Jain Dharm me Paryaya Ki Avdharna

Author(s): Siddheshwar Bhatt, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032766/1

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lA.da. graMthamAlA : 169 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA saMpAdakaH DaoN. siddhezvara bhaTTa DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha zIya saskRA bhAibhAra C420 sividhAmati pATAvAta lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ahamadAbAda

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pro. esa. Ara bhaTTa - saMskRta evaM darzanazAstra ke antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta vidvAna haiN| Apane dillI vizvavidyAlaya meM darzanazAstra vibhAga meM prophesara evaM adhyakSa ke rUpa meM avismaraNIya sevAeM pradAna kI haiN| pro. bhaTTa akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSada tathA ola iNDiyA philosaoNphikala kAMgresa ke adhyakSa bhI haiN| Apane 50 se adhika rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya seminAra Ayojita kiye haiN| pro. bhaTTa ne mahArAjAsayAjIrAva gAyakavAr3a vizvavidyAlaya, baDaudA meM bhI kucha samaya taka prophesara evaM adhyakSa pada para sevAeM dI haiM / samagra bhArata sahita zrIlaMkA, cIna, jApAna, sAutha koriyA, northa koriyA, turkI, jarmanI, amerikA Adi dezo meM pro. bhaTTa ne bhAratIya dharma darzana, tarkazAstra, tulanAtmaka dharmadarzana kA vividha pahalUoM para saMzodhana paraka vyAkhyAna die haiM / 21 pustakoM evaM 250 se adhika zodhapatroM ke lekhaka pro. esa. Ara. bhaTTa samprati dillI sthita bhAratIya dArzanika anusaMdhAna pariSada ke ceyaramena haiN|

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lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira graMthamAlA - 169 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA saMpAdakaH Do. siddhezvara bhaTTa Do. jitendra bI. zAha yasa lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira navaraMgapurA, ahamadAbAda 380 009

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA Jain Dharma me Paryaay ki avadharana Editors : Dr. S. R. Bhatt Dr. J. B. Shah Published by Dr. J. B. Shah Director L. D. Institute of Indology Ahmedabad 380 009 (India) Phone : (079) 26302463 Fax: 26307326 Idindology@gmail.com (c) L. D. Institute of Indology Copies : 500 Price: Rs. 300/ ISBN : 81-85857-53-9 Printed by Navprabhat Printing Press Ahmedabad 380 016 M : 9825598855

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prakAzakIya do varSa pUrva bhogIlAla laheracanda insTiTyUTa opha inDolojI, dillI meM Ayojita pramANa mImAMsA kI kAryazAlA ke udghATana samAroha meM paramAdaraNIya pro. siddhezvara bhaTTa sAheba ke sAtha saMvAda ke daurAna jaina darzana meM paryAya pustaka ke viSaya meM carcA huI thii| isa graMtha ke prakAzana ke lie maiMne pro. bhaTTa sAheba se vinaMtI kI thI aura sAtha meM sAgraha nivedana kiyA ki isa graMtha kA prakAzana hamAre saMsthAna lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ke dvArA karane kI anumati pradAna kareMge jo vidvAnoM ke lie bahUpayogI siddha hogA / pro. bhaTTa sAheba ne mere Agraha ko svIkAra karane kA anugraha kiyA tathA yaha graMtha 20 viziSTa zodha AlekhoM ke sAtha Apake samakSa prastuta karate hue mujhe AnaMda kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| isa graMtha meM jaina darzana meM paryAya ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana ke vidvAnoM ne sUkSma cintana kiyA hai| terApaMtha ke gaNAdhIza, vidvAn jaina AcArya mahAprajJajI ke "naya, anekAnta aura vicAra ke niyama" zIrSaka Alekha meM cintana ke do bar3e kSetroM bheda-abheda kI carcA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne abheda aura bheda ko samanvita kara vaicArika saMgharSa ko kama karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pro. bhaTTa sAheba ke Alekha meM jaina dArzanika siddhAntoM kI sundara-samIkSA kI gaI hai| Aja ke viSAdagrasta mAnava evaM hiMsA se trasta vizva ke lie jaina AcAra-vicAra ke siddhAnta nitAnta upayogI evaM lAbhaprada batAye haiN| samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI ne jaina darzana meM astitva kI avadhAraNA para vivakSA karate huye bahuta hI sundara kahA hai ki astitva parivartana evaM aparivartana kA samavAya hai / jaina pariNAmavAda ke siddhAnta ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya donoM meM parivartana hotA hai / dravya parivartana se hote hue bhI apane astitva ko nahIM chor3atA / jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya kA navInIkaraNa hone para bhI vaha sthira rahatA hai| samaNI RjuprajJAjI ne dravya-guNa-paryAya antargata bhedAbheda kI carcA kI hai / ve kahatI haiM ki yaha nirvivAda svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dravya-guNa-paryAya meM maulika bheda nahIM hai / vyavahAra se bheda va paramArtha se abheda arthAt bhedAbheda hai| ___ pro. sAgaramalajI jaina ne apanI prastuti meM jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka avalokana kiyA hai|

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isa graMtha meM samAviSTa sabhI zodha-Alekha jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ko vibhinna AyAmoM se adhyayana karate haiN| jJAtavya ho ki dravya evaM guNa ke viSaya meM bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne gaMbhIra cintana kiyA hai kintu paryAya ke viziSTa siddhAnta kA mAtra jaina dharma-darzana meM hI anuzIlana huA hai| prastuta graMtha Adhunika vidvad samAja ke samakSa 'jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA" ke rUpa meM prathama prastuti hai jisase dArzanika vidvAnoM evaM cintakoM ko mahattama lAbha mila skegaa| isa kSetra meM aura adhika cintana evaM saMzodhana ho aisI kAmanA ! graMtha prakAzana meM saMsthAna ke sabhI karmacAriyoM ke sakriya sahayoga ke lie dhanyavAda jJApita karatA jitendra bI. zAha ahamadAbAda rathayAtrA, 2017

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prAkkathana bhAratIya saMskRti kA paTa vividha raMgI hai jisameM aneka AcAra aura vicAra, darzana aura nIti kI paramparAoM kA sammizraNa evaM samanvaya hai| isa sandhAta meM jaina naya kA mahanIya sthAna hai / Aja ke viSAda grasta mAnava tathA hiMsA se trasta vizva ke lie jaina AcAra-vicAra ke siddhAnta nitAnta sArthaka, upayogI evaM lAbhaprada haiM / inakA paripAlana vizva meM ahiMsA, zAMti, sukha aura samRddhi ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se bhArata sarakAra dvArA saMsthApita bhAratIya dArzanika anusaMdhAna pariSad jaina naya ke maulika granthoM evaM mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM para kAryazAlAoM tathA goSThiyoM kA Ayojana kara rahI hai| aisI eka goSThI kucha samaya pUrva dillI ke AdhyAtma sAdhanA kendra meM 'paryAya' ke siddhAnta ko lekara Ayojita kI gaI thI jisameM deza ke aneka suprasiddha saMtoM evaM suvid janoM ne bhAga liyA thaa| goSThI meM 20 saMzodhana paraka lekha hiMdI tathA 15 lekha aMgrejI bhASA meM prastuta hue the / vartamAna grantha meM hindI bhASA meM prastuta lekhoM kA samAveza huA hai / aMgrejI bhASA ke lekha pRthak rUpa se prakAzita ho rahe haiM / paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI viziSTa evaM anUThI dena hai / yaha jaina mata ke kendrIbhUta siddhAnta anekAntavAda ko AdhAra pradAna karatI hai / jaina mata meM astitva kA svarUpa dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke samanvita rUpa meM pratipAdita huA hai / paryAya ke hI kAraNa dravya aura guNa anekAneka rUpoM meM abhivyakta hote haiM aura avasthA vizeSa ko prApta hote haiM / dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM bhedAbheda saMbaMdha hai jise avinAbhAva ke rUpa meM bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| paryAya nityatA aura parivartana ke bIca samanvaya kA kAma karatA hai| paryAya ke hI kAraNa vastu yA sat meM pratikSaNa pariNamana hotA hai / ataH yaha astitva kI kriyAzIlatA kA dyotaka hai / isI se utpAda aura vyaya saMbhava hotA hai / paryAya kA siddhAnta bahu-AyAmI hai| yaha na kevala anekAMtavAda tathA nayavAda ko AdhAra pradAna karatA hai aura nityAnitya ke samanvaya ko prastuta karatA hai varan jJAnamImAMsA tathA mUlya mImAMsA meM bhI nayA yogadAna detA hai| isake AdhAra para pramANa aura naya kA bheda jJAnamImAMsA meM hotA hai| isI ke pariNAma svarUpa syAdvAda tathA saptabhaMgI naya kI prastuti hotI hai| bhASAkIya vizleSaNa meM dravyArthika aura nayArthika kA bheda isI kA prakalpa hai| AcAra evaM mUlya mImAMsA meM mahAvrata tathA aNuvrata ke vargIkaraNa ko isI AdhAra para bhalIbhAMti samajhA jA sakatA hai / paryAya ke siddhAnta kA sabase mahatvapUrNa aura viziSTa yogadAna gaNita evaM sAMkhyikI saMbhAvita abhivRddhi ko lekara hai / ina donoM vidhAoM meM abhI taka parimANAtmaka svarUpa hI vidyamAna hai parantu

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paryAya ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para inheM guNAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA jA sakatA hai jo eka maulika evaM vAMchita yogadAna hogA / sAMkhyikI ke prasiddha vidvAna prophesara mahAlanabIsa ne isa dizA meM iMgita kiyA thA / maiMne bhI san 1985 meM Ayojita tRtIya inTaranezanala jaina kAnpharensa meM apane lekha meM isa ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA thA / (draSTavya - The concept of Paryaya - A singular contribution of Jainism to world Philosophy, in proceedings of the Third International Jain conference, Ahinsa International, New Delhi, 1985) bAda meM divaMgata AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI ne bhI isI bAta ko apane grantha 'anekAntavAda' meM sUcita kiyA thA / parantu abhI taka isa viSaya para adhika vicAra nahIM ho pAyA hai / deza-videza ke gaNitajJa evaM sAMkhyikI ke vizeSajJoM se apekSA hai ki isa para zodhakara pAzcAtyadRSTi se prastuta parimANAtmaka pakSa ko guNAtmaka AyAma dekara abhivRddhi kareM / isase karma ke siddhAnta aura vizva ke vaividhya ko bhalIbhAMti samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| jaina AcAryoM ne paryAya ke siddhAnta kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai aura isake anekAneka bheda-prabheda batAye haiM / prastuta grantha meM samAviSTa lekhoM meM isa bindU vistAra se vicAra huA hai| AzA hai isa grantha se isake dArzanika pakSa evaM aitihAsika vikAsa ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| jaina naya meM dravya kI taraha guNa aura paryAya vAstavika haiM, prAtibhASika nahIM / inakI pratIti yathArtha hai aura inakI anubhUti kI pratyayAtmaka abhivyakti bhI yathArtha hai / ataH utpAda-vyaya dharmA hote hue bhI paryAya vAstavika haiM / prastuta graMtha meM isa viSaya para vistAra se vicAra huA hai / paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA tathA puruSArtha evaM sarvajJatA ke sandarbha meM isa saMbaMdha meM uThe praznoM para bhI yahA~ vicAra huA hai tathA jaina mata mAnya paMcakAraNa samavAya ke AdhAra para samucita samAdhAna bhI prastuta huA hai| merI dRSTi meM ye prazna paryAyoM ke pariNamana ko bhalI bhAti dRSTi meM nahIM rakhane ke kAraNa uThe haiN| paryAya kI mahatvapUrNa evaM anUThI avadhAraNA para abhI taka koI vyavasthita evaM prAmANika grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| maiMne jaina darzana ke adhyayana aura adhyApana meM isa viSaya para cintana kiyA hai / isI vicAra ko lekara adhyAtma sAdhanA kendra, dillI meM maiMne eka rASTrIya saMgoSThI Ayojita kI thii| isameM jina saMtoM evaM vidvAna-viduSiyoM ne apane Alekha prastuta kie isake lie unheM AbhArapUrvaka dhanyavAda detA huuN| isa grantha ko vyavasthita rUpa pradAna karane meM AdaraNIya jitendrabhAI zAha kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA evaM yogadAna rahA hai| isake lie inake prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ / lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda ne isa grantha ke prakAzana kA kArya sampanna kiyA hai etadartha isake padAdhikAriyoM ko dhanyavAda jJApita karanA cAhUMgA / AzA hai sudhI pAThakoM ko tathA vidyApremiyoM ko isase jJAnalAbha hogA aura isa viSaya para adhika zodha karane kI preraNA milegii| 01.01.2017 siddhezvara bhaTTa bhUtapUrva AcArya evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa, darzanazAstra vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya

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74 anukramaNikA 1. naya, anekAnta aura vicAra ke niyama AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI 2. jaina dArzanika siddhAnta siddhezvara bhaTTa 3. jaina darzana meM astitva kI avadhAraNA samaNI maMgalaprajJA 4. dravya-guNa paryAya : bhedAbheda samaNI RjuprajJA 5. jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI ___ avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana sAgaramala jaina 6. paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa devendrakumAra zAstrI 7. jainadarzana meM paryAya kA svarUpa vIrasAgara jaina 8. zuddhaparyAya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? nItU jaina 9. 'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM nihita dArzanika maulikatA evaM vizeSatA sudIpa jaina 10. jainadarzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya bhedAbhedavAda kI avadhAraNA azoka kumAra jaina 11. sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya rAjakumArI jaina 12. dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha : siddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM zrIprakAza pANDeya 13. nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke Aloka meM varNita paryAya kI avadhAraNA jayakumAra upAdhye 14. paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya : RjusUtranaya anekAnta kumAra jaina 15. jaina darzana meM paryAya kuladIpa kumAra 16. pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA rAkeza kumAra jaina 17. paryAyAdhikAra bra0 ku0 kauzala 18. kramabaddhaparyAya hukamacanda bhArilla 19. jainadarzana meM bauddhasammata 'paryAya' kI samIkSA bhAgacandra jaina 20. jaina sAdhanA paddhati : mano'nuzAsanam hemalatA boliyA 127 134 142 149 165 177 15

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naya, anekAnta aura vicAra ke niyama AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI jaina darzana kI vicAra-saraNi para cintana karate samaya hama samyak darzana kI upekSA nahIM kara skte| vicAra jJAna kA eka AyAma hai / samyak darzana moha-vilaya kI cetanA kA eka AyAma hai / hamAre pAsa jAnane ke do srota haiM - indriya-cetanA aura atIndriya-cetanA / vicAra kA sambandha indriya-cetanA se hai / atIndriya cetanA meM darzana hai, sAkSAtkAra hai, vahA~ vicAra nahIM hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra indriya-cetanA se hone vAlA jJAna dravya ke aMza kA jJAna hai, samagra dravya kA jJAna nahIM hai| indriya-cetanA vAlA vyakti dravyAMza ko jAnatA hai / vaha aMzajJAna vivAda kA viSaya bhI banatA hai| pAMca vyakti kisI eka dravya ke pAMca aMzoM kA jJAna karate haiM aura apane-apane jJAna ko samyak mAna dUsare ke jJAna ko mithyA mAna lete haiM / isa mithyAvAda ko samyagvAda banAne kA eka upAya khojA gayA, vaha hai nayavAda / naya eka dRSTi hai, eka vicAra hai / siddhasena divAkara ne likhA-jitane vacana ke patha haiM, utane hI naya haiM - jAvaiyA vayaNapahA, tAvaiyA ceva huMti nayavAyA / yaha vistAravAdI dRSTikoNa cintana ke kSetra ko durgama banA detA hai| zrotA athavA jijJAsu ke lie kisI niSkarSa para pahuMcanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| isa samasyA ko sulajhAne ke lie jaina AcAryoM ne saMpUrNa vicAra ke kSetra nirdhArita kie - 1. dravyArthika naya - dhrauvya athavA nitya ke viSaya meM hone vAlA cintana / 2. paryAyArthika naya - utpAda-vyaya athavA anitya ke viSaya meM hone vAlA cintana / vicAra kI suvidhA aura satyaparaka ke lie ina do kSetroM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA / vAstava meM dhrauvya aura utpAda-vyaya athavA nitya aura anitya ko sarvathA vibhakta kara vicAra ko satyaparaka nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / dhrauvya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie dravyArthika naya aura parivartana kA pratipAdana karane

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke lie paryAyArthika naya kI vyavasthA kI gii| ye donoM naya paraspara sApekSa haiN| dhrauvya se vimukta parivartana aura parivartana se vimukta dhrauvya kahIM bhI nahIM hai / phira bhI astitva ke samagra svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie yaha vyavasthA atyaMta samIcIna hai| dravyArthika naya dhrauvya athavA abheda kA vicAra karatA hai, kintu parivartana kA nirasana nahIM karatA, pratyeka naya kI apanI sImA hai| vaha apane pratipAdya viSaya ke Age kisI khaMDana-maMDana meM nahIM jAtA / sApekSatA kA tAtparya yaha hai - naya samagratA kA Agraha nahIM krtaa| vaha samagra ke eka aMza kA pratipAdana karatA hai / vaha ekAMza kA vicAra karatA hai, isIlie dUsarA aMza usase jur3A huA hai / yaha jor3a hI sApekSatA hai| __ "jitane vicAra, utane naya' - isa vAkya meM sApekSatA kA satya abhivyakta huA hai / vicAra kA AdhAra koI paryAya hai| paryAya saMkhyAtIta hote haiM, isalie naya bhI asaMkhya haiM / asaMkhya aMzoM kA samanvaya karane para dravya kI samagratA kA bodha hotA hai| eka paryAya ko samagra mAnane kA Agraha mithyA dRSTikoNa hai| naya ekAMtavAda hai, phira bhI vaha dRSTi kA mithyA koNa nahIM hai| isalie naya kI bhUmikA meM svastha cintana kA avakAza hai| cintana ke do bar3e kSetra haiM - abheda aura bheda / abheda ke dvArA vyavahAra kA saMcAlana nahIM hotaa| bheda vivAda aura saMgharSa kA hetu banatA hai| tattva-cintana ke kSetra meM yaha bheda hI saMgharSa ko janma de rahA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne abheda aura bheda kA samanvaya kara vaicArika saMgharSa ko kama karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / jIva aura pudgala athavA cetana aura acetana meM bhI sarvathA bheda nahIM hai / caitanya jIva kA vizeSa guNa hai aura pudgala caitanya-zUnya hai| usakA vizeSa guNa hai - varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza kA catuSTaya / vizeSa guNa kI dRSTi se jIva aura pudgala-donoM bhinna haiM / kintu pradeza kI dRSTi se donoM bhinna nahIM haiN| jIva ke bhI pradeza haiM aura pudgala-skaMdha ke bhI pradeza haiM / jJeyatva, prameyatva aura pariNAmitva kI dRSTi se bhI donoM bhinna nahIM haiN| anekAnta cintana ke anusAra sarvathA abheda aura sarvathA bheda ekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa haiM / unake dvArA satya kI samIcIna vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sktii| anekAnta cintana ke ATha mukhya kSetra haiM - 1. sat 3. nitya 5. sadRza 7. vAcya 2. asat 4. anitya 6. visadRza 8. avAcya sat-asat sat kI vyAkhyA dravya ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| dravya kA dhrauvyAMza sat hai| vaha kAlika hai-atIta meM bhI thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI hogA / jahA~ dhrauvyAMza kA prazna hai, vahA~ kevala sat hai, asat kucha bhI nhiiN|

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naya, anekAnta aura vicAra ke niyama dravya ke paryAyAMza meM sat aura asat donoM kI vyavasthA hai| vartamAna paryAya sat hai / bhUta aura bhAvI paryAya asat haiM / isa sat-asat kI sApekSatA kA vicAra ke vikAsa meM bahuta yogadAna hai| dravya meM do prakAra kI kriyAeM hotI haiM - 1. pratikSaNa hone vAlI kriyA - isake anusAra nirantara parivartana hotA hai / pahale kSaNa meM jo hai, dUsare kSaNa meM vaha nahIM hotA, usakA naya rUpa bana jAtA hai| isa parivartana kA nAma hai arthaparyAya / 2. dUsarI kriyA kSaNa ke antarAla se hone vAlI kriyA hai / isakI saMjJA vyaJjanaparyAya hai| arthaparyAya sUkSma aura kSaNika hotA hai / vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla aura dIrghakAlika hotA hai / artha paryAya dravya ko dUsare kSaNa ke sAMce meM DhAlane kA kAma karatA hai| parivartana ke binA pahale kSaNa kA dravya dUsare kSaNa meM apane astitva ko TikAe nahIM rakha sakatA, isalie dArzanika dRSTi se artha paryAya kA kArya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya - ye tInoM samanvita hokara sat kA bodha karAte haiM / inakA vizleSaNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki dhrauvya kI dRSTi meM asat kucha bhI nahIM hai / asat se sat utpanna nahIM hotaa| asat kabhI sat nahIM banatA aura sat kabhI asat nahIM banatA / utpAda-vyaya kI dRSTi meM sat asat kI vyAkhyA kAraNa-kArya sApekSa hai| jo kAraNa rUpa meM sat aura kArya rUpa meM asat hai, vaha sat-asatkAryavAda hai / miTTI ke paramANu-skaMdha miTTI ke rUpa meM sat haiM aura ghaTa ke rUpa meM asat / miTTI kA ghaTa bana jAtA hai, taba asat se sat ke nirmANa kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina cintana meM asat kAryavAda aura sat kAryavAda ye donoM vikalpa mAnya nahIM haiN| tIsarA vikalpa-sat-asat-kAryavAda ko mAnya kiyA gyaa| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai, dravyArthika naya ko asat kAryavAda aura sat kAryavAda donoM mAnya nahIM haiN| kAraNa-kArya kA niyama paryAya para hI lAgU hotA hai| paryAyArthika naya kAraNa kI dRSTi se sat aura kArya kI dRSTi se asat-donoM ko mAnya kara sat-asat kAryavAda kI sthApanA karatA hai| nitya-anitya nitya aura anitya ke vicAra kA AdhAra sat aura asat hai / sat kA eka aMza hai dhrauvya / usakA kabhI utpAda aura vyaya nahIM hotA, isalie vaha nitya hai / sat kA dUsarA aMza hai paryAya / usameM utpAda-vyaya donoM hote haiM, isalie vaha anitya hai / dhrauvya paryAya se viyuta nahIM hotA aura paryAya dhrauvya se viyuta nahIM hote, isalie sat athavA dravya nityAnitya hotA hai / kevala nitya aura kevala anitya ke AdhAra para sat vyAkhyeya nahIM hai / AkAza sat hai, isalie vaha kevala nitya nahIM hai / paryAyayut hone ke kAraNa vaha anitya bhI hai| ghaTa eka paryAya hai, isalie vaha anitya hai, kintu vaha jina paramANuoM se banA hai, vaha paramANupuJja sat hai, isalie ghaTa nitya bhI hai /

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA sadRza-visadRza dravya meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra ke guNa hote haiM / vizeSa guNa ke kAraNa dravya visadRza hotA hai| jIva meM caitanya nAmaka vizeSa guNa hai, isalie vaha paramANu pudgala se visadRza hai / anekAnta darzana meM sadRza aura visadRza sApekSa hai / vizeSa guNa kI apekSA visadRza aura sAmAnya guNa ke apekSA sadRza isalie eka dravya dUsare dravya se sarvathA visadRza nahIM hotA / sAmAnya guNa kI apekSA jIva aura paramANu pudgala meM vaisadRzya nahIM khojA jA sakatA / isa siddhAnta ko vyAvahArika udAharaNa ke dvArA bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai / eka manuSya dUsare manuSya ke sadRza nahIM hai / 'jIva' kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa pratyeka manuSya, dUsare manuSya se bhinna hai, kintu pAMca indriyA~, mana Adi sAmAnya guNoM ke kAraNa eka manuSya dUsare manuSyoM ke tulya hai| vAcya-avAcya zabda aura artha ke pArasparika sambandha kA bodha kie binA vyavahAra kA samyak saMcAlana nahIM hotA / artha vAcya hai aura zabda vAcaka / hama vAcaka ke dvArA vAcya kA jJAna karate haiM / vAcaka kA samyak prayoga hotA hai to vAcya kA samyag jJAna ho jAtA hai / vAcaka kA mithyA prayoga hone para artha kA avabodha nahIM ho sakatA / naya kI vicAraNA meM vAcaka ke samyak prayoga para sUkSmatA se dhyAna diyA gayA / artha ke aneka paryAya haiM / saba paryAyoM ko eka sAtha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ananta paryAyoM ko pUre jIvana meM bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ananta paryAyoM kA pratipAdana karane ke lie ananta vAcaka caahie| hamArA zabdakoza isa apekSA kI pUrti ke lie bahuta choTA hai / isa dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai - dravya vAcya nahIM hai / hama dravya ke sAtha eka paryAya kA kathana karate haiM / eka paryAya ke vacana ke AdhAra para use vAcya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vacana kA vyavahAra vizeSa yA bheda ke AdhAra para hotA hai / artha naya ke dvArA abheda yA sAmAnya kA avabodha hotA hai / abheda meM zabda pradhAna nahIM hotA, artha pradhAna hotA hai / zabda naya meM artha kA bodha zabda ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| usameM zabda pradhAna hotA hai, artha pradhAna nahIM hotA / pratyakSa jJAna meM vAcya-vAcaka kA sambandha khojanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / parokSa jJAna meM vAcya-vAcaka ke sambandha kI khoja anivArya hai| artha kA zabdAzrayI jJAna cintana aura bhASA-donoM ko nayA AyAma detA hai / zabdAzrayI artha jJAna kA eka dRSTikoNa hai - dIrghakAlika paryAya kI eka rUpa meM svIkRti, jaise - amuka manuSya thA, hai, aura hogaa| ___kozakAroM ne eka artha kA jJAna karAne ke lie paryAyavAcI yA ekArthaka zabdoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai / samabhirUDha naya kI dRSTi meM yaha prayatna nirarthaka hai / eka artha yA paryAya kA jJAna eka zabda ke dvArA ho sakatA hai| dUsarA zabda vAcaka nahIM ho sakatA / tar3itavAn aura dhArAdhara-donoM megha ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM, kintu tar3itavAn zabda kA nirmANa vidyuta ke kAraNa huA hai aura dhArAdhara zabda kA nirmANa dhArA nipAta

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naya, anekAnta aura vicAra ke niyama ke kAraNa huA hai| isalie ye do paryAya haiM / eka zabda ina donoM paryAyoM kA vAcaka nahIM ho sktaa| hara paryAya kI abhivyakti ke lie eka nae zabda kI apekSA hotI hai| zabda artha kA bodha karAne ke lie jisa samaya arthakriyAkArI ho, usakA jo paryAya vidyamAna ho, usakA vAcaka zabda samyak artha jJAna karA sakatA hai| manuSya zabda ke dvArA manuSya saMjJaka artha kA bodha hotA hai / zabda naya kI dRSTi meM yaha samyak prayoga hai / evaMbhUta naya arthakriyAkArI paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai, isalie manana kriyA ke abhAva meM manuSya nAmaka prANI ko manuSya nahIM mAnatA / jo manana karatA hai, vaha manuSya hai, isalie manuSya zabda manana kriyA ke kSaNa meM manuSya kA vAcaka banatA hai / ghaTa kA udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai / zabda naya kI vicAraNA meM eka nizcita AkAra vAlA miTTI kA pAtra ghaTa kahalAtA hai / jalAharaNa aura jaladhAraNa kI kriyA meM jo pravRtta nahIM hai, evaMbhUta naya, use ghaTa zabda kA vAcya nahIM mAnatA / zabda naya - ghaTa ghaTa hai, bhale phira vaha jalAharaNa kI kriyA meM pravRtta ho yA nahIM / evaMbhUta naya - ghaTa isalie ghaTa hai ki vaha jalAharaNa kI kriyA kara rahA hai / jisa kSaNa vaha jalAharaNa kI kriyA nahIM kara rahA hai, usa samaya vaha ghaTa nahIM hai| evaMbhUta naya kA dRSTikoNa arthajJAna kA vizuddha dRSTikoNa hai| usake AdhAra para ruDhi se mukta hokara, gatizIla cintana kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai / vicAra ke niyama naya ke AdhAra para vicAra ke ATha niyama banate haiM - 1. dravya vAstavika hai / usI ke AdhAra para vicAra kA vikAsa huA hai / 2. dravya zUnya vicAra avAstavika hai| use kalpanA se adhika mahattva nahIM diyA jA sakatA / jisakA . arthakriyAkAritva spaSTa hai, use kAlpanika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / samagra dravya ko jAnA nahIM jA sakatA-dravya ke saba paryAyoM ko eka sAtha jAnane kI hamAre jJAna meM sAmarthya nahIM hai| samagra dravya ko abheda vRtti aura abhedopacAra se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai / dravya ko sAkSAt jAnane kA sAmarthya nahIM hai| use paryAya ke mAdhyama se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| eka samaya meM eka paryAya ko hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| eka paryAya ke jJAna ke AdhAra para bhAvI ananta paryAyoM kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI, isalie sApekSa satya kI vyAkhyA karanA ucita hai / __ astitva nirapekSa satya hai / usakA paryAya ke AdhAra para anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usakA sAkSAt jJAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / OM OM OM OM

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jaina dArzanika siddhAnta siddhezvara bhaTTa jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko tAttvika aura naitika ina do prakAroM meM vargIkRta kara pRthak-pRthak rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai, tathApi ina donoM ke anyonyAzrita hone tathA eka-dUsare meM ghule mile hone se hama eka sAtha hI inakA vicAra kareMge / isa vizva ke nirmANa ke kAraNa-rUpa do carama padArthoM ko jaina darzana meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo jIva aura ajIva ke nAma se pukAre gaye haiN| padArtha ko sat yA dravya kahA gayA hai| donoM dravya pRthak guNa-yukta hone se yahA~ tAttvika dvaitavAda milatA hai, parantu saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se, kyoMki saba dravyAtmaka hI hai, ekatattvavAda ko bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina tattvajJAna kI bauddha jJAna tattva kI taraha yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM Izvara ke rUpa meM kisI vizvetara carama sattA ko vizva kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vizva anAdi hai, Izvara-nirmita nahIM / jaina tattvajJAna kI dUsarI vizeSatA samanvayAtmaka dRSTi hai, jisake antargata ekatattvavAda, dvaitavAda, bahutattvavAda Adi samasta virodhoM kA sAmaJjasyapUrNa samAdhAna ho jAtA hai / isameM aupaniSadika nityavAda aura bauddha kSaNikavAda, cArvAka kA jar3avAda aura vedAnta ke adhyAtmavAda Adi kA sundara samanvaya prApta hotA hai / jaina tattvajJAna meM padArtha ko anantadharmAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / padArtha apane astitva meM nitya hai, parantu yaha nityatA parivartanahInatA yA avinAzitA kI dyotaka nahIM / nitya kA tAtparya hai, padArtha ke maulika svarUpa kA zAzvata rahanA - tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / padArtha kA guNa-rUpa zAzvata nahIM, apitu parivartanazIla hai / zAzvata hone ke kAraNa pratyeka padArtha dhrauvyAtmaka arthAt nitya hai aura azAzvata hone ke kAraNa usakA guNarUpa utpAda-vyayAtmaka arthAt utpanna aura naSTa hone vAlA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka padArtha utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka hai| isI ko jaina dharma meM tripadI kahate haiN| padArtha meM vyaya aura dhrauvya donoM kA honA Atmavirodha nahIM hai, kyoMki eka hI padArtha eka dRSTi se sthAyI aura dUsarI dRSTi se parivartanazIla hotA hai| koI bhI padArtha na to pUrNataH sthAyI hai aura na pUrNataH kSaNika / / tAttvika dRSTi se mUlataH do padArtha haiM - jIva aura ajIva / ajIva ke punaH pA~ca prakAra haiM - pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / ina sabakA Age vistAra se vivecana kiyA jAegA / kAla

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jaina dArzanika siddhAnta ko chor3akara zeSa saba dravya skandha rUpa haiM aura isIliye astikAya haiM / astikAya se tAtparya usa padArtha se hai, jisakA astitva ho aura jo 'pradeza-yukta' ho, arthAt sthAna gheratA ho / isa dRSTi se padArthoM kA dvividha vargIkaraNa ho sakatA hai - astikAya aura anastikAya, jaisA ki nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hai - padArtha anastikAya astikAya kAla jIva ajIva 4 pudgala 1. dharma 2. adharma 3. AkAza pudgala rUpavAn aura indriyagata hai, jabaki dharma, adharma aura AkAza rUparahita haiM / cetanA aura bhautikatA kI dRSTi se bhI mUlataH padArthoM kA dvividha vargIkaraNa hotA hai, jo nimna tAlikA dvArA vyakta hai - padArtha acetana (ajIva) cetana (jIva) bhautika (pudgala) abhautika 1. dharma 2. adharma 3. AkAza 4. kAla uparilikhita tAlikA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki padArtha mAtra cetana aura acetana na hokara, acetana ke antargata punaH bhautika aura abhautika rUpa hote haiN| samasta vizva kevala ina padArthoM se hI nirmita hai| jIva aura ajIva tattva karma ke mAdhyama se paraspara saMyukta ho sRSTi-krama kA nirmANa karate haiM / yadyapi tAttvika dRSTi se padArthoM kA dvividha vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, naitika dRSTi se nau prakAra ke tattvoM kA bheda kiyA gayA hai - (1) jIva (2) ajIva (3) Asrava (4) puNya (5) pApa (6) bandha (7) saMvara (8) nirjarA (9) mokSa / ina nau tattvoM meM jIva aura ajIva ke padArthoM ko samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai / hama ina nau tattvoM para kramazaH vicAra kareMge /

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jIva jaina darzana meM cetana dravya yA padArtha ko jIva ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai - cetanA lakSaNo jiivH| vaise, jIva kI apekSA AtmA zabda kA prayoga adhika upayukta hai / AtmA ko bandhana kI avasthA meM hI jIva kahA jAtA hai / parantu AtmA aura jIva kA yaha bheda sadA dhyAna meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai / jIva kI 'cetanA' ko upayoga yA bodha ke nAma se bhI pukArA gayA hai| jIva saMkhyA meM asaMkhya haiM, parantu saba guNoM meM samAna haiN| isa taraha jaina darzana meM bahujIvavAda meM guNAtmaka sArUpya aura parimANAtmaka bAhulya milatA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra sampUrNa vizva asaMkhya jIvoM se bharA par3A hai / ise hama jaina darzana meM sarvajIvavAda kA tattva kaha sakate haiM / pratyeka jIva yadyapi svatantra aura pRthak hai, para vaha anya jIvoM aura tattvoM ke sAtha sambandha rakha sakatA hai / bandhana kI avasthA meM jIva-ajIva arthAt deha se sambandhita rahatA hai / deha jIva se janita nahIM para mAtra usakA taTastha guNa hai| usakA deha ke sAtha samavAya sambandha hai / vaha aura usakA viziSTa guNa donoM deha ke sAtha samavyApI haiM / jisa taraha dIpaka kA prakAza eka ghar3e meM sarvatra vyApta hotA hai, vaise hI jIva deha meM sarvavyApI hotA hai| yadi ghar3A choTA hotA hai to rozanI kA vistAra choTA aura yadi ghar3A bar3A hotA hai to rozanI kA vistAra bar3A hotA hai, isI taraha jIva bhI deha ke vistAra ke anusAra saMkucana-vistAra prApta karatA hai / jIva kA dehAnusAra saMkucana-vistaraNa jaina darzana kI eka anokhI mAnyatA hai / jIva ko eka astikAya mAnA gayA hai, jisameM asaMkhya pradeza hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha ghaTa-bar3ha sakatA hai| anya saba padArthoM kI taraha jIva bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI prakriyA ke adhIna hai / jIva ke do pakSa hote haiM, jinheM dravya-paryAya aura guNa-paryAya kahate haiN| dravya-paryAya zAzvata rahatA hai, jaba ki guNa-paryAya parivartanazIla hai| pratyeka jIva apane mUla svarUpa meM zuddha, buddha evaM mukta hai| isa avasthA meM vaha nirmala darpaNa yA svaccha jala kI taraha hotA hai / isa sthiti meM yaha tIna ratnoM aura cAra anantoM se yukta rahatA hai, jinheM kramazaH samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak caritra tathA ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya kahA gayA hai| zuddha aura mukta avasthA meM ye triratna aura ananta-catuSTaya sabhI jIvoM meM samAna hote haiM / parantu bandhana kI avasthA meM ye karmoM ke AvaraNa se Dhaka jAne se unameM bheda ho jAtA hai / ve ajIva ke samparka meM Akara, vibhinna prakAra kI deha dhAraNa kara lete haiM / unake jJAna meM bhI karmAnusAra bheda ho jAtA hai| karmoM ke isa AvaraNa se, jise bandha kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, jIva ke maulika guNa triratna, ananta-catuSTaya Adi kabhI naSTa nahIM hote / ve to mAtra Dhaka jAte haiM, jisa taraha sUrya bAdaloM se AcchAdita ho jAtA hai yA miTTI ke kaNa darpaNa ke prakAza ko Dhaka dete haiM / jIvagata ye vikRtiyA~ aura jIvoM kA pArasparika vaiSamya Agantuka hai, karmamUlaka hai, svAbhAvika nahIM hai / ina vaiSamyoM ke kAraNa jIva ke do prakAra mAne jA sakate haiM - zuddha jIva jo mukta haiM, tathA saMsArI jIva jo vikRta haiM / yaha vikRti, jaisA ki Upara batAyA gayA hai, karma kA pariNAma hai| ajJAna aura rAga-dveSa karma ke kAraNa haiM / samyak darzana se samyak jJAna kI aura samyak jJAna se samyak caritra kI prApti hotI hai| isase karma kA kSaya hotA hai aura mokSa kI prApti hotI hai|

Page #19
jaina dArzanika siddhAnta cetanA yA upayoga jIva kA lakSaNa haiN| usake do prakAra haiM - nirAkAra aura sAkAra / nirAkAra ke cAra prakAra haiM - cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevala darzana / sAkAra ke ATha prakAra haiMmatijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna, kevalajJAna, mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna aura avadhi ajnyaan| jIva meM kramAnusAra inakI kramika upasthiti yA anupasthiti rahatI hai / kevalajJAna hI pUrNa satya jJAna hai, jo kevala mukta jIva prApta karatA hai| baddha jIva karma ke bandhana ke kAraNa kevalajJAna-sampanna nahIM ho sktaa| baddha jIva ke do prakAra haiM - sthAvara yA acala aura trasa yA cala / vanaspati Adi ekendriya aura acala hone se sthAvara haiN| ekendriya jIva yA to bRhat yA sUkSma hote haiM / trasa jIvoM meM do yA tIna yA cAra yA pA~ca indriyoM se yukta hone ke AdhAra para punaH bheda ho jAtA hai| paMca-indriya-sampanna bhI punaH samanaska aura amanaska ina do bhedoM meM vibhAjita haiN| __ jIvoM meM karmasaMyoga se tIna prakAra kI zubha aura pA~ca prakAra kI azubha vikRtiyA~ hotI haiM / zubha vikRtiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM - (1) prazastarAga arthAt siddhoM, arhatoM, sAdhuoM Adi ke prati sneha evaM zraddhA tathA dhArmika kAryoM ko karane kI icchA (2) anukampA arthAt, bhUkhe, pyAse, dIna-duHkhI Adi jIvoM ke prati dayA (3) krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi se vimukti / pA~ca azubha vikRtiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM - (1) pramAdabahula caryA (2) kAluSya (3) viSayalaulya (4) paraparitApa (5) parApavAda / baddha jIvoM ke pA~ca prakAra ke dehoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai - (1) audArika arthAt bhautika (2) vaikriya arthAt lacIle dravya se nirmita (3) AhAraka (4) taijas (5) kArmaNa / inameM se pratyeka paravartI deha apane pUrvavartiyoM se sUkSmatara hotA hai| prathama cAra ke mAdhyama se jIva anubhava prApta karatA hai, ataH inheM sopayoga aura antima ko nirupayoga kahate haiM / ajIva jisa padArtha meM cetanA kA abhAva ho, use ajIva kahate haiM / yaha jIva kI hI taraha nitya aura anantadharmA hotA hai| samasta acara vizva ajIva kA hI pariNAma hai / jIva ke sAnnidhya se ajIva vizva kI utpatti kA kAraNa rUpa hai| ajIva pA~ca prakAra ke haiM - pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / bhautika aNuoM ko pudgala kahate haiM / inheM isaliye pudgala kahA jAtA hai ki inameM saMyoga aura viyoga kI prakriyA hotI rahatI hai - pudayanti galanti ca / svarUpa kI dRSTi se pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiM - aNu aura skandha / jo apane meM hI Adi, madhya aura anta vAlA ho tathA avibhakta ho, use aNu yA paramANu kahate haiM / ye rUparahita hone se indriyagata nahIM hote haiM / aNubheda se utpanna hote haiM (bhedAdaNuH) / ataH inheM kAryaparamANu kahate haiM / guNa kI dRSTi se aNu pA~ca prakAra ke aNuoM kA nirmANa karate haiM, kAraNa-paramANu kahe jAte haiM / eka se adhika aNuoM ke saMyoga se skandha aNu kA nirmANa hotA hai / yaha svarUpin aura indriyagata hotA hai|

Page #20
jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA dharma vaha tattva hai jo jIva aura pudgala tattvoM kI svAbhAvika gati ko calAye rakhe / yaha eka, sarvavyApI, sthira, zAzvata aura rUpahIna tattva hai| yaha jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati kA kAraNa nahIM, apitu sahakArI mAtra hai / jisa taraha pAnI machalI kI gati kA kAraNa nahIM, sahAyaka mAtra hai, usI taraha jIva va pudgala meM gati kA sAmarthya svAbhAvika hai, para use kAryAnvita dharma kI sahAyatA se hI kiyA jA sakatA jIva aura pudgaloM kI agati yA sthiratA kA AdhAra rUpa tattva adharma hai| dharma kI taraha yaha bhI agati kA kAraNa na hokara sahAyaka mAtra hai| ___ astikAya dravya pradezavAn hone se sthAna gherate haiM / jo dravya anya samasta dravyoM ko avakAza pradAna karatA hai, AkAza kahA jAtA hai / AkAza ke do vibhAga haiM - lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / lokAkAza vaha hai, jisameM vizva ke samasta padArtha samAhita haiM / vizva se pare kA AkAza alokAkAza hai jo padArtha-zUnya hai / dharma aura adharma lokAkAza meM sarvatra vyApta haiN|| jaina tattvajJAna ke anusAra pratyeka dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hotA hai / jo dravya anya dravyoM ke dazA-parivartana meM sahAyaka ho, kAla kahalAtA hai| pratyeka padArtha apane paryAya rUpa meM parivartanazIla hai| binA kAla parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai| kAla ke do prakAra haiM - pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika yA smy| pAramArthika kAla hI mUla kAla hai jo zAzvata tattva hai / vyAvahArika kAla pAramArthika kAla kA sImita rUpa mAtra hai, aura usakA Adi aura anta hotA hai / kAla ekapradezIya hI hone se aNu rUpa hai aura ananta aNuoM se milakara banA hai| Astrava jIva aura ajIva svabhAvataH bhinna, pRthak evaM svatantra dravya haiM, parantu isa samasta vyAvahArika vizva meM donoM saMyukta pAye jAte haiM / yadi ye donoM dravya svatantra evaM pRthak haiM to donoM meM samAgama kaise hotA hai ? isI samasyA kI vyAkhyA ke liye Asrava ke tattva ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jIva aura ajIva ko jor3ane vAlA tattva Asrava kahalAtA hai| Asrava hI AtmA kI vikRti aura bandha kA kAraNa hai| AzrUyate'nena karma iti / Asrava hI AtmA kI vikRti aura bandha kA kAraNa hai| isameM karma ke pudgala AtmA se cipaka jAte haiM aura usake svabhAva ko AvRta kara dete haiM / karmoM kA jIva se saMyukta honA hI Asrava hai / isa prakriyA ko samajhAne ke liye do prakAra ke dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| jisa taraha zahara kA gaMdA pAnI nAliyoM meM bahakara tAlAba meM ekatrita hotA hai aura tAlAba kI nirmalatA ko naSTa kara use gandA kara detA hai, usI taraha isa saMsAra kI viSaya-vAsanA kA mala mana, vAcA aura kAyA ke mAdhyama se AtmA meM ekatrita ho, use vikRta kara detA hai / athavA, jisa taraha eka svaccha dhule hue gIle vastra ke Upara dhUla ke kaNa AkAra cipaka jAte haiM aura usakI nirmalatA ko AvRta kara dete haiM, usI taraha karma ke pudgala AtmA se cipakakara, usake zuddha svarUpa ko AvRtta kara dete haiM /

Page #21
jaina dArzanika siddhAnta 11 Asrava do prakAra ke hote haiM - bhAvAzrava aura dravyAzrava / AtmA kI vaha vikRti, jisase usameM karma-praveza saMbhava ho, bhAvAzrava hai / dravyAzrava karma pudgala hai, jo AtmA meM praviSTa hotA hai / bhAvAzrava ke pA~ca kAraNa hote haiM - (1) mithyAtva (2) avirata (3) pramAda (4) kaSAya aura (5) yog| (1) jisake kAraNa jIva satya ko asatya aura asatya ko satya, hita ko ahita aura ahita ko hita tathA ajIva ko hI jIva samajhe, use mithyAtva kahate haiM / (2) indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM na rakhakara doSoM se virata na honA avirata kahalAtA hai| (3) karttavya ke prati asAvadhAnI pramAda kahalAtI hai| (4) kaSAya usa bhAva ko kahate haiM jo jIva ke svAbhAvika guNoM kA nAza karatA hai| yaha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - krodha, mada, lobha aura mAyA / mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti ko yoga kahate haiN| tadanusAra tIna prakAra ke yoga hote haiM - manoyoga, kAyAyoga aura vAcAyoga / yoga hI Asrava kA mUla kAraNa hai| bhAvAzrava karma pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai| isake liye karma karanA par3atA hai| dravyAzrava bhAvAzrava se uttejita karmoM kA phala hai| ye ATha prakAra ke hote haiM, jinheM antarAya kahA jAtA hai / inakA vistRta vivecana Age karma ke ATha prakAroM ke nAma se kiyA jAvegA / puNya zubha karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa puNya kA upArjana hotA hai / yaha bhI bandhana ko hI utpanna karatA hai| puNya pA~ca prakAra ke mAne jAte haiM - dAna puNya, mAnasika puNya, vAcA puNya, kAyA puNya aura namaskAra puNya / namaskAra puNya ke antargata anna-puNya, pAna-puNya, vastra-puNya, layana (AvAsa)-puNya aura zayanapuNya Ate haiN| pApa azubha karmoM se pApa kI prApti hotI hai| ye aThAraha prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM - hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya, parigraha, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, matsara, mAyA, dveSa, kleza, kisI para jhUThA doSa lagAnA, cugalI karanA, nindA, mithyAtva, aura ve saba kriyAe~ jinase bhaya, zoka, kisI strI yA puruSa se prema yA kisI vastu se Asakti utpanna ho yA jisameM kisI kI anucita hasI ho / ina saba pApoM meM hiMsA sabase bar3A pApa mAnI gayI hai| ina pApoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIva duHkha ko prApta karatA hai| bandha Asrava, cAhe zubha ho yA azubha, bandhana kA kAraNa hotA hai| zubha Asrava se devagati aura azubha Asrava se adhogati prApta hotI hai| zubha aura azubha Asrava ko hI kramazaH puNya aura pApa kahA jAtA hai / jaba taka karmakSaya ke dvArA Asrava kA vinAza nahIM hotA, taba taka mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI / do prakAra ke Asrava para AdhArita do prakAra ke bandha haiM - bhAva-bandha aura dravya-bandha / vaha cetana kI kaSAya dazA, jisake dvArA jIva kA karma se saMsarga hotA hai, bhAvabandha hai / karma ke aNuoM kA jIva meM praveza hone ko dravya-bandha kahate haiM /

Page #22
' 12 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA cAra prakAra ke bandha kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai - prakRti-bandha, sthiti-bandha, anubhAga-bandha aura pradeza-bandha / prakRti-bandha ke antargata ATha prakAra ke karmoM dvArA nisRta AvaraNa AtA hai / jIva ke samasta pradezoM meM karma-aNuoM kA praveza pradeza-bandha kahA jAtA hai / karma-aNuoM kA jIva meM anavarata AcchAdita karanA bandha kahA jAtA hai| karma-aNuoM meM prabhAvotpAdaka kSamatA, jisase jIva ko sukha duHkhAdi ke anubhava prApta hote haiM, anubhAga-bandha kahA jAtA hai / jIva meM, jaisA Upara kahA gayA hai, cAra prakAra ke ananta hote haiM / indriya viSaya ina anantoM ke utpAdaka nahIM varan avaccheka haiN| ye ananta jIva meM naisargika rUpa se nihita haiM, para viSaya-bhoga inheM AvRta kara detA hai| ajIva se saMsarga jIva ko viSayonmukhI banA detA hai, kyoMki ajIva indriyamaya hai aura indriyA~ viSayonmukhI haiM / ataH jitanA adhika ghanA viSayoM ke prati rAga hogA, utanA adhika ghanA bandha hogA aura Anantya se utanI hI dUrI hogii| usake viparIta jitanA adhika ajIva-janita AvaraNa kA vinAza hogA, utanA adhika Anantya se sAmIpya hogA / saMvara karma ke kSaya se bandhana kA viccheda hotA hai aura mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / isake liye do kramika upAya haiM - saMvara aura nirjarA / karma ke kSaya kA tAtparya hai, Asrava ke pravAha ko rokanA aura jisase Asrava rukatA hai, use saMvara kahate haiN| saMvara-se naye karmoM kA pravAha ruka jAtA hai| saMvara ke antargata jaina dharma meM aneka vidhi-niSedhoM kA vidhAna hai, jinakI carcA hama Age jaina AcAra dharma ke antargata caritrAcAra meM kreNge| Asrava evaM bandha kI taraha saMvara ke bhI do prakAra haiM - bhAvasaMvara aura dravyasaMvara / usa mAnasika vRtti kA nirodha jo karmapraveza ko saMbhava banAtI hai, bhAvasaMvara kahalAtA hai / karma ke aNuoM ke praveza kA rukAva dravyasaMvara kahalAtA hai| saMvara mokSa kI prApti kA sabase mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai / nirjarA saMvara se naye karmoM kA pravAha ruka jAtA hai, parantu saMcita karma naSTa nahIM hote / isake liye nirjarA kA vidhAna hai| akelA saMvara mukti ke liye paryApta nahIM / naukA meM chidroM dvArA pAnI AnA Asrava hai| chidra banda karake pAnI rokanA saMvara hai / jo pAnI andara A cukA hai - use ulIcanA hI nirjarA hai / nirjarA kA artha hai - jarjarita kara denA, jhAr3a denA / nirjarA ke do prakAra haiM - aupakramika yA avipAka tathA anaupakramika yA savipAka / karma kA paripAka hone ke pahale hI tapa Adi ke dvArA yA viziSTa sAdhanA se balAt karmoM ko udaya meM lAkara jhAr3a denA aupakramika nirjarA hai| apanI niyata avadhi pUrNa hone para svataH karmoM kA udaya meM AnA aura phala dekara haTa jAnA anaupakramika nirjarA hai| yaha pratyeka prANI ko pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai| tapasyA dvArA saMcita karmoM ko kSINa karanA hI mukhya nirjarA hai / parantu yaha sAdhanA sarala nahIM

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13 jaina dArzanika siddhAnta hai| isake liye samasta padArthoM meM anAsakti va AtmaniSThA apekSita hai| isa prakAra kI kaThora sAdhanA ko sakAma nirjarA kahate haiM / mokSa jaba karmakSaya se bandha ko vinaSTa kara jIva apane naisargika zuddha caitanya svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai, usa sthiti ko mokSa kahate haiM / aisA jIva siddha kahalAtA hai| usameM ananta catuSTayoM - ananta zraddhA, ananta jJAna, ananta vIrya aura ananta zAMti punaH abhivyakti hone lagatI hai| vaha loka meM nivAsa karatA huA samAja ke parama maMgalaM ke sampAdana meM lagA rahatA hai| yaha niSkarma dazA hotI hai, jisameM samasta karmajanita bandhana naSTa ho jAte haiM / mukta dazA meM AtmA azarIra, anindriya, ananta caitanyaghana, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI Adi ho jAtA hai / vaha samasta vikAroM se mukta ho jAtA hai aura phira kabhI bhI vikAragrasta nahIM hotaa| isa taraha mokSadazA zAzvata hotI hai / mokSa-lAbha hI mAnava jIvana kA carama aura parama puruSArtha hai / yahI samasta sAdhanAoM kA sAra hai| guNasthAna siddhAvasthA taka pahu~cane ke liye mumukSu kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa usI kSaNa nahIM ho sakatA, pratyuta use isa utkrAnti mArga meM apanI naitika unnati ke anusAra kramazaH bar3hanA par3atA hai / mokSa-mArga ke ina sopAnoM ko jaina dharma meM guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| guNa kA tAtparya hai - jIva kI vizeSatA yA bhAva aura sthAna kA tAtparya hai - unakI vibhinna-starIya sthitiyA~ / jIva ke pA~ca prakAra ke bhAva haiM - 1. karmoM ke udaya se hone vAlA bhAva, jise audayika kahate haiM / 2. karmoM ke kSaya se hone vAlA bhAva, jise kSAyika kahate haiM / 3. kaSAya ke zamana se hone vAlA bhAva, jise aupazamika kahate haiM / 4. kSayopazama se hone vAlA bhAva, jise kSayopazamika kahate haiM / 5. jo karmoM ke udaya Adi se na hokara svAbhAvika ho, use pAriNAmika kahate haiM / guNasthAna 14 haiM, jo jIva kI nimnatama avasthA se lekara uccatama avasthA taka kA sparza karate haiM / ye nimnalikhita haiM - 1. mithyAtva - jo jIva kI bhramita evaM vivekahIna dazA kA sUcaka hai| 2. sAsAdana granthibheda - isameM sadasad kA kucha viveka udaya hone lagatA hai / 3. mizradRSTi - isameM mithyAtva aura samyaktva kI mizra dazA rahatI hai / 4. avirata samyagdRSTi - isameM samyagdRSTi yA satyajJAna hotA hai, para Atma-saMyama nahIM hotaa| 5. dezavirati - isameM AtmasaMyama AMzika rUpa se prApta hotA hai /

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14 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 6. pramatta saMyata - isameM AtmasaMyama hotA to pUrNa hai, parantu kadAcit cyuta hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| 7. apramatta saMyata - isameM acyutapUrNa AtmasaMyama hotA hai / 8. nivRtti bAdara saMparAya - apUrvakaraNa kA AcaraNa karane vAlA vaha jIva, jisameM vAsanA sthUla rUpa meM rahatI hai| 9. anivRtti bAdara saMparAya - anivRttikaraNa kA AcaraNa karane vAlA, jisameM apUrvabhAvoM ___ kA anubhava hotA hai tathA vAsanA bhI rahatI hai / 10. sUkSmasaMparAya - isa sthiti meM vAsanA sUkSma rUpa se rahatI hai / 11. upazAMtamoha - isameM vAsanA kA damana mAtra hotA hai aura sarvajJatA prApta nahIM hotI hai / 12. kSINamoha - isame vAsanA kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, para sarvajJatA prApta nahIM hotii| 13. sayogI kevalI - isameM jIva sarvajJa ho jAtA hai, para karmarata rahatA hai| 14. ayogI kevalI - isameM jIva sarvajJa ho jAtA hai aura karmavirata bhI ho jAtA hai / ye guNasthAna isa tathya para AdhArita haiM ki jIva para karmoM ke AvaraNa kI gahanatA aneka-starIya hai| ataH jIva ke svAbhAvika guNoM ke hAsa evaM vikAsa kI dazAe~ bhI aneka haiM / moTe taura para inheM tIna prakAroM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai - 1. mithyAdarzI - bahirAtmA, 2. samyagdarzI - antarAtmA, 3. sarvadarzI - paramAtmA / caudaha guNasthAnoM meM se prathama tIna bhUmikA taka kA jIva bahirAtmA kahalAtA hai, cauthI se bArahavIM taka kA antarAtmA aura zeSa do bhUmikA vAlA paramAtmA kahalAtA hai / vaise to jIva kA utthAna-pravAha vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, tathApi sugamatA hetu se 14 prakAra ke guNasthAnoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| vizva ke samasta jIvoM kA, unakI cAhe koI bhI avasthA kyoM na ho, antarbhAva kisI na kisI guNasthAna meM avazya ho jAtA hai| __ AcAra dharma- Upara jaina dharma ke tattvajJAna para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| aba hama usake AcAra pakSa kA vicAra kareMge / mukti ke mArga para calane ke liye jIva kI sAMsArika sthiti ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue do pRthak mArgoM kA vidhAna hai - agAra dharma aura anagAra dharma / gRhastha-jIvana vyatIta karate hue mukti mArga kI sAdhanA karanA agAra dharma hai, jise zrAvaka dharma bhI kahate haiM / jo viziSTa sAdhaka gRhatyAga kara sAdhu-jIvana aMgIkAra karate haiM, unakA AcAra anagAra dharma kahalAtA hai| yadyapi zrAvaka aura sAdhu mukti kI sAdhanA ke liye jina vratoM kA pAlana karate haiM, ve mUlataH eka hI haiM, parantu donoM kI

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15 jaina dArzanika siddhAnta paristhitiyA~ bhinna hotI haiM / ataH unake vrata-pAlana kI maryAdA meM bhI bhinnatA hotI hai| jina vratoM kA sAdhu kaThoratApUrvaka pAlana kara sakatA hai, unheM zrAvaka AMzika rUpa se hI pAlana kara sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhuoM ko mahAvratI aura zrAvakoM ko aNuvratI kahate haiM / __ ratnatrayI- jisa taraha hindU dharma zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana ko mokSa-prApti kA sAdhana mAnate hai, usI taraha jaina dharma bhI samyag darzana, samyag jJAna aura samyak caritra nAmaka ratnatrayI kA pratipAdana karate hai| darzana kA tAtparya hai jaina dharmazAstroM evaM dharmAcAryoM tathA unake upadezoM meM zraddhA / zraddhA jJAna ko sArthaka karatI hai| binA zraddhA jJAna kA mUlya nahIM aura na hI zraddhA ke binA jJAna kI prApti hI hotI hai| sadvicAra kI dRr3hatA yA sthiratA hI zraddhA hai| zraddhA meM viveka hai, andhavizvAsa nahIM / samyak dRSTi vAle manuSya kI bhAvanA nATaka ke pAtra ke samAna ho jAtI hai| jo sukha-duHkha uThAte hue bhI apane ko sukhI yA duHkhI nahIM samajhatA / use ihaloka-bhaya, paraloka-bhaya, vedanA-bhaya, maraNa-bhaya, corI kA bhaya, apamAna kA bhaya aura Akasmika bhaya nahIM hotA / samyaktva prApta hone para usakI bhAvanA 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' jaisI ho jAtI hai| bandha kA mUla kAraNa ajJAna janita kaSAya hai| ataH jJAna se hI bandha kA nivAraNa saMbhava hai| zAstroM dvArA pratipAdita samasta siddhAntoM evaM tattvoM kA yathArtha evaM gaMbhIra jJAna prApta karanA bhI zraddhA ke samAna Avazyaka evaM upAdeya hai| zravaNa kiye gaye siddhAntoM para manana kara sahI jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| sahI jJAna vaha hai, jo muktidAyaka hai / jJAna ke do prakAra haiM - zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna / kevalajJAna, zrutajJAna kI parAkASThA hai / isake antargata prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga Ate haiN| prathamAnuyoga dvArA jIvana ke puruSArthoM kI prApti hotI hai| karaNAnuyoga dvArA samaya kA parivartana, sthAnoM kA vibhAga aura jIvana kI cAroM avasthAoM kA jJAna hotA hai / caraNAnuyoga se kartavya-akartavya kA jJAna hotA hai / dravyAnuyoga dvArA tattvajJAna prApta hotA hai / samyag darzana aura samyag jJAna kI caritArthatA samyag caritra meM hotI hai| jisa jJAna ko caritranirmANa meM upayoga nahIM, vaha samyag jJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jJAna ke siddhAntoM ko yadi jIvana meM nahIM utArA jAe, vyavahAra meM yadi unakA AcaraNa nahIM kiyA jAe to ve vyartha haiM / samyak caritra sarvottama aura sarvAdhika mahattva kA hai, kyoMki isa se hI mukti kI prApti hotI hai| dharmavidhi- samyag dRSTi, samyag jJAna aura samyak caritra kI prApti ke liye jaina dharma meM kucha vidhi-niSedhoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, jinheM dharmavidhi aura caritrAcAra kahate haiM / hama pahale dharmavidhi aura bAda meM caritrAcAra kA varNana kareMge / dharmavidhi ke antargata vibhinna prakAra ke vratoM kA samAveza hotA hai / jIvana ko saMyamita karane vAlI maryAdAe~ niyama kahalAtI haiM aura sArvabhauma niyama vrata kahe jAte haiN| 1. mahAvrata - samasta prakAra ke vratoM meM mahAvrata sarvazreSTha haiM / ye pA~ca haiM - (1) ahiMsA -

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16 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA mana, vacana aura karma se hiMsA nahIM karanA, karavAnA nahIM aura na hI karane vAloM kA anumodana karanA / (2) satya - satya, hitakArI aura priya vacana bolanA, asatya bhASaNa nahIM karanA, karavAnA nahIM aura karane vAloM kA anumodana karanA nahIM / (3) asteya - corI nahIM karanA aura dUsaroM kI girI huI yA bhUlI huI vastu nahIM uThAnA / vastu jIva ke vikAsa kA sAdhana hai / ataH corI karanA dUsaroM ke jIvana ke vikAsa ko avaruddha karanA hai / (4) brahmacarya - vivAha nahIM karanA aura indriyasaMyama rakhanA / (5) aparigraha - sAMsArika vastuoM meM mamatA na rakhakara, unakA tyAga karanA / ina mahAvratoM ke deza-kAla se abAdhita hone se inakA anivArya rUpa se pAlana honA cAhiye / ina vratoM kA saMnyAsiyoM ko dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karanA hotA hai, jabaki zrAvakoM ko yathAzakti inakA pAlana karanA cAhiye / isIliye zrAvakoM ke liye inheM aNuvrata kahate haiM / ye mUlavrata haiM / ina mUla vratoM ko madya, mAMsa, madirA Adi ke tyAga ke sAtha mUlaguNa ke nAma se pukArate haiM / 2. guNavrata - mahAvratoM aura aNuvratoM kA acchI taraha se pAlana ho sake, isake liye kucha aura bhI vrata batAye gaye haiM, jinheM guNavrata aura zikSAvrata kahate haiM / guNavrata nimnalikhita haiM - (1) digavrata - amuka dizA meM amuka dUrI taka hI calanA ityAdi paryaTana para niyantraNa isameM AtA hai| isase vicaraNakSetra sImita hone se tRSNA aura AvazyakatAyeM ghaTa jAtI haiM / (2) bhogopabhoga-saMyamavrata - khAne, pIne, pahinane Adi meM saMyama rakhanA, jisase ki mana aura indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhA jA ske| upayoga kI vastuyeM maryAdita rakhanA aura AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM kA upayoga nahIM karanA / (3) anarthadaMDatyAgavata - jina bAtoM yA kAryoM se hiMsA hotI ho, unakA parityAga karanA / ___3. zikSAvrata - guNavratoM ke alAvA cAra zikSAvrata bhI pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM, jinakA lakSya jIva ko bhautika moha se chur3Akara, zAnti evaM zuddhi pradAna karanA hai| ye nimnalikhita haiM - (1) sAmAyika - rAga-dveSa kA parityAga karanA, duHkha meM anudvigna aura sukha meM niHspRha honA / isake liye stuti, vandana, pATha, dhyAna aura tapa karanA cAhiye / (2) pratikramaNa - pApa kA prAyazcita karanA aura punaH pApa nahIM karanA / (3) pauSadha - vizeSa avasaroM para upavAsa karanA (4) vaiyAvRtya - pAtroM ko dAna Adi denaa| 4. caritrAcAra - dharmavidhi kA mahattva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya kara mokSa ke mArga ko prazasta karanA hai| yaha nirjarA ke antargata AtA hai| isase pUrva saMvara kI prakriyA hotI hai, jisameM caritrAcAra ke niyamoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ye nimnalikhita haiM - (1) yatidharma - kSamA, mArdava (amada), Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, brahmacarya aura aakiNcny| (2) gupti - gupti kA tAtparya hai rakSA karanA / tIna prakAra ke yogoM - manoyoga, vAcAyoga aura kAyAyoga - ko vaza meM rakhanA tathA unheM asatya pravRtti se haTAkara, AtmAbhimukha karanA hI trigupti kahalAtA hai| manogupti meM manoyoga para saMyama hotA hai| isake antargata kisI prakAra ke bure vicAra mana meM nahIM lAne

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___ 17 jaina dArzanika siddhAnta hote haiN| isase ekAgratA kI prApti hotI hai| vAcAgupti ke antargata vANI para saMyama rakhanA hotA hai| asatya yA apriya vacana kA niSedha isake antargata AtA hai| isase nirvikAratA prApta hotI hai| kAyAgupti meM zarIra para niyantraNa rakhA jAtA hai / (3) AcAra - pavitra kArya karanA AcAra kahalAtA hai| ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM - jJAnAcAra (zAstroM ko par3hanA), darzanAcAra (tattvoM kA jJAna), caritrAcAra (azubha kA parityAga aura zubha kA AcaraNa), tapAcAra (tapa karanA) aura vIryAcAra (apanI zakti kA sadupayoga krnaa)| (4) bhAvanA - hRdaya meM pavitra bhAva rakhanA bhAvanA kahalAtI hai| bhAvanA se doSa sUkSma ho jAte haiM / mana kI kaluSatA bhAvanA se naSTa ho jAtI hai / bhAvanA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai - maitrI - ahiMsA niSedhAtmaka guNa hai aura maitrI usakA vidhAyaka pakSa hai / manuSya ko na kevala samasta prANiyoM kI hiMsA se hI virata rahanA cAhiye varan unakI sahAyatA bhI karanI cAhiye / ___ pramoda - isakA tAtparya dUsaroM ke sukha, zAnti, samRddhi evaM aizvarya ko dekhakara, IrSyA na karate hue prasanna honA hai| kAruNya - isakA artha dIna aura duHkhI prANiyoM kI sevA karanA hai / mAdhyastha - jo ajJAnI hai, unake prati upekSA kI bhAvanA na rakhanA aura krodha nahIM karanA mAdhyastha kahalAtA hai| (5) anuprekSA - ina cAra bhAvanAoM ke atirikta anya bAraha prakAra kI bhAvanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinakA cintana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / (6) samitiyA~ - samiti kA tAtparya sadAcAra yA uttama vyavahAra hotA hai| samitiyA~ pA~ca haiM(1) IryA samiti - nIce kI ora dekhakara calanA, jisase jIva hiMsA na ho (2) bhASA-samiti - satya, priya evaM hitakArI vacana bolanA tathA vANI meM niSkapaTa mAdhurya honA / (3) eSaNA-samiti - apavitra vastuoM kI icchA na karanA / (4) AdAna-nikSepaNa-samiti- vastuoM ko jhAr3a-poMchakara, unakA AdAna-pradAna karanA / (5) utsarga-samiti - malamUtra kA nikSepaNa isa prakAra karanA ki usameM doSa yA jIvahAni na ho| (7) anAcIrNa - bAvana aise niSiddha karma haiM, jinakA AcaraNa nahIM karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| inheM anAcIrNa kahate haiN| (8) nityakarma - sAdhanA meM nitya sphUrtatA ke liye cha: nityakarmoM kA vidhAna hai - (1) sAmAyika arthAt dvandva-vimukha samabhAva (2) stavana - tIrthaMkaroM kA guNa-kIrtana (3) vandanA - paMca parameSThiyoM kA pUjana aura pUjanIya puruSoM kA Adara karanA (4) pratikramaNa - azubha se

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18 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA nivRtti aura prAyazcita (5) kAyotsarga - zarIra se mamatva haTAne kA abhyAsa (6) pratyAkhyAna - bure karmoM kA tyAga / __(9) pariSaha - Upara batAye gaye vidhAna sAdhAraNa logoM ke liye haiM, para saMnyAsiyoM ke liye kucha adhika kaThora niyama banAye gaye haiM / pratyeka saMnyAsI ko bAIsa prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karanA par3atA hai, jinheM pariSaha kahate haiM / ye nimnAnusAra haiM - bhUkha, pyAsa, sardI, garmI Adi ko sahana karanA, nagna rahanA, yAcanA nahIM karanA, rati nahIM karanA, kisI bhI vastu kA lobha nahIM karanA, macchara Adi jIvajantuoM ko kATane denA, roga hone denA, duHkha nahIM karanA, dveSa nahIM karanA, acchI jagaha sone ko na mile to duHkha na karanA, dUsaroM ke krodha karane para bhI kSamA karanA, koI mAre to duHkha nahIM karanA, Avazyaka vastuyeM na mileM to duHkha nahIM karanA, calane meM kaSTa hone para va pairoM meM kaMTakAdi lagane para duHkha na karanA, zarIra para maila rahane kA daHkha na mAnanA. koI nindA kare to use sahanA, apane jJAna ke abhimAna ko rokanA, siddhi na milane para duHkha na karanA, koI apanI prazaMsA yA ApakI nindA kare to samAna bhAva rakhanA, kisI prakAra kI masIbata sAmane Aye to sahana karanA aura kartavya se cyata na honaa| jaina dharma kI mokSa-sAdhanA-vidhi vizva kI kaThoratama sAdhanAvidhi hai| isameM jina vratoM, saMyamoM kA vidhAna hai, unakA pAlana karane ke liye eka vizeSa taraha kI jIvana-paddhati Avazyaka hai| jaina sAdhu vairAgya aura tyAga kI sAkSAt pratimA hote hai| unheM jIvana-paryanta zramaNatva banAye rakhane ke liye nirantara jAgrata rahane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / saMlekhanA vrata - jaina dharma kA sabase anupama vrata svecchA se mRtyu ko aMgIkAra karanA hai, jise saMlekhanA vrata kahate haiM / yahA~ mRtyu ko mokSa-prApti meM sahAyaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / mahAvIra svAmI kA kathana hai, 'mRtyu se bhayabhIta honA ajJAna kA phala hai / mRtyu koI vikarAla daitya nahIM hai / mRtyu manuSya kA mitra hai, aura usake jIvana bhara kI kaThora sAdhanA ko satphala kI ora le jAtI hai| mRtyu sahAyaka na bane to manuSya aihika dharmAnuSThAna kA pAralaukika phala - svarga aura mokSa - kaise prApta kara sakatA hai ? jaina dharma kA sandeza yaha hai ki jaba taka jIo, viveka aura Ananda se jIo, dhyAna aura samAdhi kI tanmayatA meM jIo, ahiMsA aura satya ke prasAra ke liye jIo aura jaba mRtyu Aye taba AtmasAdhanA kI pUrNatA ke lie punarjanma meM apane AdhyAtmika lakSya siddhi ke liye mRtyu kA bhI samAdhipUrvaka varaNa karo / ' mRtyu ke samaya yadi sAdhaka moha kA tyAga nahIM kara pAyA to usake samasta prayAsa vyartha ho jAte haiM aura vaha siddhi se vaMcita raha jAtA hai / ataH isake liye abhyAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| aThAraha prakAra kI mRtyuoM meM vibheda karake samAdhi-maraNa ko sarvazreSTha batalAyA gayA hai| samAdhimaraNa aMgIkAra karane vAlA mahAsAdhaka saba prakAra kI moha-mamatA ko dUra karake, zuddha AtmA-svarUpa ke cintana meM lIna hokara samaya-yApana karatA hai / karmavAda- sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM meM eka aise tattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai| use svIkAra kiye binA jIvoM meM pratyakSa dRSTigocara hone vAlI viSamatA kI, tathA eka hI jIva

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19 jaina dArzanika siddhAnta meM vibhinna kAloM meM hone vAlI virUpa avasthAoM kI saMgati kisI bhI prakAra sambhava nahIM hai| isa tattva ko 'karma' ke nAma se pukArA gayA hai| pratyeka dharma meM karma kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hai| parantu jaina dharma meM pratipAdita karma kA siddhAnta apane DhaMga kA anUThA hai| isameM karma ko paudgalika mAnA gayA hai| karma-dravya sampUrNa vizva meM sUkSma kaNa ke rUpa meM vyApta hai / vahI karma-dravya yoga ke dvArA sampUrNa vizva meM sUkSma kaNa ke rUpa meM vyApta hai / vahI karma-dravya yoga ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiM aura 'karma' kahalAne lagate haiN| pratyeka jIva svabhAvataH zuddha, buddha aura mukta hai| karma vijAtIya dravya hone se jIva meM vikRti utpanna karate haiM aura use parAdhIna banAte haiM / isa taraha karma ke dvArA AtmA bandhana ko prApta hotA hai| karma jIva ko AcchAdita karane vAlA sUkSma AvaraNa hai| yaha apane paramANuoM dvArA samasta jIva ko ghere rahatA hai / karmabaddha AtmA vizva kI samasta vastuoM ko anukUla aura pratikUla mAnakara do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta letA hai| yahI rAga-dveSavRttiyoM kA udgama-sthala hai| inhIM vRttiyoM se karma-dravyoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| jaba taka AtmA meM rAga-dveSa kI sattA hai, taba taka pratyeka kriyA karma kA rUpa dhAraNa kara AtmA ke liye bandhanakAraka banatI jAtI hai / mUlataH karma do prakAra ke haiM - dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / paudgalika aNu dravyakarma haiM / rAgadveSa Adi viSaya bhAvakarma haiN| donoM meM dvimukha kAryakAraNabhAva hai / dravyakarma se bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma se dravyakarma kI utpatti hotI hai / Azaya yaha hai ki pUrvasaMcita dravyakarma jaba apanA vipAka dete haiM to jIva meM bhAvakarma aura una bhAvakarmoM se punaH dravyakarma utpanna hote haiM / yaha krama anAdi hai, parantu usakA anta ho sakatA hai| jaina granthoM meM karma ke prabhAva kI dRSTi se ATha bhedoM aura aneka upabhedoM kA varNana bar3e vistAra meM milatA hai / karma ke ATha bheda nimnalikhita haiM - (1) darzanAvaraNIya - yaha sAmAnya avalokana ko avarUddha karatA hai| (2) jJAnAvaraNIya - isase yathArtha tattvajJAna avaruddha hotA hai / (3) vedanIya - isake prabhAva se sukha aura duHkha kI saMvedanA hotI hai / (4) mohanIya - isake prabhAva se manovikAra utpanna hote haiM, jo samyag darzana aura samyak caritra meM bAdhaka hote haiN| (5) Ayukarma - isase Ayu yA jIvana-avadhi nizcita hotI hai| (6) nAmakarma - isase vibhinna yoniyA~ aura gati nirdhArita hotI haiM / (7) gotrakarma - isase bhAvI janma kA kula, jAti, paristhiti Adi kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai / (8) antarAyakarma - isase satkarma karane aura abhISTa kI prApti meM bAdhA pahu~catI hai /

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20 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jIvoM kA karma se anAdi-kAla se sambandha calA AyA hai| alaga-alaga samaya meM alaga-alaga karma ke pudgala jIva ke sAtha sambandhita hote rahate haiM / purAne karmoM kA kSaya hotA rahatA hai aura naye karma saMyojita hote rahate haiN| isa taraha bandhana kI avasthA meM jIva kabhI bhI karma se mukta nahIM hotA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA ke vidhAnoM ke antargata pratipAdita AcAroM se. karma kA kSaya hotA hai| jyoM-jyoM karma kA adhikAdhika kSaya hotA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM jIva kA svAbhAvika svarUpa prakaTa hotA jAtA hai / jaba pUrNatayA karmakSaya hotA hai, taba mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jIva karma karane meM svatantra hotA hai, parantu karma kA phala bhogane meM karma ke adhIna hotA hai| 'zubha karo zubha hogA', 'azubha karo azubha hogA' - yahI karmavAda kA siddhAnta hai| 'AtmA hI sukha aura duHkha utpanna karane aura na karane vAlA hai / AtmA hI sadAcAra se mitra aura durAcAra se amitra hai / ' phala dene ke liye karma svayaM zaktimAn hai / isake liye use kisI anya zakti kI apekSA nhiiN| kisI rahasyAtmaka yA IzvarIya sattA kI parAdhInatA ko jaina dharma asvIkAra karatA hai| zubhAzubha phala dene kI zakti karma svayaM rakhate haiM / parivartita honA paramANuoM kA svayaM kA guNa hai / yaha kisI Izvara kI zakti para avalambita nahIM hai / hamArI kriyA karma ke paramANuoM ko hamArI AtmA ke sAtha jor3atI hai| nirIzvaravAda - vizva ke adhikAMza dharmoM meM eka sarvocca, sarvazaktimAn aura sarvavyApaka sattA ke rUpa meM Izvara kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| jaina dharma meM, isake viparIta, Izvara ke astitva kA hI khaMr3ana kiyA gayA hai| hindUdharma meM jagat ke kartA evaM rakSaka ke rUpa meM jo eka Izvara kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, usakA mahAvIra svAmI ne sabala yuktiyoM ke AdhAra para khaMDana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / syAdvAdamaJjarI Adi paravartI jaina darzana-granthoM meM ye yuktiyA~ paryApta vistAra evaM sUkSmatA ke sAtha vyakta huI haiM / jaina darzana meM vizva ke jar3a aura cetana padArtha anAdi aura ananta mAne gaye haiM / inakA koI kartA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vizva kA vaicitrya karmoM kA phala mAne gaye hai| yadyapi yahA~ eka sarvocca Izvara ke astitva ko asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai, parantu Izvaratva ke guNa ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| karma ke bandhana se rahita samasta jIva Izvara mAne gaye haiM - parikSINa sakala karmA IzvaraH / aise jIva vandanIya aura pUjanIya hote haiM / caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM ko isI rUpa meM Izvara mAnakara pUjA jAtA hai / prArthanA-mantra- vaise to jaina dharma meM aneka prArthanA-mantra haiM, parantu una sabameM parameSTi-mantra sabase adhika mahattva kA mAnA gayA hai / yaha nimnalikhita hai - Namo arihantANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANam / Namo UvajjhAyaNaM, Namo loe savva sAhUNam // arthAt, arhatoM ko namaskAra, siddhoM ko namaskAra, AcAryoM ko namaskAra, upAdhyAyoM ko namaskAra, jagat ke sabhI sAdhuoM ko namaskAra / ina pA~ca parameSTiyoM kI stuti karane vAlA yaha maMtra sarvapApa-vinAzaka aura maMgaladAyaka mAnA gayA hai|

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jaina dArzanika siddhAnta paryuSaNa parva - jaina dharma kA sabase mahattvapUrNa utsava paryuSaNa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ise zvetAmbara eka saptAha aura digambara do saptAha taka manAte haiM / isa samaya vrata, upavAsa kiye jAte haiM, upAzrayoM meM dhArmika pravacana sune jAte haiM aura anya dhArmika kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiM / paryuSaNa ke antima dina kSamAyAcanA kI vidhi kI jAtI hai| vaise, kSamAyAcanA pratidina karane kA vidhAna hai, parantu isa samaya usake karane kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA gayA hai| kSamAyAcanA karate samaya nimnalikhita mantra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai - khAmemi savve jIvA savve jIvA khamaMtu me / mitti me savva bhUyesu veraM majhaM na keNa vi // arthAt maiM saba jIvoM ko kSamA karatA hU~, saba jIva mujhe kSamA kareM / samasta jIvoM ke prati maiM maitrI bhAvanA rakhatA hU~, kisI ke prati merA vaira nahIM hai / ahiMsA - jaina dharma kI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta vizva dharma ko eka viziSTa dena hai / yadyapi yaha siddhAnta vizva ke aneka dharmoM meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, lekina jitanI mahattA se isakA pratipAdana aura jitanI dRr3hatA se isakA pAlana jaina dharma meM huA hai, utanA anyatra kahIM nahIM / 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' yaha jaina dharma kA sAra hai / yahI bhAvanA vicAra ke kSetra meM jaina darzana meM anekAntavAda meM pratiphalita hotI hai, jisase syAdvAda aura nayavAda ke siddhAnta nikalate haiN| isI se jaina AcAra meM sahiSNutA, samabhAva aura saha-astitva ke guNa prakaTa hue haiM / anekAntavAda - jaina darzana ke anusAra vicAra aneka haiM aura bahuta bAra ve paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiM, parantu unameM bhI eka sAmaJjasya hai, avirodha hai aura jo use bhalI bhA~ti dekha sakatA hai, vahI vAstava meM tattvadarzI hai / paraspara virodhI vicAroM meM avirodha kA AdhAra vastu kA anantadharmAtmaka honA hai| eka manuSya jisa rUpa meM vastu ko dekha rahA hai, usakA svarUpa utanA hI nahIM hai| manuSya kI dRSTi sImita hai, parantu vastu kA svarUpa asIma hai| usameM ananta dharma aura ananta pradeza hote haiM / pratyeka vastu dravyarUpa meM nitya hone para bhI paryAyarUpa meM asaMkhya parivartana prApta karatI hai / anekAntatA yathArtha meM vastu kI isa ananta dharmAtmakatA kA bhAna hai| apane isa siddhAnta ko samajhAte hue jaina AcArya cha: andhe aura eka hAthI vAlI kahAvata ko prastuta karate haiM / baddha mAnava andhe vyakti kI taraha alpajJAna ke kAraNa vastu kI samagratA kA jJAna prApta nahIM kara sakatA / sarvajJa mukta jIva hI vastu kA sarvAMgINa jJAna prApta kara sakatA / baddha jIva kA jJAna aura jJAnAbhivyakti ekAMgI hone se use 'syAd' zabda kA prayoga kara yaha spaSTa karanA cAhiye ki kisI eka vizeSa dRSTi se hI usakA kathana satya yA asatya yA avaktavya yA anya kisI prakAra kA hai| isI ko 'syAdvAda' ke nAma se pukArate haiM / syAdvAdI jaba vastu kA astitva prakaTa karatA hai, to vaha kevala 'asti' (hai) na kahakara 'syAdasti' kahatA hai / isase vastu meM rahe hue nAstitva Adi kA niSedha na hokara bhI astitva kA vidhAna ho jAtA hai, pratyeka vastu nijarUpa se sattA hai to pararUpa se asattA bhI hai / ghaTa ghaTa hai / yaha jitanA satya hai, utanA hI satya yaha bhI hai

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22 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ki ghaTa paTa nahIM hai / syAdvAda dvArA yaha sApekSatA acchI taraha ho jAtI hai| isake antargata sabhI dRSTiyoM ko sAta pramukha daSTiyoM meM samAhita kiyA jAtA hai, jise saptabhaMgI naya kahate haiM / ye nimnalikhita haiM - (1) syAdasti (2) syAdannAsti (3) syAdavaktavyam (4) syAdasti nAsti ca (5) syAdasti avaktavyaJca (6) syAdannAsti avaktavyam (7) syAdasti nAsti avaktavyam / sattA ke sarvAgINa jJAna va kathana ko 'pramANa' kahate haiN| isameM sattA ke sabhI pakSoM kA samAveza honA Avazyaka hai jo kAla,AtmarUpa (guNa), artha (guNoM kA AdhArarUpa dravya), sambandha, upakAra (aupAdhika guNa), guNI deza, saMsarga aura zabda (astitva) Adi haiM / apUrNa jJAna va eka dRSTi se kathana ko 'naya' kahate haiN| yaha sarvadezIya na hokara ekadezIya hotA hai tathA ananta dRSTiyoM meM se kisI eka yA kucha dRSTiyoM meM se kisI eka yA kucha dRSTiyoM se hI kathana kiyA jAtA hai / parantu aise kathana ko pUrNa kahanA 'nayAbhIsa' kahalAtA hai| naya ke do vargIkaraNa kiye gaye haiM - sAmAnya kI dRSTi se dravyArthika naya aura vizeSa kI dRSTi se paryAyArthika naya / dravya ko hI lakSya meM rakhane vAle naya ko dravyArthika naya tathA paryAya ko dRSTi meM rakhane vAle naya ko paryAyArthika naya kahate haiM / dravyArthika ke tIna prakAra haiM - naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra / paryAyAthika ke cAra prakAra haiM - RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta / (1) naigama- naigama arthAt loka-rUr3hi yA saMskAra se utpanna jJAna ko naigama kahate haiM / jo paryAya abhI niSpanna nahIM hai, use niSpanna mAnakara vyavahAra karanA naigama naya hai / (2) saMgraha - sAmAnya dharma yA tattva ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiyA gayA jJAna saMgrahanaya hai / samAna dharma ke AdhAra para vastuoM meM ekatva kI sthApanA karanA saMgrahanaya hai / (3) vyavahAra - viziSTa dharmoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara jJAna karanA vyavahAranaya hai / (4) RjusUtra - bhUta aura bhaviSya ko dhyAna meM na rakhakara vartamAna ko hI lakSya meM rakhakara kiyA gayA jJAna RjusUtranaya hai / (5) zabda - upayukta cAra naya vastu ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vicAra karate haiM, ataH inheM artha naya kahate haiM / zabda naya aura zeSa anya do naya zabda-sambandhI vicAra prastuta karate haiM / ataH ye tInoM isa dRSTi se zabda naya kahalAte haiM / zabdanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoM ko ekArthaka svIkAra karatA hai| magara unameM yadi kAla, liMga, kAraka, vacana yA upasarga kI bhinnatA ho to, unheM ekArthaka nahIM mAnA jAtA / (6) samabhirUr3ha - yaha zabdanaya se bhI Age bar3hakara vyutpatti ke bheda se bhI vastu-bheda ko svIkAra karatA hai| udAharaNArtha, isameM nRpa aura bhUpa ekArthaka nahIM hai / isameM zabda bheda se artha bheda mAnA gayA

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jaina dArzanika siddhAnta 23 (7) evaMbhUta - isake anusAra samasta pada kriyA-bodhaka haiM / ataH jaba taka vyutpatti dvArA vyakta kriyA kisI vastu meM na ho, usa vastu ko usa zabda se sambodhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kisI vyakti ko adhyApaka taba hI kahA jA sakatA hai, jaba vaha par3hA rahA ho / isa taraha jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu kA pramANa aura naya, donoM dvArA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| nayoM dvArA pradarzita satyAMza aura pramANa dvArA vyakta akhaMDa satya milakara hI vastu ke vAstavika aura sampUrNa svarUpa ke bodhaka hote haiM / jaina dharma kA vicAra evaM AcAra kA pakSa bar3A sabala hai, parantu vyavahAra meM isakA AcaraNa bar3A kaThina hai| samyag jJAna aura saMyama ke binA yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| parantu isakA AMzika AcaraNa bhI vizva meM ahiMsA tathA zAMti ke prasAra ke liye paryApta hai| Aja ke viSAdagrasta mAnava evaM hiMsA se trasta vizva ke liye jaina vicAra-AcAra ke siddhAnta nitAnta upayogI evaM lAbhaprada haiM / yaha eka praur3ha dharma hai, jisako samajhanA aura usake anusAra AcaraNa karanA Aja ke yuga kI AvazyakatA hai|

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jaina darzana meM astitva kI avadhAraNA samaNI maMgalaprajJA astitva kI avadhAraNA ke saMdarbha meM sabhI darzanoM ne vimarza kiyA hai| paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kA mukhya cintanIya bindu astitva-vimarza hI rahA hai / darzana kI anya vicAraNA isake paripArzva meM hI kendrita hai| yaha spaSTa hI hai ki vibhinna darzana evaM dArzanikoM kA astitva kI vicAraNA ke saMdarbha meM mata vaividhya hai| astitva ke sambandha meM darzana jagata meM hameM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA avabodha hotA hai| eka avadhAraNA ke anusAra tattva kUTastha hai tathA isake viparIta dUsarI vicAradhArA ke samarthaka kSaNika/ sarvathA parivartanazIla ko hI vAstavika sat mAnate haiM / jo sat ko sarvathA kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM, ve The Philosophy of Being ke samarthaka haiM aura isake viparIta jo sat ko, astitva ko savarthA anitya mAnate haiM ve The Philosophy of Becoming ke anugAmI haiM / prathama vicAradhArA ke anusAra parivartana vyAvahArika athavA pratibhAsika sat hai, vaha pAramArthika arthAt vAstavika nahIM hai| isake viparIta dvitIya vicAradhArA ke anusAra parivartana hI pAramArthika sat hai, nityatA kA anubhava saMvRti sat hai, kAlpanika hai, ajJAnajanya hai, usakA koI vAstavika astitva nahIM hai / prathama ke anusAra kUTastha dravya kI sattA hI vAstavika hai, jabaki dUsare ke anusAra dravyarahita paryAya hI vAstavika hai / The Philosophy of Being ke samarthakoM kA mantavya hai ki parivartana bhrAnti hai aura vaha ajJAna athavA mAyA ke dvArA nirmita hai / The Philosophy of Becoming arthAt kSaNikatA ke samarthakoM kA abhyupagama hai ki dravya kI kalpanA ajJAnajanya hai / svayaM ke evaM saMsAra ke prati rAga ke kAraNa vyakti dravya kI kalpanA karatA hai| bhAratIya ciMtana meM Being kI philAsaoNphI ko kUTastha dravyavAda evaM Becoming kI philAsaoNphI ko ekAnta paryAyavAda ke sambodhana se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kUTastha dravyavAda kA samarthaka zAMkara vedAnta hai| unake anusAra brahma hI satya hai tathA vaha kUTastha nitya evaM eka hai / saMsAra kI vividhatA

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jaina darzana meM astitva kI avadhAraNA 25 avAstavika hai vaha mAyAjanya hai / "brahma satyaM jagatmithyA" kA siddhAnta unake cintana kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai / mAyA ke kAraNa saMsAra kA nAnAtva dRSTigamya hotA hai / mAyA brahma virodhI hai| sAMkhya evaM yoga dvArA svIkRta puruSa bhI vedAnta ke brahma kI taraha kUTastha nitya evaM apariNAmI hai| unake anusAra pariNAma mAtra prakRti meM hotA hai / kSaNikavAda arthAt ekAnta paryAyavAda ke samarthaka bauddha haiN| inake anusAra parivartana hI satya hai| inakA dravya jaisI kisI bhI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM haiN| ye dravya ko kAlpanika/saMvRtti sat mAnate haiM / vedAnta darzana meM parivartana ko vivarta, bauddha meM pratItya samutpAda, sAMkhya meM pariNAma evaM nyAyavaizeSika meM use ArambhavAda kahA jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM aise bhI dArzanika haiM jo The Philosophy of Being aura The Philosophy of Becoming donoM kA eka sAtha sApekSa astitva svIkAra karate haiM / isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka jaina ciMtaka haiN| unake anusAra astitva dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai / nityatA evaM parivartana donoM yugapat vastu ke svabhAva hai / utpAda evaM vyaya bhI utane hI satya hai, jitanI dhruvatA / dhruvatA bhI utanI hI satya jitane utpAda evaM vyaya / nityatA evaM anityatA ke eka sAtha astitva ke binA vastu jagata kI parikalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI / astitva ubhayAtmaka hai / jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra 'dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu' (pramANamImAMsA) vastu kA svarUpa dravya paryAyAtmaka hai / paryAya se rahita dravya evaM dravya se rahita paryAya kA astitva nahIM hai| dravyaM paryAyavarjitaM, paryAyA dravyavarjitAH / kva kadA kena kiMrupA dRSTA mAnena kena vA // (syAdvAdamaMjarI 5) jaina darzana meM sat, dravya, tattva, tattvArtha evaM padArtha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH eka hI artha meM hotA rahA hai| jo sat rupa padArtha hai, vahI dravya hai| jaina paramparA meM sat ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' (tattvArthasUtra 5/29) utpAda, vyaya evaM dhruvatA kA sahAvasthAna jisameM hai, vahI sat hai evaM sat hI dravya kA lakSaNa hai, "sad dravyalakSaNam" jo dravya hai, vahI sat hai, tathA jo sat hai, vahI dravya hai| paMcAstikAya meM AcArya kundakunda bhI isI tathya ko udghATita karate hue kahate davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU // sattA aura dravya paraspara ananya hai / guNa evaM paryAya bhI dravya se pRthak nahIM hai / dravya evaM paryAya kI pRthak-pRthak sattA nahIM hai / mAtra prajJA se usakI pRthak kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, dravya evaM paryAya donoM hI vastu ke svarUpa haiM / dravya ke pradeza jitane haiM, utane hI raheMge, dravya ke pradeza na utpanna hote haiM aura na naSTa hote haiM, isalie ve dhruva haiM / dravya ke pradezoM meM pariNamana hotA hai, vaha utpAda evaM vyaya hai / ataH vaha anitya bhI hai|

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26 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA vastu kA svarUpa dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai, ataH usakI avagati ke kAraka naya bhI do svIkAra kiye gaye haiM - dravyArthikanaya evaM paryAyArthikanaya / vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka hai| vastu ke abheda svarupa/sAmAnya svarupa kA grAhaka naya dravyAthika hai / isa naya ke anusAra vastu sarvathA utpAda-vyaya se rahita hai / vastu na utpanna hotI hai, na naSTa hotI hai / sanmatitarka meM kahA gayA - "davvadviyassa savvaM sayA aNuppaNNamaviNaTuM" (1/11) paryAyArthika naya kI vaktavya vastu dravyArthika naya kI dRSTi meM asadbhUta hai / sanmatitarka meM hI kahA gayA - "taha pajjavavatthu avatthumeva davvaTThiyaNayassa" paryAyArthika naya vastu ke pariNamana svarupa kA grAhaka hai| usake anusAra vastu utpAda-vyayAtmaka svarupa vAlI hI hai / parivartana vastu kA svabhAvagata svarupa hai, vastu meM parivartana honA avazyaMbhAvI hai| "uppajaMti viyaMti ya bhAvA NiyemeNa pajjavaNassa" (sa.1/11) isa naya ke anusAra sAmAnya, abheda, dravya jaisA vastu kA koI svarUpa nahIM hai| kahA bhI hai"davvaTThiyavattavvaM avatthu NiyameNa pajjavaNayassa" paryAyArthika naya ke anusAra dhruvatA kI avadhAraNA avAstavika hai / ina donoM naya ke viSaya paraspara virodhI pratIta ho rahe haiM, kintu ve vastu ke mUla svarupa haiM / ina donoM nayoM kA saMyukta viSaya hI vastu kA mUla svarUpa hai| ye donoM naya paraspara sApekSa hokara hI vastu rupa kI vyavasthA kara sakate haiN| paraspara nirapekSa hokara ye svayaM mithyA ho jAte haiM / donoM naya alaga-alaga mithyAdRSTi isalie haiM ki donoM meM se kisI bhI eka naya kA viSaya sat kA lakSaNa nahIM banatA / jaba ye donoM naya eka dUsare se nirapekSa hokara kevala svaviSaya ko hI sadarupa mAnane kA Agraha karate haiM. taba ye mithyArupa haiM. paranta jaba ye donoM naya paraspara sApekSa rupa se pravRta hote haiM arthAt dUsare pratipakSI kA naya kA nirasana kie binA, usake viSaya meM mAtra taTastha rahakara apane vaktavya ko prastuta karate haiM, taba ye samyak kahe jAte haiM "tamhA savve vi NayA micchAdiTThI sapakkhapaDibaddhA / aNNoNNaNissiyA uNa havaMti sammattasabbhAvA // vastu kA svarupa ubhayAtmaka hai, dravya paryAyAtmaka hai, isalie unake saMbodhaka naya bhI dvividha haiM / naya do prakAra ke haiM / ataH vastu ubhayAtmaka hai / yaha vaktavya asaMgata hai / cUMki vastu dvayAtmaka hai, ataH naya bhI dvividha haiM, yaha vaktavya samIcIna hai / vastu tattvamImAMsA ke antargata hai, jabaki naya jJAnamImAMsIya tathya haiN| astitva kI mImAMsA dravya evaM paryAya ke AdhAra para hI kI jA sakatI hai / astitva meM parivartanazIla evaM aparivartanazIla donoM taraha ke dharma upasthita rahate haiM / dhruvatA astitva ke aparivartana dharma kI saMvAhaka hai evaM utpAda evaM vyaya vastu ke parivartana svarupa ke dyotaka haiM / AcArya mahAprajJa ke

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jaina darzana meM astitva kI avadhAraNA 27 zabdoM meM - "pratyeka tattva nitya aura anitya ina donoM dharmoM kI svAbhAvika samanviti hai / tattva kA astitva dhruva hai, isalie vaha nitya hai| dhruva pariNamana zUnya nahIM hotA aura pariNamana dhruva zUnya nahIM hotA, isalie vaha anitya hai| ........ utpAda aura vyaya ye donoM pariNamana ke AdhAra para banate haiM aura dhrauvya unakA anvayIsUtra hai| .... bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratyeka tattva kI vyAkhyA pariNAmI nityatvavAda ke AdhAra para kI / unase pUchA gayA - 'AtmA nitya hai, yA anitya ? pudgala nitya hai, yA anitya ? unhoMne eka hI uttara diyA - astitva kabhI samApta nahIM hotA / isa apekSA se ve nitya haiM / pariNamana kA krama kabhI avaruddha nahIM hotA, isa dRSTi se ve anitya haiM / samagratA kI bhASA meM na nitya haiM, na anitya, kiMtu nityAnitya haiM / " (jaina darzana aura anekAnta pR.17-18) jaina darzana nityavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai, kiMtu usakA nitya 'pariNAmI nitya' hai / parivartana hone ke bAvajUda bhI 'tadbhAva' kA nAza na honA hI nityatA hai - "tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam" (tattvArthasUtra 5/30) yaha nityatA parivartana saMyukta hai, isameM nityatA kA vizeSa svarupa parilakSita ho rahA hai / "pariNAmI nityatvavAda" jaina darzana kA viziSTa abhyupagama hai| pA~ca astikAya nirapekSa astitva haiM / unakA astitva kisI anya sattA ke sApekSa nahIM hai, ve svataH hai| unameM hone vAle paryAyoM kA sApekSa astitva hai| "astitva meM parivartita hone kI kSamatA hai| astitva dUsare kSaNa meM rahane ke lie usake anurUpa apane Apa meM parivartana karatA hai, aura tabhI vaha dUsare kSaNa meM apanI sattA ko banAe rakha sakatA hai / " (jaina darzana aura anekAnta 21) parivartana svAbhAvika evaM prAyogika do prakAra ke hote haiM / svAbhAvika parivartana meM bAhya nimitta kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| vaha vastu kA svarupagata svabhAva hai / nirantara vastu meM sahaja pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya evaM mukta AtmA meM svAbhAvika parivartana hI hotA hai| unameM prAyogika parivartana nahIM hotA / pudgala tathA karmabaddha jIva ke svAbhAvika evaM prAyogika donoM hI prakAra ke parivartana hote haiM / jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM svAbhAvika evaM prAyogika donoM hI prakAra ke parivartana hote haiN| jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM svAbhAvika parivartana ko arthaparyAya evaM prAyogika parivartana ko vyaJjanaparyAya kahA jAtA hai / dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kA Azraya sthala hai/AdhAra hai / 'guNaparyAyavad dravyam' (tattvArtha sUtra) dravya meM sahabhAvI evaM kramabhAvI do prakAra ke dharma pAe jAte haiM / sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa evaM kramabhAvI dharma ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai - "sahabhAvino guNAH kramabhAvinaH paryAyAH / " sAmAnya evaM vizeSa ke bheda se guNa do prakAra ke haiM / jo guNa sabhI dravyoM meM prApta hote haiM, ve sAmAnya guNa kahalAte haiM / astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pradezatva evaM agurulaghutva ye chaH sAmAnya guNa mAne jAte haiM / "dravyAnuyogatarkaNA" meM 10 sAmAnya guNoM kA bhI ullekha hai| vizeSa guNa pratyeka vastu ke apane-apane hote haiM, unakI saMkhyA 16 mAnI jAtI hai| kucha graMthoM meM saMkhyA bheda bhI haiM / siddhasena divAkara Adi kucha jainAcArya guNa aura paryAya kA pRthak astitva svIkAra nahIM karate / unake anusAra

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28 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA guNa vastu kA paryAya vizeSa hI hai, yadi guNa kI paryAya se pRthak sattA hotI to dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika naya kI taraha AgamoM meM guNArthika naya kA bhI ullekha hotaa| AgamoM meM naya ke do hI prakAra upalabdha hai, ataH guNa kA paryAya se bhinna astitva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / siddhasena guNa aura paryAya ke sambandha meM abhedavAdI hai / adhikAMza jainAcAryoM ne guNa aura paryAya kI pRthak sattA svIkAra kI hai / guNa aura paryAya ke svarupa ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karate haiM, taba guNa aura paryAya kA vaividhya spaSTa parilakSita ho rahA hai / guNa dravya ke sAtha nirantara sahagAmI hai, isake viparIta paryAya kA dravya ke sAtha usI rupa meM sahagamana nahIM hai / usakA nirantara nayA-nayA utpAda hotA rahatA hai| paryAya, dravya evaM guNa donoM kA Azraya letI hai arthAt dravya evaM guNa donoM ke hI paryAya hotI haiM / ___ vastu ke abhedAtmaka svarupa kA bodhaka dravya hai, usake bhedAtmaka svarupa ko paryAya abhivyakta karatA hai / bheda ke binA vyavahAra kA saMcAlana nahIM ho sakatA / vyavahAra jagata meM vastu kA bhedAtmaka svarupa adhika sphuTa hotA hai / vastu meM bheda saMkSepa meM do prakAra kA hotA hai - 'vyaJjananiyata' aura 'arthaniyata' sanmatitarka prakaraNa meM isa tathya ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA gayA - "jo uNa samAsao cciya vaMjaNaNiao ya atyaNiao ya" vyaJjananiyata vibhAga zabda sApekSa hotA haiM, tathA arthaniyata vibhAga zabda nirapekSa hotA hai / arthaniyata vibhAga zabda kA vAcya nahIM bana sakatA / vastu ke zabda niyata vyavahAra ko vyaJjanaparyAya evaM arthaniyataM vyavahAra ko arthaparyAya kahA jAtA hai| arthaparyAya sabhI dravyoM meM hotI haiM, vaha vastu mAtra kA svAbhAvika pariNamana hai / vyaJjanaparyAya pudgala evaM karmabaddha jIva ke hI hotI hai, anya dravyoM meM nahIM hotI hai / vastu kA sthUla evaM kAlAntara sthAyI bheda jo zabda kA vAcya bana sakatA hai, vaha vyaJjanaparyAya hai - "sthUlaH kAlAntarasthAyI zabdAnAM saMketaviSayo vyaJjanaparyAyaH" (jaina siddhAnta dIpikA) ___ vastu ke sAmAnya svarupa para kalpita ananta bhedoM kI paramparA meM jitanA sadRza pariNAma pravAha vyaJjanaparyAya kahalAtA hai| vastu kA jo pariNAma zabda kA viSaya nahIM banatA, anabhilApya rahatA hai, kiMtu pratikSaNa vastu meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai, vaha arthaparyAya hai| arthaparyAya zabda evaM saMketa kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatI / vaha sUkSma evaM vartamAnavartI hI hotI hai / vastu kA vaha parivartana jo indriyajJAna kA viSaya nahIM banatA vaha arthaparyAya hai "sUkSmo vartamAnavI arthapariNAmaH arthaparyAyaH" (jaina siddhAnta dIpikA) pratyeka vastu meM pratikSaNa pariNamana ho rahA hai| vastu pratikSaNa naI-naI avasthAoM ko dhAraNa kara rahI haiM, vaha parivartana itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki usako zabda apanA viSaya nahIM banA sakatA / sthUla udAharaNa ke dvArA vyaJjana evaM arthaparyAya ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaise cetana padArtha kA "jIvatva" sAmAnya svarupa hai| usakI kAla, karma Adi upAdhikRta saMsAritva, manuSyatva, puruSatva Adi

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20 jaina darzana meM astitva kI avadhAraNA bheda vAlI choTI-bar3I aneka paramparAe~ haiN| unameM puruSa, puruSa jaisI samAna pratIti kA viSaya aura eka puruSa zabda pratipAdya jo sadRza pravAha hai, vaha vyaJjanaparyAya hai aura usa puruSa rupa sadRza pravAha meM jo sUkSmatama bheda hai, vaha arthaparyAya hai| vyaJjanaparyAya ko vyakta evaM vibhAva paryAya bhI kahA jAtA hai tathA arthaparyAya ko svabhAva evaM avyakta paryAya bhI kahA jAtA hai / dravya kI vyavahAra jagata meM prasphuTita avasthAe~ vyaJjana paryAya haiM / vyaJjana paryAya vyavahArya hai| saMsAra kA sArA vyavahAra isa paryAya para hI nirbhara karatA hai| upayogitA kI dRSTi se vyavahAra jagata meM vyaJjana paryAya kA bahuta mahattva hai| arthaparyAya evaM dravya to indriyajJAna ke viSaya hI nahIM bana sakate tathA inake dvArA vyavahAra jagata saMcAlita nahIM ho sakatA / vyavahAra meM upayogI vyaJjana paryAya hai| vastu ko jaba vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhate haiM, taba usakA paryAyAtmaka svarupa hamAre samakSa hotA hai| jaba usako saMzleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa se nihArate hai, usakA dravyAtmaka svarUpa hamAre dRSTipatha meM AtA hai / "aparyayaM vastu samasyamAnadravyametacca vivicyamAnam" (anyayogavyacchedikA 23) vastu kA svarupa ubhayAtmaka hai| jJAtA yA vaktA apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra vastu ke vivakSita dharma ko pradhAna evaM anya ko gauNa kara detA hai / yaha pradhAnatA yA gauNatA vastu jagata meM nahIM hai, vahA~ to vastu kA jo svarupa hai vaisA hI rahatA hai, kiMtu upayogitA ke kSetra meM Ane para upayogakartA una dharmoM ko mukhya evaM pradhAna banA detA hai / vastu kI ubhayAtmaka kI siddhi pradhAnatA evaM gauNatA ke AdhAra para hI hotI hai| "arpitAnarpitasiddheH" (tattvArthasUtra 5/31) astitva parivartana evaM aparivartana kA samavAya hai / 'athire paloI thire no paloI' (bhagavatI, 1/440) vastu kA sthira aMza parivartita nahIM hotA, asthirAMza parivartana kA viSaya banatA hai| jaina pariNAmavAda ke siddhAnta ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya donoM meM parivartana hotA haiM / paryAya jo naSTa ho gaI hai, usakA punarAgamana nahIM hotA / dravya jo sarva paryAyoM meM anusyUta rahatA hai vaha bhI pariNAma kA viSaya banatA hai / dravya parivartana meM gujarakara bhI apane astitva ko nahIM chor3atA jaina-darzana ke anusAra dravya kA navInIkaraNa hone para bhI vaha sthira rahatA hai /

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dravya-guNa-paryAya : bhedAbheda samaNI RjuprajJA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratyeka tattva kI vyAkhyA 'pariNAmI nityavAda' ke AdhAra para kI hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra vizva kA koI bhI tattva na sarvathA nitya hai aura na sarvathA anitya, apitu pratyeka tattva nitya aura anitya kI svAbhAvika samanviti hai / tattva kA astitva dhruva hai, isalie vaha nitya hai, kintu dhruva pariNamanazUnya nahIM hotA isalie vaha anitya bhI hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kI samanvita avasthA sat kahalAtI hai / dravya vahI hai jo sat ho / bauddha dArzanika sat ko ekAnta anitya evaM vedAntI sat ko ekAnta nitya mAnate haiM / parantu jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka tattva utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tIna dharmoM kA samavAya hai| utpAda aura vyaya parivartana ke sUcaka haiM tathA dhrauvya aparivartana athavA sthiratA kA sUcaka hai / bhagavatI sUtra kA 'athire pallohaI thire na pallohaI isI tathya kA saMketa karatA hai / vastu kA asthirAMza utpAdavyaya yA paryAya kahalAtA hai tathA sthirAMza dhrauvya athavA dravya kahalAtA hai| dravya-guNa-paryAya ke pArasparika sambandha ko jAnane se pUrva saMkSepa meM inake svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| dravya __ jaina-sAhitya meM upalabdha dravya ke vivecana ko aneka dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA (1) uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM 'guNANAmAsao davva' kahakara guNoM ke piNDa ko dravya kahA gayA hai| (2) AcArya umAsvAti , kuMdakuMda-pUjyapAda Adi ne guNa ke sAtha paryAya zabda kI saMyojanA karate hue kahA - dravya vaha hai, jo guNa-paryAya se yukta hai| (3) tattvArthasUtra meM 'utpAda vyaya dhauvya yuktaM sat sad dravya lakSaNam' kahakara dravya kA lakSaNa sat kiyaa|

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31 dravya-guNa-paryAya : bhedAbheda (4) paMcAstikAya meM saptabhaMgI ke AdhAra para dravya ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai / (5) dhavalA tathA kaSAyapAhur3a meM trikAlI paryAyoM ke piNDa ko dravya kahA gayA hai / guNa - uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM guNa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - egadavvasiyA guNA' arthAt jo dravyAzrita hai, vaha guNa hai| vaizeSika sUtra meM bhI guNa ko dravyAzrita mAnA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne Agamika paramparA kA avalambana lete hue bhI vaizeSika sUtra kA upayoga karake guNa kA lakSaNa kiyA 'dravyAzrayA nirguNa guNAH' arthAt guNa vaha hai, jo dravya ke Azrita hai, kintu svayaM nirguNa hai / dravyAnuyogatarkaNA, jainasiddhAnta dIpikA Adi granthoM meM dravya ke sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kahA hai| paryAya - guNa kI taraha paryAya bhI dravya kA dharma hai / guNa nirantara dravya ke sAtha rahatA hai, kintu paryAya badalatI rahatI hai ataH kahA gayA 'anvayino guNAH, vyatirekiNaH paryAyAH' / arthAt guNa dravya kA anvayI dharma hai aura paryAya vyatirekI / uttarAdhyayanasUtra'12 ke anusAra jo dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita rahate haiM, unheM paryAya kahate haiM / vAcaka ne paryAya ko pariNAma ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| __ arthAt pariNAma paryAya kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM pUrva AkAra kA tyAga aura uttara AkAra ke grahaNa ko paryAya kahA hai / dravya-guNa aura paryAya kI saMkSipta vivecanA se sahaja jijJAsA hotI hai ki ina tInoM meM pArasparika kyA sambandha hai ? ye eka dUsare se pRthak haiM yA apRthak ? vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna alaga-alaga diyA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya kI bhinnAbhinnatA ko lekara mukhya rUpa se cAra pakSa banate haiN| (1) dravya-guNa-paryAya kA bhedAbheda (2) dravya-guNa kA bhedAbheda (3) dravya-paryAya kA bhedAbheda (4) guNa-paryAya kA bhedAbheda dravya-guNa-paryAya kA bhedAbheda - jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM na to ekAntataH bheda hai aura na hI ekAntataH abheda hai, apitu bhedAbheda hai / dravya-guNa-paryAya kathaJcita bhinna haiM / isa bheda ko hama tIna prakAra se samajha sakate haiM - nAma, saMkhyA aura lakSaNa / 13 (1) nAmakRtabhinnatA - dravya-guNa-paryAya ityAdi nAmoM se tInoM meM paraspara bhinnatA hai|

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32 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA (2) saMkhyAkRta bheda - saMkhyA arthAt gaNanA / jaise dravya chaH haiM, guNa caubIsa haiM aura paryAya ananta haiN| (3) lakSaNakRta bheda - dravya kA lakSaNa - guNa-paryAya yukta haiM / guNa kA lakSaNa - sahabhAvI dharma hai / paryAya kA lakSaNa - kramabhAvI dharma hai / isa prakAra saMjJA, saMkhyA va lakSaNa ke AdhAra para tInoM meM paraspara bheda haiM / dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA meM tInoM kI bhinnatA ko batAte hue likhA hai - 'muktAbhyaH zvetatAdibhyo muktAdAma yathA pRthak' / 14 arthAt jaise motI kI mAlA motiyoM se tathA zvetatA Adi guNa se bhinna hai, vaise hI dravya se guNa-paryAya bhinna hai| kathaMcita bhinna hote hue bhI tInoM abhinna bhI haiN| tInoM kA paraspara AdhAra -Adheya bhAva sambandha hai / dravya ke binA guNa paryAya kA Azraya nahIM hotA hai aura guNa paryAya ke binA dravya ko jAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai, ataH tInoM abhinna haiN| dravya-guNa kA bhedAbheda - jaina tattvamImAMsA kA eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai ki dravya aura guNa meM kyA sambandha hai ? ve paraspara bhinna haiM, abhinna haiM yA bhinnAbhinna / sanmatitarka prakaraNa meM ekAnta bheda aura ekAnta abheda mAnane vAle vaizeSika aura vedAntiyoM kA pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai aura unakI samIkSA kara dravya aura guNa meM bhedAbheda siddha kiyA hai| vaizeSika mata ke anusAra dravya aura guNa sarvathA bhinna hote haiM / unake anusAra utpannaM dravyaM nirguNaM niSkriyaM ca bhavati' arthAt utpanna hote samaya dravya nirguNa evaM niSkriya hotA hai, tatpazcAt samavAya sambandha se guNa evaM karma kA dravya se sambandha hotA hai / sanmatitarka prakaraNa meM bhI pUrva pakSa kI ora se dravya aura guNa kI pRthakatA ke do AdhArabhUta hetu batAye gaye haiM - 1. lakSaNa kI bhinnatA 2. grAhaka pramANa kI bhinnatA5 dravya aura guNa ke lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna haiM / dravya guNoM kA AdhAra hai, jabaki dravya guNa ke Azrita rahate haiN| dravya guNavAn hotA hai, jabaki guNa nirguNa hote haiM / dravya kriyAvAn hotA hai, jabaki guNa niSkriya hote haiM / lakSaNa kI bhAMti donoM ke grAhaka pramANa bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| ghaTa-paTa Adi dravyoM kA grahaNa eka se adhika-cakSu aura sparzana-ina do indriyoM se hotA hai, jabaki rUpa, rasa, sparza Adi guNoM ko grahaNa eka indriya sApekSa hotA hai / ataH donoM ke lakSaNa va grAhaka pramANa bhinna-bhinna hone se donoM kI pRthakatA svataH pramANita hai| abhedavAdI mata ke anusAra pratyeka dravya kI akhaNDa sattA hai / vastu meM guNakRta vibhAga nahIM hotA hai / jisa prakAra pudgala se pRthak varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza nahIM hote usI prakAra dravya ke abhAva meM guNa aura guNa ke abhAva meM dravya ke astitva kI parikalpanA hI saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH donoM meM abheda hai|

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dravya-guNa-paryAya : bhedAbheda jaina AcAryoM ne ina ekAnta pakSoM kI avadhAraNA para vistRta vivecana kara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki ekAnta bheda yA ekAnta abheda saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / umAsvAti, kundakunda, siddhasena divAkara, akalaMka, haribhadra Adi ke nAma isa sandarbha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| umAsvAti ne 'guNaparyAyavad dravyam' kahA hai| yadi unheM donoM kI svatantratA iSTa hotI to saMbhava hai ki ve dravya ke lakSaNa meM guNa aura paryAya kA ullekha nahIM karate / unhoMne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki guNa aura paryAya se rahita dravya kI buddhi se mAtra kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / vastu jagat meM inakA bheda saMbhava nahIM hai / kuMdakuMda ne bhI donoM meM avinAbhAva sambandha kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai - davveNa viNA Na guNA guNohiM davva viNA Na saMbhavadi / avvadiritto bhAvo davvaguNAMNaM havadi tamhA // 6 sanmatitarka ke kartA AcArya siddhasena ne bhI dravya aura guNa ke bhedAbheda se sambandhita prazna ko sApekSatA ke AdhAra para samAhita kiyA hai / jaina matAnusAra pratyeka dravya utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai / ise hI AdhAra banAkara bhedavAdI kahate haiM ki dravya kA lakSaNa hai - dhruvatA aura guNa kA lakSaNa hai utpAda-vyaya, ataH donoM bhinna haiN| siddhasena ke anusAra aisA mAnane para avyApti doSa AtA hai, kyoMki dravya kI taraha guNa bhI sthira rahate haiM tathA guNa kI taraha dravya meM bhI utpAda-vyaya ko guNa kA lakSaNa batAnA avyApti doSa hai / yaha lakSaNa kisI bhI sat padArtha para lAgU nahIM hotA / ataH donoM meM ekAnta bheda mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| ekAnta bheda kI taraha ekAnta abheda mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki ekAnta abhedavAda meM kartA, karma, karaNa Adi aneka kArakoM kA aura gati-Agati Adi aneka kriyAoM kA pratyakSasiddha bheda ho jAtA hai tathA zubhAzubha karma kA phala, ihaloka-paraloka, jJAna-ajJAna, baMdha-mokSa Adi yugmoM kI upapatti bhI nahIM ho sakatI / 8 AcArya akalaMka ke anusAra dravya aura guNa meM ekAntataH abheda mAnane para yA to guNa raheMge yA dravya / yadi kevala dravya ko mAneM to guNa ke abhAva meM dravya niHsvabhAva ho jAyeMge, kyoMki guNoM ke AdhAra para hI dravya ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai aura yadi kevala guNoM kI sattA mAneM to dravya ke abhAva meM guNa nirAzraya ho jAyeMge / ataH guNoM kA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA'9 ataH dravyaguNa ko sarvathA abhinna mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| AcArya siddhasena ko bhI dravya-guNa ke ekAnta bheda kI taraha ekAnta abheda mAnya nahIM hai / sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSa kA aura vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kA sadbhAva usI taraha saMbhava nahIM jisa taraha ghaTa ke abhAva meM miTTI aura miTTI ke abhAva meM ghaTa Adi / 20 abhedavAda meM eka samAna do kRSNa padArthoM kA cakSu ke sAtha sambandha hone para 'yo kRSNa varNa vAle haiM' - itanA to bodha ho jAtA hai, para vaha kisI dUsare kRSNa padArtha se ananta yA asaMkhya guNa kRSNa hai, isa bheda kA jJAna kaise siddha hogA? isI prakAra do phaloM kA rasanendriya se samparka hone para unake rasa kA bodha ho jAtA hai, para pahale

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34 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kI apekSA yaha madhura yA amla hai, yaha bodha kaise hogA?21 ataH dravya aura guNoM ke bIca ekAnta bheda yA ekAnta abheda na mAnakara, kathaMcita bhedAbheda hI mAnanA cAhie / dravya-paryAya kA bhedAbheda - dravya aura guNa kI bhAti jaina AcAryoM ne dravya aura paryAya meM bhedAbheda kA samarthana kiyA hai| AyAro meM 'je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se AyA 22 kahakara sUtrakAra ne AtmA aura jJAna kI abhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAmAnyatayA dekhane para yaha sUtra abheda kA vAcaka pratIta hotA hai, para jaisA ki niyuktikAra ne kahA hai - 'Natthi jiNavayaNaM NayavihINaM' koI bhI jina vacana nirapekSa nahIM hotA, ataH AyAro kA yaha sUtra bhI sApekSatA kI dRSTi se hI grAhya hai arthAt pratyeka AtmA meM jJAna kA sadbhAva kucha na kucha aMzoM meM hotA hI hai| vaha trikAla meM bhI jJAnazUnya nahIM hotA, ataH donoM meM abheda hai / para jJAna AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa hai, jo badalatA rahatA hai, ataH paryAya dRSTi se donoM meM bheda hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM 'AyA bhaMte siya nANe, siya annANe, nANe puNa niyamaM AyA 23 kahakara sUtrakAra ne AtmA ko jJAna se kathaMcita bhinna aura kathaMcita abhinna kahA hai| kuMdakuMda ne dravya aura paryAya ke avinAbhAva kA pratipAdana karate hue yahI likhA hai - pajjayavijuda davvaM davvavijuttA ya pajjayA Natthi / doNhaM aNaNNamUdaM bhAvaM samaNA parUviti // 23 TIkAkAra amRtacandra ke anusAra jisa prakAra dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi se bhinna gorasa nahIM hotA, vaise hI paryAya se rahita dravya nahIM hotA / siddhasena divAkara ke anusAra dravyArthika naya kA viSaya hai - dravya aura paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai - paryAya / donoM naya alaga-alaga mithyAdRSTi haiM / donoM meM se kisI eka naya kA viSaya sat nahIM bana sktaa| sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM milakara hI sat banate haiM / ataH dravya-paryAya paraspara saMbaddha hai| . dravya se rahita paryAya aura paryAya se rahita dravya kA astitva hI nahIM hotA / isI bAta ko Avazyakaniyukti meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai - jaM jaM je je bhAve pariNamai paoga vIsasAdavvaM / taM taha jANAha jiNe apajjave jANa natthi // __ arthAt prayoga aura svabhAva se jo-jo dravya jisa-jisa bhAva meM pariNata hotA hai, kevalI use usI rUpa meM jAnate haiM / paryAya rahita dravya ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki paryAya rahita dravya hotA hI nahIM hai|

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dravya-guNa-paryAya : bhedAbheda 35 guNa-paryAya kA bhedAbheda - ___ guNa aura paryAya ke pArasparika sambandha ke viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM mataikya nahIM hai / umAsvAti aura kuMdakuMda ne guNa ke atirikta paryAya ko bhI dravya ke lakSaNa meM sammilita kiyA hai, ataH spaSTa hai ki ve donoM meM bheda, svIkAra karate haiM / pUjyapAda ne bhI guNa aura paryAya meM bheda, svIkAra kiyA hai / 'ke guNAH ke paryAyaH anvayino guNAH vyatirekinaH paryAyaH / ' pUjyapAda ne dravya-guNa aura paryAya kA svarUpa batAne vAlI eka prAcIna gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai - guNa iti davvavihINaM davvavikAro hi pajjavo bhaNido / tehi aNUNaM davvaM ajudapasiddha have davvaM // 7 yaha gAthA kisa graMtha kI hai, batalAnA kaThina hai / para pUjyapAda ke grantha meM uddhRta hone se isakI prAcInatA asaMdigdha rUpa se mAnI jA sakatI hai| isa gAthA meM unhoMne guNa aura paryAya kA arthabheda siddha kiyA hai| amRtacandra, vAdI-deva, vidyAnanda Adi ne guNa evaM paryAya meM bheda svIkAra kiyA hai / guNaparyAya dharma haiM / dharmI dharma se kathaMcit bhinna hotA hai| udAharaNataH jIva dravya hai, jJAna usakA guNa hai tathA ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna usakI paryAya hai| dharma-adharma dravya hai, gati-sthiti meM sahAyaka honA usakA guNa hai tathA gati-sthitizIla padArthoM ke sAtha sambandha honA unakI paryAya hai| pudgala dravya hai, sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa ye usake guNa haiM tathA ghaTa-paTa Adi usakI paryAya haiM / kAla dravya hai vartanA usakA guNa hai, sekesrANDa, minaTa, ghaNTA Adi usakI paryAya haiM / guNa-paryAya ye do pRthak zabda hI usake bheda kI sUcanA de rahe haiN| isa sandarbha meM siddhasena divAkara kA eka nayA prasthAna jaina tattvajJAna meM zurU hotA hai / unhoMne guNa aura paryAya ina donoM zabdoM ko ekArthaka sthApita kiyA hai / unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai - do uNa NayA bhagavayA davvahi-pajjavaTThiyA niyayA / etto ya guNavisese guNadviyaNao vi jujjaMto // jaM puNa arihayA tesu tesu suttesu goyamAINa / pajjavasaNNa NiyamA vAgariyA teNa pajjAdA // 28 arthAt bhagavAna ne dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do hI naya Agama meM batAye haiM / yadi paryAya se pRthak guNa hotA to Agama meM guNArthika naya kI bhI carcA hotI / arhatoM ne una-una sUtroM meM gautama Adi ke samakSa paryAya saMjJA nizcita karake usI kA vivecana kiyA hai, ataH aisA mAnanA cAhie ki paryAya se bhinna guNa nahIM haiM / dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA meM bhI sanmati ke isa kathana kA samarthana huA hai / jaise 'taila kI dhArA' isa vAkya meM taila aura dhArA do pRthak vastu nahIM hai, vaise hI guNa aura paryAya bhI paramArthataH bhinna nahIM haiM / AcArya haribhadra ne bhI isI abhedavAda kA samarthana kiyaa| AcArya hemacandra ne to pramANa ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa karate samaya sUtra meM guNa pada ko sthAna hI nahIM diyA / aura na hI guNa paryAya zabdoM ke artha viSayaka bhedAbheda kI carcA kI / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki ve bhI abheda ke hI samarthaka haiN| yazovijayajI ne bhI isI abhedapakSa ko sthApita kiyA /

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36 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ___ AcArya akalaMka ne guNa aura paryAya kI ekArthakatA bhinna prakAra se siddha kii| unake anusAra dravya ke do rUpa haiM - sAmAnya aura vizeSa / sAmAnya, utsarga, anvaya aura guNa ye ekArthaka haiM / isI taraha vizeSa, paryAya aura bheda ye tInoM ekArthaka haiM / sAmAnya kA grAhaka dravyArthika naya aura vizeSa kA grAhaka paryAyArthika naya kahalAtA hai| guNa dravya kA hI sAmAnya rUpa hai, ataH usake grahaNa ke lie dravyArthika se bhinna guNArthika nAmaka svataMtra naya kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / akalaMka ne 'guNaparyayavad dravyaM' sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai - guNa hI paryAya haiM, kyoMki guNa aura paryAya donoM meM samAnAdhikaraNa hai / yahA~ prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki jaba donoM ekArthaka haiM to 'guNaparyayavad dravyaM' na kahakara 'guNavad dravyaM' yA 'paryAyavad dravya' aisA nirdeza karanA cAhie thA / isakA samAdhAna karate hue svayaM vArtikakAra likhate haiM ki vastutaH dravya se pRthak guNa upalabdha nahIM hote / dravya kA pariNamana hI paryAya hai aura guNa usI pariNamana kI eka abhivyakti hai, ataH donoM abhinna haiM, kintu vaizeSika darzana meM svIkRta svatantra guNa kI avadhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie sUtra meM guNa pada kA prayojana kiyA gayA hai / tattvataH donoM meM bheda nahIM hai / __ Agama sAhitya meM bhI mUlataH dravya paryAya kI hI carcA hai, yadyapi kahIM-kahIM guNa zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai / para vahA~ prayukta guNa zabda kA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai jo prastuta prasaMga meM vivakSita hai| udAharaNa ke lie AyAro kA eka sUtra hai 'je guNe se Avahe, je Avahe se guNe'32 yahA~ guNa kA artha indriya viSaya hai / isI taraha bhagavatI sUtra meM paMcAstikAya ke saMdarbha meM 'guNa' zabda kA prayoga anekazaH huA hai, para vahA~ guNa kA artha sahabhAvI dharma ke artha meM na hokara, upakAraka zakti ke artha meM hai| guNa aura paryAya ekArthaka haiM yA bhinnArthaka ? cintana karane para phalita hotA hai ki guNa aura paryAya do zabda haiM, ataH inameM bheda honA cAhie, kyoMki guNa mAtra dravyAzrita hote haiM, jabaki paryAya dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita haiM / pudgala dravya hai, sparza, rasa Adi usake guNa haiM / sparza ke bheda sparza kI paryAya hai| eka hI vastu cakSu kA viSaya banatI hai taba rUpa bana jAtI hai| rasanA se rasa, ghrANa se gaMdha bana jAtI hai, vastu kI ye paryAya vyavahArazrita haiM / yadi guNa aura paryAya meM antara hotA to saMbhinnasrotopalabdhi ke samaya eka hI indriya se sAre viSayoM kA jJAna kaise hotA tathA ekendriyAdi jIva apanA vyavahAra kaise calAte / jIva apane vyavahAra ke lie inako pRthak kara letA hai| ataH guNa aura paryAya ko vyavahAra ke stara para bhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai| nizcayataH ve donoM abhinna haiN| AcArya siddhasena ne to guNa-paryAya meM hI abheda kahA, kintu AcArya siddhasenagaNI ne to nizcayataH dravya-paryAya ko bhI abhinna mAnakara naya se bhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA - abhinnAMzamataM vastu tathobhayamayAtmakam / pratipatterUpAyena nayabhedena kathyate // 23 ataH yaha nirvivAda svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dravya-guNa-paryAya meM maulika bheda nahIM hai| vyavahArataH bheda va paramArthataH abheda arthAt bhedAbheda hai /

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dravya-guNa-paryAya: bhedAbheda saMdarbha 1. tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat 2. bhagavatIsUtra, 1/440 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/6 4. tattvArthasUtra, 5/37 5. vahI, 5/29 6. paMcAstikAya, 14 7. dhavalA, 1/1/136, kaSAya pAhur3a 1/1/14 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/6 9. tattvArthasUtra, 5/40 10. dravyAnuyogatarkaNA 2/2 sahabhAvI guNo dharmaH 11. sarvArthasiddhi, pR.237 12. uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 28/6 13. dravyAnuyogatarkaNA, 2/16 14. vahI 2/3 15. sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 3/8 16. paMcAstikAya, 12 17. sanmatitarka, 3/23 18. AptamImAMsA, kA.23, 24 19. tattvArthavAttika, 3/2/6 20. sanmatitarka prakaraNa (vRtti.) pR.627, 628 21. sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 3/19 22. AyAro, 5/104 23. bhagavatI, 12/206 24. paMcAstikAya, gA.12 25. sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 1/12 26. Avazyaka niyukti 27. sarvArthasiddhi, 5/38, pR.360 para uddhRta 28. sanmatitarka prakaraNa, 3/10, 11 29. dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA, 2/11 30. pramANamImAMsA, 1/1/30 31. tattvArthavArtika, 5/38 32. AyAro, 1/93 33. tattvArthAdhigama sUtra TIkA, pR.394

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana sAgaramala jaina vastusvarUpa aura paryAya paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI eka viziSTa avadhAraNA hai / jaina darzana kA kendrIya siddhAnta anekAntavAda hai| kintu anekAnta kA AdhAra paryAya kI avadhAraNA hai| sAmAnyatayA paryAya zabda pari+Aya se niSpanna hai / merI dRSTi jo parivartana ko prApta hotI hai, vahI paryAya hai / rAjavArtika (1/33/1/95/ 6) 'pari samantAdAyaH paryAya', ke anusAra jo sarva ora se navInatA ko prApta hotI hai, vahI paryAya hai| yaha honA (becoming) hai / vaha sattA kI parivartanazIlatA kI yA sat ke bahu AyAmI (Multi dimentional) hone kI sUcaka hai / vaha yaha batAtI hai ki astitva prati samaya pariNamana yA parivartana ko prApta hotA hai, isalie yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo svabhAva yA vibhAva rUpa pariNamana karatI hai, vahI paryAya hai / jaina darzana meM astitva yA sat ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka yA pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai / utpAda-vyaya kA jo satata pravAha hai, vahI paryAya hai aura jo ina parivartanoM ke svasvabhAva se cyuta nahIM hotA hai, vahI dravya hai| anya zabdoM meM kaheM to astitva meM jo arthakriyAkAritva hai, gatyAtmakatA hai, pariNAmIpana yA parivartanazIlatA hai, vahI paryAya hai| paryAya astitva kI kriyAzIlatA kI sUcaka hai| vaha parivartanoM ke sAtatya kI avasthA hai| astitva yA dravya dik aura kAla meM jina bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai, jaina darzana ke anusAra yahI avasthAe~ paryAya haiM athavA sattA kA parivartanazIla pakSa paryAya hai / buddha ke isa kathana kA ki "kriyA hai, kartA nahIM' kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki ve kisI kriyAzIlatatva kA niSedha karate haiM / unake isa kathana kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki kriyA se bhinna kartA nahIM hai / sattA aura parivartana meM pUrNa tAdAtmya hai / sattA se bhinna parivartana aura parivartana se bhinna sattA kI sthiti nahIM hai| parivartana aura parivartanazIla anyonyAzrita haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM ve sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nahIM / vastutaH bauddha darzana kA sat sambandhI yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana meM sattA ko anuccheda aura azAzvata kahA gayA hai arthAt ve bhI na use ekAnta anitya mAnate haiM aura na ekAnta nitya / vaha na anitya hai

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana 39 aura na nitya hai, jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne use nityAnitya kahA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM kA yaha antara niSedhAtmaka athavA svIkArAtmaka bhASA-zailI kA antara hai / buddha aura mahAvIra ke kathana kA mUla ekadUsare se utanA bhinna nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama use mAna lete haiM / sat ko avyaya yA aparivartanazIla mAnane kA ekAnta pakSa aura sat ko parivartanazIla yA kSaNika mAnane kA ekAnta pakSa jaina aura bauddha vicArakoM ko svIkArya nahIM rahA hai| donoM meM mAtra antara yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne jahA~ astittva ke utpAda-vyaya pakSa arthAt paryAya pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha dhrauvyapakSa ke rUpa meM dravya ko bhI svIkRti pradAna kI hai| vahA~ buddha ne astitva ke parivartanazIla pakSa para hI adhika bala diyA / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki bauddha darzana kI astitva kI vyAkhyA jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke atinikaTa hai| bauddhoM ne paryAya arthAt arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti ko hI astitva mAna liyaa| bauddha darzana ne parivartanazIlatA aura astitva meM tAdAtmya mAnA aura kahA ki parivartanazIlatA hI astitva hai (Becoming is real) / jaina darzana ne bhI dravya (Being) aura paryAya (Becoming) arthAt 'astittva' aura 'hone' meM tAdAtmya to mAnA, kintu tAdAtmya ke sAtha-sAtha donoM ke svataMtra astitva ko bhI svIkAra kiyA arthAt unameM bhedAbheda maanaa| sat ke sambandha meM ekAnta parivartanazIlatA kA dRSTikoNa aura ekAnta aparivartanazIlatA kA dRSTikoNa ina donoM meM se kisI eka ko apanAne para na to vyavahAra jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava hai na dharma aura naitikatA kA koI sthAna hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki AcAramArgIya paramparA ke pratinidhi bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM bhagavAna buddha ne unakA parityAga Avazyaka samajhA / mahAvIra kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unhoMne na santa zAzvatavAda kA aura ekAnta ucchedavAda kA parityAga kiyA. apita apanI anekAntavAdI aura samanvavAdI paramparA ke anusAra una donoM vicAra dhArAoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA / paramparAgata dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevala 'upannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA' isa tripadI kA upadeza diyA thA / samasta jaina dArzanika vAGmaya kA vikAsa isI tripadI ke AdhAra para huA hai| paramArtha yA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kA yaha uparyukta kathana hI jaina darzana kA kendrIya tattva hai aura yahI usakI paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA AdhAra bhI hai| ___isa siddhAnta ke anusAra utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya ye tInoM hI sat ke lakSaNa haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne sat ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai (tattvArtha, 5/21), utpAda aura vyaya sat ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko batAte haiM to dhrauvya usake avinAzI pakSa ko / sat kA dhrauvya guNa usake utpatti evaM vinAza kA AdhAra hai, unake madhya yojaka kar3I hai / yaha satya hai ki vinAza ke lie utpatti aura utpatti ke lie vinAza Avazyaka hai, kintu utpatti aura vinAza donoM ke lie kisI aise AdhArabhUta tattva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jisameM utpatti aura vinAza kI ye prakriyAyeM ghaTita hotI haiM / yadi hama dhrauvya pakSa ko asvIkAra kareMge to utpatti aura vinAza donoM ke lie kisI aise AdhArabhUta tattva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jisameM utpatti aura vinAza kI ye prakriyAyeM ghaTita hotI haiM / yadi hama dhrauvya pakSa ko svIkAra kareMge to utpatti aura vinAza paraspara asambandhita ho jAyeMge aura sattA aneka kSaNika evaM asambandhita kSaNajIvI tattvoM meM vibhakta ho jAyegI / ina paraspara

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40 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA asambandhita kSaNika sattAoM kI avadhAraNA se vyaktitva kI ekAtmakatA kA hI viccheda ho jAyegA, jisake abhAva meM naitika uttaradAyitva aura karmaphala vyavasthA hI arthavihIna ho jAyegI, isI prakAra ekAnta dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra karane para bhI isa jagata meM cala rahe utpatti aura vinAza ke krama ko samajhAyA nahIM jA sktaa| jaina darzana meM sat ke aparivartanazIla pakSa ko dravya aura guNa tathA parivartanazIla pakSa ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| agrima pRSThoM meM hama dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke saha sambandha ke bAre meM carcA kreNge| dravya aura paryAya kA sahasambandha hama yaha pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki jaina parasparA meM sat aura dravya ko paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, usameM sat ke sthAna para dravya hI pramukha rahA hai / AgamoM meM sat ke sthAna para astikAya aura dravya ina do zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA gayA hai / jo astikAya hai ve nizcaya hI dravya haiM / ina donoM zabdoM meM bhI dravya zabda mukhyataH anya paramparAoM ke prabhAva se jaina darzana meM AyA hai, usakA apanA mUla zabda to astikAya hI hai| isameM 'asti' zabda sattA ke zAzvata pakSa kA aura kAya zabda azAzvata pakSa kA sUcaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / vaise sattA ko kArya zabda se sUcita karane kI paramparA zramaNa dhArA ke prakradha kAtyAyana Adi anya dArzanikoM meM bhI rahI hai| bhagavatIsatra meM dravya pakSa kI zAzvatatA aura pakSa kI azAzvatatA kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'davvadvAe siya sAsiyA pajjavaTTAe siya asAsayA' arthAt astitva ko dravya kI apekSA zAzvata aura paryAya kI apekSA se azAzvata (anitya) kahA gayA hai| isa tathya ko adhika spaSTatA se citrita karate hue sanmatitarka meM AcArya siddhasena divAkara likhate haiM - upajjati cayaMti A bhAvA niyameNa pajjavanayassa / davvaTThiyassa savvaM sayA aNuppanna aviNahU~ // arthAt paryAya kI apekSA se astitva yA vastu utpanna hotI hai aura vinaSTa hotI hai, kintu dravya kI apekSA se vastu na to utpanna hotI hai aura na vinaSTa hotI hai / umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha meM sat dravyalakSaNaM (4/21) kahakara sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa batAyA hai / isa paribhASA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki dravya kA mukhya lakSaNa astitva hai| jo astitvavAn hai, vahI dravya hai| kintu yahA~ hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hotA hai ki dravya zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha to 'drUyate iti dravya' ke AdhAra para utpAda vyaya rUpa astitva ko hI siddha karatA hai| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA gayA hai jo trikAla meM pariNamana karate hae bhI apane sva-svabhAva kA pUrNataH parityAga na kare, use hI sat yA dravya kahA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra (5/21) meM umAsvAti ne eka ora dravya kA lakSaNa sat batAyA to dUsarI ora sat ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka bhI batAyA / yadi sat aura dravya eka hI hai to phira dravya ko bhI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra (5/38) meM dravya ko paribhASita karate hue use guNa, paryAya se yukta bhI kahA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne paMcAstikAyasAra aura pravacanasAra meM inhIM donoM lakSaNoM ko milAkara dravya

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana ko paribhASita kiyA hai| paMcAstikAyasAra (10) meM ve kahate haiM ki dravya sat lakSaNa vAlA hai| isI paribhASA ko aura spaSTa karate hue pravacanasAra (15-96) meM ve kahate haiM, jo aparityakta svabhAva vAlA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta tathA tathA guNa-paryAya sahita hai, use dravya kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra kundakunda ne dravya kI paribhASA ke sandarbha meM umAsvAti ke sabhI lakSaNoM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai / tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne guNaparyAyavat dravya kahakara, jaina darzana ke bhedaabhedavAda ko puSTa kiyA hai / yadyapi tattvArthasUtra meM dravya kI yaha paribhASA bhI vaizeSikasUtra ke 'dravyaguNakarmabhyo'rthAntaraM sattA' (1/2 / 8) nAmaka sUtra ke nikaTa hI siddha hotI hai / umAsvAti ne isa sUtra meM karma ke sthAna para paryAya ko rakha diyA hai| jaina darzana ke sat sambandhI siddhAnta kI carcA meM hama yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dravya yA sattA parivartanazIla hokara bhI nitya hai / isI tathya ko mImAMsA darzana meM isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai - varddhamAnakabhaMgena, rucakaH kriyate yadA / tadApUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcAyyuttarArthinaH // 21 // hemArthinastu mAdhyasthaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaMgAnAmabhAvesanmati trayam // 22 // na nAzena vinA zoko, notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnya nityatA // 23 // (mImAMsAzloka vArtika pR-61) arthAt varddhamAnaka (bAjUbaMda) ko tor3akara, rucakahAra banAne meM varddhamAnaka ko cAhane vAle ko zoka, rucaka cAhane vAle ko harSa aura svarNa cAhane vAle ko na harSa aura na zoka hotA hai| usakA to mAdhyastha bhAva rahatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki vastu yA sattA utpAda, bhaMga aura sthiti rUpa hotI hai, kyoMki nAza ke abhAva meM zoka, utpAda ke abhAva meM sukha (harSa) aura sthiti ke abhAva meM mAdhyastha bhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai / isase yahI siddha hotA hai mImAMsA darzana bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI vastu ko utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka mAnatA hai / pariNamana yaha dravya kA AdhArabhUta lakSaNa hai, kintu isa prakriyA meM dravya apane mUla svarUpa kA pUrNataH parityAga nahIM karatA hai / sva-svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA vibhinna avasthAoM ko dhAraNa karane se hI dravya ko nitya kahA jAtA hai / kintu pratikSaNa utpanna hone vAle aura naSTa hone vAle paryAyoM kI apekSA se use anitya bhI kahA jAtA hai / use isa prakAra bhI samajhAyA jAtA hai ki mRttikA apane sva-jAtIya dharma kA parityAga kiye binA ghaTa Adi ko utpanna karatI hai / ghaTa kI utpatti meM piNDa paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai| jaba taka piNDa naSTa nahIM hotA taba taka ghaTa utpanna nahIM hotA, kintu isa utpAda aura vyaya meM bhI mRttikA lakSaNa yathAvat banA rahatA hai / vastutaH koI bhI dravya apane svalakSaNa, sva-svabhAva athavA sva-jAtIya dharma kA pUrNataH parityAga nahIM karatA hai / dravya apane guNa yA sva-lakSaNa kI apekSA se nitya hotA hai, kyoMki sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga sambhava nahIM hai / ataH yaha sva

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42 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA lakSaNa hI vastu kA nitya pakSa hotA hai| sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga kiye binA vastu jina vibhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hotI hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiM / yaha parivartanazIla paryAya hI dravya kA anitya pakSa hai| ___ isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya apane sva-lakSaNa yA guNa kI apekSA se nitya aura apanI paryAya kI apekSA se anitya kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jIva dravya apane caitanya guNa kA kabhI parityAga nahIM karatA, kintu usake cetanA lakSaNa kA parityAga kiye binA vaha deva, manuSya, pazu ina vibhinna yoniyoM ko athavA bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai| jina guNoM kA parityAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ve hI guNa svalakSaNa kahe jAte haiM / yaha svalakSaNa hI dravya svarUpa hai| jina guNoM kA parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiM / paryAya badalatI rahatI haiM, kintu guNa vahI banA rahatA hai| ye paryAya bhI do prakAra kI kahI gayI haiM - 1. svabhAva paryAya aura 2. vibhAva paryAya / jo paryAya yA avasthAyeM sva-lakSaNa ke nimitta se hotI haiM, ve svabhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM aura jo anya nimitta se hotI haiM, ve vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jJAna aura darzana (pratyakSIkaraNa) sambandhI vibhinna anubhUtiparaka avasthAyeM AtmA kI svabhAva paryAya haiM / kyoMki ve AtmA ke sva-lakSaNa upayoga se phalita hotI haiM, jabaki krodha Adi kaSAya bhAva karma ke nimitta se yA dUsaroM ke nimitta se hotI haiM, ataH ve vibhAva paryAya haiN| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ina guNoM aura paryAyoM kA adhiSThAna yA upAdAna to dravya svayaM hI hai / dravya guNa aura paryAyoM se abhinna hai, ve tInoM paraspara sApekSa haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne sanmatitarkaprakaraNa meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai, dravya se rahita guNa aura paryAya kI sattA nahIM hai| sAtha hI guNa aura paryAya se rahita dravya kI bhI sattA nahIM hai / davvaM pajjava viuaM davva viuttA pajjavA natthi / uppAda-Trii-bhaMgA hRdi daviya lakkhaNaM eyaM // - sanmatitarka 12 arthAt dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM tAdAtmya hai, kintu isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai / yaha satya hai ki astitva kI apekSA se unameM tAdAtmya hai, kintu vicAra kI apekSA se ve pRthak-pRthak haiM / hama unheM alaga-alaga kara nahIM sakate / kintu una para alagaalaga vicAra saMbhava hai / bAlapanA, yuvAvasthA yA bur3hApA vyakti se pRthak apanI sattA nahIM rakhate haiM - phira bhI ye tInoM avasthAe~ eka dUsare se bhinna haiM / yahI sthiti dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI hai| guNa aura paryAya kA sahasambandha dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH guNa dravya ke svabhAva yA svalakSaNa hote haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne dravyAzrayA nirguNAguNAH (5/40) kahakara yaha batAyA hai ki guNa dravya meM rahate haiM, para guNa svayaM nirguNa hote haiM / guNa nirguNa hote haiM yaha paribhASA sAmAnyatayA Atma-virodhI sI lagatI hai, kintu isa paribhASA kI mUlabhUta dRSTi yaha hai ki yadi hama guNa kA bhI guNa

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43 jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana mAneMge to phira anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga AyegA / Agamika dRSTi se guNa kI paribhASA isa rUpa meM kI gayI hai ki guNa dravya kA vidhAna hai yAni usakA sva-lakSaNa hai, jabaki paryAya dravya kA vikAra hai / guNa bhI dravya ke samAna hI avinAzI hai| jisa dravya kA jo guNa hai, vaha usameM sadaiva rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya kA jo avinAzI lakSaNa hai athavA dravya jisakA parityAga nahIM kara sakatA hai, vahI guNa hai / guNa vastu kI sahabhAvI avasthAoM kA sUcaka hai| phira bhI guNa kI ye avasthAyeM arthAt guNa-paryAya badalatI haiM / dravya ke samAna hI guNoM kI paryAya hotI haiM, jo guNa kI bhI parivartanazIlatA ko sUcita karatI haiM / jIvana meM cetanA kI avasthAe~ badalatI haiM, phira bhI cetanA guNa banA rahatA hai / ve vizeSatAe~ yA lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve viziSTa guNa kahe jAte haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dharma-dravya kA lakSaNa gati meM sahAyaka honA hai| adharma-dravya kA lakSaNa sthiti meM sahAyaka honA hai| jo sabhI dravyoM kA avagAhana karatA hai, unheM sthAna detA hai, vaha AkAza kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra parivartana kAla kA aura upayoga jIva kA lakSaNa hai| ataH guNa ve haiM, jisake AdhAra para hama kisI dravya ko pahacAnate haiM aura usakA dravya se pRthakatva sthApita haiN| uttarAdhyayana (28/11-12) meM jIva aura padagala ke aneka lakSaNoM kA bhI citraNa haA hai| usameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya evaM upayoga ye jIva ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM aura zabda, prakAza, andhakAra, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi ko pudgala kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dravya aura guNa vicAra ke stara para hI alaga-alaga mAne gaye haiM, lekina astitva kI dRSTi se ve pRthak-pRthak sattAeM nahIM haiM / guNoM ke sandarbha meM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kucha guNa sAmAnya hote haiM aura ve sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiM aura kucha guNa viziSTa hote haiM, jo kucha hI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiM / jaise-astitva lakSaNa sAmAnya hai jo sabhI dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, kintu cetanA Adi kucha guNa aise haiM jo kevala jIva dravya meM pAye jAte haiM, ajIva dravya meM unakA abhAva hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kucha guNa sAmAnya aura kucha viziSTa hote haiM / sAmAnya guNoM ke AdhAra para jAti yA varga kI pahacAna hotI hai| ve dravya yA vastuoM kA ekatva pratipAdita karate haiM, jabaki viziSTa guNa eka dravya kA dUsare se antara sthApita karate haiM / guNoM ke sandarbha meM carcA karate hue hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki aneka guNa sahabhAvI rUpa se eka hI dravya meM rahate haiM / isIlie jaina darzana meM vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka kahA gayA hai| vizeSa guNoM kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve dravya vizeSa kI vibhinna paryAyoM meM bhI bane rahate haiM / jIvoM kI cetanA paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, phira bhI unakI parivartanazIla cetanA paryAyoM meM cetanA guNa aura jIva dravya banA rahatA hai / koI bhI dravya guNa se rahita nahIM hotA / dravya aura guNa kA vibhAjana mAtra vaicArika stara para kiyA jAtA hai, sattA ke stara para nahIM / guNa se rahita hokara na to dravya kI koI sattA hotI hai, na dravya se rahita guNa kI / ataH sattA ke stara para guNa aura dravya meM abheda hai, jabaki vaicArika stara para donoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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44 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki dravya aura guNa anyonyAzrita haiM / dravya ke binA guNa kA astitva nahIM hai aura guNa ke binA dravya kA astitva nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtra (5/40) meM guNa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki sva-guNa chor3akara, jinakA anya koI guNa nahIM hotA arthAt jo nirguNa hai, vahI guNa hai / dravya aura guNa ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara jaina paramparA meM hameM tIna prakAra ke sandarbha prApta hote haiM / Agama graMthoM meM dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/6) meM dravya ko guNa kA Azraya-sthAna mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtrakAra ke anusAra guNa dravya meM rahate haiM arthAt dravya guNoM kA Azraya sthala hai, kintu yahA~ Apatti yaha ho sakatI hai ki jaba dravya aura guNa kI bhinna-bhinna sattA hI nahIM hai to unameM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva kisa prakAra hogA? vastutaH dravya aura guNa ke sambandha ko lekara kiyA gayA yaha vivecana mUlataH vaizeSika paramparA ke samIpa lagatA hai| jainoM ke anusAra siddhAntataH to Azraya-AzrayI bhAva unhIM do tattvoM meM ho sakatA hai, jo eka-dUsare se pRthak sattA rakhate haiM / isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pUjyapAda Adi kucha AcAryoM ne 'guNAnAM samUho davvo' athavA 'guNasamudAyo dravyamiti' kahakara dravya ko guNoM kA saMghAta mAnA hai / jaba dravya aura guNa kI alaga-alaga sattA hI mAnya nahIM hai, to vahA~ unake tAdAtmya ke atirikta anya koI sambandha mAnane kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| anya koI sambandha mAnane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ve eka dUsare se pRthak hokara, apanA astitva rakhate haiN| yaha dRSTikoNa bauddha avadhAraNA ke samIpa hai| yaha saMghAtavAda kA hI apararUpa hai, jabaki jaina paramparA saMghAtavAda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai / vastutaH dravya ke sAtha guNa aura paryAya ke sambandha ko lekara tattvArthasUtrakAra ne jo dravya kI paribhASA dI hai, vahI adhika ucita jAna par3atI hai / tattvArthasUtrakAra ke anusAra jo guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai / vaicArika stara para to guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai / vaicArika stara para to guNa dravya se bhinna haiM aura usa dRSTi se unameM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva bhI dekhA jAtA hai, kintu astitva ke stara para dravya aura guNa eka-dUsare se pRthak (vivikta) sattAe~ nahIM haiM, ataH unameM tAdAtmya bhI hai| isa prakAra guNa aura dravya meM kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha ho sakatA hai / Do. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, jaina-darzana (pR.144) meM likhate haiM ki guNa se dravya ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie vaha dravya se abhinna hai| kintu prayojana Adi bheda se usakA vibhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH ve bhinna bhI haiN| eka hI pudgala paramANu meM yugapat rUpa se rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi aneka guNa rahate haiM / anubhUti ke stara para rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi pRthak-pRthak guNa haiM / ataH vaicArika stara para kevala eka guNa na kevala dUsare guNa se bhinna hai, apitu usa stara para yaha dravya se bhI bhinna kalpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| punaH guNa apanI pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara uttara paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura isa prakAra vaha parivartita hotA rahatA hai, kintu usameM yaha paryAya parivartana dravya se bhinna hokara nahIM hotA / paryAyoM meM hone vAle parivartana vastutaH dravya ke hI parivartana haiM / paryAya aura guNa ko chor3akara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| paryAyoM aura guNoM meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke bIca jo eka avicchinnatA kA niyAmaka tattva hai, vahI dravya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka pudgala ke rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ke guNa badalate rahate haiM aura usa guNa parivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa usakI paryAya bhI badalatI rahatI hai, kintu ina parivartita hone vAle guNoM aura paryAyoM ke bIca bhI eka

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45 tattva hai, jo ina parivartanoM ke bIca bhI banA rahatA hai, vahI dravya hai / pratyeka dravya meM prati samaya svAbhAvika guNakRta aura vaibhAvika guNakRta arthAt paryAyakRta utpAda aura vyaya hote rahate haiM / yaha saba usa dravya kI sampatti yA svarUpa hai / isalie dravya ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jAtA hai / dravya ke sAtha-sAtha usake guNoM meM bhI utpAda, vyaya hotA rahatA hai / jIva kA guNa cetanA hai, usase pRthak hone para jIva jIva nahIM rahegA, phira bhI jIva kI cetana anubhUtiyA~ sthira nahIM rahatI haiM, ve pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI haiM / ataH guNoM meM bhI utpAda-vyaya hotA rahatA hai / punaH vastu kA sva-lakSaNa kabhI badalatA nahIM hai, ataH guNa meM dhrauvyatva pakSa bhI hai / ataH guNa bhI dravya ke samAna utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNa yukta hai| guNa meM jo utpAda-vyaya yA avasthAntaraNa hotA hai, use hama guNa kI paryAya kahate haiM / jisa prakAra koI bhI dravya paryAya ke binA nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra koI bhI guNa paryAya se rahita nahIM hotA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya evaM guNa meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartana hI paryAya kahalAte haiM / pratyeka dravya prati samaya eka viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| apane pUrva kSaNa kI avasthA kA tyAga karatA hai aura eka nUtana viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA hai, inheM hI dravya kI paryAya kahate haiN| dravya-paryAya svavargIya aneka dravyAzrita hotI hai, jabaki guNa paryAyeM eka dravyAzrita hotI haiM / yahA~ eka prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki yadi dravya guNa saMghAta (samudAya) rUpa hai to phira dravya aura guNa kI alaga-alaga paryAya mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dravya ke skandha, deza, pradeza tathA paramANu rUpa bhI haiM, ataH dravya kI skandha, deza, pradeza yA paramANu rUpa paryAya arthAt usake AkAra Adi dravya paryAya haiM / dravya meM anantAnanta guNa hote haiM aura una guNoM meM prati samaya hone vAlI SaT guNa hAni vRddhi guNa paryAya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka miTTI kA ghar3A hai, vaha mRtikA rUpa pudgala dravyoM kI AkRti hai yaha AkRti dravya paryAya hai, kintu yaha kAlA yA lAla hai - yaha kAlA yA lAla honA guNa paryAya hai / jisa prakAra jalatI huI dIpazikhA meM pratikSaNa jalane vAlA tela badalatA rahatA hai, phira bhI dIpaka yathAvat jalatA rahatA hai| usI prakAra pratyeka dravya satata rUpa se parivartana yA pariNAma ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI dravyatva yathAvat rahatA hai, dravya meM hone vAlA yaha parivartana yA pariNamana hI usakI paryAya hai / eka vyakti janma letA hai, bAlaka se kizora aura kizora se yuvaka, yuvaka se praur3ha aura praur3ha se vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| janma se lekara mRtyu kAla taka pratyeka vyakti ke deha kI zArIrika saMracanA meM tathA vicAra aura anubhUti kI caitasika avasthAoM meM parivartana hote rahate haiM / usameM pratikSaNa hone vAle ina parivartanoM ke dvArA vaha jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAyeM prApta karatA hai, ve hI paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki paryAya jaina darzana kA viziSTa zabda hai / jaina darzana ke atirikta anya kisI bhI bhAratIya darzana meM paryAya kI yaha avadhAraNA anupasthita hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA kI yaha yAtrA koI aisI ghaTanA nahIM hai jo eka hI kSaNa meM ghaTita ho jAtI hai| balki yaha saba kramika rUpa se ghaTita hotA rahatA hai, hameM usakA patA hI nahIM calatA / yaha prati samaya hone vAlA parivartana hI paryAya hai| paryAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha avasthA vizeSa hai / dArzanika jagat meM paryAya kA jo artha prasiddha

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46 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA huA hai, usameM Agama meM kiMcit bhinna artha meM paryAya zabda kA prayoga huA hai / dArzanika granthoM meM dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNAma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai tathA guNa evaM paryAya se yukta padArtha ko dravya kahA gayA hai| vahA~ para eka hI dravya yA vastu kI vibhinna paryAyoM kI carcA hai| Agama meM to eka padArtha jitanI avasthAoM meM prApta hotA hai, unheM usa padArtha kA paryAya kahA gayA hai| jaise jIva kI paryAya hai - nAraka, deva, manuSya, tiryaMca, siddha Adi / prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya pada meM jIva dravya aura ajIva dravya aura unake vibhinna prakAroM kI paryAyoM arthAt avasthAoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana hai / isameM una dravyoM ko sAmAnya apekSA se sambhAvita kitanI paryAyeM hotI haiM, isakI bhI carcA hai / paryAya, dravya kI bhI hotI hai aura guNa kI bhI hotI hai| guNoM kI paryAyoM kA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra meM isa prakAra huA hai - eka guNa kAlA, dviguNa kAlA yAvat ananta kAlA / isa prakAra kAle guNa kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM / isI prakAra nIle, pIle, lAla evaM sapheda vargoM kI paryAyeM bhI ananta hotI haiN| varNa kI bhA~ti gandha, rasa, sparza ke bhedoM kI bhI eka guNa se lekara ananta guNa taka kI paryAyeM hotI haiM / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ekatva, pRthakatva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga aura vibhAga ko paryAya kA lakSaNa kahA hai / eka paryAya kA dUsare paryAya ke sAtha dravya kI dRSTi se ekatva (tAdAtmya) hotA hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se donoM paryAya eka-dUsare se pRthak hotI hai| saMkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI paryAyoM meM bheda hotA hai| isI prakAra saMsthAna arthAt AkRti kI dRSTi se bhI paryAya-bheda hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina darzana meM hama jise paryAya kahate haiM, use maharSi pataMjali ne mahAbhASya ke pazapAzAhnika meM AkRti kahA hai / ve likhate haiM 'dravya nitymaakRtirnityaa'| jisa paryAya kA saMyoga (utpAda) hotA hai, usakA vinAza bhI nizcita rUpa se hotA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI paryAya se rahita nahIM hotA / phira bhI dravya kI ve paryAyeM sthira bhI nahIM rahatI haiM, ve prati samaya parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne paryAya parivartana kI ina ghaTanAoM ko dravya meM hone vAle utpAda aura vyaya ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA hai| dravya meM pratikSaNa pUrva paryAya kA nAza yA vyaya tathA uttara paryAya kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai| utpAda aura vyaya kI ghaTanA jisameM yA jisake sahAre ghaTita hotI hai yA jo parivartita hotA hai, vahI dravya haiM / jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya meM bhI kathaMcit tAdAtmya isa artha meM hai ki paryAya se rahita hokara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| dravya kI paryAya badalate rahane para bhI dravya meM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI aisA nahIM hotA ki vaha paryAya se rahita ho / siddhasena divAkara kA kathana hai ki na to paryAyoM se pRthak hokara dravya apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai aura na dravya se pRthaka hokara paryAya kA hI koI astitva hotA hai / sattAtmaka stara para dravya aura paryAya alaga-alaga sattAe~ nahIM hai / ve tattvataH abhinna haiM, kintu dravya ke bane rahane para bhI paryAyoM kI utpatti aura vinAza kA krama ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| yadi paryAyeM utpanna hotI hai aura vinaSTa hotI hai, to use dravya se kathaMcita bhinna bhI mAnanA hogaa| jisa prakAra bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA vyakti se abhinna hotI haiM, kintu eka hI vyakti meM bAlyAvasthA kA vinAza aura yuvAvasthA kI prApti dekhI jAtI hai / ataH apane vinAza aura utpatti kI dRSTi se ve paryAyeM vyakti se pRthak hI kahI jA sakatI haiM / vaicArika stara para pratyeka paryAya dravya se bhinnatA rakhatI hai / saMkSepa meM tAttvika stara para yA sattA kI dRSTi se hama dravya aura paryAya ko alaga-alaga nahIM kara sakateM, ataH ve abhinna hai| kintu vaicArika

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana stara para dravya aura paryAya ko paraspara pRthak mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki paryAya utpanna hotI haiM aura naSTa hotI haiM, jabaki dravya banA rahatA hai, ataH ve dravya se bhinna bhI hotI haiM aura abhinna bhI / jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya kI yaha kathaMcit abhinnatA aura kathaMcit bhinnatA unake anekAMtika dRSTikoNa kI paricAyaka hai| paryAya ke prakAra (ka) jIva paryAya aura ajIva paryAya paryAyoM ke prakAroM kI Agamika AdhAroM para carcA karate hue dravyAnuyoga (pR.38) meM upAdhyAya zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI ma.sA. kamala likhate haiM ki prajJApanA (sUtra) meM paryAya ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM - 1. jIva paryAya aura 2. ajIva paryAya / ye donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM ananta hotI haiN| jIva paryAya kisa prakAra ananta hotI hai, isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nairayika, bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka, vaimAnika, pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika, tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika, dvIndriya, tryendriya, caturIndriya, tiryaMJcayonika aura manuSya ye sabhI jIva asaMkhyAt haiM, kintu vanaspatikAyika aura siddha jIva to ananta haiM, isalie jIva paryAyeM ananta haiM / isI prakAra ajIva pudgala Adi rUpa hai, punaH pudgala skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu rUpa hotA hai, sAtha hI usameM varNa, gandha, rasa, rUpa aura sparza guNa hote haiM, phira inake bhI aneka AvAntara bheda hote haiM, sAtha hI pratyeka guNa ke bhI aneka aMza (Degress) hote haiM, ataH ina vibhinna aMzoM aura unake vibhinna saMyogoM kI apekSA se pudgala Adi ajIva dravyoM kI bhI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM / jinakA vistRta vivecana prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya pada meM kiyA gayA hai| (kha) artha paryAya aura vyaJjana paryAya punaHparyAya do prakAra ke hotI hai - 1. artha paryAya aura 2. vyaJjanaparyAya / eka hI padArtha kI pratikSaNa meM parivartita hone vAlI kramabhAvI paryAyoM ko artha paryAya kahate haiM, tathA padArtha kI usake vibhinna prakAroM evaM bhedoM meM jo paryAya hotI hai, use vyaJjana kahate haiM / artha paryAya sUkSma evaM vyaJjana paryAya sthUla hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki dhavalA (4/1/5/.4/337/6) meM dravya paryAya ko hI vyaJjana paryAya kahA gayA hai aura guNa paryAya ko hI artha paryAya bhI kahA gayA hai / dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya kI carcA hama pUrva kara cuke haiM / yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki yadi vyaJjana paryAya hI dravya paryAya aura artha paryAya hI guNa paryAya hai to phira inheM pRthak-pRthak kyoM batAyA gayA hai, isakA uttara yaha hai ki pravAha kI apekSA se vyaJjana paryAya cirakAyika hotI hai, jaise jIva kI cetanA paryAya sadaiva banI rahatI hai, cAhe cetana avasthAe~ badalatI raheM, isake viparIta artha paryAya guNoM aura unake aMzoM kI apekSA se prati samaya badalatI rahatI hai| vyaJjana paryAya sAmAnya hai, jaise jIvoM kI cetanA paryAyeM jo sabhI jIvoM meM aura sabhI kAloM meM pAI jAtI haiN| ve dravya kI sahabhAvI paryAyeM haiM aura artha paryAya vizeSa hai, jaise kisI vyakti vizeSa kI kAla vizeSa meM hone vAlI krodha Adi kI kramika avasthAe~, ataH artha paryAya kramabhAvI haiM, ve kramika rUpa se kAla krama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI haiM / kAlakRta bheda ke AdhAra para, unheM dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya se pRthak kahA gayA hai /

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48 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA (ga) Urdhva paryAya aura tiryak paryAya paryAya ko Urdhva paryAya evaM tiryak paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaise bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke aneka manuSyoM kI apekSA se manuSyoM kI jo ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM, ve tiryak paryAya kahIM jAtI haiN| jabaki eka hI manuSya ke trikAla meM pratikSaNa hone vAle paryAya pariNamana kA Urdhva paryAya kahA jAtA hai| tiryak abheda meM bheda grAhI hai aura Urdhva paryAya bheda meM abheda grAhI hai| yadyapi paryAya dRSTi bhedagrAhI hI hotI hai, phira bhI apekSA bheda se yA upacAra se yaha kahA gayA hai| dUsare rUpa meM tiryak paryAya dravya sAmAnya ke dik gata bheda kA grahaNa karatI hai aura Urdhva paryAya dravya-vizeSa ke kAlagata bhedoM ko| (gha) svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya dravya meM apane nija svabhAva kI jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve svabhAva paryAya kahIM jAtI haiM aura para ke nimitta se jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve vibhAva paryAya hotI haiM / jaise karma ke nimitta se AtmA ke jo krodhAdi kaSAya rUpa pariNamana haiM, ve vibhAva paryAya haiM aura AtmA yA kevalI kA jJAtA-draSTA bhAva svabhAva paryAya hai| jIvita zarIra pudgala kI vibhAva paryAya hai aura varNa, gandha Adi svabhAva paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla kI vibhAva paryAya nahIM hai / ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza Adi ko upacAra se AkAza kA vibhAva paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu yathArtha se nahIM, kyoMki AkAza akhaNDa dravya hai, usameM bheda upacAra se mAne jA sakate haiM / (Ga) sajAtIya aura vijAtIya dravya paryAya sajAtIya dravyoM ke paraspara milane se jo paryAya utpanna hotI hai, vaha sajAtIya dravya paryAya hai, jaise samAna varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi se banA skandha / isase bhinna vijAtIya paryAya hai| (ca) kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya svabhAva paryAya ke antargata do prakAra kI paryAyeM hotI haiM, kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya / paryAyoM meM paraspara kArya bhAva hotA hai| jo svabhAva paryAya kAraNa rUpa hotI hai kAraNa zuddha paryAya hai aura jo svabhAva paryAya kArya rUpa hotI hai, ve kArya zuddha paryAya haiM / kintu yaha kathana sApekSa rUpa se samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki jo paryAya kisI kA kAraNa hai, vahI dUsarI kA kArya bhI ho sakatI hai| isI krama meM vibhAva paryAyoM ko bhI kArya azuddha paryAya yA kAraNa azuddha paryAya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / (cha) sahabhAvI paryAya aura kramabhAvI paryAya jaba kisI dravya meM yA guNa meM aneka paryAyeM eka sAtha hotI haiM, to ve sahabhAvI paryAya kahI jAtI haiM / jaise pudgala dravya meM varNa, gandha, rasa Adi rUpa paryAyoM kA eka sAtha honA / kAla kI apekSA se jina paryAyoM meM krama pAyA jAtA hai, ve krama bhAvI paryAya haiN| jaise bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA /

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana (ja) sAmAnya paryAya aura vizeSa paryAya vaise to sabhI paryAya vizeSa hI haiM, kintu aneka dravyoM kI jo samarUpa paryAyeM haiM, ve sAmAnya paryAya kahI jA sakatI haiM, jaise aneka jIvoM kA manuSya paryAya meM honA / jJAtavya hai ki paryAyoM meM na kevala mAtrAtmaka arthAt saMkhyA aura aMzoM (Degrees) kI apekSA se bheda hotA hai, apitu guNoM kI apekSA se bhI bheda hote haiM / mAtrA kI apekSA se eka aMza kAlA, do aMza kAlA, ananta aMza kAlA Adi bheda hote haiM, jabaki guNAtmaka dRSTi se kAlA, lAla, zveta Adi athavA khaTTA-mIThA Adi athavA manuSya, pazu, nAraka Adi bheda hote haiM / guNa aura paryAya kI vAstavikatA kA prazna jo dArzanika sattA aura guNa meM abhinnatA yA tAdAtmya ke pratipAdaka haiM aura jo parama sattA ko tattvataH advaita mAnate haiM, ve guNa aura paryAya ko vAstavika nahIM, apitu prAtibhAsika mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi guNoM kI parama sattA se pRthak koI sattA hI nahIM hai, ye mAtra pratItiyA haiM / anubhava ke stara para jinakA utpAda yA vyaya hai arthAt jo parivartanazIla hai, vaha sat nahIM hai, mAtra pratibhAsa hai| unake anusAra parama sattA (brahma) nirguNa hai| isI prakAra vijJAnavAdI yA pratyayavAdI dArzanikoM ke anusAra paramANu bhI eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo vibhinna indriyoM dvArA rUpAdi vibhinna guNoM kI pratIti karAtA hai, kintu vastutaH usameM ina guNoM kI koI sattA nahIM hotI hai / ina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi kI anubhUti hamAre mana para nirbhara karatI hai / ataH ve vastu ke sambandha meM hamAre manovikalpa hI haiN| unakI koI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| yadi hamArI indriyoM kI saMracanA bhinna prakAra kI hotI to unase hameM jo saMvedanA hotI vaha bhI bhinna prakAra kI hotii| yadi saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM kI A~khoM kI saMracanA meM raMga aMdhatA hotI to ve saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM ko kevala zveta-zyAma rUpa meM hI dekhate aura unheM anya raMgoM kA koI bodha nahIM hotaa| lAlAdi raMgoM ke astitva kA vicAra hI nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra indradhanuSa ke raMga mAtra pratIti hai vAstavika nahIM athavA jisa prakAra hamAre svapna kI vastue~ mAtra manokalpanAe~ haiM, usI prakAra guNa aura paryAya bhI mAtra pratibhAsa haiM / cittavikalpa vAstavika nahIM hai| kintu jaina dArzanika anya vastuvAdI dArzanikoM (Realist) ke samAna dravya ke sAtha-sAtha guNa aura paryAya ko bhI yathArtha/vAstavika mAnate haiM / unake anusAra pratIti aura pratyaya yathArtha ke hI hote haiM / jo ayathArtha ho usakA koI pratyaya (Idea) yA pratIti hI nahIM ho sakatI hai| AkAza-kusuma yA parI Adi kI ayathArtha kalpanAe~ bhI do yathArtha anubhUtiyoM kA caittasika stara para kiyA gayA mizraNa mAtra hai| svapna bhI yathArtha anubhUtiyoM aura unake caittasika stara para kiye gaye mizraNoM se hI nirmita hote haiM, janmAndha ko kabhI raMgoM ke koI svapna nahIM hote haiM / ataH ayathArtha kI koI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| isase na kevala dravya apitu guNa aura paryAya bhI vAstavika (Real) siddha hote haiM / sattA kI isa vAstavikatA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna jaina AcAryoM ne use astikAya kahA hai| ataH utpAda-vyaya dharmA hokara bhI paryAya pratibhAsa na hokara, vAstavika haiM /

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50 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kramabaddha paryAya paryAyoM ke sambandha meM jo eka mahattvapUrNa prazna ina dinoM bahucarcita hai, vaha hai paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA / yaha to sarvamAnya hai ki paryAyeM sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI hotI haiM, kintu paryAyeM kramabaddha hI haiM, yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai| paryAyeM krama se ghaTita hotI haiM, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lene para ki paryAyoM ke ghaTita hone kA yaha krama bhI pUrva niyata hai, puruSArtha ke lie koI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA hai / paryAyoM ko kramabaddha mAnane kA mukhya AdhAra jaina darzana meM pracalita sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA hai / jaba eka bAra yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sabhI dravyoM ke traikAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, to isakA artha hai ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM sabhI dravyoM kI sarva paryAyeM kramabaddha aura niyata haiM, unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM hai| bhavitavyatA ko puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se badalane kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| jisakA jaisA paryAya pariNamana honA hai, vaha vaisA hI hogA / isa avadhAraNA kA eka acchA pakSa yaha hai ki ise mAna lene para vyakti bhUta aura bhAvI ke sambandha meM vyartha ke saMkalpa-vikalpa se mukta rahakara samabhAva meM raha sakatA hai| dUsare usameM kartRtva kA mithyA ahaMkAra bhI nahIM hotA hai| kintu isakA durbala pakSa yaha hai, isameM puruSArtha ke lie avakAza nahIM rahatA hai aura vyakti nirAzAvAdI aura akarmaNya bana jAtA hai| apane bhaviSya ko saMvArane kA vizvAsa bhI vyakti ke pAsa nahIM raha jAtA hai / kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda kI samarthaka hai, ataH isameM naitika uttaradAyitva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai / yadi vyakti apanI svatantra icchA zakti se kucha bhI anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai to use kisI bhI acche-bure karma ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / yadyapi isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka jainadarzana ke paMcakAraNasamavAya ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para puruSArtha kI sambhAvanA se iMkAra nahIM karate haiM / kintu yadi unake anusAra puruSArtha niyata hai aura vyakti saMkalpa svAtantrya ke AdhAra para anyathA kucha karane meM samartha nahIM hai to use puruSArtha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai aura yadi puruSArtha niyata hai to phira vaha niyati se bhinna nahIM hai| kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA meM vyakti niyati kA dAsa banakara raha jAtA hai| cAhe paMcakAraNasamavAya ke AdhAra para kArya meM puruSArtha Adi anya kAraNa ghaTakoM kI sattA mAna bhI lI jAye to bhI ve niyata hI hoNge| ataH kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda se bhinna nahIM hogI / niyativAda vyakti ko saMkalpa-vikalpa se aura kartRtva ke ahaMkAra se dUra rakhakara, citta ko samAdhi to detA hai, kintu usameM naitika uttaradAyitva aura sAdhanAtmaka puruSArtha ke lie koI guMjAiza nahIM hai| yadi kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA vAle pakSa kI ora se yaha kahA jAye ki jo asarvajJa hai, vaha apane bhAvI ko nahIM jAnatA hai, ataH use puruSArtha karanA cAhie / kintu isa kathana ko eka sujhAva mAtra kahA jAtA hai, isake pIche saiddhAntika bala nahIM hai| yadi sarvajJa ke jJAna meM merI samasta bhAvI paryAyeM niyata haiM to phira puruSArtha karane kA kyA artha raha jAtA hai / aura jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai yadi puruSArtha kI paryAyeM bhI niyata haiM to phira usake lie preraNA kA kyA artha hai ?

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana 51 kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke pakSa meM sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA ke atirikta eka anya tarka kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta kI kaThora vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI diyA jAtA hai| yadi kAryakAraNa vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta ko apane kaThora artha meM liyA jAtA hai to phira isa vyavasthA ke adhIna bhI sabhI paryAyeM niyata hI siddha hogii| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sarvajJatA kA jo artha paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne liyA hai, usakA aisA artha prAcIna kAla meM nahIM thA / usa samaya sarvajJa kA artha dharmajJa thA yA adhika se adhika tAtkAlika sabhI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA jJAna thA / bhagavatIsUtra kI yaha avadhAraNA ki "kevalI siya jANaI siya Na jANaI" se bhI sarvajJatA kA vaha artha ki sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM traikAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai khaNDita hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne to spaSTa kahA hai ki nizcaya naya se sarvajJa AtmajJa hotA hai, sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM kI sabhI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha mAtra vyavahAra kathana hai aura vyavahAra abhUtArtha hai / isa sambandha meM paM. sukhalAla jI, Do. nagIna je. zAha aura maiMne vistAra se carcA kI hai, yahA~ usa carcA ko doharAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai / punaH jaina karma siddhAnta se karmavipAka meM udIraNA, saMkramaNa, apavartana aura udavartana Adi kI jo avadhAraNAe~ haiM, ve karma vyavasthA meM puruSArtha kI sambhAvanAe~ spaSTa kara detI haiM / punaH yadi mahAvIra ko kramabaddhaparyAya kI avadhAraNA mAnya hotI to phira gozAlaka ke niyativAda ke sthAna para puruSArthavAda kI sthApanA ve kyoM karate? jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai na to bhagavatI, prajJApanA Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM aura na SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa Adi digambara AgamoM meM tathA na hI kundakunda ke granthoM meM kahIM kramabaddhaparyAya kI spaSTa avadhAraNA hai / phira bhI kramabaddha paryAya ke sambandha meM Do. hukamacandra jI bhArilla kA jo grantha hai, vaha darzana jagat meM isa viSaya para likhA gayA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa sambandha meM mata vaibhinya apanI jagaha hai, kintu paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA ke samarthana meM sarvajJatA ko AdhAra mAnakara dI gaI unakI yuktiyA~ apanA mahattva rakhatI haiN| vistAra bhaya se isa sambandha meM gahana carcA meM na jAkara apane lekha ko yahI virAma denA cAhUMgA aura vidvAnoM se apekSA karUMgA ki paryAya ke sambandha meM uThAye gaye ina praznoM para jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM apanA cintana prastuta kreN|

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa devendrakumAra zAstrI bhAratIya dharma-darzana, vijJAna, saMskRti, sAhitya Adi meM 'paryAya' zabda kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM tathA vividha sandarbho meM kiyA jAtA hai / jainadharma kA yaha eka pAribhASika zabda hai, jo vastu meM aMzakalpanA ke lie prayukta hotA hai / zabdakozoM meM 'paryAya' zabda ke aneka artha lakSita hote haiM / saMskRta sAhitya meM isakA prAcInatama prayoga vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / vahA~ para isakA artha avadhi (kAla-sImA) hai| 'paryAya' zabda kI vyutpatti evaM artha 'paryAya' zabda kI vyutpatti kaI prakAra se kI gaI hai| sAmAnyataH yaha 'pari' pUrvaka 'ay' dhAtu se niSpanna hai, jisakA artha hai - pariNamana / jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare so paryAya hai / jo svabhAvavibhAva rUpa se gamana karatI hai arthAt pariNamana karatI hai vaha paryAya hai, aisI vyutpatti hai / AcArya hemacandra ne "abhidhAnacintAmaNinAmamAlA" meM anupUrvI, paripATI, krama, anukrama, AvRtti tathA paryAya ina chahoM ko SaDanukrama kahA hai / 'paryAya' zabda ke sabase adhika artha "gIrvANalaghukoza" meM milate haiM - 1. pherA, 2. pravAha, 3. punarAvRtti, 4. anukrama, 5. prakAra, 6. upAya, 7. samAnArthaka zabda, 8. nirmANa, 9. anta, 10. viparItatA, 11. dravyadharma vizeSa, 12. ekatrita karanA / ___ 'paryAya' zabda ke bodhaka 'paryAya' aura 'paryava' zabda eka hI haiM / aMza, paryAya, bhAga, hAra, vidhA, prakAra, bheda, cheda, bhaMga, vyavahAra, vikalpa se saba ekArthavAcaka haiM / 'paryAya' ko vizeSa, apavAda aura vyAvRtti bhI kahate haiN| - yathArtha meM 'paryAya' kA artha vastu kA vaha aMza hai, jo pariNamanazIla hai| pratyeka vastu meM do prakAra ke aMza haiM - dhruva aura kSaNika / dravya, guNa aura paryAyeM sAmAnyataH eka 'artha' nAma se kahI gaI hai / artha dravyamayI hai aura dravya guNamUlaka kahe gaye haiM tathA dravya aura guNoM se paryAyeM hotI haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana meM dravya, guNa, paryAya ke sandarbha meM paryAya kA Alocana kiyA jAtA hai|

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa 53 dUsare zabdoM meM paryAya ke binA vastu kA aura vastu ke binA paryAya kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jisameM guNa vasate haiM, use vastu kahate haiM / pratyeka padArtha sattAvAn aura svatantra hai / dravya sattArUpa hai, guNa sattArUpa haiM aura paryAya sattArUpa haiM / isa prakAra sattA kA vistAra hai / parantu tInoM meM dravya, guNa, paryAya kI ekatA kA paraspara meM abhAva hai| jaise eka motI kI mAlA hAra, sUtra aura motI ina bhedoM se tIna prakAra kI hai, usI prakAra eka padArtha dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| jaise motI kI mAlA meM zukla guNa, zveta hAra tathA sapheda dhAgA aura zukla motI kI bhinnatA se bheda dekhA jAtA hai, vaise hI dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM sattA kA vistAra hone se bhinnatA hai / ataH motI kI mAlA meM jo zveta guNa hai so hAra nahIM hai, sUtra nahIM hai aura motI nahIM hai| unameM paraspara bheda hai / isI prakAra eka dravya meM jo sattA guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM, guNa nahIM aura paryAya nahIM hai tathA jo dravya, guNa aura paryAya hai so sattA nahIM haiM / isa prakAra paraspara bheda haiM / yaha bheda svarUpa se hai| jaise dravya svatantra hai, guNa svatantra hai, vaise paryAya bhI svatantra hai / vaha eka samaya kA sat hai / isIlie inameM anyatva bheda vyavahAra se kahA jAtA hai; na ki dravya kA abhAva guNa hai aura guNa kA abhAva dravya hai-aisA abhAvarUpa bheda nahIM hai / bheda jo kahA gayA hai, vaha guNa-guNI meM bhinnatA hone se anyatva-bheda hai; sarvathA abhAvarUpa bheda nahIM hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki inameM do dravyoM jaisI bhinnatA nahIM hai, kyoMki inameM pradeza-bheda kA abhAva hai| ataH ise pRthakatva kA niSedha kahate haiM; parantu inameM tad-abhAvarUpa milatA hai, kyoMki saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA se inameM bheda hai| isako anyatva kA samarthana kahate haiN| dravya, guNa, paryAya ina tInoM ke nAma alaga-alaga hone se saMjJA-bheda hai / dravya eka hai, guNa ananta haiM, paryAyeM antAnanta haiM, isalie saMkhyA-bheda hai / dravya kA jo lakSaNa kahA gayA hai, vahIM guNa aura paryAya kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, ataH yaha lakSaNa-bheda hai| inakA prayojana hai - guNa-paryAyoM kA bheda kie binA akhaNDa eka vastu kA jJAna karAnA / zuddha dravya Azraya karane yogya upAdeya hai, yaha dravya kA prayojana hai| dravya kI mahimA prakaTa kara kahanA yaha guNa kA prayojana hai aura dravya-guNoM ke kArya batAnA yaha padArtha kA prayojana hai| isa prakAra tInoM meM prayojana-bheda hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki ina tInoM meM guNa-guNI bheda hai, parantu pradezabheda nahIM / tathA sattA ke svarUpa kA abhAva dravya, guNa, paryAyoM meM hai aura dravya, guNa, paryAya ke svarUpa kA abhAva sattA meM hai| isa prakAra eka dravya meM jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM hai aura jo guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM hai| dravya kA lakSaNa - guNa aura paryAyavAn ko dravya kahate haiM / jisameM guNa aura paryAya hote haiM, vaha dravya hai| pratyeka dravya kA pariNamana-svabhAva hai| vastu kA svabhAva pariNAma vastu se abhinna kiMvA eka rUpa hai / pariNAma kA zabdArtha paryAya hai| paryAya ke binA koI dravya nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki aisA niyama hai ki koI bhI dravya kisI bhI samaya meM pariNamana kie binA nahIM rahatA / 12 jaise dUdha, dahI, takra, navanIta, ghI Adi gorasa ke pariNAma haiM / ina pariNAmoM ke binA gorasa bhinna nahIM pAyA jAtA / jahA~ ye pariNAma nahIM hai, vahA~ gorasa kI sattA nahIM hai / vAstava meM dravya ke binA pariNAma nahIM hotA / kyoMki pariNAma kA AdhAra dravya hai / yadi dravya na ho, to pariNAma kisake Azraya se rahe / yadi gorasa nahIM hai, to dUdha,

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA dahI, chAcha, ghI kahA~ se utpanna hogA / isI prakAra dravya ke binA pariNAma nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra jo dravya, guNa, paryAya meM sthita hai, vaha padArtha hai / pariNAmaH paryAya - pariNAma (paryAya) ke binA dravya nahIM hotA hai / jisameM dravya, guNa, paryAya kI ekatA hai, usameM dravya kA astitva hai| jo ina tInoM meM se eka bhI kama hai, vaha dravya nahIM ho sktaa| jaise svarNa dravya hai, usameM pItAdi guNa haiM aura kuNDala Adi paryAya haiM / ye guNa aura puryAya dravya ke hI AtmasvarUpa haiM / isalie ye kisI bhI dazA meM dravya se pRthak nahIM hote / dravya ke pariNamana ko paryAya kahate haiM, jo batalAtA hai ki dravya sadA eka-sA kAyama na rahakara pratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| jisake kAraNa dravya sajAtIya se milate hue aura vijAtIya se bhinna pratIta hote haiM, ve guNa kahalAte haiM / ye guNa hI anuvRtti aura vyAvRtti ke sAdhana hote haiM / 13" yaha pahale hI kaha Aye haiM ki "paryAya" kA vAstavika artha vastu kA aMza hai / dhruva anvayI yA sahabhUta tathA kSaNika vyatirekI yA kramabhAvI ke bheda se ve aMza do prakAra ke hote haiM / anvayI ko guNa aura vyatirekI ko paryAya kahate haiM / ve guNa ke vizeSa pariNamana rUpa hotI haiM / aMza kI apekSA yadyapi donoM hI aMza paryAya haiM, para rUr3hi se kevala vyatirekI aMza ko hI paryAya kahanA prasiddha hai|" itanA vizeSa hai ki jaisA dravya hotA hai, vaise hI guNa paryAya hote haiN| yadi dravya svarNa hai, to usameM svarNa kA guNa aura paryAya kar3A, kuNDala Adi pariNAma hogA aura yadi dravya miTTI hogI to guNa aura pariNAma ghaTa, sakorA Adi mRttikArUpa hogA / eka samaya kA sat paryAya eka samaya kA sat hai / jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM se yukta hai, vaha sat hai| ye tInoM eka sat ke hI aMza haiM / yadi padArtha ko sarvathA kUTastha nitya mAnA jAe to bIja se vRkSa taka kI pariNamita hone vAlI vibhinna utpadyamAna aura nAzavAna avasthAoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga aaegaa| parantu vastu-sthiti yaha hai ki AgAmI paryAya kA utpAda, pUrva paryAya kA vyaya, mUla vastu kI sthiratA (dhruvatA) ina tInoM kI ekatA hI dravya kA lakSaNa hai / dravya ke guNa-paryAya rUpa pariNamana ko svabhAva kahate haiM, jo utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya sahita hai| jaise eka dravya ke caur3AI rUpa sUkSmapradeza aneka haiM, usI prakAra samasta dravyoM kI pariNati ke pravAhakrama se lambAIrUpa sUkSmapariNAma bhI aneka haiM / dravyoM kI caur3AI pradeza hai aura lambAI pariNati hai| pradeza sadA kAla sthAyI hai, isalie vaha caur3AI hai aura pariNati pravAha rUpa krama se hai, isalie lambAI hai / jaise dravya ke pradeza pRthak-pRthak haiM, usI prakAra tIna kAla sambandhI pariNAma bhI alaga-alaga haiM / eka dravya apane sampUrNa pradezoM meM hai, isa apekSA se na utpanna hotA hai, na nAza hotA hai, dhruva hai / ataH pradeza utpAda, vyaya aura dhruvatA ko dhAraNa kie hue haiN| isI prakAra pariNAma apane kAla meM pUrva se uttara pariNAmoM kI apekSA utpAda-svarUpa hai, sadA eka pariNatipravAha kI apekSA dhruva hai / isa kAraNa pariNAma bhI utpAda-vyaya-dhruvatA saMyukta hai / yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki vyaya rahita utpAda nahIM hotA aura utpAda rahita vyaya nahIM hotA evaM utpAda tathA vyaya ye donoM nitya

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa 55 sthira rUpa padArtha ke binA nahIM hote / utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya dravya kI paryAyoM meM rahate haiM aura nizcaya hI paryAyeM dravya meM rahatI haiM / 8 utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya paryAya para avalambita haiM aura paryAyeM dravya ke Azrita haiM / isa kAraNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya sabhI eka dravya haiM, anya koI dravyAntara nahIM hai| jaise vRkSa, skandha, zAkhA, mUla AdirUpa hai, parantu skandhAdi vRkSa se pRthak padArtha nahIM haiM, vaise hI utpAdAdi se dravya pRthak nahIM hai, eka hI hai / dravya aMzI hai aura utpAdAdi aMza haiM / 8 kAlabodhaka pratyayaH paryAya - pratyeka vastu apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se yukta hotI hai| usakA astitva svacatuSTaya (dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva) se hai; paracatuSTaya se nahIM hai / ataH svacatuSTaya ke binA vastu kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra pratyeka vastu svayaM dravya hai, usake pradeza usakA kSetra haiM; kyoMki sabhI dravya apane pradezoM meM nivAsa karate haiM, usake guNa usakA bhAva hai, usI prakAra usakI paryAyeM usakA kAla hai / dUsare zabdoM meM guNa bhAva kA, pradeza kSetra kA aura paryAya kAlavAcaka hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye dravya ke bheda haiM; eka aura aneka ye bhAva ke bheda haiM / abheda aura bheda ye kSetra ke bheda haiM aura nitya tathA anitya ye kAla ke bheda haiM / kAla dravya kA astitva jIva aura pudgala ke pariNamana se jAnA jAtA hai / kAla dravya kI samaya Adi paryAya jIva, pudgala ke pariNamana karane se hI prakaTa hotI hai| isa kAraNa kAla dravya bhI loka meM hai / sabase sUkSma avibhAgI paramANu hotA hai| vaha paramANu jitanI jagaha ghera kara ThaharatA hai, rahatA hai, utanI jagaha kA nAma pradeza hai| yadyapi pudgala dravya paramANu kI apekSA apradezI hai, tathApi do aNu Adi meM milane kI zakti hai / paryAyoM kI apekSA saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, anantapradezI pudgala dravya hai / lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM aura ekaeka pradeza meM eka-eka kAlANu ThaharA huA hai / yadyapi kAlANu paraspara milane rUpa zakti se rahita hai, tathApi saMkhyA meM asaMkhyAta haiM / eka AkAza ke pradeza meM jo kAlANu hai, vaha dUsare pradeza meM rahane vAle kAlANu se kadApi nahIM milatA, isa kAraNa anya pradezavarti kAlANu se bhinna hai| yadi kAlANu bhinna nahIM hote aura unameM milane kI zakti hotI to samaya nAmaka paryAya bhI nahIM hotii| paryAya samaya se anya koI bhI kAla nahIM hai, jo niraMzI hai| isa prakAra sat sAmAnya kI pariNamana rUpa vivakSA se kAla kA nirvacana kiyA jAtA hai| "SaTkhaNDAgama" meM kahA gayA hai ki pariNAmoM se pRthak bhUtakAla kA abhAva hai| pariNAma ananta kahe gae haiM22 / yahI nahIM, atIta aura anAgata paryAyoM ko kAla svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / paryAya kA lakSaNa - paryAya dravya ke krama-bhAvI aMza haiM / AcArya jayasena anvaya ko guNa kA aura vyatireka ko paryAya kA lakSaNa kahate haiM / guNa aura paryAya meM yahI antara hai ki dhruva anvayI yA sahabhAvI kA nAma guNa hai aura kramabhAvI kA nAma paryAya hai / vAstava meM guNa, paryAyeM eka dravyaparyAya hai, kyoMki guNa aura paryAya eka dravyAtmaka hI hotI hai / paryAya dravya ke vyatirekI aMza hai / jo vyatirekI hai aura anitya hai tathA apane kAla meM dravya ke sAtha tanmaya hokara rahatI hai, aisI avasthA vizeSa yA dharma yA aMza ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai / 24 paryAya eka ke bAda dUsarI isa prakAra krama se hotI hai, isalie paryAya kramavartI kahIM jAtI hai / 25 paryAyeM vyatirekI hotI haiM26, AcArya amRcandra anvaya ko dravya kahate haiM, dravya ke vizeSaNoM ko guNa aura dravya vyatireka

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56 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ko paryAya kahate haiM / 27 'vyatireka' kA artha yahA~ para bheda hai / jo kAla ke pramANa se eka samaya mAtra caitanya Adi ke pariNati-bheda haiM, unako paryAya kahate haiN| padArthoM ke avayavoM ko bhI paraspara vyatireka vAle hone se unako bhI paryAya kahA jAtA hai / 28 vizva meM jitane jJeya padArtha haiM, ve sabhI guNa, paryAya sahita haiM / ataH pratyeka dravya AdhArabhUta anantaguNasvarUpa hai / guNa kA nAma vistAra hai, paryAya kA nAma Ayata hai / 29 vistAra caur3AI ko kahate haiM aura Ayata lambAI ko kahate haiM / guNa caur3AIrUpa haiM, jo avinAzI sadA dravya ke sAtha rahane vAle haiM aura paryAya lambAI rUpa haiM, jisase atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna tInoM kAloM meM eka ke bAda dUsarI isa krama se prakaTa hotI haiN| paryAya ke bheda - yaha vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai ki sampUrNa dravya pariNamana karatA hai, dravyAMza nahIM / jaise taraMgamAlAoM se vyApta samudra taraMga rUpa se svayaM pariNamana karatA hai, kyoMki 'sat' svayaM utpAda hai, svayaM dhrauvya hai aura svayaM vyaya bhI hai| AcArya akalaMka deva kahate haiM ki dravya kI paryAya ke parivartana hone para aparivartanIya aMza koI avazya rahatA hai| yadi koI aMza parivartanazIla aura koI aMza aparivartanazIla ho to dravya meM sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya kA doSa AtA hai / jinAgama kI yaha mUla mAnyatA hai ki dravya jisa samaya jisa bhAvarUpa se pariNamana karatA hai, usa samaya vaha vaisA hI hotA hai / 35 utpAda, vyaya ko dravya kA aMza kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki utpAda, sthiti aura bhaMga paryAyoM meM hotA hai / paryAyeM niyama se dravya hotI haiM, isalie una sampUrNa rUpa meM eka dravya hai / utpAdAdi saba dravya hI haiM, ve dravya se pRthak nahIM haiM / 32 paryAya ke do bheda haiM - eka dravyaparyAya aura dUsarI guNaparyAya / aneka dravyoM se milakara jo eka paryAya hotI hai, vaha dravyaparyAya hai| dravyaparyAya do prakAra kI hai - eka samAna jAtIya, dUsarI asamAna jAtIya / vAstava meM dravya ke jitane pradeza rUpa aMza haiM, utane saba nAma se dravyaparyAya haiM / dravyaparyAya kA lakSaNa yaha kahA gayA hai ki aneka dravyoM meM ekatA kA bodha karAne vAlI dravyaparyAya hai, vaha aneka dravyAtmaka ekatA kI pratipatti kI kAraNabhUta dravyaparyAya hai / 33 aneka dravyoM kI jo eka paryAya hai, vaha dravyaparyAya hai| aneka dravyoM meM vaha eka dravyatva ke lie kAraNa kahI gaI hai|34 acetana dravya kA anya acetana dravyoM ke sAtha mila jAnA samAnajAtIya dravyaparyAya hai| ataH pudgala dravya ke do, tIna, cAra ityAdi paramANu milakara skandha ho jAte haiM / jIva kA anya bhava meM jAne se zarIra rUpa pudgaloM ke sAtha manuSya, deva Adi paryAya kI utpatti honA, acetana pudgala dravyoM ke sAtha milApa honA asamAnajAtIya dravyaparyAya hai| ye donoM prakAra kI aneka dravyAtmaka ekarUpa dravyaparyAyeM jIvoM aura pudgaloM kI hI hotI hai| yahI nahIM, aneka dravyoM kA paraspara saMzleSa rUpa sambandha hone se ve sabhI paryAyeM azuddha hI hotI haiM / parantu dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina cAra dravyoM kA paraspara saMzleSa rUpa sambandha na hone se unakI paryAya kabhI bhI azuddha nahIM hotI; kyoMki azuddhatA paradravya ke sambandha se kahI jAtI hai / 35 guNaparyAya ke bhI do bheda kahe gaye haiM - svabhAva guNaparyAya aura vibhAva guNaparyAya / AcArya jayasena ke zabdoM meM jo guNa ke dvArA anvaya rUpa se ekatva kI pratipatti rUpa jJAna karAne meM kAraNabhUta hotI hai, use guNaparyAya kahate haiM / vaha eka dravyagata hI hotI hai, jaise Ama ke phala meM harA, pIlA Adi gaMgA36 /

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57 paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa svabhAva guNaparyAya vaha hai, jo samasta dravyoM meM prati samaya apane-apane agurulaghu guNoM se SaTguNI hAni-vRddhi rUpa pariNamana hote haiM / vibhAva guNaparyAya vaha hai, jo varNAdi guNa pudgala-skandhoM meM jJAnAdi guNa jIva meM pudgala ke saMyoga ke pahale AgAmI dazA meM hInAdhika hokara pariNamana karate haiN| jaise vastra zuklAdi guNoM se apanI pariNati rUpa paryAya se siddha hai, isalie guNaparyAyamaya vastra hai| isI prakAra dravya guNaparyAyamaya hai| jaise vastra ke do-tIna pATa milakara samAnajAtIya paryAya hotI hai, usI taraha pudgala kI vyaNuka, vyaNukAdi aneka samAnajAtIya paryAya hotI hai / jaise vastra ke rezama aura kapAsa ke dotIna pATa milakara asamAnajAtIya dravyaparyAya hotI hai, usI taraha jIva pudgala milakara deva, manuSya Adi asamAnajAtIya dravyaparyAya hotI hai| jaise kisI vastra meM apane agurulaghuguNa dvArA kAla-krama se nAnA prakAra ke pariNamana hone se anekatA lie zuklAdi guNoM kI guNa-svarUpa svabhAvaparyAya hotI hai, usI prakAra sabhI dravyoM meM sUkSma apane-apane agurulaghuguNoM se samaya-samaya SaTguNI hAni-vRddhi se nAnA svabhAva guNaparyAya haiM / aura jaise vastra meM anya dravya ke saMyoga se varNAdi guNoM kI kRSNa-pItAdi bhedoM se pUrvauttara avasthA meM hIna adhika rUpa vibhAvaguNa-paryAyeM hotI haiM, usI prakAra pudgala meM varNAdi guNoM kI tathA AtmA meM jJAnAdi guNoM kI parasaMyoga se pUrva tathA uttara avasthA meM hIna-adhika vibhAvaguNaparyAya hai|37 anya prakAra se paryAya ke do bheda kahe gaye haiM - arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya eka samayavartI paryAya ko arthaparyAya kahate haiM, jo sUkSma, kSaNakSayI tathA vacanagocara-viSaya nahIM hotI hai / 28 cirakAla taka rahane vAlI paryAya ko vyaJjanaparyAya kahate haiM / vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla, cirakAlasthAyI, vacanagocara tathA alpajJAnI ke jJAna kA viSaya hotI hai / jIva kI manuSya, deva Adi vyaJjanaparyAyeM haiM / jIva kI bhagavAna rUpa siddha-paryAya svabhAva vyaJjanaparyAya hai| manuSya, deva Adi paryAyeM vibhAva vyaJjanaparyAya haiM / avibhAgI pudgala paramANu dravya kI svabhAva dravyavyaJjana paryAya hai / 39 arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya donoM hI svabhAvavibhAva ke bheda se donoM prakAra kI hotI haiM / ye sabhI paryAyeM dravyoM meM aura unake guNoM meM rahatI haiM / jIva ke kevalajJAna Adi svabhAvaguNa haiM aura matijJAna Adi vibhAvaguNa haiM / AcArya kundakunda ne paryAya ke do bhedoM ko isa prakAra kahA hai ki - 1. sva-parasApekSa, 2. nirapekSa / parasApekSa paryAya kA hI dUsarA nAma vibhAvaparyAya hai tathA nirapekSa paryAya kA dUsarA nAma svabhAvaparyAya hai| zrI mAila dhavala ne dravya aura guNoM meM svabhAva tathA vibhAva kI apekSA se paryAyoM ke cAra bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai1 - dravya aura guNoM meM svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya jAnanI caahie| jIva meM jo svabhAva haiM, karmakRta hone se ve bhI vibhAva haiM / dravya kI zuddha paryAya ko hI svabhAva paryAya kahate haiM / jIva dravya ke pradeza zarIrAkAra hote haiM / jIva ke mukta ho jAne para bhI ve pradeza kiMcit nyUna zarIrAkAra hI rahate haiN| phira unameM koI halana-calana nahIM hotA aura na anya AkAra rUpa se pariNamana hotA hai| unakI yaha avasthA jIva dravya kI svabhAva paryAya haiM, kyoMki usake hone meM aba koI paranimitta nahIM hai| kyoMki karma ke nimitta se prApta zarIrAdi kA abhAva ho cukA hai| zrI mAiladhavala ke zabdoM meM jIva ke dravya-bhAvakoM se mukta hue jo pradeza zarIra ke AkAra rUpa se sthita hokara nizcala haiM, ve zuddhadravyaparyAya haiM / isI prakAra dravya-karma aura bhAvakarma se rahati jIva ke jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIryaguNa

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58 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA hote haiM, una rUpa jIva kI zuddha guNaparyAya jAno / 42 paranimitta se hone vAlI paryAya ko vibhAvaparyAya kahate haiM / saMsArI jIva ke AtmapradezoM kA vahI AkAra hotA hai, jo zarIra kA AkAra hotA hai aura zarIra nAmakarma ke nimitta se prApta hotA hai| ataH jIva ke pradezoM kA zarIra rUpa pariNAma honA vibhAva dravyaparyAya hai| isI prakAra saMsArI jIva kI matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna tathA kumati, kuzruta aura kuavadhijJAna ye saba jIva kI zuddha guNaparyAya jAno / 2 paranimitta se hone vAlI paryAya ko vibhAvaparyAya kahate haiM / saMsArI jIva ke AtmapradezoM kA vahI AkAra hotA hai jo zarIra kA AkAra hotA hai aura zarIra nAmakarma ke nimitta se prApta hotA hai / ataH jIva ke pradezoM kA zarIra rUpa pariNAma honA vibhAva dravyaparyAya hai| isI prakAra saMsArI jIva kI matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna tathA kumati, kuzruta aura kuavadhijJAna ye saba jIva kI vibhAvaguNaparyAya haiM / jIva jaba pUrva zarIra ko chor3akara, nayA zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie mor3a pUrvaka gamana karatA hai, usa samaya usake zarIra nahIM hone para bhI usake AtmA ke pradezoM kA vahI AkAra banA rahatA hai, jisa zarIra ko usane chor3a diyA hai / usakI yaha pariNati bhI vibhAvadravyaparyAya hai / 73 isa prakAra jIvadravya kI svabhAva-vibhAva paryAyoM kA aura jIva kI svabhAva-vibhAva guNaparyAyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'dravya' zabda 'dru' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| usakA artha hai - jAnA yA prApta karanA / jo guNa-paryAyoM ko prApta karatA hai, vaha dravya hai| pratyeka dravya eka svabhAva vAlA hai jo anAdisiddhi hai / dravya meM hone vAlI vibhinna pariNamana rUpa jo anekatA hai, usakA kAraNa pariNAma kiMvA paryAya hai| dravya trikAlavartI hai| usameM jo dhruva aMza hai, vaha tInoM kAloM meM dhruva rahatA hai| kintu jo kSaNika aMza hai, usakA pravAha sadA calatA rahatA hai, eka paryAya jAtI hai to dUsarI paryAya AtI hai| isa taraha paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura naSTa hotI rahatI hai; parantu dravya sadA sthira rahatA hai / dravya kabhI na to naSTa hotA hai aura na utpanna hotA hai| pariNamanazIla paryAya - pratyeka vastu nitya hone para bhI pariNamanazIla hai| jo vastu ko sarvathA nitya mAnatA hai, usake mata meM sarvathA nitya padArtha meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI hai| jo arthakriyA se rahita hai, vaha dravya nahIM hai| dravya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai - artha-kriyA kA honA / 5 jo jAnA jAtA hai, prApta kiyA jAtA hai, niSpAdana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha artha, kArya yA paryAya hai / / 6 'artha' se abhiprAya hai - kriyA karane se / kArya ko karane kA nAma arthakriyA hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika aisA mAnate haiM, ki jisameM arthakriyA hotI hai, vahI paramArtha sat hai| parantu sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA kSaNika padArtha meM arthakriyA sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki arthakriyA ke do hI prakAra haiM - prathama vaha krama se hotI hai yA phira eka sAtha hotI hai; kintu sarvathA nitya vastu meM ye donoM hI nahIM ho skte| kyoMki usameM gamana aura sthiti sambhava nahIM hai| phira, nitya meM parivartana nahIM ho sakatA / kAraNa yaha hai ki pUrva svabhAva ko chor3akara uttara svabhAva ko dhAraNa karane vAlA dravya sarvathA nitya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / phira, zubha aura azubha kriyA kA to kyA kahanA hai ?48

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa 59 ukta sampUrNa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki dravya ko samajhane ke lie 'paryAya' kA jJAna Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai / paryAya kA viveka hue binA dravya kI pahacAna nahIM ho sakatI / isake atirikta pratyeka dravya meM jo kArya hotA hai, vaha dravya meM nahIM; paryAya meM hotA hai / dravya meM to kucha ho nahIM sakatA hai| isalie paryAya meM jo zubha, azubha yA zuddha rUpa pariNamana hotA hai, use vyavahAra se usa paryAya ke dravya kA pariNamana kahA jAtA hai / vAstava meM dravya ke aMza paryAya meM hI vaha pariNamana hotA hai, lekina paryAya kA AdhAra dravya hone se vaha dravya kA pariNamana kahA jAtA hai / 'paryAya' kathana kA prayojana - vastu nitya hai, para paryAya anitya hai / parivartanazIla isa loka meM sabhI prANI vibhinna parivartanoM se paricita haiM / ataH anityatA kA vAstavika paricaya dekara nityatA kA jJAna karAnA cAhate haiM / paryAya kA vizada evaM vistAra se varNana karane ke prayojana nimnalikhita haiM - (1) trikAlI dhruva, akhaNDa, bhagavAna AtmA kI pahacAna karAnA / (2) paramArtha satya kA nirNaya karAnA / (3) dRSTi ko paryAyoM se haTAkara jJAyaka svabhAva para le jAnA / (4) jJAna-darzana svarUpI vastu kA yathArtha bodha karAnA / (5) svabhAva-parabhAvoM kA bheda-jJAna karAnA / (6) zuddhatA kA lakSa sthApita karAnA / (7) azuddha paryAyoM se haTakara zuddha rUpa hone kI preraNA denA / paryAyadRSTi aura dravyadRSTi trikAlI dravyasAmAnya nizcayanaya kA viSaya hai aura usake Azraya se jo zuddhaparyAya prakaTa hotI hai, vaha paryAyanaya kA viSaya hai| donoM kA eka sAtha milAkara kathana karanA pramANa kA viSaya hai| dravyadRSTi se eka mAtra zuddhAzuddha paryAya rahita gauNa traikAlika dhruvatva hotA hai / dravyadRSTi zuddha antastattva kA hI avalambana karatI hai / yadyapi AtmA ko traikAlika pratIti karane ke lie aise vikalpa nahIM karane par3ate haiM ki maiM pUrva kAla meM zuddha thA, vartamAna meM zuddha hU~ aura bhaviSya meM zuddha rahU~gA / kyoMki bhUtakAla kI paryAyeM to naSTa ho cukI haiM aura bhaviSya kI paryAyeM abhI utpanna nahIM huI haiM, isalie kevala vartamAna paryAya hI sammukha hai jo jJeya hai, upayoga kA viSaya hai / kintu vaha dRSTi ke lie viSaya nahIM bana sakatI hai / jaise kAvya, nATaka meM raMgamaMca para abhinIta dRzyoM ke sAtha jaba taka hamArI bhAvAtmaka ekatA sthApita nahIM hotI, sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI prakriyA prArambha nahIM hotI, taba taka hamArA usameM mana nahIM lagatA, hameM usameM rasa nahIM AtA / ataH dRSTi kA viSaya banane ke lie anvayI (dravya) kI akhaNDatA tathA pariNAmoM kI akhaNDatA kA honA Avazyaka hai / yaha akhaNDatA tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba hamArI dRSTi dravyArthikanaya kI viSaya banatI hai| dravyArthika naya meM pratipAdita sAmAnya, abheda, nitya aura eka akhaNDa dravya jaba hamAre

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60 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jJAna kA viSaya banatA hai, taba vizeSa, aneka, bheda evaM anitya rUpa paryAyoM se abheda buddhi haTa jAtIhai / jJAtA svasaMvedana jJAna se jJAyakabhAva svarUpa nija zuddhAtmadravya meM apanApana sthApita kara letA hai aura usa rUpa jJAna-Ananda kA svAda grahaNa karatA hai, jise samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai / vAstava meM parabhAvoM meM se ahaMbuddhi kA visarjana ho jAnA saccA tyAga kiMvA samyak darzana hai| AcArya jayasena ke zabdoM meM "jaise koI puruSa vastra-AbhUSaNoM ko, ye para dravya haiM, aisA jAnakara, unakA tyAga kara detA hai, usI prakAra jJAnI puruSa sabhI mithyAtva, rAga-dveSa, mohAdi bhAvoM ko - parabhAvoM kI paryAyoM ko sva-saMvedana jJAna ke bala se jAnakara vizeSa rUpa se mana-vacana-kAya kI zuddhi pUrvaka tyAga kara detA hai / 9 yathArtha meM dravyadRSTi puruSArtha rUpa hai, jisake hone para saMsAra kI sRSTi samApta hone lagatI hai| isake viparIta paryAya para dRSTi hone se vaha aneka, bheda tathA anityatA rUpa paryAya kahI jAtI hai, kintu dravya para dRSTi hone para vaha sAmAnya, eka, abheda evaM nityatA rUpa 'dravya' kahI jAtI hai, jo saMsAra kA abhAva karane meM nimitta hotI hai / paryAyadRSTi hone ke kAraNa paramAtmA kI anubhUti rUpa zraddhA se vimukha ATha mada, ATha mala, cha: amAyatana, tIna mUr3hatA ina 25 doSoM se jo yukta hai, AtmA-paramAtmA tathA tattvArtha kA jisake zraddhAna nahIM hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai / kyoMki vaha zarIrAdi paryAyoM meM Asakta hai / rAga, dveSa, moha Adi parabhAvoM meM aura para-padArthoM meM usakI apanatva buddhi hone ke kAraNa vaha taraha-taraha ke karmoM kA bandha karatA hai aura saMsAra meM bhaTakatA phiratA hai / isa rAga-dveSa saMsAra kA abhAva karane ke lie dravya-guNa-paryAya ko samajhakara paryAyadRSTi ko bhrAnti jAnakara dravyadRSTi honA sarvaprathama Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya hai| adhyAtma granthoM meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki jaba taka mithyA abhiprAya yukta rAga-dveSa-moha ko apanAne kI buddhi hai, guNa-paryAyoM rUpa apane ko samajhate rahoMge, taba taka zuddhAtmA kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI arthAt paramAtmasvarUpa vyakta nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra anitya paryAyoM kA jJAna kevala jAnane ke lie hai, rAga-dveSamoha bhAva kara unameM sthiratA yA ramaNatA prApta karane ke lie nahIM hai / ramane ke lie to jJAnAnanda svabhAvI AtamarAma hai aura isameM sthira hokara sadA ke lie karmoM se nirmukta ho sakate haiM / paryAya kI svatantratA jainadarzana meM 'dravya' kA nirvacana nitya pariNAmI kiyA gayA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se sampUrNa vizva 'jJAna' aura 'jJeyatatva' meM antarbhUta ho jAtA hai| jJAna sarvagata hai aura AtmA jJAna pramANa hai / jJeya sampUrNa sat hai / jJeya loka aura aloka ke vibhAga meM vibhakta hai / loka meM chahoM prakAra ke dravya dekhe jAte haiN| triloka-trikAlavartI sabhI padArthoM ko apanI svacchatA se pratibimbita karane ke kAraNa jJAna sarvagata kahA jAtA hai / jJAna kI vyApakatA hone se jJAnamaya AtmA ko bhI vyApaka kahA gayA hai / yathArtha meM na jJAna meM jJeya praveza karatA hai aura na jJeya meM jJAna praveza karatA hai / AtmA aura padArtha apane-apane astitva ke kAraNa eka dUsare meM nahIM vartate haiM / kyoMki pratyeka dravya anya dravyoM se bhinna hai / AtmA jJAna kI jJAtA apane svayaM ke pradezoM meM hI rahakara apane Apa ke pariNAma ko hI jAnatA hai| vastutaH jJAna aura jJeya kA aisA svabhAva hai ki jJAna meM jJeya pratibimbita hote haiM, jo jJAna kI svacchatA kA pariNAma hai|

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa 61 yathArtha meM jJAna akhaNDa eka pratibhAsasvarUpa hai / yadyapi jAnane vAlA koI eka AtmA jJAna kahA jAtA hai, kintu svayaM se hI utpanna svasaMvedanapratyakSa jJAna svAdhIna hone se AnandarUpa hotA hai / indriyajJAna parokSa kahA gayA hai aura atIndriyajJAna pratyakSa tathA vAstavika jJAna hai| isakA vizada, sUkSma, gambhIra tathA tarkayukta vivecana "pravacanasAra" meM kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kuMdakuMda ke zabdoM meM - attho khalu davyamao davvANi guNappagANi bhaNidANi / tehiM puNo pajjAyA pajjayamUDhA hi parasamaya // pravacanasAra, gA.93 arthAt-vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| padArtha dravyasvarUpa hai / dravya guNAtmaka kahe gaye haiM aura dravya tathA guNoM se paryAya hotI hai / jo paryAya para mohita hokara, usakA hI avalambana lete haiM, ve mithyAdRSTi kahe jAte haiN| jainadarzana meM dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke AdhAra para tattva-mImAMsA kI gaI hai| usameM dravya, guNa aura paryAya 'artha' nAma se kahe gaye haiM / dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM abhidheya-bheda hone para bhI abhidhAna kA abheda hone se ve 'artha' haiM / 52 inako 'artha' kahane para bhI ye 'sat' dravya hI haiM / kyoMki guNa aura paryAya sIdhe nahIM jAne jAte haiM, kintu guNa aura paryAya rUpa se dravya ke jJAta hone para guNa tathA paryAya kA jAnanA kahA jAtA hai| 'artha' kI nirukti hai - 'arthyate prApyate iti artha jo prApta kiyA jAye, vaha artha hai / ataH jo guNa paryAyoM ko prApta kare, vaha artha dravya hai tathA AzrayabhUta arthoM ke dvArA jo prApta kiyA jAye, vaha arthaguNa hai evaM krama-pariNAma se dravya ke dvArA jo prApta ho vaha paryAya hai| sabhI dravya svatantra sat haiM / pratyeka dravya apane hI svarUpa se hai / saMkSepa meM, svabhAva meM nitya rahane vAlA sat dravya hai / utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kA ekatvasvarUpa pariNAma dravya kA svabhAva hai| dravya ke pradeza vistArakrama meM jAne jAte haiM / dravya kI paryAyeM pravAha-krama meM jAnI jAtI haiM / eka pradeza kI sImA kA anta dUsare pradeza kI sImA kI Adi hai, jaba ki dravya vahI eka hai| isI taraha eka paryAya kA anta dUsarI paryAya kA utpAda hai| isa prakAra dravya sattAsApekSa satat utpAdavyayAtmaka hai| AcArya kundakunda spaSTa rUpa se eka hI samaya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM samudAya ko dravya kahate haiM / 53 yadyapi dravya meM naI paryAya kI utpatti pUrva paryAya ke vinAza ke binA nahIM hotI hai, kintu janma kA kSaNa bhinna ho, nAza kA kSaNa alaga ho aura sthitikSaNa koI alaga ho, aisA sandeha nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki dravya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya eka samaya meM hI dekhe jAte haiM / kyoMki dravya svayaM hI guNa se guNAntara rUpa pariNamita hotA hai / ataeva guNaparyAyeM eka dravya kI hI paryAyeM kahI gaI haiM / 54 dravya svayaM akelA hI pUrva guNaparyAya se uttara guNaparyAya rUpa meM pariNamita hotA huA sattA rUpa se vahI dravya rahatA hai / isa prakAra traikAlika utpAda-vyayoM kA AdhAra vahI eka sat hai / koI bhI dravya binA paryAyoM ke nahIM hotA aura koI bhI paryAya dravya rahita nahIM hotI / 55 kisI bhI dravya ke bhAva (sat) kA nAza nahIM hotA aura abhAva (asat) kI utpatti nahIM hotI / 56 kyoMki pratyeka

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62 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA dravya kA astitva svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva se hai / vastu svayaM guNa-paryAyoM kI AdhArabhUta hai / vastu kA nija vistAra svapradezasamUha hai, nija guNa hI svazakti hai aura vartamAna paryAya rUpa se vastu prakaTa hai| __ sabhI dravyoM meM se kucha dravya kriyAvAna aura bhAvavAna haiM tathA kucha kevala bhAvavAna haiM / jIva aura pudgala meM parispanda hone se donoM kriyAvAna aura bhAvavAna hai, kintu dharma-adharma-AkAza aura kAla meM halana-calana nahIM hone se ve kevala bhAvavAna haiM / padArthoM kI kriyA kA AdhAra kriyAvatI zakti hai aura bhAvarUpa pariNamana kA AdhAra bhAvavatI zakti hai / paramArtha se pratyeka dravya apane svabhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, kintu jIva aura pudgala ke sAtha jaba taka ekakSetrAvagAha rUpa sambandha hai, taba taka vibhAva rUpa pariNamana bhI hotA hai| parantu koI bhI dravya kisI anya dravya ke bhAva karane meM samartha nahIM hai / jo vastu jisa dravya meM aura jisa guNa meM vartatI hai, vaha anya dravya meM yA anya guNa meM saMkramaNa ko prApta nahIM hotI / 57 jisa prakAra eka dravya dUsare dravya meM praviSTa nahIM hotA, vaise hI eka paryAya kabhI dUsarI paryAya rUpa meM nahIM hotii| jinAgama meM dravya ke vikAra ko tathA guNoM ko bhI 'paryAya' kahA gayA hai| paryAya ke do bheda haiM - dravyaparyAya aura guNaparyAya / aneka dravyoM meM ekatA kA bodha karAne vAlI paryAya ko dravyaparyAya kahate haiM / usake bhI do bheda haiM - sajAtIya aura vijAtIya / guNaparyAya ke bhI do bheda haiM - svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya / paramANu pudgala dravya kI svabhAvaparyAya haiM aura do yA tIna Adi paramANuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna vyaNuka, tryaNuka Adi pudgala dravya kI vibhAvaparyAya haiM / AcArya kundakunda ne paryAya ke do bheda isa prakAra kiye haiM.8 - eka svaparasApekSa aura eka nirapekSa / nirapekSa paryAya kA dUsarA nAma svabhAvaparyAya hai - jo karmoM kI upAdhi se rahita haiM / 59 svabhAva paryAya ke bhI do bheda kahe gaye haiM - kAraNa zuddhaparyAya aura kArya zuddhaparyAya / dravya kI zuddha paryAya ko hI svabhAvaparyAya kahate haiM / 69 paramANu rUpa avasthA paranirapekSa hai| paramANu anAdinidhana hai| vaha kAraNarUpa hai aura kAryarUpa bhI hai| paramANuoM ke sambandha se skandha utpanna hote haiM, isalie paramANu kAraNa haiN| skandhoM ke TUTane se paramANu apane mUla rUpa ko prApta karatA hai, ataH paramANu kArya bhI hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki dravya aura paryAya eka vasturUpa haiM / pratibhAsa meM bheda hone para bhI vaha abhinna hai, eka hI vastu hai| una donoM ke svabhAva, pariNAma, saMjJA, saMkhyA aura prayojana Adi, bhinna-bhinna hone se unameM kathaMcit bheda haiM, sarvathA nahIM hai| dravya anAdi, ananta, eka hotA hai, kintu paryAya sAdi, sAnta, aneka hotI hai| dravya zaktimAna hai, paryAya usakI zaktiyA~ haiM / dravya kI dravyasaMjJA aura paryAya kI paryAyasaMjJA hai / dravya kI eka saMkhyA hai aura paryAya kI aneka saMkhyA hai| dravya trikAlavartI hai, kintu paryAya vartamAna kAla kI hotI hai| isa kAraNa donoM ke lakSaNa bhI bhinna haiN| kahA bhI hai - dravyaparyAyayoraikyaM tayovyatirekataH / pariNAmavizeSAcca zaktimacchaktibhAvataH //

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa 63 saMjJA-saMkhyAvizeSAcca svalakSaNavizeSataH / prayojanAdibhedAcca tannAnAtvaM na sarvathA // parantu jisa prakAra sattA yA astitva dravya kA svabhAva hai, vaise hI tadrUpa pariNAma yA sat paryAya kA svabhAva hai| pariNamana paryAya kA dharma hai| donoM meM antara kevala yahI hai ki dravya trikAla sat hai aura paryAya ekasamaya kA sat hai| jisa prakAra vastu svataH siddha hai, usI prakAra svataH hI vaha pariNAmI hai| isalie sat niyama se utpAda, dhrauvya aura vyayarUpa hai / 63 dravya guNa-paryAyavAna hone se vaha sabhI avasthAoM meM sat rahatA hai| aura isa kAraNa "sadravyalakSaNam" dravya kA lakSaNa 'sat' hai - yaha jinAgama meM kahA gayA hai| prazna yaha hai ki jaba padArtha dravyasvarUpa hai, dravya guNAtmaka kahe gaye haiM, taba yaha spaSTa hai ki dravya tathA guNoM se paryAyeM hotI haiM / 64 ataH paryAya dravya se sarvathA bhinna kaise hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki jaise pAnI meM se utpanna hone vAlI lahara pAnI se utpanna hotI hai aura usI meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| yadi jala kI avasthA se dekhA jAe to jala bhinna hai aura lahara bhinna hai; kintu paryAya ke bheda se donoM bhinna-bhinna rUpa haiM / viSaya-vastu ke sambandha meM 'paryAya' kA artha hai - paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya / jo vastu paryAyArthikanaya kA viSaya banatI hai, usakI paryAya saMjJA hai| isI prakAra jo vastu dravyAthikanaya kA viSaya hai, usakI dravya saMjJA hai| yaha 'dRSTi' kI apekSA se hai| paryAyadRSTi kA artha hai - paryAya kI apekSA se| pramANajJAna kI dRSTi se dravya aura paryAya donoM mukhya haiM / itanA avazya hai ki jisa samaya dravyadRSTi kA viSaya mukhya hotA hai, usa samaya paryAyadRSTi kA viSaya gauNa rUpa se jAnane meM AtA hai / lekina jAnane kA abhAva nahIM hai / ataeva jise hama dRSTi kA viSaya kahate haiM aura use paryAya se bhI bhinna kahate haiM, usa 'paryAya' kA artha paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai, jisameM dravya, guNa, paryAya sabhI sammilita haiM / adhyAtma zAstra meM 'AtmA' ko 'jJAna' zabda se samajhAyA gayA hai| vahA~ 'jJAna' zabda meM akelA jJAna guNa nahIM, kiMtu darzana-cAritra Adi ananta guNoM kI akhaNr3a vastu samajhanA, jise 'jJAyaka' kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra sAmAnya, eka, abheda aura nitya yaha dRSTi kA viSaya hai aura vizeSa bheda, aneka aura anitya-vyaya paryAya hone se vaha dRSTi ke viSaya meM sammilita nahIM haiN| jinAgama meM guNoM ko bhI paryAya rUpa meM abhihita kiyA gayA hai| jo dravya ke sAtha sadA rahate haiM, unako 'guNa' kahate haiM / jo dravya meM krama se pariNamana karatI hai, use 'paryAya' kahate haiN| jo eka dravya ko anya dravyoM se pRthak karate haiM, ve 'guNa' kahalAte haiM / guNoM se hI vastu kI pahacAna hotI hai| paryAyeM do prakAra kI haiM - svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya / svabhAva paryAya chahoM dravyoM meM hotI hai| usako arthaparyAya bhI kahate haiM / vaha vacana, mana ke agocara, ati sUkSma, Agama pramANa se svIkArya tathA chaH hAni-vRddhi rUpa hai / svabhAva paryAya ke bhI do bheda kie gae haiM - kAraNa zuddhaparyAya aura kArya zuddhaparyAya /

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaise paryAya svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa hotI hai, vaise hI guNa bhI svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa hote haiM / jaise jIva meM kevalajJAna Adi svabhAvaguNa haiM aura matijJAna Adi vibhAvaguNa haiM / zuddha paramANu meM jo rUpa-rasa Adi hote haiM, ve svabhAva guNa haiM, vyaNuka Adi skandhoM meM jo rUpa-rasa-gandha Adi haiM, ve vibhAvaguNa haiM / chahoM dravyoM meM se jIva aura pudgala dravyoM kA pariNamana svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa bhI hotA hai / ye paryAyeM do prakAra kI hotI haiM - sahabhAvI paryAya aura kramabhAvI paryAya / sahabhAvIparyAya guNa ko kahate haiM aura kramabhAvIparyAya paryAya ko kahate haiM / dravya apane svabhAva se kabhI cyuta nahIM hotA, sadA apane svabhAva meM sthira rahatA hai, isalie astisvabhAva hai| aneka paryAya rUpa pariNamanazIla hone para bhI dravya kI dravyatA sadA vidyamAna rahatI hai, isalie vaha nitya svabhAva hai, kintu paryAya rUpa pariNamanazIla hone se anitya svabhAva hai| nAnA svabhAvoM kA AdhAra eka hone se eka svabhAva hai aura eka ke bhI aneka svabhAva dekhe jAne se aneka svabhAva haiN| kAlakrama se hone vAlI paryAyoM ko kramabhAvIparyAya kahate haiM / dharma kI apekSA se svabhAva guNa nahIM hote haiM, kintu apane-apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se guNa paraspara meM svabhAva ho jAte haiM / dravya bhI svabhAva ho jAte haiM / svabhAva se anya rUpa hone ko vibhAva kahate haiM / kevala bhAva ko zuddha kahate haiM, usase viparIta bhAva ko azuddha kahate haiM / svabhAva kA bhI anyatra upacAra karanA upacarita svabhAva hai / vaha do prakAra kA hai - eka karmajanya aura dUsarA svAbhAvika / isa prakAra kaI dRSTiyoM se paryAya kA sUkSmatA se tathA gambhIratA se jinAgama meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sthUla rUpa se jahA~ paryAya kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai yA heya kahA jAtA hai, vahA~ 'asamAna jAti paryAya' yA 'bheda-vikalpa' artha grahaNa karanA cAhie / isI prakAra jahA~ paryAya kI svatantratA kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ guNoM kI dRSTi se samajhanA cAhie / dravya dRSTi meM hama sabhI paryAyoM ko dRSTi ke viSaya se ojhala nahIM kara sakate / kyoMki sAmAnya kI apekSA vizeSa balavAna hotA hai / isalie prasaMgataH vaktA ke bhAva ke anusAra apekSAkRta bhAva grahaNa karanA caahie| saMkSepa meM, jainadarzana meM vastu ko dravyaparyAyAtmaka mAnA hai / vastu ke mUla aMza do haiM - dravya aura pryaay| guNa aura paryAya ke AdhAra ko dravya kahate haiM / guNa aura paryAya dravya ke hI AtmasvarUpa haiM, isalie ye kisI bhI sthiti meM dravya se pRthak nahIM hote / dravya ke pariNamana ko hI paryAya kahate haiM / ataH dravya nitya hone para bhI pariNAmI hai / dravyadRSTi se dravya trikAla, nitya, dhruva tathA akhaNDa hai| jaise dravya sat hai, guNa sat hai, vaise hI eka samaya kI paryAya bhI sat hai aura vaha svataMtra hai, usakA pariNamana kisI ke adhIna nahIM hai| saMdarbha 1. "kAlaparyAyayogena rAjA mitrasaho'bhavat" vA0 rAmAyaNa, 7.65, 17 2. SaTkhaNDAgama 1/1,9,9; kaSAyapAhur3a 1,1; niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti 18 - "parisamantAdAyaH paryAyaH"

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa ___65 3. "svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti paryAya iti paryAyasya vyutpattiH / " AptaparIkSA, 6 4. "paryAyo'nukramaH kramaH // 1503 paryayaNaM paryAyaH / paripUrvAd 'iN gatau' (a0pa0a0) asmAt 'parAvanupAtyaya iNaH 3/3/38 iti dhab / - abhidhAnacintAmaNinAmamAlA, pR.689 5. saM.jarnAdana vinAyaka okaH gIrvANalaghukoza, 1960, pR.294-295; 6. gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa, gA0572 7. sarvArthasiddhiH A0 pUjyapAda viracita tattvArthasUtra, TIkA a0 1, sU033 pavibhattapadesattaM pudhattamidi sAsaNaM hi vIrassa / aNNattamatavyAvo Na tavbhavaM hodi kadhamegaM // saddavvaM sacca guNo sacceva ya pajjao tti vitthaaro| jo khalu tassa abhAvo so tadabhAvo avavbhAvo // AcArya kundakunda kA pravacanasAra, a02, gA014-15 va TIkA 10. AcArya kundakunda : pravacanasAra, a02, gA016 11. "guNaparyavadravyam" tattvArthasUtra, a05, sU038 ___ "Natthi viNA pariNAmaM attho atthaM viNeha pariNAmo / davvaguNapajjayattho attho asthittaNivvanto // pravacanasAra, a01, gA010 13. siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrIH jaina nyAya, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR5 se uddhRta 14. kSu0 jinendra varNIH jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhA03 prathama saMskaraNa, pR044 se uddhRta 15. tattvArthasUtra, a05, sU030 16. AcArya kundakunda kRta pravacanasAra, a02, gA07 kI tattvapradIpikAvRtti 17. AcArya kundakunda : pravacanasAra, a02, gA08 18. vahI, a02, gA09 19. "utpAdavyaya dhrauvyANi hi paryAyAnAlambante, te punaH paryAyA dravyAmalambante / tataH samastamapyetadekameva dravyaM na punrdrvyaantrm| dravyaM hi tAvat paryAyairAlambyate / samudAyinaH samudAyAtmakatvAt pAdapavat / " vahI a02, gA09 tattvapradIpikAvRtti 20. "kAlo'pi loke jIva pudgalapariNAmavyajyamAnasamayAdiparyAyatvAt, sa tu lokaikapradeza evApradezatvAt" pravacanasA, a02, gA044 tattvapradIpikAvRtti 21. AcArya kundakunda kRta pravacanasAra, a02, gA047 tathA A0 amRtacandra racita tattvapradIpikAvRtti 22. "aNeyaviho pariNAmehito pudhabhUdakAlAbhAvA pariNAmANaM ca ANaMtiobalaMbhA" SaTkhaNDAgama, pu04,1,5,1 23. SaDkhaNDAgama, pR09,4,1,2 24. dravyANi guNAtmakAni bhaNitAni, anvayino guNA athavA sahabhuvo guNA iti guNalakSaNam !.... vyatirekiNaH paryAyA athavA kramabhuvaH paryAya iti paryAyalakSaNam / " pravacanasAra, a02, gA01 tAtparyavRtti 25. adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, 2, 9

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 26. AcArya samantabhadra kRta AptaparIkSA, kA06 27. "vyatirekiNAH paryAyaH" tattvArthasUtra-sarvArthasiddhivRtti, a05, sU038, paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti, gA05 28. "tatrAnvayo dravyaM, anvayavizeSaNaM guNaH anvayavyatirekAH paryAyAH" pravacanasAra, a01, gA080 tAtparyavRtti 29. padArthAsteSAmavayavA api pradezAkhyAH parasparavyatirekitvAtparyAyA ucyante" paMcAstikAya, gA05, tAtparyavRtti 30. "paryAyAstu punarAyata vizeSAtmakA..." pravacanasAra, a02, gA01 tattvapradIpikAvRtti 31. tattvArthavArtikaH A0akalaMkadeva kRta tattvArthasUtra kA vArtika bhASya, a05, sU026 32. A0kundakunda kRta pravacanasAra, a01, gA08/13. A0kundakunda : pravacanasAra, a02, gA09 33. "tatrAnekadravyAtmakaikyapratipattinibandho dravyaparyAyaH / sa dvividhaH, samAnajAtIyo'samAnajAtIyazca / " A0kundakunda pravacanasAra, a02, gA01 tattvapradIpikAvRtti __ "dravyaparyAyalakSaNaM kathyate-aneka dravyAtmikAyA aikya pratipatte nirbandhakAraNabhUto dravyaparyAyaH anekAdravyAtmikaikayAnavat / sa ca dravyaparyAyo dvividhaH samAnajAtIyo'samAnajAtIyazceti / " AcArya kundakunda kRta paMcAstikAya, gA016 tAtparyavRtti 35. vahI, paMcAstikAya, ga016 tAtparyavRtti 36. "idAnIM guNaparyAyAH kathyante-te'pi dvidhA svabhAvavibhAvabhedena / guNadvAreNAnvayarUpAyAH ekatvapratipattenibandhanaM kAraNabhUto guNaparyAyaH, sa caikadravyagata eva sahakAraphale haritapANDurAdivarNavat / " vahIM, paMcAstikAya, gA016 tAtparyavRtti 37. draSTavya hai - pravacanasAra, a02, gA01 A0amRtacandra viracita tattvapradIpikA vRtti pUrNataH "athavA dvitIyaprakAreNArthavyajjanaparyAyarUpeNa dvidhA paryAyA bhavanti / tatrArthaparyAyAH sUkSmAH kSaNakSayiNastathAvAggocarA'vijayA bhavanti / .... iticedekasamayavartino'rthaparyAyA bhaNyante...." paMcAstikAya, gA016 tAtparyavRtti 39. AcArya nemicandra siddhAntideva kRta dravyasaMgraha, gA024 TIkA 40. "pajjAo duviyappo saparAvekkho ya Niravekkho" niyamasAra, gA014 41. mAilladhavala kRta nayacakra, gA019 __ AcArya kundakunda kRta niyamasAra, gA015 TIkA, tathA - dehAyArapaesA je thakkA uhayakammaNimmukkA / jIvasya NiccalA khalu te suddhA davvapajjAyA // NANaM daMsaNa suha vIriyaM ca jaM uhayakammaparihINaM / taM suddhaM jANa tumaM jIve guNapajjayaM savvaM / / nayacakra, gA024, 25 43. je cadgadidehINaM dehAyAraM padesapariNAmaM / - aha viggahagaijIve taM davvavihAvapajjAyaM / / madisudaohImaNapajjayaM ca aNNANa tiNNi je bhaNiyA / evaM jIvassa ime vihAvaguNapajjayA savve // nayacakra, gA022, 23 44. arthakriyA na yujyeta nityakSaNikapakSayoH / kramAkramAbhyAM bhAvanAM sA lakSaNatayA matA // A0akalaMkadeva kRta laghIyasraya,

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paryAya kI avadhAraNA va svarUpa kA08 tathA - jo Niccameva maNNadi tassa Na kiriyA hu atthakArittaM / Na hu taM vatthU bhaNiyaM jaM rahiyaM atthakiriyAhiM / nayacakra, gA045 45. "arthakriyAkAritvaM hi dravyatvam / / " 46. "aryate gamyate niSpAdyata ityarthaH kAryam" A0 akalaMkadeva kRta tattvArthavArtika, 1, 33 47. mAilladhavala kRta nayacakra, gA046 48. vahI, nayacakra, gA046-47 49. AcArya kundakunda kRta samayasAra tAtparyavRtti, gA035 (40) TIkA 50. pajjaya-rattau jIvaDau micchAdiThThi havei / baMdhai bahu-viha-kampaDA je saMsArU bhavei // paramAtmaprakAza, a01, do077 51. davvANi guNA tesiM pajjAyA aTThasaNNayA bhaNiyA / pravacanasAra, gA087 52. vahI, A0 amRtacandra kRta tattvapradIpikAvRtti, gA087 53. pravacanasAra, gA0102 54. pariNamadi sayaM davvaM guNado ya guNaMtaraM sadavisiTuM / tamhA guNapajjAyA bhaNiyA puNa davvemeva tti // pravacanasAra, gA0104 55. pajjayavijudaM davvaM davvavijuttA ya pajjayA Natthi / paMcAstikAya, gA012 56. bhAvassa Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppAdo / guNapajjayesu bhAvA uppAdavae pakuvvaMti // vahI, gA015 tathA 19 57. samayasAra, gA0103 58. vahI, gA014 59. vahI, gA015 60. vahI, gA015 TIkA 61. NANaM daMsaNa suha vIriyaM uhayakammaparihINaM / taM suddhaM jANa tumaM jIve guNapajjayaM savvaM / nayacakra, gA025 62. paJcAdhyAyI, 1, 89 63. pravacanasAra, gAthA 93

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jainadarzana meM paryAya kA svarUpa vIrasAgara jaina 'paryAya' - jainadarzana kA eka ati sUkSma viSaya hai / ise samajhane ke lie sarvaprathama vastu kA svarUpa samajhanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki paryAya vastu kA hI eka aMza hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu dravya-paryAyAtmaka hai, ataH usake do mukhya hisse (aMza) haiM - eka dravyarUpa aura dUsarA pryaayruup| vastu ke nitya aMza ko dravya kahate haiM aura anitya aMza ko paryAya, ataH hama ise isa prakAra bhI kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM vastu ko sarvathA nitya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura bauddhadarzana meM vastu ko sarvathA anitya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, parantu jainadarzana ke anusAra isa sampUrNa vizva meM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM hai, jo sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya ho, apitu pratyeka vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai / usameM eka sAtha nityatA bhI hai aura anityatA bhI / vastutaH koI bhI vastu tabhI sat ho sakatI hai, jaba usameM eka sAtha nityatA aura anityatA donoM hI nivAsa karatI ho / ekAntataH nitya vastu bhI kabhI sat nahIM ho sakatI aura ekAntataH anitya vastu bhI kabhI sat nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki sat kA lakSaNa hI yaha hai - "utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / "2 arthAt sat utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai / pratyeka vastu meM navIna avasthA ke Agamana ko utpAda kahate haiM, pUrva avasthA ke tyAga ko vyaya kahate haiM aura utpAda-vyaya donoM se rahita vastu ke sthira svabhAva ko dhrauvya kahate haiM / ise hama AcArya samantabhadra dvArA pradatta do udAharaNoM dvArA bhalI prakAra samajha sakate haiM / yathA dUdha kA dahI banAnA / to yahA~ dahI avasthA kA utpAda huA, dUdha avasthA kA vyaya huA aura gaurasa dhrauvya rahA, kyoMki usakA na utpAda huA, na vyaya / isI prakAra svarNamaya ghaTa kA mukuTa banA / yahA~ mukuTa avasthA kA utpAda huA, ghaTa avasthA kA vyaya aura svarNa dhrauvya rahA, usakA utpAda-vyaya kucha nahIM huaa|

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69 jainadarzana meM paryAya kA svarUpa yahA~ yaha vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ukta donoM udAharaNa bahuta sthUla haiM / yadi sUkSma rUpa se dekhA jAe to vizva ke pratyeka padArtha meM pratisamaya utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kI upalabdhi hotI hai / sUkSmapariNamana hamAre alpajJAna meM pakar3a meM nahIM AtA, ataH udAharaNa sthUla pariNamana ke diye gaye haiN| ___ isa prakAra yaha suspaSTa hai ki pratyeka vastu sadaiva utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yukta athavA dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai, kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM yahI do aMza niyama se pAye jAte haiM / eka anvaya rUpa aura dUsarA vyatireka rUpa / 'yaha vahI hai, vahI hai' - aisI pratIti jisameM hai, use anvaya kahate haiM aura 'yaha vaha nahIM hai, vaha nahIM hai" - aisI pratIti jisameM hotI hai, use vyatireka kahate haiM / vastu meM rahane vAle zAzvata nitya yA anvaya rUpa aMza ko dravya kahate haiM aura kSaNika parivartanazIla yA vyatirekI aMza ko paryAya kahate haiN| 'paryAya' kA niruktyartha - vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke diggaja AcArya zrImadbhAkalaMkadeva ne paryAya kI nirukti isI prakAra kI hai - "parisamantAdAyaH paryAya / 5 arthAt jo sarva ora se bheda ko prApta kare, vaha paryAya hai| isI prakAra AcArya devasena bhI 'AlApa-paddhati' meM likhate haiM - "svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti paryAyaH iti paryAyasya vyutpattiH / " arthAt jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se gamana karatI hai, pariNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai / paryAya ke nAmAntara - jaina-granthoM meM paryAya ke aneka nAmAntara ginAye gaye haiM / yadyapi AcAryoM dvArA paryAya ke lie ina nAmAntaroM kA prayoga kahIM-kahIM hI kiyA gayA hai, tathApi paryAya ke svarUpa parijJAnArtha ina nAmAntaroM kA bhI jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / yathA - "paryAyo vizeSo'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH / " arthAt paryAya, vizeSa, apavAda aura vyAvRtti - ina sabakA eka artha hai / "vavahAro ya viyappo bhedo taha pajjao tti" artha :- vyavahAra, vikalpa aura paryAya - ye saba ekArthavAcI haiM / "paryayaH paryavaH ityanarthAntaram / " artha :- paryaya, paryava aura paryAya - ye ekArthaka haiM /

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70 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA "api cAMzaH paryAyo bhAgo hAro vidhA prakArazca / bhedazchedo bhaMgaH zabdAzcaikArthavAcakA ete // "10 ___ artha :- aMza, paryAya, bhAga, hAra, vidhA, prakAra, bheda, cheda aura bhaMga - ye saba eka hI artha ke vAcaka hai| yahA~ vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya tathya yaha hai ki ukta cAroM uddharaNoM meM paryAya ke nAmAntaroM meM aMza, bhAga Adi ko bhI ginAyA gayA hai aura paryAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha 'vastu kA aMza' hotA bhI hai, parantu yahA~ hama jisa paryAya ko samajhane kA prayatna kara rahe haiM, vaha vastu kA koI-sA bhI aMza nahIM hai, apitu mAtra vyatirekI aMza hai / aura aisA ruDhivazAt hI hai, aisA samajhanA cAhie / isI tathya ko kSullaka jinendra varNI ne bhI acchI taraha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai : paryAya kA vAstavika artha vastu DhakA aMza hai| dhruva, anvayI, sahabhUta tathA kSaNika, vyatirekI yA kramabhAvI ke bheda se ve aMza do prakAra ke hote haiM / anvayI ko guNa aura vyatirekI ko paryAya kahate haiM / ve guNa ke vizeSa pariNamanarUpa hotI haiM / aMza kI apekSA yadyapi donoM hI aMza paryAya haiM, para rUr3hi se kevala vyatirekI aMza ko hI paryAya kahanA prasiddha hai / "11 paryAya ke bheda jainAcAryoM ne paryAya ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa aneka prakAra se kiyA hai / yathA - (1) "yaH paryAyaH saH dvividhaH kramabhAvI sahabhAvI ceti / "12 / artha :- jo paryAya hai, vaha kramabhAvI aura sahabhAvI - isa taraha se do prakAra kI hai| (2) "dvidhA paryAyA dravyaparyAyA guNaparyAyAzca / 13 artha :- paryAya do prakAra kI hai - dravyaparyAya aura guNa paryAya / (3) "athavA dvitIyaprakAreNArthavyaJjanaparyAyarUpeNa dvidhA paryAyA bhavanti / "14 artha :- arthaparyAya va vyaJjanaparyAya ke bheda se bhI paryAya do prakAra kI hotI hai / (4) "paryAyAste dvadhA svabhAvavibhAvAparyAyabhedAt / "15 artha :- paryAya do prakAra kI hai - svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya / (5) "svabhAvaparyAyastAvat dviprakAreNocyate kAraNazuddhaparyAyaH kAryazuddhaparyAyazceti / "16 artha :- svabhAvaparyAya do prakAra kI kahI jAtI hai - kAraNazuddhaparyAya aura kAryazuddhaparyAya /

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jainadarzana meM paryAya kA svarUpa kintu inameM se svabhAva-vibhAva, dravya-guNa aura artha-vyaJjana ke tIna bhedayugaloM kI hI zAstroM meM vizeSa vivakSA dikhAI par3atI hai / inako bhI hama sAmAnyataH isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki paryAya ke mUla bheda do haiM :- svabhAvaparyAya evaM vibhAvaparyAya / phira ina donoM ke do-do prabheda haiM - dravyaparyAya evaM guNaparyAya / dravyaparyAya kA apara nAma vyaJjanaparyAya hai aura guNaparyAya kA apara nAma arthaparyAya hai / yahA~ hama 'dravyaparyAya kA apara nAma vyaJjanaparyAya hai aura guNaparyAya kA apara nAma arthaparyAya hai' - isa kathana kI puSTi hetu nimnalikhita zAstroM ke uddharaNa prastuta karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM : (1) "vaMjaNapajjAyassa davvattamuvagamAdo / "17 artha :- vyaJjanaparyAya ke dravyapanA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / "api coddiSTAnAmiha dezAMzaivyaparyAyANAM hi / " / vyaJjanaparyAyA iti kecinnAmAntare vadaMti budhAH // "18 artha :- kucha vidvAna dravyaparyAyoM kA hI dUsarA nAma vyaJjanaparyAya bhI kahate haiM / (2) "guNaparyAyaNAmiha kecinnAmAntaraM vadanti budhAH / artho guNa iti vA syAdekArthAdarthaparyAyA iti ca // "19 artha :- kucha vidvAna artha aura guNa donoM ke ekArthavAcI hone ke kAraNa guNaparyAya ko hI arthaparyAya bhI kahate haiN| paryAya ke ukta sabhI bhedoM kA svarUpa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM :(ka) svabhAvaparyAya evaM vibhAva paryAya - svabhAvaparyAya sabhI dravyoM evaM sabhI guNoM meM hotI hai, kintu vibhAvaparyAya katipaya dravyoM (mAtra jIva evaM pudgala dravyoM) aura unhIM ke katipaya guNoM meM hI hotI hai / 20 ___ dravya yA guNa kI svAbhAvika avasthA ko svabhAvaparyAya kahate haiM aura svabhAva se viparIta avasthA ko vibhAvaparyAya kahate haiM / udAharaNArtha siddha avasthA, kevalajJAna, paramANu Adi svabhAvaparyAyeM haiM aura matijJAna, skandha Adi vibhAvaparyAyeM haiM / (kha) dravyaparyAya evaM guNaparyAya - dravyoM meM hone vAle pariNamana ko dravyaparyAya kahate haiM aura guNoM meM hone vAle pariNamana ko guNaparyAya kahate haiM / yathA siddha, manuSya, skandha Adi dravyaparyAyeM haiM aura kevalajJAna, matijJAna, kAlA, pIlA Adi guNaparyAyeM haiN|

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72 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA (ga) arthaparyAya evaM vyaJjanaparyAya - arthaparyAya atyanta sUkSma hotI hai| use Agama-pramANa se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha pratyeka dravya ke pratyeka guNa meM pratisamaya hotI rahatI hai / tathA vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla hai, prakaTa hai aura cirasthAyI arthaparyAya evaM vyaJjanaparyAya kA svarUpa jaina-granthoM meM isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai - "suhumA avAyavisayA khaNakhaiNo atthapajjayA diTThA / vaMjaNapajjAyA puNa thUlA giragoyarA ciravivatthA // "21 __ artha :- arthaparyAya sUkSma hai, avAya(jJAna) viSayaka hai - zabda se nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalatI hai; kintu vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla hai, zabdagocara hai - zabda se kahI jA sakatI hai aura cirasthAyI hai| paryAya aura kriyA meM antara - paryAya ko kucha loga sAmAnya apekSA se kriyA bhI kaha dete haiM, para vastutaH paryAya evaM kriyA meM bar3A antara hai / kriyA halana-calana rUpa pariNamana ko hI kahate haiM, parantu paryAya vastu ke pratyeka sUkSma se sUkSma pariNamana kA nAma hai / zrImad bhaDakalaMkadeva ne bhI 'tattvArthavArtika' meM isa viSaya ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - "bhAvo dvividhaH parispandAtmakaH aparispandAtmakazca / tatra parispandAtmakaH kriyetyAkhyAyate, itaraH pariNAmaH / "22 arthAt bhAva do prakAra ke hote haiM - parispandAtmaka aura aparispandAtmaka / parispandAtmaka ko kriyA kahate haiM aura aparispandAtmaka ko pariNAma (paryAya) / isase spaSTa hai ki kriyA aura pariNAma meM bar3A antara hai / paryAya isa pariNAma kA hI nAma hai| saMdarbha 1. dekhie AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita 'AptamImAMsA' ke tRtIya pariccheda kI kArikA 37 se 60 jinameM isa viSaya ko aneka tarkoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 2. tattvArthasUtra 5/30 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, pRSTha 1/357 4. ghaTamaulisurvaNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayaM / zokapramodamAdhyasthaM jano yAti sahetukam / / payovrato na dadhyati na payotti dadhivrataH / agorasavato nobhe tasmAttatvaM trayAtmakaM // " - AptamImAMsA, kArikA 59-60

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73 jainadarzana meM paryAya kA svarUpa 5. tattvArthavArtikam, 1/33/1 6. AlApa-paddhati 6 7. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 1/33 8. AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 572 9. AcArya malliSeNasUri, syAdvAdamaJjarI, 23/272/11 10. paJcAdhyAyI, pUrvArddha, zloka 60 11. jainendra siddhAnta koza, pR03/44 12. zlokavArtika, 1/33/60 (AcArya vidyAnandi) 13. AcArya jayasena, paMcAstikAya-TIkA, 16/35 14. vahI, 16/36 15. AlApapaddhati 3 16. niyamasAra-TIkA, gAthA 15 17. AcArya vIrasena, dhavalA 4/1.5.4/337 18. paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArddha, zloka 63 19. vahI, 62 20. AcArya jayasena, paMcAstikAya-TIkA, 16/34/17 21. AcArya vasunandi, zrAvakAcAra, gAthA 25 22. tattvArthavArtika, 5/22

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zuddhaparyAya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? nItU jaina 1. zuddhaparyAya kA svarUpa kyA hai - paryAya ke bheda-prabheda samajhAte hue AcAryoM ne dravyaparyAya-guNaparyAya, arthaparyAya-vyaJjanaparyAya Adi aneka bheda ginAye haiM; parantu paryAya ke nimnalikhita do bheda bhI hote haiM, yaha hameM bhalIbhAMti samajha lenA cAhie - 1. zuddhaparyAya aura 2. azuddhaparyAya / zuddha aura azuddha kA tAtparya bhI isa prasaMga meM hameM sAvadhAnI se samajha lenA cAhie / zuddha aura azuddha kA tAtparya yahA~ avikArI aura vikArI athavA svabhAva aura vibhAva nahIM hai / apitu zuddhaparyAya kA artha hai - eka akelI svataMtra paryAya aura azuddha paryAya kA artha hai - aneka paryAyoM kA samUha, jisameM eka paryAya kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / vicAraNIya viSaya yahA~ yahI hai ki isa zuddha arthAt eka akelI paryAya kA sthitikAla vAstava meM kitanA hotA hai / zAstroM meM paryAyoM ke prakaraNa meM jina ghaTa-paTAdi yA nara-nArakAdi paryAyoM kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai, ve sabhI cirakAlasthAyI haiM / saikar3oM-hajAroM varSoM taka hI nahIM, sAgaroM (kAla kA eka vizAla parimANa, jisameM asaMkhya varSa hote haiM) taka bhI unakI sthiti dekhI jAtI hai| zAstroM meM aneka paryAyoM kI sthiti nAmollekhapUrvaka sAgaroM taka kI batAI bhI gaI hai| siddhaparyAya to sAdi-ananta kAla kI (arthAt jisakI Adi to hai, para anta kabhI nahIM hogI) kahI gaI hai| isI prakAra mithyAtvAdi kucha paryAyeM anAdi-sAnta (arthAt jisakA anta ho, para Adi koI nahIM hai) kahI gaI hai aura sumeru Adi kucha paryAyeM anAdiananta bhI kahI gaI haiN| ___aisI sthiti meM adhikAMza pAThakoM ko yaha bhrama honA svAbhAvika hai ki kAla kI apekSA se bhI paryAya aneka prakAra kI hotI haiM / koI eka samaya kI, koI eka mAha kI, koI eka varSa kI, koI sau varSa kI, koI do sau varSa kI, koI hajAra varSa kI, koI lAkha varSa kI, koI asaMkhya varSa kI, koI sAgaroM kI, koI sAdi-ananta kAla kI, koI anAdi-sAnta kAla kI aura koI anAdi-ananta kAla kii| parantu vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki eka akelI paryAya, cAhe vaha koI bhI ho, eka hI samaya

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zuddhaparyAya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? 75 mAtra kI hotI hai / koI bhI paryAya paramArthataH do samaya kI bhI nahIM ho sakatI / paryAya kA dharma hI eka samaya meM utpAda-vyaya honA hai| koI bhI paryAya jo do yA do se adhika samaya kI batAI jAtI hai, vaha aneka paryAyoM meM ekatva ke upacAra se hI batAI jAtI hai| paryAya pratisamaya badalatI hI hai, vaha kathamapi ruka nahIM sakatI, rokI hI nahIM jA sakatI - yaha hameM sadA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / hama sthUlajJAnI haiM, ataH paryAyoM kA pratisamaya badalanA pakar3a nahIM pAte haiM / parantu pratyeka paryAya pratisamaya badalatI avazya hai / badalanA alaga bAta hai aura usakA hameM patA calanA alaga bAta hai| hamArA jJAna bahuta sthUla hai, ataH samaya-samaya ke parivartana kA hameM patA nahIM calatA hai, para parivartana hotA avazya hai| ise hama eka dRSTAnta ke dvArA isa prakAra samajha sakate haiM / do vyakti eka sAtha 8 navambara kI bATA kampanI ko naI cappala pahanakara maMdira Aye / jAte samaya unhoMne eka-dUsare kI cappaleM pahana lI aura apane-apane ghara cale gye| donoM hI jor3I ATha nambara kI thI, bATA kampanI kI thI aura ekadama naI thI, ataH una donoM ko hI patA nahIM calA ki cappala badala gaI hai / cappala badalI avazya hai, para sadRza hone ke kAraNa patA nahIM calA hai / yadi donoM meM se eka purAnI hotI yA kisI anya kampanI kI hotI yA kisI aura nambara kI hotI to patA cala jAtA / kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki badalanA alaga bAta hai aura badalane kA hameM patA calanA alaga bAta hai / zAstroM meM bhI aneka paryAyoM ko sadRza dekhakara eka kaha diyA gayA hai aura isI kAraNa unheM cirakAlasthAyI bhI batA diyA gayA hai, parantu hameM yaha kadApi nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki paramArtha se pratyeka paryAya eka hI samaya kI hotI hai, eka se adhika samaya kI nahIM / hamAre pattA calane aura na calane se vastusvarUpa meM kyA pharka par3atA hai ? hameM to tejI se bar3hane vAlI latA, keza, nakha, zizu Adi bhI taba bar3he-se lagate haiM, jaba ve bahuta adhika bar3ha cuke hote haiM, jabaki ve pratisamaya hI bar3ha rahe hote haiN| sIdhAsA tarka hai aura use hama saba samajhate bhI haiM ki yadi eka samaya meM ve thor3A bhI nahIM bar3he hote to phira dUsare-tIsare Adi samayoM meM bhI nahIM bar3he ho sakate the aura phira dUsare dina bhI hameM bar3he hue nahIM laga sakate the| ataH yaha prAmANika hai ki pratyeka paryAya vastutaH eka hI samaya kI hotI hai, aneka samaya kI nahIM; jaisA ki AcArya amRtacandra Adi AcAryoM meM spaSTa likhA hai - 'pratisamayasamudIyamAna 2 ityAdi / tathA zrImadabhinava dharmabhUSaNayati kA nimnalikhita kathana to isa sandarbha meM aura bhI adhika spaSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa hai, jisameM unhoMne pratyeka paryAya ko bhUta-bhaviSya ke sparza mAtra se rahita aura vartamAnakAlAvacchinna kahA hai - "bhUtabhaviSyatvasaMsparzarahitazuddhavartamAnakAlAvacchinnavastusvarUpam / tadetadRjusUtranayaviSayamAnantyAbhiyuktAH / " isI prakAra 'gommaTTasAra' meM AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne bhI paryAya kI sthiti eka samaya mAtra kI kahI hai -

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA "avarA pajjAyaDhidi khaNamettaM hodi taM ca samao tti / " arthAt paryAya kI sthiti kSaNamAtra hotI hai, jise samaya bhI kahate haiM / hamAre ukta sampUrNa kathana kA sArAMza yahI hai ki pratyeka paryAya kA kAla paramArthataH eka samaya hI hotA hai, ekAdhika kathamapi nahIM; jahA~ ekAdhika kahA gayA hai, vahA~ sAdRzya kA upacAra samajhanA caahie| 2. sahabhAvI paryAya kise kahate haiM - zAstroM meM paryAya ke bheda-abheda ke prasaMga meM paryAya ke nimnalikhita do bheda bhI batAye gaye haiM - sahabhAvI paryAya aura kramabhAvI paryAya / inameM se kramabhAvI paryAya hI vAstava meM paryAya hai, sahabhAvI paryAya koI paryAya nahIM hai, apitu guNa hai, jaisA ki "sahabhuvo guNAH kramavartinaH paryAyAH"5 ityAdi aneka zAstra-pramANoM se atyanta spaSTa hai, tathApi use eka anya vizeSa vivakSA se hI 'paryAya' saMjJA dI gaI hai| daraasala, 'paryAya' zabda kA eka artha 'vizeSa' bhI hai, jaisA ki paryAya ke nAmAntara batAte samaya spaSTa jJAta hotA hai| aura isI vizeSa ke artha meM AcAryoM ne 'guNa' ko bhI 'paryAya' saMjJA se sambodhita kara diyA hai; parantu vAstava meM sahabhAvI paryAya koI paryAya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha pariNamana rUpa nahIM hai, kSaNabhaMgura nahIM hai / yaha kisI dravya yA guNa kA vikAsa (vizeSa kArya) bhI nahIM hai; ataH use 'paryAya' nAma dekhakara bhramita nahIM honA cAhie aura use guNa hI samajhanA cAhie / 3. kAraNazuddhaparyAya kyA hai - kAraNazuddhaparyAya kA ullekha niyamasAra Adi katipaya granthoM meM hI upalabdha hotA hai, tathApi yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai / vizeSataH AdhyAtmika viSayoM ke pAThakoM ke lie to yaha viSaya vizeSa lAbhakArI mAnA jAtA hai| sahabhAvI paryAya kI bhA~ti kAraNazuddhaparyAya bhI vastutaH paryAya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha kisI dravya yA guNa ke vikAra (vizeSa kArya) rUpa nahIM hai, apitu dravya kA traikAlika zuddha svabhAva hai| isake vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa hetu 'niyamasAra' kI (vizeSakara 15vIM gAthA kA) padmaprabhamaladhArideva kRta saMskRta-TIkA-sahita adhyayana karanA cAhie / saMdarbha 1. 'samaya' kAla kI sabase choTI ikAI mAnI gaI hai, jisakI paribhASA hai - Nahaeyapaesattho paramANumaMdagaivaDhto / bIyamaNaMtarekhattaM jAvadiyaM jAdi taM samayakAlaM / ' - mAilladhavala, dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra, gAthA 139 arthAt AkAza ke eka pradeza meM sthita paramANu maMda gati se calakara, jitane kAla se dUsare pradeza meM pahuMcatA hai, use samaya kahate haiN|

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77 zuddhaparyAya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? 2. AcArya amRtacandra, pravacanasAra-vyAkhyA tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 93 3. zrImadabhinava dharmabhUSaNa yati, nyAyadIpikA, pariccheda 3 AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 573 5. AcArya devasena, AlApa-paddhati, pRSTha 218 (bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita nayacakra kA pariziSTa) 6. 'paryAyo vizeSo'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH / ' - AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi 1/33

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'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM nihita dArzanika maulikatA evaM vizeSatA sudIpa jaina bhAratavarSa dArzanika cintana kI cirakAla se atyanta urvarA-bhUmi rahA hai| sAmAnyataH koI bhI sakarNa (kAna-sahita) prANI 'dhvanibodha' karane meM samartha hotA hai, kintu vicArazakti-sampanna hone para 'zabdabodha' kI sAmarthya prakaTa hotI hai| jaba zabdazAstra kA abhyAsa hotA hai yA lokavyavahAra ke kSetra meM jur3ate haiM, taba una zabdabodhagata zabdoM kA 'arthabodha' saMbhava ho pAtA hai| arthabodha meM bhI zuSkajJAna kI hI sthiti rahatI hai; kintu yadi prAyogika anubhavajanyatA hotI hai, to vaha 'bhAvabodha' ke stara taka pahuMca sakatA hai / tathA ina sabhI ko apane Apa meM samAhita kara jo vyakti, samAja, deza evaM sampUrNa vizva ko 'dizAbodha' dene meM samartha ho jAtA hai, vahI 'dArzanika' bana pAtA hai aura aise dArzanikoM se evaM dArzanika cintakoM se jahA~ kI paramparA cirakAla se atisamRddha evaM supratiSThita rahI ho, usa bhAratavarSa ke darzanoM evaM dArzanikoM meM viziSTa AyAma evaM vaicArika gaharAI upalabdha ho pAnA atyanta sahaja evaM svAbhAvika hai / aisI darzana-urvara bhArata bhUmi para anekoM dArzanika-cintana-dhArAyeM calIM, kintu mukhyataH kucha darzana hI vizeSa pratiSThA evaM sthAyitva prApta kara sake haiM / inameM 'vaidika' evaM 'avaidika' tathA 'Astika' evaM 'nAstika' jaise vargabheda bhI rahe haiM; kintu samagrataH dArzanika ciMtana kI pRSThabhUmi para hama dekheM, to hama pAte haiM ki anekAntAtmaka-cintanapaddhati evaM ekAnta-cintanapaddhati ye do mUla vibhAga bhAratIya darzanoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / unameM veda evaM vaidika darzana ekAntapaddhati ke haiM, kyoMki vaidika manISiyoM ne hI likhA hai - "ekAntadarzanAH vedAH"- (mahAbhArata 12/306/46) yaha vargIkaraNa na to ahetuka hai aura na hI aprAsaMgika; kyoMki 'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTarUpa se samajhane ke lie isa dRSTi ko samajhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / anekAntadRSTi ke bhAva meM hI anya dArzanika yA to vastu ko sarvathA parivartanazIla yA parivartanamAtrA vastusvarUpa mAnakara 'sarvaM kSaNikam', jaisI ekAnta mAnyatA kA pravartana kara baiThe, to kucha vastu ko nitya-niraMza-niravayava mAnakara, samasta

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79 'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM nihita dArzanika maulikatA evaM vizeSatA parivartanoM ko mAyAjanya pratibhAsa yA vivartavAda ke rUpa meM kahakara, paryAyapakSa se apanA pallA jhAr3a baitthe| kisI-kisI darzana ne vastu kI nityAnityAtmakatA ko apanAnA to cAhA, kintu anekAntAtmaka dRSTi ke abhAva meM unakA prarUpaNa bhI isI prakAra rahA, jaise ki kisI jagaha naukarI ke lie 25 varSa kI Ayu kA vyakti apekSita ho, aura koI 12 evaM 13 varSa ke do baccoM ko le jAkara, unakA Ayu-yoga karake donoM ko eka vyakti ke vetana para naukarI meM lagA lene kA anurodha kare / kyoMki ve kisI eka padArtha ko to nitAnta aparivartanazIla kUTastha nitya batAte haiM, kucha padArthoM ko mAtra vikAra yA pariNAmasvabhAvI batAte haiM, kucha ko mAtra parotpAdana-sAmarthya kA dhanI hote hue bhI apariNAmI mAnate haiM tathA kucha ko prakRtivikRtisvarU kahate haiM / Apa sabhI vidvAna 'sAMkhyakArikA' kI isa kArikA se paricita hoMge - "mUlaprakRtiravikRtiH mahadAdyaH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / SoDazakastu vikArAH na prakRtinivikRtiH puruSaH // " ina sabake mela se bhI koI bhI dravya anekAntmaka dravya-paryAya-svarUpa siddha nahIM hotA hai| jainadarzana meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA pUrNataH maulika evaM viziSTa hai| cUMki jainadarzana meM vastusvarUpa kI AdhArabhitti hI anekAtmaka mAnI gayI hai; ataH yaha anekAntAtmakatA paryAya meM bhI svataH paryavasita hotI hai / paryAya kA svarUpa kSaNika yA parivartanamAtra hote hue bhI vaha saMpUrNa vastu nahIM hai, vastu kA aMza hai tathA nitya yA aparivartanazIla pakSa se pUrNa sAmaMjasya rakhate hue vaha apanA svarUpa avirodhIbhAva se surakSita rakhatI hai / yadyapi dArzanika-dRSTyA paryAya ko kSaNasthAyI yA parivartanamAtra kahA gayA hai, tathApi yahA~ bhI anekAntamAtmakatA vyApaka rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai / 'kAraNazuddhaparyAya' jaise pakSa apekSAkRta nityarUpa hokara bhI 'paryAya' saMjJA dhAraNa karate haiM tathA sAmAnya paryAyoM ko 'anitya' kahA hI gayA hai| isI prakAra kucha paryAyeM kramabhAvI haiM, to kucha sahabhAvI haiN| kucha dravya paryAyeM haiM, to kucha guNa paryAyeM haiN| kucha samAnajAtIya paryAyeM haiM, to kucha asamAnajAtIya haiN| inhIM sabake vivecana para paryAya kI dravya se bhedAbhedAtmaka dRSTi se anekAntAtmaka evaM maulika svarUpa kI dRSTi se anekAntAtmakatA pramANita hotI hai| jainadarzanokta 'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA ko isa anekAntAtmaka dRSTi ke Aloka meM samagrataH evaM binduzaH dekhe binA samajha pAnA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, samajhA pAnA to apekSAkRta dUra kI bAta hai| ataH maiM apane Alekha ke tIna varga kara rahA huuN| 'prathama varga' meM paryAya kA vyutpatti, nirukti, samAnArthaka zabda evaM paribhASA ke dvArA paricaya dUMgA / 'dvitIya varga' meM usake bheda-prabhedoM ko saMkSipta rUpa meM batAne kI ceSTA kruuNgaa| tathA 'tIsare varga' meM 'paryAya kI avadhAraNA' meM nihita maulikatA evaM vizeSatA ke rUpa meM usakI anekAntAtmakatA ko spaSTa karane kI naiSThika ceSTA kruuNgaa| inameM se prathama evaM dvitIya varga to dArzanika graMthoM meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ko hI prastuta kareMge / tathA tRtIya varga meM Agamika tathyoM ke Aloka meM apane pratipAdya ko spaSTa karane kA yatna hogA / yadyapi prathama evaM dvitIya varga kI sAmagrI anya manISiyoM dvArA isa saMgoSThI meM mere se pUrva prastuta kI jA cukI

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80 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ho - yaha saMbhava hai; ataH usakA vAcana kiye binA maiM isake apekSita binduoM ko lekara 'tRtIya varga' ko hI Apake samakSa prastuta karUgA / prathama varga : paryAya kA svarUpa (ka) vyutpattiyoM evaM niruktiyoM ke Aloka meM - (1) pari samantAdAyaH paryAyaH / arthAt jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare, vaha paryAya hai|' (2) svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti paryAya iti paryAyasya vyutpatti / arthAt jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se gamana karatI hai, yA pariNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai| (kha) samAnArthaka zabdoM ke Aloka meM - (1) paryAyo vizeSo'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH / arthAt paryAya kA artha vizeSa, apavAda aura vyAvRtti hai| (2) vavahAro yA viyappo bhedo taha pajjaotti eyo / arthAt vyavahAra, vikalpa, bheda aura paryAya ye saba ekArthavAcI haiM / (3) paryavaH paryavaH paryAya ityanarthAntaram / arthAt paryAya, paryava aura paryAya meM bhI ekArthavAcI (4) api cAMzaH paryAyo bhAgo hArovidhA prakArazca / bhedazchedo bhaMgaH zabdAzcaikArthavAcakA ete / arthAt aMza, paryAya, bhAga, hAra, vidhA, prakAra, bheda, cheda aura bhaMga - ye saba eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiM / (ga) paribhASAoM ke Aloka meM - (1) tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / arthAt guNoM ke pariNamana ko paryAya yA pariNAma kahate haiM 7 (2) vyatirekiNaH paryAyaH / arthAt paryAyeM vyatirekI hotI haiN| (3) padArthAsteSAmavayavA api pradezAkhyAH parasparavyatirekitvAparyAyA ucyante / arthAt padArthoM ke jo avayava haiM, ve bhI paraspara vyatirekayukta hone se paryAya kahalAte haiM / (4) kramavartinaH paryAya / arthAt eka paryAya ke bAda dUsarI paryAya kramapUrvaka hotI hai, ataH paryAya kramavartI kahalAtI hai / 10 (5) ekasmin dravye kramabhAvinaH paryAyA Atmani harSaviSAdAdivat / arthAt eka hI dravya meM krama se hone vAle pariNAmoM ko paryAya kahate haiM, jaise-AtmA meM hone vAle harSa-viSAda ke pariNAma / "

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'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM nihita dArzanika maulikatA evaM vizeSatA jainadarzana meM paryAyoM ko dravya aura guNa se kathaMcibhinna svataMtra mAnA gayA hai| - vastvasti svataH siddhaM yathA tathA tatsvatazca pariNAmi / api nityA pratisamayaM vinApi yatnaM hi pariNamanti guNAH / 12 itanA hI nahIM, jainAcAryoM ne paryAya evaM kriyA meM bhI antara mAnA hai| - bhAvo dvividhaH parispandAtmakaH aparispandAtmakazca / tatra parispandAtmakaH kriyetyAkhyAyate, itaraH pariNAmaH / 2 arthAt bhAva do prakAra ke hote haiM - parispandAtmaka evaM aparispandAtmaka / inameM se parispandAtmaka bhAvoM ko kriyA kahate haiM tathA aparispandAtmaka bhAvoM ko pariNAma yA paryAya kahate haiN| dvitIya varga : paryAya ke bheda-prabheda (ka) 'dravyaparyAya' aura 'guNaparyAya' - (1) paryAyastu dravyAtmakA api guNAtmakA api / arthAt paryAyeM dravyAtmaka bhI hotI haiM aura ___ guNAtmaka bhI / (2) dvidhA paryAyA dravyaparyAyA guNaparyAyAzca / arthAt paryAyeM do prakAra kI hotI haiM, dravyaparyAya aura guNaparyAya / 15 (3) tatrAnekadravyAtmakaikyapratipattinibandhano dravyaparyAyaH / arthAt aneka dravyAtmaka ekatA kI pratipattikI kAraNabhUta dravyaparyAya hai / 15 (4) yatare pradezabhAgAstatare dravyasya paryayA nAmnA / arthAt dravya ke jitane pradezarUpa aMza haiM, utane ve saba nAma se dravyaparyAya haiM / (5) guNadvAreNAnvayarUpAyA ekatvapratipatternibandhanaM kAraNabhUto guNaparyAyaH / arthAt jina paryAyoM meM guNoM ke dvArA anvayarUpa ekatva kA jJAna hotA hai, unheM guNaparyAya kahate haiM / 8 (6) guNaparyAyaH sa caikadravyagata evaM sahakAraphale haritapANDurAdivarNavat / arthAt guNaparyAya ekadravya meM bhI hotI hai, jaise kI eka Ama kI hare aura pIle rUpa paryAya / 9 (kha) 'arthaparyAya' aura 'vyaJjanaparyAya' - (1) dvitIyaprakAreNArthavyaJjanaparyAyarUpeNa dvidhA paryAyA bhavanti / arthAt dUsarI paddhati se 'arthaparyAya' aura 'vyaJjanaparyAya' ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI paryAyeM mAnI gayI haiM / 20 (2) dravyANi kramapariNAmeneyatidravyaiH kramapariNAmenAryanta iti vA arthaparyAyAH / arthAt jo dravya ko krama pariNAma se prApta karate haiM, athavA prApta kiye jAte haiM, ve arthaparyAya haiM / arthaparyAya sUkSma hai, jJAna-viSayaka hai, ataH zabda se nahIM kahI jA sakatI / yaha mAtra vartamAnakAlika vastu ko viSaya karatI hai, isalie AcAryoM ne ise 'RjusUtranaya' kA viSaya mAnA hai|

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82 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ___ (3) vajjasilAthaMbhAdisu vaMjaNasaNNidassa avaThThANuvalaMbhAdo vaMjaNapajjAo / arthAt vajrazilA, stambhAdi meM vyaJjana saMjJA se utpanna huI paryAya ko vyaJjanaparyAya kahate haiM / 22 vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla evaM zabdagocara hai, tathA apekSAkRta sthAyI bhI mAnI jAtI hai| jaise miTTI kI piNDa, sthAsa, koSa, kuzala, ghaTa aura kapAla Adi paryAyeM vyaJjanaparyAyeM haiN| zarIra ke AkArarUpa se jo AtmapradezoM kA avasthAna hai, vaha vyaJjanaparyAya kahalAtI hai| aura agurulaghu guNa kI SaTvRddhi aura hAnirUpa pratikSaNa badalatI haiM, ve arthaparyAya hotI haiM / vyaJjanaparyAya ko dravyaparyAya ke aMtargata mAnA gayA hai, jabaki arthaparyAya ko guNaparyAya kA aparanAma mAnA gayA hai / (ga) 'svabhAvaparyAya' aura 'vibhAvaparyAya' - (1) pajjayaM duvihaM sabbhAvaM khu vihAvaM davvANaM pajjayaM jiNuddiSTuM / davvaguNANa sahAvA pajjAyaM taha vihAvado NeyaM / arthAt paryAya do prakAra kI hotI haiM, svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya / dravya aura guNa donoM kI paryAyeM ina donoM prakAra kI hotI (2) paryAyAste dvedhA svabhAvavibhAvaparyAyabhedAt / arthAt paryAya do prakAra kI hai, svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya / 24 ye donoM bheda guNaparyAya ke mAne gaye haiM; jabaki dravyaparyAya ke do bheda samAnajAtIya aura asamAnajAtIya mAne gaye haiM / samAnajAtIya vaha hai, jaise ki aneka pudgalAtmaka dviaNuka, triaNuka ityAdi paryAyeM haiM; tathA asamAna jAtIya paryAyoM meM jIva pudalAtmaka deva evaM manuSya Adi paryAyeM lI gaI haiM / (gha) 'sahabhAvIparyAya' aura 'kramabhAvIparyAya' (1) yaH paryAya sa dvividhaH kramabhAvI sahabhAvI ceti / arthAt paryAya sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI ke bheda se do prakAra kI mAnI gayI haiM / 25 (Ga) 'svaparyAya' aura 'paraparyAya' (1) kevaliprajJayA tasyA jaghanyo'zaMstu paryayaH tadA'nena niSpannaM sA dyutinijaparyayAH / kSayopazamavaicitryaM jJeyavaicitryameva vA / jIvasya paraparyAyAH SaTsthAnapatitAmI / arthAt kevalajJAna ke dvArA niSpanna jo ananta antadyuti yA antarteja hai, vahI svaparyAya hai; aura kSayopazama ke dvArA ve jJeyoM ke dvArA citra-vicitra jo paryAya hai, vaha paraparyAya hai| donoM hI SaTsthAnapatita vRddhi-hAni-yukta hai / 26 (ca) 'kAraNazuddhaparyAya' aura 'kAryazuddhaparyAya' (1) iha hi sahajazuddhanizcayena anAdyanidhanAmUrtAtIndriyasvabhAvazuddhasahajajJAna-sahajadarzana sahajacAritra-sahajaparamavItarAga-sukhAtmaka-zuddhAntastattvasvarUpabhAvAnanta

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'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM nihita dArzanika maulikatA evaM vizeSatA 83 catuSTayasvarUpeNa sahAMcitapaMcamabhAvapariNatireva kAraNazuddhaparyAya ityarthaH / sAdyanidhanAmUrtAtIndriyasvabhAvazuddha-sadbhUtavyavahAreNa kevalajJAna-kevaladarzanakevalasukha-kevalazaktiyuktaphalarUpAnantacatuSTayena sArddha paramotkRSTakSAyikabhAvasya zuddhapariNatireva kAryazuddhaparyAyazca / arthAt sahaja zuddha nizcaya se anAdi-ananta, amUrta, atIndriya svabhAvavAle aura zuddha aise sahajajJAna-sahajadarzana-sahajacAritra-sahaja paramavItarAgasukhAtmaka zuddhaantastattvarUpa jo svabhAva anantacatuSTaya kA svarUpa usake sAtha kI jo pUjita paMcamabhAva-pariNati, vahI kAraNazuddhaparyAya hai| sAdiananta, amUrta atIndriya svabhAvavAle, zuddhasadbhUta vyavahAra se kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana-kevalasukha-kevalazaktiyukta phalarUpa anantacatuSTaya ke sAtha hI paramotkRSTa kSAyikabhAva kI jo zuddha-pariNati, vahI kAryazuddhaparyAya hai / ye donoM bheda svabhAvaparyAya ke mAne gaye haiN| jo kAraNazuddhaparyAya evaM kAryazuddhaparyAya haiM, inheM hI lagabhaga milate-julate abhiprAya se kAryazuddha jIva evaM kAraNazuddha jIva bhI kahA gayA hai / - zuddhasadbhUtavyavahAreNa kevalajJAnAdizuddhaguNAnAmAdhAra bhUtatvAtkAryazuddhajIvaH / ... zuddhanizcayena sahajajJAnAdiparasvabhAvaguNAnAmAdhArabhUtatvAtkAraNazuddhajIvaH / 28 arthAt zuddha-sadbhUtavyavahAranaya se kevalajJAnAdi zuddha guNoM kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa kArya zuddhajIva' (siddha paryAya) hai / zuddha nizcayanaya se sahajajJAnAdi paramasvabhAva guNoM kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa (trikAlI zuddha caitanya) kAraNazuddha jIva hai| inhIM ko 'kAraNasamayasAra' aura 'kAryasamayasAra' bhI kahA gayA hai - kAraNakajjasahAvaM samayaM kAdUNa hodi jhAyavvaM kajjaM suddhasarUvaM kAraNabhUdaM tu sAhaNaM tassa suddho kammakhayAdo kAraNasamao hu jIva sabbhAvo / khaya puNu sahAva-jhANe tahayA taM kAraNaM jheyaM / 9 arthAt kAraNa va kAryasamayasAra ko jAnakara dhyAna karanA cAhie / kAryasamayasAra zuddhasvarUpa hai tathA kAraNasamayasAra usakA sAdhana hai| zuddha tathA karmoM ke kSaya se kAryasamayasAra hotA hai| kAraNasamayasAra jIva kA svabhAva hai, svabhAva ke dhyAna karane se karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai; isalie kAraNasamayasAra kA dhyAna karanA cAhie / tRtIya varga : paryAya kI maulika vizeSatA - anekAntAtmakatA jainadarzana meM paryAya kA svarUpa dravya se kAlabheda ke AdhAra para mAnA gayA hai, pradezabheda ke AdhAra para nhiiN| bauddhoM ne pradezabhedavat anityatva yA paryAyadharma ko vastu kA hI svarUpa mAna liyA thaa| isa aikAntika mAnyatA ke kAraNa bauddhoM kA kSaNabhaMgavAda jainAbhimata paryAya kA sthAna nahIM le sakA / tathA sAMkhyoM ke dvArA mAnA gayA puruSa kA kUTasthanitya svarUpa bhI paryAyapakSa kI pUrNa upekSA ke kAraNa lokagrAhya nahIM ho skaa| vastutaH paryAya jainadarzana kI aisI maulika avadhAraNA hai, jo dravyAtmaka svarUpa se na to vastutaH bhinna hai, aura na hI pUrNataH vasturUpa hI hai| aisA pratipAdana jainadarzana kI anekAntAtmaka ciMtana-paddhati

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84 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke kAraNa hI saMbhava ho sakA / jaise ki 'aMgulI kA hilanA' meM yadi aMgulI ko dravyarUpa mAna liyA jAye (yaha mAtra udAharaNa ke lie kahA jA rahA hai, vastutaH aMgulI pudgala kI vyaJjanaparyAya hai), to hilanA rUpa paryAya na to aMgulI se pUrNataH bhinna hai aura na hI pUrNataH abhinna hai; kyoMki yadi pUrNataH bhinna mAnA jAye to aMgulI ke binA hilanA apanA astitva kahA~ siddha karegA aura usa aMgulI kA hilanA kaise kahA jA sakegA? tathA yadi pUrNataH abhinna mAnA jAye, to hilanA samApta hote hI aMgulI ko bhI samApta honA pdd'egaa| ataH vaha hilanA paryAya ke rUpa meM apane dravya se kathaMcit bhinnAbhinna anekAntarUpa se hI siddha hotA hai| yaha sAmAnya kSaNika paryAya ke bAre meM anekAntAtmaka ciMtana hai| paryAya ke kSaNikatva aura akSaNikatva kI dRSTi se bhI use anekAntAtmaka mAnA jAtA hai, anyathA kAraNazuddhaparyAya aura kAryazuddhaparyAya tathA arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya kA svarUpa-bheda saMbhava nahIM hogaa| kyoMki kAryazuddhaparyAya (siddhaparyAya) arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM pratisamaya parivartanazIla hotI hai, jabaki unhIM siddhoM kI AtmapradezoM kI AkRtigata vyaJjanaparyAya sAdi-anaMta ekarUpa mAnI gayI hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne dhavalAgraMtha (9/4, 1, 48/ 243) meM vyaJjanaparyAyoM kI sthiti aMrtamuhurta se lekara 6 mAsa yA saMkhyAtavarSa taka mAnA hai| jabaki arthaparyAya vizuddha kSaNabhaMgura hI mAnI gayI hai - khaNakhaiNo atthapajjayA diyA / isa prakAra kAla kI dRSTi se bhI paryAya kA svarUpa pUrNataH kSaNabhaMgura nahIM hai, aura vaha anekAntAtmaka hI siddha hotI hai| __ yahA~ yaha prazna saMbhava hai ki dravya aura guNoM se paryAya kA svarUpa kAlagata kSaNikatA ke kAraNa hI bhinna mAnA gayA thA, jabaki yadi kucha paryAyeM kSaNika nahIM hai, to unakA paryAyatva kaise pratipAdita kareMge? isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki paryAya kA svarUpa dravya aura guNoM kI apekSA kAlagata bheda para AdhArita hai. aura isI AdhAra para ina sabhI kSaNika-akSaNika paryAyoM ko dravya aura gaNa se svataMtra mAnA evaM kahA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha eka aisA viSaya hai, jisakA pratipAdana to sarvajJoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai, tathA samprati isakA ciMtana evaM uhApoha sAmAnya janoM ke dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai, ataH yaha svarUpa isa dArzanikoM kI saMgati meM vyApakarUpa se mananIya hai / saMdarbha rAjavArtika, adhyAya 1, sUtra 331, dhavalA, 1/1,1,1/48 / 2. AlApapaddhati, 6 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 1, sUtra 33 / 4. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 572 / 5. syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 23, pRSTha 272 / 6. paMcAdhyAyI pUrvArddha, kArikA 60 / 7. tattvArthasUtra, 5/42 / 8. sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 5, sUtra 28 /

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85 'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM nihita dArzanika maulikatA evaM vizeSatA 9. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 5 kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA / 10. AlApapaddhati, pRSTha 6, paramAtmaprakAza mUla padya 57 / 11. parIkSAmukha, 4/81 / / 12. paMcAdhyAyI pUrvArddha, kArikA 89 / 13. rAjavArtika, adhyAya 5, sUtra 22 / 14. pravacanasAra, gAthA 93 kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA / 15. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 16 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA / 16. pravacanasAra, gAthA 92 kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA / 17. paMcAdhyAyI pUrvArddha, gAthA 135 / 18. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 16 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA / 19. vhii| 20. vhii| 21. pravacanasAra, gAthA 87 kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA / 22. dhavalA, 4/1,5,4/337 / 23. bRhadnayacakra, gAthA 17-19 / 24. AlApapaddhati, pRSTha 3 / 25. tattvArthazlokavArtika, adhyAya 4, sUtra 1, vArtika 33 / 26. mokSapaMcAzata, padya 23-25 / 27. niyamasAra, gAthA 15 kI tAtparyavatti TIkA / 28. vahI, gAthA 9 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA / 29. bRhadnayacakra, gAthA 360-360 / 30. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, gAthA 25 / TippaNiyA~ maMgalAcaraNa - tajjayati paraM jyotiH samaM samastairanantaparyAyaiH / darpaNatala iva sakalA pratiphalita padArthamAlikA yatra // (AcArya amRtacaMdra, puruSArtha siddhyupAya) paryAya ke svarUpa kI vizeSatAyeM- paryAya kA svarUpa mUlataH kSaNasthAyI mAnA gayA, tathA kAla kI anAdianantA ke kAraNa paryAyeM bhI (pratyeka dravya evaM pratyeka guNa kI) ananta mAnI gayIM haiM, jo pratisamaya parivartanazIla haiN| paryAya kI vizeSatA aura sarvajJa- jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra pudgala-paramANu eka samaya meM caudaha rajju pramANa gamana kara sakatA hai| 'samaya' ke itane sUkSma svarUpa kA Akalana kyA pratyakSa ke alAvA anya koI jJAna kara sakatA hai? yadi nahIM, to mati-zrutajJAna to parokSa hone se chUTa jAyeMge / tathA avadhi-manaHparyAyajJAna pudgala-grAhI hone se jAlpI kAla ke sUkSmatama aMza 'samaya' ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha haiM hii| taba kevalajJAna aura kevalajJAnI ke binA 'paryAya' ke mApa 'samaya'

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86 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ko koI anya kyA jAna sakatA hai ? "kSaNAnAmatisUkSmAnAH AlakSayitumazakyatvAt / " yahI sthiti paryAyoM kI anantatA kI hai| ananta kA mApa tadpasAmarthya kA dhanI anantajJAna-kevalajJAna ke dhanI sarvajJa hI kara sakate haiN| dravya aura sarvajJa- itanA hI nahIM rUpI pudgala ke sUkSmatama aMza 'paramANu' ko bhI sarvajJa jaise anaMta evaM nirAkaraNa sAmarthya ke binA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki vijJAna dvArA jJAta paramANu kA vikhaMDana ho jAtA hai, aura jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra paramANu vaha sUkSmatama aMza hai, jo vikhaMDana ke yogya nahIM hai| vastu-vyavasthA aura sarvajJa - "sUkSmAntarita-dUrArthaH pratyakSA, kasyacidyathA / anumeytvte'gnyaadiritisrvjnysNsthitiH|" pratyeka dravya meM prameyatva nAmaka sAmAnyaguNa hai| usase vaha dravya aura usakI pratyeka paryAya pradeza bhI pratisamaya kisI na kisI jJAna ke viSaya avazya bane rahanA caahie| kyA sarvajJa ke binA yaha saMbhava hai? paryAya kI vaijJAnikatA pariNamana zIlatA pratyeka vastu kA svabhAva hai, kintu usakI bhI maryAdAyeM haiN| usakA niyamana dravyatva, vastutva evaM agurulaghutva nAmaka sAmAnya guNa karate haiM / ataH yaha eka suvyavasthita vyavasthA hai| dUdha kI nAnAvidha paryAyoM ne anekavidha vaijJAnika zodhoM ko janma diyaa| eka vidyuta-pravAha ke zItoSNakAraka bahuvidha-yaMtroM meM bahuvidha upayoga pudgala-paryAyoM ke vaicitrya ko dikhAte haiN| 'upAdAna' kI 'upAdeya' tathA 'nimitta' kI 'naimittika bhI paryAyeM hI haiN| 'satkAryavAda (sAMkhya) evaM 'asatkAryavAda' kA vivAda paryAya kI anekAntAtmakatA ko nahIM samajha pAne ke kAraNa utpanna hai| dravya-guNa-paryAya sambandha anekAnta kI bhitti para AdhArita hai| jIva aura pudgala meM paraspara nimitta-naimittika sambandhoM kI bahulatA hone se 'paryAya' kI avadhAraNA meM ina donoM kI maulikatA evaM svataMtratA jAnanA saMbhavataH eka viziSTa dArzanika dizAbodha hogaa| kyoMki dina ke dizAbodha ke binA darzana kI dArzanikatA caritArtha nahIM hotI hai|

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jainadarzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya bhedAbhedavAda kI avadhAraNA azoka kumAra jaina vizva jar3a aura cetana do prakAra ke tattvoM kA samudAya hai| vedAnta darzana ke atirikta prAyaH anya saba darzanoM ne inakI svataMtra sattA svIkAra kI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai / AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai - pajjaya-vijudaM davvaM-davvaM vijuttaM ya pajjayA Nasthi / doNhaM aNaNNabhUdaM bhAva samaNA parUviti // paJcAstikAya, gAthA 12 arthAt paryAyoM se rahita dravya aura dravya rahita paryAya nahIM hotI / donoM kA ananyabhAva zramaNa prarUpita karate haiN| jainadarzana ke atirikta anya darzanoM meM dravya ke viSaya meM cAra mata prApta hote haiM / vedAnta darzana kA mata hai ki jagat meM jo kucha hai vaha eka hai, sadrUpa hai aura nitya hai| yaha mata mAtra eka cetana tattva kI pratiSThA karatA hai aura vizva kI vividhatA ko mAyA kA pariNAma batalAtA hai / isake viparIta bauddha mata hai ki jagat meM jo kucha hai vaha nAnA hai aura vizaraNazIla hai / vaizeSika darzana meM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya ina chaha padArthoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha sat ko mAnane ke sAtha asat ko bhI mAnatA hai, parantu donoM ko nirapekSa mAnatA hai / vaha sat meM bhI paramANu dravya aura kAla, AtmA Adi ko nitya aura kArya dravya ghaTa paTa Adi ko anitya mAnatA hai| sAMkhya mata sat ke cetana aura acetana do bheda karatA hai, jise prakRti aura puruSa ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| usameM puruSa ko nitya aura prakRti ko pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM dravya ko paribhASita karate hue likhA gayA hai - davvaM sallakkhaNayaM uppAda-vvaya-dhuvatta-saMjuttaM / guNa-pajjayA, sayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU // paJcAstikAya, gAthA 10

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88 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jo sat lakSaNavAlA hai, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyasaMyukta hai athavA jo guNaparyAyoM kA Azraya hai, use sarvajJa dravya kahate haiN| jaina mata meM dravya kI paribhASA anya darzanoM se kucha bhinna hai| usameM kisI bhI padArtha ko na to sarvathA nitya hI mAnA gayA hai aura na sarvathA anitya hI / kAraNa dravya sarvathA nitya hai aura kArya dravya sarvathA anitya hai yaha bhI unakA mata nahIM, kintu usake anusAra jar3a-cetana samagra sadrUpa padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAva vAle hote haiN| pratyeka padArtha parivartanazIla hai aura usameM yaha parivartana pratisamaya hotA rahatA hai, jaise dUdha kucha samaya bAda dahI rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai aura phira dahI kA maTThA banA liyA jAtA hai| yahA~ yadyapi dUdha se dahIM aura dahIM se maTThA ye tIna bhinna-bhinna avasthAyeM dikhAI detI haiM para ye tInoM eka gorasa kI hI haiM, isI prakAra pratyeka dravya meM avasthA bheda ke hone para bhI usakA anvaya pAyA jAtA hai, isalie vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa siddha hotA hai yaha pratyeka dravya kA sAmAnya svabhAva hai| dravya ko dUsare zabdoM meM guNaparyAya vAlA bhI kahA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM likhA hai 'guNaparyayavad dravyam' / pratyeka vastu kA apanA svakIya svarUpa hai / jo bhI koI vastu hai, yadyapi vaha svayaM apaneapane svabhAva meM sthita hai, kintu apanI-apanI vastu ko na chor3akara rahane vAlA svabhAva hI vivakSita hokara bheda kA kartA ho jAtA hai / paJcAdhyAyI meM guNoM ke nAmoM ke bAre meM likhA hai - zaktilakSma vizeSo dharmo rUpa guNaH svabhAvazca / prakRti, zIlaM cAkRtirekArthavAcakA amI zabdAH // 1/48 zakti, lakSma, vizeSa, dharma, rUpa, guNa, svabhAva, prakRti, zIla aura AkRti ye saba ekArthavAcI zabda haiM arthAt ye saba vizeSa yA guNa ke paryAyavAcI nAma haiM / guNa anvayI hote haiM aura paryAya vyatirekI / pratyeka dravya meM kArya bheda se ananta zaktiyoM kA anumAna hotA hai| inhIM kI guNasaMjJA hai| ye anvayI svabhAva hokara bhI sadaiva eka avasthA meM nahIM rahate haiM, kintu pratisamaya badalate rahate haiM / inakA badalanA hI paryAya hai / guNa anvayI hote haiM, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki zakti kA kabhI bhI nAza nahIM hotA / jJAna sadA kAla jJAna banA rahatA hai, tathApi jo jJAna vartamAna samaya meM hai, vahI jJAna agale samaya meM nahIM rahatA / dUsare samaya meM vaha anya prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| tathApi pratyeka guNa apanI dhArA ke bhItara rahate hue hI pratisamaya anya-anya avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai| guNoM kI ina avasthAoM kA nAma hI paryAya hai| isase inheM vyatirekI kahA jAtA hai / ve pratisamaya anya-anya hotI rahatI haiM / ye guNa aura paryAya milakara hI dravya kahalAte haiM / dravya inake sivA svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM likhA hai - 'tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH' arthAt dharmAdi dravyoM kA apane nija svabhAva meM rahanA hI pariNAma hai| paryAya kA vAstavika artha vastu kA aMza hai| dhruva anvayI yA sahabhUta tathA kSaNika vyatirekI yA kramabhAvI ke bheda se aMza do prakAra ke hote haiM / pravacanasAra meM likhA hai -

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89 jainadarzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya bhedAbhedavAda kI avadhAraNA atyo khalu davvamao davvANi guNappagANi bhaNidANi / tehiM puNo pajjAyA pajjayamUDhA hi parasamayA // 2 // artha dravyamaya hai aura dravya guNamaya hai| unameM paryAya hotI hai| yahA~ artha dravyamaya aura dravyoM ko guNamaya kahane se unake abheda yA aikya ko sUcita kiyA hai| AlApa-paddhati meM paryAya ke sambandha meM likhA hai| guNavikArAH paryAyAste dvadhA arthavyaJjanaparyAya bhedAt // 15 // guNa ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiM / ve paryAyeM do prakAra kI haiM / (1) artha paryAya (2) vyaJjana pryaay| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM bhI likhA hai - suhumA avAyavisayA khaNakhaiNo atthapajjayA divA / vaMjaNapajjAyA puNa thUlA giragoyarA ciravivatthA // 25 // paryAya ke do bheda haiM artha paryAya aura vyaJjana paryAya / inameM artha-paryAya sUkSma hai, jJAna kA viSaya hai, zabdoM se nahIM kahI jA sakatI aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM nAza ko prApta hotI rahatI hai, kintu vyaJjana paryAya sthUla hai, zabdagocara hai arthAt zabdoM ke dvArA kahI jA sakatI hai aura cirasthAyI hai| tarkabhASA meM likhA hai "bhUtabhaviSyatvasparzarahitaM vartamAnakAlAvacchinnaM vastusvarUpaM cArthaparyAyaH" arthAt jo paryAya bhUta aura bhaviSyat kAla meM sparza se rahita hai, mAtra vartamAna kAla meM hI eka samaya mAtra hI rahatA hai, vaha artha paryAya hai| alApapaddhati meM arthaparyAya ke bhedoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai, arthaparyAyAste dvedhA svabhAvavibhAva paryAya bhedAt // 16 // artha paryAya do prakAra ke haiM 1. svabhAva paryAya 2. vibhAva paryAya / svabhAvArtha paryAya saba dravyoM meM hotI hai, kintu vibhAva paryAya jIva aura pudgala ina do dravyoM meM hI hotI hai, kyoMki ye do dravya hI baMdha avasthA ko prApta hote haiM / nayacakra meM kahA hai - sambhAvaM khu vihAvaM davvANaM pajjayaM jiNuTTi / savvesiM ca sahAyaM vivbhAvaM jIva poggalANaM ca // davvaguNANa sahAvaM pajjAyaM taha vihAvado NeyaM / jIve jIva sahAvA te vihAvA hu kammakadA // poggaladavve jo paNa vibhAo kAlaperio hodi / so Niddharukkhasahido baMdho khalu hoi tasseva // 18.20 // jinendra bhagavAna ne dravyoM kI svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya kI bAta kahI haiM / saba dravyoM meM svabhAvaparyAyeM hotI hai, kintu jIva aura pudgala meM vibhAvaparyAya bhI hotI hai| dravya aura guNoM meM svabhAvaparyAya bhI hotI hai aura vibhAvaparyAya bhI hotI hai / jIva meM jIvatva rUpa svabhAva paryAyeM hotI haiM aura karmakRta

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90 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA vibhAvaparyAyeM hotI haiN| pudgala vibhAvaparyAyeM kAla prerita hotI haiM, jo snigdha aura rUkSaguNa ke kAraNa baMdharUpa hotI haiN| artha paryAya kI apekSA sabhI padArtha pariNAmI mAne jAte haiM / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai - vaMjaNapariNaivirahA dhammAdIA have apariNAmA / atthapariNAmamAsiya savve pariNAmiNo atthA // dharmAdika arthAt dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAza aura kAla ke cAra dravya vyaJjanaparyAya ke abhAva se apariNAmI kahalAte haiM, kintu arthaparyAya kI apekSA sabhI. padArtha pariNAmI mAne jAte haiM / ye arthaparyAya svabhAvaparyAyeM haiM tathA Agamagamya haiM, kyoMki hama loga eka kSaNa ko aura usa eka kSaNa ke pariNamana ko buddhi se grahaNa hI nahIM kara sakate / samaya atyaMta sUkSma hai| arthaparyAya meM hone vAlA yaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya bhinna-bhinna bAhya kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai, kyoMki vyaJjanaparyAya meM hI kadAcit bAhya kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| ataeva arthaparyAya rUpa se utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya to siddhoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, vahA~ bhI zuddhAtmA meM pratikSaNa SaTguNa hAni vRddhi rUpa se utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya hotA hI rahatA hai / sumeruparvata anAdi anidhana hai aura paudgalika hai, usameM bhI pratikSaNa utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya ho rahA hai / akRtrima caityAlayoM aura unameM sthita akRtrima pratimAoM meM aura anAdi nidhana vahAM kI dhvajA, mAlA, toraNadvAroM meM bhI utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya ho rahA hai / bAlaka pAMca varSa kA huA ekadama nahIM bar3hA hai| eka-eka mahIne se to kyA eka-eka dina se vaddhi huI hai. kintu dina pratidina kI vRddhi to dikhatI nahIM hai aura to kyA ghaNTe-ghaNTe meM bhI bAlaka bar3hatA rahatA hai| adhika sUkSmatA se vicAra kareM to eka-eka samaya se bhI vRddhi ho rahI hai| agale kSaNa kI vRddhi rUpa utpAda, pUrva kSaNa kA vinAza aura donoM avasthAoM meM dhrauvya rUpa AtmA kA nivAsa rahanA, isI kA nAma utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya hai / aMkura avasthA kA utpAda, bIja avasthA kA vinAza aura pudgala rUpa kA avasthAna donoM hI avasthAoM meM vidyamAna hai, isI ko pariNAma bhI kahate haiM / isa paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna sAmagrI kI apekSA na rakhatA huA pratyeka padArtha ananta-dharmAtmaka hai aura krama se avicchinna rUpa se anvaya santatirUpa anubhava meM A rahA hai| sabhI padArthoM kI yahI avasthA hai| vyaJjana paryAya to sthira sthUla AkAra vAlI hotI haiM, jaise manuSya paryAya sau varSa kI hai, usakA vinAza hokara do sAgara kI sthiti vAlA deva paryAya kA utpAda ho jAtA hai aura donoM avasthAoM meM jIvAtmA anvaya rUpa meM rahatA hai yaha vyaJjana paryAya hai / AcArya zubhacandra ne likhA hai - "mUrto vyaJjanaparyAyo vAggamyo nazvaraH sthiraH / sUkSmaH pratikSaNadhvaMsI paryAyazcArtha saMjJakaH // " jJAnArNava 6/45 jo sthira, sthUla, nazvara hai aura vacana se kahI jAtI hai, vaha vyaJjanaparyAya hai| isase viparIta sUkSma aura pratikSaNadhvaMsI - eka kSaNavartImAtra jo paryAya hai, vaha arthaparyAya kahalAtI hai /

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91 jainadarzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya bhedAbhedavAda kI avadhAraNA sanmati prakaraNa meM likhA hai - egadaviyammi je atthapajjayA vayaNapajjayA vA vi / tIyANAgaya bhUyA tAvaiyaM taM havai davvaM // 1/31 eka dravya ke bhItara jo atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata artha paryAya tathA zabda arthAt vyaJjana paryAya hote haiM, vaha dravya utanA hotA hai / AcArya abhinavabhUSaNa ne likhA hai - __ "vyaJjana vyaktiH pravRtti nivRttinibandhanaM jalAnayanAdyarthakriyAkAritvam tenopalakSitaH paryAyo vyaJjana paryAyaH, mRdAdeH (yathA) piNDa-sthAsa-koza-kuzUla-ghaTaH kapAlAdayaMparyAyAH // nyAyadIpikA pR.120 vyakti kA nAma vyaJjana hai aura jo pravRtti nivRtti meM kAraNabhUta jala ke le Ane Adi rUpa arthakriyAkAritA hai vaha vyakti hai, usa vyakti se yukta paryAya ko vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiM arthAt jo padArthoM meM pravRtti aura nivRtti janaka jalAnayana Adi arthakriyA karane meM samartha paryAya hai, use vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiM / jaise miTTI Adi kA piNDa, sthAsa, koza, kuzUla, ghaTa aura kapAla Adi paryAya haiM / paryAya ko Urdhva paryAya evaM tiryak paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke aneka manuSyoM kI apekSA se manuSya kI jo ananta paryAyeM haiM, ve tiryak paryAya kahI jAtI haiM / yadi eka hI manuSya ke pratikSaNa hone vAle pariNamana ko paryAya kaheM to vaha Urdhva paryAya hai| "paryAyavyatirekabhedAt" / eka dravya meM krama se hone vAle pariNAmoM ko paryAya kahate haiM / jaise AtmA meM harSa-viSAda Adi pariNAma krama se hote haiM, ve hI paryAya haiM / eka padArtha kI apekSA anya padArtha meM rahane vAle visadRza pariNAma ko vyatireka kahate haiM / jaise gAya, bhaiMsa Adi meM vilakSaNapanA pAyA jAtA hai| eka anya prakAra se bhI paryAyoM ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM - dravya aura guNa paryAya / aneka dravyasvarUpa kI ekatA ke jJAna kA jo kAraNa ho use dravya paryAya kahate haiM, jaise aneka vastuoM se banI huI ko eka yAna yA vAhana kahanA / yaha dravya paryAya do prakAra kI hotI hai eka samAna jAtIya, dUsarI asamAna jAtIya / samAna jAtIya use kahate haiM ki do, tIna, cAra Adi paramANurUpa pudgala dravya milakara jo skandha ho jAte haiM ve acetana ke sAtha acetana ke sambandha se hote haiM, isalie samAna jAtIya dravya paryAya kahalAte haiM / jIva jaba dUsarI gati ko jAtA hai taba navIna zarIra rUpa nokarma pudgala ko letA hai| usase manuSya, deva Adi paryAya kI utpatti hotI hai / cetana rUpa jIva ke sAtha acetana rUpa pudgala ke milana se jo paryAya huI yaha asamAna jAtIya dravya paryAya kahI jAtI hai| ye samAna jAtIya tathA asamAna jAtIya aneka dravyoM kI eka rUpa dravya paryAyeM jIva aura pudgala meM hI hotI haiM tathA azuddha hI hotI

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92 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA haiM, kyoMki aneka dravyoM ke paraspara milane se huI haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla meM paraspara milane rUpa koI paryAya nahIM hotI hai / na para dravya ke sambandha se koI azuddha paryAya hotI hai / guNa paryAyeM bhI do prakAra kI haiM - svabhAva guNaparyAya, vibhAva guNaparyAya / guNa ke dvArA anvaya rUpa ekatA ke jJAna kA kAraNa rUpa jo paryAya ho, use guNa paryAya kahate haiM, vaha eka dravya ke bhItara hI hotI hai, jaise pudgala kA dRSTAnta Ama ke phala meM hai ki usake varNa-guNa kI harI, pIlI Adi paryAyeM hotI haiN| pratyeka paryAya meM jJAna guNa kI ekatA kA jJAna hai jIva ke pratyeka paryAya meM jJAna guNa kI ekatA kA bodha hai / ye jIva aura pudgala kI vibhAva guNa paryAyeM haiM / svabhAva guNaparyAyeM agurulaghuguNa kI SaTguNI hAni vRddhirUpa haiM jo sarva dravyoM meM sAdhAraNatayA pAI jAtI haiN| isa taraha svabhAva vibhAva guNa paryAya haiN| guNa aura artha se ekArthavAcI hone se jise guNa paryAya kahate haiM, vahI artha paryAya hai| aura jise dravya paryAya kahate haiM, usI kA nAma vyaJjana paryAya hai / jIva dravya meM jJAna Adi, pudgala dravya meM rUpa Adi, dharma dravya meM gatihetutva Adi, adharma dravya meM sthiti santulana, anAdi AkAza dravya meM avagAhanatva Adi aura kAladravya meM vartanA Adi ananta guNa haiM, jo apane svarUpa kA tyAga na karane ke kAraNa yadyapi trikAlAvasthAyI haiM, tathApi ve sadA eka parimANa meM na rahakara antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNoM ke anusAra nyUnAdhika rUpa se pariNamana karate rahate haiN| unameM yaha nyUnAdhikatA unake guNAMzoM kI apekSA se hI prApta hotI hai, anya prakAra se nahIM, ataH dravyArthika naya kI apekSA ve avasthita aura paryAyArthika naya kI upekSA se anavasthita siddha hote haiM / isI prakAra dravya aura unake pradezoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAna lenA caahie| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki dravya ke pradezoM meM nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotI ve jitane haiM sadA kAla utane hI bane rahate haiM, tathApi avagAhana guNa kI apekSA unake avagAhana meM nyUnAdhikatA AtI rahatI hai| asaMkhya pradezI eka hI jIva dravya kabhI kIr3I ke zarIra meM samA jAtA hai aura kabhI phailakara vaha lokAkAza meM barAbara ho jAtA hai, pradezoM meM nyUnAdhikatA ke nahIM hone para yahA~ para bhI tAratamya ghaTita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra isa kathana se artha paryAya aura vyaJjana paryAya donoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| AlApa paddhati meM likhA hai - anAdyanighane dravye svaparyAyAH pratikSaNam / unmazaMti nimajjati jalakallolavajjale // dharmAdharmanabhaH kAla arthaparyAyaH gocarAH / vyaJjanena tu sambuddhau dvAvanyau jIva-pudgalau // anAdi-ananta dravya meM apanI-apanI paryAyeM pratikSaNa utpanna hotI rahatI haiM aura vinazatI rahatI haiM, jaise jala meM lahareM utpanna hotI rahatI haiM aura vinazatI rahatI haiM / dharma dravya, adharma dravya, AkAza dravya aura kAladravya ina cAroM dravyoM meM artha paryAya hI hotI hai, kintu inase bhinna jIva aura pudgala ina donoM dravyoM meM vyaJjana paryAya bhI hotI haiM /

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93 jainadarzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya bhedAbhedavAda kI avadhAraNA agurulaghu guNa kA pariNamana svabhAvika arthaparyAyeM haiM / ve paryAyeM bAraha prakAra kI haiM 6 vRddhirUpa aura 6 hAni rUpa / anaMtabhAgavRddhi, asaMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAtaguNavRddhi, asaMkhyAtaguNavRddhi, ananta guNavRddhi ye 6 vRddhi rUpa paryAyeM haiM / ananta bhAgahAni, asaMkhyAta bhAgahAni, saMkhyAta bhAgahAni, saMkhyAtaguNa hAni, asaMkhyAtaguNahAni, anaMtaguNahAni ye 6 hAni rUpa paryAyeM haiM / zaMkA - yadi guNoM kA samudAya hI dravya hai to dravya meM jitanI bhI paryAyeM hoMgI ve saba niyama se guNaparyAya hI kahI jAnI cAhie, dravya paryAya kisI ko bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie / samAdhAna - yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki guNatva dharma kI apekSA yadyapi saba guNa haiM to bhI unameM vizeSatA hai / jaise unameM koI cetana guNa haiM aura koI acetana guNa haiM, vaise hI ve kriyAvatI zakti aura bhAvavatI zakti ke bheda se bhI do prakAra ke haiN| unameM se pradeza ko yA deza parispanda ko kriyA kahate haiM aura zakti vizeSa ko yA avibhAga praticchedoM ke dvArA hone vAle unake pariNAma ko bhAva kahate haiM / isalie jitane pradeza rUpa avayava hote haiM, utane dravya-paryAya kahalAte haiM aura jitane guNAMza hote haiM / utane guNaparyAya kahe jAte haiM / guNa nitya hote haiM ki anitya yaha vivAda purAnA hai, jaina paramparA inameM se kisI bhI eka pakSa ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| unake mata se dravya ke samAna guNa bhI kathaMcit aura kathaMcit anitya hote haiM, kyoMki guNa dravya se pRthak nahIM pAye jAte haiM, isalie dravya kA jo svabhAva ThaharatA hai, guNoM kA bhI vahI svabhAva prApta hotA hai aisA nahIM hotA ki koI guNa vartamAna meM ho aura kucha kAla bAda na rahe, jitane bhI guNa hote haiM ve sadA pAye jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha jIva meM jJAna Adi kA pudgala meM rUpa Adi kA sadA anvaya dekhA jAtA hai| aisA samaya na to kabhI prApta huA aura na kabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba jIva meM jJAna Adi guNa na raheM aura pudgala meM rUpa Adi na rheN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki guNa nitya haiM / unakI yaha nityatA pratyabhijJAnagamya hai| mAnA ki viSaya bheda se jIva kA jJAna guNa badala jAtA hai / jaba vaha ghaTa ko jAnatA hai taba vaha ghaTAkAra ho jAtA hai aura paTa ko jAnate hue paTAkAra, tathApi jJAna kI dhArA nahIM TUTatI, isalie santAna kI apekSA vaha nitya hI hai / vAstava meM dekhA jAe to nitya aura santAna ye ekArthavAcI hI haiM / inako chor3akara dhruva bhI aura kucha nahIM / jaina paramparA meM aisA dhruvatva iSTa nahIM jo sadA apariNAmI rahe / sAMkhya puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM sahI para prakRti ke samparka se use baddha jaisA mAna lene para vaha kUTasthatA bana nahIM sktii| yahI bAta nityavAdiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAna lenA cAhie / isa prakAra ukta vivecana se siddha huA ki guNa vividha avasthAoM meM rahakara bhI apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA, isalie to vaha nitya hai / jaise harA Ama pakane para pIlA ho jAtA hai, tathApi usase raMga judA nahIM hotA / isase jJAta hotA hai ki varNa nitya hai, yahI bAta saba guNoM ke sambandha meM bhI samajha lenA cAhie / isa prakAra guNoM kI kathaMcit anityatA kA vicAra karate haiM / jaina paramparA meM nityatA kA yaha matalaba nahIM ki vaha sadA eka sA banA rahe. usameM kisI prakAra kA bhI pariNamana na ho| yaha to samajha meM AtA hai ki kisI bhI vastu yA guNa meM vijAtIya pariNamana nahIM hotaa| jIva badala kara pudgala yA anya dravya rUpa nahIM hote / jIva sadA jIva hI banA rahatA hai aura pudgala sadA pudgala hI / tAtparya

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94 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki jo dravya jisa rUpa kA hotA hai vaisA hI banA rahatA hai| jIva kA kIr3I se kuJjara honA saMbhava hai para vaha jIvatva ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA, kintu pratyeka vastu yA guNa meM sajAtIya pariNamana bhI na mAnA jAye to bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI / hama dekhate haiM ki hamArI buddhi viSaya ke anusAra sadA badalatI rahatI hai| jo vartamAna meM paTa ko jAna rahI hai vahI kAlAntara meM ghaTa ko jAnane lagatI hai| isI prakAra jo Ama vartamAna meM harA hai vahI kAlAntara meM pIlA bhI ho jAtA hai| aba jaba ye yA isa prakAra ke aura aura pariNamana anubhava meM Ate haiM to phira guNoM ko sarvathA nitya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai arthAt guNa kathaMcit anitya bhI haiM / isa prakAra yadyapi guNa kathaMcit nityAnityAtmaka siddha hote haiM tathA jo kArya-kAraNa meM sarvathA bheda mAnate hai ve guNoM ko sarvathA nitya aura paryAyoM ko sarvathA anitya mAnane kI sUcanA karate haiM, para unakI yaha sUcanA isalie ThIka nahIM hai ki tattvataH vicAra karane para dravya, guNa aura paryAya sarvathA pRthak-pRthak siddha nahIM hote, kintu jaina paramparA meM ina sabameM kathaMcit bheda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, isalie jaise dravya nityAnitya prApta hotA hai vaise guNa bhI kathaMcit nityAnitya siddha hote haiM / yadyapi dravya se guNa aura paryAya meM sarvathA bheda nahIM hai tathApi bhedavAdI inameM bheda mAnakara aisI AzaMkA karate haiM ki guNa aura paryAya se pathaka hone ke kAraNa dravya bhale hI nityAnitya rahI Ave para isase gaNa nityAnitya nahIM prApta hote, kintu guNoM se sarvathA nitya aura paryAyoM ko sarvathA anitya mAna lenA cAhie ? para vicAra karane para yaha AzaMkA bhI ThIka pratIta nahIM hotI, kyoMki jaina paramparA meM guNa aura paryAyoM se dravya ko sarvathA pRthak ko hI dravya mAnA hai / dravya nAma kI koI bhI vastu guNa aura paryAyoM se nahIM mAnA hai, kintu samuccaya rUpa se guNa aura paryAyoM pRthak nahIM pAI jAtI, isalie dravya ke nityAnitya siddha hone para usase abhinna guNa bhI kathaMcit nityAnitya siddha hote haiM / yadyapi sthiti aisI hai, tathApi naiyAyika aura vaizeSika kucha guNoM ko sarvathA nitya aura kucha guNoM kI sarvathA anitya mAnate haiM / unake mata se kAraNa dravya ke guNa sarvathA nitya hai aura kArya dravya ke guNa anitya haiM / apane isa mata kI puSTi meM unakA kahanA hai ki kacce ghar3e ko agni meM pakAne para usake pahale ke guNa naSTa hokara naye guNa utpanna hote haiM / vaizeSika to usase eka kadama Age bar3hakara yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki agni meM ghar3e ke pakAne para agni kI jvAlAoM ke kAraNa avayavoM ke saMyoga kA nAza ho jAne para asamavAyI karaNa ke nAza se zyAma ghaTa naSTa ho jAtA hai, phira paramANuoM meM rakta rUpa kI utpatti hokara vyaNuka Adi ke krama se lAla ghar3e kI utpatti hotI haiM / para vicAra karane para unakA mata kathana samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki ghar3e kI kaccI avasthA badalakara pakI avasthA ke utpanna hote samaya yadi ghar3e ke miTTIpane kA nAza mAnA gayA hotA to kathaMcit ukta kathana ghaTita hotA, kintu jaba pAka avasthA meM miTTI kA nAza nahIM hotA hai taba miTTI meM rahane vAle guNoM kA nAza to bana hI nahIM sakatA hai, kyoMki kisI vastu kA apane guNoM ko chor3akara aura dUsarA koI astitva nahIM hai| isalie guNa kathaMcit nityAnitya hai yahI siddha hotA hai| isa para phira bhI bhedavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki dravya ke pradeza bhinna haiM aura unameM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAle guNa bhinna haiM, isalie dravya meM jaise utpAdAdika tIna ghaTita to jAte haiM, vaise ve guNoM meM ghaTita nahIM hote haiM / para isa vyavasthA ke mAnane para do ApattiyA~ AtI haiM prathama to aisA mAnane se guNoM meM kSaNikatA kA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki sarvathA bhinna do vastuoM ke saMyoga ko sarvathA nitya mAnane meM virodha AtA hai| yadi kahA jAe ki isa

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95 jainadarzana meM dravya-guNa-paryAya bhedAbhedavAda kI avadhAraNA prakAra yadi guNoM meM kSaNikatA AtI hai to rahI Ave isameM kyA Apatti hai / para vicAra karane para yaha kathana ucita pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki pratyabhijJAna pramANa se isa kathana meM virodha AtA hai| pratyabhijJAna pramANa se kAlAntarAvasthAyI rUpa se hI guNoM kI pratIti hotI hai, ataH guNa kSaNika hote haiM yaha bAta anubhava se pare hai| tathA dUsarI Apatti yaha AtI hai ki yadi guNoM ko dravya se bhinna mAnA jAe to phira eka sAtha eka vastu meM aneka guNa nahIM prApta ho sakate haiM / kintu hama dekhate haiM ki Aga meM eka sAtha rUpa Adi aneka guNa pAye jAte haiM, ataH ukta doSa na prApta hoM, isalie guNoM ko dravya se kathaMcit abhinna mAnakara dravya ke samAna guNoM meM bhI utpAdAdika tIna ghaTita kara hone cAhie / ___paM0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya ne apane pustaka jainadarzana ke pR0144 meM likhA hai ki pratyeka dravya sAmAnyatayA yadyapi akhaNDa hai, parantu vaha aneka sahabhAvI guNoM kA bhinna AdhAra hotA hai / ataH usameM guNakRta vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka pudgala paramANu yugapat rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi aneka guNoM kA AdhAra hotA hai| pratyeka guNa kA bhI pratisamaya pariNamana hotA hai / guNa aura dravya kA kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha hai / dravya se guNa pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie vaha abhinna hai aura saMjJA, saMkhyA prayojana Adi ke bheda se usakA vibhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, ataH vaha bhinna hai / isa dRSTi se dravya meM jitane guNa haiM, utane utpAda aura vyaya pratisamaya hote haiM / hara guNa apanI pUrva paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai, para ve saba haiM apRthaksattAka hI, unakI dravya sattA eka hai / bArIkI se dekhA jAe to paryAya aura guNa ko chor3akara dravya kA koI pRthak astitva nahIM hai, arthAt guNa aura paryAya hI dravya haiM aura paryAyoM meM parivartana hone para bhI jo eka avicchinnatA kA niyAmaka aMza hai, vahI to guNa hai / hA~ guNa apanI paryAyoM meM sAmAnya ekarUpatA ke prayojana hote haiM / jisa samaya pudgalANu meM rUpa apanI kisI naI paryAya ko letA hai, usI samaya rasa, gaMdha aura sparza Adi bhI badalate haiM / isa taraha pratyeka dravya meM guNakRta aneka utpAda aura vyaya hote haiM / ye saba usa guNa kI sampatti yA svarUpa hai| paMcAstikAya meM likhA hai - samavattI samavAo apudhabbhUdo ya ajuda siddho ya / tamhA davvaguNANaM ajudA, siddhatti NihiTo // 50 // dravya aura guNa eka astitva se racita haiM, isalie unakI jo anAdi anaMta sahavRtti (eka sAtha rahanA) vaha vAstava meM samavartIpana hai, vahI yutasiddhi ke kAraNabhUta astitvAMtara kA abhAva hone se ayutasiddhatA hai, isalie samavartitvasvarUpa samaya vAle dravya aura guNoM ko ayutasiddha hI hai, pRthaktA nahIM hai| jaina mata meM samavAya usI ko kahate haiM jo eka sAtha rahate hoM arthAt jo kisI apekSA eka rUpa se anAdikAla se tAdAtmya sambandha yA na chUTane vAlA sambandha rakhate hoM aisA sAtha vartana guNa aura guNI kA hotA hai| isase dUsarA koI anya se kalpita samavAya nahIM hai / yadyapi guNa aura guNI meM saMjJA, lakSaNa prayojanAdi kI apekSA bheda hai, tathApi pradezoM kA bheda nahIM hai, isameM se abhinna haiM tathA jaise daNDa aura

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96 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA daNDI puruSa kA bhinna-bhinna pradezapana rUpa bheda hai, tathA ve donoM mila jAte haiM aisA bheda guNa aura guNI meM nahIM hai, isameM unake ayuta siddhapanA yA ekapanA kahA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa dravya aura guNoM kA abhinnapanA sadA se siddha hai| ___ artha anekadharmAtmaka hai / usakA akhaNDarUpa se grahaNa karanA kadAcit saMbhava hai, para kathana yA vyavahAra to usake kisI khAza rUpa dharma se hI hotA hai| isI vyavahArArtha bheda rUpa se vivakSita dharma ko guNa kahate haiM / guNa dravya kA hI pariNamana hai, vaha svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai / cUMki guNa padArtha ke dharma haiM, ataH ye svayaM nirguNa-guNa-zUnya hote haiM / yadi guNa svataMtra padArtha mAnA jAye aura vaha bhI dravya se sarvathA bhinna, to amuka guNa jJAna amuka guNI AtmA se hI rahatA hai pRthivyAdi meM nahIM isakA niyAmaka kauna hogA / isakA niyAmaka to yahI hai ki jJAna kA AtmA se hI kathaMcittAdAmya hai, ataH vaha AtmA meM hI rahatA hai pRthivyAdi meM nahIM / vaizeSika mata meM eka gandha, do rUpa Adi prayoga nahIM ho sakeMge; kyoMki gandha, rUpa tathA saMkhyA Adi sabhI guNa haiM aura guNa svayaM nirguNa hote haiN| yadi AzrayabhUta dravya kI saMkhyA kA ekArtha samavAya sambandha ke kAraNa rUpAdi meM upacAra karake 'eka gandha' isa prayoga kA nirvAha kiyA jAegA to eka dravya meM rUpAdi bahuta guNa haiM, yaha prayoga asaMbhava ho jAyegA; kyoMki rUpAdi bahuta guNoM ke AzrayabhUta dravya meM to ekatva saMkhyA hai, bahutva saMkhyA nahIM / ataH guNa ko svataMtra padArtha na mAnakara dravya kA hI dharma mAnanA cAhie / dharma apane AzrayabhUta dharmI kI apekSA se dharma hone para bhI apane meM rahane vAle anya dharmoM kI apekSA se dharmI bhI ho jAtA hai| jaise rUpaguNa AzrayabhUta ghaTa kI apekSA se yadyapi dharma hai para apane meM pAye jAne vAle ekatva, prameyatva Adi dharmoM kI apekSA dharmI hai| ataH jaina siddhAnta meM dharmarmirbhAva ke aniyata hone ke kAraNa eka gandha do rUpa Adi prayoga bar3I AsAnI se bana jAte haiN| vaizeSika darzana meM dravya se samavAya ko pRthak mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM samavAya to dravya kI guNAdi paryAya hai| yadi guNAdi ko dravya se bhinna mAneMge to dravya meM adravyatva kA prasaMga AyegA, kyoMki guNoM ko chor3akara dravya nahIM rahatA hai| jainadarzana meM vastu ko anekAntAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| vahA~ na to sarvathA bhedavAda kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai na hI abhedavAda kA balki kathaMcit bhedAbheda vAda ko mAnA gayA hai, ataH dravya, guNa, paryAya meM vaha siddha hai|

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sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya rAjakumArI jaina ___ hameM jagat ke vibhinna padArtha nirantara parivartanazIla svarUpa meM jJAta hote haiM / hama dekhate haiM ki jo Ama pahale harA aura khaTTA hotA hai, vahI Ama kucha dina pazcAt paka kara pIlA aura mIThA ho jAtA hai, vahI Ama aura eka do dina pazcAt sar3a jAtA hai, usakA pIlA raMga kAle raMga meM tathA mIThA svAda kar3ave svAda meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| hamArA yaha anubhava eka hI vastu ke prati 'yaha vahI hai tathA 'yaha vaha nahIM hai' rUpa paraspara virodhI pratItiyoM ko samAhita kiye hue hai tathA yaha usa vastu ke parivartanazIla aura sthAyI svarUpa kI ora saMketa kara rahA hai| anubhava dvArA jJAta ho rahA padArthoM kA yaha sapratipakSI vizeSatAoM se yukta svarUpa dArzanikoM ke liye prAcIna kAla se hI gambhIra samasyA rahI hai / darzana ke itihAsa ke prArambha se hI bhAratIya aura yUnAnI sabhI dArzanika ina praznoM se jUjhate rahe haiM ki parivartana kA kyA svarUpa hai, parivartana kI prakriyA ke AdhAra rUpa meM koI eka sthAyI sattA vidyamAna hai athavA nahIM, yadi hai to vaha sthAyI sattA svayaM parivartanazIla hai athavA nahIM, yadi vaha svayaM parivartanazIla hai to phira vaha 'eka sthAyI sattA' kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai, yahi vaha svayaM parivartana rahita hai to phira parivartana kisakA ho rahA hai, tathA parivartana se usa sthAyI sattA kA kyA sambandha hai ? yadi parivartana kI prakriyA ke AdhAra rUpa meM koI sthAyI tattva vidyamAna nahIM hai to parivartana ko eka 'prakriyA' kisa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai, aise aneka praznoM ke samAdhAna ke prayAsa ke rUpa meM jaina dArzanika apanI dravya kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karate haiN| unake anusAra jagat ke pratyeka padArtha kI apanI svatantra sattA hai| isalie jo bhI astitvavAn hai, vaha dravya hai tathA vaha utpAdavyayadhrauvya yukta tathA guNa paryAyoM kA Azraya hai|' dravya zabda 'du' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai dravita honA, gamana karanA / isa mUla dhAtu se vyutpatti ke anusAra dravya ko paribhASita karate hue kundakundAcArya kahate haiM ki jo una-una sadbhAva paryAyoM ko dravita hotA hai, gamana karatA hai, use dravya kahate haiM tathA yaha sattA se abhinna hai| jainendra vyAkaraNakAra kahate haiM "dravya bhavye" arthAt jo nirantara naye svarUpa meM banane, svarUpa lAbha karane kI yogyatA se sampanna ho, nirantara bhavana zIla ho vaha dravya hai| isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra dravya eka aisI dhruva sattA

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98 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA hai, jo nirantara dravaNazIla, pariNamanazIla, parivartanazIla hai| vaha sAmAnya rUpa se sadaiva vahI rahate hue pratikSaNa pUrvavartI vizeSa svarUpa kA parityAga kara uttaravartI vizeSa svarUpa ko prApta karane kI prakriyA meM vidyamAna zAzvata sattA hai aura isalie sadaiva utpAdavyayadhrauvya svarUpa hai| jo nahIM hai, usakI utpatti utpAda, jo hai usakA abhAva vyaya aura niraMtara avasthiti dhrauvya kahalAtA hai / dravya ke samaya vizeSa meM vidyamAna utpatti vinAzavAna vizeSa svarUpa ko paryAya tathA niraMtara nayI paryAya kI prApti rUpa se ghaTita ho rahI parivartana kI prakriyA ke AdhAra rUpa meM vidyamAna anvayI (sadaiva vahI rahane vAle) aura pariNamanazIla sAmAnya svarUpa ko dravya kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra dravya kAla krama se nirantara nayI paryAya rUpa se pariNamita ho rahA zAzvata tattva hai aura paryAya usa zAzvata tattva kA samaya vizeSa meM vidyamAna viziSTa svarUpa hai| dravya kA vizeSa paryAyoM rUpa se pariNamana kAraNAtmaka niyamoM ke anusAra hotA hai / ise spaSTa karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM, "jo sva pratyaya (upAdAna yogyatA) aura pratyaya (nimitta kAraNa) ke sadbhAvAnusAra utpattivinAzavAna paryAyoM ko prApta hotA hai, paryAyoM se prApta hotA hai, use dravya kahA jAtA hai|"6 isakI vyAkhyA karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra ur3ada apanI sIjha sakane kI upAdAna yogyatA tathA unheM kholate hue pAnI meM dera taka DAle jAne rUpa bAhya paristhitiyoM ke sadbhAva pUrvaka hI apane 'kacce ur3ada' rUpa pUrvavartI avasthA kA parityAga kara 'sIjhe hue ur3ada' rUpa uttaravartI avasthA ko prApta kara sakate haiM, yadi unameM sIjhane kI upAdAna yogyatA kA abhAva ho athavA unheM khaulate hue pAnI meM dera taka DAle jAne rUpa bAhya kAraNa kI prApti nahIM ho to kacce ur3ada kabhI sIjhe hue ur3ada rUpa paryAya ko prApta nahIM kara sakate / isI prakAra dravya kA samaya vizeSa meM eka vizeSa paryAya rUpa se pariNamana usakI upAdAna yogyatA aura nimitta kAraNoM ke sadbhAvAnusAra hotA hai / dravya kI pratisamaya eka vizeSa paryAya rUpa se utpatti kI upAdAna yogyatA dravya kA guNaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa hai / usake isa svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM, "dravya guNaparyAyavAna hotA hai| ye vijJAnAdi guNa aura paryAya dravya meM sahavartI aura kramavartI rUpa se vidyamAna haiM / ye zakti-vyakti svarUpa haiM tathA inameM rasAdi ke samAna bhedAbheda sambandha hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue vAdirAja kahate haiM "dravya kI sahavartI (dravya meM sadaiva yugavat vidyamAna) vizeSatAe~, yathA-AtmA meM yugapat vidyamAna jJAnadarzana sukha vIryAdi tathA pudgala meM yugapat vidyamAna rUpa rasagandhasparzAdi guNa haiM / AtmA meM kramavartI rUpa se vidyamAna harSa, viSAda Adi athavA pudgala meM kramavartI rUpa se vidyamAna koza, kuzUla Adi vizeSatAe~ paryAya haiN| 'ye vijJAnAdi guNa paryAya zakti-vyakti svarUpa haiM ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM, "jo vyaMjita hotA hai, abhivyakta hotA hai, vaha vyakti hai / guNoM kA vartamAnakAlIna vyakta svarUpa hI vyakti hai| kAryotpAdana kI sAmarthya ko zakti kahA jAtA hai|"8 vAdideva kahate haiM ki vartamAna samaya meM ghaTajJAnAdi rUpa se jJAna paryAya kI yogyatA ko jJAna kA zakti rUpa kahA jAtA hai / guNa dravya kI anivArya vizeSatAe~ haiM / ye dravya ko guNatI haiM arthAt vizeSita karatI haiM, use anya dravyoM se pRthak eka nizcita viziSTa svarUpa pradAna karatI haiN| ye dravya kA aisA zAzvat aura sAmAnya

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99 sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya svarUpa haiM, jisameM ananta vizeSa svarUpoM meM abhivyakta hone kI sAmarthya tathA kAraNAtmaka niyamoM ke anusAra sadaiva kisI vizeSa svarUpa ko prApta karane kI pravRtti vidyamAna hai / apanI isa sAmarthya aura pravRtti ke kAraNa guNa sAmAnya rUpa se sadaiva vahI rahate hue eka vizeSa svarUpa se naSTa hokara, dUsare vizeSa svarUpa se utpanna hote hue pratikSaNa utpAdavyayadhrauvya svarUpa hai / 11 guNa ke hI samaya vizeSa meM vidyamAna vyakti svarUpa paryAya kahA jAtA hai tathA vizeSa paryAya rUpa se utpattivinAzavAna hote hue bhI sAmAnya rUpa se utpattivinAzarahita hone ke kAraNa ye dravya kA pariNAmI nitya svarUpa haiM / udAharaNa ke lie Ama paryAya meM avasthita raMgagandharasasparzamaya pudgala dravya kA raMga guNa raMgatva sAmAnya rUpa se nirantara vidyamAna rahatA huA harita raMga rUpa pUrvavartI paryAya rUpa se naSTa hokara, pIta raMga rUpa uttaravartI paryAya ko prApta karatA hai, kucha samaya pazcAt vahI raMgatva sAmAnya pIta rUpatA kA parityAga kara kRSNarUpatA ko prApta karatA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tIna alaga-alaga ghaTanAeM na hokara dravya kA eka hI samaya meM vidyamAna svarUpa haiN| 'pIta raMga' rUpa navIna paryAya kI utpatti hI 'harita raMga' rUpa pUrvavartI paryAya kA vinAza hai, tathA yahI ina donoM paryAyoM ke AdhAra rUpa meM nirantara avasthita raMgatva sAmAnya kI dhruvatA hai / pudgala dravya ke raMga guNa ke samAna hI eka dravya ke samasta guNa sadaiva sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka aura utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka svarUpa se yukta hote haiN| guNa kA svarUpa sAmAnya aura vizeSa, utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya, zakti aura vyakti, anvaya aura vyatireka rUpa sapratipakSI dharmoM se yukta hai / ina sapratipakSI dharmoM meM tAtvika rUpa se abheda hone para bhI svabhAvagata antara hai| isalie inakA pRthak-pRthak jJAna karAne ke uddezya se unameM zAbdika aura lAkSaNika dRSTi se bheda kiyA jAtA hai / guNa ke hI sAmAnya, zaktimaya, dhruva aura anvayI svarUpa ko guNa tathA usake vizeSa vyakta, utpattivinAzavAna aura vyatirekI svarUpa ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai / isa bhedAtmaka artha meM guNa aura paryAya zabdoM kA prayoga karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM "anekAntAtmaka vastu ke anvayI vizeSa guNa aura vyatirekI vizeSa paryAya kahalAte haiN| ... sattA nityAnitya svabhAvI hone ke kAraNa utpAdavyayadhrauvya svarUpa hai / guNa usakA dhruva svarUpa tathA paryAyeM usakA utpAdavyayAtmaka svarUpa haiM / yaha pUrva paryAya se vinAza ko prApta hotI huI uttara paryAya rUpa se utpAda ko prApta hotI huI tathA guNa rUpa se dhruva hotI huI sadaiva utpAdavyayadhrauvya svarUpa hai / 12 dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda hote hue bhI tAtvika rUpa se abheda hai / ye tIna pRthak-pRthak sattAyeM nahIM haiM / isake viparIta guNaparyAyAtmaka dravya eka sattA haiM / amRtacandrAcArya kahate haiM, "yaha astitva, jo ki dravya kA svabhAva hai, jisa prakAra pratyeka dravya meM parisamApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra dravya, guNa aura paryAya pratyeka meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se parisamApta nahIM hote, kyoMki inakI siddhi paraspara hotI hai| (dravya kI siddhi guNa aura paryAyoM se, guNa kI siddhi dravya aura paryAya se tathA paryAya kI siddhi dravya aura guNa se hotI hai / ) isalie ye eka sattA haiM / 13 dravya aura guNa meM bhedAbheda sambandha eka dravya aneka guNAtmaka sattA hai / guNa dravya kI AtmA haiM, svabhAva haiM tathA dravya apane guNoM

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100 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| lekina yaha paraspara nirapekSa aneka guNoM kA samUha mAtra yA unase bhinna unakA Azraya mAtra na hokara, unameM vyApta eka akhaNDa sattA hai / vastutaH eka dravya ke nAma, lakSaNa, prayojanAdi kI apekSA paraspara bhinna-bhinna aneka svabhAva guNa haiM, tathA ye aneka guNa hI paraspara tAdAtmya (tAdAtmya tat+Atmya) sambandha meM sambandhita hone ke kAraNa eka dUsare kI AtmA yA svabhAva hote hue15 eka dravyarUpatA ko prApta kara rahe haiM / 15 aneka guNoM ke hI paraspara eka dUsare kA svarUpa hote hue eka dravya hone tathA dravya aura guNa ke eka sattA hone ke kAraNa ve anyonyavRtti svarUpa haiM arthAt eka dUsare meM rahate haiM / 16 eka dravya apane samasta guNoM meM tathA eka guNa apane AzrayabhUta sampUrNa dravya meM arthAt dravya ke samasta guNoM meM rahatA hai / isa prakAra dravya aura guNa do pRthak-pRthak sattA na hokara eka vastu haiM / kundakundAcArya kahate haiM, "dravya ke binA guNa nahIM hote tathA guNa ke binA dravya nahIM hotaa| isalie dravya aura guNa paraspara abhinna hai / "17 ise spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM, "rUparasagandhasparza hI pudgala paramANu kahalAte haiM / ye rUparasAdi apane vizeSa svarUpa meM paraspara bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI dravya rUpa se abhinna hai / "18 isI prakAra, "jIva meM nibaddha jJAna darzana bhI paraspara abhinna haiM / inheM bhASA dvArA hI alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, svabhAvataH nhiiN|"19 ina padoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue amRtacandrAcArya kahate haiM "jisa prakAra pudgala se pRthak rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza nahIM hote, usI prakAra guNoM se pRthak dravya nahIM hotA / isa prakAra dravya aura guNa meM AdezavazAt kathaMcit bheda haiM tathApi ye eka astitva meM niyata hone ke kAraNa anyonyavRtti nahIM chor3ate, isalie inameM vastu rUpa se abheda bhI haiM / "16 dravya aura guNa meM saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa aura prayojana kI apekSA bheda hotA hai / dravya eka hotA hai, jabaki guNa aneka hote haiM, dravya kA nAma. yathA-padagala bhinna hotA hai tathA gaNoM kA nAma rUpa, rasa Adi bhinna hote haiM, inake lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / ina nAma, lakSaNAdi kI apekSA bheda hone para bhI dravya aura guNa meM tAtvika rUpa se abheda hai| dravya aura guNa meM bhedAbheda sambandha ko hama nimna dRSTAnta dvArA samajha sakate haiN| jisa prakAra raMga aura AkAra pudgala skaMdha ke aise do svabhAva haiM jo nAma, lakSaNAdi kI apekSA bhinna tathA tAtvika rUpa se abhinna haiM; raMga harA, nIlA, Adi rUpa tathA AkAra gola, caukora Adi rUpa hotA hai| raMga ke hare, nIle, Adi viziSTa svarUpa se usake AkAra kA tathA AkAra ke gola caukora Adi viziSTa svarUpa se skaMdha ke raMga kA harA, nIlA Adi viziSTa svarUpa nirdhArita nahIM hotA / isa svarUpa bheda aura isake kAraNa nAma, lakSaNAdi kI apekSA bheda hone para bhI raMga aura AkAra apRthak haiM tathA ye eka dUsare kA svarUpa hote hue raMga-AkAramaya eka sattA haiM / AkAra sadaiva kisI vizeSa raMgamaya hokara hI tathA raMga kisI vizeSa AkAra meM avasthita hokara hI vidyamAna hotA hai tathA raMga rahita AkAra tathA AkAra rahita raMga kI sattA kabhI nahIM hotI / raMga aura AkAra rUpa do bhinna-bhinna svabhAvoM ke raMga-AkAramaya eka abhinna sattA ke hI pratyeka vastu ke paraspara bhinna aneka sahavartI svabhAva-guNa hI paraspara eka dUsare kA svarUpa hote hue eka abhinna sattA-eka dravya haiM /

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sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya 101 sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ___ eka dravya kA aneka guNAtmaka sAmAnya svarUpa anAdi ananta aura kAraNAtmaka niyamoM se pare hai| yaha dravya kA svataH siddha svabhAva hai, jo apane zakti-vyaktimaya svarUpa ke kAraNa dravya kI samasta paryAyoM meM vyApta hokara, una paryAyoM kI eka dravyarUpatA ko sthApita kara rahA hai / sattA ke isa vizeSa paryAyoM rUpa se nirantara pariNamanazIla zAzvata aura sAmAnya svarUpa ko dravya yA urdhvatA sAmAnya bhI kahA jAtA hai / jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiM, dravya zabda kA vyutpatti lakSya artha hai - jo kAla krama se hone vAlI paryAyoM rUpa se dravita hotA hai, gamana karatA hai, vaha dravya hai| isa vyutpatti ke anusAra nirantara nayI paryAya rUpa se dravaNazIla, pariNamanazIla traikAlika vastu aMza ko dravya kahA jAtA hai / yaha una sabhI paryAyoM kA anvayI aura sAmAnya svarUpa hone ke kAraNa unakA UrdhvatA sAmAnya svarUpa bhI hai / 19 isa zAzvat, sAmAnya aura pariNamanazIla sattA ke kAlakrama se ho rahe paraspara vilakSaNa utpattivinAzavAna aneka pariNAma paryAya kahalAte haiM / 20 parivartana, pariNanama, pariNAma paryAya se saba paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| isa prakAra eka pariNAmI nitya sattA ke sAmAnya, dhruva, anvayI aura zaktimaya svarUpa ko dravya kahA jAtA hai tathA usake vizeSa, utpattivinAzavAna, vyatirekI aura vyakta svarUpa paryAya kahalAte haiM / dravya aura paryAya meM zAbdika aura lAkSaNika dRSTi se bheda hote hue bhI tAtvika rUpa se abheda hai| ye paraspara eka dUsare kI AtmA yA svabhAva hote hue eka dravyaparyAyAtmaka sattA haiM / aneka guNAtmaka dravya apane anantazaktisampanna, pariNamanazIla sAmAnya svabhAva ke kAraNa sadaiva vizeSa paryAya svarUpa hokara hI vidyamAna hotA hai tathA paryAya rahita dravya kI sattA kabhI nahIM hotii| sAtha hI dravya rahita paryAya kI sattA bhI nahIM hotI / eka paryAya paratantra hotI hai| kucha hotA hai, jo rUpAntarita hotA hai, pariNamita hotA hai / isalie eka paryAya kI utpatti dravya meM hI, 'dravya se hI hotI hai tathA dravya rahita paryAya kI sattA nahIM hotI / 29 eka dravya bhI sadaiva kisI vizeSa paryAya meM hI vizeSa paryAya rUpa se hI prApta hotA hai / isalie eka paryAya hI anivAryatA dravyAtmaka hotI hai / dravya zakti-rUpa, sambhAvyatA rUpa hotA hai tathA zakti apane Apa meM na rahakara zaktimAna vyakti meM hI rahatI hai / isalie eka samaya vizeSa meM vidyamAna sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vyakti hI vAstavika sattA hai / yaha apane sAmAnya svarUpa kI eka vizeSa abhivyaktieka paryAya mAtra nahIM hai, balki usakA aneka guNAtmaka sAmAnya svarUpa apanI samasta sambhAvanAoM aura pariNamanazIla pravRtti ke sAtha usa paryAya kA svarUpa hai / isalie vaha paryAya eka kSaNika vyakti mAtra na hokara uttaravartI paryAyoM rUpa se parivartana kI sAmarthya aura pravRttimaya dravya bhI hai| apane isI dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa vasta pratisamaya utpAdavyayadhrauvya svarUpa hai| vaha uttaravartI kSaNa meM dravya rUpa se vahI rahate hue pUrvaparyAya rUpa se naSTa hokara nayI paryAya rUpa se utpanna ho rahI hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka samaya vizeSa meM vidyamAna mRttikA kaNa apane mRtikAtva sAmAnya kI eka vizeSa abhivyakti hone ke sAtha hI sAtha uttaravartI paryAya rUpa se pariNamanazIla dravya bhI haiM / apane isa dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa ve mRttikAkaNa uttaravartI kSaNa meM jala kA saMyoga hone para apane mRttikAtva sAmAnya ko nahIM chor3ate hue kaNa se naSTa hokara piNDa rUpa se utpanna hote haiM / kAlAntara meM yaha piNDa paryAya viziSTa

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102 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA mRtikA dravya agni, daNDa, cakra, kumhAra Adi nimitta kAraNoM kI sahAyatA se piNDa rUpa se naSTa hokara kramazaH sthAsa, koza, kuzUla rUpa se parivartita hotA huA ghaTarUpatA ko prApta karatA hai / isa prakAra eka sthAyI mRtikA dravya apane parivartanazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa aneka kramavartI paryAyoM svarUpa hotA hai| ye kaNa, piNDAdi mRttikA dravya ke kAlakrama se ho rahe paraspara vilakSaNa utpattivinAzavAna aneka svabhAva haiM, jo paraspara sattAeM na hokara eka sthAyI mRttikA dravya-eka sattA haiM / miTTI ke kaNa, piNDAdi paryAyeM mRttikAmaya hI hai| mRtikAla sAmAnya svarUpa kI apekSA ye paryAyeM hI dhruva haiM, kyoMki isa svarUpa kI apekSA ye nirantara vidyamAna haiN| sAtha hI kaNa, piNDAdi paryAyoM kI apekSA 'miTTI hI utpatti vinAzavAna hai| vaha jisa samaya jisa paryAya meM avasthita hai, usI rUpa hai tathA usa rUpa se naSTa hokara hI navIna vizeSa svabhAva ko prApta karatI hai| jo miTTI kaNa rUpa se avasthita hai, usameM miTTI mAtra se samAna rUpa se pAyI jAne vAlI vizeSatAoM kA sadbhAva hone ke sAtha hI sAtha kaNa rUpa vizeSa svarUpa ke anurUpa sAmarthya bhI hai| jaise usameM apane meM boye gaye bIja ko havA, pAnI, dhUpa Adi kI sahAyatA se aMkurita karane kI sAmarthya hai, lekina jaba vahI miTTI kaNa rUpa se naSTa hokara ghaTarUpatA ko prApta kara letI hai to usakI yaha sAmarthya samApta ho jAtI hai tathA usameM jala dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya rUpa navIna kSamatA kI utpatti hotI hai| miTTI apane Apa meM mUla dravya na hokara aneka pudgala paramANuoM ke saMyoga se nirmita dIrghakAlika vyaJjana paryAya hai| jisa prakAra yaha kaNa, piNDAdi aneka kramavartI paryAyoM rUpa se bhavanazIla eka anvayI dravya hai; vaha una sabhI paryAyoM kA UrdhvatA sAmAnya svarUpa hai tathA kaNa, piNDAdi usa sAmAnya svarUpa ke kAlakrama se utpanna naSTa ho rahe aneka vilakSaNa svabhAva haiM: usI prakAra jIva. padagalAdi pratisamaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka, utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka sattA hai| sAmAnya svarUpa kI apekSA ve dhruva yA avinAzI haiM, kyoMki isa svarUpa kI apekSA na hI unakI kabhI utpatti huI hai aura na hI kabhI vinAza hogA tathA vizeSa svarUpa kI apekSA ve pratisamaya utpattivinAzavAna hai / 23 isa apekSA se unameM prati samaya pUrva svarUpa kA vyaya tathA navIna svarUpa kI utpatti ho rahI hai / (dravya kI eka samayavartI sUkSma paryAya ko artha paryAya kahA jAtA hai / ) eka utpattivinAza rahita sAmAnya svabhAvI dravya meM pratikSaNa ghaTita ho rahI isa utpattivinAza kI prakriyA ke kAraNa vaha zAzvata dravya ananta paryAyAtmaka sattA hai / bauddha mata : utpAda vyaya hI sattA kA svarUpa bauddha uparyukta siddhAnta kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki avinAzitA aura vinAzavAnatA paraspara virodhI dharma hone ke kAraNa eka hI sattA kA svarUpa nahIM ho sakate / jaina dArzanika dravya ko sAmAnya rUpa se avinAzI aura vizeSa rUpa se vinAzavAna kahate haiM, lekina jaba dravya aura paryAya ko anyonyAtmaka kahA jAtA hai to dravya se abhinna hone ke kAraNa dravya ke samAna hI paryAya bhI avinAzI hogI athavA paryAya ke vinAzavAna hone ke kAraNa usase abhinna dravya kI vinAzavAnatA bhI siddha hogii| isa prakAra dravya aura paryAya meM abheda hone para yA to vastu sampUrNataH vinAzavAna hI hogI yA avinazvara hI hogii| yadi inameM bheda svIkAra kiyA jAye to dravya aura paryAya eka sattA ke paraspara nirapekSa do aMza hoMge tathA paryAya mAtra utpAda vyaya svarUpa aura dravya mAtra dhruva hI hogaa| aisI sthiti meM vastu sampUrNataH utpAdavyaya

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103 sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya dhrauvya svarUpa nahIM ho skegii|24 isa prakAra jo kramavartI paryAyeM anyonyAbhAva rUpa haiM, unameM eka dravyarUpatA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka hI vastu bheda-abheda, eka-aneka Adi dvirUpatA se yukta nahIM ho sakatI / 25 vastutaH kSaNika padArtha kI hI sattA hai| jo bhI sat hai vaha mAtra eka kSaNasthAyI hai tathA agale kSaNa usakA anivAryatayA vinAza ho jAtA hai| yadi aisA na mAnakara padArtha ko aneka kSaNasthAyI yA zAzvata svIkAra kiyA jAye to prazna uThatA hai ki naSTa honA vastu kA svabhAva hai athavA nahIM ? yadi hai to agale kSaNa usakA vinAza avazyasambhAvI hai, yadi nahIM hai to phira use koI bhI naSTa nahIM kara sakatA / aisI sthiti meM vastu sadaiva avinAzI hI rahanI cAhie tathA usakA vinAza asambhava honA cAhie / 26 sattA nitya nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki sat vahI hotA hai, jo arthakriyAkArI arthAt kAryotpAdana kI sAmarthya se sampanna ho / kAryotpatti upAdAna kAraNa ke vinAza pUrvaka hotI hai| jaise bIja se aMkura kI utpatti bIja ke vinAza pUrvaka hotI hai / nitya padArtha kI sattA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha parivartana rahita hone ke kAraNa arthakriyAkArI nahIM ho sktaa| yaha sAmarthya kSaNika padArtha meM hI vidyamAna hai aura isalie kSaNika padArtha kI hI sattA hai / 28 pratyakSa dvArA hameM pUrNarUpeNa vilakSaNa kSaNika padArthoM kA hI jJAna hotA hai / svasaMvedana pratyakSa dvArA hama ghaTa jJAna, paTa jJAna Adi pratikSaNavartI tathA paraspara vilakSaNa jJAnoM ko hI jAnate haiM, tathA ina kSaNika jJAnoM meM vyApta eka anvayI AtmA dravya hameM kabhI jJAta nahIM hotA / indriya pratyakSa dvArA hameM jagata kI pratyeka vastu parivartanazIla svarUpa meM jJAta hotI hai tathA hameM kabhI kisI nitya sattA kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI / parivartana pUrNakSaNavartI padArtha ke vinAzapUrvaka uttarakSaNavartI padArtha kI utpatti hai / upAdAna kAraNa rUpa pUrvakSaNavartI padArtha ke vinAzapUrvaka uttarakSaNavartI padArtha kI utpatti hai / upAdAna kAraNa rUpa pUrvakSaNavatI padArtha aura kArya rUpa uttarakSaNavartI padArtha paraspara pUrNarUpeNa vilakSaNa aura svataMtra sattAe~ haiM, tathA kAraNa ke niranvaya vinAza parvaka kArya kI utpatti hotI hai| jisa prakAra tela kI bhinna baMda ke jalane se utpanna ho rahI dIpaka kI pratyeka lau nayI lau hai, nadI meM pratikSaNa nayA jala hai, usI prakAra kAraNakArya rUpa se sambandhita kSaNika padArthoM kI zrRMkhalA meM utpanna ho rahA pratyeka padArtha pUrNarUpeNa navIna aura svatantra sattA hai / ina kSaNika padArthoM meM sAdRzya ke kAraNa inheM eka anyavI dravya samajha liyA jAtA hai, jo anAdi vAsanA janita bhramamAtra hai / 29 jaina mata ___ jaina dArzanika bauddhoM kI ApattiyoM ko asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM, ki kevala mAtra virodha doSa kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para eka hI vastu meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa, vinAzavAna aura avinAzI dharmoM ke yugapat sadbhAva kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jJAna hI vastu vyavasthA kA niyAmaka hai / usake dvArA anugata vyAvRtta, parivartanazIla-sthAyI vastu hI jJAta hotI hai| hama dekhate haiM ki jo tantu pahale pRthakpRthak tantu rUpa avasthA meM vidyamAna the, ve hI tantu aba AtAnavitAna rUpa se saMyukta tantu-vastra rUpatA ko prApta kara rahe haiM / 'pRthak-pRthak tantu' tathA 'paraspara saMyukta tantu' rUpa do paraspara vilakSaNa aura utpattivinAzavAna paryAyoM ke pratyakSa pUrvaka ho rahA yaha pratyabhijJAna ye vahI tantu hai" una paryAyoM kI eka

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104 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA anvayI tantu dravyarUpatA ko siddha karatA hai / isI prakAra "jisakA maiMne pUrva meM pratyakSa kiyA thA, usI kA maiM aba smaraNa kara rahA hU~" rUpa anubhava aneka jJAna paryAyoM rUpa se pariNamanazIla eka anvayI Atmadravya ko siddha karatA hai / ___ aneka kramavartI paryAyoM ke eka dravyarUpatA ke jJAna kI bhramAtmakatA pUrNarUpeNa kSaNika padArtha ke jJAta hone para hI siddha ho sakatI hai| lekina kSaNika padArtha kI sattA ko siddha karane vAlA koI pramANa nahIM hai| pratyakSa dvArA sattA kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI siddhi tabhI sambhava hai, jabaki vaha madhya kSaNa meM padArtha ke sadbhAva ko jAnane ke sAtha hI sAtha pUrvApara kSaNoM meM usake abhAva ko bhI jAne / isake lie pratyakSa kA kama se kama tIna kSaNa sthAyI honA Avazyaka hai| lekina yadi pratyakSa svayaM aneka kSaNavartI eka jJAna hai to usake dvArA sattA mAtra kI kSaNikatA siddhi nahIM kI jA sakatI / 32 bauddha vinazvara svabhAvatA aura arthakriyAkAritva hetu ke AdhAra para sattA ke kSaNika svarUpa ko siddha karanA cAhate haiM, lekina ina hetuoM ke dvArA kSaNikavAda kI siddhi na hokara sattA ke pariNAmInitya svarUpa kI hI siddhi hotI hai| vinAzavAnatA kSaNika padArtha kA dharma na hokara, utpattimAna dhruva sattA kA hI svabhAva hotA hai / vinAza usI kA ho sakatA hai, jisakI pahale utpatti huI ho tathA utpanna vahI ho sakatA hai, jisakA utpanna honA svabhAva ho / ye utpatti aura vinAza donoM hI nirantara nayI paryAya rUpa se pariNamanazIla anantazakti sampanna dhruva sattA kA svabhAva haiM / jo vastu AkAza kusuma ke samAna pUrNatayA asat hai, usakI na to kabhI utpatti ho sakatI hai aura na hI usakA vinAza sambhava hai / vastutaH sattA kA svabhAva vinazvaratA na hokara sat svarUpatA yA sadbhAva hai aura usakA yaha sadbhAva utpAdavyaya dhrauvya svarUpa aura guNaparyAyAtmaka hai / 32 svabhAva anya nirapekSa, akAraNa aura utpattivinAza se rahita hotA hai| isalie utpAdAdi svabhAvamaya sattA anAdi ananta sattA hai / 34 bauddha pUrvakSaNavartI padArtha ke svataH aura niranvaya rUpa se vinAza pUrvaka uttara kSaNavartI padArtha kI utpatti svIkAra karate haiM / isa prakAra unake anusAra vinAza nirhetuka aura utpatti sahetuka hotI hai| jaina dArzanika isa mata ko asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM, ki utpatti aura vinAza do alaga-alaga ghaTanAeM na hokara eka samayavartI ghaTanA ke do abhinna svabhAva haiM / ataH donoM hI sva para hetuka hote haiM / pUrvavartI padArtha kA vinAza hI uttaravartI padArtha kI utpatti hai / ataH jo uttaravartI padArtha kI utpatti ke kAraNa haiM. ve hI parvavartI padArtha ke vinAza ke bhI kAraNa haiN| jaise kapAla kI utpatti hI ghaTa kA vinAza hai| ataH yadi miTTI ke ghaTa para mudgara ke prahAra se kapAla kI utpatti ho rahI hai to mudgara kA prahAra kapAla kI utpatti kA hI nahIM, ghaTa ke vinAza kA kAraNa bhI hai / vinAza zuddha nirvizeSa vinAza svarUpa nahIM hotA; vinaSTa vastu zUnyatA ko prApta nahIM hotI, balki vastu kA vinAza vizeSa svarUpamaya vinAza hai| ghar3e ko mudgara ke prahAra pUrvaka do Tukar3oM meM vibhAjita karate hue bhI naSTa ho sakatA hai; vaha bahuta bhArI vastu se dabAye jAne para cUrA-cUrA hote hue bhI naSTa ho sakatA hai aura Upara se girane para vaha choTe-choTe Tukar3e hote hue bhI naSTa ho sakatA hai / vastu kA yaha eka vizeSa prakAra se ho rahA vinAza hI usakI naye svarUpa meM utpatti hai / utpatti aura vinAza meM vidyamAna yaha abheda pUrvavartI padArtha ke niranvaya vinAza pUrvaka usase

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sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya 105 pUrNataH navIna padArtha kI utpatti siddha nahIM karatA, balki isake dvArA pUrvottara paryAyoM rUpa se pariNamanazIla eka anvayI dravya kI siddhi hotI hai / yaha anvayI dravya uttaravartI kSaNa meM pUrNarUpeNa vilakSaNa svarUpa se utpanna nahIM hotA, balki vaha apane sAmAnya rUpa se nirantara vidyamAna svarUpa kI nayI vizeSa paryAya ko prApta karatA hai / mRttikA ghaTa rUpa se naSTa ho rahI vastu mRttikA kapAla rUpa se utpanna hotI hai, jo mRttikAtva sAmAnya rUpa se sat tathA kapAla rUpa se asat paryAya kI utpatti hai / yadi sattA ko utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa svIkAra na karake pUrNarUpeNa kSaNika hI svIkAra kiyA jAya tathA usake niranvaya vinAza pUrvaka usase uttarakSaNavartI padArtha kI utpatti mAnI jAya to prazna uThatA hai ki eka pUrNarUpeNa kSaNika padArtha kI kAryotpatti ke samaya sattA nahIM hone ke kAraNa use arthakriyAkArI kisa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ? kAraNa vahI hotA hai, jisake hone para hI kArya kI utpatti ho tathA jisake abhAva meM kAryotpatti kabhI nahIM ho / eka kSaNika padArtha apane sadbhAva kAla meM kArya ko utpanna kara nahIM sakatA, kyoMki isa samaya vaha svayaM svarUpa lAbha kara rahA hai, yadi usI samaya usase kAryotpatti svIkAra kara lI jAye to sabhI kArya eka kSaNavartI ho jAyeMge tathA agale kSaNa zUnyatA kI prApti hogI; agale kSaNa meM bhI kSaNika padArtha dvArA kAryotpatti sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki usa samaya usakA niranvaya vinAza ho jAne se pUrNatayA abhAva hai| kAryotpatti kI sAmarthya eka vidyamAna padArtha meM hI hotI hai| jo padArtha kAryotpatti ke samaya vidyamAna nahIM hai, vaha kAryotpAdaka kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? yadi kahA jAya ki pUrvakSaNavartI padArtha ke niranvaya vinAzapUrvaka usase hI uttara kSaNa meM kAryotpatti hotI hai, to jaba asat kAraNa se anantaravartI kSaNa meM kAryotpatti ho sakatI hai to usase sudUravartI kSaNa meM bhI kAryotpatti ho jAnI cAhie, jaise ciravinaSTa pati se bhI vidhavA ko garbha kI prApta ho jAnI cAhie, kyoMki anantaravartI aura sudUravartI donoM hI kSaNoM meM kAraNa kA abhAva samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai / 26 vastuH kAryotpatti kI prakriyA zUnya meM ghaTita nahIM hotI, balki kAryotpatti ke samaya vidyamAna upAdAna kAraNa rUpa meM parivartita hotA hai| isalie pUrva paryAya yukta dravya kA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai, jo apanI upAdAna yogyatA aura nimitta kAraNoM ke sadbhAvAnusAra dravya rUpa se vahI rahate hue pUrva paryAya rUpa se naSTa hokara uttara paryAya rUpa se utpanna hotA hai / 27 paryAya zakti viziSTa dravyazakti ko dravya kI upAdAna yogyatA kahA jAtA hai| eka dravya meM apane sAmAnya svarUpa ke ananta vizeSa svarUpoM meM abhivyakti kI zAzvata sAmarthya vidyamAna hai, jise dravya zakti kahA jAtA hai / isa dravya zakti ke dravya meM sadaiva vidyamAna hone para bhI dravya kisI bhI samaya kisI bhI paryAya ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isake viparIta avyavahita uttara kSaNa meM dravya meM pariNamana kI sambhAvanAeM usake pUrvavartI paryAya ke viziSTa svarUpa ke anusAra nirdhArita hotI haiM / ina sambhAvanAoM meM se jisa paryAya kI prApti ke lie anivArya vibhinna kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai, dravya usa paryAya rUpa meM pariNamita ho jAtA hai / 38 udAharaNa ke lie mRttikA kaNa meM avasthita pudgala dravya meM apane rUparasagandhasparzamaya sAmAnya svarUpa kI samasta viziSTa abhivyaktiyoM ko prApta karane kI dravyazakti vidyamAna hai| isa zAzvata dravya zakti se sampanna hone para bhI vaha dravya apane vartamAna kAlIna mRttikA kaNa rUpa vizeSa svarUpa ke kAraNa avyavahita

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106 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA uttara kSaNa meM kucha vizeSa paryAyoM rUpa se hI pariNamana kI yogyatA rakhatA hai| yadi usakA jala se saMyoga ho jAye to vaha piNDa rUpatA ko prApta kara legA, yadi usakA agni se saMyoga ho jAye to usakA pIlApana lAla yA kAle raMga meM rUpAntarita ho jAyegA; usakI komalatA kaThoratA meM badala jAyegI / ina sImita sambhAvanAoM meM se jisa viziSTa svarUpa kI prApti ke lie anivArya nimitta kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai, dravya uttaravartI kSaNa meM apanI pUrvavartI paryAya kA parityAga kara, usa vizeSa paryAya rUpa se rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| eka vastu mAtra dravya yA mAtra paryAya na hokara dravyaparyAyAtmaka sattA hai| dravya kI pratyeka paryAya dravya hI hotI hai aura isalie vaha apanI pratyeka paryAya meM apane sAmAnya svarUpa kI samasta viziSTa abhivyaktiyoM ko prApta karane kI sAmarthya se paripUrNa hai / lekina dravya kI vizeSa paryAya rUpa se pariNamana kI sAmarthya, usakI dravyarUpatA ke kAraNa na hokara, usake paryAyAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa hai| dravya apanI ananta sambhAvanAoM meM se kisa paryAya ko kaba aura kisa prakAra prApta kara sakatA hai, yaha usakI vartamAnakAlIna paryAya ke viziSTa svarUpa dvArA nirdhArita hotA hai / mRttikA kaNa rUpa se avasthita pudgala dravya meM ghaTa rUpatA ko prApta karane kI sAmarthya hai, lekina isa sAmarthya kI abhivyakti avyavahita uttara kSaNa meM na hokara, nimitta kAraNoM ke sadbhAva pUrvaka unameM piNDa, sthAsa, koza, kuzUlAdi paryAyoM rUpa meM ghaTita hone vAlI parivartana kI laghu prakriyA dvArA hI sambhava hai| mRttikA kaNoM meM miTTI ke aneka paryAyoM ko prApta karane kI sAmarthya hI nahIM hai, balki ye pudgala dravya kI samasta paryAyoM kI sambhAvyatA svarUpa bhI haiM / ve khanija tela bana sakate haiM, jala bana sakate haiM, svarNAbhUSaNa bana sakate haiM, lekina unakA ina rUpoM meM parivartana avyavahita uttara kSaNa meM sambhava na hokara, nimitta kAraNoM ke sadbhAva meM ghaTita hone vAlI parivartana kI dIrgha kAlika prakriyA dvArA hI sambhava hai| kisI bhI vizeSa paryAya ko prApta karane kI zAzvata sAmarthya se paripUrNa hai / lekina paryAya meM vidyamAna pudgala dravya nikaTavartI yA sudUravartI kisI bhI kSaNa meM apane rUparasagandhasparzamaya sAmAnya svarUpa kI kisI bhI vizeSa paryAya ko prApta karane kI zAzvata sAmarthya se paripUrNa hai| lekina pudgala dravya meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIryamaya cetana svarUpa kI prApti kI kSamatA kA atyantAbhAva hone ke kAraNa pudgala dravya kabhI bhI jIva dravya rUpa se pariNamita nahIM ho sakatA / dravya kA sadaiva kisI na kisI paryAya rUpa se pariNamita hote rahanA anivArya svabhAva hote hue bhI usakA eka vizeSa paryAya rUpa se pariNamana eka Akasmika ghaTanA hai / dravya kI vartamAna kAlIna paryAya ke anitya hone tathA usake uttaravartI paryAya rUpa se pariNamana nimitta kAraNoM ke sadbhAvanusAra hone ke kAraNa dravya kA vizeSa paryAyoM rUpa se pariNamana aniyata yA anavasthita hotA hai / 39 yadi mRttikA kaNoM kA jala saMyoga ho to hI ve piNDa rUpatA ko prApta kara sakate haiM tathA unameM parivartana kI laghu prakriyA dvArA ghaTa rUpatA kI prApti kI sambhAvanA hotI hai, lekina yadi ve agni meM tapa jAyeM to unakI yaha sambhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai tathA ve parivartana kI dIrgha prakriyA dvArA hI ghaTa rUpatA ko prApta kara sakate haiN| yadi mRttikA kaNa piNDa rUpa meM parivartita ho jAte haiM to usa paryAya meM avyasthita hone para

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sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya 107 unakI paryAya zakti kA svarUpa badala jAtA hai| inameM isa paryAya ke anurUpa avyavahita uttara kSaNa meM tathA tadanusAra paravartI kSaNoM meM parivartana kI sambhAvanAeM badala jAtI haiM; unameM se jisa paryAya ke anukUla nimitta kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai| mRttikApiNDa usa paryAya rUpa se rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| yadi isa stara para use sthAsa rUpatA kI prApti hetu anivArya nimitta kAraNoM kA saMyoga prApta ho, taba hI vaha sthAsa rUpatA ko prApta karate hue ghaTa paryAya kI ora agrasara ho sakatA hai, lekina yadi aisA na hokara vaha kisI anya paryAya ko prApta karatA hai to usakI parivartana kI dizAeM badala jAtI haiM / isa prakAra eka dravya kI dravyazakti ke nitya aura kAraNa nirapekSa hone ke kAraNa usakA dravyAtmaka svarUpa bhI nitya aura avasthita hai, lekina usakI paryAya zakti ke anitya aura kAraNa sApekSa hone ke kAraNa usakI paryAyeM aniyata yA anavasthita haiN| isa prakAra dravya ke vizeSa paryAyoM rUpa se pariNamana meM niyativAda kA abhAva hai| pudgala dravya kA pariNamana kAraNAtmaka niyamoM ke anusAra anivAryatayA hone vAlA pariNamana hai| paryAyazakti viziSTa dravya zakti tathA eka vizeSa paryAya rUpa se pariNamana ke lie anivArya nimitta kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hone para pudgala dravya anivAryatayA usa vizeSa paryAya rUpa se rUpAntarita hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie mRttikA ghaTa meM mudgara kA prahAra hone para TUTane kI upAdAna yogyatA hone tathA mudgara ke prahAra rUpa nimitta kAraNa kI prApti hone para ghaTa anivAryatayA TUTatA hai / pudgala dravya ke viparIta upAdAna nimitta kAraNoM ke sadbhAvAnusAra parivartana kI anivAryatA jIva ke svabhAva meM nahIM hai / jIva eka cetana dravya hai / jJAnadarzanopayoga rUpa hone ke kAraNa sadaiva kisI na kisI padArtha kI ora unmukha honA, use viSaya banAnA tathA use jAnane ke lie pravRtta honA jIva kA svabhAva hai / isa upayogAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa jIva ke pariNamana meM svatantratA vidyamAna hai / nizcita rUpa se jIva kA parivartana bhI sva para pratyaya hetu hotA hai, lekina upAdAna yogyatA aura nimitta kAraNoM kA sadbhAva jIva ke pariNamana kA paryApta kAraNa na hokara mAtra anivArya kAraNa hai / ina kAraNoM ke sadbhAvAnusAra jIva ke pariNamana kI sambhAvanAeM sImita ho jAtI haiM / ina sImita sambhAvanAoM meM se jIva cayanapUrvaka jisa paryAya kI prApti hetu pravRtta hotA hai, usa rUpa meM pariNamita hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie jisa jIva ne manuSya paryAya prApta kI hai, jo ATha varSa se adhika Ayu kA ho cukA hai, usameM prathamopazama samyaktva kI upAdAna yogyatA vidyamAna hone tathA guru ke upadeza rUpa nimitta kAraNa kA sadbhAva hone para bhI vaha samyag darzana rUpa paryAya ko anivAryatayA prApta nahIM karatA / ina anivArya kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hone para bhI yadi vaha apanI cetanA ko tattva ciMtana para kendrita karatA hai, to hI use samyagdarzana kI prApti ho sakatI hai, lekina yadi vaha bhogoM meM lIna ho jAye to use samyagdarzana honA sambhava nahIM hai / athavA eka samaya meM jIva meM pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM ko jAnane kI upAdAna yogyatA hone tathA ina sabhI indriyoM tathA inake viSaya rUpa bAhya sAmagrI kA sadbhAva hone mAtra se vyakti kI anantara kSaNavartI jJAna paryAya kA svarUpa nirdhArita nahIM hotA / isake viparIta jIva jisa indriya ke viSaya ko jAnane hetu pravRtta hotA hai, usI indriya ke viSaya ko jAnatA hai / kAraNa sAmagrI anantaravartI kSaNa meM jIva ke pariNamana kI sambhAvanAoM ko sImita to kara sakatI hai, lekina usameM usake pariNamana ko nirdhArita karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai / yadyapi saMsArI

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108 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA avasthA meM jIva ke jJAnAdi guNoM ko pariNamana indriya Adi nimitta kAraNoM ke avalambana pUrvaka hotA hai / lekina muktAvasthA meM jIva ke ina guNoM kI abhivyakti indriyAdi para padArthoM se nirepakSa rUpa se hI hotI hai / isa avasthA meM jIva kisI bhI anya dravya kI sahAyatA liye binA ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya se sampanna hotA hai / jIva kI mukta paryAya, pudgala dravya kI paramANu rUpa paryAya tathA dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya kI paryAyeM anya dravya ke saMyoga se rahita zuddha dravya kI paryAya haiM, isalie ye svabhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM / ina paryAyoM kI utpatti meM eka anivArya nimitta kAraNa kAla dravya hai, jo udAsIna nimitta kAraNa hai| isake viparIta jIva kI pudgala ke saMyoga janya saMsArI avasthA aura usameM bhI manuSya, pazu Adi avasthAeM tathA vibhinna pudgala paramANuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna skaMdha rUpa avasthA vibhAva paryAya haiM / inakI utpatti meM jIva, pudgala Adi anya dravyoM kI sahakArI kAraNa rUpatA preraka nimitta hai| isa prakAra kisI bhI dravya kA pariNamana sva para pratyaya hetuka hI hotA hai / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana ke anusAra jo bhI astitvavAna hai, vaha pariNAmI nitya sattA hai| jagata meM vidyamAna koI bhI padArtha apane mUlasvarUpa ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA, jJAnadarzanasukhavIrya AtmA kA zAzvata svabhAva hai tathA vaha na to kabhI apane isa cetanamaya svarUpa kA parityAga karatA hai aura na hI usame rUpAdi guNoM se yukta jar3a svarUpa kI kabhI utpatti ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra dravya kA mUla svabhAva sadaiva vahI rahatA hai, dhruva hai / dravya kA yaha anAdi ananta zAzvata svarUpa hI nirantara naye vizeSa svarUpa se pariNamita hotA huA vidyamAna hai / isalie sattA sadaiva sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka, dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa meM avasthita hai| advaita vedAnta mata : dhauvya hI sattA kA svarUpa advaita vedAnta ke anusAra sattA pUrNarUpeNa sAmAnya svarUpa aura kUTastha nitya hotI hai, usa sAmAnya aura zAzvata sattA kA aneka vizeSa rUpoM meM dRSTigocara ho rahA parivartana vAstavika parivartana na hokara parivartana kA AbhAsa mAtra hai| parivartana saupAdhika yA anya kAraNa sApekSa hotA hai aura isalie vaha sattA kA svarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| svabhAva to anya nirapekSa, akAraNa aura isalie kUTastha nitya hotA hai| bAharI kAraNa sattA ke mUla svarUpa ko parivartita karane meM asamartha hai / inake dvArA jo hai, usake saMsthAna yA AkRti ko parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA isake AdhAra para use bhinna nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| lekina nAma rUpa ke parivartana se sattA kA mUla svarUpa parivartita nahIM hotA, isalie vaha parivartana kA AbhAsa mAtra hai| udAharaNa ke liye cUrNa, piNDa, ghaTa, kapAla Adi kramavartI vikAroM rUpa se vidyamAna miTTI miTTI hI rahatI hai| parivartana kI isa prakriyA meM usakI AkRti badalatI hai, nAma badalatA hai, lekina isake dvArA miTTI apanI miTTIrUpatA ko chor3akara lohA yA sonA nahIM ho jAtI / ataH nAma rUpa kA parivartana vastu kA vAstavika parivartana nahIM hai / miTTI rUpatA bhI sattA kA mUla svabhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki jo sattA Aja miTTI rUpa meM avasthita

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sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya 109 hai, vahI kala vRkSa bana sakatI hai, lakar3I bana sakatI hai| vastutaH sabhI vizeSaNoM se rahita zuddha sat svarUpatA yA sadbhAva hI sattA kA mUla svabhAva hai / sat vahI hai jo abAdhita hai, jisakA kabhI kisI jJAna dvArA khaNDana nahI hotA / vastu kI miTTI, vRkSa Adi vizeSa svarUpa meM sattA nahIM hai, kyoMki isakA anya jJAna dvArA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| jisa padArtha ke prati hameM abhI 'yaha vRkSa hai' rUpa jJAna ho rahA hai, usI padArtha ke prati kAlAntara meM hameM 'yaha vRkSa nahIM hai' rUpa nizcaya usa padArtha ke vRkSa rUpa vizeSa svarUpa kA khaNDana kara detA hai / lakar3I, vRkSa Adi vibhinna vizeSa svarUpoM ke AdhAra rUpa meM avasthita zuddha sattA sAmAnya yA sat svarUpatA hI una padArthoM kA vAstavika svarUpa hai, kyoMki unake vizeSa rUpoM ke jJAna kA nirantara anya jJAna dvArA khaNDana hote rahane para bhI unakI sattA kA khaNDana kisI bhI jJAna dvArA kabhI nahIM hotA / padArtha kI sattA pahale bhI thI, abhI bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegI / ataH sattA sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka na hokara zuddha nirvizeSa sAmAnya sattA hai| yaha svayaM prakAza hone ke kAraNa caitanya svarUpa aura Anandamaya hai| yaha saccidAnanda sattA brahma kahalAtI hai| jo advaita svarUpa, kUTasthanitya aura sarvavyApaka hai| isameM kisI bhI prakAra ke bheda, kisI bhI prakAra kI anekarUpatA kA sadbhAva nahIM hai| yaha saccidAnanda brahma aneka jar3a cetana padArthoM rUpa se dRSTigocara ho rahe nAmarUpAtmaka jagata ke AdhAra rUpa meM vidyamAna unakA mUla upAdAna kAraNa hai / 2 prazna uThatA hai ki yadi brahma jagata ke sabhI padArthoM kA mUla upAdAna kAraNa hai to, brahma kA jagata rUpa meM parivartana mAtra nAma rUpa kA parivartana nahIM haiM, kyoMki brahma ke niravayava, anirvacanIya, cetana sattA hone ke kAraNa vaha nAma aura AkRti se rahita tattva hai; aisI sthiti meM brahma jagata rUpa meM rUpAntaraNa vAstavika parivartana kyoM nahIM hogA ? isa prazna ke uttara meM zaMkarAcArya kahate haiM ki brahma jagata rUpa meM parivartita nahIM hotA, balki Izvara apanI mAyA dvArA sattA ke mUla advaita svarUpa ko AvRtta karake, usa para aneka bhedoM se paripUrNa jagata ko Aropita kara detA hai / jisa prakAra ajJAnI vyakti ko sIpI meM cA~dI rUpa bhrama ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra anAdi avidyAgrasta jIvAtmA Izvara kI mAyA ke chalAve meM A jAtA hai| vaha mAyA dvArA Aropita nAma rUpAtmaka jagata ko yathArtha samajha letA hai tathA usake adhiSThAna rUpa meM vidyamAna saccidAnanda brahma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko nahIM jAna pAtA / Izvara, mAyA, jIva, jagata Adi vyAvahArika sattAe~ haiM / pAramArthika dRSTi se inakI sattA na hokara pUrNa rUpeNa nirvikAra saccidAnanda brahma kI hI sattA hai| jaina mata jaina dArzanika uparyukta mata ko asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki sattA sadaiva dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa meM hI avasthita hotI hai| vaha pratisamaya vartamAna paryAya viziSTa dravya hai tathA isa dravya kA vartamAna samaya meM isa rUpa meM sadbhAva hone ke sAtha hI sAtha bhUta, bhaviSyakAlIna paryAyoM rUpa se abhAva bhI hai| usakA zAzvata astitva usakI pratikSaNavartI paryAya rUpa se pariNamana pUrvaka sambhava hai| isa pariNamanazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa hI usake prati vaha sattA bhUtakAla meM bhI thI, vartamAna samaya meM bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegI;

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110 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA rUpa nityatA kI sthApanA hotI hai / yadi eka zAzvata sattA kI kramavartI samasta paryAyoM ko dravyApekSayA abhinna svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha paryAyApekSayA bhI abhinna svIkAra kiyA jAya tathA use vartamAna paryAya viziSTa rUpa se sat svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha bhUta, bhaviSyakAlIna paryAyoM rUpa se vartamAna samaya meM asat svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAya to padArtha kI sabhI paryAyoM ke eka hI samaya meM avasthita ho jAne ke kAraNa sattA mAtra eka samayavartI ho jAyegI tathA usakI nityatA kI sthApanA asambhava hogI / 43 ___ eka dravya apanI samasta paryAyoM meM pUrNarUpeNa eka rUpa vidyamAna hai athavA vaha aneka vizeSa svabhAvoM rUpa se pariNamanazIla eka sAmAnya sattA hai, isakA nirNaya pramANa dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| pratyakSa, anumAnAdi pramANoM dvArA zuddha nivizeSa sAmAnya sattA kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI, balki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka sattA hI jJAta hotI hai| jaise pratyakSa dvArA hameM kaNa, piNDAdi kisI vizeSa svarUpa meM avasthita miTTI hI jJAta hotI hai tathA ina vizeSa svarUpoM se rahita zuddha sAmAnya mRttikA dravya kI upalabdhi hameM kabhI nahIM hotI / 44 advaita vedAntI pratyakSa kI prAmANikatA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / maNDana mizra kahate haiM ki pratyakSa kI prAmANikatA vyAvahArika dRSTi se hI hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se pratyakSa prAmANika nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda pramANa dvArA isakA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / zabda pramANa sattA ke parivartanarahita advaita svarUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai| pratyakSa se virodha hone ke kAraNa ise mithyA nahIM kahA jA sakatA. kyoMki yaha pratyakSa se adhika zaktizAlI hai / vastu svarUpa ke pratipAdana kI kSamatA zabda pramANa meM hI hai / ataH isake dvArA pratyakSa kI bhramAtmakatA kI siddhi hotI hai / 45 prazna uThatA hai ki kyA sattA ke utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka, sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka svarUpa kI yathArthatA ko svIkAra kiye binA usake prati gurUpadeza, zAstra racanA Adi rUpa zabda pramANa kI pravRtti saMbhava hai ? jo jIvAtmA anAdi avidyA ke vazIbhUta hokara, isa dRzyajagata ko yathArtha samajha rahe haiM, unake prati isa jJAna kI bhramAtmakatA tathA sattA ke yathArtha svarUpa kI siddhi ke liye guru dvArA upadezAdi kAryoM kA sampAdana hotA hai| ina kAryoM kI sArthakatA jIvAtmA ke anAdi avidyA grasta avasthA ke vinAzapUrvaka usake tattvajJAna rUpa navIna vizeSa svarUpa meM parivartita hone para hI hai| yadi kahA jAya ki cetanA kA avidyA aura vidyA rUpa bheda vyAvahArika satya hI hai; pAramArthika dRSTi se usameM ina bhedoM kA pUrNatayA abhAva hai to vaha mAnyatA bhI eka anvayI jJAtA meM aneka starabhedoM kI sthApanA karatI hai| jo cetanA vyAvahArika satya kI anubhUti svarUpa hai vaha saviSayaka hai; eka vastu ke yugapat aura kramavartI aneka svabhAvoM kA anubhava kara rahI hai tathA vahI cetanA zabda pramANa kI sahAyatA se kAlAntara meM vyAvahArika satya ke stara se Upara uThakara pAramArthika satya kI anubhUti rUpa se pariNamita hotI hai| yadi cetanA kA vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika satya kI anubhUti rUpa avasthA bheda bhI AbhAsa mAtra mAna liyA jAya to aisI sthiti meM dRzya jagat ke jJAna ke mithyAtva tathA saccidAnandabrahma kI sattA kI siddhi kA koI AdhAra zeSa nahIM rahegA / 46 saMsArI jIva aura pudgala dravya kA pariNamana anya dravya sApekSa aura kAraNAtmaka niyamoM se niyaMtrita

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111 sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya hotA hai / saMsArI jIva pudgala karmoM se saMyukta hokara tathA aneka pudgala paramANu paraspara saMyukta hokara apane sAmAnya svarUpa ke aneka vibhinna pariNAmoM ko prApta karate haiM / ye anya dravya sApekSa paryAya hone ke kAraNa ina dravyoM kI vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM / lekina ina dravyoM kI yaha vibhAva paryAya bhinnabhinna paristhitiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa se pariNamana kI Antarika yogyatA ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI hai / yadi unameM isa Antarika sAmarthya kA sadbhAva nahIM ho to kisI bhI bAharI zakti dvArA unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana kiyA jA sakanA sambhava hai / 40 saMsArI jIva ke viparIta muktAtmA kA pariNamana nirUpAdhika hotA hai / muktAtmA apane anya nirapekSa zuddha svabhAva meM avasthita hotA hai tathA isa avasthA kI prApti kA pratyeka vyakti ke lie parama mUlya hai / lekina isa avasthA kI prApti eka pariNAmInitya cetanA sattA kA hI ho sakatI hai| jisa bandhana grasta jIvAtmA ke gurumukha se tattvamasi jaise mahAvAkyoM kA zravaNa kiyA hai, tatpazcAt jo 'ahaM brahmAsmi' rUpa se nirantara manana kara rahA hai, use hI kAlAntara meM brahma svarUpa ke sAkSAtkAra pUrvaka apane mukta svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai / isa prakAra tattvajJAniyoM dvArA baMdhana grasta ajJAnI jIvoM ko ajJAna kI nivRtti hetu upadeza denA, zAstroM kI racanA karanA tathA ajJAnI zrotA dvArA upadeza kA anusaraNa kara mokSa prApti hetu puruSArtha karanA - donoM hI kArya cetana sattA ke dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ko yathArtha svIkAra karane para hI sambhava hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki sattA na to pUrNatayA sAmAnya rUpa aura kUTastha nitya hai aura na hI sarvathA kSaNika aura vizeSa rUpa hai / isake viparIta jo bhI astitvAna hai vaha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka, utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka tattva hai| jagat meM vidyamAna pratyeka jar3a cetana padArtha ananta sambhAvanAoM se paripUrNa pariNamanazIla dravya haiM tathA usakI vibhinna sambhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti, usameM nizcita kAraNAtmaka niyamoM ke anusAra ghaTita hone vAlI parivartana kI prakriyA dvArA hotI hai / sattA ke isa zakti-vyaktimaya dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ke jJAna pUrvaka hI samasta loka vyavahAra aura AdhyAtmika lakSyoM kI prApti hetu puruSArtha sambhava hai| Aja vijJAna dvArA pudgala dravya meM antarnihita asIma sambhAvanAoM ko pahacAnane tathA una sambhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti kI prakriyA ko samajhakara prakRti para niyantraNa sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| prAcIna kAla meM bhAratIya manISiyoM ne AtmA ke ananta zaktisampanna pariNamanazIla svarUpa ko samajhane hetu gahana anusaMdhAna kArya kiyA hai| unhoMne na kevala vibhinna saMsArI jIvoM ke jJAnAdi guNoM meM ghaTita ho rahI utthAna patana kI prakriyA kI vyAkhyA hetu karma siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai; balki unhoMne isa satya kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jisa AtmA meM zakti rUpa se anantadarzanajJAnasukhavIryamaya paramAtma svarUpa vidyamAna hai vaha vartamAna samaya meM apane Apa ko ajJAnI, zaktihIna aura duHkhI kyoM anubhava kara rahA hai| sAtha hI yaha apane isa vartamAnakAlIna vyakta svarUpa kA parityAga kara apane meM zakti rUpa se vidyamAna paramAtma svarUpa ko kisa prakAra prApta kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra prAcIna kAla se hI mAnava jIva, pudgala Adi dravyoM ke ananta sambhAvanAoM se paripUrNa pariNamanazIla svabhAva ko nirantara aura adhika jAnane hetu prayatnarata hai| jJAnArjana kI yaha prakriyA tathA isake dvArA vastu svarUpa ko samajhakara, laukika aura AdhyAtmika sabhI prakAra ke lakSyoM kI prApti hetu kiyA jAne vAlA puruSArtha donoM hI kArya sattA ke dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ko siddha karate haiM /

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112 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA saMdarbha 1. paMcAstikAya saMgraha,gAthA-10 2. Apte's Sanskrit English Dictionary. Page-576 3. daviyAdi gacchadi tAI tAI savbhAva pajjayAI jaM / daviyaM taM bhaNNaMte aNaNNabhUdaM tu sattAdau // paMcAskiAsaMgraddha, gAthA - 9 4. jainendra vyAkaraNa 4/1/158 5. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa; bhAga-1 pRSTha-434 6. tattvArthavArtika 5/2/436 7. guNaparyayavat dravyaM te sahakramavRttayaH / 8. vijJAnavyaktizaktyAdyAbhedAbhedo rasAdivat // nyAyavinizcaya 1/115 nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa; bhAga-1; pRSTha 428-29 10. guNyate pRthak kriyate dravyaM dravyAdyaiste guNAH / AlApa-paddhati - 93 11. guNavat dravyaM utpAdavyayadhrauvyAdayo guNAH / nyAyavinizcaya; 1/117 pUrvArddha 12. paMcAstikAya samayavyAkhyA TIkA; gAthA-10 13. astitvaM hi kila dravyasya svabhAvaH / .... tastu dravyAntarANAmiva dravyaguNaparyAyANAM na pratyeka parisamApyate / yato hi parasparasAdhitasiddhi yuktatvAt teSAmastitvamekameva / pravacanasAra-tattvapradIpikA TIkA; gAthA-96 14. svadravya catuSTayApekSayA paraspara guNAH svabhAvA bhavanti / AlApa-paddhati; sUja 119 15. dravyANyapi bhavanti / vahI, sUja - 120 16. paMcAstikAya samayavyAkhyA TIkA; gAthA-13 17. paMcAstikAya saMgraha, gAtha-13 18. vahI; gAthA-50 19. vahI; gAthA-51 20. pUrvAparaparyAyayoH sAdhAraNamekaM dravyam / dravati tAstAnparyAyAngacchatIti vyutpattyA trikAlAnuyAyI yo vastvaMzastadUrdhvatAH - sAmAnyamiti abhidhIyate / syAdvAda ratnAkaraH pRSTha-732 parAparavivartavyApI dravyamUrdhvatA sAmAnyaM mRdiva sthAsAdiSu / parIkSA mukha sUtra 4/6 21. ekasmin dravye kramabhAvinaH pariNAma: paryAyaH Atmani harSaviSAdAdivat / vahI; sUtra-4/91 22. tattvArthazlokavArtika; pRSTha-394 23. AptamImAMsA-57 24. hetu bindu TIkA pRSTha-105 se nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa; bhAga-1 pRSTha-446 para uddhRta / 25. vahI; pRSTha 447 para uddhRta / 26. pramANavArtika 1/72-74

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sattA kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka paryAya 113 27. vahI 2/3 28. vahI 1/62-63 29. saugata siddhAnta sAra saMgraha; pRSTha-111 30. nyAyakumudacandra; pRSTha-365 31. aSTasahastrI; pRSTha-203 32. yuktatyAnuzAsana TIkA; pRSTha-117-8 33. pravacanasAra; gAthA-96 pravacanasAra tattvapradIpikA; gAthA-96 35. aSTasahastrI; pRSTha-220 36. vahI; pRSTha-89-90 37. vahI; pRSTha-54 38. bhAvAnAM dravyaparyAyazaktyAtmakatvAt / tatra dravyazaktinityaiva anAdinidhana svabhAvatvAt dravyasya / paryAyazaktistyanityaiva sAdiparyavasAnatvAt paryAyANAm / na ca zaktenityatve sahakArikAraNAnapekSamaivArthasya kAryakAritvAbhyupagamAt / paryAyazaktisamanvitA hi dravyazakti kAryakAriNI viziSTaparyAyapariNatasyaiva dravyasya kAryakAritva pratIteH / tatpariNatizcAsya sahakArikAraNApekSayA iti paryAyazaktesvathaiva bhAvAt na sarvathA kAyotpatiH prasaMgaH sahakArikAraNApekSavaiyarthaM kA / prameyakamalamArtaNDa-pRSTha-200 bhAvasyaikasya yAvaMti kAryANi kAlatrayepi sAkSAtpAramparyeNa vA tAvantyaH zaktayaH sambhAvyataH ityabhidadhmahe.... | tattvArtha zloka vArtikaH pRSTha-158 39. zaktiparyAyANAmaparazaktiparyAyopanibandhanaM yadi nAsti vyaktiparyAyANAmapi na bhavet / asti cetH anavasthAnaM iti cet satyam: anavasthitA evaM paryAyaH anantazaktivAt arthasya / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa bhAga-1, pRSTha-4331 40. chAndogya upaniSad, zAMkara bhASya, 6/2/2 41. vahI 42. vahI 3/14/1 43. aSTasahastrI, pRSTha-206 44. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha-68 45. brahmasiddhi, pRSTha-40 se nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa bhAga-1 pRSTha-463 para uddhata 46. tattvArthazlokavArtika, pRSTha-158 47. AptamImAMsA, zloka-24-25

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12 dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha : siddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM zrIprakAza pANDeya siddhasena divAkara (4vIM-5vIM zatI) dvArA viracita 'sanmati-prakaraNa' jaina dArzanika jagat kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai jo zvetAmbara evaM digaMbara donoM sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena kI isa prAkRta racanA meM nayoM kA vizuddha vivecana, tarka ke AdhAra para paMcajJAna kI paricarcA, pratipakSI darzana kA bhI sApekSa bhUmikA para samarthana tathA samyaktvasparzI anekAnta kA yuktipurassara pratipAdana isa grantha kA pramukha pratipAdya hai / sanmati-prakaraNa meM kula tIna kAMDa aura 167 gAthAyeM haiM / prathama nayakAMDa meM 54, dvitIya jIvakAMDa meM 46 tathA tRtIya zeyakAMDa meM kula 69 gAthAyeM haiM / prathama nayakAMDa meM nayavAda kI vyApaka carcA unake bhedoM sahita kI gayI hai| dvitIya jIvakAMDa meM jJAna tathA tRtIya zeyakAMDa meM jJeya kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| sanmati kI bhASA prAkRta (mahArASTrI) tathA zailI padyamaya hai / sanmati-prakaraNa ke mukhya vivecya nayavAda, dravya-guNa-paryAya, anekAntavAda, pramANa, naya-nikSepa sambandha yojanA Adi viSaya haiN| cUMki hamArA abhISTa dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha hai, ataH sarvaprathama hama dravya, guNa, paryAya kA saMkSipta paricaya dete hue unake pAramparika sambandhoM kI carcA kareMge / dravya kA svarUpa aura prakAra dravya kI avadhAraNA jaina tattvamImAMsA kA eka viziSTa aMga hai / jo astitvavAna hai, vaha dravya kahalAtA hai / 'T' dhAtu ke sAtha 'ya' pratyaya ke yoga se niSpanna dravya zabda kA artha hai - yogya / jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta huA, prApta hotA hai, aura prApta hogA, vaha dravya hai / jainendra vyAkaraNa ke anusAra dravya zabda ivArthaka nipAta hai 'dravyaM bhavye' isa jainendra vyAkaraNa ke sUtrAnusAra 'dru' kI taraha jo ho vaha dravya hai / jisa prakAra binA gAMTha kI lakar3I bar3haI Adi ke nimitta se kursI Adi aneka AkAroM ko prApta hotI hai, usI prakAra dravya bhI bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoM se una-una paryAyoM ko prApta

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandhaHsiddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 115 hotA rahatA hai / kundakunda ne nirukta kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hue mukhya rUpa se dravya kI do kasauTiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai - jo una-una paryAyoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai / kundakunda ne nirukta kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hue mukhya rUpa se dravya kI do kasauTiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai - jo una-una sadbhUta paryAyoM tathA 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM' kiyA hai| arthAt jo utpatti aura vinAza ko prApta hote hue bhI dhruva yA nitya rahatA hai - vaha dravya hai / dhrauvya svabhAvamaya nitya, pariNamanazIla artha meM prayukta hone vAle isa dravya ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiM yathA - sattA, sat yA satva, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu, artha aura vidhi ye nau zabda sAmAnyataH dravya zabda ke vAcaka haiM / jaina darzana meM sat aura dravya paryAyavAcI haiM / sAMkhya ise prakRti puruSa ke artha meM, cArvAka bhUtacatuSTaya ke artha meM aura nyAya-vaizeSika paramANuvAda ke rUpa meM dravya zabda ko grahaNa karate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya sat hai aura dravya kA svabhAva hai utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA aikya pariNAma / AgamoM meM sat ke sthAna para 'astikAya' aura 'dravya' ina do zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / dravya kI sarvaprathama paribhASA uttarAdhyayana (28/6) meM hai, jahA~ 'guNAnAM Asavo davvo' kahakara guNoM ke Azrayasthala ko dravya kahA gayA hai| kintu isake pUrva kI gAthA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya sabhI ko jAnane vAlA jJAna hai (utta0 28/ 5) / uttarAdhyayana kI yaha paribhASA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke adhika nikaTa hai / dravya kI anya paribhASA 'guNAnAM samUho davvo' aura 'guNaparyAyavadravyam' ke rUpa meM bhI milatI hai / ataH dravya ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para mukhya rUpa se do avadhAraNAyeM ubharakara sAmane AtI haiM - dravya kA sat athavA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta honA tathA guNa aura paryAya yukta honA / donoM hI paribhASAyeM AcArya umAsvAti (2sarI-3sarI zatI) ne apane tattvArthasUtra meM dI hai| isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue kundakunda ne pravacanasAra (95-96) meM kahA hai ki 'jo aparityakta svabhAvavAlA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta tathA guNa, paryAya sahita hai, vaha dravya hai| anuyogadvAra meM nAma ke antargata-dravyanAma, guNanAma aura paryAyanAma ina tIna prakAroM kA ullekha hai| vahA~ dravya ke artha meM sat saMjJA upalabdha nahIM hotI / umAsvAti ne anya bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAoM meM svIkRta sat kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate hue sat kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA jo mukhyatayA anekAntavAda para AdhArita hai / jaina darzana sat kA AdhAra na kevala nityatA yA anityatA balki nityAnityatA mAnatA hai / DaoN0 padmarAje ne sat kI AvadhAraNA ke AdhAra para bhAratIya darzanoM ko pA~ca vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - The Philosophy of Being or Identity, The Philosophy of Becoming (change) or difference, The Philosophy subordinating identity to difference, The Philosophy subordinating difference to identity. The Philosophy co-ordinating both identity and dirrerence uparyukta paMca avadhAraNAoM meM se jaina avadhAraNA kA ullekha pAMcaveM varga meM kiyA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra sat vaha hai, jo bheda aura abheda sApekSa ho / umAsvAti kI sat kI paribhASA meM utpAdavyayadhrauvyatva aura guNaparyAyAtmakatva donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai|

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116 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM kI saMyukta avasthA ko dravya kahA hai / anyatra dravya ke parimANAtmaka svarUpa kI carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM - eka dravya ke bhItara jo atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata arthaparyAya aura vyaMjanaparyAya hotI hai, vaha dravya utanA hI hotA hai / siddhasena ne dravya ke sandarbha meM paryAya kI carcA kI hai guNa kI nahIM, kyoMki ve mUlataH guNa aura paryAya ko abhinna mAnate haiM / jaina darzana meM dravya ke cha: pradhAna bheda kiye gaye haiM - jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kAla / dravya ke do bheda saMyoga aura samavAya dravya bhI milate hai / isake atirikta dravya ke mUrtaamUrta, kriyAvAna-bhAvavAna, eka-aneka apekSA pariNAmI va nitya apekSA, sapradezI-apradezI, kSetravAnaakSetravAna, sarvagata-asarvagata Adi bheda bhI milate haiM / guNa svarUpa aura prakAra dravya ke sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kahate haiM / Agama sAhitya meM mUlataH dravya aura paryAya kI carcA hai / kahIM-kahIM guNa kI bhI carcA upalabdha hotI hai, kintu vahA~ guNa kA vaha artha abhipreta nahIM hai jo vartamAna sandarbha meM vivakSita hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM eka sthala para AyA hai - 'je guNe se aavtttte'| yahA~ guNa kA artha indriya-viSaya hai| isI prakAra vyAkhyAprajJapti meM paMcAstikAya ke sandarbha meM 'guNa' zabda kA prayoga anekazaH huA hai, kintu vahA~ guNa kA artha sahabhAvI dharma ke artha meM na hokara upakAraka zakti ke artha meM hai| prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM sahabhAvI va kramabhAvI-donoM hI dharmoM kA paryAya pada se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / anuyogadvAra aura uttarAdhyayana meM 'guNa' kA jJeya ke sandarbha meM svataMtra nirUpaNa huA hai para anuyogadvAra aura uttarAdhyayana kI paramparA uttarakAlIna hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM dravya ko guNoM kA Azraya na mAnakara guNoM ko ekamAtra dravyAzrita siddha kiyA hai / vastutaH guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, yaha paribhASA guNoM kA dravya ke sAtha nairantarya sUcita karatI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM guNa aura paryAya kA svataMtra lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai / umAsvAti ne bhI dravya kI paribhASA meM guNa aura paryAya donoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / guNa kI paribhASA karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki 'dravyAzrayA nirguNa guNAH 11 / umAsvAti kI isa paribhASA meM nirguNa vizeSaNa kA prayoga mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha paribhASA sAmAnyatayA AtmavirodhI sI pratIta hotI hai, kintu isa paribhASA kI mUlabhUta dRSTi yaha hai ki yadi hama guNa kA bhI guNa mAneMge to anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga AyegA / dravya ke sAtha guNoM kI aparihAryatA hai, kintu guNa meM guNoM kA sadbhAva nahIM hai / vaizeSika darzana meM guNa kI dravya se svatantra sattA mAnI gayI hai / unake anusAra dravya jaba utpanna hotA hai taba prathama kSaNa meM vaha nirguNa hotA hai / bAda meM samavAya ke dvArA dravya aura guNa kA sambandha sthApita hotA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya guNa kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai / jisa prakAra dravya kI guNoM se pRthak koI sattA nahIM hai usI prakAra guNoM kI dravya se pRthak koI abhivyakti nahIM hotI / bhaTTa akalaMka ne "nityaM dravyamAzritya ye vartante te guNA iti" kaha kara guNa kI paribhASA kI hai|

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandhaHsiddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 117 guNa ke bheda guNa ke do bheda kiye haiM - 1. sAmAnya yA sAdhAraNa guNa tathA 2. vizeSa yA asAdhAraNa guNa / jo guNa samasta dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiM, sAmAnya guNa kahalAte haiM / sAdhAraNa yA sAmAnya guNoM se kevala dravyatva kI siddhi hotI hai aura vizeSa guNoM se dravya vizeSa kI siddhi hotI hai jaise - caitanya guNa jIva dravya meM hI hotA hai, zeSa pAMca dravyoM meM nahIM / astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurulaghutva, pradezatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva ye dasa sAmAnya guNa pAye jAte haiM / pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavatti ke anusAra astitva, nAstitva, ekatva, dravyatva, paryAyatva, sarvagatva, asarvagatatva, sapradezatva, apradezatva, mUrtatva, sakriyatva, akriyatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, kartRtva, akartRtva, bhoktRtva, abhokRtva. agurulaghutva ityAdi sAmAnya guNa haiM12 / nayacakra, AlApapaddhati, dravyAnuyogatarkaNA Adi granthoM meM uparyukta sAmAnya guNoM ke atirikta cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva cAra sAmAnya guNoM kA ullekha aura milatA hai| vizeSa guNa ve haiM jo samasta dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hote / ve vizeSatAeM yA lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, viziSTa guNa kahe jAte haiM / ina vizeSa guNoM kI saMkhyA solaha hai - jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, gatihetutva, avagAhahetutva, cetanatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva / inameM se jIva va pudgala meM cha:-chaH tathA zeSa cAra dravyoM meM tIna-tIna hote haiN| pravacanasAra TIkA tAtparyavRtti ke anusAra avagAhanAhetutva, gatihetutva, sthitihetutva, vartanAhetutva, rUpAdimatva, cetanatva Adi vizeSa guNa haiN| ye kramazaH AkAza, dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala aura jIva ke vizeSa guNa haiM / dravya ke anusAra usake guNa bhI mUrta, cetana hote haiM / akalaMka ne astitva, anyatva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva, paryAyatva, asarvagatatva, anAdisantati- bandhanabandhatva, pradezatva, arUpatva, nityatva Adi bhAvoM ko pAriNAmika bhAva kahA hai13 / guNa pariNamanazIla haiM, kintu ekaguNa anya guNa rUpa pariNamana nahIM karatA / paryAya svarUpa aura prakAra dravya ke vikAra athavA avasthA vizeSa ko paryAya kahate haiM / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartana hI paryAya kahalAte haiM / vyutpatti ke anusAra jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se gamana karatI hai, paraNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai|4 / dUsarI paribhASA ke anusAra jo dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita rahatA hai, use paryAya kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra dravya kA sahabhAvI dharma guNa kahalAtA hai usI prakAra dravya kA kramabhAvI dharma paryAya kahalAtA hai, jaise-sukha, duHkha aura harSa Adi / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to dravya kA anvayI aMza guNa aura vyatirekI aMza paryAya kahalAtA hai / dravya bheda meM abheda kA pratIka hai, jabaki paryAya abheda meM bheda kA / kahA bhI gayA hai 'parisamantAdAyaH paryAya:16' arthAt jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare, vaha paryAya hai| pUjyapAda ne paryAya, vizeSa, apavAda, vyAvRtti ko ekArthaka batAyA hai / paryAya ke liye 'pariNAma' zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| UrdhvatAsAmAnya rUpa dravya kI

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118 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA paryAyoM ko pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| UrdhvatAsAmAnya kA artha hai - kAlakRta bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM samAnatA kI anubhUti / jaise dravyArthikanaya se jIva zAzvata hai aura paryAyArthika naya se azAzvata hai / umAsvAti ne bhI paryAya ke artha meM pariNAma kA prayoga kiyA hai / eka dharma kI nivRtti hone para itara dharma kI utpattirUpa dravya kI jo parispandanAtmaka paryAya hai, use UrdhvatAsAmAnya pariNAma kahate haiM / paryAyoM ke prakAroM kI Agamika AdhAroM para carcA karate hue muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' ne dravyAnuyoga (pR038) meM kahA hai ki prajJApanAsUtra meM paryAya ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM - (1) jIva paryAya tathA (2) ajIva paryAya / ye donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM anaMta hotI haiM / punaH paryAya ke do bheda haiM - dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya.9 | aneka dravyoM meM aikya kA bodha karAne meM kAraNabhUta dravya paryAya hai| guNaparyAya vaha hai jo guNa ke dvArA anvaya rUpa ekatva pratipatti kA kAraNabhUta hotI hai| eka anya apekSA se paryAya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM - 1. artha paryAya aura 2. vyaJjana paryAya / bhedoM kI paramparA meM jitanA sadRza pariNAma pravAha kisI eka zabda ke lie vAcya banakara prayukta hotA hai, vaha paryAya vyaJjana paryAya kahalAtA hai tathA paramparA meM jo antima aura avibhAjya hai, vaha artha paryAya kahalAtA hai jaise cetana padArtha kA sAmAnya rUpa jIvatva hai / kAla karma Adi ke kAraNa unameM upAdhikRta saMsAritva, manuSyatva, puruSatva Adi bhedoM vAlI paramparAoM meM se puruSa zabda kA pratipAdya jo sadRza paryAya pravAha hai, vaha vyaJjana paryAya tathA puruSa rUpa meM sadRza paryAya ke antargata dUsare bAla, yuvA Adi jo bheda haiM, unheM arthaparyAya kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to eka hI paryAya kI kramabhAvI paryAyoM ko artha paryAya tathA padArtha kI usake vibhinna prakAroM evaM bhedoM meM jo paryAya hotI hai, use vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiN| inameM se vyaJjana paryAya sthUla aura dIrghakAlika paryAya hai tathA artha paryAya sUkSma aura vartamAnakAlika paryAya hai / artha paryAya-mUrta-amUrta sabhI dravyoM meM hotI hai, jabaki vyaJjana paryAya kA sambandha kevala mUrta athavA saMsArI jIva va pudgala ke sAtha hI hai| paryAyoM kA eka vibhAjana svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI milatA hai - jo paryAya paranimittoM se nirapekSa hotI hai, use svabhAva paryAya tathA jo paranimittoM se sApekSa hotI hai use, vibhAva paryAya kahA jAtA hai / paryAya ke lakSaNa haiM - ekatva, pRthakatva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga tathA vibhAgara / paryAya dravya se sarvathA bhinna nahIM pAyI jAtI, kintu vaha dravya svarUpa hI upalabdha hotI hai / dravya aura guNa kA sambandha dravya aura guNa ke sambandha ko lekara bhAratIya darzana meM mukhya rUpa se do avadhAraNAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM se eka avadhAraNA ekAntataH bhinnatA ko AdhAra mAnatI hai to dUsarI ekAntataH abhinnatA ko / ekAnta bheda ko mAnane vAle vaizeSikoM ke anusAra dravya aura guNa sarvathA bhinna haiM / Adya kSaNa meM dravya nirguNa hotA hai tadanantara samavAya nAmaka padArtha ke dvArA donoM meM sambandha sthApita hotA hai| dravya aura guNa kI isa pRthakatA ke do mukhya kAraNa haiM - 1. lakSaNa kI bhinnatA 2. grAhaka pramANa kI bhinnatA

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandhaHsiddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 119 vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki dravya aura guNa ke lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna haiM / dravya guNoM kA AdhAra hai, jabaki guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM / dravya guNavAna hotA hai, jabaki guNa nirguNa hote haiM / dravya kriyAvAna hotA hai, jabaki guNa niSkriya hote haiM / ataH donoM nitAnta bhinna haiM22 / isI prakAra guNa aura dravya ke grAhaka pramANa bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| ghaTa, paTa Adi dravyoM kA grahaNa eka se adhika indriyoM dvArA hotA hai aura isameM mAnasika anusaMdhAna bhI sAtha hotA hai| jabaki rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi guNoM kA grahaNa eka indriya sApekSa hotA hai tathA isameM mAnasika anusaMdhAna bhI nahIM hotA / isa prakAra donoM ke lakSaNa aura grAhaka pramANa bhinna hone se donoM pRthak haiM / siddhasena divAkara ne ekAntabhedavAdI vaizeSikoM kI isa dalIla ko sanmati-prakaraNa meM 'kaI' (kecid) zabda dvArA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM rakhA hai - rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-phAsA asamANaggahaNa-lakkhaNA jamhA / tamhA davvANugayA guNa tti te kei icchanti // 23 vRttikAra, abhayadevasUri ne apane 'sanmati-tarka-prakaraNam' meM 'kei' pada kI vyAkhyA meM bhedavAdI vaizeSikoM tathA 'svayUthya' arthAt katipaya siddhAnta se anabhijJa jainAcAryoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai / paM0 sukhalAlajI evaM becaradAsajI ne vRttikAkAra ke abhimata kI samIkSA kI hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki dravya ko guNoM se bhinna mAnane vAlA koI jainAcArya to sambhava nahIM hai / upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne apane 'dravya-guNa paryAya no rAsa'25 meM koika digaMbarAnusArI zaktirUpa guNa bhASai chai, je mATe te... guNa paryAya nuM kAraNa guNa' kaha kara kisI digambara vidvAna dvArA bheda kI paramparA mAnane kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu yaha digambara vidvAna kauna hai ? yaha kahanA sarvathA kaThina hai| kyoMki dravya aura guNa meM sarvathA bheda jaina darzana kI anekAnta vyavasthA ke nitAnta pratikUla hai| phira bhI yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki dravya aura guNa meM bheda svIkArane vAle vaizeSikoM se prabhAvita rahe hoMge / Adi AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika vyapadeza, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, viSaya Adi ke AdhAra para dravya aura guNa ko bhinna batalAte haiM, kintu kundakundAcArya ke anusAra vyapadeza, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, viSaya Adi jisa taraha bheda meM hote haiM, usI taraha abheda meM bhI hote haiM / jahA~ aneka dravyoM kI apekSA pratipAdana ho vahA~ vyapadeza Adi kA bheda bhedavAda kA pratIka bana jAtA hai / jahA~ eka hI dravya kI apekSA kathana ho vahA~ vyapadeza Adi abheda kA pratIka bana jAtA hai6 / ataH dravya aura guNa sarvathA bhinna nahIM haiM / sarvathA bheda vahIM hotA hai jahA~ pradeza bheda ho / jisa prakAra svarNa aura pIta meM saMjJA Adi kA bheda hone para bhI pradeza bheda nahIM hai, usI prakAra dravya aura guNa meM bhI pradeza bheda nahIM hai / vaizeSikoM kA yaha tarka ki dharma aura dharmI sarvathA bhinna hone para bhI samavAya sambandha se sambandhita hote haiM, jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai / jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki eka to samavAya kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai, yadi samavAya kI svatantra sattA mAna bhI leM to jisa prakAra paTa meM paTatva kA hetu samavAya hai, usI prakAra samavAya meM samavAyatva

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120 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke saMbandha kA hetu koI dUsarA samavAya honA cAhie / isI taraha dUsare samavAya meM samavAyatva ke saMbandha kA hetu koI tIsarA samavAya mAnanA hogA aura isa prakAra anavasthA doSa kI prasakti hogI / yadi kahA jAya ki samavAya meM samavAyatva kA honA apekSita nahIM hai to samavAya niHsvabhAva ho jAyegA / ataH dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnanA aura phira usameM samavAya sambandha mAnanA kathamapi yuktiyukta nahIM hai| jaina darzana aise padArthoM meM tAdAtmya sambandha mAnatA hai / jainoM ke anusAra guNa se rahita hokara na to dravya kI koI sattA hotI hai, na dravya se rahita guNa kI / ataH sattA ke stara para guNa aura dravya meM abheda hai, jabaki vaicArika stara para donoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai / siddhasena divAkara kA abhimata siddhasena divAkara anekAntavAda ke pratiSThApaka hone ke kAraNa dravya aura guNa ke bhedAbheda sambandha ko sApekSatA ke AdhAra para samAhita karate haiM / jainoM kI 'uttpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' kI vyAkhyA ko AdhAra banAkara bhedavAdI kahate haiM ki dravya kA lakSaNa hai sthiratA aura guNa kA lakSaNa hai - utpAda vyaya, ataH donoM ke lakSaNa bhinna hone se donoM bhinna haiM / siddhasena ke anusAra isa avadhAraNA meM avyAptidoSa hai| dravya kI taraha guNa bhI sthira rahate haiM aura guNa kI taraha dravya kA bhI utpAda-vyaya dekhA jAtA hai, kintu mAtra sthiratA ko dravya kA, evaM utpatti-vinAza ko guNa kA lakSaNa batAnA avyAptidoSa hai| yaha lakSaNa kevala dravya aura kevala guNa meM bhinna-bhinna ghaTegA, kintu eka samagra sat meM nahIM29 / siddhasena kI mAnyatA hai ki dharmI aura dharma kevala ekAnta bhinna nahIM haiM, ve paraspara abhinna bhI haiN| dharmI bhI, dharma kI bhAMti utpAda-vinAzavAna hI hai aura dharma bhI dharmI kI bhAti sthira hai / ataH dravya yA sat dharmadharmI ubhaya rUpa hai / ve tarka dete haiM ki yadi guNa dravya se bhinna haiM to yA ve mUrta hoMge yA amUrta / yadi mUrta hoM to paramANu bhI indriyagrAhya bana jAyeMge jo sambhava nahIM hai aura yadi amUrta hoM to unakA indriyoM dvArA grahaNa hI sambhava nahIM hogA, jabaki ghaTa, paTa, nIla Adi kA pratyakSa indriyoM dvArA grahaNa hotA hai, ataH dravya ko guNoM se bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / siddhasena ke anusAra uparyukta doSApatti se bacane kA zreyaskara mArga hai-bhedAbheda kI svIkRti / bhedAbheda mAnane para mUrta-amUrta kA prazna svataH samAhita ho jAtA hai / siddhasena divAkara ne mUrta-amUrta kI bheda rekhA varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza kI sahabhAvitA se alaga indriyoM kI grAhyatA va agrAhyatA ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kI hai / kundakunda ne bhI mUrta ko indriyagrAhya aura amUrta ko indriya agrAhya kahA hai / sanmatikAra ne mUrta aura amUrta ke pariprekSya meM mUlataH paramANu kA ullekha kiyA hai / jahA~ taka paramANu ke indriyagrAhya na hone kA prazna hai, siddhasena kA vicAra Agama sammata hai, para jahA~ ve mUrta-amUrta kI bhedaka kasauTI ke rUpa meM indriyagrAhyatA ko AdhAra banAte haiM, vahA~ ve Agama paramparA se bhinna jAte pratIta hote haiM / dravya aura guNa kA ekAnta abhedavAda bhedavAdI dravya kI niraMza akhaMDa sattA mAnate haiM / unake anusAra dravya meM guNakRta vibhAga nahIM hote / dravya aura guNa paraspara avyatirikta hone se abhinna haiN| advaita vedAntI, sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka vastu

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandhaHsiddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 121 ko sarvathA sAmAnya mAnate haiM / unake mata meM sAmAnya se alaga vizeSa kahIM dRSTigocara hI nahIM hote / ve mAnate haiM ki sAmAnya se alaga vizeSoM kA astitva mAnane para prazna uThatA hai ki vizeSoM meM vizeSatva hotA hai yA nahIM ? yadi vizeSoM meM vizeSatva hotA hai to kahanA hogA ki vahI vizeSatva sAmAnyavAdiyoM kA sAmAnya hai| yadi vaha kaheM ki vizeSoM meM vizeSatva nahIM hotA to vizeSa niHsvabhAva ho jaayeNge| ataH sAmAnya hI sat hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu tattva na to kevala sAmAnya hai na kevala vizeSa balki vaha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai / vizeSa rahita sAmAnya aura sAmAnya rahita vizeSa kharaviSANavat asaMbhava hai / dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM se abhedavAdI kevala dravya ko hI padArtha mAnate haiM / guNa aura paryAya ke AdhAra para hone vAlI bhinnatA unakI dRSTi meM mithyA athavA pratibhAsa mAtra hai / jaina dArzanika dravya ko guNaparyAyavat mAnane se dravya aura guNa kA nitAnta abheda svIkAra nahIM karate23 / DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina ke anusAra dravya ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie ve dravya se abhinna haiM / kintu prayojana Adi bheda se usakA abhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH ve bhinna bhI hai / siddhasena divAkara kA abhimata siddhasena divAkara ke anusAra dravya aura guNa donoM paraspara bhinnAbhinna haiM / dravya aura guNa meM na to ekAnta abheda hai na ekAnta bheda / sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM paraspara anuviddha haiM / ekAnta sAmAnya athavA ekAnta vizeSa ke pratipAdana kA artha hogA dravyarahita paryAya aura paryAyarahita dravya kA pratipAdana / vastutaH koI bhI vicAra yA vacana ekAnta sAmAnya yA vizeSa ke AdhAra para pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA / donoM sApekSa rahakara hI yathArtha kA pratipAdana kara sakate haiM / vRttikAra abhayadevasUri niyama kA ullekha karate haiM - yat yadAtmakaM bhavati tat tadbhAve na bhavati5 / siddhasena kahate haiM ki sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSa kA aura vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kA sadbhAva kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai / jisa prakAra eka hI puruSa sambandhoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa pitA, putra, bhAnjA, mAmA Adi ke rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA pukArA jAtA hai, usI prakAra eka aura nirvizeSa hone para bhI sAmAnya bhinna-bhinna indriyoM ke sambandha se bhinna rUpa meM vyahRta hotA hai| vahI sAmAnya jaba netragrAhya hotA hai to rUpa, evaM zrotagrAhya hotA hai to zabda kahalAtA hai / ataH guNa vastutaH dravya se bhinna nahIM hai, paramArthataH sattA dravya kI hI hai26 / kiyA hai| ve abhedavAdI vicAra kA isa aMza taka to samarthana karate haiM ki sambandha vizeSa ke kAraNa vahI sAmAnya dravya bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM vyavahRta hotA hai, parantu yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki jahA~ eka hI indriya ke sambandha se sambaddha do vastuoM meM viSamatA parilakSita hotI hai, vahA~ isakI upapatti kaise ho / udAharaNArtha - eka samAna do kRSNa padArthoM kA cakSu ke sAtha sambandha hone para 'ye kRSNa varNa vAle haiM' itanA to bodha ho jAtA hai para vaha kisI dUsare kRSNa padArtha se anantaguNA kRSNa hai yA asaMkhyaguNA isa bheda kA jJAna sambandha mAtra se kaise hogA? eka hI puruSa bhinna-bhinna sambandhoM ke kAraNa pitA, putra, bhAI, mAmA ke rUpa

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122 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA meM pahacAnA to jAtA hai, parantu vahI puruSa eka kI apekSA lambA aura dUsare kI apekSA choTA yA moTA, dubalA Adi kaise ghaTita hogA isa viSamatA ko pratibhAsa yA kalpanA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / AgamoM meM bhI eka paramANu kA dUsare paramANu kA anantaguNA bheda varNita hai / isI prakAra varNa, rasa, gandha Adi ke avAntara bhedoM meM SaDguNa hAni-vRddhi kI dRSTi tAratamya nirUpita hai, ataH yaha mAtra kalpanA yA AropaNa nahIM hai / isa prakAra dravya aura guNoM ke bIca ekAnta bheda yA abheda na mAnakara bhedAbheda hI mAnanA caahie| guNa aura paryAya : ekArthaka yA bhinnArthaka yahA~ yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai ki guNa aura paryAya ekArthaka hai yA bhinnAtmaka / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM dravya, guNa, paryAya tInoM kA svatantra lakSaNa nirUpita hai8 / umAsvAti, kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ne dravya aura guNa tathA guNa aura paryAya meM arthabheda batAyA hai / artha kahane se dravya, guNa aura paryAya tInoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / siddhasena divAkara ne guNa aura paryAya kA abhedapakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne dravya aura paryAya ina do ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| unakA yaha vicAra Agama sammata hai - do uNa NayA bhagavayA davvaThyi-pajjavATThiyA niyamA / etto ya guNavisese guNaTThiyaNao vi jujjaMto / jaM puNa arihayA tesu tesu suttesu goyamAINaM / pajjavasaNNA NiyamA vAgariyA teNa pajjAyA // 9 arthAt bhagavAna ne dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do hI naya nizcita kiye haiN| yadi paryAya se bhinna guNa hotA to guNArthika naya bhI unheM nizcita karanA cAhie thA / cU~ki arhatoM ne una-una sUtroM meM gautama Adi ke samakSa paryAya saMjJA nizcita karake usI kA vivecana kiyA hai, ataH paryAya se bhinna guNa nahIM hai / dhyAtavya hai ki paryAyAthika naya se bhinna guNArthika naya kI udbhAvanA karate hue guNa kA nirAsa tathA guNa aura paryAya meM abheda prasthApanA kA sarvaprathama prayAsa siddhasena ne kiyA hai / akalaMka aura vidyAnandI ne bheda-abheda donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| akalaMka ne 'guNaparyAyavadravyam' kI paribhASA meM likhA hai ki guNa hI paryAya hai, kyoMki guNa aura paryAya donoM meM samAnAdhikaraNya hai / prazna ho sakatA hai ki guNa aura paryAya jaba ekArthaka haiM to 'guNavatdravyam' yA 'paryAyavadravyam' aisA nirdeza honA cAhie thA - guNaparyAyavadrvyam kyoM / isakA samAdhAna karate hue vArtikakAra likhate haiM ki vastutaH dravya se bhinna guNa upalabdha nahIM hote| dravya kA pariNamana hI paryAya hai aura guNa usI pariNamana kI eka abhivyakti hai| tattvataH guNa aura paryAya meM abheda hai / dravya aura paryAya kA bhedAbhedavAda dravya meM guNa aura paryAya donoM rahate haiM / guNa kA artha hai-sahabhAvI dharma yA hamezA rahane vAle dharma tathA paryAya kA artha hai kramabhAvI dharma yA parivartana ko prApta hote rahane vAle dharma / siddhasena ne Agamika saMdarbho ke AdhAra para guNa aura paryAya ke dvaita kA nirAkaraNa kara donoM kI ekArthatA siddha kI / aba jaba guNa aura paryAya eka haiM to dravya aura paryAya kA kyA saMbandha hai, yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai /

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandhaHsiddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 123 nyAya-vaizeSika Adi bhedavAdI hone ke kAraNa guNa, karma Adi kA dravya se bheda mAnate haiM tathA sAMkhya aura vedAntI unakA abheda / jaina dArzanika donoM meM bhedAbheda kA sambandha mAnate haiN| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai - 'jo AyA se vinnAyA, je vinAyA se AyA 0 arthAt jo AtmA hai, vahI vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai, vahI AtmA hai| prathamadRSTyA yaha sUtra abheda kA vAcaka pratIta hotA hai para jaisA ki niyuktikAra ne kahA hai - 'Natthi jiNavayaNaM NayavihUNaM' kisI bhI kathana ke hArda ko sApekSatA ke AdhAra para hI samajhA jA sakatA hai / jJAna AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa hai jo badalatA bhI rahatA hai, ataH paryAya dRSTi se donoM bhinna bhI haiM, kintu phala kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to AtmA kI jJAna se abhinnatA siddha hotI hai / jJAna kA phala hai virati / mithyAdRSTi ko jJAna nahIM hotA aura na hI virati isalie usakA jJAna ajJAna kahalAtA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM 'AyA bhaMte siya NANe, siya aNNANe, NANe puNa niyama AyA' kahakara sUtrakAra ne AtmA ko jJAna se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hai / AtmA jJAna kA pariNAma hai, ata: vaha niyamataH AtmA hI hai| isI prakAra dravya aura paryAya donoM kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna haiN| siddhasena divAkara ke anusAra dravyAthika naya kA viSaya hai - dravya aura paryAya donoM kathaMcita bhinna aura kathaMcita abhinna haiM / siddhasena kA mata hai ki donoM naya alaga-alaga mithyAdRSTi haiM / donoM meM se kisI eka naya kA viSaya sat kA lakSaNa nahIM banatA / sAmAnya aura vizeSa milakara hI sat kA lakSaNa banate haiM, ataH dravya aura paryAya donoM bhinnAbhinna haiM / dravya : utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA samanvaya 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' isa paribhASA ke anusAra utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI samanvita avasthA hI sat yA dravya kahalAtI hai / sthAnAMga 2 meM ise mAtRkApada kahA gayA hai / jisa prakAra samasta zAstroM kA AdhAra akAra Adi varNAkSara haiM, usI prakAra samasta tattvamImAMsA kA AdhAra yaha tripadI hai| anyatra yaha 'uppannei vA vigamai vA dhuveI vA' isa rUpa meM bhI prApta hotA hai / siddhasena divAkara ne umAsvAti ke dravya ke lakSaNa ko yathAvat mAnA hai / unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve pUrva pracalita dravya ke svarUpa ko yathAvat svIkAra karate hue bhI usakA naya dRSTi se vivecana karate haiM / sanmati-prakaraNa ke anusAra paryAyArthika naya kI dRSTi se sabhI padArtha niyama se utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM / dravyArthika naya kI dRSTi se sabhI padArtha sarvadA ke lie utpatti aura vinAza rahita hI haiM / utpatti aura nAza rUpa paryAyoM se rahita dravya nahIM hotA aura dravya arthAt dhruvAMza se rahita koI paryAya nahIM hotii| kahA bhI hai davvaM pajjavaviyuyaM davvaviuttA ya pajjavA Natthi / uppAya-Trii-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkhaNaM eyaM3 // yaha tripadI hI vastu kI anaMtadharmAtmakatA kA AdhAra hai / vastu ke trayAtmaka svarUpa kA samarthana samantabhadra, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa", amRtacaMdrasUri 6, jinadAsagaNi" tathA abhayadevasUri 8 Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI kiyA hai|

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124 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kA bhedAbhedavAda utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA samanvita rUpa hI dravya yA sat hai / parantu ina tInoM kA paraspara kyA sambandha hai, ye tInoM eka sAtha hote haiM yA krama se, tInoM kA kAla bhinna hai yA abhinna ? Adi prazna mahattvapUrNa haiM / umAsvAti ne 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' kaha kara sat kI avadhAraNA to dI, lekina utpAda Adi ke paraspara sambandha kI unhoMne koI carcA nahIM kii| siddhasena divAkara ne isa avadhAraNA para nayadRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai / unake anusAra tiNNi vi uppAyAI abhiNNakAlA yA bhiNNakAlA ya / atyaMtaraM aNatyaMtaraM ca daviyAhi NAyavvA // 1 arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM kA kAla bhinna bhI aura abhinna bhii| isI prakAra utpAdavyaya-dhrauvya rUpa yaha lakSaNa bhI lakSyabhUta dravya yA sat se bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhI / kramavartI do paryAyoM ko lekara unake utpAda aura vinAza kA yadi vicAra kareM to unheM samakAlIna kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jisa samaya pUrva paryAya kA vigama (nAza) hotA hai, usI samaya uttara paryAya kA utpAda hotA hai| utpAda aura vinAza ke samaya vastu sAmAnya dharma kI apekSA sthira rahatI hai, ataH tInoM abhinnakAlika haiM / yadi hama eka hI paryAya kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to utpAda Adi tInoM ko bhinnakAlika mAnanA hogA / kramavartI paryAyoM meM jahA~ pUrva paryAya kA antima kSaNa hI uttara paryAya kA Adi kSaNa hotA hai vahIM eka hI paryAya kA Adi kSaNa aura antima kSaNa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai / mRttikA ke nAza ve ghaTa ke utpAda kA eka hI samaya ho sakatA hai, para ghaTa ke utpAda aura ghaTa ke vinAza kA eka samaya nahIM ho sktaa| eka hI paryAya ke utpatti aura vinAza kI taraha sthiti kA kAla bhI bhinna hI hogA / utpAda kA samaya arthAt usakA prAraMbhika samaya aura vinAza arthAt usakA antima samaya siddhasena divAkara ne aMgulI ke dRSTAMta se aura spaSTa kiyA hai - aMgulI eka vastu hai / aMgulI ke AkuMcana aura prasaraNa kA kAla eka hI nahIM ho sakatA 59| vakratA aura saralatA eka hI vastu meM eka hI kAla meM sambhava na hone se kramavartI hai| do kramavartI paryAyoM meM utpAda aura nAza kA kAla bheda nahIM hotA, isalie jo samaya aMgulI ke AkuMcana rUpa avasthA ke utpAda kA hai vahI samaya usake prasaraNa rUpa avasthA ke vyaya kA hai| donoM hI avasthAoM meM aMgulI nAmaka vastu sthira hai / ata: eka hI aMgulI meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM kI samakAlikatA siddha hotI hai| siddhasena ne utpAda Adi ke bhedAbheda traikAlikatA kI siddhi kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai, usake mUla meM unakI anekAntika dRSTi hai| unhoMne pratyeka virodhI avadhAraNA ke samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki mahA sattA rUpa dravya tathA aMtima avibhAjya aMza paryAya se atirikta sabhI paryAya padArtha dravya aura paryAya ke ubhaya rUpa hote haiM / dravya aura paryAya donoM milakara hI sat kA sarvAMga lakSaNa banate haiM / dravya ke sandarbha meM unhoMne paryAya ko hI mAnA hai tathA guNa ko paryAya meM hI sanniviSTa mAnA hai| tadanusAra guNArthika naya kI parikalpanA karate hue bhI mUlataH dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina do nayoM meM hI samUcI

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandhaHsiddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 125 tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA ko antarbhAvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| anekAnta ke AdhArarUpa isa dravya, guNa, paryAya ke sandarbha meM siddhasena ke vicAra jahA~ aneka aMzoM meM Agama-vicAra-saraNi kA samarthana karate haiM vahIM, unake katipaya svopajJa mantavyoM kI bhI puSTi karate haiM / saMdarbha 1. jainendra vyAkaraNa 4:1:158 2. tattvArthasUtra 5/29 3. pravacanasAra, jJeyAdhikAra-3 4. anuyogadvAra 255 4. Dr. Padmarajiah, Jain theories of Reality and Knowledge, Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay 1963 p.26 6. tattvArthasUtra 5/29 7. sanmatiprakaraNa 1/12 8. vahI-1/31 9. dhavalA 1/1/1/1/17/6 10. AcArAMgasUtra 1/1/5 11. tattvArthasUtra 5/41 12. jainasiddhAnta dIpikA 1/38, jainendrasiddhAnta koza, bhAga-2, pR.243 13. tattvArthavArtika 27 14. svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti paryAya iti paryAyasya vyutpatti, nayacakra, zruta. pR.57 15. uttarAdhyayana 28/6 16. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1/31, 1/15, dhavalA pu0 pR084 17. sarvArthasiddhi-1/33 18. tattvArthasUtra 5/41 19. paMcAstikAya tA0 vR016/35/12 20. sanmati-prakaraNa 1/30 para paM0sukhalAlajI evaM paM0 becaradAsajI kA vivecana 21. uttarAdhyayana 28/13 22. kriyAvad guNavat samavAyikAraNaM dravyam, vaize0 sUtra 1/1/15 23. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/8 24. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/8 para paM0sukhalAlajI kI vyAkhyA pR063 25. DhAla 2, doharA-10 sanmati-tarka-prakaraNam, abhayadevasUrikRta vRtti, sUtra 3/8 kI vyAkhyA meM uddhRta / 26. paMcAstikAya 46

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126 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 27. syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 27 28. jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma (Do0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha) khaMDa 7 pR0103 29. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/23 30. vahI 3/24 31. paMcAstikAya-67 32. syAdvAdamaMjarI-14 kI vyAkhyA 33. jaina-darzana, DaoN0mahendra kumAra jaina, pR0144 34. tattvArthavArtika 5/2/9 35. sanmati-tarka-prakaraNam, abhayadevasUrikRta vRtti 36. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/17-18 37. vahI, 3/20, 21, 22 38. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a028, gAthA-6 39. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/10-11 40. AcArAMga-1/5/5 41. bhagavatI 12/206 42. sthAnAMgasUtra-10/46 43. sanmati-prakaraNa 1/12 44. AptamImAMsA-59-60 45. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-2666 46. paMcAstikAya, gA011 kI TIkA 47. dazavaikAlika, jinadAsagaNicUrNi, pR0410 48. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/35 49. sanmati-prakaraNa 3/37 50. darzana kA nayA prasthAna, Do0sAdhvI muditayazA, pR0176

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13 nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke Aloka meM varNita paryAya kI avadhAraNA jayakumAra upAdhye jaina dharma AtmavAdI dharma hai, vyaktivAdI nahIM hai / samatAvAdI dharma hai| vyaktivAda kA artha hai apane svArtha para kendrita rahakara kevala apane bAre meM hI soce / samAja, rASTra, vizva ke samasta jIvoM ke hitoM kI upekSA kre| jisa dharma kA samasta AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra ahiMsA kI dhurI para hI kendrita ho vaha dharma vyaktivAdI nahIM ho sakatA / isa pavitra dharma darzana kA vikAsa mAtra tattva jJAna kI bhUmi para na hokara punIta AcAra ke pakSa para ArUr3ha hai / vizva do dravyoM se nirmita hai| "jIvamajIvaM davvaM" (dravya saMgraha) pahalA jIva aura dUsarA ajIva nAmaka do dravya haiM / jIva dravya meM cetanA, jJAna, sukha Adi guNa haiM / ajIva dravya acetana hai, jise pudgala kahate haiM / usake pAMca bheda haiM / pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla / ye sabhI dravya anAdi kAla se haiM aura ananta kAla taka rheNge| yaha cha: dravya lokAkAza meM eka sAtha (ekAkSetrAvagAhI) rahane para bhI apane-apane dravyatva kI svataMtra sattA ko kabhI nahIM chor3ate / pudgala rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza guNa se yukta hai / dharma dravya jIva pudgala ke gamana kA sahakArI hai / adharma dravya jIva aura pudgaloM ko Thaharane meM udAsIna nimitta hai / AkAza dravya saba dravyoM ko avakAza (sthAna) pradAna karatA hai / kAla dravya kA upakAra saba dravyoM ko vartanA hai / sabhI dravya apane hI pariNamanoM ke kartA haiM / dUsare dravya ke pariNamana ke kartA nahIM hai / parantu eka dUsare ke pariNamanoM meM nimitta mAtra haiM / pravacanasAra graMtha ke prathama adhyAya meM AcArya kundakunda deva ne jineMdra deva ke zabda brahma meM dravya kI vyavasthA isa prakAra batAyI hai / davvANi guNA tesiM pajjAyA aTThasaNNayA bhaNiyA / tesu guNapajjAyANaM appA davvaM tti uvadeso // - prava0 - // 1/87 // tAtparya :- dravya, guNa, paryAya ye artha nAma se kahe gaye haiM, 'aryate nizcIyate iti arthaH' isa

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128 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA nirukti ke anusAra dravya, guNa, paryAya jAne jAte haiM / isa kAraNa se ve artha kahalAte haiM / dravya, guNa, paryAya ko artha kahane para bhI sat dravya hI hai / guNa paryAya usa sadbhUta dravya kI vizeSatAyeM haiM / guNa va paryAyeM sIdhe nahIM jAne jAte, parantu guNa va paryAya rUpa se dravya ke bAre meM jAnane se guNa kA va paryAya kA jAnanA kahA hai / jo prApta kiyA jAye vaha artha hai, jo guNa paryAyoM ko prApta kare vaha artha dravya hai| Azraya bhUta arthoM ke dvArA jo prApta kiyA jAye vaha artha guNa hai / krama pariNAma se dravya ke dvArA jo prApta kiyA jAye vaha paryAya hai / guNa va paryAyoM kA sarvasva dravya hI hai, kyoMki guNa va paryAya dravya se pRthak nahIM hai / pratyeka dravya apane guNa, paryAya se tanmaya hai, anya dravya ke guNa aura paryAya aura atyaMta judA hai| dravyoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jJAna hone para moha kA kSaya ho jAtA hai / yathArtha svarUpa AgamoM meM varNita hai, ataH una zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA sAdhaka kA parama kartavya hai| isalie zAstra adhyayana ko moha kSaya kA upAya batAyA hai| dravya meM guNa aura paryAyeM hotI haiM (guNaparyAyavat dravyam ) tttvaa-||5/38|| guNa sadA rahate haiN| kabhI naSTa nahIM hote haiM / paryAyeM pratikSaNa utpanna aura naSTa hotI rahatI hai| ataH guNoM kI dRSTi se dravya nitya hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya va kSaNabhaMgura hai / yaha nitya-anityatA sApekSa hai / AcArya kundakunda deva ne paMcAstikAya graMtha meM dravya kA lakSaNa batAyA hai - davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNapajjayArAyaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU // - paJcAstikAya // 10 // jinendra deva ne dravya kA lakSaNa sat (sadravyalakSaNam / tattvA - // 5/29 // ) batAyA hai, jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se saMyukta hai / vaha dravya hai / tathA jo guNa va paryAya kA Azraya hai, vaha dravya hai| jisameM pratisamaya utpatti, vinAza aura sthiratA pAI jAtI hai, vahI sat hai| miTTI se ghaTa banAte samaya miTTI kI piMDa rUpa paryAya naSTa ho jAtI hai, ghaTa paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura miTTI kAyama rahatI hai| aisA nahIM hai ki piMDa paryAya kA nAza pRthak samaya meM hotA hai aura ghaTa paryAya kI utpatti pRthak meM hotI hai| kintu jo samaya pahale paryAya ke nAza kA hai. vahI samaya Age kI paryAya kI utpAda kA hai| isa taraha pratisamaya pUrva paryAya kA nAza aura Age kI paryAya kI utpatti ke hote hue bhI dravya kAyama rahatA hai / ataH vastu pratisamaya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahI jAtI hai / utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyayuktaM sat (tattvA-5/30) ___Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu parivartanazIla hai aura usameM vaha parivartana prati samaya hotA rahatA hai| jaise eka bAlaka kucha samaya bAda yuvA ho jAtA hai, aura kucha samaya ke bAda bUr3hA ho jAtA hai| bacapana se yuvApana aura yuvApana se bur3hApA ekadama nahIM A jAtA hai parantu pratisamaya bacce meM jo parivartana hotA rahatA hai vahI kucha samaya bAda yuvApana ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / prati samaya hone vAlA parivartana itanA sUkSma hai ki use hama dekha sakane meM asamartha haiM / isa parivartana ke hote hue bhI usa bacce meM ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa bar3A ho jAne para bhI hama use pahacAna lete haiM / yadi aisA na mAnakara dravya ko kevala nitya hI mAna liyA jAye to usameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana ke hote hue bhI usa bacce meM

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nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke Aloka meM varNita paryAya kI avadhAraNA 129 ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa bar3A ho jAne para bhI hama use pahacAna lete haiN| yadi aisA na mAnakara dravya ko kevala nitya hI mAna liyA jAye to usameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM ho sakegA aura yadi kevala anitya hI mAna liyA jAye to AtmA ke sarvathA kSaNika hone se, pahale jAne hue kA smaraNa nahIM bana skegaa| ataH pratyeka dravya, utpAda, vinAza aura dhrauvya svabhAva vAlA hai| cUMki dravya meM guNa dhruva hote haiM aura paryAya utpAda-vinAzazIla hotI hai, ataH guNaparyAyAtmaka kaho yA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka kaho donoM kA eka hI abhiprAya hai / dravya ke ina donoM lakSaNoM meM vAstava meM koI bheda nahIM hai, kintu eka lakSaNa se dUsare kA vyaJjana mAtra hai| jaina darzana ke dravya-guNa-paryAya siddhAnta ke pratipAdana kA maharSi pataJjalI ne bhI apane mahAbhASya meM ullekha kiyA hai / dravya nitya hai aura paryAya anitya hai / suvarNa kisI eka viziSTa AkAra se piNDa rUpa hotA hai / piNDa rUpa kA vinAza karake usase mAlA banAI jAtI hai| mAlA kA vinAza karake usase kar3e banAye jAte haiM / kar3oM ko tor3akara usase svastika banAye jAte haiM / use jalAkara phira suvarNa piNDa ho jAtA hai / isa prakara sonA jo pIle raMga kA hai vaha dravya vahI rahatA hai, parantu usake aneka paryAya vinAza hokara aneka paryAya utpanna hote haiM / AptamImAMsA meM likhate haiM - ghaTa-maulI-suvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zoka-pramode mAdhyasthaM jano yAti sahetukam // - AptamImAMsA - // 69 / / eka rAjA ke pAsa eka sone kA ghar3A hai / rAjA ke eka putra aura eka putrI hai / putrI sone kA ghaTa cAhatI hai, parantu rAjaputra ghaTa ko tor3akara mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA ghaTa ko tur3avAkara mukuTa banA detA hai / ghaTa ke nAza se putrI duHkhI hotI hai / mukuTa ke utpAda se putra prasanna hotA hai, parantu rAjA suvarNa kA icchuka hai / jo ki ghaTa TUTakara mukuTa bana jAne para bhI kAyama rahatA hai / ataH rAjA ko na zoka hotA hai na harSa / ataH vastu trayAtmaka hai / uppAdaTThidibhaMgA vijjaMte pajjaesu pajjAyA / davve hi saMti NiyadaM tamhA davvaM havadi savvaM // - pravacanasAra - // 101 // utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya paryAyoM meM hotA hai aura paryAyeM dravya meM sthita hai tathya yaha hai ki kisI bhAva arthAt sat kA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt sat kA utpAda nahIM hotA sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rUpa se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta rahate haiM / vizva meM jitane sat haiM, ve traikAlika haiM / unakI saMkhyA meM kabhI parivartana nahIM hotA; para unake guNa aura paryAyoM meM parivartana avazya hotA hai, isakA apavAda nahIM ho sakatA hai| pratyeka sat pariNamanazIla hone se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hai| vaha pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara uttara paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai / usake pUrva paryAyoM ke vyaya aura uttara paryAyoM ke utpAda kI yaha dhArA anAdi ananta hai, kabhI bhI vicchinna nahIM hotI / cetana athavA acetana sabhI prakAra ke sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI paramparA se yukta hai / yaha vilakSaNa padArtha kA maulika dharma hai, ataH use pratikSaNa pariNamana

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130 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA karanA hI cAhie / ye pariNamana kabhI sadRza hote haiM aura kabhI visadRza tathA ye kabhI eka-dUsare ke nimitta se bhI prabhAvita hote haiM / utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI pariNamana-paramparA kabhI bhI samApta nahIM hotI / agaNita aura ananta parivartana hone para bhI vastu kI sattA kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI aura na kabhI usakA maulika dravyatva hI naSTa hotA hai| usakA guNa-paryAyAtmaka svarUpa banA rahatA hai / ___ AcArya kundakunda ne 'samayasAra' ko kevala adhyAtma dRSTi se likhA hai / isalie usameM nizcaya naya kA hI prAdhAnya hai / AcArya ne AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke sAtha zAstrIya dRSTi ko bhI prazraya diyA hai / ____ 'samayasAra' jaina darzana meM eka advitIya grantha hai, kyoMki zuddha naya kI dRSTi se Atma tattva kA vivecana karane vAlA grantha hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi meM nizcaya tathA vyavahAra naya kA nirUpaNa hai tathA zAstrIya dRSTi se dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika evaM naigama Adi sAta bheda batalAe haiM / dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya nizcaya naya meM samA jAte haiM / vyavahAra naya meM kevala upacAra kA kathana raha jAtA hai / nizcaya naya vastu ke ekatva, abhinnatva, svAzrita, paranirapekSa, traikAlika svabhAva ko jAnane vAlA naya hai| apane guNa paryAyAoM se abhinna AtmA ke kAlika svabhAva ko AcAryoM ne nizcaya naya kA viSaya mAnA hai aura karma ke nimitta se hone vAlI AtmA kI pariNati ko vyavahAra naya kA viSaya kahA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi vikAroM ko AtmA ke svabhAva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| cUki ve pudgala ke nimitta se hote haiM / isI prakAra guNasthAna jo AtmA ke kramika vikAsa ke sopAna haiM ve jIva kA svabhAva nahIM banate / nizcaya naya svabhAva ke viSaya ko varNita karatA hai vibhAva ko nahIM / jo sva meM sadA rahatA hai, vaha svabhAva hai jaise-jIva ke jJAna, darzana Adi / jo sva meM para ke nimitta se hote haiM, ve vibhAva hai jaise-jIva meM krodhAdi / vibhAva AtmA meM para ke nimitta se hote haiM, ve Agantuka vavahAro'bhUdattho bhUdatthe desido du suddhaNao / bhUdatthamassido khalu sammAdiTThI havadi jIvo // - samayasAra // 11 / / AcArya kunda-kunda vibhAvoM ko hI vyavahAra kA viSaya mAnate haiM / nizcayanaya ko bhUtArtha vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha kahakara, nizcayanaya kI pramukhatA batalAI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmasvarUpa ke khyAti ko hI samyak darzana kahA hai| AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa nizcaya meM hI vicAra karatA hai| kintu vyavahAra naya bAhya svarUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vastu kA vicAra karatA hai / parivartana evaM paryAya vastu ke bAhya svarUpa meM hI dRSTigocara hotI haiM, Antarika meM nahIM / sat ke sambandha meM cAra mAnyatAyeM pracalita haiM - 1. sat eka aura nitya hai| 2. sat nAnA aura utpAda-vyaya-pariNamanazIla hai / 3. sat kAraNa dravyoM kI apekSA nitya aura kArya dravyoM kI apekSA anitya hai / 4. sat cetana hai, asat acetana hai / cetana nitya hai aura acetana pariNAmI nitya hai /

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nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke Aloka meM varNita paryAya kI avadhAraNA 131 paryAya svarUpa nirdhAraNa evaM bheda ___ dravya kI pariNati ko paryAya kahate haiM / paryAya kA vAstavika artha vastu kA aMza hai / 'parisamantAdAyaH paryAya' - jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare, vaha paryAya hai| AlApapaddhati nyAya grantha meM paryAya zabda kI vyutpatti batAte haiM ki - svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryati pariNamatIti paryAyaH iti / prati samaya meM guNoM kI hone vAlI avasthA kA nAma paryAya hai / vyavahAra, vikalpa, bheda aura paryAya ekArthaka hai / paMcAdhyAyI ke prathama adhyAya padya naM0-165 meM paryAya kramavartI, anitya, vyatirekI, utpAda-vyayarUpa aura kathaMcita dhrauvyAtmaka hotI hai| paryAya ke do bheda haiM / 1. vyaJjana paryAya 2. artha paryAya pradezatva guNa kI apekSA se kisI AkAra ko prApta kiye dravya kI jo pariNati hotI hai, use vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiM aura anya guNoM kI apekSA SaDguNa hAni vRddhi rUpa jo pariNati hotI hai, use artha paryAya kahate haiM / ina donoM paryAyoM ke svabhAva aura vibhAva kI apekSA se do-do bheda hote haiM / svanimittaka paryAya svabhAva paryAya hai| parinimittaka paryAya vibhAva paryAya hai| jIva aura pudgala ko chor3akara zeSa cAra dravyoM kA pariNamana svanimittaka hotA hai| ataH unameM svabhAva paryAya sarvadA rahatI hai| jIva aura pudgala kI jo paryAya paranimittaka hai, vaha vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI hai| para kA nimitta dUra ho jAne para jo paryAya hotI hai, vaha svabhAva paryAya kahI jAtI hai| nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya kI paribhASAyeM haiM - NicchayavavahAraNayA mUlima bheyA NayANa savvANaM / Nicchaya sAhaNa heU davvaya pajjatthiyA muNata / - nayacakra // 182 // samasta nayoM meM pradhAnataH se 2 naya hai - 1.nizcaya naya 2. vyavahAra naya nizcaya naya inhIM donoM ke vikalpa haiM / "jJAtA ke hRdaya ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiN|" nayacakrakAra mAilladhavala likhate haiM :- jo eka vastu ke dharmoM meM kathaMcit bheda va upacAra karatA hai, use vyavahAra naya kahate haiM aura usase viparIta nizcaya naya hotA hai / AlApa paddhati meM abheda aura anupacAra rUpa se vastu kA nizcaya karanA nizcaya naya hai aura bheda tathA upacAra rUpa se vastu kA vyavahAra karanA vyavahAra naya hai| tattvAnuzAsana ke anusAra jisakA abhinna kartA-karma Adi viSaya hai, vaha vyavahAra naya hai / amRtacaMdrAcArya kI AtmakhyAti TIkA ke anusAra - __ 'AtmAzrito nizcayanayaH parAzrito vyavahAranayaH' AtmAzrita kathana ko nizcaya naya tathA parAzrita kathana ko vyavahAra naya kahate haiM / paMDitapravara ToDaramalajI ne nizcaya vyavahAra kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai|

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132 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 1. sacce nirUpaNa ko nizcaya aura upacarita nirUpaNa ko vyavahAra kahate haiN| 2. eka hI dravya ke bhAva ko usa rUpa hI kahanA nizcaya naya hai aura upacAra se yukta dravya ke bhAva ko anya dravya ke bhAvarUpa kahanA vyavahAranaya hai / 3. jisa dravya kI pariNati ho, use usa hI kA kahanA nizcaya naya hai aura use hI anya dravya kA kahane vAlA vyavahAra naya hai / 4. vyavahAra naya svadravya ko, para-dravya ko va unake bhAvoM ko va kAraNa kAryAdika ko kisI ko kisI meM milAkara nirUpaNa karatA hai tathA nizcaya naya unhIM ko yathAvat nirUpaNa karatA hai, kisI ko kisI se nahIM milAtA hai| ukta samasta paribhASAoM para dhyAna dene para nimnalikhita niSkarSa nikalate haiM :1. nizcaya naya kA viSaya abheda hai aura vyavahAra naya kA bheda / 2. nizcaya naya saccA nirUpaNa karatA hai aura vyavahAra naya upacarita / 3. nizcaya naya satyArtha hai aura vyavahAra naya asatyArtha / 4. nizcaya naya AtmAzrita kathana karatA hai aura vyavahAra naya parAzrita / 5. nizcaya naya asaMyogI kathana karatA hai aura vyavahAra naya saMyogI / ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI viSaya vastu aura kathana zailI meM mAtra bheda hI nahIM hai apitu virodha dikhAI detA hai, kyoMki jisa viSayavastu ko nizcaya naya abheda akhaMDa kahatA hai, vyavahAra usI bheda meM bheda batAne lagatA hai aura jina do vastuoM ko vyavahAra eka batAtA hai, nizcaya ke anusAra ve kadApi eka nahIM ho sakatI hai / __mATI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA kahanA vyavahAra hai para yaha vyavahAra jhUThA hai, kyoMki ghar3A ghI maya nahIM hai, kintu mATI maya hai| usI prakAra dravya ko nizcaya aura paryAya ko vyavahAra kahate haiM / aura yaha vyavahAra ghI ke ghar3e kI bhAti jhUThA hai aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra ghar3A ghI maya nahIM hai, usI prakAra paryAya hai hI nahIM yaha bAta nahIM hai / paryAya astirUpa hai / rAga paryAya asadbhUta vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai / ina paryAyoM ko abhUtArtha kahA hai - isa kAraNa ve paryAya hai hI nahIM, ghI ke ghar3e ke samAna jhUThI hai aisA nahIM hai| kSAyika Adi cAra bhAvoM ko paradravya aura parabhAva kahA isase ve paryAyeM haiM hI nahIM, jhUThI hai aisA nahIM hai / ghar3A kumhAra ne banAyA aisA kahanA jaise jhUThA hai, usI prakAra azuddha paryAyoM ko vyavahAra kahA / ataH ye paryAyeM bhI jhUThI hai - aisA nahIM hai / jIvatva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva Adi paryAya naya ke viSaya hai; ataH vyavahAra naya se bhUtArtha hai| rAjamArga to yahI hai ki hama nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kA svarUpa samajhakara, vyavahAra naya aura usakA viSaya chor3akara tathA nizcaya naya ke bhI vikalpa ko tor3akara, nizcayanaya kI viSayabhUta vastu kA Azraya lekara naya pakSAtIta, vikalpAtIta AtmAnubhUti ko prApta kare /

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nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke Aloka meM varNita paryAya kI avadhAraNA 133 Agama meM paryAyoM kA vargIkaraNa cAra vibhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai :1. anAdi ananta paryAya - jo anAdikAla se aura anantakAla taka rahegI, use anAdi ananta paryAya kahate haiM / jaise sumerU parvata, akRtrimajinabiMba va caityAlaya Adi / 2. anAdisAMta paryAya - jo paryAya hai vo anAdikAla se hai para jinakA aMta ho jAtA hai, unheM anAdi sAMta kahate haiM / jaise jIva ko saMsAraparyAya / 3. sAdi sAMta paryAya - jo paryAya na to anAdi hai aura na ananta hai, unheM sAdi sAMta kahate haiM / jaise jIva ke manuSya paryAya Adi / eka samaya kI paryAya bhI isI meM samAhita haiM / 4. sAdi ananta paryAya - jo paryAyeM anAdi nahIM hai, para anantakAla taka rahane vAlI haiM, unheM sAdi ananta kahate haiM, jaise-jIva kI siddhaparyAya / - siddho meM vIrya guNa hai vaha ananta vijJAna evaM ananta darzana ke mAdhyama se trikAlavartI samasta dravya va samasta paryAyoM kI jAnane kI pravRtti karatA hai| anaMtavijJAnamanaMtadRSTi dravyeSu ca paryayeSu / vyApArayantaM hatasaMkarAdi siddhatravIryAkhya guNaM nyAsAmi // paryAya saMsAra kA sUcaka haiM, isalie paryAya rahita una siddha parameSTi ke 'niSpIta anaMta guNa paryAya guNa' ko praNAma karake viSaya ko virAma detA huuN| isalie ki unhoMne saMsAra ke anaMta paryAyoM ko nizcaya pUrvaka pAna karake siddha pada pA cuke haiM / *

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14 paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya : RjusUtranaya anekAnta kumAra jaina jaina darzana meM vastu ko samajhane va samajhAne kI dRSTi se abhiprAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA siddhAnta 'naya' kahalAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM isake sAta bheda mAne gaye haiM / ve sAta prakAra haiM - naigamanaya, saMgrahanaya, vyavahAranaya, RjusUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhirUr3hanaya, evambhUtanaya / inameM Arambha ke tIna naya dravya ko viSaya karate haiM, isalie dravyArthika naya tathA zeSa cAra paryAya ko grahaNa karate haiM, isalie paryAyArthika naya kahalAte haiM / ina sAtoM nayoM ke viSaya uttarottara kramazaH sUkSma hote cale jAte haiN| inameM mukhya rUpa se paryAya ko apanA viSaya karane vAlA RjusUtranaya kahalAtA hai| vastu kA svarUpa sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai / dravyAthika naya sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura paryAyArthika naya vizeSa ko grahaNa karatA hai / saMgrahaNa aura vyavahAra naya dravyArthika naya haiM / ye donoM naya sAmAnya meM dvaita batalAte hue usa antima vizeSa taka le jAte haiM, jisake bAda dvaita advaita saMbhava hI na ho / isa aMtima vizeSa se pUrva ke sabhI vizeSoM ko saMgraha naya to advaita rUpa se grahaNa kara letA hai aura vyavahAra naya Age-Age dvaita karatA jAtA hai| kintu yaha aMtima vizeSa na to saMgrahanaya kA viSaya bana sakatA hai aura na hI vyavahAra naya kA, kyoMki jahA dvaita hI saMbhava nahIM, vahA advaita bhI kaise dekhA jA sakegA? yaha vizeSa yA aMza hI paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai, jise RjusUtranaya grahaNa karatA hai| advaitAgrAhI saMgrahanaya ke sAtha to dvaitagrAhI vyavahAra naya rahatA hai, kintu pUrNa ekatva gata vizeSa grAhI RjusUtranaya ke sAtha anya koI nahIM rahatA, kyoMki advaita meM dvaita rahatA haiM, sAmAnya meM vizeSa rahatA hai kintu vizeSa meM anyavizeSa nahIM / isIlie dravyArthika naya kA viSaya dvaita advaita hai tathA paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya ekatva hai| ata: RjusUtra ekatvagrAhI hai / RjusUtranaya kA lakSaNa ___anuyogadvAra sUtra ke anusAra RjusUtranayavidhi-pratyunnagrAhI (vartamAna-prabhAvI paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlI) jAnanA cAhie / vizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai / vAcaka umAsvAti ke

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paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya: RjusUtranaya 135 anusAra jo vartamAna kAlavartI ghaTAdika paryAya rUpa padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, usako RjusUtranaya kahate haiM / vartamAna kSaNa meM hI vidyamAna unhIM ghaTAdika padArthoM ke jAnane ko RjusUtranaya kahate haiM / siddhasena divAkara kahate haiM ki RjusUtra naya hI paryAyArthika naya kA mUla AdhAra hai / devanandi pUjyapAda kahate haiM ki Rju kA artha praguNa hai / jo Rju arthAt sarala ko sUtrita karatA hai arthAt svIkAra karatA hai, vaha RjusUtranaya hai| yaha naya pahale hue aura pazcAt hone vAle tInoM kAloM ke viSayoM ko grahaNa na karake vartamAnakAla ke viSayabhUta padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, kyoMki atIta ke vinaSTa aura anAgata ke anutpanna hone se unameM vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA / yaha vartamAna kAla samayamAtra hai aura usake viSayabhUta paryAyamAtra ko viSaya karane vAlA yaha RjusUtra naya hai / taba prazna uThatA hai ki isa taraha to saMvyavahAra ke lopa kA prasaMga AtA hai ? kintu aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki yahA~ isa naya kA viSayamAtra dikhalAyA hai, loka saMvyavahAra to saba nayoM ke samUha kA kArya hai / AcArya akalaMkadeva ke anusAra jisa prakAra yantrAdi yA suI meM saralasUta binA kisI kaThinAI ke DAlA jAtA hai, usI taraha RjusUtranaya eka samayavartI vartamAna paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai| atIta aura anAgata cU~ki vinaSTa aura anutpanna haiM, ataH unase vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA / isakA viSaya eka kSaNavartI vartamAna paryAya hai| yaha naya vyavahAra lopa kI koI ciMtA nahIM karatA / vyavahAra to pUrvokta vyavahAra Adi nayoM se hI sadha jAtA hai / vIrasenAcArya mAnate haiM ki Rju-praguNa arthAt eka samayavartI paryAya ko jo sUtrita karatA hai arthAt sUcita karatA hai, vaha RjusUtranaya hai| isa naya kA viSaya pacyamAna pakva hai, jisakA artha kaMthacit pacyamAna aura kathaMcit uparatapAka hotA hai / ve dhavalA meM kahate haiM ki jo tIna kAla viSayaka apUrva paryAyoM ko chor3akara vartamAna kAla viSayaka paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha RjusUtranaya hai| AcArya vidyAnaMda kahate haiM ki RjusUtranaya pradhAna rUpa se kSaNa-kSaNa meM dhvaMsa hone vAlI paryAya ko vasturUpa meM viSaya karatA hai aura vahA~ vidyamAna hote hue bhI vivakSA nahIM hone se dravya kI gauNatA hai| bhAvArtha yaha hai ki RjusUtranaya kevala vartamAna kSaNavartI paryAya ko hI vastu svarUpa se viSaya karatA hai, kyoMki bhUtaparyAyeM to naSTa ho cukI haiM aura bhaviSya paryAyeM abhI utpanna hI nahIM huI haiM / ataH unase vyApAra nahIM cala sktaa| yaha isa naya kI dRSTi hai / yadyapi yaha naya dravya kA nirAsa nahIM karatA, kintu usakI ora se isakI dRSTi udAsIna hai / isI se isa naya ko paryAyAthika naya kA bheda mAnA jAtA hai| usakI dRSTi meM sabhI padArtha niyama se utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, jabaki dravyArthika naya kI dRSTi meM sabhI padArtha sarvadA utpatti aura vinAza se rahita hai| AcArya devasena mAnate haiM ki jo naya Rju arthAt avakra, sarala ko sUtrita arthAt grahaNa karatA hai, vaha RjusUtranaya hai / siddharSi ke anusAra jo kSaNakSaNa meM naSTa hone vAle paramANu rUpa vizeSa satya haiM - aisA mAnate haiM, unake saMghAta se ghaTita RjusUtra hai / 11 mAiladhavala ke anusAra jo dravya meM eka samayavartI adhruvaparyAya ko grahaNa karatA hai, use sUkSma RjusUtranaya kahate haiM / 12 vAdirAjasUri kI mAnyatA hai ki jo naya prakRSTa guNa sahita Rju arthAt sarala (mAtra vartamAna) paryAya ko sUtrita arthAt grahaNa karatA hai, vaha RjusUtranaya hai| jaise isake anusAra sarvatra vartamAna paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karanA, na pUrva kI aura na bAda kI / 13

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136 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA AcArya prabhAcandra ke anusAra Rju spaSTa rUpa vartamAna mAtra kSaNa ko, paryAya ko jAnane vAlA RjusUtranaya hai| jaise isa samaya sukha paryAya hai, ityAdi / yahA~ atItAdi dravya sat hai, kintu usakI apekSA nahIM hai, kyoMki vartamAna paryAya meM atIta paryAya to naSTa ho cukane asambhava hai aura anAgata paryAya abhI utpanna hI nahIM huI hai| isa taraha vartamAna mAtra ko viSaya karane se loka vyavahAra ke lopa kI AzaMkA bhI nahIM karanI cAhie, yahA~ kevala isI naya kA viSaya batAyA hai| loka vyavahAra to sakala nayoM ke samudAya se sampanna hotA hai / 14 vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki padArtha kI vartamAna kSaNa meM rahane vAlI paryAya ko hI pradhAna rUpa se viSaya karane vAlA abhiprAya RjusUtra naya kahalAtA hai| jaise-isa samaya sukha rUpa paryAya hai - isa vAkya se sukha paryAya kI pradhAnatA dyotita kI gayI hai, sukha-paryAya ke AdhArabhUta dravyajIva ko gauNa kara diyA gayA hai / 15 laghuanantavIrya (vi012vIM) ke anusAra pratipakSa kI apekSA rahita zuddhaparyAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA RjusUtranaya hai / 16 malliSeNa kA mAnanA hai ki vastu kI atIta aura anAgata paryAyoM ko chor3akara vartamAna kSaNa kI paryAyoM ko jAnanA RjusUtranaya kA viSaya hai / vastu kI atIta paryAya naSTa ho jAtI hai aura anAgata paryAya utpanna nahIM hotI, isalie atIta aura anAgata paryAya kharaviSANa kI taraha sampUrNa sAmarthya rahita hokara koI arthakriyA nahIM kara sakatI, isalie avastu hai, kyoMki "arthakriyA karane vAlA hI vAstava meM sat kahA jAtA hai / " vartamAna kSaNa meM vidyamAna vastu se hI samasta arthakriyA ho sakatI hai, isalie yathArtha meM vahI sat hai / ataeva vastu kA svarUpa niraMza mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki vastu ko aMza sahita mAnanA yukti se siddha nahIM hotA / zaMkA-vastu ke aneka svabhAva mAne binA vaha aneka avayavoM meM nahIM raha sakatI, isalie vastu meM aneka svabhAva mAnane cAhie / samAdhAna-yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha mAnane meM virodha AtA hai tathApi eka aura aneka paraspara virodha hone se eka svabhAva vAlI vastu meM aneka svabhAva aura aneka svabhAva-vAlI vastu meM eka svabhAva nahIM bana sakate / ataeva apane svarUpa meM sthita paramANu hI paraspara ke saMyoga se kathaMcit samUha rUpa hokara sampUrNa kAryoM meM pravRtta hote haiN| isalie RjusUtranaya kI apekSA sthUla rUpa dhAraNa na karane vAle svarUpa meM sthita paramANu hI yathArtha meM sat kahe jA sakate haiM / ataeva RjusUtra naya kI apekSA nija-svarUpa vastu hai, para-svarUpa ko anupayogI hone ke kAraNa vastu nahIM kaha sakate / 17 malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki sthiti-dhrauvya kA abhAva(gauNatva) hone se, kevala nazvara paryAya kA sadbhAva hone ke kAraNa, arthakriyAkArI hone se pAramArthika paryAya kA AzrayI RjusUtranaya hotA hai / 18 upAdhyAya yazovijaya ke anusAra Rju arthAt sirpha vartamAnakAlavartI paryAya ko mAnya karane vAlA abhiprAya RjusUtranaya hai, yathA- isa samaya sukha paryAya hai| yahA~ kSaNasthAyI sukha nAmaka paryAya ko pradhAna mAnA gayA hai, kintu usake AdhAra Atmadravya ko gauNa kara diyA hai, ataH vivakSita nahIM kiyA gayA hai|19

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137 paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya : RjusUtranaya isa prakAra RjusUtranaya kevala vartamAna kSaNavartI paryAya mAtra ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / RjusUtranaya ke bheda : AcArya siddhasena ke anusAra RjusUtranaya hI paryAya naya kA mUla AdhAra hai aura zabda Adi naya to usa RjusUtra kI hI uttarottara sUkSma bheda vAlI zAkhAyeM-prazAkhAyeM haiM / 20 kAlakRta bheda kA avalambana lekara vastuvibhAga kA Arambha hote hI RjusUtranaya mAnA jAtA hai aura vahIM se paryAyAstika naya prArambha samajhA jAtA hai| ataH siddhasena ne yahA para Rjasatranaya ko paryAyAstika naya kA mala AdhAra kahA hai| bAda ke zabdAdi jo tIna naya haiM, ve yadyapi RjusUtra naya kA avalambana lekara pravRtta hone se usI ke bheda hai, tathApi RjusUtra Adi cAroM naya paryAyAstika naya ke prakAra kahe jA sakate haiM / zabda Adi tIna naya mAtra vartamAnakAla sparzI RjusUtranaya ke AdhAra para uttarottara sUkSma vizeSatAoM ko lekara pravRtta hote haiM aura isIlie ye saba usI ke vistAra haiM / RjusUtra naya eka vRkSa jaisA hai, to zabdanaya usakI zAkhADAla hai, samabhirUr3ha usakI prazAkhA-TahanI hai aura evaMbhUta usa TahanI kI bhI pratizAkhA sabase choTI aura patalI zAkhA hai / 21 dhavalA ke anusAra viSayabheda se RjusUtranaya ke bhI do bheda ho jAte haiM22 -- 01. sUkSma RjusUtranaya (zuddha RjusUtra naya) 02. sthUla RjusUtranaya (azuddha RjusUtra naya) 01 sUkSma RjusUtra naya (zuddha RjusUtranaya) sUkSma RjusUtranaya sUkSma sat kI svataMtra sattA ko viSaya karatA hai / niravayava eka pradezI tathA eka sUkSma samaya sthAyI tathA svalakSaNabhUta svabhAva svarUpa, vyakti kI svataMtra sattA dekhane vAlI dRSTi ko sUkSmaRjusUtranaya kahate haiM / vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra artha paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA zuddha RjusUtranaya pratyeka kSaNa meM pariNamana karane vAle samasta padArthoM ko viSaya karatA huA apane viSaya se sAdRzya sAmAnya aura sadbhAva rUpa sAmAnya ko dUra karane vAlA hai / 23 devasenAcArya kahate haiM ki jo dravya meM eka samayavartI dhruva paryAya ko arthAt dravya kI kevala eka samaya pramANa sthiti ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha sUkSmaRjusUtra hai, jaise-sarva hI zabda kSaNika haiM / 24 ve AlApapaddhati meM kahate haiM ki jo naya eka samayavartI paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai, vaha sUkSma RjusUtranaya hai / 25 devasenabhaTTAraka mAnate haiM ki dravya meM samayamAtra rahane vAlI paryAya ko jo naya-grahaNa karatA hai, vaha sUkSmaRjusUtranaya kahA gayA hai| jaise - sarvakSaNika hai / 26 ve Age kahate haiM ki prati samaya pravartamAna arthaparyAya meM vasta pariNamana ko viSaya karane vAlA sakSma RjusUtranaya hai| arthaparyAya kI apekSA samayamAtra kAla hai / 27 mAilladhavala ke anusAra jo dravya meM eka samayavartI adhruvaparyAya ko grahaNa karatA hai, use sUkSma RjusUtranaya kahate haiM, jaise sabhI zabda kSaNika haiM / 28 bhAvArtha yaha hai ki jo dravya kI bhUta aura bhAvI paryAyoM ko chor3akara jo vartamAna paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, usa jJAna aura vacana ko RjusUtranaya kahate haiM / pratyeka vastu prati samaya pariNamanazIla

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138 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA hai, isalie vAstava meM to eka paryAya eka samaya taka hI rahatI hai| usa eka samayavartI paryAya ko artha paryAya kahate haiM / vaha arthaparyAya sUkSma-RjusUtranaya kA viSaya hai / 02. sthUla RjusUtranaya (azuddha RjusUtranaya) sthUla RjusUtranaya vizeSoM kI ekatA ko grahaNa karake usakI svatantra sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| vyaJjana paryAya kI svatantra sattA isakA viSaya hai / vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra azuddha RjusUtranaya cakSu indriyoM kI viSayabhUta vyaJjana paryAyoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hai| una paryAyoM kA kAla jaghanyataH antarmuhUrta taka aura utkRSTataH chaha mAha athavA saMkhyAta varSa taka hai, kyoMki cakSuindriya se grAhya vyaJjanaparyAyeM dravya kI pradhAnatA se rahita hotI huI itane kAla taka avasthita pAyI jAtI hai / 29 devasenAcArya kahate haiM ki apanI-apanI sthiti pramANa kAla meM vartamAna arthAt janma se maraNa paryanta manuSyAdi paryAyoM ko jo utane kAla taka ke lie Tikane vAlA eka svatantra padArtha mAnatA hai, vaha sthUla RjusUtra naya hai / 30 ve AlApapaddhati meM kahate haiM ki jo naya aneka samayavartI sthUlaparyAya ko viSaya karatA hai, vaha sthUla Rjasatranaya hai| jaise-manuSyAdi paryAyeM apanI-apanI Aya-pramANa kAla taka rahatI haiM / 31 devasena bhadrAraka mAnate haiM ki manuSyAdi paryAyeM apanI-apanI sthiti kAla taka rahatI hai| utane kAla taka manuSya Adi kahanA sthala Rjasatra naya hai / 32 nara-nAraka Adi aura ghaTa-ghaTa Adi vyaJjana paryAyoM meM jIvana aura padagala nAmaka padArtha pariNata hue haiN| isa prakAra kA viSaya sthUla RjusUtra naya kA hai| vyaJjana paryAya kI apekSA Arambha se avasAna taka vartamAna paryAya nizcaya karanA cAhie / 33 mAilladhavala ke anusAra jo apanI sthiti paryanta rahane vAlI manuSya Adi paryAya ko utane samaya taka manuSya rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, vaha sthUlaRjusUtranaya hai / 34 bhAvArtha yaha hai ki vyavahAra meM eka sthUla paryAya ko chor3akara jo vartamAna paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, usa jJAna aura vacana ko RjusUtranaya kahate haiN| pratyeka vastu prati samaya pariNamanazIla hai, isalie vAstava meM to eka paryAya eka samaya taka hI rahatI hai| usa eka samayavartI paryAya ko artha paryAya kahate haiM / vaha arthaparyAya sUkSma-RjusUtranaya kA viSaya hai| bhAvArtha yaha hai ki vyavahAra meM eka sthUla paryAya jaba taka rahatI hai, taba taka loga use vartamAna paryAya kahate haiM, jaise manuSya paryAya Ayuparyanta rahatI hai| aisI sthUlaparyAya ko sthUlaRjusUtranaya grahaNa karatA niSkarSa - 1. paryAya ko grahaNa karane tathA dravya ko gauNa karane vAlA RjusUtranaya kA lakSaNa aitihAsika vikAsakrama meM hameM nimna rUpa se prApta hotA hai| (a) anuyogadvAra sUtra meM kahA hai ki "RjusUtranaya vidhi-pratyutpannagrAhI arthAt vartamAna paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA / " vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bhI isakA samarthana karatA hai| RjusUtranaya

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paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya : RjusUtranaya 139 ke isI lakSaNa ko hI Age ke adhikAMza AcAryoM ne saMkSipta tathA vistAra pUrvaka smjhaayaa| unameM vAcaka umAsvAti, AcArya siddhasena, pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva, vIrasena, vidyAnanda, devasena, siddharSi, mAilladhavala, vAdirAjasUri, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri, malliSeNa tathA upAdhyAya yazovijaya pramukha haiM / laghu anantavIrya ke anusAra 'pratipakSa kI apekSA rahita zuddha paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA RjusUtra naya hai|' isa prakAra kI paribhASA mAtra inhoMne hI dI / vaise yahA~ zuddha paryAya se tAtparya vartamAnakSaNavartI arthaparyAya se hI hai jisakA grahaNa vartamAna ke kSaNamAtra meM hI hotA hai / ataH laghu anantavIrya kA abhiprAya bhI lagabhaga vahI hai jo anya jainAcAryoM kA rahA / 2. AcArya siddhasena ne RjusUtranaya ko paryAyAstika naya kA mUla AdhAra kahA aura usake bAda pravRtta hone vAle zabda, samabhirUr3ha tathA evaMbhUtanaya ko isI RjusUtra naya ke bheda ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI / dhavalAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne sarvaprathama RjusUtranaya ke do bheda kiye - (1) zuddha RjusUtranaya - jo sUkSma sat kI svatantra sattA ko viSaya karatA hai| ise sUkSma RjusUtranaya bhI kahate haiM / (2) azuddha RjusUtranaya - jo vizeSoM kI ekatA ko grahaNa karake usakI svatantra sattA ko viSaya karatA hai / ise sthUla RjusUtranaya bhI kahate haiM / arthAt zuddha RjusUtra naya artha paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura azuddha RjusUtranaya vyaJjana paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai| Age ke AcAryoM meM devasena tathA mAiladhavala isI prakAra ke bheda karate haiN| isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki paryAya ke jitane bhI prakAra ho sakate haiM, unako nayavAda apanI eka abhivyakti detA hai / RjusUtra naya paryAya ko hI viSaya karatA hai, usakI dRSTi samyak ekAnta kI isalie hai, kyoMki vaha dravya kA niSedha nahIM karatA balki use gauNa kara detA hai / saMdarbha 1. paccuppannaggAhI ujjusuo NayavihI muNeyavvo / - anuyogadvAra sUtra, nayanirUpaNa, gAthA-139, pR0467 2. paccuppannaggAhI ujjusuo nayavihImuNe avve // - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, bhAga-2, gAthA-2184, pR0448 3. sattaM sAmpratAnAmarthanAmabhidhAnaparijJAnamajusUtraH / ....teSveva-satsu sAmprateSu sampratyayaH RjusUtraH // - tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 1/25, pR061, 63 4. mUlaNimeNaM pujjuvaNayassa ujjusuvayaNavicchedo / - sanmati prakaraNa prathamakANDa gAthA - 4, pR03 RjuM praguNaM sUtrayati tantrayatIti RjusUtraH / pUrvAparAMstrikAlaviSayAnatizayyavartamAna-kAlaviSayAnAdate atItAnAgatayovinaSTAnutpannatvena vyavahArabhAvAt / tacca vartamAna samayamAtram / dviSayaparyAyamAtragrAhyamajusUtraH / nanu saMvyavahAralopasaMga iti ced ? na, asya nayasya viSayamAtrapradarzanaM kriyate / sarvanayasamUhasAdhyo hi lokasaMvyavahAraH / - sarvArthasiddhi, pra0 a0 sUtra-33, pra0245, pR0102 6. sUtrapAtavadrajutvAt RjuH sUtraH, yathA RjuH sUtrapAtastathA RjupraguNa sUtrayati tantrayati RjusUtraH / pUrvAstrikAlaviSayAnatizayya vartamAnakAlaviSamAdatte / atItAnAgAtayovinaSTAnutpannatvena vyavahArabhAvAt /

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140 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 14. samayamAtramasya nirdidhikSitam / ..... sarvasaMvyahAralopi iti cet, na, viSayamAtrapradarzanAt, pUrvanayavaktavyAt saMvyavahArisiddhirbhavati / - tattvArtharAjavArtikam, pra0 a0 sUtra-33, pR.96, 98 7. Rju praguNaM sUtrayati sUcayatIti RjusUtraH / asya viSayaH pacyamAna pakvaH / pakvastu syAtpacyamAnaH syAduparatapAka iti / pacyamAna iti vartamAnaH, pakva ityatItaH / - jayadhavalA, gA013-14, pra0185, pR0203-4 8. apUrvAstrikAla viSayAnatizayya vartamAnakAlaviSayamAdatte yaH sa RjusUtraH / - dhavalA pu09, kha.4, bhAga-1, kataanuyogadvArenayaprarUpaNA, pR0171-72 9. RjusUtraM kSaNadhvaMsi vastu satsUtrayedRju / prAdhAnyena guNIbhAvAdravyasyAnarpaNAtsataH / / - ta.zlokavArtika, caturthakhaNDa, sUtra 1/33, zloka-61, pR0248 10. Rju prAMjalaM sUtrayatIti RjusUtraH / AlApapaddhati, sU0199, pR0188 11. ye saugatAstu kSaNakSayiNaH paramANulakSaNA vizeSAH satyA iti manyante, tatsaMghAtaghaTita RjusUtra iti / - nyAyAvatAra, siddharSi vivRttisahitaM, kAM-29 paravivRtti, pR085 12. jo eyasamayavaTI geNhai davve dhvttpjjaayN| so riusutto suhumo savvaMpi sadaM jahA khaNiyaM // - nayacakra, gA0210, pR0113 13. Rju praguNaM sUtraNamRjusUtraH, yathA sarva vartamAnamAtranaiva na pUrva nApi pazcAditi / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 3/91, pR0366 Rju prAJjalaM vartamAnakSaNamAnaM sUtrayatItya'jusUtraH "sukhakSaNaH sampratyasti" ityAdi / dravyasya satopyanarpaNAt, tItAnAgatakSaNayozca vinaSTAnutpannatvenAsambhavAt / na caivaM lokavyavahAravilopaprasaMgaH nayasyAsyaivaM viSayamAtrapurupaNAt lokavyavahArastu sakalanayasamUhasAdhya iti / prameyakamalAmArtaNDa, tRtIyabhAga, nayavivecanam, pR0662 Rju vartamAnakSaNasthAyi paryAyamA prAdhAnyataH sUtrayannabhiprAyaH RjusUtraH / yathA-sukhavivarttaH smprtystiityaadi| - pramANanayatattvAloka 7/28-29, pR0142-143 zuddhaparyAyagrAhI pratipakSasApekSa RjusUtraH / prameyaratnamAlA, SaSThaH samuddezaH pRSTha 347 17. RjusUtraH punaridaM manyate-vartamAnakSaNavivaryeva vasturUpam / nAtItamanAgataM ca / atItavya vinaSTavAd anAgatasyAlabdhAtmalAbhatvAt kharaviSANAdibhyoM vaziSyamANatayA sakalazaktiviraha-rUpatvAt nArthakriyAnivartanakSamatvam tadabhAvocca na vastutvaM / "yadevArthakriyAkAri tadeva paramArthasat" iti vacanAt / vartamAnakSaNaliGgitaM punarvasturUpaM samastArthakriyAsu vyApriyata iti tadeva pAramArthikam / tadapi ca niraMzamabhyugantavyam aMzavyApteryuktiriktatvAt / ekasya anekasvAbhAvatAmantareNa anekasyAvayavavyApanoyogAt anekasvabhAvatA evAstu iti cet / na / virodhavyAdhAghrAtatvAt / tathAhi-yadi ekaH svabhAvaH kathamanekaH anekazcetkathamekaH ekAnekayoH parasparaparihAreNAvasthAnAt / tasmAt svarUpanignAH paramANava eva parasparopasarpaNadvAreNa kathacinizcayarUpatAmapannA nikhilakAryeSu vyApArabhAja iti ta eva svalakSaNaM na sthUlatA dhArayat pAramArthikamiti / evamasyAbhiprAyeNa yadeva svakIyaM tadeva vastu na parakIyam, anupayogitvAditi / - syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0244-245. 18. tatra lUtranItiH syAd zuddhaparyAyasaMzritA / nazvarasyaiva bhAvasya bhAvAt sthitaviyogataH // syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0247 parauddhRta Rju vartamAnakSaNasthAyiyaparyAyamAtraM prAdhAnyataH sUcayannabhiprAyaH RjusUtraH / yathA sukhavivartaH sampratyasti / atra hi kSaNasthAyi sukhAkhyaM paryAyamAtraM prAdhAnyena pradarzyate, tadadhikaraNabhUtaM punarAtmadravyaM gauNatayA nArmyata iti / - jainatarkabhASA, nayaparicchedaH, pR061 15. 16. 19.

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paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya : RjusUtranaya 141 20. mUlaNimeNaM pajjavaNayasya ujjusuyavayaNavicchedo / tasya u saddAIA sAhapasAhA suhumabheyA // - sanmatiprakaraNa, 1/5, pR03 21. tulanIya, sanmatiprakaraNa, gA.1/5 para paM0 sukhalAlajI kA vivecana, pR04 22. ujusudo duviho sudo asudo cedi / - dhavalA, pustaka - 9, 4/1/49 kadiaNiyogadvAre NayavibhAsaNadA, pR.244 api ca RjusUtropi dvividhaH / AlApapaddhati, sUtra-73, pR0126. 23. tattha sudo visaIkayaatthapajjAo paDikkhaNaM vivaTTamANAsesattho appaNovisayAdo osAridasAriccha tababhAvalakkhaNasAmaNNo / - dhavalA, pustaka - 9, 4/1/49, kadi aNiyogadvAre NayavibhAsaNadA, pR0244 24. ya eka samayavartinaM gRhyAti dravye dhuvatvaparyAyam / sa: RjusUtraH sUkSmaH sarvaH zabdo yathAkSaNikaH / - vRhannayacakra, zloka - 211 25. sUkSmaNusUtro yathA ekasamayAvasthAyI paryAya / - AlApapaddhati, sUtra-74, pR0127 26. dravye gRhyAti paryAyaM dhruvaM samayamAtrikaM / RjusUtrAbhidhaH sUkSmaH sa sarva kSaNikaM yathA / - zrutabhavanadIpakanayacakra, pR042 27. pratisamaya pravartamAnArthaparyAye vastupariNamanamityeSaH sUkSmaRjusUtra nayo bhavati / arthaparyAyApekSayA samayamAtraM / - vahI, pR016, 17 28. jo eyasamayavaTTI geNhai davve dhuvattapaMjAyaM / so riusato sahamo savvaMpi sadaM jahA khaNiyaM // - mAilladhavalanayacakra, gA0210, pR0113 29. tattha jo so asuddho ujusudaNao so cakkhupAsiyaveMjaNapajjayavisao / tesi kAlo jahaNNeNa aMtomuttamukkasseNa chammAsA saMkhejjA vAsANi vA / kudo ? cakkhiMdiyagejjhavejaNapajjAyANamappahANIbhadadavvANamettiyaM kAlabhavaTaThANuvalaMbhAdo / - dhavalA, pustaka-9, 4/1/49 kadiaNuyogaddAre nayavibhasANadA pR0244 30. manujAdiparyAyaH manuSya iti svakasthitiSu vartamAnaH / / yo bhaNati tAvatkAlaM sa sthUlo bhavati RjusUtraH // - vRhannayacakra, zloka-212 31. sthUlarjusUtro yathA manuSyAdiparyAyAstadAyuH pramANakAlaMtiSThanti / - AlApaddhati, sUtra-75, pR0127 32. yo narAdikaparyAyaM svakIyasthitivartanaM / tAvatkAlaM tathA caSTe sthUlAkhyaRjusUtrakaH // - zrutabhavanadIpakanayacakra, pR042 33. naranArakAdighaTapaTAdivyaJjanaparyAyeSu jIvapudgalAbhidhAnarUpavastUni pariNatAnIti sthUlaRjusUtranayaH / vyaJjanaparyAyapekSayA prArambhataH prArabhya avasAna yAvadbhavatIti nizcayaH karttavya iti tAtparya / - vahI, pR016, 17 34. maNuvAiyaipajAo maNusotti saTThidIsu vttuNto| jo bhaNai tAvakAlaM so thUlo hoi riusutto ||-nyckr, gAthA-211, pR0113

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jaina darzana meM paryAya kuladIpa kumAra paryAya jaina darzana kA ati mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| paryAya kA vAstavika artha vastu kA aMza hai| dhruva, anvayI yA sahabhuva tathA kSaNika, vyatirekI yA kramabhAvI ke bheda se ve aMza do prakAra ke haiM / anvayI ko guNa aura vyatirekI ko paryAya kahate haiM / paryAya guNa ke vizeSa pariNamanarUpa hotI haiM / aMza kI apekSA yadyapi donoM hI aMza paryAya haiM, para rUDha se kevala vyatirekI aMza ko hI paryAya kahate haiM / jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai / sAMkhya darzana meM vastu ko sarvathA nitya mAnA gayA hai aura bauddhadarzana meM vastu ko anitya mAnA gayA hai, parantu jainadarzana ke anusAra isa sampUrNa vizva meM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM hai jo sarvathA anitya ho, usameM eka hI samaya meM nityatA bhI hai aura anityatA bhI / __ paryAya ko kucha vidvAna sAmAnya apekSA se kriyA bhI kahate haiM, parantu paryAya evaM kriyA meM bahuta antara hai| kriyA vastu ke halana-calana rUpa pariNamana ko kahate haiM, parantu paryAya vastu ke sUkSma pariNamana ko kahate haiN| ___ jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu dravya-paryAyAtmaka hai, ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki pratyeka vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai| yadyapi dravya kA lakSaNa sat hai, phira bhI prakArAntara se guNa aura paryAyoM ke samUha ko bhI dravya kahate haiM, jisa prakAra jIva eka dravya hai, usameM sukha-jJAna Adi guNa pAe jAte haiM aura naranArI Adi paryAyeM pAI jAtI haiM / kintu dravya se guNa aura paryAya kI pRthak sattA nahIM hai / aisA nahIM hai ki guNa pRthak hai, paryAya pRthak aura unake mela se dravya banA hai, kintu anAdi kAla se guNaparyAyAtmaka hI dravya hai / sAdhAraNa rIti se guNa nitya hote haiM aura paryAya anitya hotI haiM, ataH dravya ko nityaanitya kahA jAtA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra isa sampUrNa vizva meM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM hai jo sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya ho, apitu pratyeka vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai / usameM eka sAtha nityatA bhI hai aura anityatA bhI hai / vastutaH koI bhI vastu tabhI sat ho sakatI hai, jaba usameM eka sAtha nityatA aura

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jaina darzana meM paryAya 143 anityatA donoM nivAsa karatI haiM / ekAntataH nitya vastu bhI kabhI sat nahIM ho sakatI aura ekAntataH anitya vastu bhI kabhI sat nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki sat kA lakSaNa hI yaha hai - "utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / " arthAt jisameM pratisamaya utpatti, vinAza aura sthiratA pAI jAtI hai, vahI sat hai| jisa prakAra sone (suvarNa) se hAra banAte samaya sone kI piNDarUpa paryAya naSTa hotI hai, hAra paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura sonA kAyama rahatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki piNDa paryAya kA nAza pRthak samaya meM hotA hai aura hAra paryAya kI utpatti pRthak samaya meM hotI hai; kintu jo samaya pahalI paryAya ke nAza kA hai, vahI samaya Age kI paryAya ke utpAda kA hai / isa prakAra pratisamaya pUrva paryAya kA nAza aura Age kI paryAya kI utpatti ke hote hue bhI dravya kAyama rahatA hai| ataH vastu pratisamaya utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka kahI jAtI hai / AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra meM kahA hai ki - "uppAdaTThidibhaMgA vijjaMte pajjaesu pajjAyA / davve hi saMti NiyadaM tamhA davvaM havadi savvaM // "2 ___ arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya paryAyoM meM hote haiM, aura paryAya niyama se dravya meM hI hotI haiM, isalie yaha saba dravya hI hai / "samavedaM khalu davvaM saMbhavaThidiNAsasaNNidaDhehiM / ekammi ceva samaye tamhA davvaM khu tattidayaM // "3 arthAt dravya eka hI samaya meM utpAda, sthiti aura nAza nAmaka arthoM ke sAtha vAstava meM ekameka hai, isalie yaha tIna kA samudAya (utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya) vAstava meM dravya hai / "pADubbhavadi ya aNNe pajjAo pajjAo vayadi aNNo / davvassa taM pi davvaM Neva paNaTuM Na uppaNNaM // "4 arthAt dravya kI anya paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura koI anya paryAya naSTa hotI hai, phira bhI dravya na to naSTa hotA hai, na utpanna hotA hai arthAt dhruva rahatA hai / jainadarzana ke isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana maharSi pataJjali ne bhI apane mahAbhASya ke pazpazAhnika meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai - "dravyaM nityam, AkRtiranityA / suvarNa kayAcidAkRtyA yuktaM piNDo bhavati, piNDAkRtimupamRdya rucakAH kriyante, rucakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante, kaTakAkRtimupamRdya svastikAH kriyante / punarAvRttaH suvarNapiNDaH punaraparayA''kRtyA yuktaH khAdirAMgArasadRze kuNDalaM bhavataH / AkRtiranyA ca anyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva, AkRtyupamardaina dravyamevAvaziSyate / "

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144 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA arthAt dravya nitya hai aura AkAra yAnI paryAya anitya hai / suvarNa kisI eka viziSTa AkAra se piNDa rUpa hotA hai / piNDa rUpa kA vinAza karake, usase mAlA banAI jAtI hai / mAlA kA vinAza karake, usase kar3e banAe jAte haiM / kar3oM ko tor3akara, usase svastika banAe jAte haiM / svastikoM ko galAkara phira suvarNa piNDa ho jAtA hai| usake piNDa AkAra kA vinAza karake khadira aMgAra ke samAna do kuNDala banA lie jAte haiM / isa prakAra AkAra badalatA rahatA hai / AkAra ke naSTa hone para bhI dravya zeSa rahatA hI hai| maharSi pataJjali ke ukta kathana se bhI yaha bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa hotA hai ki pratyeka vastu eka hI samaya meM nitya-anityAtmaka hai, use kadApi ekAntarUpa se nitya yA anitya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA grantha meM do bar3e hI sundara dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se dravya kI trayAtmakatA (utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya) ko siddha kiyA hai / ve donoM dRSTAnta isa prakAra se haiM - "ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // "5 eka rAjA ke eka putra hai aura eka putrI / rAjA ke pAsa sone kA ghar3A hai / putrI usa ghaTa ko cAhatI hai, kintu rAjaputra usa ghaTa ko tor3akara, usakA makaTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA patra kI khazI ke lie ghaTa ko tur3avAkara, usakA mukuTa banavA detA hai / ghaTa ke nAza se putrI duHkhI hotI hai, mukuTa ke utpAda se putra prasanna hotA hai aura rAjA na khuza hotA hai, na duHkhI hotI hai; kyoMki vaha suvarNa kA icchuka hai jo ki ghaTa ke TUTa jAne para bhI usameM kAyama rahatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki vastu trayAtmaka "payovrato na dadhyatti na payo'tti dadhivrataH / agorasavato nobhe tasmAttatvaM trayAtmakam // "6 arthAt jisa vyakti ne kevala dUdha hI pIne kA vrata liyA hai, vaha dahI nahIM khAtA / jisane kevala dahI nahIM khAne kA vrata liyA hai, vaha dUdha nahIM pItA aura jisane gorasa mAtra na khAne kA vrata liyA hai vaha na dUdha pItA hai aura na dahI, kyoMki dUdha aura dahI donoM gorasa kI do paryAyeM hai, ataH gorasatva donoM meM hai / isa prakAra siddha hotA hai ki vastu trayAtmaka arthAt utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai| mImAMsA darzana meM mahAmati kumArila bhaTTa bhI vastu ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya svarUpa mAnate haiN| unhoMne apanI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie svAmI samantabhadra ke ukta dRSTAnta ko apanAyA hai / ve likhate haiM ki - "vardhamAnakabhaMge ca rucakaH kriyate sadA / tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH priitishcaapyuttraarthinH||7

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jaina darzana meM paryAya 145 "hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaMgAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam / / "nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthitvA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnyanityatA // "9 arthAt jaba suvarNa ke pyAle ko tor3akara, usakI mAlA banAI jAtI hai, taba jisako pyAle kI AvazyakatA hai, usako zoka hotA hai, jise mAlA kI AvazyakatA hai, use harSa hotA hai aura jise suvarNa kI AvazyakatA hai, use na harSa hotA hai aura na zoka, ataH vastu trayAtmaka hai / yadi utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya na hote to tIna vyaktiyoM ke tIna prakAra ke bhAva na hote, kyoMki pyAle ke nAza ke binA pyAle kI AvazyakatA vAle ko zoka nahIM ho sakatA / mAlA ke utpAda ke binA mAlA kI AvazyakatA vAle ko harSa nahIM ho sakatA aura suvarNa kI sthiratA ke binA suvarNa icchuka kA pyAle ke vinAza aura mAlA ke utpAda meM mAdhyastha nahIM raha sakatA, ataH vastu sAmAnya se nitya hai, paryAya rUpa se anitya hai / isa prakAra yaha suspaSTa hai ki jainadarzana meM dravya eka hai, aura vaha pratisamaya utpAda aura dhrauvyasvarUpa hai| ataeva vaha dravyadRSTi se nitya hai aura paryAyadRSTi se anitya hai / paryAya kA niruktyartha : (ka) "pari samantAdAyaH paryAyaH / 10 arthAt jo sarva ora se bheda ko prApta kare, vaha paryAya hai / (kha) "svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti paryAya iti paryAyasya vyutpattiH / " arthAt jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se gamana karatI hai, pariNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai| (ga) "paryAyo vizeSo'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH / 12 arthAt paryAya kA artha - vizeSa, apavAda aura vyAvRtti hai / (gha) "tasya mitho bhavanaM prati virodhyAvirodhinAM dharmANAmupAttAnupAttahetukAnAM zabdAntarAtmalAbhanimittatvAd apitu vyavahAraviSayo'vasthAvizeSaH paryAyaH / "13 arthAt - svAbhAvika yA naimittika virodhI yA avirodhI dharmoM meM amuka zabda vyavahAra ke lie vivakSita dravya kI avasthA vizeSa ko paryAya kahate haiN| "paryAyANAmetaddharma yattvaMzakalpanaM dravyaM / sa ca pariNAmo'vasthA teSAmeva (guNAnAmeva)"14 arthAt dravya meM jo aMza kalpanA kI jAtI hai yahI to paryAyoM kA svarUpa hai / pariNamana guNoM kI hI avasthA hai / arthAt guNoM kI hI pratisamaya hone vAlI avasthA kA nAma paryAya hai|

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146 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA (ca) "tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / "15 usakA honA arthAt pratisamaya badalate rahanA pariNAma hai / arthAt guNa ke pariNamana ko paryAya kahate haiM / pariNAma paryAya kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / (cha) "sAmAnyavizeSaguNA ekasmin dharmANi vastutvaniSpAdakAsteSAM pariNAmaH paryAyaH / "16 sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka guNa eka dravya meM vastutva ke batalAne vAle haiN| unakA pariNAma paryAya hai| paryAya ke samAnArthI zabda : jaina sAhitya meM paryAya ke aneka samAnArthI zabda batAe gae haiM / yathA - (ka) "paryAyo vizeSo'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH / 17 artha :- paryAya vizeSa, apavAda aura vyAvRtti - ina sabakA eka artha hai / (kha) "vyavahAro ca viyappo bhedo taha paJjaotti eyaTTo / "18 artha :- vyavahAra, vikalpa, bheda aura paryAya ye eka ekArthavAcI (samAnArthI) haiM / (ga) "paryayaH paryava ityanAntaram / "19 artha :- parya, paryava aura paryAya - ye samAnArthI haiM / (gha) "api cAMzaH paryAyo bhAgo hAro vidhA prakArazca / bhedazchedo bhaMgaH zabdAzcaikArthavAcaka ete // '20 artha :- aMza, paryAya, bhAga, hAra, vidhA, prakAra tathA bheda, cheda aura bhaMga - ye saba eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiM / paryAya ke bheda : jaina granthoM meM paryAya ke bhedoM kA varNana aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / yathA - (ka) "dvidhA paryAyA dravyaparyAyA guNaparyAyAzca / "219 dravyaparyAya aura guNaparyAya ke bheda se paryAya do prakAra kI haiM / (kha) "yaH paryAyaH saH dvividhaH kramabhAvI sahabhAvI ceti / "22 / jo paryAya hai vaha do prakAra kI hai - kramabhAvI aura sahabhAvI / (ga) "paryAyaste dvadhA svabhAvavibhAvaparyAyabhedAt / "23 paryAya do prakAra kI haiM - svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya /

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147 jaina darzana meM paryAya (gha) "athavA dvitIyaprakAreNArthavyaJjanaparyAyarUpeNa dvidhA paryAyA bhavanti / "24 arthaparyAya va vyaJjanaparyAya ke bheda se bhI paryAya do prakAra kI haiM / (Ga) "svabhAvaparyAyastAvat dviprakAreNocyate kAraNazuddhaparyAya aura kAryazuddhaparyAya ceti / "25 (ca) "suhamA avAyavisayA khaNakhaiNo atthapajjayA diTThA / vaMjaNapajjAyA puNa thUlA giragoyarA ciravivatthA // "26 paryAya ke do bheda haiM - arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya / inameM arthaparyAya ati sUkSma haiM / arthAt avAya (jJAna) viSayaka haiM, isalie zabda se nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiM aura pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI haiM, parantu vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla haiM, zabdagocara haiM arthAt zabdoM se vyakta kI jA sakatI haiM aura cirasthAyI haiN| (cha) "saddo baMdho suhumo thUlo saMThANabhedatamachAyA / ujjodAdavasahiyA puggaladavvassa pajjAyA // "27 arthAt pudgala dravya ke zabda, baMdha, sUkSma, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, udyota aura AtApa - ina sahita vibhAva vyaJjanaparyAyeM hotI haiM / saMdarbha 1. tattvArthasUtra, 5/30 pravacanasAra, gAthA-101 3. vahI, gAthA-102 4. vahI, gAthA-103 5. AptamImAMsA, zloka-59 6. vahI, zloka-60 7. mImAMsAzlokavArtika, zloka-21 8. vahI, zloka-22 9. vahI, zloka-23 10. tattvArthavArtikam 1/33/1 11. AlApapaddhati-6 12. sarvArthasiddhi-1/33/141/1 13. rAjavArtikam-1/29/4/89/4 14. paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArddha-26, 117 15. tattvArthasUtra-5/42

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148 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 16. zrutabhavanadIpaka nayacakra, pR0saM0-757 17. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 1/33 18. AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, gommaTTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA-572 19. AcArya malliSeNasUri, syAdvAdamaMjarI, 23/272/11 20. paJcAdhyAyI, pUrvArddha, zloka-60 21. AcArya jayasena, paMcAstikAyaTIkA-16/35 22. AcArya vidyAnandi, zlokavArtika, 1/33/60 23. AlApa-paddhati, 3 24. AcArya jayasena, paMcAstikAya-TIkA, 16/36 25. niyamasAra-TIkA, gAthA-15 26. AcArya vasunandi, zrAvakAcAra, gAthA-25 27. vRdadravyasaMgraha, gAthA-16

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pajjayamUDhA hi parasamayA rAkeza kumAra jaina vizvadarzanoM meM jaina darzana kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| jainadarzana ne dravya-guNa-paryAyAtmaka vizvavyavasthA ko jitane sundaratama tathA satyArtha svarUpa ke sAtha rakhA hai, usase vijJAna-jagat bhI bhauMcaka hai, Azcaryacakita hai| sAtha hI aneka sandarbho meM vijJAna-jagat ne jainadarzana se mArgadarzana prApta kiyA hai, aneka vijJAna-jagat kI zodhapUrNa khojeM jainadarzana meM pahale se hI vidyamAna haiM, paudgalika zaktiyoM kA jo varNana jainadarzana meM vidyamAna hai, usase aura bhI dizA-nirdeza grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiM / jaina darzana ke utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka' tathA nityAnityAtmaka anekAnta svarUpa ne jahA~ eka tarapha bhAratIya darzanoM meM apanI viziSTa pahacAna banAI, vahIM pAzcAtya darzana ke aneka dArzanika-hereklITsa, saoNkreTIj, pleTo, erisTaoNTala, jIno, epIkyUrasa, pAyathAgorasa, proktasa Adi spaSTataH jainadarzana ke mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM se sahamata dikhAI dete haiN| vastu svayaM anekAntAtmaka hai, ataH anekAntavAda, syAdvAda tathA nayavAda ke binA usake svarUpa ko jAna pAnA tathA usakA kathana saMbhava nahIM hai| paryAyamUr3hatA bhI ekAntavAda kA hI eka prakAra hai, ataH isa viSaya ke mAdhyama se hama ekAntavAda para anekAnta kI vijaya kA hI dhvaja phaharAnA cAhate haiM / sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM nimna zloka ke dvArA anekAntamayI dharma ko namaskAra karatA hU~ - paramAgamasya jIvaM niSiddhajAtyandhasindhuravidhAnam / sakalanayavilasitAnAM virodhamathanaM namAmyanekAntam // artha - jAtyandha puruSoM ke dvArA kathita hAthI ke vidhAna kA niSedha karane vAle, tathA samasta nayoM ke dvArA prakAzita vastu ke svabhAvoM ke virodha ko dUra karane vAle, utkRSTa jainasiddhAnta ke prANasvarUpa anekAnta dharma ko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN| isa viSaya para yaha merA laghuprayAsa hai, merA samasta vidvadgaNoM se sAnurodha nivedana hai ki yadi

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150 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA isa viSaya ke pratipAdana meM kahIM bhI koI bhUla-cUka ho to kRpayA mujhe avazya avagata karAyeM, kyoMki jinazAsana samudra kI bhA~ti vizAla evaM gaMbhIra hai / isa viSaya kA sAmAnyataH avalokana karane para eka yakSa prazna sarvaprathama ubharakara sAmane AtA hai ki yadi paryAyamUr3hatA karane se hama parasamaya hote haiM, yA mithyAdRSTi hote haiM to hama paryAya ke svarUpa ko jAneM hI kyoM ? parantu merA nivedana hai ki yadi paryAyamUr3hatA dUra karanI hai to usake lie bhI hameM paryAya kA svarUpa jAnanA Avazyaka hai; kyoMki hameM jise grahaNa karanA hai, use bhI jAnanA jarUrI hai; jise chor3anA hai, use bhI jAnanA jarUrI hai tathA jisake prati upekSAbhAva rakhanA hai, use bhI jAnanA jarUrI hai| kahA bhI hai - 'ajJAnanivRttiH hAnopAdAnopekSAzca phalam / ' viSaya sambandhI ajJAna kI nivRtti to usakA sAkSAt phala hai hI; ataH hama yaha nirdhAraNa bAda meM kareMge ki hameM isa viSaya ko jAnane ke bAda kyA karanA hai? grahaNa karanA hai ? yA tyAga karanA hai ? yA upekSA karanI hai ? sarvaprathama tatsambandhI apane ajJAna kI nivRtti karake sAkSAt phala ko prApta karanA hamArA abhISTa hai| __ sAmAnyataH 'mUr3hatA' zabda kA prayoga samyagdarzaka ke 25 mUla doSoM ke antargata tIna prakAra kI mur3hatAoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| unake nAma hai-devamUr3hatA', gurUmUr3hatA aura lokamUr3hatA / isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM cAra prakAra kI mUr3hatAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai - laukika mUr3hatA, vaidikamUr3hatA, samayamUr3hatA aura devamUr3hatA / lekina ina sabhI mUr3hatAoM ke vizleSaNa meM 'paryAyamUr3hatA' kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai| AdhyAtmika viSayoM ke pratipAdaka AcArya kundakunda ne apane pravacanasAra grantha ke jJAnatattvaprajJApana nAmaka dvitIya mahAdhikAra kI sarvaprathama do gAthA meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM - "attho khalu davvamao davvANi guNappagANi bhaNidANi / tehiM puNa pajjAyA pajjAyamUr3hA hi parasamaya // 93 // je pajjayesu NiradA jIvA padasamaiga ti NiddiDheM / AdasahAvamhi ThidA te samasamayA maNedavvA // 94 // " artha - padArtha dravyasvarUpa hai, dravya guNAtmaka kahe gaye haiM aura dravya tathA guNoM se paryAyeM hotI haiM, lekina paryAyamUDha jIva parasamaya haiN| jo jIva paryAyoM meM lIna haiM, unheM parasamaya kahA gayA hai tathA jo jIva AtmasvabhAva meM sthita haiM, unheM svasamaya jAnanA caahie| ukta paryAyamUDhatA yA parasamaya kI carcA karane se pUrva mUDhatA ke viSaya meM kucha jAnanA Avazyaka hai| koza granthoM meM 'mUDha' zabda ke aneka artha die gaye haiM / jaise-mUrkha, mugdha ajJAnI, bhraSTa buddhivAlA, matibhraSTa, ajAna, bevakUpha, stabdha, cakita12 Adi / vAmana zivarAma ApTe kRta saMskRta-hindI koza meM 'mUDha' zabda ke chaha prakAra se artha diye haiM - "(bhUtakAlika karmavAcaka kRdanta-muh+kta) 1. jar3IbhUta, mohita 2. udvigna, vyAkula, vihvala, sUjhabUjha se hIna jaise - kiMkartavyatAmUDha 3. nAsamajha, mUrkha, mandabuddhi,

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pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA 151 jar3a, ajJAnI, jaise-vicAramUDha, 4. bhrAnta, bhramapUrNa, pratArita, vicalita 5. apaktajanmA 6. sNshyotpaadk| saMyukta pada banAte hue muDhAtman - mana se jar3IbhUta, mUDhavAda - galata dhAraNA, mUDhadhI, mUDhamati - mUrkha, nirbuddhi, sIdhAsAdA tathA mUDhasattva - mohita, dIvAnA Adi arthoM ke dvArA 'mUDha' zabda ko samajhAyA gayA hai / 13 "yoga meM citta kI pA~ca vRttiyoM yA avasthAoM meM eka 'mUDhatA' mAnI gayI hai / tathA isameM citta tamoguNa ke kAraNa nidrAyukta athavA stabdha rahatA hai - aisA kahA hai ?14 mUr3hatA ke viSaya meM ukta vivecana se hama yaha samajha sakate haiM ki mUr3hatA koI acchI vastu nahIM hai tathA kisI bhI vastu kI mUr3hatA ucita nahIM mAnI gayI hai| mUr3hatA meM vizeSatA hotI hai ki vaha hamArI A~kheM banda kara detI hai, hameM jar3a banA detI hai, hameM nAsamajha, mUrkha, kiMkartavyavimUDha, saMzayagrasta tathA bhrAnta banA detI hai| itanA hI nahIM, usake kAraNa hamArA cita vyAkula, udvigna, vihvala ho jAtA hai, jisase ananta AkulatA kA janma hotA hai / isakA eka artha mohita yA dIvAnA bhI batAyA gayA hai, tAtparya yaha hai ki mUDhatA duniyA ke hamAre rAste banda karake mAtra eka rAstA hI khulA rakhatI hai aura hama mAtra usI dizA meM hI socate, vicArate aura calate rahate haiM / vaha hameM yaha vicAra karane kA avasara bhI nahIM detI ki yaha rAstA hameM kahA~ le jA rahA hai ? yaha hamAre abhISTa kI siddhi karAtI bhI hai yA nahIM ? Adi AcAryakalpa paNDita ToDaramalajI ne apane maulika grantha mokSamArga prakAzaka meM mohanadhUla kA eka udAharaNa diyA hai / 15 jisa prakAra yaha mohanadhUla jisa kisI ke sira para DAla dI jAtI hai to usakI socane-samajhane kI zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai, kuNThita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra yaha mUr3hatA bhI mohanadhUla kA bhAvAtmaka prayoga hai, hameM mohanadhUla nAmaka kisI padArtha kI khoja karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, yaha mUr3hatA hI mAno mohanadhUla hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mUr3hatA ko 'moha' saMjJA se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| aneka prakAra kI kalAoM meM sammohana bhI eka kalA mAnI gayI hai, jo hameM pratyeka vastu ko bhI dekhane nahIM detI / sunA hai - eka sammohanakartA ne kucha dina pUrva AgarA kA tAjamahala gAyaba kara diyA thA tathA vahA~ upasthiti logoM ke pUchane para, unhoMne vahA~ tAjamahala hone se spaSTa iMkAra kara diyA / vastutaH yaha sammohana vidyA kA prabhAva thA, tAjamahala to vahIM thaa| usI prakAra isa mUDhatA meM bhI alaukika sammohana zakti hai, parantu isa sammohana (sat-mohana) meM kucha bhI sat nahIM hai, saba kucha asat hai, mithyA paryAya-mUr3hatA - yaha pada paryAya aura mUr3hatA ina do zabdoM se milakara banA hai| 'mUr3hatA' zabda ke uparokta arthoM kA sAmaMjasya biThAne para sampUrNa vAkya kI nimna niSpattiyA~ prApta hotI haiM - (1) jo paryAya ke sambandha meM nahIM jAnate, ve parasamaya haiM / (2) jo paryAya meM mohita haiM, ve parasamaya haiM / (3) jinheM paryAya ke alAvA kucha nahIM dikhatA, ve parasamaya haiM / (4) jo paryAya ko apanA mAnate haiM, ve parasamaya haiM /

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152 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA (5) jo paryAya nahIM hai, use jo paryAya mAnate haiM, ve parasamaya haiM / jo paryAya ke lakSya meM matibhraSTa ho gaye haiM, ve parasamaya haiM / jo paryAya ke lakSya se sadAkAla udvigna rahate haiM, vyAkula rahate haiM, vihvala rahate haiM; ve parasamaya (8) jinakI paryAya ke sambandha meM galata dhAraNA hai, ve parasamaya haiM / jo paryAya ke sambandha saMzayagrasta haiM, bhramapUrNa haiM; ve parasamaya haiM / (10) jinheM paryAya ne dIvAnA banA diyA hai / ve parasamaya hai / athavA jo paryAya ke pIche dIvAne ho rahe haiM / eka bAta dhyAna dene kI hai ki jaba vastu vyavasthA dravya-guNa-paryAyAtmaka hai, tathA paryAya bhI usI vastu vyavasthA kA eka bhAga hai to kyA kAraNa hai ki mAtra paryAya meM mUr3ha hone ko 'parasamaya' kahA hai, 'dravyamUr3hatA' yA 'guNamUr3hatA' ko nahI / yahA~ taka ki use mithyAtva bhI kaha diyA gayA hai / 16 yadyapi AcAryoM ne parasamaya ko bhI do prakAra se vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai - sthUla parasamaya aura sUkSma parasamaya / 17 vahA~ sthUla parasamaya to ajJAnI mithyAdRSTi ko hI kahA hai, parantu sUkSma parasamaya to sarAga avasthA meM sthita jJAnI ko kahA hai, kyoMki zuddhopayoga meM sthita nahIM rahane ke kAraNa jJAnI ko bhI sUkSma paramasaya kahA gayA hai / 8 vAstavika svasamaya to vahI hai, jo darzana jJAna caritrarUpa nizcaya ratnatraya meM sthita ho / 19 prazna yahI hai ki kyA padArthamUr3hatA, dravyamUr3hatA yA guNamUr3hatA ko bhI parasamaya kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi hA~ to phira kyoM nahIM kahA gayA, akele paryAyamUr3hatA ko hI parasamaya yA mithyAdRSTi taka kyoM kahA gayA hai ? vAstava meM isameM eka rahasya hai, jise khojanA Avazyaka hai| yadyapi AcArya jayasena paryAyamUr3hatA kA artha dravya-guNa-paryAya ke parijJAna meM mUr3ha karate haiM, sAtha hI ve eka viziSTa artha bhI jor3ate haiM, vaha hai bhedavijJAna-mUr3ha / aba punaH prazna hai ki paryAyamUr3hatA kA artha bheda-vijJAnamUr3ha kaise ho sakatA hai athavA yahA~ kisase bhedavijJAna karAne kA prayojana hai ? isI prakAra AcArya amRtacandra ne paryAya mUr3hatA kA artha tattva kI apratipatti (ajJAna) kiyA hai / 21 eka tarapha svayaM AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM ki "sarva padArthoM ke dravya-guNa-paryAya svabhAva kI prakAza pAramezvarI vyavasthA bhalI-uttama-pUrNa va yogya hai, dUsarI koI nhiiN|" tathA dUsarI tarapha ve svayaM hI turaMta likhate haiM ki "bahuta se jIva paryAya mAtra kA avalambana karake, tattva kI apratipatti jisakA lakSaNa hai - aise moha ko prApta hote hue parasamaya hote haiM / " 22 yahA~ phira prazna hai ki dravya-guNa-paryAya vAlI paryAya aura paryAya-mUr3hatA vAlI paryAya alagaalaga hai yA eka hI hai|

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pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA 153 ukta samasta zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna AcArya amRtacandra ne pravacanasAra gAthA 94 kI TIkA meM atyanta spaSTatA ke sAtha diyA hai / yadi hama usakA gaharAI se avalokana kareM to sArI zaMkAyeM nirasta ho sakatI haiM / ve likhate haiM - "jo jIva-pudgalAtmaka asamAnajAtIya dravyaparyAya kA - jo ki sakala avidyAoM kA eka mUla hai, usakA Azraya karate hue yathokta AtmasvabhAva kI saMbhAvanA karane meM napuMsaka hone se usI meM bala dhAraNa karate haiM, jinakI nirargala ekAnta dRSTi uchalatI hai - aise ve 'yaha maiM manuSya hI hU~, merA hI yaha manuSya zarIra hai' - isa prakAra ahaMkAra-mamakAra se ThagAye jAte hue, aticalita cetanA vilAsamAtra Atma-vyavahAra se cyuta hokara, jisameM rAgarata kauTumbika kriyA-kalApa ko chAtI se lagAyA jAtA hai-aise manuSya-vyavahAra kA Azraya karake rAgI-dveSI hote hue, paradravyarUpa karma ke sAtha saMgatatA ke kAraNa vAstava meM parasamaya hote haiN| tathA jo asaMkIrNa dravya-guNa-paryAyoM se surakSita bhagavAna AtmA ke svabhAva kA, jo ki sakala vidyAoM kA eka mUla hai, usakA-Azraya karake, yathokta Atma-svabhAva kI saMbhAvanA meM samartha hone se paryAyamAtra ke prati bala ko dUra karake, AtmA ke svabhAva meM hI sthiti karate haiM, lIna hote haiM, ve, jinhoMne sahaja-vikasita anekAnta dRSTi se samasta ekAnta dRSTi ke parigraha ke Agraha prakSINa kara diye haiM, aisemanuSyAdi gatiyoM meM aura una gatiyoM ke zarIroM meM ahaMkAra-mamakAra na karake, aneka kakSoM (kamaroM) meM saMcArita ratna-dIpaka kI bhA~ti ekarUpa hI AtmA ko upalabdha (anubhava) karate hue, avicalita cetanAvilAsa mAtra Atma-vyavahAra ko aMgIkAra karake, jisameM samasta kauTumbika kriyA-kalApa se bheMTa kI jAtI hai-aise manuSya vyavahAra kA Azraya nahIM karate hue, rAga-dveSa kA unmeSa (pragaTapanA) ruka jAne se parama udAsInatA kA AlaMbana lete hue, samasta paradravyoM kI saMgati dUra kara dene se mAtra svadravya ke sAtha hI saMgatatA hone se vAstava meM svasamaya hote haiM / isalie svasamaya hI AtmA kA tattva hai / " 23 isa TIkA ke bAda bhAvArtha likhate hue kahA gayA hai ki "maiM manuSya hU~, zarIrAdi kI samasta kriyAoM ko maiM karatA hU~, strI-putra-dhanAdi ke grahaNa-tyAga kA maiM svAmI hU~, ityAdi mAnanA manuSya-vyavahAra hai; tathA mAtra acalita cetana hI maiM hU~' - aisA mAnanA-pariNamita honA hI Atma-vyavahAra hai| jo manuSyAdi paryAya meM lIna haiM, ve ekAntadRSTivAle loga manuSya-vyavahAra kA Azraya karate haiM, isalie rAgI-dveSI hote haiM aura isa prakAra paradravya rUpa karma ke sAtha sambandha karate hone se ve parasamaya haiM / tathA jo bhagavAna AtmasvabhAva meM hI sthita haiM, ve anekAntadRSTi vAle loga manuSya vyavahAra kA Azraya nahIM karake Atma-vyavahAra kA Azraya karate haiM, isalie rAgI-dveSI nahIM hote arthAt parama udAsIna rahate haiM aura isa prakAra paradravya rUpa karma ke sAtha sambandha na karake, mAtra svadravya ke sAtha hI sambandha karate haiM, isalie ve svasamaya haiM / " 24 AcArya jayasena paryAyamUr3hatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM - "ve jIva karmodaya janita manuSyAdi rUpa paryAyoM meM nirata rahane ke kAraNa parasamaya yA mithyAdRSTi hote haiN|"

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154 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA uparokta kathana ke mAdhyama se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArya jo asaMkIrNa dravya-guNa-paryAya meM sthita hai, use to bhagavAna AtmA sambodhana se saMbodhita kara rahe haiM tathA paryAyamUr3hatA vAlI paryAya meM karmodayajanita paryAya, jIva-pudgalAtmaka asamAnajAtIya paryAya, paradravya kI saMgati Adi vizeSaNoM ke prayoga kara rahe haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo paryAya paradravya kI saMgati se rahita hai, vaha to asaMkIrNa dravya-guNaparyAya ke antargata AtI hai tathA jo paradravya kI saMgati se sahita hai, vaha paryAyamUr3hatA kA viSaya banatI hai, donoM meM mahAna antara hai| dravya-guNa-paryAya meM yaha jIva sAmAnyataH dravya evaM guNa ke prati mUr3hatA nahIM karatA, kyoMki dravyaguNa to antaraMga tattva haiM, hameM unakA sAkSAt darzana hI nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve hamAre sAmane sIdhe-sIdhe nahIM Ate, hamAre sAmane to unakI koI na koI paryAya AtI hai, athavA ve dravya kA guNa kisI na kisI paryAya ke rUpa meM pragaTa hote haiM, isa prakAra hama dravya guNa ko avyakta aura paryAya ko vyakta bhI kaha sakate haiM / 25 ___ yadyapi dravya-guNa to mUlatattva haiM, lekina jisa prakAra vRkSa kI mUla dikhAI nahIM detI, UparaUpara ke phUla-patte Adi hI dikhAI dete haiM; usI prakAra vastu ke dravya-guNa vRkSa kI mUla(jar3a) ke samAna dikhAI nahIM dete, una donoM ke kAraNa prakaTa hone vAlI, tathA thor3e hI samaya taka Tikane vAlI paryAya hI dikhAI detI hai tathA yaha mithyAdRSTi jIva isI paryAyamAtra ko hI sampUrNa vastu mAnakara apanA sampUrNa vyavahAra nizcita karatA hai / paryAya ke bhI do bheda haiM - eka svabhAvaparyAya aura dUsarI vibhAvaparyAya26 / svabhAvaparyAya to svadravya yA svaguNa se prakaTa hone vAlI paryAya hai, ataH zuddha hai; inameM bhI eka to kAraNasvabhAvaparyAya yA kAraNazuddhaparyAya hai, jo anAdi ananta ekarUpa hai, paramapAriNAmika bhAva svarUpa hai tathA dUsarI kAryasvabhAvaparyAya yA kAryazuddhaparyAya hai, jo kAryazuddhaparyAya kA Azraya karake prakaTa hotI hai, parantu svayaM kAryasvarUpa hai, ataH kAraNazuddhaparyAya kahalAtI hai| ukta donoM svabhAvaparyAyeM dravyarUpa bhI haiM aura guNarUpa bhI haiM / jaise siddhaparyAya svabhAva dravya paryAya hai aura kevalajJAnAdi svabhAva-guNaparyAya haiM / isakA vistRta vivecana niyamasAra grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / 29 lekina mithyAdRSTi jIva ko dravya-guNa ke sAtha isa svabhAvaparyAya kA bhI kucha patA nahIM hai, ataH ina paryAyoM meM bhI mUr3hatA karane kA koI prasaMga nahIM hai, mithyAdRSTi to paryAyoM meM bhI vibhAvaparyAyoM meM hI nirata hai, lIna hai, mUDhabhAva sahita ekameka ho rahA hai, mohita ho rahA hai| vibhAvaparyAya paradravya sApekSa paryAya ko kahate haiM, isake bhI vibhAva-dravyaparyAya aura vibhAvaguNaparyAya ke rUpa meM do bheda kiye jAte haiN| vibhAvadravyaparyAya ko vibhAvavyaJjanaparyAya Adi nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| isake bhI do bheda haiM / 1. samAnajAtIya aura 2. asamAnajAtIya / 30 pudgaladravyoM kI skandharUpa paryAya samAnajAtIya vibhAvadravyaparyAya yA vibhAva vyaJjana paryAya hai aura jIvapudgala kI mizra rUpa manuSya Adi rUpa saMsArI paryAyeM bhI paradravya ke nimitta se hone vAlI guNaparyAyoM ko vibhAvaguNaparyAya kahate haiM, isake bhI samAnajAtIya aura asamAnajAtIya bheda kiye jA sakate haiM / jaise

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pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA 155 skandhoM kI guNaparyAyeM-kAlA, nIlA, pIlA Adi tathA sugandha, durgandha Adi paryAyeM samAnajAtIya vibhAvaguNaparyAyeM haiM aura karmodayajanita yA karma sApekSa jIva ko guNa-paryAyeM vibhAvaguNaparyAyeM haiM / jaisejJAnaguNa kI ajJAna rUpa kA alpajJAna rUpa paryAya zraddhAna guNa ko mithyAdarzarUpa paryAya, cAritra kI rAgadveSa, kaSAya rUpa paryAyeM Adi asamAnajAtIya vibhAvaguNa paryAyeM kahI jA sakatI haiN| sAmAnyatayA guNaparyAyoM ke samAnajAtIya aura asamAnajAtIya bheda nahIM kiye gaye haiM, parantu isa prakAra bheda karane meM koI Apatti to nahIM honI cAhie / hA~, mithyAdRSTi jIva inhIM samAnajAtIya, asamAnajAtIya dravyaparyAyoM aura guNaparyAyoM kA rUpa vibhAvaparyAyoM meM hI ulajhA huA hai, inhIM ke iSTa-aniSTa kI kalpanA karake, anAdikAla se mithyAtva yukta rAga-dveSa-moha karake, apane asaMkIrNa dravya-guNa-paryAya maya svarUpa kA anubhava nahIM karatA, Azraya nahIM karatA hai, ise hI AcAryadeva ne 'pajjayamUr3hA hi parasamayA' kahA hai / isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kundakunda dravya-guNa-paryAya-tInoM ke mUDhabhAva kI carcA bhI karate haiM "davvAdiesu mUDho bhAvo jIvasya havida moho ti / khubbhadi teNucchaNNo yappA rAgaM va dosaM vA / 39 artha - jIva kA dravyAdi (dravya-guNa-paryAya) sambandhI mUDhabhAva 'moha' kahalAtA hai, usase AcchAdita vartatA huA jIva rAga-dveSa ko prApta karake kSubdha hotA hai|" isakA gaMbhIra spaSTIkaraNa AcArya amRtacandra ne kiyA hai - "dhatUrA khAe hue manuSya kI bhA~ti, jIva ke pUrva varNita dravya-guNa-paryAya haiM, unameM hone vAlA tattva-apratipatti lakSaNa vAlA mUDhabhAva vAstava meM moha hai / usa moha se apanA nijasvarUpa AcchAdita hone se yaha AtmA paradravya ko svadravyarUpa se, paraguNa ko svaguNarUpa se aura paraparyAyoM ko svaparyAyarUpa samajhakara-aMgIkAra karake, atirUr3ha-dRDhatara saMskAra ke kAraNa paradravya ko hI sadA grahaNa karatA huA, dagdha indriyoM kI ruci ke vaza se advaita meM bhI dvaita pravRtti karatA huA, rucikara-arucikara viSayoM meM rAgadveSa karake atipracura jalasamUha ke vega se prahAra ko prApta setubandha (pula) kI bhAti do bhAgoM meM khaNDita hotA huA, atyanta kSobha ko prApta hotA hai; isase moha, rAga aura dveSa - ina bhedoM ke kAraNa moha tIna prakAra kA hai|"32 paramAtmaprakAzakAra munirAja yogIndradeva isa paryAyamUr3hatA ke sambandha meM apabhraMza bhASA meM kahate haiM "pajjayastau jIvaDau micchAdiTTi havei / baMdhai bahuvidhakammANi jeNa saMsAre bhamei // 23 ___ artha - zarIra Adi paryAyoM meM rata jIva mithyAdRSTi hotA hai, tathA vaha aneka prakAra ke karmoM ko bA~dhatA huA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai|"

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156 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA paradravya se saMyukta paryAya meM mUr3hatA kA svarUpa kabhI-kabhI itanA vidrUpa ho jAtA hai ki usameM svadravya-guNa-paryAya kA aMza bhI avaziSTa nahIM rahatA aura vaha jIva paradravya-guNa-paryAya ko hI apanA svarUpa mAnane lagatA hai usI meM lIna rahatA hai - ise mokSapAhur3a meM isa prakAra kahA hai - "jo puNa paradavvarao micchAdiTThI haveI so sAhU / micchattapariNado uNa bajjhadi duchuTTakammehiM // 4 artha - paradravya meM rata sAdhu mithyAdRSTi hai aura mithyAtva rUpa pariNata huA vaha duSTa ATha karmoM se bandhana ko prApta hotA hai| isI prakaraNa meM AcArya ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki "svadravya meM rata sAdhu niyama se samyagdRSTi hotA hai aura samyakta(ktva) rUpa pariNata huA vaha duSTa ATha karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai" AcArya deva ke upadezAtmaka vacana bhI isI bAta ke dyotaka haiM - "paradavvAdo duggaI, saddavvAdo hu suggaI hoida / iya NAduNa sadavve, kuNaha raIviraha iyarammi // 35 artha - paradravya ke lakSya se durgati hotI hai aura svadravya ke lakSya se sugati hotI hai-yaha spaSTa jAno; isalie he bhavya jIvoM ! tuma aisA jAnakara, svadravya meM rati karo aura anya para dravyoM se virakta hoo|" ukta gAthA meM prayukta pada - 'paradavvAdo duggaI' aura 'saddavvAdo suggai" bhI kisI sUkti vacana se kama nahIM haiN| yahA~ dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki paradravya se durgati hotI hai - isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki paradravya ke lakSya se, Azraya karane se, prIti karane se durgati hotI hai; isI prakAra svadravya se arthAt svadravya kA Azraya karane se, usakA lakSya karane se, usakA zraddhAna, jJAna, AcaraNa karane se sugati arthAt mokSa kI prApti hotI hai tathA yadi koI kamajorI raha jAye to sugati arthAt svargAdi kI prApti hotI haiaisA samajhanA caahie| 'pajjayamUDhA hi parasamayA' - isa pada kA yathArtha bhAva na samajhakara bahuta se kathita jJAnI yaha artha karate dekhe jAte haiM ki hameM paryAya ko jAnanA hI nahIM cAhie, kyoMki usase paryAyamUr3hatA ho jaayegii| merA una kathita jJAniyoM se AgrahapUrNa nivedana hai ki aisA karake hama apane paira para svayaM kulhAr3I mAra leMge, kyoMki dravya-guNa to avyakta haiM; ataH avyakta dravya-guNa taka pahu~cane kA ekamAtra mAdhyama paryAya hI hai, isI paryAya ke dvArA hama jagat kI samasta vastuoM taka, aneka dravya va guNoM taka pahu~ca sakate haiM, kyoMki vahI vyakta hai / 36 yadi hamane usI ko jAnane se manA kara diyA to hama usa ekamAtra sUtra (surAga) se hAtha dho baiTheMge, jo hamArI dravya-guNa kI khoja meM sahAyaka bana sakatA hai| hA~, hama mUr3ha-ajJAniyoM ke samAna paryAyamAtra ko hI vastu na mAna leveM, isakA dhyAna to rakhanA hogaa| jaise-kisI bahuta bar3e taskaroM ke giroha ke lIDara (netA) ko pakar3anA ho aura hameM usI giroha

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pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA 157 kA koI choTA sA camacA (kAryakartA) hAtha laga gayA ho to hameM kyA karanA cAhie, use hI aparAdhI mAnakara sajA-e-mauta de denI cAhie yA usake anya sAthiyoM tathA usake lIDara ko pakar3anA caahie| yadi hama usa kAryakartA ko hI samApta kara dete haiM to hama usa ekamAtra sUtra ko bhI khatma kara dete haiM, jo hameM bar3e giroha kA bhaNDAphor3a karane meM sahAyaka ho sakatA thaa| usI prakAra dravya yA guNa taka pahu~cane ke lie paryAya hI vaha jariyA (mAdhyama) hai, jo hameM dravya guNa se milavA sakatA hai yA unakA paricaya karavA sakatA hai| __ hameM paryAya jAnane ke lie paryAya ko nahIM jAnanA hai, balki dravya aura guNoM ko jAnane ke lie paryAya ko jAnanA hai| jo paryAya jAnane ke lie paryAya ko jAnate haiM, unheM hI paryAyamUDha kahA hai, kyoMki unakI vahIM itizrI ho jAtI hai| tathA jo dravyasvabhAva taka pahu~cane ke lie paryAya ko jAnate haiM, ve mUr3ha nahIM, jJAnI haiM / jaise jIvavastu ko jAnane ke lie 'upayogolakSaNam' kahA gayA hai, upayoga ke jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayogarUpa bheda tathA usake bhI ATha aura cAra prakAra ke bheda paryAyarUpa hI haiM, ataH hama jJAnopayoga-paryAya se jJAnaguNa samajhate haiM, pazcAt jJAna guNa ko AdhAra banAkara cetanasvarUpa jIva taka pahuMcate haiM, vahI vidhi mUla jIvavastu taka pahu~cane kI hai| mUla jIvavastu avyakta hone ke kAraNa hI use aliMgagrahaNa kahA gayA hai / 39 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki dravya-guNa-paryAya meM dravya avyakta hai, paryAya vyakta hai aura guNa bIca kI kar3I hone se vyaktAvyakta hai / paryAya kI apekSA guNa avyakta hai, parantu dravya kI apekSA guNa vyakta hai, isI kAraNa use vyaktAvyakta kahA jA rahA hai| dravya anantaguNAtmaka hai, ataH usakI anantatA use avyakta banAtI hai, jabaki eka guNa dravya kI tulanA meM vyakta hai| isI prakAra eka guNa meM bhI ananta paryAyeM zakti rUpa se haiM, ataH vaha bhI anantatA yukta hone se avyakta hai, jabaki ekaparyAya guNa kI tulanA meM vyakta hai| yadyapi eka samaya kI sUkSma paryAya bhI hamAre sthUla kSayopazama jJAna ke dvArA gocara nahIM hone se vaha bhI avyakta hI hai, tathA asaMkhyAta samaya pramANavAlI sthUla paryAyeM hI hamAre kSayopazamajJAna ke dvArA jJAta hotI hai| vAstava meM hamane Aja taka zuddha dravya yA zuddha guNa zuddha paryAya ko to dekhA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki ve A~khoM ke dvArA yA indriyoM ke dvArA gocara hI nahIM haiN| anAdikAla se hamane indriyoM ko hI pramANa mAna rakhA hai, isa kAraNa inake dvArA jo kucha dikhAI detA hai,use hI pramANa mAnate haiM / jIva meM siddhajIva ke dravyaguNa-paryAya zuddha haiM, pudgala meM sUkSma paramANu ke dravya-guNa-paryAya zuddha haiM, zeSa dharmAdi dravyoM ke to sabhI dravya-guNa-paryAya zuddha haiM, lekina hamane Aja taka inheM kabhI dekhA nahIM hai, ataH zuddha dravyaguNa-paryAya kyA vastu hai, isake bAre meM mana sambandhI zrutajJAna kA bhI prayoga kabhI nahIM kiyA hai, jisake dvArA zuddha dravya-guNa-paryAya jAne jA sakate haiN| Aja taka hamane yA to paudgalika jagat ke sthUla skandharUpa pariNamanoM ko dekhA hai yA jIva-pudgalAtmaka asamAnajAtIya manuSyAdi paryAyoM ko dekhA hai, ataH hamane inheM hI jIva mAna liyA hai, inameM hI ekatva-mamatva sthApita kara liyA hai, yahI jIva kI sabase bar3I bhUla hai, ataH ise hI mithyAtva kahA gayA hai / isa jIva meM paryAya mUr3hatA ke saMskAra itane gahare haiM ki yaha jIva jisa paryAya meM jAtA hai, use hI apanA mAnane lagatA hai, yahA~ taka ki pUrva kI paryAyoM ko bhUla jAtA hai, mAtra vartamAna paryAya meM hI tanmaya rahatA hai / 40

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158 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA AcArya kundakunda ne mUDhadRSTi kA sajIva citraNa karate hue isI dazA kA varNana kiyA hai - bahiratthe phuriyamaNo iMdiyadAreNa NiyasarUvacuo / NiyadehaM appANaM ajjhavasadi mUDhadiTThIo // artha - mUDhadRSTi-ajJAnI-mohI-mithyAdRSTi hai, vaha bAhya padArtha-dhana, dhAnya, kuTumba Adi padArthoM meM sphurita manavAlA hai, tathA indriyoM ke dvAra se apane svarUpa se cyuta hai aura indriyoM ko hI AtmA jAnatA hai-aisA hotA huA apane deha ko hI AtmA jAnatA hai, nizcaya karatA hai; isa prakAra mithyAdRSTibahirAtmA hai| chaha DhAlA meM bhI mithyAdRSTi jIva kI bhUloM kA mArmika varNana kiyA gayA hai, usake kucha sthala dRSTavya haiM maiM sukhI-duHkhI maiM raMka-rAva mere dhana-gRha-godhana prabhAva / mere suta-tiya maiM sabala-dIna berUpa subhaga mUrakha-pravIna // tana upajata apanI upaja jAna, tana nazana Apako nAza mAna / rAgAdi pragaTa ye duHkha dena, tinahI ko sevata ginata caina // yaha paryAyamUr3hatA vAlA jIva yadyapi paryAya meM mUr3hatA to karatA hai, lekina usake bhI vAstavika svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA / isa paryAya kA kyA svarUpa hai ? usakI kitane kAla kI sthiti hai ? vaha kaise nirmita huI ? usakA dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kyA hai ? Adi kucha bhI nahIM jAnatA / udAharaNa ke lie manuSya paryAya kA vicAra karate haiM - yaha manuSya paryAya kisI eka dravya kI paryAya nahIM hai, isameM eka jIva hai aura ananta pudgala paramANuoM kA piNDarUpa yaha zarIra hai, ina donoM ke saMyoga se isa dazA ko manuSya kahate haiM / isa paryAya kI sthiti mAtra thor3e hI samaya kI hai, zarIra aura AtmA ke saMyoga rUpa paryAya hai to usakA viyoga bhI avazya hogA, pazcAt viyoga hone para kyA hogA ? zarIra kyA hogA ? aura AtmA kA kyA hogA ? kyA ye naSTa ho jAyeMge yA inakI bhI mAtra paryAya badalegI? yadi paryAya badalegI to kyA merI AtmA kA nAza ho jAyegA? yadi nahIM to mujhe cintA karane kI kyA jarUrata hai? merI AtmA to anya paryAya meM bhI satarUpa rahegI, usakA kucha bhI nahIM bigaDa sakatA, aisI paryAyoM kA badalanA to isa manuSya paryAya meM bhI aneka bAra huA hai, maiM bAlaka thA, phira maiM javAna huA, phira vRddha huA, paryAyeM to badalIM; lekina maiM to sadA se kAyama rahA hU~ aura bhaviSya meM bhI kAyama rahU~gA / isI prakAra zarIra to paryAya kA nAma hai, usameM jo mUlabhUta pudgala paramANu haiM, unakA kabhI bhI nAza nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra manuSya paryAya ke bAre meM bhI isa mohI jIva ko kucha patA nahIM hai| vAstava meM usako ina sabako samajhane kI AvazyakatA hI bhAsita nahIM hotI / paryAyamUr3hatA ne ise isa taraha jakar3a rakhA hai ki isa manuSya paryAya ko to 'sva' jAnatA hai, ataH usI meM ahaM buddhi karatA hai, zarIra ke sambandha se jitane sambandha jur3ate haiM, unheM apanA sambandhI jAnatA hai, zarIra ko utpanna karane

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pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA 159 vAloM ko mAtA-pitA jAnatA hai, zarIra ko ramaNa karAne vAlI strI ko ramaNI jAnatA hai, strI-puruSa ke saMyoga se utpanna putrAdi ko apanA mAnatA hai, anya bhI isI zarIra ke ye sambandha rakhane vAloM ko apanA riztedAra mAnatA hai, zarIra ke sukha ke bAhya sAdhanoM ko jor3ane hetu er3I-coTI kA pasInA bahAtA hai, vyApAra karatA hai, usameM aneka prakAra ke pApa karatA hai, isa paryAya sambandhI samasta kriyAkalApoM ko chAtI se lagAtA hai, riztedAroM-mitroM se sambandha banAne aura sambandhoM ko TikAye rakhane meM apanA sampUrNa jIvana naSTa kara detA hai, kadAcit isameM koI vighna upasthita kara de to use apanA zatru mAnatA hai, zatrutA nibhAne meM bhI koI kasara nahIM chor3atA, apanI jAna kI bAjI lagAkara bhI duzmanI nibhAtA hai - aura bhI jisa-tisa prakAra se paryAyamUr3hatA karatA hai / ___zAstrIya bhASA meM kaheM to paryAyamUr3hatA kA tAtparya hai ki isa paryAya mAtra ko aikAntika zraddhAna karanA, jJAna karanA aura AcaraNa karanA hai| paryAya ke prati hI samarpaNa karanA, usI kI ruci karanA, usI meM ahaMbuddhi karanA, usI ko apanA mAnanA, usI meM ramanA, jamanA aura lIna honA; usake sAmane anya samasta vastutattva ko tilAMjali denA zAmila hai| paryAya kI mUr3hatA ko isalie bhI nirarthaka kahA jA rahA hai, kyoMki paryAya kA svarUpa jAnane para hameM usake yathArtha kA bodha hotA hai tathA paryAya ke vyAmoha meM hama kyA-kyA kho rahe haiM, usakA bhI patA calatA hai / yaha saudA hameM kitanA mahaMgA saudA sAbita huA hai, isakA vicAra utpanna hotA hai| hama apane ko ThagA-ThagA-sA mahasUsa karate haiM; mAno hamane do paise kI cIja ke lie apane karor3o rupaye kA nukasAna kara diyA ho / yahI paryAya ke sAtha huA hai, vaha hai to mAtra do paise kI cIja, lekina hamane usake lie apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara diyA hai| ise hama aise bhI kaha sakate haiM ki hamane rAI kI oTa meM parvata ko tilAMjali de rakhI hai| ukta bAta kI siddhi meM kucha vicAra karate haiM - zrImad rAjacandra ne kahA hai ki 'dravyadRSTi' samyak dRSTi ane paryAyadRSTi te mithyAdRSTi' - aisA unhoMne isalie kahA ki dravya-paryAya kI tulanA karane para paryAya kA astitva aura dravya ke astitva kI koI tulanA hI nahIM hai| jaise dravya anAdi ananta hai. paryAya mAtra eka samaya kI hai| dravya to ananta guNa aura ananta paryAyoM kA samudAya hai, jabaki paryAya una anantAnanta paryAyoM mAtra meM se mAtra eka paryAya hai| dravya to dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI anantatA kA dhAraka hai, jabaki paryAya una sabakI eka jhalaka mAtra hai, pariNamana mAtra hai, parivartana mAtra hai / isa prakAra yadyapi dravya aura paryAya meM sarvathA bheda to nahIM hai, parantu usameM unake astitva meM antara eka aura ananta kA hai| jaise samudra aura samudra kI eka bUMda meM jo antara hai, vahI antara dravya aura paryAya meM hai| yaha udAharaNa bhI sthUla hai, hama aisA bhI kaha sakate haiM ki jo antara samudra aura usakI lahara meM hai, vahI antara dravya aura usakI paryAya meM hai| kyoMki lahara AtI hai, jAtI hai, lekina apane sAtha eka bUMda bhI lAtI nahIM hai, aura apane sAtha eka bUMda bhI le jAtI nahIM hai, usI prakAra paryAya bhI dravya kA parivartana mAtra hai, usase dravya meM eka aMza kI bhI ghaTatIbar3hatI nahIM hotI hai|

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160 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA dravyadRSTi ko samyagdRSTi tathA paryAyadRSTi ko mithyAdRSTi kahane ke pIche yaha kAraNa bhI hai ki dravya ko aMzI kahA jAtA hai aura paryAya ko aMza kahA jAtA hai / aMzI meM to usake sabhI aMza zAmila hote haiM, jabaki aMza meM sampUrNa aMzI zAmila nahIM hotA, ataH aMzI ko grahaNa karane para aMzI kA grahaNa to svayameva ho jAtA hai, lekina aMza kA grahaNa karane para bhI aMzI kA grahaNa ekadezI hI hotA hai| isI prakAra dravyadRSTi meM samasta paryAyoM kA grahaNa svayameva ho jAtA hai, lekina paryAya dRSTi karane para sampUrNa dravya kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, isIlie paryAyadRSTi ko mithyAtva tathA dravyadRSTi ko samyaktva kahA gayA hai| yadyapi jinAgama meM jAnane kI apekSA dravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthika naya ke mAdhyama se dravya-paryAya donoM ko jAnanA samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai, ataH usa apekSA se hama bhI usakA samarthana pahale isI lekha meM kara Aye haiM, lekina paryAya mAtra ke prati bala dUra karanA hI isa vyAkhyAna kA prayojana hai, paryAya ko paryAya taka sImita rakhane meM koI burAI nahIM hai, lekina paryAya ko sarvasva mAnane meM ananta mithyAtva hai, usakA phala ananta saMsAra hai| yadi hama samagra jinazAsana ko dekheM to usakA adhikAMza bhAga paryAya ke vyAkhyAna se hI bharA par3A hai; kyoMki saMsAra aura mokSa bhI paryAyeM haiM, saMsAra mArga aura mokSa mArga bhI paryAyeM haiM, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcaritra bhI paryAyeM haiM, itanA hI nahIM, balki sAta tattvoM aura nau padArthoM meM bhI paryAya kI hI mukhyatA hai, - Asrava, bandha, puNya, pApa, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa - ye sabhI paryAyeM hI to haiM / cAra anuyogoM meM prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga to pUrNataH paryAya ke vyAkhyAna se bhare par3e haiM hI, dravyAnuyoga kA bhI 90% bhAga paryAya kA vyAkhyAna karatA haiM / lekina yaha saba jAnane kA viSaya hai, zraddhAna aura dhyAna karane lAyaka to isa sAre vyAkhyAna kA sAra apanA trikAlI dhruva Atma-tattva hI hai, isake lie nItizAstra kA eka zloka batAnA cAhatA hU~, jo mujhe AcAryapravara muni zrI vidyAnandajI ke sAnnidhya meM prApta huA hai, vaha zloka nimna prakAra hai - yo dhruvANi parityajya, adhuvaM parisevate / dhruvANi tasya nazyaMti, adhruvaM naSTameva ca // artha - jo dhruva vastu (dravya) ko chor3akara adhruva (paryAya) kA Azraya lete haiM, unase kahate haiM ki dhruva vastu ko unhoMne chor3a diyA aura adhruva vastu ne unheM chor3a diyaa| unakI dazA kaisI ho gaI - yaha batAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai / isI saMdarbha meM jainadarzana kI eka bAta para ApakA dhyAna AkarSita karanA cAhatA hU~ ki yadi koI dravyaliMgI muni 11 aMga aura 9 pUrva kA bhI pAThI ho aura yadi vaha apanI zuddhAtmA ko nahIM jAnatA to vaha bhI mithyAdRSTi hI hai, ajJAnI hI hai / kahA bhI hai - jAnA nahIM nija AtmA, jJAnI hue to kyA hue / dhyAyA nahIM zuddhAtmA, dhyAnI hue to kyA hue // 1 yahI kAraNa hai ki adhyAtmagrantha samayasAra meM varNAdi se lekara guNasthAna paryanta ke bhAvoM ko

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161 pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA zuddhajIvadravya se bhinna batAyA hai, kyoMki ye sabhI bhAva pudgaladravya ke nimitta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa paudgalika haiM - aisA kahA hai / 42 AcArya kundakunda ke 'NiyabhAvaNA NimittaM' banAye gaye niyamasAra grantha meM bhI isI prakAra kI bhAvanA zuddhabhAvanA adhikAra meM pAyI gaI hai / 43 paryAyamUr3hatA ko tor3ane hetu AcAryoM ne aneka mArga prazasta kiye haiM, kahIM to unhoMne sIdhe-sIdhe zabdoM meM paryAya se apanA sambandha viccheda kiyA hai tathA kahIM-kahIM AtmA kI paryAyoM ko AtmA hI haiM, ataH tuma AtmA kI zaraNa meM jAo, paryAyoM kI zaraNa meM kyoM jAte ho-aisA kahakara, usase dRSTi ko mor3A hai, isI prakAra AtmAnubhUti kI prakriyA apanAte hue-cidvivartoM kI cetanA meM hI saMkSepaNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| samayasAra kI chaThavIM gAthA meM AcArya kundakunda pramatta aura apramatta paryAyoM se sambandha viccheda kara apane zuddhasvarUpa kA paricaya nimna zabdoM meM dete haiM - Na vi hodi apamatto Na pamatto jANago du jo bhAvo / evaM bhaNaMti suddha NAdo jo so du so ceva // 5 artha - jo jJAyakabhAva hai - vaha na hI apramatta hai aura na pramatta hai - isa prakAra use zuddha kahate haiM aura jo jJeyAkAra avasthA meM jJAyakarUpa se jJAta huA, vaha to svarUpa jAnane kI avasthA meM bhI jJAyaka hI hai| __ hama NamokAra mantra ke mAdhyama se arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu parameSThiyoM kA dhyAna karate haiM, parantu AcAryadeva ne paryAya ko moha tur3Ane ke uddezya se pUchA ki ve paMca parameSThI kyA karate haiM ? uttara diyA gayA ki ve to apanI AtmA kA dhyAna karate haiM to AcAryadeva ne apanA nirNaya diyA ki yadi ve apanI AtmA kA dhyAna karate haiM to hama bhI apanI AtmA kA dhyAna kyoM na kareM, hama bhI apanI AtmA kA dhyAna karate haiM / isI prakAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcaritra aura samyaktapa ke sambandha meM bhI AcArya ne apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / ukta viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlI gAthAyeM dRSTavya haiM - "arUhA siddhAyariyA ujjhAyA sAhu paMca parameSThI / te vi hu ciTTharhi Ade tamhA AdA hu meM zaraNaM // sammattaM saNNANaM saccArittaM hi sattvaM ceva / cauro ciTThahi Ade tamhA AdA hu me saraNaM // " ___ "artha - arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu-pA~ca parameSThI haiM, so ye pA~coM parameSThI bhI jisa kAraNa AtmA meM sthita haiM, usa kAraNa AtmA hI mere lie zaraNa ho / samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktapa - ye cAroM ArAdhanAyeM AtmA meM hI sthita haiM, isalie AtmA hI mujhe zaraNa hai / "47

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162 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA anta meM itanA hI kahanA cAhU~gA ki hameM isa paryAyamUr3hatA se avazya dUra rahanA cAhie tathA jinendra bhagavAna dvArA kathita sarva padArthoM kI samagra dravya-guNa-paryAya-svabhAva kI prakAzaka pAramezvarI vyavasthA ko svIkAra karanA caahie| tabhI hama paryAyamUr3hatA-mithyAtva ke abhizAparUpa darzanamoha se baca sakate haiN| mUlAcAra TIkA kA yaha kathana kahakara virAma letA hU~ - ___"mUDhatvaM mohaH paramArtharUpena grahaNaM taddarzanadhAti, samktvavinAzaM jJAtvA tasmAttanmUDhatvaM sarvazaktyA na karttavyam / "48 "artha - jo mUDhatA yA moha hai, use paramArtharUpa se jo grahaNa karatA hai, vaha darzana kA ghAta karane vAlA hai, - use samyaktva kA vinAza jAnakara, sarvazakti se inameM moha ko prApta nahIM honA caahie|"49 saMdarbha 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 30 (AcArya umAsvAmI) 2. paM0 rAmavatAra zarmA, yUropIya darzana 3. Natthi Naehi vihUNaM suttaM attho vva jiNavaramadamhi / to NayavAde NiuNA muNiNo siddhatiyA hoMti // __ (AcArya vIrasen-dhavalA pu0-1, khaNDa 1, bhAga 2, gA068, pR091) 4. puruSArtha siddhyupAya, zloka 2 (AcArya amRtacandra) (zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa) 5. parikSAmukha sUtra, paMcama samudeza, sUtra 1 (AcArya mANikyanandi) ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 (AcArya samantabhadra) 7. vahI, zloka 23 8. vahI, zloka 24 9. vahI, zloka 22 10. mUlAcAra, pUrvArdha, zloka 256-260 (AcArya vaTTakera) 11. pravacanasAra, gAthA 93-94 (AcArya kundakunda) 12. prAkRta hindI koza, pR0667, sUrazabda sAgara, pR0491, vizAla zabda sAgara, pR01116 13. saMskRta-hindI koza, pR0810 (vAmana zivarAma ApTe) 14. vizAla zabda sAgara, pR01116 (nAlandA) 15. mokSamArga prakAzaka, pR025 (paNDita ToDaramala) 16. parasamayo micchattaM / (dhavalA pu01, pR028, paMkti 7) 17. AcArya jayasena (paMcAstikAya TIkA, gAthA 165)

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pajjamUDhA hi parasamayA 163 18. vahI 19. vahI, (samayasAra TIkA, gAthA 2) 20. vahI, (pravacanasAra TIkA, gAthA 93) 21. AcArya amRtacandra, (pravacanasAra TIkA, gAthA 93) 22. vahI 23. pravacanasAra TIkA, gAthA 94 (AcArya amRtacandra) 24. pravacanasAra, gAthA 94 kA bhAvArtha 25. SadravyAtmakalokAd jJeyAd vyaktAdanyatvAt / kaSAyacakradbhAvakAvyaktatvAdanyatvAt / citsAmAnya nimagna samasta vyaktitvAt kSaNikavyaktimAtrAbhAvAt / vyaktAvyaktavimizritapratibhAse'pi vyaktAsparzatvAt / svayameva hi bahiraMtaH sphuTamanubhUyamAnatve'pi vyaktopekSaNena pradyotamAnatvAt cAvyaktaH / (- AcArya amRtacandra, samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA, gAthA 49) 26. AcArya jayasena (pravacanasAra TIkA, gAthA 94) 27. svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAva paryAya - (niyamasAra, gAthA 15, 28, dravyasvabhAva prakAzaka nayacakra, gAthA 17-25, 29-34, paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, gAthA 57, paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, gAthA 5, 16, AlApa paddhati nayacakra pariziSTa, pR0211) 28. kAraNazuddhaparyAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya (- niyamasAra TIkA, gAthA 15) (munirAja padmaprabhamaladhArideva) 29. niyamasAra, gAthA 15, 28 (mUla evaM TIkA) AcArya kundakunda evaM munirAja padmaprabhamaladhArideva) 30. pravacanasAra TIkA, gAthA 93 (AcArya amRtacandra) evaM paMcAstikAya TIkA, gAthA 16 (AcArya jayasena) 31. pravacanasAra, gAthA 83 (AcArya kundakunda) 32. pravacanasAra tattvapradIpikA TIkA, gAthA 83 (AcArya amRtacandra) 33. paramAtmaprakAza, dohA 77 (munirAja yogInda) 34. mokSapAhuDa, (aSTapAhu/SaTpAhuDa) gAthA 15 (AcArya kundakunda) 35. vahI, gAthA 16 36. samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA, gAthA 49 (AcArya amRtacandra) 37. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 8 (AcArya umAsvAmI) 38. aTThacaduNANadesaNa sAmaNNaM jIvalakkhaNaM bhaNiyaM / (- dravyasaMgraha gAthA 6, AcArya nemicandra siddhAntide arasamarUpamagaMdhaM avyaktaM cedaNAguNamasadaM / 39. jANa aliMgaggahaNaM jIvamaNidisaMThANaM // (- samayasAra gAthA 49, AcArya kundakunda) (- bhAvapAhuDa gAthA 64 (aSTapAhuDa), pravacanasAra, gAthA 172, niyamasAra gAthA 46, paM0kA0 127

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164 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 40. aho ! mujhe to ina bAtoM kI khabara hI nahIM, maiM bhrama se bhUlakara prApta paryAya hI meM tanmaya huA; parantu isa paryAya kI to thoDe hI kAla kI sthiti hai| (- mokSamArga prakAzaka, pRSTha 257, AcArya kalpa paNDita ToDaramala) 41. vahI 42. samayasAra, gAthA 50-56 (AcArya kundakunda) 43. niyamasAra, gAthA 38-42 () 44. pravacanasAra, TIkA, gAthA 80 (AcArya amRtacandra) 45. samayasAra, gAthA 6 (AcArya kundakunda) 46. aSTapAhuDa (mokSapAhuDa, gAthA 104-105) 47. artha-paM0 pannAlAlajI sAhityAcArya 48. mUlAcAra TIkA, gAthA 256 (AcArya vasunandi siddhAnta cakravartI) 49. artha-AryikA jJAnamatI

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17 paryAyAdhikAra* bra0 ku0 kauzala 1. sahabhAvI va kramabhAvI paryAya 1. paryAya kise kahate haiM ? dravya ke vizeSa ko paryAya kahate haiM / 2. paryAya va vizeSa kitane prakAra ke hote haiM ? do prakAra ke sahabhAvI va kramabhAvI athavA tiryak vizeSa va Urdhva vizeSa / 3. sahabhAvI va kramabhAvI vizeSa arthAt kyA ? sarva avasthAoM meM eka sAtha rahane se guNa sahabhAvI vizeSa haiM aura kramapUrvaka Age pIche hone se paryAya kramabhAvI vizeSa haiN| 4. tiryak va Urdhva vizeSa arthAt kyA ? jinakA kAla eka ho para kSetra bhinna aise vizeSa tiryak vizeSa haiM; jaise dravya kI apekSA eka jAti ke aneka dravya, kSetra kI apekSA eka dravya ke aneka pradeza, bhAva kI apekSA eka dravya ke aneka guNa / jinakA kSetra eka ho para kAla bhinna aise vizeSa Urdhva vizeSa haiM; jaise dravya kI apekSA eka hI jIva kI Age pIche hone vAlI nara narakAdi vyaJjana paryAyeM; aura bhAva kI apekSA eka hI guNa kI kramavartI arthaparyAyeM / Agama meM to avasthAoM ko hI paryAya kahA hai ? dravya, guNa va paryAya tInoM prakAra ke vizeSa hI paryAya zabda vAcya haiM, para rUDhi vaza kevala avasthAoM ke lie hI paryAya zabda prayukta huA hai /

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 2. dravya va guNa-paryAya 6. kramabhAvI paryAya kitane prakAra kI hotI haiM ? do prakAra kI-dravya paryAya va guNa paryAya 7. dravya paryAya kise kahate haiM ? aneka dravyoM meM ekatA kI pratipatti ko dravya paryAya kahate haiM / 8. aneka dravyoM meM ekatA kI pratipatti kyA ? aneka dravyoM ke milakara paraspara ekameka ho jAne se jo saMyogI dravya banatA hai, use eka dravyarUpa grahaNa karanA hI anekatA meM ekatA kI pratipatti hai; jaise tAmbe va jaste ke saMyoga se utpanna eka pItala nAma kA dravya / 9. dravya paryAya kitane prakAra kI hotI haiM ? do prakAra kI - eka samAna jAtIya dUsarI asamAna jAtIya / 10. samAna jAtIya dravya paryAya kise kahate haiM ? aneka paramANuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna skandha samAna jAtIya dravya paryAya haiM; kyoMki usake kAraNabhUta mUla paramANu saba eka hI pudgala jAti ke haiN| asamAna jAtIya dravya paryAya kise kahate haiM ? jIva pudgala ke saMyoga se utpanna nara, nArakAdi paryAyeM asamAna jAtIya dravya paryAya haiM, kyoMki usake kAraNabhUta mUla jIva va pudgala bhinna jAtIya dravya haiM / __ anya prakAra ke dravya paryAya kise kahate haiM ? dravya ke AkAra kI avasthAoM ko athavA usakI gamanAgamana rUpa kriyA ko athavA pradeza parispandana ko dravya paryAya kahate haiN| 13. AkAra Adi ko dravya paryAya kaise kahate haiM ? kyoMki guNoM kA AzrayabhUta dravya kSetrAtmaka hai, isalie usake kSetra yA pradezoM kI sarva avasthAyeM dravya paryAyeM kahalAyeMgI, bhale hI vaha unakI racanA vizeSa ho yA kriyA va parispandana / 14. dravya paryAya kitane prakAra ke hotI haiM ? do prakAra kI svabhAva dravya paryAya va vibhAva dravya paryAya 1.

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paryAyAdhikAra 167 15. svabhAva va vibhAva arthAt kyA ? jo binA kisI dUsare padArtha kI apekSA kiye dravya meM svataH vyakta ho, vaha svabhAva hotA hai aura para saMyoga ke nimitta se prakaTa ho so vibhAva kahalAtA hai / svabhAva zuddha hotA hai aura vibhAva azuddha / 16. svabhAva dravya paryAya kise kahate haiM ? zuddha dravyoM ke AkAra ko svabhAva dravya paryAya kahate haiM; jaise muktAtmA kA athavA dharmAstikAya kA aakaar| 17. vibhAva dravya paryAya kise kahate haiM ? ___ aneka dravyAtmaka saMyogI AkAra ko vibhAva dravya paryAya kahate haiM, jaise zarIradhArI saMsArI jIva kA AkAra yA skandha / eka dravyAtmaka hone se svabhAva dravya paryAya nahIM hotI ? nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki vaha bhI aneka pradeza pracaya rUpa hai / kriyA va parispandana ko dravya paryAya kahanA ThIka nahIM ? ThIka hai, sAdhAraNataH, use dravya paryAya na kahakara, kriyAvatI zakti kI paryAya kaha diyA jAtA hai, para vAstava meM vaha bhI dravya paryAya hI hai| kAraNa ki eka to vaha pradezoM meM pradeza pracayarUpa sampUrNa dravya meM hotI hai aura dUsare dravya ke AkAra nirmANa meM kAraNa hai / guNa paryAya kise kahate haiM ? AkAra se atirikta anya sarva bhAvAtmaka guNoM kI paryAya guNaparyAya kahalAtI haiM, jaise cAritra guNa kI rAga paryAya aura rasa guNa kI mIThI paryAya / 21. guNa paryAya kitane prakAra kI hotI haiM ? do prakAra kI-svabhAva guNa paryAya va vibhAva guNa paryAya / 22. svabhAva guNa paryAya kise kahate haiM ? zuddha dravyoM ke guNoM kI paryAya ko svabhAva guNa paryAya kahate haiM; jaise muktAtmA ke jJAna guNa kI kevala jJAna paryAya tathA paramANu ke isa guNa kI tadyogya sUkSma paryAya / 23. vibhAga guNa paryAya kise kahate haiM ? ___ azuddha dravyoM ke guNoM kI paryAya ko vibhAva guNa paryAya kahate haiM; jaise saMsArI AtmA ke jJAna guNa kI mati jJAna paryAya aura skandha ke rasa guNa kI mIThI paryAya /

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168 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 3. artha va vyaJjana paryAya 24. paryAya kise kahate haiM ? guNa ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiM / 25. vikAra arthAt kyA ? yahA~ vikAra kA artha vikRta bhAva grahaNa na karanA / isakA artha hai, vizeSa kArya arthAt guNa kI pariNati se prApta avasthA vizeSa / 26. paryAya ke kitane bheda haiM ? do haiM-vyaJjana paryAya aura artha paryAya (yA dravya paryAya va guNa paryAya) 27. vyaJjana paryAya kise kahate haiM ? pradezatva guNa ke vikAra ko vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiM / 28. pradezatva guNa ke vikAra se kyA samajhe ? dravya kA AkAra hI pradezatva guNa kA vikAra yA vizeSa kArya hai; jaise manuSya paryAya kA do hAtha paira vAlA AkAra / 29. dravya paryAya va vyaJjana paryAya meM kyA antara hai ? donoM ekArthavAcI haiM, kyoMki donoM kA sambandha pradezatva guNa se hai / 30. vyaJjana paryAya ke kitane bheda haiM ? do haiM - svabhAva vyaJjana paryAya aura vibhAva vyaJjana paryAya / 31. svabhAva vyaJjana paryAya kise kahate haiM ? binA dUsare nimitta se jo vyaJjana paryAya ho, use svabhAva vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiN| jaise jIva kI siddha pryaay| 32. vibhAva vyaJjana paryAya kise kahate haiM ? dUsare ke nimitta se jo vyaJjana paryAya ho, use vibhAva vyaJjana paryAya kahate haiM, jaise jIva kI nArakAdi pryaay| 33. artha paryAya kise kahate haiM ? pradezatva guNa ke sivAya anya samasta guNoM ke vikAra ko artha paryAya kahate haiM / 34. guNa paryAya va artha paryAya meM kyA antara hai ? donoM ekArthavAcI haiM, kyoMki donoM kA sambandha dravya ke bhAvAtmaka guNoM se hai|

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paryAyAdhikAra 169 35. artha paryAya ke kitane bheda haiM ? do haiM - svabhAva artha paryAya va vibhAva artha paryAya / 36. svabhAva artha paryAya kise kahate haiM ? binA dUsare nimitta ke jo artha paryAya ho, use svabhAva artha paryAya kahate haiM; jaise jIva kI kevala jJAna pryaay| 37. vibhAva artha paryAya kise kahate haiM ? para ke nimitta se jo artha paryAya ho, use vibhAva artha paryAya kahate haiM; jaise jIva ke raagdvessaadi| 38. vyaJjana va artha paryAya kI anya vizeSatAyeM darzAo ? vyaJjana paryAya chadma jJAnagamya, cirasthAyI, vacana gocara va sthUla hotI hai, aura artha paryAya kevalajJAnagamya, kSaNasthAyI, vacana agocara va sUkSma hotI hai / sthUla va sUkSma paryAya se kyA samajhe ? bAhara meM vyakta hone vAlI paryAya sthUla tathA avyakta rahakara, andara hI andara hone vAlI sUkSma hotI hai| cira sthAyI va kSaNa sthAyI se kyA samajhe ? kucha minaTa, ghanTe, dina, mahine, varSa yA sAgaroM paryanta Tikane vAlI paryAya cirasthAyI hotI hai aura eka samaya yA kSudra antarmuhUrta mAtra Tikane vAlI kSaNa sthAyI kahI jAtI hai / vyaJjana va artha paryAya para ye lakSaNa ghaTita karo ? vyaJjayana yA dravya paryAya cirakAla sthAyI haiM, kyoMki dravya kA AkAra kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalatA dikhAI nahIM detA, sArI Ayu paryaMta eka hI rahatA hai, jaise manuSya kA AkAra / bAhara meM vyakta hone se yaha sthala va chadmastha jJAna gamya hai| artha yA gaNa paryAya andara hI andara pariNamana karane se avyakta hai aura isalie sUkSma / pariNamana kSaNa prati kSaNa barAbara hotA rahatA hai, isalie kevala jJAna gamya hai| 42. vyaJjana paryAya bhI to kSaNa prati kSaNa badalatI hai ? eka hI manuSya paryAya meM bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha Adi paryAyoM ke rUpa meM / yadyapi vyaJjana paryAyeM bhI kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalatI haiM, para usakA bAhya vyakta rUpa phira bhI cirasthAyI hI rahatA hai; jaise 2 varSa zizu, 2 varSa kizora, 4 varSa bAlaka, 20 varSa yuvA, 20 varSa praur3ha Adi / inameM jo kSaNa-kSaNa prati sUkSma parivartana hotA hai, vaha vyavahAra gamya nahIM hai /

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45. 170 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 43. vibhAva va svabhAva vyaJjana paryAyeM kitanI-kitanI dera TikatI haiM ? vibhAva vyaJjana paryAyeM antarmuhUrta se lekara sAgaroM paryaMta TikatI haiM, jaise nigodiyA paryAya va sarvAdeva paryAya / svabhAva vyaJjana paryAya sadA eka-sI rahatI haiM, badalatI nahIM, na hI vahA~ pradezoM meM parispandana hotA hai, jaise siddha paryAya yA dharmAstikAya kA AkAra / 44. vibhAva va svabhAva artha paryAya kitanI-kitanI dera TikatI haiM ? vibhAva artha paryAya kama se kama kSudra antarmuhUrta aura adhika se adhika kucha bar3A antarmuhUrta paryanta hI TikatI haiN| jaise sUkSma va sthUla krodha / svabhAva artha paryAya kevala eka samaya sthAyI hai| vibhAva artha paryAya to chadmastha jJAna gamya hotI hai ? hA~ antarmuhUrta sthAyI hone se krodhAdi vibhAva artha paryAya sthUla va chadmastha jJAna gocara hotI haiM, aura isalie unheM bhI kadAcita vyaJjana paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai, para rUr3ha na hone se usake lie usa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA / 46. eka samaya sthAyI paryAya kaisI hotI hai ? vaha kevala jJAna gamya hI hai tathA atyanta sUkSma / SaTguNa hAni vRddhi hI usakA rUpa hai| 47. SaTguNa hAni vRddhi kise kahate haiM ? agurulaghutva guNa ke kAraNa guNoM meM jo nirantara pariNamana hotA rahatA hai vahI SaTguNa hAni vRddhi kA vAcya hai / guNoM ke avibhAga praticchedoM meM andara hI andara barAbara ghaTotarI bar3hotarI dvArA sUkSmataratamatA Ate rahanA hI usakA rUpa hai / 48. yaha sUkSma artha paryAya svAbhAvika hotI hai yA vibhAvika ? sUkSma artha paryAya zuddha paryAya zuddha dravyoM meM hI hotI hai, azuddha meM nahIM, ataH vaha svabhAva artha paryAya hai| 49. vibhAva artha paryAya bhI to prati kSaNa badalatI hI hogI ? badalatI avazya hai, para vaha rUr3ha nahIM hai / 4. sAdi sAntAdi paryAya 50. Adi anta kI apekSA paryAya ke kitane bheda haiM ? cAra bheda haiM - sAdi sAnta, Adi ananta, anAdi sAnta, anAdi ananta / 51. sAdi sAnta paryAya kise kahate haiM ? jisa paryAya kA Adi bhI ho aura anta bhI, jaise harSa, viSAda Adi /

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paryAyAdhikAra 171 52. sabhI paryAyoM kA Adi anta hotA hai ? sUkSma rUpa se sabhI artha paryAya sAdi sAnta hai, para sthUla rUpa se kucha sAdi sAnta va sAdi ananta Adi bhI hai| 53. vyaJjana paryAya kyA niyama se sAdi sAnta nahIM hotI ? nahIM; azuddha dravyoM meM ve niyama se sAdi sAnta hotI haiM aura zuddha dravyoM meM sAdi sAnta va sAdi ananta bhii| 54. sAdi ananta paryAya kisa kahate haiM ? jo paryAya utpanna to hotI ho para jisakA anta na hotA ho; jaise jIva kI siddha paryAya / 55. anAdi sAnta paryAya kise kahate haiM ? ___ jo paryAya kabhI utpanna na huI ho, arthAt anAdi se ho para jisakA anta ho jAtA hai; jaise jIva kI saMsArI paryAya / 56. anAdi ananta paryAya kise kahate haiM ? jisa paryAya kA na Adi ho na anta; jaise dharmAstikAya kI zuddha dravya paryAya aura abhavya jIva kI azuddha paryAyeM / 57. sAdi sAnta svabhAva vyaJjana paryAya va svabhAva artha paryAya kisa dravya meM hotI hai ? paramANu meM; kyoMki skandha se bichur3akara zuddha ho jAtA hai, aura punaH skandha meM baMdhakara azuddha ho jAtA hai| 58. sAdi ananta svabhAva va vibhAva artha vyaJjana paryAya kina dravyoM meM hotI hai ? svabhAva rUpa donoM paryAyeM mukta jIvo meM hotI haiM, kyoMki eka bAra siddha ho jAne para vaha punaH saMsArI nahIM hotA / vibhAva paryAya meM Adi ananta kA vikalpa saMmbhava nahIM, kyoMki vaha niyama se naSTa hone vAlA hotA hai| 59. anAdi sAnta svabhAva va vibhAva paryAyeM kisameM haiM ? anAdi sAnta vibhAva paryAya to saMsArI jIva meM hotI haiM / svabhAva paryAyoM meM anAdi sAnta kA vikalpa nahIM, kyoMki na koI jIva anAdi se zuddha hai aura na paramANu / anAdi ananta svabhAva va vibhAva paryAya kisameM hotI hai ? anAdi ananta svabhAva paryAyeM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAza va kAla ina cAra nitya zuddha dravyoM meM haiM, jIvana pudgala meM sambhava nahIM, kyoMki unameM anAdi se koI zuddha nahIM hai| anAdi

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172 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA ananta vibhAva paryAya kevala abhavya jIva meM hI sambhava hai, kyoMki vaha kabhI zuddha nahIM hotaa| sthUla rUpa se akRtrima caityAlaya, sUrya bimba Adi pudgala skandhoM kI anAdi ananta vibhAva vyaJjana paryAyeM mAnI gaI haiM / vahA~ bhI artha paryAya sAdi sAnta hI hotI haiM, anAdi ananta nhiiN| 5. abhyAsa 61. paryAya kisakA aMza hai ? dravya va guNa donoM kA aMza hai| dravya kA aMza hone se vaha sahabhAvI kahalAtI hai aura guNa kA aMza hone se kramabhAvI / 62. kina-kina dravyoM meM kauna-kauna paryAyeM hote haiM ? jIva va pudgala meM vaibhAvikI zakti hone se svabhAva vibhAva donoM prakAra kI artha va vyaJjana paryAya hotI haiM / zeSa cAra dravyoM meM usa zakti kA abhAva hone se kevala svabhAva vyaJjana va artha paryAya hI hotI haiM, vibhAva nahIM / 63. dravya meM kauna sI paryAya eka hotI hai aura kauna sI aneka ? vyaJjana paryAya eka hotI hai aura artha paryAya aneka, kyoMki unake kAraNabhUta pradezatvaguNa eka hai aura anya guNa aneka / 64. eka samaya meM jIva kitanI paryAya dhAraNa kara sakatA hai ? vyaJjana paryAya to svabhAva yA vibhAva meM se koI eka ho sakatI hai, kyoMki vaha eka hI guNa kI hotI hai, aura artha paryAya eka hI samaya meM svabhAva va vibhAva donoM ho sakatI haiM, kyoMki ve aneka haiM / kucha guNoM kI svabhAva artha paryAya ho sakatI hai aura kucha kI vibhAva / jaise - cauthe guNa sthAna meM samyaktva guNa kI svabhAva paryAya hai aura zeSa guNoM kI vibhAva / eka samaya meM pudgala kitanI paryAya dhAraNa kara sakatA hai ? kevala do-donoM hI prakAra kI svabhAva paryAya yA donoM hI vibhAva paryAya / kyoMki skandha sarvathA azuddha dravya hone ke kAraNa usameM donoM vibhAva paryAya hotI hai aura paramANu sarvathA zuddha hone ke kAraNa usakI donoM paryAya zuddha hotI hai| 66. pudgala meM svabhAva va vibhAva donoM paryAya kyoM nahIM ho sakatI aura jIva meM kyoM ho sakatI hai? pudgala meM kartRtva kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha do hI avasthA meM upalabdha hotA hai - sarvathA zuddha yA sarvathA azuddha / vaha apanI azuddha avasthA ko kartRtvapUrvaka zuddha karane kA prayatna karate hue AMzika zuddha dazA ko sparza nahIM kara sktaa| jabaki jIva meM kartRtva buddhi hone se vaha 65.

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paryAyAdhikAra 173 apanI azuddha dazA ko karane kI sAdhanA karatA huA AMzika zuddha dazA ko sparza kara sakatA hai| vahA~ AMzika zuddha meM hI svabhAva va vibhAva donoM sambhava haiM, kevala zuddha yA kevala azuddha meM nahIM / 67. arhanta bhagavAna va samyagdRSTi meM kitanI-kitanI paryAya haiM ? donoM meM tIna-tIna prakAra kI paryAya hotI haiM - vibhAva vyaJjana tathA svabhAva va vibhAva artha paryAya; kyoMki alta bhagavAna ke bhAvAtmaka aMza yA upayoga zuddha ho jAne para bhI dravyAtmaka bhAva azuddha hai, jisake kAraNa ki unheM yogoM kA sadbhAva bartatA hai / 68. siddha bhagavAna meM kitanI paryAya haiM ? kevala do-svabhAva vyaJjana va svabhAva artha / 69. siddha bhagavAna kI vyaJjana paryAya kaisI hotI hai ? antima zarIra se kiMcit nyUna / 70. kyA koI siddha, gAya ke AkAra ke bhI hote haiM ? siddha puruSAkAra hI hote haiM, anya kisI AkAra ke nahIM, kyoMki anya paryAya se mukti sambhava nahIM, strI paryAya se bhI nahIM / 71. aise dravya batAo jinakI vyaJjana paryAya samAna ho ? kevala samudghAtagata aha~ta, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, ina tInoM kI vyaJjana paryAya lokAkAza pramANa hai| kAlANu va paramANu donoM kI vyaJjana paryAya aNurUpa hai / sabase bar3I va sabase choTI vyaJjana paryAya kisakI ? AkAza kI sabase bar3I aura kAlANu va paramANu kI sabase choTI / 73. vyaJjana va artha paryAya meM paraspara kyA sambandha ? vyaJjana paryAya zuddha hone para to sabhI artha paryAya bhI avazya zuddha hogI, jaise siddha bhagavAna / parantu artha paryAya zuddha hone para vyaJjana paryAya zuddha ho athavA na bhI ho; jaise aha~ta / 74. artha paryAya ke zuddha hone para vyaJjana paryAya ko bhI zuddha honA par3e kyA yaha ThIka hai? nahIM, jIva meM samyaktvAdi guNoM kI artha paryAya zuddha hone para bhI vyaJjana paryAya azuddha raha sakatI hai| 75. bar3I vyaJjana paryAya meM adhika paryAya samA sakatI hai ? nahIM, vyaJjana paryAya ke choTe va bar3e hone se, artha paryAya kI saMkhyA meM antara nahIM par3atA, kyoMki sabhI paryAya dravya ke sarva kSetra meM vyApakara eka sAtha rahatI haiM / 72.

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174 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 76. jJAna guNa kI kitanI paryAya hotI haiM ? mati, zruta, avadhi va manaHparyAya se cAroM vibhAva artha paryAya haiM aura kevala jJAna svabhAva artha paryAya / 77. rUpa-rasa-gandha va sparza varNa kI kitanI-kitanI paryAya hotI haiM ? rUpa guNa kI pA~ca - kAlA, pIlA, lAla, nIlA, sapheda; rasa guNa kI pA~ca - khaTTA, mIThA, kaDuvA, kasailA, caraparA; gandha guNa kI do - sugandha, durgandha sparza guNa kI ATha - ThaNDA-garma, cikanA-rUkhA, halkA-bhArI, kaThora-narma / 78. rUpa-rasa-Adi kI svabhAva va vibhAva paryAya kyA hotI haiM ? uparokta sarva paryAya vibhAva haiM / una guNoM kI svabhAva paryAya svatva yogya kucha hotI avazya haiM, para sUkSma hone se kevala jJAna gamya hai, chadmastha jJAna gamya nahIM / ve paramANu meM hI hotI haiN| 79. paramANu meM eka samaya kitanI paryAya hotI haiM ? ___ pA~ca-rUpa, rasa, gandha-paryAyoM meM eka-eka tathA sparza kI do paryAya / ye sabhI vahA~ svabhAva rUpa sUkSma hotI haiN| paramANu meM halkA bhArI tathA kaThora narma kyoM nahIM ? kyoMki ve skandha ke hI dharma haiM / skandha meM eka samaya meM kitanI paryAya hotI haiM ? sAta-rUpa, rasa, gandha kI eka-eka aura sparza kI cAra yugala paryAyoM meM se eka-eka kara koI sI cAra; jaise ThaNDA-garma yugala meM se koI eka, cikane-rukhe meM se koI eka / ye sabhI vibhAva rUpa hotI haiN| 82. 'zabda' kyA hai ? pudgala dravya kI vibhAva paryAya hai, kyoMki skandha ke pradezoM meM parispandana rUpa se hotI hai, paramANu meM nhiiN| 83 AkAra ko dravya paryAya kyoM kahA ? kyoMki padArtha ke pradezAtma vibhAga ko dravya kahate haiM, isalie usakI paryAya ko dravya paryAya kahanA ThIka hI hai| 80. 1.

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paryAyAdhikAra 175 84. dravya guNa paryAya ko mApane ke yUniTa kyA haiM ? dravya paryAya ko mApane kA yUniTa pradeza hai, aura guNa paryAya ko mApane kA avibhAga praticcheda hai; kyoMki dravya paryAya kSetrAtmaka hotI hai aura guNa paryAya bhAvAtmaka / 85. aneka dravyoM kI eka paryAya aura eka dravya kI aneka paryAyeM kyA ? zarIradhArI jIva tathA pudgala skandha aneka dravyAtma eka dravya paryAya hai / pratyeka dravya aneka artha paryAya hotI hI haiM / 86. dravya, guNa va paryAya ina tInoM meM sAkSAt prayojanIya kyA ? kevala paryAya hI sAkSAt vyakta hone se upabhogya hai; guNa va dravya to unake kAraNa rUpa meM mAtra jJeya haiN| 87. dravya va guNa kA anubhava kyoM nahIM hotA ? kyoMki ve sAmAnya haiN| anubhava vizeSa kA hotA hai sAmAnya kA nahIM; jaise Ama hI khAyA jAtA hai, mAtra vanaspati nahIM / 88. dravya guNa kA anubhava nahIM hotA to ve haiM hI nahIM / nahIM, paryAyoM para se unakA anumAna hotA hai, kyoMki sAmAnya ke vizeSa kucha nahIM hotA; jaise vanaspati ke abhAva meM Ama kalpanA mAtra banakara raha jAyegA / 89. vyaJjana va artha paryAya meM kauna pahale zuddha hotI hai ? jIva kI aha~ta avasthA meM pahale artha paryAya zuddha hotI hai, pIche siddha hone para vyaJjana paryAya zuddha hotI hai| pudgala meM paramANu ke pRthak ho jAne para usakI donoM paryAya yugapata ho jAtI 90. jIva meM vibhAva paryAya kahA~ taka rahatI hai ? ___caudahaveM guNasthAna ke anta taka, arthAt mukta hone se pahale taka / vyaJjana paryAya asamAna hone para bhI artha paryAya samAna hoM, aise dravya kauna se ? mukta jIva; kyoMki unake AkAra bhinna haiM, para bhAva samAna / 92. 500 hAtha avagAhanA vAle siddhoM meM jJAna va Ananda adhika tathA 7 hAtha avagAhanA vAloM meM kama hai ? nahIM, avagAhanA vyaJjana paryAya hai aura jJAna va Ananda artha paryAya / avagAhanA choTI bar3I hone se artha paryAya choTI bar3I nahIM hotI, kyoMki ve bhAvAtmaka haiM /

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176 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 93. vibhAva artha paryAya kitane prakAra kI hotI haiM ? do prakAra kI-guNa kI zakti ghaTa jAnA tathA guNa vikRta ho jAnA / 94. zakti ghaTa jAne se kyA samajhe ? jisa paryAya meM guNa kI kucha zakti vyakta rahe aura kucha avyakta / jaise ghanAcchAdi sUrya prakAza kI kucha zakti vyakta hotI hai aura zeSa DhakI rahatI hai aise hI saMsArI jIva ke mati jJAnAdi meM va alpa vIrya meM kucha mAtra hI zakti vyakta hotI hai, zeSa nahIM / 95. vikRta guNa se kyA samajhe ? jisa paryAya meM guNa kI zakti viparIta dizA meM vyakta ho / jaise dUdha sar3a jAne kI bhA~ti jIva ke samyaktva va cAritra guNa vikRta hokara, AnandarUpa se vyakta hone kI bajAya mithyAtva va vyAkulatA rUpa bana jAte haiN| kyA Amraphala kI vyaJjana paryAya usake UparI AkAra meM hI hotI hai ? nahIM, vyaJjana paryAya pradezoM kI ghanAkAra racanA ko kahate haiM, jo bhItara va bAhara sarvatra rahatI hai| 97. svabhAva vyaJjana paryAya ke sAtha vibhAva artha paryAya rahe aisA dravya kauna ? aisA koI dravya sambhava nahIM; kyoMki vyaJjana paryAya zuddha hone para to sabhI paryAya avazya zuddha hI hotI haiN| 98. vibhAva vyaJjana paryAya ke sAtha svabhAva artha paryAyeM raheM, aisA dravya kauna sA ? samyagdRSTi jIva athavA arhanta bhagavAna, ina donoM kI vyaJjana paryAya vibhAvika hai, para samyagdRSTi kA eka samyaktva guNa aura arhanta bhagavAna ke jJAna, darzana, cAritra, sukha, vIrya Adi aneka guNoM kI svAbhAvika paryAya hotI hai| saMdarbha . "jaina siddhAnta sUtra" se sAbhAra uddhRta "jaina siddhAnta sUtra" kI lekhikA paramapUjyA bra.ku.kauzala jI hai| isakA prakAzana AcArya deza bhUSaNa TrasTa, 417 kUcA bulAkI begama, dillI-110006 se san 1976 I.meM huA hai / graMtha ke mahattva ko dekhate hue isake pRSTha 150 se 163 taka yahA~ uddhRta haiN| isakI anumati prApti ke liye DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina ke hama AbhArI haiN| hama viduSI lekhikA ke bhI kRtajJa haiM, jinhoMne bar3e sarala aura spaSTa rupa se 'paryAya' ke sabhI pakSoM para prakAza DAlA

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kramabaddhaparyAya hukamacanda bhArilla AcArya kundakunda ke prasiddha graMtharAja samayasAra kI gAthA 308 se 311 taka kI AtmakhyAti nAmaka TIkA meM AcArya amRtacaMdra likhate haiM - "jIvo hi tAvat kramaniyamitAtmapariNAmairutpadyamAno jIva eva, nAjIva; evamajIvo'pi kramaniyamitAtmapariNAmairutpadyamAno'jIva eva, na jIvaH / prathama to jIva kramaniyamita (kramabaddha) aise apane pariNAmoM se utpanna hotA huA jIva hI hai, ajIva nahIM; isI prakAra ajIva bhI kramaniyamita (kramabaddha) apane pariNAmoM se utpanna hotA huA ajIva hI hai, jIva nahIM / " __ yahA~ samasta jIvoM aura ajIvoM ke pariNamana ko kramaniyamita arthAt kramabaddha kahA gayA hai| jIva aura ajIva ke atirikta jagat meM aura hai hI kyA ? jIva aura ajIva dravyoM ke samUha kA nAma hI to vizva arthAt jagat hai| isa prakAra samasta jagat kA pariNamana hI kramaniyamita arthAt kramabaddha kahA gayA hai| dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki yahA~ mAtra yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki paryAyeM krama meM hotI haiM, apitu yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ve niyamita krama meM hotI haiM / Azaya yaha hai ki 'jisa dravya kI, jo paryAya, jisa kAla meM, jisa nimitta va jisa puruSArthapUrvaka, jaisI honI hai; usa dravya kI, vaha paryAya, usI kAla meM, usI nimitta va usI puruSArthapUrvaka vaise hI hotI hai; anyathA nahIM' - yaha niyama hai / jaisA ki kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA gayA hai - "jaM jassa jammi dese jeNa vihANeNa jammi kAlammi / NAdaM jiNeNa NiyadaM jammaM va ahava maraNaM vA // 321 // taM tassa tammi dese teNa vihANeNa tammi kAlammi / ko sakkadi vAre, iMdo vA taha jiNido vA // 322 //

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178 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA evaM jo Nicchayado jANadi davvANi savvapajjAe / so saddiThI suddho jo saMkadi so hu kuddiTThI // 323 // jisa jIva ke, jisa deza meM, jisa kAla meM, jisa vidhAna se, jo janma athavA maraNa jinadeva ne niyatarUpa se jAnA; usa jIva ke, usI deza meM, usI kAla meM, usI vidhAna se, vaha avazya hotA hai / use indra athavA jinendra kauna TAlane meM samartha hai ? arthAt use koI nahIM TAla sakatA hai / isa prakAra nizcaya se jo dravyoM ko aura unakI samasta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai; vaha samyagdRSTi hai aura jo isameM zaMkA karatA hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai / " jinAgama meM aura bhI aneka sthAnoM para isa prakAra bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai - "prAgeva yadavAptavyaM yena yatra yathA yataH / tatpariprApyate'vazyaM tena tatra tathA tataH // jise jahA~, jisa kAraNa se, jisa prakAra se, jo vastu prApta honI hotI hai; use vahA~, usI kAraNa se, usI prakAra, vahI vastu avazya prApta hotI hai / jo-jo dekhI vItarAga ne, so-so hosI vIrA re / bina dekhyo hosI nahiM kyoM hI, kAhe hota adhIrA re // samayo eka baDhe nahiM ghaTasI, jo sukha-dukha kI pIrA re / tU kyoM soca kare mana kUr3o, hoya vraja jyoM hIrA re // tathA jA kari jaiseM jAhi samaya meM, jo hotava jA dvAra / so banihai Tarihai kucha nAhI, kari lInauM niradhAra // hamakauM kachu bhaya nA re, jAna liyo saMsAra // Teka // ukta prakaraNoM meM prAyaH sarvatra hI sarvajJa ke jJAna ko AdhAra mAnakara, bhaviSya ko nizcita nirUpita kiyA gayA hai aura usake AdhAra para adhIra nahIM hone kA evaM nirbhaya rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne to aisI zraddhA vAle ko hI samyagdRSTi ghoSita kiyA hai aura isa prakAra nahIM mAnane vAle ko mithyAdRSTi kahane meM bhI unheM kiMcit bhI saMkoca nahIM huA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 'kramabaddhaparyAya' kI siddhi meM sarvajJatA sabase prabala hetu hai / niSpanna paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA svIkAra karane meM to jagat ko koI bAdhA najara nahIM AtI; kintu jaba aniSpanna bhAvI paryAyoM ko bhI nizcita kahA jAtA hai to jagat cauMka uThatA hai| use lagatA hai ki yadi saba kucha nizcita hI hai to phira hamArA yaha karanA-dharanA saba bekAra hai / kartRtva ke abhimAna kI jisa dIvAra ko vaha Thosa AdhAra mAnakara khar3A thA, akar3a rahA thA; jaba vaha DhahatI najara AtI hai, to ekadama baukhalA jAtA hai|

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kramabaddhaparyAya 179 cU~ki abhI taka sarvajJa kI sattA svIkAra karatA rahA hai; ataH ekadama to usase mukara nahIM pAtA; ataH sarvajJatA kI vyAkhyAyeM badalane lagatI hai| kabhI kahatA hai ki ve bhUtakAla aura vartamAna ko to jAnate haiM, para bhaviSya ko nahIM; kyoMki bhUtakAla meM to jo kucha honA thA, so ho cukA aura vartamAna meM jo honA hai, vaha ho hI rahA hai; ataH unheM jAnane meM to koI Apatti nahIM; para bhaviSya kI ghaTanAe~ jaba abhI ghaTita hI nahIM huI to unheM jAneMge hI kyA? kabhI kahatA hai ki bhaviSya ko jAnate to haiM, kintu sazarta jAnate haiN| jaise-jo puNya karegA vaha sukhI hogA aura jo pApa karegA vaha duHkhI hogaa| jo par3hegA vaha pAsa hogA aura jo nahIM par3hegA vaha pAsa nahIM hogA-Adi na jAne kitane rAste nikAlatA hai / para usakA yaha prayAsa niSphala hI rahatA hai; kyoMki koI rAstA hai hI nahIM to nikalegA kahA~ se? yaha kaise ho sakatA hai vaha sarvajJa to mAne, para bhaviSyajJa nahIM / sarvajJa kA artha trikAlajJa hotA hai| jo bhaviSya ko na jAna sake vaha kaisA sarvajJa ? sarvajJa kI vyAkhyA to aisI hai ki jo sabako jAne so sarvajJa / kahA bhI hai - "sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalya - kevalajJAna kA viSaya to samasta dravya aura unakI tInakAla sambandhI samasta paryAyeM haiN|" ___ jo kucha ho cukA hai, ho rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM hone vAlA hai; sarvajJa bhagavAna ke jJAna meM to vaha saba vartamAnavat spaSTa jhalakatA hai / AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - "jadi paccakkhamajAdaM pajjAyaM palayidaM va NANassa / Na havadi vA taM NANaM divvaM ti hi ke parUveMti // yadi anutpanna (bhaviSya kI) aura vinaSTa (bhUta kI) paryAya sarvajJa ke jJAna meM pratyakSa na hoM to usa jJAna ko divya kauna kahegA ?" - dhavalA pustaka 6 meM isI bAta ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai - "NaTThANuppaNNa atthANaM kadhaM tado paricchedo / Na, kevalattAdo bajjhatthAvekkhAe viNA taduppattIe virohAbhAva / prazna - jo padArtha naSTa ho cuke haiM aura jo padArtha abhI utpanna nahIM hue haiM, unakA kevalajJAna se kaise jJAna ho sakatA hai ? uttara - nahIM, kyoMki kevalajJAna ke sahAya-nirapekSa hone se bAhya padArthoM kI apekSA ke binA unake (vinaSTa aura anutpanna ke) jJAna kI utpatti meM koI virodha nahIM hai / " AcArya amRtacandra ne sarvajJa dvArA samasta jJeyoM ko eka kSaNa meM sampUrNa guNa aura paryAyoM sahita atyanta spaSTarUpa se pratyakSa jAnane kI carcA isa prakAra kI hai - "athaikasya jJAyakabhAvasya samastajJeyabhAvasvabhAvatvAt protkIrNalikhatanikhAtakIlitamajjitasamA-vartita pratibimbitavattatra kramapravRttAnantabhUtabhavadbhA-vivicitraparyAyaprAgbhAramagAdhasvabhAvaM gambhIraM samastamapi dravyatAjAtamekakSaNa eva pratyakSayantaM / '

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180 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA eka jJAyakabhAva kA samasta jJeyoM ko jAnane kA svabhAva hone se, kramazaH pravarttamAna, ananta, bhUtavartamAna-bhAvI vicitra paryAyasamUha vAle, agAdhasvabhAva aura gambhIra aise samasta dravyamAtra ko-mAno ve dravya jJAyaka meM utkIrNa ho gaye hoM, citrita ho gaye hoM, bhItara ghusa gaye hoM, kIlita ho gaye hoM, DUba gaye hoM, samA gaye hoM, pratibimbita ho gaye hoM; isa prakAra-eka kSaNa meM hI jo (zuddhAtmA) pratyakSa karatA hai|" __ aura bhI dekhie - "alamathavAtivistareNa, anivAritaprasaraprakAzazAlitayA kSAyikajJAnamavazyameva sarvadA sarvatra sarvathA sarvamena jAnIyAta / athavA ativistAra se basa ho - jisakA anivAra phailAva hai, aisA prakAzamAna hone se kSAyikajJAna avazyameva, sarvadA, sarvatra, sarvathA, sarva ko jAnatA hai|" sarvajJatA kI siddhi AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM, AcArya akalaMkadeva ne usakI TIkA aSTazatI meM evaM AcArya vidyAnaMdi ne aSTasahastrI meM vistAra se kI hai| 'sarvajJasiddhi' jainanyAzAstra kA eka pramukha viSaya hai| eka prakAra se sampUrNa nyAyazAstra hI sarvajJatA kI siddhi meM samarpita hai| phira bhI jaba nyAyaviSayaka aneka upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita vidvadvarga sarvajJatA meM bhI AzaMkAeM vyakta karane lagatA hai yA usakI naI-naI vyAkhyAyeM prastuta karane lagatA hai, to Azcarya hue binA nahIM rahatA / sarvajJa bhagavAna kA bhaviSya sambandhI jJAna 'par3hegA to pAsa hogA' ke rUpa meM anizcayAtmaka na hokara 'yaha par3hegA aura avazya pAsa hogA' athavA 'nahIM par3hegA aura pAsa bhI nahIM hogA' ke rUpa meM nizcayAtmaka hotA hai| bhaviSya ko nizcita mAnane meM ajJAnI ko vastu kI svataMtratA khaNDita hotI pratIta hotI hai; para usakA dhyAna isa ora nahIM jAtA ki bhaviSya ko anizcita mAnane para jyotiSa Adi nimittajJAna kAlpanika siddha hoMge, jabaki sUryagrahaNa Adi kI ghoSaNAe~ varSoM pahale kara dI jAtI haiM, aura ve satya nikalatI haiN| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAyajJAna bhI apanI sImA meM bhaviSya ko jAnate hI haiM / lAkhoM varSoM Age ke bhaviSya kI nizcita ghoSaNAoM se sarvajJa-kathita jinAgama bharA par3A hai aura ve samasta ghoSaNAe~ 'aisA hI hogA' kI bhASA meM haiM / sarvajJa kI bhaviSyajJatA se iMkAra karane kA artha samasta jinAgama ko tilAJjali denA hogaa| ___ isa prakAra jainadarzana ke sarvamAnya AcArya zrI kundakunda, kArtikeya, samantabhadra, umAsvAmI, pUjyapAda, vIrasena, amRtacandra, raviSeNa Adi aneka diggaja AcAryoM ke prabala pramANoM se sarvajJatA aura trikAlajJatA sahaja siddha hai| uparyukta aneka pramANa dene ke bAda bhI logoM ko Agraha rahatA hai ki Apa hameM spaSTa rUpa se batAiye ki kramabaddhaparyAya kI bAta kauna se zAstra meM hai ? para merA kahanA hai ki aisA kaunasA zAstra hai, jisameM kramabaddhaparyAya kI bAta nahIM hai ? cAroM hI anuyogoM ke zAstroM meM yahA~ taka ki pUjana-pATha meM bhI kadamakadama para kramabaddhaparyAya kA svara mukharita hotA sunAI detA hai /

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kramabaddhaparyAya 181 "bhAmaNDala kI yuti jagamagAta, bhavi dekhata nijabhava sAta-sAta"9 tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke prabhAvamaNDala meM bhavyajIva ko apane-apane sAta-sAta bhava dikhAI dete haiN| una sAta bhavoM meM tIna bhUtakAla ke, tIna bhaviSya ke evaM eka vartamAna bhava dikhAI detA hai / isake anusAra pratyeka bhavya ke kama se kama bhaviSya ke tIna bhava to nizcita rahate hI haiM, anyathA ve dikhAI kaise dete ? tIna bhava kI Ayu eka sAtha baMdha nahIM sakatI / ata: yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hi Ayukarma baMdha jAne se bhava nizcita ho gae the| isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki ve pahale se hI nizcita rahate haiM, Ayukarma ke baMdha se nizcita nahIM hote / prathamAnuyoga ke sabhI zAstra bhaviSya kI nizcita ghoSaNAoM se bhare par3e haiM / bhagavAna neminAtha ne dvArakA jalane kI ghoSaNA bAraha varSa pUrva kara dI thii| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA thA ki kisa nimitta se, kaise aura kaba - yaha saba - kucha ghaTita hogA / aneka upAyoM ke bAda bhI vaha saba kucha usI rUpa meM ghaTita huA / bhagavAna AdinAtha ne mArIci ke bAre meM eka kor3A-kor3I sAgara taka kaba kyA ghaTita hone vAlA hai - saba kucha batA hI diyA thA / kyA Apa usakI satyatA meM zaMkita haiM ? kyA vaha saba-kucha pahale se nizcita nahIM thA ? asaMkhya bhava pahile ye batA diyA gayA thA ki ve caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara hoMge / taba to unake tIrthaMkara prakRti kA baMdha bhI nahIM huA thA ? kyoMki tIrthaMkara prakRti baMdha jAne ke bAda asaMkhya bhava nahIM ho sakate / tIrthaMkara prakRti ko bAMdhane vAlA to usI bhava meM, yA tIsare bhava meM, avazya mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| ataH yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki karma baMdha jAne se unakA utanA bhaviSya nizcita ho gayA thaa| ___yaha saba to yahI siddha karatA hai ki AdinAtha ke samaya se hI yaha nizcita thA ki ve caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara hoMge / jaba caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara hone kA nizcita thA to phira bIca ke bhava bhI nizcata hI the / nizcita the - tabhI to jAne jA sake aura batAye bhI jA ske| tiloyapaNNatti, adhikAra 4, zloka 1002 se 1016 taka meM aSTAMga nimittajJAna dvArA bhaviSya jAne jAne kA spaSTa ullekha hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne nimittajJAna ke AdhAra para uttara bhArata meM bAraha varSa ke akAla kI ghoSaNA kI thI, jo pUrNa satya utarI / samrATa candragupta ko svapna Ae the, jinake AdhAra para bhI bhaviSya kI ghoSaNAeM kI gaI thIM / kyA karaNAnuyoga meM yaha nahIM likhA hai ki chaha mahIne ATha samaya meM chaha sau ATha jIva nigoda se nikaleMge aura itane hI samaya meM itane hI jIva mokSa bhI jAveMge / kyA isase adhika jIva nigoda se nikala sakate haiM yA mokSa jA sakate haiM ? kyA yaha nizcita nahIM hai ? hai, to phira kyA isase vastu kI svataMtratA khaNDita nahIM hotI ? itane hI jIva mokSa kyoM jAveMge, isase adhika kyoM nahIM ?

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182 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA karaNAnuyoga meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki jIva nityanigoda se do hajAra sAgara ke lie nikalatA hai - usameM bhI do indriya ke itane, tIna indriya ke itane, cAra indriya ke itane bhava dhAraNa karatA hai, manuSya ke ar3atAlIsa bhava milate haiM / yaha saba kyA hai ? bharatakSetra meM jo AgAmI caubIsa tIrthaMkara hone vAle haiM, unake nAmoM kI ghoSaNAyeM jinAgama meM ho hI cukI haiN| sAtha hI una jIvoM ke nAma bhI ghoSita ho cuke haiM, jinheM bhAvI tIrthaMkara honA hai| vaha saba nizcita thA tabhI to ghoSita huA hai| jaba apane ko prathamAnuyoga yA karaNAnuyoga kA vizeSajJa kahane vAle vidvAna bhI sampUrNa paryAyoM ke kramaniyamita hone kA virodha karate haiM, taba Azcarya hue binA nahIM rahatA; kyoMki prathamAnuyoga aura karaNAnuyoga meM to kadama-kadama para isakA prabala samarthana kiyA gayA hai / prasiddha tArkika AcArya samantabhadra svayaMbhUtastotra meM likhate haiM - alaMghyazaktirbhavitavyateyaM, hetudvayAviSkRtakAryaliMGgA / anIzvaro janturahaM kriyAtaH saMhatya kAryeSviti sAdhvavAdI // 33 // yahA~ bhagavAna ko sambodhita karate hue AcArya samantabhadra kahate haiM ki he jinadeva ! Apane yaha ThIka hI kahA hai ki hetudvaya se utpanna hone vAlA kArya hI jisakA jJApaka hai, aisI jo bhavitavyatA, usakI zakti alaMdhya hai arthAt usakI zakti kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; jo honA hotA hai, ho ke hI rahatA hai| phira bhI yaha nirIha saMsArI prANI 'maiM isa kArya ko kara sakatA hU~' - isa prakAra ke ahaMkAra se pIr3ita rahatA hai, jabaki bhavitavyatA ke binA aneka sahakArI kAraNoM ko milAkara bhI kArya sampanna karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| kaSAyapAhur3a va dhavala meM bhI kahA hai - prazna - ina (chayAsaTha) dinoM meM divyadhvani kI pravRtti kisalie nahIM huI ? uttara - gaNadhara kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa / prazna - saudharma indra ne usI samaya gaNadhara ko upasthita kyoM nahIM kiyA ? uttara - nahIM kiyA, kyoMki kAlalabdhi ke binA asahAya saudharma indra ke, unako upasthita karane kI zakti kA usa samaya abhAva thA / " jainadarzana akarttAvAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| akarttAvAda kA artha mAtra itanA hI nahIM hai ki isa jagat kA kartA koI Izvara nahIM hai, apitu yaha bhI hai ki koI bhI dravya kisI anya dravya ke pariNamana kA kartA-hartA nahIM hai / jJAnI AtmA to apane vikAra kA bhI kartA nahIM hotA / yaha bAta samayasAra ke kartA-karma adhikAra evaM sarvavizuddhajJAna adhikAra meM vistAra se spaSTa kI gaI hai / svakartRtva kaho, sahajakartRtva kaho-sabakA eka hI artha hai / jainadarzana akarttAvAdI darzana hai - isakA bhAva yahI hai ki sahajakarttAvAdI yA svakarttAvAdI hai, parakarttAvAdI yA pheraphArakarttAvAdI nahIM hai|

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kramabaddhaparyAya 183 sahaja honA aura karanA eka hI bAta hai| bhaviSya meM hamArA jo honA hai, vahI hogA arthAt hama puruSArthapUrvaka vahI kareMge / isameM puruSArtha kI kahIM koI upekSA nahIM haiM, kahIM koI parAdhInatA nahIM hai; sarvatra svAdhInatA kA sAmrAjya hai| isameM sabhI kucha hai - svabhAva hai, puruSArtha hai, bhavitavya hai, kAlalabdhi hai aura nimitta bhI hai - pA~coM hI samavAya upasthita haiM / isI bAta ko yadi vastusvarUpa kI ora se vicAra kareM, taba bhI isI niSkarSa para pahu~ceMge; kyoMki nityatA ke samAna pariNamana bhI pratyeka dravya kA svabhAva hai / jisa vastu kA jo svabhAva hai, usake hone meM para ke sahayoga kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yadi dravya ko apane pariNamana meM para kI apekSA ho to phira vaha usakA svabhAva hI kyA rahA ? dravya zabda hI dravaNazIlatA-pariNamanazIlatA kA dyotaka hai| jo svayaM drave-pariName, use hI dravya kahate haiN| pratyeka dravya meM eka dravyatva nAma kA sAmAnyaguNa hai - zakti hai / usake kAraNa hI dravya pariNamanazIla hai| pariNamanazIla dravya kA sAmAnya dharma hai, sahaja dharma hai, svAbhAvika dharma hai, paranirapekSa dharma hai| jaba pratyeka dravya svayaM apane se drava rahA hai, apane niyamita pravAha meM baha rahA hai, sahaja kramabaddha pariNamana kara rahA hai, to phira aisI kyA AvazyakatA hai ki vaha apane krama ko bhaMga kare ? vastu ke svarUpa meM aisA kyA vyavadhAna hai ki vaha apanI cAla badale ? aura kyoM badale ? use kyA jarUrata hai apanI cAla badalane kI ? Akhira vastusvarUpa hI sahaja svIkRti kyoM nahIM, balAt parivartana kA haTha kyoM ? dharma to vastusvarUpa kI sahaja svIkRti kA nAma hai / vastusvarUpa kI sahaja pariNati kI svIkRti hI dharma kA Arambha hai| aise vyakti kI dRSTi sahaja antaronmukhI hotI hai| kramabaddha pariNamana kI sahaja svIkRti vAle jIva kI kramabaddha meM bhI sahaja svabhAva-sanmukha pariNamana hotA hai / vastusvarUpa meM hI aisA suvyavasthita sumela hai| kramabaddhaparyAya kI pratIti binA dRSTi kA svabhAva-sanmukha honA sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki paryAyoM meM apanI icchAnukUla pheraphAra karane kA bhAra usa para banA rahatA hai / phera-phAra karane ke bhAra se bojhila dRSTi meM yaha sAmarthya nahIM ki vaha svabhAva kI ora dekha sake / dRSTi ke sampUrNataH nirbhara hue binA antara praveza sambhava nahIM / jainadarzana kI mUlAdhAra sarvajJatA hI Aja saMkaTa meM par3a gaI hai| hamAre kucha dhuraMdhara dharmabandhu pakSavyAmoha meM itane ulajha gaye haiM ki sarvajJatA meM bhI mInamekha nikAlane lage haiM / AcArya samantabhadra ko 'kalikAlasarvajJa' isalie hI kahA gayA thA ki unhoMne kalikAla meM DaMke kI coTa para sarvajJatA siddha kI thii| ve koI svayaM sarvajJa nahIM the, para unhoMne kalikAla ke jora se saMkaTApanna sarvajJatA ko punarsthApita kiyA thA; isalie ve 'kalikAlasarvajJa' khlaae| Aja phira kalikAla jora mAra rahA hai, Aja yuga ko phira eka samantabhadra cAhie; jo DaMke kI coTa para sarvajJatA ko siddha kara sake, punaH sthApita kara ske| ___ moha kA nAza kara AtmazraddhAna-jJAna aura AtmalInatA ke icchukajanoM ko ananta puruSArthapUrvaka mara-paca ke bhI sarvajJatA kA nirNaya avazya karanA cAhie / sarvajJatA ke nirNaya meM kramabaddhaparyAya kA nirNaya

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184 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA samAhita hai / sarvajJatA aura kramabaddhaparyAya kA nirNaya jJAyaka svabhAva ke sanmukha hokara hI hotA hai / jJAyakasvabhAva kI sanmukhatA hI mukti mahala kI prathama sIr3hI hai; usa para ArohaNa kA ananta puruSArtha kramabaddhaparyAya kI zraddhA meM samAhita hai / isa prakAra 'sarvajJatA' aura 'karmabaddhaparyAya' eka prakAra se parasparAnubaddha hai| eka kA nirNaya (saccI samajha) dUsare ke nirNaya ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| donoM kA hI nirNaya sarvajJasvabhAvI nija Atma ke sanmukha hokara hotA hai| yadi koI vyakti paronmukhI vRtti dvArA 'sarvajJatA' yA 'kramabaddhaparyAya' kA nirNaya karane kA yatna kare to vaha kabhI saphala nahIM hogA / sarvajJatA ke nirNaya se, kramabaddhaparyAya ke nirNaya se mati vyavasthita ho jAtI hai, kartRtva kA ahaMkAra gala jAtA hai, sahaja jJAtAdRSTApane kA puruSArtha jAgRta hotA hai, para meM phera-phAra karane kI buddhi samApta ho jAtI hai; isa kAraNa tatsambandhI AkulatA-vyAkulatA bhI calI jAtI hai, atIndriya Ananda prakaTa hone ke sAtha-sAtha ananta zAMti kA anubhava hotA hai| sarvajJatA ke nirNaya aura kramabaddhaparyAya kI zraddhA se itane lAbha to tatkAla prApta hote haiM / isake pazcAt jaba vahI AtmA, AtmA ke Azraya se vItarAga-pariNati kI vRddhi karatA jAtA hai, taba eka samaya vaha bhI AtA hai ki jaba vaha pUrNa vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA ko svayaM prApta kara letA hai / AtmA se paramAtmA banane kA yahI mArga hai / isa viSaya kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie lekhaka kI 'kramabaddhaparyAya' nAmaka kRti kA gaharA adhyayana apekSita hai / sabhI prANI 'kramabaddhaparyAya' aura 'sarvajJatA' kA sahI svarUpa samajhakara svabhAvasanmukha hoM aura ananta zAMti va atIndriya Ananda prApta kareM, kAlAntara meM yathAsamaya sarvajJatA ko prApta kara parama sukhI hoM-isa bhAvanA ke sAtha virAma letA huuN| saMdarbha 1. AcArya raviSeNa : padmapurANa, sarga 110 zloka 40 2. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa : adhyAtmapada saMgraha, pRSTha 81 3. budhajana : adhyAtmapada saMgraha, pRSTha 79 AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a01, sUtra 29 5. pravacanasAra, gAthA 39 jainendra siddhAntakoza, bhAga 2, pRSTha 151 7. pravacanasAra, gAthA 200 kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA 8. vahI, gAthA 47 kI tattvapradIpikA TIkA 9. kavivara vRndAvana kRta candraprabha pUjana, jayamAla 10. jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga 2, pRSTha 614

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jainadarzana meM bauddhasammata 'paryAya' kI samIkSA bhAgacandra jaina paryAya, dravya kA abhinna tattva hai jo hara darzana kI mUla bhitti hai / ataH sabhI darzanoM ne tattva yA dravya aura paryAya kI vyAkhyA apane-apane DhaMga se kI hai / vastu ke asAdhAraNa svatattva ko 'tattva' kahA jAtA hai (rAjavArtika, 2.1.6 ) / tattva, paramArtha, dravya, svabhAva, parama, paramparama, dhyeya, zaddha-ye sabhI ekArthavAcI zabda haiM / jaina-bauddhadarzana ne isake lie 'sat' zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| paryAya, dravya meM chipA rahatA hai / vaha dravya kI avasthA vizeSa ko bhedaka yA pariNana ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| vaha dravya kA hI aMza yA vikAsa hai - 'davvavikAro hi pajjavo bhaNido' / vyavahAra, vikalpa bheda, paryAya, aMza, bhAga, prakAra, charda, bhaMga Adi zabda samAnArthaka haiN| jainadarzana dravya kI anekAntika vyavasthA meM vizvAsa karatA hai / usakI dRSTi meM pratyeka dravya anantadharmAtmaka hai| usameM kucha dharma sAmAnyAtmaka hote haiM aura kucha vizeSAtmaka / vaha dravya svarUpAstitva meM kisI bhI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravya se saMkIrNa nahIM hotA. usakA pathaka astitva banA rahatA hai, para vaha apanI paryAyoM meM anugata bhI rahatA hai, kramika paryAyoM meM dravita rahatA hai, prApta hotA hai / dUsarA sAdRzyAstitva vibhinna aneka dravyoM meM gau ityAdi prakAra kA anugata pratyaya karAtA hai, jo vyavahAra kA kAraNa banatA hai| ___isI prakAra vizeSa ke bhI do prakAra haiM, tiryak vizeSa aura UrdhvatA vizeSa / yaha vizeSa do dravyoM meM vyAvRtta pratyaya karA detA hai| apanI hI do paryAyoM meM vilakSaNatA kA pratyaya karAne vAlA paryAya nAma ko vizeSa hotA hai| isa prakAra eka dravya kI paryAyoM meM anugata pratyaya yA samAnatA UrdhvatAsAmAnya se hotI hai tathA vyAvRtta pratyaya yA pRthakatA kA AbhAsa paryAya vizeSa se hotA hai| do vibhinna dravyoM meM anugata pratyaya sAdRzya sAmAnya yA tiryak sAmAnya se hotA hai aura vyAvRtta pratyaya vyatireka vizeSa se hotA hai| isa taraha padArtha na kevala dravya rUpa hai, na kevala paryAya rUpa, balki vaha utpAda vyaya dhrauvya rUpa vAlA hai, sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| pratyeka vastu kI paryAya atIta se sambaddha hai aura vaha bhaviSya kSaNa ko bhI usI vartamAna paryAya se prApta karatI hai| yaha pariNamana use kUTastha nitya nahIM banAtA balki yaha siddha

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jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA karatA hai ki tInoM kSaNoM kI eka avicchinna kArya-kAraNa paramparA hai / vaha na bilkula sthAyI nitya hai aura na itanA vilakSaNa pariNamana karane vAlA hai ki usakI pratIti hI na ho / bauddhadharma meM prajJaptyartha kalpita hai, bhramajanita hai, ataH vyAvahArika dharma hai tathA paramArtha ko vAstavika dharma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| vahA~ vastu sat ko saMskRta dharma aura asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / hInayAna meM saMskRta dharma vastu sat hai, para mahAyAna use zUnya kahatA hai / mahAyAna meM dharma zUnya hai, kevala dharmatA (dharmakAya) vastu sat hai / kSaNika saMskRta dharma ke atirikta hInayAna meM AkAza aura nirvANa ko asaMskRta dharma kahA gayA hai| yahA~ saMsAra aura nirvANa donoM vastu sat haiM aura prajJapti sat bhI haiM / mahAyAna meM vastu ko zAnta, advaya, avAcya, vikalpAtIta aura niSprapaJca kahA gayA hai| usakI dRSTi se jo paratantra hai, vaha vastu nahIM hai / ataH saMskRta-asaMskRta padArtha vastu sat nahIM hai / ve to zUnyatA ke pratIka haiM / isa prakAra hInayAna kA bahudharmavAda mahAyAna meM advayavAda banakara AyA hai| rUpa ke lakSaNa ke prasaMga meM bauddhadharma meM use upacaya (utpAda), santati, jaratA (sthiti) evaM anityatAmaya mAnA hai (abhidhammatthasaMgaho, 6.15) / isI ko ahetuka, saMpratyaya, sAsrava, saMskRta, laukika, kAmAvacara, anAlambana aura aprahAtavya kahA hai (vahI, 6.19) / upacaya evaM santati utpatti kA pratIka hai, jaratA sthiti kA aura anityatA bhaMga kA pratIka hai / yahA~ sambaddha buddhi ko 'santati' kahA gayA hai, jisakA sambandha utpatti ke sAtha adhika hai / utpatti ke bAda niSpanna rUpoM ke niruddha hone se pUrva 48 kSudrakSaNa mAtra ke sthiti kAla ko jIrNa svabhAva hone se jaratA kahA jAtA hai / pratyeka kSaNa meM utpAda, sthiti aura bhaMga nAmaka tIna kSudrakSaNa hote haiM / rUpa kA eka kSaNa citarvAthi ke 17 kSaNoM ke barAbara hotA hai| ina-ina 17 kSaNoM meM bhI kSudrakSaNa 51 hote haiM, jinake barAbara rupa kA eka kSaNa hotA hai / 51 kSudrakSaNoM meM se sarvaprathama utpAdakSaNa ko aura aMtima bhaMgakSaNa ko nikAla dene para citta ke 48 kSudrakSaNa ke barAbara rUpa kI jaratA kA kAla hotA hai / eka citta-kSaNa meM ye utpAda-sthiti-bhaMga itanI zIghratA pUrvaka pravRtta hote haiM ki eka accharA kAla (cuTakI mArane yA palaka mArane ke barAbara samaya) meM ye lAkhoM karor3oM bAra utpanna hokara niruddha ho jAte haiN| ina utpAda-vyaya-bhaMga svabhAvI rUpoM ko 'saMskRta' kahA jAtA saMskRta padArtha meM parivartana kI zIghratA anvaya kI bhrAnti paidA karatI hai / use hI anvayavazAt sthAyI kaha dete haiM / vastutaH prANI kA jIvana vicAra ke eka kSaNa taka rahatA hai / usa kSaNa ke samApta hote hI prANI bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| vizuddhimagga meM ise bhedavAda kahate haiM / vaibhASika-sautrAntika bhedavAdI haiM / kSaNabhaMgavAda unakA parama satya hai / ve dharma nairAtmya (bAhya padArtha kSaNika aura niraMza paramANuoM kA puMja hai aura pudgalanairAtmya (anAtmavAda) ko mAnate haiM / sArA vyavahAra santativAda aura saMghAtavAda para Azrita hai| saMskRta padArtha pratItya-samutpanna aura anitya hai / jisa padArtha kA samutpAda sakAraNa hotA hai, vahI svatantra nahIM hai| ataH madhyAntikavAdiyoM ne padArtha ko zUnyAtmaka kahA hai (catuHzataka, 348) / sUtrAnta pAli meM "jarA maraNaM bhikkhave ! aniccaM, saGkamaM paTicca samuppannaM" (saMyukta nikAya, bhAga 2,1,24) saMskRta ke tIna hI lakSaNa diye haiM / yahA~ sthiti kA koI ullekha nahIM / sautrAntikoM kI dRSTi meM saMskRta ke lakSaNa cAra hI haiN| unhoMne 'jarA' ke sAtha 'sthiti' ko prajJapta kiyA hai| ve vastutaH

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187 ina lakSaNoM ko pRthak dravya na mAnakara unheM pravAha rUpa mAnate haiN| yaha pravAha hI unakI sthiti kA sUcaka hai| sautrAntika jIvita Ayu ko dravya nahIM mAnate / vijJAnavAdI saMskRta-asaMskRta dharmoM ko prajJaptisat mAnate haiM / aura mAdhyamika unakA niSedha kara niHsvabhAvatA kI siddhi karate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM svalakSaNa aura sAmAnya lakSaNa do tattva mAne gaye haiM / svalakSaNa kA tAtparya hai - vastu kA asAdhAraNa tattva / isameM pratyeka paramANu kI sattA pRthak aura svataMtra svIkAra kI gaI hai| isake sAtha hI vaha sajAtIya aura vijAtIya paramANuoM se vyAvRtta hai / paramANuoM meM jaba koI sambandha hI nahIM, to avayavI ke astitva ko kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / 'bauddha darzana meM sAmAnya tattva ko eka kalpanAtmaka vastu mAnA gayA hai / parantu cU~ki vaha svalakSaNa kI prApti meM kAraNa hotA hai, ataH mithyA hote hue bhI use padArtha kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| manuSyatva, gotva Adi ko sAmAnya tattva kahA gayA hai| svalakSaNa tattva artha-kriyAkArI hai, ataH paramArthasat hai / para sAmAnya artha-kriyAkArI nahIM / ataH use saMvRti sat mAnA hai (pramANa vArtika, 2.1-3; 27-28; 50-54) / sAmAnya kI koI svatantra sattA nahIM hai, svalakSaNa pratyakSagamya hai aura sAmAnya lakSaNa anumAnagamya hai / anumAna parokSa ke antargata AtA hai| jaina darzana vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka tathA dravya-paryAyAtmaka mAnatA hai| ataH vahA~ prameya bhI eka hI hai / vaha kisI ko spaSTa pratibhAsita hotA hai aura kisI ko aspaSTa / yaha jJAtA kI zakti para avalambita hai| ataH yahA~ bhI prameya kI pratIti pratyakSa aura parokSa donoM rUpa se hotI hai| jainoM kA pratyakSa bauddhoM kA svalakSaNa hai aura jainoM kA parokSa bauddhoM kA sAmAnya hai / donoM mAnyatAoM meM antara isa prakAra hai - 1. jainadarzana vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka mAnatA hai, jabaki bauddhadarzana usakA niSedha karatA hai / jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM vastu kA svarUpa aura pararUpa, donoM sApekSika aura vAstavika haiM, jabaki bauddhoM kI dRSTi meM donoM kA astitva hote hue bhI pararUpa kalpita aura vAsanAjanya hai / bauddhadarzana kI dRSTi meM pararUpa artha se sambaddha hai, para jainadarzana use isa sthiti meM artha se kathaMcita asambaddha mAnatA hai| bauddhoM ne svalakSaNa aura sAmAnyalakSaNa ke pratipAdana meM kSaNabhaMgavAda kI sthApanA kI hai / jaina bhI kSaNabhaMgavAda mAnate haiM, para paryAya kI dRSTi se / yaha paryAya utpAda aura vyaya kA pratIka hai| tathAgata buddha ne paryAyoM ko pradhAnatA dekara, traikAlika vastu kI sthiratA kA niSedha kiyA hai| isalie ve jJAnaparyAya ko to mAnate haiM, kintu jJAnaparyAya viziSTa dravya ko nahIM svIkAra krte| para jainadarzana meM donoM kA samanvaya hai / donoM kI pAramArthikatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / jainadarzana kA dhrauvya, bauddhadharma kA 'santAna' kahA jA sakatA hai / dhrauvya meM utpAda-vyaya ke mAdhyama se na to zAzvatavAda aura na ucchedavAda kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai aura na usakA dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravya rUpa se pariNamana hotA hai| 'santAna' bhI apane niyata pUrvakSaNa aura niyata uttarakSaNa ke sAtha kAryakAraNa bhAva rUpa meM sambaddha rahate haiM / antara yaha hai -

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188 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA isa 'santAna' ko bauddhadarzana ne paMkti aura senA ke samAna mRSA aura vyavahArataH kalpita mAnA hai - santAnaH samudAyazca paMkti senAdivanmRSA-bodhicaryAvatAra; para jainadarzana dhrauvya ko paramArtha sat mAnatA hai / vaha use tadravyatva kA niyAmaka prasthApita karatA hai / hara paryAya apane svarUpAstitva meM rahatI hai| vaha kabhI na to dravyAntara meM pariNata ho sakatI hai aura na vilIna ho sakatI hai| santAna kI antima pariNati to nirvANa meM citasantati kI samUlocchinnatA ke rUpa meM dRSTavya hai| parantu dravya kA samUloccheda kabhI nahIM hotA / vaha to arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| 3. dravya, dhrauvya aura guNa samAnArthaka zabda haiM / dhrauvya yA dravya meM jo anvayAMza hai, vaha santAna meM nhiiN| bauddhadarzana sAmAnya ko vastu sat nahIM mAnatA / vaha to use kalpita mAnatA hai / ekAkAra pratyaya hone se abheda dikhAI dene lagatA hai / vastutaH unameM abheda nahIM, bheda hI hai / ekAkAra parAmarza hone kA kAraNa vijAtIya vyAvRtti hai| eka hI go kI ago vyAvRtti hone se go kahA jAtA hai, apazu vyAvRtta hone se pazu kahA jAtA hai, adravya vyAvRtta hone se dravya kahA jAtA hai aura asad vyAvRtta hone se sat kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra vyAvRtti ke bheda se jAtibheda kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| jitanI paravastueM hoM, utanI vyAvRttiyA~ usa vastu se kalpita kI jA sakatI haiM / ataeva sAmAnya buddhi kA viSaya sAmAnya nahIM, kintu anyApoha ko hI mAnanA cAhie / bauddhoM ke isa avasturUpa sAmAnyavAda ko jainoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA / unhoMne anekAntavAda para AdhArita sAmAnya kI kalpanA kI / unakA mata hai ki sAdRzya pratyaya paryAyaniSTha aura vyaktiniSTha rahatA hai, ataH aneka hai| tiryaksAmAnya eka kAla meM aneka dezoM meM sthita aneka padArthoM meM samAnatA kI abhivyakti karatA hai aura UrdhvatAsAmAnya usake dhrauvyAtmaka tattva para vicAra karatA hai / jainoM kA yaha sAmAnyavAda sAMkhya ke pariNAmavAda se milatA julatA hai| vedAnta kA brahmAdvaita aura zabdAdvaitavAda kA zabdabrahma bhI lagabhaga isI prakAra kA hai| naiyAyikoM kA sAmAnya nitya aura vyApaka hai, jabaki jainoM kA sAmAnya anitya aura avyApaka hai / mImAMsakoM kA sAmAnya anekAntavAdI hote hue bhI ekAntavAda kI ora adhika jhukA huA hai, bauddhoM ne pratItya samutpAda ke mAdhyama se padArtha ko ekAntika rUpa se kSaNika mAnA / jainAcArya pratItya samutpAda ke sthAna para upAdAnopAdeyabhAva ko mAnate haiN| unakA dravya kUTastha nitya na hokara anvayI paryAya pravAha ke rUpa meM avicchinna hai| yahI usakA UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai| vaizeSika evaM naiyAyikoM ke samavAyikAraNa se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / jainadarzana kI dRSTi gau ityAdi rUpa se abAdhita pratyaya ke viSayabhUta gotvAdi sAmAnya kA abhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi abAdhita pratyayabhUta viSaya kA asattva mAnA jAya to vizeSa ko bhI asattva mAnanA par3egA / buddhi meM jo anugatAkAra kI pratIti hotI hai, vaha kisI bhI pramANa se bAdhita nahIM hotii|

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jainadarzana meM bauddhasammata 'paryAya' kI samIkSA 189 vaha pratyeka deza aura pratyeka kAla meM abAdhita hI rahatI hai aura padArtha meM sAmAnya ke vyavahAra kA hetu hotI hai / ataH anugatAkAra kA pratibhAsa karane vAlI abAdhita buddhi anugatAkArarUpa vastubhUta sAmAnya kI siddhi karatI hai| yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM koI buddhibheda nahIM hai| anyathA vAta aura AtApa meM bhI abheda mAnanA par3egA / ataH pratibhAsa bheda hI bhedavyavasthA kA hetu hotA hai / vastutaH sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kA pRthak-pRthak astitva hai| anugatAkAra jo sAmAnya pratibhAsa hotA hai, vaha bAhya meM sAdhAraNa nimitta gotvAdi sAmAnya ke binA nahIM ho sakatA (prameyakamala mArtaNDa, 4.4-5) / asAdhAraNa vyakti vizeSa bhI sAmAnya pratibhAsa ke hetu nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve to bheda rUpa hone ke kAraNa bheda-pratibhAsa hI kraayeNge| atatkAryakAraNa vyAvRtti bhI gAyoM meM gotva sAmAnya ke binA nahIM bana sakatI / yadi anugata pratyaya sAmAnya ke binA bhI ho jAtA hai to phira vyAvRtta pratyaya bhI vizeSa ke binA ho jAne kA prasaMga prApta hogA / ataH sAmAnya ko paramArtha sat mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai| yahA~ yaha bhI prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi sAmAnya kalpanAtmaka evaM mithyA hai to usako padArtha kyoM mAnA gayA tathA sAmAnya ko viSaya karane vAle anumAna ko pramANa kyoM mAnA gayA ? jo bhI ho anugatAkAra pratibhAsa kA Alambana vastubhUta sAmAnya ko mAnanA bauddhoM ke lie aparihArya hai / bauddhoM kA sAmAnya jainoM kA dravya hai aura bauddhoM kA vizeSa jainoM kA paryAya hai / bauddhadarzana paryAyavAdI hai| vahA~ vizeSa ke atirikta sAmAnya kA sadbhAva nahIM hai| abhAva rUpa sAmAnya ko yahA anyApoha kahA jAtA hai aura anyApoha ko zabda kA vAcya mAnate haiN| kintu jaba anyApoha sarvathA asat hai to vaha zabda kA vAcya bhI nahIM ho sakatA / bauddhoM ke anusAra zabda vastu ke vAcaka nahIM hai aura na vastu zabda kA vAcya hai| zabdoM ke dvArA anyavyAvRtti kA kathana hotA hai| go zabda gAya kA vAcaka nahIM hai, kintu agovyAvRtti ko kahatA hai| para jaina ise tathya saMgata nahIM mAnate / unakA kathana hai ki go zabda ko sunakara sAkSAt gAya kA jJAna hotA hai, anyavyAvatti ko nahIM / ataH gAya ko hI go zabda kA vAcya mAnanA ThIka hai| agovyAvRtti ko nahIM / anyApoha meM saMndeha bhI saMketa nahIM hai, kyoMki na to usakA koI svabhAva hai aura na vaha koI arthakriyA karatA hai| isalie bauddhoM ke dvArA mAnA gayA asat sAmAnya zabdoM kA vAcya nahIM ho sakatA hai| bauddha yadyapi dharmI meM svataH svabhAvabheda nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu anya vyAvRtti ke dvArA svabhAvabheda kI kalpanA karate haiM / para yaha taba sahI hotA jaba vahA~ vastubhUta asat, akRtaka Adi rUpa koI padArtha hotA / jaba vaisA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai to usase kisI kI vyAvRtti kaise ho sakatI hai| bauddha darzana meM dharma aura dharmI kI siddhi ApekSika mAnI gaI hai / ataH vizeSaNa-vizeSya, kAryakAraNa Adi kI siddhi ApekSika hone se ina saba kA vyavahAra kAlpanika ho jAtA hai / para aisI sthiti meM bauddhadarzana meM tattva kI vyavasthA nahIM ho skegii| nIla svalakSaNa aura nIla jJAna paraspara sApekSa haiM, to ve bhI mithyA siddha ho jaayeNge| ataH sarvathA ApekSika siddhi mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / kArya-kAraNa, sAmAnya-vizeSa Adi kI sattA sarvathA ApekSika nahIM hai, svatantra sattA hai| sarvathA ApekSika mAnane para donoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAtA hai /

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190 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA bauddha darzana meM padArtha ko svalakSaNa kahA jAtA hai / vaha avAcya aura anirdezya hai / para aisI sthiti meM na zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na koI upadeza diyA jA sakatA hai / vaha to ajJeya bana jAyegA / yadi kahA jAye ki zabda se anyApoha kA kathana hotA hai, zabda na padArtha meM rahate haiM aura na padArtha ke AdhAra haiM, para aisA mAnane para jisa prakAra artha meM zabda nahIM hai, usI prakAra indriya-jJAna meM viSaya bhI nahIM hai / isalie indriyajJAna ke hone para bhI viSaya kA jJAna nahIM hogA / ___bauddha sAmAnya aura svalakSaNa meM bheda mAnate haiM / unake anusAra svalakSaNa kA lakSaNa yA kArya arthakriyA karanA hai / isake viparIta sAmAnya koI bhI arthakriyA nahIM karatA hai / svalakSaNa paramArtha sat hai aura sAmAnya saMvRtisat / svalakSaNa vAstavika hai aura sAmAnya kAlpanika / yathArtha meM kevala svalakSaNa kI hI sattA hai| sAmAnya koI vAstavika padArtha nahIM hai| jaina dArzanika isakA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki isa prakAra svalakSaNa aura sAmAnya meM bheda karanA ThIka nahIM hai| "svaM asAdhAraNaM lakSaNaM yasyeti" vyutpatti ke anusAra jisa prakAra vizeSa (paryAya) vyAvRttijJAna rUpa arthakriyA karatA hai, usI prakAra sAmAnya (dravya) bhI anuvRtti jJAnarUpa arthakriyA karatA hai / bhAravahana Adi artha karane meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM samartha nahIM haiM, kintu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka gau hI ukta arthakriyA karatI hai / isI prakAra binA sAmAnya ke vizeSa bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| jisameM gotva nahIM hai, vaha gau yathArtha meM gau nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH padArtha meM na kevala sAmAnya rUpa hai aura na kevala vizeSa rUpa hai aura na pRthak-pRthak sAmAnya-vizeSa rUpa hai, kintu paraspara sApekSa hone se sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai / svalakSaNa meM vidhi-niSedha vyavahAra saMvRti (kalpanA) se mAnanA bhI tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba eka rUpa padArtha kI upalabdhi hotI ho / yadi usameM anekatva kI pratIti avidyA yA saMvRti ke kAraNa hotI hai to eka to saMsAra meM kisI tattva kI vyavasthA hI nahIM ho sakegI aura dUsare padArtha svataH anekAntAtmaka siddha ho jAyegA / astitva aura nAstitva avinAbhAvI dharma haiM, vizeSaNa-vizeSya haiM / unake abhAva meM vastu kA apanA kucha bhI svarUpa zeSa nahIM rahatA hai / dRzya aura vikalpya meM kathaMcit bhI tAdAtmya na ho to svalakSaNa ke svarUpa kA nirNaya hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie na to sAmAnya avAstavika hai aura na vizeSa se pRthak hai / sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ke tAdAtmya kA nAma hI padArtha hai| jaina dArzanika mAnate haiM ki kArya kathaMcit sat hai aura kathaMcit asat hai / dravya kI apekSA se kArya sat hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se asat / ghaTa kA upAdAna miTTI aura miTTI rUpa se ghaTa kA svabhAva sadA rahatA hai / anvaya-vyatireka ke sadbhAva meM hI kArya-kAraNa bhAva siddha hotA hai, sarvathA kSaNikavAda meM nhiiN| isa saMdarbha meM bauddha dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jahA~ Age-Age sadRza paryAyoM kI utpatti hotI jAtI hai, vahA~ upAdAna kA niyama hotA hai| arthAt vahA~ pUrva-paryAya uttara-paryAya kI upAdAna hotI hai aura jahA sadRza padArtha kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ upAdAna kA niyama nahIM hotA hai| miTTI aura ghaTa meM

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jainadarzana meM bauddhasammata 'paryAya' kI samIkSA 191 upAdAna kA niyama hai, sadRzatA ke kAraNa, para tantu aura ghaTa meM upAdAna kA niyama nahIM hai, kyoMki tantu se ghaTa visadRza hai / jaina uttara dete haiM ki mRtpiNDa aura ghaTa meM anvaya-vyatireka ke abhAva meM usI prakAra kA vailakSya hai, jisa prakAra tantu aura ghaTa meM hai| pUrva svabhAva kA sarvathA nAza hone para aura kisI padArtha ke dravya rUpa se sthita na rahane para bhI kArya kI utpatti mAnane para na to upAdAna kA niyama siddha ho sakatA hai aura na kArya kI utpatti meM vizvAsa hI ho sakatA hai| vAstava meM tantuoM kI apekSA se paTa rUpa kArya sat hai, aura ghaTa kI apekSA se asat hai / ata: asatkAryavAda aura niranvaya kSaNikavAda meM kArya kI utpatti asaMbhava hai| __ sarvadA kSaNabhaMgavAda para eka lambI bahasa jaina-bauddha dArzanikoM meM huI hai| jaina dArzanika vastu ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa mAnate haiM / isa sandarbha meM samantabhadrAcArya kI AptamImAMsA kI eka kArikA bar3I cartita huI hai - ghaTamauli suvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // 59 // payovrato na dadhyatti na payotti dadhivrataH agorasavato nobhe tasmAttatvaM trayAtmakam // 60 // yaha udAharaNa paryAya kiMvA anekAntavAda se sambaddha hai / vaidika AcAryoM ke samAna bauddhAcAryoM ne bhI isa sandarbha meM aneka prazna khar3e kiye haiM, jinakA uttara jainAcAryoM ne bhalIbhA~ti prastuta kiyA hai| virodha kA mUla svara hai ki astitva aura anastikAya athavA bhAva aura abhAva ye do virodhI dharma eka hI padArtha meM kaise raha sakate haiM ? jainAcAryoM ne kahA ki do virodhI dharma eka hI padArtha meM svadravyacatuSTaya ke AdhAra para rahate haiM aura paradravyacatuSTaya ke AdhAra para nahIM rahate (sarvamasti svarUpeNa pararUpeNa nAsti ca ) / padArtha kI utpatti, vinAza aura sthiti ko anyathAnupanna hetu' ke mAdhyama se siddha kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha bhI ise svIkAra karate haiN| unake mata meM sajAtIyakSaNa upAdAna kAraNa banate haiN| ise jaina paribhASA meM 'dhrauvya' kaha sakate haiM aura bauddha paribhASA meM 'santAna' / dhrauvya yA santAna ke mAne binA smRti, pratyabhijJAna, bandha-mokSa Adi nahIM ho sakate / pratyeka dravya meM bhedAbhedAtmaka tattva rahate haiM / dravya se guNa aura paryAyoM ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vyavahAra kI dRSTi se unakA saMjJA Adi meM bheda avazya ho jAtA hai / vAdirAja ne arcaTa ke khaNDana kA khaNDana isI AdhAra para kiyA hai (nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, 1087) / jAtyantara ke AdhAra para bhI virodhAtmakatA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNataH svabhAva ko dekhakara kisI ko narasiMha kaha denA / padArtha meM bhedAbhedAtmaka tattvoM kA saMmizraNa rahatA hI hai| isI ko jAtyantara kahate haiM / apekSA kI dRSTi se ve eka sthAna para bane rahate haiM / ataH koI virodha nahIM hai (anekAntajayapatAkA, bhAga 1. pR072; nyAyakumudacandra, pR0349)

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192 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA dharmakIrti kA yaha tarka bhI vyartha ho jAtA hai ki sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hone se dahI aura U~Ta eka ho jaayeNge| akalaMka ne isakA uttara dete hue kahA ki 'sarvebhAvAstadatatsvabhAvA' ke anusAra dahI aura U~Ta padArtha kI dRSTi se eka haiM para svabhAvAdi kI dRSTi se pRthak na hote to dahI ko khAne vAlA, U~Ta kyoM nahIM khA letA ? sAmAnya kA tAtparya hai sadRza pariNAma / dahI aura U~Ta sadRza pariNAma vAle nahIM / dahI paryAyeM alaga aura U~Ta paryAyeM alaga rahatI haiM / na dahI ko U~Ta kaha sakate haiM aura na U~Ta ko dahI / akalaMka ne yaha bhI kahA ki yadi dahI aura U~Ta kI paryAyeM eka ho sakatI haiM to sugata pUrva paryAya meM mRga the, phira sugata kI pUjA kyoM kI jAtI aura mRga kyoM khAne ke kAma AtA hai ? ataH dravya aura paryAyoM meM tAdAtmya aura niyata sambandha Avazyaka hai| koI bhI dravya apanI sambhAvita paryAyoM meM hI pariNata ho sakatA hai (nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, bhAga 2, pR0233; siddhivinizcaya svavRtti, 6.37) / AlayavijJAna, vijJAnavAda kA mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai / vaha samasta dharmoM kA bIja hai| isI vijJAna se saMsAra ke samasta padArtha utpanna hote haiM / AlayavijJAna eka cetanA hai / citta, mana aura vijJAna usI ke nAmAntara haiM / yaha lagabhaga vaha saba kAma karatA hai jo bauddhetara darzanoM meM Atmatattva karatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne AlayavijJAna ko AtmA ke rUpa meM dekhA hai, parantu vijJAnavAda use usa rUpa meM nahIM mAnatA / use vaha citta saMtati ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai / jainadarzana meM jJAnaparyAya pratyeka kSaNa meM badalate rahate haiM aura pUrvajJAna ke bAda uttara jJAnaparyAya utpanna hotA hai| usI taraha vijJAnavAda meM pUrva citta kA nAza aura uttara citta kA utpAda hotA hai / isa prakAra citta kI santati anAdikAla se calatI A rahI hai / jaina dravyavAdI haiN| bauddha paryAyavAdI haiM / bauddha paryAyavAda meM jJAna ke atirikta anya kisI dravya kA astitva nahIM hai, parantu jaina dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastuvAdI hone ke kAraNa jJAna ko jIva dravya kA guNa mAnate haiM aura isI guNa kI vividha avasthAoM ko paryAya / AlayavijJAnavAdI sukha-duHkha ko vipAka nahIM mAnate / Alaya vijJAna hI unakI dRSTi se zubhAzubha karmoM kA vipAka hai (triMzikA vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi, pR0-154) / jainAcArya ise dravyArthikanaya kI dRSTi se hI upayukta mAnate haiN| unake anusAra cetana AtmA se abhinna aise jJAna aura sukha kA cetanatvena abheda ho sakatA hai, parantu paryAyanaya kI apekSA se jJAna aura sukha aise do atyanta bhinna paryAya eka hI AtmA ke haiM / ataeva jJAna aura sukha kA aikAntika tAdAtmya nahIM / sukha AlhAdanAkAra hai aura jJAna meya bodhana rUpa hai / sukha hotA hai savaidya nAmaka adRSTa ke udaya se aura jJAna hotA hai anAvaraNIya Adi karmoM ke kSayopazamAdi se / yaha niyama nahIM ki abhinna kAraNajanya hone se jJAna aura sukha abhinna hI haiM, kyoMki kumbhAdi ke bhaMga se utpanna hone vAle zabda aura kapAlakhaNDa meM kisI bhI prakAra se aikya nahIM dekhA jAtA (aSTasahastrI, pR078, nyAyakumudacandra pra0-129 : syAdvAda ratnAkara, pR0178) / AtmA hI upAdAna kAraNa hai aura vahIM jJAna aura sakha rUpa se pariNata hotA hai| ataeva jJAna aura sakha kA kathaMcita bheda / para bhI AtmA se una donoM kA atyanta bheda nahIM hai / sAMkhyoM ne sukhAdi ko prakRti kA pariNAma mAnA hai, ataeva acetana bhI / kintu bauddhoM ke anusAra zabda vastu ke vAcaka nahIM hai aura na vastu zabda kA vAcya hai / zabdoM ke dvArA anyavyAvRtti kA kathana hotA hai / go zabda gAya kA vAcaka nahIM hai, kintu

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jainadarzana meM bauddhasammata 'paryAya' kI samIkSA 193 agovyAvRtti ko kahatA hai / para jaina ise tathya saMgata nahIM mAnate / unakA kathana hai ki gozabda ko sunakara sAkSAt gAya kA jJAna hotA hai, anyavyAvRtti kA nahIM / ataH gAya ko hI go zabda kA vAcya mAnanA ThIka hai, agovyAvRtti ko nahIM / anyApoha meM saMketa bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki na to usakA koI svabhAva hai aura na vaha koI arthakriyA karatA hai / isalie bauddhoM ke dvArA mAnA gayA asat sAmAnya zabdoM kA vAcya nahIM ho sakatA hai| bauddha yadyapi dharmI meM svataH svabhAvabheda nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu anyavyAvRtti ke dvArA svabhAvabheda kI kalpanA karate haiM / para yaha taba sahI hotA, jaba vahA~ vastubhUt asat akRtaka Adi rUpa koI padArtha hotA / jaba vaisA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai to usase kisI kI vyAvRtti kaise ho sakatI hai| bauddhadarzana meM dharma aura dharmI kI siddhi ApekSika mAnI gaI hai| ataH vizeSaNa-vizeSa, kAryakAraNa Adi kI siddhi ApekSika hone se ina saba kA vyavahAra kAlpanika ho jAtA hai| para aisI sthiti meM bauddhadarzana meM tattva kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakegI / nIla svalakSaNa aura nIla jJAna paraspara sApekSa haiM to ve bhI mithyA siddha ho jaayeNge| ataH sarvathA ApekSika siddhi mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| kArya-kAraNa, sAmAnya-vizeSa Adi kI sattA sarvathA ApekSika nahIM hai, svatantra sattA hai| sarvathA ApekSika mAnane para donoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga upasthiti ho jAtA hai| bauddhadarzana meM padArtha ko svalakSaNa kahA jAtA hai / vaha avAcya aura anirdezya hai / para aisI sthiti meM na zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na koI upadeza diyA jA sakatA hai| vaha to ajJeya bana jAyegA / yadi yaha kahA jAye ki zabda se anyApoha kA kathana hotA hai, zabda na padArtha meM rahate haiM aura na padArtha ke AkAra haiN| para aisA mAnane para jisa prakAra artha meM zabda nahIM hai, usI prakAra indriyajJAna meM viSaya bhI nahIM hai / isalie indriyajJAna ke hone para bhI viSaya kA jJAna nahIM hogA / bauddha sAmAnya aura svalakSaNa meM bheda mAnate haiM / unake anusAra svalakSaNa kA lakSaNa yA kArya arthakriyA karanA hai / isake viparIta sAmAnya koI bhI arthakriyA nahIM karatA / svalakSaNa paramArtha sat hai aura sAmAnya saMvRti sat / svalakSaNa vAstavika haiM aura sAmAnya kAlpanika / yathArtha meM kevala svalakSaNa kI hI sattA hai / sAmAnya koI vAstavika padArtha nahIM hai| jaina dArzanika isakA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki isa prakAra svalakSaNa aura sAmAnya meM bheda karanA ThIka nahIM hai| "svaM asAdhAraNaM lakSaNaM yasyeti" vyutpatti ke anusAra jisa prakAra vizeSa (paryAya) vyAvRtti jJAna rUpa arthakriyA karatA hai, usI prakAra sAmAnya (dravya) bhI anuvRtti jJAnarUpa arthakriyA karatA hai| bhAravahana Adi arthakriyA karane meM jaina-bauddha samAna rUpa se sukhAdi ko caitanya rUpa se hI siddha karate haiM aura svasaMvidita bhI / (nyAyAvatAra vRtti, pR0-20; pramANavArtika 2.38) / dravyArthikanaya ke uttarabheda tIna haiM - naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra / paryAyArthika ke uttarabheda cAra haiM - RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta / inameM bauddhadarzana kA sambandha RjusUtra naya se vizeSa hai| bhUta aura bhaviSyat kAla kI apekSA na karake, kevala vartamAna samayavartI eka paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAle

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194 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA naya ko RjusUtranaya kahate haiM / paryAya eka kSaNavartI hotI hai| RjusUtra naya vartamAna paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, atIta aura anAgata paryAya ko grahaNa nahIM karatA / yathArtha meM atIta ke vinaSTa ho jAne se tathA anAgata ko anutpanna hone se unameM paryAya-vyavahAra ho bhI nahIM sakatA / isI se RjusUtranaya kA viSaya vartamAna paryAya mAtra batalAyA gayA hai / isa naya meM dravya sarvathA avivakSita hai| yahA~ hamane saMkSepa meM bauddhadarzana sammata paryAya kI jaina darzana kI dRSTi se samIkSA kI hai| saMdarbha 1. yasminneva tu santAne ahitA karmavAsanA / phalaM tatraiva saMdhatte, kArpAse rakta yathA // - tattvasaMgraha paJjikA, pR0182 meM uddhRta 2. dizaM na kAJcidvidizaM na kAJcita nevAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dIpo yathA nirvRtimabhyupeta: snehakSayAt kevalameti zAntim / / - saundarAnanda, 16.28.29 3. pramANavArtika, 3.40,3.133, 3.67-69

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jaina sAdhanA paddhati : mano'nuzAsanam hemalatA boliyA sAdhanA vaha vaicArika prakriyA, sAmAjika AcaraNa athavA dhArmika anuzAsana hai, jisake abhyAsa dvArA hama apane vyaktitva ko sArthaka karate hue apane dhyeya ko prApta karanA cAhate haiM / "sAdhanA" zabda kI niSpatti 'sidh' se preraNArtha meM 'Nic' pratyaya lagane para dhAtu ko 'sAdh' Adeza hokara tathA 'sAdh' se bhAvakarmArtha 'yuc' pratyaya aura strItva vivakSA meM 'TAp' pratyaya lagakara huI haiM jisakA artha hai pUjA, arcanA, arAdhana yA prasAdana / mAnavIya kSamatA ke vikAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara, tattvavetA mahApuruSoM ne khAna-pAna se lekara jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM hone vAlI kriyAoM para sUkSma vicAra kiyA / pratyeka kriyA ko dharmamaya kahakara, use sAvadhAnIpUrvaka saceta rUpa se karane kA nirdeza diyaa| isa prakAra AcAryoM dvArA nirdezita sampUrNa jIvana hI sAdhanA bana gayA / sAdhanA ko AcAryoM ne tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| (1) bhautika sAdhanA, (2) naitika sAdhanA aura (3) AdhyAtmika sAdhanA / bhautika sAdhanA ke antargata ve saba vastue~ AtI haiM, jo zarIra saMcaranA se lekara saMrakSaNa paryanta upayogI hai| isameM zarIrazuddhi, zarIra kI AvazyakatA evaM upabhoga kI vastu kI prApti ke lie kiyA gayA prayAsa bhI sammilita hai| naitika sAdhanA kA kSetra vyakti se bar3hakara samAja taka jAtA hai| sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha evaM maryAdAoM ke pAlana meM prayoga hone vAle vrata, maitrI Adi bhAvanA, paraspara upagraha naitika sAdhanA ke aMga hai / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM vyakti zarIra evaM sAmAjika maryAdAoM se Upara uThakara, AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi ko apanA lakSya banAtA hai / Asana, prANAyAma, dhyAna Adi ke prayoga isI kSetra ke viSaya haiM / 2 AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko prAyaH sabhI dharmoM aura dArzanika sampradAyoM ne mahattva diyA / apane-apane dRSTikoNa evaM saraNi ke anusAra jJAna, jagat se virAga tathA AtmasvarUpa meM vilaya athavA Atma prApti hetu vibhinna sAdhanA mArga sujhaaye| maitrAyaNI upaniSada meM sAdhanA kI isa paddhati ko yoga nAma dete hae usake cha: aMgoM kA vivecana kiyA hai - (1) prANAyAma (2) pratyAhAra (3) dhyAna (4) dhAraNA (5) tarka (6) samAdhi / maharSi pataJjali ne isameM yama, niyama aura Asana nAmaka tattvoM ko jor3A tathA tarka ko haTAkara yoga ko aSTAMga banA diyA /

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196 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jainasAdhanA paddhati ke sUtra, AgamoM meM bhI milate haiM / jahA~ zuddha sAtvika jIvana kA AdhAra triratna ko mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana kA bhavya prAsAda samyagjJAna, samyakdarzana evaM samyakcAritra inhIM tIna AdhAroM para avasthita hai| phira tapa ko cAritra ke eka atirikta aMga ke rUpa meM sammilita kara ise catuSpAda banA diyA gayA / jaina sAdhanA vItarAgatA ko pramukhatA detI hai| ataH vaha sAMsArika AkarSaNa ko kaSAya kA svarUpa mAnate hue sAdhaka ko inase bacane kI salAha detI hai| yaha vyavahAra aura nizcaya ke rUpa meM to dvividhA hai hI, parantu zramaNa dharma zrAvaka dharma ke rUpa meM bhI dvividhA hai, jise sarvavirati aura deza virati ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai / muni nathamala (vartamAna AcArya mahAprajJa) ke zabdoM meM - "sAdhanA kA krama prApta mArga yaha hai ki hama pahale asatpravRtti se haTakara satpravRtti kI bhUmikA meM AyeM aura phira nivRtti kI bhUmikA ko prApta kareM / "6 tapa sAdhanA ke vikAsa krama meM jaina, bauddha aura zaiva darzana chaThI-sAtavI zatAbdI ke madhya yoga ke samIpa Aye / bauddhoM meM vajrayAnazAkhA taMtra-maMtrasAdhanA dvArA loka-paraloka vijaya kI kAmanA karane lagI, to zaivoM meM pAtaJjala yoga kA sahArA lekara haThayoga kI pravRtti banI / siddha aura nAthoM kI paramparA ke samakAla meM hI jaina AcAryoM ne jaina yoga kI dRSTi se vicAra karanA prArambha kiyA / tapa ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, dvAdazavrata aura anuprekSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jaina sAhitya meM yaugika kriyAoM ke sAhityika aura prAtyakSika anuprayoga hone lage / ___jainayoga kI paramparA ko vyavasthita rUpa AcArya haribhadra ne diyA / unhoMne yogabindu, yogadRSTisamuccaya Adi yaugika granthoM kI racanA kara yoga ko eka nayA rUpa diyA / pataJjali ke aSTAMgayoga kI bhAMti ATha dRSTiyoM kI carcA kI tathA mokSa prApti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM dharma vyApAra ko mAnakara, adhyAtma bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRttisaMkSaya rUpa yoga ke pA~ca bheda kiye / AcArya devanaMdi pUjyapAda ne iSTopadeza, samAdhitantra, AcArya hemacaMdra ne yogazAstra, zubhacaMdra ne jJAnArNava, zrI nAgasenamuni ne tattvAnuzAsana, yazovijaya ne adhyAtmasAra, adhyotmopaniSada, maMgalavijaya ne yogapradIpa, amitagati ne yogasAraprAbhRta, somadevasUri ne yogamArga, AcArya bhAskaranaMdi ne dhyAnastava tathA yogIndudeva ne paramAtmAprakAzayogasAraH kI racanA kara, jaina yoga kI paramparA ko samRddha kiyA / terApaMtha ke navam AcArya tulasI kA mahatva sarvAtizAyI hai / ve tattvavettA, manISI, cintaka, sAdhaka, zikSAzAstrI, dharmAcArya, bahubhASAvijJa, samAjasudhAraka, Azukavi, prakANDapaNDita aura dArzanika the| inhoMne jainasiddhAntadIpikA, bhikSunyAyakaNikA, paMcasUtram, zikSASaNNavati tathA karttavyaSatriziMkA kA hI praNayana nahIM kiyA apitu yoga evaM mana ko anuzAsita karane ke lie AcArya ne 'mano'nuzAsana' kI racanA kI / mano'nuzAsana kI racanA meM darzanazAstra meM bahu pracalita sUtra zailI kA Azraya grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtra zailI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM gUDha bhAvoM ko kama se kama zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / sUtrakAra viSaya kI saMkSiptatA kA itanA dhyAna rakhate haiM ki kisI bAta ko kahane meM ve eka zabda bhI kama prayoga kara sake to yaha unake lie utanA hI sukhakAraka hotA hai, jitanA putrotsava hotA hai / AcArya ke sUtra kaNThastha karane ke lie upayogI hote haiM, unhIM sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kara, ve apane viSaya ko kitanA bhI vistAra de sakate haiM /

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jaina sAdhanA paddhati : mano'nuzAsanam 197 AcArya tulasI ne sAdhaka evaM sudhI vidvAnoM ke sahaja smaraNa rakhane ke lie 181 sUtroM meM hindI vyAkhyA kara, isakI upAdeyatA meM cAra cA~da hI nahIM lagAye apitu ise sarvabodhagamya banA diyA / __ "mano'nuzAsanam" ke praNayana meM AcArya tulasI maharSi pataJjali se prabhAvita hai, jise nimna vivecana se samajhA jA sakatA hai - pataJjali AcArya tulasI atha yogAnuzAsanam / atha "mano'nuzAsana" / yogazcittavRttinirodhaH / indriyasApekSa sarvArthagrAhi traikAlikaM saMjJAnaM manaH / "mano'nuzAsana" kA paricaya : yaha grantha sAta prakaraNoM meM vibhAjita hai / prathama prakaraNa meM mana, indriya aura Atma nirUpaNa ke sAtha yoga ke lakSaNa, zodhana aura nirodha kI prakriyA aura upAyoM kA varNana haiM / dvitIya prakaraNa meM mana ke prakAra aura nirodha ke upAya / tRtIya prakaraNa meM dhyAna kA lakSaNa aura usake sahAyaka tattva, sthAna (Asana), pratisaMlInatA (pratyAhAra) kI paribhASA, prakAra, svAdhyAya, bhAvanA, vyutsarga kI prakriyA / caturtha prakaraNa meM dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhAraNA, samAdhi, lezyA Adi kA vivecana haiM / paMcama prakaraNa meM prANAyAma kA vistRta vivecana ke sAtha hone vAlI siddhiyA~ varNita hai / SaSTha prakaraNa meM mahAvratoM (yamoM) ke sAtha saMkalpa kA nirUpaNa hai aura zramaNa dharma ke prakAroM ke rUpa meM niyama kA varNana hai| saptam prakaraNa meM bhAvanA evaM phala niSpatti kA vivecana haiM / "mano'nuzAsanam" ko AcArya tulasI kRta jaina yoga kA sUtragrantha kahA jA sakatA hai / isake viSaya meM terApaMtha ke dasaveM AcArya mahAprajJa jI ne kahA hai - "isameM yogazAstra kI sarvasAdhAraNa dvArA agrAhya sUkSmatAe~ nahIM hai| kintu jo haiM, anubhavayogya aura bahujanasAdhya haiM / isa mAnasika zithilatA ke yuga meM mana ko prabala banAne kI sAdhana-sAmagrI prastuta kara AcArya zrI ne mAnava-jAti ko bahuta hI upakRta kiyA hai / "11 yaha AkAra meM laghu aura prakAra meM guru hai / 12 "mano'nuzAsanam" kA prayojana : AcArya tulasI'2 ne 'mano'nuzAsanam' kI racanA ke pIche apanA maMtavya spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - 'mAnasika santulana ke abhAva meM vyakti kA jIvana dUbhara ho jAtA hai / saba saMyogoM meM bhI eka vicitra khAlIpana kI anubhUti hotI hai| aneka vyakti pUchate haiM - zAnti kaise mile ? mana sthira kaise ho ? maiM unheM yathocita samAdhAna detA / ye prazna kucheka vyaktiyoM ke nahIM haiM / ye vyApaka prazna haiM / isalie inakA samAdhAna bhI vyApaka stara para honA cAhie / 'mano'nuzAsanam' nirmANa kA yahI prayojana hai|

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198 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaisA ki kahA bhI jAtA hai - "mana evaM manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH / " arthAt manuSya kA mana hI bandhana aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai| "vaha anuzAsana se hI prApta hotA hai / bala-prayoga se ve (indriyoM ora mana) vazavartI nahIM kiye jA sakate / haTha se unheM niyaMtrita karane kA yatna karane para ve kuNThita bana jAte haiN| unakI zakti tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba ye prazikSaNa ke dvArA anuzAsita kie jAe / "14 'mano'nuzAsanam' kI vizeSatAe~ : 1. AcArya tulasI ne ise sarvagrAhya banAne ke lie sIdhe mana se prArambha kiyaa| mana ko prAthamikatA dene ke kAraNa hI sarva prathama mana kI paribhASA dI, anantara mana aura indriyoM kA sambandha nirUpaNa karate hue AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana kara, mana ke svAmI AtmA dvArA mana ke anuzAsana kI prakriyA ko yoga kahA / aisI sthiti meM mana ko indriya aura AtmA ko madhyastha mAnakara, indriyoM ke dvArA mana se prApta jJAna zuddha ho, isa hetu mana ke saMsAdhana svarUpa indriyoM ke zodhana kI bAta prathama prakaraNa meM kahIM hai| isa prathama prakaraNa meM ve aneka sthaloM para pataJjali se bhinna dRSTikoNa lie hue bhI haiM / yathA - (1) jahA~ darzana meM mana ko saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka mAnA jAtA hai, vahIM AcArya tulasI ne isakI paribhASA meM likhA hai - indriyasApekSaM sarvArthagrAhitraikAlikaM saMjJAnaM manaH15 yahA~ mana kI sthiti jJAna ke saMgrAhaka kI hai| ataH mana ke saMgrAhaka ke zodhana aura nirodha kI prakriyA isameM mahattvapUrNa ho gaI hai| (2) yoga kI paribhASA bhI viziSTa hai / jahA~ yogadarzanakAra pataJjali'6 cittavRttinirodha ko yoga kahate haiM vahIM mana, vANI, kAya, AnApAna (prANApAna), indriya aura AhAra ke nirodha ko yoga kahate haiM / ataH ve indriya AhAra ke nirodha se pUrva zodhana kI bAta karate haiM / (3) dvitIya prakaraNa meM mana ke cha: bhedoM kA varNana hai - mUr3ha, vikSipta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa, sulIna aura niruddha / 18 jabaki AcArya hemacaMdra ne yogazAstra meM cAra prakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| yoga darzana meM mUDha, kSipta, vikSipta, ekAgra aura niruddha bheda se citta kI pA~ca bhUmiyoM (avasthAe~) mAnI gayI haiM / mana ke cha: prakAra AcArya tulasI kI apanI maulika udbhAvanA haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki, unhoMne ekAgrabhUmi ke hI do stara mAne haiM - zliSTa (sthira mana) aura sulIna (susthira mana) / (4) maharSi pataJjali ne cittavRtiyoM ke nirodha kA sAdhana jahA~ abhyAsa aura vairAgya batalAyA hai, vahIM jainAcAryo22 ne jJAna aura vairAgya ko / AcArya tulasI ne jJAna - vairAgya ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM zraddhAprakarSa, zithilIkaraNa, saMkalpa, nirodha, dhyAna, gurUpedaza aura prayatna kI bahulatA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / (5) mana ko niyaMtrita karane kI prakriyA meM dhyAna ko vizeSa mahattva dete hue AcArya ne apane

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199 jaina sAdhanA paddhati : mano'nuzAsanam tIsare prakaraNa kA viSaya dhyAna kI sAmagrI ko banAyA hai / dhyAna kI paribhASA mana ko Alambana para TikAnA athavA yoga kA nirodha karanA hI hai / 24 sAdhanA meM mana lagA rahe, isalie indriya japa ko AdhAra banAkara ekAgra sanniveza kI sAmagrI ke rUpa meM UnodarikA, rasaparityAga, upavAsa, sthAna, mauna, pratisaMlInatA, bhAvanA, vyutsarga Adi kA samAveza kara diyA gayA / 25 yaha AcArya kI apanI udbhAvanA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne sthAna (AsAna) ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - Urdhva, niSIdana aura zayana ke rUpa meM aura inhIM ke antargata yoga varNita AsanoM kA varNana kiyA hai / (6) isI prakaraNa meM dhyAna kI samagra sAmagriyoM kI paribhASA evaM usakI upayogitA pratipAdita kI hai| isI krama meM pratisaMlInatA kA vivecana kiyA hai, jo yoga ke pratyAhAra ke samakakSa pratIta hotI hai| jo jainayoga kA apanA pAribhASika zabda hai - jisakA bhAva hai, azubha pravRttiyoM se zarIra, indriya tathA mana kA saMkoca karanA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sva ko aprazasta se haTA prazasta kI ora prayANa karanA hai| isake cAra bheda haiM26 - (1) indriya-pratisaMlInatA (2) mana-pratisaMlInatA (3) kaSAya pratisaMlInatA aura (4) upakaraNa pratisaMlInatA / AcArya tulasI ne - "indriya-kaSAya-nigraho - viviktavAsazca pratisaMlInatA"27 lakSaNa kiyA hai, jisake anusAra tIna rUpa haiM / mana kA antarbhAva indriya meM kara diyA aura upakaraNa viviktavAsa kA hI rUpa haiM / indriyanigraha ke upAya ke rUpa meM dvAdaza bhAvanA28 aura maitrI - pramoda - karuNA - madhyasthA Adi cAra bhAvanA kA29, kaSAyanigraha ke lie vyutsarga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dvAdaza bhAvanA aura vyutsarga jaina dharma kI apanI vizeSatA hai / vyutsarga kA AcArya zrI ne vizeSa vivecana kiyA hai| (7) caturtha prakaraNa meM dhyAtA, dhyAnasthala, dhyAna ke bheda, dhAraNA, prekSA kA vivecana kiyA / jahA~ piNDastha dhyAna ke antargata AcArya hemacandra, zubhacandra32 aura zrI nAgasenamuni ne dhAraNA ke pArthivI, AgneyI, mAruti, vAruNI aura tAttvikI (tattvabhU) ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra mAne, vahIM AcArya ne dhAraNA ke cAra prakAra hI mAne / 34 dhAraNA ke bAda samAdhi5 kA vivecana bhI AcArya ne isI prakaraNa meM kara diyA aura lezyA se abhinna batAyA hai| (8) paMcama prakaraNa meM prANAyAma kA 27 sUtroM meM vizada vivecana kiyA jo usake mahattva kA sUcaka hai, jise jainAcAryoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM jisa kuzalatA se AcArya ne prANAyAma ke prakAra, varNa sthAna, dhvani bIja, kisa sthAna para nirodha se kyA lAbha hotA hai ? Adi kA vivecana kiyA vaha apane Apa meM viziSTa haiM / prANAyAma ke lie eka svataMtra prakaraNa kA praNayana isa bAta ko dyotaka hai ki yogAMgoM meM usakA kitanA mahattva hai / AcArya tulasI kI dRSTi meM citta (mana) prANAyAma se hI sthira hotA hai / 37 (9) SaSTha prakaraNa meM yogAMgoM meM yama ke nAma se prasiddha paJcamahAvratoM38 kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai|

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200 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA inako sAdhanA ke sAdhana mAnane ke sthAna para sAdhya mAna liyA gayA hai| AcArya mana ke niyamana se prArambha kI gaI yAtrA ko dhyAna kI sAmagrI, dhyAtA ke bheda, dhAraNA, samAdhi aura prANAyAma se bar3hakara paMca mahAvratoM aura zramaNa dharma39 ke rUpa meM niyamoM kI siddhi taka le Aye haiM / isI prakaraNa meM samAdhi se prApta hone vAlI 'ahaM brahmA'smi' kI bhAvanA ke samAna jyotirmayo'haM, Anandamayo'haM, svastho'haM, nirvikAro'haM, vIryavAna'haM' - kI bhAvanA kA udaya dikhAyA, jo AtmA ke vikAsa kI antima sIr3hI hai / 40 saptama prakaraNa meM to eka prakAra se sAdhanA se hone vAlI phalazruti ke samAna jina bhAvanA kA AcArya tulasI ne 'mano'nuzAsanam' kI racanA kara, jaina jagat kI eka alaukika yoga dRSTi kA vikAsa kiyA hai| AcArya tulasI kA 'mano'nuzAsanam' usI prakAra jainayoga kA sUtragrantha siddha hogA jisa prakAra vaidika yogadarzana kA sUtragrantha pataJjali kA yogasUtra hai / inhoMne pataJjali kI zailI apanAyI, unake viSaya bhI liye, parantu unhoMne apanI dRSTi se apane krama se prastuta kiye haiM, eka taraha se unhoMne yoga kA jaina tattva-mImAMsA ke Aloka meM dekhakara, tadanurUpa vyavasthita kiyA hai, jo jaina evaM jainettara sabhI sAdhakoM ke lie upayogI hai / AcArya tulasI para hemacandrAcArya aura zrI nAgasena muni Adi kA paryApta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai, phira bhI unakI apanI sarvAtizAyI zemuSIdRSTi aura sarvakaSAprajJA ne 'mano'nuzAsanam' ko eka navIna rUpa pradAna kiyA hai / saMdarbha 1. saMskRta - hindI - zabdakoSa, vAmanazivarAma ApTe, pR01095 2. puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha, jamanAlAla jaina, jaina sAdhanA kA rahasya, pR0417-419 prANAyAmaH pratyAhAro dhyAnaM dhAraNA tarkaH samAdhi SaDaMga ityucyate / 6/18 4. yamaniyamAsanaprANAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAghyAnasamAdhayo'STAMgAni / yogasUtra - 2/29 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/2 6. mano'nuzAsanam - AcArya tulasI, pR014 7. mitA tArA bAlA sthirA kAntA prabhA parA / namAmi yogadRSTinAM lakSaNaM ca nibodhataH // yogadRSTisamuccayaH-14 8. AdhyAtma bhAvanA dhyAnaM samatA vRtisaMkSayaH / mokSeNa yojanAdyogaH, eSa zreSTho yathottaram // yogabinduH, 31 9. yogasUtra - 1/1,2 10. mano'nuzAsanam, 1/1,2 11. mano'nuzAsanam-muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa), Amukha 12. vahI,

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jaina sAdhanA paddhati : mano'nuzAsanam 201 13. vahI, AcArya tulasI, bhUmikA 14. mano'nuzAsanam, AcArya tulasI, bhUmikA 15. vahI, 1/2 16. yogazcittavRttinirodhaH / yogasUtra-1/2 17. mano'nuzAsanam-1/11 18. mUDha - vikSipta-yAtAyAtaM - zliSTa - sulIna - niruddhabhed manaH SoDhA / mano'nuzAsanam 2/1 .. 19. ihaM vikSiptaM yAtAyAtaM zliSTaM tathA sulInaM ca / cetazcatuH prakAraM tajjJacamatkArakArI bhaveta // 12/2 20. kSiptaM mUDhaM vikSiptamekAgraM niruddhimiti cittabhUmayaH / yogasUtra, vyAsabhASya 1/2 kSiptaM mUDhaM vikSipta ekAgraM niruddhaM cittasya bhUmayaH cittasya avasthAM vizeSAH / bhojavRtti - 1/2 21. abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH / yogasUtra - 1/12 22. (1) jJAna vairAgyarajjUbhyAM nityamutthavartinaH / jitacitena zakyante dhartumindriyavAjinaH // tattvAnuzAsanam - zloka, 77 (2) jJAna - vairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH / mano'nuzAsanam - 2/16 23. zraddhAprakarSeNa / zithilIkaraNe na ca / saMkalpanirodhena / dhyAnena ca / gurupadeza - prayatnabAhulyAbhyAM tadupalabdhiH / vahI, 2/17 se 21 sUtra 24. 25. UnodarikA - rasaparityAgopavAsa - sthAna-mauna-pratisaMlInatA svadhyAya-bhAvanA-vyutsargAstat samagrayama / vahI, 3/2 26. aupapAttikasUtra, bAhya tapa adhikAra tathA vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 25/7/7 27. mano'nuzAsanam, 3/13 28. anitya - azaraNa - bhava - ekatva - anyatva - azauca - Asrava - saMvara -nirjarA - dharma - loka saMsthAna - bodhidurlabhatA / vahI, 3/19 29. maitrI - pramoda - kAruNya madhyathatAzca / vahI, 3/20 30. zarIra - gaNa - upadhi - bhaktapAna kaSAyANA virjanaM vyutsargaH / vahI, 3/22 31. pArthivI syAdathagneyI mAruti vAruNI / tattvabhUH paMcamI ceti piMDasthe paMcadhAraNAH // yogazAstra, 7/9 32. jJAnAvarNava, sarga - 37 33. tattvAnuzAsanam, zloka - 183/187

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202 jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA 34. pArthivI - AgneyI - mAruti - vAruNIti caturtha / vahI, 4/16 35. zaddhacaitanyAnabhavaH samAdhiH / vikalpazanyatvena cittasya samAdhAnaM vA / saMtulanaM vA / mano'nuzAsanam, 4/27 se 24 36. sunirNItasusiddhAntaiH prANAyAmaH prazaste / munibhirdhyAnasiddhayartha sthairyArtha cAntarAtmanaH // jJAnArNavaH, 29/1 37. sthirI bhavanti cetAMsi prANAyAmAvalambinAm / vahI, 29/14 38. sarvathA hiMsA'nRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo viratirmahAvratam / mano'nuzAsanam, 6/1 39. kSamA - mArdava - Arjava - zauca - saMyama - tapastyAga - AkiMcanya - brahmacaryANi zramaNadharmaH // vahI, 6/ 40. mano'nuzAsanam, 6/27 41. vahI, 7/1-5 42. vahI, 7/6-9

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lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ke nidezaka pro. jitendra bI. zAha bhAratIya dharma evaM darzana ke vidvAna haiM, Apane ema.e. evaM pIeca.DI. (bhAratIya darzana evaM vizva ke dharma) tathA jaina darzana meM AcArya kI upAdhiyA prApta kI hai| ApakA dvAdazAranayacakra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sahita darzanazAstra kI vividha zAkhAoM meM 14 saMzodhana paraka graMthoM, 50 saMpAdita graMthoM tathA lagabhaga 70 zodhalekhoM kA bhAratIya vidyA ke kSetra meM yogadAna rahA hai| pro. zAha 1998 se bI. ela. insTiTyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, dillI ke vAIsa-ceyaramena sahita deza evaM videza ke eka darjana zaikSaNika evaM sAmAjika saMsthAnoM meM sakriya rUpa se jur3e hue haiN| jaina dharma meM paryAya kI avadhAraNA Pages : 8 + 202 Price: Rs. 300/ISBN : 81-85857-53-9

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lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ahamadAbAda