA ucita hai| vahIM se agravAla jAti kA vistAra huaa| Ajakala agarohA ujar3A huA hai| aba hI nahIM, aba se 150 varSa pahale aThArahavIM sadI meM bhI agarohA isI taraha ujAr3a thaa| barnoyyI ( Bernaulli ) nAma ke eka phreMca yAtrI ne san 1781 meM apanI bhArata yAtrA ke sambandha meM eka pustaka likhI thii| usane agarohA kA bhI hAla likhA hai / vaha isake prAcIna vaibhava kI kathA For Private and Personal Use Only

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agarohA aura usakI prAcInatA likhatA hai / yaha bhI batAtA hai ki kisI samaya isa nagara meM savA lAkha ghara the, para sAtha hI vaha apane samaya ke sambandha meM likhatA hai, ki 'aba yaha ujar3a gayA hai|" ba!yyI ke samAna hI eka anya yUropiyana lekhaka renela ne, jo aMgreja thA, bhArata ke bhUgola para eka pustaka aThArahavIM sadI ke antima bhAga meM likhI thii| usane apane samaya ke bhArata yA hindustAna kA eka nakazA bhI diyA hai| isa nakaze meM agarohA bhI diyA gayA hai, aura sAtha hI renela ne isa purAne nagara ke sambandha meM kaI jJAtavya bAteM bhI likhI haiM / barnogyI aura renela ke z2amAne se bahuta pahale agarohA ujar3a cukA thA, para isake purAne mahatva se AkRSTa hokara hI ina lekhakoM ne agarohA kA jikra kiyA hai| prasiddha aphag2Ana samrATa phIroz2azAha tug2alaka ne hisAra phIroz2A kI sthApanA kI thI / yaha hisAra phIrojA yA hisAra agarohA se kevala teraha mIla kI dUrI para hai| isa nagara kI sthApanA kA hAla zamsAe-sirAja aphIpha nAmaka aitihAsika ne vistAra se likhA hai| sara iliyaTa ne apane prasiddha grantha 'hisTrI Apha iNDiyA eja DiskrAibDa bAi iTsa Ana hisToriyansa' kA saMkalana jina aitihAsikoM ke itihAsa granthoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai, unameM zamsA-e-sirAja aphIpha bhI 1. Bernoulli, Discription Historique et Geographique de l'Inde, ___Vol. I. p. 135. 2. J. Renell, Map of Hindostan, p. 65. 3. Elliot, The History of India, Vol. III. pp. 298-3000. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 54 eka hai / usameM likhA hai, ki hisAra phIrojA ke nirmANa meM bahuta se purAne hindU mandiroM va imAratoM kA malabA kAma meM lAyA gayA thA, aura hisAra DisTrikTa gez2eTiyara meM yaha ThIka hI likhA gayA hai, ki yaha malabA jyAdA taura para agarohA kI purAnI dhvaMsAvazeSa imAratoM se hI liyA gayA thA / pandrahavIM sadI meM agarohA bahuta kucha ujar3a cukA thA, isIliye isakI purAnI imAratoM kA malabA hisAra phIrojA ke banAne meM istemAla huA thA / para abhI isakA pUrI taraha vinAza nahIM huA thaa| aba bhI yaha eka acchI mahattvapUrNa bastI thI / yahI kAraNa hai, ki bhAratIya madhyakAlIna itihAsa ke afag2Ana kAla meM isakI sthiti eka jile ( ikatAta ) kI thii| tugalaka vaMza ke zAsana meM agarohA eka jile kA mukhya nagara ( heDakvArTara ) mAnA jAtA thA / aphagAna kAla ke anyatama aitihAsika z2iyAuddIna bAranI ne sulatAna phIroz2a zAha tug2alaka kI mulatAna se dillI taka yAtrA kA varNana kiyA hai| isameM usane likhA hai, ki sulatAna agarohA meM bhI ThaharA thaa| isase sUcita hotA hai, ki phIroz2azAha tug2alaka ke samaya taka agarohA abhI pUrI taraha nahIM ujar3A thaa| madhyakAlIna itihAsa ke eka anya muslima yAtrI ibna batUtA ne bhI agarohA kA z2ikra kiyA hai / use par3hane se bhI yaha jJAta hotA hai, ki agarohA kA yadyapi usa samaya bahuta kucha hrAsa ho cukA thA, para abhI 1. Elliot, The History of India. Vol. III. p. 300. 2. Ibid. p. 245. For Private and Personal Use Only

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55 agarohA aura usakI prAcInatA pUrI taraha vaha nahIM ujar3A thA / abhI usameM kucha AbAdI vidyamAna thii| agarohA kA saba se purAnA ullekha TaulmI ke bhUgola meM milatA hai / IsavI san ke zurU hone se lagabhaga savA tIna sau varSa pahale sikandara ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| sikandara maisiDona kA rAjA thA / maisiDona grIsa va yUnAna ke uttara meM zaktizAlI rAjya thA, jisake rAjAoM ne grIsa ko bhI jIta kara apane AdhIna kara liyA thaa| sikandara ne bhArata ke bhI kucha hisse---uttara pazcimI paMjAba ko jItA thaa| taba se grIka va yUnAnI logoM ko bhArata meM bahuta dilacaspI ho gaI thii| aneka grIka aitihAsikoM ne bhArata para pustakeM likhI thIM / TaulmI unameM se eka hai, aura usakI bhUgola sambandhI pustaka bar3I prasiddha hai / saMsAra kA ThIka ThIka bhUgola jAnane ke lie jo prayatna prAcIna samaya meM huve, unameM TaulmI kA bhUgola zAyada sabase mahattva kA hai / isa TaulmI ne apane bhUgola meM bhArata kA hAla likhate hue eka zahara likhA hai, jisakA nAma usane agArA ( Agarl ) diyA hai / renela ne isa agArA ko agarohA se milAyA hai / kucha logoM kA khayAla thA, ki agArA ko vartamAna samaya ke AgarA se milAnA jyAdA ThIka hogaa| isa para renela ne likhA hai"yadi TaulmI kA matalaba agArA se AgarA kA thA; to nizcaya hI AgarA ko prAcIna nagara mAnanA caahie| para dikkata yaha hai, ki TaulmI ne apane nakaze meM agArA vahAM nahIM diyA hai, jahAM hameM AgarA ko DhUDhanA 1. Cambridge History of India. Vol. III p. 153. 2. McCrindle, Ancient India as described by Ptolemy, p. 154. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa caahie|" isake bAda usane agArA ko varnoyyI dvArA varNita agrohA ( agarohA ) se milAyA hai / yaha zAyada ThIka bhI hai|' ___ paMjAba meM pracalita gItoM meM risAlU aura zIlA sambandhI gAthA bahuta prasiddha hai| isa gAthA kA ullekha hama pahale kara cuke haiM / zIlA agarohA kI rahane vAlI thI, risAlU siyAlakoTa kA rAjA thaa| aitihAsikoM ne risAlU ko prasiddha kuzAna samrATa vima kaiDaphisasa se milAyA hai| isakA matalaba yaha hai, ki kuzAna rAjA vima kaiDaphisasa ke samaya meM agarohA vidyamAna thA, tabhI usake sAtha agarohA kI kumArI zIlA kA sambandhajur3a sakA aura usa viSayaka gIta pracalita ho ske| ____ agarohA ke khaNDaharoM se prApta prAcIna sikkoM kA jo choTA sA saMgraha mere pAsa hai, usameM do sikke kuzAna kAla ke haiM / kuzAna samrAToM ke sikkoM kA prApta honA siddha karatA hai, ki agarohA kama se kama utanA purAnA avazya hai| ina sAkSiyoM se isa sthApanA meM koI sandeha nahIM rahatA, ki agarohA nagara kI sthApanA IsavI san ke prArambha se pahale hI ho cukI thii| bhArata meM jo atyanta prAcIna nagaroM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa haiM, nissandeha agarohA kA kher3A unameM se eka hai / yaha khedakI bAta hai ki usakI khudAI zurU hokara bhI dhana kI kamI se jArI nahIM rakhI jaaskii| agarohA ke samIpa hI kaI anya aise prAcIna sthAna haiM, jinakA sambandha sIdhA agravAla itihAsa ke sAtha hai / inameM se eka kA nAma 1. Renell-Map of Hindostan. p. 64, 2. jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra, bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA bhAga do, pRSTha 825-26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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57 agarohA aura usakI prAcInatA risAlU kher3A hai / kahA jAtA hai, ki agarohA ke rAjA harabhajazAha kI kanyA zIlAdevI tathA risAlU kI adbhuta gAthA isI sthAna ke sAtha sambandha rakhatI hai / isIke par3osa meM satiyoM kI aneka samAdhe haiN| mukhya satI zIlAdevI thI / ina satiyoM ko agravAla loga pUjate haiM, aura dUra. dUra se agravAla yAtrI inake darzanoM ke lie padhArate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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cauthA adhyAya agravAla jAti kI utpatti maiM agravAla jAti kI utpatti Agreya gaNa se mAnatA hU~ / isa Agreya gaNa kA ullekha nimnalikhita sthAnoM para AtA hai - ( 1 ) mahAbhArata meM - bhadrAn rohitakAMzcaiva greyAn mAlavAn zrapi / gaNAn sarvAn vinirjitya nItikRt prahasanniva // ( mahAbhArata, vana parva 255, 20 ) . 1. mahAbhArata kI kucha chapI huI pustakoM meM, vizeSatayA kalakattA ke saMskaraNa meM Agreya kI jagaha Agneya zabda kA pATha hai / kalakattA saMskaraNa kI nakala meM pIche se chape huve mahAbhArata ke bahuta se anya saMskaraNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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59 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla jAti kI utpatti mahAbhArata ke isa prakaraNa meM rAjA karNa ke digvijaya kA varNana I 1 hai | usane hastinApura se digvijaya kA prArambha kiyA, aura pazcimakI ra vijaya yAtrA karate huve vividha rAjyoM ko vijaya kiyA / una rAjyoM meM se aneka gaNa rAjya the / gaNoM kA kyA abhiprAya hai, yaha hama abhI Age calakara spaSTa kareMge / rAjA karNa dvArA vijaya kiye gaye gaNa rAjyoM meM se anyatama gaNa bhI thA, jo rohitaka aura mAlava gaNoM ke bIca meM sthita thA / hameM mAlUma hai, ki prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa meM mAlava garaNa bahuta prasiddha thA / sikandara ke yUnAnI aitihAsikoM ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai, ' saMskRta sAhitya meM anyatra bhI aneka sthAnoM para isakA jikra AtA hai / yaha madhya paMjAba meM sthita thaa| rohitaka gaNa kA vartamAna pratinidhi spaSTa rUpa se rohataka hai / hastinApura se pazcima kI tarapha vijaya yAtrA karate huve karNa ne pahale rohataka ko jItA, phira Agreya ko aura phira mAlava ko / spaSTa hai, ki zrAgreya rohataka aura mAlava meM bhI Agneya pATha diyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Sorenson ne apanI Index to Mahabharata meM bhI Agneya zabda diyA hai, Agreya nahIM / para nirNaya sAgara bambaI kI mahAbhArata meM tathA purAne chape anya aneka saMskaraNoM meM 'Agreya' pATha hai / Monier Williams ne apanI prasiddha pustaka Sanskiit English Dictionary meM yahI pATha hai / yahI pATha zuddha hai / Agneya kI isa jagaha koI saMgati nahIM lagatI / 1. Me Crindle, Invasion of India by Alexander the great, p. 137. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 60 (madhya paMjAba ) ke bIca meM thaa| ThIka yahI sthAna hai, jahAM Ajakala agarohA ke dhvaMsAvazeSa milate haiM / (2) aSTAdhyAyI meM.. bhArata kA prasiddha prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa pANini apane grantha aSTAdhyAyI meM do sthAnoM para agra aura usake vividha rUpoM zrAni, Agreya aura prANAyaNa kA jikra karatA hai / yaha jikra aSTAdhyAyI ke gotrApatya prakaraNa meM AyA hai| gotrApatya viSaya para vistAra se vicAra hama eka pRthak adhyAya meM kreNge| para yahAM jina do sUtroM kA ullekha hama karate haiM, unameM agra aura usake vaMza meM hone vAle Agreya logoM kA jikra spaSTa hai 1-naDAdibhyaH phak sUtra meM naDAdi gaNa ke antargata agra zabda bhI hai, jisase vividha gotrApatya arthoM meM Agreya, AgrAyaNa Adi zabda banate haiN| 2-zaradvacchanuk darbhAt bhUguvatsAgrAyaNeSu / ' isa sUtra ke anusAra yadi kisI AgrAyaNa ( agra ke vaMza meM utpanna manuSya ) kA nAma darbha ho, to usakI santati gotrApatya artha meM dArbhAyaNa kahAyegI, para yadi darbha nAma kisI aise manuSya kA ho, jo vaMza se prAgrAyaNa na ho, to unakI santati gotrApatya artha meM dArbhi: khaavegii| 1. pANini-aSTAdhyAyI 4-1-66 2. tathA 4-1-102 3. ata iJ , aSTAdhyAyI 4-1-65 For Private and Personal Use Only

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61 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla jAti kI utpatti 1 Upara ke donoM sUtroM meM aura usase bane huve Agreya, AgrAyaNa Adi zabda spaSTatayA eka vaMza va jAti ko sUcita karate haiM / yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye, ki jisa jAti ko hama Ajakala agravAla kahate haiM, usI ko purAne samaya meM agavaMza bhI kahate the / hamAre hastalikhita grantha 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' meM ise agravaMza hI kahA gayA hai| satrahavIM sadI meM bhI ise vaMza hI kahA jAtA thA / AksaphorDa kI iNDiyana insTiTyUTa lAyabrerI meM padmapurANa kI eka hastalikhita prati hai, jise samvat 1619 va tadanusAra IsavI san 1663 meM agara vaMza va agravaMza ke murAridAsa nAmaka vyakti ne likhavAyA thA / yaha bAta nimnalikhita zabdoM meM pragaTa kI gaI hai-- "saMvat 1716 varSo bhAdrapada mAse zuklapakSe dazamyAM 10 tithau guruvAsare idaM padamapurANa likhApitam agara vaMze sAdhu sAhu zrI gajadhara tatputra puNya prati pAlaka sAha zrI zrI zrI 4 murAridAsena likhAptim svam AtmapaThanArthaM dharmAnanda vinodArtham" I isa udAharaNa se spaSTa hai, ki satrahavIM sadI meM agravAla logoM ko agaravaMzI yA gavaMzI kahA jAtA thA / agravAla zabda hindI bhASA kA hai, jisakA artha 'aga kA' hai / 'vAla' hindI bhASA kA pratyaya hai, jisakA '' hotA hai / 'agra kA' yA 'agravAla' kA saMskRta meM ThIka anuvAda 'Ageya' hogA / yaha nAma mahAbhArata aura aSTAdhyAyI meM ( pratyaya dvArA banA kara) milatA hai / rAjA agra ke vaMza meM hone ke kAraNa hI 'Agreya' 1. yaha uddharaNa AksaphADa ke pustakAlaya se hI nakala kiyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa zabda calA, isIliye 'agravaMzI' zabda calA aura isIliye 'agravAla' zabda pracalita huaa| merA vicAra yaha hai, ki mahAbhArata meM jisa Agreya gaNa kA rohitaka va mAlava gaNoM ke bIca meM ullekha hai, vahI Age cala kara agravaMza yA agravAla jAti ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| anya bhI bahuta se gaNa rAjya Age calakara isI taraha jAtiyoM meM parivartita huve| isa viSaya ko jarA adhika spaSTa rUpa se varNana kI AvazyakatA hai| prAcIna bhArata meM Ajakala kI taraha ke bar3e bar3e rAjya nahIM the| na kevala bhArata meM, apitu saMsAra ke anya sabhI dezoM meM usa samaya choTe choTe rAjya hote the| prAcIna grIsa ke aise rAjyoM ke liye nagararAjya ( siTI sTeTa ) zabda prayoga meM AtA hai| bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM bhArata ke aise choTe choTe rAjyoM ke liye "gaNa" yA saMgha zabda prayukta huvA hai| inakA vistAra-kSetra Aja kala ke jile va tahasIla ke lagabhaga hotA thA / bIca meM pura yA rAjadhAnI hotI thI aura cAroM ora janapada / pura meM sampanna logoM ke ghara hote the, devatAoM ke mandira bane hote the aura vividha vyavasAyI apanA apanA kArya karate the| rAjya kA saMcAlana yahIM se hotA thaa| pura ke cAroM tarapha prAyaH UMcI dIvAra rahatI thI, jo gaharI pAnI se bharI khAI se ghirI rahatI thii| janapada meM kRSaka rahate the, jo khetI karake apanA nirvAha karate the| ina kRSakoM ke ghara dehAta meM hI choTe choTe gAMvoM meM hote the / deva mandiroM meM pUjA karane, pIThoM va bAjAroM meM apanA mAla kharIdane va becane tathA isI taraha ke anya kAryoM ke liye kRSaka loga janapada se prAyaH pura meM Ate For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kI utpatti jAte rahate the| rAjya kA saMcAlana prAyaH janatA ke hAtha meM hotA thaa| pura ke nivAsI paura sabhA meM aura janapada ke nivAsI jAnapada sabhA meM ekatrita hokara rAjya kI bAtoM para vicAra karate the tathA apane nirNaya karate the / ina sabhAoM meM vividha kuloM va parivAroM ke mukhiyA sammilita hote the| cAhe rAjya ( gaNa rAjya ) kA koI vaMza-krama se calA AyA rAjA ho yA loga apanA mukhya ( mukhiyA) svayaM cunate hoM, rAjya kA saMcAlana prAyaH janatA ke hI hAtha meM rahatA thA / ___ina gaNa rAjyoM kI janatA prAyaH eka jAti, vaMza yA jana (Tribe) kI hotI thii| saba eka dUsare ko bandhu yA eka birAdarI kA samajhate the / prAcIna bhArata meM aise rAjya saiMkar3oM kI saMkhyA meM the| yadi hama mahAbhArata ko par3heM, to aise saiMkar3oM rAjyoM ke nAma hameM mileNge| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ke anya granthoM, purANoM, zilAlekhoM Adi meM bhI isa taraha ke choTe choTe rAjyoM ke bahuta se nAma hameM milate haiM / sadiyoM taka ye rAjya svatantra rhe| Apasa meM inakI lar3AiyAM jarUra hotI thIM, para koI rAjya dUsaroM ko sarvathA naSTa na karatA thaa| zaktizAlI rAjA dUsaroM para AkramaNa kara unase AdhInatA svIkAra karA lete the, aura unheM bheTa, upahAra dene ke liye bAdhita karate the| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kAla ke sAmrAjyoM kA yahI matalaba hotA thA / para Age cala kara bhArata ke itihAsa meM aise zaktizAlI rAjA huve, jo dUsaroM se kevala prAdhInatA svIkAra karAne se hI santuSTa na hote the| inakA uddezya dUsaroM ko naSTa kara svayaM cakravartI samrATa yA 'ekarAja' bananA thaa| magadha ke rAjA isI koTi ke the| maisiDona kA zaktizAlI For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 64 rAjA sikandara bhI isI taraha kA thA / jaba ina pratApI rAjAoM ---- magadha ke zaizunAga, nanda va maurya vaMzI samrAToM tathA videzI grIka, kuzana va zaka AkrAntAoM ne ina choTe choTe gaNa-rAjyoM para AkramaNa kara inakI rAjanItika svAdhInatA ko naSTa karanA zurU kiyA, taba inameM bhArI parivartana zurU huA / dera taka ye rAjya AkrAntAoM kA mukAbalA karate rahe / para anta meM vivaza hokara hAra gaye / inakI rAjanItika svAdhInatA naSTa ho gii| para bhArata ke samrAToM kI eka vizeSatA thI / be sahanazIla the bhArata ke rAjanIti - vizArada AcAryoM ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA thA, ki zrAdhIna kiye gaye rAjyoM ke rIti rivAjoM, niyamoM, kAnUnoM tathA prathAoM ko sahana kiyA jaay| unheM naSTa karane ke sthAna para sAmrAjya ke kAnUna kA eka aMga mAna liyA jAya / grIsa va anya yUropiyana dezoM ke samrAToM ne isa nIti kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA / pariNAma yaha huvA, ki eka romana kAnUna saba ke lie jArI kiyA gyaa| purAne nagara rAjyoM (City states) ke apane kAnUna, rIti-rivAja, va prathAyeM naSTa ho gaI / saba loga eka raMga meM raMga gaye / isake viparIta bhArata meM hamAre samrAToM kI sahiSNutA kI nIti ke kAraNa sthAnIya vizeSatAyeM naSTa nahIM ho pAI / rAjanItika sattA naSTa ho jAne para bhI gaNa - rAjyoM kI sAmAjika svAdhInatA va pRthak sattA kAyama rahI / sadiyoM taka bhArata ke samrATa isI nIti kA anusaraNa karate rahe / merI sthApanA yaha hai, ki isI nIti ke kAraNa bahuta se purAne gaNa - rAjya Ajakala kI jAtiyoM meM parivartita ho gaye ! rAjanItika sattA ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI inameM apanI pRthaka sattA, pRthak | For Private and Personal Use Only

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65 agravAla jAti kI utpatti vyaktitva aura pRthak bhAvanA banI rhii| jatra kabhI unheM avasara milA, unhoMne punaH svatantra hone kA udyoga kiyA / para bAra bAra zaktizAlI samrAToM se kucale jAte huve bhI ye gaNa - rAjya sAmAjika dRSTi se jIvita rahe / isI se ye jAti yA birAdarI ke rUpa meM aba bhI jIvita haiM / gaNa rAjyoM ke jamAne meM bhI ina meM bahuta kucha vahI vAtAvaraNa thA, jo Ajakala kI jAta-birAdariyoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai / pratyeka gaNa apane ko U~cA tathA dUsaroM ko apane se nIcA samajhatA thA / zAdI byAha apane se nIce gaNoM meM nahIM ho sakate the / vivAha sambandha yA to apane hI andara sImita rahatA thA, yA apane barAbara vAloM meM / yahI hAla bhojana ke sambandha meM thA / nIcI jAti ke sAtha bhojana karanA prAyaH burA samajhA jAtA thA / kAraNa yahI ki pratyeka gaNa apanI utkRSTatA va uccatA kA garva karatA thA / saba ko apanI rakta kI pavitratA kA bar3A dhyAna thA / rAjanItika svatantratA ke naSTa ho jAne ke bAda bhI gaNa ke logoM meM yaha saba anubhUti jAgRta rhii| apane ina vicAroM ko aitihAsika pramANoM se puSTa karane ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai, ki maiM nimnalikhita tIna bAtoM para vistAra se vicAra karUM ( 1 ) bhArata ke prAcIna gaNarAjyoM kA AdhAra prAyaH eka jAti vaMza yA jana (Tribe) hotA thaa| unameM apanI jAti kI uccatA kI bhAvanA bar3e prabala rUpa se vidyamAna thI / vivAha tathA bhojana Adi meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa bhI ve isa jAtyabhimAna ko dRSTi meM rakhate the / rakta kI pavitratA ko ve bahuta mahatva dete the| (2) zaktizAlI samrAToM dvArA vijaya kiye jAne ke bAda bhI inakI pRthak sattA kAyama rhii| __ ( 3 ) ina prAcIna gaNoM kA sthAna aba jAtiyoM ( Castes ) ne le liyA hai / aneka jAta-birAdariyoM kA sambandha hama purAne gaNoM ke sAtha sugamatA se sthApita kara sakate haiM / maiM tInoM bAtoM para kramazaH vicAra karUMgA (1) prAcIna gaNa-rAjyoM ke nAma prAyaH bahuvacana rUpa meM Ate haiM / yathA, zAkyAH, mallAH, moriyAH, videhAH, paJcAlAH, mAlavAH, AgreyAH, kSudrakAH, AraTTA: Adi / gaNa-rAjyoM ke ye nAma rAjya va deza ko sUcita nahIM krte| ye janatA ke, logoM ke sUcaka haiM / hameM jana aura janapada meM bheda karanA cAhiye / jana logoM ko, nivAsiyoM ko sUcita karatA hai, janapada deza ko, bhUmi ko| ina gaNoM meM jana mukhya thA, jamIna nahIM / jana se janapada kA nAma par3atA thA, janapada se jana kA nahIM / udAharaNa ke taura para zAkya janapada kI rAjadhAnI kapilavastu thI, para isa janapada kA nAma zAkya thA, zAkya logoM kI vajaha se usakA yaha nAma huvA thA / isI taraha malla, videha, pAJcAla Adi jo nAma hameM dezoM ke milate haiM, ve vastutaH janatA ke nAma the| una una nAmoM ke janoM ( Tribes ) ke kAraNa una una dezoM kA nAma par3A thaa| matalaba yaha hai, ki rAjya meM jana mukhya thA, bhUmi nhiiN| sAmrAjyavAda ke vikAsa se For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kI utpatti pUrva bhArata meM prAyaH sabhI rAjya-cAhe unameM vaMzAkramAnugata rAjAoM kA zAsana ho, cAhe kisI anya prakAra kA zAsana ho--isI taraha ke jana-rAjya ( jAnarAjya ) the / rAjya kA nirmANa jana se hotA thA / yadi koI dUsarA rAjA adhika zaktizAlI ho, hamalA karake deza ko jIta le, to koI vizeSa hAni nahIM / janatA usa deza ko chor3akara kahIM aura jAkara basa sakatI thI / deza china jAne para bhI rAjya jIvita raha sakatA thA / usa jamIna kA mahatva nahIM thA, jisa para jana basatA thaa| mahatva jana kA thA / eka rAjya meM eka hI jana (jAti) kA prAdhAnya hotA thA / yaha matalaba nahIM, ki dUsare loga basate hI na the| ve basate the, para zUdra va dAsa kI haisiyata meM / ve rAjya ke aGga na hote the| rAjya meM basate huye bhI ve usase bAhara samajhe jAte the, kyoMki rAjya meM pradhAnabhUta jana meM ve sammilita na the / rAjya jana kA thA, ataH ve usameM bahiSkRta se rahate the| __ina gaNoM va jana-rAjyoM meM apanI jAtIya utkRSTatA kA bhAva bar3A prabala thA / udAharaNa ke taura para zAkyoM ko liijiye| bauddha granthoM meM kathA AtI hai, ki kozala ke rAjA pasenadI (saMskRta, prasenajit ) ne zAkyoM kI eka rAjakumArI se vivAha karane kI icchA pragaTa kI / usane yaha sandeza lekara apanA rAjadUta zAkyoM kI rAjadhAnI kapilavastu meM bhejA / rAjA pasenadI ke prastAva para vicAra karane ke liye zAkya loga santhAgAra ( sabhA bhavana ) meM ekatrita huve / zAkyoM kA vicAra thA, ki pasenadI ke sAtha apanI rAjakumArI ko vivAhita karanA apanI pratiSThA va AtmAbhimAna se nIce hai / para ve yaha sAhasa bhI na kara sakate ki For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 68 I pasenadI jaise zaktizAlI rAjA ko korA javAba de deM / unheM bhaya thA ki inkAra karane se sAvaTTI ( zrAvastI - kozala deza kI rAjadhAnI ) kA zaktizAlI rAjA kapilavastu para AkramaNa kara use naSTa kara degA / unhoMne eka cAla clii| zAkyoM ke eka saradAra mahAnAma zAkya kI eka kanyA thI, jo dAsI se utpanna huI thI / isakA nAma vAsabhakhattiyA thA / dekhane meM vaha parama sundarI thI, aura yaha sandeha honA kaThina thA ki vaha zuddha zAkya vaMza kI kumArI nahIM thI / zAkyoM ne vAsabhakhattiyA kA vivAha kozala rAjA prasenajit ke sAtha kara diyA / ' mahAnAma zAkya apanI isa dAsI putrI ke sAtha bhojana bhI nahIM khA sakatA thA / prasenajit ke rAjadUtoM ko kucha sandeha huvA, ki vAsabhakhattiyA kahIM dAsI putrI to nahIM hai / unhoMne parIkSA ke liye yaha cAhA ki mahAnAma usake sAtha bhojana kare / AtmAbhimAnI zAkya ke liye yaha sambhava nahIM thA, ki vaha aisA kara ske| para yaha na karane para use bhaya thA, ki prasenajit ke rAjadUta zAkyoM kI cAla samajha jaayeNge| usane eka dUsarI cAla calI / yaha nizcaya kiyA gayA, ki mahAnAma aura vAsabha khattiyA eka thAlI meM bhojana karane ke liye sAtha grAsa vAsabhakhattiyA tor3egI aura khAnA Arambha kregii| isake bAda mahAnAma grAsa tor3egA aura jyoMhI khAne ke liye muMha kI ora le jAne lagegA, khatare kA ghaMTA bajA diyA jAvegA / mahAnAma khAnA-pInA chor3akara eka dama uTha jAvegA aura prasenajit ke dUtoM ko koI sandeha na hone khAne baittheNge| pahalA 1. T.W. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India,pp. 10-11 sq. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kI utpatti paavegaa| ve samajheMge ki khatare ke ghaNTe kI vajaha se mahAnAma ne khAnA chor3a diyA / zAkya loga apanI eka rAjakumArI kA vivAha prasenajit jaise zaktizAlI aura kulIna rAjA ke sAtha bhI nahIM kara sakate the, isa bAta ko vahI bhalI-bhAMti samajha sakatA hai, jo bhArata ke vartamAna jAti bheda se paricita ho| mAmUlI kula kA vaizya bhI bar3e se bar3e rAjA ke sAtha apanI kanyA kA vivAha karane ke liye taiyAra na hogA / kAraNa yahI ki pratyeka jAti apanI uccatA tathA kulInatA kA abhimAna rakhatI hai, pratyeka ko apanI rakta zuddhatA kI cintA hai| bhArata kI prAyaH pratyeka kulIna jAti ke sambandha meM yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai / zAkyoM ke samAna licchaviyoM ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta pAI jAtI hai| licchavi bhI bar3A prasiddha gaNa rAjya huvA hai / bauddha dharma ke sambandha meM jo anuzruti tibbata meM pAI jAtI hai, usakA saMgraha rAkahila mahodaya ne kiyA hai / unake anusAra licchavi logoM meM vivAha ko maryAdita karane ke bar3e kar3e niyama the| vaizAlI (licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI ) kI kumAriyAM vaizAlI se bAhara nahIM byAhI jA sakatI thoN| gaNa meM saba loga eka barAbara hote the| garIba aura amIra, nirbala va zaktizAlI Adi ke bheda cAhe kitane hI hoM, para eka gaNa ke logoM meM koI U~cA nIcA na hotA thA / jAti va kula kI dRSTi se maba samAna 1. Jataka ( Cowell ),Vol.IV, pp.91-92 2. Rockhill, Life of Buddha, p. 62 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 70 hote the| kevala janma dvArA, anya kisI bAta dvArA nahIM, kisI vyakti ko gaNa meM apanI sthiti prApta hotI thii| kauTalIya artha zAstra meM AcArya cANakya ne jahAM saMgha-rAjyoM ( gaNoM) meM Antarika phUTa DAla kara unheM jItane ke upAyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, vahAM isI bAta kA Azraya liyA hai / usane apane 'vijigISu' rAjA ko salAha dI hai, ki gaNoM meM manuSyoM kI kulInatA ke sambandha meM eka dUsare se AkSepa karAke una meM phUTa DalavAve / jaba koI bAhara kA AdamI kisI gaNa rAjya meM Akara basatA thA to usakI bhinna saMjJA hotI thii| udAharaNa ke taura para vRji rAjya ko lIjiye / vRji gaNa kA pratyeka AdamI, jo jana, vaMza, kula Adi kI dRSTi se zuddha vRji ho, vRji kahAyegA / para dUsare loga jo vRji rAjya meM base huve hoM, vRjika kahAveMge / yahI bheda madra aura madraka meM hai / madra gaNa kA pratyeka nivAsI, cAhe vaha zuddha madra jAti kA ho vA nahIM, madraka kahAvegA, para madra usI ko kaheMge, jo zuddha madra-jAti kA ho / pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM eka gaNa-rAjya meM rahane vAle vividha manuSyoM ke liye abhijana' nivAsa aura bhakti kI dRSTi se jo vividha saMjJAoM 1. jAtyA ca sadRzAH sarva kulena sdRshaastthaa| mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 107, 30 2. kauTalIya arthazAstra I] p. 368 3. mahAbhASya Vol.II, pp. 314-15) 4. abhijanazca 4,3,60 5. so'sya nivAsaH 4,3,86 (H. bhakti 4,3,65 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kI utpatti kI vyavasthA kI hai, usakA yahI rahasya hai / gaNa-rAjya ke nivAsI dUsare logoM ko apane rAjya meM nivAsa karane kI anumati dene para bhI unheM ve adhikAra va haisiyata nahIM dete the, jo zuddha jAti ke logoM kI hotI thii| ina gaNa rAjyoM meM kucha usI DhaMga kA vAtAvaraNa hotA thA, jo bAda kI jAta-birAdariyoM meM dikhAI detA hai / zAkya loga vRjiyoM se bhinna the, vRji madroM se| saba dUsaroM kI apekSA apane ko kulIna samajhate the| sabakA apanA apanA 'svadharma' hotA thaa| apanI apanI prathAoM, rIti rivAjoM Adi kA saba bhalI bhAMti pAlana karate the| saba ke apane apane devatA bhI pRthak pRthak hote the| eka sAmAnya pUjA vidhi va dharma ke atirikta vividha gaNoM kI apanI apanI viziSTa pUjA vidhi tathA AcAra vicAra the| saba ke pRthak nagarapAla, digpAla tathA kuladevatA the| ina viziSTatAoM ko bahuta mahatva diyA jAtA thaa| inake pAlana meM saba bar3I vyagratA ke sAtha tatpara rahate the| (2) jaba bhArata meM bar3e sAmrAjyoM kA vikAsa huvA, taba bhI bahuta se gaNa rAjya adhInastha rUpa meM jArI rahe / bhArata ke samrAToM ne inheM mUlataH naSTa kara dene kA udyoga nahIM kiyaa| svatantratA naSTa ho jAne para bhI inakI adhInastha sattA kAyama rhii| bhArata ke sAmrAjyoM meM saba se mukhya aura purAnA sAmrAjya magadha kA thaa| magadha ke maurya samrAToM kI ina rAjyoM ke prati kyA nIti thI, isakA paricaya kauTalIya arthazAstra se milatA hai / vahAM likhA hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 72 "saMgha ( gaNarAjya ) kI prApti mitra aura bala kI prApti kI apekSA adhika mahatva kI hai / jo saMgha Apasa meM mile huve hoM ( paraspara saMghAta hoM), unake prati sAma aura dAma kI nIti kA prayoga kiyA jAya, kyoMki ve zaktizAlI hone se durjeya hote haiM / jo paraspara saMghAta na hoM, unheM daNDa aura bheda ke prayoga se jIta liyA jAya / " isa uddharaNa se spaSTa hai, ki AcArya cANakya kI nIti yaha thI, ki zaktizAlI rAjyoM ko naSTa karane ke sthAna para sAma dAma ke prayoga se vaza meM kiyA jaay| unheM mitra banA kara apane adhIna rakhA jAya, unakI sattA ko svIkAra kara unheM jIvita rahane diyA jAya / jo rAjya nirbala hoM, unheM senA tathA phUTa dvArA jIta liyA jAya / jo bahuta se gaNa rAjya maurya sAmrAjya kI adhInatA meM pRthaka rUpa se adhInastha sattA rakhate the, unameM se kucha kI sUci bhI artha zAstra meM pAI jAtI hai / vahAM likhA hai "licchavika, vRjika, madraka, kukura, kuru, paJcAla Adi rAjazabdopajIvi ( saMgha ) haiN|" "kambhoja, surASTra, kSatriya, zreNi Adi vArtAzastropajIvi ( saMgha ) haiN|" mauryavaMzI mahArAja azoka ke sAmAjya meM bhI bahuta se gaNa rAjya adhInastha rUpa meM vidyamAna the| azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM isa taraha ke 1. kauTalIya arthazAstra XI, p. 378 2. tathA p. 378 For Private and Personal Use Only

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73 agravAla jAti kI utpatti aneka rAjyoM kA ullekha hai / kucha ke nAma nimna likhita haiM- yona, kambhoja, nAbhaka, nAbhapaMkti aura bhoja / ' I ina vividha adhInastha rAjyoM meM apane apane rItirivAja tathA kAnUna pracalita the / maurya samrAT unheM na kevala svIkAra hI karate the, apitu sAmrAjya ke kAnUna kA aMga mAnate the / yahI kAraNa hai, ki ina vividha sthAnIya kAnUnoM ko rAjakIya rajisTaroM meM rajisTarDa ( nibandhapustakastha ) karane kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai / arthazAstra meM likhA hai, ki deza, grAma, jAti kula Adi vividha saMghoM ke apane apane dharma, vyavahAra, caritra Adi ko nibandha pustakoM meM ullikhita kiyA jAya / nyAyAlayoM meM ina sthAnIya kAnUnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhA jAtA thA / maurya sAmrAjya ke nirbala hone para bhAratIya itihAsa meM kendrIbhAva ( Decentralisation ) kI pravRtti phira prabala huI / isake sAtha hI bahuta se gaNa rAjya svatantra ho gaye / yaudheya, mAlava, ziva Adi aneka purAne gaNarAjyoM ne phira se apanI svatantratA prApta kI / zuGga vaMza ke zAsana kAla meM na kevala ye purAne rAjya svatantra huve, para kucha aise rAjya bhI sthApita huve, jinakA prAcIna itihAsa meM ullekha nahIM milatA / mauryoM ke patana ke bAda ina gaNa rAjyoM kI zakti bahuta bar3hI car3hI thI / zuGga aura AndhravaMza ( bhArata ke ) tathA baikTriyana, kuzAna Adi videzI AkrAntA koI bhI inheM pUrI taraha vijaya na kara sake / | 1. azoka ke caturdaza zilAlekha naM0 5 aura 13 2. deza grAma jAti kula saMghAtAnAM dharma vyavahAra caritra saMsthAnaM nibandhapustakasthaM kArayet kauTalIya arthazAstra 11, 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa yaha sambhava nahIM hai, ki isa pustaka meM ina sAmrAjyavAdI zaktiyoM ke mukAbale meM gaNa rAjyoM ke saMgharSa kA varNana kiyA jA ske| para yaha nirvivAda hai, ki ina gaNa rAjyoM meM itanI cetanA, AtmAnubhUti tathA zakti vidyamAna thI, ki maurya, zuGga, kaNva, Andhra, zaka, kuzana Adi vividha vaMzoM ke zaktizAlI samrATa kabhI bhI inheM pUrNatayA naSTa na kara ske| ____ inakI zakti kA eka pradhAna hetu bhAratIya samrAToM kI sahiSNutA kI nIti hI thii| bhArata ke prAcAryoM ne svadharma' ke siddhAnta para bahuta jora diyA hai| jaise pratyeka manuSya ko 'svadharma' kA pAlana karanA cAhiye, vaise hI sAmrAjya ke pratyeka aMga pratyeka grAma, pratyeka kula, pratyeka gaNa Adi ko bhI 'svadharma' meM dRr3ha rahanA cAhiye / pratyeka ke jo apane vyavahAra, rItirivAja, kAnUna Adi haiM, unakA ullaMghana na karanA caahiye| yadi koI inakA ullaMghana kare, to rAjA kA kartavya hai, ki use daNDa de aura 'svadharma para dRr3ha rahane ke liye bAdhita kre|" rAjA jaba apanA 'svadharma' nizcaya kare to, ina vividha aMgoM ke 'svadharma' ko dRSTi meM rakhe,' arthAt aisA prayatna kare, ki inake 'svadharma' kA ullaMghana rAjA bhI na kre| 1. kulAni jAtIH zreNAraca gaNAn jAnapadAn api svadharma calitAn rAjA vinIya sthApayet pathi / / __ yAjJavalkya smRti 1, 360 2. jAti jAnapadAn dharmAn zreNidharmAzca dharmavit samIkSya kudhalAzca svadharma pratipAdayet // manusmRti 8, 41 For Private and Personal Use Only

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75 agravAla jAti kI utpatti isa nIti kA pariNAma yaha hotA thA, ki bar3e bar3e zaktizAlI sAmrAjyoM kA vikAsa ho jAne para bhI gaNa rAjyoM kI sattA kAyama rahatI thii| unameM apanI pRthak anubhUti banI rahatI thii| rAjanItika dRSTi se parAdhIna hote huve bhI sAmAjika jIvana meM ve svAdhIna rahate the| yahI kAraNa hai, ki bar3e bar3e samrAToM ke zAsanakAla meM bhI ye purAne gaNarAjya apanA Arthika va sAmAjika jIvana svatantra rUpa se bitAte the / purAne bhArata meM lokasattAtmaka ( Democratic ) zAsana the vA nahIM, isa prazna para yahAM vivAda karane se kyA lAbha ? para yaha to spaSTa hai, ki sAmrAjyoM ke jamAne meM jaba duniyA meM kahIM bhI janatA kA zAsana na thA, bhArata meM isa nIti ke kAraNa se choTe choTe gaNa rAjya Arthika va sAmAjika kSetra meM svayaM apane mAlika the| Arthika va sAmAjika kSetra meM lokatantra zAsana (Democracy) yahAM taba bhI vidyamAna the| zaktizAlI sAmrAjyoM ke adhIna apanA pRthak jIvana bitAte huve, 'svadharma' kA anusaraNa karate huve ina gaNarAjyoM meM apanI pRthak anubhati banI rhii| yaha bAta bar3e mahatva kI hai| jaba bhI inheM maukA milA, sAmrAjyazakti jarA bhI nirbala huI, apanI rAjanItika svatantratA punaH prApta kara lene meM bhI ye nahIM cuuke| para sadiyoM kI nirantara adhInatA ne inheM rAjanItika dRSTi se balahIna avazya kara diyA / anta meM, inakI rAjanItika sattA sarvathA naSTa ho gaI / kevala sAmAjika sattA raha gaI / ye svatantra gaNoM ke sthAna para jAti-birAdariyAM bana gii| sAmrAjyoM aura gaNoM kA saMgharSa bhAratIya itihAsa meM lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka jArI rhaa| moTe taura para isa saMgharSa kA kAla zaizunAga For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 76 1 vaMza (pAMcavIM sadI IsvI pUrva ) se gupta sAmrAjya ( pAMcavIM sadI IsvI pazcAt ) taka hai / isa lambe saMgharSa se choTe choTe gaNarAjya sarvathA kSINa ho gaye, aura apanI rAjanItika sattA sadA ke liye kho baitthe| mahArAja harSavardhana ke bAda ye gaNarAjya uttarI bhArata se prAyaH lupta ho gaye / yA yUM kahanA adhika ThIka hogA, ki ye rAjya rAjanItika sattA ke sthAna para sAmAjika sattA hI raha gaye / | kucha gaNarAjyoM ko apanI svAdhInatA itanI priya thI, ki ve sAmrAjyavAda kI adhInatA svIkAra karane kI apekSA apanA deza chor3a kara anyatra basa jAne ko adhika pasanda karate the / isIliye unhoMne apane hare bhare zasya zyAmala pradezoM ko chor3a kara marubhUmi kA Azraya liyA / vahAM zaktizAlI samrAToM ke hamaloM se bacakara apanI svAdhIna sattA kI rakSA kara sakanA sambhava thA / yaudheya aura mAlava Adi aneka gaNa isI taraha apane purAne nivAsasthAna ko chor3a kara rAjapUtAnA kI ghATiyoM meM jA base / ' niHsandeha, vahAM ve apanI rakSA karane meM samartha huve / para adhikAMza gaNa apane purAne sthAna para hI rahe / samrATa unakI Antarika svAdhInatA ko svIkAra karate the, unake rIti rivAjoM tathA I kAnUnoM ko mAnate the / na kevala mAnate hI the, para una para unheM dRr3ha rakhane kA prayatna karate the / isase una gaNoM meM apanI pRthak anubhUti 1. K.P.Jayaswal. Hindu Polity. Part I.P.124 For Private and Personal Use Only

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77 agravAla jAti kI utpatti banI rahI / dhIre dhIre usakI rAjasattA samApta ho gaI-para pRthak sattA banI rahI / yahI pRthak sattA Aja bhI kAyama hai| (3) vartamAna samaya kI aneka jAtiyoM kI utpatti prAcIna bhAratIya gaNarAjyoM meM DhUMDhI jA sakatI hai| jAti-bheda kA vikAsa kisa prakAra huvA, yaha prazna bar3A jaTila hai / jAti bheda ke vikAsa meM bahuta se kAraNa haiM, kisI eka hetu se saba jAtiyoM ke mUla va vikAsa kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI / vividha jAtiyoM kA udbhava vividha prakAra se huvA / maiM yahAM bhArata ke sampUrNa jAti bheda kI vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna nahIM karU~gA / na hI maiM yaha prayatna karU~gA, ki prAcIna bhArata ke saba gaNarAjyoM kI pratinidhi rUpa Adhunika jAtiyoM ko pradarzita karU~ / merI sthApanA yaha hai, ki vartamAna samaya kI aneka jAtiyoM kA udbhava prAcIna gaNoM dvArA huvA hai / yathA, agravAla jAti kA udbhava Agreya gaNa se hai| isI sthApanA ko puSTa karane ke liye maiM yahAM yaha pradarzita karanA cAhatA hUM, ki kisa prakAra prAcIna samaya ke aneka gaNarAjya aba jAtiyoM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gaye haiM / kaThinatA yaha hai, ki purAne jamAne ke bahuta se gaNa apanA asalI nivAsa sthAna chor3a kara naye sthAnoM para jA base haiN| para hamAre saubhAgya se kucha jAtiyAM aisI bhI hai, jo apanI purAnI jagaha se bahuta dUra nahIM gaI haiM, aura jinameM apane purAne vaibhava, lupta rAjasattA tathA gaurava kI smRti abhI taka zeSa hai| aisI jAtiyoM dvArA hama bhArata ke jAti bheda kI samasyA ko kucha hadda taka sulajhA sakate haiM / udAharaNa ke liye maiM kucha jAtiyoM ko yahAM detA hU~--- For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 1. grIka aitihAsikoM ne saithoI (Yathroi) nAma ke eka gaNarAjya kA varNana kiyA hai, jo bar3A zaktizAlI rAjya thaa| yadi ksaithoI kA saMskRta rUpa DhUMDheM, to vaha kSatriya banegA / kauTalIya arthazAstra meM eka gaNa va saMgharAjya kA nAma diyA gayA hai, jise kSatriya likhA gayA hai| isakI ginatI vArtAzastropajIvi rAjyoM meM kI gaI hai| isa ksaithoI yA kSatriya gaNa kA nivAsasthAna madhya paMjAba meM rAvI nadI ke samIpa thA, mukhyatayA, usa pradeza meM jahAM Ajakala lAhaura aura amRtasara ke jile haiN| isa prAcIna gaNa ke vartamAna pratinidhi sambhavataH khatrI jAti ke loga haiM, jo mukhyatayA lAhaura aura amRtasara meM rahate haiM / kauTalya ne kSatriya gaNa ko vArtAzastropajIvi kahA hai / vArtA kA matalaba kRSi, pazupAlana aura vANijya vyApAra se hai / purAnA kSatriya gaNa vArtAzastropajIvi thA, arthAt vANijya vyApAra ke sAtha sAtha zastradhAraNa bhI karatA thA / Ajakala ke khatrI bhI mukhyatayA vyApAra karate haiN| rAjanItika sattA naSTa ho jAne se unakI zastropajIvitA prAyaH naSTa ho gaI hai, para vArtApajIvitA abhI jArI hai| zastrAstra ko bhI ve loga pUrI taraha nahIM bhUle haiN| madhyakAlIna musalima yuga meM aneka khatrI acche U~ce rAjanItika padoM para rahe / sikkhoM ke rAjya meM bhI unhoMne acchI vIratA pradarzita kii| aba bhI paMjAba ke zAsana meM unakA acchA sthAna hai| vArtAzastropajIvi logoM kA kyA rUpa thA, isake ve acche udAharaNa haiN| 1. McCrindle-The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great, pp.147,156,252 2. arthazAstra II,p.378 For Private and Personal Use Only

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79 agravAla jAti kI utpatti 2. bauddha sAhitya meM pippalivana ke moriya garaNa kA ullekha AtA hai / ye loga bihAra prAnta ke uttarIya pradeza meM himAlaya kI upatyakA meM basate the / magadha ke bar3hate huve sAmrAjya ne ina para AkramaNa kiyA aura inheM jIta kara apane adhIna kara liyaa| maurya vaMza kI utpatti isI gaNa se huI / moriya gaNa kI eka rAjakumArI pATaliputra meM rahatI thI, usI se candragupta maurya paidA huvA thA / moriya gaNa kA vaMzaja hone se hI candragupta bhI 'moriya' yA 'maurya' kahAtA thA / 2 isa prAcIna moriya gaNa ke vartamAna pratinidhi sambhavataH uttarI bhArata ke moraI va murAva loga haiM, jo mukhyatayA uttarI bihAra va uttara pUrvI avadha meM nivAsa karate haiM / moraI loga bhI khetI - pezA haiM, aura cANakya kI paribhASA meM 'vArtAzastropajIvi' kahe jA sakate haiM / moraI loga apane tIta vaibhava ko sarvathA nahIM bhUla gaye haiM / yadyapi kRSi karane ke kAraNa unheM sAmAnyatA zUdra samajhA jAtA hai, para ve apane ko kSatriya samajhate haiM / kucha dina kI bAta hai, lakhanaU ke cIphakorTa meM eka mukadame meM moI jAti ke eka prativAdI ne apane ko kSatriya siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA thA / usakA yaha bhI kathana thA, ki moraI loga prAcIna moriyoM ke vaMzaja haiM / 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 3. zreNI gaNa kA jikra kauTalIya arthazAstra meM AyA hai, aura usakI gaNanA vArtAzastropajIvi gaNoM meM kI gaI hai| unakA nAma 1. mahApari nibbAna sutta 6, 31 2. Mahavamso 5.14-171 3. kauTalIya arthazAstra XI p. 378 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 80 kSatriya gaNa ke pIche AtA hai aura gaNoM ke krama se sUcanA milatI hai ki ye kSatriya gaNa ke samIpa hI unake pradeza se pUrva kI tarapha basate the / unake vartamAna pratinidhi Ajakala ke 'sainI' loga pratIta hote haiM / sainI loga pUrvI paMjAba va pazcimI saMyuktaprAnta meM rahate haiM / unakA mukhya pezA khetI hai / khatriyoM ke samAna ve bhI vastutaH vArtAzastropajIvi haiN| vArtA kA eka aGga vyApAra jisa prakAra kSatriya gaNa kI vizeSatA thI, vaise hI dUsarA aGga khetI zreNi gaNa kI vizeSatA thii| magadha ke rAjA bimbisAra ko jaina granthoM meM zreNiya' kahA gayA hai| zAyada usakI yaha saMjJA isa zreNigaNa ke sAtha sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa hI thii| 4. prAcIna bhArata ke mahattva pUrNa gaNarAjyoM meM AbhIragaNa anyatama thA / ilAhAbAda meM prApta samudragupta ko prazasti meM isa gaNa kA ullekha milatA hai / IsavI cauthI zatAbdi meM yaha gaNa bar3A zaktizAlI thaa| samudragupta kI prazasti ke atirikta mahAbhArata' tathA anyatra bhI saMskRta sAhitya me : isa gaNa kA jikra pAyA jAtA hai| sambhavataH, Ajakala ke ahIra isI AbhIra gaNa ke vaMzaja haiM / ahIra loga dillI, mathurA tathA paMjAba ke dakSiNa-pUrvI pradeza meM rahate haiM / 5. arAyana paMjAba kI eka jAti hai jo mukhyatayA paMjAba ke sirasA tathA sataluja va sammeta kI ghATiyoM meM rahatI hai| Ajakala ye loga prAyaH saba musalamAna ho cuke haiM / para isameM sandeha nahIM, ki ye bhArata 1. Fleet, Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings, p. 14 2. mahAbhArata 2, 32, 1162 3. manusmati 10, 15 'tathA AbhIra deze kila candrakAMta tribhirvarArIH vipiNanti gopAH, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #83
agravAla jAti kI utpatti kI eka prAcIna jAti hai / merA khayAla hai, ki ye prAcIna ArjunAyana gaNa ke pratinidhi haiM, jinakA jikra prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para AtA hai| 6. rohatagI yA rastogI uttarI bhArata kI eka prasiddha jAti hai / inakA pezA mukhyatayA vyApAra hai| isa jAti kA udbhava mahAbhArata meM varNita rohataka gaNa se huvA pratIta hotA hai / yaha gaNa paMjAba ke dakSiNa pUrvI bhAga meM sthita thA / Ajakala vahIM rohataka nAmakA prasiddha nagara hai / rohitaka aura rohataka eka hI jagaha ke nAma haiM / kucha rohatagI rohataka se hI apanA nikAsa bhI mAnate haiM / yaha sarvathA sambhava hai, ki Ajakala ke rohatagI prAcIna rohitaka gaNa ke pratinidhi hoN| ye 'Agreya' va agravAloM ke par3ausI the| ina dinoM bhI ye donoM jAtiyAM vyApAra tathA AcAra-vicAra kI dRSTi se bahuta adhika bheda nahIM rakhatI haiN| 7. paMjAba kI eka mahatvapUrNa vyApArI jAti aror3A hai / ye loga pradhAnatayA mulatAna tathA usake Asa pAsa ke jiloM meM basate haiM / sambhavataH, ye grIka lekhakoM dvArA varNita araTriyoI ( Aratrioi yA Adraistai ) gaNa ke pratinidhi haiM / yaha gaNa paMjAba ke dakSiNa-pazcimI bhAga meM hI sthita thaa| mahAbhArata meM zAyada isI ko AraTTa likhA gayA hai| 1. K.P Jayaswal ,Hindu Polity, I. p. 124 2. mahAbhArata 3,254,15256 3. MeCrindle,Alexander. p.116 4. mahAbhArata 6,85,3664 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #84
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 8. kauTalIya arthazAstra meM varNita vArtAzastropIvi gaNoM meM eka kAmboja thaa|' mahAbhArata' aura bauddha sAhitya' meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai / sambhavataH, isakI vartamAna pratinidhi kamboha jAti hai, jo pazcimI saMyukta prAnta aura paMjAba meM basatI hai| yaha jAti mukhyatayA kRSi dvArA jIvana nirvAha karatI hai, aura isameM bahuta se acchI haisiyata ke jamIMdAra haiN| kRSi inakI mukhya bhAjIvikA thI, isIliye inheM vArtAzastropajIvi kahA gayA thA-aba bhI yahI inakA mukhya pezA hai / grIka aitihAsika eriyana ne jo kaimbistholI' ( Cambistholi ) rAjya likhA hai, vaha zAyada kamboja gaNa hI hai / yaudheya gaNa prAcIna bhArata kA eka zaktizAlI rAjya thA / rudradAmana zaka ne inheM vaza meM kiyA thA / usane apane zilAlekha meM inakI vIratA tathA zaurya kA bar3e zAnadAra zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai| usane likhA hai-ye yaudheya sampUrNa kSatriyoM meM apanI vIra padavI ko sArthaka rUpa se sthApita karane ke kAraNa bar3e abhimAnI ho gaye the / ' samudragupta kI ilAhAbAda vAlI prazasti meM bhI yaudheyoM kA jikra AyA hai| inake prAcIna gaNa ke aneka sikke bhI upalabdha hote haiM / ina yaudheyoM ke vartamAna pratinidhi sambhavataH johiyA rAjapUta haiM, jo pradhAnatayA 1. kauTalIya arthazAstra XI, p. 378 2. mahAbhArata 2, 27, 1031 3. T. W. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India, p. 28 4. Cunningham. The Ancient Geography of India, p. 216 5. Sanskrit and Prakrit Inscriptions of Kattyawar, p. 19 6. Fleet, Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings, p. 251 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla Ati kI utpatti sataluja ke taTa para basate haiM / saMyuktaprAnta meM bhI kucha johiyA rahate haiM / prAcIna yaudheyoM ke samAna Ajakala ke johiyA rAjapUta bhI acche vIra hai| 10. uttarIya bihAra va pUrvI saMyuktaprAnta meM eka prasiddha jAti nivAsa karatI hai, jise korI va koerI kahate haiM | sambhavataH, ye loga prAcIna koliya gaNa ke pratinidhi haiM, jisakA ullekha bauddha sAhitya meM AtA hai / koliya gaNa kA nivAsa uttarIya bihAra meM thA, aura unake vartamAna pratinidhi apane purAne nivAsa sthAna se abhI bahuta dUra nahIM haTe haiN| ye itane udAharaNa paryApta haiM / inakI saMkhyA ko bahuta bar3hAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM / hamane purAne bhAratIya gaNoM aura Ajakala kI jAta birAdariyoM meM samatA dikhAne kA jo yaha prayatna kiyA hai, vaha kevala udAharaNa ke taura para hI hai / aba bhI bahuta se isI taraha ke udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM / yaha kArya bar3e mahattva kA hai / bhArata ke saikar3oM prAcIna gaNarAjyoM ke Ajakala ke pratinidhiyoM ko DhUMDhane ke liye bar3A samaya cAhiye aura unheM pradarzita karane ke liye eka pRthak pustaka kI AvazyakatA hogii| usake liye hama yahAM prayatna na kreNge| bhArata kI bahuta sI vartamAna jAtiyoM meM yaha kiMvadantI calI AtI haiM, ki unakA udbhava kisI prAcIna rAjA se huvA hai, ve kisI rAjA kI santAna haiM, kisI samaya unakA bhI pRthivI para rAjya thaa| kevala agravAloM 1. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India, p. 29 . For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #86
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa meM nahIM, dUsarI bahuta sI jAtiyoM meM bhI yaha bAta anuzruti dvArA pAI jAtI hai / isa kiMvadantI kA honA kucha abhiprAya rakhatA hai / vastutaH, kisI samaya unakA apanA rAjya--gaNarAjya thA, aura ve kisI gaNarAjya ke hI uttarAdhikArI haiM / isa sambandha meM zrIyut rasela kI jAtibheda sambandhI pustaka se eka uddharaNa denA bahuta upayogI hogA "aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki baniyA logoM kA mUla rAjapUtoM se hai| unameM se aneka jAtiyoM meM kiMvadantI hai, ki unakA udbhava rAjapUtoM se huvA / agravAla kahate haiM, ki unakA sarva prathama pUrvaja eka kSatriya rAjA thaa| usane eka nAga kumArI ke sAtha vivAha kiyA / nAga loga sambhavataH sIdiyana jAti ke the, jo bAhara se bhArata meM Akara base / aneka rAjapUta jAtiyoM kA udbhava inhIM sIdiyana logoM se mAnA jAtA hai / sIdiyana loga nAga kI pUjA karate the, isaliye zAyada nAga kahAte the / agravAloM kA nAma agarohA yA sambhavataH AgarA se pdd'aa| osavAla kahate haiM, ki unakA sarva prathama pUrvaja mAravAr3a ke aosanagara kA rAjA thA, aura vaha rAjapUta thA / usa rAjA ne apane anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha jaina dharma kI dIkSA lI / nema loga batAte haiM, ki unakA udbhava caudaha rAjapUta kumAroM se huvA, jo parazurAma ke kopa se bacane meM samartha huve the| parazurAma ke kopa se bacane ke liye hI unhoMne zastra tyAga kara vyApAra prArambha kiyA thA / khaNDelavAloM kA nAma rAjapUtAnA kI jayapura riyAsata ke khaNDela nAmaka nagara se par3A hai|" 1. R. V. Russel, Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces. Vol. II. pp. 116-117. For Private and Personal Use Only

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85 agravAla jAti kI utpatti Age rasela sAhaba ne isI taraha ke anya bhI bahuta se udAharaNa diye haiN| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir karnala TADa ne apane prasiddha grantha rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa meM caurAsI vaizya jAtiyoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai, jinake sambandha meM unakA khayAla hai ki unakA udbhava rAjapUtoM se huvA thA / isa nAmAvalI meM agravAla, osavAla, zrImAla aura khaNDelavAla nAma bhI Ate haiN| IliyaTa kA bhI yahI khayAla hai ki bhArata kI prAyaH sabhI vyApArI va vaizya jAtiyoM kA udbhava rAjapUtoM se huvA | rAjapUta loga kauna the, unakA udbhava kahAM se aura kisa prakAra huvA, yaha prazna bar3A jaTila haiM / isa para vicAra karane kI yahAM AvazyakatA nahIM / isI taraha brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra - isa cAturvarNya kA kyA abhiprAya hai, yaha prazna bhI bahuta Ter3hA hai / para rasela, TADa, iliyaTa Adi vidvAnoM ne vaizya jAtiyoM meM pracalita jina kiMvadantiyoM kA ullekha kara unakA mUla rAjapUtoM se batAyA hai, usakA aitihAsika dRSTi se yahI abhiprAya hai, ki kisI samaya ina jAtiyoM ke bhI apane rAjya the, unake bhI apane rAjA the / yadyapi Aja inakA koI rAjya nahIM, ye zastra dhAraNa nahIM karatIM, para kisI dina ye apanA zAsana svayaM karatI thIM aura vyApAra ke sAtha-sAtha zastradhAraNa bhI karatI thIM / unakA apanA rAjya hone se unheM mUlata: cAhe kSatriya kahiye cAhe rAjapUta / itihAsa meM vAstavika ghaTanAoM para dRSTi rakhane vAle ke liye isase koI bheda nahIM AtA / para 1. Tod, Rajasthan, Vol. 1, pp. 76, 109. 2. Elliot, Supplementary Glossary. p. 110. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #88
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 86 | unakI apanI pRthaka svatantra rAjanItika sattA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / aise rAjyoM ke liye kauTalIya artha zAstra kA 'vArtAzastropajIvi' vizeSaNa bar3e mahatva kA hai| yaha unakI dazA kA ThIka-ThIka varNana karatA hai / jaisA hama pahale likha cuke haiM, vArtA kA matalaba kRSi, pazupAlana, tathA vaNijyA ( vaNija vyApAra ) se hai / ye gaNa - rAjya mukhyatayA khetI, pazupAlana va vaNija vyApAra karake apanI AjIvikA calAte the / para svatantra rAjya hone se inake liye zastradhAraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hotA thA / saMsAra ke prAcIna itihAsa meM phinIsiyA, kArtheja va kArintha isI taraha ke rAjya the / kArtheja aphrIkA ke uttarI kone meM iTalI ke ThIka sAmane eka choTA sA nagara rAjya ( City state va gaNa ) thA / vyApAra ke liye vaha jagat prasiddha thA / para sAtha hI, vahAM ke loga adbhuta vIra bhI the / roma ke sAtha inake bahuta se yuddha huve / prAcIna duniyAM ke bahuta se rAjya isI taraha ke vArtAzastropajIvi hote the, sAmrAjyavAda ke vikAsa ke kAraNa inakI rAjanItika sattA naSTa ho gaI / inheM zastra dhAraNa kI AvazyakatA na rhii| isa tarapha se chuTTI pAkara inhoMne apanA sArA dhyAna khetI, pazupAlana va vyApAra meM lagA diyA / pariNAma yaha huvA ki ye vizuddha vyApArika jAtiyAM bana gaI / saMsAra ke anya dezoM meM bhI choTe choTe gaNa rAjya the| unake bhI apane rIti rivAja, niyama tathA vizeSatAyeM thIM / sAmrAjyavAdI samrAToM se jIte jAne ke bAda jo ve bhArata ke samAna jAta-birAdarI meM nahIM badala gaI, usakA kAraNa yUropa ke samrAToM kI asahiSNutA hai / dUsare dezoM ke samrAToM ne 'svadharma' para jora nahIM diyA / vividha logoM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #89
agravAla jAti kI utpatti kI apanI vizeSatAoM ko naSTa kara unhoMne saba para eka kAnUna, eka niyama aura paddhati Aropita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai, ki anya dezoM ke gaNa rAjya jAta-birAdarI ke rUpa meM vikasita na ho ske| bhArata ke samrATa, jaisA hama Upara pradarzita kara cuke haiM, sahiSNu the| ve na kevala vividha logoM ke niyama kAnUna ko svIkAra karate the, apitu unheM 'svadharma' para dRr3ha rakhane meM hI apanA kartavya mAnate the / isI kAraNa rAjanItika sattA kho cukane ke bAda bhI bhArata ke gaNa rAjya jIvita rahe aura dhIre dhIre jAta-birAdarI ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gye| yaha bAta bar3e mahatva kI hai, ki agravAloM meM apanI purAnI rAjasattA ke jIte jAgate cihna aAja taka bhI vidyamAna haiM / agravAloM meM vivAha ke avasara para nizAna, nagAr3A, chatra, aura caMvara kA istemAla hotA hai| ye bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra rAjasattA ke cihna mAne gaye haiN| aba taka inakA prayoga meM AnA agravAloM ke purAne Agreya rAjya kA smAraka hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAMcavAM adhyAya Ageya gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena Agreya gaNa yA agravAla jAti kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena thaa| ise khAlI agra bhI likhA gayA hai / agravAla loga ise devatA ke samAna pUjate haiN| ve ise apanA Adi pitAmaha mAnate haiM / isa rAjA agrasena ke viSaya meM bahuta sI danta kathAyeM pracalita haiN| inakA saMgraha ka ka mahodaya ne bar3I sundaratA ke sAtha kiyA hai / hama use yahAM uddhRta karate haiM "usakA pUrvaja rAjA dhanapAla thaa| vaha pratApanagara kA rAjA thaa| kucha logoM ke vicAra meM yaha pratApanagara isI nAma ke rAjapUtAnA ke rAjya ko sUcita karatA hai / dUsare loga yaha samajhate haiM, ki yaha pratApanagara dakkhana yA dakSiNa bhArata meM thA / dhanapAla ke ATha beTe the-ziva, nala, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #91
89 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena anala, nanda, kunda, kumuda vallabha, aura shuk| inake atirikta usakI mukuTA nAma kI eka lar3akI bhI thii| usI samaya vizAla nAma kA eka aura rAjA thA, jisakI ATha kanyAyeM thIM / unake nAma nimnalikhita haiM - padmAvatI, mAlatI, subhagA, kAntI, zrI, zruvA, vasundharA aura rajA / ina ATha kanyAoM kA vivAha dhanapAla ke ATha lar3akoM ke sAtha huA / inameM se nala to saMnyAsI ho gayA / bAkI sAtoM sAta pRthak pRthak rAjyoM ke svAmI huve / ziva ke vaMza meM kramazaH viSNurAja, sudarzana, dhurandhara, samAdhi, mohanadAsa aura neminAtha huve / isa neminAtha ne nepAla basAyA aura apane nAma para usakA nAma nepAla rakkhA / usakA lar3akA vRnda huvA / isane vRndAvana meM eka bar3A bhArI yajJa kiyaa| isI ke nAma se usa jagaha kA nAma vRndAvana par3A / vRnda kA lar3akA rAjA gurjara huvA | usane gujarAta para kabz2A kiyaa| usakA uttarAdhikArI rAjA harihara thA / harihara ke sau putra the / inameM se eka raMgajI rAjA banA, bAkI saba adharma kA anusaraNa karane se zUdra ho ge| raMga jI ke bAda pAMcavI pIr3hI meM rAjA agrasena utpanna huveM / una dinoM nAgaloka kA rAjA - kumuda thA / usakI eka kanyA mAdhavI nAma kI thI, jo bar3I rUpavatI thI / indu usase vivAha karanA cAhatA thA, para rAjA kumuda kI icchA thI, ki mAdhavI kA vivAha rAjA agrasena ke sAtha ho / mAdhavI ke sAtha vivAha ke anantara rAjA agrasena ne bahuta se yajJa banArasa aura haridvAra meM kiye| una dinoM kolapura ke rAjA mahIdhara kI kanyA kA svayaMvara thA / agrasena vahAM bhI gayA aura mahIdhara kI kanyA ko svayaMvara meM prApta kiyA / anta meM vaha dillI ke samIpavartI pradeza meM basa gayA, aura For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #92
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa AgarA tathA agarohA ko rAjadhAnI banA kara rAjya karane lgaa| usakA rAjya himAlaya se gaMgA aura yamunA taka vistRta thA, tathA pazcima meM usakI sImAyeM mAravAr3a ko chUtI thiiN| usakI aThAraha rAniyAM thIM, jinake dvArA cauvana putra tathA aThAraha kanyAeM utpanna huI / vRddhAvasthA meM usane nizcaya kiyA ki apanI pratyeka rAnI ke sAtha eka eka yajJa kre| pratyeka yajJa eka-eka pRthak prAcArya ke supurda thaa| inhIM aThAraha AcAryoM ke nAma se una aThAraha gotroM ke nAma par3e haiM, jinakA prAdurbhAva rAjA agrasena se huvA / jaba vaha antima yajJa kara rahA thA to usameM bAdhA utpanna ho gaI aura vaha use pUrNa na kara skaa| yahI kAraNa haiM ki agravAloM meM satraha pUre aura eka AdhA gotra hai|" yaha spaSTa hai, ki kruka mahodaya ne apanA yaha vivaraNa mukhyatayA bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra kI pustikA 'agravAloM kI utpatti' ke AdhAra para likhA hai| jahAM taka rAjA agrasena ke pUrvajoM kA sambandha hai, hama agale adhyAya meM vistAra se vicAra kreNge| parantu agrasena ke sambandha meM vividha kathAoM tathA vivaraNoM kA ullekha isa adhyAya meM karanA Avazyaka hai| maiM pahale saMskRta grantha 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanama' ke AdhAra para rAjA agrasena kA vRtAnta likhatA huuN| rAjA vallabha kA putra agrasena huvA / vaha eka zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| devatAoM kA rAjA indra usake bala vaibhava se IrSyA karatA thaa| pariNAma yaha huvA, ki indra aura agrasena meM lar3AI zurU huI / indra dhuloka kA 1. W. Crooke. The Tribes and Castes of North-Western Provinces . and Oudh, pp. 14-12 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #93
91 Agreya gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena I rAjA hai, isaliye usane apane zatru agrasena ke rAjya meM varSA kA barasanA banda kara diyA / dIrghakAla taka agrasena ke rAjya meM varSA nahIM huI aura isase bar3A durbhikSa par3A / para isase agrasena nirAza na huvaa| usane mahAlakSmI kI pUjA prArambha kI aura use prasanna karane ke liye aneka prakAra ke tapa kiye / anta meM agrasena kI bhakti aura pUjA se prasanna hokara mahAlakSmI usake sanmukha prakaTa huI aura apane bhakta ko saMbodhana kara isa prakAra bolI "mahArAja, jo vara cAho vahI maaNgo| maiM tumhArI pUjA aura bhakti se pUrNatayA saMtuSTa hU~, aura jo vara mAMgoge, vahI maiM pUrNa karU~gI / " isa para rAjA ne uttara diyA---"yadi Apa mujha para sacamuca prasanna haiM, to indra ko mere vaza meM lAiye / " mahAlakSmI ne svIkAra kiyA aura sAtha hI rAjA agrasena ko kolapura jAne kA Adeza diyaa| vahAM nAgoM ke rAjA mahIratha kI kanyA kA svayaMvara thA / rAjA agrasena mahAlakSmI ke varadAna se bar3A saMtuSTa huvA aura devI ko praNAma kara kolapura ke liye cala par3A | vahAM bar3A bhArI utsava manAyA jA rahA thA / dUra dUra se e huve rAjA aura rAjakumAra svayaMvara sabhA meM ekatrita the / saba U~ce U~ce rAjasiMhAsanoM para virAjamAna the / mahAlakSmI kI AjJA kA pAlana kara agrasena bhI vahAM pahu~cA aura nAgakanyA kA pANigrahaNa karane meM saphala huvA | nAgakanyA aura rAjA agrasena kA vivAha bar3I dhUmadhAma se kiyA gayA / rAjA mahIratha kI tarapha se bahuta se hAthI, ratha, ghur3asavAra padAti, dAsa, dAsI, hIre, motI, suvarNa tathA anya vividha bahumUlya padArtha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #94
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 92 daheja meM diye gaye / ina saba ke sAtha navavivAhita nAgakanyA ko sAtha lekara rAjA agrasena apanI rAjadhAnI ko vApasa AyA / ye saba samAcAra indra ne nArada ke mukha se sune / rAjA agrasena ke utkarSa ko sunakara indra bahuta ghabar3AyA / usane saMdhi kA prastAva lekara nArada ko agrasena ke darabAra meM bhejA / nArada ko dekhakara agrasena bahuta prasanna huvA aura usakA bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha svAgata kiyA / rAjA agrasena ne yahI pratijJA kI ki jo kucha nArada kahegA, vahI karU~gA / isa para nArada ko bahuta saMtoSa huvA aura usane vaizyoM ke rAjA se isa prakAra nivedana kiyA "indra ke sAtha mitratA karalo, isa vyartha ke droha se kyA lAbha ?" 1 aisA kaha kara nArada antardhAna ho gae aura svarga loka meM indra ke pAsa pahu~ce / isa taraha nArada muni ke prayatna se rAjA agrasena aura indra meM sandhi huI / para rAjA agrasena abhI pUrNatayA saMtuSTa na the / ve eka bAra phira yamunA taTa para gae aura apanI navavivAhitA vadhU nAgakanyA ke sAtha tapazcaryA kA prArambha kiyA / kucha samaya kI ghora tapasyA ke pazcAt devI mahAlakSmI prasanna huI / prakaTa hokara unhoMne apane bhakta ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM sambodhana kiyA "he rAjA, ina tapasyAoM ko banda karo, tuma gRhastha ho / gRhasthAzrama saba zrAzramoM meM mukhya hai / saba vargoM aura AzramoM ke loga gRhastha meM hI Azraya lete haiM / isaliye yaha ucita nahIM, ki tuma isa prakAra tapazcaraNa kro| jaisA maiM kahatI hUM, vaisA hI kro| merI AjJA kA pAlana karo, isase tumheM saba sukha vaibhava prApta hogA, tumhAre vaMza ke loga sadA sukhI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #95
Agreya gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena aura saMtuSTa rheNge| tumhArA vaMza saba jAti aura varNoM meM saba se mukhya rhegaa| Aja se lekara tumhArA yaha kula tumhAre nAma se prasiddha hogA aura tumhArI yaha prajA agravaMzIyA kahalAyagI / merI pUjA tumhAre kula meM sadA sthira rahegI aura isI liye yaha sadA vaibhavapUrNa hI rhegaa|" isa prakAra uccAraNa kara devI mahAlakSmI antardhAna ho gii| rAjA agrasena ne bhI devI mahAlakSmI kI AjJA kA pAlana kara yamunA-taTa ko tyAga diyaa| vaha sthAna jahAM ki indra vaza meM kiyA gayA thA, haridvAra se caudaha kosa pazcima meM gaGgA aura yamunA ke bIca meM sthita thaa| vahAM para rAjA agrasena ne smAraka bnvaayaa| usane eka navIna nagara kI bhI sthApanA kI / isa nagara kA vistAra bAraha yojana meM thA / vahAM usane apanI hI jAti ke bahuta se logoM ko basAyA aura karor3oM rupaye zahara ke banAne meM kharca kiye / nagara cAra mukhya sar3akoM dvArA vibhakta thA / pratyeka sar3aka ke donoM tarapha rAja prAsAdoM aura U~cI-U~cI imAratoM kI paMktiyAM thiiN| nagara meM bahuta se udyAna aura kamaloM se bhare huve tAlAba the| nagara ke ThIka bIca meM devI maha lakSmI kA vizAla mandira thaa| vahAM rAta-dina devI mahAlakSmI kI pUjA hotI thii| rAjA agrasena ne sAr3he sataraha yajJa kara ke madhusUdana ko saMtuSTa kiyaa| aThArahaveM yajJa ke bIca meM eka bAra ghor3e kA mAMsa akasmAt isa prakAra bola uThA-"he rAjan ! mAMsa tathA madya ke dvArA vaikuNTha kI jaya karane kA prayatna mata kro| he dayAnidhi,isa madya mAMsa se rahita jIva kabhI pApa se lipta nahIM hotaa|" yaha sunakara rAjA agrasena ko madya mAMsa se ghRNA ho For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #96
94 agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa gaI / usane yajJa ko bIca meM hI banda kara diyA aura yaha aThAharavAM yajJa apUrNa hI raha gayA / isIliye rAjA agrasena ke sAr3he sataraha yazoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ___ agrasena ke yajJoM kA vistRta varNana hamAre dUsare hastalikhita saMskRta grantha 'uru-caritam' meM bahuta adhika vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki rAjA agrasena ke itihAsa meM ina yazoM kA bahuta mahatva hai, ataH hama isa varNana ko bhI yahAM uddhRta karate haiM rAjA agrasena kA bhAI zUrasena thaa| jaba ye donoM bhAI apanA rAjya sthApita kara cuke aura rAjadhAnI bhI bana gaI, taba garga muni ke Adeza se unhoMne yajJa karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| saba dezoM meM yajJa ke nimantraNa bheje gae / yajJa kA vRtAnta suna kara saba muni, devatA, vidvAna aura RSi apanI apanI savArI para car3ha kara yajJa meM sammilita hone ke liye Ae / saba ke Thaharane kA prabandha zUrasena ne bar3e Adara satkAra ke sAtha kiyA / yajJa ke adhiSThAtA rAjA agrasena bane / brahmA kA pada muni garga ne grahaNa kiyaa| sataraha yajJa nirvighna pUrNa ho gae | jaba maharSi loga aThArahavAM yajJa karA rahe the, taba rAjA agrasena ke hRdaya meM hiMsA se akasmAt ghRNA ho gaI, usane apane mana meM socA 'jisa hiMsA se nIca loga naraka ko prApta karate haiM, maiM usI meM pravRtta ho rahA huuN| vaizyoM kA parama dharma to pazu-pAlana tathA unakI saba prakAra se rakSA karanA hai, yajJa meM pazu-vadha hotA hai, ataH maiMne bar3A pApa karma kiyA hai|' yaha vicAra nirantara usake hRdaya meM prabala hotA gyaa| usa dina kA kArya to agrasena ne jaise taise karake samApta kara diyaa| rAta bhara vaha apane For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #97
95 ___ Agreya gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena zayanAgAra meM isI prazna para vicAra karatA rhaa| subaha vaha samaya para yajJa meM zAmila nahIM huvA / yAjJika loga pratIkSA kara rahe the / Apasa meM pUchate the, 'Aja kyA bAta ho gaI jo rAjA nahIM padhAre, eka pahara isI pratIkSA meM bIta gayA, Akhira paNDitoM ne zUrasena ko rAjA ko bulAne ke liye bhejA / zUrasena ne dekhA ki usakA bhAI bahuta dukhI hai| usane hAtha jor3a kara agrasena se kahA, 'kyA kAraNa hai, jo isa asamaya meM Apa itane dukhI haiM / aApakI isa udAsInatA kA kyA hetu hai ?' isa para agrasena ne uttara diyA, 'vaizyoM kA kartavya to pazu-rakSA aura pazupAlana hai / hiMsA karanA bar3A bhArI pApa hai, aura vaizyoM ke liye isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / maiMne bar3I galatI kI, jo yajJa meM pazu hiMsA kii| na jAne isakA kyA phala mujhe bhagavAna degaa| na jAne mujhe kitane janma-janmAntara naraka meM basanA pdd'egaa| isa hiMsAmaya yajJa ko banda kro| isI meM hamArA zreya hai / ' yaha suna kara zUrasena ne uttara diyA'he dukhiyoM para dayAlu, mere vacana ko suno, aba kevala eka yajJa zeSa bacA hai / use pUrNa kara lenA hI acchA hai / phira yaza nahIM karanA, yahI merI bhI sammati hai| yajJa kA samaya Tala rahA hai| isaliye zIghra hI vahAM jAnA caahiye| isa para agrasena ne kahA 'tuma samajhadAra hokara bhI aisI bAta mujhe kyoM kahate ho / manuSya ko jahAM taka bhI ho, pApakarma se bacanA caahiye| jitanA bhI vaha pApa se bacegA utanA hI usakA kalyANa hogaa| pazuhiMsA bar3A pApa hai / tumheM bhI use roka denA cAhiye / merI bAta For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #98
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa mAnakara tumheM bhI yaha pratijJA karanI cAhiye ki hamAre vaMza meM koI AdamI hiMsA na kre|' agrasena kI isa dharmAnukUla saMmati ko sunakara zUrasena ke hRdaya meM bhI hiMsA ke prati ghRNA paidA ho gaI / ve donoM bhAI rAjamahala se nikala kara yajJabhUmi meM Ae / vahAM RSi muni tathA darzakoM kI bahuta bar3I bhIr3a ikaTThI thI / agrasena ke Ate hI sArA maMDapa jayadhvani se gUMja uThA / saba logoM ne harSa prakaTa kiyA / paNDitoM ke Adeza se rAjA agrasena siMhAsana para baiTha gyaa| agrasena ne Adeza diyA ki usake saba putra tathA kanyAyeM yajJa maMDapa meM upasthita hoN| satra ke upasthita hone para rAjA ne saMbodhana karake isa prakAra kahA 'yajJa meM pazuhiMsA se mere hRdaya meM ghRNA utpanna ho gaI hai| aba maiM pazuhiMsA ko ucita nahIM samajhatA / ataH apane saba bhAiyoM, putroM, kanyAoM aura kuTumbiyoM ko yahI upadeza karatA hU~, ki koI hiMsA na kareM / " yaha yajJa adhUrA hI raha gyaa| ___ urucaritam ke isa vivaraNa se rAjA agrasena ke yazoM kA vistAra se varNana milatA hai / bhAToM ke gItoM meM bhI agrasena ke nAgakanyA ke sAtha svayaMvara, indra ke sAtha saMgharSa tathA aThAraha yajJoM kA hAla bahuta kucha isI DhaMga se kahA jAtA hai| rAjA agrasena ke jIvana kI ye mukhya ghaTanAyeM haiM, aura inase unake caritra ke saMbandha meM mahatvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai / yajJoM meM hiMsA se akasmAt ghRNA utpanna hone se unake jIvana meM eka bhArI parivartana A gyaa| aise parivartana ke udAharaNa itihAsa meM aura bhI milate haiM / mauryavaMzI prasiddha samrATa rAjA azoka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #99
Agreya gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena ke jIvana meM bhI isI taraha Akasmika parivartana AyA thaa| bauddha dharma ke itihAsa para usakA bar3A bhArI prabhAva huvaa| rAjA agrasena ke isa vicAra-parivartana se bhI vaizya-jAti ke bhaviSya para bar3A bhArI prabhAva par3A / agravAla loga aAja taka ahiMsA-vrata kA pAlana karate haiM, mAMsa nahIM khAte; dayA-dharma ko mAnate haiM, yaha saba rAjA agrasena ke vicAraparivartana kA hI pariNAma hai| ___ aThAraha yA sAr3he sattaraha yajJoM ko pUrNa kara rAjA agrasena kucha samaya taka aura rAjya karate rahe / Age "agravaizya baMzAnukIrtanam" meM likhA hai eka dina jaba rAjA agrasena pUjA-pATha meM lage dhe, devI mahAlakSmI prakaTa huI / usane unheM saMbodhana karake kahA, 'aba tuma bUr3he ho gae ho / dharma kA anusaraNa kara aba tumheM apanA rAjya apane putra ko supurda karanA cAhie / ' agrasena ne yahI kiyaa| apane bar3e lar3ake vibhu ko rAjagaddI para biThAkara vaha svayaM apanI patnI ke sAtha bana ko cale gye| dakSiNa meM godAvarI nadI ke taTa para jahAM brahmasara hai, vahAM jAkara usane ghora tapa kiyA aura anta meM lakSmI ke Adeza se apanI strI ke sAtha svargaloka gyaa| ___ rAjA agrasena ke sambandha meM jo vividha kimbadantiyAM yA kathAeM pracalita haiM, unakA yahI sAra hai| hamAre saMskRta grantha 'urucaritam' meM indra aura agrasena ke pArasparika saMgharSa kA varNana nahIM kiyA gyaa| isake viparIta 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' meM aSTAdaza yajJoM kA varNana bahuta saMkSepa se diyA gayA hai / 'urucaritam' meM agrasena ke bhAI zUrasena For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #100
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa kA jo ullekha hai, vaha anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| ina bhedoM ke hote huve bhI agrasena kI kathA sarvatra eka sI pAI jAtI hai aura Upara jo kathA hamane dI hai, use paryApta aMza taka prAmANika samajhA jA sakatA hai| agravAla jAti meM agrasena kA sthAna bahuta mahatva kA hai| aneka gharoM meM unakI pratimA va citra kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / agrasena kI sthiti eka devatA se kama nahIM samajhI jaatii| isa daivI rUpa ne rAjA agrasena kI vAstavika aitihAsika sthiti para eka prakAra kA pardA sA DAla diyA hai / rAjA agrasena eka "pRthak vaMzakartA' the| unase eka naye vaMza kA, eka naye rAjya kA prArambha huvA thaa| prAcIna bhArata meM bahuta se pratApI va mahatvAkAMkSI rAjakumAra apanA alaga rAjya banAkara naye vaMza kI sthApanA karate the| mahAbhArata meM aise vyaktiyoM ko 'pRthaka vaMzakartAraH' kahA gayA hai| niHsaMdeha rAjA agrasena isI prakAra ke vyakti the / agale adhyAya meM hama unake vaMza kA varNana kreNge| usameM hama dikhAyeMge, ki ve prAcIna bhArata ke prasiddha rAjavaMza vaizAlaka vaMza kI eka choTI rAja-zAkhA meM utpanna huve the / para unhoMne apane pratApa se eka nayA rAjya kAyama kiyA / apane nAma se eka naye nagara kI sthApanA kI aura eka naye rAjavaMza kA prArambha kiyaa| unake rAjya kA nAma unhIM ke nAma para par3A aura Agreya kahAyA / aba taka bhI isa rAjya ke pratinidhi unake nAma se agravAla kahAte haiN| 1. mahAbhArata, Adi parva 67-2758 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #101
AgraMya gaNa kA saMsthApaka rAjA agrasena agrasena kI jo kathA hamane Upara dI hai, usake kucha bhAga aitihAsika nahIM kahe jA makataM / indra ke sAtha yuddha, mahAlakSmI kA prakaTa honA Adi bAteM zAyada AlaMkArika va kalpanAtmaka haiN| bhArata kI anya prAcIna aitihAsika anuzruti ke samAna rAjA agrasena kI kathA bhI paurANika zailI meM likhI gaI hai / yadi purANoM kI zailI ko dRSTi meM rakkhA jAya, to 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' va 'urucaritam' kI kathA meM koI bhI bAta asAdhAraNa va adbhuta pratIta na hogI / isa kathA meM se aitihAsika sacAI ko pRthaka kara lenA koI bhI kaThina bAta nahIM hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #102
chaTA adhyAya rAjA agrasena kA vaMza hamAre saMskRta grantha 'urucaritam' aura 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' meM kevala rAjA agrasena kI kathA hI nahIM dI gaI, apitu unake pUrvajoM tathA vaMza kA bhI varNana diyA hai / yaha varNana bahuta upayogI hai| kuka mahodaya ne agrasena sambandhI kathAoM kA jo saMgraha kiyA hai, usake anusAra unakA saba se pahalA pUrvaja dhanapAla thA, jo pratApanagara kA rAjA thaa| para 'urucaritam' meM dhanapAla ke pUrvajoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai / isa mahatvapUrNa pustaka meM dhanapAla kA sambandha purANoM ke prasiddha vaizAlaka vaMza ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| vaizAlaka vaMza kA prAdurbhAva manu ke anyatama putra nediSTa yA nAbhA-nediSTa kI santati se huvA thaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #103
rAjA agrasena kA vaMza manu ke pATha putra aura eka kanyA thii| prAcIna bhAratIya anuzruti ke prAyaH sabhI rAjavaMzoM kA prAdurbhAva manu kI isa santati se mAnA gayA hai / manu ke lar3akoM meM cAra mukhya haiM / bar3A lar3akA ikSvAku ayodhyA meM rAjya karatA thaa| usake do putra the, vikukSi-zazAda aura nemi / pahale putra se ayodhyA ke prasiddha aikSvAkava vaMza kA vikAsa huvA / isI ko sUryavaMza bhI kahate haiM / dUsare putra nemi se videha vaMza claa| manu ke eka putra zaryAti ne Anarta meM apanA rAjya kAyama kiyaa| tIsare lar3ake nAbhAga se rathItara vaMza zurU huvA / ' cauthe lar3ake nediSTa yA nAbhAnediSTa se usa prasiddha vaMza kA prArambha huvA, jisakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thii| vaizAlI para zAsana karane ke kAraNa hI aitihAsika loga isa vaMza ko vaizAlaka-vaMza kahate haiM / aneka purANoM meM isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'urucaritam' ne dhanapAla kA sambandha isI vaizAlaka vaMza kI eka choTI rAjazAkhA ke sAtha jor3A hai| hama isa para vistAra se prakAza ddaaleNge| purANoM meM vaizAlaka vaMza kI mukhya zAkhA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai / nAbhAnediSTa ke, jise vividha purANoM meM nediSTa', ariSTa', dhRSTa yA diSTa bhI likhA gayA hai, lar3ake kA nAma nAbhAga thaa| mArkaNDeya 1. Pargiter, Ancient [ulian Historical Trailition, pp. 84-85 1. tathA p. 96 3. urucaritama,zloka 11. +. vAyupurANa 86 / 3-22 5. mArkaNDeya purANa 111 / 4 (6. tathA 113 / 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #104
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa purANa ke anusAra nAbhAga ne eka vaizya kumArI ke sAtha vivAha kara liyA / isI kAraNa vaha svayaM bhI vaizya ho gyaa| usakA lar3akA bhanandana yA bhalandana huvA / vaha eka zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| mArkaNDeya purANa meM likhA hai ki usakA cakra sampUrNa pRthivI para apratihata hokara calatA thA aura usakA mana kabhI anIti kI ora nahIM jAtA thaa|'' usakA lar3akA vAtsapriya thA / vAtsapriya ke bAda kramazaH prAMzu, prajAti aura khanitra huve / khanitra ke vaMzajoM kA vRtAnta yahAM likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / yahI prasiddha vaizAlaka vaMza hai, jisakA varNana sAta purANoM meM milatA hai / purANoM ke atirikta rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI isakA ullekha haiN| ___ para 'urucaritam' ne nAbhAnediSTa, bhalandana aura vAtsapriya ke vaMzajoM kI eka anya zAkhA kA bhI varNana kiyA hai. aura dhanapAla tathA rAjA agrasena ko ina vaMzajoM meM sammilita kiyA hai| isase pUrva ki hama 'urucaritam' ke vivaraNa para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kareM, yaha ucita hogA ki use hama yahAM saMkSepa se ullikhita kara deM-- ____ saMsAra meM saba se pahale brahmA utpanna huve / unakA lar3akA vivasvAn thaa| usake bAda manu huvA / saba vargoM aura AzramoM kA saMsthApaka manu hI thA,manu ke eka putra aura eka kanyA thii| putra kA nAma nediSTa aura kanyA kA nAma ilA thA / kSAtravaMzoM kA prAdurbhAva ilA dvArA huvA / nediSTa ke putra kA nAma anubhAga thaa| usakA putra bhalandana huvA / bhalandana kI I. mArkaNDeya purANa 1.1.6 / 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #105
rAjA agrasena kA vaMza strI marudvI thii| unase vatsapriya utpanna huvaa| vatsapriya kA lar3akA mAMkIla thA / yaha bar3A vidvAn aura mantradraSTA prasiddha huvA / isI mAMkIla ke vaMza meM dhanapAla utpanna huvA, jo bar3A tejasvI aura pratApI thA / usakA caritra bar3A U~cA thA aura brAhmaNoM ne use svayaM rAjya meM prati ThApita kiyA thA / usakA rAjya pratApanagara meM thA / usake ATha putra huve, jinake nAma nimnalikhita haiM-ziva, nala, nanda, anala, kumuda, kunda, vallabha aura zekhara / utkRSTa jJAna ke kAraNa inameM nala saMyAsI ho gyaa| usane apanI icchA se himAlaya parvata meM jAkara tapasyA prArambha kii| bAkI sAtoM putra sAtoM dvIpoM ke svAmI bane / ina meM se ziva jambudvIpa kA rAjA thaa| ziva ke cAra lar3ake the| bar3e lar3ake kA nAma AnaMda thA, vaha rAjA banA aura bAkI tInoM yogI ho gye| Ananda kA putra aya huvA / aya kA putra vizya thA, vizva ke samaya meM vaizya kula kI bar3I unnati huI / vizya ke vaMza meM sudarzana paidA huvaa| usakI do rAniyAM thIM, sevatI aura nalinI / sevatI se dhurandhara paidA huvA / dhurandhara kA lar3akA nandivardhana thaa| nandivardhana se azoka aura phira samAdhi paidA huvA / samAdhi bar3A pratApI rAjA thA / saMsAra bhara meM usakI kIrti prasiddha thI / usake bAda vaMza meM kSINatA Ane lagI / Apasa ke dvapa ke kAraNa loga rAjya ko chor3akara bAhara jAne lage aura pRthivI ke bhinna-bhinna bhAgoM meM basane lge| samAdhi ke vaMzajoM meM Age calakara mohanadAsa bahuta prasiddha huvaa| usakA par3apotA neminAtha thA, usane nayapAla ( nepAla ? ) basAyA / nemi kA lar3akA vRnda huvaa| vRnda kA lar3akA gurjara thaa| usake vaMza meM Age cala kara hari utpanna huvA, jisake For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #106
sau Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 104 putra the / saba se bar3e putra kA nAma raGga thA / hari zarIra meM bahuta nirbala thA, isaliye apane bar3e lar3ake raGga ko rAjya dekara vaha svayaM himAlaya meM tapasyA karane calA gyaa| bAkI ninyAnaveM lar3ake isase bahuta nArAja hue, unhoMne prajA ko satAnA zurU kiyA / rAjya se zAnti naSTa ho gii| yajJa Adi ruka gaye aura janatA meM asantoSa phaila gayA / Akhira loga muni yAjJavalkya ke pAsa gaye aura unase sArA vRttAnta kahA | muni yAjJavalkya rAjA raGga kI rAjasabhA meM Aye aura rAjA ke ninyAnaveM bhAiyoM ko zApa dekara zudra banA diyA / raGga kA lar3akA vizoka thA, usake bAda madhu huvA, madhu ke bAda mahIdhara huvA / mahIdhara ke sAta lar3ake the / saba se bar3e kA nAma ballabha thA / ballabha ke do putra hue, agrasena aura zuramena / agrasena ne gaur3a deza meM apanA pRthaka rAjya sthApita kiyA / I yaha likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki 'uru caritam' kA yaha varNana kruka dvArA diye gaye vRttAnta se bahuta kucha milatA julatA hai / yaha nirdeza hama pahale hI kara cuke haiM ki kruka ke varNana kA mukhya AdhAra bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra kRta 'agravAloM kI utpatti' grantha hai / bhAratendu jI ne yaha pustikA 'mahAlakSmI vrata kathA' yA 'agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam' ke AdhAra para likhI thI / isa saMskRta grantha kA pUrvArdha hameM nahIM mila sakA / para kruka aura bhAratendu jI ke varNana se tulanA karake hama sugamatA se samajha sakate haiM, ki agrasena ke vaMza va pUrvajoM ke sambandha meM hamAre donoM saMskRta granthoM --- urucaritam aura agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam meM vizeSa meda nahIM hai 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #107
105 rAjA agrasena kA vaMza aba hama 'uru caritam' ke varNana kI vivecanA prArambha karate haiM / brahmA, vivasvAn, manu, nediSTa aura nAbhAga ye nAma prAcIna paurANika anuzruti ke anukUla haiM / anubhAga, nAbhAga kA hI rUpAntara hai / anubhAga yA nAbhAga ke bAda bhalandana aura vatsapriya (vAtsapri ) ke nAma bhI paurANika vRtAnta ke anukUla hI haiM / para vatsapriya ke bAda 'uru caritam' meM mAMkIla kA nAma AtA hai| paurANika vaMzAvalI meM mAMkIla kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA / yaha mAMkIla va sAMkIla prAcIna vaidika va saMskRta sAhitya kA bar3A prasiddha vyakti hai| purANoM meM hI anyatra usakA nAma bhalandana aura vAtsapriya ke sAtha eka RSi va mantrakRt ke rUpa meM AyA hai / brahmANDa aura matsya purANoM meM likhA hai, "bhalandana, vatsa aura sAMkIla ye tIna vaizyoM ke pravara aura mantrakRt samajhane cAhiye / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir purANoM ne vaMzAvalI se mAMkIla kA nAma sarvathA chor3a diyA hai, para 'uru caritam' ne use ThIka sthAna para rakkhA hai / sambhavataH mAMkIla se eka naI zAkhA kA prArambha huvA, jo mukhya vaizAlaka zAkhA se bhinna thI / vAtsapriya ke bAda mukhya zAkhA prAMzu aura usake vaMzajoM kI hai, jisakA varNana mArkaNDeya Adi purANoM meM milatA hai / para sambhavataH isI vaMza kI eka anya bhI zAkhA thI, jisameM vAtsapriya ke bAda mAMkIla 1. bhalandanazca vatsazca sAMkIlazcaiva te trayaH / ete mantrakRtazcaitra vaizyAnAM pravarAH smRtAH // 2. matsya purANa 145 / 116-7 ( brahmANDa purANa 2 / 33 / 121-2 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #108
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa aura phira dhanapAla huvA / isa zAkhA kA varNana 'uru caritam' ne kiyA hai / isa zAkhA kI aitihAsika sattA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki mAMkIla eka itihAsa-prasiddha manuSya huvA hai| para yaha bhI sambhava hai, ki dhanapAla vAlI zAkhA mAMkIla se pRthaka na hokara bAda meM pRthak huI ho| 'varNa-viveka-candrikA' ke anusAra prAMzu (bhalandana kA vaMzaja ) ke chaH putra the-moda, pramoda, bAla, modana, pramodana aura zaMkhakarNa / pramodana ke koI santAna nahIM thI, ataH usane ziva ko prasanna karane ke liye ghora tapazcaryA kii| mahAdeva usakI bhakti se prasanna hue aura use yajJa karane kA Adeza diyA / isa yajJa ke agnikuNDa se tIna putra utpanna hue, jinakI santati agravAla, khatrI aura roniyAra kahAI / isa kathana meM kahAM taka sacAI hai, yaha kahanA bahuta kaThina hai / vizeSataH agravAla, khatrI aura roniyAra jAti kA eka hI vaMza se honA kucha saMgata nahIM pratIta hotaa| para yadi isameM sacAI kA kucha bhI aMza hai, to yaha spaSTa hai ki agrasena aura dhanapAla kA vaMza vAtsapri ke bAda mukhya vaizAlaka vaMza se pRthaka na hokara bAda meM--prAMzu aura pramodana ke pIche pRthak huvA / yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki 'varNa viveka candrikA' ne agravAloM ke atirikta do anya vyApArika jAtiyoM kA sambandha purANoM ke vaizAlaka vaMza ke sAtha jor3A hai| 1. agnikuNDAt samudbhUtAH trayaH putrAH sudhArmikAH / agravAleti khatrI ca rauniyAreti saMjJakAH / / (jAti bhAskara pRSTha 269-70) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #109
rAjA agrasena kA vaMza purANoM meM bahuta sI vaMzAvaliyAM dI gaI haiN| para unameM kevala vaizAlaka-vaMza hI aisA hai, jisake kucha rAjA nizcita rUpa se vaizya likhe gaye haiM / yaha bAta bar3e mahatva kI hai, ki agrasena kA vaMza isI vaMzAvalI kI eka zAkhA hai| usakA prAdurbhAva vaizyoM ke pravara bhalandana, vAtsapi aura mAMkIla se huA hai| mArkaNDeya meM kathA dI gaI hai, ki vaizya kumArI se vivAha karane ke kAraNa nAbhAga svayaM vaizya ho gyaa| usakA lar3akA bhana-dana ( bhalandana ) bhI vaizya thA, para vaha Age cala kara kSatriya ho gayA / vaha kSatriya kisa prakAra banA aura vastutaH vaha vaizya na hokara kSatriya hI thA, isakI vyAkhyA bar3e vistAra se mArkaNDeya ne kI haiN| hamArI sammati meM isa saba vyAkhyA kI koI AvazyakatA na thii| sambhavataH mArkaNDeya purANa ke lekhaka ko yaha samajha na AtA thA ki vaizya bhanandana itanA zaktizAlI rAjA kaise ho sakatA hai ! mArkaNDeya purANa kI isa vyAkhyA ke bAvajUda bhI anya aneka purANa bhanandana ko vaizya hI likhate haiM, aura usakI saMtati Aja bhI vaizya hI kahAtI hai| dhanapAla ke vaMzajoM meM anya rAjAoM ke sambandha meM koI bAta nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadyapi hamAre donoM saMskRta grantha inakA varNana eka sA hI karate haiM, tathApi yaha vaMzAvalI paurANika sAhitya meM anyatra kahIM nahIM milatI / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi anya aitihAsika granthoM meM bhI isakA kahIM patA nahIM cltaa| saMbhavataH, paurANika sAhitya ke saMkalanakartA eka aise vaMza kA varNana karanA apanI pratiSThA se nIce kI bAta samajhate the, jo na brAhmaNa RSiyoM kA ho, aura na kSatriya rAjAoM kA ho| paurANika sAhitya meM prAcIna bhArata ke vArtAzastropajIvi gaNoM kA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #110
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 108 kahIM ullekha nahIM / na hI gupta, vardhana, nAga Adi ( jinheM bauddha grantha maMjuzrI mUlakalpa ne vaizya likhA hai aura jinakA vaMza vRtta bhI unameM diyA gayA hai ) vaizya vaMzyoM kA varNana hai / vaizAlaka vaMza kA bhI kevala nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / niHsandeha, mArkaNDeya purANa meM isa vaMza kA bahuta vistAra se varNana hai, para yaha varNana zurU karane se pUrva purANa-lekhaka ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, ki isa vaMza ke loga vaizya na hokara kSatriya the, kevala agastya ke zApa se hI ye vaizya ho gaye the| 'uru caritam' ke anusAra dhanapAla ke ATha lar3akoM kA vivAha rAjA vizAla kI ATha kanyAoM ke mAtha huvA thA / ina kanyAoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiM-- padmAvatI, mAlatI, kAnti, zubhA, bhavyakA, rajA aura sundarI / ina rAjakumAriyoM kA agravAla logoM kI danta-kathAoM meM bar3A mahatva hai / ye agravAloM kI ATha mAtRkAeM mAnI jAtI haiN| jisa rAjA vizAla kI ye kanyAyeM thIM, vaha rapaSTa hI vaizAlaka vaMza kA prasiddha rAjA vizAla thA / bhAgavata purANa meM vizAla ko vaMzakRt kahA gayA hai, aura yaha bhI likhA hai, ki vaizAlI nagarI kA nirmANa usI ne kiyA thA / niHsandeha yaha bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA thA / dhanapAla usakA samakAlIna thA aura usake sAtha vivAha-sambandha se saMbaddha thaa| vaizAlaka vaMza kA varNana karate huve bhAgavata meM eka rAjA dhanada kA jikra AtA hai / vaha tRNabindu kI kanyA iDaviDA kA lar3akA thaa| 1. mArkaNDeya purANa adhyAya 114-115 .). vizAlo vaMzakRt rAjA vaizAlI nirmame purIm / bhAgavata purANa Ix. 2. 33 3. tathA X.2. 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #111
109 rAjA agrasena kA vaMza tRNabindu ke tIna putra bhI the / unameM sabase bar3e kA nAma vizAla thaa|' isa prakAra bhAgavata ke anusAra dhanada aura vizAla samakAlIna the| sambhavataH bhAgavata kA dhanada aura urucaritam tathA anya anavAla kiMvadantiyoM kA dhanapAla eka hI vyakti hai / maiM jAnatA hUM, ki bhAgavata ke isa dhanada kA artha kubera kiyA jAtA hai / anya purANoM meM kubera ko ilavilA kA putra bhI likhA gayA hai / para yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie, ki kubera dhana kA devatA hai / jisa prakAra mahAlakSmI dhana kI devI hai, vaise hI kubera dhana kA mukhya devatA hai / san 1889 meM agarohA kI jo khudAI huI thI, usameM jo mUrti saba se mahattva kI prApta huI thI, vaha kubera kI thii| isase sUcita hotA hai ki agarohA ke nivAsI mahAlakSmI ke samAna kubera ke bhI upAsaka the| isa dazA meM yadi dhanapAla dhanada aura kubera eka hI hoM, to koI Azcarya nhiiN| ___ urucaritam meM jo yaha likhA gayA hai, ki dhanapAla ke vaMzaja neminAtha ne nayapAla yA nepAla basAyA, vaha zAyada ThIka nahIM hai| anya purANoM ke anusAra nepAla ikSvAku ke putra nimi ne basAyA thaa| urucaritam ko nAma sAmya ke kAraNa yaha bhUma huvA pratIta hotA hai| 1. bhAgavata purANa IX, 2, 33 2. Pargiter-Ancient Indian Historical Tradition. p. 95 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #112
sAtavAM adhyAya rAjA agrasena kA kAla agravAla jAti ke itihAsa meM saba se jaTila samasyA rAjA agrasena ke kAla ke sambandha meM hai| bhAratIya tithikrama meM rAjA agrasena kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha nizcita karanA bahuta kaThina hai / usakA koI zilAlekha va sikkA aba taka upalabdha nahIM huvA / na hI kisI anya rAjA ke zilAlekha Adi meM usakA kahIM ullekha hai / isa dazA meM usake kAla kA nizcaya kevala anuzruti ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / bhAToM ke anusAra agrasena kA kAla vetA ke pahale bhAga meM hai / bhATa loga isa sambandha meM itane nizcaya pUrvaka kahate haiM, ki ve agrabAla jAti kI utpatti kI ThIka tithi taka batAte haiM / ve yaha prasiddha dohA sunAte haiM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #113
111 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rAjA agrasena kA kAla yadi maMgasira zani paJcamI tretA pahale carNa / agravAla utpanna bhae, suni bhAkhe zivakarNa // isa dohe meM bhATa zivakarNa anuzruti ke anusAra yaha batAtA hai, ki tretA yuga ke pahale caraNa meM mArgazIrSa mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa meM paMcamI tithi ko zanivAra ke dina agravAloM kI utpatti huI / zivakarNa bhATa kI yaha ukti va anuzruti kahAM taka saca hai, isakI samIkSA karanA bahuta kaThina hai para saubhAgya se, tithikrama sambandhI samasyA kA nirNaya karane ke liye hamAre pAsa aura bhI sAdhana haiM / agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam ke anusAra rAjA agrasena ne kaliyuga saMvat ke 108 ve varSa taka rAjya kiyA / ' jaba agrasena ne rAjya tyAga kiyA, taba kaliyuga ko bIte 108 varSa bIta cuke the / eka anya sthAna para isI grantha meM likhA hai, ki rAjA agrasena ne apane lar3ake vibhu ko vaizAkha mAsa kI pUrNimA ke dina rAjagaddI para abhiSikta kiyA |2 isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai, ki agravAla itihAsa ke mukhya AdhAra isa saMskRta grantha ke anusAra rAjA agrasena ne kaliyuga saMvat 108 meM vaizAkha mAsa kI pUrNimA ke dina apane lar3ake ko rAjagaddI para biThAkara svayaM rAjya kArya se vizrAma pAyA / eka anya sthAna para isI grantha meM likhA hai, ki jaba agrasena rAjagaddI para baiThA, to dvApara yuga samApta ho cukA thA, ' 1. taissArdhaM sa bhuje rAjyaM kalau cASTAdhikaM zatam / zloka 148 2. vaizAkhe pUrNamAsyAM vai vibhuM rAjye'bhiSicya ca / zloka 153 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #114
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa aura kali kA prArambha ho cukA thA / 93 isa taraha spaSTa hai, ki mahAbhArata yuddha kI samApti ke bAda lagabhaga rAjA janamejaya ke samaya meM rAjA agra sena gaddI para baiThe the / agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam ke anusAra rAjA agrasena ko parIkSita va janamejaya kA samakAlIna samajhanA caahie| 1 1. dvAparasyAnta kAleSu kalAvAdigate sati / eka ora DhaMga se hama tithikrama kI samasyA para vicAra karate haiM / hama Upara likha cuke haiM ki agrasena kA pUrvaja dhanapAla vaizAlaka vaMza ke rAjA vizAla kA samakAlIna thA / vizAla kI ATha kanyAoM kA vivAha dhanapAla ke ATha putroM ke sAtha huvA thA / purANoM meM prApta vividha vaMzAbaliyoM meM jo samasAmayikatA ( Synchronism ) pArjiTara ne sthApita kI hai, usake anusAra vizAla ke samakAlIna rAjA kalmASapAda (ayodhyA kA rAjA ) aura dharmaketu ( kAzI kA rAjA ) the| purANoM kI vaMzAvaliyoM meM ( pArjiTara ke anusAra ) vizAla kA nambara samaya kI dRSTi se 54 vAM hai| ataH bhAratIya tithikrama meM dhanapAla kA lagabhaga yahI sthAna honA cAhie / dhanapAla ke bAda agrasena kA nAma 21 rAjAoM ke bAda AtA hai / yadi purANoM kI anya vaMzAvaliyoM ke rAjAoM se, jinakA samaya hameM jJAta hai, agrasena kI samasAmayikatA sthApita karake dekhA jAya, to tretA yuga ke prArambha meM usakA kAla ho sakanA sambhava hI nahIM hai / vaha dvApara ke samApta hone ke bAda hI AvegA / paurANika caturyugI agra 1 d d d zloka 131. 2. Pargiter Ancient Indian Historical Tradition pp. 146-147 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #115
rAjA agrasena kA kAla sena kA samaya tretA yuga ke pahale caraNa meM ho hI kaise sakatA hai ? sambhavataH, bhATa zivakarNa ne purAnI anuzruti meM 'kali' ko badala kara bhUla se ghetA kara diyA hogaa| isa sambandha meM yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai, ki rAjA agrasena sambandhI kiMvadantiyoM va kathAoM meM nAgoM kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| rAjA agrasena kA vivAha nAga kumArI ke sAtha huvA thaa| bhAratIya itihAsa meM mahAbhArata ke bAda kA kAla aisA hai, jaba nAga logoM ne bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| rAjA janamejaya ne nAgoM ko parAsta karane ke liye bar3A bhArI prayatna kiyA thaa| nAga yadyapi bhArata ke madhyadeza ko nahIM vijaya kara sake the, tathApi dakSiNa tathA pazcima meM unakI aneka bastiyAM basa gaI thiiN| yadi rAjA agrasena ke samaya ko kaliyuga ke prArambha hone ke bAda meM rAjA janamejaya ke kAla ke lagabhaga mAnA jAya, to nAga logoM ke sAtha agrasena ke sambandha kI bAta bhI bahuta kucha samajha meM AjAtI hai / nAgoM ke sambandha meM hama adhika vistAra se agale eka adhyAya meM vicAra kreNge| jo bAteM hamane likhI haiM, unase bhAratIya itihAsa meM rAjA agrasena ke kAla ke sambandha meM mahatvapUrNa sUcanAyeM milatI haiN| unakA kAla janamejaya ke kAla ke lagabhaga hai, aura agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam ke anusAra vaizAkha pUrNimA kali saMvat 108 meM unhoMne rAjya tyAga kiyA thaa| agarohA kI prAcInatA ko dRSTi meM rakhate huve yaha tithi asambhava koTi meM nahIM kahI jA sktii| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #116
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 114 , kaliyuga kA prArambha kaba huvA, isa sambandha meM aitihAsikoM meM matabheda hai| prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra kaliyuga kA prArambha aba se lagabhaga pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva huvA thaa| para Aja kala ke bahuta se vidvAna isameM sandeha karate haiN| unakI sammati meM IsvI sana ke prArambha hone se 1400 va 1200 varSa pUrva mahAbhArata yuddha huvA thA, aura usI samaya kaliyuga kA bhI prArambha huvA / isa mata ke anusAra kaliyuga ko zurU huve 3200 varSa ke lagabhaga hote haiN| kucha anya aitihAsika kaliyuga kA samaya isake bhI bAda mAnate haiN| inameM kaunasA mata ThIka hai, isa vivAdagrasta viSaya para vicAra karane kI hameM yahAM AvazyakatA nhiiN| yahAM itanA hI nirdiSTa karanA paryApta hai, ki rAjA agrasena kA kAla mahAbhArata yuddha ke bAda kaliyuga prArambha hone para lagabhaga 100 varSa pIche hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #117
AThavAM adhyAya rAjA agrasena ke uttarAdhikArI 1 kruka dvArA saMgRhIta kiMvadantiyoM ke anusAra rAjA agrasena kI aThAraha rAniyAM thIM aura unase cauvana putra tathA aThAraha kanyAyeM huI / bhAratendu harizcandra jI ne bhI 'agravAloM kI utpatti' meM yahI likhA hai agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam meM agrasena kI aThAraha rAniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vahAM unake nAma bhI die gae haiM, jo nimna likhita haiM-- mitrA, citrA, zubhA, zIlA, zikhA, zAntA, rajA, carA, zacI, sakhI, zirA, rambhA, bhavAnI, sarasA, samA aura mAdhavI / ye nAma kula solaha haiM / zeSa do rAniyoM ke nAma nahIM milate haiM / mAdhavI mukhya rAnI thI / saMbhavataH yahI kolapura ke nAgarAjA kI kanyA thI / 'agravaizya - vaMzAnukIrtanam' meM ina vividha rAniyoM ke putroM ke nAma bhI diye gae | For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #118
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa haiM / 'urucaritam' meM bhI yahI likhA hai, ki agrasena kI aThAraha rAniyAM thIM aura pratyeka rAnI se tIna tIna lar3ake aura eka eka lar3akI huI / para isa grantha meM ina putra putriyoM ke nAma nahIM diye ge| bhAToM ke gItoM meM bhI rAjA agrasena kI aThAraha rAniyAM aura bahuta se putra putriyAM kahI jAtI haiM / prAcIna samaya meM rAjA logoM meM bahuvivAha kI prathA pracalita thI, ataH yaha bAta kucha asaMmbhava nahIM kahI jA sakatI / / ___ agrasena ke lar3akoM meM saba se bar3A vibhu thaa| mahAlakSmI ke Adeza se jaba rAjA agrasena ne rAjya kA parityAga kiyA, taba vibhu hI rAjagaddI para baiThA / apane pitA ke samAna vibhu bhI bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA huvA / agravAloM meM jo yaha kathA calI AtI hai, ki agarohA meM agara koI ghara garIba ho jAtA thA, to bAkI saba use pAMca rupaye nakada aura eka ITa sahAyatA ke rUpa meM dete the , vaha zAyada vibhu ke hI samaya kI hai| 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' meM likhA hai ki jaba koI Agreya ( agravAla) manuSya daridra ho jAtA thA, to use vibhu kI tarapha se eka lAkha mudrA dI jAtI thii| vibhu kI Ayu sau varSa huii| usake bAda usakA lar3akA neminAtha rAjA banA / usake bAda vimala, zukadeva, dhanaJjaya, aura zrInAtha kramazaH rAjagaddI para baitthe| ina rAjAoM ke kevala nAma hI milate haiN| koI mahatva kI ghaTanA inake sambandha meM nahIM likhI gaI / ___ zrInAtha kA lar3akA divAkara thaa| isane purAne paramparAgata dharma ko chor3a kara jaina dharma kI dIkSA lii| jaina agravAloM meM yaha anuzruti 1. Buchanan, Eastern India. Vol. II. p. 465 2.lakSaM dadau mudrAM jJAtau dAridrayamAgate / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #119
rAjA agrasena ke uttarAdhikArI calI AtI hai, ki zrI lohAcArya svAmI agarohA gae aura vahAM unhoMne bahuta se agravAloM ko jainadharma kI dIkSA dii| jainoM ke anusAra usa samaya agarohA meM rAjA divAkara rAjya karate the| ve zrI lohAcArya svAmI ke ziSya ho gae aura unake anukaraNa meM anya bahuta se agarohAnivAsiyoM ne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kiyA / agravAloM meM bahuta se loga jaina dharma ke anuyAyI haiN| ye saba zrI lohAcArya svAmI ko apanA guru mAnate haiN| isa anuzruti kA pramANa jaina granthoM meM DhUMDha sakanA sugama nahIM hai| jaina pustakoM meM do lohAcAryoM kA ullekha AtA hai, pahale candragupta maurya ke samakAlIna bhadrabAhu svAmI ke ziSya zrI lohAcArya aura dUsare zrI sAvantabhadra svAmI, jinakA anya nAma lohAcArya bhI thaa| ye AcArya IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM hue| yaha kahanA bahuta kaThina hai, ki ina do lohAcAryoM meM se kisane agarohA jAkara rAjA divAkara ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA / para 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' kA bhI rAjA divAkara kA ullekha karanA aura use jaina batAnA sUcita karatA hai, ki jaina agravAloM meM pracalita anuzruti aitihAsika tathya para Azrita hai / divAkara ke bAda sudarzana rAjA bnaa| isake viSaya meM likhA hai, ki vRddhAvasthA meM rAjagaddI chor3a kara vaha sanyAsI ho gayA aura kAzI meM nivAsa karane lgaa| usake bAda mahAdeva rAjagaddI para baiThA, jo 1. vRhajjana zabdArNava pRSTha 606 2. zrutAvatAra kathA pRSTha 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #120
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 118 zrInAtha kA putra thA / mahAdeva ke bAda yamAdhara aura phira malaya aura vasu kramazaH rAjA bane / vasu ke bahuta se putra the, jinhoMne pRthak zrATha rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA kii| para vasu kA rAjya usake bhAI nanda ko milA | nanda ke bAda candrazekhara aura phira usakA putra agracandra rAjA banA / agracandra ke sAtha 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam' ne agrasena kI vaMzAvali samApta kara dI hai, aura yaha zubha icchA prakaTa kI hai, ki agracandra ke putra pautra tathA vaMzajoM se yaha nagara sadA suzobhita rahe / candra ke bIca meM jina 'agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam ke atirikta anya kisI grantha se agrasena ke vaMzajoM kA paricaya nahIM milatA hai / bhAToM ke gIta kevala agrasena kI rAniyoM aura putroM ke sambandha meM varNana karate haiN| para isa saMskRta granthakA vivaraNa sarvathA nirAdhAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki kama se kama rAjA divAkara kA nAma jaina agravAloM meM aba taka bhI pracalita haiM I aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki agrasena aura rAjAoM kI nAmAvali dI gaI hai, vaha pUrNa nahI hai / isa sUci meM agrasena se divAkara taka kevala sAta nAma haiM, jabaki ina do rAjAoM ke bIca meM kaI zatAbdiyoM kA antara hai / divAkara kA kAla tIsarI zatAbdI IsavI pUrva se pahale nahIM ho sakatA / dUsarI tarapha agrasena kA kAla kaliyuga kI pahalI zatAbdI meM hai| saMbhavataH, 'agravaizyavaMzAnu kIrtanam' meM kevala prasiddha rAjAoM kA hI ullekha hai 1 Upara kI sUci meM jo nAma diye gaye haiM, ve saMskRta-sAhitya aura zilAlekhoM Adi meM anyatra kahIM nahIM pAye jAte haiM / isakA kAraNa kevala yaha hai, ki Agreya gaNa eka choTA sA rAjya thA / bhArata ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #121
119 rAjA agrasena ke uttarAdhikArI itihAsa meM isane kisI vizAla sAmrAjya kA nirmANa nahIM kiyaa| Agreya ke samAna hI anya bhI saikar3oM gaNa rAjyoM ke rAjAoM va zAsakoM ke nAma bhAratIya sAhitya meM kahIM nahIM milte| mAlava, yaudheya aura kSatriya Adi atyanta prasiddha gaNoM ke sambandha meM bhI hameM koI jJAna nahIM hai| ataH yaha koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM, ki Agreya gaNa ke zAsakoM ke nAma bhI vismRtaprAya hoN| isa gaNa ke sambandha meM jo yaha thor3A bahuta paricaya hameM mila sakA hai, usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki agravaMza meM apane prAcIna gaurava kI kucha kucha smRti zeSa haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #122
navAM adhyAya agravAla jAti kA nAgoM ke sAtha sambandha mAtRpakSa zruti ke anusAra rAjA agrasena kA vivAha kolapura yA ahinagara ke nAga rAjA kI kanyA ke sAtha huvA thA / isa prakAra agravAla loga se nAgoM kI santAna mAne jAte haiM / agravAla logoM meM isa nAga kumArI kI smRti bar3e Adara aura garva kI samajhI jAtI hai / hamAre mAmA kA ghara nAga vaMza meM hai, aisA agravAla loga bar3e abhimAna ke sAtha kahate haiM / kimvadantI ke anusAra rAjA agrasena ke putroM kA vivAha bhI nAga kula kI kumAriyoM se huvA thA / agravAla logoM meM vartamAna samaya meM bhI nAgoM va sarpoM kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / isa sambandha meM kucha bAteM ullekha yogya haiM - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #123
121 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla jAti kA nAgoM ke sAtha sambandha -agravAla loga cAhe ve vaiSNava, zaiva, yA jaina koI bhI hoM, sAMpa ko nahIM mArate / mAranA to dUra rahA, ve use coTa mAranA yA satAnA bhI burA samajhate haiM / 2 - aneka sthAnoM para hindU agravAla apane makAna ke bAharI daravAje ke donoM tarapha sAMpa kI pratimA banAte haiM / isa pratimA kI phala phUla dvArA pUjA bhI kI jAtI hai 1 1 3 - AstIka muni kI pUjA agravAloM meM pracalita hai / isa pUjA kA unameM apanA eka vizeSa DhaMga bhI hai / AstIka muni jaratkAru kA putra thaa| usakI mAtA nAgarAja vAsuki kI bahana thI / jaba rAjA janamejaya ne nAga-yajJa kiyA, taba AstIka muni ne hI nAga takSaka kI prANa rakSA kI thI / 4--- -agravAla gUgA pIra ke bhI upAsaka haiN| gUgA pIra uttarIya bhArata kA eka prasiddha devatA haiM, jisakA nAgoM ke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha hai / kucha loga use nAgarAja kA avatAra samajhate haiM / 5 - AstIka aura gUgA kI pUjA bhI agravAla loga nAgoM ko pUjate haiM / bhAratIya itihAsa meM nAgoM kI samasyA bar3I jaTila haiM / nAga loga kauna the, aura nAgoM kA sApoM ke sAtha kyA sambandha thA, yaha nizcita karanA bar3A kaThina hai / jaba hama aitihAsika dRSTi se isa samasyA para vicAra karate haiM, to nimnalikhita bAteM hamAre sammukha AtI haiM 'maMjuzrImUlakalpa' nAma kA eka bauddha grantha pichale dinoM prakAzita huvA hai / yaha eka itihAsa sambandhI pustaka hai, jisameM bhArata ke aneka ke atirikta nAgapaJcamI ke dina For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #124
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 122 prAcIna rAjavaMzoM kA aitihAsika rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / bahuta se aise rAjavaMza jinakA paurANika sAhitya meM kahIM ullekha nahIM, para zilA lekhoM, sikkoM Adi se jinakI sattA siddha hotI hai, isa grantha meM varNita hai yathA gupta, vardhana, pAla Adi vaMza / isI pustaka meM nAgavaMza kA bhI vRttAnta diyA gayA hai, aura nAgoM ko vaizya yA vaizyanAga likhA gayA hai|' maMju-zrI-mUlakalpa kA yaha ullekha bahuta mahatva kA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki rAjA agrasena kA vaMza bhI vaizya likhA gayA hai, aura isa pustaka se nAgoM kA bhI vaizya honA sUcita hotA hai| __ zrIyut kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne maMjuzrImUlakalpa ke ina vaizyanAgoM kI bhAraziva vaMza se ekatA siddha kI hai| bhAraziva rAjAoM kA paricaya hameM sikkoM aura kucha anya aitihAsika sAdhanoM se milatA hai / bhAraziva rAjAoM ne kuzAnoM kI zakti ko uttarIya bhArata se ucchinna kara deza ko svatantra kiyA thA / kuzAna vijetA jo pazcima kI ora se bhArata vijaya karane ke liye Aye the, dhIre-dhIre sAre deza ko jIta cuke the| vima kaiDaphisasa aura kaniSka inameM sabase pratApI rAjA huve / videziyoM ke zAsana se bhAratIya janatA pIr3ita thI / bhArazivoM ne bhArata ko svatantra kiyA aura videzI kuzAnoM ko ucchinna kara dasa azvamedha yajJa kiye / banArasa kA dazAzvamedha ghATa inhIM daza azvamedhoM kI smRti hai| 1. nAgarAja samAhRyo gauDa rAjA bhaviSyati / ante tasya nRpa tiSThaM jayAdyAvarNata dvizau / / 750 vaizyaiH parivatA vaizyaM nAgAhRyo samantataH / maMju zrImUla kalpa pR0 55, 56 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #125
123 agravAla jAti kA nAgoM ke sAtha sambandha kuzAnoM kI zakti kA mukAbalA karane ke liye bhArazivoM kI yaha nIti thI, ki ve bhArata ke vividha purAtana rAjyoM kI svatantratA kA punaruddhAra karate the aura unake sAtha sthira maitrI sthApita karane ke liye apanI rAjakumAriyoM kA vivAha unake sAtha kara dete the| ina rAjyoM ke liye bhAraziva va nAga samrAToM kI rAjakumAriyoM ke sAtha vivAha karanA bar3e abhimAna kI bAta thii| isI liye aneka zilAlekhoM meM 'phaNIndrasutA' va 'nAgakanyA' ke sAtha vivAha karane kI bAta ko bar3e garva ke sAtha likhA gayA hai| kaI bAra merA vicAra hotA hai, ki rAjA agrasena ke nAgakumArI ke sAtha vivAha karane kI jo bAta agravAloM meM itane garva se smaraNa kI jAtI hai, vaha bhI isI kAla ke sAtha sambandha rakhatI hai / sambhavataH anya bahuta se prAcIna rAjyoM ke sAtha Agreya gaNa kI svatantratA kA bhI isa samaya punaruddhAra huvA hogaa| agarohA nizcaya hI kuzAna sAmrAjya ke zrAdhIna thaa| vima kaiDaphisasa kA to agarohA se vizeSa sambandha thaa| isa avasthA meM kyA Azcarya hai, ki bhAraziva nAgoM ke sAhAyya se agarIhA ke agreya gaNa ne bhI punaH svatantratA prApta kI ho aura usake rAjA ke sAtha bhI nAga kanyA kA vivAha huvA ho| para isa kalpanA meM eka kaThinAI hai| pichale eka adhyAya meM rAjA agrasena kA samaya hamane kaliyuga ke prArambhika bhAga meM sUcita kiyA hai| yadi agrasena kA vaha samaya ThIka hai, to agravAla-anuzruti kI nAga kanyA 'maMjuzrI bhUlakalpa' ke vaizya nAgoM kI kanyA nahIM ho sktii| sambhavataH agravAloM ko mAtRpakSa se sambandha rakhane vAle nAga bhAraziva nAgoM kI apekSA adhika prAcIna haiN| mahAbhArata kI kathA meM jina logoM ne For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #126
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 124 AryAvarta para AkramaNa kiyA thA aura jinakA dhvaMsa rAjA janamejaya ne kiyA thA, ve agrasena ke samakAlIna the / sambhava hai, ki usa samaya AryAvarta ke dakSiNa aura pazcima meM aneka rAjya rahe hoM aura unhIM meM se anyatama kolapura ke nAgarAja kI kanyA ke sAtha agrasena kA sambandha huvA ho / bhAraziva loga bhI AryAvarta ke dakSiNa pradeza ke nivAsI the / yadi ve mahAbhArata ke prAcIna nAgoM ke vaMzaja hoM, to isameM Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / I For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #127
dasavAM adhyAya agravAloM ke gotra agravAloM ke kula aThAraha yA jaisA sAmAnyatayA logoM meM pracalita hai, sAr3he sattaraha gotra haiN| inake nAmoM ke sambandha meM vividha lekhakoM meM matabheda hai| ___zrIyuta zeriMga', zrI risale aura zrI kuka ne agravAloM ke gotroM kI jo sUciyAM dI haiM, unheM yahAM denA upayogI hogaa| ye sUciyAM isa prakAra haiM 1. Sherring, Hindu Tribes and Casten as represented in Benaras, (dekho agravAla ) 2. Risley, The people of India ( dekho agravAla) 3. Crooke, Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, p. 16. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #128
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 126 garga maGgala zrIyut zeriMga kI saci zrIyut risale kI maci zrIyut aka kI sUci 1. garga garga 2. gobhila gobhila gobhila 3. garavAla gAvAla gautama 4. batsila bAtsila vAsala kAsila kAsila kauzika siMhala siMhala saiMgala maGgala mudgala 8. bhadala bhaddala jaimini 9. diMgala siMgala taitarIya 10. eraNa airaNa auraNa 11. tAyala tAyala dhAnyAza Dhelana 13. DhiMgala DhiMgala kauzika 14. tittila tittala tANDeya 15. mittala mittala 16. tundala tundala kazyapa 17. goyala goyala mANDavya 17||. bindala goyana nAgendra ina gotra sUciyoM ko uddhRta karate huve AvazyakatAnusAra kramaparivartana kara diyA gayA hai| jahAM taka ki zrIyut zeriMga tathA zrI0 risale kI sUciyoM kA sambandha hai, unameM bheda bahuta kama hai| para zrIyut TairaNa TairaNa maitreya For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #129
127 agravAloM ke gotra kuka kI sUci pahalI do se bahuta bhinna hai| hameM yaha jJAta nahIM, ki zrI0 kuka ne kisa AdhAra para gotroM ke nAma diye haiN| jahAM taka hameM zAta hai, agravAloM meM pracalita gotroM ke nAma ve hI haiM, jo zrI0 zeriMga va risale ne diye haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM, ki eka hI gotra ko bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para kucha uccAraNa bheda se bolA jAtA hai| jaise eka hI gotra ko kahIM baMsala, kahIM bAMsala, kahIM batsila, bAtsila va bAsala kahate haiM / agravAla loga uttarI bhArata meM dUra-dUra taka phaile huve haiM / sthAna bheda se uccAraNa meM bheda A jAnA svabhAvika hI hai / para kuka ne jo nAma diye haiM, unameM kauzika, maitraiya, kazyapa Adi nAma agravAloM meM kahIM pracalita hoM, aisA hamArA vicAra nahIM hai / sambhavataH kisI paNDita ne pracalita gotroM ke zuddha saMskRta nAma DhUMDhane kA prayAsa kiyA hogA, aura usI ke AdhAra para zrI0 kuka ne unheM apanI sUci meM de diyA hogaa| yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, ki agravAloM meM gotra jIvita jAgRta haiM / ve aba taka kevala logoM ko smaraNa hI nahIM haiM, para vyAvahArika jIvana meM unakA pratidina prayoga hotA hai / vizeSatayA, sagAI vivAha Adi ke nizcaya meM to unake binA kArya cala hI nahIM sktaa| ataH aisA hI prayatna honA cAhiye, ki pracalita nAmoM ko hI liyA jAve / pracalita gotroM kA zuddha saMskRta rUpa DhUMDhane kA eka prayatna ajamera nivAsI zrI rAmacandra ne kiyA thaa| unhoMne apanI choTI sI pustikA 'agravAla-utpatti' meM eka nakzA diyA hai, jisameM na kevala gotroM ke zuddha-rUpa hI diye haiM, para sAtha hI agravAloM ke veda, zAkhA, sUtra tathA pravara bhI diye haiM / isa nakze ko yahAM uddhRta karanA upayogI hogA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #130
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa gotra pravara gobhila yajura jItala jaimina bAsala vatsya azuddha zuddha veda zAkhA sUtra garga yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana goyala yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana goyana gotuma mAdhyandani kAtyAyana mItala maitreya yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana siMgala jagala sAma kausathamI gobhila sAma kausathamI gobhila erana aurva yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana kAMsala kauzika yajura mAdhyandani kAtyAyana kaMchala kazyapa sAma kausathamI gobhila buGgala tANDeya yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana 3 maGgala mANDavya Rg zAkila azvilAyana 3 bindala vaziSTha yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana Dhelana dhoma yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana 3 mudhakala mudgala Rg zAkila pAzvilAyana 3 Tairana dhAnyAza yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana tAyala taittirIya yajur mAdhyandani kAtyAyana 3 nAgala nAgendra sAma kausathamI gobhila 3 zrIyuta rAmacandra ne kisa AdhAra para gotra nAmoM ko zuddha kiyA hai, aura zAkhA veda, sUtra, pravara Adi diye haiM, yaha jAnanA bahuta kaThina For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #131
129 vAloM ke gotra hai / hamAre vicAra meM gotroM ko isa prakAra zuddha karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / saubhAgyavaza, hamAre saMskRta grantha 'agravaizya vaMzAnukIrta - nam' meM pUre aThAraha gotroM kI sUci dI gaI hai, jo nimna likhita hai 1 1. garga 2. goila 3. gAvAla 4. vAtsila 5. kAsila 6. siMhala 7. maMgala 8. maMdala 9. tiMgala 10. airaNa 11. dhairaNa 12. TiMgala 13. tittala 14. mittala 16. tAyala 17. gobhila 18. gavana / se jagaha isa sUci meM jo nAma haiM, ve Ajakala agravAloM meM pracalita gotroM bahuta milate haiM / kahIM kahIM bheda avazya hai / yathA, vAtsila kI baMsala, kAsila kI jagaha kaMsala, maMdala kI jagaha bhaddala bolA jAtA haiM / para isameM aisA bheda nahIM hai, ki kAMsala ko kauzila aura maMgala ko mADavya banA diyA gayA ho| hamArI sammati meM isI sUci ko prAmANika rUpa se svIkRta kiyA jAnA ucita hai / agravAloM meM gotra kA bar3A mahatva hai / vivAha saMbandha nizcita karate huve agravAla loga kevala pitA kA gotra hI nahIM bacAte, apitu mAmA kA bhI gotra bacAte haiM / sagotroM meM vivAha kI kalpanA bhI agravAloM meM asambhava hai / isaliye pratyeka parivAra apane gotra ko smaraNa rakhatA hai, aura eka gotra ke strI puruSa Apasa meM bahana bhAI ke sadRza samajhe jAte haiM / gotra kI samasyA bar3I jaTila hai| jahAM taka brAhmaNoM ke gotroM kA sambandha hai, vahAM unameM bahuta vivAda nahIM / para brAhmaNa-bhinna kSatriya, vaizya Adi jAtiyoM meM gotra kI samasyA bar3I kaThina tathA vivAdAspada For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #132
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 130 hai / vijJAnezvara ne mitAkSarA meM pratipAdita kiyA hai, ki kSatriya jAtiyoM ke apane gotra va pravara nahIM haiN| unake purohitoM ke jo gotra va pravara haiM, vahI kSatriyoM ke bhI haiM / yahI bAta vaizya jAtiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI mAnI jAtI hai / gotra ke Upara saMskRta meM bahuta sI pustakeM pAI haiM / ina pustakoM meM yaha siddhAnta mAnA gayA hai, ki mUla gotra ATha haiM / agastya ko milAkara ( jo saptarSiyoM meM nahIM hai ) saptarSiyoM ( isa prakAra kula ATha RSiyoM ) ke jo putra va santAna haiM, vahI gotra kahAte haiM / isa prakAra jo kula ATha gotra huve, unake nAma nimnalikhita haiM 1. vizvAmitra 2. jamadagni 3. bhAradvAja 4. gautama 5. zratri 6. vaziSTha 7. kAzyapa 8 agastya / yaha siddhAnta ki vastutaH apane gotra brAhmaNoM ke hI hote haiM, aura anya jAtiyAM ( kSatriya vaizya Adi ) apane purohitoM se hI gotra letI haiM, dharmasUtroM meM varNita hai / para prasiddha aitihAsika zrIyuta cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya ne bar3e vistAra ke sAtha aitihAsika dRSTi se isakI samIkSA kI hai| unhoMne apane prasiddha grantha madhyakAlIna hindU bhArata ke itihAsa meM siddha kiyA hai, ki rAjapUtoM meM bahuta se gotra aise haiM, jo brAhmaNoM meM nahIM pAye jAte, jo brAhmaNoM va purohitoM se na lekara svayaM rAjapUtoM ke apane 1. purohita pravarohi rAjJAm 2. saptAnAM saptarSINAm zragastyASTamAnAM yadapatyaM tadgotram ityAcacate ( baudhAyana ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #133
drd Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAloM ke gotra hI gotra hai / yahAM hameM zrIyuta vaidya mahodaya kI yuktiyoM ko doharAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| para jo bAta rAjapUtoM ke sambandha meM satya haiM, vaha anya brAhmaNa-bhinna vaizya agravAla Adi jAtiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI satya hai / yahAM yaha nirdiSTa karanA paryApta haiM, ki agravAloM ke aThAraha gotroM meM se adhikAMza aise haiM, jo brAhmaNoM meM haiM hI nahIM / agravAloM ke gaur3a purohitoM ke jo gotra haiM, ve unake yajamAna agravAloM ke nahIM haiM / baMsala, eraNa Adi gotra brAhmaNoM meM nahIM pAye jAte / isa dazA meM yaha mAnanA ki agravAloM ke gotra purohitoM se cale, kahAM taka yuktisaMgata ho sakatA hai ? sAmAnyatA, yaha samajhA jAtA hai, ki agravAloM ke aThAraha gotra una RSiyoM ke nAma se cale, jo rAjA agrasena ke aThAraha yajJoM meM purohita bane the / 'uru caritam' meM bhI yahI bAta likhI gaI hai / para vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai, ki 'gotra pravara maJjarI' Adi gotra viSayaka pustakoM meM una saba gotroM kI sUci dI gaI haiM, jo aba brAhmaNoM meM pracalita hai, yA kabhI purAne samaya meM bhI brAhmaNoM va RSiyoM meM pracalita the / unameM agravAloM ke bahuta se gotroM kA nAma bhI nahIM hai| rAjapUtoM ke adhikAMza gotra bhI unameM nahIM milate haiM / isa dazA meM yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai, ki agravAloM ke gotra una RSiyoM ke nAmoM se cale, jo agrasena ke aThAraha yazoM meM purohita the / yadi una RSiyoM ke nAma garga, goila, vAtsila, kAsila, tiMgala Adi hote, to unakA prAcIna brAhmaNa gotra sUciyoM meM nAma avazya honA cAhiye thaa| vartamAna samaya meM parivAroM ke vaMza kramAnugata purohita prAcIna samaya se unake Avazyaka rUpa se ve gotra nahIM haiM, jo unake 1 bhI saba agravAla cale A rahe haiM / yajamAnoM ke hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #134
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 132 ataH purohitoM se gotra calane kA mata nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / gotra kA aitihAsika dRSTi se kyA abhiprAya hai, isa viSaya para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| bhArata ke kriyAtmaka jIvana meM na kevala Aja kala gotra kA bar3A bhArI mahatva hai, para prAcInakAla meM bhI isakA aisA hI mahatva thA / maiM isa viSaya para eka naI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hU~ / saMskRta ke prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANini muni ne gotra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai "apatyaM pautra prabhRti gotram" " isakA matalaba yaha hai, ki pautra se zurU karake santati va vaMzajoM ko gotra kahate haiM / ise aura acchI taraha isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAna lIjiye, ki garga nAma kA koI AdamI hai / usakA lar3akA (anantarApatya = jisake bIca meM anya koI santati na ho ) gArgi:- kahAvegA / gArgiH kA lar3akA (yA garga kA potA ) gArgya kahAvegA / isa gArgya se zurU karake Age jo bhI santati hogI, ve satra gotra va gotrApatya kahAveMge, anantarApatya nahIM / para eka samaya meM kevala eka hI gArgya hogA / yadi garga kA eka se adhika potA ho, gArgya kA koI choTA bhAI ho, to vaha gArgya nahIM 1. aSTAdhyAyI 4 - 1.162 2. zrata iJ (aSTAdhyAyI 4-1 - 95 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #135
133 vAloM ke gotra kahAvegA / vaha gotrApatya na kahA kara yuvApatya kahAvegA, aura isI liye use gArgya ke sthAna para gArgyAyaNa kaheMge / aura yadi garga ke pote gArgya kI koI santAna bhI ho, to apane pitA gArgya ke jIte huve vaha gArgyAyaNa kahAvegI, gArgya nhiiN| eka samaya meM kevala eka hI vyakti gotra va gotrApatya kahAvegA - zeSa saba yuvApatya hoMge / apane udAharaNa ko aura spaSTa karane ke liye hama garga ke vaMza meM pandrahavIM pIr3hI ke AdamI ko lete haiM / nissandeha, 'apatyaM pautra prabhRti gotram' sUtra ke anusAra vaha gotra va gotrApatya kahAnA cAhiye / isI artha meM usakI saMjJA gArgya honI cAhiye / para yadi usakA pitA (pIr3hI nambara 14 ) jItA hai, to vaha pitA gotra ( gArgya ) kahAvegA, lar3akA ( pIr3hI naM0 15 ) yuvApatya ( gArgyAyaNa ) kahAvegA / yadi pIr3hI naM0 14 kA koI choTA bhAI ho ( use hama naM014 ka kahate haiM, ) to vaha bhI yuvApatya artha meM gAya hI kahAvegA / " pANini muni ne aSTAdhyAyI meM anantarApatya, gotrApatya aura yuvApatya artha meM bhinna bhinna zabdoM ke vividha pratyaya lagAke jo vividha rUpa banate haiM, unheM bar3e vistAra ke sAtha pradarzita kiyA hai / isa prakAra ke saikar3oM zabda aSTAdhyAyI aura gaNapATha meM diye gaye hai / aSTAdhyAyI meM saba se bar3A prakaraNa taddhita kA haiM, aura usakA mukhya bhAga isI viSaya para hai / pANini ne gotrApatya aura yuvApatya meM bheda dikhAne kA 1. yaJiJozca (aSTAdhyAyI 4-1-101 ) 2. bhrAtari ca jyAyasi ( aSTAdhyAyI 4, 1, 165 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #136
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 134 jo itanA kaSTa kiyA hai, itane zabda saMgRhIta kiye haiM, usakA kucha vizeSa hetu honA cAhiye / hameM mAlUma hai, ki pANini muni ke samaya meM bhArata meM bahuta se gaNa va saMgha rAjya vidyamAna the / zrI kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla ne aSTAdhyAyI ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna bahuta se gaNarAjyoM kI sattA siddha kI haiM / ' ina gaNarAjyoM kA zAsana prAyaH zreNitantra ( Aristocracy yA Oligarchy ) hotA thA / gaNa sabhA meM vividha kuloM ke pratinidhi ekatra hote the, aura rAjya kArya kI cintA karate the / ye pratinidhi voToM dvArA nahIM cune jAte the, apitu pratyeka kula kA netRtva usakA mukhiyA ( gotrApatya yA vRddha 2 ) karatA thA / isaliye eka kula meM eka samaya eka hI gotrApatya va vRddha hotA thA, usa kula ke bAkI saba AdamI yuvApatya kahAte the / kula ke isa vRddha kI vizeSa saMjJA hotI thI, jaise garga dvArA sthApita kula ke gotrApatya va vRddha kI vizeSa saMjJA gAgyai thI, usI kula ke zeSa saba loga gArgyAyaNa kahAte the I pANini kA gotra se yahI abhiprAya haiM / saMkSepa se hama yUM kaha sakate haiM, ki eka gotrakRt ( jisa AdamI kA apanA pRthak gotra calA ho ) ke saba vaMzaja --- usake apane lar3ake (anantarApatya) ko chor3akara - gotra kahAveMge, unameM do bheda hoMge, gotrApatya ( jo vidyamAna santati meM saba se vRddha ho ) aura yuvApatya / isa vivecanA ke bAda hama dharmasUtroM va smRtiyoM meM varNita gotra para vicAra karate haiM / hama abhI likha cuke haiM, ki baudhAyana ke anusAra zurU 1. K. P. Jayaswal, Hindu Polity, Vol. I Chap. IV-X 2. vRddhasya ca pUjAyAm ( zraSTAdhyAyI 4, 1, 166 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #137
135 agravAloM ke gotra meM kula ATha parivAra the, jinase zeSa saba kA udbhava huvA / jaba gotra kA abhiprAya santati hai, to yahI mAnanA hogA ki ATha RSiyoM kI santAna hI saba Arya loga the / Arya jAti ke saba loga, cAhe ve kisI varNa ke ho, cAhe unameM koI bheda, upabheda Adi ho, inhIM aATha RSiyoM kI santAna haiN| mahAbhArata meM eka zloka AtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai: mUla gotrANi catvAri samutpannAni bhArata aMgirAH kazyapazcaiva vaziSThera bhagureva ca / / isa zloka ke anusAra mRla gotra kevala cAra haiM, aMgirA, kazyapa, vaziSTha aura bhRgu / unhIM se zeSa saba kuloM va logoM kI utpatti huii| baudhAyana meM jo pATha mUlagotra diye gaye haiM, unameM aMgirA ke sthAna para usake do potoM-bhAradvAja aura gautama ke nAma haiM / bhRgu ke sthAna para usake vaMzaja jamadagni kA nAma hai / kazyapa aura vaziSTha kA nAma unameM hai hI / tIna nAma naye haiM, jinakA mahAbhArata ke cAra gotroM se koI sIdhA sambandha pratIta nahIM hotA / ye tIna nAma atri, vizvAmitra aura agastya ke haiN| Ajakala bhArata meM gotroM kI saMkhyA cAra va ATha taka sImita nahIM hai| yadi Ajakala ke brAhmaNoM ke gotroM kA hI saMgraha kiyA jAya, to unakI saMkhyA saikar3oM meM jAvegI / aura yadi saba jAtiyoM ke logoM ke gotroM kI sUci banAI jAya, taba to vaha haz2AroM meM phuNcegii| ina saikar3oM hajAroM gotroM kA sambandha mUla cAra va ATha gotroM se DhUMDha sakanA sambhava 1. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva adhyAya 266 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #138
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa nahIM hai / para yadi hama pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke AdhAra para pratipAdita gotra ke abhiprAya ko dRSTi meM rakheM, to yaha samasyA bahuta kaThina pratIta na hogii| prAcIna, bhArata meM jyoM jyoM AbAdI bar3hatI gaI, aura samAja kA vikAsa hotA gayA, svAbhAvika rUpa se tyoM tyoM kuloM va parivAroM kI saMkhyA bhI adhika hotI gaI / pahale se vidyamAna kuloM ke vibhAga hone lage / vizeSa : yogyatA. ke pratApI puruSoM ne apanA pRthak kula sthApita kiyA aura isa taraha eka naye gotra kA prArambha huvA / purAne rAjyoM ne bhI naI bastiyAM basAI / aneka mahAtvAkAMkSI, pratApI manuSya naye sthAnoM para jAkara basane lage, vahAM eka pRthak rAjya bana gyaa| ina pratApI manuSyoM ke netA se eka nayA vaMza calA, aura vividha manuSyoM ne apane naye pRthak gotra zurU kiye / dharmazAstra ke lekhaka bhI isa tathya ko prAMkhoM se ojhala nahIM kara ske| unhoMne bhI anubhava kiyA, ki gotra koI cAra va ATha taka sImita nahIM haiM, unakI saMkhyA to hajAroM lAkhoM meM haiN| pravara maJjarI meM likhA hai: gotrANAM tu sahasrANi prayutAnyarbudAni ca Una pazcAzadevaiSAM pravarA RSi darzanAt / / ' dharmazAstra ke lekhakoM ne gotroM kI itanI adhika saMkhyA ko dekhakara hI yaha anubhava kiyA thA, ki use dhArmika vidhividhAna meM AdhAra rUpa se grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isIliye unhoMne dhArmika kRtyoM ke liye mukhya AdhAra pravara ko mAnA hai| kisI ke pUrvajoM meM yadi koI 1. pravaramaJjarI paSTha 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #139
137 vAloM ke gotra aisA RSi huvA ho, jisane vaidika mantroM kA nirmANa kiyA ho, aura veda mantroM dvArA agni kI stuti kI ho, to use usa vaMza kA 'pravara' kahate haiN| jaba koI AdamI koI dhArmika kRtya karane baiThatA hai, to vaha apane pravara RSi kA nAma lekara agni ko yaha smaraNa dilAtA hai, ki mere isa pUrvaja ne vaidika mantroM dvArA ApakI stuti kI thI, aura maiM usI RSi kI santAna hU~ / pravaroM kI saMkhyA pacAsa se kama hai / vaidika mantroM kI racanA eka vizeSa kAla ke bAda samApta ho gaI thI / isaliye pravara RSiyoM kI saMkhyA nizcita rahI aura pacAsa se Upara na bar3ha sakI / para gotra RSiyoM ke liye aisI koI rukAvaTa na thI / koI bhI pratApI vyakti jisane apanI pRthak sattA kAyama kI, jisane apane kula se pRthak ho nayA kula banAyA, vaha nayA gAMvakRt ho gayA / isa taraha gotroM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI hI gaI / yahI kAraNa haiM, ki Ajakala hajAroM gotra pAye jAte haiM 3 isa sambandha meM hameM vaMzakRt aura gotrakRt kA bheda bhI dRSTi meM rakhanA cAhiye | mahAbhArata meM kucha manuSyoM ko vaMzakRt, baMzakara yA pRthak vaMzakartA ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| aise hI dUsare kucha manuSya gotrakRt kahAye haiN| inameM kyA bheda thA ? vaMzakRt kevala rAjA hI hote the| jaba koI pratApI rAjakumAra va anya vyakti apanA koI pRthak rAjya kAyama kara apanA nayA vaza calAtA thA, to use pRthak vaMzakartA yA vaMzakara kahate the / isake viparIta, jaba rAjya ke andara koI pratApI manuSya apanA nayA kula, nayA gharAnA pRthak rUpa se kAyama karatA thA, yA naye I For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #140
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 138 sthApita huve rAjya meM naye vaMzakartA rAjA ke sAtha jo loga apanA nayA kula kAyama karate the, to unheM gotrakRt kahate the| __ rAjA agrasena eka naye vaMzakara rAjA the / dhanapAla ke vaMza meM utpanna hokara unhoMne devI mahAlakSmI kI bhakti se unheM prasanna kara adbhuta zakti prApta kI aura apane nAma se eka nayA nagara basAkara vahAM navIna rAjya tathA navIna rAjavaMza sthApita kiyA / isIliye unake nAma se nayA rAjya tathA nayA vaMza claa| unake nava sthApita Agreya rAjya meM jo loga base, jo kula va gharAne sammilita huve, ve pahale se vidyamAna the / sambhava hai, kucha gharAne naye bhI hoM, para Agreya gaNa meM sammilita kula saba agrasena kI santAna nahIM the| yaha bAta eka anya pramANa se puSTa kI jA sakatI hai / varNavAla yA bAranavAla nAma kI eka anya vaizya-jAti Aja kala hai / isa jAti meM kaI gotra aise haiM, jo agravAloM meM bhI haiM, jaise vAtsila, goyala aura gAvila / varNavAla jAti kI anuzruti ke anusAra isa jAti kA udbhava rAjA guNadhI se huvA / guNadhI rAjA samAdhi kA putra thA / samAdhi ke do lar3ake the, mohana aura guNadhI / mohana ke vaMza meM rAjA agrasena huve, aura guNadhI se jo pRthak vaMza calA,vaha Age calakara usa vaMza ke rAjA varNa ke nAma se varNavAla va bAranavAla kahAyA, rAjA samAdhi tathA usake pUrvajoM kA varNana hama agrasena ke vaMza kA vRttAnta likhate huve likha cuke haiM / varNavAloM kA samAdhi ke choTe putra guNadhI se udbhUta honA sUcita karatA hai, ki ve bhI vaizAlaka vaMza kI eka choTI zAkhA haiN| ve bhI vaizya bhalandana, vAtsapri aura mAMkIla kI santAna haiN| aba eka hI vaMza kI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #141
139 agravAloM ke gotra do zAkhAoM aura varNavAloM meM eka samAna gotroM kI sattA kA yahI samAdhAna ho sakatA hai, ki ye samAna gotra ( kula va gharAne ) usa samaya se pahale vidyamAna the, jaba guNadhI ne apanA pRthak vaMza kAyama kiyaa| guNadhI kA kAla agrasena se pahale hai| anya gotroM kA udbhava guNadhI aura agrasena ke kAla ke bIca meM huvA samajhA jA sakatA hai / agravAloM ke gotroM ke sambandha meM jo vicAra sAmAnyatayA pracalita hai, maiM use svIkAra karane meM saMkoca karatA hUM / rAjA agrasena ke aThAraha yajJoM ( sataraha pUrNa aura eka apUrNa) meM jina brAhmaNa RSiyoM ne purohita kArya kiyA, unase naye gotra kaise cale, yaha samajhanA kaThina hai / phira agravAloM ke ye gotra kinhIM brAhmaNa RSiyoM meM the bhI nhiiN| mahAbhArata rAmAyaNa, purANa, aSTAdhyAyI, pravaramaJjarI, baudhAyana zrAdi dharma sUtra, smRti granthoM Adi meM prAcIna brAhmaNa RSiyoM ke saikar3oM hajAroM vaMza va gotroM ke nAma milate haiM / unameM agravAloM ke gotroM ( kucha ko chor3akara ) ke nAma kahIM nahIM pAye jAte / agrasena ke putroM ke nAma se gotroM ke calane kI bAta bhI saGgata nahIM hotI hai| prathama to agrasena ke kitane putra the, isameM bhI bar3A matabheda hai / aneka sthAnoM para agrasena ke 54 putroM kI bAta likhI gaI hai| phira agrasena ke bar3e lar3ake rAjA vibhu ke nAma se koI gotra nahIM calA, yaha bAta to spaSTa hI hai / hAM, yadi Agreya gaNa ke aThAraha pradhAna kuloM ko pAlaGkArika rUpa se rAjA agrasena ke putra kahA gayA ho, to dUsarI bAta hai| merA vicAra yaha hai, ki vaizya bhalandana, vAtsapri aura mAMkIla-jo tInoM mantrakRt hone se vaizyoM ke pravara kahe jAte haiM--ke vaMzajoM meM aneka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #142
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 140 pratApI manuSya apanA pRthak kula kAyama karake gotrakRt kI padavI ko prApta karate rahe / garga, goyala, vAtsila Adi isI prakAra ke gotrakRt pratApI puruSa the / inake kula rAjA dhanapAla ke vaMza ke AdhIna - rAjA dhanapAla ke rAjya meM vidyamAna the| jaba rAjA guNadhI ne apanA pRthak vaMza calAkara nayA rAjya kAyama kiyA, to inameM se kucha kula usake sAtha ho gaye / phira jaba rAjA agrasena ne apanA pRthaka vaMza calAkara nayA rAjya kAyama kiyA, to garga, goyala Adi aThAraha pradhAna kula usake sAtha naye rAjya meM sammilita huve / usI prakriyA kA eka udAharaNa bilakula pichale itihAsa se diyA jA sakatA hai / hama isa pustaka ke pahale adhyAya meM rAjAzAhI vAloM kA jikra kara cuke haiN| vahAM hamane yaha bhI batAyA thA, ki inakA prArambha pharukhasiyara ke jamAne meM rAjA ratanacandra dvArA huvA thA / bAdazAhI darabAra meM usakA bar3A mAna thA / musalamAnoM ke sAtha adhika mela jola hone ke kAraNa usakA rahana sahana agravAla birAdarI ke logoM ko pasanda na thA / unhoMne use jAti se bahiSkRta kara denA cAhA / para 1 1 rAjA ratanacandra jaise pratApI puruSa ne isa bAta kI paravAha na kara apanI birAdarI hI pRthak kAyama karalI, jo usake nAma se 'rAjAzAhI' kahAne lagI / agravAloM meM pahale se vidyamAna kucha gotroM ke loga usake sAtha sammilita huve / rAjAzAhI agravAloM meM pUre aThAraha gotra nahIM pAye jAte haiM-- jo loga ratanacaMdra ke prabhAva meM the, ve hI usakI birAdarI meM zAmila huve the / hama kaha sakate haiM, ki rAjA ratanacandra bhI eka ' vaMzakRt ' thA / usake jamAne meM bhArata meM choTe rAjyoM kA yuga samApta ho cukA thA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #143
141 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAloM ke gotra ataH usane koI nayA rAjya to kAyama nahIM kiyA, para sAmAjika kSetra meM eka pRthak birAdarI kAyama kI / usakI sthiti sAmAjika kSetra meM vaMzakRt kI hI hai 1 agravAloM kA cAra va ATha prazna para vicAra karate huve yaha mUla gotroM ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai, isa dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye, ki agravAla kazyapa kI santAna meM se haiN| kazyapa kI ginatI mahAbhArata ke cAra mUla gotra aura baudhAyana ke ATha mUla gotra - donoM meM haiN| kazyapa ke cAra lar3ake the. -avatsAra, asita, vivasvAn aura mitrAvaruNa / vivasvAn kA lar3akA manu thaa| manu ke vividha putroM meM anyatama nediSTa thA / nediSTa se nAbhAga aura nAbhAga se vaizya bhalandana utpanna huvA | usI ke vaMza meM prasiddha vaizAlaka vaMza tathA anya aneka vaizya vaMzoM kA prAdurbhAva huvA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #144
gyArahavAM adhyAya agarohA para videzI AkramaNa bhAToM ke gItoM ke anusAra sikandara nAma ke kisI rAjA ne agarohA para AkramaNa kara use parAsta kiyA thA / bhATa loga bar3e vistAra se sunAte haiM, ki kisa prakAra sikandara ne agarohA para hamalA kiyA aura Apasa kI phUTa kI vajaha se agravAla loga parAsta huve / bhATa loga una kumAroM ke nAma bhI batAte haiM, jo sikandara ke sAtha jA mile the| aise kumAroM kA mukhiyA gokulacanda thA / yuddha meM bahuta se agravAla mAre gaye aura una kI striyAM apane ko agni meM bhasma kara satI ho gaI / vaha sthAna jahAM agravAla striyoM ne apane ko agnideva ke arpaNa kiyA thA, ava taka bhI agrasena ke khaNDaharoM ke samIpa vidyamAna haiM, vahAM satiyoM kI bahuta sI samAdhe haiM, aura usake samIpa hI lakhI - tAlAba hai I For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #145
agarohA para videzI AkramaNa jisa sikandara ke sambandha meM bhAToM kI yaha kiMvadantI pAI jAtI hai, vaha kauna thA, yaha nizcita kara sakanA bahuta kaThina hai| sAmAnyatayA sikandara se prasiddha mesiDoniyana AkrAntA 'alegjeNDara di greTa' (IsA se pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM ) kA grahaNa hotA hai / para usa ke atirikta sikandara nAma ke do sulatAna bhAratIya itihAsa ke afag2Ana kAla meM bhI huve haiM / saMbhava hai, ki jisa sikandara ke hamale kA hAla bhATa loga sunAte haiM, vaha afag2Ana sulatAna sikandara lodI hI ho / para usake samaya se bahuta pahale hI agarohA kA hrAsa zurU ho cukA thaa| ataH isa sambhAvanA para bhI vicAra karane kI jarUrata hai, ki bhAToM ke sikandara kA abhiprAya 'alegjeNDara di greTa' ho sakatA hai / alegjeNDara ke bhAratIya AkramaNa kA jo hAla grIka aitihAsiko ne likhA hai, usameM bhArata ke una rAjyoM kA nAma diyA gayA hai, jinase alegjeNDara kI lar3AI huI thii| inameM se eka agalassi ( Agalassi yA jise vividha lekhakoM ne bhinna prakAra se Agesina, Hiacenstinae. .Argesinue. .\giri, Acensoni aura Gegssonae bhI likhA hai ) bhI thaa| zibi rAjya ko jItane ke bAda alegjeNDara ne agalassi para AkramaNa kiyaa| phreMca aitihAsika sAM mAtA ke anusAra agalassi loga zivi ke pUraba meM rahate the|' 1. McCrindle-Turnsion of India by Alexander the Great. p. 367 2. SuintMartin--inde.p. 115 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #146
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 144 grIka lekhakoM dvArA likhe huve ye agalassi loga kauna the ? isa sambandha meM aneka matabheda haiM / mikranDala ke anusAra agalassi prArjunAyana kA grIka rUpa hai / ArjunAyana gaNa kA ullekha pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI aura alAhAbAda meM upalabdha samudragupta prazasti meM milatA hai / zrIyuta kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla ne agalassi ko agrazreNi se milAyA hai / unhoMne kauTalIya arthazAstra ke 'vArtAzastropajIvi' saMghoM meM parigaNita 'zreNi' ko lekara yaha kalpanA kI hai, ki ANi nAmaka rAjya ke eka se adhika bhAga the / jo mukhya zreNi gaNa thA, use agrazreNi kahate the aura grIka lekhakoM kA agalassi yahI agrazreNi yA mukhya zreNi rAjya hai| merI sammati meM ye donoM pahacAneM ThIka nahIM haiM / ArjunAyana aura agalassi meM koI samatA nahIM hai / bhASA-zAstra kI dRSTi se ye donoM eka nahIM kahe jA sakate / jAyasavAla jI kI kalpanA bar3I adbhuta hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki zreNi nAma kA gaNarAjya prAcIna bhArata meM vidyamAna thA / hamane Upara pradarzita kiyA hai ki isa gaNa ke vartamAna pratinidhi sainI jAti ke loga haiM / para agalassi kI pahacAna karane ke liye hI zreNi gaNa ke aneka bhAgoM kI kalpanA karanA aura unameM pradhAna bhAga ko agrazreNi kahanA kucha yukti-saMgata nahIM pratIta hotA / mere vicAra meM grIka lekhakoM kA agalassi agrasainIya ( agrasena kA ) yA Agreya honA caahiye| agalassi nivAsiyoM kA nAma thA aura agalasa usa sthAna kA / agalasa aura agarohA meM bar3I samAnatA hai| la aura ra tathA sa aura ha bhASA zAstra kI dRSTi se eka hI haiN| yadi 1. K. P. Jayaswal - Hindu Pality, Part I. p. 73 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #147
agarohA para videzI AkramaNa yaha pahacAna ThIka hai, to bhAToM ke gIta eka bahuta purAnI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA smaraNa dilAte haiN| para isa pahacAna meM eka kaThinAI bhI upasthita hotI hai| yaha kaThinAI agalassi kI bhaugolika sthiti ke sambandha meM hai / isameM sandeha nahIM, ki agalassi gaNa zivi gaNa ke pUrva meM thaa| para yadi, jaisA ki sAM matI ne likhA hai, ki una logoM kA nivAsasthAna hAIDespasa ( jhelama ) aura akisanIja ( canAba ) nadiyoM ke saMgama ke samIpa pUrva kI ora thA, to ve usa jagaha se kucha dUrI para the, jahAM aba agarohA ke khaNDahara pAe jAte haiN| para isa sambandha meM hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, ki alegjeNDara ke AkramaNa kA vRtAnta likhane vAle grIka aitihAsikoM ke vivaraNa bahuta kucha aspaSTa haiM / mikraNDala ne svayaM likhA hai, ki aneka bAtoM kI to saMgati lagA sakanA bhI kaThina hai / agarohA sataluja nadI ke pUrva dakSiNa meM hai| ho sakatA hai, ki usa samaya agarohA kA rAjanItika prabhAva satalaja ke pazcima meM bhI vistRta ho, grIka vRttAntoM ke anusAra agalassi bar3A zaktizAlI rAjya thA / alegjeNDara kA unhoMne bar3I vIratA se mukAbalA kiyA thaa| koI Azcarya nahIM, ki usa yuga meM unakA prabhutva agarohA se pazcima kI ora dUra taka phailA huvA ho / mahAbhArata meM bhI Agreya gaNa ke bAda mAlava gaNa kA ullekha hai| isI mAlava ko grIka lekhakoM ne malloi likhA hai / alegjeNDara ne madhya paMjAba ke isa zaktizAlI rAjya majhoi yA mAlava ko jiitaa| usake bAda vaha pUraba meM sIdhA agalassi yA 1. McCrindle, The Invasion of Trdia hy Alexander the great. p.233 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #148
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa Agreya para AkramaNa kara sakatA thaa| agara vaha aisA karatA to usakI vijaya-yAtrA kA mArga mahAbhArata kI karNa digvijaya ke mArga se ThIka ulaTA par3atA / para mAlava ke bAda usane pahale zivi para AkramaNa kiyA, jo mAlava kI apekSA dakSiNa meM thA aura phira pUraba meM agalassi kA vijaya kiyaa| merI sammati meM agalassi aura Agreya kI ekatA bahuta saMbhava hai, aura bhaugolika dRSTi se bhI isameM koI bar3I bAdhA nhiiN| __dUsarA videzI rAjA, jisakA agarohA ke sAtha saMbandha hai, kuzAna vaMzI vima kaiDaphisasa hai, jise paMjAba kI dantakathAoM meM risAlU kahA gayA hai| usakI rAjadhAnI siyAlakoTa (prAcIna zAkala ) thii| kaipTena Ara. sI. Tempala ne siyAlakoTa ke rAjA risAla aura agarohA kI rAjakumArI zIlo kI kathA avikala rUpa se saMkalita kI hai / kaipTena Tempala kI pustaka meM yaha kathA eka sau caubIsa pRSTha meM hai| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, ki isa sArI kathA ko yahAM uddhRta kiyA jAya / para isakA saMkSipta sAra denA upayogI hogaa| zIlAdevI agarohA ke harabaMzasahAya kI lar3akI thI, usakA vivAha siyAlakoTa ke rAjA risAla ke dIvAna mahitA ke sAtha huvA thaa| zIlA bar3I sadAcAriNI aura dharmaprANa strI thii| donoM pati-patnI eka dUsare ke sAtha hRdaya se sneha karate the| jaba rAjA risAla ko mAlUma huvA ki usake dIvAna kI patnI itanI guNavatI hai, taba vaha usa para mugdha ho gayA / usane cAhA ki vaha svayaM zIlAdevI ke sAtha vivAha kara le / para mahitA ke samIpa rahate huve yaha saMbhava nahIM thA, ki vaha apanI icchA ko pUrNa kara sake / ataH rAjA risAla ne kisI rAjakIya kArya para For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #149
agarohA para videzI AkramaNa mAhitA ko siyAlakoTa se bahuta dUra rohatAsagar3ha bheja diyaa| mahitA ko koI bhI sandeha nahIM huvA aura vaha apanI zIlavatI patnI zIlA ko akelA chor3akara dUra deza meM calA gyaa| rAjA risAla ne mahitA kI anupasthiti se pUrA lAbha uThAyA aura zIlA ke ghara meM Ane lgaa| usane hajAra koziza kI, ki zIlA ko dharma bhraSTa kara apane sAtha vivAha karane ke liye rAjI kara le| para usakI eka na clii| zIlA kisI bhI taraha rAjI na huI / Akhira nirAza hokara rAjA risAla ne apanI aMgUThI jisa para usakA nAma khudA huvA thA, zIlA ke zayanAgAra meM chipAkara rakha dI / jaba mahitA rohatAsagar3ha se ghara vApasa AyA to eka dina usakI nigAha isa aMgUThI para par3a gii| mahitA ko sandeha ho gayA / zIlA ne saba bAta sApha sApha kaha dI, para mahitA kA sandeha dUra nahIM huvA / kaI taraha se zIlA kI pavitratA ko parIkSA lI gaI / use daivI parIkSAoM meM se bhI gujArA gyaa| saba meM vaha niSpApa aura pavitra siddha huii| para mahitA ko itane se bhI saMtoSa na huvA, usakA sandeha banA hI rahA / jaba yaha bAta zIlA ke pitA harabaMsasahAya ko mAlUma huI, taba vaha agarohA se siyAlakoTa gayA aura apanI kanyA ko apane sAtha livA laayaa| mahitA ko isa sArI ghaTanA se bar3A duHkha huvaa| zIlA ke prati usake hRdaya meM saccA prema thaa| vaha usake viyoga ko na saha sakA / vaha vairAgI ho gayA aura idhara udhara bhaTakatA huvA vaha Akhira agarohA gayA aura vahIM nirAzA aura duHkha meM prANa tyAga kara diyaa| jaba zIlA ne yaha sunA, to vaha bhI apane pati ke zava ke sAtha satI ho gii| udhara rAjA risAla ko jaba yaha samAcAra jJAta hue, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #150
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 148 taba usakA hRdaya bhI pighala gayA / vaha agarohA paayaa| apane dIvAna mahitA ke sAtha usakA bhI saccA sneha thaa| vaha bhI nirAza hokara prANatyAga karane ke liye taiyAra ho gyaa| ina sacce premiyoM ke sneha ko dekha kara guru gorakhanAtha vahAM Aye aura unakI prArthanA se ziva aura pArvatI vahAM prakaTa huve| unhoMne na kevala risAla kI rakSA kI, para mahitA aura zIlA ko bhI punarujjIvita kara diyaa| ___ yaha bAta bar3e mahatva kI hai, ki uparyukta kathA ke sAtha saMbaddha sthAna aba taka agarohA meM vidyamAna haiN| risAlU kher3A nAmaka sthAna jo agarohA ke sAtha lagA huvA hai, isI kathA ke sAtha saMbaddha hai| satI zIlA kA nAma agravAloM meM bar3e sanmAna ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| yaha nizcita kara sakanA sugama nahIM hai, ki isa kathA meM aitihAsika satya kA aMza kitanA hai ? para yaha nizcita hai, ki agarohA kuzAna sAmrAjya ke antargata thA aura yaha sarvathA sambhava hai, ki rAjA vima kaiDaphisasa yA risAlU kA sambandha vizeSa rUpa se agarohA se rahA ho| kuzAna rAjAoM ke aneka sikke agarohA ke khaNDaharoM meM mile haiM / isase yaha saMbhAvanA aura bhI puSTa hotI hai| agarohA para anya AkramaNa tomAra va tuara rAjapUtoM va gaurI AkrAntAoM ke hue / ina para hama agale adhyAya meM prakAza ddaaleNge| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #151
bArahavAM adhyAya agarohA kA patana aura anta sAmrAjyavAda ke yuga se pUrva jaba bhArata meM bahuta se choTe-choTe gaNarAjya the, taba Agreya gaNa bhI unameM se eka thaa| usa para pahalA sAmrAjyavAdI AkramaNa mesIDona ke rAjA sikandara dvArA huvA / magadha va madhyadeza ke zaktizAlI samrATa pazcima meM itanI dUra taka vijaya nahIM kara sake / mahApadmananda jaisA 'sarvakSatrAntakRt' rAjA bhI itanI dUra taka apane sAmrAjya kA vistAra nahIM kara sakatA thaa| usake sAmrAjya kI pazcimI sImA gaGgA taka hI thii| Agreya tathA paMjAba ke anya gaNa-rAjyoM ko pahale-pahala sikandara ke hI AkramaNoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| hama pradarzita kara cuke haiM, ki anya gaNoM ke sAtha Agreya yA agalassi bhI sikandara dvArA parAsta huvA aura mesiDoniyana sAmrAjya ke AdhIna ho For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #152
. agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 150 gayA / para paJjAba dera taka sikandara ke AdhIna na rahA / candragupta maurya aura AcArya cANakya ke netRtva meM paMjAba ke vividha gaNarAjyoM ne vidroha kiyA aura videzI zAsana se svatantra ho gae / para jaise ki grIka aitihAsika jasTina ne likhA hai, ki Age calakara isI candragupta ne jina rAjyoM ko videziyoM kI dAsatA se mukta kiyA thA, unheM apane zrAdhIna kara liyA aura isa prakAra vaha svAdhInatA kA vidhAyaka na hokara svayaM samrATa ho gyaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki Agreya gaNa maurya sAmrAjya ke antargata thaa| candragupta aura azoka jaise zaktizAlI samrAToM kA sAmrAjya pazcima meM hindukuza parvata mAlA taka phailA huvA thA / para isa vistRta sAmrAjya meM vividha gaNa va saMgha-rAjyoM kI antaH svatantratA kAyama rahI aura sambhavataH Agreya gaNa bhI naSTa nahIM huvaa| agarohA kA rAjA divAkara jisake viSaya meM yaha kimvadantI pracalita haiM, ki use zrI lohAcArya svAmI ne jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA, saMbhavataH mAgadha-sAmrAjya kA adhInastha rAjA hI thA / bhAratIya itihAsa meM IsavI san ke prArambha hone se pAMca sadI pUrva se lagAkara IsavI san ke pAMca sadI bAda taka kA kAla sAmrAjyavAda kA kAla hai| isameM zaizunAga, nanda, maurya, zuMga, kaNva, zrAndhra, gupta Adi vividha vaMzoM ke mAgadha-samrATa bhArata ke bar3e bhAga para apanA ekacchatra sAmrAjya kAyama rakhane meM samartha rahe / bIca meM kucha samaya taka videzI kuzAnoM ne bhI bhArata para zAsana kiyA / matalaba yaha hai ki isa sudIrgha kAla meM bhArata meM choTe gaNa-rAjya prAyaH zaktizAlI samrATo 1. McCrindle, The Invasion of India by Alexander the Grent. p)- 3:27 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #153
151 agarohA kA patana aura anta kI AdhInatA meM rahe / jaba kabhI koI samrATa nirbala hue, to isa avasara se lAbha uThAkara apanI rAjanItika sattA ko punaH sthApita karane se bhI gaNarAjya cUke nahIM / kendrIbhAva ( Centralisation ) aura akendrIbhAva ( Decentralisation ) kI pravRttiyoM meM nirantara saMgharSa calatA rahA / jaba bhI gaNarAjyoM ko avasara milA, ve svatantra ho gaye / para jyoM hI koI samrATa zaktizAlI huvA, usane unheM jItakara punaH apane zrAdhIna kara liyA / isa dIrghakAla meM agarohA ke Agreya gaNa kI bhI yahI gati hotI rahI hogI / mAgadha aura kuzAna sAmrAjyoM kI vaha zrAdhInatA meM hI rahA hogaa| gupta aura vardhana vaMzoM ke kSINa hone para bhArata meM koI eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya nahIM rhaa| aba phira bhArata aneka rAjyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| para isa samaya jo naye vividha rAjya sthApita huve, unake saMsthApaka rAjapUta loga the, jo bhAratIya itihAsa ke raGga-maJca para navIna pragaTa huve the| bhArata ke purAne gaNa-rAjya itanI zatAbdiyoM ke saMgharSa tathA prAdhInatA ke kAraNa apanI rAjanItika sattA kho cuke the / unakA sthAna aba naI rAjanItika zaktiyoM ne liyA, jo rAjapUta kahAtI haiM / ye rAjapUta kauna the ? ye una videzI hUNa jAtiyoM ke pratinidhi the, jinhoMne apane nirantara AkramaNa se mAgadha sAmrAjya ko chinna-bhinna kara diyA thA, yA bhArata kI kucha aisI prAcIna jAtiyoM ke vaMzaja the, jinakI rAjanaitika va sainya-zakti mAgadha aura kuzAna sAmrAjyoM dvArA naSTa hone se raha gaI thI-isa vivAdAspada prazna para vicAra karane kI hameM yahAM AvazyakatA nahIM hai / para yaha spaSTa hai, ki tomara yA tuMara nAma kI eka rAjapUta jAti se AThavIM sadI ke samApta For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #154
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 152 hone se pahale hI, dillI tathA usake samIpavartI pradezoM ko jItakara vahAM apanA rAjya sthApita kara liyA thaa| dillI nagarI ke sambandha meM bhI yaha anuzruti hai, ki usakA nirmANa tomAroM dvArA hI huvA thA / ' dillI meM apanI zakti sthApita karane ke anantara tomAra rAjapUtoM ne agarohA ke Upara AkramaNa kiyA thaa| dillI para tomAroM kA adhikAra kisa samaya huvA, isa sambandha meM aitihAsikoM meM matabheda hai, IliyaTa ke anusAra yaha adhikAra sAta sau chattIsa IsavI meM aura TADa ke anusAra sAta sau bAnaveM IsavI meM sthApita huvA thaa| tomAra rAjapUtoM ne isake kucha hI samaya bAda agarohA kA vijaya kiyA / anuzruti ke anusAra jisa tomAra rAjA ne agarohA tathA usake samIpavatI deza ko vijaya kiyA, usakA nAma vijayapAla thaa|' agravAloM ke bhATa batAte haiM ki samarajIta nAmaka eka rAjapUta rAjA ne agarohA para AkramaNa kara usako vijaya kiyA thaa| samarajIta kisa vaMza kA thA aura kisa deza kA rAjA thA, isa sambandha meM koI sUcanA bhAToM kI gItoM se nahIM miltii| para bhAratIya itihAsa ke rAjapUta-kAla meM tomAra rAjapUtoM ne hI pahale-pahala usa pradeza ko jItA, jisameM 1. dezo'sti hariyAnAkhyaH pRthivyAM svarga sannibhaH / DhillikAkhyA purI tatra tomArairasti nirmitA / / dekho C. I'. Vaidya, History of Mediacal Hindu India, Vol.III. p. 30-1. Cal Cambridge History of lodia. Vol. II, p. 307 aura 15 2, Hissar District Citrater ( History viSayaka adhyAya ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #155
agarohA kA patana aura anta agarohA sthita thA / durbhAgyavaza tuMara rAjapUtoM kI prAcIna vaMzAvali upalabdha nahIM hai, aura aba taka kI khoja se koI aise sAdhana prApta nahIM huve haiM, jinase tomAroM ke prArambhika itihAsa kA patA cala sake / anyathA bhATa gItoM ke samarajIta ko pahacAnanA saMbhava ho sakatA / para yaha nizcita hai, ki tuMara va tomAra rAjapUtoM ne agarohA ko vijaya kiyA aura usa para apanA adhikAra kara liyaa| isake bAda jaba cauhAna rAjapUtoM kA utkarSa huvA aura unhoMne tomAroM ko parAsta kara dillI tathA usake samIpavatIM pradezoM para apanA adhikAra jamA liyA, taba agarohA bhI tomAroM ke sAtha se nikala kara cauhAnoM ke AdhIna ho gayA / ___ bhAratIya itihAsa ke prArambhika madhyakAla meM agarohA nizcaya hI tomAra aura phira cauhAnoM ke AdhIna rhaa| kucha agravAla isI kAla meM agarohA chor3akara anya sthAnoM para basane lge| para agarohA abhI ujar3A nahIM thaa| adhikAMza agravAla abhI agarohA meM hI rahate the / rAjanaitika sattA naSTa ho jAne ke bAvajUda bhI vahAM unakI apanI bastI thI / dasavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa bhArata para zurU huve / san eka hajAra saiMtIsa meM mahamUda gaz2anavI ke lar3ake masUda gaz2anavI ne hAMsI para AkramaNa kiyA / hAMsI agarohe ke bahuta samIpa hai, aura una dinoM vahAM eka bar3A mazahUra durga thA / masUda ne usakA gherA DAla diyA aura use jItane meM samartha huvaa| para agarohA gajanavI AkrAntAoM ke AkramaNoM se bacA rhaa| bArahavI sadI ke anta meM gaurI paThAnoM ke AkramaNa zurU hue| inhIM AkramaNoM ke samaya meM agarohA kA vAstavika rUpa se vinAza huvaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #156
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 154 zAhabuddIna gaurI aura dillI ke rAjA pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke pArasparika yuddhoM kA varNana karane kI yahAM koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| ye yuddha mukhyatayA dillI ke pazcima meM karanAla aura hisAra jiloM meM hI lar3e gaye the / agarohA isa bhayaGkara saMgharSa ke prabhAva se nahIM baca sakA / bhAToM ke gIta sarvasammati se batAte haiM, ki gaurI zrAkrAntA ne agarohA para bhI hamalA kiyA aura use naSTa kiyA / isa samaya agarohA kA vAstavika dhvaMsa huvA aura usakA purAnA vaibhava use phira kabhI prApta nahIM huvA / __parantu phira bhI agarohA eka choTe se nagara ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rhaa| jaisA ki hama pahale eka adhyAya meM pradarzita kara cuke haiM, tug2alaka-vaMza ke zAsana kAla meM agarohA bhI eka z2ilA thaa| parantu eka z2ile kA mukhya nagara hote hue bhI agarohA kA hAsa rukA nhiiN| isa samaya yaha eka purAne khaNDaharoM kA Dhera mAtra hI zeSa raha gayA hai, jisake samIpa eka bahuta choTA sA usI nAma kA gAMva agarohA ke atIta vaibhava kA upahAsa sA kara rahA hai / isa gAMva meM thor3e se kisAna basate haiM, aura Agreya gaNa kA koI bhI vaMzaja vahAM vidyamAna nhiiN| purAnA agarohA vistRta kher3e ke nIce dabA par3A hai| gaurI AkrAntAoM se agarohA ke naSTa kiye jAne ke bAda agravAloM ne vahAM se jAkara dUsare sthAnoM para basanA zurU kiyaa| apanA prAcIna ghara chor3a kara ve uttarIya bhArata meM sarvatra phailane lage / unakA eka bar3A bhAga agarohA ke samIpa hI dakSiNa kI tarapha rAjapUtAne meM calA gyaa| vahAM jAkara mAravAr3a meM unhoMne apanI bastiyAM basAI / rAjapUtAne ke anya bhI aneka sthAnoM para ve gae / dUsare agravAla pUrva aura uttara kI tarapha jAkara For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #157
155 agarohA kA patana aura anta dillI tathA usa ke AsapAsa ke pradezoM meM basane lge| dhIre dhIre ve aura pradezoM meM bhI jAne lage aura isa prakAra prAyaH sarvatra uttarIya bhArata meM phaila ge| ___ para yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie, ki zAhabuddIna gaurI ke AkramaNa se pUrva agravAla loga agarohA se bAhara jAkara nahIM base the| tomAroM se parAsta hojAne ke bAda va usa se pahale se hI unhoMne anyatra basanA zurU kara diyA thaa| bijanaura jile ke maMDAvara kasbe kI sthAnIya kimvadantI ke anusAra san gyAraha sau cautIsa meM agravAloM ne usa kasbe ko phira se basAyA thaa| vahAM para jisa purAne kile ke khaNDahara milate haiM, vaha inhIM agravAloM ne banAyA thaa| maMDAvara eka bahuta purAnI bastI hai / yuAna cuAGga ( samrATa harSavardhana ke samaya kA prasiddha cInI yAtrI hyUnatsAMga) ne bhI isa zahara kA ullekha kiyA hai / ' aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki bAda meM yaha nagara ujar3a gayA thA aura agravAloM ne use phira se basAyA thaa| aba bhI maNDAvara kI AbAdI meM agravAloM kA mukhya sthAna hai| isI taraha meraTha, alIgar3ha, banArasa Adi ke kaI purAne agravAla khAndAnoM ke pAsa apane pUrvajoM kI vaMzAvaliyAM surakSita haiN| aisI kucha vaMzAvaliyAM eka hajAra barasa se bhI kucha pahale taka calI jAtI haiM / ina kA prArambha sambhavataH usa samaya se huvA, jaba ki inake kisI pUrvaja ne agarohA chor3a kara naI jagaha apanA ghara basAyA thaa| aisI vaMzAvaliyoM kA saMgraha bar3A upayogI siddha ho sakatA hai / 1. Watters. T. On Yuan Chwang. Vol. I. p.322. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa pahilA pariziSTa mahAlakSmI vrata kathA ( amavaizya vaMzAnukIrtanam ) [ isa hastalikhita grantha ke pahale 12 pRSTha yA 6 barke upalabdha nahIM ho sake haiN| kula 12 pRSTha- -13 se 24 taka. -prApta huve haiN| nIce jo zloka diye jAte haiM, unameM saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI aneka galtiyAM haiM / unheM zuddha karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA / ye saba azuddhiyAM mUlagrantha meM haiN| jisa mahAnubhAva ne agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam kI yaha prati nakala kI, unhoMne sAvadhAnI se kArya liyA pratIta nahIM hotA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #162
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke liye hamane isameM kahIM kahIM zIrSaka de diye haiM, aura kucha aisI paMktiyAM chor3a bhI dI haiM, jinakA prakaraNa meM koI abhiprAya pratIta nahIM hotaa| mahAlakSmI kA mahAtmya tasya nazyanti pApAni zrI lakSmI acalA bhavet acireNa jayate zatrUn putrAn pautrAn yazo labhet // 85 vahate vibhavo nityaM vazaM yAnti mahItalam AyurArogya nitarAmante mokSamavApnuyAt // 86 rAjA agra lakSmI kI upAsanA ke liye gae tato....... 'gatvA rAjA pUjA samArabhat zIrSasya nandAm ( ? ) prArabhya paurNamAsI tithAvadhi // 87 mAsaparyantamakarot rAjAgro vizAMpatiH // 88 usake pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM, zrI lakSmI usameM acala ho jAtI hai / vaha zIghra hI zatruoM ko jIta letA hai, vaha putra, pautra aura yaza ko prApta karatA hai, vaha sadA dhanI va vaibhavapUrNa rahatA hai, aura anta meM vaha mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai / (85-86) ... vizoM ke svAmI rAjA agra ne ( isa lakSmI kI) pUjA kA mArgazIrSa mAsa kI prathamA ke dina prArambha kiyA, aura mArgazIrSa pUrNimA taka pUre eka mAsa taka pUjA kI / (87-88) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #163
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 161 devI mahAlakSmI pragaTa huI uvAca madhurA zrI uvAca www.kobatirth.org mAsAntaM paugImAsISu tArApatyudaye sati prAvibhUrtA mahAlakSmI koTicandra samA dyutiH // 86 vANI sAdhUnAmabhayaMkarI mahAlakSmI vrata kathA uu varaM braha mahArAja yaste dadAmyadyaiva sakalaM tava pUjA --- Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir manasi vartata pratoSitA // 60 rAjovAca yadi dehi varaM devi zakraM mama vazaM naya // 61 zrI uvAca tava kulaM na vimokSyAmi yAvaccandradivAkarau eka mAsa pUrNa hone para pUrNamAsI ke dina jaba candramA kA udaya ho gayA, to devI mahAlakSmI pragaTa huI, usakI dyuti karor3a candramAoM ke samAna thI / 89 usa mahAlakSmI ne apanI aisI madhura vANI se, jo satpuruSoM ke liye bhayaMkara thI, isa prakAra kahA 'he mahArAja, vaha vara mAMgo, jo tumhAre hRdaya meM hai / ' rAjA ne kahA 'he devi, yadi vara detI ho, to indra ko mere vaza meM le aao|' lakSmI ne kahA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #164
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa vaza bhavatu te zakro sadevo balavAhanaH // 62 AdhAra abhavatyeSA kathAmamutavAnvitA ( 1 ) bhuvi yeSAM gRhe pUjA likhitA cApi pustakI ( ? ) // 3 tadahaM na vimokSyAmi yAvatI pRthivImimA [ prasAdaM ca svayaM bhuktvA nAnyasmai pratipAdayet // 64 viprAn bhojayet vidvAn zrIrajaM bhAlake dadhan yasya gehe bhavet pUjA tasya dAridryanAzanam // 65 zatruroga bhayaM nAsti kula kIrti pravardhanam / ] putra pautra kulaiH sArdhaM bhuMdava rAjyamakaNTakam // 66 162 'jaba taka candra aura sUrya haiM, maiM tere kula ko nahIM choDUMgI / saba devatAoM, senA tathA vAhana ke sAtha indra tere vaza meM ho jAve / ' isa saMsAra meM jinake ghara meM ( lakSmI kI ) pUjA hotI hai, yA jina ke pAsa ( isa pUjA kI ) pustikA bhI hai, una ke maiM sadA sAtha rhuuNgii| jaba taka yaha pRthvI hai, maiM unheM na choDUMgI / 93-94 [ ( lakSmI pUjA kA ) prAsAda pahale svayaM khAkara phira dUsare ko na 1 de / vidvAna puruSa ko cAhie ki apane mastaka para lakSmI kI raja dhAraNa kara brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAve / jisa ke ghara meM lakSmI pUjA hotI hai, usa kA daridra naSTa ho jAtA hai / use zatru yA roga kA bhaya nahIM rahatA, usa kI kula tathA kIrti bar3hatI hai / 94-96 ] I For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahAlakSmI vrata kathA sadehena ca golokamante yAsyasi nizcitam / dhruvastha pUrve dvautArau (?) bhaviSye ca priyA saha // 67 avatAro nAgarAjasya asti kazcinmahIrathaH kolavidhvaMsi bhUpasya kanyakA vAmalocanA // 68 tAsA gRhaNIzva pANIzca tvadarthe tapasi sthitA tAsA putraizca mahI vyAptA bhaviSyati yathA tArAgagaryoma zatacandravirocate // mahAlakSmI antardhAna hogaI aura rAjA kolapura kI ora gayA ityuktvAntardadhe lakSmI rAjA pUrNamanorathaH pragAmya daNDabhRt bhUmau rAjA svanagaraM yayau // 100 tU putra, pautra tathA apane kula ke sAtha binA kisI bighna bAdhA ke rAjya kA bhoga kara, aura phira sadeha svarga loka ko prApta ho / svarga loka meM terI patnI bhI tere sAtha rahe / 96-97 nAgarAja kA avatAra mahIratha nAma kA eka rAjA hai, kola kA vidhvaMsa karane vAle usa rAjA kI kanyAyeM atyanta sundara haiM / tU jAkara unakA pANi grahaNa kara, ve tere lie hI tapasyA kara rahI haiN| unake putroM se yaha pRthvI vaise hI vyApta ho jAvegI, jaise ki yaha AkAza tAroM ke samUha tathA saikar3oM candramAoM se zobhAyamAna hotA hai / 98-99 ___ yaha kaha kara lakSmI antardhAna ho gaI aura rAjA kA manoratha pUrNa ho gyaa| pRthvI para daNDavat praNAma kara vaha daNDadhara rAjA apane nagara kI ora vApisa huvaa| 100 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #166
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 164 pathi kolapuraM dRSTvA rAjA yatra mahIrathaH tandehe sarvarAjAno vivAhArtha samAgatAH // 101 siMhAsanasthitAH sarve raMgabhUmau mahotsave agro'pi tatra nivasallakSmIvAcAnudIritaH // 102 etasminnantare kanyA sarvA ( 1 ) vAmalocanA jayamAlAmagragrIvAyAm arpayAmAsa premataH // 103 nadatsu rAjatUryeSu pazyatsu sarvarAjasu vivAha makarot rAjA vaizAkhe mRgamAdhave // 104 .........adadat rAjA gajAzva raya bhUriza: pAdAti dAsa dAsIzca svarNaratna paricchadAn // 105 zrAdAya sa gato rAjA sAgareva payonidhim mArga meM kolapura dekhA, jahAM ki mahIratha rAjA thaa| usa ke ghara para saba rAjA loga vivAha ke lie Ae hue the / ve saba mahAn utsava meM raMgabhUmi meM UMce UMce siMhAsanoM para virAjamAna the| rAjA agra bhI vahAM hI baiTha gayA, jaisA ki use lakSmI ke vacana se preraNA huI thii| 101-102 ___isa bIca meM, sundara prAMkhoM vAlI kanyA ne jayamAlA prema ke sAtha agra kI grIvA meM arpita kI / usa samaya rAjakIya turahiyAM baja rahIM thiiN| aura saba rAjA dekha rahe the / vaizAkha mAsa meM mRga ( nakSatra ) ke samaya rAjA kA vivAha huvA / 103-104 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #167
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 165 www.kobatirth.org nArada uvAca Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahAlakSmI vrata kathA zUra saine gate deze vaizyanAthe zacIpatiH // 106 nAradAt sarvamAzratya sarvamAzrutya kAraNAM pUrvabhASitam nAradaH // 107 airAvataM samArUDhaH sandhyartha saha dRSTvA taponidhiM natvA prapUjya prasRto'bravIt brahma ! anujAnIhi mAnavAnucaraM param // 108 karomi manasA vAcA karmaNA te'nuzAsanam ! sandhiM kuru tvamindreNa vRthA droheNa bhUpate rAjA (mahIratha ne ) bahuta se hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, padAti, dAsa, dAsI, svarNa, ratna, uttama vastra, Adi pradAna kiye| jisa prakAra sAgara mahAsamudra kI ora jAtA hai, vaise hI ina saba ( upahAroM ) ko lekara rAjA vApisa calA gayA / 105-106 jaba vaizyoM kA svAmI ( rAjA agra ) zUrasena deza ko calA gayA, to zacI pati (indra ) ne yaha saba vRttAnta nArada se sunA / airAvata para car3ha kara sandhi ke liye vaha nArada ke sAtha AgayA / 106-107 taponidhi (nArada ) ko dekha kara rAjA ne use praNAma kiyA, aura usakI bhalIbhAMti pUjA satkAra kara use kahA- 'he brahmarSe ! mujhe Apa pUrI taraha apanA sevaka samajheM / jo kucha Apa AzA kareMge vaha mana, vacana, karma se pAlana karUMgA / ' 108 - 109 nArada ne kahA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #168
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 166 tathA kRtvA sa sabhAmadhye zakram....Anayat RSiH // 106 AliGgaya cAkSarAM dattvA sundarI madhuzAlinIm arhayAmAsa vidhinA yayau svarga ca nAradaH 110 rAjA agrasena punaH lakSmI pUjA ke liye yamunA taTa para gaye rAjA rAzIM samAhRtya nAgakanyAM yazasvinIm pUrvI pravahaNAsthA ca sArdhasaptadazaiH saha // 111 tAvaraNaye....sutapasA toSayatA harima zvAsaizca nirAhAraiH yamunopavane vasan // 112 ( RSinA mahadaisena SaD urmIrahitena ca togassa uvAcedaM harizcandraM mahIpatim // 113 tuma indra ke sAtha sandhi kara lo, vRthA droha se kyA lAbha hai ? yaha kaha kara ve RSi ( nArada ) sabhA ke bIca meM zakra ( indra ) ko lAye / vahAM ( agra) ne una kA AliMgana kiyA, aura sundarI, madhuzAlinI akSarA ( ? ) dekara unakI bhalIbhAMti pUjA kI / yaha maba kara ke nArada muni svarga ko cale gye| 109-110 rAjA ( agra ) apanI mukhya rAnI yazasvinI nAgakanyA ko lekara saba sAr3he sataraha ( rAniyoM ) ke sAtha pravahaNa ( naukA ) para Aye aura yamunA nadI ke taTa para eka jaGgala meM tapasyA, zvAsa ( -nigraha ) tathA nirAhAra vrata dvArA hari ko santuSTa karanA zurU kiyA / 111-112 [toga ne isa prakAra rAjA harizcandra ko kahA-tU bhI yahI pUjA kara, jA aura apanA rAjya phira prApta kara / RSi ke sAtha terI phira prIti For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #169
167 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahAlakSmI vrata kathA tvaM cApi kuru tAM pUjAM yAhi rAjyamavApnuhi prItirbhavatu RSiNA cAyodhyAM punareSyasi // 115 atha sanmArgamuddhizyAgAt togaH svamAlayam tathA kRtvA mahIpastu yayau rAjyasthalIM zubhAm // 115 ) zrIkRSNa uvAca atha te kathitaM rAjan vratAnAM vratamuttamam yatkRtvA zrI harizcandro lebhe saukhyaM zriyaM nijAm ||116 zriyaM cedicchasi parAM dhanadhAnyayazaH sutAn tatkuruSva mahAbAho vratametat svabandhubhiH // 117 mayApyetat vrataM rAjan kriyate bhaktitassadA narezasu bhAgyavAn so'pi zrAryAvarte bhaviSyati // 118 ho jAve / tU phira ayodhyA calA jAve / isa taraha sanmArga kA upadeza kara toga apane ghara calA gayA / rAjA ( harizcandra ) ne aisA hI kiyA aura vaha phira apanI zubha rAjadhAnI ko calA gayA / 113-115 he rAjan ! maiMne tumheM saba vratoM meM uttama vrata kA kathana kiyA hai, jise karake zrI harizcandra ne saukhya aura apanI zrI ko prApta kiyA thA / yadi tuma bhI utkRSTa zrI, dhana, dhAnya, yaza aura putroM kI icchA karate ho, to he mahAbAho ! tuma bhI apane bandhuvoM ke sAtha isa vrata kA pAlana kro| maiM bhI, he rAjan ! yaha vrata sadA bhakti ke sAtha karatA hU~ / 116-118 jo koI rAjAoM meM ( isa vrata ko karegA ), vaha AryAvarta meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #170
168 agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa prApta saubhAgya hInAste kariSyanti vrataM na ye dhana putra sukhahIna! janmajanmAntare sadA // 116 AdiSya zrIvrataM kRSNa anujJApya ca pANDavAn jagAma rathamArUDho mAdhavaH svakuzasthalIm // 120 rAjA tathAvidhiM kRtvA hastinApuramAyayo / zaunaka uvAca tataH kimakarot rAjA mRta hi tapAnidhe || 121 sUta uvAca yugadvayaM tapastepe kAlindI kalakAnane bhAgyavAna hogA / jo yaha vrata nahIM karate, ve saubhAgya se rahita haiM, ve janma janmAntara meM bhI dhana, putra tathA sukha se hIna hote haiM / 118-119 isa lakSmIvrata kA pANDavoM ko anujJApana karake kRSNa apanI kuzasthalI meM cale gaye / rAjA ( pANDava ) bhI vidhipUrvaka yaha vrata kara ke hastinApura cale Aye / 120-121 zaunaka ne kahA he taponidhe ! sUta ! yaha batAo, ki taba rAjA ( agra ) ne kyA kiyA ? 121 sUta ne kahA usane yamunA ke sundara taTa para do yuga taka tapasyA kI / usake bAda sampUrNa vana ke madhyabhAga ko prakAzita karatI huI devI ( lakSmI ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #171
169 mahAlakSmI vrata kathA tato Avirabhavat devI dyotaya tI vanAMtaram // 122 uvAca madhurA vANI prItA lakSmI dayAnvitA zrI uvAca tapaso viramatAM rAjan ...... vaizyavaMza // 123 gArhasthyasthamanaupamyaM dharma viddhi sanAtanam // 124 AzramAH sarvavarNAzca gRhasthe hi vyavasthitAH kuru tvamAjJayA tubhyaM dAsyAmi sakalAdhikAm // 115 tava vaMze mahI sarvA pUritA ca bhaviSyati tava vaMze jAtivargoSu kulanetA bhaviSyati // 126 adyArabhya kula tava nAmnA prasidhyati agravaMzIyA hi prajAH prasiddhAH bhuvana traye // 127 pragaTa huI / dayA se pUrNa, prasanna huI lakSmI ne madhura vANI se isa prakAra kahA / 122-123 lakSmI ne kahA--- he rAjan ! he vaizya vaMza ke (prakAza)! isa tapa ko banda kro| gRhastha dharma bar3A anupama haiM, isa sanAtana dharma ko smjho| saba Azrama aura saba varNa gRhastha meM hI vyavasthita haiN| tuma merI AjJA ke anusAra karI, maiM tumheM saba vaibhava, Rddhi pradAna karUMgI / 123-125 ___ yaha sArI pRthivI tere vaMza se pUrita hogI / tere vaMza meM saba jAti aura varNoM ke kula netA hoNge| Aja se lagAkara yaha kula tere nAma se prasiddha hogaa| agravaMzI prajA tInoM lokoM meM prasiddha hogii| 126-127 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #172
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa mujA prasAdaM tava vaset nAnyasmai pratidApayat ( 1 ) yena sA saphalA siddhirbhUyAt tava yuge yuge // 128 mama pUjA kule yasya so'yavaMzo bhaviSyati ityuktvAntardadhe lakSmI samuddizya mahAvaram || 126 agrasena ne nagara kI sthApanA kI haridvArAt pazcimAyAM dizi kroza caturdaze gaMgAyamunayormadhye puNya puNyatire zubhe cakre cAgrAnagara yatra zakro vazaM gataH // 130 dvAdaza yojana vistIrNam AyataM zubham dvAparasyati kAleSu kalAvAdi gate sati / 131 karodvaMzavistAraM jJAtIn saMvardhayan tataH 170 terI bhujAoM meM sadA prasAda rahe / isase yuga-yuga meM terI saba siddhi saphala hove / jisa kula meM sadA merI pUjA hotI haiM, aisA vaha agravaMza hai / 128-129 aisA kahakara, yaha mahAn vara dekara lakSmI antardhAna ho gaI / mahAlakSmI ke prasAda se kabhI Ayu kI hAni nahIM hone pAtI / 129 haridvAra se pazcima kI ora caudaha kosa kI dUrI para, gaGgA yamunA ke bIca meM atyanta puNya sthAna para, usa jagaha para jahAM ki zakra ko meM kiyA thA, ( rAjA ne ) agrAnagara kI sthApanA kI / 130 yaha nagara dvAdaza yojana vistIrNa aura bar3A zubha hai / usa samaya dvApara kA anta ho cukA thA aura kali kA prArambha ho gayA thA / vahAM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #173
171 mahAlakSmI vrata kathA koTi koTiM ca...... 'mudrAstatra nivezayat // 132 prasAdamAlA sukhadA vIthikAzca catuSpathAH vATikAH puSpavATIzca sara: paMkaja zobhitam // 133 devamaMdira vApI ca gopura dvArazobhitAH pArAvataiH sArasaizca hasaiH zATika mayUrakaiH kala kokila gaustatra nAnA....... virAjate prasUna mAlA phala pallavaiH...... drumAH // 134 purI vizAlA gajavAjizobhitA suvarNa ratnAbharaNAdi saMkulA prabhUtayajJaiH dhanadhAnyapUritA ( rAjA ne ) apane vaMza kA vistAra kiyA aura jJAtiyoM kA saba prakAra se saMvardhana kiyaa| vahAM karor3oM mudrAyeM lagAI gaI / 131-132 bar3e sukhadAyaka mahaloM kI paMktiyAM banAI gaI, galiyAM, catuSpatha ( caurAhe ), bAga, phUloM ke bagIce, kamaloM se suzobhita tAlAba, devamandira, bAvar3iyAM Adi banavAI gii| ve gopura aura dvAra se suzobhita thiiN| pArAvata, sArasa, haMsa, zATikA, mayUra, kokila Adi sundara vividha pakSiyoM ke samUha vahAM virAjate the / vRkSa phUloM,phaloM tathA pattoM se suzobhita the / 133-134 vaha vizAla purI hAthI ghor3oM se zobhita hai, suvarNa, ratna, AbharaNa Adi se paripUrNa hai, vahAM bahuta yajJa hote haiM, vaha dhanadhAnya se bharI huI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #174
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 172 yathendradevairbhuvi cAmarAvatI // 135 nagare madhyadeze ca mahAlakSmyAlayaM zubham tanmadhye kamalAdevI pUjayennizivAsaram // 136 sArdhasaptadazairyastoSayen madhusUdanam ekadA yajJamadhye tu vAjimAMso'bravInnRpa // 137 na mAMsairjaya vaikuNThaM mayena dayAnidhe ubhAbhyAM rahito jIvo na hi pApena lipyate // 138 isake anantara rAjA agrasena ke putroM kA varNana hai agra putrAn amI veda yajJAdaSTAdaza kanyakA / / rUpavantaH guNADhyAzca dhanadhAnyaprasaMkulAH // 136 hai, mAno indradeva kI amarAvatI hI pRthivI ke Upara A gaI ho / 135 usa nagara ke ThIka madhya deza meM mahAlakSmI kA zubha mandira banavAyA gayA, jisameM devI lakSmI kI rAta dina pUjA hotI hai / 136 ___ sAr3he sataraha yajJoM se madhusUdana ( viSNu ) saMtuSTa kiyaa| eka bAra yajJa ke bIca meM ghor3e ke mAMsa ne isa prakAra kahA- 'he rAjan ! mAMsa tathA madya dvArA svarga ko jaya mata kro| he dayAnidhe ! ina donoM cIjoM se rahita jIva kabhI pApa se lipta nahIM hotA / ' 137-138 agra kI santAnoM ko isa prakAra samajho, jo putra va aThAraha kanyAyeM yajJa dvArA huI thIM, ve saba rUpavAn , guNoM se paripUrNa tathA dhana dhAnya se samRddha the| unameM se koI dhana se rahita nahIM thA, koI santAna se rahita For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #175
173 mahAlakSmI vrata kathA nAdhanAH nAprajAH sarve devadyuti vibhUSitAH udArAH kIrtirvimalA vAruNendrasamAH bhuvi // 140 mitrA citrA zubhA zIlA zikhA zAntA rajA carA zirA zacI sakhI rambhA bhavAnI sarasA samA // mAdhavI pramukhAzcaiva mahiSyaH sArdhasaptakAH / dazottarAH zubhAH rAjJaH tAsAM putrAstathA trayaH / / tAvagdotrAH samAjAtAH vyahRtAH vividhAdhvaM garga goyalagAvAlo vAtsilaH kAsilastathA siMhalo maMgalazcaiva bhaMdalo tittalo'pi ca // eraNo dheraNAzcApi DhiMgalastiMgalastathA gobhilo mItalo tAyalastundalastathA // gavanArdhazca gotrANAM sArdhasaptadazottarAH // 141 nahIM thA / saba daivI dyuti se vibhUSita the| ve saba udAra tathA nirmala kIrti vAle the, mAno pRthivI para devatAoM ke samAna the| 136-140 (rAjA agra kI) sAr3he sataraha rAniyAM ye thIM-mitrA, citrA, zubhA, zIlA, zikhA, zAntA, rajA, carA, zirA, zacI, sakhI, rambhA, bhavAnI, sarasA, samA, mAdhavI / mAdhavI inameM pramukha thii| ina saba ke tIna tIna putra huve / inake itane hI (sAr3he sataraha hI) gotra huve, jo yajJoM se prArambha huve the| (gotroM ke nAma ye haiM.--) garga, goyala, gAvAla, vAtsila, kAsila, siMhala, maMgala, bhaMdala, tittala, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #176
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa vANI pAvako'nila kezavAH vibhurvirAcano [ satyaM ca dharme ca yuga....ca bhUtAnukampA priyavAditAM ca dvijAti sevAtithipUjanaM ca vaikuTha.... muninAradoktAH ] vizAlarakto dhanvI ca dhAmApAmA payonidhiH kumAro davano mAlI mandokana kuNDalI // 142 kuzo vikAzo viraNAM vinodo vapuno balI bIro haro ravo dantI dADimIdantasundarau // 143 karo kharo garaH zubhra: palazonila sundarI 174 eraNa, dharaNa, TiMgala, tiMgala, gobhila, mItala, tAyala, tundala | AdhA gotra gavana hai / ye sAr3he sataraha gotra haiM / 141 [ satya, dharma, bhUtoM para dayA, priya bhASaNa, dvijAtiyoM kI sevA aura atithiyoM kI sevA - ye bAteM svarga kI ( sAdhikA ) haiM, aisA muni ne kahA hai nArada / ] ( ', ke putra nimnalikhita haiM- ) vibhu virocana, vANI, pAvaka, anila, kezava, vizAla, rakta, dhanvI, dhAmA, pAmA, payonidhi kumAra, davana, mAlI, mandokana, kuNDala, kuza, vikAza, viraNa, vinoda, vapuna, balI, vIra, hara, rava, dantI, dADimIdanta, sundara, kara, khara, gara, zubha, palaza, anila sundara, dhara, prakhara, mallInAtha, nanda, kunda, kulumbaka, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #177
175 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahAlakSmI vrata kathA dhamprakharau mallInAtho nando kundaH kulumbakaH // 144 kAntiH zAntiH kSamAzAlI payyamAlI vilAsadaH kumArau dvau putrIzca zRNu saunaka vakSmi te // 145 dayA zAntiH kalA kAntiH titikSA cAdharAmalA zikhA mahI ramA rAmA yAminI jaladA zivA // 146 amRtA zrarjikA puNyASTAdaza sutAH zubhAH trIn trIn putrAn sutaikaikA sarvAstvagrasamudbhavAH // 147 teSu teSu trayaH putrAH pautrA: tAvacca pautRkA: taissArdhe sa bhuje rAjyaM kalau cASTAdhikaM zatam // 148 kAnti, zAnti, kSamAzAlI, payyamAlI, aura vilAsada tathA anya do kumAra / 142,145 he saunaka ! aba maiM putriyoM ko kahatA hU~, vaha bhI suno- dayA, zAnti, kalA, kAntI, titikSA, adharA, amalA, zikhA, mahI, ramA, rAmA, yAminI, jaladA, zivA, amRtA, aura ajiMkA - ye puNyarUpa zubha aThAraha kanyAyeM thIM / 146,147 -- pratyeka rAnI ke tIna tIna putra aura eka eka kanyA huI, ye saba a kI hI santAna the / ina saba se tIna tIna putra, pautra tathA prapautra huve / una saba ke sAtha ( rAjA agra ne ) kali ke 108 varSa bItane taka rAjya kA upabhoga kiyA / 147-148 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #178
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 176 goDa purohitaM kRtvA vedavidyAtaponidhim anAyAsena pRthivIM jitvA kIrtimavApnuyAt / / 146 rAjA agrasena ne rAjya chor3akara vibhu ko rAjya meM abhiSikta kiyA athaikadA tu pUjAyAM lakSmI tamudIrayat lakSmI uvAca rAjan pAhi svadharma tvaM putraM dehi nRpAsanam ||150 vaizAkhe paurNamAsyAM vai vibhu rAjyebhiSicya ca rAjasiMhAsane sthitvA vaizyavipragaNaivRtaH // 151 jJAtIn sarvAn anujJApya yayau sa: bhAryayA saha paJca godAvarI yatra yatra brahmasaraH zubham // 152 gaur3a ko apanA purohita banAyA, joki veda vidyA tathA tapakA nidhi rUpa thaa| binA kisI zrama ke pRthivI ko jIta kara usane kIrti ko prApta kiyA / 149 - eka bAra pUjA meM lakSmI ne use ( rAjA agra ko) kahA - 'he rAjan ! tuma apane svadharma kA pAlana kro| putra ko aba rAjasiMhAsana pradAna kro|' 150 vaizAkha mAsa kI pUrNamAsI ko vibhu ko rAjyAbhiSikta kara svayaM vaizyoM tathA brAhmaNoM ke samUha se ghirA huvA saba kuTumbI janoM se anumati lekara vaha apanI patnI ke sAtha bana ko calA gayA, jahAM paMca godAvarI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #179
177 mahAlakSmI vrata kathA tatra bhUristapastepe golAkaM parataH param jagAma....sastrIkaH kamalAzayA // 115 rAjA agrasena ke uttarAdhikArI --- vibhustu rAjyamakarot paitryaM ca nava......... ........ 'lakSa dadau mudrA jJAto dAridryamAgate // 156 zatavarSagate rAjJe putra nemirathaM tathA abhiSicya gato mRtyuM gatA rAzI hutAzanam // 157 vimalaH zukadevazca tasya putro dhanaJjayaH tasya zrInAtha putro'bhUt zrInAthasya divAkaraH // 158 divAkaro jainamate zikhina parvataM gataH tathA brahmasara hai, vahAM jAkara usane bahuta tapa kiyA tathA lakSmI kI AzA se sadeha tathA sastrIka svargadhAma ko gayA / 153-155 vibhu ne apane pitA ke rAjya kA zAsana kiyA / jaba koI kuTumbI daridra hojAtA thA, taba use vaha lAkha mudrAyeM detA thA / 156 sau varSa bIta jAne para jaba vaha apane putra nemiratha ko rAjya meM abhiSikta kara cukA, to usa kI mRtyu huI, aura usake sAtha hI usakI rAnI ne bhI agni meM praveza kiyA / 157 phira vimala, zukadeva, phira usa kA lar3akA dhanaJjaya-ye (rAjA) huve| usakA putra zrInAtha huvA / zrInAtha kA (putra ) divAkara huvaa| 158 divAkara jaina mata meM ( gayA ), usane parvatazikhara para jAkara For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #180
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 178 tanmataM pAlayAmAsa janaiH sarva gagauH vRtaH / / 156 atho sudarzano rAjA putrAn 'gRpAsanama gato vArANasI tIrtha sanyAsena jahI tanum || 160 zrInAthasya mahAdevaH tatputrastu yamAdhara: tasyAsIt zubhAMgo malayo vasuH // 161 vasordAzIdazA (?) putrAH zAkhAstasyASTadhAbhavan malayasya kavernando virAgI candrazekharaH // 142 yasyAgracandro'bhUt yasmAt rAjya. kalo yAputrapautravaMzyaizca sukhI syAnnagaraH sadA // 163 jainoM ke samUha se ghirA raha kara jaina mata kA pAlana kiyA / 159 usake anantara sudarzana rAjA huvaa| usane putroM ko siMhAsana para (biThAkara ) svayaM vArANasI tIrtha meM jAkara sanyAsa dvArA zarIra tyAga kiyA / 160 zrInAtha kA mahAdeva, usakA lar3akA yamAdhara, usakA zubhAMga, phira malaya aura vasu huve / 161 vasu ke dAzIdaza (?) ( aneka ) putra huve, jinase ATha zAkhAyeM hogaI / malaya kavi ke nandI, phira virAgI candra zekhara huvA / 162 usake agracandra huvA / jisase kali meM rAjya...... / usake putra, pautra tathA ghaMzajoM se nagara sadA sukhI rahe / 163 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #181
179 mahAlakSmI vrata kathA iti zrI lakSmI pUjA mayA proktA tava mannidhau agro agrahane mAse kRtvAgAt harimandirabha / / 164 lakSmIpUjA kA mAhAtmya brahmaghAtI murApAyI. patitastathA gotradrohI kulacchedI mithyAcArI ca pAtakaH / pavitro bhavati satataM lakSmIpUjA kRtaM mati // 165 ... 'bhayaM nAsti mahApApasya kA kathA aputro labhate putrAn baDhI mucyeta bandhanAta rogI bhIto bhayAccaiva marcajIvavaza nayeta // 166 iti zrIbhaviSyapugagI lakSmImAhAtmye kedArakhagaDe agravaizya vaMzA zrI lakSmI kI yaha pUjA maiMne tumhAre pAsa kahI hai / ise agahana mAsa meM sampAdita karake agra harimandira ko gayA thaa| 164 cAhe koI brAghAtI ho, surA pIne vAlA ho, patita ho, gotra (kula) kA drohI ho, kula kA vinAza karane vAlA ho, mithyAcArI ho, pAtaka ho, vaha lakSmI kI pUjA kara lene para pavitra hojAtA hai / use kisI kA bhI bhaya nahIM rahatA, mahA pAtaka kI to bAta hI kyA hai ? jisake putra na ho, use putra hojAtA hai / jo baddha ho, vaha bandhana se chUTa jAtA hai| rogI aura bhIta bhaya se chuTakArA pAjAtA hai / saba prANI usake vaza meM zrAjAte haiM / 165.166 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #182
agravAla Ati kA prAcIna itihAsa 180 180 nukIrtanaM nAma SoDaSo'dhyAyaH // 16 samAptam / zubhamastu saMvat 1911. caitrasya dvAdazyAM guruvAsare / yaha bhaviSyapurANa meM, lakSmI mAhAtmya prakaraNa meM, kedArakhaNDa meM agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtana nAma kA solahavAM adhyAya hai / / 16 samApta huvA / zubha ho / saMvat 1911 caitra mAsa kI dvAdazI ke dina guruvAra ko / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #183
TippaNI mahAlakSmIvratakathA yA agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam meM jisa rAjA kI lakSmIpUjA kI kathA ullikhita hai, usakA nAma 'ana' diyA gayA hai / agrasena nAma usameM nahIM hai / isase sUcita hotA hai, ki rAjA agrasena ko kevala 'agra' bhI kahate the / sambhavataH, usakA asalI nAma agra hI thA / agrasena nAma bAda kA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, ki usane jo apanA pRthak vaMza calAyA, vaha agravaMza kahAyA / usake gaNarAjya kA nAma bhI 'Agreya' par3A / isa saMskRta grantha meM kevala 'agra' nAma honA mahatva kI bAta hai / jo loga yaha yukti karate haiM, ki agrasena dvArA sthApita gaNarAjya kA nAma 'agraseniya' honA cAhiye, Agreya nahIM, unakI zaMkA kA samAdhAna isa bAta se ho jAtA hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM bhI kevala 'ana' kA ullekha AtA hai / asalI purAnA nAma 'agra' hI pratIta hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #184
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa (R) mahAlakSmIvratakathA meM rAjA agra dvArA sthApita nagarI kA nAma 'grA' diyA gayA hai / yaha bAta bhI bar3e mahatva kI hai| 'agrA' nAma rAjA agra ne apane nAma para hI rakhA / zragreya zabda isa 'grA' se hI banA / 'grA' ke nivAsI 'agrAyAM bhavaH' artha meM Agreya kahAye / agra zabda se zrama aura grAyaNa banate haiM, para agrA se pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke anusAra Agreya zabda banatA hai / rAjA agra ke vaMzaja jahAM agravaMzI kahAye vahAM agrA ke vAsI hone se ve Agreya bhI kahAye / grA nagarI kI sthiti mahAlakSmIvratakathA meM gaMgA aura yamunA nadiyoM ke bIca meM haridvAra se caudaha kosa pazcima kI tarapha kahI gaI hai| yaha ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA / haridvAra ke pAsa gaMgA yamunA ke bIca meM koI aisA prAcIna nagara nahIM hai, jisakA rAjA agrasena ke sAtha sambandha ho / yahAM spaSTa hI mahAlakSmIvratakathA ke lekhaka ko bhUma huvA hai sambhavataH, yaha agrA nagarI vahI hai, jisakA nAma Age calakara agarohA par3A, aura jisake vistRta khaNDahara isa samaya bhI upalabdha hote haiM / gaNa kA yahI sthAna thA, aura agravAla loga aba bhI ise apanI mAtRbhUmi mAnate haiN| I ( 3 ) 182 mahAlakSmIvratakathA meM mahArAja kI sAr3he sataraha rAniyoM kA ullekha hai / para unake nAma ginAte huve kevala solaha rAniyoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / isI taraha, yaha likhakara ki pratyeka rAnI ke tIna tIna For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #185
183 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahAlakSmI vrata kathA putra aura eka eka kanyA huI, java nAma ginAye gaye, to kula 48 putroM gaye haiN| isase sUcita hotA hai, ki rAniyAM nahIM thIM / sAr3he sataraha yaha rAjA agrasena ke tathA 16 kanyAoM ke nAma diye vastutaH rAjA ke sAr3he sataraha ginatI agravAloM ke itihAsa meM bar3e mahatva kI hai| sAr3he sataraha rAniyAM thIM, unhoMne sAr3he sataraha yajJa kiye| unase sAr3he sataraha gotra cale aura kucha anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra unake sAr3he sataraha hI putra the / yaha sAr3he sataraha kI ginatI agravAloM meM jo itane mahatva ko prApta huI, usakA kAraNa unameM sAr3he sataraha gotroM kA honA hI hai / itane gotra kyoM cale, isI kI vyAkhyA ke liye rAniyoM, yajJoM Adi meM bhI yaha ginatI jor3I gaI pratIta hotI haiM / jaisA ki hama pahale likha cuke haiM, agravAloM meM ye gotra prAcIna Agreya gaNa ke vividha kuloM va parivAroM ko sUcita karate haiM, jinakA ki gaNazAsana meM bar3a mahatva thA / isa viSaya ko yahAM duharAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM / gotroM ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para sAr3he sataraha kI saMkhyA ko le AnA aitihA sika tathya para Azrita pratIta nahIM hotA / yahI kAraNa hai, ki paramparAgata anuzruti ke anusAra rAniyoM kI saMkhyA sAr3he sataraha yA aThAraha likha kara bhI mahAlakSmIvrata kathA kA lekhaka unake nAmoM kI ginatI pUrI nahIM kara skaa| isa grantha meM rAjA agra kI rAniyoM, putroM va kanyAoM ke jo nAma diye gaye haiM, ve kahAM taka satya haiM, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / agravAla-itihAsa ke anya kaI lekhakoM ne agrasena ke putroM ke jo nAma diye haiM, unase ye nAma bhinna haiN| una lekhakoM ne apane nAmoM ke liye koI pramANa upasthita nahIM kiye / para yahAM eka purAne For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #186
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 184 grantha meM jo nAma pAye jAte haiM, ve yadi kisI satya anuzruti para Azrita hoM, to koI vizeSa Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / mahAlakSmIvratakathA meM rAjA agra ke jIvana caritra kA varNana karate huve kucha tithiyAM dI gaI haiM, ve mahatva kI haiM 1...rAjA agra ne mArgazIrSa mAsa meM lakSmI pUjA kii| lakSmIvrata mArgazIrSa prathamA se mArgazIrSa pUrNimA taka rakhA gayA / pUrNimA ke dina devI mahAlakSmI pragaTa huii| 2-eka anya sthAna para phira likhA hai, rAjA agra ne agrahaNa ( mArgazIrSa ) mAsa meM lakSmI kI pUjA kara hari mandira ko prApta kiyaa| isase sUcita hotA hai, ki lakSmIpUjA kA mAsa mArgazIrSa hai, aura mArgazIrSa pUrNimA kA agravAloM ke itihAsa meM vizeSa mahatva hai, kyoMki isI dina devI lakSmI kA vara rAjA agra ko prApta huvA thaa| 3-vaizAkha mAsa kI pUrNimA ko rAjA agrasena ne apane jyeSTha putra vibhu ko rAjagaddI para biThAkara svayaM tApasa jIvana kA prArambha kiyA thaa| ____ hamAre itihAsa ke liye jo saMskRta pustakeM milatI haiM, unameM rAjA agrasena ke jIvana ke sAtha kevala do tithiyoM kA sambandha hai, mArgazIrSa pUrNimA aura vaisAkha pUrNimA / donoM hI tithiyAM mahatva kI haiM / inameM se koI eka rAjA agrasena kI jayantI ko tithi mAnI jA sakatI hai| mArgazIrSa pUrNimA kA mahatva adhika hai, kyoMki isI dina rAjA agrasena ke bhAvI mahatva kI nIMva par3I thI, aura unake utkarSa kA vastutaH prArambha huvA thaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #187
dUsarA pariziSTa uru caritam vidyAdharo hasta baddhaH svaguruM pRSTavAn tadA uropasya cAritryaM vaMzavRttaM tathodbhavam // 1 // zrutaM mayA mahArAja bhavatAM kRpayA nanu tasya sacivasyedAnIM zUrasenasya vai punaH // 2 // vRttAntaM zrotumicchAmi kRpayA parayAtava (1) hAtha jor3a kara vidyAdhara ne taba apane guru se pUchA-he mahArAja ! rAjA uru kA caritra, vaMza vRtta tathA udbhava maiMne ApakI kRpA se suna liyaa| aba usake saciva zUrasena kA vRtAnta maiM sunanA cAhatA huuN| he dUsaroM para dayA karane vAle ! vaha apanA deza chor3a kara mathurA kisa taraha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #188
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa svadezaM vai parityajya mathurA kathamAgataH // 3 // kathaM ca sacivo jAtaH kArya vai vidadhau katham / etat sarve mahArAja, varyatAM kRpayA mama // 4 // ziSyasyetthaM ruciM dRSTvA uvAca hariharastadA vaizyavaMze samutpannaH vyApAre kuzalattathA // 5 // zAstrajJo yajJakartA ca gurubhaktazca putraka zUraseno mahAtmA vai castriM tasya zRNvatAm // 6 // purohito'haM tasyaiva vaMzasya nizcayaM nanu / pUrvameva mamokaNThA caritraM zrAvayAmyaham // 7 // vatsa praznaratava hyayaM mama mAnasa harSadaH zrAyA ? vaha kisa taraha saciva bana gayA aura usane rAjya kArya kA saMcAlana kisa prakAra kiyA ? he mahArAja ! yaha saba bAteM kRpA karake mujhe batAiye / 1-4 apane ziSya kI isa prakAra kI ruci dekha kara harihara ne kahA zUrasena vaizya vaMza meM utpanna huvA thA, vyApAra meM kuzala thA, zAstroM kA jJAtA thA, yajJa karane vAlA thA, guru kA bhakta thaa| he putraka ! usa zUrasena mahAtmA ke caritra kA zravaNa kro| maiM nizcaya se usI vaMza kA purohita hU~ | merI to pahale se hI isake liye utkaNThA hai / ataH maiM usake caritra ko sunAtA huuN| he vatsa ! tumhArA yaha prazna mere mana meM prasannatA ko utpanna karane vAlA hai| tumhAre liye bhI yaha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #189
187 uru caritam tavApi surucikara dhyAnena zaNu sattama ||8|| prArabdhaM harihareNa goDenetthaM svayA girA / sRSTayAdau....brahmA pUrva jAtaH pitAmahaH // 6 // caturvedaparijJAtA prAgiAmAtrodbhavaH smRtaH brahmaNastu vivasvAn vai tato manurajAyata // 10 // varNAnAmAzramANAM ca kramazaH sthApako manuH tasya putradvayaM jAtaM nediSTazca ilA tathA // 11 // ilAtaH kSAtravaMzasya prArambho hi tadAhyabhUt gadiSTAdanubhAgo vai tato jAtaH bhalandanaH // 12 surucikara hai / ataH tumheM isakA zravaNa dhyAna ke sAtha karanA cAhiye / 5-8 isa prakAra gaur3a harihara ne apanI vANI se kahanA prArambha kiyA sRSTi ke Adi meM saba se pUrva brahmA utpanna huvA, jo sabakA pitAmaha hai, jo cAroM vedoM kA parijJAtA hai, aura sAre prANI jisase utpanna huve kahe gaye haiM / usa brahmA se vivasvAn aura phira usase manu utpanna huvA / 9-10 saba varNoM aura AzramoM kA saMsthApaka manu huvA hai| usake do saMtAna the-nediSTa aura ilA / 11 ilA se saba kSAtra vaMzoM kA prArambha huvA / nediSTa se anubhAga aura anubhAga se bhalandana utpanna huvA / 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #190
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 188 marutvatI tasya bhAryA tato vatsapriyaH sutaH mAkIlo maMtradraSTA tu mahAvidvAnabhUt sutaH // 13 dhanapAlena nAmnA vai prasiddhastatkule dhabhUt tejasvI puruSo....saccaritrasya kAraNAt // 14 brAhmaNaiH hi tadA zreSThaiH rAjye prasthApitaH svayam nagarasya pratApasya tataH svAmI hyabhUtadam // 15 tasyASTo sunavo jAtAH hyamI tejasvinaH smRtAH teSAM nAmAni caitAni kathyante dvijasattamaiH // 16 zivo nalazca nandazca hyanalaH kumudastathA kuMdazca vallabhazcaiva zekharaH parikIrtitaH // 17 sanyAsI tu nalazcAbhUt....vijJAnahetunA / usa bhalandana kI strI marutvatI thii| unakA putra vatsapriya huvA / usakA lar3akA mAMkIla huvA, jo mahA vidvAna aura mantradraSTA thaa| 13 usake kula meM dhanapAla nAma kA prasiddha puruSa huvA, jo bar3A tejasvI thA / usakA caritra bar3A UMcA thA / zreSTha brAhmaNoM ne use svayaM rAjagaddI para sthApita kiyA aura vaha pratApanagara kA rAjA banA / 14-15 usake ATha lar3ake huve, jo saba bar3e tejasvI kahe gaye haiN| unake nAma zreSTha brAhmaNa isa prakAra sunAte haiM-ziva, nala, nanda, anala, kumuda, kunda, vallabha aura zekhara / 16-17 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #191
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 189 www.kobatirth.org uru caritam Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir himAlayaM gatastatra tapastapta nijecchayA saptabhiH bhrAtRbhiH pazcAt adhikAraH kRtaH svayam saptadvIpeSu vai tAvat svAmino hyabhavan tadA // 16 jambudvIpe ca svAmivaM zivasya procyate budhaiH .. kulaM tasyaiva zreSThasya vistAraM prApnuyAt sadA 1120 zivasya putrAzcatvAraH AnandaH prathamaH smRtaH / svecchayaiva ca zetraistu yogasya kRtam // 21 // 18 zrAnandAdayo jAta; tato vizyaH samAbhavat / tato vaizya samAjajJe ( 1 ) dharmanItizca zAzvatam // 22 prasuto'bhUcca vaizyAnAM kulaM tAvadazaMsayam / inameM se nala utkRSTa jJAna ke kAraNa sanyAsI ho gayA / vaha himAlaya calA gayA aura vahAM apanI icchA se tapa karane lagA / 18 1 zeSa sAta bhAiyoM ne sAtoM dvIpoM para svayaM adhikAra kara liyA / ve sAta dvIpoM ke svAmI huve / jambU dvIpa meM ziva kA svAmitva kahA jAtA hai / usI zreSTha rAjA kA kula vahAM vistAra ko prApta huvA / 16-20 ziva ke cAra putra the, unameM Ananda saba se bar3A thaa| bAkI tIna ne apanI icchA se yoga mArga grahaNa kiyA / 21 Ananda kA putra aya huvA, usase vizya paidA huvA / vaha sadA dharma kI nIti kA pAlana karatA thA / binA kisI sandeha ke, vaizyoM kA kula usase bahuta vistRta huvA / 22-23 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #192
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 190 sudarzanI nRpastasya vaMze samabhavat tadA // 23 tasya patnIdvayaM jAtaM sevatI nalinI nathA / dhuraMdharastasya sUnuH sevatIgarbhasaMbhavaH // 14 prazastapo vidvAMzca lokopakaraNe rataH / dhuraMdharAt samajani nandivardhanastadA // 25 tato'zoko'zokAttu samAdhirabhavat tadA / / saMsAre mahatI kIrtina prAptA pratiSThitA // 26 pazcAd vaMzasya kSINatvaM samAdheH kramazohyabhUt / pArasparika dveSeNa nagaraM paritatyajuH // 27 pRthivyAH bhinnabhAgeSu vasatiM paricakratuH / zatAnAM caiva varSAgA vyatIte janaH // 28 usake vaMza meM sudarzana nAma kA rAjA huvA, usakI do patniyAM thIM, sevatI aura nalinI / sudarzana ke sevatI ke garbha se dhurandhara paidA huvA, vaha bar3A vidvAn thA, usakA rUpa bar3A sundara thA aura vaha sadA saMsAra ke upakAra meM vyApRta rahatA thA / 23-25 dhurandhara kA putra nandivardhana huvaa| usake azoka aura azoka kA putra samAdhi huvA / isa samAdhi ne saMsAra meM bar3I bhArI kIrti prApta kI / 25-27 samAdhi ke bAda kramazaH vaMza meM kSINatA Ane lgii| Apasa ke dvaSa se kucha ne nagara ko chor3anA prArambha kiyA, aura pRthivI ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM apanI bastiyAM basAnI zurU kii| 27-28 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #193
uru caritam mohanadAsena nAmnA ma vai viSNuparAyaNA: dAkSiNAtya pradeze vai yazastenopapAditam // 26 neminAtho prapautro ve tatastasya babhUva ha / sukIrtistena prAptA tu nayapAlamavAsayat // 30 nemiputro'bhavad vRndA vRndato gurjaraH smRtaH gurjarasya kule zuddhe harinAmA hyabhUnanRpaH // 31 tasya raMgAdayaH putrAH zataM hi parikIrtyate / hariH zarIrataH kSINo hyalpAyuzcApi procyate // 32 vArdhakyamAtmano dRSTvA rAjyaM raMgAya cAdadat himAlayaM hi gatavAn parvata ma haristadA // 33 janakasyedRze kAya hyaprasannAH babhUvire kaI sau varSa bIta jAne ke bAda mohanadAsa nAma kA eka rAjA huvA, jo viSNu kA bar3A bhakta thaa| usane dAkSiNAtya deza meM bar3I kIrti prApta kii| 28-29 usakA par3apotA neminAtha thaa| usakI bhI bar3I kIrti phailii| usane nayapAla bsaayaa| nemi kA lar3akA vRnda huvA / vRnda se gurjara huvA kahA jAtA hai| gurjara ke zuddha kula meM hari nAma kA rAjA huvA / 31 / / ___ hari ke raMga Adi 100 putra kahe jAte haiN| hari zarIra se kamaz2ora thA, usakI Ayu bhI kama thI / jaba usane dekhA ki apanA bur3hApA zrA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #194
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 192 navAdhikAzca navatiH sutAstasya mahIpateH // 34 prajAsu te hyanAcAramakurvan vai nijecchayA tenaiva....iyaM prajA cAtIva duHkhitA // 35 yajJAdayaH pranaSTAzca deze'zAMtiH samA jani yAjJavalkyAMtika gatvA prajAvargeNa bhASitam // 36 sarva vRttaM samAkarNya yAjJavalkyo mahAmuniH dayAluzcaiva dharmAtmA sabhAM raMgasya cAgamat // 37 RSi dRSTvA nRpo raMgaH munintu samuvAca ha svakIyAgamanaheturhi kathyatA munisattama // 38 gayA hai, to rAjya raMga ko dekara svayaM himAlaya parvata ko calA gyaa|32-33 apane pitA ke isa kArya se usake (raMga ko chor3a kara zeSa) 99 putra bahuta aprasanna huve / unhoMne apanI icchA pUrvaka prajA ke Upara bahuta atyAcAra zurU kiye / inake kAraNa prajA bahuta dukhI hogaI / yaza Adi saba naSTa hogaye aura deza meM azAnti mcgii| 34-36 ___ loga muni yAjJavalkya ke pAsa gaye, aura saba bAta khii| dayAlu mahAmuni mahAtmA yAjJavalkya saba vRttAnta suna kara rAjA raMga kI sabhA meM Aye / 36-37 rAjA raMga ne jaba RSi ko dekhA, to unase nivedana kiyA-he muniyoM meM zreSTha ! apane padhArane kA kAraNa kahiye / 38 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #195
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 193 uru caritam prajAsu hyativartante kSitIza tava bhrAtaraH yajAdayaH pranaSTA vai yAjJavalkyosavIditi asmin kAle prakRtiSu nAnA klezA hyupasthitAH eSAM tAvadupAyo hi kriyatAM nRpamattama // 40 yAiyavalkyaM tu bhASantaM tadA madhurakhA girA tasya vai bhrAtaraH sarve sabhAyAM paryupasthitAH // 41 svApamAnaM tu vai vA nagnenaikena sAdhunA krudvAzca raktanetrAzca yAiyavalkyamathAbruvan dhUrta ki bhASase tvaM hi itaH zIghraM pragamyatAm anyathA tvacchirohyetat khaGgacchannaM bhaviSyati // 43 // 36 // 42 yAjJavalkya ne uttara diyA- he pRthvI ke svAmI ! tumhAre bhAI prajA para atyAcAra karate haiM / yajJa Adi bhI naSTa ho gaye haiM / isa samaya logoM para aneka kaSTa upasthita ho rahe haiM / he rAjAoM meM zreSTha ! tumheM isakA upAya karanA cAhiye / 39-40 | jaba yAjJavalkya apanI madhura vANI se ye bAteM kara rahe the, usI samaya ( raMga ke ) bhAI sabhA meM A upasthita huve / 41 For Private and Personal Use Only eka naMge sAdhu se apanA apamAna suna kara ve bar3e kruddha huve aura lAla lAla AMkheM kara yAjJavalkya ko isa prakAra bole- ai dhUrta ! tU kyA bolatA hai| yahAM se zIghra calA jA / zranyathA, terA sira talavAra se kATa diyA jAyagA 42-43

Page #196
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa rAjavaMzaM nindayantvaM bhayaM kasmAnna manyase itthaM krodhena pUrNAni vAMsi munirazRNAt ||44 athAbravIt muniH...... ete dhanamadoddhatA: svIyaM sukha pramanyante hayanAcAre........ // 45 anartha vai kariSyanti yogyopAyena vai vinA // 46 kamaNDaluM samAdAya manyupUrNo munistadA bhrAtRn Alokya zApaM vai prAdadata muni sattamaH // 47 asminneva kSaNe sarve bhaveyuH zUdrakA iti // 48 yathA muninA cAzApi abhavan zUdrasaMjakAH yajJopavItaM teSAMtu svayamevApatat bhuvi // 46 itthamAtmAnamadrAtuH madasteSAM hi khaNDitam rAjavaMza kI nindA karate huve tU bhaya kyoM nahIM anubhava karatA / 44 muni ne krodha se bhare huve ye vacana sune aura kahA- ye saba dhana ke mada se uddhata ho gaye haiM / apane hI sukha ko mAnate haiM, aura atyAcAra meM ( vyApta haiM ) / agara inakA yogya upAya na kiyA jAyagA, to ye bahuta anartha kareMge / 44-46 krodha se bhare huve muni ne taba kamaNDala lekara una bhAiyoM kI tarapha dekhakara yaha zApa diyA-tuma saba isI kSaNa zUdra bana jAoge / 47-48 . jaisA muni ne zApa diyA, vaisA hI huvA / ve saba zUdra kahAne lge| unakA yajJopavIta svayameva pRthvI para gira par3A / 49 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #197
195 uru caritam pazcAttApaM prakurvantaH ............ // 50 pANivaddhAH prabhASante pApo naH kSamyatAM mune dayAlo.... manyuyogyAH vayaM na hi // 51 vacanaM dInamAkArya tadA vai munirabravIt // 52 mama zApasya yat....kadApi na bhaviSyati avazyameva ktavyaM bhavadbhiH nAtra saMzayaH // 53 ekaravaregA vai procuH raMgasya bhrAtarastadA kathaM . zApena.... uddhAro bhaviSyati // 54 vadarikAzramaM gatvA pUrNa varSasahastrakama tapasyAM caratha yUyaM manaH kRtvA.... // 55 apanI aisI dazA dekha kara una kA mada cUrNa ho gayA, aura pazcAttApa karate huve hAtha jor3a kara yaha bole- he muni ! hamAre pApa ko kSamA karo he dayAlo ! hama loga krodha ke lAyaka nahIM haiM / 50-51 unake dIna vacanoM ko suna kara taba muni bole- merA zApa aba (anyathA ) kadApi na hogA / use tumheM bhoganA hI par3egA, isameM sandeha nhiiN| 52-53 isa para raMga ke bhAI saba eka svara se kahane lage- hamArA zApa se uddhAra kisa prakAra hogaa| 54 (muni ne kahA ) tuma badarikAzrama jAo, aura vahAM jAkara pUre haz2Ara varSa taka mana ko ( vaza meM ) karake tapasyA karo / 55 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #198
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 196 sahastrAbdaM tapazcaryA kRtvA raMgasya bhrAtaraH punaH dvijatvaM vai prApuH ziSya tvaM zRNu madvacaH // 56 anAdaraM prakurvanti brAhmaNAnAntu ya narAH iyameva dazA teSAM ziSya satyaM hi manyatAm // 57 raMgasya vai putro vizokastasya vai madhuH madhormahIdharo jAto yo maharizavabhaktimAn // 60 yena bahu varaM labdhaM mahAdevaM pratopya hi yasya vai saptaputrAstu dhanavantaH pravINakAH // 61 teSu vai vallabho nAma piturdaivyasya sa prabhuH agrasenaH zUrasenaH ballabhasya sutadvayam // 62 raMga ke bhAI haz2Ara varSa taka tapasyA karake phira dvijatva ko prApta huve / he ziSya ! mere isa vacana ko suno / jo loga brAhmaNoM kA anAdara karate haiM, unakI yahI dazA hotI hai| merI isa bAta ko satya mAno / 56-57 raMga kA putra vizoka huvA / usakA lar3akA madhu thA / madhu se mahIdhara utpanna huvA ! vaha ziva kA bar3A bhArI upAsaka thA / usane mahAdeva ko prasanna karake bahubha se vara prApta kiye| isake sAta putra huve, jo saba bar3e dhanavAna tathA pravINa the / 60-61. unameM vallabha nAma kA lar3akA pitA kI sampatti kA mAlika banA / vallabha ke do lar3ake huve-agrasena aura zUrasena / 62 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #199
197 uru caritam agrasenasya nAryastu aSTAdaza prakIrtitAH pratyekasyAH mahiNyAstu tasya vai pRthivIpateH // 63 triputrAzcaikA duhitA abhavan harSadAyakAH supAtrA caiva mAdrI ca zUrasenasya kathyate // 64 prathamAyAH mahiNyAstu prAbhavat tanayatrikam saptaputrAH dvitIyAtaH zUrasenasya bhUpateH // 65 pratApazAlinaH sarve piturAnandadAyinaH dRSTvA vaMzasya vRddhiM hi jyeSTho bhrAtAgrasenakaH // 66 svasya cAyaM nivAsArtha gauDadeza pramanyata tatra deze mahApate rAjyamasthApayata svayam // 67 agrasena kI aThAraha striyAM thIM, yaha kahA jAtA hai| unameM se pratyeka ke tIna tIna putra aura eka eka kanyA huI, jo saba harSapradAyaka thiiN| 63-64 ___ zUrasena kI do striyAM thIM--supAtrA aura maadrii| pahalI rAnI ke tIna putra huve / dUsarI rAnI ke sAta putra huve| ye saba bar3e pratApazAlI aura pitA ko Ananda dene vAle the / 64-66 jaba bar3e bhAI agrasena ne dekhA, ki usake vaMza kI bahuta vRddhi ho gaI hai, to usane apane nivAsa ke liye gaur3a deza ko nizcaya kiyaa| usa atyanta pavitra deza meM agrasena ne apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA / 66-67 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #200
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa ziSya sa hi gauDAM deza: himasthAnAdi saMvRtaH / gaMgayA yamunayA ntra jAyate supravAhitaH // 68 itthaM vai bhrAtarau dvau hi rAjyasthAnaM pracakratuH // 66 munirgargasya hyA dezAt yajJa kartuM mano dadhe // 70 preSitaM sarvadezeSu savanasya nimantraNam 1 vRttAntaM tasya vai jJAtvA munayo devatAstathA || 71 faaie: RSayazcaiva proruhya sva stra vAhane yAge sammilitAH sarve harSa nirbhara mAnasAH // 72 pratyeka mai zUrasena: sAdara vAsamAdadat agrasenaH savanasyAdhiSThAtA sarvasammataH savanasya ca brahmAbhUt munigargastathaiva ntra 1193 ziSya ! yaha gaur3a deza himAlaya se saMvRta haiN| gaMgA aura yamunA nadiyAM isameM bahatI hai / 68 isa prakAra donoM bhAiyoM ne apane rAjya ke sthAna banAye / 69 phira ( agrasena ne ) muni garga ke Adeza se saba dezoM meM yajJa ke nimantraNa bheje gye| 198 For Private and Personal Use Only yajJa karane ko mana banAyA yajJa kA vRtAnta jAna kara saba devatA aura muni, vidvAn aura RSi apanI apanI savArI para car3ha kara, harSa se pUrNa ho yajJa meM sammilita huve / 70-72 zUrasena ne saba ke liye vAsa kA sthAna sAdara diyA / saba kI sammati se agrasena yajJa kA adhiSThAtA niyata huvA / 73

Page #201
199 uru caritam dazAdhikAH sapta yAgA: vatsa pUrNAstadAbhavan // 74 aSTAdazatamo yAgo abhRcca maharSibhiH hiMsAto hyagrasenasya akasmAttu ghaNA hRdi // 75 yayA hiMsayA narakaM gacchanti puruSAdhamAH tasyAmeva pravRtto'meva rAjA hyacintayat // 76 vaizyAnAM paramo dharmaH prAdhAnyena prarkIrtitaH pazUnAM pAlanaM caiva sarvataH parirakSaNam // 77 yAge pazuvadhazcAsti ato'haM pApabhAk smRtaH pratikSaNa vicAro'yaM dRDhatvaM prAptavAn iti // 78 tasya divasasya kRtyaM tu agrasanaH samApayat / zayanAgAre praviSTaH sa... ...... paricintayat // 76 yaza kA brahmA muni garga banA / sataraha yajJa to he vatsa ! taba pUrNa ho gye| jaba aThArahavAM yajJa maharSiyoM ne zurU kiyA, to agrasena ke hRdaya meM hiMsA se akasmAt ghRNA utpanna ho gaI / 74-75 rAjA ne socA, ki jisa hiMsA se nIca puruSa naraka ko prApta hote haiM, maiM usI meM pravRtta huvA hU~ / 76 __ vaizyoM kA pradhAna dharma mukhyatayA yaha kahA gayA hai, ki ve pazuoM kA pAlana tathA unakI saba ora se rakSA kareM / yajJa meM pazu badha hotA hai, isa liye maiM pApa kA bhAgI hU~ / yaha vicAra prati kSaNa mere hRdaya meM dRr3ha hotA jArahA hai / 77-78 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #202
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 200 200 dvitIya'hani prAtaveM notthitaH pRthivIpatiH parasparamapRcchanta yajJakartAra eva hi // 80 kathaM nahi samA yAto'dya yAge nagadhipaH / kAlI gacchati yAgasya pratIkSanto mahIpatim // 81 eko pai praharo jAtaH pratIkSantaH parasparama rAjAnantu mamAhAtuM zUrasaMnI hi praSitaH // 82 paNDitaiH zUrasenastu gato rAjagRheSu vai viSaNNa bhrAtaraM dRSTvA cakitaH khinnamAnasama // 83 karabaddhaH zUrasaMnaHbhra taramuktavAn tadA usa dina kA kRtya to agrasena ne samApta kara diyA / zayanAgAra meM praviSTa hokara vaha socane lagA / 79 dUsare dina pRthivI kA svAmI subaha ke samaya uThA nhiiN| yajJa kartA loga Apasa meM pUchane lage, kyA bAta hai, jo Aja pRthivI pati yajJa meM nahIM AyA / 80-85 rAjA kI pratIkSA karate huve samaya guz2arane lagA / (yaza kartAoM ke) isa prakAra bAta cIta karate huve eka prahara bIta gayA / rAjA ko bulAne ke liye zUrasena ko paNDitoM ne bhejaa| zUrasena rAjamahala meM gayA aura vahAM jAkara apane bhAI ko dukhI tathA khinnamana dekhakara cakita raha gyaa| 82-83 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #203
201 uru caritam asamaya bhavatAmatat audAsyaM kiM nu hetukam // 84 agrasanastadAbravIt vaizyAnAM nanu kartavyaM pazurakSA prapAlanam // 85 hiMsanaM hi mahatpApaM vaizyAnAM pratiSedhitam // 86 mayA mahAn bhramo'kAri yAge pazuhiMsanam / na jAne hyasya............bhagavAn ki pradAsthati // 87 kiyajanmAdhi mama nAke vasanaM bhavet alaM hiMsAmayAt yAgAt........zreya ucyate // 88 ithaM bhrAtRvacaH zrutvA zUraseno'bravIt tadA duHkhiteSu dayAlo hi zrUyatAM nanu madvacaH ||86 zUrasena ne hAtha jor3a kara apane bhAI ko kahA- ApakI yaha udAsInatA asamaya kI hai| isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? 84 agrasena ne taba kahA- vaizyoM kA kartavya nizcaya hI pazuoM kI rakSA aura pAlana karanA hai / hiMsA karanA mahApApa hai| vaizyoM ke liye usa kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai| maiMne bar3A bhArI bhUma kiyA, ki jo yajJa meM pazu hiMsana kiyA / na jAne, isakA kyA phala mujhe milegA ? na jAne kitane janmoM taka mujhe naraka meM rahanA hogA ! aba isa hiMsAmaya yaza kA anta ho- isI meM zreya hai / 85-88 __ apane bhAI ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara zUrasena bolA- he duHkhitoM ke prati dayAlu ! mere vacanoM ko suniye / 89 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #204
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa eko yAgo hi zeSo'sti so hi o vidhIyatAm punarnahi vidhAtavyamityetadvacanaM mama // 60 gantavyaM nanu yAgasya samayo hyativartate / purohitajanAstAvadevameva vadanti vai // 91 sudhIbhRtvA bhavAnevaM kathaM mAM vai prabhASate / agrasena uvAcedaM tAtavAkyaM vicAryatAm // 62 yAvat pApakarmabhyo manuSyastu pRthagbhavet / tAvadeva mahacchreya eSA hi sammatirmama // 63 pazUnAM hiMsanaM pApaM hi tvayApi pratirudhyatAm / iyaM pratijJA kartavyA madvacastu hi manyatAm // 64 asmadvaMze tu kazcit vai hiMsanaM na samAcaret / aba kevala eka yajJa bAkI raha gayA hai, use pUrNa kara lenA cAhiye / phira kabhI nahIM karanA cAhiye, merI bhI yahI sammati hai| aba Apako calanA cAhiye, kyoMki yajJa kA samaya bIta rahA hai| purohita loga saba yahI bAta kahate haiM / 90-91 isa para agrasena ne kahA-Apa samajhadAra hokara bhI mujhe aisI bAta kahate ho| he vatsa ! isa bAta para vicAra karo, ki manuSya pApa karma se jitanA bhI bace, utanA hI adhika acchA hai / merI to yahI sammati hai| pazuoM kA vadha karanA pApa hai, vaha tumheM bhI rukavA denA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #205
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 203 uru caritam sammatiM dharmAnugAm // 65 glAnirutthitA // 66 samAgatau / yatra vRndakaH // 67 darzakAnAmRSINAJca viduSAM agrasena zrayAte maMDapA hi jayadhvanaiH I guJjAyamAnno hyabhavat sarve harSa pracakrire // 68 paNDitAnAM samAdezAt rAjA pIThamupAvizat // 66 agrasenena goH ziSya zUrasenena vai punaH kanyAzcaiva sutAzcaiva yAge prasthApitAH svayam || 100 zUraseno'grasenasya zrutvA vai tasya manasi hiMsAtA sahodarau rAjaprAsAdAt yajJabhUmi 1 cAhiye / merA vacana tumheM mAnanA cAhiye, aura yaha pratijJA karanI cAhiye, ki hamAre vaMza meM koI bhI hiMsA karma na kare / 92-95 agrasena kI dharmAnukUla sammati suna kara zUrasena ke mana meM bhI hiMsA ke prati glAni ho gii| donoM bhAI rAjamahala se yajJabhUmi ko Aye / vahAM darzaka, RSi, muni aura vidvAnoM kA bar3A bhArI samUha upasthita thA / 96-97 agrasena ke Ane para sArA yajJa maNDapa jaya dhvaniyoM se gUMja uThA / saba logoM ne harSa pragaTa kiyA / 98 paNDitoM ke nirdeza para rAjA pITha para baiTha gayA / 99 he ziSya ! taba agrasena aura zUrasena ne apanI saba kanyAoM tathA putroM ko yajJa meM bulAye / 100 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #206
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 204 yaze pazubadho jAtastato meM hRdi ghRNAbhavat / uciMta naiva manye'ham adhunA pazuhiMsanam // 101 ahaM svabhrAtRRn putrAMzca tathA kanyAH kuTumbinaH idamevopadizAmi na kazcidvadhamAcaret // 102 sArdhasaptadazAn yAgAnagraseno hyapUrayat // 103 bho vidyAdhara, teSAM tu yAgAnAmeva nAmataH bhrAtroH dvayoH santatInAM gotrANi nizcitAni vai // 104 yena putra dIkSA tu gRhItA savane yadA tasya gotraM hi tannAnmA prasiddhimagamat tadA // 105 agrasenasya vaMzyAnAM gotrANyetAni santi vai gargo vai goyalazcaiva gAvAlaH kAsilAdayaH // 106 (aura unheM saMbodhana karake kahA) yajJa meM pazu hiMsA hotI hai, ataH mere hRdaya meM usase ghRNA ho gaI hai| aba maiM pazu hiMsA ko ucita nahIM samajhatA huuN| maiM apane saba bhAiyoM, putroM, kanyAoM tathA kuTumbiyoM ko yahI upadeza karatA hU~, ki koI bhI hiMsA na kare / 101-102 sAr3he sataraha yazoM ko agrasena ne pUrA kiyaa| 103 he vidyAdhara ! inhIM yajJoM ke nAma se donoM bhAiyoM kI santati ke gotra nizcita huve haiM / jisa putra ne jisa yajJa meM dIkSA grahaNa kI, usakA gotra usI ke nAma se prasiddha huvA / 104-105 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #207
205 uru caritam gavanI hyaSTAdazatamo....... iti smRtaH / zUrasenasya gotrANAM vRttAntaM zrUyatAmatha // 107 zUrasenasya dvAbhyAM vai nAribhyAM dazaputrakAH / supAtrAyAstu putrANAM gargagAvAla goyalAH // 108 mAdrayAstu........saptagotrANi santi hi siMhalAt DhiMgalAntaM hi nizcitamidamucyate // 106 yajJakArya samAptistu yadA jAtA tadaiva hi abhyAgatAH preSitAH svayaM tu vidhipUrvakam // 110 deze nivasatau tau hi bhrAtarau sukhapUrvakam kiJcitkAlasya pazcAt vai bho vidyAdhara zrUyatAm // 111 agrasena ke vaMzajoM ke gotra nimnanilita haiM--garga, goyala, gAvAla, kAMsila Adi jinameM aThArahavAM gavana kahA gayA hai / 106 ___ aba zUrasena ke gotroM ke nAma suno| zUrasena ke do striyoM se dasa putra huve / supAtrA ke putroM ke gotra garga, gAvAla aura goyala haiM / mAdrI ke putroM ke sAta gotra haiM--siMhala se lekara TiMgala taka aisA nizcita samajhanA cAhiye / 107-109 jaba yajJa kArya samAna ho gayA, to saba abhyAgata loga vidhipUrvaka vidA kara diye gaye / 110 ve donoM bhAI deza meM sukha pUrvaka nivAsa karate rahe / kucha kAla ke bAda, he vidyAdhara ! yaha suno ki zUrasena ke hRdaya meM tIrthayAtrA kI icchA utpanna huI / 1 11.112 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #208
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 206 zUrasenasya hRdayaM tIrthayAtreSagA!'bhavat // 112 bhrAturAjJA parigRhya samahiSyo'gamattadA dazanAgAstu prAcyante dvipaJcAzataturaGgamAH // 113 pazcAzItirhi zakaTAH mAnuSANAM zatadvayam bahudravyaM samAdAya............ // 114 mAghazuklapaJcamyA so'gamat zUrasenakaH // 115 [ isake anantara 'urucaritam' kA agravAla- itihAsa se koI sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai / isaliye use uddhRta karane kI hama koI AvazyakatA nahIM smjhte| Age saMkSepa meM kathA isa prakAra hai, ki zUrasena vividha jaMgaloM, parvatoM tathA nagaroM kI yAtrA karatA huvA dasa mAsa ke bAda vApisa huvA / lauTate huve rAste meM mathurA meM par3Ava ddaalaa| una dinoM mathurA meM candravaMza ke samrATa uru kA rAjya thA / jaba mahArAja uru ko agrasena ke choTe bhAI zUrasena ke padhArane kA samAcAra milA, to vaha bar3A prasanna huvA / usane apane atithi kA bar3e samAroha se svAgata kiyA aura use apanI rAjasabhA meM zrAmantrita kiyaa| zUrasena ne mahArAja uru kI rAjasabhA kI jaba dazA dekhI, to bar3A dukhI huvA / bhAI kI AjJA lekara apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha zUrasena ne tIrthayAtrA zurU kii| usane dasa hAthI, sau ghaur3e, pacAsI gAr3iyAM tathA do sau manuSya sAtha lie / bahuta sA dhana bhI sAtha liyA, aura mAgha zuklA paMcamI ko yAtrA prArambha kii| 113-115 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #209
207 uru caritama rAjasabhA jaba jIrNa hogaI thI, rAjakarmacArI saba udAsIsa ho rahe the| kAraNa yahI thA, ki rAjA ne 'prayANa' bilakula chor3a diyA thA / kucha samaya pIche, jaba mahArAja uru sabhA meM Aye, to zUrasena ne apanI yAtrA kA saba samAcAra sunAkara usake rAjya kI durdazA kA kAraNa puuchaa| usane uttara diyA-isakA kAraNa sacivoM kI udAsInatA hI hai ! rAjya ke mantrI sarvathA ayogya haiM, unake asAmarthya ko dekhakara merA hRdaya bar3A khinna hotA hai / rAjya ke mahala saba TUTa gaye haiN| hamArI bhujAoM meM pahale jaisI zakti nahIM rahI hai| mahArAja usa samaya gaharA sAMsa lekara cupa ho gye| kucha dera Thahara kara phira rAjA ne usase kahA-rAjya meM sarvatra azAnti macI huI hai / rAjya ke dakSiNI pradezoM para zatruoM ke AkramaNa ho rahe haiM / hamAre yahAM koI yogya saciva nahIM hai / saba durdazA kA yahI kAraNa hai / merA anurodha yaha hai, ki Apa kucha dina taka yahIM nivAsa kareM, aura saciva kA kArya sambhAla kara rAjakArya ko dekheM / tabhI isa rAjya ke uddhAra kI AzA hai| zUrasena ne mahArAja uru ke anurodha ko svIkAra kara liyaa| dhIre dhIre usane sArA rAjya prabandha sambhAla liyaa| rAjamahaloM kI marammata karAI gaI, bhikSuoM ke liye anna satra khule, vidyArthiyoM ke lie vidyApIThoM kI vyavasthA huI / naye nyAyAdhIza aura guptacara niyata kiye gaye / senA kA naye sire se saMgaThana huvaa| kucha hI dinoM bAda eka acchI zaktizAlI senA ekatrita hogaI / isa caturaMgiNI senA ko lekara zUrasena ne dakSiNa kI ora AkramaNa kiyA aura zatruoM ko parAsta kara For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #210
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa apane vaza kiyaa| dakSiNI sImA para rAjya kI rakSA ke liye durga banAye gye| __ jaba saba vyavasthA ThIka ho gaI, to rAjA uru aura zUrasena mathurA vApisa Aye / vahAM unakA bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha svAgata huvA / vijaya ke upalakSa meM bar3I bhArI sabhA kI gaI, jisameM brAhmaNa tathA anya bar3e loga ikaThe huve / uru ne zUrasena ke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakAzita karane ke liye mathurA kA dUsarA nAma 'zaurasena' rakhA / isa taraha zUrasena kI sahAyatA se mahArAja uru ke rAjya kA punaruddhAra huvaa| ___ hameM 'urucarita' kI jo pratilipi milI hai, vaha yahAM samApta ho jAtI hai / para isameM saMdeha nahIM, ki yaha pratilipi pUrNa nahIM hai| isakA antima zloka yaha hai idAnIM zUrasenasya saMvAdaH zrAvayiSyate / ziSya rAjya...... uruNA saha yo' bhavat / / (he ziSya ! aba vaha sambAda kaheMge, jo zUrasena kA uru ke sAtha rAjya ( ke viSaya meM ) huvA thaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM, ki urucaritam kA rAjA agrasena viSayaka jo vRttAnta hai, vaha agravAla itihAsa kI dRSTi meM bahuta hI upayogI hai| ] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #211
TippaNiyAM (1) rAjA agrasena ne jisa pradeza meM apanA nayA rAjya pRthak rUpa se sthApita kiyA, use 'uru caritam' meM gaur3a deza kahA gayA hai| isa gaur3a deza kI paribhASA isa DhaMga se kI gaI hai-- "he ziSya ! isa gauDa deza ke Upara himAlaya hai, aura isameM gaMgA yamunA nadiyAM bahatI haiM " Ajakala gauDa deza kA abhiprAya sAmAnyatayA baMgAla samajhA jAtA hai| para prAcIna samaya meM isa pradeza ko bhI gaur3a deza kahate the, jisameM Ajakala meraTha aura ambAlA kI kamiznariyAM haiM / pazcimI saMyuktaprAnta aura pUrvI paMjAba kI saMjJA gaur3a' deza bhI rahI hai| isa nAma kI smRti Aja kala ke gaur3a brAhmaNoM meM haiN| meraTha aura ambAlA kamiznarI ke brAhmaNa aba taka bhI gaur3a kahAte haiM / jisa taraha sarasvatI nadI ke samIpa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #212
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 210 basane vAle brAhmaNa sArasvata, mithilA ke brAhmaNa maithila, kannauja ke brAhmaNa kannaujiye aura drAvir3a deza ke brAhmaNa dravir3a kahAte haiM, vaise hI gaur3adeza ke nivAsI brAhmaNa gaur3a kahAte haiM / agravAloM ke purohita gaur3a brAhmaNa hI hote haiM / urucaritam meM jisa harihara ne apane ko rAjA agrasena ke vaMza kA purohita kahA hai, use gaur3a hI likhA gayA hai / baMgAla kA nAma jo gaur3a par3A, usameM eka hetu yaha bhI batAyA jAtA hai, ki isa gaur3a deza se kucha brAhmaNa vahAM jAkara base the aura unhIM ke kAraNa vaha gaur3a kahAyA jAne lagA thaa| uru caritam ke anusAra rAjA agrasena ke bhAI zUrasena ke nAma se hI mathurA ke samIpavartI pradeza kA nAma zaurasena pdd'aa| isa bAta meM satyatA kA aMza kahAM taka hai, yaha nizcita kara sakanA bar3A kaThina hai / para yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai, ki zUrasenI nAma kI eka jAti mathurA ke AsapAsa ke pradezoM meM rahatI hai| ye zUrasenI loga vaizya samajhe jAte haiM / koI Azcarya nahIM, ki jisa prakAra rAjA agrasena ne Agreya rAjya kI sthApanA kI, usI taraha se zUrasena ne apane nAma se zaurasena gaNa kI sthApanA kI ho, aura Age calakara yaha zaurasena gaNa hI zUrasenI vaizyoM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA ho / zaurasena deza kA ullekha mahAbhArata, purANa Adi prAcIna granthoM meM sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM yaha nirdeza kara denA bhI anupayukta na hogA, ki paurANika anuzruti meM andhaka vRSNi saMgha ke mukhya ( mukhiyA = rAjA) zrI kRSNa ke jJAtiyoM kA varNana karate huve ugrasena aura zUrasena kA jikra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #213
uru caritam kiyA gayA hai / andhakavRSNisaMgha meM aneka gaNarAjya sammilita the| kaI loga ugrasena aura agrasena ko eka hI samajhate haiM / yadyapi ina donoM nAmoM kI ekatA ko pradarzita karane ke liye koI pramANa nahIM hai, para mathurA ke samIpavartI pradeza meM agrasena aura zUrasena kI sattA isa kalpanA ko protsAhita avazya karatI hai, ki ugrasena aura agrasena ko eka hI mAna liyA jAya / andhakavRSNisaMgha meM sammilita gaNarAjya bhI saMbhavataH vArtAzastropajIvi va vaizya dhe / zAyada isIliye bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra ne apanI 'agravAloM kI utpatti ' meM zrI kRSNa ko vaizya batAyA hai| uru caritam meM jisa candravaMzI mahArAja uru kA ullekha hai, usa kA paurANika vaMzAvaliyoM meM kahIM patA nahIM calatA / purANoM meM uru nAma ke eka rAjA kA varNana avazya AtA hai, para mathurA ke sAtha usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #214
tIsarA pariziSTa bhAToM ke gIta chatravAna agravAla dhanavAna putravAna sAvarI bela kalyANavAna rAjA vAsuka ke dohAtamAna agara ke zara tape mahA sughara bana mAha zahara jo kahiye agrohA basiyA tAke nAma zahara basAyA agrohA jAme cAra varNa sukha pAya satrA putra bhaye RSirAI / jAko sahasanAga ghara vyAhI sahasanAga ke ghara myAha ke kiye vacana ika sAra bAMsuka vAcA kara cale dInI buddhi apAra tAkI sevA aMza te bhaye vaMza udyota For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #215
213 bhAToM ke gIta agrAhe utpata bhaye sAr3he satraha gotra sADhe matrA gotra pavitra nara agravAla suyaza baso agravAla ke vaMza ko jAnata sakala jahAna tApe caMvara Dhule chatra phire deta bar3e re dAna agravAla bhUpAla dAna de mAna bar3hAvai agravAla bhUpAla kIrti kula jasa kumAvai agravAle vaMza meM gar3ha agrohA sthAna karo kAma saba dharma kA sadA badho kalyANa pItAmbara dhotI banI kezara tilaka car3hAya pati agrasana ke baiThe cavara dulAya eka lakha nizAna padama daza rAvala rANI paMdaraso pakhareta bhayo akAza vaann| nAma kamala ke kamala kamala ke keza maMha tala vaMda purAgA samartha samajha liyo doya jAta brahmA raci zrI agravAla utpata hai eka vana oMkAra doya dharati dhara ambara tIna kahu~ triloka cAra jasa veda bhanantara pAMca race brahmANDa chaTe darzana ke mandira sipata kamana ke riSana sara vara yogIndra daza kahu~ avatAra eka dhruva agyAraha indra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #216
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 214 bArahamI bhAna rakSA kare teravA ratana caudA tUM rAjezvara paMdarasau pakhareta solahavIM kalA jalandhara siMhAsana sattA turI aThAraha bhAra vanaspati unIsA para bIza ho rAjA agrasena ko prakAza / agrasena ke dvAdaza paMca putra ghara bAsaka byAhana prAya kiroDa saje gajarAja kiroDa lakha cale paidala rAjA bAMsuka ghara mADavA vANa zIza na chAbiye agrasena ke vaMza ne kiye pUjyaM bhATa babhUtiye bAra zanizcara paJcamI pahalA pakSa zahara jo kahiye agrohA jAtI sUraja bharata hai sakSa vAya banI caubIsa tAla chatIsa baMdhAya kUpa ekasau ATha tAsu phirata duhAI cAra kile cauphera bane bAraha daravAje hATa bIsa hajAra baje chattIso bAje dAtAra ite duniyA meM sAta karoDa datava diyA jina pUjyA bhATa babhUtiyA maGgala vindala gotra DhelaNa siMhala sarva dezA jittala mittala gotra tuMgala tAyala dharmadhArI maGgala gotrI mohanA siMhala gotra sapUta garga gotrI ghor3A deve malakana jAta For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #217
215 bhAToM ke gIta maMDana nAgala jindala gotra paMca mana deha bar3AI airaNa se TheraNa pati sAr3he satraha gotra pavitra nara agravAla suyaza vaso agrasena zubha nAma agrakula kiyo ujAgara agravAla bhUpAla vaizya kula kIrti kalAdhara zaurya dayA kI mUrti dIpati bala vaibhava ke ghara putravAna dhanavAna rahe gopAla nirantara kSatrIgaNa ke bIca vaizya rAja sthApita kiyA baniyoM meM vIratA yaha jaga ko dikhalA diyA rahe sadA navanidha unake punya pratApa se hoya itihAsa prasiddha agravAla vaMza phUle phale bAya banI caubIsa pAtra chattIsa baMdhAye kUpa terA sau sATha tA Upara phirata duhAI cAra kile cauphera bane SoDasa darabAje hATa chappana hajAra baje chattIsoM bAje savA lAkha ghara zahara meM basatA Upara sthira rahai rAjA agra basAyo agrohA etA kAma tretA kiyA agrohA se nikala kara aThArA bAsa basAye prathama bAsa hisAra zahara hA~sI basAyo For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #218
216 agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa tIna gAMva tozAma tAsu para phire duhAI sirasA zahara suhAvanA nAranola nAmI takhata paMca gAMva paMca bhAvanA sAtoM zahara suthAna madhya rohataka bhI jAno pAnIpata karanAla jiMda kaithala bakhAno maTha dillI diya DiMpa sunAma buDiyo nagara caDhatI kalA sahAranapura jgaadhr| aThAraha bAsa agravAla kA mahAdeva rakSA karI aura koTI kAnuDa dharI sudhaka tape dhaNI mAtA jilo pATaNa jora samartha yoM bhavara vidhAtA nAmala aura amRtasara alavara puNya dAna kIjai etA udayapura zrAmora mAMbhara kucAmaNa meDato pAlI zrIyo ko saubhAgya sAha DiDavANoM DakA baje (brahmAnanda brahmacArI dvArA saMkalita ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #219
TippaNI bhAToM ke ina gItoM meM eka bAta mahatva kI hai| inameM una aThAraha bastiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinheM agarohA chor3akara agravAloM ne basAyA thA / agarohA se calakara agravAla loga bahuta dina taka ina tozAma, mahima, sirasA Adi aThAraha bastiyoM meM basate rahe / vahAM se phira ve anya sthAnoM para gaye / yahI kAraNa hai, ki Ajakala bahuta se agravAla parivAroM ko yaha smaraNa nahIM hai, ki unakA Adima nivAsa sthAna agarohA hai / apane Adi nivAsa sthAna ke viSaya meM pUchane para ve mahima, tozAma Adi kisI bastI ko batAte haiN| yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| agarohA chor3akara dera taka anya sthAna para base rahane ke kAraNa ve use hI apanA Adima nivAsa samajhane lge| bhAToM ke gItoM meM jina aThAraha bastiyoM kA ullekha hai, unameM aba bhI agravAloM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai / agravAloM kI anuzruti meM yahAM phira 'aThAraha' aMka kA mahattva hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #220
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 218 1 aThAraha gotroM ke samAna ina bastiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI aThAraha hI hai sambhavataH, agravAloM ke aThAraha gotroM kA ina aThAraha bastiyoM ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai / ina bastiyoM ke basane se pUrva bhI agravAloM meM aThAraha gotra the / bhAToM ke ye gIta, agarohA ujar3ane ke bAda agravAloM ne jo bastiyAM basAI, unhIM kA ullekha karate haiM / atyanta prAcIna kAla meM AgarA, Agara ( madhya bhArata ) Adi meM unhoMne jo upaniveza va bastiyAM basAI thI, unakA inameM jikra nahIM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #221
cauthA pariziSTa bhAratIya itihAsa ke vaizya rAjA bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa meM bahuta se rAjA huve haiM, jinheM spaSTa rUpa se vaizya likhA gayA hai| purANoM kI vaMzAvaliyoM meM kevala vaizAlaka vaMza hI aisA hai, jise vaizya vaMza kahA jA sakatA hai| para bAda ke itihAsa meM aneka aise vaMza Ate haiM, jinheM vividha lekhakoM ne vaizya likhA hai / inameM mukhya magadha kA gupta vaMza, sthAevIzvara ( thAnesara ) kA vardhana vaMza aura campAvatI kA nAga vaMza haiN| maMjuzrImUla kalpa nAmaka jo bauddha aitihAsika grantha upalabdha huvA hai, usameM vividha rAjAoM kI jAti sAtha meM dI gaI hai| usake kucha uddharaNa hama yahAM dete haiM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #222
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 220 "usa samaya do bahuta dhanI AdamI the, jo viSNu ke putra ye| unameM se eka kA nAma bha se zurU hotA thA / ve donoM mukhya mantrI the / ve donoM atyanya dhanI, zrImAn, prasiddha aura zAsana kArya meM rata the | * * Age cala kara ve svayaM svAmI ( manujezvara ) ho gaye, aura unameM se eka rAjA ( bhUpAla ) ho gayA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tadanantara, 78 varSa taka tIna rAjAoM ne rAjya kiyA / ve zrIkaNTha ke nivAsI the / eka kA nAma Aditya thA, vaha vaizya thA aura sthANvIzvara meM rahatA thA / anta meM ha ( harSa vardhana ) nAma kA rAjA saba dezoM kA cakravatIM rAjA ( sarvabhUminarAdhipaH ) ho gayA / ' " 1 isa uddharaNa meM thAnesara ke vardhana rAjAoM kA hAla diyA gayA hai| inheM spaSTa rUpa se vaizya likhA haiM / isa vaMza kA prArambha Aditya yA Adityavardhana se mAnA hai, jisakI vaMzAvalI yaha hai rAjyavardhana Adityavardhana 1 prabhAkaravardhana harSavardhana 1. viSNu prabhavau tatra mahAbhogo dhanino tadA / 614 madhyamAt tau bhakArAdyau mantrimukhyau ubhau tadA / dhaninau zramitau khyAtau zAsane'smi hite ratau // 615 tataH pareNa maMtrI bhUpAlau jAtau manujezvarau // 166 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #223
221 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhAratIya itihAsa ke vaizya rAjA harSavardhana kA zAsanakAla 606 IsvI se 647 IsvI taka hai / isa vaMza ne kula 78 varSa ( yA dakSiNI bhArata meM prApta maMjuzrImUla kalpa kI prati ke anusAra 115 varSa ) taka rAjya kiyA / prasiddha cInI yAtrI natsAMga ne bhI, jo mahArAja harSavardhana kI rAjasabhA meM dera taka rahA thA, ina rAjAoM ko vaizya likhA hai / rAjyavardhana aura harSavardhana ke sambandha meM maMju zrI mUlakalpa kI nimnalikhita paMktiyAM ullekha yogya haiM "usa samaya madhyadeza meM ra ( rAjyavardhana ) nAma kA rAjA atyanta prasiddha hogA / vaha vaizya jAti kA hogA / vaha zAsana kArya meM atyanta samartha tathA soma nAma ke rAjA ke samAna hI hogA / usakA choTA bhAI ha (harSavardhana ) eka hI vIra hogA / usakI senA bahuta bar3I hogI / vaha zUra, parAkramI tathA bar3A prasiddha hogA / soma ( zazAMka ) rAjA ke viruddha AkramaNa kara vaha vaizya rAjA (harSavardhana ) use parAsta karegA / " saptyaSTau tathA zrIriNa zrIkaNThAvAsinastadA / AdityanAmA vaizyAstu sthAnamIzvaravAsinaH / / 617 bhaviSyati na sandeho ante sarvatra bhUpatiH hakArAkhyo nAmataH prokto sarvabhUminarAdhipaH / / 618 maMjuzrImUlakalpa pRSTha 45 I. bhaviSyate ca tadAkAle madhyadeze nRpo varaH / kArAkhyastu vidyAtmA vaizya vRttimacaJcalaH / / 716 zAsane'smiM tathA zakta somAkhya sasamo nRpaH / 720 tasyApyanujo hkArAkhya ekavIro bhaviSyati For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #224
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 222 yaha bAta mahatva kI hai, ki thAnesara ke jina rAjAoM kA bhAratIya itihAsa meM itanA mahatva hai, aura jinhoMne kucha samaya ke liye prAyaH sAre uttarI bhArata ko apane AdhIna kara liyA thA, ve vaizya the| thAnesara karanAla jile meM hai, karanAla aura thAnesara hisAra va agarohA se dUra nahIM haiM / bhAToM ke gItoM ke anusAra agarohA chor3akara agravAloM ne jo prArambhika bastiyAM basAI thIM, unameM ye sthAna antargata the / koI Azcarya nahIM, ki sthAevIzvara ke vaizya rAjAoM kA-jo uru caritam ke zUrasena kI taraha eka anya rAjA ke mantrI bana kara phira svayaM sarvesarvA ho gaye the--agarohA ke vaizya Agreya gaNa ke sAtha koI sambandha ho / ___ maMjuzrI mUla kalpa ne nAga vaMza ko bhI vaizya likhA hai| bhAratIya itihAsa meM nAga vaMza kA bar3A mahatva hai| jAyasavAla jI ne inakI prasiddha bhAraziva vaMza se ekatA sthApita kI hai| nAgoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai "taba phira vaizya vaMza kA rAjA zizu rAjya kregaa| phira nAgarAja nAma kA rAjA gauDa deza kA zAsana kregaa| usake samIpa brAhmaNa aura vaizya raheMge / nAgarAjA svayaM bhI vaizya hoMge aura vaizyoM se hI ghire rheNge|" mahAsanya samAyuktaH zUraH krAntavikramaH / / 721. nirdhAsye hakArAkhyo nRpatiM sAmaM vizrutam vaizyavRttistato rAjA mahAsanyo mahAbalaH / / 772 parAjayAmAsa somAkhyam .. .. . . . . . 715 maMjuzrImUlakalpa pRSTha 53-54 vaizyavarNazizustadA 1746 nAgarAjasamAyo gauDarAjA bhaviSyati For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #225
223 bhAratIya itihAsa ke vaizya rAjA ___ ina vaizya nAgoM kA itihAsa hameM likhane kI prAkazyakatA nhiiN| zrI kAzIprasAda jI ne isa bAta para Azcarya pragaTa kiyA hai, ki ina nAga rAjAoM ko vaizya kyoM likhA gayA hai / para hameM isameM koI Azcarya pratIta nahIM hotaa| nAga rAjAoM kA vaizya agravaMza se prAcIna sambandha hai| unako bhI yadi vaizya jAtiyoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA ho, to yaha sarvathA sambhava hai| vardhana tathA nAga vaMza ke atirikta bhAratIya itihAsa ke suprasiddha gupta vaMza ko bhI maMjuzrI mRla kalpa ne vaizya likhA hai / isI gupta vaMza meM candragupta prathama, samudragupta, candragupta dvitIya ( vikramAditya ), kumAragupta aura skandagupta jaise prasiddha samrAT huve| isa sambandha meM bhI maMjuzrI mUla kalpa kI nimnalikhita bAteM ullekha yogya haiM-- "niHsandeha usa deza meM taba eka rAjA hogA, jo madhurA ( mathurA) kA utpanna huvA hogA, aura jisakI mAtA vaizAlI kI hogii| vaha vaNik (vaizya ) jAti kA hogaa| vaha magadha deza kA rAjA ho jaavegaa|" ante tasya nape tiSThaM jayAcAvarNanadvizau / / 750 vaizyaH parivRtA vaizyaM nAgAhRyo samantataH / / 75. 1. maMjuzrImUlakalpa pR0 55-56 1. bhaviSyanti na sandeha: tasmiM daza narAdhipAH mathurAjAto vaizAlyA vaNik pUrvI napo varaH so'pi pUjitamUrtistu mAgadhAnAM nRpo bhavet / / 760 maMjuzrImUlakalpa pR0 56 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #226
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 224 yaha varNana guptavaMza ke eka rAjA ke sambandha meM kiyA gayA hai / isase tIna bAteM spaSTa haiM---guptavaMza ke rAjA vaizya jAti ke the / unakA udbhava mathurA meM huvA thA aura unakA vaizAlI ke sAtha sambandha thaa| mathurA usa pradeza meM hai, jahAM se vaizya zrAgreyagaNa dUra nahIM hai / svayaM mathurA kA ghaniSTha sambandha rAjA agrasena ke bhAI vaizya zUrasena ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| urucaritam ke anusAra to zaurasena deza jo mathurA kahAne lagA, usakA kAraNa yaha vaizya zUrasena hI thaa| vaizAlI ke prAcIna rAjavaMza vaizAlaka vaMza kA udbhava vaizya bhalandana tathA vAtsaprI se hubA thA, rAjA vizAla kI kanyAoM se rAjA dhanapAla ke putroM kA vivAha huvA thaa| isa prakAra vaizAlI ke vaMza kA vaizyoM ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai, aura guptoM kA vaizya honA sarvathA saMgata hai| guptavaMzI samrATa vaizya the, yaha jahAM maMjuzrImUlakalpa se sUcita hotA hai, vahAM ina rAjAoM kA apane nAmoM ke sAtha 'gupta' lagAnA bhI isI bAta kA dyotaka hai| 'gupta' lagAne kI paramparA vaizyoM meM hI hai, aura dharmagranthoM ne bhI isakA vidhAna kiyA hai / para zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne apane grantha A Political History of India meM guptoM ko jATa siddha kiyA hai| unakI mukhya yuktiyAM nimnalikhita haiM (1) gupta samrAToM kA gotra dhAraNa thA / eka zilAlekha meM gupta rAjakumArI prabhAkaraguptA ko dhAraNa gotrIyA' likhA gayA hai / usake pati kA gotra 'viSNuvRddha' thA / prabhAkara guptA kA apanA gotra dhAraNa thA / yaha dhAraNa gotra jAToM meM hai| kyoMki unakI eka upajAti dhenu ( Dhenri ) haiM, jo amRtasara jile meM pAI jAtI hai| ye dhena jATa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #227
225 bhAratIya itihAsa ke vaizya rAjA sambhavataH dhAraNa gotrI guptoM ke pratinidhi haiN| zrI jAyasavAla jI ke bAda zrIyuta dazaratha zarmA ne bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI ke mukhapatra meM eka lekha dvArA pragaTa kiyA hai, ki bIkAnera riyAsata ke jAToM meM eka bheda dhAraNiyA hai| ataH gupta samrAToM kA pratinidhi bIkAnera ke ina dhAraNiyA jAToM ko samajhanA adhika upayukta hai, amRtasara ke dhena jAToM ko nahIM / (2) kaumudI mahotsava nAmaka saMskRta nATaka meM eka rAjA caNDa sena kA vRtAnta hai, jisane ki magadha ko jIta kara apane adhIna kara liyA thA / usane pazcima kI tarapha se pATalIputra para AkramaNa kiyA thA / isa carssena ko kAraskara likhA gayA hai / kAraskara nAma kI eka jAti paMjAba meM rahatI thI, jo paMjAba ke nivAsI vAhIkoM va jAtrikoM ( jAToM ) kI eka zAkhA thI / zrI0 jAyasavAla jI ke anusAra kaumudI mahotsava kA caNDasena aura guptavaMza kA candragupta eka hI haiM / ataH candragupta kI jAti kAraskara huI, aura usakA paMjAba kI tarapha se AkramaNa kara magadha para adhikAra karanA sUcita hotA hai / I (3) gupta samrAT apanI jAti kahIM bhI pragaTa nahIM karate / isase anumAna hotA hai, ki ve ucca jAti ke nahIM the / sambhavataH unhoMne jAna bUjha kara apanI jAti ko chipAyA hai / zrI0 jAyasavAla jI kI isa yukti paramparA para vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA | gupta samrAToM kI jAti ko nizcita karane kA eka acchA sAdhana kumArI prabhAkara guptA kA dhAraNa gotra hai / yaha dhAraNa gotra DhairaNa (dharaNa) kI zakala meM vaizya agravAloM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isake For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #228
226 agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa lie amRtasara kI sarvathA aprasiddha dhenu jAti yA bIkAnera kI dhAraNiyA jAti ko khojane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| dhAraNa-gotrIyA prabhAkara guptA kA vivAha jisa kumAra se huvA thA, usake vaMza ko bhI vaizya kahA gayA hai, usakA vaizya dhAraNa gotra kI kumArI se vivAha honA adhika saMgata hai, choTI jAti kI kumArI se nhiiN| ___ gupta samrAToM ne apanI jAti ko chipAyA hai, yaha kahanA zAyada ucita nahIM hai / sambhavataH, apane vaMza ke sambandha meM saba se adhika spaSTa rUpa se unhoMne hI sUcanA dI hai / dharma granthoM ke Adeza 'gupteti vaizyasya' kA anusaraNa karate huve unhoMne 'gupta' zabda kA apane nAmoM ke sAtha prayoga kiyA hai| dharmasmRtiyoM ke nirmANa kA samaya bhI aitihAsika loga prAyaH gupta kAla ko mAnate haiM / jisa kAla ke dharmazAstra praNetA yaha vyavasthA kara rahe hoM, ki vaizya loga apane nAma ke sAtha gupta lagAveM, usI kAla ke parama dhArmika vaiSNava samrAT 'jATa' hokara apane sAtha 'gupta' prayukta kareM, yaha kucha asaMgata pratIta hotA hai| ___kaumudI mahotsava ke caNDasena kI candragupta se ekatA kahAM taka ucita hai, yaha bhI saMdehAspada hai / para ise mAna bhI leM, to caNDasena kA jATa honA isa grantha se sUcita nahIM hotaa| 'kAraskara' zabda kA prayoga kaumudI mahotsava meM ghRNA ko sUcita karane ke lie huvA hai, ThIka usI taraha jaise usI grantha meM licchaviyoM ko gleccha kahA gayA hai / kyA hama yaha samajhe, ki licchavI loga mleccha the, kyoMki kaumudI mahotsava ne unheM ghRNArtha meM mleccha kahalAyA hai ? isI taraha kevala kAraskara kaha dene se hI caNDasena kA usa jAti kA honA sUcita nahIM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #229
227 bhAratIya itihAsa ke vaizya rAjA 1 hotA / yaha ThIka haiM, ki kAraskara paMjAba kI tarapha ke rahane vAle the para paMjAba meM jAToM ke atirikta anya bhI bahuta sI jAtiyAM basatI thIM / kAraskara jATa the, yaha siddha karane meM jAyasavAla jI ko saphalatA nahIM milI / vaizya Agreya loga bhI paMjAba ke nivAsI the| kAraskara zabda kA prayoga kaumudI mahotsava ne pazcima kI tarapha ke logoM ke liye ghRNArtha meM kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se vaizya AgreyoM ke liye bhI isa zabda kA prayoga ho sakatA hai 1 jATa loga apane ko kSatriya kahate haiM / ve nIca jAti ke haiM, aura isIliye gupta samrAT apane vaMza ko batAne meM saMkoca karate the, ise jATa loga kabhI svIkAra na kareMge / maMjuzrImUlakalpa meM 'mathurAjAta : ' kA artha mathurA kA jATa samajhanA bhI kucha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki agalA hI zabda ' vaNik' hai / yadi lekhaka kA mathurAjAtaH se abhiprAya mathurA kA jATa hotA, to vaha agalA hI zabda ' vaNika' na likhatA / mathurAjAtaH kA artha mathurA meM paidA huvA hI hai / maMjuzrImUlakalpa ke lekhaka ko, jaisA ki jAyasavAla jI ne likhA hai, gupta zabda se bhrama nahIM ho gayA thA / isI zabda ke kAraNa bhUmavaza usane candragupta, samudragupta Adi ko vaizya nahIM likha diyA hai / hama samajhate haiM, usane saccI aitahAsika anuzruti ke AdhAra para hI yaha bAta likhI hai 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #230
pAMcavAM pariziSTa madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti agravAloM ke prAcIna itihAsa para hama vistAra se vicAra kara cuke haiM / agravAla jAti kI utpatti kisa prakAra huI, mahArAja agrasena kauna the, unakA vaMza kaunasA thA, agarohA para kina videziyoM ke AkramaNa huve - Adi sabhI mahatvapUrNa praznoM kI hamane vizadarUpa se vivecanA kI hai / agarohA ke patana ke bAda vahAM ke nivAsI agravAla loga dhIre dhIre anya sthAnoM para basane lage / pahale unhoMne amarohA ke samIpa hI aThAraha bastiyAM basAI, phira vahAM se bhI anyatra jAkara basane zurU huve, aura dhIre dhIre uttarI bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI pradezoM meM phaila gaye / agravAloM kA rAjanItika itihAsa to tabhI samApta ho gayA thA, jaba Agreya gaNa bhArata ke sAmrAjyavAdI narezoM ke adhIna huvA thA / isake For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #231
229 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti bAda isa gaNa ke loga eka pRthak jAti ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayeyaha bhI hama pahale pradarzita kara cuke haiM / isa samaya se isa gaNa yA jAti kA apanA koI itihAsa nahIM hai, para isake kucha pramukha manuSyoM ne apanI pratibhA tathA pratApa se jo unnati kI, usakA kucha kucha paricaya avazya milatA hai / hama pichale pariziSTa meM yaha sambhAvanA prakaTa kara cuke haiM, ki guptavaMzI samrATa vaizya Agreya the| anya bhI aneka rAjAoM va samrAToM kA vaizya honA hama pradarzita kara cuke haiN| yaha sarvathA sambhava hai, ki Agreya gaNa ke kucha pratApI vaizya kumAroM ne apanI zakti aura pratibhA dvArA ina vaizya vaMzoM kA prArambha kiyA ho / bhAratIya itihAsa meM AThavIM sadI eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa parivartana kI sadI hai / isa kAla meM bhArata kI rAjanItika zakti pradhAnatayA una jAtiyoM ke hAtha meM calI gaI, jinheM Ajakala rAjapUta kahA jAtA hai / bhArata ke purAne rAjavaMzoM va rAjanItika zaktiyoM kA isa samaya prAyaH lopa ho gayA / purAne maurya, zuMga, paJcAla, andhaka, vRSNi, kSatriya, bhoja Adi rAja kuloM kA nAma aba sarvathA lupta ho gayA, aura unake sthAna para cauhAna, rAThaura, pramAra, rASTrakUTa Adi naye rAjakuloM kI zakti pragaTa huI / purAne rAjakuloM ke sAtha hI Agreya kula kI zakti tathA kIrti bhI manda par3a gaI / yahI kAraNa hai, ki isa kAla meM Agreya va agravAloM ke sambandha meM kucha bhI paricaya prApta nahIM hotaa| damavoM sadI meM bhArata para turkoM ke AkramaNa zurU huve / pazcima kI tarapha ke ina vividha musalamAna AkrAntAoM-turka, paThAna aura mugaloM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #232
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 23. ke AkramaNa kaI sadiyoM taka jArI rhe| dhIre dhIre rAjapUtoM kI zakti bhI manda par3ane lagI, aura bhArata kA bar3A bhAga vividha musalamAna kuloM ke adhIna ho gyaa| isa kAla taka bhArata ke prAcIna gaNarAjya pUrNatayA jAti ke rUpa meM parivartita ho cuke the| vArtAzastropajIvi gaNoM kI zastropajIvitA sarvathA naSTa ho cukI thI, vArtA ( kRSi, pazupAlana aura vANijya ) meM hI unhoMne vizeSa unnati kara lI thii| agarohA ke dhvaMsa ke bAda agravAla loga jaba anya sthAnoM para basa rahe the, to svAbhAvika rUpa se unakA saMsarga usa samaya kI rAjanItika zaktiyoM ke sAtha huvaa| yahI kAraNa hai, ki kucha agravAla apanI pratibhA aura yogyatA ke kAraNa U~ce U~ce rAjakIya padoM para adhiSThita huve| saubhAgyavaza, inakA kucha kucha paricaya isa samaya bhI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi agravAloM ke prAcIna itihAsa ke sAtha inakA koI sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai, para agravAla jAti ke itihAsa meM inakA ullekha kiyA jAnA upayogI hai| isI dRSTi se yahAM hama kucha aise pratApI agravAloM kA saMkSipta paricaya dene kA prayatna kareMge, jinhoMne apanI zakti va yogyatA se madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta kiyaa| isa sambandha meM jo bhI paricaya hama yahAM de rahe haiM, usakA mukhya AdhAra bRTiza sarakAra dvArA prakAzita DisTrikTa gejeTiyara haiM / sarakAra dvArA prakAzita gejeTiyaroM meM pratyeka jile ke mukhya mukhya parivAroM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / svAbhAvika rUpa se inameM vartamAna pramukha parivAroM ke una pUrvajoM kA bhI jikra hai, jinhoMne koI asAdhAraNa kArya kara kIrti ko prApta kiyA thaa| DisTrikTa gejeTiyaroM ke atirikta, anya bhI kucha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #233
231 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti aitihAsika pustakoM kA prayoga isa vivaraNa ke liye kiyA gayA hai| ina pustakoM kA ullekha sAtha sAtha hI kara diyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha madhyakAla ke agravAloM kA kramavaddha itihAsa nahIM hai, tathApi isakI upayogitA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| paTiyAlA kA dIvAna nannUmala san 1765 meM mahArAja amarasiMha paTiyAlA kI rAjagaddI para baitthe| unakA dIvAna lAlA nannUmala thA / rAjA amarasiMha ke yuddhoM meM dIvAna nannUmala ne bar3A mahatvapUrNa bhAga liyA / rAjA amara siMha apane samIpavartI mugala durgoM ko jIta kara una para apanA adhikAra sthApita kara rahA thaa| phatahAbAda aura sirasA para vaha apanA adhikAra jamA cukA thaa| phira usane rAniyA para hamalA kiyaa| isI bIca meM dillI ke mugala samrATa kI AjJA se hAMsI ke sUbedAra rahImadAda khAM ne jIMda para hamalA kiyaa| isa samAcAra ko sunakara amarasiMha ne jIMda kI rakSArtha dIvAna nannUmala ko bhejA / dIvAna na nUmala bar3A kuzala senApati thaa| usane kaithala aura jIMda kI senAoM ke sAtha bar3I saphalatA se apanA sambandha sthApita kiyA, aura tInoM senAoM ( jIMda, kaithala aura paTiyAlA ) ne milakara vIratA ke sAtha mugala senApati kA mukAbalA kiyA / mugala senA parAsta huI aura rahImadAda khAM vApisa lauTa gyaa| isake bAda dIvAna nannUmala ne hAMsI aura hisAra ke Upara hamalA kiyA / ina donoM jiloM kI mugala senAoM ko parAsta kara dAvAna For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #234
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa nannUmala ne vahAM paTiyAlA kA Adhipatya sthApita kiyaa| isI bIca meM saradAra harisiMha ne paTiyAlA ke mahArAja amara siMha ke viruddha bag2Avata kI / ise dabAne ke liye dIvAna nannUmala gayA aura saphalatA pUrvaka harisiMha ko parAsta kiyA / dillI ke bAdazAha kA pradhAna mantrI ina dinoM navAba majaduddaulA abdula ahada thA / vaha bar3A mahattvAkAMkSI thaa| usane dillI kI bAdazAhata kI zakti kI punaH sthApanA ke liye paTiyAlA rAjya para AkramaNa kiyaa| paTiyAlA se 16 mIla kI dUrI para gharAma nAmaka gAMva meM dIvAna nannUmala ne usakA sAmanA kiyA aura apane rAjya kI dillI kI bAdazAhata se rakSA kii| san 1781 meM pATayAlA ke mahArAja amarasiMha kI mRtyu ho gaI / unakA lar3akA sAhibasiMha kevala 6 varSa kI Ayu kA thA / paTiyAlA ke sikkha rAjya kI sthApanA jina paristhitiyoM meM huI thI, unameM rAjya ko saMbhAla sakanA kisI bahuta hI yogya vyakti kA kAma thaa| ra nI hukmAM kI preraNA se isa samaya dIvAna nannUmala paTiyAlA kA pradhAna mantrI ( vajIra ) bnaa| niHsandeha, usase adhika yogya aura kuzala vyakti paTiyAlA rAjya meM anya koI na thA / sAhibasiMha ke gaddI para baiThate hI cAroM tarapha vidroha kI jvAlAyeM bhar3aka utthiiN| inameM tIna vidroha bar3e prasiddha haiM / pahalA vidroha bhavAnIgar3ha ke sUbedAra saradAra mahAnasiMha ke netRtva meM huvA / ise dIvAna nannUmala ne bar3I vIratA ke sAtha damana kiyaa| dUsarA vidroha koTa sumera meM zurU huvaa| abhI nannUmala ise damana karane meM lagA thA, ki saradAra zrAlAsiMha ke netRtva meM tIsarA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #235
233 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti vidroha bhIkhe meM zurU hogyaa| saradAra AlAsiMha rAjA amara siMha kI dUsarI vidhavA rAnI khemakaura kA bhAI thaa| rAjadarabAra meM svAbhAvika rUpa se usakA bar3A prabhAva thA / isa tIsare vidroha ne bar3A vikaTa rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / para dIvAna nannUmala jarA bhI vicalita nahIM huvA / usane eka bar3I bhArI senA ekatrita kI, jisameM paTiyAlA, jIMda, nAbhA, malerakoTalA, bhadaur3a aura rAmaghariyA rAjyoM kI phaujeM zAmila thiiN| dIvAna nannUmala ne isa senA ke sAtha vidrohiyoM kA khUba mukAbalA kiyA aura anta meM unheM parAsta kiyA / jaba saradAra AlAsiMha ne dekhA, ki dIvAna kA mukAbalA kara sakanA asambhava hai, taba eka dina rAta ke samaya avasara pAkara vaha bhAga nikalA aura apane ghara talavaNDI meM jA pahu~cA / para nannUmala ne vahAM bhI usakA pIchA kiyA aura use kaida kara liyaa| isI bIca meM san 1783 meM uttarI bhArata meM bar3A bhArI durbhikSa par3A / paTiyAlA meM bhI isakA bar3A prakopa huvaa| isa avasara para jo avyavasthA huI, usase lAbha uThAkara paTiyAlA ke saradAroM meM vidroha kI pravRtti phira prabala hone lgii| para dIvAna nannUmala aba bhI vicalita na huvA / vaha asAdhAraNa yogyatA kA manuSya thA--Apatti ke samaya meM usakI zakti aura bhI bar3ha jAtI thii| usane lakhanaU se khUba sIkhe huve topaciyoM ko bulAyA aura aise Aphimara bhI naukarI meM rakhe, jo paTiyAlA kI senA ko naye yUropiyana DhaMga se saMgaThita kara skeN| isa senA kI madada se usane ina naye vidrohoM ko bhI saphalatA se parAsta kiyA / inhIM yuddhoM meM dIvAna ko talavAra se coTa AI aura kucha samaya ke liye For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #236
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 234 usakA jIvana hI khatare meM par3a gayA / para kucha samaya bAda vaha svastha ho gayA aura vidrohiyoM ko parAsta karane meM samartha huvA | agale varSa rAnI hukmAM kI mRtyu ho gaI / isase dIvAna nannUmala ke zatruoM kI zakti bar3ha gii| rAnI khemakaura kI pArTI ne use kaida kara liyA aura kaidI ke rUpa meM paTiyAlA le Aye / para sikkha saradAroM meM eka vyakti aura thA, jo dIvAna ke vAstavika mahatva ko samajhatA thA / yaha thI, rAnI rAjendra kaura / usane eka dala saMgaThita kara dIvAna ko kaida se mukta kiyA aura phira pradhAnamantrI ke pada para adhiSThita kiyA / 1 dIvAna ke kaida hone ke samAcAra se sAre rAjya meM vidroha aura avyavasthA maca gaI thI / isa sthiti meM nannUmala ne anubhava kiyA, ki rAjya meM zAnti sthApita karane ke liye paTiyAlA ke saradAroM para nirbhara karanA kaThina hai / usane marAThA saradAra dhArarAva ke sAtha bAtacIta zurU kI / dhArarAva, una dinoM dillI tathA usake samIpavartI pradeza para apanA adhikAra jamA cukA thA, aura yamunA tathA sataluja nadiyoM ke bIca ke pradeza ke aneka sikkha rAjya usake sAtha sandhi kara cuke the / dhArarAva kI sahAyatA se nannUmala ke vividha vidrohI saradAroM ko parAsta kiyA / dhArarAva to kucha dinoM meM lauTa gayA, para nannUmala ko rAjya ko vyavasthita va zAnta karane meM asAdhAraNa saphalatA milI / vidrohI saradAra vaza meM A gaye aura phira se rAjakIya kara vyavasthita rUpa se vasUla hone lage / mahArAja amarasiMha kI mRtyu ke bAda jo vipattiyAM paTiyAlA rAjya para AI, una saba kA dIvAna nannUmala ne bar3I saphalatA se nivAraNa kiyA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #237
235 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti dIvAna nannUmala sunAma nAmaka gAMva kA nivAsI thA, aura jAti se agravAla thA / aitihAsika grIphitha ne usakI vIratA, kArya kuzalatA tathA yogyatA kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| usane likhA hai-"vaha bar3A anubhavI tathA saccA manuSya thA / usane kyA raNakSetra aura kyA rAjasabhAdonoM meM rAjA amarasiMha ke lie bar3A uttama kArya kiyaa|" usake lar3ake sAhibasiMha kA rAjya bhI jo saMbhAla rahA, vaha nannUmala kA hI kartRtva thaa| (grIphina ke Panjaly Rajas se saMkalita ) banArasa kA rAya parivAra isa parivAra ke saba se prasiddha puruSa rAya rAmapratApa huve haiN| ye prasiddha mugala samrATa akabara ke samaya meM janAne mahala ke dArogA the / inakI pratibhA tathA yogyatA se prasanna hokara akabara ne inheM vaMzaparamparAgata rUpa se 'rAya' kA khitAba diyaa| abataka bhI rAmapratApa ke vaMzaja apane nAma ke sAtha 'rAya' lagAte haiN| sAtha hI, akabara ne rAmapratApa ko 'AlI khAnadAna' kA sammAna pradAna kiyaa| isake atirikta zAhI muhara se aMkita eka bahumUlya naulakhA hAra bhI akabara kI tarapha se rAmapratApa ko upahAra meM milA thA, jo aba taka unake vaMzajoM ke pAsa hai| akabara bar3A guNagrAhI samrATa thaa| usake samaya meM bahuta se hinduoM ne apanI yogyatA ke kAraNa hI UMce UMce pada prApta kiye aura asAdhAraNa unnati kI / rAya rAmapratApa inameM se eka the| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #238
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 236 isI vaMza meM Age cala kara jo bhI puruSa huve, saba mug2ala darabAra meM kArya karate the / unameM rAya indramAna bahuta prasiddha huve / rAya indramAna ne bahuta unnati kI, aura zAhajahAM ke samaya meM dIvAna ke mahattvapUrNa pada taka pahuMca gaye / mugala bAdazAha se unheM 'rAjA' kA khitAba prApta huvaa| rAjA indramana ke pautra rAya khyAlIrAma huve / inake samaya meM mugala bAdazAhata nirbala ho cukI thI, aura vRiTiza logoM kI zakti bhArata meM bar3ha rahI thii| baMga la briTiza logoM ke hAtha meM A cukA thA, aura sAtha hI bihAra para bhI aMgrejoM kA Adhipatya sthApita horahA thA / rAya khyAlIrAma bAdazAha zAhaAlama ke samaya meM bAdazAha ke vakIla the, aura bihAra prAnta ke nAyaba dIvAna sUbA ho gaye the / inako zAhaAlama bahuta mAnate the, aura bAdazAha ke bahuta gupta kAma inako sauMpe jAte the| zAhaAlama ke aMgrejoM se saMdhi karane para jaba bihAra aMgrejoM ke hAtha meM AyA, to bhI ye bihAra ke DipTI gavarnara rahe / lArDa klAiva ne inheM rAjA bahAdura kI padavI pradAna kI thii| Age cala kara jaba IsTa inDiyA kampanI ne bihAra prAnta kI mAlagujArI va anya AmadanI ko Theke para denA zurU kiyA, to isa sAre sUbe kI rAjakIya AmadanI kA ThekA rAjA khyAlIrAma bahAdura ne rAjA va lyANasiMha ke sAtha milakara unatIsa lAkha rupaye meM le liyA / rAjA khyAlIrAma ke prabandha se janatA santuSTa huI / isase pUrva IsTa INDiyA kampanI ke aMgreja karmacArI mAlagujArI tathA anya kara vasUla karane ke liye janatA para bar3e atyAcAra karate the-- loga unase bar3e taMga the| para rAjA khyAlIrAma ke prabandha se unheM saMtoSa huvA, aura bihAra kA prabandha bar3I zAnti tathA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #239
237 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti kuzalatA se hone lgaa| bihAra prAnta meM Ajakala DumarAMva aura TIkarI kI riyAsateM bar3I prasiddha haiM, inake pUrvaja rAjA khyAlIrAma ke karmacArI hI the / rAjA khyAlIrAma ke AdhIna sevA karate huve hI ina riyAsatoM ke saMsthApakoM ne apanI bhAvI unnati kI nIMva ddaalii| rAjA khyAlIrAma kI purANI vaMzakramAgata jAgIra ilAhAbAda jile ke mahagAMva paragane meM thI / aMgrejoM kA pakSa lene me vaha jAgIra mugala bAdazAha ne jabta karalI thI / lArDa klAiva ne samrATa zAhaAlama ko vivaza kiyA, ki mahagAMva kI isa jAgIra ko rAjA khyAlIrAma ko vApisa karade / rAjA khyAlIrAma bar3e zaktizAlI, yogya aura cANAkSa puruSa the 1 bihAra meM unhoMne jo zakti prApta kI, vaha vastutaH bar3I adbhuta thii| unakA vaiyaktika jIvana bar3A UMcA aura dharmamaya thA / eka lekhaka ne unake sambandha meM eka kathA dI hai, jo bar3e mahatva kI hai| eka bAra kI bAta hai, ki koI musalamAna apane baccoM ke sAtha phArasa se bhArata AyA aura ajimAbAda meM tthhraa| rAjA khyAlIrAma bhI taba vahIM rahate the / vaha phArasI musAphira bar3A thakA huvA thA / usake cAra bacce bhI usake sAtha meM the| rAta ko vaha acAnaka bImAra par3a gayA, aura subaha taka usakI mRtyu bhI ho gaI / bacce anAtha ho ge| musAphira ke pAsa jo I sampatti thI, usa para kabjA karane ke liye phaujadArI mahakame ke Aphisara subaha hI A pahu~ce / unhoMne bar3I nirdayatA ke sAtha sAre mAla asabAba ko apane kabje meM kara liyaa| becAre anAtha bacce sarvathA hI asahAya ho gae / jaba yaha samAcAra rAjA khyAlIrAma ko mAlUma huvA, to vaha una baccoM ko apane ghara le AyA, aura apane hI baccoM ke samAna unakA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #240
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 238 bhI pAlana zurU kiyA / kyoMki vaha bacce musalamAna ghara meM paidA huve the, ataH unakI zikSA ke liye musalamAna maulavI niyata kiyA gayA / unheM bilakula apane baccoM kI taraha se pAlakara usane bar3A kiyA / isa ghaTanA se rAjA khyAlIrAma ke dayApUrNa hRdaya kA paricaya milatA hai / rAjA khyAlIrAma kA putra rAya bAlagobinda thA / inakI bhI IsTa iNDiyA kampanI meM bar3I pratiSThA thI / san 1777 meM vArena hesTiMgsa kI tarapha se inheM baliyA aura tAMDA ke paragane jAgIra ke taura para prApta huve the / san 1792 meM isa jAgIra kI evaja meM inheM 4000 rupayA mAsika paiMzana de dI gaI thI / rAya bAlagobinda kI mRtyu san 1810 meM huii| rAya bAlagobinda ke do lar3ake the- rAya paTanImala aura rAya baMzIdhara / inameM rAya paTanImala bar3e prasiddha huve / inakA janma san 1710 maM huvA thA / yuvAvasthA meM hI inhoMne IsTa iNDiyA kampanI kI sarvisa prArambha kI, aura apanI yogyatA tathA kuzalatA ke kAraNa bar3I pratiSThA prApta kI / san 1803 meM mejara janarala veleslI ne IsTa iNDiyA kampanI kI tarapha se avadha ke navAba vajIra tathA gvAliyara ke mahArAja sindhiyA ke sAtha jo sandhi kI, usameM mukhya kartRtva rAya paTanImala kA hI thA / isI ke pariNAma svarUpa bAdazAha akabara ( dvitIya ) kI tarapha se inheM rAjA kI padavI pradAna kI gaI, aura gohada ke mahArAja kI tarapha se tara paragane meM eka jAgIra milii| isake bAda avadha ke navAba vajIra aura IsTa iNDiyA kampanI meM paraspara ke aneka vivAdagrasta viSayoM kA nibaTArA karane ke liye eka kamIzana lArDa kAule kI adhyakSatA meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #241
239 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti niyata huvA / isa kamIzana kA dIvAna pada rAya paTanImala ko milA, aura isakI saphalatA ke liye inhoMne bar3A kArya kiyaa| ___ isake bAda rAya paTanImala ne rAjakIya kArya chor3akara dhArmika jIvana bitAnA prArambha kiyA / inhoMne bahuta se mandira, kuMve, tAlAba Adi bnvaaye| haridvAra, mathurA, jvAlAmukhI, gayA Adi tIrtha sthAnoM meM aneka mahatvapUrNa sthAnoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA / ye sthAna rAjA paTanI mala ke sthira smAraka haiM, aura unake dharma prema ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiM / rAya paTanImala kI kRtiyoM ( Monuments ) meM sabase mahatvapUrNa mathurA kA zivatAla hai| yaha kaI lAkha rupayoM kI lAgata se banavAyA gayA thaa| isake mukhya dvAra para do zilAlekha saMskRta aura phArasI meM utkIrNa karAye gaye haiM / unase sUcita hotA hai, ki isa tAla kA nirmANa samvat 1864 ( san 1807 I0 ) kI jyeSTha zuklA dazamI zukravAra ke dina huvA thA / mathurA meM rAjA paTanImala ne anya aneka mandira bnvaaye| inameM acalezvara, dIrghaviSNu aura vIrabhadra ke mandira vizeSa rUpa se . ullekhanIya haiM / mathurA meM vaha makAna aba taka vidyamAna haiM, jahAM rAjA paTanImala nivAsa karate the| san 1829 meM rAjA paTanImala ne banArasa jile meM naubatapura ke pAsa karmanAzA nadI para patthara kA eka bahuta majabUta aura sundara bAMdha baMdhavAyA thaa| isase pUrva nAnA phaDanavIsa, rAnI ahilyAbAI Adi kaI mahAnubhAva isa bAMdha ko baMdhavAne kA prayatna kara cuke the, para unheM saphalatA nahIM prApta ho sakI thii| rAjA paTanImala isameM saphala huve, aura isake upalakSa meM IsTa iNDiyA kampanI kI tarapha se lArDa biliyama baiTiMka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #242
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa ne bhI unheM rAjA bahAdura kA khitAba pradAna kiyA / rAjA paTanImala ke bahuta se smAraka aba taka dillI, mathurA, banArasa Adi meM vidyamAna haiM / rAjA paTanImala ke putra rAya zrIkRSNa aura rAya rAmakRSNa huve / inake vaMzaja aMgrejoM kI nirantara sahAyatA karate rahe / san 1857 ke gadara ke samaya meM isa vaMza ke rAya nArAyaNa dAsa aura rAya narasiMha dAsa ne aMgrejoM kI madada kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki, isa kula kA vaibhava aba taka bhI akSuNNa rUpa se vidyamAna hai / ( banArasa aura mathurA ke DisTrikTa gejeTiyara tathA saire mukhtarIna bhAga tIna aura cAra ke AdhAra para ) dillI ke kucha pramukha agravAla kula ka lAlA rAjArAma mugala bAdazAha akabara ke samaya meM lAlA rAjArAma bar3e pratiSThita vyakti huve haiN| unheM mugala salatanata kI ora se isa kArya ke liye niyukta kiyA gayA thA, ki sahAranapura meM eka maNDI bnvaaveN| yaha kArya unhoMne bar3I saphalatA ke sAtha sampanna kiyaa| isake inAma ke rUpa meM unheM akabara kI tarapha se golarA meM eka jAgIra dI gaI / bAdazAha zAhajahAM ke samaya meM lAlA rAjArAma ke vaMzajoM ne bar3I unnati kii| unakA kArobAra bahuta bar3A aura mugala bAdazAhoM ke saMrakSaNa meM ve For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #243
241 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti nirantara unnati karate gye| jaba dillI para aMgrejoM kA adhikAra sthApita huvA, to lAlA rAjArAma ke vaMzajoM kA lenadena ( baikiMga ) kA kArabAra saba se bar3hA car3hA thA / isIliye 1825 meM lAlA zAligarAma ( jo usa samaya mukhiyA the ) ko briTiza sarakAra ne dillI meM sarakArI khajAJcI ke mahatvapUrNa pada para niyata kiyaa| sana 1857 meM gadara ke samaya meM lAlA zAligarAma ne sarakAra kI madada kii| isake liye unheM vajIrapura nAma kA grAma jAgIra meM milA / isakA bar3A bhAga aba taka bhI unake vaMzajoM ke pAsa hai| kha. topakhAnevAloM kA khAnadAna dillI meM eka agravAla parivAra hai, jise topakhAne vAlA kahA jAtA hai| isa parivAra kA yaha nAma isaliye par3A, ki inake eka pUrvaja dIvAna jayasiMha huve, jo mugala bAdazAha zAha Alama ke samaya meM topakhAne ke aphasara the / dIvAna jayasiMha ke bAda yaha pada unake vaMza meM vaMzakramAnugata rUpa se rhaa| Age calakara isa parivAra ke mukhiyA ko rAjA kA khitAba bhI mugaloM kI tarapha se pradAna kiyA gayA / san 1857 ke gadara ke samaya meM rAjA dInAnAtha mugaloM ke topakhAne ke aphasara the / gadara meM unhoMne aMgrejoM kA pakSa liyA, aura isIliye bRTiza sarakAra kI tarapha se unheM bahuta inAma diye gye| dIvAna jayasiMha agravAla tathA unake vaMzajoM kA mugaloM ke topakhAne kA aphasara honA sUcita karatA hai, ki madhyakAla meM agravAla loga sainika sevA se saMkoca na karate the, aura apanI yogyatA ke AdhAra para ve senA meM U~ce pada prApta kara sakate the / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #244
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 242 isa vaMza ke pUrvaja bhI U~ce rAjakIya padoM para kAma karate the / saba se pahale isa kula ke pUrvaja kAzmIra sTeTa meM dIvAna rhe| vahAM unakA bar3A prabhAva evaM sammAna thaa| kisI kAraNa vaza unheM kAzmIra chor3akara AnA pdd'aa| unhIM ke vaMza meM lAlA haTTIrAma jI hune / ve jIMda sTeTa meM dIvAna rahe / unake putra lAlA DUMgaramala jI aura lAlA narasiMha jI / huve / ina donoM bhAiyoM ne bhI jIMda sTeTa kI dIvAnI ke pada para kArya * kiyA | dIvAna narasiMha ke putra dIvAna jayasiMha the, jo pahale jIMda meM hI I nathe / phira ve dehalI A gaye aura zAha Alama ke zAsana meM topakhAne ke aphasara niyata huye / isI kAraNa isa khAnadAna kA nAma topakhAne vAlA par3A / ga. gur3avAloM kA khAnadAna dillI ke agravAla parivAroM meM gur3avAloM kA khAnadAna bhI bar3A prasiddha hai / isa khAnadAna kA prArambha usa samaya huvA thA, jaba san 1732 meM ahamadazAha abdAlI ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| dillI kI dazA usa samaya bar3I astavyasta thI / una dinoM isa parivAra ke mukhiyA lAlA rAdhA kizana the, jo bar3e pratApI aura pratibhAzAlI vyakti the / unhoMne usa samaya apane kArobAra ko bahuta bar3hAyA, aura unake kartRtva ke kAraNa hI aba taka yaha parivAra bahuta samRddha tathA pratiSThita hai 1 gha. lAlA harasukharAya mugala bAdazAha zAha Alama ke jamAne meM lAlA harasukharAya bar3e pratApI mahAnubhAva huve | unhoMne dillI meM apanA kArobAra khUba bar3hAyA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #245
madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti zAha Alama ke samaya kI avyavasthA ko dRSTi meM rakhate huve unhoMne bRTiza sarakAra kI madada kI, aura isase unakI unnati meM bar3I sahAyatA milii| dillI kA prasiddha jaina mandira lAlA harasukharAya kA hI banavAyA huvA hai / ise banAne meM ATha lAkha rupaye kharca huve the / lAlA harasukharAya kA lar3akA lAlA suganacanda thA / unheM lArDa leka dvArA tIna gAMva jAgIra meM mile the / san 1857 ke gadara ke samaya meM isa parivAra ke mukhiyA lAlA giradhArIlAla jI the / unhoMne gadara meM bRTiza sarakAra kA pakSa liyA thaa| isa parivAra ke utkarSa meM isase bar3I sahAyatA milii| noTa-inake atirikta dillI meM anya bhI aneka agravAla parivAra haiM, jinake purAne itihAsa ke sambandha meM kucha mahattvapUrNa bAteM jJAta hotI haiM / ina parivAroM kA utkarSa mugala kAla meM hI prArambha huvA thA, aura apane adhyavasAya va prayatna se inhoMne acchI unnati kI thii| kaI parivAra jinhoMne pichale yuga meM aMgrejoM kA pakSa na lekara mugaloM va marAThoM kA pakSa liyA, ve isa samaya prAyaH naSTa ho cuke haiM, unakA vaibhava bilkula kSINa ho gayA hai / isake viparIta, jina parivAroM ne aMgrejoM kA pakSa liyA , svAbhAvikarUpa se unakA vaibhava aba taka kAyama hai| dillI ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para bhI jo aneka agravAla parivAra isa samaya acchI samRddha dazA meM haiM, unhoMne pichale itihAsa meM aMgrejoM kA sAtha diyA thaa| kevala agravAloM ke viSaya meM hI nahIM, anya rAjapUta, khatrI, jATa, brAhmaNa Adi jAtiyoM ke samRddha kuloM ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #246
agravAla mAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 244 dillI ke agravAloM meM lAlA sItArAma kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai / ye pichale mugala yuga meM bar3e pratApI puruSa huve, aura mugala bAdazAhata meM khajAnacI ke pada para adhiSThita the| dillI kA vartamAna sItArAma bAjAra inhIM kI jItI jAgatI smRti hai| ( dillI DisTrikTa gajeTiyara ke AdhAra para ) (4) rAjA ratanacanda hama isa itihAsa ke aneka adhyAyoM meM rAjA ratanacanda kA jikra kara cuke haiN| hamane yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai, ki rAjAzAhI agravAloM kI pRthak birAdarI inhIM rAjA ratanacanda dvArA bnii| ye rAjA ratanacanda kauna the, aura itihAsa meM inakA kyA sthAna hai, isa viSaya para prakAza DAlane kI AvazyakatA hai / mugala bAdazAhata ke patana ke yuga meM bAdazAha jahAMdArazAha ( sana 1712 ) ke viruddha jaba pharrukhasiyara ne vidroha kA jhaNDA khar3A kiyA, to usakA sAtha dene vAloM meM mujaphpharanagara ( yU0 pI0 ) jile ke saiyada bandhu pramukha the / isa kAla ke itihAsa meM ina saiyada bandhuoM-- saiyada abdullAkhAM aura saiyada husaina alIkhAM-kA bar3A mahatva hai| jahAMdArazAha ko parAsta kara pharrukhasiyara svayaM bAdazAha bana gayA, aura usake sAtha hI saiyada bandhuoM kI bar3I unnati huii| dhIre dhIre ve mugala bAdazAhata ke kartA dhartA bana gye| ve mugala bAdazAhata ko apane izAre para nacAte the / jise cAhate the, rAjagaddI para biThAte the, jise cAhate the, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #247
245 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti gaddI se utAra kara dhUla meM milA dete the / isIliye itihAsa meM unheM rAjAoM kA bhAgya vidhAtA ( King maker ) kahA gayA hai / rAjA ratanacanda mujaphpharanagara jile meM jAnasaTha ke nivAsI the 1 saiyada bandhu bhI vahIM ke rahane vAle the / ratanacanda kI saiyadoM ke sAtha bar3I mitratA thI ve use bahuta mAnate the / saMyada bandhuoM kI unnati ke sAtha sAtha rAjA ratanacanda kI bhI unnati hotI gaI, aura samaya meM vaha mugala bAdazAhata ke bhAgya vidhAtAoM meM ho gayA / 1 kucha hI pharukhasiyara ne apanA pradhAnamantrI ( vajIra ) kutuba-ula-mulka saiyada abdullA khAM ko banAyA thA / vajIra svayaM to bhoga vilAsa meM masta rahatA thA, rAjyakArya kI use koI cintA na thI / sArA rAjyakArya rAjA ratanacanda ke adhIna thA / use mugala bAdazAha kI tarapha se rAjA kA khitAba milA thA, aura sAtha hI darabAra meM do hajArI kA darjA diyA gayA thA / kutuba-ula-mulka kI gaphalata kA pariNAma yaha huvA, ki usake pratispardhI mIrajumalA kI zakti darabAra meM bar3hane lagI / ratanacanda isase bahuta cintita huvA, aura usane mIrajumalA ke mukAbale meM kutubaula-mulka kI haisiyata tathA adhikAroM kI rakSA ke liye bar3A prayatna kiyA / kutuba-ula-mulka saiyada abdullA khAM aura mugala bAdazAhata para usakA kitanA prabhAva thA, isakA anumAna nimna likhita ghaTanAoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1 sikkhoM ke netA vairAgI bandA kI giraphtArI ke bAda mugala bAdazAhata kI ora se sikkhoM para ghora atyAcAra ho rahe the / pratidina saikar3oM kI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #248
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 246 saMkhyA meM sikkha loga katala kiye jAte the / isa bAta ke udAharaNa maujUda haiM, ki rAjA ratanacanda ne isake viruddha prayatna kiyA aura vajIra abdullA khAM para usakA jo prabhAva thA, use istemAla kara aneka sikkhoM kI rihAI kA hukma prApta kiyA / pharukhasiyara ke jamAne meM hinduoM ke Upara jajiyA kara phira se lagA diyA gayA thA / isakA pradhAna kAraNa inAyatullA khAM kI nIti thI, jo saiyadoM kA virodhI thA / hinduoM para jajiyA kara lagane se rAjA ratanacanda bahuta asantuSTa huvA / vaha nirantara isake viruddha yatna karatA rahA, aura anta meM use saphalatA prApta huI / san 1799 meM pharukhasiyara ke patana ke bAda jaba raphI uddarajAta mugala bAdazAha banA, to rAjA ratanacanda ke prayatna se jajiyA kara haTA diyA gayA / rAjA ratanacanda ke prabhAva ke sambandha meM eka kahAnI bar3I manoraJjaka | eka bAra kI bAta hai, ki rAjA ratanacanda kisI AdamI ko saiyada abdullA khAM ke pAsa lAyA, aura use kAjI ke pada para niyukta karane kI siphAriza kI / isa para abdullA khAM ne pAsa khar3e huve eka AdamI se haMsate huve kahA - "aba ratanacanda kAjiyoM ko bhI nAmajada karane laga - gayA hai / " isa para eka darabArI ne uttara diyA- " isa duniyA meM ratana canda jo kucha cAhatA hai, use milA huvA hai| aba use dUsarI duniyA kI phikra bhI karanI hI cAhiye / " eka daphe zekha abdula ajIja ke lar3ake phakaruddIna khAM ne saiyada abdullA khAM se bAtacIta meM kahA thA"Ajakala, tumhArI meharbAnI se ratanacanda kI vahI ha~siyata hai, jo kisI samaya hemU baniye kI thI / " For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #249
247 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti mugala zAsana meM ratanacanda kA prabhAva itanA bar3hA huvA thA, ki vaha jise cAhe sarakArI pada para niyukta hone se roka sakatA thaa| mIra jumalA tarakhAna nAmaka eka zaktizAlI saradAra kI niyukti sadara-usasudUra ke UMce pada para kI jArahI thii| rAjA ratanacanda ne isakA virodha kiyA / mIra jumalA ne haz2Ara koziza kI, sAdata khAM jaise ucca padAdhikArI se siphAriza kraaii| para ratanacanda ke virodha meM hone ke kAraNa usakI eka na calI / vaha sadara-usa-sudUra ke pada para niyata nahIM ho skaa| rAjA ratanacanda ne mugala zAsana meM aneka bar3e parivartana kiye / usase pahale bar3e rAjapadAdhikAriyoM ko nizcita vetana milatA thA, aura ve vetana pAkara rAjya kA kArya karate the / para ratanacanda ne yaha tarIkA zurU kiyA, ki rAjakIya AmadanI vasUla karane kA kAma Theke para diyA jAya / jo AdamI saba se adhika AmadanI karane kA vAyadA kare, use hI vaha kArya sauMpA jAya / yaha tarIkA kahAM taka acchA hai, isa para vicAra karane kI yahAM AvazyakatA nhiiN| para mugala zAsana meM itanA bhArI parivartana ratanacanda dvArA huvA, aura yaha usake prabhAva kA bar3A acchA pramANa hai| saiyada bandhuoM kA rAjA ratanacanda saJcA mitra thaa| pharukhasiyara ke zAsana kAla meM jaba saiyada husenaalI khAM ke viruddha SaDyantra zurU huve, to unase saiyadoM ko sAvadhAna karane meM usane bar3A kArya kiyaa| saiyada bandhuoM meM jo paraspara mitratA banI rahI, aura ve Apasa meM nahIM lar3a For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #250
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 248 baiThe--isameM bhI ratanacanda kA bar3A kartRtva thaa| saiyada bandhutroM meM aneka bAra lar3AI ke avasara upasthita huve, para ratanacanda ne unameM phUTa nahIM hone dI / saiyada vandhuoM ke sUtra kA saMcAlana karane vAlA ratanacanda hI thA / vaha unakA apanA dIvAna thA, aura isI pada para raha kara usane kucha samaya ke liye mugala bAdazAhata kA saMcAlana kiyA thaa| san 1820 meM bAdazAha muhammadazAha ke zAsana kAla meM ilAhAbAda ke sUbedAra rAjA giradhara bahAdura ne vidroha kiyA / yaha vidroha bar3A vikaTa rUpa dhAraNa karatA jAtA thA, aura AsapAsa ke bahuta se mugala padAdhikArI rAjA giradhara ke pakSa meM hote jAte the / isakA upAya karane ke liye rAjA ratanacanda ko bhejA gyaa| ratanacanda ne eka bar3I senA ko sAtha lekara ilAhAbAda ke liye prasthAna kiyaa| usake sAtha aneka prasiddha mugala senApati bhI the, jinameM muhammada khAM baMgaza aura haidaraalI khAM mukhya haiM / ye isa AkramaNa meM ratanacanda ke AdhIna kArya kara rahe the| ratanacanda apanI nIti kuzalatA se rAjA giradhara ko vaza meM lAne meM samartha huvA / use ilAhAbAda se haTAkara avadha kA sUbedAra niyata kiyA gayA, aura rAjA giradhara ratanacanda ke prayatna se mugala bAdazAhata kA pakSapAtI ho gyaa| isa saphalatA ke upalakSa meM ratanacanda kA AgarA meM bar3I dhUmadhAma se svAgata huvA / use do hajArI ke sthAna para pAMca hajArI kA darjA diyA gayA, aura vaha mugala darabAra ke saba se pramukha padAdhikAriyoM meM ginA jAne lgaa| use inAma ke taura para bahuta se bahumUlya upahAra bhI diye gye| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #251
249 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti bAdazAha muhammadazAha ke zAsanakAla meM hI saiyada bandhuoM kA patana huvA / kisa prakAra saiyadoM kI zakti kSINa huI, aura unake zatru prabala hogaye- isakA vRttAnta likhane kI yahAM koI AvazyakatA nahIM / saiyadoM ke patana ke sAtha ratanacanda kA bhI patana huvA / naye vaz2Ira muhammada amIna khAM kI AjJA se use giraphtAra kiyA gayA aura prANa daNDa milA / ratanacanda ne anta taka saiyadoM kA sAtha nahIM chodd'aa| saiyadoM ke khaz2Ane kA patA lagAne ke liye use aneka kaSTa diye gaye, para vaha kisI bhI taraha khajAne kA patA batAne ke liye taiyAra na huvaa| ___ isameM sandeha nahIM, ki mug2ala bAdazAhata ke kAla meM jina hinduoM ne ucca pada prApta kiye, unameM ratanacanda agravAla kA sthAna bahuta UMcA hai| phakaruddIna khAM ne usakI tulanA.jo hemU ke sAtha kI thI, vaha ThIka hI hai / (William Irvine ke Later Mughals ke AdhAra para ) lAlA amIcanda IsTa inDiyA kampanI ne jaba baMgAla meM apanI zakti kA vistAra zurU kiyA, to jina bhAratIyoM ne use sahAyatA dI, unameM lAlA amIcanda kA nAma atyanta prasiddha hai| lAlA amIcanda ke pUrvaja dillI ke rahane vAle the, aura mugala bAdazAhata se inakA ghaniSTa sambandha thaa| aba se karIba tIna sau varSa pUrva isa parivAra meM rAya bAlakRSNa nAmaka eka bar3e prasiddha puruSa huve the / rAya bAlakRSNa ke putra lakSmIrAya aura unake putra giradhArIlAla huve / san 1938 meM jaba bAdazAha zAhajahAM ke putra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #252
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 250 zAhazujA baMgAla ke sUbedAra hokara baMgAla Aye, to yaha parivAra bhI una ke sAtha baMgAla AyA aura vahIM basa gayA jaba baMgAla ke navAboM kI rAjadhAnI rAjamahala se haTa kara murzidAbAda calI gaI, taba yaha parivAra bhI murzidAbAda jA basA / ina donoM sthAnoM para isa parivAra ke vizAla khaNDahara aba taka vidyamAna haiM / isa parivAra meM saba se prasiddha vyakti lAlA amIcanda huve | jaba baMgAla meM aMgrejoM kA prabhutva phailane lagA, to unhoMne aMgrejoM kI sahAyatA kI, aura baMgAla kI navAbI naSTa karane meM yoga diyA / aMgreja loga jo baMgAla para apanA kabjA kara sake, usameM lAlA amIcanda kA bhI bar3A hAtha thA / aThArahavIM sadI ke zurU meM kalakattA kI sthApanA huI thI / lAlA amIcanda, jo atyanta catura aura cANAkSa vyApArI the, naye aMgreja vyApAriyoM ke sAtha vyApAra karane se adhika lAbha kI sambhAvanA dekha kara kalakatte A base the / inhoMne kalakatte meM bar3e bar3e rAjamahala banavAye / 'inakI aneka prakAra se susajita vizAla rAjapurI, puSpa vRkSAdi se suzobhita vikhyAta udyAna, maNimANikyAdi se paripUrNa rAja bhaNDAra, sazastra sainikoM se bharA huvA siMhadvAra tathA aneka vibhAga ke asaMkhya sainikoM kI bhIr3a dekhakara loga inheM kevala vyApArI mahAjana na samajha kara rAjA mAnane lage the / ' inakA sammAna itanA thA, ki inake nau putroM meM se tIna ko rAjA kI aura eka ko rAyabahAdura kI padavI milI thI / aMgreja loga baMgAla se aparicita the, ataH usameM Antarika vyApAra bar3hAne ke liye, amIcanda para hI unhoMne pahale pahala vizvAsa kiyA aura inhIM ke sahayoga se gAMva gAMva meM dAdanI ( agAU) bAMTa kara kapAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #253
251 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti aura kapar3e kraya karate the / nabAba ke daravAra meM bhI amIcanda kA mAna thA, aura aMgrejoM ko inhIM ke dvArA navAba se likhApar3hI karane meM vizeSa subidhA hotI thI / yaha kAla baMgAla ke itihAsa meM uthala puthala, krAnti aura rAjaparivartana kA kAla thA / saba ora azAnti macI huI thI / SaDyantra, hatyA, kapaTa, vizvAsaghAta Adi ke dRzya una dinoM bilakula mAmUlI bAta thI / lAlA amIcanda bhI isa cakra se na baca sake / aMgrejoM ke sAtha unakA sambandha sadA maitrI aura sadbhAvanA kA nahIM rahA / yadyapi aMgrejoM ke sAtha unakA bAharI mela thA, para bhItara hI bhItara unameM paraspara cir3ha tathA virodha kA bhAva bar3ha rahA thA / baMgAla ke naye nabAba sirAjuddaulA kA aMgrejoM se virodha thA / usane kina kAraNoM se aMgrejoM ke viruddha yuddha kI ThAnI aura kalakattA para AkramaNa kiyA, isa para yahAM vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / para aMgrejoM ne samajhA, ki lAlA amIcanda sirAjuddaulA se mile huve haiM, aura usake AkramaNa meM unakA bhI hAtha hai / aMgrejoM ne amIcanda ko giraphtAra kara liyA aura usake makAna para AkramaNa kiyA / amIcanda ke pAsa apanI bahuta sI aGgarakSaka senA thI, usane aMgrejoM kA bar3I vIratA ke sAtha mukAbalA kiyA / isa senA kA mukhiyA jagannAthasiMha thA / jaba usane dekhA ki amIcanda ke sainika saba eka eka karake mAre jA rahe haiM, aura IsTa iNDiyA kampanI ke sipAhI antaHpura meM praviSTa huvA cAhate haiM, to usakA rakta khaula uThA / 'usake svAmI ke pavitra kula kI kula badhuoM para parapuruSa kI chAyA par3e aura unake niSkalaMka zarIra yavanoM ke sparza se kalaMkita , For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #254
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 252 hoM, aisA vicAra hI usa svAmI bhakta kSatriya vIra ke lie asahya ho uThA / usane yaha jhaTa nizcaya kara liyA ki vaha usa aMtaHpura tathA una aMtaHpura nivAsiyoM hI ko na rahane degaa| usane turanta prAcIna hindU gaurava nIti ke anusAra eka bar3I citA jalA dI, aura svAmI ke parivAra kI taraha kulabadhuoM ke siroM ko dhar3oM se alaga kara citA meM DAla diyA / anukUla vAyu pAkara citA bhabhaka uThI aura siMhadvAra taka kA bhavana agni kI lapaTa meM bhasma ho gayA / ' udhara navAba sirAjuddaulA ko kalakattA ke AkramaNa meM saphalatA huii| navAbI senA ne kalakattA ko jItakara apane adhikAra meM kara liyaa| aMgreja saba pakar3e gaye / navAba ke darabAra meM lAlA amIcanda bhI hAjira kiye gaye / navAba ne unase AdarapUrNa vyavahAra kiyaa| isake anantara vaha ghaTanA ghaTI, jo 'kAla koTharI' ke nAma se itihAsa meM prasiddha hai| isa kahAnI ko pahale pahala kahane vAle haulavela ne amIcanda para hI yaha doSa lagAyA thA, ki inhIMne aMgrejoM dvArA apane para kiye gaye nirdaya vyavahAra kA badalA lene ke liye rAjA mAnikacanda se kaha kara aMgrejoM kI yaha durgati karAI thii| parantu ina bhayaMkara durghaTanAoM ke bAda bhI seTha amIcanda aura aMgrejoM kI mitratA kA anta nahIM huvA / jaba lArDa klAiva ne sirAjuddaulA ke khilApha 900 gore aura 1500 dezI sipAhI lekara AkramaNa kI taiyArI kI, to lAlA amIcanda ne eka patra meM unheM likhA--"maiM jaisA sadA se thA, vaisA hI aMgrejoM kA bhalA cAhane vAlA aba bhI huuN| Apa loga rAjA ballabha, rAjA mAnikacanda, jagata seTha Adi jinase bhI patra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #255
253 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti vyavahAra karanA cAheM, usakI vyavasthA maiM karavA sakatA huuN|" sirAjuddaulA ke zAsana se usake bahuta se padAdhikArI asaMtuSTa the| unheM aMgrejoM ke pakSa meM karane liye amIcanda ne bar3A prayatna kiyA / mAnikacanda, rAya durlabha, mahatAbarAya, svarUpacanda, mIra jAphara Adi pradhAna saradAra gaNa isa SaDyantra meM zAmila huve, aura unhoMne lArDa klAiva se milakara yaha taya kiyA, ki sirAjuddaulA ko rAjagaddI se utAra kara mIrajAphara ko navAba banAyA jAve / mIrajAphara ke navAba banane para kisako kitanA baMgAla ke khajAne se diyA jAya, yaha bhI nizcita kara liyA gayA / mAnika rAya, rAya durlabha zrAdi saradAra amIcanda se dvaSa rakhate the| unakI icchA thI, ki isa SaDyantra se use koI lAbha na hove / isI liye lArDa klAiva se milakara unhoMne do sandhipatra taiyAra karAye / eka lAla kAgaja para aura dUsarA sapheda kAgaja para / asalI sandhipatra sapheda kAgaja para thaa| isa meM amIcanda ko rupayA milane kI bAta nahIM likhI gaI / para lAla kAgaja ke nakalI sandhipatra meM amIcanda ko 30 lAkha rupayA dene kI bAta likhI gaI / amIcanda ko aMgrejoM kI satya priyatA para itanA vizvAsa thA, ki unheM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM huvaa| amIcanda kI madada se aMgreja sirojuddaulA ko rAjagaddI se cyuta kara mIra jAphara ko baMgAla kA navAba banAne meM saphala huve| mIrajAphara ke navAba banane para jaba lUTa kA mAla Sar3ayantrakAriyoM meM bAMTA gayA, taba amIcanda ko kucha bhI na milaa| usa samaya unheM jAlI sandhi-patra kI bAta mAlUma huii| isase unheM bar3A dhakkA lagA, unakA antima jIvana bar3e duHkha aura nirAzA meM vyatIta huvA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #256
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 254 itihAsa meM lAlA amIcanda ke caritra ko bar3A kaluSita pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai / yaha ThIka bhI hai, para yadi usa kAla ke pramukha vyaktiyoM ke jIvana para dRSTi DAlI jAya, to par3ayantra, kapaTa Adi bilakula sAdhAraNa bAteM pratIta hotI haiN| lArDa klAiba, sirAjuddaulA Adi isa kAla ke sabhI pramukha manuSya isa prakAra kI dhokhebAjI aura SaDyantroM ko bilkula sAmAnya bAta samajhate the, aura svayaM inakA prayoga karate the| amIcanda isI zreNi ke manuSya the / samaya ko dekhate huve unheM eka atyanta prabhAvazAlI,kuzala aura cANAkSa nItijJa puruSa hI kahanA hogaa| jisa samaya meM ve huve, apanI zaktiyoM kA upayoga ve isI DhaMga se kara ske| lAlA amIcanda kI mRtyu san 1758 meM huii| unake putra phatehacanda the / unakA vivAha kAzI ke eka atyanta prasiddha nagara seTha gokulacanda jI kI kanyA se huvA thA / seTha gokulacanda ke pUrvaja ne anya nagara seThoM tathA saradAroM kA sAtha dekara kAzI ke vartamAna rAjavaMza ko yaha rAjya dilAne meM bahuta udyoga kiyA thA, isI kAraNa ve isa rAjya ke mahAjana niyukta huve the aura unheM pratiSThApUrNa nau-pati kI padavI pradAna kI gaI thii| lAlA amIcanda ke dehAnta ke pazcAt udAsIna hokara zrI phatehacanda apane sasurAla meM banArasa A gaye / inake sasura kI dUsarI santAna nahIM thI, ata: zrI phatehacanda jI hI unake uttarAdhikArI huve / isa samaya se lAlA amIcanda ke vaMzaja kAzI meM hI rahane lage / Age calakara isI kula meM bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra kA janma huvaa| bhAratendu harizcandra kA yahAM paricaya dene kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / ve vartamAna hindI sAhitya ke janmadAtA haiN| hindI saMsAra meM unakA For Private and Personal Use Only

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255 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti sthAna advitIya hai / agravAla jAti ko yaha saubhAgya prApta hai, ki usameM bhAratendu jaise pratibhAzAlI kavi aura lekhaka utpanna hue| yadi lAlA amIcanda se bhArata kA kucha apakAra huvA, to usakI. kSatipUrti unake vaMzaja bhAratendu harizcandra ne pUrNatayA kara dI hai| isa kula kA sampUrNa kalaMka bhAratendu jI ne dho diyA hai| ( zrIyut bajaratnadAsa kRta bhAratendu harizcandra ke AdhAra para) caudharI cokharAja meraTha meM vartamAna samaya meM kAnUnago nAma kA eka agravAla parivAra hai, jo atyanta pratiSThita aura samRddha hai| lagabhaga 300 varSa se isa parivAra kA silasile bAra itihAsa upalabdha hotA hai / isa kAla ke pUrva puruSa lAlA cokharAja jI caudharI the / inakI mugala bAdazAha auraGgajeba ke darabAra meM bar3I pratiSThA thI / inakI pratibhA aura yogyatA se prasanna hokara auraGgajeba ne inheM kAnUnago kA khitAba diyA thA, aura isake liye san 1658 meM eka zAhI pharamAna inAyata kiyA thaa| caudharI cokharAja ke eka pUrvaja ko bhI bAdazAha jahAMgIra dvArA jabtula anAmila kA khitAba prApta huA thaa| auraGgajeba ke pazcAta bhI isa parivAra kA mugala darabAra se sambandha banA rhaa| caudharI lekharAja ke kaI pIr3hiyoM bAda lAlA dalapata rAya jI hue| inakI bAdazAha zAha Alama ke darabAra meM bar3I pratiSThA thii| inakI sevAoM se prasanna hokara zAha Alama ne san 1776 meM eka zAhI pharamAna jArI kiyA, jisameM ki aoraGgajeba ke samaya For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa meM mile huve kAnUnago ke khitAba kA anumodana kiyA gayA, aura use unake vaMza meM sthira kara diyA gyaa| ___ isI kula se agravAloM ke una prasiddha parivAroM kA udbhava huvA hai, jo meraTha meM Ajakala kAnUnago, pattharavAlA, lAlAvAlA aura bAMkerAya vAlA Adi nAmoM se jAne jAte haiM / ( zrI. candrarAja bhaNDArI kRta agravAla jAti kA itihAsa ke aAdhAra para) zAha govinda canda zAha gobindacanda ke pUrvaja lAlA bhavAnIdAsa aura lAlA tArAvaMda the, jo dehalI meM vyApAra karate the| jaba nAdirazAha ne dillI para AkramaNa kara use lUTA, to inheM bhI bahuta nukasAna pahu~cA, aura inakI sampatti nAdirazAha ke hAtha lgii| isake bAda isa kula ke loga pharrukhAbAda Aye aura vahAM apanI bigar3I huI sthiti ko phira sNbhaalaa| pIche se isa parivAra ke lAlA rAmalAla pharrukhAbAda se lakhanaU cale gaye aura vahAM ke nabAboM ke darabAra meM unhoMne bar3I pratiSThA prApta kii| ___ isa kAla ke saba se prasiddha puruSa gobindarAma huve / ye avadha ke darabAra meM sTeTa jyUelara niyata kiye gaye / avadha kA suprasiddha mayUra siMhAsana inhIM ke dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| inake kArya se prasanna hokara navAba ne inheM khillata aura zAha kA khitAba pradAna kiyaa| yaha khitAba inake kula meM vaMza paramparAgata rUpa se aba taka calA AtA hai / (zrI candrarAja bhaNDArI ke agravAla itihAsa ke AdhAra para ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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257 madhyakAla meM agravAla jAti (8) nazIpura kA rAjavaMza baMgAla prAnta meM nazIpura eka pratiSThita riyAsata hai, jisake rAjA agravAla jAti ke haiM / isa rAjavaMza ke mUla saMsthApaka mahArAjA devIsiMha the / inake pUrvaja mahArAjA taravA bIjApura ke rAjA the| isa kula meM aneka aise pratibhAzAlI aura yogya vyakti huve, ki unheM dehalI ke mugala bAdazAhoM ne bar3e jimmevArI ke padoM para niyata kiyaa| inameM se eka bAbU zambhUnAtha mugala kAla meM sahAranapura se lekara meraTha taka ke sAre ilAke ke nAjima rahe / eka anya vyakti bAbU badrIdAsa bar3e vIra tathA sAhasI the| unhoMne zAmalI kI lar3AI meM karnala varna kA vIratApUrvaka sAtha diyA, aura IsTa iNDiyA kampanI se bIsa hajAra rupayA mAsika vetana prApta kiyaa| ___ isI kAla ke mahArAjA devIsiMha ne plAsI ke yuddha ke samaya lArDa klAiva kI bar3I sahAyatA kii| baMgAla para aMgrejoM kA kabjA ho jAne para inheM pUrva baMgAla tathA ur3IsA kI dIvAnI kA pada diyA gayA / lArDa kArnavAlisa ne inheM 'mahArAjA bahAdura' kI upAdhi pradAna kii| isa kula ke anya loga bhI isI prakAra aMgrejI zAsana meM U~ce U~ce padoM para niyata rahe / isa samaya isa kula kI ginatI baMgAla ke agragaNya kuloM meM kI jAtI hai| (candrarAja bhaNDArI ke agravAla-itihAsa ke AdhAra para ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #260
chaTA pariziSTa phuTakara TippaNiyAM (1) "agravAla" zabda agravAla zabda kA kyA abhiprAya hai, aura isa nAma kA udbhava kisa prakAra huvA, isa viSaya para matabheda hai| hama pahale pradarzita kara cuke haiM, ki isa zabda kA sambandha rAjA agrasena ke sAtha meM hai, jisane ki agarohA kI sthApanA kI thii| jisa prakAra usake nAma se agarohA zahara kA nAma par3A, isI taraha usakA vaMza agravaMza yA agravAla khaayaa| para isa vyAkhyA ke atirikta anya bhI kaI mata pracalita haiN| kaI logoM kA vicAra hai, ki agravAla loga pahale agara (saMskRta zragarU) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #261
phuTakara TippaNiyAM nAma ke sugandhita kASTha kA vyApAra karate the, isIliye ve agaravAla yA agravAla kahAye / para isa bAta kA koI pramANa nahIM hai, ki agravAloM meM agara kA vyApAra kabhI vizeSa rUpa se rahA hai| isa samaya to unakA agara ke vyApAra se koI bhI khAsa sambandha nahIM hai| ___eka anya mata yaha hai, ki prAcIna samaya meM kAzmIra meM agnihotrI brAhmaNoM ke bahuta se ghara the / yajJa ke liye agara kI AvazyakatA hotI thI, aura isa sugandhita kASTha ko yajJArtha dene kA kArya vaizyoM kI eka vizeSa jAti karatI thI, jo isI kAraNa agaravAla kahAtI thii| jaba sikandara ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA, to usane kAzmIra ke agnihotrI brAhmaNoM ke yajJa kuNDa naSTa kara diye, aura agaravAla vaizya kAzmIra choDa kara AgarA ke AsapAsa ke pradeza meM cale aaye| isa mata meM kaI kaThinAiyAM haiM / prathama agravAloM kA kAzmIra se kabhI koI sambandha rahA ho, isa kA koI pramANa nahIM / yaha ThIka hai, ki rAjA agrasena kA pUrvaja rAjA dhanapAla pratApanagara kA rAjA thA, aura kalhaNa kI rAjataraGgiNI ke anusAra pratApanagara nAma kA eka nagara kAzmIra meM vidyamAna thA / kAzmIra ke pratApanagara ke atirikta isa nAma ke kisI anya nagara kA ullekha prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| isaliye yaha vicAra avazya saMbhava ho sakatA hai, ki zAyada dhanapAla kA rAjya kAzmIra meM hI ho / para jisa anuzruti ke anusAra dhanapAla pratApanagara kA rAjA thA, vahI use dakSiNa kI ora ke kisI pradeza kA rAjA batAtI hai| isaliye dhanapAla vAle pratApanagara ko kAzmIra meM kahIM mAnanA bahuta yuktisaMgata nahIM jNctaa| vaha to rAjapUtAnA meM hI honA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #262
260 agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa cAhiye / dUsarI bAta yaha hai, ki sikandara ne apane bhAratIya AkramaNa meM kAzmIra para hamalA nahIM kiyA thaa| isaliye jo mata sikandara ke kAzmIra meM jAkara yajJa kuNDoM ko dhvaMsa karane kI bAta kahatA hai, usako prAmANikatA meM sandeha honA svAbhAvika hI hai| agravAla zabda para vicAra karate huve hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, ki anya bhI bahuta sI jAtiyoM ke nAma ke pIche 'vAla' zabda kA pratyaya pAtA hai| udAharaNArtha, zrosavAla, khaNDelavAla, varNavAla, pAlIvAla Adi vividha jAtiyoM ke nAma haiN| osavAloM meM yaha anuzruti hai, ki unakA prAdurbhAva mAravAr3a ke antargata prosanagara ke eka rAjA se huvA hai / zrosavAla isIliye kahAte haiM, kyoMki unakA zrosanagara yA ausitA ke sAtha sambandha hai / khaNDelavAloM kI utpatti jayapura rAjya ke khaNDelanagara se huI hai| varNavAloM kA nAma yaha isaliye par3A, kyoMki unakA prAdurbhAva varNa nAma ke rAjA se huvA, to rAjA samAdhi ke vaMza meM thaa| pAlIvAloM kA jodhapura ke pallInagara ke sAtha sambandha hai| 'vAla' pratyaya hindI kA hai, aura isakA artha 'kA' hai| yaha pratyaya sambandhavAcaka hai / agravAloM kA yaha nAma isaliye par3A, kyoMki ve 'agra' ke haiM, unakA 'agra' ke sAtha sambandha hai| agravAla aura Agreya-donoM kA bilakula eka hI abhiprAya hai / Agreya saMskRta zabda hai, aura agravAla hindI / donoM kA artha bilakula eka hI hai| jisa rAjA agrasena ke nAma se Agreya rAjya sthApita huvA, agarohA zahara kA nAma par3A, usI se usa rAjya ke kulIna loga ( jinakA aura rAjA agrasena kA eka hI kula va abhijana thA ) Agreya, agravaMzI yA agravAla khaaye| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 261 www.kobatirth.org phuTakara TippaNiyAM ( 2 ) gUgA pIra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir agravAla jAti kA gUgA pIra ke sAtha vizeSa sambandha hai / prAyaH sabhI prAntoM ke agravAla gUgA ko mAnate haiM, aura bhAdrapada ke mahIne meM jaba gUgA kA melA lagatA hai, to usameM bar3e utsAha ke sAtha zAmila hote haiM / jo loga isa avasara para gUgA kI samAdha para pUjA karane ke liye jA sakate haiM, ve vahAM jAte haiM / jo samAdha para lage mele meM zAmila nahIM ho sakate, ve apane yahAM hI gUgA kA sammAna karate haiN| gUgA kI pUjA ke tarIke saba sthAnoM para alaga alaga haiN| madhya prAnta ke nImAra nAmaka sthAna para gUgA kI pUjA ke liye tIsa hAtha lambA eka DaNDA lekara isa para kapar3e aura nAriyala bAMdhe jAte haiN| zrAvaNa bhAdrapada meM prAyaH pratidina bhaMgI loga isa DaNDe kA jalUsa zahara meM nikAlate haiN| loga usake sammukha nAriyala bheMTa karate haiM / aneka agravAla usakI pUjA ke liye sindUra Adi bhI dete haiM / kucha use apane ghara para vizeSa rUpa se nimantrita karate haiM, aura rAta bhara apane pAsa rakhate haiN| subaha hone para aneka bheMTa upahAra ke sAtha use vidA dI jAtI hai / saMyuktaprAnta, bihAra, paMjAba Adi meM bhI gUgA kI pUjA ke liye isase milatI julatI paddhati pracalita hai / yaha gUgA kauna thA ? isa sambandha meM bahuta sI kimvadantiyAM pracalita haiM / eka kimvadantI ke anusAra usake pitA kA nAma vaccA thA jAti se cauhAna rAjapUta thA / kucha kA khyAla hai, ki usake pitA kA nAma vacA nahIM, apitu jevara thA / pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda vaha svayaM rAjA banA / usakA rAjya hAMsI se garA taka vistRta thA / usakI vacA For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 262 rAjadhAnI maherA thI, jo garrA nadI ke taTa para sthita thii| kahate haiM, ki eka jhagar3e meM gUgA ne apane do bhAiyoM ko katala kara diyaa| isase usakI mAtA bar3I kruddha huI / mAtA ke krodha se bacane ke liye vaha jaMgala meM bhAga gyaa| vahAM usane cAhA, ki jamIna phaTa jAve, tAki vaha usameM samA jAve / para isI bIca meM AkAza vANI huI--'jaba tuma kalamA par3hakara musalamAna ho jAoge, tabhI tumhArI icchA pUrNa hogii|' gUgA kalamA par3hakara musalamAna ho gyaa| usake kalamA par3hate hI jamIna phaTa gaI, aura vaha usameM samA gyaa| kucha kI sammati meM gUgA pRthivIrAja kA samakAlIna thaa| jaba muhammada gaurI ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiye, to usane usakA vIratA pUrvaka sAmanA kiyaa| para paMjAba meM pracalita gItoM ke anusAra use mahamUda gajanavI kA samakAlIna mAnanA adhika upayukta hogaa| ina gItoM meM bar3e vistAra ke sAtha yaha gAyA jAtA hai, ki kisa taraha gUgA apane paiMtAlIsa lar3akoM aura sATha bhatIjoM ke sAya mahamUda gajanavI se lar3ate huve yuddha meM mArA gayA / yaha yuddha garrA nadI ke taTa para huvA thaa| vahIM para gUgA kI samAdha bhI pAI jAtI hai| yaha samAdha hisAra ke dakSiNa pazcima meM dadarerA nAmaka sthAna se bIsa mIla kI dUrI para sthita hai| yahIM para gUgA kI pUjA ke liye bhAdrapada mAsa meM melA lagatA hai| dUra dUra se loga ikaTThe hote haiM / agravAla loga gUgA ko bahuta mAnate haiM, isaliye ve vizeSa utsAha se isa mele meM sammilita hote haiN| gUgA hindU aura musalamAna-donoM ke liye samAna rUpa se pUjya hai / bhArata meM aise devI devatA bahuta kama haiM, jinheM hindU aura musalamAna For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #265
263 phuTakara TippaNiyAM donoM mAnate hoM / gUgA inameM mukhya hai / hindU use nAgarAja kA avatAra mAna kara usakI pUjA karate haiM, aura musalamAna jAhira pIra samajhakara use mAnate haiM / itihAsa meM gUgA kA kyA sthAna hai-yaha nizcita kara sakanA bahuta kaThina hai, usase sambaddha kimbadantiyAM eka dUsare se bahuta hI bhinna haiM / para agravAloM meM jo usakA itanA adhika sammAna hai, usake do kAraNa ho sakate haiM / pahalA yaha, ki agravAloM meM nAga pUjA pracalita hai| nAgoM kA agravAloM ke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha hai| nAga pUjA kI paramparA madhyakAla meM aneka bhinna dhArAoM meM pracalita huii| inameM se eka lokapriya dhArA gUgA kI pUjA ke rUpa meM hai| sambhavataH, 'gUgA kI agravAloM meM jo pUjA hotI hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki gUgA nAgarAja kA madhyakAlIna rUpAntara hai / dUsarA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai, ki jaisA hama Upara likha cuke haiM, gUgA eka cauhAna rAjA thA, jo hisAra ke samIpa maherA meM rAjya karatA thA / mahamUda gajanavI ke sAtha vaha bar3I vIratA se lar3A, aura janatA meM eka vIra ke samAna pUjA jAne lgaa| agravAla loga usI pradeza ke nivAsI the, ataH unameM gUgA kI vIratA kI smRti bar3e prabala rUpa meM kAyama rahI-aura jaba gUgA kA rUpa kevala eka vIra rAjA kA na rahakara daivI ho gayA, to agravAla loga bhI use devatA ke samAna pUjane lge| 1. gUgA ke sambandha meM Adhaka jAnane ke liye nimnAlIkhata pustakoM ko dekhiye1. L. Ibbotson, Panjab Castes. 2. R. V. Russel, Tribes and Castes of the Central Provines. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa ( 3 ) agrahArI jAti 264 madhya prAnta aura banArasa meM agrahArI nAma kI eka vaizya jAti pAI jAtI hai, jo Ajakala agravAloM se pRthak hai / para isa agrahArI jAti ke loga bhI apanA nivAsa agarohA aura AgarA se batAte haiM / inake aura agravAloM ke gotroM meM bhI samatA hai / isaliye zrIyuta nesphIrs' aura zrIyuta rasela ne kalpanA kI hai, ki ina agrahArI vaizyoM kA agravAloM se ghaniSTa sambandha hai / kisI samaya ye donoM eka the, para bAda meM kisI bAta para matabheda hone se agrahAriyoM kI pRthak birAdarI bana gaI / inakA khAnapAna Adi saba zuddha hai, aura vyavahAra bhI prAyaH agravAla vaizyoM ke sadRza hI hai / varNa viveka candrikA meM eka zloka AtA hai, jisake anusAra ina agrahAriyoM meM varNa saMkaratA sUcita hotI hai| vahAM likhA hai, ki agravAla pitA aura brAhmaNa mAtA se jo santAna huI, usase agrahArI, kasavAnI 3. H. M. Elliot, Races of the North-Western Provinces of India. 4. H. A. Rose, A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Panjab and North-Western Frontier Province, Vol. I. 1. J. C. Nesfield, Brict view of the Caste System of the NorthWestern Provinces. 2. R. V. Russel, Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces For Private and Personal Use Only

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265 phuTakara TippaNiyAM aura mAhurI vaizyoM kI utpatti huI / ' isa bAta meM satya kA aMza kahAM taka hai, yaha jAnanA sambhava nahIM hai / purAne smRtikAroM ne vividha jAtiyoM kI utpatti kI vyAkhyA isI prakAra kI varNa saMkaratA se kI hai / manusmRti meM isI DhaMga ke varNa saMkaroM kI eka lambI sUci dI gaI hai| para hamArI sammati meM isameM satyatA nahIM hai / hamArA vicAra hai, ki agravAla jAti meM se hI pRthak hokara ina birAdariyoM kI sthApanA huI, varNa saMkara ke kAraNa nahIM / agrahArI vaizyoM kA agravAloM se ghaniSTa sambandha hai, yaha bAta nizcita hai| (4) gahoI jAti yaha vaizya jAti bundelakhaNDa meM vizeSarUpa se pAI jAtI hai| saMyukta prAnta meM murAdAbAda zrAdi ke samIpavartI jiloM meM bhI isa jAti ke bahuta se vaizya haiM / isa jAti meM bAraha gotra haiM , aura inake prAyaH sabhI gotra agravAloM meM bhI haiM / isase pratIta hotA hai, ki isa jAti kA bhI agravAloM se ghaniSTa sambandha hai / sambhava hai, ki jisa prakAra prasiddha vaizAlaka vaMza se varNavAla aura agravAla jAtiyoM kA vikAsa huvA, vaise hI isa gahoI jAti kA bhI vaizAlaka vaMza se hI vikAsa huvA ho / gotroM kI samatA kI vyAkhyA isI AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| 1. agravAlasya vIryeNa saMjAtA viprayopiti agrahArI karavAnI mAhurI saMpratiSThitAH / / ( jAtibhAskara pRSTha 263) For Private and Personal Use Only

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apravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 266 (5) baMka aura alla aThAraha gotroM ke atirikta agravAloM meM bahuta se baMka va alla bhI pAye jAte haiM, jo vividha parivAroM ko sUcita karate haiM / keDiyA, kAnUnago, kAnoDiyA, goyanakA Adi vizeSaNa na kisI pRthak jAti kA bodha karAte haiM, aura na hI kisI pRthak gotra kaa| ye vizeSaNa, jinheM baMka va alla kahate haiM, vizeSa parivAroM ke sUcaka haiM / ye baMka va alla kisI pratApI pUrvaja va kisI sthAna vizeSa ke nAma se par3e haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para keDiyA baMka ko lIjiye / yaha nAma ker3a nAmaka gAMva se par3A, jisake sambandha meM nimnalikhita kathA ullekhanIya hai| bArahavIM sadI meM muMDala jI nAma ke eka prasiddha puruSa huve| ye maMDala nAmaka sthAna para jAkara base, jo bhivAnI se teraha mIla kI dUrI para thaa| inakI bArahavIM pIr3hI meM seTha gopIrAma jI huve / unake pAhurAma jI aura bholArAma jI nAmaka do putra huve / ina bhAiyoM kI maMDala ke zAsaka se kucha anabana hogaI aura isI liye inhoMne maMDala ko chor3a diyaa| usa samaya bhArata kI rAjanItika dazA bar3I kharAba thI / taimUralaMga kA AkramaNa abhI hokara hI cukA thaa| aise vikaTa samaya meM jaba ye donoM bhAI apane pUrvajoM ke ghara ko chor3a kara kisI ajJAta sthAna kI ora pazcima meM cale jArahe the, to mArga meM usa samaya ke prasiddha DAka jabaradIkhAM se inakI bheMTa huI / jabaradIkhAM ne inakI sampatti ko lUTanA cAhA / magara ina bhAiyoM ne apanI buddhimattApUrNa bAtoM se usa DAk ke mana para bahuta acchA prabhAva For Private and Personal Use Only

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267 phuTakara TippaNiyAM DAlA, aura use apanA mitra banA liyA / unhoMne usakI sahAyatA se eka nayA gAMva basAne kI yojanA banAI / jabaradIkhAM ke sAtha budharAma nAma kA eka jATa thaa| vaha bhI bar3A vIra thA / ina donoM bhAiyoM ne jabaradIkhAM aura budharAma ke sAtha milakara eka upayukta sthAna DhUMDhA aura vahIM para pandrahavIM sadI ke anta meM kar3e nAma kA gAMva basAyA / jabaradIkhAM isa gAMva kA navAba banA, aura rAjya kA saJcAlana pAhurAma aura bholArAma karane lage / isa ke gAMva ke nAma se hI ina bhAiyoM kI santAna kA baMka ker3iyA ho gayA / yadi yahI ghaTanA usa yuga meM hotI; jaba bhArata meM garaNa rAjyoM kA yuga thA aura agravAloM kI zastropajIvitA abhI naSTa na huI hotI, to ye donoM bhAI svayaM hI isa rAjya ke svAmI hote, aura ina se eka naye vaMza kA prArambha huvA hotA / ye bhI pRthak vaMzakarttA' kahAte / para samaya ke parivartana se ye kisI naye baMza ke pravartaka na bana kara, kevala naye vaMka kehI pravartaka bane / isI taraha seTha tulasIrAma jI se tulasyAna, seTha jAlIrAma jI se jAlAna aura seTha bhojarAja jI se bhojAna vaMzoM kA prArambha huvA | isa taraha ke bahuta se udAharaNa yahAM ekatra kiye jA sakate haiM, para aMkoM va alloM kA svarUpa spaSTa karane ke liye itane hI paryApta haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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For Private and Personal Use Only ikSvAku sAtavAM pariziSTha rAjA agrasena kA vaMzavRkSa saryAti mAMkIla 1 brahmA 1 vivasvAn manu nediSTa ( anya 4 putra) - nAbhAga 1 bhalandana 1 vAtsapri 1 (mAMkIla ke vaMza meM) 1 ilA prAMzu prajAti 'vaizAlaka vaza ka neka rAjA

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(mAkIla ke vaMza meM) vaizAlaka vaMza ke / aneka rAjA vizAla dhanapAla / ATha kanyAyeM, jo dhanapAla ke ziva nala nanda kumuda anala vallabha kunda zekhara pATha putroM se vyAhI gaha) sudarzana dhurandhara nandivardhana smy'ngk For Private and Personal Use Only

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For Private and Personal Use Only 1. varNa ( varNavAla vaizyoM kA vaMza) vibhu 1 agrasena neminAtha | (prapatra ) neminAtha | gurjara | (vaMza meM) raMga ( tathA anya 66 putra) vizoka T madhu 1 (vaMza meM) mahIdhara vallabha (tathA anya lar3ake ) zUra sena

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For Private and Personal Use Only divAkara sudarzana vimala zukadeva 1 dhanaJjaya zrInAtha 1 vasu 1. mahAdeva yamAdhara 1 malaya (ATha putra huve jinaseATha vaMzoM kA vikAsa huvA) i nanda candrazekhara | agracandra

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sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci (ka) jAti bheda viSayaka grantha 1. Atkinson ( E. T.). Statistical, Descriptive and Historical account of the North-West Provinces of India. 14 Vols. Allahabad 1874-84. 2. Baines ( Sir A. ), Ethnography ( Castes and tribes ), Strassburg 1912. 3. Bower ( Rev. H. ) An Essay on Hindu caste Calcutta 1851. 4. Buchanan. Eastern India, 2 Vols. 5. Crooke ( W.) The Natives of Northern India 1907. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa por 6. Crooke ( W.) The North Western Provinces of India, their history, ethnology and admini stration. London 1897. 7. Crooke (V.) An Ethnographical Hand Book for the North Western Provinces and Oudh. Allahabad 1890. 8. Crooke ( W.) The tribes and castes of North Western Provinces and Oudh, Allahabad 1940. 9. Crooke (W.) Introduction to the popular religion and folklore of Northern India. Alla habad 1894. 10. Dalton ( E. T.) Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. 1872. 11. Das ( A. C. ) the Vaisya Caste, Calcutta 1903. 12. Denie ( J. ) Panjab, North West Frontier Prov ince, and Kashmir. Cambridge. 1916. 13. Elliot (H. M.) Memoirs on the History, folklore and distribution of the races of the North Western Provinces of India, being an amplified edition of the supplementary Glossary of Indian terms. Revised by J. Beans. 2 Vols. London 1864. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci 14. Enthovan ( R. E. ) Tribes and castes of Bombay 1922. 15. Enthovan (R. E.) Notes for a lecture on the Tribes and castes of Bombay. 1907. 16. Ibbotson (D. ch. J.) Outlines of Punjab ethnography, being exracts from the Punjab census report of 1881, treating of religion, language and caste, Calcutta 1893. 17. Irving ( B. A.) Theory and practice of caste in India. London 1833. 18. Kitts ( E. J. ) A compandium of the castes and Tribes found in India compiled from the census reports for the various provinces ( excluding Burma) and native states of the empire. Bombay 1885. 19. Mepes (M.) The people of India. London. 1910. 20. Nesfield (J. C. ) Brief view of the caste system of the North Western Provinces and Oudh, togather with an examination of the names and figures shown in the census report 1822. Allahabad 1682. For Private and Personal Use Only

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para gra oft greita fakta 276 21. Pramatha Nath Mallik, History of the Vaisyas of Bengal. Calcutta 1903. 22. Risley (H. H.) The People of India, with 8 Appendices, Calcutta 1908. 23. Risley (H. H.) The Tribes and castes of Bengal, North Western Provinces and Punjab. 1. Anthropometic data. 11. Ethnographic glossary. 4 Vols. Calcutta 1861-2. 24. Rose ( H. A.) A Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and the N. W. F. Province. 25. Russell (K. V.) Tribes and castes of the Central Provinces, 1916. 26. Senart ( E. ) Les castes dans l'Inde, les faits et les systemes. Paris 1896. 27. Sherring (M. A. ) Hindu Tribes and castes. 3 vols. Calcutta, Bombay and London 1872-81. 28. Sherring (M. A.) The Sacred city of the Hindus, an account of Benaras in ancient and modern times, with an introduction by F. Hall. London 1868. For Private and Personal Use Only

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277 sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci 29. Watson ( J. F. ) The People of India, London 1868-75. kha. agravAla-itihAsa sambandhI pustakeM 1. bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra agravAloM kI utpatti ( baiMkaTezvara presa, bambaI ) 2. lAlA rAmacandra---agravAla utpatti ( agravAla sabhA ajamera ) 3. brahmAnanda brahmacArI zrI viSNu agrasena vaMza purANa ( agarohA, jilA hisAra) 4. brahmAnanda brahmacArI-sacitra itihAsa agravaMza kula bhUSaNa ( lAlA daulatarAma agravAla, hAtA savAIsiMha kAnapura ) 5. lAlA muMzIrAma--- agravAla mImAMsA ( mArtaNDa presa, dillI) 6. bAlacanda modI-agravAla itihAsa paricaya ( vaNik presa, kalakattA) 7. vaizya agravAla itihAsa (agravAla rAjavaMza sabhA meraTha ) 8. sukhAnanda mAlavI-agravAla vaMza kaumudI 9. muMzI anUpasiMha-saMkSepa vRttAnta 10. mukhtasira hAlAta mahArAjA agrasena ( japhara presa, murAdAbAda ) 11. muMzI raghuvIrasiMha-jIvanI agrasena mahArAja 12. zrI bihArIlAla jaina- agravAla itihAsa ( caitanya presa, bijanaura) 13. bAbU sumeracanda agravAla----agaravAla vaMzAvalI For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 278 14. bAbU rAmacandra guptA-agravaMza arthAt agravAla jAti kA itihAsa 15. vakSIrAma putra zivapratApa-rAjA agrasena kA jIvana-caritra ( indaura) 16. hIrAlAla zAstrI--agravAlavaizyotkarSa ( bambaI ) 17. zrI candrarAja bhaNDArI-agravAla jAti kA itihAsa ga. jAti bheda viSayaka anya pustakeM 1. zrI. jvAlAprasAda mizra --jAti bhAskara 2. paMDita choTelAla-jAti anveSaNa gha. saMskRta gandha 1. agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtatanam ( mahAlakSmI vrata kathA ) 2. uru caritam 3. mahAbhArata ( kalakattA tathA nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI se prakAzita ) 4. kauTalIya arthazAstra ( zAma zAstrI, mAisUra 1919) 5. vAyu purANa ( Ana dAzrama ) 6. brahmANDa purANa ( zrI veMkaTezvara ) 7. brahma purANa ( AnandAzrama ) 8. harivaMza purANa ( kalakattA ) 9. padma purANa (AnandAzrama ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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279 sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci 10. mArkaNDeya purANa ( pAITara ) 11. viSNu purANa ( vilsana) 12. pravara maMjarI-gotra pravara nibandha kadambakam (zrI veMkaTezvara, bambaI) 13. agni purANa ( jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara) 14. bhAgavata purANa (gaNapata kRSNa jI) 15. pANinIyASTakam 16. mahAbhASyam ( kIlhaoNrna) 17. manusmRti ( nirNaya sAgara ) 18. yAjJavalkya smRti ( nirNaya sAgara ) 19. mahAvaMzo (W.Geiger ) 20. buddhacaryA ( rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ) 21. baudhAyana dharmazAstra 22. pArAzara smRti 23. dharmazAstra saMgraha ( jIvAnanda vidyAgara ) 24. varNa vivekacandrikA (zrI veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI ) 25. rAjataraGgiNI kalhaNa kRta 26. zrutAvatAra kathA ( bambaI ) 27. maMjuzrImUlakalpa ( jAyasavAla ) 28. A Catalogue of the Sanskrit and prakrit Manuscripts in the India Institute Library, Oxford. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 280 21. raviSeNa padmacarita ( kItha ) Da.. mardumazumArI kI riporTa mardumazumArI kI vividha riporTa jAti viSaya ke adhyayana ke liye bahuta upayogI haiM / inakI sabhI ripoToM meM Caste tathA Tribe viSayaka adhyAyoM meM bahuta sI aisI sAmagrI rahatI hai, jo jAtIya itihAsoM ke liye bar3e mahatva kI hai| ca. gaijeTiyara I. The Imperial Gazateer of India 3rd. ed. 26 Vols. Oxford 1607-9. ( Vol. I. Chapter VI. Ethnography and Caste ) 2. The Imperial Gagateer of India, Provincial Series. 1907. 3. The District Gagateers of India. [vizeSatayA hisAra (paMjAba), rohataka (paMjAba), karanAla ( paMjAba ), zimalA ( paMjAba ), bijanaura ( yU0 pI0 ), iTAvA ( yU0 pI ), banArasa ( yU0 pI0 ), AgarA (yU0 pI0); mujaphpharanagara ( yU0 pI0 ), alAhAbAda (yU0 pI0 ), merara (yU0 pI0 ), bulandazahara ( yU0 pI0 ) aura chattIsa gar3ha ( madhya prAnta ) ke gejeTiyara / For Private and Personal Use Only

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281 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci 4. The Panjab and Rajputana State Gazateers. a. vividha aitihAsika grantha 1. Bernaulli, Description historique et Geographique de L'Inde. 2. Renell (J.). Memoir of a map of Hindostan, or, the Mogul Empire; and a map of the countries between the Indian rivers and Caspian, account of the Ganges and Barrampooter rivers etc London 1788. 3. McCrindle (J. W. ), Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian. Bombay 1877. 4. McCrindle (J. W.) Ancient India as described by Ptolemy. Bombay, 1885. 5. McCrindle (J. W.). The Invasion of India by Alexender the Great as described by Arrian, Q. Curtius, Plutarch, Justin, and other classical authors. London-Westminster 1893. 6. Smith (V. A.), The Early History of India. Oxford 1924. 7. Rapson (E. J.), The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I. 1922. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 757 8. Rhys Davids (J. V.), Buddhist India. London 1903, 9. Tod ( J. ), Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Eastern States of India, 2 Vols. Calcutta. 10. Pargiter ( F. E.), Ancient Indian Historical Tradition. London 1922 11. Pargiter ( F. E. ), Dynasties of the Kali Age, London 1913. 12. Le'vi ( S. ) Le Ne'pal. E'tude historique d'un Royaume Hindou, 3 Tomes. Paris, 1905-1908 ( Annales du Muse'e Guimet, Bibliothe'que d E'tudes, t. XVII-XIX) 13. Griffin ( L. H. ), The Rajas of the Panjab, being. the History of the principal states in the Panjab and their political relations with the British Government. Lahore 1870. 14. Vaidya (C. V.), Hisrory of Medieval Hindu India,3 Vols. Poona. 15. Jayaswal ( K. P. ), Hindu Polity, 2 Parts. For Private and Personal Use Only

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752 sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci 16. Jayaswal ( K. P.), An Imperial History of India. Lahore. 17. Jayaswal ( K. P.), The Political History of India. 18. Rockhill, Life of Buddha. 19. Rodgers ( C. J. ), The Revised list of objects of Archeological interests in Panjab. 20. Elliot ( Sir H. M. ) and Dowson (Prof. John) The Histoty of India as told by its own Histori ans. Triibner and Co. 1867-77. 21. Cunningham (A. ), The Ancient Geography of India. London 1871. 22. Rayachaudhary ( H. ) Political history of An cint India. Calcutta 1927. 23. Bhandarkar ( D. R. ) Lectures on the Ancient History of India. Calcutta 1919. 24. Kennedy ( J. ) The Pauranic Histories of the early Aryas. J. R. A. S. 1915. 25. Dey (N. L.) Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India. Calcutta 1899. For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 284 26. Smith (V. A. ), Autonomous Tribes of the Panjab, conquered by Alexander the great. J. R. A. S. 1930. 27. Watters (T.), On Yuan Chwang. London. 1904-5. 28. Senart (E.), Les Inscriptions de Piyadasi. Paris 1881, 1886. 29. Fleet, Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings. 30. Sitaram Kohli-Zafarnama Ranjit Sinha. 31. Shamlal's Diary of Ranjit Sinha. 32. Temple (R. C.), The Legends of Panjab. 33. Munshi Shev Shankar Singh and Pandit Shri Gunananda. History of Nepal (Translated from the Parbatiya) edited by Daniel Wright. Cambridge University Press. 34. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra - maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa ( iNDiyana presa ilAhAbAda ) 35. jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra - bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUpa rekhA ( hindustAnI ekeDamI elAhAbAda ) 36. Law (B. C.), Some Kshatriya Tribes of Ancient India. Calcutta 1924. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sahAyaka pustakoM kI sUci 37. A Collection of Sanskrit and Prakrit Inscrip tions of Kattyawar, published by order of H. H. the Maharaja of Bhawanagar, 38. Cowell (E. B.) Jataks. Cambridge 1895 1913. 39. Hultzsch, The Inscriptions of Asoka (Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum ) 40. Haig ( Sir W.) The Cambridge History of India Vol. III. ( Turks and Afghans) Cambridge 1928. X?. AFICIA-- rare 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zabdAnukramaNikA For Private and Personal Use Only

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zabdAnukramaNikA ( yahAM kevala mukhya grantha ke zabdoM kI hI anukramaNikA dI gaI hai, pariziSTa kI nhiiN| mukhya grantha ke bhI kevala mahatvapUrNa-zabda hI diye gaye haiM / yaha yatna nahIM kiyA gayA, ki eka zabda jahAM jahAM zrAyA hai, una saba sthAnoM kI pRSTha saMkhyA dI jAya / kevala vahI pRSTha saMkhyA dI gaI hai, jahAM usa zabda kA vizeSa mahatva hai|) akabara mugala bAdazAha 51 agara vaMza 61 agalassi rAjya 44, 143, 144 agastya gotra 130 agArA nagara 44, 55, 56 agarohA agravAloM kA mUla nivAsa sthAna 20, 22, 39, 41; kA seTha haravaMzasahAya 40; kI khudAI 41; kA varNana For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 47-49; kA kilA 48; kA kher3A 48; kI prAcInatA 52-57; kA barnAyyI dvArA ullekha 53; ke khaNDaharoM kA hisAra ke nirmANa meM upayoga 54; kI tugalaka vaMza ke zAsana meM sthiti 54, kA TaoNlmI dvArA ullekha 55, kI agArA se ekatA 55-56; kI kuzAna sAmrAjya meM sthiti 56; ke samIpa anya prAcIna sthAna 55, 57; meM prApta sikke 56; para videzI AkramaNa 142, kA patana aura anta 149-152 agra 60, 61 agra vaMza 61, 116 agra purANa 39 agravaizyavaMzAnukIrtanam paricaya 34-35 agravAla jAti 17; agravAloM kI janasaMkhyA 12-20; kA upanAma 'gupta' 18; kI AbAdI kA vividha sthAnoM para anupAta 19- 20; ke bheda 20-28; kI AjIvikA 28; meM zikSitoM kI saMkhyA 29; kI sAmAjika dazA 30-31; meM satiyoM kI pUjA 57; agravAla jAti kI utpatti 58-59; kI rAjapUtoM se utpatti kA mata 84; meM purAnI rAjasattA ke cihna 87; kI ATha mAtRkAyeM 180; kA jaina dharma meM dIkSita honA 117; kA nAgoM se sambandha 120; meM nAga pUjA 221; ke gotra 125 - 135; ke pravara, gotra va zAkhA 128 agravAla itihAsa kI sAmagrI 33 agravAla mahAsabhA akhila bhAratIya 31 agracanda rAjA 118 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zabdAnukramaNikA agrasena rAjA, nAgakanyA se vivAha 89; ke rAjya kI sImA tathA kSetra 90; kA indra ke sAtha virodha 92; kA mahAlakSmI kI upAsanA kara use saMtuSTa karanA 91, kolapura ke nAgarAja kI kanyA se svayaMvara 91-92; indra ke sAtha maitrI 92; punaH mahAlakSmI kI zrArAdhanA 92-93; agrA nagarI kI sthApanA 93; sAr3he sataraha yajJa 94-96; mAMsa bhakSaNa tathA hiMsA kA niSedha 95-96; rAjya kA parityAga 97; agravAla jAti meM agrasena kA mahatva 98; pRthak vaMzakartA 98; agrasena kA vaMza 100; ke pUrvaja 100-109; kA kAla 110-113; ke uttarAdhikArI 115---119, ke putroM kA nAga kanyAoM se vivAha 120 agrohA (agarohA ) 56 anala rAjA 50 abhijana 70 anantarApatya 132, 133 anubhAga rAjA 105 amarasiMha rAjA 50 avadhabihArIlAla lAlA 36 arAyana jAti 80 araTiyoI jAti 81 aror3A jAti 89 ambAlA Divijana meM agravAloM kI saMkhyA 19 avatsAra 141 zraya rAjA 103 ayodhyA 101 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 292 atri gotra 122, 130 ahi nagara 120 azvamedha yajJa 122 AgarA nagara 51, 52, 55, 56; meM agravAloM kI saMkhyA 20 zrAgrAyaNa 60, 61 ani 60 Agreya gaNa 43, 58, 59, 61, 68, 81 bhAbhIra gaNa 80 Andhra vaMza 73, 74 zrAnanda rAjA 103 zrAnate rAjya 101 bhAraTTa deza 81 ArjunAyana gaNa 81, 144 AstIka muni 121 ikSvAku rAjA 101, 109 ibaTasana 45 iTAvA 46 iDaviDA 108 indaura 39 indra 89, 90 iNDiyA insTiTyUTa lAyabrerI 61 ilAhAbAda 80 IliyaTa 45, 53, 85 uru rAjA candravaMzI 36 uru caritam paricaya 36-37 ujjaina 51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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293 zabdAnukramaNikA ekarAja 63 ekSvAkava vaMza 101 enthovana 45 eraNa gotra 126, 129 aosanagara 84 aosavAla 84, 85 aMgirA gotra 135 kapilavastu 66 karNa digvijaya 59 karNa rAjA 59 kadImI agravAloM kA eka bheda 25 kamboDiyA deza 52 kamboja gaNa 72, 73 kamboha jAti 82 kaliyuga saMvat 111; kA kAla kalmAzapAda rAjA 112 kAntI 89 kAsila ( kauzika ) gotra 126 kAzyapa gotra 130 kArintha rAjya 86 kArthaja nagara 86 kAiyAM agravAloM kA eka bheda 22 kubera ( dhanada ) 209, agarohA meM prApta mUrti 109 kumuda rAjA 89, 103 kunda rAjA 89, 103 kukura gaNa 72 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #296
agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa Y kuru gaNa 72 kuzana (kuzAna) yuga 41; kAla ke sikke 56; rAjA 56, 73, 122 kaiDaphisasa vima 56, 123 kozala rAjya 66 kolapura nagara 89, 115 kauTalya (cANakya ) 78 kauTalIya arthazAstra 17, 45, 70, 71, 78, 86 khatrI jAti 78, 106 khanitra rAjA 102 kharADela nagara 84 khaNDevAla jAti 84 gaNa 59, 66 ,69, 70; gaNa rAjyoM kA jAtiyoM meM parivartana 64, 65; gaNoM kA abhiprAya 62; gaNoM ke vartamAna pratinidhi 77--83 garga muni 94; gotra 126, 129 garavAla ( gAvAla, gautama ) gotra 126, 129 gavana gotra 126, 129 gaGgArAma sara 31 gAvAla gotra 126, 129 gAthAyeM purAtana 33 giMdaur3iyA dassA agravAloM kA eka bheda 25 gujarAta 51,52, 89 gur3Akura dassA agravAloM kA eka bheda 25 gapta agravAloM kA upanAma 18; sAmrAjya 76; paMza 108 guNadhI rAjA 139 For Private and Personal Use Only

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295 zabdAnukramaNikA gurjara rAjA 89, 103 gUgA pIra 121 gejeTiyara 46, 50 gokulacanda 142 gobhila gotra 126, 129 gotra 45; agravAloM ke gotra 126-- 128 gotra sambandhI prAcIna mata 130; mUla pATha gotra 160; pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke anusAra gotra 132--133; cAra mUla gotra 135 gotroM kA asaMkhya honA 136, lekhaka kA gotra sambandhI mata 137--141 gotrApatya 60, 132--134 gotrakRt 137 gautama gotra 130 gaur3a deza 149 grAmya gIta 40-41 grIka AkrAtA 64; yAtrI 44; loga 55 grIsa 55 ghanazyAma bhaTTa 39 cakravartI samrATa 63 carA agrasena kI rAnI 115; 173 candragupta maurya samrATa 117 ca drazekhara rAjA 118 cANakya AcArya 70, 72 cAturvarNya 85 jagIda agravAloM kA eka bheda 25 jana (tribe) 63, 65, 66 janapada 62, 63, 66 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhagravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 296 janamejaya rAjA 121 jambU dvIpa 103 jayapura rAjya 84 jasarAja bhaTTa 39 jAnapada sabhA 62, 63 jAnasaTha 26 jiyAuddIna vAranI 54 jaina agravAla 22; jaina agravAloM kI saMkhyA 23; kA anya agra vAloM se sambandha23, 24, agravAloM kA jaina honA 117 jaina sAhitya 33 johiyA rAjapUta jAti 82, 83 TADa 85 TAlamI 44, 55 Taimpala 40 DivAI 25 DhiMgala gotra 126 Dhelana gotra 126 takSaka nAgarAjA 121 tAyala (dhAnyAza) gotra 123,129 tibbatI anuzrati 39 tittila ( tANDeya ) gotra 123, 129 tundala gotra 126, 129 tugalaka vaMza 14, 53, 54 talArAma bhaTTa 39 tRNa bindu 108, 109 For Private and Personal Use Only

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297 zabdAnukramaNikA darbha 60 dassA agravAla 24, anya jAtiyoM meM darasA kA bheda 25, dassA agravAloM ke bheda 25 dazAnana 43 dArbhAyaNa 60 dArbhiH 10 dilavAliye dassA agravAloM kA eka bheda 25 diSTa rAjA 101 divAkara rAjA 116, jainadharma svIkAra 117, kA kAla 118 diMgala (siMgala ) gotra 126 dhanada rAjA 108, 109 dhanapAla rAjA 88,89, 100, 102, 112 dhanaJjaya rAjA 116 dharma ketu rAjA 112 dhRSTa 101 dhairaNa gotra 129 nanda vaMza 64, rAjA 89, 103 nannUmala dIvAna 50 nala sanyAsI 89, 103 nAbhapaMkti 73 nAmaka 73 nAga vaMza aura jAti 45, 108; rAjA 115, 120; kanyA 39, 91-93, 115, 123; kumArI 42, 102; rAja 115, 120; loka 89 neminAtha 89, 103; vibhu kA lar3akA 116 paJcAla gaNa 66, 73 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa pachAiye agravAla 21 pasenadI ( prasenajit ) rAjA 66, 68 pANDaya deza 52 pATaliputra 79 pANini muni 44, 60, 70 pippalina 79 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pura 62, 66; paura sabhA 62 purabiye agravAla 21 phatehAbAda tahasIla 47 pharrukhasiyara mugala bAdazAha 26,43 phaNIndra sutA 123 phinIziyA 86 phIrojazAha tugalaka 56, 54 banI 52, 56 baniyA jAti, rAjapUtoM se udbhava 84 bIsA agravAla 24; anya jAtiyoM meM bIsA kA bheda 25; bIsA aura dassA kA bheda 25, 43 bAMgar3a 22; bAMgar3I 21 bAlavivAha agravAloM meM 30;kA pariNAma 31 bimbisAra rAjA 80 bindala gotra 126 bensa 18 baikTriyana AkrAntA 73 bauddha sAhitya 45, 82 brahmAnanda brahmacArI 39 bhanandana ( bhalandana ) vaizya 'pravara' 37, 102, 105, 107 298 For Private and Personal Use Only

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299 zabdAnukramaNikA bhaTTa (bhATa ) 39; vANI mUla 39 bhadra gaNa 58, 59 bhaviSya purANa 34; bhaviSyottara purANa 321 bhavyakA 108 bhadrabAhu svAmI zrutakevali 116 bhavAnI agrasena kI rAnI 115, 173 bhATa sUtoM ke vartamAna pratinidhi 38; bhAToM ke gIta 37; ke saMgraha 39-40; se prApta anuzruti 41 bhAziva vaMza 122, 124 bhAratendu bAbU harizcandra 34 magadha 63, 61 madurA (pANDya deza kI rAjadhAnI ) 52 madhurA ( kamboDiyA kI rAjadhAnI) 52 mathurA (zaurasena deza kI rAjadhAnI) 20, 80, 52 maI mazumArI 18-20, 22, 24, 29, 45 madra 70; madraka 72 marubhUme 77 madhu rAjA 104 manu rAjA 100 101 103 105 mahamiye agravAloM kA eka bheda 21,22 malla rAjya 66 mahAnAma zAkya 68 mahAlakSmI 34, 91-93; vratakathA mahAbhArata yuddha 114 mahIdhara rAjA 89, 104 mahIratha rAjA 91 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 300 mAravAr3a 20, 21, mAravAr3I agravAla 21; mAlatI 89, 108 mAdhavI nAgakanyA 89, agrasena kI rAnI 115, 173 mittala gotra 126 mitrA agrasena kI rAnI 115, 133 murArIdAsa agaravaMzI 61 / mukuTA 89 mevAr3I agravAloM kA eka bheda 22 maisiDona 44, 55, 63 moriya gaNa 79, 66 moraI jati 79 moda 106 motIcanda DAkTara 34 maurya 64, 71.-74, 79 maMgaladeva paMDita 36 maMgala (mugala) gotra 126 mAMkIla (sAMkIla ) vaizya 'pravara' 37, 103, 105 yamAdhara rAjA 118 yAjJavalkya muni 104 yuvApatya 132, 136 yUnAnI loga 55 yaropa 86; meM jAti bheda vikasita na hone kA kAraNa 86-87 yauya gaNa 73, 76, 82 119 rajA vizAla kI kanyA 89, 108; agrasena kI rAnI 115, 173 ratanacanda rAjA 26.-27, 140 rathItara vaMza 101 For Private and Personal Use Only

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301 zabdAnukramaNikA rambhA agrasena kI rAnI 115, 173 rasela 84,85 rAka hila 69 rAjarsa 48 rAjavaMzI 26, 42 rAjA kI birAdarI ( rAjAzAhI) 26, 42 risale 45, 125 risAlU (rAjA risAla) 40, 56, 57; risAlU kher3A 57 rudradAmana zaka 82 rohataka nagara 59, 19, 81 rohitaka gaNa 58, 59, 81 rohatagI ( rastaugI) jAti 81 rauniyAra jAti 106 raMga (raMga jI) rAjA 104, 89 lakSmIrAma putra ziva pratApa 39 licchavi 69; likyuvika 72 lohAgar3ha 22 lohAcArya svAmI 117 lohiye agravAloM kA eka bheda 21 vatsala (bAMsala) gotra 126 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vardhana vaMza 107 varNavAla jAti 138, 139 vallabha 89, 103 vasu rAjA 118 vArtA kA lakSaNa 17, vArtopajIvi 18, vArtAzastropajIvi 72, 78-80, 86, 107 For Private and Personal Use Only

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agravAla jAti kA prAcIna itihAsa 302 vAtsani (vAtsapriya) vaizya 'pravara' 37, 102, 103, 107 vAsuki nAgarAja 121 videha 66, 101 vima kaiDaphisasa 56 vijagISu 70 vibhu rAjA 97, 111, 116 vimala rAjA 116 vizAla rAjA 89, 108, 109 viSNurAja 89 buji 70, 71, vRjika 70, 72 vaizAlI 69, 101 vaizAlaka vaMza 37, 43, 98, 101 vaMzakRt 137 zaka 64, 74 zayoti 101 zacI agrasena kI rAnI 115, 173 zamsA e-sirAja aphIpha 53 zAkya 66-69, 71 ziva rAjA 88,89, 103 zivi gaNa 73 zIlo (zIlAdevI) 40, 56, 57 zukadeva rAjA 116 zuga vaMza 73, 74 zUrasena agrasena kA bhAI 36, 94-96, 104 zekhara rAjA 103 zaizunAga vaMza 64, 65 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 303 www.kobatirth.org zabdAnukramaNikA zai. riMga 45, 125 zrAvastI (sAvaTThI) 63 zreNiya vimbisAra 80 zreNi gaNa 72, 79 samAdhi rAjA 89, 102 samudragupta prazasti 80, 82 santhAgAra ( sabhAbhavana ) 67 saharA liye agravAloM kA eka bheda 21 sAmantabhadra svAmI 117 sikandara maisiDona kA rAjA 44, 45, 64, 143 siyAlakoTa 40, 56 subhagA 89 sudarzana rAjA 89, 102 harihara rAjA 101 hariyA sUta 37, 38 saiyada bandhu 26 saMgha 69, 70, 72 sAMkIla ( mAMkIla ) vaizya 'pravara' 37 harabhaja zAha ( haravaMzasahAya ) 57 hari rAjA 89 vAloM kA eka bheda 22 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir harSavardhana mahArAja 23 hastinApura 59 hAla ke agravAloM kA eka bheda 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #306
citra-paricaya isa pustaka ke mukha-pRSTha para jo citra hai, vaha kubera kA hai| yaha mUrti agarohA kI khudAI meM milI thii| san 1889 meM sarakAra ke purAtatva-vibhAga kI ora se agarohA kI jo khudAI zurU huI thI, usameM aneka mahatvapUrNa mUrtiyAM va anya kRtiyAM upalabdha huIM thIM-yaha mUrti unameM se eka hai| agarohA ke ye avazeSa lAhaura ke myUjiyama meM surakSita haiM / kubera kI isa mUrti ke sira para nAga kA cihna hai / agravaMza kA nAgoM ke sAtha vizeSa sambandha thaa| kubera ( dhanada ) kI isa mUrti para nAga kA cihna honA bhI mahatva kI bAta hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Page #308
lekhaka kI anya pustakeM 1. maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa-isa pustaka para lekhaka ko hindI sAhitya sammelana ilAhAbAda se 1200) ru0 kA maMgalAprasAda pAritoSika milA hai / hindU yUnivarsiTI kAzI ne ise itihAsa ke ema. e. ke korsa meM niyata kiyA hai / 2. bauddhakAla kA rAjanItika itihAsa / 3. bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga ) skUloM ke liye / mUlya 1) 4. apane deza kI kathA---choTe baccoM ke lie saralabhASA meM likhA huA bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa / mUlya 1 5. vasIyatanAmA -- phrAMsa ke suprasiddha kahAnI lekhaka mopAsAM kI kahAniyoM kA anuvAda | mUlya 1) 6. agravAla jAti kI utpatti tathA prAcIna itihAsa(phreMca bhASA meM) / mUlya 3) 7. yUropa kA Adhunika itihAsa ( chapa rahA hai) pahalA bhAga --phrAMsa kI rAjyakrAnti / dUsarA bhAga -- unnIsavIM sadI / tIsarA bhAga - vartamAna yUropa / itihAsa sadana kanATa sarkasa, naI dillii| mUlya 5) tInoM bhAgoM kA mUlya 5) For Private and Personal Use Only mUlya 1

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deza-videza (bilakula naye DhaMga kA sacitra mAsika patra) sampAdaka-prophesara satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra DI0 liTa0 yaha patra eka janavarI san 1939 se bhArata kI rAjadhAnI naI dillI se prakAzita ho rahA hai / isameM nimnalikhita viSaya rheNge| (1) bhArata tathA anya dezoM kI rAjanItika, Arthika sAmAjika va anya samasyAoM para niSpakSapAta tathA vaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra / (2) mahIne bhara kI saba mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM para lekha / (3) antarrASTrIya rAjanIti kA sarala rIti se vivecana / (4) bhArata ke vividha prAMtoM tathA riyAsatoM kI pragati kA digdarzana / (5) itihAsa tathA rAjanIti sambandhI navIna sAhitya kI smaalocnaa| isa DhaMga kA koI bhI masika patra abataka hindI meM nahIM hai| deza-videza kI Adhunika samasyAoM ko samajhane ke liye isa patra ko avazya pddh'iye|| vArSika mUlya 5 // ) eka aMka kA mUlya / / itihAsa sadana kI naI pustakeM (zIghra prakAzita ho rahI haiM) (1) yUropa kA Adhunika itihAsa-lekhaka satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra DI. liTa. pahalA bhAga-phrAMsa kI rAjyakrAnti dUsarA bhAga-unnIsavIM sadI tIsarA bhAga-vartamAna yUropa pratyeka bhAga meM 250 parata Serving JinShasan O tInoM bhAga eka sAtha le (2) pairisa kI saira shaastrii| mI bhArata lauTI haiN| eka mahilA kI dRl gyanmandir@kobatirth.org naye / mUlya kevala 1) milane kA patA-itihAsa sadana camanalAla bilDiga, kanATa sarkasa, naI dillii| zrImatI suzIlA da044560 For Private and Personal Use Only