Shramanvidya Part 3

Author(s): Brahmadev Narayan Sharma
Publisher: Sampurnanand Sanskrut Vishvavidyalaya Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/014030/1

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saMkAya patrikA zramaNavidyA [bhAga - 3] saMskRtavarSa - vizeSAGka saMskRta-vi nanda ampUNAna Sarcellore Rtama. gopAya sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya kttnnn

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SANKAYA PATRIKA SRAMANAVIDYA [ Vol. 3] BOARD OF EDITORS DR. RAJIVA RANJANA SINGH DR. RAMESA KUMARA DVIVEDI DR. FULACANDA JAINA EDITED BY PROF. BRAHMADEVA NARAYANA SARMA Head, Pali and Theravada Department Dean, Faculty of Sramana-Vidya nas -vizvavi sampUNAna vidyAlayA utama meM gopAya SAMPURNANAND SANSKRIT UNIVERSITY, VARANASI 2000

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Research Publication Supervisor - Director, Research Institute Sampurnanand Sanskrit University Varanasi. Published byDr. Harish Chandra Mani Tripathi Director, Publication Institute Sampurnanand Sanskrit University Varanasi-221 002. Available at - Sales Department, Sampurnanand Sanskrit University Varanasi-221 002. First Edition, 500 Copies Price : Rs. 280.00 Printed byShreejee Computer Printers Nati Imali, Varanasi-221 002

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saMkAya patrikA zramaNavidyA [ bhAga - 3 ] sampAdaka-maNDala DaoN. rAjIva raMjana siMha DaoN. rameza kumAra dvivedI DaoN. phUlacanda jaina sampAdaka pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA adhyakSa, pAli evaM theravAda vibhAga evaM adhyakSa, zramaNavidyA-saMkAya . saMskRta vizvavidyAlayA rNAninda zrutama me gopAya sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 2000

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anusandhAna-prakAzana-paryavekSaka - nidezaka, anusandhAna-saMsthAna sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vaaraannsii| prakAzakaDaoN. harizcandra maNi tripAThI nidezaka, prakAzana-saMsthAna sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI-221002 prApti-sthAnavikraya-vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI-221002 prathama saMskaraNa - 500 pratiyA~ mUlya - 280.00 rUpaye mudrakazrIjI kampyUTara priNTarsa nATI imalI, vArANasI-221002

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prastAvanA DaoN. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA dvArA sampAdita 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya patrikA ke tRtIya bhAga kI prastAvanA likhate hue mujhe atyanta harSAnubhUti ho rahI hai / pro. zarmA jI ne 'zramaNavidyA ke isa tRtIya bhAga kA sampAdana bar3I tallInatA se kiyA hai| jaisA ki unhoMne apane sampAdakIya meM likhA hai ki vigata kaI varSoM se yaha patrikA prakAzita nahIM hotI rahI hai| phalasvarUpa zodhArthiyoM ko isa patrikA ke aneka aGka aprApya rahe haiM, jinase zodha - jagat kI aneka mahattvapUrNa samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ho sakatA thA / astu / merI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA hai ki paramparAe~ hI itihAsa ke rUpa meM pariNata hotI haiN| paramparAoM kA puGkhAnupuGkha bhAva se anuzIlana hI itihAsa kA unmIlana mAnA jAtA hai| pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA hamAre vizeSarUpa se sAdhuvAda ke adhikArI haiM, jinhoMne paramparAoM ke TUTe hue setu ko sampRkta karane kA zlAghanIya kArya kiyA hai| aise hI kAryoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne likhA hai ki- "tatAna sopAnaparamparAmiva" / 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya patrikA kA yaha tRtIya puSpa - stabaka pallavita, puSpita evaM phalita hokara vidvAnoM ke karakamaloM meM prastuta hai, jisake suvAsa se caturdik suvAsita ho skegaa| mahAkavi zrIharSa ne apane naiSadhIya mahAkAvya meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra vRkSa bAla - pallava, puSpa tathA phalayukta maJjarI kA prasphuTana karatA huA digdiganta ko suvAsita karatA hai, usI prakAra nAnA vidyAoM ke navapallava, puSpa tathA phalayukta maMjariyA~ grantha ke AkAra meM pariNata hokara apane suvAsa se mAnava - cetanA kI atala gaharAiyoM ko bhI suvAsita evaM prasphuTita kara detI haiN| yathA anarghyaratnaughamayena maNDito rarAja rAjA mukuTena mUrdhani / vanIpakAnAM sa hi kalpabhUruhastato vimuJcanniva maJjumaJjarIm / / (nai.ca. 15/60) 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya - patrikA kA yaha tRtIya stabaka usa maNi-kAJcana saMyoga kA nirmANa kara rahA hai, jisakI carcA kiye vinA nahIM rahA jA sktaa|

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( 2 ) isa patrikA kA yaha tRtIya puSpa - stabaka apane meM 18 nibandhoM evaM 6 laghugranthoM ko sameTe hue saMskRta-varSAGka ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai, jo nizcaya hI maNi-kAJcana saMyoga ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huA hai| vidvajjana suparicita haiN| ki bhArata sarakAra ne 5101 yugAbda ko saMskRta varSa ke rUpa meM ghoSita kiyA hai / isa saMskRta varSa meM jitane sArasvata anuSThAna isa vizvavidyAlaya meM anuSThita hue haiM, unakA Alekha- patra bhI isa puSpa - stabaka meM anusyUta hai| vastutaH saMskRtavarSa ne prAcya bhAratIya vidyAoM evaM saMskRta bhASA ke vikAsa kI dizA meM navanavonmeSa kA suavasara pradAna kiyA hai| 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya patrikA ke tRtIya puSpa-stabaka ko saMskRta-varSA ke rUpa meM prakAzita huA dekhanA hamAre lie atizaya sukhada anubhUti hai / maiM yahA~ isa patrikA ke lie mahanIya nibandhoM ko pradAna karane vAle vidvAnoM evaM laghu-granthoM ke rUpa meM apane nava pallava ke samAna romana, siMhalI, barmI Adi lipiyoM se devanAgarI lipi meM rUpAntarita karake sampAdita karane vAle manISiyoM ko hArdika sAdhuvAda pradAna karanA apanA ahobhAgya samajhatA hU~ aura isa puSpa- stabaka ke sampAdaka - maNDala ke sadasyoM ke sAtha hI sAtha isake sampAdaka pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA ko paunaHpunyena dhanyavAda pradAna karatA hU~, jinake athaka parizrama se isa paramparA kI kar3I agresara ho rahI hai| isI prakAra isa puSpa - stabaka ko zIghra evaM hRdayAvarjaka rUpa meM prakAzita karane ke lie prakAzana saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN. harizcandra maNi tripAThI, prakAzana sahAyaka zrI kanhaI siMha kuzavAhA, IkSyazodhana- pravINa DaoN. harivaMza kumAra pANDeya, sahAyaka sampAdaka DaoN. dadana upAdhyAya, IkSyazodhaka zrI azoka kumAra zukla evaM zrI atula kumAra bhATiyA ko sadhanyavAda AzIrvAda pradAna karatA huuN| atha ca isake AkarSaka mudraNa hetu zrIjI - mudraNAlaya ke saMcAlaka zrI anUpa kumAra nAgara ko bhI sadhanyavAda AzIrvAda pradAna karatA huuN| anta meM sAnnapUrNA zrIkAzI vizvezvara ke kara-kamaloM meM isa puSpa- stabaka ko samarpita karate hue unase prArthanA karatA hU~ ki 'zramaNavidyA' ke navadigunmIlana meM yaha puSpa - stabaka kRtakArya ho / vArANasI zrAvaNa kRSNa ekAdazI, vi.saM. 2057 rAmamUrti zarmA rAmamUrti zarmA kulapati sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya

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sampAdakIya 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya-patrikA 'saMskRtavarSa-vizeSAGka' jJAnopAyana ke rUpa meM manISI vidvajjanoM evaM sadhI adhyetAoM ke hAthoM meM samarpita karate hue mujhe harSAtireka kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| vizeSa Ananda kI anubhUti isalie ho rahI hai ki isa jJAna-yajJa ke sampAdana meM prAcyavidyA ke vizeSajJoM, vidvAnoM evaM dharmadhurINa vicArakoM kA sahayoga mujhe nirAyAsa milA hai| isameM jina vidvAnoM ke zodhaparaka adhinibandhoM kA samAkalana huA hai, ve apane kSetra ke adhIti vidvAn aura suvicAraka haiM, isameM kiJcit AzaGkA kA koI avakAza nahIM hai| zodha-nibandhoM ke atirikta isameM laghugranthoM ko bhI prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai, jo sarvathA aprApya evaM durlabha the| siMhalI, barmI, romana Adi lipiyoM meM ye pustakeM upanibaddha thIM; kintu devanAgarI lipi meM ina granthoM kA koI saMskaraNa upalabdha nahIM thA, jisase adhyetAoM evaM gaveSakoM ko kaThinAI kA anubhava ho rahA thaa| inhIM kaThinAiyoM ke apAkaraNa ke lie ina granthoM ko pATha-saMzodhana tathA sArabhUta bhUmikAoM ke sAtha 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya-patrikA meM prakAzita kara pAThakoM ke lie sulabha kiyA jA rahA hai| durlabha evaM aprakAzita laghu-granthoM kA prakAzana isa patrikA kA mahAn lakSya rahA hai| vigata kaI varSoM meM 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya-patrikA aparihArya kAraNoM se prakAzita nahIM ho skii| saMkAya evaM anya vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se isakA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai, jisase adhyetAoM evaM gaveSakoM ko mahattvapUrNa zodha-nibandhoM tathA laghugranthoM ke dvArA zodha-kSetra meM sahAyatA milegI, aisI AzA hai| prastuta 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya-patrikA meM aTThAraha zodha-nibandha prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| 'bauddhavAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA' AcArya zrI brajamohana pANDeya 'nalina' dvArA likhita zodha-nibandha sampUrNa pAli vAGmaya meM maGgala kI kyA avadhAraNA rahI hai, isa para prakAza DAlatA hai tathA AdhyAtmika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika pariprekSya meM isakI upayogitA ko pradarzita karatA hai, isase * zodhArthiyoM ko atyanta lAbha mila skegaa| 'vartamAna samaya meM buddhavacana kI prAsaGgikatA' pro.vizvanAtha banarjI, pUrva adhyakSa, saMskRta-pAli-prAkRta vibhAga, zAnti niketana dvArA prastuta zodha evaM

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(4) gaveSaNApUrNa nibandha hai, jisameM vartamAna kAla meM buddhavacana kI prAsaGgikatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pro. rAmazaMkara tripAThI jI dvArA prastuta 'bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva' jijJAsuvoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya evaM zodhaparaka hai| isameM bauddhadarzana ke cAra prasthAnoM-vaibhASika, sautrAntika, yogAcAra tathA mAdhyamika dRSTikoNa se kAlatattva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jo bauddha-vidyA ke gaveSakoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya evaM patha-nirdezaka bana sakate haiN| isI prakAra 'bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra', 'abhidharma aura mAdhyamika darzana', 'theravAda bauddhadarzana meM nirvANa', 'bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhetara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna' Adi nibandha atyanta maulika evaM gaveSaNApUrNa haiN| saMskRtavidyA se sambandhita 'kAvyazAstra kI prazAkhA ke rUpa meM kavi-zikSA kA mUlyAGkana', 'zobhAkara mitra kI kAvyadRSTi' navIna cintana se ota-prota tathA atyanta upayogI nibandha haiN| saMskRta meM likhita "nepAlarASTra bauddhadarzanasyAdhyayanAdhyApanayorvyavasthA tadvizleSaNaM ca' zIrSaka nibandha nepAla meM bauddha adhyayana-adhyApana kI sthitiyoM kA mUlyAGkana prastuta karatA hai| yaha nibandha DaoN. rameza kumAra dvivedI dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 'baMgAla ke prAcIna bauddhavihAroM meM zramaNoM ke niyama aura zikSA vyavasthA', 'bhoTadeza meM bauddhadharma evaM zramaNaparamparA kA Agamana' atyanta sUcanAprada tathA khojaparaka nibandha haiN| __prAkRta evaM jainavidyA se sambandhita 'jainadarzana meM karma-siddhAnta', 'jainadarzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa', 'jaina zramaNa paramparA aura anekAnta darzana' jaina siddhAntoM tathA jainadarzana ko ujAgara karate haiN| ye sabhI nibandha atyanta maulika tathA gaveSakoM ke lie mArgadarzaka ho sakate haiN| prAkRta vidyA se sambandhita 'prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya-udbhava, vikAsa evaM vyApakatA', 'zaurasenIprAkRta sAhitya ke pramukha AcArya aura unakA yogadAna' prAkRta sAhitya ke gaveSakoM ke lie atyanta upayogI evaM upAdeya haiN| anta meM 'kAzI aura jaina zramaNaparamparA' nAmaka zodha-nibandha kAzI se sambaddha jaina paramparA kA paricaya prastuta karatA hai| isa prakAra ye sabhI nibandha atyanta maulika evaM zodhArthiyoM ke lie upAdeya haiN| ye sabhI nibandha una sambhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karate haiM, jo bhAratIya vidyAoM kI samagratA meM anuzIlana kA pAtheya bana sakatI haiN| pAli gAthAoM meM upanibaddha 'saccasaGkepa' devanAgarI lipi meM prathama bAra prastuta hai| pro. lakSmI nArAyaNa tivArI ne romana, barmA ke chaTThasaMgAyana saMskaraNa

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se pATha kA samyak rUpa se milAna karate hae isakA mUlapATha nirdhArita kiyA hai, jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI ke romana lipi meM isakA jo saMskaraNa huA thA, vaha samIcIna nahIM thaa| isake sAtha hI pro. tivArI ne mahattvapUrNa theravAda kI dArzanika pAribhASika zabdoM para anya pUrvavartI granthoM se TippaNiyA~ bhI prastuta kI haiN| isa grantha ke AloDana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha 'abhidhammatthasaMgaho' ke bAda kA aura isa para likhI gaI 'vibhAvinI' TIkA ke pUrva kI racanA hai| isa grantha kI viSayavastu sampUrNa sthaviravAdI abhidharma kI hai| isake isa devanAgarI saMskaraNa se adhyetAoM tathA zodhArthiyoM ko apane zodha-kArya meM atyanta sahAyatA prApta hogii| ___ pAli gadya meM upanibaddha 'buddhaghosuppatti' eka mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika racanA hai, jisameM pAli-sAhitya ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna karane vAle AcArya buddhaghoSa kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai| pro.jemsa ne eka hastalikhita tAr3apatra para isa grantha ko prApta kiyA thA, jisakA inhoMne 1892 I. meM aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha romana lipi meM sampAdana kiyA thaa| jo 1892 I. ke jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI meM landana se prakAzita huA thaa| usI ko AdhAra mAnakara DaoN. vIrendra pANDeya ne parizrama evaM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka isakA devanAgarIkaraNa kiyA hai| pAThabheda bhI pAdaTippaNI meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI inhoMne hindI ke mAdhyama se isakA saGkSipta paricaya bhI prastuta kiyA hai| yaha grantha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hote hue bhI devanAgarI lipi meM anupalabdha evaM aprApya hai| isake prakAzana se AcArya buddhaghoSa ke jIvanavRtta ko jAnane meM bauddhavidyA ke adhyetAoM evaM gaveSakoM ko prabhUta sahAyatA milegii| _ 'saddabindu' bIsa kArikAoM meM racita eka vyAkaraNa grantha hai| ise 'pegana' ke rAjA 'kyacavA' ne 1250 I. ke Asa-pAsa rAjamahala kI striyoM ke prayoga hetu banAyA thaa| puna: saddakIrti mahAphussadeva ne isa para granthasAra nAmaka saddabinduvinicchayo nAma se eka anuTIkA kI racanA kI thI, yaha TIkA evaM anuTIkAe~ 'kaccAyana vyAkaraNa' para AdhArita haiN| prastuta saMskaraNa kA AdhAra grantha jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana hai| isa durlabha laghu-grantha kA sampAdana DaoN. surendra prasAda ne atyanta parizramapUrvaka kiyA hai| isase bauddhavidyA ke sAmAnya adhyetAoM ko pAli-vyAkaraNazAstra ke adhyayana meM sahAyatA milegii| 'kriyAsaGgraha' kriyAtantra kA prAmANika grantha hai| isameM eka aMza devatAyoga kA hI yahA~ prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa taraha yaha apUrNa rUpa

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(6) meM prakAzita hai| zrI hitozI inoI ne isakA sampAdana kiyA thA aura romana akSaroM meM isakA jApAna se prakAzana huA thaa| bhAratIya jijJAsuvoM ke hita kI dRSTi se isakA yahA~ devanAgarI meM lipyantaraNa prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| AzA hai, isase tantrasambandhI jAnakArI meM abhivRddhi hogii| isakA sampAdana pro. rAmazaGkara tripAThI jI ne kiyA hai| AcArya nAgArjana dvArA viracita 'niraupamyastava' evaM 'paramArthastava' atyanta durlabha laghugrantha hai| isakA sampAdana pro. thubatana chogaDuba jI ne parizramapUrvaka kiyA hai| niraupamyastava meM 15 kArikAe~ haiM, jinheM aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha yahA~ prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| isameM dharmakAya-svarUpa-zUnyatA kA mukhyarUpa se varNana karate hue bhaktipUrNa zabdoM dvArA tathAgata kI stuti kI gayI hai| paramArthastava meM kevala 11 kArikAe~ haiN| isameM paramArtha yA zUnyatA ke yathArtha jJAtA hone kI dRSTi se buddha kI stuti kI gayI hai| AcArya thubatana chogaDuba jI ne hindI meM inakA sArAMza bhI prastuta kiyA hai, jisase sAmAnya loga bhI lAbhAnvita ho sakeMge aura zraddhAlujana ina stotroM ke dvArA bhagavAn buddha ke prati zraddhA arpita kara skeNge| 'SaDdarzaneSu pramANa-prameya-samuccayaH' eka mahattvapUrNa laghu-grantha hai| isakA sampAdana kumAra anekAnta jaina ne atyanta parizramapUrvaka kiyA hai| isa laghu-grantha kA praNayana anantavIryAcArya nAmaka jainAcArya ne 12 vIM sadI meM kiyA thaa| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita evaM aprApya hai| isake sampAdana evaM prakAzana se sabhI darzanoM ke pramANa aura prameya ko sarala bhASA meM sAmAnya aura jijJAsu jana ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| isase zodhakartA bhI lAbha uThA skeNge| 'zramaNavidyA' bhAga-3 meM prakAzita uparyukta sAmagrI prAcyavidyAoM ke anuzIlana evaM zodha meM kitanI upayogI siddha hogI, yaha isa kSetra meM kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM evaM gaveSakoM ke prayatnoM para nirbhara kregii| bhArata sarakAra ne 1999-2000 varSa ko saMskRtavarSa ghoSita kiyaa| mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA jI ke prayAsa se sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ko saMskRta ke pracAra-prasAra hetu eka yojanA kI svIkRti milii| phalasvarUpa isa vizvavidyAlaya meM aneka kArya-krama Ayojita hue| kulapati jI ke satsaGkalpa ke anurUpa prAcyavidyA ke Der3ha sau vidvAnoM kA sammAna kiyA gayA,

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(7) jisameM deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM se vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyaa| aneka goSThiyA~ sampanna huIM, jinameM prAcyavidyA se sambandhita zAstroM para gambhIra carcAe~ huiiN| aneka zodhapatra prastuta kiye gye| isIlie isa patrikA ko 'saMskRtavarSa-vizeSAGka' ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA ke saujanya evaM mArgadarzana se hI 'zramaNavidyA' saMkAya-patrikA Aja isa rUpa meM prastuta ho sakI hai| unhoMne kRpApUrvaka isa para apanI zubhAzaMsA likhakara isakA gaurava bar3hAyA hai, ata: unake prati vinamra bhAva se kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| zramaNavidyA saMkAya ke sAmUhika prayatna kI prastuti evaM pArasparika sauhArda aura sahayoga se yaha kArya sampanna huA hai| ata: isa bhAga ke sampAdakamaNDala tathA lekhana-sampAdana sahayoga ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| prAcyavidyA ke vizruta vidvAnoM ne apane nibandhoM se 'zramaNavidyA' patrikA ko samRddha banAyA hai, unake prati vinatabhAva se kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| prakAzana saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN. harizcandra maNi tripAThI ke hama vizeSa AbhArI haiM, jinhoMne saMskRtavarSa ke kArya-kramoM kA saGkSipta vivaraNa dekara patrikA ke sArthakabhAva ko siddha kiyA hai, sAtha hI jinake sahayoga se 'zramaNavidyA' patrikA kA tIsarA bhAga susajjita rUpa meM prakAzita ho sakA hai| prakAzana se sambandhita DaoN. harivaMza pANDeya, DaoN. dadana upAdhyAya evaM anya sahayogIgaNa ko sAdhuvAda detA hU~, jinhoMne prUpha saMzodhana Adi meM sahAyatA kI hai| 'zramaNavidyA' patrikA ke isa aMka ko svalpa samaya meM itane AkarSaka rUpa meM mudrita karane hetu zrIjI kampyUTara priMTarsa ke saMcAlaka zrI anUpa kumAra nAgara ko sasneha sAdhuvAda pradAna karanA apanA karttavya samajhatA huuN| pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM anya jinakA bhI sahayoga rahA hai, una sabake prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| sabhI prakAra kI sAvadhAnI rakhane ke bAda bhI truTiyA~ sambhava haiM, vidvajjana unake parimArjanapUrvaka ise svIkAra kreNge| vArANasI gurupUrNimA, vi.saM. 2057 brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA

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paNAma- gAthA sabbaJANaguNopetaM buddhaM dhammaM anAvilaM / namAmi ariyasaGghaJca paThamaM susamAhitaM / / mahAkAruNiko buddho dhammissaro anuttaro / seTTho tilokamahito suriyo 'va virocati / / uppATitamohapaTalo, sambuddho sudesako / puNNacando va saMsuddho, bhAti loke anAsavo || dhammo samuddo' 'va gambhIro vimalo saMsobhano / abbhAmutto sucando' va ekAyano pabhassaro / / buddhena desito dhammo sabbalokopakArako / pavAheti malaM sabbaM, sabbapApavisodhako / / diTThisIlasaMghAto saMgho tu susaMhato / khemanta bhUmippatto va saGgho loke pakAsati / / saMgho' yaM paNIto ca pINito dhammagocaro / puJJakkhettasaMbhUto, suddho sallavinAsako / /

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saMskRtavarSa-samArohoM kI phalazrutiyA~ ___ bhArata sarakAra ne yugAbda 5101 ko 'saMskRta-varSa' ke rUpa meM ghoSita kara pUre varSa saMskRta ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie vividha kArya-krama Ayojita karane kI eka yojanA bnaayii| bhArata sarakAra ke mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa mantrAlaya ne sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ko vividha kArya-krama Ayojita karane ke lie svIkRti pradAna kii| karmaTha evaM utsAhI kulapati mAnanIya pro. rAmamUrti zarmA ne pUrNa utsAha ke sAtha vi.saM. 2056, 1999-2000 I. meM saMskRtavarSa manAne ke lie zubhArambha karane kI ghoSaNA kii| 7 sitambara, 1999 I. ko zatAbdI-bhavana meM 'saMskRtavarSa-zubhArambhasamAroha' bar3e dhUma-dhAma se manAyA gyaa| isa samAroha kI adhyakSatA mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA ne kii| mAnanIya pro. rAmakaraNa zarmA ne mukhya atithi evaM pro. sudhAMzuzekhara zAstrI ne viziSTa atithi ke Asana ko suzobhita kiyaa| paNDita zrI zivajI upAdhyAya ke navaracita gIta 'jayati suvarSaM saMskRtavarSam' ke gAna se sampUrNa sabhA bhAva-vibhAra ho gyii| mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA ne mukhya atithi evaM viziSTa atithi ko paramparA ke anusAra nArikela, candana evaM mAlyArpaNa ke sAtha uttarIya pradAna kara abhinandana karate hue kahA ki isa saMskRta-varSa meM khyAtiprApta do sau saMskRta ke viziSTa vidvAnoM ko sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| sabhA kA saJcAlana paNDita zrI zivajI upAdhyAya ne kiyaa| [ka ] tridivasIya saMskRta-patrakAritA-saGgoSThI evaM 'sArasvatI suSamA' svarNajayantI-samAroha yugAbda 5101 (vi.saM.2056, 1999-2000 I.) ko saMskRta-varSa ke rUpa meM manAne ke lie 21 sitambara se 23 sitambara, 1999 taka 'tridivasIya saMskRta-patrakAritA-saGgoSThI evaM 'sArasvatI suSamA' svarNajayantI-samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isakA udghATana samAroha pUrva-kAzInareza mAnanIya

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(12) DaoN. vibhUtinArAyaNa siMha zarmadeva kI adhyakSatA evaM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati pro. vAI.sI. simhAdri ke mukhyAtithitva meM sampanna huaa| prakAzana saMsthAna ke nidezaka ne maJcastha sabhAdhyakSa evaM anya atithiyoM ko mAlyArpaNa kara svAgata kiyaa| isake bAda vibhinna saMghoM ke adhikAriyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne mAlyArpaNa kiyaa| 'sArasvatI suSamA' patrikA kA paricaya dete hue prakAzana nidezaka DaoN. harizcandra maNi tripAThI ne kahA ki isakA itihAsa bahuta purAnA hai| isa vizvavidyAlaya kI pUrva-saMsthA rAjakIya saMskRta kAleja ke dvArA san 1866 I.meM 'di paNDita patrikA' (kAzIvidyAsudhAnidhi) kA prakAzana prArambha huA thaa| 1917 I. taka avicchinna rUpa se isakA prakAzana calatA rhaa| usake bAda yaha patrikA 'sarasvatIbhavana-granthamAlA' evaM 'sarasvatIbhavanaadhyayanamAlA' ke rUpa meM pracalita huI aura 1942 I. se vahI zRGkhalA 'sArasvatI suSamA' ke nAma se pariNata huI, jo Aja taka nirantara prakAzita ho rahI hai| Aja isakA 51vA~ aGka svarNajayantI-vizeSAGka ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isake bAda mAnanIya kulapati jI ke satsaGkalpAnusAra labdhapratiSTha saMskRta ke paccIsa mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke sammAna kI zRGkhalA prArambha huii| kulapati pro.zarmA ne candana, mAlyArpaNa ke sAtha nArikela, uttarIya, sammAnapatra evaM rU.5100 (pA~ca hajAra eka sau rUpaye) pradAna kara vidvAnoM kA sammAna evaM abhinandana kiyaa| sammAnita hone vAle vidvAnoM meM paNDita zrIvidyAnivAsa mizra, pro.vi. veGkaTAcalam, paNDita zrIkuberanAtha zukla, pro. rAmajI upAdhyAya, pro. vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya, paM. baTukanAtha zAstrI khiste, pro. sudhAMzuzekhara zAstrI, paM. vizvanAtha zAstrI dAtAra, paM. zrIvAsudeva dvivedI, paM. zrIkamalAkAnta zukla, paM. paramahaMsa mizra, paM. kedAranAtha tripAThI Adi ke nAma sammilita haiN| mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM apane udbodhana meM pro. vAI.sI. simhAdri ne kahA ki saMskRta kA mahattva kevala bhArata meM hI nahIM, apitu pUre vizva meM hai| saMskRta vizva kI prAcInatama bhASA hai, jo sahasrAbdiyoM se mAnava-samAja kA mArgadarzana karatI A rahI hai| sabhA kI adhyakSatA karate hue pUrva-kAzInareza evaM vizvavidyAlaya ke pratikulAdhipati mAnanIya DaoN. vibhUtinArAyaNa siMha zarmadeva ne vartamAna sthiti meM kendra evaM rAjya sarakAra ke saMskRta ke pracAra-prasAra evaM utthAna kI dizA meM apekSAkRta udAsInatA para cintA vyakta kii| saMskRta vidvAnoM

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( 13 ) ke sammAna para harSa vyakta karate hue unhoMne kahA ki yaha atyanta gaurava kA viSaya hai ki vizvavidyAlaya sarakAra ke bharose na rahakara apane bala para vidvAnoM kA sammAna kara rahA hai, isase saMskRta ke vidvAnoM meM AtmavizvAsa bar3hA hai aura ve apane Apako gauravAnvita anubhava kara rahe haiM / udghATana samAroha ke pazcAt 21 se 23 sitambara taka cAra vyAkhyAnasatra cale, jinameM 'patrakAritA meM saMskRta kA avadAna', 'saMskRta - patrakAritA kI aitihAsika paramparA', 'dainika saMskRta - patrakAritA kA mArga nirdezana' evaM 'saMskRtapatrakAritA kI lokamaGgala - bhAvanA' viSaya para vibhinna vidvAnoM ne apane gambhIra vyAkhyAna evaM nibandha prastuta kiye / vyAkhyAnakartAoM meM pro. revAprasAda dvivedI, paNDita zrI zivajI upAdhyAya, zrI kedAranAtha tripAThI, pro. rAdhezyAmadhara dvivedI, pro. rAmajI upAdhyAya, pro. zrIkAnta pANDeya, 'mAyA' mAsika patrikA ke patrakAra zrI vasiSTha muni ojhA, DaoN. somanAtha tripAThI Adi vidvAn pramukha the| 23 sitambara, 1999 ko aparAhna 3 baje se zatAbdI- bhavana meM tridivasIya saGgoSThI kA sampUrtimaGgala evaM 'sArasvatI suSamA svarNajayantI - vizeSAGka' kA lokArpaNa samAroha prArambha huA / isa satra ke adhyakSa mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA jI evaM mukhya atithi pUrvakulapati mAnanIya pro. vi. veGkaTAcalam jI the| atithiyoM kA svAgata karate hue mAnanIya kulapati pro. zarmA ne saMskRta-varSa meM sampanna hone vAlI apanI yojanAoM se logoM ko avagata karAyA evaM 'sArasvatI suSamA' kI guNavattA para prakAza ddaalaa| unhoMne kahA ki yaha mAtra patrikA nahIM hai, balki granthamAlA hai| isameM saMskRtavAGmaya kI sampUrNa zAkhAoM ke viSaya upalabdha hote haiM / sArasvatI suSamA ke svarNajayantI - vizeSAGka kA paricaya dete hue patrikA ke sampAdaka evaM prakAzana nidezaka DaoN. harizcandra maNi tripAThI ne batAyA ki vidvAnoM ke cintana-manana ke lie saMskRta vAGmaya kI sabhI zAkhAoM ke lekha isameM saMyojita kiye gaye haiN| isameM vaidikI, tAntrikI, zAbdikI, jyautiSI, dArzanikI, sAhityikI, . paurANikI, sAMskRtikI evaM prAkIrNikI suSamA kA niveza hai| isa vizvavidyAlaya kI traimAsikI anusandhAna patrikA kA ekAvanavA~ varSa kA yaha aGka svarNajayantI - vizeSAGka ke rUpa meM Apa logoM ke karakamaloM meM samarpita karatA huA prakAzana saMsthAna gauravAnvita ho rahA hai| smaraNIya hai ki

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(14) isake pUrva bhI rajatajayantI, ma.ma.gopInAthakavirAja, vizvasaMskRtasammelana evaM zaGkarAcArya Adi vizeSAGka prakAzita huA hai| vizvavidyAlaya ke kulasaciva zrI rANApratApa siMha ne Agata atithiyoM evaM sampUrNa sahayogiyoM ke prati dhanyavAda jJApana kiyaa| sabhA kA saJcAlana paNDita zrI zivajI upAdhyAya ne kiyaa| sAmUhika rASTragAna se sabhA kA visarjana huaa| [kha] caturdivasIya SaDdarzana-saGgoSThI 'saMskRtavarSa' ke upalakSya meM Ayojita samArohoM ke krama meM 19-22 navambara, 1999 taka vizvavidyAlaya dvArA zatAbdI-bhavana meM caturdivasIya SaDdarzanasaGgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA, jisameM mAnanIya kulapati jI dvArA saGkalpita do sau meM se 25 vidvAnoM ko sammAnita karane kA kAryakrama bhI Ayojita huaa| ___ isa kAryakrama ke udghATana samAroha ke adhyakSa mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA, mukhya atithi mahAmahima rAjyapAla zrI sUrajabhAna jI evaM sammAnita atithi kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati pro. vAI.sI. simhAdri tathA viziSTa sammAnita atithi DaoN. pI.sI. pataJjali jI rhe| mahAmahima rAjyapAla mahodaya ne dIpa prajvalita kara kAryakrama ke zubhArambha kI vidhivat ghoSaNA kii| isake bAda kulapati jI ne mahAmahima rAjyapAla mahodaya ko uttarIya evaM nArikela pradAna karate hue mAlyArpaNa kara svAgata abhinandana kiyaa| tadanantara 'bhAratIya darzana kI cintanadhArA' grantha ke lokArpaNa kA kArya prArambha huaa| grantha evaM granthakAra kA paricaya karAte hue pro. zrIkAnta pANDeya ne batAyA ki isa grantha ke mahanIya lekhaka mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA jI haiN| Apane anekoM granthoM ke lekhana kA kArya sampanna kiyA hai, jisameM 'zaGkarAcArya, unake mAyAvAda tathA anya siddhAntoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana', 'vizva-saMskRti', 'vaidika-sAhitya kA itihAsa', 'nyAyavaizeSika evaM cintana' Adi pramukha haiN| Apa vizvasaMskRtasammelanoM meM bhArata kA pratinidhitva karate rahe haiN| 'bhAratIya darzana kI cintanadhArA' eka mahanIya grantha hai| isameM Rgveda se prArambha kara Adhunika kAla taka ke dArzanika cintana kA apUrva vizleSaNAtmaka

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( 15 ) anuzIlana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM dArzanika cintana ke vikAsa ke adhyayana, sabhI dArzanika sampradAyoM evaM siddhAntoM ke pravartaka AcAryoM evaM unake granthoM kA paricayAtmaka vizleSaNa huA hai| isake bAda karataladhvani ke bIca mahAmahima rAjyapAla zrI sUrajabhAna jI ne grantha ko lokArpita kiyA / granthakAra pro. rAmamUrti zarmA jI ne prazAsaka, cintanaparAyaNa, paramasammAnanIya mahAmahima rAjyapAla jI ke prati grantha ke lokArpaNa ke lie kRtajJatA jJApana kiyA / isake bAda mahAmahima rAjyapAla mahodaya ne mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ko candanA - nulepana, mAlyArpaNa evaM uttarIya vastra pradAna karate hue sammAnapatra evaM rU. 5100 kI dhanarAzi pradAna kii| sammAnita hone vAle vidvAnoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiMpro. kRSNacandra dvivedI, pro. candrazekhara zukla, DaoN. esa. raGganAtha, pro. vaziSTha tripAThI, pro. vrajavallabha dvivedI, pro. pArasanAtha dvivedI (purANa), pro. zrIkRSNa semavAla, DaoN. rAmaraGga zarmA, pro. vAgIzadatta pANDeya, pro. AdyA prasAda mizra, pro. bholAzaGkara vyAsa, pro. lakSmI nArAyaNa tivArI, pro. harSasvarUpa zAstrI, DaoN. harizcandra maNi tripAThI, pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA Adi pramukha haiN| isI krama meM vedAntAdi zAstroM ke mUrdhanya vidvAn vedAntavibhAga ke AcArya pro. pArasanAtha dvivedI jI ko sara DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| sammAnita karane vAloM meM mahAmahima rAjyapAla ke sAtha-sAtha kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati pro. vAI. sI. simhAdri evaM pro. rAmamUrti zarmA jI bhI sammilita the| mukhya atithi pada se bolate hue mahAmahima rAjyapAla ne kahA ki bhAratIya darzana kI cintanadhArA grantha kA lokArpaNa karate hue maiM harSa kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| bhAratIya darzana mAnavatAvAdI darzana hai| 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA hone ke kAraNa samasta vizva ko eka sUtra meM bA~dhane kI isameM kSamatA hai| vidvAnoM ko sammAnita karate hue apane ko gauravAnvita anubhava karate hue unhoMne kahA ki Aja pUre vizva kI dRSTi saMskRta kI ora lagI hai| amerikA ke kampyUTara vaijJAnika bhI anubhava kara rahe haiM ki saMskRta hI kampyUTara ke lie sakSama bhASA ho sakatI hai| saMskRta ke utthAna ke lie hara sambhava prayAsa honA caahie| pro. vaziSTha tripAThI ne dhanyavAda jJApana kiyA / sabhA kI pariNati 'pANini kanyA mahAvidyAlaya' kI kanyAoM ke rASTragAna se huii|

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(16) caturdivasIya SaDdarzana saGgoSThI cAra satroM meM calI, jisameM aneka vidvAnoM ne anusandhAnAtmaka nibandhoM kA vAcana kiyaa| pro. rahasa bihArI dvivedI kA 'rasAsvAdaH', pro. bholAzaGkara vyAsa kA 'saMskRtakAvyeSu saGketitAH sAMkhyayogayordArzanikarAddhantAH', DaoN. mahezaprakAza zarmA kA 'zabdabrahmavAdaH', pro. balirAma zukla kA 'asadarthaviSaye zAbdabodhavicAra:', pro.umAzaGkara zukla kA 'bhAratIyajyotiSe gaNitajyotiSasyAvadhAraNA' Adi nibandha bahuta carcita rhe| [ga] tridivasIya zAstrasaGgoSThI saMskRtavarSa-samAroha kI zRGkhalA meM di. 1-3 pharavarI, 2000 taka tridivasIya zAstrasaGgoSThI, vidvatsammAna evaM 'prAcI patrikA' kA lokArpaNa samAroha sampanna huaa| prAcI patrikA kA lokArpaNa-samAroha di.1 pharavarI, 2000 ko pUrvANa 10 baje se mAnanIya kulapati pro.rAmamUrti zarmA kI adhyakSatA meM prArambha huaa| isa sabhA ke mukhya atithi zrI rAkezadhara tripAThI, ucca zikSA rAjyamantrI the| chAtrasaMgha ke adhyakSa zrI sadAnanda caube ne chAtrasaMgha dvArA prakAzita hone vAlI prAcI patrikA kA paricaya prastuta kiyaa| zrI rAkezadhara tripAThI ne prAcI patrikA kA lokArpaNa kara apane udgAra meM sarvaprathama vizvavidyAlaya ke vidvAnoM ke bIca meM apane AmantraNa ke lie AbhAra vyakta kiyaa| mantrI mahodaya ne kahA ki sarasvatI ke mandira meM vidvAnoM kA sammAna eka saGgama kA pratIka hai| unhoMne kahA ki Age kampyUTara yuga A rahA hai, usameM saMskRta ke vidyArthiyoM kI pUrNa AvazyakatA hogI; kyoMki saMskRta hI kampyUTara kI bhASA banane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| chAtroM se anurodha karate hue unhoMne kahA ki guru ko guru kA sthAna dete rahane para hI chAtroM ko bhI bhaviSya meM sammAna milegaa| mAnanIya zrI tripAThI jI ne kahA ki adhyApaka tathA chAtra donoM eka-dUsare ke darpaNa haiM, jinakA malinatA dUra karanA kAma hai| Apane zikSApraNAlI meM sudhAra kI carcA karate hue zikSAvidoM se neka salAha lene kI AvazyakatA btaayii| vidvatsammAna ke krama meM tulasIpIThAdhIzvara jagadguru zrI 1008 rAmabhadrAcArya, pro. kamalezadatta tripAThI, padmazrI DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI Adi 18 vidvAnoM ko sammAnita kiyA gyaa|

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( 17 ) isake bAda chaH satroM meM aneka vidvAnoM ne apane gaveSaNAtmaka zodha - nibandha prastuta kiye, jisameM tRtIya satra di. 2 pharavarI ko pUrvAhna 10 baje se prArambha huA, jisake mukhya atithi saGkaTamocana mandira ke mahantha pro. vIrabhadra mizra the| isa satra meM vibhinna vidyAoM ke viziSTa bIsa vidvAnoM ko nArikela, uttarIya, sammAnapatra evaM rU. 5100 (pA~ca hajAra eka sau rUpaye) pradAna kara sabhAdhyakSa mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA ne sammAnita kiyaa| zodha nibandha-vAcana ke krama meM zrI vedaprakAza zAstrI, pro. vIrendra kumAra varmA Adi vidvAnoM ne nibandha prastuta kiyA / 'rasapradIpa' nAmaka grantha kI samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA karate hue paNDita zrI mAnikacandra mizra ne batAyA ki yaha grantha lagabhaga 16 varSa pUrva prakAza meM AyA hai| isa grantha ke lekhaka prabhAkara bhaTTa haiN| 3 pharavarI, 2000 ko aparAhaNa 3 baje se mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA kI adhyakSatA meM samApana satra prArambha huA / isa satra meM uttara pradeza vidhAna sabhA ke adhyakSa zrI kezarInAtha tripAThI mukhya atithi ke Asana para virAjamAna the| 'devo bhUtvA devaM yajeta' isa sUkti ko caritArtha karate hue vidvAnoM ko sammAnita karane ke pUrva mAnanIya kulapati mahodaya ne candana lepana, nArikela evaM uttarIya ke sAtha abhinandana patra pradAna kara mukhya atithi kA sammAna kiyaa| vizvavidyAlaya dvArA abhinava prakAzita granthoM kA eka seTa unheM samarpita kiyA gyaa| isake bAda apane-apane kSetra ke mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke sammAna kA krama prArambha huaa| pratyeka vidvAn ko candanAnulepa, nArikela evaM uttarIya ke sAtha sammAnapatra evaM pA~ca hajAra eka sau rUpaye nakada rAzi pradAna karate hue zrI tripAThI evaM mAnanIya kulapati pro. zarmA jI pUrNa Ananda kI anubhUti kara rahe the| sammAnita hone vAle vidvAnoM meM pro. harerAma tripAThI, DaoN. lAlavihArI pANDeya, DaoN. kuberanAtha pAThaka, paNDita zrI mAnikacandra mizra Adi 18 vidvAn sammilita the| isake bAda vidyAvAridhi upAdhi se vibhUSita viziSTa yogyatA dhAraNa karane vAle vizvavidyAlaya ke karmacAriyoM ko bhI sammAnita kiyA gayA, jisameM DaoN. vijaya prasAda tripAThI DaoN. rAjendrapratApa tripAThI, DaoN. rAmaharSa pANDeya, DaoN. rAmezvara zarmA, DaoN. ravizaGkara bhArgava, DaoN. aruNa kumAra pANDeya, DaoN. harizaGkara tripAThI, DaoN. rAnI ojhA, DaoN. kRpAzaGkara pANDeya, DaoN. hari upAdhyAya, DaoN. rAmagopAla mizra, DaoN. zrIdhara ojhA, DaoN. harivaMza kumAra pANDeya, DaoN. dadana upAdhyAya evaM DaoN. mArakaNDeya nAtha tivArI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN|

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( 18 ) mukhya atithi pada se udgAra vyakta karate hue zrI kezarInAtha tripAThI jI ne kahA ki saMskRta bhASA isa deza kI prANa hai / hamAre jIvana kI hara vidhA evaM paramparA ko jIvita rakhane kA zreya saMskRta ko hai / viDambanA hai ki yaha jisa deza kI bhASA hai, vahIM isakI upekSA ho rahI hai| amerikA Adi dezoM meM jo zodha huA hai, usase yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki kampyUTara ke lie saMskRta se bar3hakara koI anya bhASA nahIM hai| unhoMne kahA ki zeksapIyara evaM kAlidAsa kI tulanA meM maiM kAlidAsa ko kaI gunA adhika mAnatA huuN| hamArI kamI hai ki kAlidAsa ke nATakoM kA pracAra sAmAnya jana taka nahIM kara pAye haiN| Ayurveda kI zikSA-praNAlI ko vizva svIkAra kara rahA hai, vaha saMskRta meM hai| zrI tripAThI ne apane ko vidhi kA chAtra btaayaa| dharmazAstra ke itihAsa meM Apane ma.ma. pro. kANe kI carcA kii| isake adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki nyAya ke sambandha meM hamase 50 pratizata videziyoM ne liyA hai| hamameM niSedha kI pravRtti hai, yaha hamArI kamI hai| hamAre deza ke durlabha granthoM kI pANDulipiyA~ videzoM meM calI gayI haiM, unheM lAne kA prayAsa honA caahie| unhoMne kahA ki hameM patha kA nirmANa evaM patha-pradarzaka kA kAma karanA hai| isa kArya ko saMskRta ke loga hI kara sakate haiN| zrI tripAThI ne kahA ki jIvana ke vyAvahArika darzana ko maiMne kahA hai| apanI pIr3A ko maiMne vyakta kiyA hai| pro. vaziSTha tripAThI ke dhanyavAda jJApana evaM sAmUhika rASTragAna ke pazcAt sabhA kI sampUrti huii| isa sabhA kA saJcAlana DaoN. rAjIva raMjana siMha ne kiyaa| [gha] caturdivasIya akhila bhAratIya zAstra bhASaNamAlA - samAroha di. 14-17 pharavarI, 2000 taka saMskRtavarSa ke upalakSya meM caturdivasIya zAstrasambhASaNa-mAlA kA Ayojana huA, jisakA udghATana samAroha di. 14 pharavarI, 2000 ko aparAhaNa 2 baje se mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA kI adhyakSatA meM prArambha huaa| isake mukhya atithi kendrIya saMskRta maNDala ke adhyakSa sarvocca nyAyAlaya ke pUrva mukhya nyAyamUrti zrI raGganAtha mizra mahodaya the| svAgata bhASaNa ke krama meM mAnanIya kulapati jI ne kahA ki zrI raGganAtha mizra jI vizva ke gaurava haiN| inakA vyaktitva adhyAtma, vidyA, pratiSThA,

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( 19) sajjanatA evaM udAttatA se ota-prota hai| unhoMne mukhya atithi ko nArikela, uttarIya ke sAtha abhinandana-patra pradAna kara svAgata-abhinandana kiyaa| mukhya atithi zrI raGganAtha mizra jI ne kahA ki maiM saMskRta nahIM jAnatA, lekina saMskRta se merA lagAva hai| saMskRta-bhASA kI sevA karane ke lie maiM tatpara huuN| saMskRta se hI vizva ko jJAna milA hai| Apa use Age bar3hAe~, maiM usameM sahayoga karane ke lie taiyAra huuN| saMskRta kI dhArA meM gati lAne ke lie hI isa varSa ko saMskRta-varSa ke rUpa meM manAne kA prayAsa hai| saMskRta rASTrabhASA bane yaha prayAsa honA caahie| isake lie saMskRtajJoM ko sainika bananA hogaa| saMskRta eka aisI bhASA hai, jisameM thor3e zabdoM ke dvArA bahuta kahane kI kSamatA hai| Apane saMskRta ko Age bar3hAne ke lie saMskRtajJoM ko Age Ane kA AhvAna kiyaa| pro. gaGgAdhara paNDA ne Agata atithiyoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta kiyaa| isake bAda cha: sUtroM meM caturdivasIya zAstra-sambhASaNamAlA calI, jisameM deza ke aneka bhAgoM se Aye vidvAnoM ne apane zodha-nibandha prastuta kiye| vyAkhyAtAoM meM pro. pArasanAtha dvivedI, pro. vaziSTha tripAThI, pro. satyakAma varmA, DaoN. paramahaMsa mizra, pro. rAdhezyAmadhara dvivedI, DaoN. zaGkara jI jhA Adi ke nAma pramukha haiN| 17 pharavarI ko aparAhna 3 baje vyAkhyAnamAlA ke sampUrti-satra kA zubhArambha mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA kI adhyakSatA meM huaa| isa satra ke mukhya atithi mahAtmA gA~dhI kAzI vidyApITha ke kulapati pro. rAkezacandra zarmA the| pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA ne cAra dinoM meM carcita viSayoM kA sArAMza prastuta kiyaa| pro. rAkeza candra zarmA ne apane vaktavya meM kahA ki saGgoSThI ke mAdhyama se aneka vidvAnoM ko sunane kA avasara milatA hai| Apane kahA ki isa vizvavidyAlaya evaM saMskRta ke vidvAnoM ke Upara bhAratIya saMskRti kI rakSA kA gurutara bhAra hai| vizva meM isa saMskRti ko lupta karane kA prayAsa cala rahA hai| apane udgAra meM pro.zarmA ne Age kahA ki bhASA aura saMskRti ko bacAne meM hamArA vizvAsa sAtha degaa| santoSa, tyAga aura vizvAsa ke kAraNa hamArI vyavasthA banI hai| Aja upabhogavAdI saMskRti ke bar3hane se hamAre deza kI saMskRti prabhAvita huI hai| Aja loga dayA aura dAna meM vizvAsa na kara bhoga meM vizvAsa kara rahe haiN| yaha vighaTana kI jar3a hai| Apane kahA ki pahale vyakti

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(20) apane ko anuzAsita rakhatA thA; kyoMki pApa-puNya kI maryAdA se samAja pratibandhita thaa| saMskRta-jJAna ko mIDiyA ke mAdhyama dUradarzana Adi se pracArita karane para Apane bala diyaa| Apane isa virAsata ko jana sAmAnya ko sulabha karAne kI AvazyakatA btaayii| viziSTa atithi ke vyAkhyAna meM jilAdhikArI zrI Aloka kumAra ne saMskRta ko lokapriya banAne ke lie paryApta prayAsa karane para bala diyaa| Apane saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya meM kampyUTara kI zikSA dene kI AvazyakatA btaayii| adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAmamUrti zarmA jI ne sarasvatIbhavana-pustakAlaya ko iNTaraneTa se jor3ane kI yojanA se logoM ko avagata kraayaa| Apane yaha bhI batAyA ki agrima varSa se 'kampyUTara-DiplomA' korsa vizvavidyAlaya meM prArambha kiyA jaaegaa| sabhA kI pariNati rASTragAna se huii| sabhA kA saJcAlana DaoN. kuMjabihArI zarmA ne kiyaa| sandhyA samaya kulapati jI ke AvAsa para Ayojita laghu jalapAna goSThI kA dRzya atyanta manamohaka rhaa| isameM Agata atithiyoM ke sAtha sabhI vibhAgAdhyakSa Amantrita the| [Ga ] akhila bhAratIya saMskRta- chAtra-sammelana saMskRta varSa ke upalakSya meM akhila bhAratIya saMskRta-chAtra-sammelana kA Ayojana 29-31 mArca, 2000 taka huaa| yaha sammelana saMskRtabhAratI evaM sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM sampanna huaa| isake kArya-krama aneka satroM meM pRthak-pRthak sthAnoM para cle| mukhya maMca vizvavidyAlaya ke prAGgaNa meM manamohaka DhaMga se banA thaa| prathama satra meM 'saMskRta kA atIta evaM hrAsa kA kAraNa' viSaya para carcA DaoN. ke. sUryanArAyaNa rAva kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna huii| isake mukhya vaktA paNDita zrI vAsudeva dvivedI evaM DaoN. camU kRSNa zAstrI rhe| isake aneka satroM meM vidvatsaGgoSThI, chAtroM ke zAstrIya bhASaNa, zloka-antyAkSarI, sUtrAntyAkSarI Adi vividha pratiyogitAe~ huiiN| prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya sthAna prApta karanevAle chAtroM ke sAtha-sAtha sAntvanA puraskAroM se bhI chAtroM ko puraskRta kiyA gyaa|

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(21) 31 mArca ko pUrvAhna 11 baje se mAnanIya kulapati pro.rAmamUrti zarmA jI kI adhyakSatA meM sampUrti-samAroha kA Ayojana huaa| isa satra ke viziSTa atithi pro. sudhAMzuzekhara zAstrI the| anta meM saMskRta-varSa-samAroha ke pradhAna saMyojaka pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA ne akhila bhAratIya saMskRta-chAtra-sammelana kI saphalatA ke lie sabhI ke prati AbhAra pradarzita kiyaa| sAmUhika rASTragAna ke pazcAt sammelana kI sampUrti huii| sAbhAra prastuti harizcandra maNi tripAThI nidezaka, prakAzana saMsthAna saMyojaka, saMskRtavarSa-Ayojana-samiti sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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Page #28
anukrama 1. bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA DaoN. brajamohana pANDeya 'nalina' 2. vartamAna samaya meM buddha vacana kI prAsaMgikatA pro. vizvanAtha banarjI 3. bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva pro. rAmazaMkara tripAThI 4. bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra : eka anuzIlana pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA 5. abhidharma aura mAdhyamika pro. thubatana chogaDuba 6. theravAda bauddhadarzana meM nirvANa kI avadhAraNA DaoN. haraprasAda dIkSita 7. bodhisattva - avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhetara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna DaoN. umAzaGkara vyAsa 8. kAvyazAstra kI prazAkhA ke rUpa meM kavi-zikSA kA mUlyAGkana DaoN. rAjIva raMjana siMha 9. zobhAkara mitra kI kAvyadRSTi DaoN. kAlI prasAda dube 10. nepAlarASTra bauddhadarzanasyAdhyayanAdhyApanayorvyavasthA tadvizleSaNaM ca DaoN. rameza kumAra dvivedI 11. baMgAla ke prAcIna bauddhavihAroM meM zramaNoM ke niyama aura zikSA vyavasthA zrI SaSThIpada cakravartI 1-50 51-61 62-73 74-81 82-88 89-96 97-113 114- 119 120-127 128-132 133-140

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(24) 12. bhoTa deza meM bauddhadharma evaM zramaNaparamparA kA Agamana zrI pemA gAravaGga 141-144 13. jainadarzana meM karma-siddhAnta DaoN. sudIpa jaina 145-155 14. jainAcAradarzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina 156-161 15. jaina zramaNa paramparA aura anekAnta darzana DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina 162-168 16. prAkRta kathA-sAhitya : udbhava, vikAsa evaM vyApakatA DaoN. jinendra jaina 169-176 17. zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke pramukha AcArya aura unakA yogadAna DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' 177-213 18. kAzI aura jaina zramaNa paramparA __DaoN. sureza candra jaina 214-224 laghu-granthamAlA 1. saccasa po saM. pro. lakSmI nArAyaNa tivArI 1-56 2. buddhaghosuppatti saM. DaoN. vIrendra pANDeya 1-39 3. kriyAsaGgrahaH saM. pro. rAmazaGkara tripAThI 4. SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH saM. kumAra anekAnta jaina 1-19 5. saddabindu saM. DaoN. surendra kumAra 1-32 6. niraupamya stava evaM paramArtha stava saM. pro. thubatana chogaDuba 1-19 1-15

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA . DaoN. brajamohana pANDeya 'nalina' maGgala kI kAmanA manuSya ke anta:karaNa meM sarvadA parivyApta rahatI hai| maGgala zabda maGga athavA magi dhAtu se 'alac' pratyaya ke yoga se niSpanna hai'mngglerlc'| yaha zabda tInoM liGgoM meM vyavahRta hotA hai-maGgalam (napuMsakaliGga), maGgalaH (puliGga), maGgalA (striilingg)| jisase abhISTa kI prApti hotI hai use maGgala kahate haiM--'maGgayate prApyate abhISTamanena iti mNglm| athavA jisase durdRSTa kA apasarpaNa yA nivAraNa hotA hai, use maMgala kahate haiM- 'maGgati apasarpati durdRSTamanena iti mngglm'| prazasta AcaraNa kA anuSThAna tathA aprazasta AcaraNa ke parivarjana ko RSiyoM tathA tattvadarziyoM ne 'maGgala' kahA hai-- prazastAcaraNaM nityaM aprazastavivarjanam / / etacca maGgalaM proktaM RSibhiH tattvadarzibhiH / / bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala zabda kA nirvacana tathA arthAvadhAraNa vibhinna rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai-mahanti imehi sattA ti maGgalAni iddhiM vRddhiM pApaNAtIti attho' arthAt sattva jisase Rddhi, vRddhi ko prApta karatA hai, use maGgala kahate haiM, athavA 'maGgaM pApaM lunAti chindatIti maGgalaM' ke anusAra jo pApoM ko kATatA hai, use maGgala kahate haiM, athavA 'maGgati sattA visujjhantIti maGgalaM' arthAt sattva jisase vizuddhi ko prApta karate haiM use maGgala kahate haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne likhA hai jo vipattiyoM kA pratikAra karanA cAhate haiM athavA aizvarya tathA varcasva kA adhigama karanA cAhate haiM, ve maGgala kA sevana karate haiM-'vipatpratIkAraparena maGgalaM niSevyate bhUti samutsukena vaa'| saMskRta vAGmaya ke AcAryoM evaM mahAkaviyoM ne grantha kI nirvighna samApti ke lie grantha ke Adi madhya tathA anta meM maGgalAcaraNa ke vidhAna kA nirdeza kiyA hai-granthAdau granthamadhye granthAntaM ca maGgalamAcaraNIyamiti shissttaacaarH|' samAptikAmo maGgalamAcaret phalAvazyaM bhAvaniyamAt' tathA maGgalaM karttavyaM samAptiphalakatvAt (nIla. 1, maGgala, pR.2) ke anusAra samApti kI kAmanA

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zramaNavidyA- 3. karane vAle ko maGgala kA vidhAna karanA caahie| yadi kahIM maMgala kA vidhipUrvaka anuSThAna kie jAne para bhI grantha kI virvighna samApti nahIM hotI hai to vahA~ vighnoM kI pracuratA mAnanI cAhie, usake lie jitanA maGgala apekSita thA, vaha vahA~ nahIM kiyA jA sakA / kiJca jahA~ nAstikoM ke granthoM meM maGgalAcaraNa kA vidhAna na hone para bhI grantha samApti rUpa phala dekhA jAtA hai, vahA~ vighnoM kA abhAva, pUrvajanmajanya maGgala Adi kI parikalpanA yA anumAna kara lenA cAhie / aisI navInAcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai / 2 kucha AcAryoM kI avadhAraNA hai ki granthAdi kI samApti puruSArtha kA phala hai, maGgala kA phala vighnavidhvaMsa nahIM hai-- 'samAptireva sukhasAdhanatayA puruSArthatvAtphalaM, na tu vighnadhvaMso maGgalasya phalam, tasyApuruSArthatvAt iti' (vai.u. 1 / 1 / 1) / saMskRta vAGmaya ke AcAryoM ne grantha kI nirvighna samApti ke lie ziSToM ke AcaraNa ke anurupa maGgala kA vidhAna kiyA hai| AcAryoM ne tIna prakAra ke maGgala kA nirdeza kiyA hai-- 'AzIrvAdAtmaka, namaskArAtmaka vastunirdezAtmaka-- tathA AzIrvAdanamaskAra vastunirdezabhedataH / 1 maGgalaM trividhaM proktaM zAstrAdInAM mukhAdiSu / / AzIrvAdAtmaka maGgala use kahA jAtA hai jisameM kavi Izvara se yaha abhyarthanA karatA hai ki ve Apa savoM kI rakSA kareM jambhArimaulimandAramAlikamadhucumbinaH / pineyurantarAyAbdhiM herambapadapAMsavaH / / (kundamAlA 1 / 1) jambhadaitya ke zatru indra ke mukuTa kI mAndAramAlikA ke madhumakaranda kA pAna karane vAle heramba ( gaNeza) ke pada- pAMsu vighna ke samudra kA pAna kareM / yahA~ devatAsaMsmaraNAtmaka evaM AzIrvacanAtmaka maGgala hai / namaskArAtmaka maMGgala vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ kavi vighnoM ke vyUhopazama ke lie Izvara kA namana karatA hai 1. AcariyAnaM ganthArambho tividho - Asisapubbako, vatthupubbakopaNAmapubbakoti / saGkSepa, pi. 214; Acariyo paJcaguNe baDnento tAva ratnattayapaNAmamArabhate ratanattayapaNAmena hi Acariyassa antarAyAbhAvo, tadabhAvena ca AyuvaSNasukhabalapaTibhAnasaGghAtApaJcaguNA banti tabbaDDanena ca kAriyasanniTThAnaMti / maNi.pi. 1 1

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA zrIlakSmIramaNaM naumi gaurIramaNarUpiNam / sphoTarUpaM yataH sarvaM jagadetat vivartate / / vastunirdezAtmakamaGgala vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ kavi yA nATakakAra samasta grantha kI vastu kA nirdeza karatA hai pAli vAGmaya ke TIkAkAroM, aTThakathAkAroM, tathA vaiyAkaraNoM ne triratna ke vandanArUpa namaskArAtmaka maGgala kA vidhAna kiyA hai| pAli vAGmaya ke prasiddha aTThakathAkAra AcArya buddhadyoSa ne samantapAsAdikA kI ganthArambhakathA meM triratna kI vandanA isa prakAra kI hai yo kappakoTIhi pi appameyyaM kAlaM karonto atidukkarAni / khedaM gato lokahitAya nAtho namo mahAkAruNikassa tassa / / asambudhaM buddhanisevitaM yaM bhavAbhavaM gacchati jIvaloko / / namo avijjAdikilesajAla viddhaMsino dhammavarassa tassa / / guNehi yo sIlasamAdhipajJAvimuttiANapabhutIhi yutto / khettaM janAnaM kusalasthikAnaM tamariyasaMghaM sirasA namAmi / / iccevamaccantanamassaneyyaM namassamAno ratanattayaM yaM / puJAbhisandaM vipulaM alatthaM tassAnubhAvena hatantarAyo / / AcArya baddhaghoSa ne triratna-vadanA ke prayojana kA vivecana karate hae likhA hai ki ratnatraya namasya haiM isalie maine triratna ke praNAma ke pariNAmasvarUpa vipula puNya kA adhigama kiyA hai usake AnubhAva se sabhI vighna dUra hoM aura yaha racanA virvighna sampanna ho, TIkAkAra zAriputra ne saMkalpita kArya nirvighna sampanna ho, isI Azaya se triratna kI vandanA kI hai 'anantarAyena parisamApanatthaM ti payojanaM veditabbaM / sthavira mahAvijAtAvI ne 'kaccAyanavaNNanA' meM antarAyoM, pratyUhoM evaM vighnoM ke vighAtana ke lie granthArambha meM praNAmAdi kA vidhAna kiyA hai antarAyavighAtatthaM mngglaadiinmtthaay| tesaM ganthAnamArambhe paNamAdIni vuccare / / saMskRta bauddhasAhitya meM bhI Agama granthoM ke paravartI granthoM ke prArambha meM zAstra ke prati namaskArAtmaka maGgala kA vidhAna kiyA hai

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zramaNavidyA-3 yaH pratItyasamutpAdaM prapaJcopazamaM zivaM / dezayAmAsa sambuddhastaM bande vadatAM varaM / / ___ (nAgArjuna muulmdhymkaarikaa1)| yaH sarvathA sarvahatAndhakaraH saMsArapaGkAjjagadujjahAra / tasmai namaskRtya yathArthazAstre zAstraM pravakSyAmyabhidharmakozam / / (vasubandhu, abhidharmakoza 1 / 1) / bauddhavAGmaya meM vizeSakara pAli vAGmaya meM maGgala kyA hai? tathA maGgala kise kahate haiM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAna buddha ne maGgala ke vividha rUpoM kA varNana kiyA hai| maGgala prasannatA tathA viprasanna jIvana kA mUla kAraNa hai| yaha eka uttama mArga yA sAdhana hai jisake dvArA logoM ke jIvana meM prasannatA tathA saphalatA kI prApti hotI hai| pratyeka vyakti maGgala kI kAmanA karatA hai| kalyANa kI apekSA karatA hai| jIvana meM maGgala kA adhigama kisI ke AzIrvacana nahIM, api tu zubhAtmaka karma, satyaniSThA, sadA-caraNa tathA samyak karma se hI saMbhava hai| bauddha jIvana paddhati svayaMkRta zubhAtmaka karmoM para nirbhara hai| bhagavAn buddha ne jina ar3atIsa prakAra ke maGgaloM kA prajJApana kiyA hai ve isa prakAra haiM1. mUoM kA asAhacarya (asevanA ca baalaanN)| 2. guNavAn tathA zIlasampanna puruSoM evaM paNDitoM kA sAhacarya (paNDitAnaM ca sevnaa)| 3. pUjanIya janoM kA sampUjana (pUjA ca puujniiyaan)| / 4. vaise sthAna me rahanA jahA~ paNDita, zIlavAn tathA guNajJa logoM kA adhivAsa ho aura jahA~ samyak AjIvikA ke sundara sAdhana evaM mArga prazasta hoM (ptiruupdesvaaso)| 5. pUrva meM kiyA gayA puNyakarma (pubbe ca ktpunyjtaa)| 6. zArIrika tathA mAnasika rUpa se svayaM ko adhiSThita karanA (attsmmaapnnidhi)| 7. bahuzruta honA, bahuvistIrNa anubhavoM ke AdhAra para tattvika dRSTi ko prApta karanA (baahusccN)|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 8. kArya meM dakSa honA, zilpanipuNa honA (sippnyc)| 9. zIlasampanna honA, vyavahAra kuzala honA (vinayo ca susikkhito) / 10. satyAzrita subhASita kA prayoga karanA ( subhAsitA ca yA vAcA) / 11. mAtA-pitA kA upasthAna (sevA) karanA ( mAtApitu - upaTThAnaM ) / 12. parivAra kA parirakSaNa, strI- baccoM ko Azraya pradAna karanA, putradArasaMgraha (puttadArassa saGgaho) / 13. anAkula arthAt dvandarahita karma karanA ( anAkulA ca kampantA ) / 14. dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke lie dAna denA (dAnaJca) / 15. dharmAcaraNa karanA, kAya, mana tathA vacana se prazasta AcaraNa karanA (dhammacariyA ca ) | 16. kuTumboM, sambandhiyoM tathA anya sambaddha logoM arthAt paricArakoM evaM anuyAyivargoM ko sahayoga pradAna karanA (jAtakAnaM ca saMgaho ) / 17. vaise karmoM ko karanA jo dUsaroM ke lie hAnikara na ho, anavadya karmoM ko karanA (. anavajjAni ca kammAni) / 18. pApa se virati 19. kAryoM, zabdoM tathA citta meM bure vicAroMkA sthagana ( aratIviratIpApA) / 20. madyapAna na karanA, athavA mAdaka evaM madanIya dravyoM ke sAhacarya se viramaNa ( majjapAnA ca saMyamo ) / 21. dharmoM meM pramAda na karanA (appamAdo ca dhammesu) / 22. dUsaroM ko gaurava pradAna karanA, AdaraNIyoM ko Adara denA (gAravo ca) / 23. vinamra honA, vinayitA se yukta honA (nivAto ca) / 24. sundara evaM anavadya sAdhanoM se arjita vastuoM se saMtuSTa rahanA, dUsaroM kI vastuoM meM spRhA na karanA ( suntuTThI ca) / 25. kRtajJatA jJApita karanA ( katatA ) / 26. samaya-samaya para dharma-zravaNa karanA ( kAlena dhammasavanaM) / 27. kSAnti (dhairyavAn) honA, sahiSNutA, titikSA ( khantI ca ) /

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zramaNavidyA-3 28. sundaravacana kA prayoga karanA, suvacana karaNatA (sovcsstaa)| 29. yathAkAla zramaNoM kA darzana karanA (samaNAnaJca dssnN)| 30. yathAkAla dharmasaMlApa karanA (kAlena dhmmsaakcch)| 31. tapazcaraNa karanA, udyogaparAyaNa honA (tapo c)| AtApI honA (tapa indriya saMyama hai, yaha abhidhyA, daurmanasya tathA kausIdya ko bhasmIbhUta kara detA hai| 32. brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA (brhmcriynyc)| 33. cAra Aryasatya kA darzana karanA, usakA samyak prativedha prApta karanA __ (ariyasaccAna dssnN)| 34. amosa dharma, prapaJcopazama dharma nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra karanA (nibbAnasacchikiriyA c)| 35. mAna-apamAna, sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha nindA-prazaMsA tathA Adara-anAdara meM vicalita na honA (phuTThassa lokadhammehi cittaM yassa na kmpti)| 36. zoka meM vicalita na honA (asokN)| 37. saMklezoM se citta ko mukta karanA (virjN)| 38. citta ko kSemayukta karanA (khemN)| uparyukta ar3atIsa prakAra ke maGgaloM ko nimna zIrSakoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. sAmAjika siddhAnta 2. sAmAjika AcAradarzana 3. dharmika jIvana ke siddhAnta 4. nirvANa ke adhigama kA mArga sAmAjika siddhAnta vyaktiyoM ke samUha ko samAja kahate hai| 'samAja' zabda kA artha haisamAna se jAnA, saboM ke anukUla vyavahAra karanA, samAna AdarzoM evaM niyamoM tathA nItiyoM kA pAlana krnaa| samAja eka samunnata saMsthA hai jisakA janma

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA sAmUhika hitoM evaM AdarzoM ke pAlana ke lie hotA hai| sAmAjika siddhAnta jo sAmAjika saMsthA ke saMcAlana ke lie nirmita hote haiM, unase sAmAjika niyantraNa, anuzAsana, AdarzoM kA svarUpa parijJApana, nizcita jIvanamUlyoM kA sampAdana, jIvana maryAdAoM aura dhAraNAoM kA antarvezana hotA hai / bhagavAn buddha ne jina sAmAjika siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM 1. asevanA ca bAlAnaM (mUrkhoM kA sAhacarya athavA saMgati na karanA) / 2. paNDitAnaM ca sevanA (paNDitoM evaM jJAniyoM kI sevA karanA) / 3. pUjA ca pUjanIyAnaM ( pUjanIyoM kI pUjA karanA) / 4. patirUpadesavAso ( pratirUpapradeza meM vAsa karanA) / 5. pubbe ca katapuJJatA ( pUrva meM kiyA gayA puNyakarma) / 6. attasammApaNidhi (zArIrika tathA mAnasika rUpa se svayaM ko adhiSThita karanA) / 7. bAhusaccaM (bahuzruta honA, bahuvistIrNa anubhavoM ke AdhAra tAttvika dRSTi ko prApta karanA) / 8. sippaM (kalA tathA vijJAna kA jJAna ) / 9. subhAsitA ca vAcA ( subhASita vacana kA prayoga ) / 10. vinayo ca susikkhito (suzikSita vinaya ) / 1. asevanA ca bAlAnaM 7 bhagavAn buddha ke anusAra mUrkhoM kA asAhacarya arthAt mUrkhoM kI saMgati kA na honA uttama maGgala hai / mUrkha vaha hai jo akuzalakarmoM kA sampAdana karatA hai, asatya bolatA hai, prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| saddharma ke prati zraddhA nahIM rakhatA hai tathA kadAcAraparAyaNa rahatA hai| mUrkha svayaM ko vinaSTa karatA hai aura una logoM ko bhI vinaSTa karatA hai jo unake ativAkyoM se prabhAvita hotA hai| mUrkhoM ke darzana na hone se manuSya sadA sukhI rahatA hai adassanena bAlAnaM niccameva sukhI siyA' (dhammapada 206 ) / mUrkhoM kA saMvAsa sarvadA 'amicca' arthAt zatru ke samAna duHkhadAyaka hotA haiM

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zramaNavidyA-3 bAlasaMgatacArI hi dIghamaddhAna socati / / dukkho bAle hi saMvAso amitteneva sabbadA / / (dhammapada 209) / akele calanA zreyaskara hai kintu mukhoM kI saMgati acchI nahIM hai| 'ekassa caritaM seyyo, natthi bAle sahAyatA' (dhammapada 330) bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki yadi sAtha vicaraNa karane vAlA anukUla paNDita na mile to rAjA ke samAna vijita rASTra ko chor3akara hastirAja ke samAna akelA vicaraNa kare no ce labhetha nipakaM sahAyaM saddhicaraM sAdhuvihAridhIraM / rAjA' va raTuM vijitaM pahAya eko care mAtaGgara va nAgo / / (dhammapada 329) / 'akittijAtaka' meM kahA gayA hai ki mUrkha ko na dekhe, na usakI bAta sune, na usake sAtha saMvAsa kare, na usake sAtha AlApa saMlApa kare, vaha sarvadA anaya kA pravartana karatA hai| uttaradAyitvahInatA meM niyojita karatA hai| anyAya ko adhimAna detA hai, yathocita yA ThIka kahane para krodha karatA hai| vaha vinaya (zIla, sadAcAra) ko nahIM jAnatA hai| ata: mUoM kA adarzana hI acchA hai bAlaM na passe na suNe, na ca bAlena saMvase / bAlenallApasaMlApaM na kare na ca rocaye / / anayaM nayati dummedho adhurAyaM niyuJjati / dunnayo seyyaso hoti, sammavutto pakuppati / / vinayaM so na jAnAti, sAdhu tassa adassanaM / / (akittijAtaka pR. 259) isalie tattvadarzI bhagavAn buddha ne asevanA ca bAlAnaM arthAt mUkhoM ke asAhacarya ko uttama maGgala kahA hai| 2. paNDitAnaM ca sevanA bhagavAna buddha ne paNDitoM ke sAhacarya ko uttama maGgala kahA hai| paNDita samyak vicAra, samyak bhASaNa, zubha evaM maGgalakArI vacana tathA zubhakarma karane vAlA hotA hai| paNDita pANDitya se samanvAgata (paNDiccena samannatA) hotA hai, jJAnavAn, vivekI, dharmaparAyaNa, vinayasampanna tathA satyasandha hotA hai| vaha mAna

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA apamAna meM, nindA - prazaMsA meM kabhI vicalita nahIM hotA hai, vaha zAnta, dhIra tathA nirAvega hotA hai selo yathA ekaghano, vAtena na samIrati / evaM nindA - pasAMsu na samiJjanti paNDitA / / ( dhammapada 81 ) paNDita gaMbhIra jalAzaya ke samAna svaccha aura nirmala hotA hai, vaha dharma ko sunakara viprasanna hotA hai yathApi rahado gambhIro vippasanno anAvilo / evaM dhammAni sutvAna vippasIdanti paNDitA / / (dhammapada 82) akittijAtaka meM akitti ne zakra se vara mA~gA vaha dhIra (jJAnI) ko dekhe, usakI bAta sune, usake sAtha nivAsa kare, usake sAtha AlApa-saMlApa kare aura usI kI bAta meM abhiruci rkhe| usake lie satkarma acchA hotA hai, ucita bAta karane para vaha krodha nahIM karatA hai| vaha vinaya ( zIla) ko jAnatA hai, ataH usake sAtha samAgama acchA hai-- dhIraM passe suNe dhIraM, dhIrena saha saMvase / dhIrenallApasaMlApaM taM kare taJca rocaye || nayaM nayati medhAvI, adhurAyaM na yuJjati / sunayo seyyaso hoti, sammA vutto na kuppati / / vinayaM so pajAnAti, sAdhu tena samAgamo || ( akittijAtaka 259) isa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ke anusAra paNDitoM kI paryupAsanA aura unakA sAhacarya uttama maGgala hai, kyoMki unake sAhacarya se vRtti sanmArgagAminI hotI hai aura abhyudaya evaM naizreyas kA adhigama hotA hai / 3. pUjA ca pUjanIyAnaM pUjanIya janoM kI pUjA, abhyarcA uttama maGgala hai| pUjA kA artha haisammAna, pUjana, abhyarcana, bhaktyAtmaka avadhAnatA, satkAra, gauravabhAva pradarzana (sakkAragarukAramAnana vandanA ) / pUjanIya kA artha hai - sammAna ke yogya pudagala, Adara ke yogya vyakti ( pUjanIya puggala ) / pUjanIya pudgala haiM - pratyeka buddha

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10 zramaNavidyA-3 (jinhoMne svayaM bodhilAbha kiyA hai, AryazrAvaka, buddha ke shraavk| bhagavAn buddha ke anusAra tathAgata, pratyeka buddha, ubhayatobhAga vimukta, prajJAvimukta, kAya sAkSI, dRSTiprApta, zraddhAvimukta, dharmAnusArI tathA gotrabhU-Adara, pUjA, dAna Adi ke yogya evaM sAJjali namasya haiN| pUjanIya janoM kI pUjA do prakAra se kI jAtI hai-1. AmiSapUjA-(annapAnAdi se pUjA) tathA 2. pratipattipUjA ina donoM pUjAvidhiyoM meM pratipatti pUjA zreyaskara hai| pratipatti pUjA aparihArya hai| pUjanIya jana isalie saMpUjya hote haiM, kyoMki ve sabhI prakAra ke doSoM se sarvathA mukta rahate haiM tathA sabhI guNa dharmoM se samalaMkRta rahate haiN| pUjanIya janoM kI pUjA kA phala aprameya, agaNya aura dIrgha kAlika kalyANa tathA Ananda kA pratimAna hai| 4. pratirUpadesavAso ca arthAt suyogya kSetra meM nivAsa karanA uttama maMgala hai| pratirUpadeza use kaha sakate haiM jahA~ jJAnI, vivekI, saccaritra, sarvabhUtahitAnukampI tathA nirvaira loga rahate haiN| bauddha vAGmaya meM bodhagayA, sAranAtha, zrAvastI, rAjagRha, kuzInArA, kapilavastu, lumbinI, Adi ko pratirUpadeza kahA gayA hai kyoMki ina dezoM meM bhagavAn buddha kA nivAsa rahA hai| ina sthAnoM meM rahane se anatikramaNIya dRSTi (dassanAnuttarIya) anatikramaNIya zravaNa (savanAnuttarIya), anatikramaNIya lAbha (lAbhanuttarIya), anatikramaNIya zikSA (sikkhAnuttarIya) anatikramaNIya paricaryA (paricariyAnuttarIya) tathA anatikramaNIya anusmRti kA lAbha hotA hai| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pratirUpadezavAsa se manuSya ke vicAra samunnata hote haiN| usakI vRttiyAM UrdhvagAminI tathA paryavadAta hotI haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya ke anusAra dhanika, zrotriya, rAjA, nadI tathA vaidya, ye pA~ca jahA~ nahIM rahate haiM, vahA~ eka dina kA bhI nivAsa zreyaskara nahIM hai| 5. pubbe ca katapuJatA pUrva ke jIvana meM kiyA gayA puNya uttama maGgala hai-'pubbe ca ktpunytaa'| pUrva meM kiye gaye puNyakarmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa maGgala kI prApti hotI hai| akasmAt isakA sRjana yA adhigama nahIM hotaa| puNya dhAre-dhIre saJcita hotA hai| isa saMcita puNya ko na to koI curA sakatA hai, na to koI bA~Ta sakatA hai| pUrva ke puNya ke kAraNa alabhya evaM aprApya vastue~ bhI prApta hotI haiN| yaha pUrvakRta saMcita puNya devoM tathA manuSyoM kI sabhI kAmanAoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI nidhi hai| devagaNa jina vastuoM kI kAmanA

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 11 karate haiM, isase prApta ho jAte haiN| isase suvarNatA, susvaratA, svarUpatA, Adhipatya, parivAra, pradezarAjya, aizvarya, cakravartI samrATa kA sukha, devarAjya, pratyeka mAnavIya uttamatA, devaloka kA Ananda, nirvANa-sampadA, mitrasampadA, jJAnasampadA, vidyAvimukti tathA vazIbhAva, pratisaMvidA (viveka), vimokSa, zrAvaka pAramI pratyeka bodhi tathA buddhabhUmi Adi kI prApti hotI hai| yaha puNyasampadA mahattara puraskAra pradAna karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai jJAnI jana kRtapuNyatA (puNyasaJcaya) kI prazaMsA karate haiM esa devamanussAnaM sabbakAmadado nidhi / yaM yaM devAbhipatthenti sabbametena labbhati / / suvaNNatA susaratA susaNThAnA surUpatA / adhipacca parivAro sabbametena labbhati / / padesarajjaM issariyaM cakkavattisukhaM piyaM / devarajjampi dibbesu sabbametena labbhati / / mAnussikA ca sampatti devaloke ca yA rati / yA ca nibbAnasampatti sabbametena labbhati / / mittasampadamAgamma yoniso ca payuJjato / vijjAvimuttivasIbhAvo sabbametena labbhati / / paTisambhidA vimokkhA ca yA ca sAvaka pAramI / paccekabodhi buddhabhUmi sabbametena labbhati / / evaM mahatthikA esA yadidaM puJjasampadA / tasmA dhIrA pasaMsanti paNDitA katapuJjataM ti / / (khuddakapATha, nidhikaNDasutta) 6. AtmasamyakpraNidhi ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai(attasammApaNidhi) yahA~ kucha loga aise haiM jo zIlavipanna hone para bhI apane ko zIlasampanna evaM zIlasamalaMkRta ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| zraddhArahita hone para bhI apane ko zraddhAnvita kahate haiM, arthavazAca dhanalolupa, kRpaNa lene para bhI apane ko

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zramaNavidyA- 3 paramodAra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| Atmasamyak praNidhi kA artha haiapane ko samyak karma meM vyavasthita evaM pratiSThita karanA / yahA~ atta zabda citta ke artha meM prayukta hai- 'ettha attAti cittaM, sakalo attabhAvo' / 12 duHzIla, zIlavipanna aura asamAhita kA zatavarSaparyanta jInA zreyaskara nahIM hai, dhyAyI evaM prajJAvAna kA eka dina kA jInA hI zreyaskara hai yo ca vassasataM jIve dussIlo asamAhito / ekAhaM jIvitaM seyyo paJJAvantassa jhAyino / / (dhammapada 111 ) citta durrakSya aura durnivArya hotA hai / citta se hI loka kA pravartana hotA hai, citta ke kAraNa hI saMsAra ke loga parikarSita hote haiN| saMsAra ke sabhI loga citta ke adhIna haiM cittena nIyati loko cittena parikassati / cittassa ekadhammassa sabbe' va vasamanvagU'ti / / yadi citta susamAhita ho jAya to usameM rAga kA praveza nahIM hotA hai / aura vaha citta aizvaryoM evaM guNoM kA prApaka ho jAtA hai / sanmArga para ArUr3ha citta sabhI apUrva sampadAoM ko dene vAlA ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki jitanA upakAra mAtA-pitA yA dUsare bhAI-bandhu nahIM kara pAte, usase kahIM adhika upakAra ThIka mArga para arthAt samyak praNihita lagA huA citta karatA hai - (saM.ni. 1 / pR. 6) na taM mAtA-pitA kayirA aJje vApi ca jAtakA / sammApaNihitaM cittaM seyyaso naM tato kare / / ( dhammapada 43) jitanI hAni yA apakAra zatru zatru kI yA vairI vairI kI karatA hai, usase kahIM adhika anaitika kAryoM meM lagA huA citta karatA hai / mithyA praNihita citta sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa haiM diso diso yaM taM kayirA verI vA pana verinaM / micchApaNihitaM cittaM pApiyo naM tato kare / / ( dhammapada 42 )

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA jisane apane citta ko damita kara liyA hai, vaha sabase zreSTha haiattadanto tato varaM (dhammapada 322) / ina yAnoM se koI nirvANa kI ora nahIM jA sktaa| apane citta ko jisane damita kara liyA hai, vahI sudAntacitta vahA~ pahu~ca sakatA hai-- na hi etehi yAnehi gaccheyya agataM disaM / yathAttanA sudantena danto dantena gacchati / / (dhammapada 323) citta sarvathA prabhAsvara hotA hai, vaha Agantuka maloM se saMkliSTa ho jAtA hai-- pakati pabhassaramidaM cittaM taM ca kho Agantukehi malehi upakiliTTha ti (aM.ni. 1 / 10) / citta ke saMkilaSTa hone se sattva bhI pradUSita ho jAtA hai tathA citta ke vizuddha hone para sattva bhI vizuddha evaM prabhAsvara ho jAtA hai'cittasaMkilesA sattA saMkilissanti, citta vodAnA satta visujjhanti' (saM. 3 / 151) / 13 6. bAhusaccaM arthAt bahuzruta honA, bahuvistIrNa anubhavoM ke AdhAra para tAttvika dRSTi ke adhigama ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| jo sutta, geyya, veyyAkaraNa (vyAkhyA), gAthA, udAna (samunnayana gAthA) itivRttaka (aisA kahA upadeza), jAtaka (pUrvajanma kI kathA ), abbhutadhamma (samunnata vicAra) tathA vadella (prazna aura uttara ) arthAt navaGga buddha zAsana me pravINa hai, vahI bahuzruta hai| yaha bahuzrutatA hI uttama maGgala hai| yaha bahuzrutatva alAbhakara ko nirAkRta karatA hai aura lAbhakara ko prApta karAtA hai / yaha paramArthasatya ke sAkSAtkAra kA parama kAraNa hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki jo zrutavAn (sutavA) hai, vaha alAbhakara ko chor3atA hai, nindanIya ko chor3atA hai aura anindya kI rakSA karate hue apane ko vizuddha rakhatA hai (a.ni. ca.ni. mettAvagga, 23 / 96 / 160 ) / punaH yaha kahA gayA hai ki vaha dhAraNa kiye dharma kI parIkSA karatA hai, kyoMki arthaparIkSita dharma hI dhyAna karane yogya banate haiN| dharma ke dhyAna dene yogya hone se usameM abhiruci (chanda) utpanna hotI hai| abhiruci se usameM utsAha kI prakRti kA jAgaraNa hotA hai / utsAha karate-karate vaha usakA utthAna karatA hai| utthAna se akuzala dharmoM kA pradahana hotA hai| pradahana karate karate vaha apane isI janma meM parama satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| prajJA se ise bedha kara dekhatA hai| gRhajIvana se sambaddha bahuzrutatA bhI uttama maGgala hai, yadi yaha doSarahita hai donoM lokoM meM maMgala aura Ananda kA prApaka hai|

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zramaNavidyA-3 7. kalA aura vijJAna ke jJAna ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai- (sippN)| jahA~ taka zilpa kA sambandha hai, vaha do prakAra kA hai-gRhazilpa tathA anAgArika shilp| gRhazilpa meM aneka prakAra zilpoM kA samAveza hotA hai| svarNakAroM kA zilpa, lauhakAroM kA zilpa, kintu naitika dRSTi se lAbhakArI nahIM hai| anAgArika zilpa meM bhikSuoM kA pariskAroM kI gaNanA hotI hai| ye donoM prakAra ke zilpa donoM lokoM ke lie tathA saboM ke lie maMgala evaM Ananda ke prApaka haiN| kalA mAnava-saMskRti kI upaja hai| mAnava ne zreSTha saMskAra ke rUpa meM jo kucha saundaryabodha prApta kiyA hai| usakA antarbhAva 'kalA' zabda meM hotA hai| kalA manuSya ke bhAvajagat ko nirantara taralatA aura sundaratA pradAna karatI hai| karma kI kuzalatA hI kalA hai| mAnava ke dvArA kalA kI pratiSThA huI hai aura kalA ke dvArA mAnava ne Atmacaitanya evaM Atmagaurava prApta kiyA hai| kalA kI nirmiti meM kalAkAra ko eka viziSTa prakAra ke Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura Ananda dAna hI apratima kalA kA uddezya hai| kalA kA ekamAtra lakSya saundarya kA anusandhAna tathA rasAnubhUti hai| kalAe~ vividha haiM kintu samasta kalAe~ eka dUsare se sambaddha haiN| kalA vastu ko saundaryapravaNa banAtI hai aura A~khoM tathA kAnoM ko Ananda pahu~cAtI hai| kalAoM meM kAvyakalA, citrakalA, saMgItakalA, nATyakalA tathA vAstukalA Adi kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| kAvyakalA meM lalita evaM komala bhAvapravaNa zabdoM kI pradhAnatA hai, saMgIta meM svara kI parantu zreSTha kAvya meM geyatA kA evaM sAMgItika madhurimA kA antarvezana hotA hai| saMgIta svatantra kalA hai kintu kAvya meM vaha rasa-paripoSaka banakara hI sArthaka bana pAtA hai| citrakalA kI bhASA hai raMga aura rekhA citrakalA A~khoM ko sammohita karatI hai aura anta:karaNa ko Ananda-sAgara meM nimajjita kara detI hai| kintu citrakalA meM zrutimAdhurya ke anubhava kA bhAva nahIM hotA hai| nATyakalA eka aisI sArvajanIna kalA hai, jisameM saMgIta, nRtya, zilpa aura vAGmaya sabakI saMhiti hai isIlie nATyakalA jaisI sArvajanInatA anya kalAoM meM nahIM hotii| nATyakalA bhinna ruci vAle rasikoM ke samArAdhana kA sAdhana haiN| kalA kI anubhUti ekarasa ora akhaNDa hai| kalA saundaryAnubhUti aura rasAsvAdana kI prakriyA ko janma detI hai| vAstukalA bhavananirmANa kI kalA hai| ina zilpoM evaM kalAoM kA jJAna maMgala kA prApaka hai| ataH bhagavAn buddha ne zilpa ko uttama maMgala kahA hai|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 15 8. vinayasusikkhitA arthAt suzikSita zIla ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| jahA~ taka zIla arthAt vinaya kA sambandha hai, vaha eka AcArasaMhitA hai jisameM niyamoM ke samUha prajJapta hai aura jo mAnava ke kAyika evaM vAcika AcaraNa ko suzikSita karatA hai tAki vaha nirdhArita rItiyoM kA anusaraNa kare aura AdarzoM aura maryAdAoM se saMyamita samAja kA eka Adarza sadasya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho ske| samAja meM sahabhAva se eka sAtha rahane vAle manuSyoM ke vinaya (zIla) kA honA anivArya hai| kAyika, vAcika tathA mAnasika doSoM se sarvathA vimukta hone ke lie alAbhakArI kriyAkalApoM se sarvathA mukta rahanA anivArya hai| kAyika avadhatA arthAt doSa meM hiMsA (pANa-vadha), pANaghAta hai| jIvitendriya kA uccheda karanA hI hiMsA hai| adattAdAna anaitika kArya hai| adatta vastu kA AdAna (grahaNa) karanA corI hai| kAmamithyAcAra nindanIya kArya hai paradArAbhimarzana kAyadvAra se hI hotA hai jo sarvathA niyamaviruddha haiN| agamyAgamanaM parastrIgamanaM kAmamithyAcAra: cturvidhH)| vAcika doSa cAra prakAra ke haiM--mRSAvAda (asatyavacana) pizunavAk, parUSavAk aura samphappalApa (sabhinnapralApa)-ye cAra karma vAgdvAra meM bahulatayA pravRtta hote haiN| ___ manaH karma (manokamma) meM abhidhyA, vyApAda tathA mithyAdRSTi kI gaNanA hotI hai| ye kAyavijJapti tathA vAgvijJapti ke binA bhI manodvAra meM bahulatayA pravRtta hone ke kAraNa mana:karma kahe jAte haiN| jaba manuSya ina akuzala karma pathoM ko vizuddha kara letA hai, usameM suzikSitA ko prApta kara letA hai aura zuddhAcaraNa ke guNoM ko prApta kara letA hai to vaha usake lie vaha suzikSitA mAMgalika ho jAtI hai| aura yaha usake lie uttama maGgala bana jAtI hai| bhikSujIvana meM vaha prAtima sUtra meM varNita niyamoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karatA hai, aura pArAjika, saMghAdisaMsa, pAcittiya, nisaggiya pAcittiya pATidesanIya, dukkaTa (duSkRta), thullaccaya (gurUtara aparAdha) tathA dubbhAsita (durbhASita) se virata rahatA hai| prAtimokSa ke niyamoM kA pAlana karatA huA bhikSu arhatva ko prApta kara letA hai| arhatva prApaNa se laukika aura lokottara Ananda kI prApti hotI hai|

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16 zramaNavidyA-3 9. subhAsitavAcA subhASitavacana ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| mRSAvAda, paruSavAk, pizunavAk tathA sabhinnapralApa se mukta hone ko subhASitavacana kahate haiN| subhASita aura sundara vacana ke prayoga se mana meM prAsAdikatA anusyUta hotI hai| subhASita ko santoM ne uttama kahA hai| manuSya ko dharma kahanA caahie| adharma nhiiN| priya bolanA cAhie, apriya nahIM, satya kA sarvadA saMbhASaNa karanA cAhie, asatya kA kabhI Azraya nahIM lenA cAhiye subhAsitaM uttamamAhu santo dhamma bhaNe nAdhammaM taM datiyaM / piyaM bhaNe nAppiyaM taM tatiyaM saccaM bhaNe nAlikaM taM catutthaM / / (subhAsita sUtra pR 110) kSemakArI nirvANa kI prApti ke lie tathA duHkha kA anta karane ke lie bhagavAn buddha jisa vacana kA prayoga karate haiN| vahI vacana anuttama evaM zreyaskara hai yaM buddho bhAsati vAcaM khemaM nibbANapattiyA / dukkhassantakiriyAya sA ve vAcAnamuttamaM / / (subhAsitasutra suu|pR.112) manuSya ko sarvadA sarvatra durbhASita se virata rahanA caahiye| aura priyatara vacana kA hI prayoga karanA caahie| priyatara vacana ora sundara subhASita ke prayoga se manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM viprasannatA AtI hai| aura dUsare loga bhI viprasanna hote haiN| zAstA ke samakSa vaGgIsa kahatA hai tameva vAcaM bhAseyya yAyattAnaM na tApaye / pare ca na vihiMseyya sA ve vAcA subhAsitA / / (sR.ni.pR.112|) kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki usI vANI kA prayoga karanA cAhie jo na to svayaM ko saMtapta kare aura na dUsaroM ko hI kaSTa phuNcaae| aisI vANI ko hI subhASita kahate haiN| vastuta: AhlAdakArI satyavacana kA hI prayoga karanA caahie| jo saboM ke lie sukhada aura priyakara ho| puna: Age vaGgIsa kahatA hai piyavAcameva bhAseyya yA vAcA paTinanditA / yaM anAdAya pApAni paresaM bhAsate piyaM / /

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA saccaM ve amatAvAcA esa dhammo sanantano / sacce atthe ca dhamme ca Ahu santo patiTThitA / / 1 / / kisI ko bhI priyavacana kA hI prayoga karanA cAhie jise dUsare loga AnandapUrvaka grahaNa kara skeN| vaha pAparahita ho dUsaroM ke lie priyavacana kA prayoga karatA hai| satya hI amRta vacana hai, yahI sanAtana dharma hai| satya, artha aura dharma meM santa pratiSThita rahate haiN| isa prakAra buddha, pratyeka buddha tathA buddha ke suyogya ziSya subhASita kA prayoga karate haiN| dharmavacana, priyavacana tathA satyavacana kA prayoga ko hI subhASita kahate haiN| 2. sAmAjika AcAradarzana bhagavAn buddha mAnava-kalyANa ke prati vizeSa rUpa se abhiruci rakhate the aura vastutaH unhoMne una siddhAntoM ko abhigRhIta kiyA jo mAnava samudAya ke sAmAjika jIvana ke lie lAbhakArI hai| hama yaha pAte haiM ki bhagavAna buddha tAttvika gUr3ha samasyAoM ke prati sambaddha utane nahIM the jitanA ki ve samAja meM naitika AdarzoM ke samunnayana meM prayatnazIla the| samasta buddha kI dharmadezanA se hameM yahI zikSA milatI hai ki kahIMbhI unhoMne tAttvika dRSTikoNa kA prajJApana nahIM kiyaa| poTThapAda ke dvArA pUche gaye tAttvika evaM gUr3ha praznoM ko unhoMne vyAkRta nahIM kiyA aura una praznoM ko avyAkRta isalie kahA kyoMki isa prakAra ke prazna na arthayukta haiM na dharmayukta, na Adi brahmacarya ke lie upayukta haiM, na nirveda ke lie haiM, na vairAgya ke lie na nirodha ke lie, na upazama ke lie, na abhijJA ke lie, na paramArthajJAna evaM sambodhi ke lie aura na nirvANa ke lie hI haiN| bhagavAn buddha ananta karuNA ke pratimAna the, saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ke prati ve dayAvAn the| samAja meM parivyApta rUr3hiyoM, andhavizvAsoM ko nirasta kara unhoMne vizuddha, naitika jIvana-yApana ke samunnata mArga ko prazasta kiyaa| gRhastha jIvana tathA maThIya jIvana donoM ke lie unhoMne sAmAjika AcAradarzana kA pravartana kiyA tathA manuSyoM evaM unake sAmAjika sambandhoM ke bIca una bhAvanAoM aura vicAroM ko sthApita kiyA jo vizvabandhutA, dayAlutA tathA parasparAzrayitA para Azrita thaa| unhoMne madhura sAmAjika bhAvasaMvegoM ke saMvardhana aura saMpoSaNa ke lie Agraha kiyA tAki ve eka dUsare ke sAtha sumanaska aura viprasanna ho raha skeN|

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zramaNavidyA- 3 1. mAtA-pitA arthAt pitaroM ke upasthApana (sevA) ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai-- 'mAtA - pitu-upaTThAnaM' / apanI santAna ke prati mAtA-pitA ke hRdaya meM vAtsalya kI bhAvanA sarvadA varttamAna rahatI hai aura ve apanI santAna kI sukha-samRddhi ke lie sarvadA saceSTa rahate haiM / ataH santAna ke lie anivArya hai ki santAna pUrI niSThA ke sAtha mAtA-pitA kA bharaNa-poSaNa kare tAki ve viprasanna jIvana yApana kara skeN| jo santAna mAtA-pitA kI niSThApUrvaka sevA nahIM karatI hai, vaha pApa ke bhAgI hotI hai| mAtA sarvadA anukampA karane vAlI hotI hai, vaha pratiSThA hai, vaha kSIrarUpI prathama rasa kI dAyikA hai| svarga kA mArga hai| prathama kSIrarUpI rasa kA pAna karAne vAlI, vipattiyoM se rakSA karane vAlI, puNya ko upasaMhRta karane vAlI mAtA hI hai 18 anukampA patiTThA ca pubberasadadI ca no / maggo saggassa sopAnaM mAtA te varate ise / / pubbe rasadadI gottI mAtA pupasaMhitA / maggo saggassa lokassa mAtA taM varate ise / / mAtA santAna rUpI phala kI prApti ke lie aneka duSkara kriyAe~ karatI haiM / putraphala kI kAmanA karatI huI vaha devatAoM ko namaskAra karatI hai, nakSatroM ke bAre meM pUchatI hai, Rtu tathA saMvatsara ke bAre meM pUchatI hai| RtunI hone para garbha sthApana hotA hai usase vaha dohadavAlI hotI hai aura suhRdayA kahalAtI hai / varSa bhara yA usase kama samaya taka garbhadhAraNa kie rahakara, vaha santAna ko janma detI hai, usIse vaha jananI ( janikA ) kahalAtI hai| stana pAna karAkara, gItagAkara, aMgoM kA saMcAlana kara vaha rotI huI santAna ko santuSTa karatI hai, isalie vaha saMtuSTa karane vAlI kahalAtI hai| mAtA mamatA ke sAtha abodha bacce ko ghora vAta-Atapa (havA, dhUpa) se rakSA karatI huI putroM kA poSaNa karatI hai / - pitA kA jo dhana hotA hai, vaha donoM kI rakSA karatI huI, yaha mere putra kA dhana hogA, samajhakara usakI rakSA karatI hai / isa prakAra putra ko vibhinna karma karane kI zikSA detI huI kaSTa pAtI hai| isa prakAra kaThinAI se saMpoSita putra jaba mAtA-pitA kI sevA nahIM karatA hai, taba vaha nirayaloka meM jAtA hai / mAtA AkaGkhamAnA puttaphalaM devatAya namassati / nakkhattAni ca pucchati utusaMvaccharAni ca / /

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA tassA utusinAtAya hoti gabbhassa avakkamo / te dohalinI hoti suhadA tena vuccati / / saMvaccharaM ca UnaM vA pariharitvA vijAyati / tena sA janayantI janetI tena vuccati / / thanakhIrena gItena aGgapApuraNena c|| rodantaM eva toseti tosentI tena vuccati / / taso vAtAtape ghore mamiM katvAva dArakaM / appajAnanta poseti posentI tena vuccati / / yaM ca mAtudhanaM hoti yaJca hoti pitudhanaM / ubhayaM etassa gopeti, api puttassa no siyA / / evaM putta adu putta iti mAtA vihaJjati / pamattaM paradAresu nisIthe pattayobbane sAyaM puttaM anAyantaM iti mAtA vihaJjati / / ___ (jAtaka-5 soNanandajAtaka) putra mAtA-pitA ke RNa se kabhI mukta nahIM hotA, kyoMki donoM milakara putra ke caturasra vikAsa ke lie, sarvadA prayatnazIla rahate haiM aura vAtsalya kI Urjasvita dhArA nirantara pravAhita karate rahate haiN| mAtA-pitA donoM mahanIya evaM prazaMsanIya hote haiM, ve brahma haiM, prathama AcArya haiN| ve putroM dvArA AdaraNIya haiM, ve santAna para anukampA karane vAle hote haiN| isalie paNDita ko cAhie ki unheM namaskAra kareM tathA unakA Adara kreN| jo paNDita jana anna-pAna se, vastra se, saMmardana, saMvAhana se, snAna, pAda-prakSAlana se sevA karatA hai, usakI yahA~ prazaMsA hotI hai, aura svarga meM jAne para vaha Ananda ko prApta hotA hai brahmA hi mAtA-pitaro pubbacariyA ti vuccare / AhuneyyA ca puttAnaM pajAnaM anukampakA / / tasmA hi te namasseyya sakkareyya ca paNDito / annena athopAnena vatthena sayanena ca / /

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20 zramaNavidyA-3 tAyaM na paricariyAya mAtApitusu paNDitA / idha ceva naM pasaMsanti pecca sagge ca modati / / (sonanda jAtaka 9 / 93) sigAlAvAda sutta ke anusAra pA~ca prakAra se mAtA-pitA kI sevA (pratyupasthAna) karanI cAhie-1. inhoMne merA bharaNa-poSaNa kiyA hai, ata: mujhe unakA bharaNa poSaNa karanA caahie| 2. inhoMne merA kArya kiyA hai ata: mujhe inakA kArya karanA cAhie 3. inhoMne kula-vaMza ko kAyama rakhA hai ata: kulavaMza ko kAyama rakhanA caahie| 4. inhoMne mujhe dAyAda (dAyajja) virAsata diyA hai| ata: mujhe dAyAda pratipAdana karanA caahie| mRta pitaroM ke nimitta zraddhApUrvaka dAna denA caahie| isa prakAra pA~ca taraha se sevita mAtA pitA putra para pA~ca prakAra se anukampA karate hai| (ka) pApa karmoM se nivArita karate haiM (kha) puNyakarmoM meM niyojita karate haiN| (ga) zilpa sikhalAte haiN| (gha) yogya strI se vivAhasambandha sthApita karAte haiN| (ta) samaya pAkara dAyajja kA niSpAdana karate haiN| isa pA~ca bAtoM se putra kI pUrvadizA praticchanna, kSemayukta evaM bhayarahita hotI hai| siMgAlovAda sutta, (dI. ni3|2|) sacamuca pA~ca vastuoM ko dekhakara mAtA-pitA putra kI kAmanA karate hai| vaha bharaNa-poSaNa karegA, karaNIyakarmoM kA sampAdana karegA, vaha kulavaMza ko pratiSThita karegA, vaha dAyAda ko surakSita rakhegA aura maraNoparAnta pretoM ko upAyana bheMTa karegA ina pA~ca bAtoM ko dekhakara paNDita putra kI kAmanA karate hai| pUrvakRta kAryoM kA anusmaraNa kara kRtajJa evaM katavedI putra apane mAtA-pitA kI sevA karate hai, viprasanna ho bharaNa-poSaNa karate hai, ve AjJAkArI bhRtapoSI tathA kulavaMza ke rakSaka hote haiN| zraddhAvAn evaM zIlasampanna putra prazaMsanIya hote haiM paJcaTThAnAni sampassaM puttaM icchanti paNDitA / bhato vA no bharissati kiccaM vA no karissati / / kulavaMso ciraM tiDhe dAyajjaM paTipajjati athavA pana petAnaM dakkhiNaMnupadassati / ThAnaJcatAni sampassaM puttaM icchanti paNDitA / /

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA tasmA santo sappurisA kattajU ktvedino| bharanti mAtApitaro pubbe katamanussaraM / / karonti nesaM kiccAnaM yathAtaM pubbakArine / ovAdakArI bhataposI kulavasaM ahApaye / saddho sIlenasampanno putto hoti pasaMsiyo / / ___ (aM. ni. sumanavagga) jo mAtA pitA kI mana se sevA nahI karate haiM, ve nirayaloka ko jAte haiN| dhana kI kAmanA karane vAloM kA dhana bhI vinaSTa ho jAtA hai aura kaSTa pAte haiM kintu jo mAtA-pitA kI viprasanna mana se sevA karate haiM ve jIvana meM Amoda, pramoda, hAsya krIr3A evaM Ananda pAte haiN| jo mAtA-pitA kI sevA karate haiM ve yahA~ saba kucha pAte haiM, aura prazaMsita hote haiM evaM kicchAbhato poso mAtu aparicArako / mAtari micchA caritvAna nirayaM so upapajjati / evaM kicchAbhato poso pitu apricaarko| pitari micchA caritvAna nirayaM so upapajjati / / dhanaM pi dhanakAmAnaM nassati iti me sutaM / mAtaraM aparicaritvAna kicchaM vA so nigacchati / / dhanaM pi dhanakAmAnaM nassati iti me sutaM / pitaraM aparicaritvAna kicchaM vA so nigacchati / / Anando ca pamodo ca sadAhasitakILitaM / mAtaraM paricaritvAna labhametaM vijAnato / / Anando ca pamodo ca sadAhasitakILitaM / pitaraM paricaritvAna labhametaM vijAnato / / dhanaM ca piyavAcaM ca atthacariyA ca yA idha / samAnattatA ca dhammesu tattha tattha yathArahaM / / ete kho saMgahA loke rathassANIva jAyato / ete ca saMgahA nAssu na mAtApitukAraNA / /

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22 zramaNavidyA- 3 lametha mAnaM pUjaM ca pitA vA puttakAraNA / yasmA ca saMgahA ete samavekkhanti paNDitA / tasmA mahattaM papponti pasaMsA ca bhavanti te / / isa prakAra hita cAhane vAle apane mAtA-pitA kI niSThApUrvaka sevA karate haiM' ve sadA sukhapUrvaka jIvana-yApana karate haiM aura manovAMchita phala ko prApta karate hue sarvadA viprasanna rahate haiN| jo prabhUta dhana rahane para bhI vRddha mAtA-pitA (jiNNakaM gatayobbanaM ) kI sevA nahIM karate haiM use vRSala samajhanA cAhieyo mAtaraM pitaraM vA jiNNakaM gatayobbanaM / pahu santo na bharati, taM jaJA vasalo iti / / su. ni. vasalasutta isa prakAra bhagavAna buddha ne mAtA-pitA kI sevA ko uttama maMgala kahA hai kyoMki mAtA-pitA kI sevA karane se donoM lokoM meM logoM kI pratiSThA hotI hai aura ve aparimita Ananda ke bhAgI hote haiN| (2) puttadArassasaGgaho arthAta putra tathA strI kA saMgraha arthAt pAlana karanA uttama maGgala hai| 'putra' (putra) zabda kA prayoga yahA~ putroM duhitAoM donoM ke lie huA haiM / itivRttaka ke putrasutta meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki putra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- atijAta, anujAta tathA avajAta - 'ime kho bhikkhave, tayo puttA santo saMvijjamAnA lokasmiM - atijAtaM anujAtaM puttamicchanti paNDitA / avajAtaM na icchAnti yo hoti kulamandhino / / ( iti vu. - putta sutta) jo putra atijAta praNItotpanna aura anujAta samAnotpanna hote haiM, unheM paNDita cAhate haiM aura jo avajAta hInotpanna hote haiM unheM paNDita loga nahIM cAhate haiN| kyoMki ve kula ke ucchedaka hote haiN| saGgaho saMgraha kA artha hai-- sahayatA pradAna karanA, ThIka DhaMga se putra dArA kA anupAlana karanA / ise uttama maGgala kahA gayA haiM / jo mAtA-pitA apane baccoM kA bharaNa-poSaNa karate haiN| unake kRtyoM kA sampAdana karate haiN| mRta pretoM ke nimitta zrAddha - dAna karate haiN| kulavaMza kI paramparA ko surakSita rakhate haiM putroM ke dAyAda ko surakSita rakhate haiN| unake putra bhI apane mAtA-pitA kI bharaNa-poSaNa karate hai| kulavaMza kI paramparA ko banAe rakhate haiM, uttarAdhikAra

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23 bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA ko surakSita rakhate haiN| mRtapretoM ke nimitta zrAddhadAna dete haiM (dI. ni. sigAlovAdasutta) dArA (bhariyA) bIsa prakAra kI kahI gayI hai--(1) mAtRrakSitA (2) sArakSA (3) pitRrakSitA (4) mAta-pitRrakSitA (5) bhrAtRrakSitA (6) bhaginIrakSitA (7) jJAtirakSitA (8) gotrarakSitA (9) dharmarakSitA (10) saparidaNDA (11) dhanakrItA (12) chandavAsinI (13) bhogavAsinI (14) udakapAtrI (15) paTavAsinI (16) avabhRtacumbaTA (17) dhvajAhatA (18) karmakArI (19) dAsIbhAryA (20) gotrrkssitaa| anyatra sAta prakAra kI patniyoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai(1) vadhikApatnI (2) corApatnI (3) AryA - patnI (4) mAtA-patnI (5) bhaginI-patnI (6) sakhA-patnI tathA (7) daasii-ptnii| inameM se jo mAtApatnI, bhaginI-patnI tathA dAsI- patnI haiM ve marane ke bAda sugati ko prApta hotI haiM tathA jo vadhikA-patnI, corA-patnI, AryA-bhAryA, duzzIlarUpA, paruSA tathA anAdarA haiM, ve marane ke bAda durgati ko prApta hotI haiM (aM.ni. avyaaktvgg)| bhAryA ko pazcima dizA kI saMjJA dI gayI hai, ata: svAmI ko sammAna se, anAdara na karane se, aticAra arthAt paradArA gamana na karane se, aizvarya pradAna se, alaMkAra AbhUSaNa, vastrAbharaNa pradAna se bhAryA rUpI pazcima dizA kA upasthAna hone se vaha svAmI para pA~ca prakAra se anukampA karatI hai- (1) vaha ThIka DhaMga se gRhakAryoM kA sampAdana karatI hai, (2) parijanoM dAsakarmiyoM ko vaza meM rakhatI hai (3) svayaM aticAra nahIM karatI haiN| (4) arjita dravyAdi kI rakSA karatI hai saba kAryoM meM dakSa tathA nirAlasya rahatI hai| (dI. ni. sigAlovAda sutta) isa prakAra putradArasaMgraha uttama maMgala hai| zakra ne mAtali se kahA hai ki jo puNyakArI, zIlavAn gRhastha upAsaka dharma ke dvArA niyamapUrvaka dArA kA sampoSaNa karate haiM, maiM unheM namaskAra karatA hU~ ye gahaTThA puJakarA sIlavanto upAsako / dhammena dAraM posenti taM namassAmi mAtali / / (saM. ni. sakkasutta) (3) anAkula karmAnta ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA haiN| kRSikarma, gorakSA tathA vANijya para manuSyoM kI ajIvikA nirbhara karatI hai| aneka

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24 zramaNavidyA-3 prakAra kI ulajhanoM tathA samasyAoM se rahita AjIvikA ko anAkula karmAnta kahate haiN| anAkula karmAnta samAnaniSThA, samyakakarma, udyogaparAyaNatA tathA prAtarutthAna ko janma detA hai aura avadha karmoM se mukta rakhatA hai| kRSi, gorakSA tathA vANijya kA sampAdana yadi viveka se athavA patnI-baccoM tathA paricaroM ke sahayoga se kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha dhanArjana kA mUla kAraNa banatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki jo anurUpa kArya karane vAlA hai, utsAhI tathA udyogaparAyaNa evaM ArabdhavIrya hai, vaha dhana ko prApta karatA hai-'patirUpakArI dhuravA uTThAtA vindate dhanaM (Alavaka sutta) sigAlovAda sutta meM bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki jo dina meM sone vAlA hai, rAta meM uThane ko burA mAnatA hai, mada pIkara jo madonmatta rahane vAlA hai,vaha ghara-gRhasthI nahIM calA sakatA hai| bahuta zIta hai bahuta uSNa hai aba bahuta saMdhyA ho gayI hai, isa taraha vicAra karate hue manuSya nirdhana ho jAte haiM kintu jo puruSa kAma karate hue zIta uSNa ko tRNa se adhika nahIM mAnate hai, vaha puruSa kRtyoM ko karane vAlA kabhI sukha se vaJcita nahIM hote haiN| na divAsuppa sIlena rattinuTThAna dassinA / niJcaM mattena soNDena sakkA AvisituM gharaM / atisItaM atiuNhaM atisAyamidaM ahu / / iti nissaTTakammante atthA accenti mANave / yo ca sItaM ca uNhaJca tiNA bhiyyo na maJati karaM purisakiccAni so sukhA na vihAyatIti / / (dI.ni. siMgAla sutta) bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki jo nidrAzIla hai, sabhAzIla hai, anudyamI hai, krodhI hai, usa manuSya kA parAbhava hotA hai nibAsIlI sabhAsIlI anuTThAtA ca yo naro / alaso kodhapajANo taM parAbhavato mukhaM / / anyatra bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki madhumakkhI ke samAna bhogoM kA saMcaya karane vAlA hai, usake bhoga valmIka kI taraha bar3hate haiM bhoge saMharamAnassa bhamarasseva irIyato / bhogA sannicayaM yanti vammIkovUpacIyati / / (dI. ni. siMgAlasunta)

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 25 (4) dAna bhagavAn buddha ne dAna ko uttama maGgala kahA hai| dAna kA artha haisampradAna, upAyana, udAratA, dayAlutA aadi| dAna meM tyAga kI cetanA anusyUta rahatI hai| dAna ko sampradAna kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai jisameM atizaya dayAlutA tathA udAratA kI bhAvanA ke sAtha saMtoSa kI vRtti sampRkta rahatI hai| dUsare kI hitaiSitA ke lie sva dhana kA samarpaNa hI dAna hai| dAna dene yogya vastuoM meM anna, pAna, vasana, puSpa, gandha, zayanAsana, upavezanAzana, nivesana tathA pradIpa haiN| dAna meM abhidhyA nahI hotI, sva kA pUrNa samarpaNa hotA hai| dAna uttama maGgala hai kyoMki yaha vizeSa phala ke adhigama kA kAraNa hai| dAna dene vAlA sabo ke lie priya hotA hai| vaha saboM kA hRdayAnuraJjaka hotA hai| __ dAna dene ke pUrva dAtA hRdaya se viprasanna hotA hai, dene ke bAda vaha pUrNa saMtuSTa rahatA hai, die jAne para usakA hRdaya ullAsa se bhara jAtA hai| gRhItA kA mana lobha, lipsA, ghRNA tathA moha se mukta hotA hai| dAna kI mahimA aprameya tathA anirvacanIya hai| dAna kI mahimA kA nirUpaNa karate hue bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki dAna se pUrva sumanaska puruSa, dete samaya citta ko prasanna kare, dekara santuSTa hotA hai, yahI dAnayajJa kI sampadA hai| brahmacAriyoM kA dAna sampanna kSetra hai| yadi koI parizuddha ho svayaM apane hAthoM se dAna detA hai to apane aura dUsaroM ke lie yaha dAnayajJa mahAn phala vAlA hotA hai| isa prakAra zraddhAvAn, medhAvI muktacitta se dAnayajJa kara du:kharahita sukha saMsAra meM utpanna hotA hai pubbeva dAnA sumano dadaM cittaM pasAdaye / datvA attamano hoti, esA yaJassa sampadA / / vItarAgo vItadoso vItamoho anAsavo / khettaM yajJassa sampannaM saJatAbrahmacArino / / sayaM AcariyatvAna datvA sakebhi pANibhi / attano parato cesA yo hoti mahapphalo / / evaM yajitvA medhAvI saddhA yuttena cetasA / abyApajjaM sukhaM lokaM paNDito upapajjati / / (a.ni. sekhaparihAnivagga)

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zramaNavidyA- 3 bhAratIya vAGmaya meM dAna ke kaI prakAroM kA varNana milatA hai| sAttvikadAna, rAjasadAna tathA tAmasadAna / anyadAnoM meM dharmadAna, arthadAna, bhayadAna, kAmadAna, karuNAdAna tathA adhamadAna kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| ina sabhI dAnoM meM dharmadAna ko sarvazreSTha dAna kahA gayA hai aura yaha dhAraNA vyakta kI gayI hai ki dharmadAna sabhI dAnoM ko jIta letA hai 26 dhammadAnaM sabbadAnaM jinAti, sabbaMrasaM dhammarasaM jinAti / sabbaMratiM dhammaratiM jinAti, taNhakkhayo sabba dukkhaM jinAti / / (dhammapada ) bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki dAna use denA cAhie jo saccaritra, satyaniSTha, brahmabhUta, rAgadveSa evaM mohamukta, ahisaMka tathA jo amarSazUnya ho / zraddhApUrvaka diyA gayA alpadAna bhI mahAn phalavAlA hotA hai| dAna aura yuddha ko samAna mAnA gayA hai| alpa senA bhI jaise bahutoM ko jIta letA hai, usI prakAra zraddhApUrvaka diyA gayA alpadAna se bhI sattva paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai / dharmalabdha aura ArabdhavIrya ko jo dAna detA hai, vahI yama kI vaitaraNI ko pAra kara divyasthAnoM ko prApta karatA hai , dAnaM ca yuddhaM ca samAnamAhu, appA pi santA bahuke jinanti / appaM ce saddhahAno dadAti teneva so hoti sukhI paratthA / / yo dhammaladdhassa dadAti dAnaM, uTThAnaviriyAdhigatassa jantu / atikkamma so vetaraNiM yamassa dibbAni ThAnAni upetimaJco / / (saM.ni. 1 pR.) bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki jIvaloka meM jo dakSiNeyya haiM, unakA cayana kara diyA gayA dAna usI prakAra mahAna phalavAlA hotA hai jisa prakAra sundara kheta meM boyA gayA bIja mahAna phalavAlA hotA hai viceyyadAnaM sugatappasatthaM, ye dakkhiNeyyA idha jIvaloke / etesu dinnAni mahaphphalAni, bIjAni vRttAni yathA sukhette / / saddhA hi dAnaM bahudhA pasatthaM dAnA ca kho dhammapadaM va seyyo / pubbe ca hi pubbataro ca santo, nibbAnamevajjhagamuMsapaJja / / (saM.ni. 1 pR.)

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA dAna ke saMdarbha meM dAnapAramitA kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavAna buddha ne kahA hai ki dAna ke samAna mere lie kucha nahIM hai-- 'na me dAnasamo asthi' / jaise jisa prakAra jala se bharA ghaTa nIce karane para sampUrNa jala ko vamana kara detA hai, usI prakAra hIna madhyama tathA utkRSTa yAcakoM ko dekhakara adhokRta kumbha ke samAna nizzeSa dAna do yathApi kumbho sampuNo yassa kassaciadhokato | vamate udakaM nissesaM na te tattha parirakkhati / tatheva yAcake disvA hInamukkaTThamajjhime / dadAhi dAnaM nissesaM kumbho viya adhokato / / (aTThasalinI, pR. 23-24) 27 dAna pAramitA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki dAna se manuSya isa pAra se usa pAra calA jAtA hai arthAt bhavaprapaJca se mukta hokara prapaJcopazama nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| (5) sadAcaraNa arthAta dharmacaryA (dhammacariyA) ko bhagavAna buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| 'dhammacariyA' do saMghaTaka avayavoM ke yoga se niSpanna hai-- dhamma tathA cariyA, jisakA artha hai- dharmaparAyaNa AcaraNa / dasa kuzala karma patha ko dharmacaryA kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| dasa kuzala karmapathoM meM tIna kAya sucarita haiM, jinameM ahiMsA, adattAdAnavirati tathA kAmamithyAcAravirati kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAk sucarita cAra haiM jinameM satyavacana, apizunavacana, aparUSavacana tathA asambhinnapralApa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| manaH sucarita meM anabhidhyA, a dveSa aura avihiMsA parigaNita haiN| isa prakAra kAyasucarita, vAk sucarita tathA manaH sucarita ko dharmacaryA kahate haiM / dharmika AcaraNa arthAt dharmacaryA se ihaloka tathA paraloka meM aparimita sukha aura Ananda kI prApti hotI hai, ata: yaha uttama maGgala hai| dharmaparAyaNa AcaraNa svargika saMsAra meM punarjanma kA kAraNa hai| , (6) jAtisaGgaha arthAta kuTimbiyoM jJAtiyoM evaM parivAroM ko sahayoga pradAna karanA bhI uttama maGgala hai / jJAti use kahate haiM jo mAtR-pitR pakSa kI sAtapIr3hiyo se sambaddha haiM / sambandhiyoM ko sahayoga pradAna karane kI do paddhatiyA~ hai -- bhautika sahayoga tathA dhArmika sahayoga / bhautika sahayoga meM anna, vasana, zayanAsana, nivAsa tathA dhana kA sahayoga vAJchita hai / dharma sahayoga meM dharmopadeza

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28 zramaNavidyA-3 AtA hai jisake dvArA vyakti apane sambandhiyoM ko dharmAcaraNa meM niyojita kara use sanmArgagAmI banAtA hai aura samunnata AdhyAtmika zikSA grahaNa karane kA suavasara pradAna karatA hai| sambandhiyoM ko sahayoga pradAna karanA puNyAtmaka kArya hai jo vyakti ke caritra ko paramodAtta banAtA hai| jo jJAtijana, dIna, daridra, asahAya tathA nirdhana haiM, unheM yathAkAla sahayoga pradAna karane se ve samRddha evaM viprasanna hote haiM tathA sahayoga pradAna karane vAle ko ve apane AzIrvacanoM se upakRta karate. haiN| isa prakAra AtisaGgaha (jJAtisaMgraha) uttamamaGgala hai, jo aparimitta Ananda kA kAraNa hai tathA ihaloka tathA paraloka meM phaladAyI hai| (7) anavajjakamanta arthAt doSarahita karma anavadyakarma ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| anavadya karma meM uposatha, sAmAjika sevA, udyAnaArAma lagAnA, vRkSa lagAnA, setu banAnA, kUpanirmANa karanA Adi Ate haiN| uposatha (upavasatha) kA artha hai-binA bhojana ke rahanA 'upavasanti sIlena vA anasanena vA upeto hutvA vasantIti uposatho' uposatha zobhana naitika AcaraNa ke lie anivArya hai| samIpa baiThanA, bhikSusaMgha kA ekacitta hokara dharmopadeza karanA, dhArmika kArya ke lie saMgha ke bhikSuoM kA ekatra honA yA zuddha mana se ekasAtha baiThanA hI uposatha hai| zarIra aura citta ke vizodhana ke lie mahIne kI kucha viziSTa tithiyoM isake lie nirdhArita kI gayI haiM-aSTamI, caturdazI tathA puurnnimaa| isase saMgha meM ekatA, samatA tathA bandhutA kI bhAvanA bar3hatI hai| uposatha meM rahane vAloM ko hiMsA, corI, jhUTha, madyapAna tathA kAmamithyAcAra abrahmacarya se sarvathA virata rahanA caahie| mAlAdhAraNa gandhavilepana Adi kA varjana karanA tathA pRthvI para sonA cAhie-ise aSTAMgika uposatha kahate haiN| aSTAMgika uposatha kI solahavIM kalA ko bhI maNi, vaidUrya Adi nahIM prApta kara pAte haiN| isalie jo zIlavAn nara-nArI aSTAMgoM se samupeta hokara uposathabrata dhAraNa karate haiM, ve viprasanna ho svarga ko prApta karate haiM pANaM na hAne na cAdinamAdiye, musA na bhAse na ca majjapo siyA / abrahmacariyA virameyya methunA, rattiM na bhuJjeyya vikAlabhojanaM / 1. dhammikasUtta, suttanipAta pR100|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA mAlaM na dhAre naca gandhamAcare, maJce chamAyaM ca sayetha santhate / etaM hi aTThaGgikamAhuposathaM, buddhena dukkhantagunA pakAsitaM / / muttAmaNi veluriyaM ca bhaddakaM siMgIsuvaNNa athavA pi kaJcanaM / yaM jAtarUpaM harakaM ca vuccati aTThaGgupetassa uposathassa / / kallampi te nAnubhavanti solasiM candappabhA tAragaNApi sabbe / tasmAhi nArI ca naro ca sIlavA aTThaGgupetaM upavassuposathaM / puJAni katvAna sukhundriyAni aninditA saggamupeti ThAnaM ti / / anya uposathoM meM 'pakati uposatha' paTijAgara uposatha tathA pATihArika uposatha ke nAma ullekhya haiN| pakatiuposatha kA artha hai uposatha kA samAnya anupAlana jise mahIne ke ATha dinoM taka rakhA jA sakatA hai| zukla-pakSa meM cAra dina tathA kRSNa pakSa kAlapakkha meM pA~cavI, AThavIM, caturdazI tathA pUrNimA kI tithiyA~ isake lie nirdhArita haiN| ye pakati-uposatha ke samaya haiN| 'paTijAgara-uposatha' yaha udbodhita vyaktiyoM ke dvArA anupAlanIya uposatha hai| mahIne ke gyAraha dinoM taka isakA anuSThAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha zuklapakSa ke pA~ca dina arthAt caturthI, paJcamI, saptamI, navamI tathA trayodazI ko tathA kRSNapakSa kI pratipadA, caturthI, SaSThI, saptamI, navamI, dvAdazI tathA trayodazI ko uposatha kiyA jA sakatA hai| pATihArika-pakkha uposatha-yaha eka viziSTa prakAra ke uposatha kA anupAlana hai| isakA anupAlana varSA Rtu ke prArambha hone pUrva ASAr3ha meM tathA madhya julAI se madhya aktUbara taka varSA Rtu ke tIna mahInoM meM tathA kArtika mAha meM kie gae uposathoM ko pATihArika uposatha kahate haiN| isa sandarbha meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai tato ca pakkhassupavassuposathaM cAtuddasi paJcadasiM ca aTThamiM / pATihArikapakkhaJca pasannamAnaso aTThaGgupetaM susamattarUpaM / / (suttanipAta, dhammikasutta, 182)

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zramaNavidyA-3 dhArmika jIvana ke siddhAnta dhArmika jIvana kI prabhAsvaratA ke lie mana kA prabhAsvara evaM paryavadAta honA aparihArya hai| prabhAsvara evaM nirmala mana ke dvArA hI kuzala karmoM evaM divya AcaraNoM kA saMpAdana saMbhava hai| mana ke saMkliSTa hone para jo kArya hote haiM, ve sarvathA akuzala hote haiN| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki mana sabhI dharmoM kA agraNI hai, vaha manomaya (atisUkSma) hai yadi koI praduSTa mana se bolatA yA karatA hai to duHkha usakA pIchA vaise hI karatA hai jaise gAr3I meM jute baila ke paira kA pIchA cakkA karatA haimano pubbaGgamA dhammA manoseTThA mnomyaa| manasA ce padudvena bhAsati vA karoti vA / tato naM dukkhamanveti cakkaM va vahato padaM / / (dhammapada 1 / 1) yahA~ dhArmika jIvana kA artha hai vaha bauddha jo buddha meM aTUTa AsthA aura aTala vizvAsa rakhate haiN| ye bauddha cAra saMghoM meM vibhakta haiMbhikkhubhikkhunI, upAsaka tathA upsikaa| yaha saMgha bhI do vargoM meM vibhakta haiMbhikSu jIvana tathA upAsaka jiivn| ye bauddha dharma kA anupAlana saMsAra meM duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti ke lie karate haiN| maGgalasutta meM upadiSTa upadeza maGgala arthAt nirvANa ke adhigama ke lie nirdeza kA kArya karate haiN| (9) Arati-virati pApA- arthAt pApa se Arati tathA virati uttama maMgala hai| pApakarmoM meM doSa dekhakara mAnasika anabhirati anAsakti ko Arati kahate hai| 'Arati nAma pApe AdInavadassAvino manasA evaM anabhiriti karmadvAra ke dvArA kAya aura vacana se viramaNa ko virati kahate haiM 'virati nAma kammadvAravasena kAyavAcAhi viramaNaM' virati tIna prakAra kI hotI haisampattavirati, samAdAnavirati tathA samuccheda virti| samprAptavastuoM se virati ko sampatta virati, kahate haiM, zikSApadasamAdAna ke dvArA virati ko samAdAna virati kahate hai tathA AryamArgasamprayukta virati ko samucchedavirati kahate haiM, isase pA~ca prakAra kA bhaya aura vaira upazAnta hote haiN| pApakarmoM se virati ke bAre meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki prANAtipAta hiMsA adinnAdAna corI musAvAda asatyavacana tathA paradAragamana dUsare kI strI ke sAtha gamana garhita hai| paNDita arthAt jJAnI jana isakI prazaMsA nahIM karate haiM

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA pANAtipAto adinnAdAnaM musAvAdo pavuccati / paradAragamanaJceva nappasaMsanti paNDitA / / ( dI. ni. 3 / 140 ) pApa karma mUlata: chanda, dveSa, moha tathA bhaya ke kAraNa kie jAte haiN| kintu Arya jana uparyukta vRttiyoM ke kAraNa pApakarma nahIM karate kyoMki ve una vRttiyoM se sarvathA parAGgamukha rahate haiN| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai chandA dosA bhayA mohA yo dhammaM ativattati / nihIyati tassa yaso kAlapakkheva candimA || chandA dosA bhayA mohA yo dhammaM nAtivattati / ApUrati tassa yaso sukkapakkheva candimA / / chanda, dveSa, moha mUrkhatA tathA bhaya ke kAraNa dharma kI sImA kA jo atikramaNa karate hai, usakA yaza kAlapakSa kI candramA ke samAna naSTa ho jAtA hai kintu yo dharma kA atikramaNa chanda dveSa moha tathA bhaya ke kAraNa nahIM karatA hai usakA yaza zukla pakSa kI candramA ke samAna bar3hatA hai| yo pANamatipAteti musAvAdaJca bhAsati / lokaM adinnamAdiyati paradAraJca gacchati / / surAmerayapAnaJca yo naro anuyuJjati / appahAya paJca verAni dussIlo ti vuccati / kAyassa bhedA duppaJJo nirayaM sopapajjati / / yo pANaM nAtipAteti musAvAdaM na bhAsati / loke adinnaM nAdiyati paradAraM na gacchati / / surAmerayapAnaJca yo naro nAnuyuJjati / pahAya paJca verAni sIlavAti pavuccati / kAyassa bhedA sappaJJa sugatiM sopapajjati / / jo isa saMsAra meM prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA haiM, jhUTha bolatA hai, agamyAbhigamana karatA arthAt paradArAbhimarzana karatA hai dUsaroM kI vastuoM ko 1. aMguttaranikAya upAsaka sutta 22 / 174 / 228 31

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zramaNavidyA-3 binA die grahaNa karatA hai, surameraya kA pAna karatA hai vaha ina pA~ca vairoM ko arthAt pA~ca ghRNAtmaka vastuoM ko nahIM chor3ane se duzzIla kahalAtA hai| marane ke bAda vaha nirayaloka meM utpanna hotA hai| kintu isake viparIta jo prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA hai, jhUTha nahIM bolatA hai, corI nahIM karatA hai, suramezya kA pAna nahI karatA hai paradArAbhigamana nahIM karatA hai, vaha pA~ca vairoM ko choDakara zIlavAn kahalAtA hai aura marane ke bAda sugati ko prApta karatA hai|' isa prakAra pApa sa virati maGgala hai kyoMki yaha sugatiprApaka hai| (2) majjapAnAsaMyamo arthAt madyapAna kA saMyama uttama maGgala hai| vastuta: yaha surA meraya, madya Adi ke pAna se saMyama hai| jo madyapAna karatA hai vaha artha ko nahI jAnatA hai,dharma ko nahIM jAnatA hai mAtA kA pitA kA buddha tathA pratyekabuddha kA evaM tathAgata zrAvakoM kA antarAya karatA hai, dRSTadharma meM garhA utpanna karatA hai, bhaviSya meM durgati ko prApta karatA hai, unmAda ko prApta karatA hai| madyapAna se saMyama karane para uparyukta doSoM kA upazamana hotA hai, aura usake viparIta guNasampadA ko prApta karatA hai isaliya madyapAna se saMyama ko uttama maGgala kahA gayA hai| sigAlovAda sutta meM madyapAna ke chaha duSpariNAma batAe gae haiM (1) tatkAla dhana kI hAni (2) kalahavivAda kA baDhanA (3) yaha rogo kA ghara hai (4) yaha apayaza utpanna karane vAlA hai (5) lajjA kA nAza karane vAlA hai tathA (6) prajJA ko kSINa karatA hai| (3) appamAda arthAt apramAda uttama maGgala hai| kuzala dharmoM meM apramAda uttama maGgala hai kyoMki apramAda pramAda kA pratipakSa hai| apramAda se smRti banI rahatI hai| yaha nAnA prakAra ke kuzala dharmoM ke adhigama kA mUla kAraNa hai tathA amRtAdhigama kA hetu hai| pramAda meM asAvadhAnatA, anyamanaskatA, anavadhAnatA, avalInavRttitA, anabhirucitA, nikSiprachandatA, nikSiptadhuratA, anAsevanA, abhAvanA, abahulIkarma, anadhiSThAna tathA ananuyoga vartamAna rahatA hai| 2. vhii| 1. saM. ni. kosalasaMyukta, appamAdasutta; 3. dI. ni. dasuttarasutta, 34 /

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 33 saMyuttanikAya ke appamAdasutta meM apramAda ke guNoM kA vizada varNana milatA hai| apramAda hI eka dharma hai jo dRSTadharma tathA samparAyika (anAgata) kA samadhigrahaNa kara vartamAna rahatA hai| jaise jaMgala ke samasta jIvoM ke paira hastipada meM samA jAte hai aura hastipada unameM agra kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha unameM sabase bar3A hai| usI prakAra apramAda eka dharma hai jo dRSTadharma tathA samparAyika donoM kA samadhigrahaNa kara adhiSThita rahatA hai| paNDitaloga puNyakriyAoM meM apramAda kI prazaMsA karate hai| apramAdI vyakti dRSTadharma tathA samparAyika donoM arthoM kA samadhigrahaNa kara adhiSThita rahatA hai appamAdaM pasaMsanti puJjakiriyAsu paNDito / appamatto ubho attho abhigaNhAti paNDitA / / kuzala dharmoM meM apramAda yahI eka dharma bahuta upakAraka hai| dhammapada ke appamAdavagga meM apramAda ke mahattva kA nirUpaNa vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai appamAdo amattapadaM pamAdo maccuno padaM / appamattA na mIyanti ye pamattA yathA matA / / evaM vizeSato atvA appAdamhi paNDitA / appamAde pamodanti ariyAnaM gocare ratA / / te jhAyino sAtatikA niccaM dalhaparakkamA / phusanti dhIrA nibbAnaM yogakkhemanuttaraM / / uTThAnavato satimato sucikammassa nisammakArino / saJatassa dhammajIvino appamattassa yasobhivaDDati / / isa prakAra apramAda kuzala dharmoM meM sarvazreSTha aura bahuupakArI hone ke kAraNa uttama maGgala hai kyoMki jo apramAdI hotA hai vaha anuttara yogakSetra ko prApta karatA hai| (4) Adara aura vinamratA (gAravo cA nivAto ti) ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai|

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34 zramaNavidyA-3 AdaraNIya janoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ko gArava garukaraNa kahate haiN| buddha, pratyeka buddha, tathAgatazrAvaka, ArcAya-upAdhyAya, mAtA-pitA, jyeSTha bhrAtA, jyeSThA bhaginI Adi AdaraNIya haiM sampUjya haiN| AdaraNIya ko jo Adara detA hai mAnanIya ko jo mAnatA, pUjanIya ko jo pUjA karatA hai, vaha marane ke bAda sugati tathA svargaloka ko prApta karatA hai| jo zAstA, dharma saMgha tathA samAdhi ko gaurava pradAna karatA hai, zikSA meM tIvragaurava rakhatA hai, hrI-apanapA sampanna hai, zraddhavAn aura gauravayukta hai, usakI parihAni nahI hotI aura vaha nirvANa ke samIpa rahatA haisatthugaru dhammagaru saMghe ca tibbagAravo samAdhigaru AtApI sikkhAya tibbagAravo hirI otappasampanno sampatisso sagAravo abhabbo parihAnAya nibbAnasseva santike / / nivAta arthAt vinamratA ko bhagavAna buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| 'nivAto nAma nIcamanatA nivAtavuttitA arthAt nivAta kA artha hai niicmntaa| yo pudgala nivAtaguNa se vinamratA ke guNa se yukta rahatA hai vaha ahaMkAra rahita (nihatamAno) darparahita nihatadappo paira pochane vAle kapar3e ke samAna (pAdapuJchanacolasadiso) viSANachinna vRSabha ke samAna, dA~ta ukhADe hue sA~pa ke samAna (uddharadAThasappasadiso) vinamra viprasanna aura sukhapUrvaka saMbhASaNa yogya hotA hai| ata: yaza Adi guNoM ke pratilAbha ke kAraNa vinamratA uttama maMgala hai| kahA bhI gayA hai paNDito sIlasampanno saho ca paTibhAnavA / nivAtavutti atthaddho tAdiso labhate yasaM / / vaha jo paNDita arthAt buddhimAn hai, zIlasampanna hai tathA vinamra hai, prajJAvAn hai, nivAtavRttivAlA hai, vinIta aura AjJAdhIna hai vaha yaza prApta karatA hai| jo vyakti jAti janma kA, dhana tathA gotra kA ahaMkAra rakhatA hai aura sambandhiyoM kuTumboM kA anAdara karatA hai, usakA sarvatra parAbhava hotA hai| jAti thaddho dhanathaddho gottathaddho ca yo naro saJjAtiM atimaJjati taM parAbhavato mukhaM / / 1. aMgu devatAvagga (sattakaniyAta) 2. dIgha siNgaasksutt| 3. su. ni.

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA (4) santuTThI arthAta saMtoSa ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| santuSTI tIna prakAra kI kahI gayI hai--- cIvara meM yathAlAbhasantoSa, yathAbalasantoSa, yathAsArUpyasantoSa, bhikSu sundara yA asundara cIvara ko prApta kara usI se jIvana yApana karatA hai, anya cIvara kI abhilASa nahIM karatA hai / prApta hone para bhI vaha dUsare cIvara ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| yaha bhikSu kA cIvara ke sandarbha meM yathAlAbha santoSa hai| bhikSu AbAdhika hotA hai / gurucIvara se vaha kaSTa pAtA hai| vaha dUsare bhikSu halkA cIvara grahaNa kara usI se santuSTa rahatA hai ise yathAbalasaMtoSa kahate haiM / bhikSu mahArghya mUlyavAna cIvara ko prApta karatA hai aura yaha socatA hai ki yaha cirapravrajita bahuzruta bhikSuoM ke anurUpa hai, yaha jAnakara sthavira bhikSuoM ko dekhakara paMsukUlacIvara dhAraNa kara bhI saMtuSTa rahatA hai -- ise yathAsAruppa saMtoSa kahate haiM / piNDapAta ke sadarbha me bhikSu cAhe rukSa rUkhA- sukhA athavA praNIta sundara svAdiSTa jisa taraha kA piNDapAta grahaNa karatA hai aura use grahaNa kara santuSTa rahatA hai| dUsare piNDapAta kI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA hai - prApta hone para grahaNa nahIM karatA hai-- piNDapAta ke sandarbha meM yaha yathAlAbha santoSa hai / isI prakAra zayanAsana ke sandarbha meM, bhaiSajya ke sandarbha meM - yathAlAbhasantoSa / yathAbalasantoSa tathA yathAsAruppasantoSa ko prApta kara santuSTa rahatA hai| sutanipAta ke khaggavisANa sutta meM kahA gayA hai 35 cAtuddiso appaTigho ca hoti, santussamAno itriitrenaa| parissayAnaM sahitA achambhI, eko care khaggavisANakappo / cAro dizAoM meM jo vizruta hai aura jhagar3Alu nahIM hai aura jo kucha pAkara santuSTa rahatA hai, bhayarahita hokara vipattiyoM ko pAra kara rahatA hai vaha khaDgaviSANa kI taraha akelA vicaraNa kare / (6) 'kattaJjutA' kRtajJatA ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttamamaGgala kahA hai| kisI vyakti ke dvArA thoDA yA bahuta kie gae upakAra kA punaH punaH anusmaraNa bhAva se jAnane ko kRtajJatA kahate haiN| kRtajJatAjJApana karanA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa maMgala hai| jisane aneka upakAroM se upakRta kiyA hai usake prati kRtajJa honA aura kie ko jAnanA, anusmaraNa karanA mahAn guNadharma hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki isa saMsAra meM do pudgala loka meM durlabha haiM - pUrvakArI tathA kRtajJakRtavedI 1. su. ni. parAmabhasutta ,

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36 zramaNavidyA-3 'dveme bhikkhave puggalA dullabhA lokasmiM-katame dve? yo ca pubbakArI yo ca katajU katavedI' (aM.ni. 1 / 80) / isa prakAra ke loga do prakAra ke hai eka AgArika tathA dUsare anaagaarik| AgArika meM mAtA-pitA pUrvakArI 'pubbakArI' kahe jAte haiM aura dAraka-dArikA jo mAtA-pitA kI dekhabhAla karate haiM unakI sahAyatA karate hai kRtajJa aura kRtavedI kahe jAte hai| anAgArika jIvana meM upAdhyAya aura AcArya pUrvakArI kahe jAte hai kyokiM ve apane antevAsiyoM tathA sArddhavihArikoM kA aparimita kalyANa karate hai pUrvakArI kahe jAte haiM aura antevAsI tathA sArddhavihArika jo unakI dekhabhAla karate haiM, unake prati sammAna prakaTa karate haiM ve kRtajJa aura kRtavedI kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra kRtajJatA jJApita karane vAlA saMsAra meM saMpUjya hotA hai| aura yaza kA bhAgI hotA hai| ata: kRtajJatA uttama maGgala hai| (7) samaya se dharmazravaNa karanA (kAlena dhammasavanaM) uttama maMgala hai| jisa samaya citta auddhatya evaM kAmavitarkAdi se abhibhUta hotA hai| usa samaya usake nirAkaraNa ke lie dharmazravaNa aparihArya hai| yaha bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki pratyeka pA~cave dina dharmazravaNa ko samaya se dharmazravaNa kahA gayA hai| hama logoM ko eka sAtha rAtabhara satyavicAroM para vArtA karane ke lie samaveta ho baiThanA caahie| yaha saMzayo kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai saMzayApanna sthiti meM apane zAstA ke pAsa samaya-samaya para pUchatA hai| yaha kaise hai? isakA kyA artha hai? zAstA use spaSTa karate haiM aura visaMvAdI tathyoM kA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| jisa samaya AryazrAvaka manoyoga pUrvaka kAna lagAkara dharmazravaNa karatA hai usa samaya usake pA~ca nIvaraNa nahIM hote haiN| avahita hokara samaya se dharmazravaNa karane se pA~ca lAbhoM ko vyakti prApta karatA hai-vaha azruta kA zravaNa karatA hai, saMzaya ko haTAtA hai, apane vicAra ko spaSTa karatA hai aura usakA hRdaya paryavadAta evaM prazAnta ho jAtA hai| (4) nirvANa kA mArga nirvANa kA mArga madhyamApratipadA hai jo AtmaniryAtanamayI sAdhanA tathA Atyantika bhoga lipsA ina do kA parivarjana karatI hai| AryaaSTAMgika mArga ATha aMgo se anvita hai jisameM sampak dRSTi, samyak saMkalpa, samyak vacana, sampak karmAnta, samyak AjIvikA, samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti, tathA samyak samAdhi ke nAma ullekhya hai|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 37 yaha aSTAMgika mArga zIla, samAdhi tathA prajJA ina tIna skandhoM meM vibhakta hai-samyaka dRSTi aura samyaka saMkalpa prajJA skandha meM, samyak vacana, samyak karmAnta tathA samyak AjIvikA-zIla meM tathA samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti tathA samyak samAdhi samAdhi meM antarbhUta haiN| ise buddha kA dhArmika mArga kahA jAtA hai| isameM zIla samAdhi tathA prajJA nAmaka tIna sopAna haiN| ye tInoM sopAna eka dUsare ke sahAyaka aura pUraka haiN| zIla samAdhi ke lie hai| samAdhi prajJA ke lie aura prajJA nirvANa ke lie hai 'sIla paribhAvito samAdhi mahapphalo hoti mahAnisaMso' samAdhi paribhAvitApaJjA mahapphalA hoti, mahAnisaMso paJjA paribhAvitacittaM sammadeva Asavehi vimuccti| nimnagAthA meM sopAnoM kA nirUpaNa sundara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai sabbapApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasampadA / sacitta pariyodapanaM etaM buddhAnasAsanaM / / __ zIla zArIrika vikAroM ko dUra karatA hai| samAdhi mAnasika vikAroM ko dUra kara citta ko ekAgra banAtI hai| prajJA ajJAna ke andhakAra ko dUra karatI hai aura yathArthabodha ko utpanna karatI hai| yaha AsaktiyoM ko nirmUlita karatI hai aura nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra karAtI hai| jaisA manuSya bIja botA hai tadanurUpa phala pAtA hai- 'yAdisaM vapate bIjaM tAdisaM labhate phlN| akuzala karmoM ke sampAdana duHkha tathA kuzala karmoM se sukha aura prasannatA kI prApti hotI hai| duHkha aura sukha vastuta: akuzala aura kuzala karmoM ke hI pariNAma haiN| kuzala karmoM ke dvArA hI nirvANa kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| bhagavAn buddha ke samaya maMgala kI prApti ke lie aneka prakAra ke andhavizvAsa pracalita the| bhagavAn buddha se jaba isa sandarbha meM kahA gayA to unhoneM maMgala kI prApti ke lie dharma dezanA dii| kulamilAkara 12 prakAra kI dhAraNAe~ maMgala sutta meM prApta hotI haiN| isameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki manuSya ko una karmoM kA sampAdana karanA cAhie jo svayaM ke lie aura dUsaroM ke lie pratyUha utpanna kre| use apane kartavyoM kA pAlana parivAra aura samAja ke lie karanA cAhie aura naitika tathA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA nirdhAraNa karanA caahie| nirvANa kA adhigama AdhyAtmika mUlyoM se hI saMbhava hai|

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38 zramaNavidyA-3 (1) 'khanti' kSAnti ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| khanti kA artha hai-dhairya, titikSA, sahanazIlatA, shissnnutaa| khanti kA artha hai adhivAsanakSAnti (adhivAsanakkhanti) 'khantI khamanatA adhivAsanatA acaNDikaM anasarupo attamanatA cittss'| citta kI kSamA zIlatA, sahiSNutA, acaNDatA, viprasannatA ko khantI (kSAnti) kahate haiN| adhivAsakSAnti se samupeta bhikSu dasa AkrozavastuoM se Akrozita kiye jAne para athavA vadha-bandhana se vihiMsita kie jAne para bhI na sunate hue kI taraha, na dekhate hue kI taraha jo sarvathA kSAntivAdI kI taraha nirvikAra rahatA, vahI sacce arthoM meM bhikSu hai| kahA bhI haiM yo hatthe ca pAde ca kaNNanAsaMJca chedayi tassa kujjha mahAvIra mAraTuM vinassa idaM / yo me hatthe ca pAde ca kaNNanAsaJca chedayi ciraM jIvatu so rAjA nahi kujjhanti mAdisA / ahu atItamaddhAnaM samaNo khantidIpano / taM khantiyAyeva ThitaM, kAsirAjA achedyii| tassa kammapharusassa vipAko kaTuko ahu yaM kAsirAjA vedesi nirayamhi samappito ti| (jAtaka 111) jo kSAnti se samanvita hotA hai vaha RSiyoM dvArA prazaMsanIya hotA hai krodha kA vadha kara manuSya kabhI zoka nahIM karatA hai| mrakSaprahANa kI prazaMsA RSigaNa bhI karate haiN| jo loga paruSavacana kA prayoga karate haiM, una sabo ko kSamA karo, kSAnti ko santa loga uttama kahate haiM kodhaM vadhitvA na kadAci socati makkhappahAnaM isayo vaNNayanti / sabbesaM vuttaM pharusaM khametha etaM khantiM uttamamAhu santo / / (jAtaka 2-9) brAhmaNa ko paribhASita karate hue dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti aduSTa citta ho vadha aura bandha ko sahatA hai, kSamAbala hI jisakI senA tathA senApati hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA hU~--

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA akkosaM vadha bandhaJca aduTTho yo titikkhati / khantibalaM balAnIkaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / / (dhammapada 388) kSAnti se sahanazIlatA tathA anya guNoM kA adhigama hotA hai ata: kSAnti uttama maMgala hai| kSAnti ke saMdarbha meM nimna gAthAe~ bhI ullekhya attanopi paresaJca atthavAho va khantiko saggamokkhagamaM maggaM Arulho hoti khantiko / kevalAnampi pApAnaM khanti mUlaM nikantati / ___ garahakalahAdInaM mUlaM khanti khantikA / khantiko mettavA lAbhI yasassI sukhasIlavA / piyo devamanussAnaM manApo hoti khantiko / satthuno vacanovAdaM karotiyeva khntiko| paramAya ca pUjAya jinaM pUjeti khantiko / sIlasamAdhiguNAnaM khanti padhAnakAraNaM sabbepi kusalA dhammA khantiyAyevaDhanti te / jisameM kSAnti sahiSNatA rahatI hai| vaha apane lie aura dUsaroM ke lie bhI hitasAdhaka (arvavAha) hotA hai| vaha svarga ke mArga para ArUr3ha hotA hai aura tRSNAoM kA nirvApana karatA hai| kSAnti sahiSNutA sampUrNa pApamUloM ko ukhADa pheMkatI hai, jo sarvasahiSNu hai athavA sahiSNutA ke guNoM se abhyupeta hai vaha gardA evaM kalaha ke azobhana kAraNoM ko nirmUlita kara detA hai| jo kSAnti se samupeta hai vaha maitrIvAn lAbhI, yazasvI bhAgyavAn tathA . saMpUjita evaM viprasanna hotA hai| vaha devoM aura manuSyoM ke lie priya aura prazaMsya hotA hai| vaha jo kSAnti evaM sahiSNutA ke guNoM se anusyUta hai, vaha buddhakA saccA anugAmI hotA hai| vaha Adara ke sAtha buddha kI pUjA karatA hai|

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40 zramaNavidyA-3 zIla evaM samAdhi Adi guNoM kA pradhAna kAraNa kSAnti sahiSNutA hai| kSAnti ke vikAsa ke sAtha sabhI kuzala dharmoM kA saMvardhana hotA hai| zAnti sahiSNutA prajJAvAnoM kA vibhUSaNa hai, yatiyoM kI tRSNA ko jalAne vAlI Aga hai, vaikhAnasoM (ekAntavAsiyoM) kI ghanAtmaka zakti hai| kSAnti sahiSNutA titikSA tathA viprasannatA caturasra saphalatA se bhara detI hai| uparyukta varNita sabhI guNoM kA mUlakAraNa kSAnti hai, ata: yaha uttama maGgala hai| 2. sovacassatA (sAdhuvacanakaraNatA) sundara evaM prAsAdika vacana bolane ke lie prerita karatI hai| sovacassatA zabda kA nirvacana karate hue paramatthajotikA meM kahA gayA hai--1. pa.jo.pR. 195 jo sahadhArmika ke kahane para vinA vikSepa evaM tuSNIbhAva ke aura gaNadoSa kA cintana kie binA AtyadhikaAdara aura gaurava ke sAtha, mana kI vinamratA ke sAtha jo sAdhuvacanakaraNatA hai, use sovacassatA kahate haiN| yaha uttama maGgala hai kyoMki yaha AdhyAtmika jIvana meM saMjJApana, (avavAda) anuzAsana kI prApti ke lie hai aura doSoM ke nirAkaraNa tathA guNAdhigama kA kAraNa hai| __ye na kAhanti ovAdaM narA buddhena desitaM vyasanaM te gamissanti rakkhasIva vANijA / ye ca kAhanti ovAdaM narA buddhena desitaM sotthiM paraM gamissanti balAhete va vANijA / / (jAtaka, valAhaka jAtaka) jo bhagavAn ke dvArA upadiSTa dharma dezanA kA nirAdara karate haiM, nahIM cAhate haiM ve usI taraha vinaSTa ho jAte haiM jisa prakAra rAkSasI ke dvArA khAye jAne para vaNika vinaSTa ho ge| kintu jo buddha kI dezanA kA samAdara kara sunate haiM, use cAhate haiM, ve parama svasti arthAt kalyANa ko prApta karate haiM jisa prakAra pakSI-azva ke dvArA rakSita ho vaNik ne kalyANa prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra sovacassatA parama kalyANakArI hone se uttama maMgala hai|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 3. samaNAnaMdassanaM arthAt bhagavAn buddha ke anusAra zramaNoM kA darzana uttama maMgala hai| zramaNa unheM kahA jAtA hai jisake kleza zamita ho jAte haiM 'kilesAnaM samitattA smnnaa'| jo samatA kA AcaraNa karatA hai, use zramaNa kahate haiM-'samacariyA samaNo ti vuccati' (dhammapada 388) jinake kleza upazamita haiM, jinhoMne kAya, vacana, citta evaM prajJA kI bhAvanA kara lI hai, uttama damatha, zamatha se jo samanvAgata haiM, prabrajita haiM, unake pAsa jAkara, upasthApa, anusmaraNa evaM zravaNa ko zramaNadarzana kahate haiM aise guNasampanna zramaNa ke darzana se Azrava (doSa) zAnta ho jAte haiM, guNa, jJAna tathA prajJA Adi vidyamAna rahate haiM aura paramottama saMyama aura zAnti kI upalabdhi hotI hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai zramaNadarzana ko bhI meM bahu-upakArI kahatA hU~ (su.ni. 1 / 254) / bhikSu ko apane gRhadvAra para samprApta (AyA) dekhakara apane sAdhana ke anurUpa yathAzakti deyadharma ke dvArA hita cAhane vAle gRhastha ko sammAnita karanA cAhie yadi usake pAsa deyadharma nahIM hai to paJcapratiSThita AkRti se vandanA karanI cAhie, yadi vaha bhI saMbhava na ho to hAtha jor3akara namaskAra karanA cAhie, yadi vaha bhI saMbhava na ho to prasannacitta se priyacakSuoM se dekhanA caahie| isa prakAra darzanamUlaka puNya se aneka sahasra janmoM meM usakI A~khoM meM roga, dAha (jalana) sUjana, vraNa Adi nahIM hote haiM, usakI A~khe viprasanna pA~ca varNa ke ratnoM kI camaka se camakane lageMgI, ratnavinirmita vimAna maNikapAra ke samAna dRzyamAna hoMgI aura vaha devoM aura manuSyoM meM zatasahastra kalpa taka sampatti kA lAbhI hogaa| yaha sarvathA Azcarya nahIM. hai ki prajJAna ke sAtha janma lene vAlA manuSya samyak pravRtti zramaNa darzanamaya puNya se isa prakAra kI vipAka sampatti kA anubhava kre| pazupakSI yoni meM janma lene vAlA bhI kevala zraddhA ke dvArA kie gae zramaNa darzana kI vipAkasampatti kI prazaMsA karate haiN| ulUko maNDalakkhiko, vedayike ciradIghavAsiko / sukhito vata kosiko ayaM, kAluTTitaM passati buddhavaraM / / 1. yo sameti pApani aNu thulaM ca sbbso| samitattAhi pApAnaM samaNo ti pvuccti|| (dhammapada 265)

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42 zramaNavidyA-3 mayi cittaM pasAdetvA, bhikkhusaGke anuttare / kappAni satasahassAni, duggateso na gacchati / / . sa devalokA cavitvA kusalakammena codito / bhavissati anantabANo, somanasso tivissuto / / maNDalAkSa (vartula, gola A~khoM vAlA) ulUka, jo cirakAla taka vedayika vRkSa para nivAsa karatA rahA, vaha ulUka (kauzika) nizcaya hI sukhI hai jo samaya se uThakara zreSTha buddha ko dekhatA hai| anutara bhikSusaMgha meM tathA mujha meM citta ko viprasanna kara zatasahasra kalpa taka yaha durgati ko prApta nahIM kregaa| vaha devaloka se cyuta hokara, kuzala se prerita ho ananta prajJAna vAlA hogA, apUrvavizruta saumanasya se yukta hogaa| isa prakAra zramaNa darzana se manuSya ko ananta prajJAna, apUrva saumanasya, dhana, aizvarya Adi kI prApti hone ke kAraNa yaha uttama maMgala hai| 4. 'dhammasAkacchA' arthAt ucita Rtu yA samaya meM dhArmika pratisaMvAda (vicAra vinimaya) ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| bhagavAn buddha kI dharmadezanAoM para vicAra-vinimaya (pratisaMvAda) karanA naitika kartavya hai| yaha kahA gayA hai ki sUtra-vizeSajJa bhikSu sUtroM ke bAre meM paraspara vicAra karate haiM, vinaya ke vizeSajJa vinaya ke viSaya meM do abhidharma ke vizeSajJa abhidharma ke viSaya meM, do jAtakabhANaka vizeSajJa jAtaka ke viSaya meM, do aTThakathA vizeSajJa, aTThakathA ke viSaya meM lIna, uddhata evaM vicikitsA arthAt saMzayAyanna citta ke vizodhana ke lie usa samaya meM arthAt samaya-samaya para bAtacIta karate haiN| pratisaMvAda (vicAra-vinimaya) pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gae haiM 1. adiTThajotanA (adRSTa-dyotanA) sAkacchA-adRSTa dharma ke viSaya meM vicaar-vinimy| 2. diTThasaMsandana-sAkacchA-dRSTa dharma ke anubhava ke lie vicAra vinimy| 3. vimaticchedana-sAkacchA-aneka prakAra ke saMzayoM ke chedana arthAt nirAkaraNa ke lie vicAra vinimy| 4. anumati-sAkacchA-dharma kI anumati yA sahamati ke lie vicaarvinimy|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 5. kathetu kamyatA-sAkacchA-dharma ke viSaya meM prazna aura una ke lie vicAra vinimy| isa prakAra dhammasAkacchA arthAt samaya-samaya para dharma ke viSaya meM vicAravinimaya karanA uttama maMgala hai, kyoMki yaha viziSTa guNoM ke adhigama kA kAraNa hai| 6. tapo (Atma-saMyamana yA niyantraNa) ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| tapa abhidhyA tathA daurmanasya ko jalA detA hai| bhasmIbhUta kara detA hai| ata: yaha indriya saMvara hai| yaha Alasya ko jalA detA hai| ata: yaha vIrya hai| jo vyakti isa tapana ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha AtApI kahalAtA hai--'Asamantato tapatIti aataapii'| teraha dhutaMgoM ko tapa kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| tapa (tapazcaraNa) se dhyAnAdi kA pratilAbha hotA hai| tathA abhidhyA kA vinAza hotA hai| ata: tapa uttama maMgala hai| 7. brahmacariyaM-arthAt brahmacarya ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| brahmacariya zabda do saMghaTaka padoM arthAt brahma-cariyaM ina do padoM ke yoga se banA hai-isa prakAra brahma kA artha zreSTha tathA cariyaM kA artha hai aacrnn| isa prakAra zreSTha AcaraNa ko brahmacarya kahate haiN| a-brahmacarya ko chor3akara brahmacArI hotA hai, arthAt maithuna dharma ko chor3akara brahmacArI hotA hai| 'brI seTTha AcAraM caratIti brahmacArI' arthAt jo zreSTha AcaraNa karatA hai, use brahmacArI kahate haiN| brahmacarya zabda dAna, veyyAvacca (sevA), paJcazikSApadazIla, apramANyA, maithunavirati, svadArasantoSa, vIrya, uposatha, AryamArgazAsana Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| brahmacariyaM pakAsetIti ettha panAyaM brahmacariya saddo dAne veyyAvacce paJcasikkhApadasIle appamaJAsu methunaviratiyaM sadAra-santose vIriye uposathaGgesu ariyamagge sAsaneti imesvatthesu dissati (1. ma.ni. 1 / 230) / . tInoM zikSAoM arthAt zIla-samAdhi tathA prajJA se yukta sampUrNa buddhazAsana ko brahmacarya kahate haiM--sikkhattayasaGgahitaM sakalasAsanampi brhmcriyN'| isa prakAra brahmacarya uttama maMgala hai, kyoMki yaha nirvANa ke adhigama kA kAraNa hai| brahmacarya pavitra jIvana-yApana kA ananya pratimAna hai|

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44 zramaNavidyA-3 8. ariyasaccadassanaM Aryasatyadarzana ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maMgala kahA hai| klezoM se jo dUra rahate haiM, unheM Arya kahate--'ArakattA kilesAnaM ti ariyo'| Arya loga ise jAnate haiM, ata: Aryasatya kahate haiN| Aryasatya ke pratyavekSaNa ko Aryasatyadarzana kahate haiN| Aryasatya cAra haiN| duHkha, duHkhasamudaya, du:khanirodha tathA du:khanirodha kA maarg| jo cAra satya kA darzana nahIM karatA hai vaha du:kha kA atikramaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai| usake lie punarjanma kA cakra sarvadA gatimAna rahatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai catunnaM ariyasaccAnaM yathAbhUtamadassanA, saMsaritaM dIghamaddhAnaM tAsu tAsveva jAtisu / yanti etAni diTThAni bhavanetti samUhatA, ucchinnaM mUlaM dukkhassa natthidAni punabbhavoti / / jisane cAra Aryasatya kA gathAbhUta darzana nahIM kiyA, vaha una una janmoM meM dIrghakAla taka saMsaraNa karatA rahatA hai| inheM dekhane ke anantara bhavanetrI tRSNA ucchinna ho gayI, duHkha kA mUla bhI ucchinna ho gayA, aba punarjanma nahIM hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ye dukkhaM nappajAnAti atho dukkhassa saMbhavaM, yattha ca sabbaso dukkhaM asesaM uprujjhti| taJcamaggaM na jAnAti dukkhUpasamagAminaM cetovimutti hInA te atho pnyjaavimuttiyaa| abhabbA te antakiriyAya te ve jaatijruupgaa| ye ca dukkhaM pajAnAti atho dukkhassasaMbhavaM, yattha ca sabbaso dukkhaM dukkhuupsmgaaminN| cetovimuttisampannA atho paJjAvimuttiyA, bhabbA te antakiriyAya na te jAtijarupagA / / ___ jo du:kha ko tathA du:kha ke kAraNa ko tathA duHkha ke azeSanirodha ko aura duHkhanirodha ke mArga ko nahIM jAnatA hai aura jo ceto vimukti tathA prajJAvimukti se hIna hai| vaha janma-jarA ko prApta duHkha kA anta karane yogya nahIM hai| aura jo du:kha ko du:kha ke Agamana, du:kha ke azeSa nirodha tathA nirodha ke mArga ko jAnatA hai aura cetovimukti tathA prajJAvimukti ko jAnatA hai, vaha du:kha kA anta karane meM samartha hai, vaha jAti-jarA se mukta hai|

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 45 9. 'nibbAnasacchikiriyA ca' arthAt nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra uttama maMgala hai| nibbAna zabda ni upasarga pUrvaka vAna zabda ke yoga se niSpanna hai| vAna kA artha hai tRSNA aura tRSNA se nirgata hone ke kAraNa nirvANa kahA jAtA hai'vAnato nikkhantaM ti nibbAnaM, natthi ettha taNhAsaGghAtaM vAnaM niggataM vAnaM tasmA ti nibbAnaM (aTTha. pra. 322) jisameM sabhI vartmaduHkhasantApa samApta ho jAte haiMuse nirvANa kahate haiM, 'nibbAnaM ti etthA nibbAyanti sabbe vaTTadukkhasaMtApA etasmiM ti nibbAnaM' (pa.dI. pR. 20) / nirvANa prapaJcopazama hai, parama naizreyas hai, nirvANa amoSa dharma hai (amosadhammaM nibbAnaM), yaha paramasukha hai (nibbAnaM paramaM sukhaM) yaha animitta hai| apraNihita aura zUnya hai| itivRttaka meM do prakAra ke nirvANa kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| saupAdisesa nibbAnadhAtu tathA anupAdisesanibbAnadhAtu duve imA cakkhumatA pakAsitA nibbAna dhAtu anissitena tAdinA / ekA hi dhAtu itha diTThadhammikA saupAdisesA bhvnettisngkhyaa| anupAdisesA pana samparAyikA yamhinirujjhanti bhavAni sabbaso / / (itivRttaka, nibbAnadhAtusutta) nirvANa meM samasta prapaJca kA atikramaNa ho jAtA hai-jahA~ jala, teja, vAyu kI pahu~ca nahIM hai, vahA~ tArakAdi dyotita nahIM hote, na Aditya prakAzita hotA hai| vahA~ candramA nahIM cmktaa| vahA~ a~dherA bhI nahI hai| jaba muni svayaM apane ko jAnatA hai, vaha rUpa aura arUpa aura duHkha se mukta ho jAtA hai yattha Apo ca paThavI tejA vAyo na gAdhati / na tattha sukkA jotanti Adicco nappakAsati / / na tattha candimA bhAti tamo tattha na vijjati / yadA ca attanA vedi muni so tena brAhmaNo / / atha rUpA arUpA ca sabbadukkhA pamuccati / /

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zramaNavidyA- 3 yahA~ nAma rUpa kA azeSa nirodha ho jAtA hai-- ettha nAmaM ca rUpaM ca ase uparujjhati / dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha anidarzana ( na dekhane yogya) ananta vijJAna hai, svabhAva meM sarvataH prabhAsvara hai / yahA~ jala, pRthvIM, teja aura vAyu kI pahu~ca nahIM hai| yahA~ bar3A, choTA, aNu aura sthUla, zubha aura azubha naitika aura anaitika kuzala aura akuzala kucha nahIM hai| yahA~ nAma aura rUpa kA azeSa nirodha ho jAtA hai 46 viJJANaM anidassanaM anantaM sabbatopabhaM / ettha Apo ca paThavI ca tejo vAyo na gAdhati / / ettha dIghA ca rassaM ca aNuthUlaM subhAsubhaM / ettha nAmaM ca rUpaM ca asesaM uparujjhati / / ( dI. ni. kevaTasutta) / nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra tRSNA ke azeSakSaya ke isakA anubhAvana arhat ko hotA hai| nirvANa ke nimnapaMktiyoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai anantara hotA hai| aura Ananda kA anubhAvana ayodhana hatasseva jalato jAta vedaso, anupubbUpasantassa yattha na jAyate gati / evaM sammA vimuttAnaM kAma-bandhoghatArinaM paJJAtuM 'gatinatthi, pattAnaM acalaM sukhaM / / udAna ( dutiyadabbasutta) lohe ke daNDa para hathaur3A mArane para sphulliMga nikalate haiM aura tirohita ho jAte haiN| koI yaha nahIM batA sakatA hai unake bAre meM ki ve kisa dizA meM ge| usI prakAra koI usake bAre meM kucha vaktavya nahIM de sakatA hai jisane apane ko pUrNataH mukta kara liyA hai aura jisane kAmabhogoM kI bAr3ha ko pAra kara liyA hai aura acala sukha ko prApta kara liyA hai| 10. akampacitta- arthAt lokadharmoM se saMspRSTa hokara jisakA citta prakampita nahIM hotA hai, akampita rahatA hai, vaha usake lie maGgala hai| kyoMki yaha akampanIya lokottama bhAva ko dhAraNa karatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai. ye ATha lokadharma saMsAra ko abhibhUta karatA hai, satAtA hai| ve ATha haiM- lAbha, alAbha, prasiddhi-aprasiddhi, prazaMsA - aprazaMsA, tuSTi - atuSTi / ye ATha loka dharma

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA 47 saMsAra ko abhibhUta karatA hai, satAtA hai aura saMsAra ina ATha loka dharmoM se caturdika Avartita hotA hai, cakkara kATatA hai| jisa vyakti kA citta ina ATha loka dharmoM se prakampita nahIM hotA hai, usakA citta uttama maMgala hai kyoMki yaha akampanIya lokottama bhAva ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ina ATha lokadharmoM se kSINAsrava arhat kA citta kampita nahIM hotA hai aura kisI dUsare kA nhiiN| kahA bhI hai selo yathA ekaghano na vAtena samIrati / evaM rUpA ca saddA ca gandhA phassA ca kevalA / / iTThA dhammA aniTThA ca na pavedhenti tAdino / ThitaM cittaM vippamuttaM, vayaJcassAnupassati / / (ma.va. 204, aM.ni. 3 / 89 / 90) selo yathA ekaghano na vAtena samIrati / eva nindApasaMsAsu na samiJjanti paNDitA / / (dhammapada) jisa prakAra Thosa ghanaparvata havA se prakampi nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha evaM sparzAdi se iSTa evaM aniSTa se kSINAsra va arhata kA citta prakampita nahIM hotA hai kyoMki arhat yaha jAnatA hai ki ye lokadharma azAzvata, vipariNAmI, parivartana zIla haiN| aGguttara nikAya meM kahA bhI gayA hai| lAbho alAbho ca yasAyaso ca, nindA pasaMsA ca sukhaM dukkhnyc| ete aniccA manujesu dhammA, asassatA viprinnaamdhmmaa|| ete ca atvA satimA sumedho, avekkhati viprinnaamdhmme| iTThassa dhammA na mathenti cittaM, aniTThato no paTighAtameti / / tassAnurodhA athavA virodhA, vidhUpitA atthaMgatA na santi / padaJca jatvA virajaM asokaM, sammappajAnAti bhavassa pAragU'ti / / (aM.ni.a.va. mettAvagga) artAt lAbha, alAbha, yaza, ayaza, nindA, prazaMsA, sukha, duHkha, ye ATha lokadharma manuSya ke anitya, azAzvata tathA vipariNAma dharmA

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zramaNavidyA-3 (parivartanazIla) haiN| smRtimAna tathA medhAvI isa vipariNAmI dharma ko jAnate haiN| iSTa dharma na to unake citta ko mathate hai na aniSTa dharma pratighAta (Ahata) karate haiN| anurodha aura virodha vidhupita ho gae haiM aura ve aba nahIM haiN| azoka, viraja pada (nirvANa) ko jAnakara bhava ko pAra karane vAle ThIka se jAnate haiN| 11. 'asokaM' arthAt azoka ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| azoka zabda meM naJa samAsa hai aura vaha bhI prasajyapratiSedha naJ samAsa hai jisakA artha hai-sarvathA zoka rhit| jisase citta, udvigna tathA udvelita nahIM hotA hai| zoka, antazoka, antaparizoka se citta zokArtatA se cittaparyAkula ho jAtA hai| kintu jisakA citta vimukta hai use zoka saMtapta evaM utpIr3ita nahIM karatA hai| aisA citta arhat kA hotA hai| kSINAsrava arhat kA citta azoka hotA hai| 12. virajaM arthAt rajarAhitya kI avasthA ko bhagavAn buddha ne uttama maGgala kahA hai| tRSNArahita citta hI nirvANa ko adhigata karatA haitaNhAyavippahAnena nibbAnasseva santike' tRSNA hI sabhI doSoM kA kAraNa hai, isalie bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai rAgo rajo, na ca pana reNu vuccati, rAgassetaM ativacanaM rajoti / etaM rajaM vippajahitvA bhikkhavo, viharanti te vigatarajassa sAsane / / doso rajo, na ca pana reNu ti vuccati, dosassetaM adhivacanaM rajoti / etaM rajaM vippajahitvA bhikkhavo, viharanti te vigatarajassa sAsane / / moho rajo, na ca pana reNu vuccati, mohassetaM adhivacanaM rajoti / etaM rajaM vippajahitvA bhikkhavo, viharanti te vigatarajassa sAsane / / rAga raja hai (apavitratA) hai, reNu arthAt dhUli ko raja nahIM kahate haiM yaha raja rAga kA hI adhivacana hai| dveSa raja hai (apavitratA) hai, raja dveSa kA hI adhivacana hai| moha raja hai, reNu raja nahIM hai| yaha moha hI raja kA adhivacana hai| rAga, dveSa tathA moha rUpI raja (apavitratA) ko chor3akara arthAt vItarAga, vItadveSa evaM vItamoha hokara buddha ke zAsana meM bhikSugaNa vihAra karate haiN| lobha, dveSa tathA moha-ye tIna aisA dharma haiM jo citta ko azAnta karate haiM, isase bhItara meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai, jise lobhIjana nahIM bUjhate haiM

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bauddha vAGmaya meM maGgala kI avadhAraNA anatthajanano lobho, lobho cittappakopano / bhayamantarato jAtaM taM jano nAvabujjhati / / duTTho atthaM na jAnAti duTTho dhammaM na passati / andhatamaM tadA hoti, yaM doso sahate naraM / / yo ca dosaM pahatvAna dosaneyye na dussati / doso pahIyati tamhA tAlapakkho va bandhanA / / anatthajanano moho moho cittappakopano / bhayamantarato jAto taM jano nAvabujjhati / / mUlho atthaM na jAnAti mUlho dhammaM na passati / andhatamaM tadA hoti yaM moho sahate naraM / / yo ca mohaM pahatvAna mohaneyye na muhyati / mohaM vihanti so sabbaM AdiccavudayaM tamaMti / / lobha anartha ko utpanna karatA hai, yaha lobha citta ko uttejita karatA hai| vyakti usa bhaya ko nahIM dekhatA hai jo usake bhItara se utpanna hotA hai| rAga se anuzAsita yA prabhAvita vyakti ucita aura niyama ko nahIM jAnatA vaha vyakti jo rAga yukta hotA hai, andhatama ho jAtA hai| jo dveSa ko naSTa kara dUSaNIya vastu se praduSTa nahIM hotA hai| usake dveSa usI prakAra gira jAte haiM jaise kamala se jala bindu gira jAte haiN| moha anartha ko utpanna karatA hai, vaha citta ko uttejita karatA hai| vaha bhItara se utpanna hone vAle bhaya ko nahIM dekhatA hai| vaha ucita ko tathA dharma ko bhI nahIM jAnatA hai| jo moha ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai, vaha andhakAramaya ho jAtA hai| jo moha ko vinaSTa kara mohanIya vastuoM se mohita nahIM hotA hai, usakA sabhI moha usI prakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai jisa prakAra sUryodaya ke hone para andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| - virajaM arthAt rAga, dveSa tathA moha se vigata honA hI viraja honA hai| yaha virajatA hI uttama maGgala hai| viraja hokara manuSya nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| vaha vItatRSNa ho jAtA hai| vaha prajJA se yaha jAna letA hai ki duHkha nahIM hai| tRSNA se rahita citta kI yaha avasthA, sarvazreSTha maMgala hai|

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zramaNavidyA- 3 khema (kSema) arthAt nirupadravatA, zAntimayatA, nirvANa ke adhigama kA pratIka hai, kyoMki nirvANa sarva zAntimayatA, sarva prasannatA aura sabhI prakAra ke doSoM evaM avaguNoM se sarvamuktatA kA adhivacana hai| nirvANa ko hama - zAnti se ApUrita citta' kahate haiM / parama zAntimayatA ko prApta karane ke lie mithyAdRSTi aura moha kA parivarjana karanA aparihArya hai / ina doSoM ke vyupazAnta hue binA citta kA prazAnta honA saMbhava nahI hai / duHkha kA nirodha aura rAgamukti zAnti ko lAtA hai, ata: zAnti se ApUrita citta uttama maMgala hai | 50 isa prakAra asokaM, virajaM, khemaM, ye tInoM uttama maMgala haiM kyoMki yaha saMsAra kI sarvocca avasthA arthAt nirvANa kA kAraNa hai aura Ahvaneya ke yogya banAtA hai| etAdisA katvAna sabbatthamaparAjitA / sabbattha sotthiM gacchanti taM te maMgalamuttamaM / / aisA karake sarvatra aparAjita hokara sarvatra kalyANa ko prApta karatA hai, yaha unakA uttama maMgala hai| kahA bhI hai idhanandati pecca nandati katapuJJa ubhayattha nandati / puJJa meM kartati nandati, bhiyyo nandati sugatiM gatoti / / kRtapuNya vyakti isa loka meM Ananda pAtA hai aura paraloka meM jAkara bhI Ananda pAtA hai| puNyAtmA donoM lokoM meM Ananda pAtA hai| vaha apane karmoM kI vizuddhatA ko dekhakara Anandita hotA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne ar3atIsa maMgaloM (aTThatiMsamaGgalAni ) kA upadeza kiyA hai jo samasta mAnava jIvana ke lie kalyANakArI hai|

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vartamAna samaya meM buddha-vacana kI prAsaMgikatA pro. vizvanAtha banarjI samyak sambuddha bhagavAna buddha mAnava-jAti ke mahAn guru DhAI hajAra sAla se bhI pahale janme aura isI vizva kI pIr3ita mAnava-jAti kI avasthA kI unnati ke lie kAma kiyaa| Aja jaba hama unakI vANI para vicAra karate hai to hama kRtajJa sammAna bhAvanA se bharakara Azcaryacakita raha jAte haiM ki unakI vANI Aja ke yuga ke saMdarbha meM bhI kitanI prAsaMgika hai| vizva Aja aneka Tukar3o meM ba~TA huA hai aura paraspara yuddharata deza eka dUsare ke prati zatrutApUrNa daloM meM vibhAjita hai, mAnavatA ko bacAne kI koI AzA nahIM dIkha paDatI balki aura bhI bhayAvaha eka tIsarA vizvayuddha hamAre Age mu~ha bAe khar3A hai| jIvana ke mUlyabodha kI dhAraNAyeM AmUla badala gaI haiN| cAroM ora manuSya svabhAva aura naitika mUlyoM kA sAmagrika patana huA hai| apane vyaktigata lAbha hAni kI nApa-taula ke bIca hama yaha nahIM samajhate ki acchAI ke nirvAha se bhUloM kA sudhAra aura bure kA nAza hI samAja meM sAmaMjasya banAe rakhane meM aura virodhoM se mukta eka vizva kA nirmANa karane me hamArI sahAyatA kara sakatA hai| ise saphala banAne ke lie sauhArdapUrNa mitratA dhairya kI bhAvanA aura bhAI-cAre kI bhAvanA se ubuddha mana kI AvazyakatA hai| buddha ne apane upadezoM meM ina sabhI ke bAre meM bar3I hI Azvasta pUrNa rIti se AlocanA kI hai| sacetana vizva kI bhalAI ke lie buddha kA saMdeza sirpha pracIna bhArata taka hI sImita nahIM rahA, balki eziyA ke bahusaMkhya logoM ke mana ko prabhAvita kiyA aura unakI vANI se unheM sAntvanA aura zAnti kA sandeza milaa| unake lie buddha na kevala vizva-prema kI pratimUrti the, balki pUrNa jJAna ke pratIka bhI the| unakI vANI meM hI una logoM ke pIr3ita mana ko Azraya milA aura

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zramaNavidyA- 3 unakI zikSA ko unhoneM samasta burAIyoM, jinakA ki eka sAMsArika manuSya ko sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, upacAra ke rUpa meM apanAyA / lalita vistara meM saMsAra prANiyoM ke lie buddha kI zikSA kA gurutva samajhAne ke lie unheM vaidyoM ke rAjA ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA hai 52 cirAture jIvaloke kleza-vyAdhi prapIDite / vaidyarAT tvaM samutpannaH sarvavyAdhi pramocakaH / / "kAmanAoM se rogagrasta dIrghasamaya se asvastha aura duHkhAvega se pIDita isa vizva meM tuma vaidya pravara avatarita hue ho, sarva rogoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie " para ve pIr3Ae~ aura vyAdhiyA~ kyA thI jinhe buddha vaidya ke rUpa meM dUra kara sakate haiM, aura kina auSadhiyoM se ? buddha ke janma ke samaya ko Atmika eSaNa ke yuga ke rUpa se jAnA jAtA hai aura hameM yAda rakhanA hai ki gautama ne sarva duHkha pIr3AoM kI jar3a ko khoja nikAlane kI preraNA se ghara chor3A thA duHkha kI usa jar3a ko jo mAnava ko kleza pahu~cAtI hai aura jJAnAnveSI ke rUpa meM unakA yaha kAma thA - pIr3ita aura jarjarita mAnavatA ko aise patha ko khoja denA jo unheM duHkha-darda se chuTakArA degii| unhoneM cAra Arya satyoM kI khoja kI aura darzAyA ki ajJAna hI saba mAnavIya duHkhoM kI jar3a hai| pApa duHkha aura pIr3A se bhare nazvara isa saMsAra meM ve lagabhaga cAlIsa sAla taka ghUmate rahe aura satya, prema evaM ahiMsA kA saMdeza sunAte rhe| nissandeha hI unakI zikSA sahI artha meM dhArmika hai, parantu sAtha hI sAtha vaha naitika dArzanika aura vizvajanIna hai| unhoneM una azuddha mAnasika sthitiyoM aura AvegoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA jo ki hamAre mana ko satAte haiM aura hamAre lie aisI sthiti utpanna karate haiM ki hama astitva ke bha~vara meM pha~sakara janma ke Avarta meM ghUmate rahate haiM aura pariNAmasvarUpa saMsAra ke duHkha meM par3a jAte hai| hama sarvadA aneka AzAoM aura aneka apUrNa manovAMchAoM ko lekara tanAvapUrNa sthiti meM jIte haiN| isa tanAva ko aura roga ko dUra karane kA uttama upAya hai AtmAbhimAna kA tyAga aura mana kI zuddhi / unhoneM cAhA ki mAnava pahale antasnAna dvArA antara kI zuddhi kare - 'sinAto antarena sinAnena' na ki pavitra jala ke sparza se bAki zucitA / unhoneM netivAcaka duHkha se dUra bhAgane kI bAta nahIM kahI hai, balki unhoneM cAhA ki astivAcaka acchAI kA pAlana ho aura abhyantara kI zuddhi ho

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vartamAna samaya meM buddha-vacana kI prAsaMgikatA sabbapApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasampadA / sacitta pariyodapanaM etaM buddhAnasAsanaM / / ' koI bhI pApa na karanA mahAn kAryoM kA parizodhana, mana kI zuddhi buddha kI yahI zikSA hai| aura yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zuddhi aura azuddhi vyakti para nirbhara karatI hai-koI vyakti kisI bhI dUsare vyakti ko zuddha nahIM kara sakatA 'suddhi asuddhi paccattaM nAjo ajaM visodhaye / ' buddha bArambAra ziSya ko zikSA dete hai ki satya taka pahu~cane ke lie vaha vyAvahArika upAyoM kA avalambana kare AcaraNa kare na ki vizvAsa unake ziSya kA AdhAra hai| unhone samajhAyA ki prabhutva ke uccatama sthAna para hai hamAre antara kI AvAja aura bAharI zakti ke saMdarbha ke binA hI apanA trAtA hai| "attA hi attano nAtho ko hi nAtho paro siyA'' ve apane anuyAyiyoM ko dUsaroM ko zikSA dene se pahale apane ko hI sudhArane ko kahate hai attAnameva paThamaM patirUpe nivesaye / atha ajaM anusAseyya na kilisseyya paNDito / / vyakti ko sabase pahale nizcita kara lenA cAhie ki kyA sahI hai, phira dUsaroM ko zikSA denI caahie| jJAnI vyakti agara isa prakAra se cale to kaSTa nahIM paayegaa| ve upadeza dete hai ki hamAre svabhAva ke punarUjjIvana meM hI hamAre uddhAra kI AzA nihita hai| ve kahate haiM ki vyakti ko apane AcaraNa aura anAcaraNa kI ora dhyAna denA cAhie aura dUsaroM ke anucita kAryoM ke prati nhiiN| na paresaM vilomAni na paresaM katAkataM / attano va avekkheyya katAni akatAni ca / / 1. dhammapada. 183; 3. vahI. 160; 5. vahI. 50 / 2. dhammapada. 165 / 4. vahI. 158 /

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54 zramaNavidyA-3 ve dikhAte hai ki dUsaro ke doSo ko dekhanA AsAna hai| sarvathA apane doSo ko dUsaroM se chipAne kA prayAsa rahatA hai| sudassaM vajjaM ajesaM attano pana duddasaM / / paresaM hi so vajjAni opuNAti yathAbhusaM / / attano pana chAdeti kaliM va kitavA saTho / unakA dhyAna vyakti para kendrita hai| unakI ceSTA bhI caritra ke AdarzoM kI sRSTi, manuSya ke vyavahAra kA mAnanirNaya, manuSya ke jIvana ke mUlyoM ko, ceSTAoM ko aura abhijJatAoM ko u~cA uThAnA; ve na to koI dharmasudhAraka the aura na hI unhoneM usa jamAne kI rIti ke anusAra samajhe jAne vAle tathAkathita dharma ke rUpa meM kisI dharma siddhAnta yA tattva kI bAta khii| apane ziSyo ko siddhAnta yA dharmasAra kI zikSA dene ke bajAya jaisA ki rAdhAkRSNana ne kahA hai, buddha ne eka prakAra kA svabhAva aura abhyAsa gaDhane kI ceSTA kI thii| apane anuyAyiyoM ko diye unake isa upadeza meM eka saceta Avega vyakta huA hai| vaha kahate haiM ki agara koI unakI nindA karatA ho yA unake upadezoM meM doSa nikAlatA ho to bhI ve aprasannatA yA krodha se vicalita na hoN| kAraNa aisI sthiti meM ve loga samAlocanA kI saccAI yA burAI nahIM jA~ca skegeN| apane anuyAyiyoM ko unhoneM kisI mitra kI saccI samAlocanA kA virodha na karane ko kahA aura aise mitroM kI saMgata meM rahane ko kahA jo ki sadAcArI aura manuSyoM meM zreSTha ho| "bhajetha mitte kalyANe, bhajetha purisuttame / __ ve cAhate the ki unake ziSya unakI yakti ko apane jIvana kA AdhAra banAyeM aura unhone yaha bhI upadeza diyA ki ve unake zabdoM ko jIvana aura tarka dvArA binA jA~ca kie na sviikaareN| manuSyoM ko jIvana kI paristhitiyoM ko yathAsambhava Adarza banAne ko khaa| vizva meM sabase bar3I tAkata hai usa mahAn caritra kI jisakA gaThana vicArazIla mana dvArA huA ho| caritravAna manuSya kA koI kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sktaa| Avega jo ki saba burAiyoM kI jar3a hai, vicArazIla mana meM sthAna nahIM banA paataa| unake lie vizva burA nahIM varan 1. vahI. 252 2. Radhakrishnan s Dhammapada. Int. p.13 1. vahI. 78

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vartamAna samaya meM buddha vacana kI prAsaMgikatA - ajJAn rUpa, asantoSapUrNa aura nirAnanda hai / unhoneM samajhAyA ki hamArI mUrkhatAbharI icchAe~ hameM duHkhI banAtI hai / sukhI hone ke lie vyakti ko nae hRdaya kI aura naI A~kho se dekhane kI AvazyakatA hai|' acche vyavahAra aura AbhijAtya ko ve tapazcaryA se adhika mahattva dete the / bhArata jo ki dhArmika sahanazIlatA kI bhUmi hai, usakI AtmA aura Adarza ke prati sacce buddha ke zabdoM aura vyavahAra kisI meM bhI jarA bhI asahanazIlatA kA AbhAsa nahIM miltaa| kisI bhI avasara para hama buddha ko krodhita hote yA kar3e se kar3e samAlocaka ke prati koI kaTu yA niSThura mantavya karate nahIM pAte haiN| kabhI kabhAra hama unheM yajJAgni ke nikaTa brAhmaNa ke pAsa baiThe dhArmika AlocanArata dekhate haiM, para usake vizvAsa aura upAsaka ko binA Thesa pahu~cAye / aura kabhI ve navIna dharmAntarita sIha jo ki pahale jainI the ko upadeza dete haiM, ki vaha pahale jaise hI ghara para Aye jaina sanyAsiyoM ko bhojana aura upahAra de / buddha ko dharmAntarita karane meM bahuta hI kama dilacaspI hai| eka bAra hama dekhate haiM ki eka gRhasvAmI ne bar3e hI kaTu zabdo meM unheM khadeDA ve baDe hI ziSTa aura maitrIpUrNa zailI meM usase pUchA hai - priya mitra ! agara koI gRhasvAmI kisI bhikhArI ke Age bhojana rakhatA hai aura bhikhArI use grahaNa karane se inkAra kara detA hai to vaha bhojana kisakA hotA hai? vaha vyakti, uttara detA hai- " avazya hI gRhasvAmI kA " / buddha uttara dete hai- te maiM tumhArI kaTu zabdoM aura asadicchA ko grahaNa karane se inkAra kara detA hU~, ve avazya hI tumhAre pAsa lauTa jAyegeM para maiM yahA~ se adhika garIba hokara lauTUMgA kyoMki maineM apanA eka mitra kho diyA / " 55 buddha kA udadezya samatAvAdI samAja kA nirmANa nahIM thaa| ve cAhate the ki tanAva aura nirAnandamaya paristhitiyA~ jar3a se dUra hoM jisase sabhI ke lie zakti, aura Ananda, virAjita hoN| ve apane anuyAyiyoM se kahate haiM ki hara prANI ke prati premabhAva se ve loga apanA hRdaya bhara leM aura ghRNA, vidveSa Adi burI bhAvanAyeM miTA deN| unakA kahanA hai ki 'zatrutA zatrutA se nahIM miTatI, vaha sirpha maitrI se hI miTa sakatI hai-- 1. Radhakrishnan s Dhammapada. Intr. 13

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56 zramaNavidyA-3 na hi verena verAni sammantIdha kudAcanaM / averena ca sampanti esa dhammo sanantano / / ' ve Age kahate haiM ki vijaya ghRNA ko janma detI hai, kyoMki vijita vyakti duHkhI hotA hai jayaM veraM pasavati dukkhaM seti parAjito / ___ usa yuga ke lie unakA sandeza navInatA lie hue thA, kyoMki vaha vyaktigata Izvara meM vizvAsa ke binA hI sukha aura ananta Ananda kI pratizrutti detA hai| paraloka ke sambandha meM samasta prakAra ke vidvAttApUrNa vicAravimarza ko unhoneM hatotsAhita kiyA aura kahA ki unake lie samasta prakAra ke tAttvika matabheda antarmana kI zAnti ke lie hAnikAraka haiN| ve catarArya satyoM kI upalabdhi dvArA ajJAna, tRSNA aura Asakti ko dUra miTAne ko sabase adhika mahattva dete the| unhoneM samajhAyA ki pratIyamAna saMsAra kA koI vAstavika astitva nahIM hai- kevala ajJAnI aura amananazIla mana ke Age hI kucha kAraNa aura paristhitiyA~ vastu ko vAstavika pratIta karAtI hai| unhoneM utpatti aura duHkhanivRtti kI atisUkSma rUparekhA prastuta kI hai aura madhyapatha aura Arya satyoM kI upalabdhi ko auSadhi ke rUpa meM nirdezita kiyA hai| buddha ke samagra zikSaNa ko jo ki patha ke antargata jAtA hai, hama tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM jaise-zIla, citta aura paJjA; zArIrika, mAnasika aura bauddhika abhyaas| bauddha dharma meM naitika eSaNA aura dArzanika upalabdhi ke ye tIna vicAra bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| zIla yA zArIrika abhyAsa eka vyApaka naitika nIti saMhitA hai jisameM sammAvAcA sahI vacana sammAkammanta sahI AcaraNa aura sammA AjIva sahI jIvikA ityaadi| naitikatA ke pA~ca mahatvapUrNa tatva haiM-acaurya, sadAcAra, mithyA na bolanA, mAdaka dravya-asevana jIvikA ke lie durAcaraNa na krnaa| samAja zAstra kI dRSTi se ye niSedha atyanta arthapUrNa haiN| ye usa zArIrika anuzAsana ke sUcaka haiM jisake pazcAt mAnasika zikSA yA citta AtA hai aura jisakI parAkASThA cintana, manana hai jo apane meM sammAvyAyAma sahI abhyAsa sammAsati sahI cintana aura sammAsamAdhi sahI dhyAna manana ko sameTe hue hai| manAsika 1. Ibid. 5

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vartamAna samaya meM buddha-vacana kI prAsaMgikatA 57 anuzAsana jo ki bauddha nItizAstra aura darzana ke lie atyAvazyaka hai-kevala mana kI ekAgratA hI nahIM samajhA jAnA caahie| tIsarA pakSa hai paJjA-sammAsaMkalpa sahI saMkalpa aura sammAdiTThi sahI dRSTi nirdezita bauddhika anushaasn| ina tIna vibhAgoM meM hameM ATha mahAn nirdeza mahAn patha ke sUtra meM milate haiN| yaha pratyakSaM hai ki bauddhika anuzAsana ke antima vibhAga meM bauddha dharma ne vizva kI sabase bar3I pahelI ke samAdhAna ke bAre meM apane anokhe vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| anya do anuzAsana anekAMza meM bhArata meM usa samaya pracalita anya naitika, bauddhika aura dhyAna abhyAsa se milate-julate haiN| bauddha dharma meM jIne kI naitika paramparA kI parAkASThA dArzanika jJAna meM haiN| "sammA diTThi' yAnI sahI dRSTi ke Upara diyA gayA jora isa bAta kA nirdezaka hai ki naitika niyama mUla satyoM kI upalabdhi para AdhArita hone caahie| du:kha ke anivArya kAnUna dvArA niyantrita vizva meM sadAcArI mana ke nirmANa kI preraNA ke bauddhadharma meM naitikatA kA mAnadaNDa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai pare ca na vijAnanti mayamettha yamAmase / / ye ca tattha vijAnanti tato sammanti medhagA / / ajJAnI yaha nahIM jAnatA ki yahA~ hama saba ko anta kI ora jAnA haiM, kintu jo ise upalabdhi karate haiM, unake jhagar3e tatkAla khatma ho jAte haiN| 'sammA saMkappa' sahI AkAkSAM yA icchA manuSya ke nizcayoM ko u~cA aura mahAna banAne meM buddha ke batAe hue mArga kA eka mahattvapUrNa sopAna hai| buddha ne naitika jIvana ke sAtha yukti aura icchA ko jor3A aura samasta prANiyoM ke prati sadbhAvanA aura mamatva kI vRddhi ke lie yaha Avazyaka haiN| isase hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki hamArI sahI abhilASA aura sahI mArgadarzana se hama apane saMsAra ko hamAre tanAva aura antarrASTrIya jhagar3oM ko miTAkara aura adhika sukhamaya banA sakate haiN| . hamAre adhikAMza jhagar3e aura tanAva kaTu zabda aura kar3avI bhASA ke vyavahAra se panapate haiM, bhASA para niyantraNa zAnti aura sadabhAvanA kI sthApanA meM sahAyaka haiM aura buddha ne sammAvAcA ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki kisI bhI 1. Ibid. 201

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58 zramaNavidyA-3 prakAra ke mithyA durAvapUrNa aura kaTuvacana ke vyavahAra se virata rahakara isakA pAlana ho sakatA hai-yaha eka samAjika guNa hai jo ki vyakti ko gaurava va sammAna pradAna karatA hai| sahI AcaraNa yA mahAn kArya dUsaroM kI bhalAI taka pahu~cAte haiM aura eka Adarza caritra ke gaThana ke lie ye Avazyaka gaNa haiN| "sammA kammanta' yA sahI kArya jo ki mahAna hoM aura sahI prakAra ke ho, kartA ke alobha, adveSa aura amoha svabhAva ko ujAgara karate haiN| isa abhyAsa kA eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa upakArI pakSa hai ki yaha kartA ko naimittika kAryoM se jur3e kadAcaraNa se mukta karatA hai| sahI AjIvikA yA 'sammA ajIva' dAyitvapUrNa sAmAjika manuSya ke nirmANa meM atyAvazyaka hai| yaha naitika jIvana kA sUcaka hai aura hamAre Arthika jIvana ko naitika banAne kI koziza karatA hai jisase ki hama abhadra AcaraNa se dUra raheM aura dUsaroM ko Thagakara phAyadA na luutteN| yaha dekhA gayA hai ki kAryoM se hI manuSya parityakta hotA hai aura kAryoM se hI vaha brahmaNa bhI bana sakatA hai| naitika manovijJAna abhyAsa 'sammA vAyAmo' yA sahI abhyAsa kA nirdeza samasta prakAra ke bure yA galata manobhAvoM ke damana yA unmUlana ke lie kiyA gayA hai| yaha sadbhAvanA ke nirmANa poSaNa aura vRddhi meM sahAyaka hai aura mana ko naye vicAroM se duSita hone se rokatA hai| mAnasika abhyAsa kI nistaracala sahI prakriyA 'sammAsati' yA sahI mAnasikatA samasta AkAMkSAo kI nivRtti meM sahAyaka hai| zramasAdhya aura yojanAbaddha abhyAsa dvArA vyakti isa prakAra se zarIra aura mana ko zikSita kara sakatA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra kI vAsanA yA viSAda utsAhI saceta zAnta aura dhIra bane zakta naitika caritravAn AkAMkSI ke mana meM nahIM ghusa ske| 'sammA samAdhi yA sahI dhyAna prArthanA cintana manana dvArA mana ko dhIra aura prazAnta banAte hue naitika prakriyA ke carama utkarSa taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| akhaNDa zAnti kI sRSTi hotI hai aura Atmopalabdhi kI prApti hotI hai| samasta samasyAoM aura tanAvoM se mukta rahakara, AkAMkSI saccA Ananda prApta karatA hai| 1. cf. Brahmanavagga in Dhammapada

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vartamAna samaya meM buddha-vacana kI prAsaMgikatA mahAn aSTAMgika mArga kI prakriyA kI upasthApanA karate hue buddha ne sukhada vyaktitvazAlI, dRr3ha aura mahAn caritra gaThana para bala diyA hai jo samAja kI mUlyavAna sevA kara ske| naitikatA aura mananazIla ekAgratA ko sAtha jor3ate hue buddha ne naitika bhAvanA ko gahana banAne kA mArga darzAyA hai| bauddhadharma meM antarmana kA mahattva adhika samajhA jAtA hai aura mArga dvArA nirdezita sampUrNa vyaktitva kA bhI samAja kI bhalAI ke lie kAphI mahatva hai| yaha sahI hai ki nirdezita patha kA sambandha pradhAnata: bauddha sanyAsiyoM ke saMgha se hai kintu vizleSaNa karane para ATha tattvoM meM nihita sAmAjika mUlyoM kI avahelanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| patha nirdezita naitikatA yA nIti jJAna kArya kendrita hai aura svabhAva se parivartanAtmaka bhii| buddha ne patha kA nirdeza zAstrIya vivecana ke lie nahIM, balki paropakAra kI bhAvanA naitikatA ke lie prayAsa zarIra aura mana kI sphUrti vAsanAoM aura kisI bhI prakAra kI burI bhAvanAoM se pUrNa rUpa se mukta utsAhI mana ke prabardhana kI sahAyatA ke lie kiyA gayA thaa| bauddha dharma kI anya nItizAstrIya prakriyAoM ko agara ThIka se pAlana ho aura grahaNa ho to vaha jAgatika samasyA aura tanAvoM ko anekAMza taka AsAna aura dUra kara sakatI haiN| brahmavihAra ke nAma se abhihita prakriyA cAra udAtta vargoM ko sameTe hai jo ki aSTAMgika mArga se sambaddha haiN| cAra vargoM dvArA prastuta Adarza naitika guNoM aura parArthavAdI mUlyoM ke lie viziSTa hai| ve cAra paricita haiM-mattA (maitrI) karuNA, maditA aura upekkhA (upekSA) ke nAma se bauddha dharma meM ye vicAra nahIM, balki kevala bhAvanAe~ yA dhyAna ke prakAra mAtra haiM jinakI prApti vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| sarvocca prakAra ke parArthavAda kI abhivyatti ina cAroM prakAra ke vicAra ke dvArA huI hai jo pUrNa rUpa se vyavahata hone para samAja ko jIne ke yogya banAte hai| ye cAra vibhAjana, sAMkhya praNAlI dvArA bhI samajhAye gaye hai, para isa sambandha meM antara nihita hai-bauddha dharma dvArA pracArita udAra ravaiyA, sArvabhaumikatA aura parivartanazIla parArthavAda meN| - brahmavihAra kA pahalA varga mettA yA mettA bhAvanA eka gaharA sAmAjika tAtparyayukta mahattvapUrNa naitika vicAra hai| yaha buddha ke anugAmI ko sarvadA brahmANDa ke hara prANI ke cAhe vaha paricita ho yA aparicita janmA ho yA abhI taka ajanmA, bhalAI aura sukha ke lie utkaNThita rahane kI zikSA detA hai| 'sabbe

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zramaNavidyA- 3 sattA bhavantu sukhitattA' - hareka prANI Anandita rahe yahI Adarza hai, isa prakAra kI bhAvanA kA abhyAsa karane vAle kA / parantu kevala mana meM sabakI bhalAI aura sukha kI bhAvanA kA pAlana hI paryApta nahIM hai| AkAMkSI vyakti ko ucca yA nIca sukha ke lie prANiyoM ke prati asIma premapUrNa utsAhita hRdaya se ekAgra hokara kArya karanA par3egA aura antataH yaha ahiMsA ke vicAra ke saMga jur3A hai| ina donoM vargoM ke abhyAsa aura manana se eka AbhyantarIna sAmaMjasya aura bhrAtRtva kI sRSTi hotI hai jo ki isa baDhate audyogika, avaiyaktika, Adhunika samyatA ke lie hitakArI phala dete haiM / vizvajanIna karuNA yA karuNA bhAvanA hai| dUsarI prakriyA jo ki sabhI prANiyoM ke prati aisA ki paMkSI ke phaMde meM laTakAte hue doSI ke prati bhI karuNA kI bhAvanA rakhane meM sahAyatA karatI haiN| isa bhAvanA kA abhyAsa kisI aparokSa karuNA bhAvanA kA nahIM, balki sudhAra ke lie sakriya kArya kI AvazyakatA para jora detA hai / abhyAsarata vyakti ko sakriya rUpa se apanI bhAvanAoM ko kAryoM meM r3hAlane meM vyasta rahanA cAhie aura jaba taka usane pIr3ita vizva ko ArAma na pahu~cAyA ho taba taka use santuSTa ho kara vizrAma nahIM karanA cAhie / 60 muditA jo ki tIsarA brahmavihAra hai aura eka mahattvapUrNa naitika manobhAva hai kisI dUsare vyakti, aisA ki zatruoM ke bhI Ananda meM Anandita honA, isa abhyAsa ke antargata AtA hai| upekkhA jo ki brahmavihAroM ke vibhAjana meM antima hai - isake abhyAsa se dhairya kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| ina cAra Adarzo kA ThIka se pAlana vizva kI azAnta bhAvanAoM ko nirmUla karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhA sakatI hai aura vibhinna AvohavA aura abhiruci ke logoM ke bIca bhrAtRtva aura ekatA kI bhAvanA jAgRta karane meM atyanta sahAyaka ho sakatA hai / prema, bandhutva aura karuNA ke mAdhyama se hRdaya ko udAtta aura zuddha banAne vAle buddha ke vicAra anicca (anitya) anatta (anAtma) aura dukkha (duHkha) kA saMdeza eka sAtha milAkara samasyA duHkha durdazA pIr3ita vizva ko mukta karAne kI pratizruti dete haiN| svabhAva se hI jAgatika prANI Atmakendrita hote haiM aura vAsanA yA tahA yA tRSNA isa AtmakendritA kI jar3a hai / buddha ne isa mUlabhUta satya ko ujAgara kiyA aura upacAra kA upAya sujhaayaa| unhoneM batAyA ki puNya aura jJAna eka

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vartamAna samaya meM buddha vacana kI prAsaMgikatA - 1 dUsare ko zuddha banAte haiN| jabaki kArya kAraNa sambandha ke siddhAnta ko grahaNa na kara pAnA vizva ke samasta duHkhoM kI jar3a hai| 2 mAnava itihAsa ke isa nAjuka samaya meM jabaki mAnavatA aura samagra sRSTi vidveSa aura ghRNA, vAsanA aura hiMsA avizvAsa aura irSyA, sandeha aura zatrutA se dhvasta, jamA hote hue aMdhakAra se upaje dhvasaM ke sAmane khar3I ho taba zAyada buddha kA saMdeza hamAre lie AzA aura mukti kA prakAza dikhAtA hai-- hameM mArga dikhAtA hai aura hamAre jIvana aura samAja meM prema sauhArda zAnti aura bandhutva kI punaH pratiSThA karane meM hamArI sahAyatA karatA hai| zAyada mAnava itihAsa ke kisI bhI yuga meM buddha kA sandeza itanA samayopayogI aura Avazyaka rahA ho jaisA ki Aja hai| ravIndranAtha apanI viziSTa zailI meM hiMsA se unmatta aura asahanIyatA se vazIbhUta isa vizva meM buddha ke naye janma kA AhvAna karate haiM "nUtana tava janma lAgi kAtara yata prANI 3 11 kara trANa mahAprANa Ano amRtavANI 11 61 samasta sRSTi tumhAre navajanma ke lie kAtara hai / he mahAprANa ! hameM uddhAra karo, hameM apanA amRta saMdeza sunaao| 1. cf. sonadaNDa sutta 2. mahAnidAnasutta 3. ravIndra racanAvalI, janma zatAbdI saMskaraNa 4 / 128.

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva pro. rAmazaMkara tripAThI pU. adhyakSa bauddha darzana vibhAga saM.saM.vi.vi. vArANasI sampUrNa jar3a-cetanAtmaka jagat kAla ke garbha meM sthita hai| kyoMki sabhI vastue~ utpAda, sthiti evaM bhaGga ina tIna kAloM meM pratIta hotI hai| kAla kI isa nirantaratA evaM vyApakatA ko dekhakara kucha dArzanika use nitya evaM dravyasat vastu mAnate haiN| bauddha darzana ke anusAra kAla paJcaskandha svabhAvAtmaka aura saMskRta lakSaNa vAlA dharma hai| usakI vastunirapekSa svatantra sattA bauddha darzana meM mAnya nahIM hai| api tu vaha jaDa-cetana dharmoM kI gatizIlatA aura parivartanazIlatA kI apekSA se eka prAjJaptika dharma hai| prajJaptisattA hone para bhI bauddha loga usa vyAvahArika kAla ke do bheda karate haiM, yathA-sthUla evaM suukssm| muhUrta, dina, rAtri, mAsa, Rtu, varSa Adi kAla ke sthUla bheda haiM tathA 'kSaNa' kAla kA sUkSma bheda hai| jaise rUpI (jar3a) padArthoM kA antima avayava paramANu hotA hai, usI prakAra kAla kA antima bhAga 'kSaNa' kahalAtA hai| AbhidhArmikoM ke matAnusAra samasta hetu-pratyayoM ke vidyamAna hone para jitane kAla meM kisI dharma kA AtmalAbha (utpAda) hotA hai, utanA kSaNa kA parimANa hai| athavA jitane kAla meM koI gatizIla padArtha eka paramANu se dUsare paramANu taka pahu~catA hai, utanA kSaNa kA parimANa hai| 1. te puna: saMskRtA dharmA rUpAdiskandhapaJcakam / ta evAdhvA kathAvatthu sani:sArAH savastukAH / / dra.-abhikoza, 1:7 / 2. samagreSu pratyayeSu yAvatA dharmasyAtmalAbhaH, gacchan vA dharmo yAvatA paramANoH paramANvantaraM gcchti...aabhidhaarmikaa:| dra.-abhi.koza bhASya, pR. 536 (bauddhbhaartii-sNskrnn)|

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva sabhI vastuoM kA astitva kSaNamAtra haiM--aisA mAnane ke kAraNa bauddha kSaNabhaGgavAdI kahalAte haiN| kSaNavAda hI unakA kAlasiddhAnta hai| vastuvAdI bauddhoM ke matAnusAra svalakSaNa hI vastu hai aura vaha sarvathA kSaNika hai| isalie bauddhoM meM kAla kA atyadhika mahattva hai| [ka] bauddhetara dhArA bauddha dhArA ke anusAra hI kAla ke svarUpa kA nirupaNa karanA isa nibandha kA uddezya hai, phira bhI bauddhetara prAcIna vaidika vAGmaya ke avalokana se kAla ke viSaya meM aneka mAnyatAeM parilakSita hotI haiN| unakA hama cAra vargoM meM vibhAjana kara sakate haiM, yathA- 1. bhagavad-rUpa kAla, 2. nitya dravya svarUpa kAla, 3. anitya dravya svarUpa kAla tathA 4. prAjJaptika yA vyAvahArika kaal| 1. bhagavad-rUpa kAla vaidika vAGmaya meM Rk saMhitA', atharva saMhitA, bhAgavata purANa', mahAbhArata, Adi meM kAla ko bhagavad-rUpa mAnakara usakI stutiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| 2. nitya dravya-svarUpa kAla vaizeSika darzana meM kala 6 yA 7 padArtha mAne jAte haiM, unameM eka dravya padArtha hai| dravya padArtha bhI 9 prakAra hai, yathA pRthivI, ap tejas, vAyu, kAla, AkAza, dik, Atman aura mns| kAla dravya nitya aura vibhu mAnA gayA hai| kSaNa, ahorAtra, mAsa, Rtu, varSa Adi isI se abhivyakta hote haiN| anumAna se isake astitva kI siddhi kI jAtI hai| nyAyadarzana kI mAnyatA bhI lagabhaga vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra hI hai| inake mata meM bhI kSaNa, divasa, mAsa, Rtu, varSa Adi kA AdhArabhUta dravya kAla hI hai| mImAMsA darzana ke bhATTa mata ke anusAra kAla eka aura vibhu (vyApaka) dravya hai| prabhAkara kI bhI karIba-karIba yahI mAnyatA hai| kAla kI indriyagrAhyatA aura atIndriyatA ke viSaya meM hI donoM meM matabheda hai| 1. Rk saMhitA 2 / 3 vAmIya suukt| 2. atharva saMhitA kaalsuukt| 3. bhAgavata purANa 3 / 8 / 11 / 4. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, mokssdhrm|

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64 3. anitya dravya svarUpa kAla pAzupata Agama, siddhAntAgama tathA vIrazaiva matoM meM kAla kI anitya dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA hai| zramaNavidyA- 3 4. prAjJaptika yA vyAvahArika kAla zAGkara advaita darzana, sAMkhya darzana aura zAkta mata ke anusAra kAla kI pAramArthika sattA nahIM hai / vaha eka prAjJaptika dharma hai, jisakI vyAvahArika sattA hai| samasta jJeya dharmoM meM kAla atyanta sUkSma dharma (padArtha) haiN| samasta saMskRta vastu-jagat kAla kA hI vilAsamAtra hai| kAla se nirapekSa vastu kI sattA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kAla kA abhiprAya vastu kA vaha ghaTanAkrama hai, jo hetu-pratyayoM kI anyo'nyAzrayatA se ghaTita hotA hai| hetupratyayoM se abhisaMskRta saMskAra dharma hI kAla haiN| nAma rUpa Adi vastuoM ke kSaNa, kSaNasantati, graha-nakSatra kI gati Adi kI apekSA se jo kSaNa, lava, muhUrta, divasa, mAsa, saMvatsara Adi vyavahAra loka meM pravRtta hote haiM, unhIM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne kAla kI kalpanA kI hai| vastutaH kSaNa, lava, muhUrtta Adi mAtra vauddhika aura prajJaptimAtra haiN| jisa kalpita rekhA ke dvArA bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna Adi kA vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai, vahI kAla hai| isase atirikta kAla kI sattA siddha nahIM hai| vastu se atirikta (bhinna ) kAla yA kAla se atirikta nAma, rUpa Adi vastu kI sattA siddha nahIM hai| hetu pratyaya-sAmagrI ke samavadhAna se jo ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, vahI vastusattA hai| isa prakAra ghaTanAmAtra aura kSaNa, lava, muhUrtta Adi kalApamAtra kAla hai| [ kha ] bauddha dhArA prazna hai ki arthakriyAsAmarthya hI vastu kA lakSaNa hai, vaha arthakriyA kSaNika aura utpAda samanantara vinAzasvabhAva nitAnta asthira vastu meM kaise ghaTita ho sakatI hai ? pUrvavartI kAraNa sAmagrI se anantaravartI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, vaha ghaTanAmAtra, utpAdamAtra, kriyAmAtra yA gatimAtra hI vastu hai, koI atirikta kAraka nahIM haiN| isa ghaTanApravAha meM hI kAla kI prajJapti hotI hai| - 1. kSaNikAH sarvasaMskArA asthirANAM kutaH kriyA / bhUtiryeSAM kriyA saiva kArakaM saiva cocyate / / tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR. 14 prathamabhAga / dra.

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva vastu apane kAraNoM se vinAzasvabhAva hI utpanna hotI haiN| ve utpatti ke lie to kAraNa kI apekSA karatI haiM, kintu nAza yA bhaGga ke lie kisI kI apekSA nahIM karatI, kyoMki bhaGga to unakA svabhAva hI hai| isa taraha kAryakAraNa paramparA sarvadA calatI rahatI hai| yahI pratItyasamutpAda siddhAnta hai| isIlie bhagavAn kAlavAdI haiN| sthaviravAda sthaviravAdI matAnusAra kAla eka dravyasat dharma nahIM, apitu prajJaptisat dharma hai| prajJapti bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai--prajJapyamAna prajJapti aura prajJApana prjnypti| prajJapyamAna prajJapti 'arthaprajJapti' bhI kahalAtI hai| jo dharma avidyamAna hote hue bhI vidyamAna pAramArthika dharmoM ke bala se kalpanAbuddhi yA manovijJAna ke viSaya hote haiM, ve arthaprajJapti yA prajJapyamAna prajJapti haiN| isake aneka bheda haiM, yathA-santAna prajJapti, samUha prajJapti aadi| zabda sunane ke bAda jo viSaya buddhi meM AbhAsita hotA hai, vaha prajJApana prajJapti yA zabdaprajJapti kahalAtA hai| isa taraha kAla arthaprajJapti yA prajJapyamAna prajJapti ke antargata gRhIta hotA hai| utpAda-sthiti-bhaGgAtmaka kSaNika dharma hI inake matAnusAra pAramArthika dharma hote haiN| vastutaH dharma hI atIta, anAgata yA pratyutpanna hote haiM, inake atirikta koI 'kAla' nAmaka padArtha vastusat nahIM hai| isIlie inake mata meM kAla eka prajJaptisat dharma mAnA gayA hai| yaha candra, sUrya, nakSatra Adi kI gati evaM parivartana kI apekSA se pUrvAhna, sAyAhna, divasa, rAtri Adi ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA hai tathA ahorAtra Adi kAlasaJcaya kI apekSA se mAsa, saMvatsara Adi ke rUpa meM vyavahata hotA hai| isa prakAra utpAda, sthiti, bhaGgAtmaka kriyA hI inake mata meM 'kAla' hai| isase atirikta 'kAla' nAmaka koI dravyasat vidyamAna padArtha nahIM hai dhammasaMgaNi-mUlaTIkA meM bhI kahA gayA hai___"kAlo hi cittaparicchinno sabhAvato avijjamAno pi AdhArabhAvena saJjAto adhikaraNaM ti vutto'| 1. dra.-dIghanikAya pAli, 3 bhAga, pR. 104 (naalndaasNskrnn)| 2. taM taM upAdAya patto kAlo vohaarmttko| puJjo phassAdidhammAnaM samUhoti vibhaavito|| dra.- aTThasAlinI, pR. 49 / 3. dra.-dhammasaMgaNi-mUlaTIkA evaM anuTIkA, pR. 110 (saM.saM.vi.vi. 1988)

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66 zramaNavidyA-3 isa taraha isa mata meM kAla kI pAramArthika sattA mAnya nahIM hai| usakI kevala prajJaptisattA hI mAnya hai| vaibhASika mata bAhya, AdhyAtmika, atIta, anAgata, pratyutpanna Adi sabhI saMskRta dharmoM kI dravyasattA mAnane ke kAraNa kucha bauddha sarvAstivAdI yA vaibhASika kahalAte haiN| 'sarva' kA tAtparya bAraha Ayatana aura tInoM kAloM se haiM / 'adhva' zabda kAla kA paryAyavAcI hai| yadyapi atIta, anAgata, pratyutpanna tInoM adhvoM meM ve dharmoM kA astitva svIkAra karate haiM, phira bhI saMskRta dharmoM se bhinna kisI 'kAla' nAmaka padArtha kA astitva ve bhI svIkAra nahIM krte| isIlie inake mata meM 'adhva' zabda saMskRta kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| dharma hI atIta anAgata Adi hote haiM, unase atirikta atIta, anAgata Adi kAla kI sattA nahIM hai| saMskRta dharmoM se abhinna hone ke kAraNa saMskRta dharmoM kI bhA~ti kAla ko bhI inheM dravyasat dharma mAnanA caahie| rUpa, citta, cittasamprayukta (caitasika), cittaviprayukta evaM nirvANa nAmaka pA~ca dharmoM kI vastusattA vaibhASika mata meM mAnya hai| 14 cittaviprayukta dharmoM meM kAla kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| isIlie ye loga kAla ko saMskAra skandha, dharmAyatana aura dharmadhAtu meM pariNaganA karate haiN| 14 cittaviprayukta dharmoM meM eka jIvitendriya hai| yaha traidhAtuka dharmoM kI Ayu hai| Ayu, USmA aura vijJAna jaba zarIra ko chor3a dete haiM to yaha zarIra kASTha ke samAna acetana ho jAtA hai| ina tInoM dharmoM meM Ayu hI zeSa donoM dharmoM (USmA aura vijJAna) kA AdhAra hotI hai| isIlie Ayu 'sthiti-hetu' bhI kahalAtI hai| sautrAntika dArzanika 'karma' ko Ayu, USmA aura vijJAna tInoM kA AdhAra mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki karma ke AdhAra para jaba sArI vyavasthA ThIkaThIka baiTha jAtI hai to eka 'Ayu' nAmaka dravyAntara kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai| kintu vaibhASikoM kA kahanA hai ki USmA aura vijJAna kA AdhAra 'Ayu' nAmaka eka pRthak dravya avazya hotA hai| isa prakAra cittaviprayuktoM meM parigaNita hone 1. sarvamastIti brAhmaNa, yAvadeva dvaadshaaytnaaniiti| dr.-dvaadshaaytnsuutr| 2. te puna: saMskRtA dharmA ruupaadiskndhpnyckm| ta evAdhvA kthaavstu..........|| dra.-abhi.koza, 1:7 /

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva ke kAraNa inake mata meM yadyapi kAla kI dravyasattA hai, phira bhI saMskRta dharmo se bhinna usakI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| kAla skandhasvabhAva hI hai| tairthika loga jaise sabhI dharmoM ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM kAla kI vastunirapekSa svatantra evaM nitya dravya sattA svIkAra karate haiM, vaisI kAla kI sattA isa mata meM mAnya nahIM hai| divasa, mAsa, Rtu, saMvatsara Adi ke rUpa meM jo kAla kI sattA hai, vaha to nitAnta vyAvahArika evaM prAjJaptika hai| sautrAntika __isa mata meM bhI kAla kI vastunirapekSa svatantra sattA mAnya nahIM hai| kAla eka 'citta viprayukta' saMskAra nAmaka prajJaptisat dharma hai| cittaviprayukta saMskAra ve dharma hote haiM, jo paramArthasat (dravyasat) dharmoM ko AdhAra banAkara prajJapta hote haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki ghaTa Adi dharmo kI jo utpAda, bhaGga Adi kriyAeM haiM, unameM hI kAla kI prajJapti hotI hai| vastuta: vahI ghaTa kA kAla hai| sUrya, candra, nakSatra Adi kI gati evaM parivartana ko AdhAra banAkara kSaNa, lava, muhUrta, ahorAtra, mAsa, Rtu, saMvatsara Adi kA vyavahAra hotA hai| ghaTa Adi vastu se bhinna kAla kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| yadi vastu se bhinna kAla kI sattA nahIM hai to kAla kI vyavasthA kaise kI jA sakegI? yadyapi kAla vastu se bhinna sarvathA nahIM hai, tathApi savikalpa buddhi meM vaha vastu se bhinnatvena pratibhAsita hotA hai| usa pratibhAsa meM vastu kA kucha bhI aMza nahIM hotA, phira bhI buddhi kI usa pratIti ko abhrAnta mAnakara bauddhetara dArzanika kAla kI svatantra rUpa se sattA mAna lete haiN| kAlaviSayaka vaha buddhi nizcaya hI nirvikalpa jJAna nahIM hai, isalie vaha buddhi abhrAnta bhI nahIM hai, api tu bhrAnta hai| kalpanA-buddhi meM sarvadA arthasadRza arthapratinimna tathA zabda sunane se utpanna pratibimba bhAsita huA karatA hai| vaha pratibhAsa vastulakSaNazUnya hone para bhI vastusadRza hone ke kAraNa bhrAnti se vastu ke rUpa meM gRhIta hotA hai| dArzanika cintana kA yahI sthala mahattvapUrNa kendra-bindu hai| isakA samyagjJAna na hone ke kAraNa dArzanikoM meM matabheda utpanna hote haiN| kAla kI bhI vastu se bhinnatvena pratIti kalpanA buddhi meM hotI hai, kintu bhinnatvena pratIta vaha AbhAsa nitAnta kAlpanika hai, vaha AbhAsa nizcaya hI vastusthiti nahIM hai| usa AbhAsa

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68 zramaNavidyA-3 kA vastu se koI sAkSAt sambandha bhI nahIM hai| usakA AkAra nitAnta Aropita hai| isIlie bauddha kAla kI svatantra sattA kA niSedha karate haiM tathA use saMskRta kA paryAyavAcI mAnate haiN| vartamAna hI vastusat sautrAntika mata meM atIta aura anAgata kI bilakula sattA nahIM hai| kevala vartamAna meM hI vastu kA arthakriyAkAritva lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai, ata: kevala vartamAna kI hI sattA mAnya hai| hetupratyayasAmagrI kI anupasthiti yA asamagratA se jo vastu ke utpAda kA abhAva hai, vahI usakA anAgata honA hai tathA vartamAna sattA kA nirodha yA sajAtIya santati kA uccheda usakA atIta honA hai| hetu-pratyayoM kI parasparApekSa yA hetu-pratyaya sAmagrI kI samavadhAnatA se vastu kA jo AtmalAbha hai, vaha pratyutpanna yA vartamAna honA kahalAtA hai| usI meM arthakriyAkAritva hai| ata: usI kI vastusattA hai| atIta aura anAgata kI mAtra prajJaptisattA hai| skandha, Ayatana dhAtu ke antargata gRhIta kucha dharma aise bhI hote haiM, jinakI prajJaptisattA hone para bhI unameM arthakriyAkAritva hotA hai, ata: sautrAntika unakI vastusattA mAnate hai; yathA--cittaviprayukta saMskAra, santati, anityatA aadi| yadyapi inakI svatantra dravyasattA nahIM hai, phira bhI unameM arthakriyAkAritva hai| atIta aura anAgata meM arthakriyAkAritva kA bhI abhAva hai| ata: unameM na kevala dravyasattA kA hI abhAva hai, apitu vastutva kA bhI abhAva hai| unakA AkAra kalpanA dvArA nitAnta Aropita mAtra hai| isa kAraNa ve abhAvamAtra yA prajJapti mAtra haiN| vipratipattinirAsa jJAta hai ki vaibhASika dArzanika tInoM kAloM kA astitva svIkAra karate haiN| phalataH ve sautrAntikoM para aneka prakAra ke AkSepa karate haiN| sautrAntika una AkSepoM kA apanI dRSTi se parihAra karate haiN| ina donoM prasthAnoM ke ye AkSepa parihAra dilacaspa ho sakate haiM, ata: unakA yahA~ saMkSepa meM nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. vaibhASika atIta aura anAgata kA astitva hai, isIlie zrutavAn AryazrAvaka atIta rUpa Adi ke prati nirapekSa hotA hai| anAgata rUpa Adi kA abhinandana nahIM karatA tathA pratyutpanna rUpa Adi ke nirodha ke lie pratipanna hotA hai| yadi aisA na hogA to vairAgya kA abhyAsa sambhava na ho skegaa| apanI isa bAta ke samarthana meM ve buddhavacana prastuta karate haiM, tathA hi

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva "atItaM ced bhikSavo rUpaM nAbhaviSyat, na zrutavAn AryazrAvako'tIte ruupe'npeksso'bhvissyt| yasmAttarhi astyatItaM rUpaM tasmAt zrutavAnAryazrAvako'tIte rUpe'napekSo bhvti| anAgataM ced rUpaM nAbhaviSyat na zrutavAnAryazrAvako'nAgataM rUpaM naabhinndissyt"| yasmAttarhi astyanAgataM rUpam, tasmAt zrutavAnAryazrAvako 'nAgataM rUpa nAbhinandiSyati' / sautrAntika Apa isa buddhavacana se jo atIta, anAgata kI sattA siddha karanA cAhate haiM, yaha kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa buddha ke abhiprAya ko samajhate hI nahIM haiN| bhagavAn buddha isa vacana se kevala hetu kA pahale honA aura bAda meM phala kA avazya honA mAtra dikhalAnA cAhate haiN| isa vacana ke dvArA bhagavAn una logoM kI mithyA dRSTi kA nivAraNa karanA cAhate haiM, jo hetu aura phala kA apavAda karate haiN| 2. vaibhASika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki do kI apekSA se vijJAna kA utpAda hotA hai, jaise cakSu aura rUpa kI apekSA se cakSurvijJAna kA utpAda hotA hai| isI taraha mana indriya aura dharma kI apekSA se manovijJAna kA utpAda hotA hai| yadi atIta, anAgata rUpa Adi na hoMge to unako Alambana banAkara do (mana aura dharma) kI apekSA se manovijJAna kA utpAda na ho skegaa| ata: atIta, anAgata rUpa Adi haiN| sautrAntika Apane atIta, anAgata rUpa Adi kI siddhi ke lie 'dvayaM pratItya vijJAnasyotpAdaH' isa bhagavad vacana ko jo pramANa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai, usase bhI Apake manoratha kI siddhi na ho skegii| pahale yaha vicAraNIya hai ki atIta, anAgata rUpa Adi manovijJAna ke janaka-pratyaya haiM athavA Alambana-pratyaya haiM? yadi ve janaka-pratyaya haiM to kyoM ve manovijJAna ko saikar3oM hajAroM varSoM ke anantara utpanna kareMge? kyoM nahIM isI samaya tatkAla utpanna karate? isakA Apake pAsa kyA jabAba hai? yadi atIta, anAgata rUpa Adi Alambana mAtra hai to hamArA isase koI virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki atIta, anAgata kA Alambana mAtra hameM mAnya hai| 1. dra.-abhidharmakozabhASya, pR. 804 (bauddhbhaartii-sNskrnn)|

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70 zramaNavidyA-3 prazna hai yadi atIta, anAgata rUpa Adi nahIM hI haiM to ve AlambanamAtra bhI kaise ho sakeMge? yaha sahI hai, yadyapi ve vartamAna kI taraha to gRhIta nahIM hoMge, kintu kalpanA, smRti Adi ke ve Alambana hoNge| 'pahale yaha thA, bAda meM yaha hogA' ityAdi ke rUpa meM ve smRti aura kalpanA ke Alambana hoNge| 3. vaibhASika bhagavAn ne atIta, anAgata aura pratyutpanna ina tInoM kAloM ke rUpoM ko ekatra saMgRhIta kara 'yaha rUpaskandha hai' aisA kahA hai| yadi atIta, anAgata rUpoM kI sattA na mAnI jAegI to sUtravirodha hogA? sautrAntika-mithyA saMjJA aura mithyA vikalpoM kA anuvartana kara bhagavAn ne vaisA kahA hai, na ki unakI dravyata: sattA kA anuvartana kara vaisA kahA hai| rUpa kA lakSaNa hai--pratighAta krnaa| atIta aura anAgata rUpoM meM vaha lakSaNa hI ghaTita nahIM hotA, ata: ve rUpa kaise ho sakate haiN| atIta aura anAgata rUpoM kI jaba sattA hI siddha nahIM hai to ve anitya bhI kaise ho sakate haiN| isalie bhagavad-vacana ke abhiprAya kA anveSaNa karanA caahie| 4. vaibhASika __vijJeya ke hone para hI vijJAna kA utpAda hotA hai| ata: vijJAnoM ke viSaya ko avazya sat honA caahie| yadi atIta aura anAgata viSaya na hoMge to unako Alambana banAkara manovijJAna kA utpAda hI nahIM ho skegaa| kintu atIta, anAgata ko viSaya banAne vAlA manovijJAna hotA hai| ata: atIta, anAgata kI sattA siddha hai? ___ sautrAntika-yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki vijJAna ke viSaya ko avazya sat honA caahie| asat (avidyamAna) ko bhI Alambana banAkara vijJAna kA utpAda dekhA jAtA hai| mada se matta puruSa avidyamAna vastu ko bhI vidyamAna kI taraha dekhate haiN| svapna meM bhI asat ko Alambana banAkara vijJAna utpanna hote hue dekhA jAtA hai| punazca, yadi atIta evaM anAgata hoMge to ve avazya nirhetuka aura nitya hoMge aura aisA honA sambhava nahIM hai| ata: atIta aura anAgata nahIM hI hote, api ca, bhAva aura abhAva donoM vijJAna ke viSaya hote haiN| bhAva vartamAna avasthA meM tathA abhAva atIta aura anAgata avasthA meM vijJAna ke

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva viSaya hote haiN| yadi vijJAna ke viSaya sarvadA sat hI hoM to isa vicAra ke lie koI avasara hI nahIM rahegA ki 'yaha dharma sat hai yA asat' / ataH atIta aura anAgata asat hI hai| 5. vaibhASika atIta kuzala aura akuzala karma hote haiM, kyoMki bhaviSya meM unakA iSTa-aniSTa phala dekhA jAtA hai| jaba phala kI utpatti hotI hai, usa kAla meM karma pratyutpanna to hotA nahIM, yadi atIta kI bhI sattA na mAnI jAegI to karma - karmaphala kI sArI vyavasthA hI TUTa jAegI / ataH atIta kI sattA avazya mAnanI caahie| sautrAntika- - hama atIta karma, jo niruddha ho cukA hai, usa se bhaviSya meM phala kI utpatti nahIM mAnate tathA karma-karmaphala vyavasthA kA apavAda (niSedha) bhI nahIM krte| hama to karma, jo ki cetanA hai, usakA santati ke rUpa meM aisA pariNamana honA svIkAra karate haiM, jisase bhaviSya meM phala kI utpatti hotI hai / jisa prakAra atIta aura niruddha bIja se phala kI utpatti nahIM hotI, api tu bIja kI santati calatI rahatI hai, usameM kramaza: aGkura, patra, kANDa (tanA) Adi pariNamita hote rahate haiM aura anta meM phala kA utpAda hotA hai| prArambha meM bIja ne jo phalotpAda kA sAmarthya nihita kiyA thA, usI se paramparayA phala kA utpAda hotA hai, usI prakAra karma dvArA sthApita sAmarthya ke vaza se paramparayA phala kI utpatti hotI hai| aisA bilakula nahIM hai ki phala kI utpatti hone taka atIta karma kahIM alaga vidyamAna rahatA ho| vaha to apane anantaravartI citta meM sAmarthya paidA kara niruddha ho jAtA hai| isa taraha paramparayA usase phala kI utpatti hotI hai| phalataH atIta aura anAgata dravyataH sat nahIM haiN| vaibhASika 6. 71 bhagavAn buddha aura samAhita Arya pudgaloM ko atIta aura anAgata kA pratyakSa ke samAna spaSTa avabodha hotA hai, ataH atIta, anAgata kI sattA hai ? sautrAntika-- pratItyasamutpAda ke samyag jJAtA hone ke kAraNa bhagavAn buddha aura samAhita Arya pudgaloM ko hetu aura phala kA abhrAnta aura spaSTa jJAna hotA hai| isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki atIta aura anAgata dharmoM kI dravyasattA hone ke kAraNa ve unakA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN| samAdhi ke bala se aura

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72 zramaNavidyA-3 AryajJAna ke bala se ve avidyamAna bhI atIta, anAgata kA usI prakAra vyAkhyAna karate haiM, jisa prakAra atIta aura niruddha dharma smRti ke bala se jAne jAte haiN| smRti kA viSaya sat nahIM hotA-ise to sabhI bauddha svIkAra karate haiN| 7. vaibhASika yadi anAgata kI sattA na hogI to yogiyoM kA praNidhijJAna yathArtha na ho skegaa| anAgata kAla meM prApta honevAle kAya, kSetra, parivAra, guNa Adi yogiyoM ke praNidhAna ke viSaya hote haiN| avidyamAna bandhyAputra Adi kA to koI praNidhAna nahIM karatA? isalie anAgata avazya siddha hai| sautrAntika-yogiyoM ke praNidhAna ke vaza se bhI anAgata kI siddhi sambhava nahIM hai| utpAda se pahale anAgata vastu svarUpataH vidyamAna nahIM ho sktii| yadi avidyamAna kA bhI yogiyoM ko pratyakSa hogA, to vandhyAputra Adi bhI unake pratyakSa ke viSaya hone lageMge, kyoMki donoM kA svarUpataH asat honA samAna hI hai| unameM se eka kA pratyakSa ho aura dUsare kA nahIM, isameM kyA yukti hai? ata: anAgata kA sadbhAva siddha nahIM hai| 8. vaibhASika yadi anAgata kA astitva na mAnA jAegA to hetu-pratyayoM se vartamAna kA janma na ho skegaa| yadi anAgata aGkura na ho to kaise vaha bIja se paidA hogA? yadi aGkara bIja se sarvathA asambaddha ho to use agni indhana Adi se bhI paidA ho jAnA caahie| jo padArtha sarvathA asat hotA hai, usakA pahale yA pIche kabhI bhI utpAda sambhava nahIM hai| anyathA Apako vandhyAputra kA bhI janma mAnanA pdd'egaa| ata: anAgata kA astitva siddha hai| sautrAntika-yadi anAgata kA astitva mAnA jAegA to phira usakA puna: utpAda vyartha hogaa| vidyamAna ke puna: utpAda kA koI prayojana bhI nahIM hai| yadi vidyamAna kA bhI utpAda mAnA jAegA to hamezA utpAda hote rahane kA prasaGga hogaa| yadi anAgata meM dharma vidyamAna hai to yaha jagat puruSArthazUnya aura nirhetuka ho jAegA, kintu jagat aisA nahIM hai| puruSakAra ke abhAva meM jAgatika pratItyasamutpAda kA bhI abhAva ho jaaegaa| phalata: samasta jagat kharaviSANa kI bhA~ti tuccha ho jaaegaa| phalata: anAgata kA astitva nahIM mAnanA hI nyAyasaGgata hai|

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bauddhadarzana meM kAlatattva upasaMhAra yadi vastuoM kA tInoM kAloM meM sadbhAva mAnA jAegA to unakI utpatti evaM vinAza sambhava na hogA, arthAt ve nitya hoNge| jo rUpa, vedanA Adi dharma vartamAna haiM, unhIM meM arthakriyAkAritva dekhA jAtA hai| vartamAna rUpa meM hI rUpa kA lakSaNa yAne pratighAta karanA vidyamAna hotA hai| isalie vartamAna kI hI sattA hai| jo dharma arthakriyA se zUnya hai, usakI svalakSaNa sattA mAnI nahIM jA sakatI / atIta agni jalAne kI arthakriyA nahIM karatI, ataH vaha vastutaH agni nahIM hai| isI taraha jala, ghaTa Adi anya dharmoM ke bAre meM bhI jAnanA caahie| yadi atIta, anAgata dharma arthakriyA se yukta hoMge to ve vartamAna hI ho jAeMge / sabhI dharma pratItyasamutpanna haiM / jo pratItyasamutpanna nahIM haiM arthAt nirhetuka haiM, unakI sattA mAnI nahIM jA sktii| yadi anAgata kI sattA mAnI jAegI to kumbhakAra kI ghaTa nirmANa kI ceSTA vyartha hogii| saMskRta dharmoM ke sabhI lakSaNa vartamAna meM hI ghaTita hote haiM, ataH kevala vartamAna hI sat hai / vartamAna ke Azraya se atIta, anAgata kI prajJapti hotI hai, ata: unakI prajJapti sattA hai / pUrvAnubhUta vastu kA smaraNa hotA hai / isalie bhrAnti se atIta kI sattA pratIta hotI hai| yahI sthiti anAgata kI bhI hai| kAla nAmaka padArtha kA astitva nahIM hai| saMskRta dharmoM kI dravyasattA kAlika dRSTi se nahIM hai| saMskRta dharmoM ke utpAda, sthiti bhaGga kI avasthAoM meM hI kAla prajJapta hotA hai| kucha prajJaptisat dharma cittaviprayukta saMskAroM meM gRhIta hote haiM / phalataH ve saMskAra-skandha, dharmAyatana aura dharmadhAtu meM saMgRhIta hote haiN| kAla bhI eka dharmAyatana aura dharmadhAtu meM saMgRhIta hote haiM / kAla bhI eka prajJaptisat dharma hai| kAla saMskRta kA paryAyavAcI hai / kSaNa, lava, muhUrta, divasa, rAtri, Adi usake vyAvahArika bheda haiN| vartamAna hI vastusat hai / 73

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bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra : eka anuzIlana pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA AcArya evaM adhyakSa, pAli evaM theravAda vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI bhagavAn buddha ne jisa dharma kA pravartana kiyA use bauddhadharma kahate haiN| mahAkAruNika bhagavAn buddha ne prANiyoM ko karuNAcakSu se dekhA aura unake kalyANa ke lie mArga kA nirdeza kiyaa| usa mArga ko madhyamamArga kahA jAtA hai| madhyama mArga vizuddhi kA mArga hai, du:khanirodha kA mArga hai| yaha ATha aGgoM se samupeta hai| ve haiM samyak dRSTi, samyak saMkalpa, samyak vacana, samyak karma, samyak AjIvikA, samyak vyAyAma (prayatna), samyak smRti evaM samyak smaadhi| ina mArgoM ke samyak AcaraNa se mAnava paramotkarSa ko prApta kara sakatA hai tathA mAnavatA ke guNoM se vibhUSita ho sakatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki 'darzana kI vizuddhi ke lie yahI ekamAtra mArga hai, tuma isI mArga para calo, yaha mAra ko bhI mohita karane vAlA mArga hai| yaha mArga zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA ina tIna aGgoM se yukta hai| zIla (sadAcAra) ke samAdAna se manuSya mAnavatA ke guNoM se samalaMkRta ho jAtA hai| zIlavAn manuSya samAdara kA pAtra hotA hai aura sva-para kalyANa se samupeta hotA hai| svarNAlaMkAroM se susajjita eka rAjA kI utanI zobhA nahIM hotI jitanI zobhA zIlAlaMkAra se suzobhita eka yati (bhikSu) kI hotI hai / yaha dharma AcaraNa kI zuddhatA ko sarvocca Adarza svIkAra karatA hai| AcAravAn manuSya samAja ke dvArA pUjita evaM satkRta hotA hai, tathA mAnavatA ke guNoM se samalaMkRta ho mAnavamAtra kA hita, sukha aura kalyANa karatA huA zAntapada kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai| yaha dharma sabhI akuzala karmoM kA 1. esova maggo natthaJo dassanassa visuddhiyA / etaM hi tumhe paTipajjatha mArassetaM pamohanaM / / (dha.pa. gA.saM. 294) 2. sobhantevaM na rAjAno muttAmaNivibhUsitA / yathA sobhanti yatino sIlabhUsanabhUsitA / / (vi.ma., pR. 11)

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bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra : eka anuzIlana 75 tyAga, sampUrNa kuzala karmoM kA saMcayana aura citta kI nirmalatA ke dvArA mAnava ko sarvadA sanmArga para calane kI preraNA pradAna karatA hai| yaha dharma, maitrI, karuNA, zAnti, sadbhAva evaM samAnatA kA sandeza detA hai| tyAga, prema, brahmacarya, satyavAditA Adi guNoM se yukta manuSya sarvahita aura sarvasukha pradAna karane ke lie yatnavAn rahatA hai| mAnavIya guNoM ke samuccaya ko mAnavatA kahate haiM tathA usake 'vAda' athavA 'siddhAnta' ko maanvtaavaad| mAnavatA eka viziSTa paddhati, vicAravidhi athavA kriyA hai, jisameM mAnava mAtra ke jIvanamUlyoM, hitoM tathA garimA, mahimA Adi kI vicAraNA naitika kartavyoM ke sandarbha meM kI jAtI hai| mAnava cintanazIla prANI hai, mananazIla hai, vivekI hai, ata: jisake cintana meM nirvairatA, udAratA, AtmopamatA, sadAzayatA, paropakAritA, sahiSNutA, sumanaskatA, kSamAzIlatA, dayAlutA Adi kI paramodAtta bhAvanAe~ samAhita haiM, vahI mAnava hai aura vahI mAnavatA ke guNadharmoM se anuprANita hai| bauddhadharma meM ina guNoM kI carcA sarvatra pAyI jAtI hai| mAnavatA kA mUla nirvairatA hai| AtmopamatA kI bhAvanA ke vidyamAna hone para hI nirvairatA janma letI hai| dUsaroM ke sAtha prema evaM maitrI bhAvanA se vaira virodha upazamita ho jAte haiN| kyoMki vaira se vaira zAnta nahIM hotA varan avaira se vaira zAnta hotA hai, yaha sanAtana niyama hai| ata: prema, sahAnubhUti evaM maitrI kI bhAvanA mAnavatA ke paricAyaka haiN| nirvaira vahI hai jo sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhakara maitrIbhAvanA se anuprANita hai| tripiTaka meM yaha dhAraNA sarvatra vyakta kI gaI hai ki 'dUsaroM para vijaya kI AkAMkSA zatrutA ko janma detI hai| yuddha, saMgharSa aura hiMsA se koI samasyA nahIM sulajhatI varan isase bhaya, saMtrAsa evaM pratirodha kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| dveSa ke kAraNa hI pratihiMsA kI bhAvanA janma letI hai| ata: dveSa ko dUra karane ke lie maitrI bhAvanA kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| kyoMki vijaya ghRNA evaM vaira ko janma detA hai tathA parAjita duHkhI hotA hai; isalie upazAnta manuSya jaya, parAjaya ko chor3akara zAnta rahatA hai 1. sabbapApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasampadA / sacitta pariyodapanaM etaM buddhAnasAsanaM / / (dha.pa.) 2. nahi verena verAni sammantIdhakudAcanaM / ___ averena hi sammanti esa dhammo sanantano / / (dha.pa.)

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76 zramaNavidyA-3 'jayaM varaM pasavati, dukkhaM seti parAjito / upasanto sukhaM seti hitvA jayaparAjayaM / / nirvairatA se hI svastha evaM viprasanna samAja kI parikalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| vairabhAva ke vidyamAna rahane se mAnava mana udvigna,upadruta tathA krodhaparyAkula banA rahatA hai| ata: nirvairatA, mitratA, avihiMsatA, sarvabhUtahitaiSitA Adi divyabhAvanA mAnavatA ke poSaka tattva haiN| ina divyaguNoM se yukta manuSya sabakA kalyANa ke lie tatpara rahatA hai| tripiTaka meM krodha ko akrodha se, asAdhutA ko sAdhutA se, dAna se kRpaNatA ko tathA satya se asatya ko jItane kI dezanA dI gaI hai / ata: akrodha, sAdhutA, saralatA, tyAga evaM satyavAditA mAnavatA ke prakarSa guNa haiN| ahiMsA hI Arya kA lakSaNa hai| "ahiMsA sabbapANAnaM ariyo ti pvuccti'| AtmopamatA hI usakA sAdhana hai| kisI ko bhayabhIta nahIM karanA cAhie, kisI bhI prANI ko duHkhI nahIM banAnA cAhie, kisI ko satAnA nahIM cAhie-yahI ahiMsA hai| kAya, mana evaM vacana se kisI bhI jIva ko kaSTa nahIM denA caahie| kyoMki jisa prakAra duHkha mujhe priya nahIM hai usI prakAra kisI bhI prANI ko du:kha priya nahIM hai, aisA socakara na kisI ko mAranA cAhie na kisI ko satAnA caahie| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai 'sabbe tasanti daNDassa, sabbesaM jIvitaM piyaM / attAnaM upamaM katvA na haneyya na ghAtaye / / yo pANamatipAteti musAvAdaM ca bhAsati / loke adinnaM Adiyati paradAraM ca gacchati / / surAmerayapAnaM ca yo naro anuyuJjati / idhevameso lokasmiM mUlaM khaNati attano / / 1. dhammapada-gA.saM. 201 / 2. akkodhena jine kodhaM, asAdhu sAdhunA jine / / jine kadariyaM dAnena, saccenAlIkavAdinaM / / (dha.pa. 223) 3. dha.pa., gA. 270 / 4. dha.pa.,gAthA-saM. 246,247 /

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bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra : eka anuzIlana 77 jo hiMsA karatA hai, mRSAvAdI hai, vinA diye le letA hai, parastrI para burI najara rakhatA hai, mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana karatA hai vaha manuSya isI loka meM apanI jar3a ko svayaM kATa detA hai| ata: ahiMsA, satyavAditA, tyAga evaM brahmacarya manuSya kA alaMkAra hai, inase yukta manuSya mAnavatA ke guNoM se yukta samajhA jAtA hai| ahiMsA na kevala hiMsA tathA parapIr3ana kI varjanA hai, api tu zAnti, maitrI, muditA evaM sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA hai| __ bhagavAn buddha ne zIla kI zikSA dI hai| sundara AcaraNa hI zIla hai| sadAcaraNa evaM sumAnasikatA mAnavatA ke paramotkarSa guNa haiN| zIla kI sarvazreSTha gandha digadiganta ko surabhita karatI hai| candanaM tagaraM vApi, uppalaM athavassikI / etesaM gandhajAtAnaM sIlagandho anuttaro / / appamatto ayaM gantho yAyaM tagaracandanI / yo ca sIlavataM gandho vAti devesu uttamo / / jo zIlasampanna, apramAdavihArI tathA prajJAyukta hai unake mArga ko pAnA mAra ke lie bhI kaThina hai / ____satsaMgati mAnava ke abhyudaya kA mUla hai| bhagavAn buddha ne sajjanoM kI saMgati meM rahane kI preraNA dI hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki vicaraNa karate yadi apane se zreSTha athavA apane samAna vyakti ko na pAyeM, to dRr3hatA ke sAtha akelA hI vicaraNa kareM, mUoM kI sahAyatA na leM caraJce nAdhigaccheyya seyyaM sdismttno| ekaJcariya dalahaM kayirA, natthi bAle sahAyatA / / zIlavipanna (duHzIla) aura ekAgratArahita (asamAhita) ke sau varSa jIne se zIlavAn aura dhyAnI kA eka dina kA jIvana zreSTha hai| yo ca vassasataM jIve dussIlo asamAhito / ekAhaM jIvitaM seyyo sIlavantassa tAyino / / 2. dha.pa., gAthA-saM. 55,56 / 1. dha.pa., gAthA-saM. 54; 3. tesaM saMpannasIlAnaM appamAdavihArinaM / sammadajJAvimuttAnaM, mAro maggaM naM vindati / / 4. dha.pa., gAthA-saM. 61; 5. dha.pa., gAthA-saM. 110 /

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78 zramaNavidyA-3 satsaMgati kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm' ke anusAra satsaMgati jIvana ko paramodAtta banAtI hai| dhammapada meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki yadi sAtha calane vAlA koI jJAnI athavA anubhavI sAthI na mile to jaise parAjita rAjA vijita rASTra ko chor3akara akelA hI araNya meM dhUmatA hai, vaise hI akelA vicaraNa kreN| 'no te labhetha nipakaM sahAyaM, saddhiM caraM sAdhuvihArI dhIraM / rAjAva raTuM vijitaM pahAya, eko care mAtaGgara va nAgo' / / bhagavAn buddha ne karma evaM karmaphala ke mahattva ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| manuSya apane karmoM kA dAyAda hai, karmayoni, karma pratizaraNa hai| karma se hI manuSya praNIta athavA hIna ho sakatA hai| manuSya karma se usI prakAra ba~dhA hai, jaise rathacakra aroM se ba~dhA rahatA hai| ___kammanibandhanA sattA rathassANIva jaayto| __ ata: puNyakarmoM kA saMcaya aura pApakarmoM kA parihAra vAMchanIya hai| "sabhI pApoM kA na karanA, kAyika, vAcasika tathA mAnasika pApoM se sarvathA virata rahanA, sabhI kuzala evaM anavadya karmoM kA sampAdana karanA tathA apane citta ko vizodhana karate rahanA" yahI buddhazAsana hai| sabbapApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasampadA / sacittapariyodapanaM etaM buddhAnasAsanaM / / / sahanazIlatA aura kSamAzIlatA parama tapa hai-"khantI paramaM tapotitikkhA" bauddhadharma AcaraNa kI zuddhatA para bala detA hai| lobha, dveSa, mohAdi akuzala karmoM ke tyAga se manuSya kA mana nirmala ho jAtA hai| isa nirmala mana se kiye gaye kuzala karmoM se AcAra kI zuddhatA iSTa hai, ata: satya, dhArmika AcaraNa dhairya evaM tyAga kA anuzaraNa karane vAlA manuSya zoka nahIM krtaa| 1. dha.pa. gAthA, saM. 329 / sAdhudassanamariyAnaM sannivAso sadA sukho| adassanenabAlAnaM niccameva sukhI siyaa|| bAlasaMgaticArI ca diighmddhaansocti| dukkho bAlehi saMvAso amitteneva sbbdaa|| dha.pa. 206,207 / 2. ma.ni. 3,280 3. khu. 1,368, a.sA. pR. 164 /

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bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra : eka anuzIlana 79 yassete caturo dhammA, saddhassa gharamesino / saccaM dhammodhiti cAgo sa ve pecca na socati / / sAra ko sAra samajhanA, asAra ko asAra, dharmAcaraNa karanA, pramAda se virata rahanA, satata jAgarUka evaM kRtodyoga rahanA, satkarmoM meM zraddhA rakhanA, kSamAzIlatA ko Ayatta karanA tathA zuddhajIvI honA hI naitikatA hai aura yahI mAnavatA ke mahAn guNa haiN| bhagavAn buddha kI dezanA hai ki dUsaroM kI nindA aura dUsaroM kA ghAta na kareM 'anUpavAdo anuupghaato'| zIla, samAdhi aura prajJAsamupeta hone para hI manuSya prazaMsya hotA hai| Atmadamana paradamana kI apekSA zreyaskara hai| dAnta manuSyoM meM vahI zreSTha hai, jo dUsaroM ke vAgbANoM ko sahatA hai___danto seTTho manussesu yotivAkyaM titikhti'| manuSya dUsaroM ko jaisA upadeza karatA hai, vaisA use svayaM karanA cAhie-"attanA ce tathA kayirA ythnymnusaasti'| dUsaroM ke virodhI bAtoM para na to dhyAna deM aura na dUsaroM ke kRtAkRta kA avalokana kareM varan apane hI karttavyAkarttavya ko dekheN| na pare vilomAni na paresaM katAkataM / attano va avekkheyya, katAni akatAni ca / / jIvana kI paramotkarSatA ke lie citta praNidhAna Avazyaka hai| citta capala, caJcala, duHrakSya evaM durnivArya hai| aise citta ko vaza meM karanA kaThina hai, parantu niSThAvAn manuSya ko to mana para vijaya pAnA atyAvazyaka hai| Atmavijaya mAnavatA ko dRr3ha banAtA hai| citta vizodhana kI prakriyA meM zarIra aura jagat kI nazvaratA, kSaNabhaGgatA, jAgarUkatA, suvizuddha brahmacarya kA AcaraNa Adi kA sarvopari sthAna hai| prajJApravaNa evaM dhyAnaparAyaNa sAdhaka nirvANa ke samIpa hotA hai----"yamhi jhAnaM ca paJA ca, sa ve nibbAna sntike| vItatRSNa honA mAnavatA kA guNa hai| tRSNA mAnava kA mahAn zatru hai| tRSNA ke kAraNa bhaya evaM zoka hotA hai, kintu jo tRSNA se mukta hai use zoka - aura bhaya nahIM hotA 1. dha.pa., 183; 2. su.ni., pR. 46 / 3. phandanaM capalaM cittaM durakkhaM dunivaaryN| unuM karoti medhAvI usukAro va tejnN|| (dha.pa., gAthA 33)

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zramaNavidyA-3 taNhAya jAyate soko taNhAya jAyate bhayaM / taNhAya vipyamuttassa natthi soko kutobhayaM / / anitya aura duHkhabahula zarIra kI nissAratA kA bodha jaba manuSya ko ho jAtA hai, taba vaha sadA jAgarUka evaM kRtodyoga banatA hai| jAgarUkatA se apramAda sudRr3ha hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki apramAda ko amRtapada kahA gayA hai| ___ manuSya ko dhana saJcaya kI lAlasA para vijaya pAnA cAhie aura bhojana meM mAtrajJa honA caahie| jo isa prakAra ke AcaraNa se yukta hotA hai vaha AkAzacArI pakSI kI taraha saMsAra meM svacchanda vihAra karatA hai| usakI gati duranvayA hotI hai yesaM sannicayo natthi ye pariJAtabhojanA / suJato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro / / AkAse va sakuntAnaM gati tesaM durannayA / / Atmavijaya ko mAnavatA kA mahAn gaNa batalAyA gayA hai| vahI sabase bar3A yoddhA hai, jo AtmajetA hai| yuddha kSetra meM sahasroM manuSyoM ko jItane se zreSTha apane ko jItane vAlA hai yo sahassaM sahassena saMgAmemAnusejine / ekaM va jeyyamattAnaM sa ve saMgAmajuttamo / / mAnavatA ke vikAsa ke lie saMtoSa kA honA aparihArya hai| zarIra ko rogamukta rakhate hue saMtoSarUpI dhana ko bar3hAnA cAhie aura vizvAsa ko jJAti ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karanA caahie| Arogya paramAlAbhA santuTThiparamaM dhanaM / vissAsaparamA Ati nibbAnaM paramaM sukhaM / / 1. dha.pa. gAthA, 216 // 2. appamAdo amatapadaM pamAdo maccuno padaM / appamattA na mIyyanti ye pamattA yathA mtaa|| dha.pa.gA. 21 / 3. dha.pa. gAthA 92, aM.ni. 1 pR. 86 / / 4. dha.pa. gAthA 104 / 5. dha.pa. gAthA 204 /

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bauddhadharma meM mAnavatAvAdI vicAra : eka anuzIlana arthAt Arogya paramalAbha hai, saMtoSa parama dhana hai, vizvAsa parama jJAti hai, tathA nirvANa parama sukha hai| bauddhadharma meM maitrI, karuNA, muditA evaM upekSA bhAvanA ko brahmavihAra kahA jAtA hai| brahmavihAra zreSTha vihAra ko kahate haiN| ye cAra brahmavihAra mAnavatA ke utkarSa haiN| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrI kA vyavahAra, sabhI prANiyoM ke du:khoM ko dUra karane kI utkRSTa abhilASA, sabhI prANiyoM ke sukha evaM kalyANa ke prati prasannatA kI bhAvanA tathA sabhI sthitiyoM meM samAnabhAva rakhanA hI brahmavihAra hai| manuSya ina guNoM se samupeta ho paramojjvalatA ko prApta kara sakatA hai, tathA samAja meM maitrI aura samAnatA sthApita ho sakatI hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati prema, sadbhAva paropakAra evaM samatA kI anavadya bhAvanA se mAnavatA kA caturasra prasAra sambhava hai| pavivekarasaM pItvA rasaM upasamassa ca / niddaro hoti nippApo dhammapItirasaM piva / / __ ekAnta cintana tathA zAnti ke rasa ko pIkara dharma ke prema-rasa kA pAna karatA huA pIr3A se rahita tathA niSpApa ho jAtA hai|

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abhidharma aura mAdhyamika pro. thubatana chogaDuba adhyakSa, bauddhadarzana vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI sAmAnyatayA piTaka ke do varga hai hInayAnI piTaka aura mahAyAnI pittk| usI prakAra abhidharma bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| donoM yAnoM ke piTakoM vizeSata: abhidharma piTakoM ke viSaya tathA zabdAvalI meM bar3A antara hai| piTakoM ke svarUpa yathArUpa se samajhane ke lie unakI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi kA jJAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai, ata: sarvaprathama inake aitihAsika tathyoM para saMkSepa meM vicAra karanA anucita nahIM hogaa| 1. aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi / yadyapi donoM yAnoM ke piTakoM ke prAdurbhAva ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhitra mAnyatAe~ haiM, tathApi pramANita itihAsa tathA khoja ke anusAra hInayAnI piTaka pahale hue the aura mahAyAnI piTaka unake bAda hue haiN| (ka) hInayAnI piTakoM kA prAdurbhAva hInayAna kI aneka zAkhAeM thI, para unameM se sthaviravAda kI paramparA sarvAdhika siMhaladvIpa meM vikasita huii| usa deza ke vidvAnoM ne aneka itihAsa likhe jinameM se dIpavaMza sabase mahattvapUrNa pratIta hotA hai| usameM likhA hai, ki bhagavAn buddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke turanta bAda rAjagRha meM prathama saMgIti huI jisameM sUtra tathA vinaya kA saMgAyana kiyA gyaa| jaba vaizAlI meM dvitIya saMgIti huI, usa samaya kevala vinaya piTaka kA saMgAyana kiyA gyaa| spaSTa hai ki vinaya sambandhI zikSA meM paraspara virodha ho jAne ke kAraNa dvitIya saMgIti huI thI; ata: usa samaya vinaya sUtroM para mukhya kendrita kiyA gyaa| kyoMki buddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke pazcAta prAtimokSa-zikSA bahuta mahattvapUrNa

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abhidharma aura mAdhyamika 83 ho gayI thI jisake viSaya meM ajJAna tathA vipratipatiyA~ utpanna ho gaI thii| unheM dUra karane ke lie vinaya piTaka para kendrita hokara unakA saMgAyana kiyA gyaa| buddha ke jIvana kAla meM unhoMne aneka vinaya janoM ko jo upadeza die the-jaise catura-Aryasatya, pudgalanairAtmya, samAdhiyoM Adi jo unake vicAra the, jinako sundara upamAoM ke sAtha pratipAdita kiyA thA aura jAtaka Adi kathAsambandhita una sabhI kA sUtra piTaka meM saMgAyana kiyA gyaa| tibbatI zAstroM meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki buddha ne abhidharma ke upadeza alaga se nahIM diyA, api tu yatra-tatra bikhare rUpa meM unhoMne jo kahA, usako kAlAntara meM sAta arhatoM ne saMkalita kiyA hai| isase yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki abhidharma piTaka zuru se nahIM thA; apitu bAda meM kramaza: astitva meM AyA hai| hInayAniyoM kA sabase pracalita abhidharma kathA vastu hai jisakI racanA azoka ke kAla meM tissamoggalIputra ne kI thii| moggalIputra ne hI tRtIya saMgIti kI adhyakSatA kI tathA IsApUrva tRtIya zatAbdi meM jIvita thaa| unhoMne praznauttara ke rUpa meM kathAvastu kI racanA kI hai aura anya siddhAntoM ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta karake unakA khaNDana kiyA hai| vizeSataH AtmA hai yA nahIM? isa prazna para bauddha siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadyapi yaha zAstra IzA pUrva tRtIya zatAbdi kA hai; para isameM una siddhAntoM kA bhI mata ullikhita hai jo bahuta bAda meM hue the| isa lie kathA vastu meM bhI bAda ke aMka saMkalita hue haiN| ina tathyoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kathA vastu ke bAda abhidharma piTaka ke sAhitya kramazaH astitva meM Ae the| __ nikAyoM kA vibhAjana hokara aThAraha taka ho gae the| prArambha meM ve vinaya piTaka aura vinaya kI zikSA ke viSaya meM asahamata hone ke kAraNa vibhAjita hue the| parantu kramaza: dArzanika dRSTi se bhI asahamata ho ge| una saba ke mata meM tripiTaka aura vizeSataH abhidharma piTaka kI vyavasthA huI hogI; tathApi sarvAstivAda tathA sthaviravAda sabase pradhAna tathA prasiddha hai| sarvAstivAda ke anusAra abhidharma ke sAta grantha hai| yathA--jJAna prasthAna, prakaraNa, vijJAnakAya, dharmaskandha, dhAtukAya, prajJaptazAstra aura gtipryaay| gati paryAya ke bAre meM thor3A sA vicAra karanA ucita hogaa| saMskRta meM "saMgIti paryAya'' likhA hai, parantu tibbatI ke anusAra ise gati paryAya honA caahie| saMskRta tathA bhoTa saMskaraNoM meM se eka meM galatI huI hogii|

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84 zramaNavidyA-3 una sAta meM se jJAna prasthAna kI eka vistRta TIkA thI jise mahAvibhASya kahate haiN| vahI sarvAstivAda-abhidharma kA mUla AdhAra hai| usI ke AdhAra para AcArya vasubandhu ne abhidharmakoza likhA hai jo vaibhASika sautrAntika donoM dvArA mAnya abhidharma zAstra hai| ukta sAta abhidharma AgamoM ko vaibhASika tathA sautrAntika donoM buddha kA vacana nahIM mAnate haiN| kahA bhI hai ki : jJAna prasthAnam kAtyAyanena prakaraNam vasumitreNa / vijJAna-kAyazca devazarmena dhAtukAyaH pUrNena kRtaH / dharmaskandhaH zAriputreNa maudgalyAyena prajJaptazAstram / / gatiparyAya mhaakausstthilen| yadyapi ye abhidharma buddhavacana nahIM bhI hai to bhI ve ati prAcIna kAla ke haiN| parantu Adhunika itihAsakAra evaM anveSaka ukta zAstroM ko zAriputra tathA maudgalyAyana Adi kI racanA nahIM mAnate haiM? api tu azoka kAlIna kathAvastu ke bAda kramaza: astitva meM Ae haiN| Adhunika vijJAna evaM naI takanIka Adi ke AdhAra para itihAsa kI khoja karane para yaha mAnA jAtA hai, ki jisa prakAra mAnava kI buddhi kA vikAsa huA, usI ke sAtha-sAtha abhidharma zAstroM kA bhI kramaza: vikAsa huA tathA nae-nae zAstroM kI racanA huii| ata: aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki abhidharma zAstra meM gine jAne vAle samasta zAstra kisI eka samaya ke na hokara bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM racita haiN| tibbata meM aise tathyoM para parIkSA karane kI paramparA nahIM hai| sabhI sUtra buddhavacana mAnakara unakI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| Adhunika itihAsakAra jina jina tathyoM ke AdhAra para khoja karate haiM, tathA vyAkhyA karate haiM, unako samajhanA Avazyaka hai| yadi unakA khaNDana bhI karanA cAheM to pUrvapakSa arthAt unake mata ko ThIka se samajhanA caahie| (kha) mahAyAnI piTakoM kA prAdurbhAva hama sabhI mahAyAnI piTakoM ko buddha kA vacana mAnate haiN| parantu itihAsakAra inako azoka ke bAda ke mAnate haiN| utanA hI nahIM unakA yaha mAnanA hai ki 'azoka ke bAda bauddhoM meM mUrti kI pUjA Adi karane kI prathA huI usase pahale dharmacakra tathA padma Adi lAkSaNika vastuoM tathA granthoM kI pUjA hotI thii| azoka ke bAda kramaza: trikAya, daza prajJApAramitA aura anya mahAyAnI siddhAntoM kA vikAsa huA tathA vibhinna mahAyAnI piTakoM kI racanA huii|'

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abhidharma aura mAdhyamika 85 mahAyAnI piTakoM ke viSaya meM na kevala Adhunika kAla meM, api tu arvAcIna vidvAnoM ke mata bhI bhinna the| yathA hInayAnI siddhAnta vAdiyoM ne mahAyAnI sUtroM ko buddhavacana nahIM maanaa| jisa prakAra "saptAmidharmagrantha' ke buddharacanA hone meM yA nahIM hone meM vivAda huA; usI prakAra mahAyAna sUtroM ke bAre meM pahale se bAda-vivAda thaa| isalie mahAyAnI AcAryoM ne mahAyAna ko buddhavacana siddha kiyA hai| AcArya nAgArjuna ne kahA hai ki dharmoM kI ni:svabhAvatA na kevala mahAyAna piTakoM meM hI pradarzita hai, api tu hInayAna AgamoM meM bhI pradiSTa hai| ata: mahAyAnasUtra buddhavacana siddha hotA hai kAtyAyanAvavAde ya asti nAsti cobhayam / pratiSiddhaM bhagavatA bhAvAbhAva vibhAvinA / / sUtrAlaMkAra kA prathama pariccheda hI mahAyAna siddha karane ke lie likhA hai| hInayAnI kahate the ki mahAyAnasUtra buddhavacana nahIM hai, apitu bAda meM dUsaroM ne banAyA hai| inake viSaya tathA zabdAvalI Adi sabhI mUla buddha vacanoM se bhinna haiM aadi| unake kathanoM ke uttara meM sUtrAlaMkAra meM kahA hai ki yadi mahAyAna sUtra buddhavacana na hokara kisI dUsare ne kAlAntara meM racA hai to buddha svayaM isake viSaya meM pahale se hI vyAkRta kara dete; parantu aisA vyAkRta nahIM kiyA gyaa| mahAyAna sUtra tathA hInayAna sUtra eka hI sAtha astitva meM aae| mahAyAna sUtroM meM ni:svabhAvatA kI jo dezanA hai; vahI klezoM kA pratipakSa hai| jina sUtroM ko zabdavata svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; unakA artha anyathA lenA hai tathA ve neyArtha sUtra haiN| AdavavyAkaraNAtsamapravRtteragocarAsiddheH / bhAvAbhAve'bhAvAtpratipakSatvAdrutAnyatvAt / / ityAdi vistAra pUrvaka hai| bhAvaviveka ne madhyamaka hRdaya tathA tarka jvAlA meM mahAyAnasUtroM ke buddhavacana hone ke bAre meM ativistRta tarka prastuta kie haiN| unhoMne kahA hai ki mahAyAna sUtroM kA yadyapi tInoM saMgItiyoM meM saMgAyana nahIM kiyA hai; tathApi unakA saMgAyana huA hai| unake saMgAyanakartA Arya maJjuzrI Adi haiN| ye zrAvakoM kA gocara hI nahIM hai ata: unakA saMgAyana zrAvaka nahIM kara sakate haiN|

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zramaNavidyA- 3 AcArya zAntideva ne bhI kahA hai ki yadi mahAyAna sUtra buddhavacana nahIM hai to hInayAnI piTaka bhI buddha vacana nahIM ho skte| jisa nyAya se zrAvakayAna piTaka buddhavacana siddha hotA hai usI nyAya se mahAyAna sUtra bhI buddhavacana siddha hogA / nanvasiddhaM mahAyAnaM kathaM siddhastavadAgamaH / yasmAdubhayasiddho'sau na siddho'sau tavAditaH / / 86 mahAkAzyapapamukhyaizca yadvAkyaM nAvagrAhyate / tatvayAnavabuddhatvAdagrAhyaM kaH kariSyati / una mahAyAna AcAryoM ne yaha siddha kiyA ki mahAyAna sUtroM ke viSaya atigambhIra evaM sUkSma haiM aura mahAzrAvakoM kA gocara nahIM ho pAyA hai| inakA viSaya nyAya saMgata hai| ataH viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAle sUtra buddha kA vacana haiN| parantu Adhunika kAla ke dharma aura saMskRti tathA sAhitya ke itihAsakAroM kA kahanA hai ki hInayAna tathA mahAyAna donoM ke sabhI sUtra buddha ke jIvanakAla meM prAdurbhUta nahIM hue, para ye sabhI kramazaH dhIre-dhIre race gae the / mAnavabuddhi ke vikAsa ke krama ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN| yadi aisA ho to yaha sambhava hai ki tInoM piTakoM meM se abhidharma piTaka bAda meM huA aura vizeSataH mahAyAna ke abhidharma piTaka aura bhI bAda meM huA ho / 2. tripiTaka kA svarUpa yA lakSaNa adhizIla zikSA jisakA sAkSAt tathA mukhya viSaya hai vaha piTaka vinaya piTaka hai| jisakA sAkSAt evaM mukhya viSaya adhisamAdhi zikSA hai, vaha sUtrapiTaka hai| jisakA sAkSAt viSaya tathA mukhya viSaya adhiprajJA zikSA hai, vaha abhidharma piTaka hai| isalie prajJApArimitAsUtra Adi vAstavika abhidharma sUtra haiM aura unakI sahI vyAkhyAkarane vAle zAstra vAstavika abhidharma zAstra haiN| abhidharma piTaka kA artha aisA bilkula nahIM hai ki sthaviravAda ke abhidharma sUtroM yA abhidharma koza Adi jinake nAma meM abhidharma ullikhita haiM, ve hI abhidharmapiTaka hai| yadi aisA mAna leM to bar3I bhUla hogI / 3. abhidharma piTaka kA viSaya donoM yAnoM ke abhidharma piTakoM kA mukhya pratipAdita viSaya adhiprajJA zikSA hai, kintu viSaya ke vistAra aura gambhIratA meM bar3A antara hai /

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87 abhidharma aura mAdhyamika (ka) hInayAna abhidharma kA viSaya abhidharma piTaka kisI bhI yAna kA ho vaha saMsAra se mukti hone kA upAya yA mArga pratipAdita karatA hai| usameM mUlavastu una AlambanoM ko kahate haiM; jinakA Alambana sAdhaka karate haiN| usa Alambana ke do prakAra haiN| yAvat Alambana tathA yathArtha aalmbn| skandha, Ayatana, dhAtu, indriya, kAraNa tathA hetu Adi yAvat viSaya haiN| una viSayoM kA Alambana karate hue jina mArgoM para calanA hai; vaha mArga sambhAra mArga Adi pA~ca mArga haiN| ina mArgoM kI bhAvanA karane para jo phala prApta hotA hai; usameM sAmAnya phala dhyAna samAhita Adi hote hai tathA asAdhAraNa phala nirvANa yA nirodha hai| saMsAra se mukti hone meM saMsAra kA mUla avidyA kA prahANa Avazyaka hai| vaha yAvat tathA yathArtha jJAna yA prajJA para nirbhara hai| ata: adhiprajJA zikSA hI abhidharma sUtrAdi kA mukhya viSaya hai| (kha) mahAyAna abhidharma piTaka kA viSaya mahAyAna abhidharma piTaka kA viSaya bhI adhiprajJA zikSA hai jaisA Upara batAyA hai| parantu prajJA kA svarupa tathA pratipAdana karane kI paddhati bilkula bhinna hai| prajJApAramitAsUtroM tathA mUlamAdhyamika kArikA Adi mahAyAna abhidharma AgamoM dvArA pratipAdita prajJA vaha prajJA hai jo pratItyasamutpAda tathA zUnyatA ko yathAvata jAnatI hai aura jo viSaya viSayI advaita haiN| abhidharma Agama isa tathya ko asaMkhya yuktiyoM dvArA pratipAdita karate haiN| kyoMki saMsAra kA asalI mUla vaha avidyA hai jo pudgala tathA dharmoM ko svabhAvata: sat samajhatI hai| jaba taka isakA unmUlana nahIM hotA; saMsAra se mukti nahIM hotii| ata:asalI prajJA zikSA vaha hai jo pudgala nairAtmya aura dharmanairAtmya ko sAkSAta jAnatI hai| usa prakAra kI prajJA ko mukhyarUpa se pratipAdita karane vAle prajJApAramitA sUtra asalI abhidharma piTaka haiM aura unakI sahI vyAkhyA karane vAle mAdhyamika zAstra asalI abhidharma zAstra haiN| hInayAna abhidharma piTaka kevala sAMskRtika viSayoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM; para mahAyAna abhidharma piTaka donoM satyoM kA yathAvata pratipAdana karate haiN| isalie hama yaha mAnate haiM ki sthaviravAda ke abhidharmasUtra sarvAstivAda ke sAta abhidharma zAstra tathA unakI vyAkhyA mahAvibhASya Adi eka sIr3hI kI taraha hai

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zramaNavidyA- 3 jo vAstavika adhiprajJA arthAt pratItyasamutpAda svarUpa paramArtha taka pahu~cane meM sahAyaka hai| inake adhyayana se jJAnavRddhi hotI hai| tathA gambhIra zUnyatA kI ora sAdhaka ko abhimukha karate haiM / parantu aisI prajJA inakA viSaya nahIM hai jo saMsAra ke mUla avidyA para sIdhA prahAra karatI hai / 88 ataH prajJApAramitAsUtra tathA una para AdhArita mAdhyAmika zAstra hI vAstava meM abhidharma sAhitya hai aura unameM pratipAdita pratItya samutpAda evaM nissvabhAvatA vAstavika abhidharma kA viSaya hai| anAdikAliko dhAtuH sarvadharma samAzrayaH / tasmin sati gatiH sarvA nirvANAdhigamo'pivA / / eka anAdikAlika dhAtu hai, jo samasta dharmoM kA Azraya hotI hai / usake hone para hI sampUrNa gatiyA~ evaM nirvANaprApti sambhava hai|

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theravAda bauddhadarzana meM nirvANa kI avadhAraNA DaoN. hara prasAda dIkSita variSTha prAdhyApaka, pAli evaM theravAda vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI mahAmAnava bhagavAn buddha kA avataraNa isa bhArata-bhUmaNDala meM hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa saMsAra ke lie eka Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA hai| mahAtmA buddha dvArA pravartita dharma Aja itanA prAsaMgika ho gayA hai, ki bahujanahitAya, bahujanasukhAya evaM vizvavyApI karuNA se otaprota isa dharma se hI deva, mAnava yA prANI mAtra kA maGgala sambhava hai| isa adbhuta ananya mAnava ne hI isa jagat ko apane sarvocca jJAna se prakAzita kiyaa| aura manuSya kI sampUrNatA kA Adarza prastuta kiyaa| asIma karuNA, asIma anukampA se ota-prota isa mahAmAnava ne andhakAra se AcchAdita, Atyantika duHkha se duHkhita evaM daurmanasya se dUSita prANI ko prakAza-puMja pradAna kara, lokopakAra ke anupama mArga kA prakhyApana kiyaa| unhoMne mithyAbhrAntiyoM se bhramita evaM andhavizvAsoM kI jar3atA se jaTita sAMsArika prANI ko apane parAkrama se mukta kraayaa| aise mahAprajJAvAna zAstA se eka bAra magadhamahAmAtya varSakAra brAhmaNa ke prazna pUchane para unhoMne mahAprajJAvAna evaM mahApuruSa ke sambandha meM kahA thA, ki usa vyakti ko hI mahApuruSa kahA jAtA hai, yathA yo vedi sabbasattAnaM maccupAsA pamocanaM, hitaM devamanussAnaM jAyaM dhammaM pakAsayi; yo ve disvA ca sutvA ca pasIdanti bahU janA / /

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zramaNavidyA- 3 maggAmaggassa kusalo, katakicco anAsavo / buddho antima sArIro, mahApaJJa mahApuriso ti ca / / arthAt jo jAnakAra haiM, jinhoMne saba prANiyoM ko mRtyu- pAza se mukta karane vAle, deva - manuSyoM ke hitakara, jJeya dharma ko prakAzita kiyA hai, jinheM dekhakara tathA jinakA upadeza sunakara bahujana prasanna hote haiN| jo mArga - amArga ke viSaya meM kuzala hai, kRtakRtya hai, anAsrava hai, jo antima zarIradhArI buddha hai, aise vyakti ko mahAprajJAvAn evaM mahApuruSa kahA jAtA hai| 90 aise prajJAvAn mahApuruSa ke gambhIra darzana amRtopama nirvANa ke vAre meM vivecana karane se pUrva inake dvArA pravartita dharmacakra ke sarvaprathama dharmopadeza cAra Aryasatya evaM madhyama mArga (aSTAGga mArga ) ke bAre meM saMkSipta carcA karanA prastuta nibandha meM samIcIna hogaa| kyoMki cAra Arya satyoM meM jo 'duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipada' Aryasatya hai, vahI madhyama mArga hai| yaha madhyama mArga hI netra khola dene vAlA, sahI upAya batAne vAlA cittavRttiyoM ke upazama ke lie, abhijJA aura jJAna kI prApti ke lie, tathA nirvANa taka pahu~cane ke lie sarvottama mArga hai / bauddhadharma meM zIla, samAdhi, prajJA kA yatra tatra sarvatra vivecana kiyA gayA hai; kyoMki mArga meM ArUr3ha hone ke lie yahI tIna mukhya sAdhana haiN| aSTAGgika mArga meM ye tInoM samAhita haiN| vinA madhyama mArga para ArUr3ha hue, vyakti apane jIvana meM kabhI zAnti nahIM lA sakatA, aura na hI AcArasampanna yogasampanna evaM prajJA sampanna ho sakatA hai| yaha mArga hameM indriyavilAsa kI ratatA evaM AtmaprapIr3ana ina donoM ativAdoM se bacAkara eka sukhI jIvana kI prApti karAtA hai| " eso va maggo natthaJja, dassanassa visuddhiyA / etaM hi tumhe paTipajjatha, mArassetaM pamohanaM / / " yaha 'nirvANa' zabda, ni + vAna, ina do zabdoM se banA hai| yahAM 'vAna' zabda 'tRSNA' kA dyotaka hai, aura 'ni' zabda kA artha 'nissaraNa' hai| ataH 'vAnato nikkhantaM ti nibbANaM' arthAt vAna (tRSNA) se nirgata dharma hI nirvANa 1. aMguttara nikAya, bhAga 4, pR. 40 / 2. cakkhukaraNI, JaNakaraNI, upasamAya, abhijJAya, sambodhAya, nibbANAya saMvattati / saccasaMgaho / 3. dhammapada 20/2

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theravAda bauddhadarzana meM nirvANa kI avadhAraNA hai| cUMki yaha vAna nAmaka tRSNA jor3ane vAlA dharma hai, isake dvArA eka bhava kA dUsare bhava se yoga hotA hai, 'vinati saMsibbatIti vAnaM' arthAt jo samyaka rupa se sItA hai, bunatA hai, vaha 'vAna' hai| isa prakAra vAna nAmaka tRSNA kA anta nahIM hotA hai, tathA tRSNA kA samUla uccheda kiye binA nirvANa sambhava nahIM hai| ___ mahAvagga meM kahA gayA hai ki 'yadidaM sabbasaGghArasamatho sabbUpadhipaTinissaggo tahakkhayo virAgo nirodho nibbAnaM" arthAta sabhI saMskAroM kA prazamana, sabhI klezoM kA parityAga, tRSNA kA kSaya, vairAgya evaM du:kha nirodha karane vAlA nirvANa hai| nirvANa kI prApti se duHkha kA azeSa nirodha ho jAtA hai| nirvANa kA artha hai 'shaanti'| yathA dIpaka taba taka jalatA rahatA hai, jaba taka usameM battI aura tela maujUda rahatA hai, parantu usake samApta hote hI dIpaka svata: zAnta ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra tRSNA Adi klezoM ke zAnta ho jAne para jaba yaha bhautika jIvana apane carama-avasAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai, to vaha nirvANa kahalAtA hai| bhagavAn buddha kahate haiM ki Asakti saMsAra kA bandhana hai, vitarka meM usakI gati hai, tathA tRSNA kA tyAga hI nirvANa hai| yathA 'nandI saMyojano loko, vitakkassa vicAraNA / taNhAya vippahAnena nibbANaM iti vuccati / / jisakI prApti se sabhI klezoM kA kSaya ho jAye, use nirvANa kahate haiN| yathA 'yasya cAdhigamA sabbakilesAnaM khayo bhave / / nibbAnamiti niddiThaM nibbAnakusalena taM / / / 'milindaprazna' meM nirvANa ke sambandha meM jaba rAjA 'milinda' bhikSu 'nAgasena' se pUMchatA hai, ki 'bhante nAgasena, "nirodho nibbAnaM'ti? arthAt nirodha ho jAnA hI nirvANa hai| to ve kahate haiM ki hAM mahArAja, nirodha ho jAnA hI 1. abhidhammattha saMgaho pR. 122 / 3. bauddhadarzana-baladeva upaa.| 5. abhidhammAvatAra pR. 108 / 2. mahAvagga 18 / 4. udaan|

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zramaNavidyA-3 nirvANa hai| rAjA milinda puna: kahate haiM, ki bhante! nirodha ho jAnA hI nirvANa kaise hai? tava bhikSu nAgasena milinda ke prazna kA samucita uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki saMsAra ke sabhI ajJAnI jIva indriyoM aura viSayoM ke upabhoga meM lage rahate haiM, jisake kAraNa nAnA prakAra ke kaSTa bhogate rahate haiN| parantu jJAnI AryazrAvaka indriya aura viSayoM ke upabhoga meM kabhI nahIM lagatA hai, isake phalasvarUpa usakI tRSNA kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra tRSNA ke nirodha hone se upAdAna kA nirodha, upAdAna se bhava kA nirodha, bhava ke nirodha se jAti (janma) kA nirodha, aura punarjanma ke na hone se bUr3hA honA, maranA, zoka karanA, ronA, pITanA, evaM parezAnI ityAdi sabhI duHkha ruka jAte haiN| ata: mahArAja! isa taraha nirodha ho jAnA hI nirvANa hai| yaha nirvANa zAnta svabhAva se eka prakAra kA hone para bhI kAraNa paryAya se 'sopadhizeSa nirvANa dhAtu' evaM 'nirupadhisesa nirvANadhAtu' isa prakAra dvividha hotA hai| dRSTa dharma nirvANa ko hI sopadhizeSa nirvANa, evaM sAmparAyika nirvANa ko nirupadhizeSa nirvANa kahate haiN| saMyukta nikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki "rAgakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo idaM vuccati nibbAnaM' arthAt rAga, dveSa evaM moha ke kSaya ko hI nirvANa kahate haiN| 'kammakilesehi upAdIyatIti upAdi' arthAt karma kleza dvArA jinakA upAdAna hotA hai, vaha 'upAdi' (upadhi) haiN| 'sissati avasissati iti seso' upAdi ca so seso cAti upAdiseso' arthAt avaziSTa vipAka vijJAna evaM karmaja rUpa hI 'upAdisesa' haiN| athavA arhatoM ke paJcaskandha hI upAdisesa haiN| isake anantara jaba arhat ke paJcaskandha kSINa hokara vinaSTa ho jAte haiN| arthAt jaba usakA parinirvANa ho jAtA hai, taba vipAka vijJAna evaM karmajarUpa bhI avaziSTa nahIM hote haiM, usa samaya "natthi upAdiseso yassAti anupAdiseso' arthAt jisa nivaNidhAtu ke sAtha vipAka vijJAna evaM karmajarUpa bhI nahIM hai, use anupAdisesanibbAnadhAtu kahate haiN| puna: AkArabheda se nirvANa trividha hotA hai| yathA sujhataM animittaM appnnihitnyceti| 1. milindapajho, pR. 55 / 3. saMyuktanikAya, bhAga 4, jambukhAdaka mutt| 2. visuddhimgg| 4. abhi.saM. pR. 727 /

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theravAda bauddhadarzana meM nirvANa kI avadhAraNA zUnyatA nirvANa yataH rAga, dveSa, moha dharmoM ke sAtha sAtha rUpa skandha evaM nAmaskandha se zUnyatAkAra kA lakSya karake zUnyatA nirvANa bhI kahA jAtA hai| animitta nirvANa arthAt vinA AkAra yA saMsthAna ke yathA-rUpa skandha evaM nAma skandha isameM se eka rUpapiNDa ke rupa meM AkAra vAlA, tathA dUsarA nAma skandha saMsthAna (AkAra) ke rupa meM nahIM hone para bhI, saMsthAna kI taraha pratibhAsita hone ke kAraNa arthAt ina donoM meM se nirvANa isa taraha ke saMsthAna yA AkAra vAlA na hone ke kAraNa 'animitta' kahalAtA hai| apraNihita nirvANa yata: nirvANa tRSNA svabhAva se prArthanA karane yogya nahIM hai, tathA nirvANa meM prArthanA karane vAlI tRSNA bhI nahIM hai| ataH prArthanA karane vAlI tRSNA ke abhAva se apraNihita nirvANa bhI kahalAtA hai| nirvANa ko amRta, paramapada evaM parama sukha bhI kahA gayA hai| yathAodahatha, mikkhave, sotaM amatamadhigataM, ahaM anusAsAmi, ahaM dhamma desemi'; arthAt bhikSuoM, dhyAna do, apanA citta idhara lagAo, maine jisa amRta ko pA liyA hai, use maiM tumheM btaauuNgaa| 'dhammapada' meM kahA gayA hai ki "nibbAnaM paramaM sukhN'| aadi| 'mAgandiya satta' meM 'katamaM ArogyaM katamaM nibbAnaM' ke prasaMga meM bhagavAna buddha 'nirvANa' ke bAre meM kahate haiM ki mAgandiya! tuma satpuruSoM kI sevA karo, isase tumheM sadupadeza prApta hogA, tathA usa sadupadeza ke sahAre tuma dharma kI gaharAI taka pahu~ca jAoge, tadanusAra AcaraNa karoge, aura dharmAnusAra AcaraNa karate-karate eka dina svayaM hI usa dharma kI sUkSmatA ko jAna jAoge; samajha jAoge; ki ye sabhI roga, vraNa aura zalya (kA~TA) ke samAna hai, aisA samajhane se ye saba roga, vraNa; zalya niruddha ho jaayeNge| taba tere upAdAna na karane se bhava nirodha; bhavanirodha se jAti nirodha, jAti nirodha se jarA-maraNa zoka, parideva, duHkha, daurmanasya, upAyAsa bhI niruddha ho jaayeNge| isa prakAra 1. pa.dI. pR. 281-282 / 2. mahAvagga, pR. 16 /

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94 zramaNavidyA-3 sampUrNa duHkha skandha kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, yahI nirvANa hai| majjhimanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki-'anAsavo dukkhassantakaro hoti' arthAt citta vikAra rahita sAdhaka hI duHkha kA anta kara pAtA hai| 'aMguttara nikAya' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "bhikkhu sabbaso nevasaJjAnAsaAyatanaM saJjAvedayitanirodhaM upasampajja viharati, paJAya cassa disvA AsavA parikkhINA honti| iminA pi kho etaM Avaso pariyAyena veditabbaM yathA sukhaM nibbaannN'| arthAt nevasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana kA samatikramaNa karake saMjJAvedayita nirodha ko prApta kara viharatA hai, tathA prajJA se use dekhakara AzravoM se parikSINa hotA hai, isa prakAra se Avasa kramaza: jAnanA cAhiye, ki nirvANa sukha hai| isI ko sAnudRSTika evaM dRSTadharmanirvANa bhI kahA gayA hai / eka prasaMga meM AyuSmAna sAriputra 'Ananda' se kahate haiM ki jo prANI avidyA ko kamI karane vAlI prajJA ko yathArtha rupa se jAnate haiM, vidyA ko sthira karane vAlI prajJA ko, vizeSa jJAna kI ora le jAne vAlI prajJA ko, tathA viSaya ko bIMdhane vAlI prajJA ko yathArtha rupa se jAnate haiM aise prANI isI zarIra ke rahate parinirvANa ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra nirvANa prApta vyakti ko vimukta hai, nivRtta hai, vigatatRSNa hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ nirvANa ko 'visuddhi' kahA gayA hai, "visuddhI ti sabbamalavirahitaM accantaparisuddhaM nibbAnaM" arthAt sabhI prakAra ke maloM (cittavikAroM) se rahita nirmala atyanta parizuddha nirvANa ke artha meM jAnanA caahie| 'vizuddhimArga' meM nirvANa ko 'amRta' tathA 'asaMskRta' kahA gayA hai, nirvANa paramArthata: svabhAvabhUta eka dharma hai, vaha prajJapti mAtra bhI nahIM hai| nirvANa mArga dvArA prAptavya hone se asAdhAraNa hai, mArga dvArA prAptavya mAtra hai, utpAdanIya nahIM hai, 'aprabhava' hai utpAda na hone se ajarAmaraNa hai| utpAda sthiti bhaGga na hone se 'nitya' hai| rUpa svabhAva kA abhAva hone se arUpa hai, tathA sarvaprapaJcoM se atIta hone se 'niSprapaMca' hai / yaha acyuta pada hai, antarahita hai, karma, citta, Rtu evaM AhAra se asaMskRta hai, lokottara pada hai| yathA 1. majjhima nikAya, mAgandiya sutta, pR. 955, 2. ma.ni. chachakka sutt| 3. aMguttara nikAya, 1, pR. 54; 4. aM.ni. 1,pR. 88 / 5. aM.ni.4, pR. 178; 6. visuddhimagga, pR. 11; 7. abhi. saM.pR. 725 /

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theravAda bauddhadarzana meM nirvANa kI avadhAraNA "padamaccutamaccantaM, asaGghatamanuttaraM / nibbAnamiti bhAsanti, vAnamuttA mahesayo / / ' pAli sAhitya meM yatra tatra sarvatra nirvANa ko aneka saMjJAoM evaM upamAoM se alaGkRta kiyA gayA hai, ki nirvANa yaha hai, yathA-amRta pada, zAntipada, paramapada, paramasukha, cetovimukti, mokSa, nirodha, paramakSema, virAga, saMjJAvediyita nirodha, prabhAsvara citta, vimukta, nivRtta, gambhIra, aprameya, vinirmukta, vizuddhi; kSaya, anutpAda, zAnta, praNIta, tRSNAkSaya, sukha, nitya, avipariNAmI, asaMskRta, anuttarayogakSema, atarkAvacara, dhruva, ajAta, asamutpanna; azoka, virajapada ityAdi hai| aura bhI aneka jagaha aneka paryAyavAcI zabda se paribhASita kiye gaye haiN| yathA 'saMyutta nikAya' meM yaha rAga, dveSa evaM moha kA kSaya hai| maiM tumako anta, anAsrava, satva, pAra, nipuNa, sudurdarza, ajara, dhruva, anidarzana, niSprapaJca, sata, ziva, kSema, Azcarya, adbhuta, virAga, zuddhi, mukti, anAlaya, dvIpa, leNa, trANa, parAyaNa kA nirdeza karuMgA, aisA kahA gayA hai / AcArya narendradeva jI likhate haiM, ki nirvANa kA trividha AkAra hai, virAgadhAtu, prahANadhAtu, nirodhdhaatu| Arya nirvANa kA utpAda nahIM karatA, vaha usakA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, vaha usakA pratilAbha karatA hai| mArga nirvANa kA utpAda nahIM karatA, yaha usakI prApti kA utpAda karatA hai| nirvANa sukha hai, zAnta hai, praNIta hai| jo use duHkhavata dekhatA hai, usake lie mokSa sambhava nahIM haiM / nirvANa bauddhadharma kA lakSya hai, bhagavAn kahate haiM, ki jisa prakAra samudra kA rasa eka mAtra lavaNa rasa hai, usI prakAra se merI zikSA kA eka mAtra rasa nirvANa hai| nirvANa azeSa sAdhanA kA lakSya hai, yaha paramapada hai, yahI khojane kA viSaya hai, yahI prAptavya hai, yahI sAkSAtkartavya hai, nirvANa meM sabhI saMskAroM kA upazama ho jAtA hai, isIlie ise 'zAnti pada' kahate haiM aura isa zAnti ko 'parama sukha' kI saMjJA se vibhUSita karate haiN| nirvANa meM Azrava; icchAyeM, rAga, dveSa, moha, saMyojana, tRSNA, karmabhava, nAma evaM rupa, saMskAra, upadhi Adi 1. a.saM. pR. 728 / 2. saMyuttanikAya, asngghtvgg| 3. bauddhadharmadarzana, pR. 297 /

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zramaNavidyA-3 samasta dharmoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| vastuta: janma-maraNa kI paramparA avidyA kleza aura karma para Azrita hai, vidyA se kleza kSINa ho jAtA hai, isa prakAra saMsAra cakra kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, sAmAnyata: ise hI nirvANa kahate haiN| . isa prakAra saMkSepata: sthaviravAda mata ke AdhAra para 'nirvANa' ke viSaya meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai, ki sarvaprathama zIla meM pratiSThita hokara zIlavAna sAdhaka samAdhi kI bhAvanA karate hue, lokottara samAdhi ko prApta kara, tadanantara usakA prajJA arthAt vipazyanA bhAvanA ke sAtha yoga karate hue rAga, dveSa; moha ityAdi samasta klezoM ko kSaya karate hue, lokottara prajJA ke utpanna hone para tRSNA rahita hokara 'nirupadhizeSa nirvANa' prApta karatA hai| samasta tRSNAoM kA kSaya hI bhagavAn buddha kA vAstavika nirvANa hai| 1. bauddhadharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa (go.ca. pANDeya) pR. 97 /

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhetara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna DaoN. umAzaGkara vyAsa nava nAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA bodhisattvIya Adarza ke udbhava evaM usake vikAsa meM bauddha dharma se bAhara ke prabhAvoM ko khojane kA prayAsa katipaya Adhunika vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| yahAM yaha smaraNIya hai ki mahAyAna kA aisA koI bhI siddhAnta nahIM hai jisakA mUla bIja bauddhadharma ke prArambhika kAla meM na khojA jA ske| mahAyAna meM inhIM bIjoM kA aMkuraNa evaM pallavana tadtayugoM evaM pradezoM kI paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa huA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI nitAnta svAbhAvika hai ki koI bhI dhArmika cintana apane Asa-pAsa kI paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA hai| eka jIvita evaM spandanazIla vicAradhArA apanI samakAlIna anya vicAradhArAoM se Takkara letI huI jaba Age bar3hatI hai to anivArya rUpa se pratidvandI cintanoM se vaha sarvathA asaMpRkta nahIM raha paatii| saMsAra ke adhikatara cintanoM vizeSata: cintanoM ke vikAsa ke itihAsa meM aisI hI pravRttiyAM kAryarata dikhalAI par3atI haiN| bauddhadharma kA abhyudaya evaM vikAsa jisa bhAratIya bhUmi meM huA, vahA~ isake sAtha vaidika, jaina, draviDa tathA anyAnya aneka gauNa dhArmika cintanoM kA pracalana thI hii| bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza meM pahu~caneM para jahA~ eka ora bhAgavatoM evaM pAzupatoM se isa vicAradhArA ko Takkara lenI par3I vahIM inakA samparka yUnAnI, pArasIka evaM kucha anya saMskRtiyoM ke sAtha huaa| isa samparka kA prabhAva jahAM gaMdhAra zilpa ke abhyudaya ke sAtha bhAratIya kalA ke kSetra meM yugAntakArI parivartana lekara upasthita huA vahIM isakA prabhAva dhArmika cintana ke kSetra meM vizeSata: bodhisattvIya Adarza ke avataraNa evaM mahAyAna ke udbhava meM kahAM taka huA prastuta meM yahI vicAraNIya prasaMga hai| sAtha hI sudUra evaM atIta se bhAratIya bhUmi meM phala phUla rahe dravir3a evaM vaidika cintanoM ke samparka kA

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zramaNavidyA-3 phala bauddha dharma ke isa viziSTa svarUpa ke upasthApana meM kahA~ taka ho sakatA hai, yaha bhI mananIya prazna hai, buddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke uparAnta anekoM zatAbdiyoM ke vicAra vimarza ke phalasvarUpa jo mahAyAna bauddhadharma tathA usakA sarvapramukha bodhisattva siddhAnta sAmane AyA, usakA svarUpa nirmANa jina bauddhetara pravRttiyoM se Adhunika manISiyoM ne mAnA hai unheM sarvaprathama nimnalikhita do zIrSakoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. bauddhetara prAcIna bhAratIya dhArmika cintana evaM saadhnaa| 2. bhArata se bAhara ke dharma evaM sNskRtiyaaN| ina donoM meM se pahale kA vizleSaNa evaM parIkSaNa karate hue yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bauddhadharma apane aneka siddhAntoM evaM mAnyatAoM ke lie buddha se pUrvavartinI dArzanika evaM dhArmika cintanadhArAoM vizeSatayA aupanaiSadika tathA katipaya avaidika cintanoM se pUrNatayA nirapekSa nahIM hai| inheM punaH sthUlarUpa se nimnavargoM meM vibhakta karate hue inameM se pratyeka para saMkSepa meM dRSTipAta karanA adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai 1. bhAgavata evaM pAzumata jaisI bhakti dhArAeM tathA 2. jain-prmpraa| bodhisattvIya Adarza ke upasthApana meM jo eka tattva atyaMta viziSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa hai vaha hai bhkti-tttv| DaoN haradayAla ke zabdoM meM bodhisattva siddhAnta prArambhika bauddha dharma meM buddha bhakti ke vikAsa tathA buddhatva ke amUrtikaraNa ina do cintana dhArAoM kA anivArya pratiphala hai / puna: inhIM ke kathanAnusAra pahale yaha bhakti gautama buddha ke prati thI parantu zIghra hI unakA amUrtikaraNa atimAnavIyakaraNa yA vizvAtmIkaraNa ho jAne ke uparAnta zraddhAlu upAsakoM ke lie ve anupayukta evaM anAkarSaka rhaa| ata: bodhisattvoM ke mUrtikaraNa evaM unakI dhAraNAoM meM dRr3ha mUla bhAvanA ko vyakta karane ke avasara prApta hue| sAtha hI unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki bhAratIya dharmoM ke itihAsa meM bhakti kA udaya maulika rUpa se bauddha sAhitya meM hI huA haiM, bauddhoM ne ise kahIM anyatra se gRhIta nahIM 1. mahAvagga. pR. 32 /

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bodhisattva- avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhettara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna kiyA hai / therI gAthA ke isa sthala ko uddhRta karate hue unhoneM yaha darzAyA hai ki bhakti tattva sarvaprathama bauddhadharma kI hI kalpanA hai-- so bhattimA nAma ca hoti paDito jitvA ca dhammesu visesi assa / DaoN haradayAla ke uparyukta kathana ko kevala AMzika rUpa se hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki buddha bhakti kA samAveza mahAyAna bauddhadharma kI eka AdhArabhUta vizeSatA hai kintu mahAyAna kI sAdhanA meM bhaktitattva kA yaha samAveza prArambhika bauddhadharma kI pravRttiyoM kA svAbhAvika vikAsa mAtra na hokara prAcIna bhakti dhArA ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa mAnanA adhika tarka- sagaMta pratIta hotA hai| sarvaprathama DaoN. haradayAla kA yaha kathana ayathArtha pratIta hotA hai ki bhakti mUlataH eka bauddha parikalpanA hai| pahale to prArambhika bauddhadharma meM bhakti aura zraddhA ke bhAvoM ke antara ko dekhate hue yaha nizcita karanA hogA ki kyA mUlataH Atma-vimukti ke dharma prArambhika bauddhadharma meM sama bhakti ke lie koI sthAna thA jisakA AzrayaNa kara Atma- prayAsa kA zrama ke binA hI ArAdhya kI kRpA yA usake sAnnidhyamAtra se samasta prapaMco se uddharaNa saMbhava thaa| sAtha hI prArambhika bauddhadharma meM jahA~ zrama yA apanA puruSArthaM hI mukti prApti karane kA pradhAna sAdhana hai aura jahA~ karma ke niyama kA koI bhI apavAda nahIM hai kyA vahAM bhakta kI ArtatA yA dInatA ke lie koI sthAna hai yA kyA buddha ke samakSa dInabhAva se upasthiti mAtra hI bhava-sAgara se pAra utAra sakatI hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne Adima bauddhadharma meM bhakti ke kucha tattvoM kI vidyamAnatA kI jo bAteM kahI hai, sambhavataH ve zraddhA evaM bhakti ke paraspara - vyAmizraNa se janita pratIta hotI hai| prArambhika bauddhadharma meM zraddhA ke mahattva kI svIkRti svayaM buddha ne kI hai kintu yaha andha zraddhA na hokara prajJAnvayA zraddhA hai| ataH pUrva bauddha sAdhanA meM karma hI pradhAna thA vahI manuSya kA sahAyaka thA, bhakti apane viziSTa svarUpa meM vahAM prApta nahIM hotI / 99 isase viparIta aneka pramANoM ke adhAra para yaha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki buddha se pUrva bhakti kI sAdhanA vidyamAna thI / svayaM Rgveda meM varuNa ke prati vyakta kie gae RSiyoM ke udgAra bhakti bhAvoM se otaprota hai| ise devatA bhakti kaha kara isakI mahattA ko ghaTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| bhakti kA aisA sunirdhArita tathA sthira svarUpa nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bhakti tattva kA vikAsa buddha jaise kisI aitihAsika vyakti ke prati hI ho sakatA hai| yadi nirguNa nirAkAra varuNa jaise devoM ke prati bhakti ke tatvoM ko svIkAra nahIM bhI

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100 zramaNavidyA-3 kiyA jAtA taba bhI buddha se paryApta pUrvakAla meM vAsudeva evaM pAzupata jaise sampradAyoM meM vAsudeva kRSNa Adi ke prati bhakti tattva kI vidyamAnatA ke aneka sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika pramANa vidyamAna haiN| chandogya upaniSada meM kRSNa kA ullekha, IzopaniSada meM upAsya ke rUpa meM Izvara kA varNana, zvetAzvatara meM bhakti siddhAntoM kI carcA Adi se bhakti sAdhanA kI kisI na kisI dhArA ki vidyamAnatA sthApita ho jAtI hai| 'vAsudevArjunAbhyAM vun' 4.3.98 meM upAsya ke rUpa meM pRthaka sUtra meM vAsudeva kA upanyasana yaha spaSTarUpa se dhotita karatA hai ki pANini ke samaya taka vAsudeva kRSNa kA daivIkaraNa ho cukA thA tathA ve eka upAsya deva bana cuke the| yUnAnI rAjadUta megAsthanIja dvArA zUrasena pradeza meM herAklIja yA kRSNa kI pUjA kA artha varNana vi. za. I. 50 ke vesanagara abhilekha meM grIka hraliyodorasa kI bhAgavata upAdhi tathA svayaM pAli mahAnidesa meM vAsudevavastikA kA honti ke rUpa meM vAsudeva sampradAya ke ullekha yaha pradarzita karane meM sakSama haiM ki vAsudeva kRSNa buddha se pUrvavartIkAla se hI upAsya bana cuke the aura dvitIya zatAbdI I. pU. taka to yaha eka pramukha bhakti sampradAya bana gayA thA, jisakA prabhAva pazmiottara bhArata meM yUnAnI, Adi videzI jAtiyoM para bhI par3ane lagA thA aura jisakA eka kendra zUrasena yA mathurA ke AsapAsa bhI thaa| yaha atyanta svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai ki pazcimottara meM pahucate hI bauddhadharma ko vAsudeva yA bhAgavata sampradAya ke bar3hate hue prabhAva kA sAmanA karanA par3A ho evaM usa kAla evaM usa deza kI paristhitiyoM meM adhika lokapriya hone ke lie bhAgavatoM ke bhakti tattva kA svIkaraNa kara upAsya ke rUpa meM bodhisattvoM ke nUtana svarUpa kI kalpanA karanI par3I ho| azvaghoSa jo ki pazcimottara bhArata meM the isa bAta ke jvalanta nidarzana hai ki unake samaya taka buddha bhakti eka nae svarUpa meM A cukI thI, Age bhale hI bodhisattvIya Adarza kA samasta rUpeNa upasthApana unake samaya taka na huA ho| isa prakAra isa kathana meM paryApta satya hai ki isa prakAra prabhUta aitihAsika sAkSya hameM isa bAta se milate haiM ki buddhadharma ke udaya kI zatAbdiyoM se lekara vAsudeva pUjA kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhArata meM calI A rahI thI aura usase nizcita niSkarSa kisI na kisI mAtrA meM hama yaha nikAla hI sakate haiM ki dvitIya zatAbdI I. pU. jaba mahAyAna meM baddha bhakti kA udaya huA to usane kisI na kisI prakAra jJAta yA ajJAta rUpa se vAsudeva sampradAya se avazya preraNA prApta kI / 1. bauddhadharma tathA anya bhAratIya darzana bhAga-1 pR. 589.

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhettara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna 101 mahAyAna meM zrauta paramparA evaM bhAgavata sampradAya meM bhakti tatva ke grahaNa evaM AtmasAt karaNa ke rUpa meM ina prabhAvoM ke cinhoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhAgavata dharma kI pragati ke samAnAntara rUpa se vikasita honevAlI zaiva sAdhanA ke prabhAva para kucha dRSTipAta karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| zaiva-sAdhanA bhAratIya bhUmi kI atyanta prAcInatama sAdhanAoM meM se eka hai| isakI vidyamAnatA mohana-jodar3o ke samaya meM bhI svIkRta hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSada meM ziva ko bhagavAna kahA gayA hai taba unake prati bhaktimaya udgAra vyakta kie gae haiN| yadyapi yaha upaniSada baddha se paravartIkAla kA hai phira bhI bodhisattva kI suspaSTa avadhAraNA ke udayaM se nizcita rUpa se pUrvakAlIna hai hii| __milinda prazna meM vAsudeva upAsakoM ke sAtha-sAtha zaivoM kA bhI samullekha kiyA gayA hai / megAsthanIja ne bhI yaha likhA hai ki bhAratIya loga dAyonisisa ke pUjaka the| dAyonisisa kA samIkaraNa ziva ke sAtha vidvAnoM dvArA prAyaH svIkRta hai| bhaNDArakara ne bhI kama se kama dvitIya zataka I. pU. meM zaivadharma ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ina sabhI pracura aitihAsika sAkSyoM se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki IsavIM zataka se pUrva hI ziva ke ArAdhakoM kA eka sudRDha samUha bhAratIya dhArmika jagata meM vidyamAna thaa| isakI aviraladhArA ajasra rUpa se barAbara pravAhita hotI rahI evaM jisa yuga meM mahAyAna dharma kA udaya ho rahA thA usa samaya bhAratIya samAja meM zaiva yA pAzupata sAdhanA bhI vidyamAna thii| pataMjali ke mahAbhASya tathA milinda prazna Adi se isakI sthiti dvitIya ztAbdI I. pU. meM siddha ho jAtI hai jaisA ki katipaya Adhunika vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai| yadyapi isakA sIdhA prabhAva mahAyAna ke bodhisattva jaise viziSTa siddhAntoM para saspaSTa rUpa se parilakSita nahIM hotA phira bhI ArAdhya deva yA bhagavAna ke rUpa meM ziva kI bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI jo sthApanA ho cukI thI unase bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke kucha pakSa sarvathA . 1. sarvavyApasi bhagavAMstasmAtasarvagataH zivaH- zve. 3.2 devam AtmabuddhimakAzazaraNamahaM prapadye-za. ve 6. 18 ityAdi 2. mi.pa. pR. 191 / sivA vAsudeva thAnikA aadi| 3. jo. ema. mevikaMDala iNDiyA pR. 200 4. Ara. jI bhaNDArakara sekTsa pR. 116,117

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zramaNavidyA- 3 aprabhAvita nahIM rahe hoNge| vizeSa rUpa se avalokitezvara - bodhisattva kI jo avadhAraNA hai usake udaya evaM vikAsa meM ziva pAzumata yA mAhezvara zAkhA kA vizeSa yogadAna honA caahie| donoM ke kalAtmaka aMkanoM meM bhI adbhuta sAmya hai| tIna netra ekAdaza mukha tathA trizUla Adi ke aMkano kA sAmya bhI mAtra Akasmika nahIM ho sakatA / avalokitezvara mahAkaruNA kA mUrtikaraNa hai to ziva bhI halAhala viSa se jala rahe jagat ke paritrAtA ke rUpa meM khyAta haiN| 102 vaidika dharma ke brAhmaNa purohitoM ne zanai: zanai: bhAgavata evaM zaiva jaise do bhakti Andolano ko AtmasAta kara liyA evaM bauddha dharma kI lokapriyatA kA sAmanA karane ke nimitta inakA upayoga kiyaa| I. pU. dvitIya zataka meM zuMgarAjavaMza kI chatrachAyA meM brAhmaNa dharma punarjAgaraNa kA udbhava huA / phalasvarUpa bauddhoM ko janapriyatA ke nimitta pracAra ke navIna sAdhanoM kA samAveza karanA pdd'aa| jaisA ki kucha Adhunika vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai / dvitIya zatAbdI IsavI pUrva bauddha dharma ke lie eka atyanta samasyAmaya samaya thA / mauryoM ke patana ke uparAnta ise rAjyAzraya prApta nahIM ho rahA thA tathA ise una brAhmaNoM ke sAmanA karanA par3a rahA thA jinhoMne bhAgavata evaM zaiva dharmo ko AtmasAt kara adhikAdhika lokapriyatA prApta kara lI thI / prArambhika bauddha dharma ke stambha arhatva kA bhI bhikSu adhika ekAntasevI evaM antamurkhI hone lage the| aisI paristhitiyoM meM mahAyAna bauddha zAkhA ke saMsthApakoM ko viSNu evaM ziva jaise lokapriya devatAoM tathA inake avatAroM ke bauddha pratidvandiyoM ke rUpa meM parama kAruNika bodhisattvoM ko eka nUtana avadhAraNA kA vikAsa karanA pdd'aa| jisake dvArA unhoMne bar3I hI saphalatA ke sAtha apane dharma kA nae kSetroM meM prasAra kiyA evaM ise adhika se adhika lokapriya banAyA / 2. jaina paramparA evaM bodhisattva siddhAnta bauddha evaM jaina donoM hI zramaNa dharma hai tathA aneka vAtoM meM inameM sAmya hai| sAtha hI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se jaina dharma bauddha dharma se kucha adhika prAcIna 1. i. DablayU hopikansa iNDiyA nyU eNDa olDa pa. 518 /

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhettara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna 103 mAnA jAtA hai| sarva prathama prAcIna bauddha dharma meM prApta bodhisattva ke sandarbha meM jaina dharma kA anuzIlana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina evaM bauddha ina donoM hI paramparAoM meM pUrva bhava kI carcA prAyaH samAna paddhati se prApta hotI hai| mahAvIra evaM buddha kI bhava carcA meM to eka vicitra sAmya ke darzana bhI hote haiN| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne aneka bhava pUrva marIci tApasa ko lakSya karate hue jisa prakAra yaha kahA thA ki yaha aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hogA, isI prakAra aneka kalpoM pUrva dIpaMkara buddha ne sumedha tApasa ke viSaya meM yaha veyyAkaraNa kiyA thA ki vaha eka dina buddha hogaa| mahAvIra se sambadhita yaha ghaTanA unake paccIsa bhava pUrva kI hai jabaki buddha kI ghaTanA pAca~ sau ikyAvana bhava pUrva kI hai| donoM hI paramparAoM ke pUrva bhava kI carcA karane vAle prakaraNoM meM bhava bhramaNa kA prakAra Ayu kI dIrghatA Adi aneka viSaya haiN| tIrthaMkaratva prApti ke lie jo bIsa nimitta tathA buddhatva prApti ke lie apekSita jo daza pAramitAeM haiM unameM kucha sAmya hai, jaisA ki nimnalikhita sUcI se sapaSTa hotA haibIsa nimitta daza parimatAeM 1. arihanta kI arAdhanA 1. dAna 2. siddha kI arAdhanA 2. zIla 3. pravacana kI arAdhanA 3. naiSkramya 4. gurU kA vinaya 4. prajJA 5. sthavira kA vinaya 5. vIrya 6. bahuzrutakA kA vinaya 6. kSAnti 7. tapasvI kA vinaya 7. satya 8. abhIkSaNa jJAnopayoga 8. adhiSThAna 9. nirmala samyagdarzana 9. maitrI 10. vinaya 10. upekSA 11. SaDamAvazyaka kA vidhivata samAcaraNa 12. brahmacarya kA niraticAra pAlana 13. dhyAna 14. tapazcaryA

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104 zramaNavidyA-3 15. pAtradAna 16. vaiyAkRti 17. samAdhi-dAna 18. apUrva jJAnAbhyAsa 19. zruta bhakti 20. pravacana bhAvanA yadyapi ina bIsa nimittoM evaM daza pAramitAoM ke madhya bhAvanAtmaka sAmya khojA jA sakatA hai parantu sAtha hI unameM maulika antara yaha hai ki buddhatva prApti ke lie hI pAramitAoM ke pAlana karate haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra vItarAgatA bauddha paribhASA meM arhata pada ke lie hI vihita hai| tIrthakaratva eka garimApUrNa pada hai| vaha kAmya nahIM huA krtaa| vaha to sahaja sukRta saMcaya se prApta ho jAtA hai| vihita tapa ko kisI nazvara kAma ke lie arpita kara denA jaina-paribhASA meM 'nidAna' kahalAtA hai| cauvvihA khalu taba samAddhi mavaI tataddhAnoM ihalomaTThayAe taba mahiTThajjA na paralogaTThAyAe tabamahidvejjA, no kittivaNNasarddha silogaTThayAe taba mahidvejjA, nannattha nijjaraTThayAe vimIhaDhejjA / __yaha virodhakatA kA sUcaka hai| bhautika dhyeya ke lie tapa karanA bhI azAstrIya hai| bauddhoM ne buddhatva isalie kAmya mAnA hai ki sarvajJatva ke sAthasAtha vyakti apanI bhava vubhukSA ko gauNa karatA hai aura vizva mukti ke lie icchuka hotA hai bhale hI saMvRtti ke dharAtalapara hii| tAtparya yaha hai ki jainoM ne tIrthaMkaratva ko upAdhi-vizeSa se jor3A hai aura bauddhoM ne buddhattva ko paropakAritA se| yahI apekSA-bheda donoM paramparAoM ke maulika antara kA kAraNa banA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jisa prakAra prArambhika bauddha dharma meM buddhoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai aura buddhatva atidurlabha mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai jo ki kAlakrama se Ate jAte rahate haiN| mahAyAna kI bhA~ti buddhoM kI asaMkhyatA, asaMkhya buddhalokoM ke astitva tathA unakI paurANika prakRti jaise tathyoM kA saMdarzana yahAM nahIM hai| bodhisattvoM kI parAnugrahaparaka sAdhanA kA astitva hI yahA~ nahI haiN| 1. dazvakAlika a. 9304 /

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bodhisattva - avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhettara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna prAcIna IrAnI dharma evaM pArasI saMskRti kA yogadAna pazcima ke aneka prAcya vidyA vizAradoM ne prAcIna bhArata ke aneka vicAroM avadhAraNAoM evaM jJAna kI anya zAkhAoM para bhArata se bAhara ke prabhAva ko siddha karane ke prayAsa kie haiN| bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM bhI kucha aise hI prabhAva batAe gae haiN| isa sambandha meM sarva prathama yaha kaha denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki yadyapi aneka mahAyAnI avadhAraNAe~ apane sthUla svarUpa meM sarvathA nUtana sI dikhatI haiM paraMtu inake avyakta cinha samprati upalabdha bauddha dharma ke prArambhika staroM meM vidyamAna haiN| pradhAna rUpa se ye avyakta aMkura hI kAlAntara meM deza evaM paristhitiyoM ke AnuSaMgika sahajAta pratyayoM ke sahAre suspaSTa avadhAraNAoM ke rUpa meM puSpita evaM pallavita hue| isa bAta kI bhI praryApta saMbhAvanA hai ki katipaya videzI avadhAraNAoM ke samparka ke sahajAta pratyaya bhI ina dhAraNAoM ke pUrNa vikAsa meM sakriya rUpa meM kAryarata rahe hoM / bhAratIya bauddha dharma kA vikAsa bhUkhaNDa meM prasAra mahAna bauddha dharma samrATa azoka ke samaya meM huaa| usI samaya yaha pazcimottara meM gandhAra Adhunika aphagAnistAna ke una bhUkhaNDoM taka phuNcaa| jahA~ prAcIna pArasIka saMskRti kA pahale se hI kucha na kucha prabhAva thA hI / 530 I. pU. 330 I. pU. taka gAndhAra eka pArasI pradeza thaa| sAirasa ke samaya se sikandara ke AkramaNa ke kAla taka pArasa kA apanA vizAla sAmrAjya thaa| 518 I. pU. ke lagabhaga dAriyasa prathama ne sindhughATI ko apane adhIna kara liyA thA / aneka zatAbdiyoM taka prAcIna pArasIka saMskRti ne eziyA ke aneka rASTroM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| phira bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza to pArasa ke paDosI hI the| bI. e. smitha ke anusAra sAranAtha kA azoka kA siMha stambha tathA pATaliputra kA maurya prAsAda prArambhika pArasIka saMskRti ke saMsUcaka haiM 1 / sUrya kI ArAdhanA prAcIna IrAna kI saMskRti kA eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa pahalU thaa| vaise sUrya to saMsAra ko adhikatara Adima sabhyatAoM meM ArAdhya deva rahe haiM paraMtu misra evaM IrAna meM sUryopAsanA ko eka suspaSTa dhArmika svarUpa prApta huA / IrAna kI sUryopAsanA ke prabhAva ke kucha cinha mahAyAna bauddha dharma ke katipaya patoM meM pahacAne jA sakate haiN| tathA mahAyAna deva kula meM kalyANamaya 1. pI. kI. ena. mAyarsa jenerala hisTrI pR. 61 / 2. bI. e. smitha azoka pR. 140 105

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106 zramaNavidyA-3 dRSTipAta karane vAle prabhAsvara sattvoM kI parikalpanA tathA isa avadhAraNa kA abhyudaya ki bodhisattva buddhoM ke Emanic pation haiN| yahA~ para yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki sUryopAsanA se prArambhika bauddha dharma sarvathA aparicita nahIM thaa| dIrghanikAya meM sUryopAsanA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai tathA AdiccUpaTThAna jAtaka meM isakA upahAsa kiyA gayA hai| svayaM bhagavAna buddha ko aneka sthaloM para Aditya bandhu bhI kahA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki atyanta prAcIna kAla se vidyamAna bhAratIya sUrya pUjA tathA pArasIka sUryopAsanA para AdhArita eka navIna sUrya upAsanA sampradAya kA astitva thA tathA bauddha dharma vizeSata: paravartI bauddha zAkhAoM ke kucha pakSoM para isakA prabhAva pdd'aa| sTAinapelio Adi vidvAnoM ne cInI turkistAna se pracura mAtrA meM jo prAcIna pANDulipiyAM prApta kI thI unake vizleSaNa se yaha tathya sAmane AyA hai ki yaha pArasIka prabhAva pUrvI IrAna kI utena bhASA ke mAdhyama se madhya eziyA hote hue cIna taka phuNcaa| sarva prathama isa kA madhya eziyA kI kuSasaNa yA yUcI jAti se samparka huaa| yahI jAti bAda meM apane ina prabhAvoM ke sAtha bhArata ke pazcimottara meM aaii| inakI sabhyatA evaM saMskRti eka bar3e aMza taka pArasa se gRhIta thI, aMzata: yUnAna se bhii| isI jAti kA mahAna samrATa kaniSka bauddha dharma granthoM meM samrATa azoka ke bAda dUsarA mahatvapUrNa vyakti mAnA jAtA hai| isI ke samaya meM pezAvara meM bauddha dharma kI caturtha saMgIti huI jisameM mahAvibhASA zAstra ke saMgAyana ke sAtha-sAtha bauddha dharma ke svarUpa meM aneka mahatvapUrNa parivartana hue, jinameM buddha bhakti kA suspaSTa abhyudaya tathA bodhisattva avadhAraNA kA vikAsa bhI eka hai| IsavIya zataka ke prArambha ke kucha samaya pUrva tathA pazcAt pazcimottara bhArata ke gAndhAra evaM Adhunika balakha ke kSetroM meM bhAratIya pArasIka tathA yUnAnI vicAroM saMskRtiyoM kA vicitra samparka huaa| takSazilA gAndhAra kA tatkAlIna pramukha vidyA kendra thaa| yahA~ isa prakAra ke samparkoM kA honA bhI sarvathA svAbhAvika huA thaa| yadyapi isakA suspaSTa sAkSya sampatti prApta nahIM hai phira bhI ina samparkoM ke phalasvarUpa bauddhoM, bhAgavatoM Adi bhAratIya dhArmika sampradAyoM 1. dIrghanikAya 1.2. pakti 22vIM 2. Da. je. TAmasa buddha pa. 217 /

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhattara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna 107 ke vividha pakSa sarvathA achUte rahe hoge| bhale hI bhAratIya dharmoM kI apanI viziSTa pravRtti ke anurUpa bAhara se gRhIta ina prabhAvoM kA AtmasAta karaNa evaM paripAcana kucha isa prakAra se sampanna huA ho ki ina prabhAvoM ko suspaSTa rUpa se aba pahacAna pAnA bhI Avazyaka bana gayA ho| tathApi ina vicAroM ke prabhAva cinha ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita vizeSatAoM ko parIkSaNArtha upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai bauddha, vaiSNava evaM zaiva dharmoM ke katipaya svarUpoM kA sunizcita vikAsa samAna kAla kI pRSThabhUmi meM pazcimottara bhArata meM huaa| phalasvarUpa inake katipaya tathyoM meM Azcaryanaka sAmya kA darzana hotA hai| udAharaNArtha ina sabhI meM yaha vicAra prApta hotA haiM ki daivI prakRti kA AvirbhAva cAra yA pA~ca svarUpoM meM huaa| pAMcarAtroM ke pA~ca vyUho, mahAyAnikoM ke pA~ca jinoM tathA pA~ca sadAziva tattvoM kA ullekha isa sandarbha meM kiyA jA sakatA haiN| ___ pAMcarAtroM evaM mahAyAniyoM ke ina paraspara sAmya vAle siddhAnta kA abhyudaya pazcimottara bhArata meM saMbhavata: usa samaya huA jaba ki yahA~ IrAnI prabhAva kI pradhAnatA thii| pA~carAtroM ke vyUho se bahuta milatI julatI pArasiyoM ke ahura majadA ke spenTa mainyu evaM phAvariyoM kI avadhAraNA hai jisa prakAra ahura majadA ke 6 ameza spentAsa batalAe gae haiM usI prakAra Izvara ko bhI 6 guNoM se vibhUSita batalAyA gayA haiN| DaoN. haradayAla kA kathana hai ki bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke abhyudaya meM jarathusa ke dharma ke yogadAna kI saMbhAvanA se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jarathusa dharma ke pravAsI aura amesa spentAsa kA bodhisattvoM se atyadhika sAmya hai| ahura majadAye sambuddha 6 amesa spentAsa bhAvoM yA pratyayoM ke mUrtIkaraNa haiM evaM DaoN. haradayAla kA yaha kathana sarvathA yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai ki pramukha bodhisattva bhI to vastuta: prajJA evaM karuNA ke mUrtikaraNa hI hai| jarathusa dharma ke 6 amesa spentAsa ye haiN| . 1. asa (satya) 2. bohumana (bRhanmanas) 1. DaoN. haradayAla bodhisatvaDAkTrina pR. 39 2. DaoN. haradayAla bodhisatvaDAkTrina pR. 39.

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108 zramaNavidyA-3 3. arameiti (maitrI) 4. hauravatAt (zreyasa) 5. kSathra verya (vIrya) tathA 6. ameretAta (amRtatva) aisA lagatA hai ki jarathusa dharma ke pravAsI kA tuSita svarga ke bodhisattva se atyadhika sAmya hai| ina prabhAvoM yA paraspara sAmya ke atirikta sUryopAsanA ke mAdhyama se jarathUsa dharma kA prabhAva bhI bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke kucha pakSoM para pdd'aa| amitAbha vairocana, dIpaMkara jaise nAma isa prabhAva ke saMketaka haiM tathA aneka bodhisattvoM ko bhI saura upAdhiyoM se samalaMkRta kiyA jAnA bhI sUryopAsanA kA hI prabhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai| jarathusa dharma kA prabhAva sUryopAsanA ke mAdhyama se bhakti tattva ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM prabhAvita kie jAne ke tathya ke rUpa meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| sUryopAsanA kI eka pariNati bhAratIya bhUmi meM bhakti mArga ke abhyudaya ke rUpa meM bhI vidvAnoM dvArA anumAnita hai| ata: bhaktibhAvanA ke lakSya ke rUpa meM bodhisattvoM kI parikalpanA kA jo pakSa hai usa para sUryopAsanA ke prabhAva ke rUpa meM bhI IrAnI prabhAva kI upasthiti kI kalpanA sambhava hai| prastuta prasaMga kA upasaMharaNa karate hue svakIya mantavya ke rUpa meM yaha kaha denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki yadyapi IrAnI saMskRti evaM jarathusa dharma kI prAcInatA tathA pazcimottara bhArata meM isakI upasthiti eka aitihAsika tathya hai tathA mahAyAna bauddha dharma ke katipaya pakSoM buddhoM evaM bodhisattvoM ke sauranAmoM Adi meM isa saMskRti kA kucha prabhAva bhI saMbhAvita hai phira bhI bodhisattva avadhAraNA kA jo saiddhAntika pakSa hai usa para koI vizeSa prabhAva isa saMskRti kA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha to bauddha dharma ke apane Antarika rUpAntaraNa kA hI pratiphala hai| buddhattva ke svarUpa meM hone vAle parirvatana bodhi dhAraNAoM meM rUpAntaraNa Adi aise tathya haiM jo bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke sau sau saiddhAntika pakSa ke vikAsa ke lie AdhAra haiN| hA~, kucha eka bAhya pakSa yathA katipaya bodhisattvoM ke sauranAma inakA bhakti bhAva kA viSaya honA Adi sambhavataH IrAnI saMskRti evaM jarathusa dharma se pArasparika samparka ke phalasvarUpa udita mAne jA

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhattara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna 109 sakate haiM parantu yaha bhI suspaSTa pramANa ke abhAva meM pUrNatayA asaMdigdha prabhAva nahIM kahe jA skte| yUnAnI saMskRti evaM kalA tathA bodhisattva avadhAraNA 330 i.pU. ke uparAnta bhAratake pazcimottara pradezoM meM yUnAnI samrATa sikandara ke AkramaNa hue| sambhavata: isa AkramaNa ke koI sthAyI prabhAva tatkAlIna bhArata para nahIM par3e parantu ina AkramaNoM ke anantara bhI kSetroM meM yUnAnI loga raha ge| inameM se anekoM ne bauddha dharma ko svIkAra bhI kiyaa| prAcIna mudrAe~ isa bAta kA samarthana karatI haiM ki minAnDara jaise aneka yUnAnI zAsakoM ne bauddha dharma kI dIkSA le lI thii| ina yUnAniyoM kI apanI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi thI, vizeSataH inakA kalAtmaka pakSa adhika praur3ha thA jabaki dhArmika cintanoM meM bhAratIya pakSa adhika sazakta pratIta hotA hai| yUnAniyoM dvArA bauddha dharma svIkAra karane se bauddha dharma ke cintanAtmaka yA saiddhAntika pakSa para sambhavata: koI vizeSa prabhAva par3atA dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| kintu prAcIna bhAratIya purAkathAoM evaM kalpanAoM ko bAhya prabhAva vizeSataH yUnAnI kalA ne itanA adhika prabhAvita kiyA ki gandhAra zilpa ke rUpa meM bhAratIya kalA meM nUtana yuga kA sUtrapAta hI ho gyaa| bauddha dharma jaba yUnAnI pRSThabhUmi se suparicita vyaktiyoM ke sAtha sambaddha huA taba eka sunizcita AkAra ke sunizcita vyaktiyoM ke ArAdhanA kI prakriyA kramaza: balavatI hone lgii| prArambhika bauddha dharma meM buddha kA kalAtmaka aMkana pratimAoM ke rUpa meM nahI thaa| unake pratIkAtmaka aMkana hI sAmAnya jana dvArA arAdhya the| parantu gAndhAra zilpa kA sUtrapAta aisI pRSThabhUmi kA saMketa karAtI hai jahA~ pUjA ke nimitta eka sunizcita vyaktitva yA AkAra kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava kiyA gyaa| isa pRSThabhUmi ko bhAratIya jana sAmAnya kI mAnasika manovRtti meM bhI vidyamAna kahA jA sakatA hai parantu yUnAnI manovRtti kucha adhika sunizcita mUrtikaraNa kI ora jhukI huI thI hii| ata: yUnAnI prabhAva se gandhAra zilpa kA abhyudaya huaa| isane na kevala bhAratIya kalA meM hI krAntikArI parivartana upasthita kiyA apitu eka nizcita prakAra ke nizcita vyaktitvoM ke samArAdhana kI prakriyA ko adhika se adhika balavatI banA kara mahAyAna bauddha dharma meM 'bodhisattva' jaise Adarza vyaktitva ke samupasthApana meM bhI isakA apUrva yogadAna rhaa| isa prasaMga ke upasaMhAra DaoN. haradayAla ke isa kathana se sahamati vyakta karate hue kiyA jA rahA hai ki yUnAnI AkrAmako AbrajakoM

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110 zramaNavidyA-3 evaM zilpiyoM ne bauddho ko suspaSTa evaM sunizcita vyaktitva ke mahattva ko sikhAyA aura bauddhoM ne yUnAnI devatAoM se milate julate ardha daivI evaM ardha mAnavIya sattvoM kI ArAdhanA ke uddezya se bodhisattvoM ke deva-kula kA AviSkaraNa kiyaa| __ itanA to saspaSTa hI hai ki gAndhAra kalA ke abhyudaya ke rUpa meM yUnAnI prabhAva ne bauddha dharma meM eka nUtana yuga kA sUtrapAta kiyA jisase bhaviSya meM buddha evaM bodhisattvoM kI avadhAraNA bhI sarvathA aprabhAvita nahIM raha skii| avyakta evaM amUrta pratyayoM ke samUrtIkaraNa dvArA yUnAniyoM ne na kevala bauddha kalA apitu samasta bauddha dharma ke kalevara ko hI rUpAntarita kara diyaa| IsAI dharma evaM bodhisattva-avadhAraNA 'bodhisattva-avadhAraNA' kI suspaSTa saMracanA bhAratIya bhUmi meM IsAI dharma kI sthApanA se bahuta pUrva ho cukI thii| ata: isa avadhAraNA ke abhyudaya meM IsAI dharma ke prabhAva hone kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| kintu bhU-khaNDoM meM bodhisattva-yAna evaM IsAI dharma ina donoM ke samakAlIna astitva kI bAta Adhunika vidvAnoM dvArA pratipAdita kI jAtI haiM, vahAM bauddhadharma ke pahu~cate eka to yaha avadhAraNA eka sunizcita svarUpa grahaNa kara cukI thI dUsare isa avadhAraNA ke saiddhAntika pakSa meM aise kucha hI tathya haiM jinakA IsAI dharma kI katipaya avadhAraNAoM se sAmya pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yaha sAmya mAtra Akasmika bhI to ho sakatA haiN| vaise isa bAta kI pUrI sambhAvanA to hai hI ki dakSiNa bhArata, madhya eziyA, sIriyA, sikandariyA jaise sthAnoM meM bauddhoM evaM yoropa tathA pazcima eziyAI IsAI dezoM ke madhya samparka ke katipaya mAdhyama rahe hoN| ina pradezoM ke aneka sthAnoM meM bauddhoM zramaNoM evaM bhAratIyoM kI upasthiti ke anekoM sAhityika sAkSya prApta haiN| inameM se katipaya sAkSya IsAI dharma para bauddha dharma ke prabhAva kA saMsUcana bhI pratipAdita karate hai| yadyapi santa TAmasa jaise IsAI 1. haradayAla 'bodhisatva DAkTrina' pR.39 / 2. eca. jI. rAlisaMna 'inTarakorsa' pR. 163, 174 e. lilI 'buddhijma' pR. 232 I.je. __TAmasa 'buddha' pR.237| 3. vhii|

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhettara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna 111 dharmadUtoM ke dakSiNa bhArata meM padhArane kI bAta kahI jAtI hai parantu yaha sarvathA asaMdigdha nahI mAnI jA sktii| ___ yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bhale hI sikandariyA aura dakSiNa bhArata meM ina donoM dharmoM ke paraspara vinimaya kA prazna saMdigdha ho kintu sIriyA evaM madhya eziyA meM isa prakAra ke pArasparika AdAna pradAna kI saMbhAvanA adhika balavatI pratIta hotI haiN| samrATa azoka ke dharma dUta-sIriyA evaM baikTriyA bheje gaye / kaMdhAra ke samIpa vidyamAna azoka kA zilAlekha tathA sampUrNa aphagAnistAna evaM hindukuza taka ke kSetra meM vistRta pracura bauddha avazeSa bhI isa bAta ke sAkSya haiM ki azoka ke zAsanakAla se hI vahA~ bauddha dharma thaa| sambhavata: ye kSetra mahAyAna ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa the| inhIM bhU-pradezoM meM bauddha dharma evaM IsAI dharma ke paraspara samparka meM Ane kI kalpanA kucha adhika ucita pratIta hotI hai| niSThAvAna gaveSakoM ne apane zodhoM ke daurAna bauddha evaM IsAI upAkhyAnoM, dhArmika vidhi vidhAnoM atimAnavIya tattvoM Adi meM Azcaryajanaka sAmya pAe haiN| parantu inameM se adhikatara sAmya mAtra saMyoga janita hI pratIta hote haiN| phira bhI jaba do dhArmika vicAradhArAeM eka dUsare ke samparka meM AtI haiM to eka dUsare se kucha na kucha prabhAvita hotI hI haiN| josephata aura balarAma kI kathA meM yUnAnI aura romana kaitholika ina dono hI IsAI zAkhAoM ne bodhisattva zabda ko pahalavI, arabI tathA sIriyAI mAdhyamoM se lekara josAphata rUpa meM apanA liyA hai| itanA hI nahIM prasiddha IsAI santoM ke rUpa meM ina donoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA, yadyapi inake kathana nizcita hI jAtaka kathAoM kI zailI para bhagavAna buddha ke mahAbhiniSkramaNa Adi ke hI haiN| aba IsAI dharma ke AdarzoM aura dhAraNAoM ke bodhisattva avadhAraNA ko prabhAvita karane kI bAta ko liyA jaay| mahAyAna ke kucha AdarzoM evaM dhAraNAoM ke vikAsa krama kI yadi parIkSA kI jAya to spaSTa rUpa se paravartI mahAyAna kI bhAvanA meM kucha pRthakarUpatA sI dikhatI haiN| nAgArjuna evaM vasuvandhu kA mahAyAna prajJA evaM karuNA ina donoM meM prajJA ko zIrSasthAnIya mahatva pradAna karatA 1. vI. e. smitha azoka pR. 61. 2. I. Ara. bhAga 7. baralama eMDa josepha pR. 568 bI. eca. jI. rAliMsana 'inTarakorsa' pR 163 aadi|

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112 zramaNavidyA-3 hai parantu zAntideva ne isakA sthAna pApadezanA, kSamA yAcanA, pUjA Adi ko pradAna kara diyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki zAntideva ke samaya taka mahAyAna kI bhAvanA meM mUlabhUta parivartana A gayA thA aura yaha parivartana svayaM bauddha dharma meM ho rahe vicAra manthana ke phalasvarUpa bhI ho sakatA hai yA bhAratIya bhUmi meM hI udita katipaya anya vicAra dhArAoM ke prabhAva se bhI aisA ho sakatA hai| para isa bAta kI bhI sudRr3ha saMbhAvanA hai ki IsAI dharma ke prabhAva se pApa dezanA evaM kSamAyAcanA jaisI pravRttiyAM zAntideva ke bodhicaryAvatAra meM A gaI haiN| sAtha hI bodhisattvoM ke dvArA duHkha se pIr3ita samasta mAnavatA ke duHkha apane Upara le lene kI jo bAta hai yA parivarta kI jo avadhAraNA hai vaha bhI yIzumasIha ke balidAna tathA apane rakta dvArA samasta pApoM ke prakSAlana kI vicAradhArA se prabhAvita ho sakatI hai| jo bhI ho mahAyAna meM bAhya tattvoM ke AtmasAta karaNa karane kI sAmarthya thii| ata: yaha sambhava hai ki bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke parivarta evaM pApa dezanA jaise pakSa IsAI dharma ke prabhAva svarUpa svIkRta kie ho parantu ina saba dhAraNA ke udaya evaM isakI aneka mahatvapUrNa avadhAraNAoM yathA pAramitA pAcana Adi meM IsAI dharma ke prabhAva kA koI yogadAna pratIta nahIM hotaa| niSkarSaH bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke abhyudaya evaM vikAsa meM saMbhAvita prabhAvoM kI uparyullikhita carcA ke uparAnta yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA anivArya hogA ki isa avadhAraNA kA vikAsa pradhAnata: deza evaM samayagata paristhitiyoM ke badalate hue svarUpa ke anusAra bauddha dharma ke andara hone vAle svAbhAvika evaM mahAparinirvANa ke kucha hI samaya uparAnta vistRta bhU khaNDa meM phaile bauddha saMgha meM sarva prathama vinaya ke praznoM ko lekara jo vivAda uThA vaha isI parivartana kA dyotaka thaa| isakI pariNati sthaviravAdI paramparA meM varNita vaizAlI kI dvitIya saMgIti meM hone vAle vibhAjana ke rUpa meM huii| mahAsAMgitika bhikSu nUtana paristhitiyoM ke pariprekSya meM zAstA kI dezanAoM ke Azaya ko surakSita rakhate hue navIna dhAraNAoM evaM AcaraNoM ke prati bhI udAra bne| phalasvarUpa na kevala vinayagata niyamoM meM navIna tattvoM kA samAveza huA apitu buddhattva bodhi Adi kI dhAraNAe~ bhI nae AyAmoM ke sAtha prastuta kI gii| svayaM zAstA ne apane

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bodhisattva-avadhAraNA ke udaya meM bauddhettara pravRttiyoM kA yogadAna 113 upadezoM meM bhikSuoM ko AtmadIpa tathA prajJAvAna hone ko kahA thaa| phalasvarUpa bauddha dharma meM udAra evaM nivIna cintana dhArAe~ pravartita hotI rhii| isakI vyApaka evaM udAttadRSTi kA jvalanta pramANa AcArya nAgArjuna kA svabhAvazUnyatA kA siddhAnta thA jisake anusAra parama satya to sarvathA niSprapaMca hai hI sAMvRtika rUpa se bhI koI bhI padArtha yA dhAraNA nirapekSa rUpa se satya ho hI nahIM sktii| ata: svayaM bauddha dharma meM pahale se hI kucha aise bIja rUpa meM mUla tattva the jo nUtana samaya evaM kSetroM kI mRttikA meM aMkurita hokara bodhisattva avadhAraNA ke rUpa meM pUrNa prasphuTita hue| |

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kAvyazAstra kI prazAkhA ke rUpa meM kavi-zikSA kA mUlyAGkana DaoN. rAjIva raMjana siMha adhyakSa saMskRtavidyA-vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI bhArata meM kAvyazAstra yA AlocanAzAstra kA prAdurbhAva atyanta prAcIna kAla meM ho cukA thaa| Arambhika kAla meM veda kI taraha yaha avibhakta aura samagra thaa| saMskRta-AlocanAzAstra ke AdigraMtha bharata ke nATyazAstra meM sAhitya se sAkSAt sambaddha sabhI tattvoM se atirikta tattvoM kA bhI upapAdana kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kAvyazAstra yA alaMkArazAstra aura nATyazAstra ke rUpa meM athavA dRzyakAvya, saMgIta aura kavitA ke rUpa meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kintu paravartI kAla meM dRzyakAvya aura zravyakAvya ke bheda se nATyazAstra aura kAvyazAstra ke rUpa meM AlocanAzAstra do svataMtra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| yadyapi taba bhI ina donoM zAkhAoM meM rasAdi viSayoM para samAna rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA kintu ukta vicAra ke uddezya meM paryApta antara A cukA thaa| nATyazAstra prayoga-vijJAna ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahA thA jabaki kAvyazAstra kA mukhya pratipAdaya kAvya kI paribhASA, usake mUla tattva, usakA vargIkaraNa Adi ho cukA thaa| isameM bhI pramukhatA kAvya ke Atmattattva ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna vicAradhArAoM, yathA rasasaMpradAya, alaMkArasaMpradAya, dhvanisaMpradAya Adi, ke vivecana ko prApta thaa| kAvya ke heta ke saMbaMdha meM kAvyazAstriyoM ke madhya matabheda hai| kinhIM ke anusAra kavitva janmajAta hotA hai aura isaliye kAvya kA mUla hetu haipratibhA jo janmajAta saMskAra vizeSa hai| anya vidvAnoM ke anusAra kavitvazakti jaise janmajAta hotI hai vaise arjita bhI kI jA sakatI hai| inake mata meM pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa samudita rUpa se kAvya ke mUla hetu hai| inameM se 'pratibhA yA zakti' naisargika hai, 'nipuNatA' loka aura zAstra meM pracalita

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kavizikSA kA mUlyAMkana 115 vyavahAroM ke sUkSma aura gabhIra adhyayana se prApta hotI hai tathA kAvyatattvajJoM ke nirdezoM ke anusAra kiye gaye yatna se 'abhyAsa' kI siddhi hotI hai| saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke graMthoM meM Arambha se hI ina sabhI viSayoM para vicAra prApta hotA haiN| alaMkArazAstra ke graMtha jahA~ eka ora sAhityazAstra ke tattvoM kA vivecana prastuta karate haiM vahIM yaha vyAvahArika nirdeza bhI dete haiM ki kAvya racanA ke prazikSu ko kisa taraha se abhyAsa karanA cAhiye, kinakina viSayoM kA adhyayana isa kArya meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai athavA ve kauna-kauna se pracalita zabda aura vyavahAra haiM jinako kAvya-racanA meM Adara diyA jAnA cAhiye aadi| udAharaNa ke liye Adaya kAvyazAstrI bhAmaha (500 I.) ne sarvaprathama vyAkaraNa, chandaHzAstra, koza, itihAsAzrita kathA, lokavyavahAra, tarkazAstra, lalitakalA Adi viSayoM kI sUcI prastuta kI hai jinakA jJAna kAvya nirmANa meM atyanta upayogI sAmagrI ke rUpa meM grAhya hai| AcArya vAmana (8vI zatI) ne bhI kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti meM aisI upayogI sAmagriyoM kI sUcI (kArikA1.3se1.20taka) prastuta kI hai jisameM bhAmaha kI sUcI ke atirikta nItizAstra, kAmazAstra, rAjanIti, lokavyavahAra Adi kA bhI samAveza hai| sAtha hI kAvyAGgoM kA vicAra karate hue unhoMne padoM ke sthApana aura vikalpa (avApodvApa) Adi prayoga kA vidhAna prazikSuoM ke liye hI kiyA hai| isI prakAra dezaviruddha, kAlaviruddha ullekhoM se bacane kA nirdeza, kAvyaracanA ke liye Adarza samaya aura sthAna kA ullekha tathA vizeSa arthadarzana kI prakriyA bhI isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karate haiN| kAvyazAstra meM paruSa aura komala varNoM kA nirdhAraNa, rItiyoM kI vyavasthA Adi bhI abhyAsArtha zikSAparaka hI haiN| phira bhI ina tattvoM kI carcA prAsaGgika yA gauNarUpa se hI prApta hai| prArambhika kaviyoM ke liye vyAvahArika-zikSAparaka svataMtra vicAra inameM upalabdha nahIM thaa| rAjazekhara (900I.) ne apanI kAvyamImAMsAmeM sarvaprathama kaviyoM ke liye racanA-takanIka kI vyAvahArikazikSA ko svatantra mahattva diyaa| sAhityazAstra ke tAttvika vivecana ke sAtha hI isameM sAdhAraNa bhUgola, kaviyoM kI pracalita prathA, RtuvarNana meM dhyAna dene yogya bAteM, kavigoSThI-varNana Adi viSayoM kI paryApta paryAlocanA kI gyii| kavi ke liye upayogI jAnakArI dene vAle vizvakoza sA yaha graMtha pratIta hotA hai| phira bhI kaviyoM ke liye vyAvahArikazAstra-zikSAparaka

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116 zramaNavidyA-3 carcA yahA~ alaMkAra zAstra ke viSayoM se milA huA hI hai, isakI svataMtrata sattA nahI hai aura yaha graMtha anya aneka viSayoM ko bhI samAna mahattva dete hue hI vivecana karatA hai| ata: ise kavizikSA kA maulika graMtha svIkAra karane kI apekSA Akara graMtha mAnanA hI adhika upayukta hai| kSemendra (11vIM zatI) ne aucitya-vicAra-carcA, suvRttitilaka aura kavikaNThAbharaNa nAma ke graMtho kI racanA kii| aucityavicAracarcA adhika aMzo meM sAhityazAstraparaka graMtha hai jisameM aucitya ko kAvya kA anyatama kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| suvRttitilaka meM chandoM ke varNana ke sAtha hI saMbhavata: chandoM ke prabhAva kA bhI varNana hai aura usameM chandoM kI svatantra rUpase rasopakArakatA kA saMketa diyA gayA hai 'kAvye rasAnusAreNa varNanAnuguNena ca / kurvIta sarvavRttAnAM viniyoga vibhAgavit / / (su.ti.3vinyAsa/7) sAtha hI kisa kavi kA kisa chanda para vizeSa adhikAra hai isakI gaNanA bhI vahA~ kI gayI hai| kavikaNThAbharaNa meM kavitva kI prApti athavA usameM utkarSaprApti ke upAyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha adhika aMzoM meM tathA maulika rUpa meM kavizikSAparaka graMtha mAnA jA sakatA hai| hemacaMdra (11vIM zatI) ne kavizikSA ke uddezya se kAvyAnuzAsana graMtha likhA jo prAya: saMgraha graMtha sA hai| isameM kAvyamImAMsA Adi se lambe-lambe aMza uddhRta haiN| yadyapi isameM kavizikSAparaka kAphI sAmagrI hai para yaha kAvyazAstra kI tattvamImAMsA se milI haI hai, zikSAparaka svataMtra graMtha nahIM hai| vAgbhaTadvaya ke graMtha vAgbhaTAlaMkAra aura kAvyAnuzAsana bhI isI paddhati para likhe gaye graMtha haiN| bArahavIM zatI meM jayamaGgalAcArya ne 'kavizikSA' nAmaka apanA graMtha prastuta kiyaa| pUrNata: aura svataMtra rUpa se kavizikSA para likhA gayA yaha prathama graMtha hai| isameM eka zloka aNahiNAmapaTaNa ke rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha kI prazaMsA meM milane se isakI racanA bArahavIM zatI pUrvArddha meM honA sunizcita hai| terahavIM zatI meM vijayacaMdra ne 'kavizikSA' nAmaka graMtha kA praNayana kiyaa| yaha isa viSaya para gabhIra aura svataMtra cintana prastuta karatA hai| isake atirikta isase tatkAlIna itihAsa, bhUgola aura madhyakAlIna bhArata kI sAhityika sthiti kI vizad aura mahattvapUrNa sUcanA prApta hotI hai| isI zatI meM arisiMha aura amaracaMdra yati ne kAvyakalpalatAvRtti, parimalaTIkA aura kAvyakalpalatAmaJjarI kI racanA kii| ina graMtho kA viSaya zuddha rUpa se kavizikSA hai| parimala kI racanA yadyapi

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kavizikSA kA mUlyAMkana 117 kAvyakalpalatA kI TIkA ke rUpa meM huI para isameM svataMtra aura maulika cintana bahuza: dRSTa hai| caudahavIM zatI meM devezvara kI racanA kAvyakalpalatA evam solahavIM zatI meM mahAdeva kI kavikalpalatATIkA aura kezavamizra kA alaMkArazekhara isI zreNI kI racanAyeM haiN| inake atirikta halAyudha kA kavirahasyam, devendra kI kavikalpalatA, gaGgAdAsa kI kAvyazikSA, sUryazarmA kI kavikalpalatA TIkA, kezava kI kavijIvanam, kRSNakavi kI citrabandhaH Adi racanAyeM svataMtra rUpa se isa viSaya kA vivecana karatI haiM aura etatparaka sAhitya ko samRddha karatI haiN| kavikalpalatAviveka, kAvyavizeSa, kavizikSAvRtti, kavitA-karaNopAyaH Adi kucha aise graMthoM kA ullekha aura vivaraNa bhI prApta hai jinake racanAkAra to ajJAta haiM para inakA viSaya zuddha rUpa se kavizikSA hI hai| isa taraha kavizikSA kA bIja bharata ke nATya zAstra meM hI kAvyazAstra:-viSaya meM antarbhUta rUpa se prApta hotA hai| kAvyazAstra ke aGgarUpa meM hI zanai:-zanaiH saMvarddhita hote hue gyArahavIM zatI taka yaha mahattvapUrNa evam pallavita viSaya ke rUpa meM supratiSTha hotA hai tathA terahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha se hI kAvyazAstrIya cintana kI svataMtra prazAkhA ke rUpa meM mAnya ho jAtA hai| vaise to Arambha meM kavizikSA kA viSaya kAvya-racanopayogI vyAvahArika nirdezoM taka sImita thA kintu samvarddhanA aura svatantra sattA ke sAtha hI isake viSayavastu meM vistAra hotA gyaa| phira bhI sthUla rUpa se isake viSayavastu ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai(ka) chanda:siddhi kAvya adhikAMzata: chandobaddha hai| binA artha-pratyaya ke bhI rasodbodhana kI inameM svarUpayogyatA hai| bharata ne apane nATyazAstra meM isakA saMketa diyA hai ki kauna se chanda kina rasoM yA bhAvoM ke anukUla haiN| kSemendra ne bhI isakA vivaraNa diyA hai ki kina kaviyoM kI kisa chandaracanA meM vizeSa kSamatA hai| para kavizikSA ne ise mukhya pratipAdya ke rUpa meM apanAyA tathA zabdArtha se haTakara varNa mAtra kA sahArA lete hae dhvaniyoM ke sahAre isakI siddhi kI salAha dii| isIliye prAya: chanda:siddhi ko pratyeka kavizikSA racanA ne apane prathama tIna adhyAyoM ke antargata hI sthAna diyA hai| yaha vicAraNIya hai ki vipralambha zRMgAra rasa ke jitanA anukUla zArdUlavikrIDita, sambhoga-zRMgAra ke jitanA anukUla zikhariNI, komala prAkRtika citraNa ke jitanA anukUla mAlinI Adi chaMda hai utanA koI anya nhiiN|

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118 zramaNavidyA-3 apane dhvani tathA gati-yati prabhAva se hI ve ina bhAvoM ke udbodhana meM samartha haiN| ata: kavizikSA ina chandoM meM jhaTiti pATava kA tathA alpatama parivartana kara eka chanda se dUsare chanda meM racanA karane ke kauzala kA pratipAdana karatI hai| isa viSaya para atyadhika zodha kI apekSA abhI bhI hai| (kha) zabda-siddhi vibhina zabdoM ke prabhAva kA vizleSaNa tathA aise zabdoM kA anuzAsana jinake prayoga se jhaTiti pAdapUrti, samAsasiddhi yA alaMkArasiddhi athavA eka se dUsare chanda yA alaMkAra meM praveza ho sake-yaha kavizikSAparaka sAhitya kA dUsarA pramukha pratipAdya hai| sAtha hI vibhina ekAkSarazabdoM ke prayoga, vibhinna zabdoM ke tattad arthoM kA kAvyaracanA meM viniyoga Adi kA nirdeza prAya: kavizikSA kA pramukha pratipAdya rahA hai| (ga) alaMkAra-siddhi isa meM vibhinna alaMkAroM kI jhaTiti upapattiparaka zabdoM kA vyAkhyAna milatA hai| sAtha hI bahupracalita alaMkAroM ke prayoga-pATava meM tvarita naipuNya hetu upAya sujhAye gaye haiN| (gha) varNya-viSaya vibhinna varNanIya viSayoM ke saMbandha meM dhyAna rakhane yogya bAtoM ke atirikta kisa varNana se kauna sA viSaya alaMkRta aura camatkRta ho sakatA hai isakA nirdeza bhI isa zAstra kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| yadyapi kavisamaya (kavi sampradAya meM pracalita mAnyatAoM) kA paryApta ullekha yatra-tatra upalabdha hai kintu unheM ekatra kara unameM parivarddhana-parivartana kI saMbhAvanAoM para vicAra karanA saMprati mahattvapUrNa apekSA hai| (Ga) citrakAvya citrakAvyoM ko bhale hI kAvyazAstra ne adhama kAvya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA ho para kavi zikSA ke pramukha pratipAdyoM meM yaha eka hai| vibhinna AkRtiyoM ke rUpa meM chanda racanA kI isa vidhA ko kavizikSAparaka kaI graMtho ne vizeSa mahattva diyA hai aura inapara sampUrNa adhyAya kI racanA kI hai|

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kavizikSA kA mUlyAMkana yadyapi nATyazAstra aura kAvyazAstra ke pratipAdyoM se kavizikSA kA pratipAdya sarvathA bhinna hai aura isa rUpa meM yaha una zAstroM kA aGga pratIta hotA hai para yaha suvidita hai ki kisI kArya ke hone meM sAdhya, sAdhana aura itikartavyatA kA jJAna anivArya rUpeNa apekSita hai| inameM bhI yadi itikartavyatAjJAna na ho to pravartanA sahI rUpa se nahIM ho sakatI hai| ukta zAstroM ke sandarbha meM kavizikSA ko bhale hI aGga yA sAdhana mAtra mAnA jAye para kAvyaracanA takanIka ke viziSTa adhyayana ke kAraNa kavizikSA ko svataMtra zAstra mAnanA sarvathA upayukta hai / yaha kAvyaracanAdharmitA kA anuzAsana hone se zAstra koTi meM svIkArya hai| kAvya zAstra ke upapAdyoM kI jhaTiti upapatti kA pratipAdaka zAstra hone se ise nATyazAstra aura kAvyazAstra kI taraha hI kAvyazAstrIya cintana kI tRtIya prazAkhA ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAnA sarvathA upayukta ho sakatA hai| 119

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zobhAkara mitra kI kAvyadRSTi DA. kAlI prasAda dube upAcArya, saM. vidyA vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI zobhAkaramitra dvArA viracita alaMkAraratnAkara unakI ekamAtra kAvyazAstrIya kRti hai / sAhityazAstra kA yaha eka prakaraNa grantha haiM, jisameM isake nAma ke anurUpa hI kevala alaMkAroM kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA haiM / sUtra- vRtti udAharaNa aura parikarazlokAtmaka zailI meM likhe gaye isa alaMkAragraMtha ke 112 sUtroM meM kula 109 alaMkAroM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jinameM se 69 alaMkAra pUrvavartI AcAryoM se grahaNa kiye gaye haiM, zeSa 40 alaMkAra zobhAkara kI svayaM kI kalpanA se prasUta haiM / pUrvavartI AcAryoM meM mukhyataH zobhAkara ne bharata, bhAmaha, daNDI, udbhaTa, vAmana, rudraTa, bhoja, mammaTa aura ruyyaka ko apanA upajIvya banAyA haiN| kintu isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki unhoneM alaMkAro ke lakSaNoM evaM unake udAharaNoM kA jyoM kA tyoM unake mUla srota ke anurUpa hI anukaraNa kara liyA haiM, apitu jaisA ki una-una sthaloM se spaSTa hogA, unhoneM punaruktavadAbhAsa, vyatireka, utprekSA, rUpaka, samAsokti, bhrAntimAn, atizayokti, samAdhi, sUkSma, udAtta, saMkara, prabhRtialaMkAroM ke mUla lakSaNoM meM doSAviSkRti karate hue ina ke navIna lakSaNoM kI sRSTi kI haiM, aura tadanurUpa udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| navIna alaMkAroM kI udbhAvanA meM to zobhAkaramitra ne apUrva kalpanAzakti kA paricaya diyA hai, kintu aisA karane meM zobhAkaramitra akele nahIM haiN| AcArya bharata se lekara appayadIkSita taka jitane alaMkAra zAstrI hue haiM, prAyaH sabhI ne navIna alaMkAroM kI kalpanA kI haiN| anyathA bharata ke cAra alaMkAra kuvalayAnanda taka 125 kaise ho jAte ? alaMkAro kI yaha uttarottara bRddhi koI Azcaryajanaka bAta bhI nahI hai, kyoMki uktivaicitrya hI alaMkArarUpa meM pariNata hotI haiM aura uktivaicitrya kI koI iyattA nahIM hai, yaha ananta haiN| ataH jisa AcArya ko jisane prakAra ke ukti vaicitrya pratibhAsita hue utane prakAra 1. draSTavya- aprakAzita zodhaprabadha 'zobhAkaramitrakRta alaMkAraratnAkara eka adhyayana' DaoN. kAlIprasAda dube, pRSTha 21-30 /

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zobhAkAra mitra kI kAvyadRSTi 121 ke alakAroM kI kalpanA kii| uktivaicitrya kI isa pratIti meM kalpanA ke dhanI zobhAkara kyoM pIche rahate? yadyapi bIca-bIca meM kucha aise bhI AcArya hue yathA hemacandra, vAgbhaTa, mammaTa Adi jinhone alaMkAroM kI bAr3ha rokane kA prayAsa kiyA, kintu ve aMzata: hI saphala ho ske| - isa saMkSipta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki zobhAkara ke pUrva sAhityazAstra ke AcAryoM kI eka lambI paramparA rahI haiN| alaMkArazAstra ke sabhI sampradAya zobhAkara ke pUrva udabhUta ho cuke the aura dhvani prasthApana paramAcArya, mammaTa dhvani sampradAya ko pratiSThita kara anya sampradAya ke matavAdoM ko nirasta kara cuke the| zobhAkara jo mammaTa ke kucha kAla anantara hI AvirbhUta hue isase aprabhAvita kaise rhte| sAtha hI apanI svataMtra ciMtana pratibhA tarkapravaNatA aura vividhatApUrNa vaiduSya ke kAraNa kisI eka AcArya kA andhAnukaraNa karanA bhI unake lie sambhava kaise rhtaa| phalata: jo vicAra unheM ucita tathA tarkasaMgata pratIta hue use unhoneM vinA kisI saMkoca evaM durAgraha ke pUrvavartI AcAryoM se grahaNa kiyA aura jahA~ unheM inake vicAroM se asahamati pratIta huI, unhoneM apanA svataMtra mata pratipAdita kiyaa| astu| 'zabdArthoM kAvyam' yaha zobhAkara kA kAvyalakSaNa hai, arthAt na to kevala zabda kAvya haiM aura na kevala artha-kAvya haiN| zabdArthayugala zabda aura artha ye donoM kAvya ke ghaTaka haiN| zabda trividha haiM-vAcaka, lAkSaNika aura vyNjk| kintu artha cAra haiN| vAcya, lakSya, arthasAmarthyalabhya jaise tulyayogitA Adi meM aupamya Adi aura vyNgy| trividha zabda tathA prAraMbha ke tInoM bhedoM sahita artha ye kAvya ke aMga, zarIra haiM, aMgI AtmA to vyaMgyArtha artha kA caturtha bheda hai, jo rasa Adi haiM 'zabdazca vAcakalAkSaNikavyaJjakatvena tribhedo'pi taccharIraikadezabhUta: vaacylkssyaarthsaamrthylbhyvyNgytyaarthshcturbhedH| arthasAmarthyalabhyArthoM yathA tulyyogitaadaadaupmyaadi| tatrArthastribheda: kAvyazarIrAvayavaH shbdaarthshriirtvaavttsy| vyaMgyastu rsaadiH| kAvyajIvitahetubhUtatvena tsyaanggitvm|| rasa ko kAvyajIvitamAnanA ni:sandeha dhvanisampradAya kA hI anusaraNa hai| . sAtha hI arthasAmarthyalabhya artha ko svIkAra karake zobhAkAra ne eka navIna vicAra kI prastuti kI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa navIna artha ke bodha ke liye ve anumAna kA Azraya lete hai| 1. draSTavya- alaMkAraratnAkara pRSTha 189; 2. alaMkAraratnAkara pRSTha 189 /

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122 zramaNavidyA-3 zobhAkara ke pUrvavartI AcArya Anandavardhana ne rasa kI pradhAnatA aura gauNatA ke AdhAra para kAvya ke mukhyata: do bheda-dhvani aura gaNIbhUtavyaMgya svIkAra kiye haiN| zobhAkara ko bhI unheM svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| citrakAvya kA inhoMne bhI nirAkaraNa hI kiyA haiN| dhvanisvarUpa ke viSaya meM zobhAkara kA kathana hai - 'yatra tu vAcyasya vyaMgyArtha paryavasAyitayA vyaMgyasya prAdhAnyaM na vyaMgyagarbhatA sa dhvnrvissyH| (alakAratnAkara pRSTha80) arthAt jahA~ vAcyArtha kA vyaMgyArtha meM paryavasAna hone meM vyaMgya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vyaMgyagarbhatA nahIM vaha dhvani kA viSaya haiN| zobhAkara kI ina paMktiyoM ko dhvanikAra kA anuvAdamAtra kahA jA sakatA hai| dhvani ke viSaya meM dhvanikAra kA kathana haiM 'yatrArthaH zabdo vA tamarthamupasarjanIkRtasvArthau / vyaktaH kAvyavizeSaH sa dhvaniriti sUribhiH kathitaH / / arthAt jisa kAvya meM vAcaka zabda evaM vAcya artha gauNa rahate hue, pratIyamAna arthAt vyaMgya artha ko pradhAnatA se abhivyakta karate haiN| usa kAvyavizeSa ko dhvani kahate haiN| guNIbhUtavyaMgya kAvya vahA~ hotA haiM, jahA~ pratIyamAna artha kI apekSA vAcyArtha hI camatkArakArI hotA hai| yathA 'tasya pratIyamAnasya vAcyaM prati upaskArakatvAd guNIvRttatvena alaMkAryatvAbhAvAd alNkaartaa| vAcyasyaivopaskAryatvena prAdhAnyAd alNkaartaa|' isI prasaGga meM Age zobhAkAramitra guNIbhUtavyaMgya ke sphuTa nAma ke bheda kA khaNDana karate haiM aura use asundara nAmaka bheda meM antarbhUta mAnane kA pakSa prastuta karate haiN| yathA ___'atra vAcyApekSayA vyaMgyasya camatkArakAritvAbhAvAttadsundarAkhye guNIbhUtavyaMgyabhede'ntarbhAvAtkiM sphutttvruupdossodbhaaven|..... kintu guNIbhUtavyaMgya ke bheda ke viSaya meM yaha zobhAkara kA apanA mata nahIM pratIta hotaa| yaha to bhedavAdiyoM ke mata meM sudhArahetu parAmarzamAtra haiN| unake apane mata meM to guNIbhUtavyaMgya ke bheda kA abhAva hI hai 1. alaMkAraratnAkara pRsstth80|

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zobhAkAra mitra kI kAvyadRSTi 'tasmAtprasannagaMbhIrapAdarUpagUDhAkhyaguNIbhUtavyaMgyabhedasyAbhAva eveti kiMbahunA aura bhI - 'yathA ca guNIbhUtavyaMgyasya bhedA na sambhavanti tathoktamanyatreti tata evAvadhAryam'' arthAt guNIbhUtavyaMgya ke bheda hI sambhava nahIM haiN| citrakAvya ko Anandavardhana ne mahAkaviyoM ke kAvya kA kevala 'pratibimbakalpa' athavA 'Alekhaprakhya anukaraNa' kahA hai| vaha kevala kAvyAnukAra athavA vAgvikalpa hai| Anandavardhana ke mata meM aisA kAvya heya haiM / phira bhI rasabhAvavirahita kAvya kA unhoneM citra bheda svIkAra kara liyA hai| isake viparIta abhinavagupta ne citrakAvya ko akAvya hI kahA hai| zobhAkara isa prakaraNa meM abhinavagupta kA anusaraNa karate hue likhate haiM'alaMkAro kI alaMkAratA tabhI haiM, jaba koI alaMkAryatattva bhI ho / alaMkAryatatva ke na rahane para alaMkAra kA nibandhana mAtra zabdArthacitratA hai / isalie jina logoM kA yaha kathana hai ki upamA Adi alaMkAra citra haiM, vaha ucita nahIM haiN| citrakAvya aura alaMkAra eka sAtha nahIM raha skte| yadi citratA ( rasahInatA) hai, to alaMkAra kahA~ rahegA, vaha kisako alaMkRta karegA aura yadi kisI ko alaMkRta nahIM karegA to usakI alaMkAra saMjJA hI kyoM hogI aura yadi usakI alaMkAra saMjJA banatI hai to alaMkArya rasAdi bhI avazya rhegaa| taba rasAdi ke rahane para citrakAvya kI siddhi kaise hogI / zobhAkara ke tarka meM yahA~ bala pratIta hotA haiM / spaSTatA ke lie mUlapaMktiyoM ko uddhRta karanA asamIcIna nahIM hogA-- 'tenAlaMkAryasadbhAve'nuprAsopamAderalaMkAravyapadeza" tadabhAve tu shbdaarthcitrtaa| tena yaduktamanuprAsopamAdayoralaMkArAzcitramiti tdyuktm| citratve'laMkAratvAbhAvAdalaMkArasambhAvanibandhane'laMkAratve citratvAnupapatteH / tatsthitametadalaMkAryAbhAve citratvamanyatra tvalaMkAravyapadeza eveti / 4 isI bAta ko ve saMkSepa meM parikarazloka ke mAdhyama se bhI kahate iha mukhyarasadisambhave syAdupamAdau niyamAdalaMkRtItvam / rasabhAvavivarjitasya citravyapadezo na punastadantike'pi / / vahI pRSTha80-91 / 2. vahIM / 1. 4. alaMkAraratnAkara pRSTha193 / 123 3. bhAratIyasAhityazAstra, dezapANDe pRSTha 372 / 5. vahI /

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124 zramaNavidyA-3 zabdavRttiyA~ kAvyazAstra meM zabdavyApAra ke tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM- abhidhA, lakSaNA . tathA vyNjnaa| zabda ke uccAraNa ke sAtha hI sAkSAt jisa artha kA bodha hotA hai vaha usa zabda kA mukhya artha athavA vAcya artha hai aura vahI Anandavardhana ke anusAra vAkyArtha hai| jisa kAraNa isa vAkyArtha kA bodha hotA hai, vaha hai abhidhA- zabda kI mukhyvRtti| mammaTa ke anusAra saMketita artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlI zabdavRtti abhidhA haiM aura usa artha kA bodhaka zabda vAcaka ratnAkarakAra yahA~ bhI dhvanikAra ke hI Azaya kA anusaraNa karate haiN| ArthI utprekSA ke vivecana ke prasaGga meM vAkyArtha pratIti ke bIjabhUta jisa arthavyApAra kI carcA unhoneM kI hai, vaha abhidhA hI haiN| yathA 'vAkyArthapratItisamaya eva padArthasamanvayaparyAlocanayA AvartamAnasya hetoratAtvikAvagaterArthaH sambhAvanAtmaka ivArtha ityaarthii| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki isa mukhyArtha se kAma nahIM calatA, taba usI se sambandhita eka anya artha se kAma calAnA paDatA haiN| yaha dhvanikAra ke anusAra zabda kI guNavRtti hai aura isI ko lakSaNA bhI kahA gayA hai| aise artha ko lakSyArtha kahA gayA hai, aura vaha zabda jisase isa artha kA bodha hotA hai, lAkSaNika hai| jisa vRtti ke kAraNa lakSya artha kA bodha hotA haiM vaha lakSaNA kahI gayI haiN| yaha lakSaNA do prakAra kI hotI haiM--prayojanarahitA rUDhA aura prayojanasahitA kaaryaa| rUDhA lakSaNA meM prayojanarUpa vyaMgyArtha kA abhAva hone se koI cArutA nahIM hotI, ataH sahRdayoM ke hRdaya ko vaha AhlAdita nahIM krtii| vaha rasa kI paripoSaka nahIM hotI, ata: alaMkAra nahIM hai| kAryA usase bhinna hotI hai, vaha vyaMgya kA viSaya hotI haiM, ata: kAvyajIvita hone se kavigaNa dvArA samAdRta hotI haiN| isa viSaya meM dhvanikAra Adi ko koI vipratipatti nahIM haiN| isI prasaMga meM zobhAkara sAdRzya evaM sambandhAntara sambandha se bhI lakSaNA svIkAra karate haiN| paryAyokta ke prakaraNa meM unhoneM upAdAna lakSaNA ko mAnya ThaharAyA haiN| yathA 1. AnandavardhanaH DaoN. revA prasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 243-55 / 2. kAvyaprakAza-sUtra 1 / 3. a.ra. pRsstth50| 4. a.ra.pRSTha.32

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zobhAkAra mitra kI kAvyadRSTi 125 'sApekSatve tu kuntAH pravizantItivadarthapratItirlakSaNayA na tu vyaMjanena upAdAnalakSaNAyA astmyprsNgaat|' isase spaSTa hotA hai ki lakSaNA ke do avAntara prakAra upAdAnalakSaNA evaM lakSaNalakSaNA bhI unheM mAnya haiN| isa sampUrNa mAnyatA ke liye zobhAkaramitra dhvanikAra ke RNI haiN| kAvya meM vAcyArtha aura lakSyArtha ke atirikta eka vyaMgyArtha bhI mAnA gayA hai aura isakA bodha karAne vAlA zabda vyaMjaka tathA vyApAra vyaMjanA hai| mammaTa ke anusAra lakSaNA meM prayojana kI pratIti karAne ke lie vyaMjanA vyApAra ke atirikta aura koI vyApAra nahIM haiN| zobhAkara bhI isI prakAra kA mantavya prakaTa karate haiM'phalasya yA vyaMjanato gatissA jJeyA dhvnitvvypdeshhet:|' dhvani kI hetubhUta isa vyaMjanA kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa karate hue mammaTa kA kathana hai ki anekArthaka zabda ke kisI eka artha meM niyantrita ho jAne para (usase anya) avAcya artha kI pratIti karAne vAlA zabda vyApAra vyaMjanA hai| Anandavardhana ne mukhya aura guNavRtti se atirikta zabda vyApAra ko vyaMjanA kahA haiN| zobhAkara ne vyaMjanA kA prAdurbhAva vahA~ mAnA hai, jahA~ vAcyArtha meM bAdhA na rahate hue bhI, zabda se athavA artha se anya artha kI pratIti hotI ho| zobhAkara kI nimna paMktiyoM kA Azaya yahI haiM 'vAcyasya abAdhitatvena paryavasitatve vyaMjanasya sambhavAt' / ukta tIno prakAra se bodhita hone vAle artha vAcyArtha lakSyArtha aura vyaMgyArtha kA vivecana ve ina paMktiyoM meM karate haiM 'yatra tu paryavasite vAkyArthe yo'rtho'laMkAro vA pratIyate sa pratIyamAno vyaMgya ityucyte| aparyavasite mukhyabAdhe lakSya: tadabhAve tvArtha iti sarvatra nirnnyH|' (a.ra.pRSTha 50) guNAlaMkAranirUpaNa zobhAkara ke pUrvavartI AcArya dhvanikAra kAvyajIvitabhUtatattva rasa kI sthApanA kara cuke the aura guNa ko unhoneM rasadharma ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA thA aura alaMkAra ko zabdArtha kA dharma mAnA thaa| dhvanikAra kI paMkti hai - 1. a.ra.pRSTha81. 2. yasya pratItimAdhAtuM lakSaNA samupAsyate / phale zabdaikagamye'tra vyaMjanAnAparA kriyA / / (kA.pra.sUkta 23) 3. a.r.pRsstth.66| 4. a.r.pRsstth50| 5. vizeSa draSTavya- paM.revAprasAda dvivedI-Anandavardhana pR.255-84.

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zramaNavidyA-3 'tamarthamavalambante ye'GginaM te guNAH smRtAH / aMgAzritAstvalaMkArA mantavyA kttkaadivt|| (dhvanyAloka-26) yadyapi Anandavardhana ke pUrva vAmana, daNDI, bhAmaha Adi ko guNa aura alaMkAra donoM kI zabdArthadharmatA hI iSTa hai| donoM meM bheda yaha hai-guNa zabdArthoM ke nityadharma haiM aura alaMkAra anitya dhrm| vAmana kA guNa hai 'kAvyazobhA ko utpanna karane vAlA dharma, (kAvyazobhAyAH kartAro dharmA guNAH) aura alaMkAra haiM usa kAvyazobhA ke atizaya ke hetu, (tadatizayahetavastvalaMkArA:) guNa akele hI kAvya meM saundarya utpanna kara sakate haiM, alaMkAra nhiiN| vAmana ke pUrvavartI bhAmaha aura usake TIkAkAra bhaTTodbhaTa guNa aura alaMkAra meM bheda nahIM mAnate, unameM bheda mAnanA bher3acAla mAtra haiN| yathA-'samavAyavRtyA zauryAdaya: saMyogavRtyA tu hArAdayaH ityastu guNAlaMkArANAM bhedH| ojaprabhRtInAmanuprAsopamAdInAM cobhayeSAmapi samavAyavRtyAsthitiriti gaDDalikApravAheNaivaiSAM sthiti:|' mammaTa ne bhaTTodbhaTa ke isa mata ko mAnyatA nahIM dI aura vAmana ke mata meM se kevala guNoM kI hI anivAryatA unhoneM svIkAra kii| guNa zobhAjanaka nahIM utkarSa ke hetu haiM aura ve zabdArthadharma nahIM, Anandavardhana ke anusAra hI rasa ke dharma haiN| alaMkAra avazya zabdArtha ke dharma haiM 'ye rasasyAMgino dharmAH zauryAdaya ivAtmanaH / utkarSahetavaste syuracalasthitayo guNAH / / (kA.pra.sUtra-86) upakurvanti taM santaM ye'gadvAreNa jAtucit / hArAdivadalaMkArAste'nuprAsopamAdayaH / / (kA.pra.sUtra87) zobhAkara Anandavardhana ke mata kA avalambana karate haiM, aura oja, prasAda aura mAdhurya guNoM ko rasa kA dharma batAte haiN| ye guNa rasa meM anivArya rUpa se rahate haiN| ve kahate haiM- 'kAvyajIvitahetubhUtatvena rasAdeH anggimtvm| tadgatAzca ojaprasAdAdayo gunnaa:'| alaMkAra usa kAvyajIvita kA zobhAdhAyaka tattva haiN| isake sAtha usakA sabaMdha upaskArya-upaskAraka kA haiM 'tasyAtmabhUtasya rasAdeH upaskArakatvena gatAH alNkaaraaH|' kintu citrakAvya ke nirAkaraNa meM zobhAkara ne eka aura rocaka bAta kahI hai ki alaMkArya-alaMkAra kA sambandha anivArya haiN| isa prakAra alaMkAra rasa ke nityadharma ho jAte haiN| dhvanikAra ne bhI alaMkAra kI zabdArthaniSThatA upacAra se hI mAnA haiN|

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zobhAkAra mitra kI kAvyadRSTi 127 vRttinirUpaNa alaMkArazAstra meM vRtti, rIti, mArga, saMghaTanA tathA zailI zabda prAya: samAnArthaka haiN| vRtti zabda kA prayoga AcArya udbhaTa ne kiyA haiN| unhoneM apane kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgraha graMtha meM upanAgarikA, paruSA tathA komalA- ina tIna vRttiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| inhIM vRttiyoM ko vAmana ne vaidarbhI,gaur3IyA tathA pAMcAlI nAma se abhihita kiyA haiN| kuntaka tathA daNDI kA mArga tathA Anandavardhana kI saMghaTanA eka hI tatva hai jise Adhunika samIkSakoM ne zailI kA nAma de diyA hai| Anandavardhana ne saMghaTanA ke tIna asamAsA, madhyamasamAsA, tathA dIrghasamAsA rUpa se mAnA hai aura use guNoM kA Azrita batAyA haiM asamAsA samAsena madhyamena ca bhUSitA tathA dIrghasamAseti tridhA saMghaTanoditA / gaNAnAzritya tiSThantI mAdhuryAdIn vyanakti sA / / (dhvanyAloka 3 / 5-6) zobhAkaramitra bhI dhvanikAra kA anusaraNa karate hue vRtti ko guNoM ke mAdhyama se (guNoM ke Azrita raha kara) rasAdi kA paripoSaka mAnA hai aura use varNasaMghaTanA batalAyA haiM 'vRttizcAnuguNyena rasAdiparipoSakaM vrnnaanaam| sA ca sukumaaraasukumaarmdhymvrnnaarbdhtvaatrividhaa| tatra sukumArANAM zRMgArakaruNayoH pripossktvm| asukumArANAM vIraraudravIbhatseSu madhyamAnAM haasybhyaadbhutshaaNtissu|' (a.ra.pRSTha4) isa saMkSipta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zobhAkaramitra kAvyazAstra ke vibhinna tattvoM ke marmajJa eka prakANDa AlaMkArika haiM, tathApi kAvyAtmatattva ke rUpa meM unheM rasAdi hI iSTa haiM, jo vyaMgya hai| alaMkAra to usake upaskArakamAtra haiN| ata: alaMkAroM kA nirUpaNa karane para bhI unheM alaMkAravAdI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vastuta: ve dhvanivAdI AcArya haiM aura Anandavardhana ke mata ke nirbhAnta paripoSaka haiN| 1. kAvyaprakAza pRSTha 405 sampAdita AcArya vizezvara 2. kA.pra.sUtra 110kI vRtti- 'etAstisro vRttayaH vAmanAdInAM mate vaidarbhI, gauDI pAMcAlAkhyA rItayo mtaaH|' 3. samprati tatra ye mArgA: kaviprasthAna hetavaH / sukumAro vicitrazca madhyamazcobhayAtmakA: / / vkrokti.1|24|| 4. astyaneko girAM mArgaH sUkSmabhedaH parasparam / tatra vaidarbhagauDIyo vayete prasphuTAntarau / / AvyAdartha1440

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nepAlarASTre bauddhadarzanasyAdhyayanAdhyApanayorvyavasthA tadvizleSaNaM ca DaoN. rameza kumAra dvivedI adhyakSa, bauddhadarzana vibhAgaH sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlayaH, vArANasI vizve'smin eziyAkhaNDameva tAdRzaM sthalaM vartate, yatranakeSAM dharmANAM sampradAyAnAM praadurbhaavo'bhvt| pArasIyahUdI-tAo-kanaphyUsiyana-bauddha-jainAdayo dharmA asminneva pAvane bhUmaNDale'bhavanniti sarveSAM nAsti ajnyaatcrm| asminneva sthala vizeSe IzavIyakAlata: prAyaH SaDzatavarSapUrvameva dArzanika-vaicArikasAMskRtikakrAntInAM prAdurbhAvaH samajani iti na tirohitaM vidussaam| ___ tatrApi nepAlasya dakSiNa pazcimabhUbhAge lumbinIvane yo hi mahApuruSo janma lebhe sa eva samagrasya vizvasya pathapradarzaka iti vayaM sagauravaM vaktuM shknumH| sa ca zAkyamunirautamo buddhaH viziSTAyAH karuNAyAH pratIkatAyA mAnavatAyAzca paripoSakaH, ahiMsA satyayomUrtimAn iva iti tajjIvane eva tasya yaza: catasRpi dikSu prasAraM lebhe| tasya dharme nAsId virodha: kasyApi sad vicArasya kasyApi jIvasya nAsIt ahitcintnm| asmin dharme "bahujanahitAya bahujana sukhAya lokAnukampAya" bhAvanA jaagrti| samanvayAtmakavizvakalyANasya bhAvanA aasiit| janasAmAnyAnAM du:khena paritapto'sau gautamabuddha asmAd kiM vA svIyarAjyAt lumbinItaH svayaM yuvakAle vyaktigatasukhaM parityajya samagraparitapta-mAnavatAyAH samuddhArAya mahAbhiniSkramaNaM ckaar| tatazca tena nirvANAkhyaM mahattamaM tattvajAtaM labdhaM tasya ca nirvANasya prAptaye adyApi asaMkhyakAH janAH satataM sAdhanAyAM santIti mahadgauravamasmAkam tena cAsau buddhau bhagavat zabdavAcya iti janatAyA viduSAJca kRtajJatAyAH phlm| tasyaiva bhagavato buddhasya vacanAmRtaiH svIyajIvanapaddhatiM vinirdhArayanto na kevalaM janA apitu anekAni rASTrANyapi vidyantetamAmiti tasya lokottaraM mAhAtmyamadyApi draSTumanubhavituM vA shkyte| punazca tadAnImapi etAdRzaM kAlajAtaM samAgamata yatra tadIyopadeza-prabhAveNa prabhAvitA:

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nepAlarASTre bauddhadarzanasyAdhyanAdhyApanayorvyavasthA tad vizleSaNaM ca 129 santaH azoka-milindazAlivAhana-kaniSka-harSavardhana sadRzAH mahAnta: prazAsakA: svIyavaibhavaiH taM dharmaM vardhitavantaH tathA ca samasta mohamadadoSajAtAn parityajya lokahitatatparAH santaH pavitraM jiivnmtivaahitvntH| nepAlAt prAdurbhUtasya tasya bhagavato buddhasya ayaM sandeza: yUnAna-tUrAna-cIna-jApAnAdizAsakAnAmapi shirodhaaryo'bhvt| asminnAdhunike'pi yuge buddhopadiSTamArgasyAnuyAyinAM saMkhyA hindUnAmapekSayA vipulA vrtte| te ca bauddhAH imaM nepAlaM puNyabhUmiM buddhabhUmi tIrthabhUmiM ca mnynte| sa ca sugata: ekonaviMzativArSike vayasi svIyaM rAjabhavanaM parityajya tapasi pravRtta: vanaM jgaam| kAlAntare bhAratasya puNyabhUmau gayA kSetre tapastepe ssddvrssaanni| tadAnIM sa bhagavAn sambodhi praapnot| aSTAviMzati dinAni sa samAdhisukhe nimgno'bhvt| tacca mahatsukhaM bauddhavAGgamaye bahutra varNitaM vrtte| tacca vijJAnaM yaddhitenAlAbhi tadanyebhyo dAtuM samudyatopi sahasA sNshypdviimaapnot| kRtaH mayA kAThinyena yo hi dharma: labdhaH vyarthaM tasya prkaashnm| rAgadveSAdibhiH saMpRktajanatAyAH kRte na subodho'saudhrmH| pratisrotagAmI sUkSmagabhIraH durbodha: dharmaH rAgAdidoSaiH raJjitAH tamasA AvRttA janAH draSTuM na zaknuvanti iti| etasya majjhimanikAye itthaM varNitaM vartate-"adhigato kho myAyaM dhammo gambhIro duddaso duranubodho santo paNIto atakkAvacaro nipuNo pnndditvedniiyo| AlayarAmA kho panAyaM pajA AlayaratA aalysmmuditaa| AlayarAmAya kho pana pajAya AlayaratAya AlayasammuditAyaM duddasaM idaM ThAnaM ydidN-idppccytaaptticc-smuppaado| idaM pi kho ThAnaM duddasaMyadidaM sabbasaGkhArasamatho sabbUpadhipaTinissaggo tahakkhayo virAgo nirodho nibbaanss| ahaM ceva kho pana dhamma deseyyaM, pare ca me na AjAneyyuM, so mamasya kilamatho, sA mamassa vihesA ti| tathA ceyaM gAthA "kicchena me adhigataM, halaM dAni pakAsituM / rAgadosaparetehi, nAyaM dhammo susambudho / / paTisotagAmi nipuNaM, gambhIraM duddasaM aNuM / rAgarattA na dakkhanti, tamo khandhena AvuTA ti / / evaM satyapi tadAnIM buddhasyAnautsukyaM vilokyaM brahmA tatra sahasA prakaTo vbhuuv| sa ca nivedayAmAsa yallokasya samuddhArAya bhavatA avazyameva hi dharma updessttvyH| tata: parameva bhagavAn buddhaH vArANasImAgatya dharmacakraprarvatanamakaroti iti paramparAvAdinAM mtm| tatastu buddha: lumbinI aajgaam| tatra ca svIyaM bhrAtaraM

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130 zramaNavidyA-3 nandaM bhikSusaMghaM netuM tena mahAn yatnaH kRtH| prAta: eva bhikSArthaM tadgRhaM gato'pi bhikSAmaprApyaiva pratyAvartita iti vijJAya nandaH svakIyAM bhAryAM parityajya gntumutsukH| nandasya tadAnIntanagamanasya varNanaM mahAkavinA azvaghoSena kiyatA manohararupeNa vyadhAyi tadyathA taM gauravaM buddhagataM cakarSa bhAryAnurAgaH punarAcakarSa / so'nizcayAnnApi yayau natasthau tarastaraGgaSviva rAjahaMsaH / / kiyad gauravamasya dezasya, yatra bhagavAna buddhoaavirvbhuuv| yo hi samagrasya jagata: nirvANAya kRtasaMkalpo vrtte| mahAyAnaparamparAyAM tu tAvad buddhaH sthAsyati yAvadasya samagrasya prANijAtasya nirvANaM na bhvti| tAdRzasya buddhasya janmabhUmau tadIya darzanasyAdhyApanavyavasthA pUrNarupeNa adyAvadhi nAsIditi ca khidyate mAdRzAnAM maansm| kintu idAnImatrasthaiH padAdhikAribhiH mahendra saMskRta vizvavidyAlaye bauddhadarzanasya adhyayanAdhyApanayoH vyavasthA satra 1992-93 taH praarbdhm| saubhAgyaM samagrasya buddhaparamparAvAdi smuuhsy| ___ mahendrasaMskRtavizvavidyAlaye saMskRta sammelane gamanena mayA jJAyate yadatra hastalikhitAnAM bauddhagranthAnAM mahAn rAzi astiiti| teSAM granthAnAM sampAdanaM prakAzanaJca yAvat kAlaparyantaM na jAyate tAvat sarve'pi tadIya-granthAdhyetAro vaJcitA eva bhvntiiti| samprati mahendravizvavidyAlayasya bauddhadarzana vibhAgaH teSAmamUlyAnAM grantharatnAnAM prakAzanaM vidhaasyti| teSAM prakAzane sahayogAya vayaM bhAratavAsinaH vizeSata: sampUrNAnanda-saMskRta-vizvavidyAlayasya bauddhadarzana vibhAgaH sarvadA tatparo vrtte| nepAlagamanenetad vijJAtaM yat bauddhaadhyetA zrImAn vI.eca. haDrasana mahodayaH 1833ta: 1843 varSa paryantamiha sthitvA vipulaM bauddhasAhityaM sNgRhiitvaan| tena saMgrahItAbhyaH granthapoTalikAbhyaH SaDazIti (86) poTalikA vaGgasya eziyATikasosAiTi ityAkhya saMsthAyai prdttaaH| paJcAziti (85) poTalikA: rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI ityAkhya landanastha saMsthAyai prdttaaH| trizat (30) poTalikAH bhAratIyakAryAlayapustakAlayAya landanasthAya prdttaaH| sapta (7) poTalikA: veDalina pustakAlayAya yo hi AksaphorDa vizvavidyAlaya vartate tasmai prdttaaH| catuH saptati ekazatottara (174) poTalikA: eziyAphiMga sosAiTI ityAkhyasaMsthAyai prdttaaH|

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nepAlarASTra bauddhadarzanasyAdhyanAdhyApanayorvyavasthA tad vizleSaNaM ca 131 hnt| etAvanto bauddhagranthA asmAt dezAt gatA iti vijJAya kasya bauddhadharmAvalambinaH bauddhagranthAnAM adhyetuH manasi duHkhaM na bhaveta tataH paramapi adyAvadhi ye granthAH santi atra teSAM prakAzanaM vidhIyate vA ? na khalu nepAlena apavAdaM vihAya kazcanApi granthaH prakAzitaH / iyaM nepAlabhUmiH, tatrApi vizeSataH kASThamaNDavastu bauddhagranthAnAM saMrakSaNabhUmi vrtte| yadA bhArate muslimAnAm AkramaNaM vabhUva tadAnIM ye vidvAsaM tataH palAyitA te atraiva Agatya granthasaMrakSaNaM akurvan / dazamazatAbdau yadA tibbataM prati bhAratIyA viddhAMsau jagmuH tadAnIM nepAla eva teSAM mArga AsIta / atraiva sahasrAdhikabauddhagranthAnAM tibbatI bhASAyAM anuvAdo vabhUva / yadA ca nAlandA vizvavidyAlayaH bakhtiyArakhiljInAmakena muslima AtatAyinA prajvAlita: dvAdazazatAbdI tadAnIM ye granthAM avaziSTAH te'pi atraiva AnIya taiH vidvadbhiH saMsthApitAH / ta eva ca granthA adya vizvasmin prakAzyante paThyante pAThyante ca / tAdRze mahanIye deze buddhadharmadarzanayo adhyayanAdhyApanAya yo hi prayAso vidhIyamAno vrtte| yA ca jAgarti iha bauddha vidyAdhyayanAya samprati dRzyate tena vayaM nitarAM prasIdAmaH / bhagavato buddhasya AvirbhAvaH saMsArasya AdhyAtmikapathe kiyAn mahattvapUrNa upalabdhirAsIt tasyAnumAnastu vizvasya asaMkhyakAn tadanuyAyinoM vilokya sahajatayA kartuM zakyate / bauddha vidyAyA adhyayanAya nepAlajanamAnase yA jijJAsA samutpannA vidyate, tena vayaM bhAratavAsino nitAntamutsAhitAH sma asmin viSaye sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlayasya bauddha vidyA adhyayana pramukharupeNa ahaM sarvavidhasahAyatAyaiH saMkalpaM karomi / nepAle paramparAgata bauddha dharmAnuyAyinaH santi / kintu mahanIya zAstrIyaparamparAyAH jJAnAbhAvena zanaiH-zanai hrAsatAM gacchatIti bauddhadharmasya, bauddhakarmakANDasya, bauddhadarzanasya ca jJAnaM teSAM kRte nitAntamAvazyakaM pratibhAti / pAThyakrame bauddhAgama, bauddhatantra, bauddhanyAya, bauddhayoganAJca samAvezaH kartavyaH / bauddhavidyAyAH mUlagranthAH pAlisaMskRtabhASayoH vidyante / yathA pAzcAtyadezeSu tathA ca bhAratasyAdhunikavizvavidyAlayeSu bauddhavidyAyAH yAdRzaH pAThyakramo vartate tAdRk pAThyakrama iha nepAle mahendra saMskRta vizvavidyAlaye naasti| bhAratasya Adhunika vizvavidyAlayeSu vizleSaNapradhAna paddhatirvartate yo hi bauddha

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132 zramaNavidyA-3 dharmadarzananRtyazilpAdayaH sAMskRtikatattvAnAmevAdhyApanaM kaaryti| tayA paddhatyA paramparAgata bauddhavidyAyA: mUloccheda evAbhavat iti daurbhaagymsmaakm| teSu vizvavidyAlayeSu ye paThanti te kevalaM vizleSaNameva kartuM pAraGgatAH jAyanta natu viSayaM samyak rupeNa jaannti| yathA pramANavArtika viSaye te vadanti samyak rupeNa itihAsasya vizleSaNaM kurvanti, kintu tatra kimasti tat na vidnti| ata eva sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya sadRza: evaM mahendra saMskRta vizvavidyAlayasya pAThyakramaH nirdhaarito'sti| adhyApakAnAM cayane'pi paramparAgatAdhyetAraH DaoN. kAzInAtha nyopAne mahodayasya cayanaM jaatN| yAdRzaM bhAratasya Adhunika vizvavidyAleSu bauddhavidyAyAH adhyayanaM jAyate tatra bauddhazilpa, bauddhasthApatya, bauddhAcAra vicAra, bauddhanRtya, bauddhajIvana darzanAdInAmeva vizleSaNena adhyayanena cintanena vA paramparAgata vidyAyAH te vimukhA saJjAtA iti atra nepAle saubhAgyAt na tathAsti iti ahaM jaanaami| atra mahendra vizvavidyAlaye pUrvasnAtake'pi adhyayanaM bhavatIti smiiciinm| AdhunikavizvadyAlayeSu yad hi ema.e. kakSAsu pAThyate tadiha pUrvasnAtaka kakSAyAM pAThayituM shkyte| samprati santAka snAtakottarayoH kRtte sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlayAdeva prAya: pAThyakramaH pracalati / sandarbha grantha 1. bauddhadharmadarzana-AcAryanarendradeva 2. majjhimanikAya--devanAgarIlipi 3. khuddakanikAya-devanAgarIlipi 4. bauddhadarzanamImAMsA--AcAryabaladevaupA. 5. buddhacaritam-mahAkaviazvaghoSaviracita 6. saundarananda-mahAkaviazvaghoSaviracita 7. lalita vistara-mahAkaviazvaghoSaviracita 8. bauddhadharma darzana kA itihAsa DA.jI.sI. pANDeya 9. dhmmpd| 10. bhAratIya darzana-AcAryabaladeva upA. 11. bhArata kA itihaas| 12. vizva kA itihaas|

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baMgAla ke prAcIna bauddhavihAroM meM zramaNoM ke niyama aura zikSA vyavasthA zrI SaSThIpada, cakravartI prAdhyApaka, ke.bau.vi. saMsthAna, cogalamasara, leha, ladAkha bauddha yuga meM zikSA bhinna prakAra kI hotI huI bhI bhArata kI ekAtmakatA ke sAtha milatI thI / bauddha vihAra kendrika zikSA vyavasthA ke sAtha hI bAhyajagat se zikSA grahaNa ke bhI mAdhyama bane hue the| prAcIna baGgAla meM zikSA ke aneka viSaya jAnane ko milate hai / usa samaya kI zikSA vyavasthA kA bhAra bauddha bhikSuoM ke Upara hI thA / bhikSu nirbAdha rUpa se zikSA de sake isake lie baGgAla ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM nAlandA vihAra kI taraha vihAroM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| ina sabhI vihAroM meM asaMkhya bhikSu dUsare prAntoM se Akara zikSA grahaNa karate the| nAgArjuna koNDAlipi ke dvArA jJAta hotA hai ki ati prAcIna kAla meM hI baGgAla meM bauddhavihAroM kA nirmANa ho cukA thA / baGgAla theravAdI paramparA ke bhikSuoM kA kendra thaa| ye sambhavataH tIsarI aura cauthI I.pU. ke rahe hoge| isake pahale bhI isa deza meM mauryayuga meM uttara baGgAla prAcIna puNDavardhana nAma se vikhyAta kSetra meM bhI bauddhavihAra the| yaha mahAsthAna gar3alipi ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| bAr3ha aura agni Adi se khAdyAnna kI kSati hone para vihAroM meM ekatrita khAdya sAmagrI Ama AdamI ko dI jAtI thI / pUrvabaGgAla meM jo Aja baGgalAdeza ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, vahA~ para aneka vihAra the| isakA jJAna hame gunAighaTa lipi se mAluma hotA hai| vanyagupta ne 508 guptAbda meM AcArya zAntideva ke dvArA nirmita mahAyAna sampradAya bauddhavihAra ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| cInadeza se jo saba bhramaNakArI bhArata varSa meM Aye the una logo ke yAtrA vRttAntoM se jAnakArI milatI hai ki kArjaGgala, samataTa, paNDuvardhana aura tAmralipti (vartamAna meM tamaluka) meM bahuta sAre bauddhavihAra aura vidyAlaya the| .

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134 zramaNavidyA-3 itihAsakAroM ne kArjaGgala ko vartamAna meM rAjamahala, paNDuvardhana ko vagur3A jilA yA usake najadIka koI sthAna, tamatara vihAra ko tripurA yA noyAkhAlI jilA, karNa savarNa ko murzidAvAda jilA aura tAmralipti ko (vartamAna me tamaluka) medinIpura jilA ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| yuvAcvAG (630-640 IsvI) baGgAla meM Akara kArjaGgala meM 6-sAta bauddhavihAra aura tIna sau bhikSuoM ko rahate huye dekhA thaa| unhoMne paNDuvardhana meM karIba tIsa bauddhavihAra dekhe the jinameM hInayAna aura mahAyAna sampradAya ke lagabhaga tIna hajAra bhikSu rahate the| yuvAGgacvAG ne rAjadhAnI puNDavardhana ke samIpa bauddhavidyA niketana kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jisameM eka bahuta bar3A sabhA kakSa aura do maJjilA imArata thii| vahA~ para sAta sau mahAyAna bhikSuoM kA nivAsa sthAna bhI thA, pUrva bhArata ke aneka bhikSu yahA~ Akara bauddhavidyAoM kA adhyayana adhyApana karate the| usa bauddha vidyA niketana kA nAma bhAsuvihAra thaa| karNasuvarNa meM bhI bauddhoM kA bahuta prabhAva thaa| yahA~ tIna vihAroM meM devadatta sampradAya ke bhikSu the| unake siddhAnta ke anusAra dugdhapAna niSedha thaa| yahA~ bhI rAjadhAnI ke samIpa 'raktavIti' yA 'raktamRttikA' (usa me thor3A sandeha hai ki vAstava meM kyA nAma hai) nAma kA eka bauddhavidyAniketana thA, jisameM bahuta dUra-dUra se prasiddha bauddhabhikSu Akara rahate the| cIna deza ke bhikSuoM ke lie zrIgupta ne eka bauddhavihAra kA nirmANa karAyA thA jisakA ullekha itsiG ke 56 bauddha bhikSuoM se sambandhita grantha meM hai| isa vihAra kA nAma 'mRgazikhAvana vihAra' thaa| prasiddha itihAsa vid DaoN. bIrendra candra gAMgulI ne isa vihAra kA sthAna murzidAvAda jilA meM ullekhita kiyA hai| cInI bhramaNakAriyoM ke anusAra samataTa meM bhI bauddhadharma kA prabhAva bahata adhika thaa| suvAcvAG ne vahAM para tIsa bauddhavihAra aura theravAdI sampradAya ke do hajAra bhikSuoM ko rahate huye dekhA thaa| Hwuilun ne ise eka pramukha bauddhazikSA kendra mAnA hai| seG cuG ne apanI vivaraNoM meM likhA hai ki samataTa ke bauddha rAjA 'rAjabhaTTa' eka mahAna dhArmika aura triratna ke upAsaka the| ___ uparokta cInI yAtrI ke yAtrAvRttAnta se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ina saba sthAnoM meM se tAmralipti (vartamAna meM tamaluka) hI saMskRta bhASA aura bauddhadharma darzana ke adhyayana ke lie sabase uttama sthAna thA, tatkAlIna bhaugolika pathanirdeza se jJAta hotA hai| cIna se Ane ke lie samudra patha se hI bhArata

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baGgAla ke prAcIna bauddhavihAroM meM zramaNoM ke niyama evaM zikSA-vyavasthA 135 varSa meM AnA hotA thA, aura yahI se jahAja meM car3hanA hotA thaa| sarva prathama tAmralipti meM hI utaranA hotA thaa| isakA jJAna hameM huIlana (Hwilun) ke mArga nirdeza se hotA hai| phAhiyana ne do varSoM taka tAmralipti meM rahakara sUtragranthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thA, aura buddhamUrti kA citraNa kiyA thA, unake samaya meM yahA~ para lagabhaga 22 bauddhavihAra the aura sabhI vihAroM meM bauddhabhikSu rahate the| yuvAcvAG ne dasa vihAra aura eka hajAra bhikSu dekhe the| yahA~ para hAG nAmake eka mahAyAnI bauddha bhikSu ne bAraha varSa taka nivAsa kara saMskRta bhASA kA adhyayana kiyA thA, bhikSuzIlaprabhA tAmralipti meM tIna sAla taka saMskRta bhASA sIkhane ke lie rahe the| Hiun-Ta yahA~ eka varSa taka saMskRta bhASA sIkhane ke liye rhe| yuyAM-cuyAM kA eka vidyArthI yahA~ bAraha varSa taka rahA aura saMskRta bhASA kA bahuta bar3A vidvAn bnaa| itsiG ne vahA~ jahAja se utara kara usakA darzana kiyA aura tAmralipti meM pAMca mAsa taka rahakara bhASA sIkhakara unake sAtha bhArata varSa ke aura bauddhatIrtha sthaloM ke darzanArtha gyaa| itsiG ne apanI yAtrA vivaraNI meM bhArAhA vihAra kI zikSA vyavasthA aura anuzAsana ke viSaya meM likhA hai| unhoMne apane vivaraNa meM yaha bhI uddhRta kiyA ki usa samaya tAmralipti meM pA~ca bauddhavihAra the| pAla rAjAoM ke samaya meM baGgAla meM aneka bauddha vihAroM kA nirmANa huA, jinameM dharmapAla kA sarvAdhika yogadAna rhaa| unake dvArA nirmita mukhya vihAroM meM se magadha meM vikramazilA vihAra, virendra somapura vihAra, baGgAla meM vikramapurI vihAra, pahAr3apura ke gvAla vihAra pramukha haiN| satyapIra TIle ke purAtAtvika utkhanana se yahA~ eka bahuta bar3e bauddhavihAra kI jAnakArI milI hai| isa vihAra meM bhikSuoM ke nivAsa ke lie choTe-choTe dau sau kamare nikale hai, aura pratyeka kamare meM mUrti rakhane kI bhI vyavasthA thii| purAtatvikoM kA anumAna hai ki isa vihAra meM lagabhaga eka hajAra bhikSu rahate the aura vihAra ke samIpa satyapIra TIle meM eka bauddha tArAdevI ke bar3A mandira bhI prakAza meM AyA hai| utkhanana se dharmapAla ke dvArA nirmita somapura vihAra ke bhikSusaMgho ke nAmAGkita kucha zilApaTTa bhI mile hai, jinameM vIryendrabhadra nAma ke samataTa-nivAsI bhikSu ne somapura vihAra ko eka buddhamUrti dAna meM dI thii| sambhavataH vIryendrabhadra kA kAla dazavIM zatAbdI rahA hogA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| navamI se gyAravIM zatAbdI taka isa vihAra ko deza-videza meM bahuta acchA mAnA jAtA thaa| tibbatI itihAsa

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zramaNavidyA- 3 se jJAta hotA hai, ki AcArya bodhibhadra isa vihAra meM rahate the, AcArya dIpaGkara zrIjJAna atIsa ne isa vihAra meM kucha dina rahakara isa vihAra ke dUsare AcAryoM ke sahayoga se AcArya bhAva viveka dvArA likhita 'mAdhyamikaratna pradIpa' kA anuvAda kiyA thA / 136 tibbatI zAstra (tegura) ke uddharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vikramapurI vihAra baGgAla meM thA AcArya kumAracandra ne isa vihAra meM rahate huye eka tantra grantha likhA thA, aura indrabhUti kI putrI lIlAvajra aura tibbatI zramaNa puNyadhvaja ne milakara usa tAntrika grantha kA tibbatI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA thaa| cInI itihAsakAra prAga-sAmajan- jAM ne likhA hai ki traikuTaka vihAra baGgAla meM thA, isa vihAra meM AcArya haribhadra ne rAjAdharmapAla ke anurodha para aSTasAhasrikA prajJApAramitA kI AcArya nAgArjuna aura maitreyanAtha ke siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para eka TIkA likhI thI, vaha TIkA abhI bhI saMskRta meM upalabdha hai aura aSTa sAhasrikA prajJApAramitA para sabase acchI TIkA mAnI jAtI hai| vikramazilA vihAra ke magadha meM sthita hone para bhI yahA~ aneka AcArya aura bhikSu baGgAla se Akara rahate the| AcArya jetAri ne (940 - 980 ) IsvI meM vikramazilA vihAra se rAjapaNDita kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| vikramazilAvihAra meM adhyApaka ke rUpa meM ratnakIrti, ratnavajra, jJAnazrImitra, ratnAkara zAnti, yAmArI Adi AcAryo kI gaNanA khyAtilabdha vidvAnoM meM hotI thI / rAjA rAmapAla ne jagaddala vihAra nirmANa karAke usameM avalokitezvara aura tArAmUrti kI sthApanA kI thii| ukta vihAra baGgAla aura karatoyA nadI ke saMgama para sthita rAmAvatI nagara meM nirmita thA aisA itihAsakAroM kA mata hai / AcArya vibhUti candradAnazIla, mokSAkaragupta, subhAkaragupta, dharmAkaragupta Adi prasiddha AcArya isa vihAra meM rahate the / tibbatI vidvAn isa vihAra meM Akara ina AcAryo kI sahAyatA se saMskRta bauddha granthoM kA tibbatI bhASA meM anuvAda karate the / cInI bhramaNakArI prAga-sAma- jan- jAM ne apane yAtrA vRttAnta meM likhA hai ki caTagAMva ke paNDita vihAra meM tantravidyA kA adhyayana hotA thA / isa vihAra bhikSu tilipA tantra vidyA ke prasiddha AcArya the, yaha unake ziSya nAr3apAda kI tantra vidyA meM khyAti se jJAta hotA hai / tibbatI itihAsa se jJAta hotA hai ki paTTI keraka nagara meM eka vihAra thA, isa vihAra meM baiThakara AcArya nAr3apAda ne vajrapAda sAra saMgraha grantha likhA thA /

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baGgAla ke prAcIna bauddhavihAroM meM zramaNoM ke niyama evaM zikSA-vyavasthA 137 usa samaya ina saba vihAroM ko surakSita rakhane ke lie aura bhikSuoM kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie rAjAoM se dAna milatA thA, jaise 'mRgazikhAvana' vihAra ke kharca hetu zrIgupta ne vIsa grAma dAna meM diye the, kRSi yogya jamIna kI Aya se hI vihAroM kA kharca calatA thA, isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya ina vihAro ke Arthika vyaya kA sampUrNa bhAra rAjAoM aura dhArmika janatA dvArA diye dAna se hI calatA thaa| cInI yAtrI itsiG ne apanI yAtrA vRttAnta meM bhArA vihAra ke viSaya meM vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai, usa samaya bhikSuoM kI jIvana praNAlI aura zikSA Adi ke viSaya meM jJAta hotA hai ki bhikSuoM ke lie kRSi kArya niSiddha thA, isalie vihAra ke sannikaTa gA~va ke kRSakoM ko khetI dI jAtI thii| kisAna usa khetI se utpanna dhAnya ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara vihAra ko dete the| usa samaya sabhI vihAroM kI kRSi yogya jamIna aura bagIce Adi hote the; yaha saba usa samaya ke rAjAoM ke dvArA dAna meM diyA jAtA thA kyoMki vihAra meM nivAsa kara rahe bhikSuoM kA khAnA aura zikSA Adi usI para nirbhara thaa| bhArAvihAra meM yaha saba kArya dekhane ke lie jisa bhikSu ko niyukta kiyA jAtA thA usako karmadAna se jAnA jAtA thaa| unakA kArya isa prakAra hotA thA, vihAra meM ghaNTI bajAnA, caubIsa ghaNTe meM ATha bAra ghaNTA dhvani hotA thA, prAta: kAla cAra baje ghaNTA dhvani ke dvArA bhikSuoM ko zayana se jagAkara buddhacintana meM dhyAna lagAnA, dvitIyavAra ghaNTI bajAkara nahAne ke lie aura pUjA ke lie sabhI bhikSuoM ko sUcita karanA, dina ko bAraha baje ghaNTA dhvani ke dvArA bhikSuoM ko khAne ke lie ekatrita karanA, isa prakAra bhikSuoM ko vihAroM meM niyama pAlana ke lie ghaNTA dhvani hotI thI, isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya vihAroM tathA unase sambandhita zikSAlayoM meM kitanA acchA anuzAsana thaa| 'bhArAvihAra' kisI bAhya vyakti ke adhIna nahIM thA, usa vihAra ke mukhya bhikSu ke dvArA nirvAcita kArya pariSadoM ke dvArA sabhI prakAra ke kArya aura vihAra ke niyama Adi kA nirdhAraNa hotA thA, yaha kArya pariSada vihAra ke sthavira karmadAna, vayovRddha bhikSuoM, bhikSuNI, zramaNa, upAsaka evaM upAsikAoM ko lekara nirvAcita hotA thaa| vinaya niyama kA pAlana yahA~ itanI dRr3hatA se hotA thA ki yadi koI vyakti kisI bhikSu ko khAne ke lie kucha detA thA to vaha pariSad

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138 zramaNavidyA-3 kI svIkRti vinA use khA nahIM sakatA thA, isa prakAra ke aneka niyama the, jaise bhikSuoM ko kArya pariSadoM ke niyama se hI calanA, taviparIta AcaraNa karane para unheM vihAra se niSkAsita kara diyA jAtA thA, yadi koI bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu se milanA cAhatI hai to vaha pariSadoM kI AjJA para hI mila sakatI thI, vaha kisI bhikSu ke kamare meM nahIM jA sakatI thI, kisI kAraNavaza use bAhara jAnA hotA yA kisI gRhasvAmI ke yahA~ jAnA hotA thA to cAra bhikSuNI milakara hI jA sakatI thii| ___ bar3e AcArya aura bhikSuoM ke rahane ke lie kArya pariSada hI kamare kI vyasthA karatI thI, vihAra ke paricArakoM ko una bhikSuoM aura AcAryoM ke kArya ke nimitta Adeza kArya pariSad hI detI thI, jo AcArya pratidina dharma upadeza karate the unake vihAroM ke dainika kAryoM ko karane meM pratibandha nahIM hotA thA, yadi koI gRhasvAmI bhikSu banane kI icchA prakaTa karatA thA to use vihAra kI kArya pariSadoM se Adeza lenA hotA thA, kArya pariSad usa vyakti ke viSaya meM pUrNa jAnakArI ke uparAnta hI usako pahale upAsaka, taduparAnta bhikSu banAtI thI, usake pazcAt vihAra ke rajiSTara paMjikA meM usakA pajIkaraNa hotA thaa| agara koI bhikSu vihAra kA niyama bhaGga karatA thA to use vihAra se niSkASita karane kA adhikAra kArya pariSadoM ko hotA thaa,| pratyeka mAsa ke cAra dina zAma ko pratyeka vihAra se bhikSu ina vihAra meM ekatrita hokara vihAra ke niyama aura vinaya ke viSaya meM AlocanA karate the aura una niyamoM para calane ke lie sabhI ko prerita karate the| videzI bhikSu ke rahane aura bhojana Adi kA prabandha ina pariSadoM dvArA hI kiyA jAtA thaa| pAMca dina taka videzI bhikSu ko uttama bhojana diyA jAtA thA, usake bAda usako vihAra ke anya bhikSuoM ke samAna hI bhojana diyA jAtA thaa| bhagavAn buddha ke triratna kI upAsanA hI pratyeka bhikSu kI mukhya pUjA thI, vihAra meM buddhamUrti kI pUjA pratyeka bhikSu kA pratidina kA niyama thaa| prAta:kAla vihAra kI ghaNTAdhvani ke sAtha hI sabhI bhikSuoM ke samakSa vihAra kI buddhamUrti ko sugandhita pAnI se dhokara pochakara usakI puSpa aura agarabattI dvArA pUjA kI jAtI thii| yaha kArya pariSadoM ke Adeza se hI karanA par3atA thA, isake pazcAt bhikSu apane apane kamare meM jAkara usI prakAra mUrti kI pUjA karate the|

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baGgAla ke prAcIna bauddhavihAroM meM zramaNoM ke niyama evaM zikSA vyavasthA 139 zAma ko kAryadAna kI ghaNTA dhvani ko sunakara vihAra ke bhikSu vihAra kA aura stUpoM kI parikramA ke lie ekatrita hote the| stUpoM aura vihAra kA parikramA karane ke bAda bhagavAna buddha kA stotra pATha karate the| usake bAda pUjA bhavana meM ekatrita hote the, vahA~ para bar3e bhikSu ke sAtha sUtrapATha aura bodhicaryA - vatAra Adi granthoM kA pATha karate the| taduparAnta bhakti sUtra se dasa zloka pATha karake pUjA kA samApana karate huye bodhisattva aura arhatoM ke samakSa nata mastaka hote the, prAtaH cAra baje kI ghaNTA dhvani hone para bhikSuoM apane apane kakSa me jAkara dhyAna aura buddha prArthanA karate the / yahI vihAra ke bhikSu saMgho kI dinacaryA thI, bhArata varSa ke pratyeka vihAra meM aura bhArA vihAra meM bhI bhikSu gRhasvAmiyoM ke putroM ko zikSA dete the aura gurU dakSiNA ke rUpa meM ziSyoM se jamIna Adi prApta hotI thI jo ki bhaviSya meM vihAroM kI sampatti bnii| jo ziSya bhikSu banane kI aura zAstra adhyayana karane ke lie Ate the una saba upAsako ko zveta vastra dhAraNa karanA hotA thA, aura jo ziSya mAtra jJAna prApta karane ke lie Ate the, unako brahmacArI kahA jAtA thA, ye donoM prakAra ke ziSya vihAra meM bhojana aura vastra kA kharca svayaM hI vahana karate the| unheM bhojana aura vastra ke lie dhana vihAra ke bhikSu saMgha se prApta nahIM hotA thA, lekina yadi koI vidyArthI saMgha ke lie kucha kArya karatA thA to usako bhikSu saMgha ke koSAgAra se kucha artha pradAna kiyA jAtA thA yA vihAra meM binA kharca se bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA hotI thI / pratidina prAtaH kAla meM vidyArthI gurU ke samakSa upasthita hote the tathA gurU ko praNAma karake adhyayana prArambha karate the| usa samaya vihAra meM chaH sAla kI Ayu meM zikSA prArambha hotI thI, ATha sAla se pandraha sAla taka vidyArthiyoM ko sUtra, dhAtu, vibhakti aura pANini ke sUtra Adi kA adhyayana karAyA jAtA thA / cInadeza ke bhikSu ne tAmralipti ( vartamAna meM tamaluka) meM Akara pahale pANini ke vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana karate the| usa samaya ke vihAra sthita zikSAlayoM kI zikSA vyavasthA meM ina viSayoM kI zikSA dI jAtI thI, 1. zabdavidyA 2. zilpavidyA 3. cikitsAzAstra 4. hetuvidyA 5. adhyAtmavidyA Adi kA gahana adhyayana karAyA jAtA thA aura upAsakoM ke lie vinayapiTaka evaM bauddhadharma se sambandhita granthoM kA adhyayana karAyA jAtA thA / usa samaya vihAroM meM adhyAtma zikSA ke sAtha sAtha cikitsAzAstra ke adhyayana ke lie takSazilA sabase acchA mAnA jAtA thA / milinda paJho evaM

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140 zramaNavidyA-3 jAtaka Adi granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki brAhmaNa zikSA aura bauddha zikSA donoM ne milakara bhAratavarSa kI zikSA aura saMskRti ko unnata kiyaa| hindU saMnyAsiyoM aura bauddhabhikSu tapovana aura vihAroM meM nahIM rahe balki unhoMne videza meM paribhramaNa kara RSi aura munioM aura bhagavAn buddha ke upadezoM kA pracAra kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa unhoMne veda, itihAsa, purANa, chanda, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa Adi zikSAoM ke sAtha-sAtha tarkavidyA, hetuvidyA, cikitsAvidyA, zilpavidyA aura saMgItavidyA Adi ko eka sUtra meM grathita kara bhAratIya saMskRti ko caramotkarSa para le jA ske| usa samaya vihAra adhyAtma zikSA kendra the| bhAravihAra, takSazilA aura tAmralipti vihAroM meM adhyAtma zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika jIvana vyavasthA kI zikSA dI jAtI thii| yahI bhAratIya zikSA kA sarvamAnya mUla mantra thA "zraddhayA deyam zraddhayA Adeyam' / / iti zam / /

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bhoTa deza meM bauddhadharma evaM zramaNaparamparA kA Agamana zrI pemA gAravaGga prAdhyApaka esa. AI. eca. ena. esa. zeDA, devarAlI, ganToka, sikkim| bhoTa deza meM sarva prathama rAjA ANI cenpo se lekara 28 veM rAjA lhA thothorI benacena ke pUrva kAla taka bauddha dharma kA kahIM ullekha hI nahIM thA, magara lhA tho thorIjenacena ke samaya para unheM kucha sUtra aura mantra ke pustaka tathA svarNa stUpa prApta huA, jisakA artha na samajhane para bhI ise atyanta gopanIya batA kara pUjane lage aura isakA artha pA~ca puztoM ke bAda samajha meM AyegA ityAdi bhaviSyavANI ke rUpa meM rAjA ne svapna meM dekhaa| isa taraha bhagavAna buddha ke parinirvANa ke lagabhaga 777 varSa ke bAda tibbata yAnI bhoTa deza meM sarvaprathama bauddha dharma ke Arambha kA samaya mAnA jAtA hai| ThIka pA~ca puztoM ke bAda 33 veM dharma rAja soGa cena gampo ne apane rAjya suvyavasthita rUpa se calAne ke liye (bhASA) lipI kA honA saba se mahatvapUrNa jAna kara apane mantriyoM meM se thonamI anu yA saMbhoTa ke sAtha anya 16sarva zreSTha buddhi vAle yuvAoM ko svarNa Adi dekara Arya deza meM adhyayana ke liye bhejaa| magara ina sabhI meM se saMbhoTa hI eka mAtra saphala hokara lauTA aura vArmana kAla aura gupta kAla ke samaya para uttara bhArata meM pracalita lipI zAradA aura nAgarI ke AdhAra para bhoTa bhASA kI lipI kI racanA kI jisa meM cAra svara aura tIsa vyajana ko nirdhArita kiyaa| vyAkaraNa se sambandhita ATha pustaka bhI likhA magara una meM aba taka pracalita do ko mAnA jAtA hai| eka hai, svara aura vyaJjana kA prayoga tathA dUsarA liGga kA bhed| isa taraha thonmI saMbhoTa ne Arya deza ke AcArya kumAra, brahmana zaMkara ityAdi ke sAtha kaI granthoM kA bhoTa bhASA meM anuvAda bhI kiyaa| rAjA ne cIna aura nepAla ke rAjakumArI se vivAha kiyA, ve rAniyA~ apane sAtha vahA~ se buddha ke do pratimA bhI le

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142 zramaNavidyA-3 AI jinheM pazcAt tibbata ke rAmoche aura rAsA Thula nAGa maTha meM sthApita kara rAjA ne bhoTa deza meM bauddha dharma kI sthApanA kii| phira ThIka pA~ca puztoM ke bAda 38 veM dharmarAja NIsoGa deucena ne apane pUrvajoM se prerita hokara jana samudAya ke kalyANa hetu kucha kArya-krama nirdhArita kiyA jina meM se vizeSa kara samaye nAmaka sthAna meM eka bhavya vihAra kA nimArNa kiyA tAki usa meM bauddha dharma kA adhyana-adhyApana kiyA jA ske| zIghra hI bhUmi parIkSaNa ke pazcAt vihAra kA nirmANa prArambha kiyA phira bhI cauMkA dene vAlI bAta yaha thI ki dina meM manuSyoM ke dvArA kie gae kAma ko rAta meM bhUta-preta dvArA naSTa kara miTTI aura patthara jahA~ kA tahA~ pahu~cA diyA jAtA thaa| isa lie rAjA, mantriyoM sabhI ne cintita hokara rAjaguru se salAha liyA aura una ke kathanAnusAra Arya deza ke mahApaNDita zAntarakSita ko bhoTa deza meM Amantrita kiyaa| lhAsA se hokara samaye ke DAkamara rAjamahala paha~cane para AcArya ne vihAra nirmANa sthala meM bhUmi adhiSThAna kiyA aura dasa kuzala, aThAraha dhAtu, dvAdasa pratItyasamutpAda se sambandhita dharma upadeza dene para bhUtapreta, pizAca, rAkSasa Adi ne krodhita ho kara lhAsA ke lAla pahAr3a para vajrapAta kiyaa| para phaGathaGa rAja mahala bAr3ha meM baha gayA aura aneka taraha kI mahAmArI phailane se prajA meM vidroha ho gayA aura dharma ko doSI ThaharAne lage, isase rAjA, mantrI sabhI ne cintita hokara mahApaNDita zAntarakSita se samAdhAna ke liye salAha lI aura unake kathanAnusAra Arya deza se sarvazreSTha ujjaina ke mahAguru AcAryapadmasaMbhava ko Amantrita karane se hI sabhI kI manokAmanA pUrNa hogii| tatkAla rAjA ne bhasalanaGa, nAnama dorje dUdajoma aura sahayogiyoM ko nimantraNa aura aneka mUlyavAna ratna ke sAtha Arya deza bhejaa| ve saba dUta meDyula nAma ke sthAna para pahu~ce, jo zAyada nepAla aura tibbata kI sImA para haiN| AcArya padmasambhava Rddhi zakti dvArA usa sthAna para pahale hI pahu~ca cuke the| dUtoM ko anajAna bana kara pUchane para batAyA ki ve loga tibbata ke rAjA ke AdezAnusAra bhArata meM AcArya padmasaMbhava ko nimantrita karane ke liye jA rahe haiN| to AcArya padmasaMbhava ne apane paira binA jamIna para TikAye Tahalate hue batAyA ki, maiM kaI dinoM se tuma sabhI kI pratIkSA kara rahA huuN| unhoneM aTala vizvAsa meM nimantraNa tathA svarNa ityAdi bheMTa ke rUpa meM car3hAyA to sAre "svarNa tibbata kI ora uchAlate huai bhaviSya ke liye maMgala kAmanA ke sAtha

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bhoTa deza meM bauddhadharma evaM zramaNa paramparA kA Agamana tibbata ke liye prasthAna kiyaa| jaise hI AcArya padmasaMbhava ne tibbata kI sImA meM praveza kiyA to bhUta-preta, pizAca - rAkSasa Adi irSyA ke kAraNa azAnta ho utthe| una meM se yaralhA zAmpoM, gaGakara zAmeda, jenachena thaha jaise zaktizAlI preta aura anya jisa kisI ne bhI hAnI pahu~cAne kA prayAsa kiyA ve zaktihIna ( mUrchita ho gye| usa ke pazcAt una sabhI ne dharmapAloM ke rUpa meM apane bala aura zakti kA prayoga karane kI pratijJA lI / tatpazcAt ThIsoGa decchena ne sammAna pUrvaka AcArya padmasaMbhava jI kA svAgata kiyaa| dharmarAja kI prArthanA para ArcAya ne otentapurI vihAra se preraNA lekara samaye mahAvihAra kA zilanyAsa kiyA evaM dharma-pAloM aura bhUta-preta, pizAca, manuSya Adi ke dvArA prathama bauddha mahAvihAra kI sthApanA sampanna huI / jo bajrayAna kA kendra bindu ke rUpa meM jAnA gyaa| AcArya padmasaMbhava, mahApaNDita zAntarakSita aura dharmarAja ThIsoGa decchena (khena lhopa chossuma ) ina tInoM ne samaye mahAvihAra ko pAramparika DhaMga se pratiSThA pradAna kI / 143 bauddhadharma ko pUrNa rUpa se vistAra evaM vikasita karane ke liye bauddha bhikSu yA zramaNoM kA honA saba se mahatvapUrNa thA isaliye sarvAstivAda ke bAraha bhikSu tibbata meM Amantrita kie gye| zAntarakSita ne upAdhyAya ke rUpa meM sarva prathama sAta bAlakoM ko parIkSaNa ke liye prabrajyA pradAna kiyA aura bAda meM tIna sau se adhika logoM ko prabrajyA pradAna kara bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA kI / berocAnA, kavA palaccheka, cokaro luyI jJAlachena, zAGa yezede ityAdi ko bharata meM bauddha darzana ke adhyana ke liye bhejA gyaa| adhyana pUrNa karane ke bAda meM vidvAn svadeza lauTa kara bauddha zAstroM ke anuvAda meM juTa gaye / isa ke pazcAt Arya deza ke suprasiddha vizvavidyAlaya nAlandA aura vikramazilA se mahA paNDita AcArya vimalamitra, zAntigarbha, dharmakIrti aura AcArya kamalazIla jaise eka sau ATha vidvAnoM ne tibbata meM kAgyUra - 108 aura nagyUra - 218 pustakoM kA anuvAda kiyaa| bAda meM isI kA JiGamA, prAcIna matake nAma se jAnA gyaa| isa prakAra bauddha dharma tibbata meM vyApaka rUpa se . phailA aura isa taraha gRhastha aura bhikSu zramaNoM kI paramparA aba taka bauna ko jor3akara JiGamA, kAgyuda, sAkya aura geluka sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM pracalita hai| ye sabhI apane-apane maTha aura bauddha vihAroM meM akSuNNa rUpa se abhyAsarata pAye jAte haiN|

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144 zramaNavidyA-3 ___saMkSipta meM kahA jAya to dvitIya buddha mahAguru padmasaMbhava, mahApaNDitoM aura dharma rAjAoM ke AzIrvAda ke phalasvarUpa Aja isa yuga meM bhI jahA~ eka ora moha, dveSa, IrSyA se bharA huA saMsAra hai to dUsarI ora deza videza sAre . vizva meM bauddha dharma phalatA-phUlatA vizva zAnti ke liye dayA, karuNA aura bhAIcAre jaise sandezoM para bhI cintana karatA dekhA jA sakatA haiN| __ isaliye antata: mahAgurU AcArya padmasaMbhava aura una mahAtmAoM ko sacce hRdaya se zraddhA sumana arpita karate hue koTi-koTi praNAma karatA huuN| / / bhavatu sarvamaGgalam / /

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jainadarzana meM karma-siddhAnta DaoN. sudIpa jaina upAcArya, prAkRta vibhAga zrIlAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karma-nivarhaNam / saMsAradukhataH satvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe|| (ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra) isa magaMla padya meM AcArya samantabhadra ne dharma ko karma-nivAraka batAyA hai tathA usake phalasvarUpa jIvoM ko sAMsArika duHkha se mukti evaM uttama sukhakI prApti honA pratipAdita kiyA hai| 'karma' darzanazAstra kA pradhAna viSaya karma siddhAta darzanazAstra kA pradhAna tathA mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| sabhI darzanoM meM isa viSaya para vizeSa ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| jaise, sukha-duHkha kA anveSaNa karate hue nyAya-vaizeSika meM kahA gayA hai- "saMsAra meM koI sukhI hai koI duHkhI hai, kisI ko khetI Adi karane se vizeSa lAbha hotA hai, isake viparIta kisI ko hAni hotI hai, kisI ko acAnaka saMpatti mila jAtI hai aura kisI para sahasA bijalI gira jAtI hai,- ye saba kisI dRSTa-kAraNa ke nimitta se nahIM hai, ata: inakA koI adRSTa-kAraNa mAnanA caahie| mahAtmA buddha ne bhI kahA hai- he mAnava! sabhI jIva apane karmoM se hI phala kA bhoga karate haiN| sabhI jIva apane karmoM ke Apa mAlika haiM, apane karmoM ke anusAra hI nAnA yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiN| apanA karma hI apanA baMdhu hai, apanA karma hI apanA Azraya hai| karma se hI prANI UMce aura nIce hote haiN| 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, prastAvanA, pRSTha 2 / 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, prastAvanA, pRSTha 2 /

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zramaNavidyA- 3 isa prakAra sukha-duHkha aura janma maraNa ke kAraNa para sAMkhyayogAdi sabhI darzanikoM ne gaharA anucintana kiyA hai / parantu isa viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI ekamata hai ki janma-maraNa kA kAraNa vyakti ke apane pariNAma hote haiM, pariNAma se karma aura karma se gatiyoM meM bhramaNa hotA hai| gatiyoM kI prApti hone para zarIra, zarIra meM indriyA~, indriyoM se viSayoM kA grahaNa aura viSayoM ko grahaNa karane se rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra anAdikAla se jIva kA yaha saMsAra cakra calA A rahA hai| 146 sAMkhya aura mImAMsA - darzana meM bhI saMskAroM tathA usake bIjabhUta karma kA ullekha karate huye kahA gayA hai "jisa prakAra bIja se aMkura aura aMkura se bIja hotA hai, usI prakAra saMskAra se karma tathA karma se saMskAra utpanna hotA hai / " www karma ke sAdhana mana, vacana tathA kAya se tIna hote haiM, jinake dvArA prANI pratikSaNa kucha na kucha karatA rahatA hai aura unase aMta:karaNa meM sahajarUpa se saMskAroM kA nirmANa hotA rahatA hai| ve saMskAra zubhAzubha puNya-pAparUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jainadarzana meM inakA vivecana karate huye kahA gayA hai"kAyavAGmanaH karmayogaH " " zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya' arthAt mana-vacana-kAya se prANI jo kucha bhI karatA hai, vaha zubha aura azubharUpa hotA hai| zubha 'puNya' kA kAraNa hai aura azubha 'pApa' kA kAraNa hai| isI prakAra manujI ne 'manusmRti' meM kahA hai " zubhAzubhaphalaM karma manovAgdehasambhavam / " arthAt mana-vacana-kAya se kiye jAne vAle karmoM kA phala zubha yA azubha hotA hai| yogadarzana meM bhI isI prakAra puNya-pApa ke hetu zubhAzubha karmoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra puNya-pApa, zubha-azubha karmoM kA ullekha kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI darzanoM meM prApta hotA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ise 'dharma-adharma' kahate hai, mImAMsA darzana meM ise 'apUrva' kahA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM ise hI 'karma' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| bauddha dharma meM kuzala tathA akuzala karmoM' ke dvArA karma-viSayaka siddhAta kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 1. sAMkhyakArikA, 67 2. manusmRti, a. 11, zlo. 3

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jainadarzana meM karma siddhAMta 147 karma-siddhAnta kA ullekha anya darzanoM meM prAsaMgikarUpa se hI prApta hotA hai| parantu jainadarzana kI tAttvika aura kArmika donoM hI dhArAyeM samAnarUpa se sAtha-sAtha calatI rahI haiN| yogadarzanakAra maharSi pataMjali ne 'dRSTa aura janma vedanIya' ke rUpa meM kevala do adhikAroM kI sthApanA kI hai| vedAntadarzana meM svAmI zaMkarAcArya ne 'AgAmI, saMcita aura prArabdha' trividha karmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha ullekha bhI atyaMta saMkSipta tathA saMketa mAtra pAyA jAtA hai, jisase karma-siddhAMta kI gahanatA kA spaSTa paricaya prApta nahIM hotaa| __ karma-siddhAMta kI gahanatA kA paricaya dene ke liye jainadarzana meM dasa adhikAroM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| jinameM AgAmI, saMcita aura prArabdha karma to haiM hI, parantu vartamAna karmoM ke AdhAra para una karmoM kI zakti ke hInAdhika hone kA sUkSma vivecana bhI anya adhikAroM meM prApta hotA hai| jaina vAGmaya ke isa vizAla sAhitya meM karma-siddhAMta kA vivecana karane vAlA vibhAga 'karaNAnuyoga' kahalAtA hai| 'karaNa' zabda ke do artha jainadarzana meM prasiddha haiM- eka jIva ke pariNAma aura dUsarA indriy| karma-siddhAMta ke 'karaNa' zabda 'pariNAma' artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| jIva ke rAga-dveSAdi pariNAma hI usake 'karma' kahalAte haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa use naraka, tiryak, manuSya aura deva- ina caturgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| yaha bhramaNa hI saMsAra kahalAtA hai, isaliye karaNAnuyoga meM tIna bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai--jIva ke pariNAma, vividha karma aura unake phalasvarUpa prApta hone vAlA caturgatirUpa sNsaar| jIva ke pariNAmoM kA vivecana karane vAlA, vividha prakAra ke karmoM tathA unakI bandha udayAdi avasthAoM ko darzAne vAlA aura saMsAra bhramaNa ke svarUpa kA citraNa karane vAle loka-vibhAga,--ina tIna avAntara vibhAgoM dvArA darpaNa ke samAna viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlA anuyoga 'karaNAnuyoga' hai| sabhI darzanoM meM duHkha kA mUlakAraNa avidyA ko hI batAyA hai| jainadarzana meM avidyA ke sthAna para 'mithyAtva' kahA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai-vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko na jAnakara viparIta ko hI yathArtha maannaa| mithyAtva ko hI sukha-duHkha athavA karmabandha ke kAraNoM meM sabase prathama kAraNa kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM karma kI vyAkhyA isa DhaMga se kI gaI hai ki Izvara, brahma, vidhAtA, daiva aura purAkRtakarma- saba karmarUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcaka ho gae haiN| 1. mahApurANa, 4 / 271

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148 dravya karma aura bhAvakarma jaina - paramparA meM karma kA kevala kriyArUpa hI mAnya nahIM hai, apitu kriyA dvArA AtmA ke saMsarga meM Ane vAle eka vizeSa jAti ke sUkSma pudgala ko 'dravyakarma' ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM karma ke do rUpa mAne gaye - bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma / jIva kI kriyA bhAvakarma aura usakA phala dravyakarma hai| karma kI jIva se sabaMdhita kriyA bhAvAtmaka hone ke kAraNa 'bhAvakarma' kahalAtI hai aura karma kI paudgalika avasthA dravyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa 'dravyakarma' kahalAtI hai| 1. zramaNavidyA- 3 pudgala vargaNAoM ke pArasparika bandha se jo 'skandha' banate haiM, ve dravyakarma haiN| ye dravyakarma, vargaNA bheda se pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM / inase hI sthUla aura sUkSma zarIroM kA nirmANa hotA hai| jIva kA yoga yA pradeza parispandana, dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke madhya kI sandhi hai / " 2 4 ina donoM meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha hai| bhAvakarma kAraNa aura dravyakarma kArya hai, parantu dravyakarma ke abhAva meM bhAvakarma kI bhI niSpatti nahIM hotI, isI kAraNa dravyakarma bhI bhAvakarma kA kAraNa hai| bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma kA kAryakAraNabhAva anAdi se hI hai| yaha saMbaMdha kahA~ se prArambha huA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki jainamatAnusAra jIva aura pudgala kA saMbaMdha anAdikAla se hai| yaha eka dRr3ha yathArtha hai, jise anya sabhI darzanoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi santati ke dRSTikoNa se bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma kA kArya kAraNa bhAva anAdi hai, parantu vyaktizaH vicAra karane para, kisI eka dravyakarma kA kAraNa, eka bhAvakarma hI hotA hai| rAga-dveSa-rUpa pariNAmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva, dravyakarma ke bandhana meM baddha hotA hai aura usI ke phalasvarUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| yadyapi jIva aura karma kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai aura kArya-kAraNarUpa se yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai, parantu vizeSa abhyAsa aura Atmika zakti se isa cakra ko rokA jA sakatA hai| jaise khAna se nikale sone meM, sone aura miTTI kA saMbaMdha anAdikAla se hai, parantu Aga meM tapAne se usa anAdi saMbaMdha kA viccheda ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jaba jIva nirantara abhyAsa dvArA bhAvakarmoM para niyaMtraNa kara letA hai, taba dravyakarma tathA bhAvakarmoM kA yaha anAdi pravAha ruka jAtA hai / isIlie dravyakarma tathA bhAvakarma kA saMbaMdha 'anAdi' hote hue bhI 'sAnta' hai| 1. AptaparIkSA, 113 - 114; 3. AtmamImAMsA, pRSTha96; 2. karmasiddhAnta, pRSTha 671 4. sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI, pRSTha 227 /

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jainadarzana meM karma siddhAMta 149 karma kI vividha avasthAyeM jaina karma-siddhAnta meM karma kI vividha avasthAoM kA atisUkSma varNana kiyA gayA hai| saiddhAntika bhASA meM ina avasthAoM ko 'karaNa' kahA jAtA hai| karaNa dasa hote haiM- bandha, udaya, sattva, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, upazama, udIraNA, nidhatta aura nikaacit|- ye dasa karaNa pratyeka karma-prakRti meM hote haiN| 1. bandhakaraNa: - 'rAjavArtika' ke anusAra- "AtmakarmaNoranyonyapravezalakSaNo bandhaH'' arthAt jaise lohe aura agni kA eka hI kSetra hai aura nIra tathA kSIra milakara eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra AtmA ke sAtha bandha ko prApta hokara sUkSma pudgala eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiN| amUrta jIva se mUrta karmoM kA saMbaMdha kaise? karma pudgala rUpa hone ke kAraNa mUrtika haiM aura jIva ko jainadarzana meM amUrtika kahA gayA hai| mUrta karmoM kA amUrta jIva para prabhAva nahIM par3anA cAhie, parantu amUrta jIva para mUrta karmoM kA prabhAva spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hone ke kAraNa amUrta hai, parantu madirA sevana kara lene se AtmA kA jJAna guNa lupta ho jAtA hai| amUrta guNoM para mUrta madirA kA prabhAva jisa prakAra spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai, usI prakAra amUrta jIva se mUrta karmoM kA saMbaMdha bhI saMbhava hai| 2. udayakaraNaH - karmoM ke vipAka arthAt phalonmukha avasthA ko 'udaya' kahate haiN| pUrva saMcita karma jaba apanA phala detA hai, to usa avasthA ko jaina karmasiddhAnta kI bhASA meM 'udaya' kahA gayA hai| yaha udaya 'savipAka' aura avipAka ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| udaya krama se paripAka kAla ko prApta hone vAlA 'savipAka udaya' kahalAtA hai| vipAka kAla se pahale hI tapAdi viziSTa kriyAoM ke dvArA karmoM ko phalonmukha avasthA meM le AnA 'avipAka udaya' kahalAtA hai| 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 437 / 3. jainatattvakalikA, pRSTha 155 5. vahI, pRSTha 399 2. rAjavartika, pRSTha 26 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 332

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150 zramaNavidyA-3 3. sattvakaraNaH- jIva se saMbaddha hue karma skandha, tatkAla phala nahIM dete| bandhane ke dUsare samaya se lekara phala dene ke pahale samaya taka ve karma AtmA ke sAtha astitva rUpa meM rahate haiN| karmoM kI usa avasthA ko sattA / yA sattva kahA jAtA hai| sattva ke do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM-- utpanna sthAna sattva' aura 'svasthAna sttv'| apakarSaNa Adi ke dvArA anya prakRti rUpa se kiyA gayA sattva, 'utpanna sthAna sattva' kahalAtA hai aura binA anya prakRtirUpa huA sattva 'svasthAna sattva' kahalAtA hai| 4. apakarSaNakaraNa:- "sthityanubhAgayorhAnirapakarSaNam" karmoM kI sthiti arthAt baMdhe rahane kA samaya aura anubhAga arthAt zakti, ina donoM meM hAni ho jAnA 'apakarSaNa' kahalAtA hai| 'apakarSaNa' bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai--'vyAghAta' aura 'avyaadhaat'| vyAghAta apakarSaNa ko 'kANDakaghAta' bhI kahate haiN| isase jIva meM itanI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai ki vaha guNAkArarUpa se karmoM ko kSaya kara detA hai| yaha mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai aura aisA apakarSaNa uccakoTi ke dhyAniyoM ko hI hotA hai| isake viparIta avyAghAta apakarSaNa meM sAdhAraNarUpa se karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga meM hAni hotI hai| apakarSaNa tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba taka karma udayAvalI meM nahIM aate| udaya kI sImA meM praveza kara jAne para apakarSaNa saMbhava nahIM hotA, kyoMki sattAgata karmoM kA hI apakarSaNa ho sakatA hai| 5. utkarSaNakaraNa:- utkarSaNa bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- vyAghAta aura avyaaghaat| jisa samaya pUrvasattA meM sthita karma paramANuoM se navIna bandha adhika ho, parantu isa adhika kA pramANa eka 'Avali' (jaina mAnya gaNita kI eka vizeSa gaNanA) se adhika na ho, taba vaha avasthA vyAghAta dazA kahalAtI hai| isake atirikta zeSa utkarSaNa kI nirvyAghAta avasthA hI hotI hai| 'utkarSaNa' karma kI usI avasthA meM saMbhava hotA hai, jaba taka karma udaya kI 1. kasAyapAhuDa, pustaka pRSTha 291 / 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 438 / 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-1, pRSTha 116 / 4. karma rahasya, pRSTha 174 / 5. kasAyapAhuDa bhAga-5, 245 /

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jainadarzana meM karma siddhAMta 151 sImA meM praveza na kareM, sattArUpa meM hI hoN| udaya kI sImA meM praveza ho jAne para utkarSaNa saMbhava nahIM hotaa| 6. saMkramaNakaraNa - 'paraprakRtirUpa-pariNamanam saMkramaNam' arthAt pahale baMdhI karma prakRti kA anya prakRti rUpa pariNamana ho jAnA 'saMkramaNa' hai| saMkramaNa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- prakRti saMkramaNa, sthiti saMkramaNa, anubhAga saMkramaNa aura pradeza sNkrmnn| 7. udIraNAkaraNa - 'bhuMjaNakAlo udao udIraNApakkapAcaNaphalaM' karmoM ke phala bhogane ke kAla ko 'udaya' kahate haiM aura bhogane ke kAla se pahale hI apakva karmoM ko pakAne kA nAma 'udIraNA' hai| inako 'prImaicyora riyalAijezana' arthAt aparipakva pratyakSIkaraNa athavA samaya se pUrva bhoga meM AnA kahA hai| 8. upazamakaraNa - karmoM ke udaya ko kucha samaya ke lie roka denA 'upazama' kahalAtA hai| karma kI isa avasthA meM udaya athavA udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hote| phiTakarI ke DAlane se jisa prakAra maile pAnI kA maila nIce baiTha jAtA hai aura kucha samaya ke lie svaccha jala Upara A jAtA hai, isI prakAra karmoM kI upazamana avasthA meM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi ke kAraNa karmoM kI zakti anudbhUta ho jAtI hai| karmoM kI yaha kSaNika vizrAnti hI upazama kahalAtI hai| 9. nidhattakaraNa - isa vizeSa avasthA meM AtmA ke sAtha karma isa prakAra saMbaMdhita ho jAte haiM ki karmoM meM utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa ke atirikta udaya, udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hote| 10. nikAcitakaraNa - karma kI avasthA nAma 'nikAcanA' hai, jisameM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA ye cAroM avasthAyeM asaMbhava hotI haiN| jainasammata nikAcita karma ko yoga-sammata 'niyatavipAkI' karma ke sadRza mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. karmarahasya, pRSTha 174; 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 438 / 3. prAkRta paMcasaMgaho, 3/13, 4. sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI, pRSTha 267 / 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga1, pRSTha 464 / 6. rAjavArtika, pRSTha 100 / 7. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 450; 9. yogadarzana bhASya 2/13 / /

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zramaNavidyA- - 3 " umAsvAmI ne tattvArtha sUtra meM karma-bandha ke ina pA~ca hetuoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai "mithyAtvAviratipramAdakaSAyayogAH bandhahetavaH / " pA~co kAraNoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 152 1. mithyAtva bandha kA sabase prathama tathA pradhAna kAraNa 'mithyAdarzana' hai| AtmA se viparIta zraddhA ko 'mithyAdarzana' kahate haiN|' svAtmatattva se aparicita saMsArI AtmAyeM zarIra, dhana, putra, strI Adi meM mamatva buddhi rakhatI haiN| ina sabakI prApti ko iSTa tathA inase viccheda ko aniSTa mAnatI haiM aura iSTa ke prati pravRtta tathA aniSTa kI ora se nivRtta hone kA prayAsa karatI hai| yahI rAgadveSAtmaka pravRtti bandha kA mukhya kAraNa bana jAtI hai| rAgadveSAtmaka pravRtti kA mUlakAraNa mithyA zraddhA hai| yaha mithyA zraddhA do prakAra se hotI hai - 1. paropadezapUrvaka, 2. naisargika / 2 3 2. avirati karmabandha kA dUsarA kAraNa 'avirati' hai| 'viramaNaM viratiH' arthAt virakti honA virati hai aura virati kA abhAva hI avirati hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha - ina pAMcoM doSoM se virakta na honA hI avirati kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki Abhyantara meM, jina paramAtmasvarUpa kI bhAvanA se utpanna, parama sukhAmRta kA anubhava karate hue bhI, bAhya viSayoM meM ahiMsA, asatya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina vratoM ko dhAraNa na karanA hI 'avirati' hai -------- -- 3. pramAda . karmabandha kA tIsarA kAraNa pramAda hai / 'pramAda' kA artha hai AtmavismaraNa / kuzala kAryoM meM anAdara arthAt karttavya akarttavya kI smRti meM asAvadhAnI karanA hI AtmavismaraNa hai| pUjyapAdajI ne pramAda zabda kA artha karate hue kahA hai - 'pramAdaH kuzaleSvanAdaraH ' ' kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya Adi dharmoM meM anutsAha yA anAdara bhAva ke bheda se pramAda aneka prakAra kA 7 hai / pramAda ke mukhyatayA pAMca bheda kahe gaye haiM-- vikathA, kaSAya, indriyarAga, nidrA aura praNaya / 4. kaSAya karmabandha kA caturtha kAraNa 'kaSAya' hai| kaSAya ko pramAda meM bhI garbhita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki pramAda ke bhedoM meM kaSAya ko ginAyA gayA hai| 1. NiyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, gAthA 91; 3. bArasa aNurvekkhA gAthA 48; 5. tattvArthasUtra vivecana, pRSTha 193; 7. rAjavArtika, pRSTha 564; 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha 375 / 4. davvasaMgaho TIkA, gAthA 30, pRSTha 88aa 6. sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha 374 / 8. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pRSTha 812 /

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jainadarzana meM karma siddhAMta 153 5. yoga - karmabandha kA paMcama kAraNa yoga haiN| yahA~ para 'yoga' kA artha hai-- mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyaayeN| ina tInoM kI kriyAoM se karmabaddha AtmA meM punaH punaH karmoM kA saMcaya hotA rahatA hai| yoga do prakAra kA hotA haikaSAyasahita aura kssaayrhit| kaSAyasahita yoga saMsAra kA kAraNa hone ke kAraNa 'sAmparAyika' kahalAtA hai| 'samparAya' saMsAra kA paryAyavAcI hai, saMsAra kA hetu hone ke kAraNa hI ise 'sAmparAyika' nAma diyA gayA hai| kaSAyarahita yoga 'IryApatha' nAma ke kSaNika bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai| 'IryApatha bandha agale kSaNa hI binA phala diye naSTa ho jAtA hai| isakI sthiti eka samaya mAtra kI hotI hai| karmabandha ke bheda-prabheda jainadarzana meM karma-bandha ke bhedoM kA vivecana atisUkSma dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| karmoM kA bandha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- karmoM ke svabhAva, kArya tathA guNoM ko batAne vAlA bandha 'prakRti bandha', karmoM ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa karane vAlA bandha 'sthiti bandha', karmoM kI vipAka zakti ko darzAne vAlA bandha 'anubhAga bandha' aura karmoM ke piNDatva ko darzAne vAlA bandha 'pradeza bandha' kahalAtA hai| ___ AcArya umAsvAmI ne sUtra meM ina cAroM bhedoM kA nirdezana karate hue kahA hai- 'prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhayaH' ina cAroM meM se prakRti aura pradeza bandha, mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti se hote haiN| mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko jainadarzana meM 'yoga' kahA jAtA hai| nemicandrAcArya ne kahA hai- "jogA payaDipadesA ThidiaNubhAgA kasAyado hoti"" saMsAra kI vRddhi karane vAle kaSAyasahita karma ko 'sAmparAyika' aura saMsAra kI vRddhi na karane vAle kaSAyarahita karma ko 'IryApatha' karma kahA jAtA hai- "sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayo;" IryApatha karma kI tulanA gItA ke 'niSkAma karma' se kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki IryApatha karma meM bhI niSkAma karma ke samAna hI icchA kA abhAva hotA hai, jisameM punarjanmarUpa saMsAra phala ko utpanna karane kI zakti nahIM hotI / 1. sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha 321; 2. vhii| .3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pRSTha 361 / 4. di hArTa oNpha jainijma, pRSTha 176 / 5. tattvArthasUtra, 8/3; 6. vahI, 6/1 / 7. davvasaMgaho, gAthA 33; 8. tattvArthasUtra, 6/4 / 9. dhavalA, pu. 13, bhAga4, pRSTha 51 /

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154 zramaNavidyA-3 prakRtibandha - 'prakRti kA artha hai svabhAva' / anya kAraNoM se nirapekSa karmoM kA jo mUla svabhAva hai, vaha 'prakRti bandha' kahalAtA hai| prakRti, zIla aura svabhAva ye saba ekArthavAcI zabda haiN| (prakRtibandha saMbaMdhI tAlikA aMta meM dekheM) sthitibandha - karmoM kA vibhAjana unake sthiti kAla ke AdhAra para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kucha karma kSaNa bhara meM naSTa ho jAte haiM aura kucha karma hajAroM varSa kA samaya lete haiN| yaha samaya parimANa hI 'sthitibandha' haiM / 'sthiti' kA artha hai avasthAna kAla, yaha gati se viparIta artha kA vAcaka hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA svabhAva bhI eka nizcita kAla taka hI rahatA hai| yaha nizcita kAla hI karmoM kA sthiti bandha kahalAtA hai| tiryaJcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu ko chor3akara saba prakRtiyoM kA utkRSTa sthiti bandha utkaTa saMkleza pariNAma se hotA hai aura jaghanya bandha utkaTa vizuddha pariNAma se hotA hai| anubhAga bandha - vividha karmoM ke pAka arthAt phala dene kI zakti ko 'anubhava' yA 'anubhAga' kahate haiN| 'anubhAga' bandha kI paribhASA karate hue AcArya umAsvAmI ne kahA hai "vipAko'nubhavaH"" anubhAga bandha karmoM ke nAma ke anusAra hI hotA hai| ArcAya umAsvAmI ne sUtra meM kahA hai 'sa yathAnAma'" arthAt jJAnAvaraNI karma kA phala jJAna ke bhAva ko anubhava karanA, darzanAvaraNI karma kA phala darzana ke abhAva ko anubhava karanA aura vedanIya karma kA phala sAtA athavA asAtA ko anubhava karatA hai| isI prakAra anya sabhI karmoM kA phala usake nAma ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| pradezabandha - karma prakRtiyoM ke kAraNabhUta sUkSma, ekakSetrAvagAhI, anantAnanta pudgalaparamANuoM kA Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha ko prApta honA hI 'pradeza bandha' kahalAtA hai| 'pradeza bandha' karmarUpa se pariNata padgala skandhoM ke paramANuoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya ke yogoM kI tIvratA hone para adhika pradezoM kA bandha hotA hai aura mandatA hone para alpa pradezoM kA bandha hotA hai / 1. prAkRta paMcasaMgaho, 4/514 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 2; 3. hArTa oNpha jainijma, pRSTha 162 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha 22; 5. vahI, pRSTha 379 / 6. tattvArthasUtra, 8/21; 7. vahI, 8/22 / 8. tattvArthasUtra, 8/24 / 9. sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha 379 / 10. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pRSTha 136 /

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jainadarzana meM karma siddhAMta 155 isa prakAra yogazakti kI hInAdhikatA para hI karmaparamANuoM kI hInAdhikatA avalambita hai| niSkarSaH-uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya-ye pAMca karmabandha ke kAraNa hote haiN| ina bhAva karmoM ke nimitta se hI jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya karmoM kA Agamana hotA rahatA hai| jIva kI pratyeka kriyA meM ye karma chipe hote haiM, isI kAraNa pUrva-karma phalonmukha hokara jIva se pRthak ho jAte haiN| karma prakRti-saMbaMdhI ekatra parigaNana tAlikA : kula prakRtiyA~- 148 4 jJAnAvaraNI5 _ darzanAvaraNI9 jJAnAvaraNI-5 1. matijJAnAvaraNI 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNI 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNI 4. mana: paryAyajJAnAvaraNI 5. kevala jJAnAvaraNI vedanIya2 | Ayu4 / gotra2 / mohanIya28 nAma93 antarAya darzanAvaraNI-9 vedanIya-2 mohanIya-28 1. cakSu darzanAvaraNI 1.sAtA 2. acakSu darzanAvaraNI 2.asAtA 3. avadhi darzanAvaraNI 4. kevala darzanAvaraNI cAritramoha darzanamoha 5. nidrA darzanAvaraNI 6. nidrA nidrA 1. mithyAtva 7. pracalA kaSAya16 nokaSAya9 2. samyagmi8. pracalA pracalA 1. krodha catuSka 1. hAsya thyAtva 9. styAnagRddhi 2. mAna catuSka 2. rati 3. samyaka 3. mAyA catuSka 3. arati prakRti 4. lobha catuSka 4. zoka mithyAtva 5. bhaya 6. jugupsA 7. strIveda 8. puruSaveda 9. napuMsakaveda nAma-92 antarAya-5 1. ucca 1. dAnAntarAya 2. nIca 2. lAbhAntarAya 3. bhogAntarAya 4. upabhogAntarAya 5. vIryAntarAya gotra-2 Ayu-4 1. naraka 2. tiryaMca 3. manuSya 4. deva 65 10 10 piNDaprakRtiyA~ trasadazaka sthAvara dazaka pratyeka prakRtiyA~ (inakA nAma nirdezana nAma karma meM kiyA gayA hai)

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jainAcAradarzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina variSTha prAdhyApaka - jainadarzana, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, varANasI bhavabIjAGkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupagatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai / / bhAratIya paramparA meM dharma aura darzana kA vizeSa mahattva hai / jahA~ dharma zraddhApramukha hai, vahIM darzana cintana - pradhAna hai| zraddhA janasAmAnya ko prabhAvita karatI hai aura cintana bauddhika varga ko / sukhI jIvana jIne ke liye mAnava jAti ne prArambha se hI vividha prakAra ke naye-naye taura-tarIke khoje haiM, jinheM hama Aja kI duniyA~ meM vaijJAnika AviSkAroM ke nAma se jAnate haiN| ye sabhI prakAra ke AviSkAra mAnava mastiSka ke cintana kA zreSTha pariNAma haiM / kintu ina AviSkAroM ke durupayoga se bhI inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki naye-naye AviSkAroM se jahA~ hameM bhautika sukha-samRddhi prApta huI hai vahI tathAkathita buddhivAdiyoM ke kaI mAnava-virodhI AviSkAroM se samUcA vizva vinAza ke kagAra para pahu~ca gayA hai| aisI viSama paristhiti meM bhAratIya saMskRti meM race-pace RSiyoM/muniyoM ke cintana ne hameM eka aisI navIna dizA dI hai, jo hamArI bhautika sukha-samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha hamArI AdhyAtmika unnati kA bhI mArga prazasta karatI hai| ataH niHsaMkoca rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki uparyukta paddhati hI bhAratIya-darzana kA mUlAdhAra hai| yadyapi bhAratIya saMskRti kI zItala chAyA meM pallavita evaM puSpita vividha darzana hamAre deza meM pAye jAte haiM, jo sAdhanoM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa pRthak-pRthak avazya pratIta hote haiM, kintu ina sabhI darzanoM kA sAdhya eka hI hai, jo mAnava jAti ke kalyANa ko svIkAra karatA hai| yadi sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye to jJAta hotA hai ki bhAratIya darzana ke mUla -

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jainadarzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa 157 meM do saMskRtiyA~ spaSTa dikhalAI detI haiM- eka vaidika aura dUsarI shrmnn| vaidika saMskRti ke antargata sA~khya, yoga, vedAnta aura mImAMsA Adi darzanoM kA vikAsa huA hai aura zramaNa saMskRti ke antargata jaina aura bauddhadarzana kaa| jainadarzana ahiMsAvAdI dRSTikoNa pradhAna hai aura bauddhadarzana karuNAvAdI dRSTikoNa prdhaan| kintu ina donoM darzanoM ke mUla meM prANimAtra ke duHkha kA darzana kiyA gayA hai aura ina donoM darzanoM kA sAdhya jIva mAtra ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai| __ vartamAna kAla kI dRSTi se jainadarzana evaM bauddhadarzana ke cintaka kramaza: bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhagavAn buddha mAne gaye haiM, kintu pUrvApara kI dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra pUrvavartI haiN| inheM pAli-sAhitya meM nigaNThanAtaputra ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| jaina-sAdhanA kA mArga atyanta kaThora hai| isameM zithilAcAra ko koI avakAza nahIM hai, jaba ki bauddha-sAdhanA kA mArga sApekSa dRSTi se sarala aura vyAvahArika hai| kyoMki madhyama pratipadA ke rUpa meM vikasita bauddha-siddhAnta dezakAlAnurUpa haiN| jaina sAdhakoM kI U~cAiyoM ko vyAvahArika banAye rakhane meM Aja aneka muzkileM sAmane A rahI haiM, jisakA pramukha kAraNa jahA~ Aja ke mAnava kI badalI huI mAnasika pravRtti hai, vahIM deza-kAla ke anusAra jaina-cintakoM dvArA paristhitiyoM se samajhautA na kara pAnA bhI hai| jaina-sAdhanA paddhati ko do rUpoM meM vikasita kiyA gayA hai| prathama hai sAdhu-jIvana aura dvitIya hai zrAvaka-jIvana athavA gRhastha jiivn| Upara jisa kaThora mArga kI carcA kI gaI hai vaha sAdhu-jIvana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kI gaI hai| isakA dUsarA pakSa vyAvahArika hai| yaha gRhastha jIvana se sambandhita hai| yadyapi jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM sAdhu aura zrAvaka ke dvArA pAlane yogya mUla niyama pRthakpRthak nahIM hai, kintu jina mUlaniyamoM kA pAlana sAdhu pUrNa rUpa se karatA hai sUkSma rUpa se karatA hai, unhIM mUla niyamoM kA pAlana zrAvaka (gRhastha) eka deza (sthUla rUpa se) karatA hai| use hI jaina dArzanikoM/cintakoM ne kramaza: mahAvrata aura aNuvrata ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| jaina sAdhu athavA zrAvaka ke liye jina mUlaniyamoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, ve haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| ina pA~ca mUlaniyamoM kA pAlana sacce

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158 zramaNavidyA-3 sAdhu aura zrAvaka donoM ke liye Avazyaka hai| yadyapi Upara pRthak-pRthak pA~ca mUlaniyamoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, kintu inake bhI mUla meM ahiMsA niyama kA pAlana karanA hI eka mAtra uddezya hai| zeSa cAra niyama usI ahiMsAdharma kI rakSA ke liye haiN| satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke pAlana ke abhAva meM ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana adhUrA hai| athavA usakA pUrNatayA pAlana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| ___jaina-cintakoM ne ekendriya se lekara paJcendriya taka ke sabhI cetanadhAriyoM ko jIva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ata: jaba taka yaha jJAta na ho jAye ki kauna-kauna jIva haiM athavA kahA~-kahA~ jIva rAzi hai taba taka unakI rakSA kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| jaina-cintakoM ne prArambha se hI per3a-paudhoM meM jIvapanA svIkAra kiyA hai, jisakI puSTi Adhunika vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra vas ne bhI apane vaijJAnika prayogoM ke mAdhyama se kucha varSoM pUrva kI thI aura Aja sampUrNa bauddhika jagat isa bAta se sahamata hai ki per3a-paudhoM meM bhI jIvapanA pAyA jAtA hai| ata: ahiMsA ke prati samarpita koI bhI vyakti per3a-paudhoM ko bhI jAnabUjhakara naSTa nahIM kregaa| anyathA vaha hiMsA ke prati uttaradAyI banane se apane ko bacA nahIM skegaa| vartamAna pariprekSya meM paryAvaraNa kI jo samasyA hai usakA mUla kAraNa per3apaudhoM kI andhAdhundha kaTAI hai aura per3a-paudhoM kI kamI ke kAraNa varSA kI bhI kamI huI hai, jisase hamAre khAdyAnnoM ke utpAdana para viparIta prabhAva par3A hai aura hamAre deza meM khAdya-samasyA kA saMkaTa paidA ho gayA hai| yadyapi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-cintanoM ne ahiMsA kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai, utanA jIvana meM pAlana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| ata: unake isa ahiMsA-vivecana kI AlocanA kI jAtI hai| isa sandarbha meM maiM jainacintanoM kI ora se kucha na kahakara mAtra rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI ke jIvana se sambandhita eka ghaTanA kA ullekha karanA caahuuNgaa| eka bAra kucha isI prakAra se kucha buddhijIviyoM ne mahAtmA gA~dhI ke samakSa eka prazna upasthita karate huye kahA thA ki mahAtmA jI! Apa ahiMsA kI jitanI sUkSmatama paribhASA karate haiM, usakA jIvana meM pAlana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| isakA uttara dete huye mahAtmA gA~dhI ne kahA thA ki yadi hama ahiMsA kI paribhASA

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jainadarzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa ke anurUpa ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM kara pAte haiM to yaha hamArI kamajorI hai, kintu apanI isa kamajorI ke kAraNa ahiMsA kI paribhASA ko nahIM badalA jA sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina-cintakoM ne ahiMsA kA jo sUkSma-vivecana kiyA hai, usakA pAlana karane ke liye kaTibaddha honA Avazyaka hai, tabhI hama apane paryAvaraNa kI rakSA kara sakeMge aura usase hone vAlI hAniyoM se baca skeNge| Aja sampUrNa vizva yuddha kI AzaMkA se grasta hai aura sthiti itanI bhayaMkara ho gaI hai ki sabhI deza eka dUsare se bhayabhIta haiN| phalasvarUpa sabhI dezoM ne apanI-apanI rakSA ke liye zastroM kA saMgraha kara rakhA hai| deza ke Arthika bajaTa kA lagabhaga AdhA aMza mAtra astra-zastroM ke juTAne evaM unakI sAja-samhAla karane meM hI kharca kiyA jA rahA hai| aisI viSama paristhiti meM eka mAtra ahiMsA siddhAnta hI aisA hai, jo vizva ke sabhI prANiyoM ko bhayamukta jIvana pradAna kara sakatA hai aura vizva ke kone-kone se uThI ni:zastrIkaraNa kI AvAja ko mUrta rUpa de sakatA hai| binA ahiMsaka jIvana ke sukha-zAnti sambhava nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA hai ki jisa prakAra ke AcAra-vyavahAra se tumheM kaSTa kI anubhUti hotI hai vaisA AcAra-vyavahAra tuma dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI mata kro| jaina-cintakoM ne ahiMsA ke pazcAt jIvana meM satya dharma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha satya dharma bhI hamAre jIvana meM Avazyaka hai, anyathA hama dUsaroM kA hRdaya nahIM jIta sakate haiN| isI prakAra jIvana meM acaurya (caurya karma se virata honA) kA bhI vizeSa mahattva hai| isase jIvana meM jahA~ puruSArtha ko bar3hAvA milatA hai, vahIM hama dUsaroM ke dvArA arjita sukha-sampatti ko usakI anumati ke binA grahaNa na karane se use duHkhI hone se bacA sakate haiN| AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne dhana ko prANa kI saMjJA dI hai| kyoMki dhana-sampatti ke cale jAne/naSTa ho jAne se vyakti ko itanA 1. yahI bAta mahAbhArata meM bhI kahI gaI hai Atmana: pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret /

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160 zramaNavidyA-3 kaSTa hotA hai ki vaha AtmaghAta jaise jaghanya kRtya karane se bhI nahIM cUkatA hai| ata: kisI jIva ko kaSTa na ho isa dRSTi se jIvana meM acaurya niyama kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| __Aja deza kI bar3hatI huI janasaMkhyA para niyantraNa pAne ke liye vividha kRtrima-sAdhanoM kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai, jo janasaMkhyA vRddhi para kiJcit niyantraNa to karate haiM, kintu badale meM aneka rogoM ko bhI de jAte haiN| ata: kRtrima-sAdhanoM kA prayoga hAnikAraka hai| jaina-cintakoM ne jainAcAra ke antargata jIvana meM brahmacarya ko pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA hai| vastuta: yaha AtmasaMyama ke mAdhyama se janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi para to roka lagAtA hI hai, sAtha hI anya vividha jAnalevA rogoM/hAniyoM se svata: baca jAtA hai| Aja vizva stara para phaile eDsa jaise jAnalevA rogoM para bhI brahmacarya ke mAdhyama se niyantraNa pAyA jA sakatA hai| jana sAmAnya ke asantoSa kA eka kAraNa Arthika viSamatA bhI hai aura isa viSamatA ko dUra karane ke liye AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM ke saMgraha kA niSedha jaina-cintakoM ne kiyA hai| ise jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM aparigrahavAda kahA gayA hai| rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI dvArA pravartita TraSTIzipa kA siddhAnta isI aparigrahavAda kA navIna saMskaraNa hai, jisakI preraNA unheM jaina sAdhu rAyacandra jI se prApta huI thii| gA~dhI jI rAyacandra jI ko apanA guru mAnate the| isa prakAra jaina-cintanoM dvArA pallavita evaM puSpita ye pA~ca siddhAnta haiM, jinakA kendra-bindu antata: ahiMsA hI ThaharatA hai| inhIM pA~ca ko yogasUtra meM yama kahA gayA hai| ina pA~coM siddhAntoM ke pAlana kI apekSA eka sAtha sampUrNa samAja se karanA eka duHsAhasa mAtra hogA, kintu inako apane vyaktigata jIvana meM utArane kA prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai unake pAlana kI jimmevArI lI jA sakatI hai aura isI prakAra sabhI vyakti apanI-apanI jimmevArI le leM to eka-eka ikAI milakara eka svastha samAja kI saMracanA karane meM samartha ho sakeMgeM aura isa prakAra apanI-apanI jimmevArI nibhAne se kisI bhI vyakti ko kisI bhI anya vyakti se ukta niyamoM ko palavAne kA bhAra nahIM uThAnA par3egA aura sampUrNa samAja ko sudhArane kI eka sukhada kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai|

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jainadarzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa 161 uparyukta pA~ca niyamoM ke pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha eka bAta aur| hama apane jIvana meM jIva mAtra ke prati maitrI sthApita kreN| apane se adhika guNavAn vyakti ko dekhakara usakA Adara-sammAna kara harSa kA anubhava kreN| kaSTa meM par3e jIvoM ke prati kRpAbhAva banAye rakheM aura jo vyakti hita kI bAta na sunatA ho to usake prati mAdhyasthabhAva ko dhAraNa kreN| kyoMki usake prati hamane apanA kartavya nibhAne kA pUrA-pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai aura koI yadi use svIkAra na kare to usameM saMkalpa-vikalpa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| sattveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva ! / / isa prakAra yadi hama apane jIvana meM uparyukta pA~ca siddhAntoM kA pAlana kara sakeM aura anta meM kahI gaI cAra bhAvanAoM athavA bauddhadarzana kI zabdAvalI meM cAra brahmavihAroM athavA yogadarzana ke anusAra citta-prasAdhana ke cAra kAraNoM para amala kara sakeM to hamArA vyAvahArika jIvana saphalatA ke sopAnoM kA sparza kara sakegA aura hama apane jIvana ko unnata banA skeNge| ye guNa Apa saba meM bhI AyeM aura Apa bhI una U~cAiyoM kA sparza kara skeN| isI bhAvanA ke sAtha apanI bAta samApta karatA huuN| syAdvAdo vidyate yatra, pakSapAto na vidyate / ahiMsAyAH pradhAnatvaM jainadharmaH sa ucyate / /

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jaina zramaNa paramparA aura anekAnta darzana DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina sahAyaka AcArya, jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka-darzana vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM nAgaura, rAjasthAna bhAratavarSa kI do paramparAyeM bahuta prAcIna haiN| eka hai zramaNa paramparA aura dUsarI hai vaidika prmpraa| zramaNa paramparA nirvRtimUlaka hai| samatva kI sAdhanA dvArA rAga, dveSa aura moha rUpa vaibhAvika pariNatiyoM kA upazamana kara niHzreyasa kI prApti isakA parama lakSya hai| zramaNa paramparA isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se vyAkhyAyita karatI hai ki manuSya ko Atmika vikAsa ke lie kisI kI kRpA yA dayA kI AvazyakatA nahIM usameM svayaM hI ananta zakti vidyamAna hai| saMyama, tapa aura tyAga ke mAdhyama se svayaM meM antarnihita ananta zakti ko udghATita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa paramparA meM jainadharma aura darzana kA pramukha sthAna hai| prAcInatama grantha Rgveda meM kezI vAtarazanA Adi jaina zramaNa muniyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| bhAgavata kA ullekha hai ki 'bhagavAna RSabha ne zramaNoM kA dharma batAne ke lie hI janma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| bhagavAn RSabha kI paramparA meM mahAvIra paryanta anya 23 tIrthaMkara hue jinameM bhagavAna pArzva aura mahAvIra donoM aitihAsika vyaktitva haiN| jainadharma ke zramaNa dharma, Arhat dharma aura nimrantha dharma ye tIna prAcIna nAma haiN| bAda meM jaina nAma kA pracalana prArambha huaa| dharma, saMskRti aura darzana ye tInoM mAnava jIvana ke vikAsa kI sImA rekhAyeM haiN| ina tInoM ko vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tInoM kA samanvita 1. Rgveda 10:136:1-4 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna pR. 13 2. varhiSi tasminneva viSNudata bhagavAn paramarSibhiH prasAdato nAbheH priyacikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane merudevyAM dharmAndizatakAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tnvaavtaar''| zrI madbhAgavata 5:3:20 /

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jainazramaNa paramparA aura anekAnta darzana 163 rUpa hI mAnava jIvana ke lie varadAna siddha ho sakatA hai| saMskRti jaba AcAronmukha hotI hai taba use dharma kahA jAtA hai aura jaba vaha vicAronmukha hotI hai taba use darzana kahA jAtA hai| saMskRti kA bAhya rUpa evaM kriyAkANDa dharma hai aura saMskRti kI Antarika rekhA athavA cintana darzana kI saMjJA ko prApta karatA hai| saMskRti kA artha hai sNskaar| saMskAra cetana kA hI ho sakatA hai, jar3a kA nhiiN| isa sandarbha meM saMskRti kA sambandha cetana se hI hai, acetana se nhiiN| jaba prakRti meM vikAra A jAtA hai taba usake sudhAra ke lie jo prayatna kiyA jAtA hai vahI saMskAra athavA saMskRti hai / jaina paramparA kI prAcInatA ke ullekha sAhitya meM to pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM hii| purAtAtvika sandarbho meM zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ tathA abhilekha isakI prAcInatA ke jIvanta pramANa haiN| jaina saMskRti ke AdhArabhUta siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate hue A. samantabhadra ne likhA hai dayA dama tyAgasamAdhiniSThaM naya pramANa prakRtAJja sArtham / adhRSyamanyairakhilaiH pravAdairjinaM tvadIyaM matamadvitIyam / / / arthAt he bhagavan! ApakA mata (siddhAnta) advitIya hai, kyoMki vaha jIvadayA se paripUrNa hai, dama (Atma niyantraNa) aura tyAga kI garimA se maNDita hotA huA samAdhi (samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritramayI) dharmaniSTha hai tathA nayoM aura pramANoM dvArA anekAntAtmaka yathArtha vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hokara satya jJAna kI Thosa nIMva para pratiSThita hai evaM samasta doSoM se rahita (niSkalaMka) hai| isa prakAra vaha sacamuca hI advitIya hai| ahiMsA jainadharma kA mUlAdhAra hai| jaina tIrthaMkAroM ne manasA, vAcA, karmaNA sabhI kSetroM meM samatA kI pratiSThApanA kA upadeza diyA isI kAraNa AcAra kI samatA ahiMsA meM, vicAroM kI samatA anekAnta meM, vANI kI samatA syAdvAda aura samAja kI samatA aparigraha meM sannihita hai| samadRSTi banane ke lie vastu svarUpa kA yathArthajJAna (tatvajJAna) Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana ne vastu ko 1. zramaNa saMskRti, siddhAnta aura sAdhanA meM paM. vijayamuni zAstrI kA lekha pR. 25 / 2. A. samantabhadra : yuktyanuzAsana 6 /

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164 zramaNavidyA-3 dravyaparyAyAtmaka mAnA hai| vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko to jainadarzana ke atirikta anyadarzana bhI svIkAra karate haiM parantu jainadarzana ke anekAnta kA pramukha AdhAra vastu meM virodhI yugaloM kA honA hai| ve virodhI yugala haiM 1. zAzvata aura parivartana 2. sat aura asat 3. sAmAnya aura vizeSa 4. vAcya aura avaacy| dravya meM isa prakAra ke ananta virodhI yugala hote haiN| unhIM ke AdhAra para anekAnta kA siddhAnta pratiSThita huA hai| anekAnta ke lakSaNa ke sambandha meM A. akalaMkadeva ne aSTazatI nAmaka bhASya meM likhA hai ki vastu sarvathA sat hI hai athavA asat hI hai, nitya hI hai athavA anitya hI hai isa prakAra sarvathA ekAnta ke nirAkaraNa karane kA nAma anekAnta hai / AcArya amRtacanda ne samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti nAmaka TIkA meM likhA hai ki jo vastu tatsvarUpa hai vahI atatsvarUpa bhI hai| jo vastu eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai| jo vastu sat hai vahI asat bhI hai tathA jo vastu nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai| isa prathama eka hI vastu meM vastutva meM niSpAdaka paraspara virodhI dharmayugaloM kA prakarmazata karanA hI anekAnta hai| __anekAnta jainadarzana kA prANa tatva hai| vaha cintana ke dharAtala para svastha mAnasikatA kA saJcAra kara logoM meM sahiSNutA kA vikAsa karatA hai| hameM apane dRSTikoNa ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM kI dRSTi kA bhI samAdara karanA caahie| jahA~ pakSapAta kI durabhisaMdhi vyApta hai vahA~ tattva kA cintana samIcIna nahIM ho sktaa| jaisI dRSTi hotI hai vaisI hI sRSTi hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jana jIvana meM vyApta viSamatA kI khAI samApta karane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi para bala diyaa| zraddhA aura tarka donoM kI maryAdAoM ko dRSTigata karate hue vastu kA vimarza karanA caahie| hetugamya padArthoM meM tarkabuddhi kA prayoga yuktisaMgata hai parantu ahetugamya padArthoM meM zraddhA bhAvanA ko hI sthAna denA cAhie kyoMki svabhAva meM tarka nahIM cltaa| anekAnta dRSTi ne paraspara virodha kI bhUmikA meM khar3e hue vicAroM ko samanvaya ke sUtra meM sthApita kara mAnava samatA kI sRSTi meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAyI hai| 1. AcArya mahAprajJa : jainadarzana aura anekAnta pR. 8 / 2. sadasannityAnityAdisarvathaikAnta pratikSepa lkssnno'nekaantH|| aSTazatI, aSTasastrI pR. 286 /

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jainazramaNa paramparA aura anekAnta darzana 165 anekAnta ke do rUpa haiM naya aura prmaann| dravya ke eka paryAya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi naya hai aura ananta virodhI yugalAtmaka samagra dravya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi pramANa hai| cUMki jainadarzana ne vastu kA svarUpa dravyaparyAyAtmaka mAnA hai isa kAraNa usane dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina do nayoM se vizva kI vyAkhyA kI hai| abheda kI dRSTi se dravya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura bheda dRSTi meM paryAya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| dravya aura paryAya kA ananyabhUta sambandha hai| AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai pajjaya vijudaM davvaM davyavijuttA ya pajjayA Nasthi / doNhaM aSANabhUdaM bhAvaM samaNo parUviMti / / arthAt paryAya se rahita dravya aura dravya se rahita paryAya nahIM hai| donoM ananyabhUta haiM aisA zramaNa prarUpita karate haiN| jahA~ vedAnta darzana meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA ki brahma satya hai aura jagat mithyA hai vahA~ jainadarzana ne donoM ko satya svIkAra kiyaa| abheda bhI satya hai aura bheda bhI satya hai| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye donoM naya jaba paraspara meM sApekSa rahate haiM tabhI samyak naya kahalAte haiN| yadi dravyArthika naya paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA na karake svatantra rUpa se dravya ko viSaya karatA hai athavA paryAya kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai to vaha mithyA naya hai| isI prakAra yadi paryAyArthika naya dravyArthika naya kI apekSA na karake svatantra rUpa se paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai athavA dravya kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai to vaha mithyA naya hai ata: nayoM kA paraspara sApekSa honA Avazyaka hai| A. samantabhadra ne kahA hai 'nirapekSA nayo mithyA sApekSA vstute'rthkRt| svayambhUstotra meM anekAnta bhI pramANa aura nayarUpa sAdhanoM kI apekSA se anekAnta rUpa kahA gayA hai| vaha pramANa kI apekSA se anekAnta rUpa hai aura vivakSita naya kI apekSA ekAntarUpa hai| anekAnta bhI sarvathA anekAnta rUpa nahIM hai kintu kathaMcit anekAntarUpa aura kathaMcit ekAntarUpa hai| jaba vaktA vastu ke aneka dharmoM meM se kisI vivakSita naya kI dRSTi se kisI eka dharma kA pratipAdana karatA hai taba vahI anekAnta ekAnta rUpa ho jAtA hai kintu anya dharma sApekSa 1. yadeva tat tadeva atat, yadevaikaM tadevAnekam, yadeva sat tadevAsat, yadeva nityaM tadevAnityam ityekavastu vastutva niSpAdaka paraspara viruddha zaktidvaya prakAzanamanekAntaH / samayasAra (AtmakhyAti 10 / 247) / 2. paJcAstikAya gAthA, 3. AptamImAMsA

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166 zramaNavidyA- 3 hone ke kAraNa vaha samyak ekAnta hai, mithyaikAnta nahIM / mithyaikAnta to anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karake kevala eka dharma ko siddha karatA hai / anekAnta mUlataH maitrI kA vaicArika siddhAnta hai| virodha astitva kA sArvabhauma niyama hai| aisA koI bhI astitva nahIM hai jisameM virodhI yugala eka sAtha na rahate hoN| eka bhASA meM astitva ko virodhI yugaloM kA samavAya kahA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta ne isa satya kA darzana kiyaa| virodhI yugaloM ke saha astitva ko bhASA athavA paribhASA dI usameM rahe hue samanvaya meM sUtra khoje / anekAnta jainadarzana kI vyAkhyA sUtra bana gayA / anekAnta ko samajhe binA jainadarzana ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA / AcArya amRtacanda likhate haiM 2 naikAntasaGgatadRzA svayameva vastu, tatvavyavasthitimiti pravilokayantaH / syAdvAd zuddhimadhikAmadhigamya saMto, 3 jJAnI bhavanti jina nIti malaMghayantaH / / arthAt sajjana puruSa anekAntayukta apanI dRSTi se vastu kI yathArtha vyavasthA ko svayaM hI dekhate hue tathA syAdvAda rUpa anekAnta kI vizuddhi ko adhikAdhika prApta karake jaina mArga ko svIkAra kara jJAnI banate haiM / uparyukta tathya kI vizeSa vyAkhyA meM jaina jagat ke labdha pratiSTha manISI zrI paM. jaganmohanalAla siddhAnta zAstrI ne praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se anekAnta vyavasthA kA hArda spaSTa kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai prazna --- - anekAntadRSTi jainI nIti ho sakatI hai tathApi vahI satya hai aisA kaise jAnA jAya / samAdhAna - jaisA vastu kA svabhAva hai, use hI jainI dRSTi dekhatI hai ataH vahI satya hai aisA svIkAra karanA yogya hai| 1. anekAntopyanekAntaH pramANanaya sAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAte tadekAnto'rpitAnnayAt / / svayambhUstotra pR. 139 / 2. pro. udayacanda jaina svayambhUstotra tatvapradIpikA pR. 140 / 3. AcArya mahAprajJaH jainadarzana aura anekAnta pR. 1 /

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jainazramaNa paramparA aura anekAnta darzana 167 prazna-jainI nIti to anirNayAtmaka hai| vastu ke kisI eka nizcita rUpa kA pradarzana nahIM karatI hai| donoM ora jhukatI hai ata: saMzaya ke jhUle meM jhUlatA huA jainanItivedI ko kaise prAmANika mAnA jA sakatA hai| samAdhAna-padArtha anantadharmAtmaka hai| ve sabhI dharma, apekSA dRSTi se paraspara virodhI jaise bhI dikhAI dete haiM, taba jaina dRSTi unameM samanvaya karatI hai, ata: vaha vastu kI niyAmaka hai isalie use prAmANika mAnanA caahie| prazna-paraspara virodhI eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate, ata: vastu jisa dharma vAlI ho usI rUpa use kahanA caahie| nitya ko nityarUpa, anitya ko anityarUpa, eka ko eka rUpa, aneka ko aneka rUpa hI kahanA caahie| eka hI vastu meM nityAnitya, ekAneka aisA paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA samanvaya kaise calegA? yaha samanvaya kAlpanika hai, asatya hai| unakI paraspara virodha rUpa sthiti hI satya hai| samAdhAna--padArtha meM rahane vAle ananta dharma, vAstava meM virodhI nahIM hai unameM zAbdika virodha sA pratibhAsita hotA hai| jo padArtha dravya dRSTi se nitya pratIta hotA hai vahI samaya-samaya para hone vAle apane pariNamanoM se anitya pratIta hotA hai| apekSA bheda se donoM dharma avirodha rUpa haiN| jo virodhI haiM ve eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate, para jo eka sAtha apekSA bheda se rahate haiM, unheM virodhI kaise kahA jAya? jo sAmAnya se eka haiM, vahI apanI vizeSatAoM ke bheda meM aneka rUpa haiN| sAmAnya vizeSa apekSA bheda se haiM una donoM meM bhI aviruddhapanA haiN| yaha samanvaya dRSTi hI vAstavika satya hai| avirodhI rUpa se pAye jAne vAle meM virodha mAnanA hI kAlpanika hai, asatya hai| prazna-vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdaka jainI anekAnta paddhati meM ulajha jAtA hai| usakI uljhana dUra kara use kisI eka rUpa meM hI varNana karanA cAhie, vahI satya hogA? samAdhAna-aisA nahIM hai| vastu svayaM apane guNa paryAyoM meM hai| use aisA hI batAnA satya hai| vastu vastuta: ulajhI nahIM hai, vaha to anekadharmAtmaka hI hai| apane meM sulajhI hai, spaSTa hai| use vivakSA bheda se samajhA jA sakatA hai| usameM samajhane kA prayatna zreyaskara hai| na samajhanA ajJAna mAtra hai| ajJAnI hI

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168 zramaNavidyA-3 ulajhA hai| jainI nIti vastu ke AdhAra para calatI hai, use svIkAra karanA sulajhanA hai ulajhanA nhiiN| isa prakAra anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA anekoM virodha anAyAsa samApta kiye jA sakate haiN| athavA jAti, dharma, rASTra, samAja meM jo pArasparika dvanda cala rahe haiM usameM anekAnta dRSTi se hI samAdhAna saMbhava hai| samAja meM vivAda kA vAtAvaraNa samApta hokara saMvAda kA vAtAvaraNa bne| hameM dRSTi ko samyak banAkara zAMtisahiSNutA kA vAtAvaraNa nirmANa karanA caahie| vartamAna saMdarbho meM sAmAjika rAjanItika, dhArmika kSetroM meM anekAnta siddhAnta se hI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna saMbhava hai| jaina zramaNa paramparA meM pratipAdita AcAra evaM vicAra darzana ke samyak prayoga se sukha zAnti kA sAmrAjya saMbhava hai| loka vyavahAra bhI anekAnta binA saMbhava nahIM hai| acArya siddhasena ne likhA hai| jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvathA Na NivvaDai / tassa bhuvaNekkaguruNo Namo aNegaMtavAyassa / / 1. A. amRtacanda kalaza 265 / 2. jagamohana lAla siddhAnta zAstrI adhyAtma amRtakalaza pR. 367-368 / 3. sammaisuttaM aNegaMta kaM uN|

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prAkRta kathA-sAhityaH udbhava, vikAsa evaM vyApakatA DaoN. jinendra jaina sahAyaka AcArya, prAkRta-bhASA evaM sAhitya vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanU~ (rAja)- 341306 bhAratIya vAGmaya meM saMskRta, prAkRta va apabhraMza-sAhitya kA apanA vizeSa sthAna hai| sAhitya kI samasta vidhAoM meM prApta ina tInoM bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana saMskRti evaM usake mUla srota ko jAnane meM AcAryoM evaM mahApuruSoM ne itihAsa, dharma, darzana, saMskRti, samAja viSayaka vipula sAhitya likhA, jinameM purANa, mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, kathA, carita, nATaka, zilAlekha, vyaMgya, gIti, stotra, campU Adi aneka vidhAe~ parigaNita haiN| unhIM vidhAoM ke Aloka meM lagabhaga IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdI se lekara 17-18 vIM zatAbdI taka likhe gaye prAkRta-sAhitya kA apanA mahattva hai| ina vidhAoM meM bhI mAnava evaM samAja kA atyadhika nikaTatA kA sambandha kathAsAhitya se rahA hai| ata: prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke udbhava viSayaka mUlasrota, svarUpa, bheda tathA usake viSaya aura vyApakatA sambandhI binduoM ko ujAgara karane kA prayAsa prastuta Alekha meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha sarvamAnya hai ki kathAsAhitya kA sambandha mAnava ke AdikAla se hI hai| kyoMki mAnava kA jaba se pRthvI para avataraNa huA aura kramaza: usakA vikAsa prArambha huA, tabhI se use (mAnava ko) manovinoda tathA jJAnavardhana kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huii| ata: AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI haiN| isa ukti ke anusAra mAnava ne apane manovinoda evaM jJAnavardhana kA eka mAdhyama banAyA kthaa-khaanii| yahI karANa hai ki mAnava netronmIlana se lekara apanI antima zvAsa taka kathA-kahAnI kahatA aura sunatA hai| isameM jijJAsA aura kautUhala

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170 zramaNavidyA-3 kI aisI zakti samAhita hai, jisase AbAla-vRddha sabhI ke lie grAhya hai| zrImadbhAgavat meM saMsAratApa se saMtapta prANI ke lie kathA ko saMjIvanI bUTI kahA hai| prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kI prArambhika pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM yadyapi saMskRta sAhitya ko anadekhA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki vedoM se lekara brAhmaNa, upaniSad, mahAbhArata Adi ke praMsago, saMvAdoM va vyAkhyAoM Adi meM aneka aisI kathAsaMyojanAe~ prApta hotI haiM jo bhale hI Aja ke kathAsAhitya ke svarUpa kI tulanA meM svatantra va bhinna ho| kintu unheM kathA, kahAnI, upAkhyAna, AkhyAna Adi kisI na kisI rUpa meM parigaNita kiyA hI jaayegaa| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra yaha prAcInatama rUpa Rgveda ke yama-yamI, pururavA-urvazI, saramA aura paNigaNa jaise lAkSaNika saMvAdoM brAhmaNoM ke sauparNIkAdrava jaise rUpAtmaka AkhyAnoM, upaniSadoM ke sanatkumAra-nArada jaise brahmarSiyoM kI bhAvamUlaka AdhyAmika vyAkhyAoM evaM mahAbhArata ke gaMgAvataraNa, zRGga, nahuSa, yayAti, zakuntalA, nala Adi jaise upAkhyAnoM meM upalabdha hotA haiN| prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke bIja rUpa mUlasrota ke nimna tIna bindu mukhya haiM 1. Agama sAhitya; 2. vyAkhyAna sAhitya; 3. loka jiivn| 1. jaina Agama-sAhitya yadyapi dhArmika AcAra, siddhAnta nirUpaNa, AdhyAtmika tattva-cintana, nIti, kartavya parAyaNa jaise viSayoM ko vivecita karatA hai| kintu ye sabhI viSaya kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kie gae haiN| siddhAntoM ke gUr3hatama rahasyoM tathA gambhIra viSayoM kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie kathAoM kA Alambana lekara jana-mAnava ke antas taka pahu~cA jA sakatA haiN| kyoMki kathA ke mAdhyama se kie gae siddhAnta yA viSaya ke vivecana ko pAThaka, zrotA yA janasAmAnya yathAzIghra grahaNa kara letA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hamAre tIrthaMkaroM gaNadharoM evaM anyAnya AcAryoM ne kathAoM kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA aura use 1. tava kathAmRtaM taptajIvanaM, kavibhirIDitaM kalmaSApaham / zravaNamaMgala zrAmadAtataM bhuvigRhNanti te bhUridA janAH / / zrImad bhAgavat 10 / 31 / 9 . 2. zAstrI nemicanda- haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlAna, vaizAlI, 1965, pR.1

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prAkRta kathA - sAhityaH udbhava, vikAsa evaM vyApakatA sArvajanIna evaM lokapriya banAne kA kArya bhI kiyaa| kathA - sAhitya kI isI sArvajanika lokapriyatA ke sambandha meM DaoN. jagannAthaprasAda zarmA' kahate haiM kisAhitya ke mAdhyama se DAle jAne vAle jitane prabhAva ho sakate haiM, ve racanA ke isa prakAra meM acchI taraha se upasthita kiye jA sakate haiM / cAhe siddhAnta pratipAdana abhipreta ho, cAhe caritra citraNa kI sundaratA iSTa ho, yA kisI ghaTanA kA mahattva - nirUpaNa karanA ho athavA kisI vAtAvaraNa kI sajIvatA kA udghATana hI lakSya banAyA jAye, kriyA kA vega aMkita karanA ho yA mAnasika sthiti kA sUkSma vizleSaNa karanA iSTa ho-- sabhI kucha isake dvArA saMbhava haiN|" ata eva yaha spaSTa hai ki lokapriya isa vidhA kA vaiyaktika aura samAjika jIvana ke zodhana aura parimArjana ke lie Agamika sAhitya se hI udgama huA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharmakathA, uvAsagadazA, aMtakRddzA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra, tiloyapaNNattI, uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi AgamagraMtha haiM, jinameM kathAoM ko sUtrarUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| 2. jaina Agama - sAhitya ke vyAkhyAna - sAhitya meM niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM TIkA grantha pramukha haiM / isI vyAkhyAna - sAhitya meM prAkRta-kathAoM kA bahuta kucha vikAsa dekhane ko milatA hai| jahA~ Agama - sAhitya meM bIja rUpa sUtra zailI meM kathAoM kA nirdeza 'vaNNao' yA nAma Adi ke ullekha mAtra se kara diyA jAtA thA, vaha vyAkhyAna - sAhitya meM varNanoM kI sajIvatA se anuprANita hokara viSaya, uddezya, vAtAvaraNa, pAtra, rUpagaThana Adi ke navInatama prayogoM sahita abhivyaJjita kiyA jAne lagA thaa| vyAkhyAna - sAhitya meM varNita ina kathAoM kA rUpa zramaNa paramparA se prabhAvita to thA hI sAtha hI aitihAsika, ardhaaitihAsika, dhArmika, laukika Adi tattvoM ko bhI vivecana karane vAlA thaa| niryukti-sAhitya kI bhAMti vyavahArabhASya, bRhatkalpabhASya, dazavaikAlikacUrNi, nizIthacUrNi, sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhATIkA Adi pramukha vyAkhyA graMtha haiM, jinameM prAkRta-kathAe~ prApta hotI haiN| ataH udgama sthala Agama - sAhitya se kathA saritA pravAhita hokara apane kucha-kucha AkAra ko pAne lagI thii| 3. prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke bIja rUpa mUlasrota kA tIsarA bindu hailok-jiivn| mAnavajAti kI Adima paramparAoM, prathAoM aura usake vibhinna prakAra ke vizvAsoM kA lokajIvana meM vizeSa mahattva hai| ataH kathAoM meM 1. zarmA jagannAtha, kahAnI kA racanA vidhAna, hiMdI pracAraka pustakAlaya, vArANasI, pR.4-5 171 1956

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172 zramaNavidyA-3 lokamAnava kI sahaja aura svAbhAvika abhivyakti kA rahanA Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kathAoM meM loka-jIvana aura vahA~ kI saMskRti kA vAstavika pratibimba par3atA hai| kathAe~ loka-citta se sIdhe utpanna hokara sarvasAdhAraNa ko Andolita, cAlita aura prabhAvita karatI haiM, kyoMki kathAkAra jo kahatA-sunatA hai, use loka-jIvana kI vANI banAkara aura usameM ghula-milakara hI kahatAsunatA haiN| vaha kathA ke viSaya kA cunAva bhI loka-jIvana ke kisI vizeSa pakSa se karatA hai| ata: janamAnasa ke jIvana ke citraNa meM hI loka dharma kA citraNa hotA hai, jo prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA mUlasrota kahA jA sakatA hai| prAkRta-kathA sAhitya ke bIja rUpa ukta tInoM mUlasrotoM meM yaha avazya hai ki likhita rUpa meM Agama-sAhitya hI prathama AdhAra hai, kintu loka jIvana ke pratyeka pakSa, ghaTanAe~, prasaMga Adi bhI zramaNoM ko sahajatA se kathA ke AdhAra milate rahe, jinake prayogoM se janamAnasa bhalIbhAMti paricita aura prabhAvita ho jAte the| svarUpa evaM bheda : kathA yA kahAnI kavi ke citta se udbhUta apanI suniyojita bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti hai| cAhe kathA ho athavA kAvya, donoM kI utpatti upamAna, rUpaka aura pratIkoM dvArA hotI hai| siddhAntoM athavA tattvoM ko ina tInoM kI kasauTI para kasakara jaba uddharaNa sahita prastuta kiyA jAtA hai taba ve kathA kA rUpa le lete haiN| kathA ke mAdhyama se jina uddharaNoM kA prayoga racanAkAra karatA hai ve upamAna, rUpaka yA pratIka kI trayI se sambandhita hote haiN| isIlie amarakozakAra ne "prabandhakalpanA kathA'' kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai ki prabandha kalpanA ko kathA kahA gayA hai| arthAt vaha racanA jisameM kavi kI apanI kalpanA zakti ke mAdhyama se kathA kI saMyojanA kI gaI ho| yadyapi aitihAsika yA paurANika viSaya hone para bhI kathA kI cetanA meM apanI kalpanA-zakti kA vistAra bakhUbI kiyA jAye tathA abhiprAyavizeSa se yukta zabdoM ke prayoga dvArA kathA meM rocakatA yA manoraMjakatA ko bar3hAne vAlI racanA kathA kahI jAtI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki kathA-sAhitya meM mAnava ke vaiyaktika jIvana va sAmAjika . pakSa ko bAhya evaM Abhyantara kriyAoM-pratikriyAoM ke vivecana ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| vivecita samasta kriyAoM kA sambandha jina binduoM se - 1. amarakoza, 1 / 5 / 6

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prAkRta kathA-sAhityaH udbhava, vikAsa evaM vyApakatA 173 hotA hai, unheM kathA ke Avazyaka aGga yA tattva kahA jAtA hai| ve nimnAGkita haiM 1. kathAnaka (kathAsUtra) 2. pAtra (caritra-citraNa) 3. saMvAda (kathopakathana) 4. dezakAla kA citraNa 5. zailI 6. uddezya kisI bhI kathA kA kathAsUtra pAtroM ke saMvAdoM se Age bar3hatA hai| kathAkAra apane uddezya ko lekara pAtrAnusAra sAMskRtika evaM bhaugolika pariveza meM jIvana ke utAra-car3hAva sahita vibhinna pakSoM kA citraNa kuzala zailI se karatA hai, tabhI usakI kathA saphala va pUrNa kahI jAtI hai| ata: ukta lakSaNa kathAgranthoM meM Avazyaka va anivArya kahe gaye haiN| prAkRta kathA-sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM prApta hotA haiN| jaina-AcAryoM, manISiyoM dvArA likhe gaye kathA-granthoM meM kathAoM ke zilpa, viSaya, pAtra, bhASA, zailI Adi ke AdhAra para vibhinna rUpoM meM bheda-prabheda kI carcA kI gaI hai| dazavaikAlika-niyukti, kuvalayamAlAkahA, lIlAvaIkahA, dhavalA, samarAiccakahA ke atirikta paumacariyaM, mahApurANa Adi granthoM meM kathAoM ke bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| viSaya nirUpaNa kI apekSA se kathA ke tIna bheda kie jAte haiM 1. akathA- mithyAtva ke udaya se jisa kathA kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAye, akathA kahalAtI hai| yaha saMsAra ke paribhramaNa ko bar3hAne vAlI hotI hai| 2. kathA- saMyama, tapa, tyAga Adi ke dvArA svayaM ko parimArjita kara loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se kie jAne vAlI kathA kA nirUpaNa kathA yA satkathA hai| 3. vikathA- pramAda, kaSAya, rAga-dveSa, strI Adi kI vikRti se yukta nirUpita kathA vikathA kahI jAtI hai| __ kathA ke viSaya kI apekSA se cAra bheda bhI kie gae haiN| . 1. (ka) atthakahA, kAmakahA dhammakahA ceva mIsiyA ya kahA dazavaikAlika, gAthA 188 niyukti pR. 212 (kha) ettha sAmanao cattAri kathAo hvnti| taM jahA atthakahA, kAmakahA, dhammakahA, saMkiNNakahA ya samarAiccakahA, pR.2 (ga) mahApurANa (jinasena), prathama pari.118-119

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174 zramaNavidyA-3 1. arthakathA 2. kAmakathA 3. dharmakathA 4. mizritakathA viSaya ko AdhAra mAnakara dhavalATIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne dharmakathA ke cAra bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA haiN| 1. AkSepaNI 2. vikSepaNI 3. saMvedanI 4. nivedanI kathAoM meM prayukta pAtroM ke AdhAra para tIna bheda kie jAte haiM - 1. divyakathA- jisa kathA meM divya-vyakti pAtra hoM tathA unhIM ke dvArA ghaTanAeM ghaTita hoN| 2. mAnuSI kathA- jisameM manuSya pAtra hoM, mAnuSI kathAe~ kahalAtI haiN| 3. divya-mAnuSI kathA- jisameM deva tathA manuSya pAtra hoM, ve divyamAnuSI kathAe~ kahI jAtI haiN| prAkRta-kathAoM meM prayukta bhASA ke AdhAra para bhI kathA ke tIna bheda prApta hote haiN| 1. saMskRta 2. prAkRta 3. mizra udyotanasUri ne sthApatya ke AdhAra para kathAoM ke pA~ca bheda ginAye haiM / 1. sakala kathA 2. khaNDa kathA 3. ullAva kathA 4. parihAsa kathA 5. saMkIrNa kathA 1. dhavalATIkA, pustaka 1. pR. 104 2. (ka) divvaM, divvamANusaM, mANusaM c| tattha divvaM nAma jattha kevalameva deva cariaM vnnnnijji| samarAicca kahA, pR.2 3. taM jaha divvA taha divvamANusI mANusI thccey|- lIlAvaI kahA, gAthA 35 gAthA 36 4. tao puNa paMca khaao| taM jahA- sayalakahA, khaMDakahA, ullAvakahA, prihaaskhaa| tahAvarA kahiyatti- saMkiNNa khtti| kuvalayamAlAkahA, pR. 4, anuccheda 7.

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prAkRta kathA-sAhityaH udbhava, vikAsa evaM vyApakatA 175 prAkRta kathAoM kA viSaya evaM usakI vyApakatA jaina aGga Agama, upAMga va TIkA-sAhitya ke pracArArtha prAkRta kathAsAhitya meM abhUtapUrva vikAsa kI dhArA dikhAI detI hai| kathA ke mAdhyama se prAkRta kathAkAroM ne samAja aura jIvana kI vikRtiyoM para jitanA gaharA prahAra kiyA hai, utanA sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM ke dvArA kabhI sambhava nahIM thaa| samAja aura vyakti ke vikArI jIvana para coTa karanA mAtra hI ina kathAoM kA lakSya nahIM thA, apitu vikAroM kA nirAkaraNa kara jIvana meM sudhAra lAnA tathA AtmA ke kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ko sarvAGgINa sukhI banAnA bhI thaa| kathAnaka saMyojanA meM jaina kathAkAra purANokta mahApuruSoM ke jIvana-carita, munidharma-tattva, upadeza alaukika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa tathA siddhAnta vivecanA ko bhI sIdhe-sIdhe athavA avAntara kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta karate rahe haiN| paramparA se calI A rahIM sAmAjika maryAdAoM kI vyavasthA kA atikramaNa kara naye evaM yugAnurUpa sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika AdarzoM ko sthApita karane kA saphalatama prayoga jaina-kathAkAroM ne apane dRr3ha AcAra kA pAlana karate hue kiyA hai| udAratApUrNa mAnavIya evaM sAhasika dRSTikoNa ko apanA kara nUtana pravRttiyoM aura maulika bhAvanAoM se samAja ko anuprANita kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne apanI sRjanAtmaka kalpanA-zakti se laukika-kathA ke AvaraNa meM dharmadarzana va AdhyAtmikatA kA puTa dekara ise rocaka bnaayaa| yadyapi jainadharma pravRtti se nivRtti kI ora le jAne vAlA mArga hai| kyoMki kathAkAroM kI zuSka upadezAtmaka zailI kA prabhAvotpAdaka zailI ke binA koI mUlya nahIM thaa| kintu yuga ke anurUpa AcAryoM ne, kathAkAroM ne dharma-darzana ke siddhAntoM mAtra se bojhila nahIM kiyA, varan AdhyAtmikatA kI ora AkarSita karane ke lie upadezAtmaka zailI ke sAtha zRMgArika zailI kA bhI sahArA liyaa| loka mAnasa meM pracalita AdarzoM ko, cAhe ve vaidika sAhitya ke viSaya hI kyoM na hoM, jainakathAkAroM ne apane kathAnaka kA viSaya bnaayaa| aura una kathAnakoM ko jainadharma ke anurUpa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA, jisameM ve adhikatama saphala kahe jA sakate haiN| jaina sAhitya kI upalabdhiyoM aura vizeSatAoM kA Akalana karane vAle videzI vidvAn vinTaranitja ne kahA haiM ki "zramaNa-sAhitya kA viSaya mAtra brAhmaNa, purANa, nijandharI kathAoM se nahIM liyA gayA haiM, balki loka-kathAoM, parIkathAoM se grahIta haiM / jaina kathA-sAhitya kI vyApakatA evaM 1. dIjina ina dI TisTrI Apha iNDina liTarecara sampAdita muni jinavijana, pR.5.

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zramaNavidyA- 3 mahattA ke sambandha meM pro. harTela ne apanI pustaka "Ana dI liTarecara Apha dI zvetAmbara Apha gujarAta" " meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki jainoM kA bahumUlya kathAsAhitya pAyA jAtA hai, jinameM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se apane siddhAntoM ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAyA hai| 176 jaina prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa karake yadi adhyayana kiyA jAye to lagatA hai jIvana ke kisI bhI pakSa ko achUtA nahIM kiyA gyaa| sAmAnya jIvana ke aneka pakSoM- jaise Rtue~, vana, parvata, nadI, udyAna, jalakrIDA, sUryodaya, caMndrodaya, nagara, rAjA, sainika, yuddha, mahotsava, svayaMvara, hastI, ratha, strIharaNa, sAdhu-upadeza, dharma, darzana, aMdhavizvAsa, loka, paramparAe~ Adi samasta pakSoM ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| yuga ke samAja kA spaSTa rUpa ina kathAgrantho meM dikhAI detA hai| ataH prAkRta kathAsAhitya kA dharma, darzana, itihAsa, saMskRti, samAja, rAjanIti, Arthika Adi dRSTi se svataMtra vidhA ke rUpa meM adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhie / prAkRta kathA - sAhitya kA praNayana IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdI se lekara 17-18 vIM zatAbdI taka anavarata rUpa se kiyA jAtA rahA hai| tatpazcAt bhI prAkRta kathAe~ likhI jAtI rahIM, jisakA pracalana Aja bhI zramaNavarga meM dikhAI detA hai| abhI taka prApta prAkRta kathA - sAhitya meM taraMgavaI kahA, vasudeva hiMDI, samarAiccakahA, dhUrtAkhyAna, kuvalayamAlAkahA, lIlAvaIkahA, nirvANa lIlAvatI, kathAkoza, prakaraNa saMvegaraMgazAlA, nAgapaMcamIkahA, kahArayaNakosa, nammayAsundarIkahA, kumArapAlapratibodha, AkhyAnamaNikoza, jinadattAkhyAna Adi pramukha kathAgrantha haiN| inake atirikta aura bhI zatAdhika racanAe~ ginAI jA sakatI haiM / kintu aisI hajAroM racanAe~ abhI bhI graMtha bhaNDAroM meM par3I huI haiN| jo abhI prakAza meM nahIM A skiiN| ina saba kathAoM ke smaraNa meM bRhatkathAkoza (kRta guNADhya ) ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| paizAcI bhASA kI yaha racanA prAkRtakathAoM kA koza kahI jAtI hai| 1. Ana dI liTarecara Apha dI zvetAmbara Apha gujarAta, pR. 6, 8

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke pramukha AcArya aura unakA yogadAna DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI upAcArya evaM adhyakSa, ___jainadarzana vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI vartamAna meM jaina zramaNa-paramparA mukhya rUpa se digambara aura zvetAmbaraina do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta hai| donoM hI paramparAoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha prAcIna sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| ye donoM hI paramparAyeM yaha mAnatI haiM ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke bAda dvAdazAMga rUpa AgamajJAna dIrghakAla taka guruziSya paramparA dvArA maukhika rUpa se calA AyA, kintu kAlakrama se kSayopazama kama ho jAne se vaha jJAna pUrNarUpa se surakSita nahIM raha skaa| digambara jaina paramparA ke anusAra AgamajJAna kA kramaza: uccheda hotA gayA aura usameM mAtra AMzika AgamajJAna (bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA kucha aMza) hI AcArya paramparA se surakSita raha pAyA, jo AcArya guNadhara aura AcArya dharasena tathA puSpadantabhUtabali ke mAdhyama se kramaza: kasAyapAhuDa tathA chakkhaMDAgama (SaTkhaNDAgama) evaM inakA TIkAoM ke mAdhyama se upalabdha huaa| zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke anusAra dvAdazAMga ke saMkalana ke lie pATalIputra, mathurA aura valabhI meM vAcanAyeM huIM aura antataH vIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 980 varSa bAda (I0san 453) meM devardhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM valabhI meM upasthita zramaNasaMgha ne apanI-apanI smRti ke AdhAra para AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya isI vAcanA kI dena hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM prAkRta bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI donoM paramparAoM kI aura usake Agama sAhitya kI bhI alaga-alaga pahacAna sI bana gaI hai| ata: jaba hama vyavahAra meM 'zaurasenI Agama paramparA' kahate haiM, taba isakA sIdhA uddezya digambara jaina paramparA ko sandarbhita karane kA hotA hai| isI * baiMgalora (karnATaka) meM di. 8 evaM 9 disambara 1990 taka Ayojita prathama rASTrIya prAkRta sammelana meM prstut| www.jahelibrary.org

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178 zramaNavidyA-3 taraha jaba hama 'ardhamAgadhI Agama paramparA' kI bAta karate haiM, taba isakA tAtparya zvetAmbara paramparA ko sandarbhita karane se hotA hai| yadyapi digambara aura zvetAmbara-donoM hI paramparAoM ke sahasroM mahAn jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, purAnI hindI, tamila, kannaDa, marAThI, gujarAtI Adi prAya: sabhI prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, AcAra, kAvya, nATaka, purANa, alaMkArazAstra, jyotiSa, gaNita, Ayurveda, kalA, saMskRti evaM samAja Adi aneka viSayoM meM vipula sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA hai, kintu prastuta nibaMdha kA viSaya mAtra zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha jaina sAhitya ke pramukha AcAryoM ke yogadAna kA hI vivecana abhISTa hai| ___ digambara jaina paramparA ke pramukha AcAryoM dvArA praNIta prAkRta vAGmaya ko bhASAyI AdhAra para prAcIna zaurasenI meM nibaddha mAnA jAtA hai| jarmana vidvAn ricarDa pizala ne ise 'jaina zaurasenI' nAma se abhihita kiyaa| prAkRta ke kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI ise prAya: 'jaina zaurasenI' kahA hai, kintu kisI bhI bhASA kI mAtra kucha pravRttiyoM meM antara se una bhASAoM kA apanA alaga astitva mAna lenA mUlabhASA se unheM kATa denA hogaa| vaise bhI kSetra yA vidhA vizeSa ke kAraNa mUla bhASAoM meM thor3A-bahuta antara pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai, ata: jaina zaurasenI isa nAma kI bhASA kI pahacAna Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha bhI mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA hI haiN| AcAryoM evaM unake sAhityika avadAna ko jAnane se pUrva usa bhASA se bhI paricita honA Avazyaka hai, jisake avadAna kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA rahA hai, ataH prastuta haiprAkRta bhASA kI mahattA __prAkRta bhASA bhArata kI prAcInatama una bhASAoM meM se pramukha bhASA hai, jise rASTrabhASA hindI sahita adhikAMza bhAratIya bhASAoM kI jananI hone kA gaurava prApta hai| yaha vaha bhASA hai, jisake vipula vAGmaya meM jIvana kI samasta bhAvanAyeM vyaMjita huI haiN| bhAratIya zikSA, kalA, saMskRti, sabhyatA, samAja, lokajIvana, dharma, naitikatA evaM adhyAtma Adi tattvoM kA yathArthajJAna prApta karane ke lie prAkRta sAhitya kA adhyayana bahuta Avazyaka hai| vastuta: janabhASA ke rUpa meM prAkRta bhASAyeM isa deza meM AdikAla se hI pracalita rahI haiN| AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn vAkpatirAja ne 'gauDavaho' nAmaka apane prAkRta mahAkAvya meM prAkRta bhASA ko janabhASA mAnA hai aura isa janabhASA se hI samasta bhASAoM kA vikAsa svIkAra kiyA hai| yathA

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 179 sayalAo imaM vAyA visaMti etto ya Neti vAyAo / eMti samudaM ciya Neti sAyarAo cciya jalAiM / / arthAt-jisa prakAra jala samudra meM praveza karatA hai aura samudra se hI vASparUpa se bAhara nikalatA hai, isI taraha prAkRta bhASA meM saba bhASAeM praveza karatI haiM aura isa prAkRta bhASA se hI saba bhASAe~ nikalatI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki prAkRtabhASA kI utpatti anya kisI bhASA se nahIM huI hai, kintu deza meM vidyamAna prAya: sabhI bhASAe~ prAkRta se hI utpanna haiN| prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya to jainadharma kA prANa hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAn jainAcAryoM ne AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra, siddhAnta evaM adhyAtma Adi ko sarala rUpa meM samajhane tathA tadanukUla Adarza jIvana DhAlane evaM lokakalyANa kI dRSTi se prAkRta bhASA meM upadeza-pradhAna dharmakathA viSayaka sAhitya kA praNayana kiyaa| sAtha hI naitika upadeza, marmasparzI kathana evaM lokapakSa kA udghATana karate samaya sarala, sahaja, snigdha tathA manorama zailI kA upayoga kiyaa| prAkRta bhASA ke aneka bheda haiM, jaise-zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI, mahArASTrI, paizAcI, pAli, zilAlekhI prAkRta aadi| vastuta: bauddha tripiTakoM kI pAlI bhASA bhI prAkRta kA hI eka rUpa hai| Age jisa zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ke sAhitya kA paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, usa zaurasenI bhASA kI vizeSatAyeM prastuta haiMzaurasenI prAkRta bhASA evaM isakA prabhAva kSetra sampUrNa brajamaNDala arthAt mathurA ke AsapAsa kA sampUrNa pradeza zUrasena kahalAtA hai| zaurasenI bhASA kI utpatti isI zUrasena deza (mathurA pradeza) se huii| SaDbhASA candrikA (pR.2) meM lakSmIdhara ne kahA hai-'zUrasenodbhavA bhASA zaurasenIti giiyte| vararuci ne prAkRtaprakAza meM mAgadhI kI mUlaprakRti hone kA sammAna zaurasenI ko diyA hai| dezabheda ke kAraNa mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ina do prAkRtoM ko prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| mAgadhI bhASA kA pracAra kAzI ke pUrva (magadha) meM thA, zaurasenI kA kAzI ke pazcima meN| samrATa azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM ina donoM hI bhASAoM ke prAcInatama svarUpa surakSita haiN| samrATa khAravela ke udayagiri-khaNDagiri kA hAthIgumphA zilAlekha bhI zaurasenI prAkRta kA sAkSAt * pramANa hai| isase isa samasta kSetra meM zaurasenI prAkRta kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa hai| isa prakAra zaurasenI kA utpatti kSetra bhale hI mathurA ke AsapAsa kA kSetra (zUrasena) rahA ho, kintu isakA itanA vyApaka prasAra aura prabhAva kSetra rahA hai ki yaha sampUrNa madhyadeza kI bhASA bana gii| madhyadeza kA kSetra vistAra pazcimottara

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zramaNavidyA- 3 kSetra meM sindha, paMjAba pazcima meM dvArakA, uttara meM hariyANA aura dillI, uttarapUrva meM baMgAla, dakSiNa pUrva meM AMdhrataTa tathA ur3IsA evaM dakSiNa meM vindhyaparvata kA ati vistRta kSetra sammilita rahA hai| brahmANDapurANa (2/16/41-42) meM madhyadeza ke antargata jina janapadoM ke nAma ullikhita haiM, ve isa prakAra haiMzUrasena, bhadrakAra, bodha, paTaccara, matsya, kuzalya, kuMtala, kAzI, kosala, godhA, bhadra, kaliMga, magadha aura utkala / ina janapadoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA pramukha rUpa meM prabhAvazAlI rahI hai| 180 mauryayuga meM jaina munisaMgha dakSiNa kI ora gayA to unhoMne apane zAstralekhana kA mAdhyama bhI isI zaurasenI ko bnaayaa| isase sampUrNa dakSiNabhArata meM zaurasenI bhASA kA prayoga huaa| isakA prasAra kSetra kAphI vyApaka hone se ardhamAgadhI, mahArASTrI-saMskRta Adi bhASAyeM aura aneka boliyA~ isake samparka meM AI / ataH inake tattva bhI isameM sammilita hote cale gye| nATya-vidhA ke anusAra nATakoM meM bhI prAkRta bhASA kA prayoga anivArya thA hI, kyoMki nATyazAstra ke praNetA bharatamuni ne nATakoM meM prayukta hone vAlI mAgadhI, avadhI, prAcyA, zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI, bAlhIkA evaM dakSiNAtyA - ina sAta bhASAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu nATakoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta kA hI jyAdA prayoga milatA hai| isa zaurasenI kA svarUpa bhI kucha niyamoM taka hI sImita hai| yaha bhI eka tathya hai ki prAkRta ke AdhAra para isa bhASA ke kucha niyamoM ke sAtha zaurasenI prAkRta kA vyAkaraNa likha diyaa| kisI ne bhI sampUrNa zaurasenI ke AdhAra para svataMtra aura sarvAGgINa vyAkaraNa nahIM likhaa| phira bhI isase isa bhASA kI vyApakatA para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A / nATakoM, zilAlekhoM, aura lokavyavahAra meM pracalita janabhASA ke rUpa meM prayoga kSetroM aura vizeSa kara digambara jaina siddhAnta granthoM kI mUlabhASA hone se zaurasenI kA prabhAva aura usakI vyApakatA sadA akSuNNa rahI hai| vastutaH IsA kI prathama zatI ( vIra nirvANa saMvat 683 ) meM kAThiyAvAr3a (gujarAta) jaina saMskRti kA samRddha kendra thA / yahIM AcArya dharasena giranAra kI candraguphA meM dhyAnayoga kI sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahakara unhoMne AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko AgamajJAna pradAna kiyA, jisake AdhAra para ina donoM AcAryoM ne isI zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA meM SaTkhaNDAgamasUtra nAmaka vizAla jaina siddhAntagrantha kI racanA kI / AcArya guNadhara, AcArya zivArya, AcArya vaTTakera tathA AcArya kundakunda Adi aneka AcAryoM ne utkRSTa sAhitya kA sRjana karake isa bhASA ko sArvabhaumikatA pradAna kI /

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 181 bIsavIM sadI ke aMtima do-tIna dazakoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke vikAsa aura vyApaka prasAra hetu aneka pUjya AcAryoM, bhaTTArakoM evaM vidvAnoM ne vizeSa yogadAna kiyaa| inameM bahuAyAmI vyaktitva ke dhanI paramapUjya rASTrasaMta AcAryazrI vidyAnaMdajI ne naI dillI sthita prAkRta bhavana, kundakundabhAratI ke mAdhyama se zaurasenI rASTrIya vidvat saMsada, zaurasenI prAkRta sammelana, prAkRta bhASA divasa (zrutapaMcamI) para prAkRta kAvyagoSThI tathA prAkRtavidyA nAmaka gauravazAlI zodha patrikA tathA zaurasenI bhASA ke vividha grantha prakAzana Adi gauravapUrNa abhiyAna rUpa pravRttiyoM kI preraNA ke mAdhyama se zaurasenI prAkRta ke vikAsa ko vizeSa gatimAna kara rahe haiN| prAkRta bhASA ke sabhI pramukha vaiyAkaraNoM meM jaise vararuci, hemacaMdra, kramadIzvara, lakSmIdhara aura mArkaNDeya Adi ne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa granthoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA kA bhI vyAkaraNa likhA hai| yahA~ isa bhASA kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM prastuta haiMzaurasenI prAkRta kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM zaurasenI prAkRta kI kucha nijI vizeSatAyeM haiM, jo anya-prAkRtoM se usakI pRthak pahacAna meM madada karatI haiM, ve vizeSatAyeM isa prakAra haiM 1. svaravarNoM ke madhyavartI asaMyukta 'ta' aura 'da' ke sthAna para 'da' hotA hai| udAharaNa - rajata > raada, AgataH> AgadoH anna:purama > andeuraM gadA > gdaa| 2. svaroM ke bIca asaMyukta 'tha' kA 'ha' aura 'dha' donoM hote haiN| udAharaNa - nAtha > NAdha, nnaah| 3. rya ke sthAna meM yya aura jja hotA haiN| udAharaNa- Arya > ayya, ajj| sUrya > suyya, sujj| 4. paJcamI ke eka vacana meM do, du-ye do hI pratyaya hote haiM aura inake yoga meM pUrva ke akAra kA dIrgha hotA hai, udAharaNa - jinAt > jiNAdo, jinnaadu| 5. ti aura te pratyayoM ke sthAna meM di aura de hotA hai| udAharaNa -- hasadi, hasade, ramadi, rmde| 6. bhaviSyata kAla ke pratyaya ke pUrva meM ssi lagatA hai| udAharaNa - hasissidi, krissidi|

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182 zramaNavidyA-3 7. antya makAra ke bAda 'i' aura 'e' hone para 'Na' kA vaikalpika Agama hotA hai| udAharaNa - yuktam idam > juttaM NimaM, juttamimaM, etat > evaM NedaM, evamedaM 8. 'tvA' pratyaya ke sthAna meM ia, dUNa aura tA hote haiN| udAharaNa - paThitvA- paDhia, paDhidUNa, pddhittaa| isa taraha yahA~ zaurasenI bhASA kI kucha vizeSatAyeM mahattA aura svarUpa ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyaa| aba zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke pramukha AcAryoM tathA inakI pramukha kRtiyoM ke pratipAdya viSayoM kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta hai zaurasenI prAkRta ke pramukha AcArya aura unakA sAhitya zaurasenI sAhitya ke AcAryoM kA aneka dRSTiyoM se vibhinna kSetroM meM mahanIya yogadAna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda unhoMne sudIrgha kAla se isa AgamajJAna kI akhaNDa jyoti ko vibhinna jhaMjhAvAtoM ke bIca bhI nirantara prajvalita rkhaa| ghora upasargoM aura ananta pratikUlatAoM ke bIca bhI apane saMyamamArga meM dRr3ha rahakara sva-para kalyANa evaM isa jJAna kI avicchinna paramparA banAye rakhane kI bhAvanA se ve sAhitya sAdhanA meM sadA saMlagna rhe| jaba hama ina saba AcAryoM ke mahanIya yogadAna kA smaraNa karate haiM, to hRdaya gadgad aura pulakita hue binA nahIM rahatA, kyoMki inakI mahAn saMyama-sAdhanA aura loka kalyANa ke kAryoM kA sIdhA paricaya prApta karanA to Aja muzkila hai, kintu inhoMne bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie apanI jJAna-sAdhanA ke dvArA jo amUlya virAsata ke rUpa meM vizAla vAGmaya hameM pradAna kiyA hai, usake mahanIya sAhityika yogadAna kA aba mUlyAMkana honA Avazyaka hai| zaurasenI bhASA meM nibaddha sAhitya ke praNetA AcAryoM kI lambI paramparA hai, jinake vyaktitva aura kRtitva sambandhI yogadAna kA mUlyAMkana eka svataMtra evaM vizAla zodha-prabandha kA viSaya hai, kintu prastuta nibaMdha meM isake pramukha AcAryoM ke virATa vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke mAdhyama se unake yogadAna ke mUlyAMkana karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM upalabdha zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke pramukha sraSTAoM meM AcArya guNadhara, dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali, kundakunda, zivArya, vaTTakera, yativRSabha, svAmI kumAra (kArtikeya), vIrasena, jinasena, devasena, nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, vasunandi, padmanandi

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 183 prathama Adi aneka pramukha AcArya, paramparA aura itihAsa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiN| ata: inake vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA yahA~ paricaya prastuta hai1. AcArya guNadhara zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya kA jaba hama adhyayana prArambha karate haiM, taba hamArI sarvaprathama dRSTi AcArya guNadhara racita 'kasAyapAhuDa-sutta' para jAtI hai| yaha upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM karmasiddhAnta viSayaka paramparA kA prAcInatama mahAn grantha mAnA jAtA hai| isake kartA AcArya guNadhara vikrama pUrva kI prathama zatI ke AcArya haiN| inake vyaktitva ke viSaya meM vizeSa sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| inakI ekamAtra kRti 'kasAyapAhuDasutta' tathA isake TIkAkAroM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para hI inake viSaya meM kucha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| yaha ullekhya hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu aura lohAcArya ke bAda kI AcArya paramparA meM hue saMghanAyaka-AcArya arhadbali (vIra nirvANa saMvat 565) ne nandi, vIra, deva, sena Adi aneka saMghoM kI sthApanA kI thii| inameM eka 'guNadhara' nAmaka saMgha bhI thaa| isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'guNadhara' eka vizAla saMgha ke prabhAvaka AcArya the| jayadhavalAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne inheM 'vAcaka' (pUrvavid) upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA hai| inheM aMga aura pUrvo kA ekadeza jJAna AcArya-paramparA se prApta huA thA (tado aMgapuvvANamegadeto ceva Airiya paraMparAe AgaMtUNa guNaharAiriyaM saMppatto), jisake AdhAra para unhoMne isa mahAn grantha kI racanA kii| kasAyapAhuDa kI racanAzailI suttagAhA (gAhAsutta) ke rUpa meM atisaMkSipta evaM bIjapada rUpa tathA ananta arthagarbhita hai| kasAyapAhuDa kA dUsarA nAma 'pejjadosa pAhuDa' bhI hai| 1. indranandi kRta shrutaavtaar:85-95| 2. jayadhavalA bhAga1-pRSTha87 3. edAo suttagAhAo...........kasAyapAhuDa gaathaa10| 4. aNaMtatthagabbha-bIjapada-ghaDiya-sarIrA-jayadhavalA bhAga1-pRSTha 126 5. (ka) puvvammi paMcamammi du dasame batthummi pAhuDe tdie| pejjaM ti pAhuDammi du havadi kasAyANa pAhuDaM NAma / / kasAyapAhuDa gAthA 1 (ga) tassa pAhuDassa dube nAmadhejjANi taM jahA-pejjadosapAhuDetti vi, kasAyapAhuDetti vipejjadosa. sUtra 2 ka. pA. cUrNi 21 /

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184 zramaNavidyA-3 vastuta: AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga AgamoM meM 'dRSTivAda' nAmaka bArahavAM aMga Agama ati vistIrNa thaa| isake antargata pUrvagata arthAt caudahapUrvo meM 'jJAnapravAda' nAmaka pAMcaveM pUrva meM dasavIM vastu ke aMtargata 'pAhuDa' ke bIsa arthAdhikAroM meM tIsare pAhuDa kA nAma 'pejjadosa pAhuDa' rahA hai| vaha bhI bahuta vizAla thA, jise sArarUpa meM AcArya guNadhara ne mAtra 233 gAthAoM meM prastuta mahanIya grantha ko 'gAthAsUtra' nAmaka prAcIna zailI meM nibaddha kiyaa| kasAyapAhaDa kI TIkA prasiddha jayadhavalA meM kahA bhI hai ki jinakA hRdaya pravacana vAtsalya se bharA huA hai, una AcArya guNadhara' ne solaha hajAra pada pramANa pejjadosa pAhuDa ke viccheda ho jAne ke bhaya se eka sau assI gAthAoM dvArA isa grantha kA upasaMhAra kiyaa| (gaMthavoccheda bhaeNa pavayaNavacchalaparavasIkaya-hiyaeNa evaM pejjadosapAhuDaM solasapadasahassa pamANaM hotaM asIdisada metta-gAhAhi uvadhAridaM) isa kathana se siddha hai ki AcArya guNadhara jJAnapravAda nAmaka paMcamapUrva kI dasama vastu rUpa 'pejjadosapAhuDa' ke vizeSa pAragAmI evaM vAcaka AcArya the| vahA~ yaha batalAnA Avazyaka bhI hai ki kasAyapAhuDa kA dUsarA nAma bhI 'pejjadosa pAhuDa' hai, jisakA ullekha bhI kiyA jA cukA hai| ata: prasaMgAnusAra 'pejja' kA artha 'rAga' tathA dosa kA artha hai 'dveSa' hai| prastuta grantha meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM kI 'rAga-dveSa' rUpa pariNati aura unakI prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga evaM pradeza rUpa baMdha sambandhI vizeSatAoM kA vivecana, vizleSaNa hI prastuta grantha kA varNya viSaya hone se isa grantha ke nAma kI sArthakatA bhI siddha ho jAtI hai| isa Agama rUpa siddhAnta grantha kI eka sau assI gAthAoM tathA AcArya yativRSabha kI 53 cUrNi gAthAoM sahita 233 gAthAoM ke racayitA AcArya guNadhara hI mAne jAte haiN| ina gAhAsuttoM ko ananta artha se garbhita kahA gayA hai| (edAo aNaMtatthagabbhiyAo) isIlie inake spaSTIkaraNa hetu mahAkammapayaDi 1. dRSTivAda ke pAMca bheda haiM- parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cuulikaa| 2. caudaha pUrva isa prakAra haiM- utpAdapUrva, agrAyaNI, vIryapravAda, astinAsti pravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnuvAda, kalyANapravAda, prANavAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokbindusaar| 3. jayadhavalA- bhaag1-pRsstth87| 4. gAhAsade asIde atthe paNNarasadhA vihttmmi| vocchAmi suttagAhA jayi gAhA jammi atthmmi|| ka. pA.2 5. jayadhavalA bhAga1-pRSTha 183 Jain education International

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 185 pAhuDa ke mahAn vizeSajJa AcArya yativRSabha ne isa para chaha hajAra zlokapramANa cuNNisuttoM kI racanA kii| ina cuNNisuttoM ke bhI spaSTIkaraNa kI jaba AvazyakatA huI, taba 'uccAraNAcArya' ne bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa 'uccAraNA' nAmaka vRtti kA nirmANa kiyaa| ina sabake bhI spaSTIkaraNa ke lie zAmakuNDAcArya ne ar3atAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa 'paddhati' nAmaka TIkA kI vizeSa rUpa meM racanA kii| vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra jisameM mUlasUtra aura usakI vRtti kA vivaraNa kiyA gayA ho, use paddhati kahate haiN| indranandi ke anusAra yaha paddhati prAkRta, saMskRta aura karnATaka bhASA meM racI gaI TIkA vizeSa hotI thii| isa paddhati ke bAda tumbalUrAcArya ne SaTakhaNDAgama ke Arambhika pAMca khaNDoM para tathA kasAyapAhuDa para karNATakI bhASA meM 84 hajAra zloka pramANa 'cUDAmaNi' nAmaka bahuta vistRta vyAkhyA likhI thii| isa cUDAmaNi ke bAda bhI bappadevAcArya dvArA bhI isa grantha para koI TIkA likhI gaI thI- aisA ullekha milatA hai kintu isake nAma aura pramANa kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| isa samaya zAmakuMDAcArya racita 'paddhati', tumbalUrAcArya kI cUr3AmaNi aura vappadeva kI TIkA-inheM hama surakSita nahIM rakha sake, ataH ye tInoM viziSTa TIkAyeM aba upalabdha nahIM haiN| vastuta: dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke anusAra pratyeka vastuoM meM parivartana niyamAnusAra hotA hI rahatA hai| ataH yuga ke anusAra logoM kI smaraNa aura grahaNa zakti meM bhI parivartana aayaa| ata: siddhAnta ke viSayoM kI gahanatA aura bhASA kI kaThinAI ne isa mahAn jJAna kI avicchinna dhArA meM bAdhA DAlanA prArambha kiyA, taba uparyukta TIkAoM aura mUla grantha ke ananta arthoM ko hRdayaMgama karake AcArya vIrasena (navIM zatI kI pUrvArdha) aura jinase (navIM zatI) ne 'maNipravAla-nyAya' se prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita bhASA meM sATha hajAra zloka pramANa 'jayadhavalA' nAmaka TIkA kI racanA karake sarala bhASA meM usa mahAn avicchinna AgamajJAna paramparA ko bhAvI pIr3hI ke lie surakSita karake apane ko amara aura sadA ke lie zraddhA kA pAtra banA liyaa| * 1. suttavittivivaraNAe paddhaIvavaesAdo-jayadhavalA. 2. prAkRta saMskRta karNATabhASayA paddhatiH parA racitA-zrutAvatAra 164. 3. caturadhikAzItisahasragrantharacanayA yuktaam| __karNATabhASAyA'kRta mahatI cUr3AmaNiM vyAkhyAm / / zrutAvatAra 166. 4. zrutAvatAra 173-176.

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186 zramaNavidyA-3 jayadhavalA TIkA apane AdhArabhUta mUlagrantha kasAyapAhuDa aura usake cUrNisUtroM para likhI gaI vizAla TIkA hai| isameM 20 hajAra zlokapramANa prArambhika bhAga kI racanA AcArya vIrasena ne kI thI tathA inase svargavAsa ke bAda zeSabhAga kI racanA inake suyogya ziSya jinasenAcArya ne kii| isa samaya yaha jayadhavalA TIkA hindI anuvAda aura vizeSa vivecana ke sAtha bhA. digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI-mathurA se 16 se bhI adhika bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| ise 20vIM sadI ke lagabhaga pA~caveM dazaka meM caritracakravartI sva. AcArya zrI zAMtisAgara jI ke prayAsa se 'tAmrapatrotkIrNa' bhI kiyA jA cukA hai| isa TIkA kI upayogitA aura prasiddhi itanI adhika hai ki mUlagrantha taka ke lie loga 'jayadhavalasiddhAnta grantha' nAma se abhihita karate haiN| uparyukta TIkAoM ke AdhAra para isa siddhAnta Agama grantha kI mahattA gahanatA svayaM siddha hai aura isa mAdhyama se isake kartA AcArya guNadhara kA yogadAna bhI hamAre lie gaurava kI vastu hai| isa grantha kI racanA karake A. guNadhara ne isakA vyAkhyAna AcArya nAgahasti aura Arya maMkSu ko bhI kiyA thaa| kahA bhI hai ki 'puNo tAo ceva suttagAhAo Airiya paraMparAe AgacchamANIo ajjamakhuNAgaha tthINaM-pattAo' arthAt kasAyapAhuDa ke gAhAtta gurU-ziSya paramparA se Ate hue Arya maMkSu evaM nAgahasti ko prApta hue| ina donoM AcAryoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI prApta hotA hai| upalabdha jaina siddhAnta-Agama granthoM meM bhI yahI eka aisA grantha hai jisa para sarvAdhika TIkA sAhitya likhA gayA hai| do sau taitIsa gAthAoM vAle isa mUlagrantha para likhita TIkAoM kA pramANa lagabhaga do lAkha zloka pramANa se bhI adhika hogaa| isa prakAra hama sabhI AcArya guNadhara ke divya avadAna se sadA upakRta rheNge| 2. AcArya dharasena, 3. puSpadanta evaM 4. bhUtabali ___ mahAvIra nirvANa ke 600 varSa bAda arthAt IsA kI prathama zatI ke mahAn AcArya dharasena ko AgamajJAna paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane vAloM meM agraNI mAnA jAtA hai| saurASTra pradeza ke girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) kI candraguphA meM sAdhanA-rata pravacana vAtsalya AcArya dharasena siddhAntoM ke praur3ha-vettA tathA mahAkammapayaDipAhuDa ke vizeSa 1. jayadhavalA bhAga1-pRSTha88 2. kasAyapAhuDa sutta--saMpA.-paM. hIrAlAla si. zAstrI, vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA prakAzakIya pRSTha-4

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 187 jJAtA the| dIrgha tapasvI aura mahAn yogI AcArya dharasena ne apanI alpAyu jAna, paramparA se prApta aura apane pAsa surakSita avicchinna zrutajJAna kI mahAn paramparA kA apane sAtha hI anta najara Ane ke kAraNa, unheM isakI surakSA kI bar3I cintA satA rahI thii| ata: unhoMne isa avaziSTa alpAyu meM jJAna kI paramparA jIvita rakhane ke uddezya se dakSiNApatha Andhrapradeza ke veNAtaTAkapura mahimA nagarI meM usa samaya Ayojita vizAla muni sammelana ko eka patra bhejA, jisameM likhA thA-'svasti zrI veNAtaTAkavAsI yativaroM ko ujayanta taTa nikaTastha caMdraguhA nivAsI dharaseNagaNi abhivandanA karake yaha sUcita karatA hai ki merI Ayu atyanta alpa raha gayI hai| isase mere hRdayastha zAstra kI vyacchitti ho jAne kI sambhAvanA hai| ataeva usakI rakSA ke lie Apa zAstra grahaNa aura dhAraNa meM samartha, tIkSNabuddhimAn do yatIzvaroM ko bheja diijie| ___A. dharasena ke isa patra ke mantavya kI gambhIratA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue upasthita AcAryoM aura anya yatiyoM ne, samasta kalAoM meM pAraMgata, zAstroM ke arthagrahaNa aura dhAraNa meM samartha, deza, kula, zIla aura jAti se vizuddha sarvaguNasampanna do muni ziSya A. dharasena ke pAsa girinagara bheje| navAgata donoM sAdhuoM kI yogyatA saMbaMdhI samyak parIkSA A. dharasena ne aneka vidhi se lekara ina donoM kA kramaza: puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali nAma rkhaa| zubha muhUrta meM inheM mahAkammapayaDi pAhuDa kA adhyayana aura dhAraNa kraayaa| vinaya pUrvaka adhyayana karate hue ASAr3ha zuklA ekAdazI ke pUrvAnha meM ina donoM ne isa jJAna meM pUrNatA prApta kii| __ AcArya dharasena ne adhyApana pUrNa karAte hI apane prayojana kI siddhi samajhakara ni:zalya apane AtmakalyANa rUpa samAdhi ke mukhya lakSya ko sAdhane ke uddezya se inheM usI dina vApisa jAne ko khaa| guru ke AdezAnusAra vahA~ se aMkulezvara (gujarAta) meM ina donoM ne cAturmAsa kiyaa| isake bAda puSpadanta ne apane bhAnaje jinapAlita ke sAtha vanavAsi deza (karnATaka) kI ora tathA bhUtabali ne dramiladeza (tamila pradeza) kI ora vihAra kiyaa| 1. kasAyapAhuDa-saM. paM. sumeracandra divAkara, bhUmikA pRSTha9 . 2. dhavalA pustaka-1 pRSTha67-71 3. puNo-suThu tuTeNa dharaseNa bhaDAraeNa soma-tihi NakkhattavAre gaMtho' paarddho| puNo kameNa vakkhANaMteNa AsADhamAsa-sukkapakkha-ekkArasIe puvvaNhe' gaMtho samANido-dhavalA, bhAga 1. pRSTha 70 4. indranandi zrutAvatAra-129-34

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188 zramaNavidyA-3 vanavAsa deza Akara AcArya puSpadanta ne jinapAlita ko dIkSA dekara bIsa sUtroM (bIsa prarUpaNAoM se saMbaddha satprarUpaNA ke 177 sUtroM) kI racanA kI, tathA inheM jinapAlita ko par3hAkara una sUtroM ke sAtha A. bhUtabali ke pAsa bhejaa| AcArya bhUtabali ne ina sUtroM ko dekhakara tathA jinapAlita ke mukha se A. puSpadanta kI alpAyu jAnakara 'mahAkammapayaDi pAhuDa' ke vyuccheda kI cintA se 'dravyapramANAnugama' kA prArambha karake Age kI racanA kii| isa prakAra isa 'khaNDa siddhAnta' kI apekSA usake kartA bhUtabali aura puSpadanta prasiddha hue| dhavalA meM SaTakhaMDAgama kI racanA kA itivRtta itanA hI milatA hai| indranandi ke zrutAvatAra meM isake Age ke vivaraNa meM kahA hai ki sampUrNa SaTkhaMDAgama ke pustakArUr3ha hone para jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko caturvidha saMgha ne milakara isa Agama rUpa zrutajJAna kI bhavyatA ke sAtha vidhipUrvaka pUjA kI thI, tabhI se yaha zubha dina 'zrutapaMcamI' ke rUpa meM prasiddha huaa| jise Aja taka isa paramparA ke sabhI jaina ise pavitra parva ke rUpa meM vividha samArohoM ke sAtha manAte A rahe haiN| kyoMki AgamoM ke pustakArUr3ha hone kI eka naI paramparA kA sUtrapAta bhI isI dina huA thaa| isake pUrva AgamoM kI maukhika paramparA cala rahI thii| ata: AgamajJAna kI akSuNNatA ke sAtha hI isa naye sUtrapAta ke kAraNa bhI isa dina kA vizeSa mahatva ho jAtA hai| isa taraha A. dharasena se mahAkammapayaDipAhuDa kA jJAna prApta karake A. puSpadanta aura bhUtabali, jinheM dhavalAkAra ne 'bhagavan' rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA hai, unhoMne jIvaTThANa, khuddAbaMdha, baMdhasAmittavicaya, veyaNA, vaggaNA aura mahAbaMdha- ina chaha khaNDoM se yukta chakkhaMDAgama (SaTakhaMDAgama) kI racanA kii| yaha grantha kisI eka pUrva yA usake kisI eka pAhuDa para AdhArita na hokara, usake vibhinna anuyogadvAroM ke AdhAra para racA gayA hone se yaha khaNDasiddhAnta (khaMDasiddhaMta) yA 'khaNDa Agama' kahalAtA hai| yaha paramAgama rUpa hone se jIvoM ko AtmakalyANa kI ora pravRtta karane meM mahAnatama sAdhaka hai| kyoMki isake prathama jIvaTThANa khaNDa meM hI mokSamahala 1. dhavalA pustaka1 pRSTha71. SaTakhaMDAgamaparizIlanaH pIThikA pR.5 sN.p.baalcNdshaastrii| 2. jyeSThAsita pakSa-paJcamyA caaturvrnny-sNghsmvetH| tatpustakopakaraNairvyadhAt kriyApUrvakaM puujaam|| zrutapaJcamIti tena prakhyAtiM tithiriyaM praamaap| adyApi yena tasyAM zrutapUjAM kurvate jainaa:|| zrutAvatAra 143-144 3. dhavalA pustaka1-pRSTha74

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 189 ke sopAnabhUta caudaha guNasthAnoM kI vivecanA karate hue batalAyA hai ki ina guNasthAnoM meM jIva kisa taraha uttarottara utkarSa prApta karate hue ratnatraya ko vRddhiMgata karate haiN| kSudrakabandha nAmaka dvitIya khaNDa meM bandhaka-abandhaka jIvoM kA vivecana, tRtIya bandhasvAmitvavicaya khaNDa meM karma ke baMdhaka mithyAtva, asaMyama (avirata) kaSAya aura yoga-ina cAra mUla pratyayoM evaM unake uttarabhedoM kI vistRta prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| caturtha vedanA khaNDa meM kRti aura vedanA-ye do anuyogadvAra haiN| paMcama vargaNA khaNDa meM sparza, karma aura prakRti-ina tIna anayogadvAroM kA hI pratipAdana hai tathA chaThe 'mahAbaMdha' khaNDa meM bandhanIya adhikAra kI samApti ke bAda prakRti, pradeza, sthiti aura anubhAga bandha kA vistRta vivecana hai| isake prathama pA~ca khaNDoM kA vistAra chaha hajAra zloka-pramANa tathA antima khaMDa mahAbaMdha kA vistAra tIsa hajAra zloka pramANa hai| yadyapi yaha pUrA graMtha gadya rUpa sUtra zailI meM nibaddha hai, kintu bIca-bIca meM kucha gAthA sUtra bhI upalabdha haiN| cauthe vedanA khaNDa meM ATha aura pA~cave vargaNA khaMDa meM aTThAIsa gAthAsUtra haiN| udAharaNArtha eka gAthAsUtra uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai kAlo caduNNa vuDDhI kAlo bhajidavvo khettavuDDhIe / vuDDhIe davva pajjaya bhajidavvA khettakAlA du / / arthAt kAla cAroM kI vRddhi ko lie hue hotA hai| kAlavRddhi ke hone para dravya, kSetra aura bhAva kI vRddhi niyamata: hotI hai| dravya aura paryAya kI vRddhi hone para kSetra aura kAla kI vRddhi, hotI bhI hai, nahIM bhI hotI hai| isa prakAra A. dharasena ke mAdhyama se A. puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne SaTakhaMDAgama nAmaka isa paramAgama kI racanA karake siddhAntoM kI surakSA meM mahanIya yogadAna diyA hai| ___isa mahAna grantha para AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne (9 vIM zatI) ne prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita bhASA meM 'maNi-pravAla nyAya' kI taraha bahattara hajAra zloka pramANa 'dhavalA' nAmaka mahatvapUrNa TIkA likhI hai| dhavalA TIkA ke ullekhAnusAra yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya dharasena dvArA bhI joNi pAhuDa (yoniprAbhRta) nAmaka koI grantha likhA gayA thA, kintu yaha upalabdha nahIM hai| 1. chakkhaNDAgama vaggaNAkhaMDa pRSTha704 2. dhavalA pustaka 13 pRSTha 349

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190 zramaNavidyA-3 yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai ki jahA~ ardhamAgadhI paramparA ke AcArya mAtra ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke hI uddhAra, saMgraha aura vistAra meM lage the, vahIM zaurasenI paramparA ke AcAryoM ne mUla AgamoM ko vilupta huA svIkAra kara paramparA se prApta Agama-jJAna ke AdhAra para maulika rUpa meM svataMtratA se navIna zailI ke granthoM ke nirmANa meM saMlagna rhe| pratibhA ke unmukta bhAva se upayoga ke pariNAma-svarUpa dharasenAcArya se paramparAgata siddhAnta kA jJAna prApta karake chakkhaNDAgama ke kartAoM ne isa graMtha meM apane buddhibala se khArabela ke zilAlekha meM nibaddha 'Namo arahaMtAnaM, Namo savasidhAnaM' rUpa dvipadI maMgala ko paMcapadI NamokAra mahAmaMtra ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyaa| yadyapi yaha pavitra paMcanamaskAra maMtra paramparAgata rUpa se anAdi aura anidhana mAnA jAtA hai| chakkhaNDAgama ke kartAoM evaM isakI TIkA lekhaka AcAryoM ne paramparAgata siddhAnta kI koI bAta kisI sAmpradAyika bhedabhAva yA pakSapAta ke kAraNa chor3I nahIM hai| isIlie paramparAgata upayogI gAthAoM ko bhI apanI racanA meM unhoMne yathocita sthAna diyaa| 'bhaNitaM' Adi zabdoM ke upayoga dvArA unhoMne yaha bhI iMgita kiyA hai ki yaha gAthA unakI svanirmita nahIM apitu paramparAgata hai| yaha saba unakI sAhityika ImAnadArI kA paricAyaka hai| 5. AcArya yativRSabha 'kasAyapAhuDa sutta' ke cUrNisUtrakAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha dvitIya zatI ke prasiddha AcArya yativRSabha kA aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| yadyapi vibhinna zAstrakAroM dvArA inake matoM ke ullekha, cUrNisUtra tathA tiloyapaNNatti nAmaka inakI mahatvapUrNa kRti ke atirikta inake vyaktitva aura kartRtva ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| kasAyapAhaDa ke udgama prasaMga meM jayadhavalAkAra ke anusAra zruta ke uttarottara kSINa hone para aMga-pUrvo kA jJAna ekadeza hI AcAryaparamparA se Akara guNadhara ko prApta huaa| inhoMne pravacanavatsalatA ke kAraNa granthavyuccheda ke bhaya se pejjadosapAhuDa (kasAyapAhuDa) ko jo ki solaha hajAra pada pramANa thA, usakA mAtra eka sau assI gAthAoM meM upasaMhAra kiyaa| ye hI sUtragAthAyeM AcArya paramparA se AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti ko prApta huiiN| ina donoM hI ke pAdamUla meM baiThakara kasAyapAhuDa kI ina sUtragAthAoM ke artha ko bhalI-bhAMtI sunakara yativRSabha bhaTTAraka (jadivasahabhaDAraya) ne usa para cUrNi sUtroM kI racanA kii| 1. zvetAmbara parammaparA meM inakA yaha nAma 'ajjamaMgu' (AryamaMgu) milatA hai--nandIsUtra-28 2. jayadhavalA pustaka1 pRSTha87-88

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 191 prathama cUrNisUtrakAra ina ullekhoM se yaha siddha hai ki A. yativRSabha ke guru AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti the| aneka uttaravartI AcAryoM dvArA A. yativRSabha ke uddharaNoM, matoM Adi ke ullekhoM se yaha siddha hai ki ve apane samaya ke ucca AgamavettA pramANika vidvAn aura dIrghatapasvI AcArya the| isIlie ve ananta-gahana-artha garbhita kasAyapAhaDa jaise durUha aura atisaMkSepa grantha kI suttagAthAoM para saMkSipta zabdAvalI meM mahAn artha meM cUrNisUtroM kI racanA karane meM saphala hue| vastuta: ina cUrNisUtroM ke abhAva meM ina suttagAthAoM kA Agama (paramparA) sammata prAmANika artha karanA asambhava thaa| A. yativRSabha kA isalie bhI atyadhika mahatva hai ki ve zaurasenI paramparA ke prathama cUrNisUtrakAra haiN| dhavalA meM yativRSabhAcArya ke cUrNisUtroM ko vRttisUtra bhI kahA hai| jayadhavalAkAra ne vRttisUtra kA artha batalAyA hai- 'suttasseva vivaraNAe saMkhittasaddarayaNAe saMgahiya suttAsesatthAe vittisuttavavaesAdo' arthAt jisakI zabda racanA saMkSipta ho aura sUtragata azeSa arthoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA ho, aise vivaraNa ko vRttisUtra kahate haiN| ___ yadyapi ardhamAgadhI ke anekoM aMga AgamoM para vyAkhyA sAhitya ke antargata cUrNisAhitya upalabdha hai aura cUrNipada kI paribhASA meM kahA gayA hai ki jisameM mahAn artha ho, nipAta aura upasarga se yukta ho, gambhIra ho,aneka pada samanvita ho, vaha cUrNipada haiN| isa taraha cUrNipadoM ke antargata bIjasUtroM kI vivRtyAtmaka sUtra-rUpa racanA kI jAtI hai aura tathyoM ko vizeSarUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| kintu ina cUrNiyoM aura yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtroM kI zailI aura viSayavastu meM kAphI bhinnatA hai| ye to cUrNisUtra haiM, cUrNipada nahIM aura phira kasAyapAhuDa ke gAthAsUtroM se ina cUrNisUtroM kA mahatva kama nahIM hai, apitu ekadUsare ke pUraka haiN| kasAyapAhuDa cuNNisuttoM ke sAtha hI suprasiddha vidvAn sva. paM. hIrAlAla jI siddhAntazAstrI ne A. yativRSabha ko aneka pramANoM dvArA kammapayaDi cuNNi, 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-bhAga 2pR. 80 . 2. atthabahulaM mahatthaM heu-nivaaovsgggNbhiirN| bahupAyamavocchinnaM gaya-NayasuddhaM tu cuNNapayaM / / abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, cuNNapada 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-bhAga-2 pRSTha81 4. kammapayaDI-cirantanAcArya-viracita-cUA samalaMkRtA, prakA--muktAbAI jJAnamaMdira DabhoI, gujraat|

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192 zramaNavidyA-3 sataka cuNNi' (zataka prakaraNa cUrNi) aura sittarI cuNNi (saptatikAcUrNi')ina tInoM hI cUrNiyoM ke kartA siddha kiyA hai| ye tInoM hI mUlagrantha ajJAtakartRka bhI mAne gaye hai| tiloyapaNNatti uparyukta cUrNisUtroM ke atirikta A. yativRSabha dvArA racita zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA kA bahu-prasiddha mahAn grantha hai-'tiloyapaNNatti' (trilokprjnypti)| yaha grantha 9 mahAdhikAroM aura 180 avAntara adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| isameM tIna loka ke svarUpa, AkAra-prakAra, vistAra, kSetraphala, yugaparivartana, bhUgola evaM khagola Adi vividha viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| prasaMgAnusAra jaina siddhAnta, purANa, saMskRti, bhAratIya tathA jaina itihAsa viSayaka mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI bhI isameM upalabdha hai| bIca-bIca meM bar3I acchI sUktiyAM bhI dekhane ko milatI haiN| yathA andho NivaDai kUve bahiro Na suNedi sAdhu-uvadesaM / pecchaMto NisuNaMto Nirae jaM paDai taM cojjaM / / arthAt andhA vyakti kapa meM gira sakatA hai, badhira sAdha kA upadeza nahIM sunatA, to isameM Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| kintu Azcarya isa bAta kA hai ki jIva dekhatA aura sunatA bhI naraka meM jA par3atA hai| 6. AcArya kundakunda aura unakA divya avadAnaH tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke bAda kI uttaravartI jaina AcAryoM kI vizAla paramparA meM aneka mahAn AcAryoM kA nAma zraddhApUrvaka liyA jAtA hai| jinake anupama vyaktitva aura kRtitva se bhAratIya cintana anuprANita hokara caturdika prakAza kI kiraNeM phailAtA rahA hai, kintu ina sabameM aba se do hajAra varSa pUrva yugapradhAna AcArya kundakunda aise prakhara prabhApuMja ke samAna mahAn AcArya hue, jinake mahAn AdhyAtmika cintana se sampUrNa bhAratIya manISA prabhAvita huI aura usane eka adbhuta mor3a liyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki inake paravartI sabhI AcAryoM ne apane ko unakI paramparA kA AcArya mAnakara unakI 1. sataka (zataka) prakaraNa cUrNi, prakA. zrI vIrasamAja, rAjanagara, va. saM. 1978 2. sittarI (saptatikA) cUrNi-zrI muktAbAI jJAna maMdira, DabhoI gujarAta vi. saM. 1999 3. kasAyapAhuDasuttaH prastAvanA paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI pRSTha 38-52 4. tI. mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-2 pRSTha90

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna virAsata se jur3ane meM apanA gaurava mAnA tathA unakI mUla paramparA tathA jJAnagarimA ko eka svara se zreSTha mAnya karate hue kahA maMgalaM bhagavado vIro maMgalaM godamo gaNI / maMgalaM koNDakuMdAi, jeNha dhammotthu maMgalaM / / (maMgalaM bhagavAnvIro maMgalaM gautamo gaNI / maMgalaM kundakundAryo jainadharmo'stu maMgalam / / arthAt tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra - vardhamAna maMgalasvarUpa haiM / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI divyadhvani ke vivecanakartA tathA dvAdazAMga AgamoM ke racayitA prathama gaNadhara gautama-svAmI maMgalAtmaka haiN| AcArya kundakunda jaise samartha aneka AcAryoM kI AcArya-paramparA maMgalamaya hai tathA prANimAtra kA kalyANa karane vAlA jainadharma sabhI ke lie maMgalakAraka hai| 193 zilAlekhoM ke anusAra inakA janmasthAna koNukunde, pracalita nAma koMDakundI (kundakundapuram ) tahasIla guNTUra hai, jo Andhrapradeza ke anantapura jile meM kauNDakundapura aparanAma kurUmaraI mAnA jAtA hai / inakA janma zArvarI nAma saMvatsara mAgha zukla 5, IsApUrva 108 meM huA thaa| inhoMne 11 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI zramaNa dIkSA lI tathA 33 varSa taka munipada para rahakara jJAna aura cAritra kI satat sAdhanA kI / 44 varSa kI Ayu (IsA pUrva 64 ) meM caturvidha saMgha ne inheM AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA / 51 varSa 10 mAha aura 15 dina taka unhoMne AcAryapada ko suzobhita kiyA / isa taraha inhoMne kula 95 varSa 10 mAha 15 dina kI dIrghAyu pAyI aura IsA pUrva 12 varSa meM samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka mRtyu pAkara svargArohaNa kiyaa| 1 AcArya kundakunda ke grantha hI unakI prAcInatA, prAmANikatA aura maulikatA ko kaha rahe haiN| inhoMne apane granthoM meM 'suyaNANibhaddabAhU gamayagurU bhayavao jayao' kahakara apane ko bAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrvoM ke vipula vistAra ke vettA, gamakaguru (prabodhaka) bhagavAn zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA ziSya kahA hai / bhadrabAhu ko apanA gamakagurU kahane kA yahI artha hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kundakunda ko prabodha karane vAle guru the| isalie samayasAra ko bhI unhoMne zrutakevalI bhaNita kahA hai, yathA-- 2 naI 1. samayasAraH purovAk (munnuDi) pR. 3-4, saM. balabhadra jaina, prakAzana- kundakunda bhAratI, dillI 1978 / 2. bodhapAhuDa gAthA 60-61.

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194 zramaNavidyA-3 vaMdittu savvasiddhe dhuvamacalamaNopamaM gaI patte / vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo suyakevalI bhaNiyaM / / smysaar1|1|| sAhitya aura zilolekhoM meM inake aneka nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jinameM kauNDakunda (kundakunda), padmanandi, vakragrIva, elAcArya, mahAmuni, gRddhapiccha ye inake pramukha nAma haiN| ___ aneka granthoM aura zilAlekhoM meM A. kandakanda ke videhagamana aura cAraNaRddhi sambandhI ullekha milate haiN| yadyapi Aja ke kucha vidvAnoM ne videhagamana aura vahA~ sImaMdhara svAmI ke samavazaraNa meM pahu~cakara divyadhvani zravaNa kI isa ghaTanAko sahI nahIM mAnA hai| kintu sadiyoM prAcIna ullekhoM ko najaraandAja bhI kaise kiyA jA sakatA haiM? AcArya kandakanda kA vyaktitva aura kartRtva itanA anupama thA ki digambara jaina paramparA ke prAya: sabhI saMghoM ne apane ko kundakundAnvaya kA mAnane meM gauravazAlI anubhava kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki mUlasaMgha ke aneka bheda-prabheda ho jAne athavA svatantra anyAnya saMgha bana jAne ke bAvajUda sabhI saMgha AcArya kundakunda yA kundakundAnvaya kI paramparA kA apane ko saccA anuyAyI mAnate hue bhAvanAtmaka ekatA, jaina zAsana kI abhyunnati evaM AtmakalyANake lakSya meM ekajuTa hokara saMlagna rahe aura sabhI Aja bhI haiN| AcArya kundakunda aura unake anvaya kI gauravazAlI paramparA do hajAra varSoM se abataka nirantara calI A rahI hai| tathA kundakundAnvaya ke rUpa meM jisakA ullekha Aja bhI sabhI pratiSThita pUjya mUrtiyoM ke mUrtilekhoM meM anivAryata: pracalita hai| jinake paripekSya meM hama unake mahAn vyaktitva aura kartRtva ke sAtha hI bhAratIya manISA ko unake anupama yogadAna kI parakha kara sakate haiN| AcArya kundakunda kI bhASA aura unakA sAhityaH AcArya kundakunda kI kRtiyoM meM tAttvika, AdhyAtmika aura AcAra jaise durUha viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM bhAvoM aura bhASA kI praur3hatA tathA prasanna, sarala evaM gambhIra zailI kA jo svarUpa dikhalAI par3atA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai| inhoMne bhAratIya AryabhASA ke prAcIna svarUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara tatkAlIna bolacAlakI lokabhASA (janabhASA) ke rUpa meM lokapriya zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ko mAdhyama banAkara vizAla sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| kucha bhASA vaijJAnikoM ne

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 195 inakI kRtiyoM kI isa bhASA ko jaina zaurasenI kahA hai, kintu yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki vAstava meM yaha zaurasenI kI eka pravRtti mAtra hai| ata: ise mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta hI mAnA jAnA caahie| AcArya kundakundake uttaravartI aneka AcAryoM ne bhI inakI paramparAoM ko Age bar3hAte hue isI bhASA meM sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| __ isa sandarbha meM yazasvI vidvAn paM. balabhadra jaina kA yaha kathana sarvathA upayukta hai ki 'hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki kundakunda kevala siddhAnta aura AdhyAtma ke hI marmajJa vidvAna nahIM the, apitu ve bhASAzAstra ke bhI adhikArI aura pravartaka vidvAn the| unhoMne apanI praur3ha racanAoM dvArA prAkRta ko naye AyAma diye, unhoMne usakA saMskAra kiyA, use saMvArA aura nayA rUpa diyaa| isalie ve jaina zaurasenI ke Adya kavi aura racanAkAra mAne jAte haiN|'' zrutaparamparA ke saMrakSaka aura pAhuDa sAhitya ke anupama sraSTAH yadyapi zruta-vicchedake bAda aura kundakunda se pUrva zrutarakSA ke lie prayatna to bahuta hote rahe, kintu mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para jo matabheda utpanna ho gaye the unakA sAdhikAra likhane kA prayatna kisI ne nahIM kiyaa| yaha kArya AcArya kundakunda ne apane Upara liyaa| ataH yuga pratiSThApaka hone kA zreya kundakundako prApta honA svAbhAvika hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa samaya aura bAda kI paramparA ne AcArya kundakundako yaha sthAna aura mahattva diyA jo anya ko prApta nahIM huaa| kyoMki yugapratiSThApaka hone ke nAte kundakundakI mahattA nirantara bar3hatI hI gaI aura isIlie kundakundake mUlasaMghakA dUsarA nAma hI kundakundAnvaya prasiddha ho gyaa| ____ AcArya kundakunda ke sabhI grantha pAhuDa kahe jAte haiN| pAhuDa arthAt prAbhRta jisakA artha haiM bheNtt| TIkAkAra AcArya jayasena ne samayasAra kI tAtparyavRtti meM kahA hai ki jaise devadatta nAma kA koI vyakti rAjA kA darzana karane ke lie koI sArabhUta vastu le jAkara rAjA ko detA hai, to use prAbhRta yA bheMTa kahate haiM usI prakAra paramAtmA ke ArAdhaka puruSa ke lie nirdoSa paramAtmA rUpI rAjA kA darzana karAne ke lie yaha zAstra bhI prAbhRta (bheMTa) hai| isa taraha tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza rUpa dvAdazAMga vANI se sambaddha jJAnasamUharUpa granthoM ko hama pAhuDa kahate haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne apane prAyaH sabhI granthoM 1. samayasAraH mutruDi: pR. 10 saM.paM. balabhadra jaina. kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI. 2. AcArya kundakunda aura unakA samayasAraH le.DaoN. lAlabahAdura zAstrI.....pR.22. 3. samayasAra tAtparya vRtti: gAthA 1.

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zramaNavidyA-3 kI racanA mUla dvAdazAMga ke tatsaMbadhI sthaloM aura viSayoM ke AdhAra para kI hai| yathA bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke antargata caudaha pUrvo meM paMcama pUrva jJAnapravAda ke bAraha vastu-adhikAroM meM se dazama vastu adhikAra 'samaya pAhuDa' ke AdhAra para samayasAra grantha kI racanA kI gii| unhoMne apane granthoMkI prAmANikatA kA AdhAra prAya: sabhI granthoM ke prArambhika maMgalAcaraNoM meM sUcita karate hue kahA hai ki zrutakevaliyoM ne jo kahA hai, maiM vahIM kahU~gA arthAt zrutakevaliyoM dvArA prarUpita tattvajJAnakA meM vaktA mAtra hU~, svayaM kartA nhiiN| arthAt samayapAhaDa Adi vahI grantha haiM, jinakI dezanA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aura jinakI prarUpaNA gautama gaNadhara tathA zrutakevaliyoM ne kI thI, vahI jJAnAmRta AcArya paramparAse surakSita rUpa meM AcArya kundakundako prApta huA, jise unhoMne ina granthoM dvArA usI rUpa meM hama taka phuNcaayaa| Arambha meM sAkSAt gaNadhara-kathita vA pratyekabuddha-kathita sUtragranthoM kI kevala maukhika paramparA calI A rahI thI, siddhAnta granthoM ke nAma para gRhasthoM ko par3hane kI anumati nahIM thii| zruta kramaza: prAya: itanA vicchinna aura vismRtasA ho gayA thA ki sarvasAdhAraNa vidvAn-sAdhuoM ko una viSayoM para lekhanI calAne kA sAhasa na hotA thaa| kintu isa sthitiko AcArya kundakundane bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha samhAlA aura sAhitya sRjana karake janatA ko udbodhita karane ke lie ve Age bddh'e| sAtha hI apane anubhava kI bAjI lagAkara unhoMne 1.paMcatthikAya, 2. samayapAhuDa, 3. pavayaNasAra, 4. NiyamasAra, 5. aTThapAhuDa, isameM daMsaNapAhuDa, cArittapAhuDa, suttapAhuDa, bodhapAhuDa, bhAvapAhuDa, mokkhapAhuDa, sIlapAhuDa tathA liMgapAhuDa-ye ATha pAhuDa sammilita haiM) 6. bArasa aNuvekkhA aura 7.bhattisaMgaho (jisameM siddha, suda, cAritta, (joi) yogI, Airiya, NivvANa, paMcaguru tathA titthayarabhatti nAmaka bhaktisaMgraha) jaise mahAn granthoM kI racanA kii| inake atirikta rayaNasAra ko vidvAn inhI kI kRti mAnate haiN| tamila vedake rUpa meM suvikhyAta tirukkurala (kuralakAvya) nAmaka nItigrantha bhI inakI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| AcArya kundakundakI upalabdha kRtiyoM meM se paJcatthikAya, samayapAhuDa aura pavayaNasAra ko nATakatrayI yA prAbhRtatrayI bhI kahA jAtA hai| inameM paMcAstikAya 2. (ka) vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo sudakevalI bhaNidaM.........samayasAra 1.1. (kha) vocchami NiyamasAraM, kevali-sudakevalI bhaNidaM.........niyamasAra 1.1.

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 197 ko 'saMgraha' arthAt 'paMcatthisaMgaho' kahA gayA hai| isameM samyagdarzana ke viSayabhUta jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza-ina pA~ca astikAya dravyoM kA mukhyata: vivecana hai| samayasAra ke mAdhyamase AcArya kundakundane AdhyAtmika kSetra meM Atmatatva aura AdhyAtmika rUpakI jisa U~cAI ko chuA hai, vaha sampUrNa vizva sAhitya meM durlabha hai| isa dRSTi se samayasAra eka anupama grantharatna hai| jisameM samyagjJAna ke AdhArabhUta svadravya aura paradravya kI gahana vivecanA hai| pavayaNasAra meM jJAna-jJeya tattva ke sAtha hI samyak cAritra kI vizeSa vyAkhyA hai| yaha eka suvyasthita racanA vAlA eka dArzanika grantha ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhaka zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra saMbaMdhI upayogI zikSAoM kA pratipAdaka mahAn grantha bhI hai| jisameM dIkSArthI sAdhaka ke lie upayogI tathA atyAvazyaka upadeza bharA huA hai| isa taraha AcArya kundakunda ne ina tInoM hI granthoM meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA Avazyaka vistAra ke sAtha susambaddha vivecana karake mumukSujanoM ke lie sAkSAt mokSamArga pradarzita kiyaa| NiyamasAra meM bhI isI ratnatraya ko mokSa-prAptikA mArga pratipAdata kiyA gayA haiN| bArasa-aNuvekkhA meM adhruva, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azucitva, asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma aura bodhi--ina vairAgyavardhaka bAraha bhAvanAoM (anuprekSAoM) kA varNana hai| upadeza-pradhAna ATha pAhuDoM meM jo upadeza A. kundakundane diyA hai, usakA pradhAna lakSya zramaNoM ko sadA sacce AcAra meM sudRr3ha rakhanA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA racita granthoM meM cAhe hama paMcatthisaMgaho paDheM, samayapAhuDa yA pavayaNasAra paDheM-unake dvArA vastutatva kA jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, vaha apUrva hI hai| aTThapAhuDa, bArasa aNuvekkhA aura bhattisaMgaho- inameM kramaza: ratnatraya, vairAgya aura bhakti Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana bejor3a hai| samayapAhuDa Adi granthoM meM A. kundakundane para se bhinna tathA svakIya guNa-paryAyoM se abhinna AtmA

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zramaNavidyA- 3 kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai| unhoMne ina granthoM meM AdhyAtmika sukha kI dhArA rUpa se apUrva mandAkinI pravAhita kI hai, mumukSa usameM avagAhana kara zAzvata zAnti kI prApti ke yogya banate haiN| tabhI to purAnI hindI ke jaina mahAkavi paM.vRndAvanadAsa ne madhura chandoM meM AcArya kundakunda ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki 198 jAsake mukhAravindataiM prakAza bhAsavRnda, syAdvAda jaina vaina iMda kundakunda se I tAsa abhyAsa vikAsa bheda jJAna hota, mUDha so lakhai nahIM kubuddhi kundakunda se / deta haiM azIsa zIsa nAya inda caMda jAhi, mohi mAra khaMDa mArataNDa kundakunda se / vizuddhi buddhi vRddhidA, prasiddha Rddhi siddhidA, hue, na haiM, na hohige muniMda kundakunda se / / AcArya kundakunda nizcayanaya evaM AdhyAtma - pradhAna hokara bhI vyavahAra ke virodhI nahIM the| jinadeva, jinAgama Adi ke prati bArambAra apAra bhaktipUrvaka vaMdanA Adi puNyavardhaka kriyAyeM bhI unakI kRtiyoM ke prArambhika maMgalAcaraNoM se spaSTa hI haiM / jahA~ unhoMne rAga- dveSa evaM karmaphala se anirlipta zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa ke atirikta anya pudgala Adi dravyoM kI bhI prarUpaNA kI, vahIM saMsAracakra ke duHkha se pIr3ita jIvoM ko mukta karAne vAlI lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara granthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyaa| jahA~ pravacanasAra meM unhoMne zramaNAcAra kA bhI suvyavasthita pratipAdana kiyA, vahIM cAritrapAhuDa meM sAgAra (zrAvaka) ke dArzanika pratimA Adi gyAraha sthAnoM (pratimAoM) kA nirdeza karate hue bAraha bheda-svarUpa saMyamAcaraNa kA arthAt zrAvaka ke vratoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| vastutaH mukti prApti jIva kA hI lakSya hai aura bAhya vrata - saMyama Adi kA pratipAdana usI pUrta ke lie hI hai| 1 isa taraha sAhitya ke kSetra meM A. kundakunda kI alaukika vidvattA, zAstragrathana kI pratibhA evaM siddhAnta granthoM ke sAra ko AdhyAtmika aura dravyAnuyoga ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA apanA alaga hI vaiziSTya hai| tIrthaMkara 1. cArita pAhuDa gAthA 21-37.

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 199 mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke bAda yaha pahalA hI avasara thA, jabaki jJAnAbhyAsiyoM ko tattvacintana kI eka vyavasthita dizA milii| yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara jaina paramparA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke bAda AcArya kundakunda kA nAma yugapratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM bar3I zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai aura yugoM-yugoM taka ve isa rUpa meM (hama sabhI ke bIca) jIvita aura pratiSThita rheNge| AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM ke vyAkhyAkAra AcArya amRtacaMdra, A. jayasena, zrutasAgarasUri, kanaDI vRttikAra adhyAtmI bAlacandra, paM. banArasIdAsa, pAMDe rAjamalla, paM. jayacandrajI chAvar3A Adi tathA bIsavIM-zatI ke aneka manISiyoM kA hama upakAra kabhI nahIM bhUla sakate, jinhoMne kundakunda ke sAhitya kA gahana cintana, avagAhana evaM svAnubhava karake una dvArA vivecita tattvajJAna ko hama logoM taka sarala rUpa meM pahu~cAyA, tAki hama aura hamArI bhAvI pIr3hI Atma-kalyANa ke dvArA isa jIvana ko saphala banA ske| 7. AcArya zivArya IsA kI prathamazatI ke hI AcArya zivArya kA nAma zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM mahanIya yogadAna ke lie parama Adara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| yApanIya paramparA ke pramukha AcArya zivArya kA dUsarA nAma zivakoTi bhI prasiddha hai| yadyapi inhoMne apanI eka mAtra kRti bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anta meM apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai ajjajiNaNaMdigaNi- savvaguttagaNi ajjamittaNaMdINaM / avagamiya pAdamUle samma suttaM ca atthaM ca / / 2159 / / puvAyariyaNibaddhA uvajIvittA imA sasattIe / ArAdhaNA sivajjeNa pANidalabhoiNA raidA / / 2160 / / chadumatthadAe ettha du jaM baddhaM hojja pavayaNaviruddhaM / sodhetu sugIdatthA pavayaNavacchaladAe du / / 2161 / / ArAdhaNA bhagavadI evaM bhattIe vaNNidA saMtI / saMghassa sivajassa sa samAdhivaramuttamaM deu / / arthAt Arya jinanandigaNi, Arya sarvagaptagaNi aura Arya mitranandi ke pAdamUla meM baiThakara samyak prakAra se sUtra aura artha ko jAnakara tathA pUrvAcAryoM

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200 zramaNavidyA-3 dvArA nibaddha ArAdhanAoM (sUtrArtha) ko upajItya karake pANitalabhojI zivArya ne apanI zakti se isa ArAdhanA kI racanA kii| chadmasthatA yA jJAna kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa isameM kucha pravacana-viruddha likhA gayA ho to vidvajjana pravacana-vAtsalya se use zuddha kara leN| aura isa prakAra bhakti pUrvaka varNana kI gaI yaha bhagavatIArAdhanA saMgha aura zivArya ko uttama samAdhi de| __ apane viSaya meM isa taraha svayaM zivArya ke dvArA pradatta, mAtra yahI jAnakArI upalabdha hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne mUlagAthA meM kahA gayA 'puvvAyariyaNibaddhA upajIvittA imA sasattIe' kA artha lagAyA hai - 'pUrvAcAryakRta racanA ko AdhAra banAkara apanI zakti ke anusAra yaha grantha likhaa|' kintu yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki yaha zivArya kI eka mahattvapUrNa maulika kRti hai| aura unhoMne apanI zakti se pUrvAcArya nibaddha aura lupta ArAdhanA ke isa viSaya ko prastuta kRti ke mAdhyama se upajIvita (punarjIvita) kiyA hai| isa bAta kI pRSTi prabhAcandra kRta 'ArAdhanA kathAkoza' nAmaka grantha meM kI gaI samantabhadrAcArya kI kathA se bhI hotI hai| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA zivakoTi rAjya tyAgakara munidIkSA grahaNa karate haiM tathA sakalazruta kA avagAhana karake lohAcArya racita caurAsI hajAra gAthApramANa ArAdhanA ko saMkSipta karake ar3hAI hajAra pramANa mUlArAdhanA kI racanA karate haiN| yadyapi lohAcArya kRta ArAdhanA kA koI anya prAcIna ullekha nahIM milatA, ata: yaha kathAnaka kitanA prAmANika hai, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu pUrvokta kathana kA kucha na kucha phalitArtha to siddha hotA hI hai| samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa - ina cAra ArAdhanAoM ke prati bhagavatI vizeSaNa lagAkara parama AdarabhAva vyakta karake aura inhIM pUjya cAra ArAdhanAoM kA pratipAdana karane vAlA 'bhagavadI ArAhaNA' (bhagavatI ArAdhanA) nAmaka yaha mahAn grantha lagabhaga 2166 gAthAoM aura cAlIsa adhikAroM meM nibaddha hai| isameM cAra ArAdhanAoM ko pratipAdana kA pramukha viSaya banAte hue zramaNAcAra viSayaka munidharma, sallekhanA, maraNa, anuprekSA, bhAvanA tathA vividha jaina siddhAntoM evaM nItiyoM kA acchA aura vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isakA maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra haiM siddhe jayappasiddhe caubvihArAhaNAphalaM patte / vaMdittA arahate vocchaM ArAhaNA kamaso / / 1 / / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM sampUrNa gAthAoM kI saMkhyA alaga-alaga hai|

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 201 arthAt jagat meM prasiddha cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA ke phala ko prApta siddha aura arahaMta kI vandanA karake krama se ArAdhanA ko khuuNgaa| Age ArAdhanA ke svarUpa meM kahA hai ki samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra aura samyaktapa ke udyotana (zaMkA Adi doSoM ko dUra karanA) (udyavana) bAra-bAra AtmA kA samyak darzanAdi rUpa pariNata honA), nirvahana (nirAkulatApUrvaka samyak darzanAdi ko dhAraNa karanA athavA isa rUpa pariNati meM saMlagna honA, sAdhana (samyak darzanAdi rUpa pariNAmoM kA puna: utpanna karanA, nistaraNa--sAmarthya (samyak darzanAdi ko dUsare bhava meM bhI sAtha le jAnA) ko ArAdhanA kahate haiN| Age yahA~ maraNa ke satraha bheda batalAye gaye haiM, jinameM paMDitapaMDitamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa, aura bAlapaMDitamaraNa ko zreSTha kahA hai| paMDitamaraNa meM bhI bhaktapratijJAmaraNa ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha ArAdhanA viSayaka yaha eka sAMgopAMga kRti hai, jisakI samatA anyatra durlabha hai| isameM manuSyabhava ko sArthaka karane ke lie samAdhimaraNa kI siddhi kI AvazyakatA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| naitika AcAra aura jIvanotkarSa viSayaka vividha vivecana ke sAtha hI kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se isakA adhyayana mahattvapUrNa hai| udAharaNArtha upamA alaMkAra kA saMyojana ddaSTavya hai ghoDayaladdisamANassa tassa abbhaMtarammi kudhidassa / bAhirakaraNaM kiM se kAhidi bagaNihudakaraNassa / / 1341 / / arthAt jaise ghor3e kI lIda bAhara se cikanI kintu bhItara se durgandha ke kAraNa mahAmalina hai, usI taraha jo zramaNa bAhya ADambara to dhAraNa karatA hai, para antaraMga zuddha nahIM rakhatA, usakA AcaraNa bagule ke samAna hotA hai| yahA~ AcArya ne aMtaraMga zuddhi para bala diyA hai| vaise bhI isa pUre grantha meM zivArya ne tathya nirUpaNa kI yathArtha bhUmi para sthita ho saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM kI nissAratA kI nidarzanA, dRSTAnta, udAharaNa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM dvArA abhivyaktakara grAhyatA pradAna kI hai| 2. ujjovaNamujjavaNaM NivvahaNaM sAhaNaM ca NiccharaNaM / saNaNANa carittaM tavANamArAhaNA bhaNiyA / / 2 / / 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 25. 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA: bhAga-2 pRSTha 132.

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202 zramaNavidyA-3 bhagavatI ArAdhanA para do mahattvapUrNa TIkAyeM upalabdha haiN| 1.aparAjita sUri kRta vijayodayA TIkA tathA 2.paM. AzAdhara kRta 'mUlArAdhanA darpaNa ttiikaa'| zivArya ne bhagavatI arAdhanA meM tatkAlIna pracalita aneka prAcIna paramparAoM ko bhI sammilita kara sAdhaka jIvana kI saphalatA kA acchA nidarzana kiyA hai| sAtha hI Aja ke sandarbha meM, jabaki hamAre bhArata deza meM sarakAra 'choTA parivAra sukhI parivAra' kI nIti ke pracAra para apAra dhana kharca karatI hai kintu vaisI saphalatA prApta nahIM hotii| ata: isake lie isa bhagavatI ArAdhanA grantha kA yaha mahattvapUrNa saMdeza ki 'bahuta baccoM vAlA bar3A parivAra daridra aura sadA duHkhI rahatA hai' kAphI kAryakArI ho sakatA hai| yathA to te sIladariddA dukkhamaNaMtaM sadA vi pAvaMti / bahupariyaNo dariddo pAvadi tivvaM jadhA dukkhaM / / / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA1303 / / arthAt jaise bahuparijana vAlA daridra vyakti tIvra du:kha pAtA hai, vaise hI zIla se daridra muni sadA anaMta du:kha pAte haiN| isa taraha kA samAjazAstrIya adhyayana to mahattvapUrNa hai hI, yadI isakA sAMskRtika adhyayana bhI kiyA jAe to ati mahatvapUrNa aura upayogI siddha hogaa| 8. AcArya vaTTakera aura unakA mUlAcAra zramaNAcAra viSayaka zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ke eka bahumUlya grantha 'mUlAcAra' ke yazasvI kartA AcArya vaTTakera kA isa kSetra meM anupama yogadAna hai| yaha unakI ekamAtra upalabdha kRti hai| digambara jaina paramparA meM AcArAMga ke rUpa meM prasiddha yaha zramaNAcAra viSayaka maulika, svataMtra prAmANika evaM prAcIna grantha dvitIya-tRtIya zatI ke AsapAsa kI racanA hai| yadyapi anya kucha pramukha AcAryoM kI taraha A. vaTTakera ke viSaya meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu unakI ekamAtra anamola kRti mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se hI A.vaTTakera kA bahuzruta sampanna evaM utkRSTa cAritradhArI AcAryavarya ke rUpa meM unakA vyaktitva hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai| isa viSayaka vistRta jAnakArI ke lie dekheM-isa lekha ke lekhaka DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI dvArA likhita evaM I.san 1987 meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zogha saMsthAna, vArANasI5, dvArA prakAzita aneka puraskAroM se puraskRta evaM carcita zodha prabaMdha "mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' kA prathama-prAstAvika adhyaay|

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 203 dakSiNa bhArata meM beTTakerI sthAna ke nivAsI 'vaTTakera' digambara paramparA meM mUlasaMgha ke pramukha AcArya the| inhoMne munimArga kI pratiSThita paramparA dIrghakAla taka yazasvI aura utkRSTa rUpa meM calate rahane aura munidIkSA dhAraNa ke mUla uddezya kI prApti hetu 'mUlAcAra' grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM zramaNa-nirgranthoM kI AcArasaMhitA kA suvyavasthita, vistRta evaM sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra tathA kundakunda sAhitya kI kucha gAthAyeM samAna milane aura mUlAcAra kI vasunandikRta AcAravRtti kI kucha pANDulipiyoM meM A. kundakunda kA nAmollekha hone ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra ko bhI kucha vidvAnoM ne AcArya kundakunda kI kRti siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu ina donoM meM anekoM asamAnatA ke kAraNa aisA hai nhiiN| AcArya kundakunda vRttikAra tathA ailAcArya ke rUpa meM bhI prasiddha haiN| ina AdhAroM para bhI vaTTakera aura kundakunda ko kucha vidvAnoM ne eka hI AcArya siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu yaha bhI khIMcatAna hI hai| ata: mUlAcAra ko A. kundakunda kRta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha granthoM kI gAthAoM se mUlAcAra kI kucha gAthAoM kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para kucha vidvAn ise saMgrahagraMtha bhI kaha dete haiM, kintu yaha tathya hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA jaba do bhAgoM meM vibhakta huI, usa samaya samAgata zruta donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ko kaMThastha thaa| ata: una donoM ne samAna rUpa se usakA upayoga prasaMgAnusAra apanI-apanI racanAoM meM kiyA, isIlie kucha samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para hI kisI maulika grantha ko saMgrahagraMtha kaha denA, usa sampUrNa virAsata ke sAtha anyAya hI kahA jaaegaa| / vastuta: samAna gAthAoM vAle kucha grantha to hameM usa paramparA ke prAcInatama una srotoM ko khojane kA avasara pradAna karate haiM, jo tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI sAdhanA aura unake zramaNasaMgha kI AcAra saMhitA se hI sIdhe jur3a the| kyoMki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM zramaNAcAra ke jina niyamoM aura upaniyamoM ko nibaddha kiyA gayA hai tathA mUlAcAra meM zramaNa kI jo acAra saMhitA nibaddha hai, usakI tAttvika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI preraNA meM koI vizeSa antara pratIta nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA ke jisa mUla dharAtala para zramaNAcAra kA mahAprAsAda ardhamAgadhI Agama meM nirmita hai, usI ahiMsA ke mUla dharAtala para mUlAcAra meM bhI zramaNAcAra kA vizAla bhavana nirmita hai| isa dRSTi se mUlAcAra ko bhI AcArAMga ke AdhAra para hI nirmita mAnA gayA hai| mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra A. vasunandi,

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204 zramaNavidyA-3 A.sakalakIrti aura paM naMdalAla jI chAvar3A tathA RSabhadAsa nigotyA ke kathanoM se isa bAta kA samarthana bhI hotA hai| isIlie AcArya vIrasena ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI apanI dhavalA TIkA meM tathA AcArya akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM ko AcArAMga ke nAma se hI uddhRta kiyA hai| uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hai ki prathama mUla-aMga-Agama AcArAMga ke AdhAra para isakI racanA huI aura isIlie isakA nAma bhI mUlAcAra prasiddha huA aura tadanusAra usa zramaNasaMgha ke AcAra kA pratipAdaka hone se unake saMgha kA nAma 'mUlasaMgha' pracalita huA jAna par3atA hai| ___ mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki pA~caveM zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ke samaya jo durbhikSa par3A thaa| usake prabhAva se zramANAcAra meM jo zithilatA AI thI, use dekhakara zramaNoM ko apane AcAra-vicAra evaM vyavahAra Adi kI vizuddhatA kA samagra evaM vyavasthita jJAna karAne hetu AcArya vaTTakera ne isa mUlAcAra kA nirmANa kiyaa| jisa vyavasthita rUpa meM zramaNadharma ke sampUrNa-AcAra vicAra kA nirUpaNa isameM milatA hai, vaisA anya zramaNAcAraparaka prAcIna granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| mUlAcAra meM mUlaguNa, bRhatpratyAkhyAna-saMstarastava, saMkSepapratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava, samAcAra, paMcAcAra, piNDazuddhi, SaDAvazyaka, dvAdazAnuprekSA, anagArabhAvanA, samayasAra, zIlaguNa aura paryApti - ye bAraha adhikAra haiN| inameM kula 1252 gAthAyeM haiN| sabhI adhyAya paraspara sambaddha hokara kramabaddha rUpa meM munidharma kA uttarottara vivecana karate hue bhI isakA pratyeka adhikAra eka svataMtra grantha kA bhI rUpa liye hue hai| yadi pratyeka adhikAra ko alaga-alaga prakAzita karake inakA adhyayana ho, to bhI una pratyeka meM sampUrNatA hI lagatI hai| ___jaise isake sAtaveM SaDAvazyaka adhikAra kA hI udAharaNa leN| isakA prArambha hI maMgalAcaraNa se hotA hai aura anta bhI upasaMhArAtmaka zailI meM huA hai| isake prArambha meM hI AcArya vaTTakera ne pratijJA kI hai ki aba Avazyaka niyukti kA kathana kara rahA hU~ aura phira isa pUre adhikAra meM sAmAyika, stava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga-ina chaha AvazyakoM kA kramaza: bheda- prabheda sahita acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM upalabdha 'AvazyakasUtra' tathA inakI niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi Adi granthoM meM chaha AvazyakoM kA svarUpa mUlAcAra ke sadRza hI hai|

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 205 mUlAcAra ke prathama adhikAra meM aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki zramaNAcAra rUpa vRkSa ke lie jo mUla (jar3a) ke samAna hoM, ve mUlaguNa haiN| ye zramaNadharma kI AdhArazilA haiN| sampUrNa munidharma ina aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM se siddha hotA hai| inameM nyUnAdhikatA rahane para sAdhaka ko zramaNadharma se cyata mAnA gayA jAtA hai| mUlAcAra kA antima adhikAra hai pryaapti| isameM paryApti Adi karaNAnuyoga ke una jaina siddhAntoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jo A.vaTTakera ko yaha jJAna avicchinna AcArya paramparA se prApta huA thaa| ___ isa taraha AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra ke mAdhyama se mAtra sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA ko hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa bhAratIyatA ko vaha AcAra-saMhitA pradAna kara mahanIya yogadAna kiyA hai, jisake kAraNa yaha bhArata deza sadA hI gauravAnvita hotA rhegaa| 9. svAmI kArtikeya _ 'kArtikeyAnuprekSA' nAma se prasiddha 'bArasa-aNuvekkhAo' (dvAdazAnuprekSA) ke kartA svAmI kArtikeya yA svAmI kumAra dUsarI zatI ke AcArya haiN| inakA jIvanavRtta bhI spaSTa rUpa meM prApta nahIM hotaa| ye bAla bramhacArI the aura inhoMne kumArAvasthA meM hI muni dIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| isIlie inhoMne apane grantha ke anta meM vAsupUjya, mallinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra-ina kumArakAla meM hI dIkSita aura mukti ko prApta hone vAle pA~ca tIrthakaroM ke prati vizeSa anurAga vaza inakA stavana, guNAnuvAda aura inakI vizeSa vaMdanA kI hai| kucha ullekhoM ke anusAra ye agni nAmaka rAjA ke putra the| inakI bahana kA vivAha roheDanagara ke rAjA krauMca ke sAtha huA thaa| kisI bAta para krauMca rAjA svAmIkumAra se nArAja ho gaye aura usane kArtikeya para dAruNa upasarga kiye, jise ye samatA pUrvaka sahana karate rahe aura anta meM ratnatraya pUrvaka devaloka prApta kiyaa| - 491 gAthAoM meM nibaddha 'bArasa aNuvekkhA' unakI ekamAtra kRti hai| isakA prArambhika maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra hai tihuvaNa-tilayaM devaM vaMdittA tihuvaNiMda-paripujjaM / vocchaM aNupehAo bhaviya-jaNANaMda-jaNaNIo / / 1 / / 1. tihuvaNa-pahANa sAmi kumAra-kAlevi taviya tv-crnnN| vasupujja-suyaM malliM carama-tiyaM saMthuve NiccaM / / 489 / / 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA mUlArAdhanA darpaNa TIkA gAthA1549. pR.1443 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 2 pR. 136se uddhRta. 4. kucha saMskaraNoM meM 489 gAthAyeM bhI haiN|

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206 zramaNavidyA-3 arthAt tIna bhuvana kA tilaka, tIna bhuvana ke indroM se pUjya jinendradeva ko namana karake bhavyajanoM ko AnandadAyaka anuprekSAoM ko khuuNgaa| grantha ke anta meM grantha kA nAma sUcita karate hue kahA hai ki ye bAraha anuprekSAyeM jinAgama ke anusAra kahIM hai, ata: jo bhavyajIva inheM par3hatA sunatA aura inakI bhAvanA karatA hai ata: uttama sukha ko pAtA hai bArasa-aNuvekkhAo bhaNiyA hu jiNAgamANusAreNa / jo paDhai suNai bhAvai so pAvai sAsayaM sokkhaM / / 490 / / prastuta grantha meM adhruva, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dharma-ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ke pratipAdana ke prasaMga meM sAta tattva, jIvasamAsa, mArgaNA, vrata, dAtA, dAna, sallekhanA, dasadharma, dhyAna, tapa Adi jaina siddhAnta evaM AcAra viSayaka viSayoM kA acchA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| svAmI kArtikeya kI bhASA, bhAva, zailI atyanta hI sarala aura subodha hai| viSaya pratipAdana aura racanA zailI 'bhagavatI. ArAdhanA' ke kartA zivArya, aura pAhuDa sAhitya ke kartA AcArya kundakunda ke samAna hai| isa graMtha meM inakI zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA itanI sarala hai ki isa bhASA-prayoga ke AdhAra para hama prAkRta se apabhraMza athavA isase sIdhe udbhUta vartamAna rASTrabhASA hindI ke udbhava aura vikAsa kI prakriyA samajha sakate haiN| praznottara-zailI meM likhI gayIM gAthAyeM vizeSa rocaka aura mahattvapUrNa haiN| zailI meM artha-sauSThava, svacchatA, preSaNIyatA, sUtrAtmakatA, alaMkArAtmakatA samaveta haiN| praznottara zailI kI ye kucha gAthAyeM dRSTavya haiM ko Na vaso itthi-jaNe, kassa Na mayaNeNa khaMDiyaM mANaM / ko indiehiM Na jio, ko Na kasAehiM saMtatto / / 281 / / so Na vaso itthijaNe, so Na jio iMdiehiM moheNa / jo Na ya giNhadi gaMthaM, anbhaMtara bAhiraM savvaM / / 282 / / __ arthAt loka meM strIjana ke vaza meM kauna nahIM? kAma ne kisakA mAna khaNDita nahIM kiyA? indriyoM ne kise nahIM jItA aura kaSAoM se kauna saMtapta nahIM huA? / / 281 / /

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna granthakAra ne ina samasta praznoM kA uttara tarkapUrNa aura subodha zailI meM aMkita kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM-- jo manuSya bAhya aura Abhyantara samasta parigraha ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha manuSya na to strIjana ke vaza meM hotA hai, na kAma ke adhIna hotA hai aura na moha aura indriyoM ke dvArA hI vaha jItA jA sakatA hai / / 282 / / 10. AcArya vasunandi zrAvaka evaM zramaNadharma tathA jaina siddhAntoM ke mahAn vettA evaM lekhaka ke rUpa meM AcArya vasunandi kA zaurasenI prAkRta aura saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| inakA upalabdha sAhitya hI inakA jIvana-darzana hai, anyathA inake jIvana ke viSaya meM upalabdha jAnakArI bahuta hI alpa hai| vartamAna meM 'vasunandi zrAvakAcAra' nAma se prasiddha zaurasenI prAkRta kA grantha 'uvAsayajjhayaNaM' (upAsakAdhyayanam) kI prazasti ke anusAra svasamaya aura parasamaya ke jJAtA AcArya kundakunda kI paramparA meM zrInandi nAmaka AcArya hue haiN| inake ziSya nayanandi aura inake ziSya nemicandra ke prasAda se vasunandi ne isa grantha kI racanA kI / 1 207 yadyapi isa prazasti meM inake isa grantha kA parimANa 650 gAthA - pramANa likhA hai, kintu vartamAna meM mAtra 546 gAthAyeM upalabdha haiN| inake samaya kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| kucha vidvAn inakA samaya 12vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha athavA 11vIM zatI kA antima bhAga mAnate haiM kintu isa grantha kI bhASA, zailI aura viSaya ke pratipAdana Adi ke gahana adhyayana ke AdhAra para ve isase bhI kAphI pUrva 8- 9 vIM zatI ke AcArya pratIta hote haiN| 1 1. AsI sasamaya-parasamayavidu sirikuMdakuMdasaMtANe / bhavvayaNakumuyavaNasisirayaro siriNaMdiNAmeNa / / 540 / / sisso tassa jidisAsaNa rao 666........ / yadiNAmamuNiNo bhavyAsayAdao / / 542 / / sisso tassa jiNAgama jalaNihivelAtaraMgadhoyamaNo / saMjAo sayalajae vikkhAo micandu tti / / 543 / / tassa pasAeNa mae Airiya paraparAgayaM satyaM / vacchallayAe raiyaM bhaviyANamuvAsajjhayaNaM / / 544 / / chacca sayA paNNasuttarANi eyassa gaMthaparimANaM / 650 | gAthA pramANa vasudiNA NibaddhaM vitthayariyavvaM viyaDDhehiM / / vasunandi zrAvakAcAraH gAthA - 546 / /

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208 zramaNavidyA-3 inakI pramukha kRti 'uvAsayajjhayaNa' prAcIna kAla se kAphI lokapriya rahI hai| sAgAradharmAmRta ke racayitA paNDita AzAdhara jI (vikrama kI 13 vIM zatI) ne apane grantha kI TIkA meM vasunandi ke isa 'uvAsayajjhayaNa' kI cAra gAthAyeM bar3e hI Adarollekha ke sAtha uddhatR kI haiN| vasunandi ne apane isa grantha ke maMgalAcaraNa meM kahA hai ki jinhoMne bhavya jIvoM ke lie zrAvaka aura muni (sAgAra aura anagAra) dharma kA upadeza diyA hai, aise zrI jinendradeva ko namaskAra karake, maiM (vasunandi) zrAvakadharma kA pratipAdana karatA huuN| yathA sAyAro NAyAro bhaviyANaM jeNa desio dhammo / NamiUNa taM jiNiMdaM sAvayadhammaM parUvemo / / 2 / / Age kahA hai ki 'vipalAcala parvata para indrabhUti ne zreNika ko jisa prakAra se zrAvakadharma kA upadeza diyA hai, usI prakAra gurU paramparA se kahe jAne vAle zrAvakadharma ko suno| isake Age zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM (sthAnoM) kA vivecana kiyA hai| aura prAya: inhIM ko AdhAra banAkara hI zrAvakadharma kA yahI pratipAdana kiyA hai| pratimAoM Adi kA jo pratipAdana yahA~ jisa vizeSatA se kiyA hai, vaisA digambara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM pUrNa rUpa meM nahIM milatA, kintu isake kucha viSayoM kA vivecana to sIdhe Agamika paramparA ke samAna hai, vizeSakara arddhamAgadhI ke upAsagadasAo ke smaan| isa grantha meM pratipAdita aneka viSayoM meM dhyAna kA svarUpa, jinapUjA, jinabimba, pratiSThA, vratoM kA vidhAna, dAna ke pAMca adhikAra Adi pramukha haiN| isake atirikta inakI mahatvapUrNa kRtiyoM meM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, mUlAcAra kI AcAravRtti, AptamImAMsA vRtti tathA jinazataka TIkA upalabdha haiN| ye sabhI saMskRta bhASA meM racita haiN| inake sAhitya ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki inhoMne prAcIna saiddhAntika paramparAoM ko jIvita rakhane kA prANapraNa se prayatna kiyA, isIlie inake nAma ke sAtha saiddhAntika vizeSaNa bhI prasiddha hai| 11. AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta- cakravartI vikrama kI 11vIM zatI ke suprasiddha jaina siddhAntavettA AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI gaMgavaMzIya rAjA rAcamalla ke pradhAnamaMtrI evaM senApati 1. uvAsayaNjjha yaNaM gAthA 3. 2. daMsaNa-vaya-sAmAiyaM-posaha-sacitta-rAibhatte ya / baMbhAraMbha-pariggaha-aNumaNa uddiTTha-desavirayammi / / 4 / / eyArasa ThANAI...... / / 5 / /

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 209 cAmuNDarAya ke guru the| jisa taraha cakravartI apane cakraratna se bhAratavarSa ke chaha khaNDoM ko binA kisI vighna-bAdhA ke apane adhIna kara letA hai, usI taraha inhoMne apane buddhibala rUpI cakra se jIvasthAna, kSudrakabaMdha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanA, vargaNA aura mahAbaMdha ina chaha khaNDoM meM vibhakta SaTakhaNDa rUpa SaTakhaNDAgama nAmaka siddhAntazAstra ko gommaTasAra nAmaka grantha meM samyak rUpa se sAdhA hai| yathA jaha cakkeNa ya cakkI chakkhaMDaM sAhiyaM aviggheNa / taha mai-cakkeNa mayA chakkhaMDa sAhiyaM sammaM / / -gommaTasAra karmakANDa. gAthA 397 / isa taraha inhoMne SaTakhaNDAgama evaM isakI dhavalA TIkA rUpa siddhAnta zAstra kA maMthanakara zaurasenI prAkRta meM gommaTasAra grantha kI racanA kI tathA kasAyapAhuDa sutta evaM isakI jayadhavalA TIkA kA maMthanakara labdhisAra nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| A. nemicandra dezIyagaNa ke AcArya haiN| inhoMne abhayanaMdi, vIranaMdi aura indranandi ko apanA guru batalAyA hai|' vidvAnoM ne gommaTasAra, trilokasAra Adi granthoM ke kartA aura dravyasaMgraha ke kartA nemicandra siddhAntideva alaga-alaga samayoM ke do bhinna AcArya mAne haiM, kintu donoM ko kucha vidvAn bhramavaza eka mAna lete haiN| jabaki donoM alagaalaga nAma se prasiddha hai| ata: gommaTasAra ke kartA A.nemicaMda siddhAnta cakravartI ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM, jabaki dravyasaMgraha ke kartA inase bhinna 'muni nemicandra siddhAntideva' isa nAma se prasiddha haiN| sAhitya sRjana gommaTasAra, trilokasAra, labdhisAra, aura kSapaNAsAra-ye inakI pramukha zreSTha saiddhAntika kRtiyAM haiN| ye sabhI zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita haiN| saMkSepa meM inake dvArA sRjita sAhitya kA paricaya isa prakAra hai1. gommaTasAra 'gommaTa' yaha cAmuNDarAya kA ghara meM bolA jAne vAlA nAma thaa| ata: cAmuNDarAya dvArA zravaNabelagolA (karnATaka) meM vindhyagiri parvata para sthApita kI 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa gAthA 436 evaM 785, labdhisAra gAthA 648

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210 zramaNavidyA-3 gaI 57 phuTa U~cI bAhubali svAmI kI bhavya evaM vizAla mUrti gomaTezvara (cAmuNDarAya kA devatA) nAma se vikhyAta hii| tathA gommaTa upanAmadhArI inhIM cAmuNDarAya ke lie nemicandrAcArya ne gommaTasAra nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| yaha grantha jIvakANDa aura karmakANDa- ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, jisameM kramaza: 734 aura 962 gAthAyeM haiN| jaisA ki pahale hI kahA gayA hai ki gommaTasAra SaTkhaNDAgama kI paramparA tathA usI ke viSayoM kA saMkSepa meM vivecana karane vAlA grantharatna hai| isake prathama jIvakANDa meM mahAkarma prAbhRta ke siddhAnta sambandhI jIvasthAna, kSudrakabaMdha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanA aura vargaNA-ina pA~ca khaNDoM ke viSayoM kA varNana hai| aura guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, paryApti, prANa, saMjJA, caudaha mArgaNA aura upayoga Adi bIsa prarUpaNAoM meM jIva kI aneka avasthAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke dvitIya karmakANDa khaNDa meM prakRtisamutkIrtana, bandhodayasattva, sattvasthAnabhaMga, tricUlikA, sthAnasamutkIrtana, pratyaya bhAvacUlikA, vikaraNacUlikA, aura karmasthitibaMdha-ina nau adhikAroM kA vivecana hai| gommaTasAra para aneka AcAryoM kI vibhinna TIkAyeM upalabdha haiN| 2. trilokasAra yaha 10 18 gAthAoM meM nibaddha karaNAnuyoga kA grantha hai| yaha cAmuNDarAya ke pratibodha ke lie likhA gayA thaa| yaha grantha yativRSabhAcArya kRta tiloyapaNyatti tathA A. akalaMkadevakRta tattvArthavArtika ke AdhAra para likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai| isameM loka-bhavana, vyaMtara, jyotiSa, vaimAnika evaM manuSya (tiryak)ina lokoM kA vizad vivecana hai| 3. labdhisAra kSayopazama, vizuddhi, dezanA, prAyogya aura karaNa--ye samyadagdarzana kI prApti meM sAdhanabhUta ina pA~ca labdhiyoM kA 649 gAthAoM meM kathana karane vAlA 1. gommaTasAra para jIvapradIpikA nAmaka svopajJa vRtti, abhayacandra siddhAnta cakravarti dvArA likhita maMdaprabodhAnI TIkA, kezavarNI dvArA likhita kanaDavRtti tathA paM. ToDaramala viracita samyagjJAna candrikA nAmaka vizAla TIkA-isa taraha isa para vyAkhyA sAhitya upalabdha hai|

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 211 yaha eka mahanIya aura bRhad grantha hai| isameM jIva ko anAdi kAla se baddha karmoM se mukta hone kA upAya batalAyA gayA hai| isameM darzanalabdhi, cAritralabdhi, aura kSAyika cAritra-ye tIna adhikAra haiN| 4. kSapaNAsAra yaha gommaTasAra kA uttarArdha jaisA hai| isameM 653 gAthAyeM haiN| karmoM ke kSaya karane kI vidhi kA isameM vizada aura sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa hai| 12. siddhAntideva muni nemicandra aura unakI dravyasaMgraha siddhAntideva nemicaMda muni dvArA likhita davvasaMgaho (dravyasaMgraha) nAmaka 58 gAthAoM vAlA laghu grantha 'gAgara meM sAgara' kI ukti ko caritArtha karatA hai| isameM jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla tathA karma, tattva, dhyAna Adi vividha viSayoM kA acchA vivecana hai| jisa taraha isameM jaina-dharma-darzana ke pramukha tattvoM ko sAragarbhita, subodha zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| isI kAraNa yaha jaina siddhAnta kA pratinidhi aura lokapriya laghugrantha hai| isa para aneka TIkA grantha upalabdha haiN| zaurasenI sAhitya ke anya AcArya isa prakAra zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke uparyukta AcAryoM ke atirikta aneka AcAryoM dvArA racita aise grantha bhI haiM, jinake lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai| aise mahattvapUrNa granthoM meM 'paMcasaMgraha' pramukha hai| paMcasaMgraha nAmaka yaha vizAla grantha jIvasamAsa, prakRtistava, karmabandhastava, zataka aura sattarA- ina pAMca prakaraNoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM 445 mUla gAthAyeM, 864 bhASya gAthAyeM, isa prakAra kula 1309 gAthAyeM haiN| isakA kAphI aMza prAkRta gadya meM bhI hai| isI ke AdhAra para AcArya amitagati (11vIM zatI) ne saMskRta paJcasaMgraha kI racanA kii| zaurasenI prAkRta ke anya jina AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ upalabdha evaM prakAzita haiM, unameM padmanandi muni (11vI zatI) dvArA viracita jaMbuddIvapaNNattisaMgraho (2389gAthAyeM) tathA dhammarasAyaNa 193gAthAyeM, devasenasUrI (10vI zatI) dvArA likhita laghunayacakra, ArAdhanAsAra (115 gAthAyeM), darzanasAra (51gAthAyeM), bhAvasaMgraha (701gAthAyeM) tathA tattvasAra (74gAthAyeM), mAilla-dhavala kRta davvasahAvapayAsa (dravyasvabhAvaprakAza-bRhad nayacakra) (423gAthAyeM), padmasiMha muni

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212 zramaNavidyA-3 (I.1029) kRta NANasAro (63gAthAyeM), brahmacArI hemacandra kRta zrutaskandha (94gAthAyeM), indranandi kRta chedapiNDa (362 gAthAyeM), AcArya zivazarma (11vIM zatI ke AsapAsa) kRta 'kammapayaDi', zrutamuni (17vIM zatI) kRta bhAvatribhaMgI evaM AsravatribhaMgI Adi pramukha haiN| inake atirikta sArasamaya, lokavinizcaya tathA loka vibhAga jaise aneka granthoM kA upalabdha sAhitya meM nAmollekha mAtra to milatA hai, kintu vartamAna meM ye anupalabdha haiN| nATya sAhitya aura zaurasenI prAkRta yahA~ hama zaurasenI prAkRta ke AcAryoM ke yogadAna ke prasaMga meM una mahAn nATakakAroM ko kaise bhUla sakate haiM, jinhoMne apanI nATya kRtiyoM meM vibhinna prakAra kI prAkRtoM ke sAtha zaurasenI prAkRta ko mUla rUpa meM surakSita rakhane aura bacAne meM mahanIya yogadAna diyaa| Aja jo prAcIna saMskRta nATaka upalabdha haiM, vastutaH unheM prAkRta nATaka hI kahanA caahie| kyoMki unameM saMskRta kI apekSA vividha aura aneka pAtroM dvArA prAkRta bhASA kA prayoga sarvAdhika huA hai| ina nATakoM kI prakRti mUlata: prAkRta kI hI hai| nATya zAstra ke vidhAna ke anusAra nATakoM meM rAjA (nAyaka), brAhmaNa, senApati, maMtrI aura vidvAn pAtra saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga karate haiN| striyA~ aura zeSa anya pAtra arthAt uparyukta ke atirikta prAya: sabhI pAtra prAkRta bhASAoM kA prayoga karate haiN| vastuta: jo pAtra janatA ke bIca ke hote haiM, janatA kA hI pratinidhitva karate haiM, unake dvArA janabhASA yA lokabhASA ke rUpa meM prAkRta bhASA hI prayukta hotI haiN| isa taraha zAstrIya vidhAna ke anusAra bhI bhASA kI dRSTi se nATakoM meM prAkRta bhASA kA hI sarvAdhika prayoga mAnya hai| gaMgA aura yamunA ke madhyavargIya puruSa-pAtra zaurasenI kA vyavahAra karate haiN| kirAtoM, barbaroM AndhroM evaM draviDoM kI bhI zaurasenI bhASA batalAyI gayI hai| __ azvaghoSa aise prathama nATakakAra haiM, jinake nATakoM meM mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI evaM zaurasenI bhASA ke prAcIna rUpa pAye jAte haiN| bhAsa ke 13 nATaka prApta haiN| inameM avimAraka aura cArudatta - ina do nATakoM meM prAkRta bhASA kI itanA Adhikya hai ki inheM prAkRta nATaka kahanA hI upayukta hogaa| bhAsa ke sabhI

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zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke AcArya evaM unakA yogadAna 213 nATakoM meM zaurasenI bhASA kA acchA vyavahAra huA hai| kAlidAsa ke abhijJAna zAkuntalam nATaka meM zaurasenI, mahArASTrI aura mAgadhI kA vyavahAra pAyA jAtA hai| zUdraka ne bhI mRcchakaTikam nATaka meM isa bhASA kA prayoga yatra-tatra kiyA hai| inake atirikta rAjazekhara (10vIM zadI) kRta karpUramaMjarI, nayacandrasUri (14 vIM sadI) kRta rambhAmaMjarI, mahAkavi rudradAsa (17vIM sadI) kRta candralekhA saTTaka, kavi ghanazyAma (18vIM sadI) kRta ANaMdasuMdarI kahA, kavi vizvezvara (18vIM sadI) kRta zrRMgAra-maMjarI tathA terahavIM sadI ke jaina nATakakAra mahAkavi hastimalla kRta vikrAnta kauravam, subhadrA nATikA, aMjanA-pavanaMjaya nATaka tathA maithilIkalyANa nATaka-ina saMskRta nATakoM meM vibhinna prAkRtoM ke sAtha hI zaurasenI prAkRta kA vizeSa prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| isa taraha zaurasenI ke vikAsa meM nATya sAhitya kA yogadAna ullekhanIya hai| isa prakAra zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ke AcAryoM ne apanI anupama kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM anupama yogadAna kiyA hai| jisakA aneka daSTiyoM se yathocita mUlyAkaMna, adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna vartamAna sandarbho meM ati Avazyaka hai| AzA hai isa bahumUlya avadAna ke saMrakSaNa aura vikAsa hetu vidvAn apane uttaradAyitva kA nirvAha apanA kArya samajhakara kreNge|

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kAzI aura jaina zramaNa paramparA DaoN. surezacandra jaina darzana vibhAgAdhyakSa, zrI syAdvAdamahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI kAzI vizva kI prAcInatama dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika prasiddha nagarI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI do pramukha dhArAoM brAhmaNa paramparA aura zramaNaparamparA kI dRSTi se isa prAcIna nagarI kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jahA~ taka hindUdharma, jisakA mUlata: sambandha brAhmaNa yA vaidika paramparA se hai, kA aura kAzI kA prazna hai to ati prAcIna kAla meM isakA astittva kAzI meM nahIM thaa| isa sandarbha meM prasiddha itihAsajJa DaoN. motIcandra jI kA mata hai ".... itihAsa se hameM patA calatA hai ki hindUdharma se banArasa kA sambandha bahuta bAda kI ghaTanA hai, kyoMki manusmRti Adi granthoM meM to kAzI kI sAdhAraNa sI carcA hai| bauddha jAtakoM meM vArANasI kI dhArmika ghaTanAoM ke badale kAzI kI bahuta sI bAtoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vAstava meM usa prAcIna yuga meM kAzI kA sanAtana Aryadharma se to koI vizeSa sambandha nahIM thaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki kAzI vAsI dhArmika kaTTaratA ke pakSapAtI na the, dUsarI ora ve vicAra svatantratA ke pakSapAtI the tathA usa deza kI mUla dhArAoM kA jinameM ziva aura yakSa-nAga pUjA mukhya thI, kAzI meM adhika pracAra thA!" DaoN. motIcandra ne kAzI kA itihAsa nAmaka pustaka meM prAcIna kAzI kA sAmAjika, rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika sarvekSaNa kara jo tathya prastuta kie haiM. ve jaina-bauddha sAhitya ke AdhAra para bhI AdhArita haiN| jaina zramaNaparamparA, jisakA Adi srota prathama tIrthakara AdinAtha yA vaSabhadeva se sambaddha hai| eka ora RSabhadeva isa paramparA meM Adideva ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiM to dUsarI ora ziva ko kAzI kA adhiSThAtR-deva mAnA jAtA hai| ziva ko rAmAyaNa meM 1. DaoN, motI candra, kAzI kA itihAsa, pRSTha-1

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kAzI aura jainazramaNaparamparA 215 mahAdeva, mahezvara, zaMkara tathA tryambaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA haiM, tathA inheM sarvotkRSTa deva kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM ziva ko paramabrahma, asIma, acintya, vizvasraSTA, mahAbhUtoM kA ekamAtra udgama nitya aura avyakta Adi kahA gayA hai| azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita meM ziva kA 'vRSabhadhvaja' tathA 'bhava' ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| vimalasUri ke 'padmacarita' ke maMgalAcaraNa ke prasaMga meM eka 'jinendra rUdrANaka' kA ullekha AyA haiM, jisameM bhagavAna kA rudra ke rUpa meM stavana haiM 'jinendra rudra pAparUpI andhakAsura ke vinAzaka haiM, kAma lobha evaM moha rUpI tripura ke dAhaka haiM, unakA zarIra tapa rUpI bhasma se vibhUSita hai, saMyamarUpI vRSabha para vaha ArUr3ha haiM, saMsAra rUpI kari (hAthI) ko vidIrNa karane vAle haiM, nirmala ddhi candrarekhA se alaMkRta haiM, zuddha bhAva rUpI kapAla se sampanna haiM, vratarUpI sthira parvata kailAza para nivAsa karane vAle haiM, guNagaNa rUpI mAnavamuNDoM ke mAlAdhArI haiM, dasadharma rUpI khaTvAMga se yukta haiN| tapa: kIrtirupI gaurI se maNDita haiM, sAta bhayarUpI DamarU ko bajAne vAle haiM, (sarvathA bhayarahita) manogupti rUpI sarvaparikara se veSTita haiM, nirantara satyavANI rUpI vikaTa jaTA kalApa se maNDita haiM tathA haMkAra mAtra se bhaya kA vinAza karane vAle haiN| 1. rAmAyaNa-- bAlakANDa-45,22-26,66,11-12,6,1,16,27 2. mahAbhArata droNa-74,56,61,169,29 3. buddha carita-10,3,1,93 4. pApAndhaka nirmaza makaradhvaja lobha mohayuram / tapobharaM bhUSitAMgaM jinendra rudraM sadAvande / / 1 / / saMyama vRSabhArur3ha, tapaDagramaha tIkSNa zUladharam / saMsAra karinidAra, jinendra rudraM sadAvande / / 2 / / vigalabhati candrarekha viracita sIla zuddhabhAvakayAlam / vratAyala zaila nilayaM jinendra rudraM sadA vande / / 3 / / guNagaNa naraziramAlaM dazadhvajoDbhUta khaTvAGgabha / tapaH kIrti gauraracitaM jinendrarudraM sadA vande / / 4 / / saptabhayaDAma DamarukanadyaM anAvarata prakaTasaMdoham / manobaddha sarpaparikaraM jinendra rudraM sadA vande / / 5 / / anavarata satya vAcA vikaTa jaTA mukuTa kRta zobham / huMkAra bhayavinAzaM jinendrarudraM sadAvande / / 6 / / IzAnazayanaracitaM jinendra rudrASTakaMlalitaM me / __bhAvaM ca yaH paThati bhAvazuddhastasya bhavejjagati saMsiddhiH / / 7 / / (AdhAra- DaoN. rAjakumAra jaina, vRSabhadeva tathA ziva sambandhI prAcya mAnyatAyeM-anekAnta varSa 19 aMka 1-2) jinendra rudrASTaka se ATha zloka hone cAhie, parantu sAta zloka hI milate haiN|

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zramaNavidyA- 3 1 zivapurANa meM ziva kA AditIrthaGkara vRSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra lene kA ullekha haiN| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne bhI dhavalA TIkA meM arhantoM kA paurANika ziva ke rUpa meM ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki arahanta parameSThI ve haiM- jinhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra rUpI trizUla ko dhAraNa karake moharUpI aMdhakAsura ke kabandhavRnda kA haraNa kara liyA hai tathA jinhoneM sampUrNa AtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara liyA hai aura durnaya kA anta kara diyA hai| 2 216 ukta sandarbhoM se yaha tathya udbhAsita hotA hai ki vRSabhadeva aura ziva eka hI honA caahie| zaiva paramparA jahA~ ziva ko trizUladhArI mAnatI hai, vahIM jainaparamparA meM arhanta kI mUrtiyoM ko ratnatraya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra ke pratIkAtmaka trizUlAMkita trizUla se sampanna mAnA jAtA hai| sindhughATI se prApta mudrAoM para aise yogiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita hai jo digambara haiN| aisI mUrtiyA~ jinake sira para trizUla hai aura kAyotsarga (khaDgAsana ) mudrA meM dhyAnAvasthita haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ vRSabha cinha se yukta haiN| mUrtiyoM ke ye rUpa yogI vRSabhadeva se sambandhita haiN| 3 jainaparamparA tathA upaniSad meM bhI bhagavAna vRSabhadeva ko AdibrahmA kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna vRSabhadeva tathA ziva donoM kA jaTAjUTa yukta rUpa citraNa bhI unake aikya kA samarthaka hai| isa prakAra AditIrthaGkara vRSabhadeva aura ziva ke madhya aikya sthApita ho jAne se svataH hI yaha siddha hai ki kAzI meM zramaNa jainaparamparA ke bIja prArambha se hI vidyamAna the / 9. itthaM prabhAva RSabho'vatAra: zaMkarasya me / satAM gatidIni bandhurnavamaH kathitavastava || RSabhasya caritraM hi paramaM pAvanaM mahat / svargyaM yazasya mAyudhyaM zrotavyaM ca prayatnataH / / (zivapurANa4, 47-48) 2. dhavalATIkA - 1 pRSTha 45-46 3. brahmadevAnAM prathama saMbabhUva vizvasya kartA bhuvanasya goDhA / muNDakopaniSad - 1, 1 4. vArANasIe puDavI supaiTaThehi supAsa devo ya / jessa sukkavAra sidiNammi jAdo visAhAya / / tiloyapaNNatti 4 / 532

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kAzI aura jainazramaNaparamparA 217 jaina paramparA ke caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM sAtaveM tIrthaGkara supArzvanAtha, AThaveM tIrthaGkara candraprabha, gyArahaveM tIrthaGkara zreyAMsanAtha tathA teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna kalyANakoM kI pRSThabhUmi hone se kAzI prAcIna kAla se Aja taka jaina zramaNa paramparAnuyAyiyoM ke lie zraddhAspada rahI hai| itihAsajJoM ne tIrthaGkAra pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA pramANita kI hai aura svIkAra kiyA hai ki jainadharma kI sthiti bauddha dharma se pUrva kI hai| tIrthaGkara supArzvanAtha evaM candraprabha ke sandarbha meM paramparAgata ullekha milate haiN| aitihAsika pramANoM ke abhAva meM inheM apramANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki eka ora zramaNa jainaparamparA kA prArambha vRSabhadeva se hai to dUsarI ora vedoM meM bhI vAtarazanA, vrAtya Adi ke rUpa meM isa prAcIna paramparA kA ullekha sarvasvIkRta hai| purAtattvIya sAkSya bhI, vizeSarUpa se sindhughATI se prApta avazeSa isa paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM ke viSaya meM paryApta prakAza DAlate haiN| tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha paramparAgata ullekhoM ke anusAra tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kAzI ke tatkAlIna rAjA azvasena ke putra the| mAtA kA nAma vAmA devI thaa| azvasena ikSvAkuvaMzIya kSatriya the| jainasAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma azvasena yA assaseNa milatA hai, kintu yaha nAma na to hindU purANoM meM milatA hai aura na jAtakoM meM, guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma vizvasena diyA hai| jAtakoM ke vissaseNa aura hindUpurANoM ke vizvaksena ke sAtha isakI ekarupatA banatI hai| DaoN. bhaNDArakara ne purANoM ke vizvakasena aura jAtakoM ke vissaseNa ko eka mAnA hai| 1. candapaho candapure jAdo mahaseNa lAcche mai AhiM / pussassa kiNha eyArasiTha ayugaha Nakkhate / / ti. pa. 4.533 2. sIhapure seyaMso viNhu vyarideNa veNudevIsa / ekkAra si. phagguNa sida pakkhe samaNabhejAdo / / ti. pa. 4 / 536 3. hayaseNa vammilAhiM jAdo hi vANarasIe pAsajiNo / pUsassa bahula ekkArasisa rikkhe visAhAe / / ti. pa. 4 / 548 4. munayo vAtarazanA pizAGgA vasate malA:- Rgved-10|35|2| 5. vrAtya AsIdIyamAna eva ya prajApatiH samairayat-artharvaveda-1, prathamasUkta 6. paM. balabhadra jaina, bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha--pRSTha 124

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zramaNavidyA- 3 itihAsajJoM ne pArzvanAtha kA samaya I. pU. 877 nizcita kiyA haiM / I. pU. 877 meM kAzI kI tatkAlIna sAMskRtika sthiti kA Akalana pArzvanAtha ke jIvana evaM unase sambandhita ghaTanAoM se prApta kiyA jA sakatA haiM- pArzva janma se hI AtmonmukhI the| usa samaya yajJa-yAgAdi, paMcAgnitapa kA prAdhAnya thaa| pArzva jIvana kA yaha prasaMga ki unhoMne gaMgA kinAre tApasa ko agni meM lakar3I DAlane se rokA aura kahA ki jisa lakar3I ko jalAne jA rahe ho usameM nAga yugala haiN| ise jalAne se roko / tapasvI ke durAgraha ko dekha punaH kahA ki tapa ke mUla meM dharma aura dharma ke mUla meM dayA hai vaha Aga meM nAgayugala ke jalane se kaise sambhava ho sakatI haiM? isa para tapasvI krodhAveza meM bolA 'tuma kyA dharma ko jAnoge ? tumhArA kArya to manovinoda karanA hai| yadi tuma jAnate ho to batAo ki isa lakkar3a meM nAga yugala kahA~ hai ?' yaha sunakara kumAra pArzva ne apane sAthiyoM se lakkar3a ko sAvadhAnI pUrvaka dikhAyA to usameM se nAga - yugala bAhara nikalA / 218 ukta ghaTanA kI satyatA para prazna ho sakatA hai, parantu itanA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya aise tapa kA bAhulya thA / pArzva aura mahAvIra ke kAla meM mAtra 250 varSa kA antarAla hai aura mahAvIra ne yajJa-yAgAdi janya hiMsA kA prabala virodha kiyA thaa| yaha anumAna sahaja hai ki pArzva ke samaya jisa yajJa-yAgAdi ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI thI vaha mahAvIra ke samaya taka caramotkarSa para pahu~ca gaI hogii| itanA hI nahIM, ihalaukika aura pAralaukika manokAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie yajJa-yAgadi ko jIvana kA pramukha aMga mAnA jAnA svIkRta ho cukA thA / azvamedha yajJa bhI kAzI meM sampanna huA thA, jisakI smRti zeSa 'daza- azvamedha ghATa' Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| yajJa yAgAdi aura paMcAgni tapa ke viruddha pArzvanAtha ne zramaNaparamparA ke anusAra ahiMsA Adi ke mAdhyama se jana sAmAnya ko sanmArga para lagAne kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| tIrthaGkara pArzva ke samaya ko saMkramaNa kAla kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki vaha samaya brAhmaNa yuga ke anta aura aupaniSad yA vedAnta yuga kA Arambha kA samaya thA / jahA~ usa samaya zatapatha brAhmaNa jaise brAhmaNa grantha kA praNayana huA vahA~ vRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke dvArA upaniSadoM kI racanA kA sUtrapAta huA thaa| aise samaya meM pArzva ne cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana kiyaa| vaha 1. paM. kailAza candra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa: pUrvapIThikA pRSTha 108

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kAzI aura jainazramaNaparamparA cAturyAma dharma (1) sarvaprakAra ke hiMsA kA tyAga (2) sarvaprakAra ke asatya kA tyAga (3) sarvaprakAra ke adattAdAna kA tyAga (4) sarvaprakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga rUpa thaa| ina cAra yAmoM kA udgama vedoM yA upaniSadoM se nahIM huA, kintu vedoM ke pUrva se hI isa deza meM rahane vAle tapasvI, RSi-muniyoM ke tapo-dharma se unakA udgama huA hai| 1 pArzvanAtha aura nAgajAti pArzva dvArA nAga-yugala kI rakSA kI ghaTanA ko purAtatvajJa aura itihAsajJa paurANika rUpaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki pArzva ke vaMza kA nAgajAti ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa sambandha thaa| cUMki pArzvanAtha ne nAgoM ko vipatti se bacAyA, ataH nAgoM ne unake upasarga kA nivAraNa kiyaa| 219 mahAbhArata ke Adiparva meM jo nAgayajJa kI kathA hai usase yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki vaidika Arya nAgoM ke zatru the| nAgajAti asuroM kI hI eka zAkhA thI aura asurajAti kI rIr3ha kI haDDI ke tulya thI / usake patana ke sAtha hI asuroM kA bhI patana ho gyaa| jaba nAga loga gaMgAghATI meM basate the to eka nAga rAjA ke sAtha kAzI kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha huA thaa| ataH kAzI ke rAjagharAne ke sAtha nAgoM kA kauTumbika sambandha thaa| 2 nAgajAti evaM nAgapUjA kA itihAsa abhI taka spaSTa nahIM hai| vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki nAgajAti aura unake vIroM ke zaurya kI smRti surakSita karane ke lie nAga- pUjA kA pracalana huaa| paM. balabhadra jaina ne bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha nAmaka pustaka meM nAga jAti evaM nAga pUjA ko jaina zramaNa paramparA ke sAtaveM tIrthaGkara supArzvanAtha ke sAtha sambandha jor3ate hue yaha saMketa diyA haiM ki supArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke Upara nAgaphaNa kA pracalana sambhavataH isIlie huA ki nAgajAti kI pahacAna ho ske| sarpaphaNAvalI yukta pratimAyeM mathurA Adi meM prApta huI haiM | nAgapUjA kA pracalana pArzvanAtha kI dharaNendra padmAvatI dvArA rakSA ke bAda meM huA hai / isI prakAra yakSa pUjA kA sambandha bhI dharaNendra padmAvatI se hai| dvitIya zatAbdI meM kAzI meM jaina zramaNaparamparA kI dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA kA paramparAgata ullekha milatA hai- - AcArya samantabhadra jo jaina dArzanika 9. vahI, pRSTha 107 2. vahI, pRSTha 104 3. vahI pRSTha 104

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220 zramaNavidyA-3 jagata ke siramaura ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| inheM muni avasthA meM bhasmaka vyAdhi roga ho gayA thaa| isa roga ke zamanArtha apane gurU kI AjJA se yatra-tatra bhramaNa karate hue yogI banakara vArANasI aae| usa samaya zivakoTi kA zAsanakAla thA aura rAjA zivakoTi ne eka zivamandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usa mandira meM pracura mAtrA meM naivedya car3hAyA jAtA thaa| svAmI samantabhadra ne usa maMdira ke pujArI se kahA ki Apa logoM meM kisI meM aisI sAmarthya nahIM hai jo usa naivedya ko zivajI ko khilA ske| pujAriyoM ne vismaya se kahA-kyA Apa aisA kara sakate haiM? unhoMne kahA hA~, yadi tuma cAho to maiM aisA kara sakatA huuN| pujArI ne tatkAla rAjA zivakoTi ko sabhI vRttAnta khaa| rAjA zivakoTi tatkAla usa vicitra yogI ko dekhane zivAlaya AyA aura samantabhadra se pUchA ki kyA vAstava meM isa naivedya ko zivajI ko khilA sakate haiN| samantabhadra kA sakArAtmaka uttara pAkara rAjA ne saharSa AjJA de dii| samantabhadra ne kapATa banda kara bhojana kiyA aura bAhara A ge| sabhI vismaya evaM harSa se usa vicitra yogI ko dekhane lge| kramaza: naivedya kI mAtrA bar3hatI gaI aura kucha dinoM meM samantabhadra kA roga zamana ho gayA tathA naivedya bacane lgaa| isa para pujAriyoM ko zaMkA huI aura khojabIna kii| jaba unhe jJAta huA ki ziva ke sthAna para yaha yogI bhoga lagA rahA hai to unhoneM rAjA se zikAyata kii| rAjA AyA aura samantabhadra se kahA ki hameM saba jJAta ho gayA hai| tumhArA dharma kyA hai? tuma sabake sAmane ziva jI ko namaskAra kro| uttara meM samantabhadra ne khaa-raajn| isa mUrti meM merA namaskAra sahana karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai| yadi Apa Agraha kareMge to mere namaskAra karane para yaha mUrti phaTa jaaygii| rAjA ne nirNaya diyA ki yaha yogI sabake sAmane kala ziva jI ko namaskAra kreNge| rAtri meM samantabhadra tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti karane lage tabhI zAsana devI prakaTa huI aura kahA ki Apa cintA na kreN| prAta: kAla rAjA aura prajA ke samakSa samantabhadra ko AjJA dii| samantabhadra ne tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti prArambha kI aura jisa samaya 8veM tIrthaGkara candraprabha kI stuti prArambha huI usI samaya zivamUrti phaTa gaI aura usameM se tIrthaGkara candraprabha kI divya pratimA prakaTa huI aura samantabhadra ne namaskAra kiyaa|

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kAzI aura jaina zramaNaparamparA ukta ghaTanA brahmanemidatta ke ArAdhanA koza meM hai| ghaTanA se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki dvitIya zatAbdI meM kAzI meM zivAlayoM kA bAhulya thA aura naenae zivAlayoM kA nirmANa ho rahA thaa| zaiva mata kA pracAra-prasAra thA phira bhI anya dharmoM ke sAtha sahiSNutA kA bhAva bhI vidyamAna thA / yadi aisA na hotA to dharmAndhatA ke kAraNa samantabhadra ko rAjA kar3I sajA de sakatA thaa| dUsarI bAta yaha siddha hotI hai / ki vaha yuga zAstrArtha yuga thA / sambhava hai ukta ghaTanA kA sambandha zAstrArtha jaya-parAjaya se jur3A ho aura paramparAnusAra use camatkArika svarUpa de diyA gayA ho, jo anantarakAla meM zraddhA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI jAne lagI ho kyoMki AcArya samandabhadra ke viSaya meM nimna zloka milatA hai| jo unakI vAgvidagdhatA para prakAza DAlatA haiM / "kAcyA nagnanATako'haM malamalinatanulambiTo pANDupiNDaH puNDreNDe zAkyabhikSudarzapuranagare miSTabhojI parivAd / / vArANasyAmavabhUvaM zazakaradhavalaH pANDurAGgastapasvI / rAjan yasyAsti zaktiH savadatu purato jaina nirgranthavAdI / / arthAt maiM kAJcI meM nagnadigambara yati ke rUpa meM rahA, zarIra meM roga hone para puNDranagarI meM bauddhabhikSu banakara nivAsa kiyA, dazapura nagara meM miSThAnnabhogI parivrAjaka banakara rahA / anantara vArANasI meM Akara zaiva tapasvI bnaa| he rAjan! maiM jaina nirgranthavAdI - syAdvAdI hU~ / yahA~ jisakI zakti vAda karane kI ho vaha mere sammukha Akara vAda kare / purAtatva evaM jaina zramaNaparamparA bhArata kalA bhavana, kA. hi. vi. vi. meM purAtatva sambandhI bahumUlya sAmagrI surakSita haiM, jo rAjaghATa evaM anya sthAnoM se khudAI se prApta huI haiN| unameM pASANa aura dhAtu kI aneka jaina pratimAyeM haiM, jinheM purAtatvavid kuSANa kAla se madhyakAla taka kI mAnate haiN| 221 ukta purAtAttvika sAmagriyoM meM kuSANakAlIna sapta phaNAvali yukta tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA zIrSabhAga hai, jo utkhanana meM prApta huA thA / rAjaghATa ke utkhanana se prApta sapta phaNAvali eka tIrthaGkara pratimA haiM, usa phaNAvali ke do phaNa khaNDita ho gae haiN| sira ke agala-bagala do gaja bane hue haiN| unake Upara devendra hAthoM meM kalaza dhAraNa kie hue hai| phaNAvalI ke Upara bherI tAr3ana karatA

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zramaNavidyA- 3 huA eka vyakti kA aMkana hai / yaha mUrtti 11vIM zatAbdI kI anumAnita kI gaI hai| paMcaphaNAvali se yaha supArzvanAtha kI mUrti pratIta hotI hai| 222 eka khaDgAsana pratimA, jisake donoM ora yakSa-yakSI khar3e haiN| vatsa para zrIvatsa aMkita haiN| isa pratimA para koI cinha nahIM hai tathA aMlakaraNa bhI nahIM hai / ina kAraNoM se ise prathama zatAbdI meM nirmita mAnA jAtA hai / eka zilAphalaka para caubIsI aMkita hai| madhya meM padmAsana RSabhadeva kA aMkana hai| kezoM kI laTeM kandhoM para laharA rahI haiN| pAdapITha para vRSabha cinha aMkita hai| donoM pArzvo meM zAsana deva cakrezvarI aura gomukha kA aMkana hai| donoM dvibhujI aura alaMkaraNa dhAraNa kie hue haiN| cakrezvarI ke eka hAtha meM cakra tathA dUsare meM bijaurA haiM / mUrti ke mastaka para trichatra aura donoM ora savAhana gaja haiN| trichatra ke Upara do paktiyoM meM padmAsana ora kAyotsarga mudrA meM 23 tIrthaGkara mUrtiyA~ haiN| pIThikA ke nIce kI ora upAsakoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| usakA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA gayA hai| 1 ukta purAtattva kI sAmagriyoM ke atirikta bhelUpura sthita digambara jaina mandira kA punarnirmANa jIrNoddhAra karAte samaya aneka mUrtiyA~ bhUgarbha se prApta huI haiN| ajJAnatAvaza aneka mUrtiyA~ khaNDita ho gaI aura aneka mUrtiyA~ bhUgarbha meM hI raha gaI / isa prakAra purAtattva kI pracura upalabdhatA isa ora saMketa karatI hai ki kAzI kI jaina zramaNaparamparA kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai| Aja kI mur3akaTTA bAbA' ke nAma se vikhyAta jo mUrti avazeSa haiM, vaha eka kAyotsarga mudrA meM khaNDita digambara jaina mUrti hai| yaha mUrti durgAkuNDa bhelUpuramArga para mukhya sar3aka para sthita haiN| bAMsa phATaka, jise AcArya samantabhadra kI usa camatkArika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM jainAnuyAyioM dvArA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| sAranAtha bhagavAn buddha kI prathama upadeza - sthalI ke rUpa meM prasiddha yaha sthala jaina paramparA ke 11 veM tIrthaGkara zreyAMsanAtha ke janmasthalI ke rUpa meM sambaddha hai| isakA pUrvanAma siMhapurI thA / jainamaMdira ke nikaTa eka stUpa hai, jisakI U~cAI 103 phuTa aura madhya meM vyAsa 83phuTa hai| isakA nirmANa samrATa azoka dvArA karAyA gayA 20. paM. balabhadra jaina, bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha pRSTha 126.

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kAzI aura jainazramaNaparamparA 223 mAnA jAtA hai, parantu jaina paramparA mAnatI hai ki isakA nirmANa zreyAMsanAtha kI janmanagarI hone ke kAraNa samrATa samprati ne karAyA hogaa| stUpa ke ThIka sAmane siMha hai jisake donoM stambhoM para siMha catuSka banA hai| siMhoM ke nIce dharmacakra hai, jisake dAyIM ora vRSabha aura ghor3e kI mUrtiyoM kA akaMna hai| bhArata sarakAra ne isa stambha kI siMhastambha ko rAjacinha ke rupa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura dharmacakra ko rASTa-dhvaja para aMkita kiyA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra pratyeka tIrthaGkara kA eka vizeSa cihna honA svIkAra kiyA jAtA haiM, jise pratyeka tIrthaGkara pratimA para aMkita kiyA jAtA haiN| citrAMkita pratimA se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha amuka tIrthaGkara kI pratimA hai| ve cihna mAMgalika kAryoM aura mAMgalika vAstuvidhAnoM ke maMgala cinha ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha tIrthaGkara supArzvanAtha kA svastika cinha hai, jise prAya: sampUrNa bhArata meM jaina hI nahIM ,varan jainetara sampradAyoM dvArA samasta mAMgalika avasaroM para prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| siMha mahAvIra kA cinha hai| prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva kA vRSabha aura azva tRtIya tIrthaGkara sambhavanAtha kA cinha hai| isI prakAra dharmacakra tIrthaGkaroM aura unake samavasaraNa kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| tIrthaGkara kevalajJAna ke pazcAt jo prathama dezanA hotI hai use dharmacakra pravartana kI saMjJA dI gaI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAya: sabhI pratimAoM ke siMhAsanoM aura vediyoM meM dharmacakra banA rahatA haiN| jaina zAstroM meM stUpa ke sandarbha meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| jaina vAGmaya meM stUpoM ke 10 bheda batAye gae haiN| sAranAtha sthita jo stUpa hai vaha priyadarzI samrATa samprati kA ho sakatA hai kyoMki prathamata: yaha sthAna zreyAMsanAtha tIrthaGkara kI kalyANaka bhUmi hai| dvitIyata: 'devAnAM priyaH' yaha jaina paramparA kA zabda hai| jaina sUtrasAhitya meM kaI sthAnoM para isakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA prayoga 'bhavya zrAvaka' Adi ke artha meM huA hai| atharvaveda meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga sabhya logoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai| purAtattvajJa sambhavata: inhIM kAraNoM se isa sandeha ko isa prakAra vyakta karate haiM--"sambhavata: yaha stUpa samrATa azoka dvArA nirmita huaa|" candrapurI (candrAvatI) kAzI se 20ki.mI. dUra yaha sthAna 8veM tIrthaGkara candraprabha ke janmasthAna se sambandhita haiN| isa sandarbha meM paramparAgata srota hI upalabdha hote haiN|

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zramaNavidyA- 3 ukta AdhAra para jaina zramaNa paramparA ke utsa aura usake vyApaka prabhAva kSetra kA jJAna hotA hai| kAzI ke sandarbha meM yaha vizeSa hai ki anya paramparAoM ke sAtha-sAtha zramaNa jaina paramparA ke smRti - avazeSa, purAtattva, jainaparamparA kI prAcInatA evaM usakI vyApakatA ke digdarzana karAte haiM / Aja bhArata meM kahIM bhI utkhanana hotA hai to unameM se prApta hone vAlI sAmagriyoM meM se isa paramparA ke tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, prAcIna bhArata ke tad tad sthAnoM para Aja bhI jaina avazeSa pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| abhiprAya yaha ki vRSabhanAtha (RSabhanAtha) evaM ziva kA aikya, tathA 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI akSuNNa paramparA aura sAhityika, dArzanika pariprekSya meM kAzI ke sAtha jaina paramparA kA AdikAla se astitva rahA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA avadAna sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI rahA hai / isa dRSTi se kAzI gauravAnvita thI aura vartamAna meM bhI hai| 224

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cUlladhammapAlAcariyaviracito saccasaGkSepo sampAdako TippaNIkAro ca Acariyo lakSmInArAyaNativArI pubbapadhAno pAli-theravAdavibhAgassa pubvasaGkAyapamukho ca 'zramaNavidyA - saMkAya 'ssa 'sampUrNAnanda-saMskRta-vizvavidyAlaye' bArANasiyaM

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bhUmikA anantatrANaM karuNAlayaM layaM malassa buddhaM susamAhitaM hitaM / namAmi dhammaM bhavasaMvaraM varaM guNAkaraM ceva niraGgaNaM gaNaM / / kassapaM ca mahAtheraM jagadIsaM ti vissutaM / namAmi santavRttiM taM garuM gAravabhAjanaM / / prastuta grantha saccasaGkSepa abhidharma ke siddhAntoM ko saMkSipta rUpa meM prakaTa karanevAlA eka laghu grantha hai| aTThakathAoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI abhidharma ke siddhAnta adhyetAoM ke lie kAlAntara meM itane durUha ho gaye ki unheM hRdayaGgama karane meM kaThinAI hone lagI / ataH ise dUra karane ke lie avatAra, saGkSepa aura saMgraha ke rUpa meM svatantra granthoM kI AcAryoM dvArA racanA huI aura isI krama meM abhidhammAvatAra, saccasaGkSepa tathA abhidhammatthasaGgaha Adi grantha likhe gye| isase abhidharma-rUpI mahAkAntAra meM praveza athavA abhidharma-rUpI mahodadhi ko pAra karane meM sugamatA dRSTigocara huI tathA abhidharmapiTaka ke mUla granthoM ke sthAna para bAda meM AcAryoM dvArA race gaye aise hI granthoM kA paThanapAThana pracalita huA / abhidharmapiTaka kA buddhavacanatva sthaviravAdI abhidhammapiTaka buddhazAsana kI AdhArazilA buddhavacana athavA pariyatti hai| ataH saddharma kI cirasthiti isI para AdhArita hai| yaha bhI vizeSa rUpa se dhyAtavya hai ki bhagavAn buddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke tatkAla bAda hI buddhavacanoM ke saMgraha kA saMkalpa mahAsthavira mahAkAzyapa dvArA liyA gyaa| jaba zAstA ke parinirvANa se duHkhI hokara avIta - rAga bhikSu atyanta zokamagna hokara vilApa Adi kara rahe the to subhadra nAmaka eka vRddha pravrajita ne yaha kahA - ' - " AyuSmAnoM, mata zoka

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( 2 ) karo, mata vilApa kro| hama logoM ko usa mahAzramaNa se mukti milii| hama usake dvArA yaha kahakara sadA pIr3ita kiye jAte the ki yaha tumheM vihita hai, yaha tumheM vihita nahIM hai| aba hama jo cAheMge kareMge, jo nahIM cAheMge, vaha nahIM kareMge" subhadra ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara mahAkAzyapa cintita hue / unhoMne kahA ki adharma aura avinaya prakaTa ho rahA hai aura dharma tathA vinaya kI rakSA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki inakA saGgAyana kara liyA jaay| isase bauddha-zAsana kI cirasthiti hogI / jJapti ke dvArA isa kArya hetu rAjagRha ko cunA gayA aura vahIM para varSAvAsa karate hue dharma tathA vinaya ke saGgAyana kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| isake lie eka kama pA~ca sau arhat pada prApta bhikSuoM kA cayana huA / yadyapi Ananda sthavira zaikSya the, kintu sarvadA hI buddha kA anugamana karane ke kAraNa unake upadezoM se ve suparicita the, ataH isa kArya ke lie inheM bhI cuna liyA gyaa| yaha bhI jJapti dvArA nizcita huA ki ina pA~ca sau bhikSuoM ke atirikta rAjagRha meM koI anya bhikSu varSAvAsa nahIM karegA, jisase saGgAyana kA kArya nirvighna rUpa meM sampanna kiyA jA sake / yaha prathama saGgIti mahAkAzyapa kI adhyakSatA meM prArambha huI | buddhazAsana kI Ayu vinaya hai, ataH sarvaprathama vinaya - sambandhI upadezoM ke bAre meM upAli se pUchA gayA aura upAli ne vistAra se unheM sUcita kiyA; tathA dharma (dhamma) arthAt suttoM ke sandarbha meM Ananda se pRcchA kI gayI aura unhoMne bhI vistAra se suttoM ko prastuta kiyaa| upasthita sampUrNa bhikSu samUha ne ina donoM se sunakara vinaya tathA sutta kA saGgAyana kiyA aura vinayapiTaka tathA suttapiTaka sthiti meM aaye| suttapiTaka kA nikAyoM ke rUpa meM bhI isI samaya saGgAyana huaa| paramparA ke anusAra isameM abhidhammapiTaka ke sAta granthoM kA bhI saGgAyana huA; kintu aTThakathAoM meM yaha vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai ki abhidhamma - sambandhI pRcchA kisase kI gayI / sAdhAraNa rUpa se abhidharma ko bhI dhamma ke antargata mAnakara khuddakanikAya meM hI paramparayA abhidharmapiTaka kA bhI samAveza kara liyA jAtA hai aura nikAya ke rUpa meM buddhavacanoM ke svarUpa meM vinayapiTaka ko bhI sthaviravAdI paramparA khuddhakanikAya meM saMgRhIta mAnatI haiM / kintu paramparA meM yaha 1. dI0ni02, pR0125, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1958 cullavagga, pR0 406, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1956 / 2. sumaGgalavisAlinI, 1, pR0 5-6, romana saMskaraNa, 1886 / 3. vahIM, pR0 15 / 4. vahIM, pR0 23; samantapAsAdikA 1, pR0 16, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1964 /

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spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai ki vinayapiTaka ko upAli ne savistAra prastuta kiyA thA, kintu abhidhamma ko kisane vahA~ rakhA, yaha vivaraNa nahIM milatA; kevala dhamma ke upasthApana ke prazna ke prasaGga meM aguttaranikAya ke pazcAt abhidhamma ke saGgAyana kI bAta vahA~ kahI gayI hai aura ise sUkSmajJAnagocara tanti ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha kisake dvArA vahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA, isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| yadi khuddakanikAya ke antargata dhamma ke rUpa meM abhidhamma kA saMgraha prathama saGgIti meM mAna bhI liyA jAya to vinayapiTaka ko upAli dvArA prastuta hone para bhI khuddakanikAya ke antargata ise rakhane kA kyA aucitya hogaa| paramparA meM to isakA yaha uttara de diyA jAtA hai ki cAroM anya nikAyoM meM jo buddhavacana saMgRhIta haiM unake atirikta avaziSTa buddhavacana khuddanikAya meM saMgrahIta haiM tathA vahA~ para jo vinayapiTaka ko nikAya ke rUpa meM rakhA jAtA hai, use upAli ne prastuta kiyA thA aura zeSa khuddakanikAya aura anya cAroM nikAyoM ko Ananda ne| samantapAsAdikA meM yaha ullikhita hai"tattha khuddakanikAyo nAma cattAro nikAye ThapetvA avasesaM buddhvcnN| tattha vinayo AyasmatA upAlittherena vissajjito, sesakhuddakanikAyo cattAro ca nikAyA Anandattherena' / isase prathama saGgIti meM abhidhamma ko prastuta karanevAle Ananda hI ho jAte hai; kintu dhammasaGgaNi kI aTThakathA aTThasAlinI meM abhidhamma kI dezanA kI paramparA kA dUsare prakAra se ullekha AcArya buddhaghoSa dvArA kiyA gayA hai, aura yaha ullekha prathama saGgIti meM unhIM ke dvArA dIghanikAya kI aTThakathA sumaGgalavilAsinI aura vinayaTThakathA samantapAsAdikA meM pradatta vivaraNoM se bhinna hone ke kAraNa prathama saGgIti meM hI abhidhamma ke saGgAyana ke prati sandeha utpanna karatA hai| dvitIya saGgIti bhagavAn buddha ke parinirvANa ke 100 varSa ke bAda vaizAlI meM huii| yadyapi isakA Ayojana saMgha meM vajjiputtaka bhikSuoM dvArA dasa vastuoM ke vinaya-viruddha AcaraNa ko samApta karane ke lie huA, tathApi samantapAsAdikA meM prApta isake vivaraNAnusAra dasa vastuoM ke nirAkaraNa ke pazcAt isameM bhI prathama saGgIti ke samAna sampUrNa dhamma tathA vinaya kA saGgAyana bhikSuoM dvArA kiyA gayA / vaizAlI ke vajjiputtaka bhikSuoM ne isa dvitIya saGgIti meM hue nirNayoM ko amAnya karate hue dasa sahasra bhikSuoM kI mahAsaGgIti athavA 1. vhiiN| 2. aTTha0, pR0 14-15 / 3. cullavagga, pR0 416 / 4. samantapAsAdikA 1, pR0 30 /

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mahAsaMgha kA Ayojana kauzAmbI meM kiyA tathA dIpavaMsa grantha meM prApta vivaraNAnusAra isa mahAsaGgIti ke bhikSuoM ne buddha-zAsana ko viparIta karate hue mUlasaMgha meM bheda utpanna kara eka naye saMgha kI hI sthApanA kara DAlI evaM mUlasaMgha ko bhindita kara sUtroM kA eka navIna saMgraha prastuta kara diyaa| usa samaya sthita vinaya aura pA~ca nikAyoM ke sUtroM ke krama ko unhoMne badala diyA tathA unameM apane dvArA racita sandarbho ko jor3a diyaa| isa prakAra usa samaya sthaviravAdI aura mahAsAMghika--ye do nikAya sthiti meM Aye tathA Age calakara bauddha-saMgha 18 nikAyoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| kathAvatthu kI aTThakathA meM ina 18 nikAyoM ke atirikta 9 aura nikAyoM ke nAma bhI upalabdha hote hai / vasumitra, bhavya evaM vinItadeva Adi ke dvArA prastuta eka anya paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMghabheda vinaya-viruddha dasa vastuoM ke AdhAra para na hokara mahAdeva dvArA prastuta pA~ca vastuoM ke kAraNa huA thaa| - tRtIya saGgIti samrATa azoka ke saMrakSatva meM pATaliputra meM huii| usa samaya azoka dvArA bauddha dharma ko Azraya pradAna karane ke kAraNa anya tairthika bhI saMgha meM lAbha hetu praviSTa ho gaye the aura ve nAnA prakAra ke apane matavAdoM aura bhinna prakAra ke AcaraNoM se saMgha ko dUSita kara rahe the| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki sAta varSoM taka pATaliputra ke azokArAma meM uposatha bhI nahIM ho paayaa| moggaliputta tissa sthavira se parAmarza kara saMgha meM chipakara praviSTa sATha sahasra tairthikoM ko azoka ne saMgha se niSkAsita kara diyA aura tRtIya saMgIti kA pATaliputra meM hI Ayojana kiyA gayA / aTThasAlinI nAmaka aTThakathA meM kathAvatthu nAmaka abhidhammapiTaka ke grantha ke buddhavacana hone ke bAre meM yaha pUrvapakSa diyA gayA hai ki buddha ke parinirvANa ke 218 varSa pazcAt jaba isakI racanA moggaliputta tissa dvArA huI thI to ise kyoM buddhavacana mAnA jAtA hai / 1. dIpavaMsa pR0 36, romana saMskaraNa, 1879 : "mahAsaGgItikA bhikkhU vilomaM akaMsu saasnN| bhinditvA mUlasaGgha ajaM akaMsu sarcha / / ajJathA saGgahitaM suttaM aJathA akariMsu te| atthaM dhammaM ca bhindiMsu ye nikAyesu pnycsu'| 2. kathA0 a0, pR0 2-5, romana saMskaraNa, 1889 / 3. pANDe, govindacandra, bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa, pR0 177-180, 1976 / 4. samantapAsAdikA 1, pR0 46-53 / 5. aTTha0, pR0 4 /

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(5) isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki aTThasAlinI ke racayitA buddhaghoSa ke samaya taka abhidhammapiTaka ko buddhavacana mAnane ke viSaya meM logoM ko sandeha thA aura Aja jisa rUpa meM kathAvatthu upalabdha hai, vaha to buddhabhASita na hokara AcAryabhASita hI hai| isakA uttara buddhaghoSa ne ukta grantha meM yaha diyA haiM ki abhidharma kI dezanA karate hue buddha ne kevala isakI mAtRkAoM kI dezanA kI thI aura kahA thA ki mere parinirvANa ke 218 varSa bAda moggaliputta tissa paravAda kA khaNDana karate hue aura sthaviravAda kA maNDana prastuta karate hue ina mAtRkAoM kA vyAkhyAna kreNge| isa prakAra unakA yaha vyAkhyAna apanA na hokara zAstA dvArA pradarzita nayAnusAra hI hai| ata: zAstA dvArA sthApita mAtRkAoM ke AdhAra para hone ke kAraNa AcArya moggaliputta tissa dvArA bhASita hone para bhI kathAvatthu prakaraNa buddhabhASita hI hai| vaijJAnika rIti se vicAra karane para yaha tathya pradarzita hotA hai ki tRtIya saMgIti ke adhyakSa moggaliputta tissa ne isa saGgIti ke avasara para sthaviravAda se bhinna zeSa 17 bauddhanikAyoM ke matoM kA khaNDana karate hue kathAvatthu kI racanA kI thI aura yaha prakaraNa vahA~ para buddhavacana ke rUpa meM saGgAyita kara diyA gyaa| isase yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki sthaviravAda kA abhidhammapiTaka Aja jisa rUpa meM hameM prApta,hai, usake svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa eka prakAra se tRtIya saGgIti ke avasara para hI huA thA aura buddha ke parinirvANa ke tatkAla bAda prathama saGgIti aura usake 100 varSa pazcAt dvitIya saGgIti meM usakA saGgAyana honA mAtra arthavAda hai| abhidharmapiTaka ke buddhavacanatva ko siddha karane meM AcArya buddhaghoSa ne dhammasaGgaNi-prakaraNa kI aTThakathA aTThasAlinI meM jamIna aura AsamAna ko eka kara diyA hai| lagatA hai ki usa samaya ise buddhavacana mAnane meM vivAda chir3A huA thaa| sUtra aura vinaya ko buddhavacana mAnane meM itane vivAda kA avakAza nahIM thA, kyoMki prArambha se hI yaha vivaraNa prApta hotA hai ki isake prastutakartA Ananda tathA upAli the| ata: abhidharma ke udbhava ke sambandha meM yaha udbhAvanA buddhaghoSa ke dvArA kI gayI ki bhagavAn buddha ne buddhatva-prApti ke bAda apane saptama varSAvAsa meM trAyastriMza devaloka meM jAkara lagAtAra tIna mAsa taka vahA~ virAjamAna apanI mAtA ko vistArapUrvaka abhidharma kA upadeza diyaa| pRthvIloka meM unhoMne eka nirmita buddha kI vyavasthA kara dI thI, jisake dvArA sarvaprathama anavatapta hrada ke pAsa sAriputta ko 1. vahIM, pR0 4-5 / 2. vhiiN|

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abhidharma kA upadeza kiyA gayA aura unake ziSyAnuziSya-krama meM yaha paramparA Age bar3hatI rahI tathA sAriputta, bhaddaji, sobhita, piyajAlI, piyadassI, kosiyaputta, siggava, sandeha, moggaliputta, sudatta, dhammiya, dAsaka, soNaka aura revata Adi ke rUpa meM bhAratavarSa meM vidyamAna rhii| isI AcArya paramparA ne buddha ke isake upadeza ke samaya se lekara tRtIya saGgIti taka abhidharma ko saMgha taka pahuMcAyA aura isake bAda mahinda, iTTiya Adi ke dvArA yaha siMhala dvIpa le jAyI gayI tathA ina AcAryoM ke ziSyAnuziSyoM ne ise Age bhI pallavita rakhA / ___ isa para prazna yaha hotA hai ki prathama saGgIti ke avasara para isa AcAryaparamparA meM se kisI ko sammilita karake abhidharma-sambandhI pRcchA unase kyoM nahIM kI gayI aura unake dvArA usakA uttara prApta hone ke anantara hI isakA saGgAyana kyoM nahIM huA evaM jisa prakAra vinaya aura dhamma (sutta) ke sandarbha meM upAli tathA Ananda kA ullekha karate hue unheM vyavasthita kiyA gayA, aisA abhidharma ke sambandha meM kyoM nahIM kiyA gyaa| __ abhidharmapiTaka ko buddhavacana na mAnanevAloM kA yaha bhI tarka hai ki isake granthoM meM sUtrapiTaka tathA vinayapiTaka kI bhA~ti nidAna nahIM hai, ata: vaha buddhavacana nahIM hai| isakA uttara sthaviravAdI-paramparA ne yaha diyA hai ki nidAna kA honA buddhavacana mAnane ke lie samyak hetu nahIM hai| dhammapada, suttanipAta tathA jAtaka Adi meM bhI to nidAna nahIM hai, phira bhI inheM buddhavacana mAnA hI jAtA hai| maNDalArAmavAsI tissa sthavira ne mahAbodhi ko hI isa piTaka kA nidAna kahA hai| gAmavAsI sumanadeva thera ke anusAra isakA nidAna hai- "ekaM samayaM bhagavA devesu viharati tAvatiMsesu pAricchattakamUle paannddukmblsilaayN| tatra kho bhagavA devAnaM tAvatiMsAnaM abhidhammakathaM kathesi...." Adi / buddhaghoSAnusAra isameM do nidAna haiM--adhigama-nidAna-dIpaGkara buddha se lekara mahAbodhiparyaGka taka; dezanA-nidAna-dharmacakrapravartana se lekr| ina donoM nidAnoM ke samyaka jJAna hetu AcArya buddhaghoSa ne "yaha abhidharma kisase prabhAvita hai, kahA~ paripakva huA hai Adi kucha mahattvapUrNa praznoM ko uThAkara unakA samAdhAna bhI prastuta kiyA hai- udAharaNArtha:-yaha bodhi ke prati abhinIhAra karanevAlI zraddhA se prabhAvita hai tathA jAtakoM meM yaha paripakva huA hai Adi / 2. vahIM, pR0 25-26 / 1. vahIM, pR0 14-15,24,27 / 3. vahIM, pR0 27

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(7) isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki abhidharma kA buddhavacanatva siddha karane meM AcArya buddhaghoSa ne bharapUra prayatna kiyA hai aura sthaviravAdI-paramparA ise baddhavacana hI mAnatI hai| paramparA kA Adara karate hue merA spaSTa vicAra hai ki isake buddhavacana hone meM abhI bhI sandeha hai aura 'dhamma' ke vikAsa-krama-svarUpa isakI sthiti hai| adhika vicAra karane para yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki abhidharma meM unhIM pravRttiyoM kA vistAra prApta hotA hai, jo bIja-rUpa meM sattapiTaka meM prApta saddharma meM upalabdha haiN| isa kAraNavaza ise buddhavacana ke sannikaTa athavA eka prakAra se usakA hI vistAra lete hue yadi buddhavacana kahA jAya to isameM vizeSa kaThinAI nahIM parilakSita hotii| baddhaghoSa bhI abhidharma zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra prastuta karate haiM-"tattha abhidhammo ti kenaTena abhidhammo? dhmmaatirekdhmmvisestten| atireka-visesatthadIpako hi ettha abhisddo'| arthAt abhidharma, yaha kisa artha kA pratipAdaka hone se abhidharma hai? dharma kA atireka athavA dharma-vizeSa artha hone ke kaarnn| abhidharma meM prayukta 'abhi' zabda atireka tathA vizeSa artha ko prakAzita karanevAlA hai| 'dharma' ko hI vizeSa rUpa se prakaTa karane vAlA abhidharma hai| isase yahI jJAta hotA hai ki dharmarUpI sUtroM ke vizeSa artha isase jJAta hote haiN| AcArya asaGga ne cAra arthoM ko vyakta karane meM 'abhi' zabda kI sArthakatA pradarzita kI hai:-"abhimukhto'thaabhiikssnnyaadbhibhvgtito'bhidhrmshc"| arthAt nirvANa ke abhimukha hone se, dharma kA vividha vargIkaraNa karane se, virodhI matoM kA abhibhava karane se evaM sUtroM ke siddhAnta kA anugamana karane se| ina kAraNoM se yadi abhidharma ko sAkSAt buddhavacana na bhI mAnA jAya to vizeSa dharma kI abhivyakti karane ke kAraNa buddhavacana ke samAna hI ise mAnA jA sakatA hai| sthaviravAdI abhidharma ke antargata ye sAta prakaraNa haiM:- dhammasaGgaNi, vibhaGga, dhAtukathA, puggalapatti , kathAvatthu, yamaka, tathA ptttthaan| sarvAstivAdI abhidharmapiTaka sarvAstivAdI abhidharmapiTaka meM bhI sAta grantha parigaNita haiM, parantu ye grantha sthaviravAdiyoM ke granthoM ke samAna nahIM haiN| ye saMskRta meM aprApta haiM tathA cInI bhASA meM surakSita haiN| una sAta granthoM meM se mukhya jJAnaprasthAna kA cInI-bhASA se saMskRta meM punaruddhAra pro0 zAntibhikSu zAstrI ne vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, zAntiniketana, se kiyA thA, jo 1955 I0 meM vahIM se prakAzita huA thaa| 1. vahIM, pR0 17-18 / 2. mahAyAnasUtrAlaGkAra, 11:3, mithilA vidyApITha saMskaraNa, 1970 /

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(8) sarvAstivAdI paramparA apane isa abhidharma ko SaDpAdAbhidharma kI saMjJA se vibhUSita karatI hai| inameM se jJAnaprasthAna zarIra kI bhA~ti hai aura zeSa chaha grantha usake pAda-svarUpa mAne gaye haiN| ye grantha isa prakAra haiM: granthakartA 1. jJAnaprasthAnazAstra Arya kAtyAyana 2. prakaraNapAda sthavira vasumitra 3. vijJAnakAyapAda sthavira devazarmA yA devakSema 4. dharmaskandhapAda Arya zAriputra yA maudgalyAyana 5. prajJaptizAstrapAda Arya maudgalyAyana 6. dhAtukAyapAda pUrNa yA vasumitra 7. saMgItiparyAyapAda mahAkauSThila yA zAriputra isameM eka hI grantha ke kartAoM ke athavA karake jo nAma diye gaye haiM, ve cInI tathA tibbatI paramparA ke anusAra haiN| yadyapi ina granthoM ke kartAoM ke nAma ullikhita haiM, kintu kazmIra-vaibhASikoM ke anusAra ye sabhI buddhavacana hI haiM aura inakA upadeza zAstA ne vibhinna samayoM evaM sthAnoM para vibhinna prakAra ke ziSyoM ke lie kiyA thA; kintu vaibhASika tathA sautrAntika isase sahamata nahIM hai| unake anusAra ina granthoM kA praNayana kAlakramAnusAra bhinnabhinna AcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| I0 lAmota ne apane viziSTa grantha 'hisTrI oNpha inDiyana buddhijma' meM vistAra-pUrvaka isakI carcA kI hai tathA yaha viSaya vahIM draSTavya hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki abhidharma ke buddhavacana hone ke bAre meM kAphI vivAda hai| saccasaGkepa ke racayitAH Acariya culladhammapAla saccasaGkepa ke racayitA ko sAmAnyata: 'Acariya dhammapAla' (AcArya dharmapAla) ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai aura gaurava pradAna karane ke lie inheM 'porANA' isa bahuvacana se bhI alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai, jo yaha abhivyakta 1. I0 nAmota, hisTrI oNpha inDiyana buddhiz2ma, (phrenca se AMgla-bhASA meM anUdita), pR0 184-191, lovena-lA-nevue, 1988 /

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(9) karatA hai ki ye gauravapUrNa prAcIna AcArya hai| kintu isake racayitA ko spaSTatA pradAna karane ke lie unheM 'culladhammapAla' ke nAma se smRta kiyA gayA hai| ise spaSTa karanA paramAvazyaka hai| dhammapAla nAma ke kaI AcArya ho gaye haiM tathA nAma-sAmya ke kAraNa ina sabhI kI kRtiyoM ko lekara viddhAnoM meM bhrama kI sthiti utpanna ho gayI hai| ata: isa para samIcIna rUpa se vicAra karanA atyanta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| AcArya dhammapAla athavA dharmapAla ke rUpa meM hameM cAra kRtikAra prApta hote haiM aura isa sandarbha meM ina cAroM ke sambandha meM nimnAGkita vivaraNa prastuta hai (ka) aTThakathAkAra evaM TIkAkAra Acariya dhammapAla- ina Acariya dhammapAla kA ullekha gandhavaMsa grantha meM AyA hai aura vahA~ para inheM jambudIpa arthAt bhArata kA nivAsI batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI vahA~ para unheM ina granthoM kA racanAkAra kahA gayA hai- nettipakaraNa-aTThakathA, itivRttaka-aTThakathA, udAnaTThakathA, cariyApiTakaTThakathA, theragAthATThakathA, vibhAnavatthu kI vimalavilAsinI nAmikA aTThakathA, visuddhimagga kI paramatthamaJjUsA nAmaka TIkA, dIghanikAyAdi cAra nikAyoM kI aTThakathA kI lInatthapakAsinI nAmikA TIkA, netti-aTThakathA kI TIkA, buddhavaMsa-aTThakathA kI paramatthadIpanI nAmaka TIkA, abhidhammaTThakathA kI lInatthavaNNanA nAmaka ttiikaa| isa prakAra unheM ina caudaha granthoM kA racayitA kahA gayA hai| vahA~ para spaSTa ullekha hai- "ime cuddasamatte gandhe akaasi'| arthAt ina caudaha granthoM kI unhoMne racanA kI / _sAsanavaMsa ke anusAra ve itivRttaka-aTThakathA, udAnaTThakathA, cariyApiTakaTThakathA, thera-therIgAthATThakathA, vimAnavatthuTThakathA, petavatthuTThakathA, netti-aTThakathA, viddhimagga kI mahATIkA, dIghanikAyaTThakathA kI TIkA, majjhimanikAyaTThakathA kI TIkA, saMyuttanikAyaTThakathA kI TIkA ke lekhaka kahe gaye haiN| ___ yadyapi gandhavaMsa tathA sAsanavaMsa unnIsavIM sadI ke grantha haiM, tathApi tripiTaka ke kAla se lekara Adhunika yuga taka ke pAli-granthoM evaM granthakAroM 1. abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI vibhAvinITIkA, romana saMskaraNa, pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1989 / 2. gandhavaMsa, pR0 60, romana saMskaraNa, jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1886 / 3. vahIM, pR066| 4. vahIM, pR060| 5. sAsanavaMsa, pR0 31, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1961 /

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(10) ke vivaraNa inameM prApta haiN| Acariya dhammapAla dvArA prastuta granthoM ke sandarbha meM ina donoM granthoM dvArA diye gaye. vivaraNoM meM paryApta sAmya vidyamAna haiN| gandhavaMsa meM therIgAthA-aTThakathA tathA petavatthu-aTThakathA kA ullekha nahIM huA hai evaM sAsanavaMsa meM aGguttaranikAyaTThakathATIkA, buddhavaMsaTThakathATIkA aura abhidhammaTThakathA kI lInatthavaNNanA nAmaka anuTIkAdi ke nAma prApta nahIM hai| sAtha hI isameM aGguttaranikAya kI TIkA ke lekhaka, samantapAsAdikA-aTThakathA para sAratthadIpanI nAmaka TIkA ke racayitA sAripatta thera batAye gaye haiM"sAratthadIpani nAma vinayaTIkaM, aguttaranikAyaTIkaJca parakkamabAhuraJA yAcito sAriputtathero akaasi"| sAsanavaMsa meM abhidhamma kI mUlaTIkA para anTIkA likhanevAle kA nAma bhI Acariya dhammapAla hI diyA gayA hai, jabaki gandhavaMsa meM abhidhammaTThakathA kI lInatthavaNNanA nAmaka anuTIkA kA inheM racayitA kahA gayA hai| lagatA hai ki aise bhrama nAma-sAmya ke kAraNa hI hue haiN| sAsanavaMsa meM Acariya dhammapAla ko padaratittha-nivAsI batAyA gayA hai / yaha sthAna damiLa (tamila) rASTra meM sthita thA-- "so ca AcariyadhammapAlathero sIhaLadIpassa samIpe damiLaraTThe padaratitthamhi nivAsitattA sIhaLadIpe yeva saGgahetvA vttbbo'| padaratittha badaratittha hI hai| yaha bhArata ke dakSiNa-pUrvI samudra taTa para madrAsa se thor3A dakSiNa kI ora sthira hai| ataH isase yahI jJAta hotA hai ki janmata: ve tamila the aura unakA lekhana-kArya dakSiNa bhArata meM sampanna huA thaa| unake granthoM ke nigamana-vAkya se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ye kAJcIpura (kAJjIvaram) ke nivAsI the--"iti badaratittha-mahAvihAravAsinA tipiTakapariyattidharena.....bhadanta-dhammapAlAbhidhAna-mahAsAmipadena viracitaM'' aadi| pU0 bhikSu saddhAtissa ne apane dvArA sampAdita upAsakajinAlaGkAra kI bhUmikA meM yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki visuddhimaggamahATIkA (paramatthamaJjUsA) tathA prathama tIna nikAya-dIgha, majjhima evaM saMyutta kI aTThakathAoM kI TIkA ke lekhaka Acariya dhammapAla na hokara saccasaGkepa ke lekhaka culladhammapAla hI the / 1. vhiiN| 2. vhiiN| 3-4. vhiiN| 5. draSTavya-saccasaGgrepa kA nigamana-vAkya, pR0 25, jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1918 /

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(11) malalasekara ne apanI 'DikzanarI Apha pAli prApara nemsa' meM abhidhammamUlaTIkA ke racayitA AnandAcariya ko culladhammapAla kA guru svIkAra diyA hai| ise mAnate hue hI pU0 saddhAtissa jI ne apanA uparyukta mata rakhA hai| unakA kathana hai ki visuddhimagga-mahaTIkA ke nigamana (kolophona) meM dhammapAla ne kahA hai ki sitthagAmapariveNa nivAsI vizuddha zIlavAle dAThAnAga thera ke anurodha para hI yaha TIkA unake dvArA likhI gayI hai| cUlavaMsa ke anusAra isa pariveNa kA nirmANa samrAT sena caturtha (IsvI san 954-956) dvArA usa sthAna para kiyA gayA thA, jahA~ apane rAjyArohaNa ke pUrva ve bhikSa-rUpa meM rahate the| unake uttarAdhikArI rAjA mahinda caturtha (IsvI san 956-962) ne thera dAThAnAga ko niyukta kiyA thA.... isa prakAra visuddhimaggamahATIkA ke racayitA kA samaya yahI hai| isake viparIta Acariya dhammapAla kAJcIpura ke nivAsI the aura dakSiNa bhArata ke nAgapaTTana meM sthita badaratitthavihAra meM nivAsa karate hue unhoMne apanA lekhanakArya kiyA tathA bAdavAle dhammapAla siMhalI bhikSa the, aisA jJAta hotA hai aura inhoMne apanA lekhanakArya sIhaladvIpa (zrIlaMkA meM) kiyaa| yadi yaha saba satya hai to visuddhimaggamahATIkA ke jisa lekhaka ne ise dasavIM sadI meM likhA, unhIM ne dIgha, majjhima tathA saMyuktanikAya kI aTThakathAoM para bhI TIkAoM kA praNayana kiyaa| mUlaTIkAkAra AnandAcariya ke jyeSTha ziSya tathA saccasaGkepa ke racayitA cullaMdhammapAla hI ye dhammapAla ho sakate haiN| isakA uttara tarkapUrNa rIti se dIghanikAyaTThakathATIkA kI bhUmikA meM isakI sampAdikA lili De silvA ne dete hue anta meM yaha kahA hai ki culladhammapAla ko uparyukta bar3I TIkAoM kA praNetA mAnane para yaha kaThinAI prastuta hotI hai ki unheM taba culla (choTe) zabda se kyoM abhihita kiyA gayA / vAstava meM to unheM culladhammapAla na kaha kara mahAdhammapAla kahanA caahie| dIghanikAyaTThakathATIkA meM vistAra jAnane het viddhimaggamahATIkA ko bhI dekhane ke lie kahA gayA hai| isake alAvA unhoMne apane pakSa meM aura bhI tarka prastuta karate hue uparyukta racanAoM kA praNetA Acariya dhammapAla ko hI mAnA hai, jo buddhadatta evaM buddhaghoSa kI paramparA meM buddhaghoSa meM pazcAt AvirbhUta hue haiN| sitthagAmapiraveNa vAle tarka para lili De silvA kA vicAra yaha hai ki yaha tathA kAJcIpura Adi sthAna madrAsa presiDensI meM hI irda-girda sthita haiM aura isake bala para visuddhimaggamahATIkAdi ko dasavIM sadI meM likhA jAnA siddha karanA

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(12) samIcIna nahIM hai| vistAra hetu unake dvArA prastuta tarka dIghanikAya-aTThakathA kI TIkA kI bhUmikA meM draSTavya haiN| Acariya dhammapAla ne sIhaLadIpa (zrIlaMkA) ke mahAvihAra meM nizcita rUpa se adhyayana avazya kiyA thA, kintu unhoMne apanI racanAe~ bhI vahIM likhIM, isa sambandha meM antima rUpa se kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki petavatthuaTThakathA ke nidAna meM spaSTa rUpa se unake dvArA kahA gayA hai ki mahAvihAra kI paramparA ke anusAra hI isa grantha kI vyAkhyA ko ve prastuta kara rahe hai / buddhaghoSAcArya ke sambandha meM bhI hameM yaha jJAta hai ki theravAda sambandhI vyAkhyAe~ aura aTThakathAe~ zrIlaMkA ke hI mahAvihAra meM prApta thIM aura vahA~ ke bhikSu paThanapAThana meM unakA vyavahAra karate the| bhArata meM unakA sarvathA abhAva thA tathA vahA~ vidyamAna una aTThakathAoM ko mAgadha-bhASA meM prastuta karane ke uddezya se hI ve zrIlaMkA gaye the, jisase sabhI ke lie ve sulabha ho skeN| isI prakAra Acariya dhammapAla ne bhI mahAvihAra kI paramparA se prApta ina vyAkhyAoM evaM aTThakathAoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| svata: tamila hone ke kAraNa tamila meM vidyamAna aTThakathAoM ke adhyayana-kArya meM bhI unheM sauvidhya to thA hii| khuddakanikAya ke una granthoM para inhoMne aTThakathAe~ likhIM, jinheM buddhaghoSAcArya ne chor3a diyA thaa| inake atirikta buddhaghoSa dvArA anya nikAyoM para prastuta aTThakathAoM para lInatthapakAsinI athavA lInatthavaNNanA nAmaka TIkAe~ dhammapAla dvArA likhI gyiiN| zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ne apane 'pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa' nAmaka grantha meM jo yaha likhA hai ki inakI racanAoM meM mAtra khuddakanikAya ke granthoM para prastuta paramatthadIpanI nAmaka aTThakathA hI prApta hai tathA zeSa meM se kucha bhI prApta nahIM hai - yaha kathana nitAnta asamIcIna hai| dIghanikAya-aTThakathA para lInatthavaNNanA nAmaka TIkA romanAkSaroM meM pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, dvArA tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukI hai, jisakA ullekha hama Upara kara cuke haiN| ise hama gauravamayI TIkA kI saMjJA pradAna kara sakate haiN| visuddhimagga-mahATIkA paramatthamaJjasA kA bhI mUla ke sAtha tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzana sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya se ho cukA hai tathA khuddakanikAya ke granthoM para inake dvArA 6-7. dIghanikAya-aTThakathA-TIkA, bhAga 1, bhUmikA, pR0 37-48, romana saMskaraNa, landana, 1970 / 8. di pAli liTrecara Apha sIlona, pR0 113, sIlona, 1958 / 9. pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 531, ilAhabAda, saMvat 2008 / 10. san 1969-1962 /

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( 13 ) prastuta paramatthadIpanI nAmaka aTThakathA kA prakAzana pAli TeksaTa sosAyaTI, landana, se kAphI pahale ho cukA hai| __yadyapi Acariya dhammapAla ne apanI aTThakathAoM meM baddhaghoSAcArya kI aTThasAlinI evaM dhammapadAdi aTThakathAoM se sAmagrI lI hai, kinta vyAkhyA ke kArya meM apanI racanAoM meM ye atyanta maulika tathA saTIka haiM aura unameM sthAnasthAna para inakI vidvattA spaSTa rUpa se jhalakatI hai| isase inakA nikharA huA vyaktitva sApha najara AtA hai tathA isa sandarbha meM inakI jitanI bhI prazaMsA kI jAya thor3I hI hogii| saccasaGkepa ke racayitA ke viSaya meM eka mahattvapUrNa bAta yahA~ para vizeSarUpa se dhyAtavya hai ki gandhavaMsa meM culladhammapAla ke guru AnandAcariya kA nAma krama meM ina dhammapAlAcariya ke pahale AyA hai aura isake bAda inakA"Anando nAmAcariyo sattAbhidhammagandhaTThakathAya mUlaTIkaM nAma TIkaM akAsi / kyA yaha AnandAcariya ke pUrvavartI hone kA saGketa hai? hama isake AdhAra para nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kaha sakate, kintu yaha vicAraNIya viSaya avazya hai| gandhavaMsa tathA sAsanavaMsa meM kahIM bhI yaha ullekha nahIM prApta hotA ki dhammapAlAcariya ne saccasaGkepa nAmaka grantha kI bhI racanA kI thI, kintu bAda ke logoM ne nAma-sAmya ke kAraNa inheM hI saccasaGkepa kA racayitA mAna liyA aura isake uddharaNoM ko Acariya dhammapAla kA kaha diyaa| sabase vicitra bAta to saccasaGkepa ke romana saMskaraNa ke prakAzana ke sandarbha meM huii| usakI saMkSipta bhUmikA meM to saccasaGkepa ke racayitA ko culladhammapAla spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA, kintu grantha ke mUla ke anta meM Acariya dhammapAla se sambandhita nigamana-vAkya sampAdaka dvArA diyA gayA, patA nahIM kisa mAnasikatA athavA tarka ke kAraNa / isa para hama vizeSa carcA culladhammapAla para vicAra karate hue Age kreNge| cInI yAtrI yuvAn-cvAG ne apane prasiddha yAtrA-vivaraNa meM kAJcIpura kI yAtrA ke prasaGga meM dharmapAlAcArya kA varNana prastuta kiyA hai, isako hama Age prastuta karane jA rahe haiN| 1. pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1892 se lekara isake aage| 2. gandhavaMsa, pUrvokta, pR060|| 3. saccasaGgrepa, pUrvokta, pR0 25 / 4. rikArDsa Apha di vesTarna kanTarIz2a, buka 10, pR0 229-230 riprinTa, dillI, 1969 /

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(14) (kha) yuvAn-cvAG dvArA apane yAtrA-vivaraNa meM prastuta kAJcIpura ke dharmapAlAcArya-yavAna-cvAG ne apane yAtrA-vivaraNa meM drAvir3a deza kI apanI yAtrA ke prasaGga meM isa deza kI rAjadhAnI kAJcIpura kA varNana karate hue mahAyAna ke saGghArAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA kAJcIpura ko bodhisattva dharmapAla kA nivAsa-sthAna batAyA hai| unake sambandha meM eka lambI kathA bhI vahA~ para unhoMne uddhRta kI hai| ye bodhisattva nAlandA ke AcArya the tathA bauddhadharma ke mahAyAna sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| ye uparyukta Acariya dhammapAla se bhinna vyakti the| lagatA hai ki kAJcIpura pahu~cane para unhoMne vahA~ ke nivasiyoM se uparyukta Acariya dhammapAla ke sambandha meM yaha kathA-vivaraNa sunA ho aura ise unhoMne mahAyAnI AcArya dharmapAla se jor3a diyA ho| isa kathA meM dharmapAla ko usa deza ke maMtrI ke putra ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue vairAgyavazAt inake pravajita hone kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo vahIM draSTavya hai| ___isake AdhAra para udAna grantha ke romana saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA meM isake sampAdaka sTenthala ne inheM nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya kA prasiddha AcArya mAna liyA tathA rIja-DeviDsa evaM kArapenTara ne dIghanikAya-aTThakathA sumaGgalavilAsinI ke upodghAta meM isa mata kA samarthana karate hue yaha abhivyakta kiyA ki Acariya dhampAla kA janma kAJcIpura meM huA thA aura inhoMne nAlandA meM apane lekhanakArya ko sampanna kiyaa| bAda meM insAIklopIDiyA Apha rilijana aiNDa ethiksa meM unhoMne apane pUrvokta vicAra ko badalate hue yaha sthApanA kI ki yuvAn-cvAG pAli ke Acariya dhammapAla ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM jAnatA thA aura kAJcIpura pahu~cane para vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ne inhIM ke bAre meM unheM sUcanA dI, jise bhrama ke vaza se usane mahAyAnI evaM saMskRta ke AcArya dharmapAla se jor3a kara apanA vivaraNa prastuta kara diyA / (ga) arimaddanapura ke dhammapAla-arimaddanapura (barmA) nivAsI bhI eka dhammapAlAcariya haiM, jinakA vivaraNa hameM gandhavaMsa tathA mebila boDa kRta 'di pAli liTarecara Apha barmA' kI bhUmikA meM prApta hai| 1. udAna, bhUmikA, pR0 7, romana saMskaraNa, pAliTeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1885 / 2. dIghanikAyaaTThakathA, bhA0 1, upodghAta, pR0 8, romana saMskaraNa, pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1886 / 3. I0 Ara0I0, bhAga 4, pR0 701 / 4. pUrvokta, pR067| 5. di pAli liTarecara Apha barmA, bhUmikA, pR0 3, Ara0 e0esa0, landana, 1909 /

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(15) (gha) saccasaGkepa ke racayitA culladhammapAla-pahale yaha likhA jA cukA haiM ki saccasaGkepa ke racayitA Acariya culladhammapAla haiN| gandhavaMsa meM spaSTa ullekha hai- "AnandAcariyassa jeTThasisso culladhampAlo nAmAcariyo saccasaGkepaM nAma aakaasi'| kintu sAsanavaMsa meM yaha vivaraNa AyA haisaccasaGkepaM dhmmpaalthero'| bAda ke TIkAkAroM Adi ne saccasakepa ke kartA ke rUpa meM Acariya dhammapAla hI likhA hai| yahA~ taka ki buddhasAsana samiti, barmA, se 1962 I. prakAzita saccasaGkepa ke racayitA ke rUpa meM bhadantAcariyadhammapAla thera kI yaha kRti hai, yahI ullikhita hai| isakI bhUmikA meM yaha vivaraNa prApta hai-- "saccasakepo pana AcariyadhammapAlattherena viracito ti yati; vRttaJca sAsanavaMsadIpikAyaM--'saccasaGkepaM dhammapAlatthero (akAsI') ti| maNisAramaJjUsAyaM ca tatiyaparicchedavaNNanAyaM 'Aha kathesaM saccasaGkepe-- dhammapAlAcariyassa garubhAvato porANA ti bahuvacanavasena soveko vutto' ti ca, 'saccasaGkepe nAma pakaraNe dhammapAlAcariyena vuttaM ti yojanA' ti ca' / buddhasAsana samiti, barmA, dvArA yaha grantha amidhammAvatAra, nAmarUpapariccheda tathA paramatthavinicchaya Adi tIna anya granthoM ke sAtha prakAzita huA hai| inameM abhidhammAvatAra ke racayitA Acariya buddhadatta haiM tathA nAmarUpapariccheda evaM paramatthavinicchaya ke praNetA amidhammatthasaGgaha ke kartA Acariya anuruddh| malalasekara ne apanI 'DikzanarI Apha pAli prApara nemsa' meM dhammapAla ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki saccasaGkepa ke lekhaka sIlona ke thera dhammapAla haiM, jinheM sAmAnyata: culladhammapAla ke nAma se amihita kiyA jAtA hai / apane grantha 'di pAli liTarecara Apha sIlona' meM gandhavaMsa kA Azraya lete hue unhoMne inheM culladhammapAla hI mAnA hai aura saddhammasaGgaha meM Aye isa vivaraNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai ki saccasaGgrepa ke racayitA Ananda haiN| vahIM para inhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki ye abhidhammamUlaTIkAkAra vanaratana Ananda ke ziSya the| hama pahale yaha likha cuke haiM ki prasiddha aTThakathAkAra Acariya dhammapAla ne saccasaGkepa kI racanA kI thI, isakA kahIM bhI ullekha gandhavaMsa meM prApta 1. gandhavaMsa, pUrvokta, pR060| 2. sAsanavaMsa, pUrvokta, pR0 31 / 3. pR0, g| 4. pR0 1146 / 5. pR0 202-203 /

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( 16 ) nahIM hai| saccasaGkSepa ke racayitA dhammapAlathera haiM, sAsanavaMsa kA yaha ullekha inhIM culladhammapAla kI hI ora iMgita karatA hai, kyoMki yaha aTThakathAkAra Acariya dhammapAla ke sandarbha meM vahA~ vidyamAna na hokara anya racanAkAroM ke sambandha meM prApta vivaraNa ke sAtha sanniviSTa haiM / saccasaGkSepa ke romana saMskaraNa meM jo nigamana- vAkya (kolophona) diyA gayA hai, vaha isa grantha ke racanAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha aTThakathAkAra Acariya dhammapAla ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai / parantu isake sampAdaka ne apanI bhUmikA meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki saccasaGkSepa ke racayitA prasiddha aTThakathAkAra aura TIkAkAra kAJcIpura (kAJjIvaram) nivAsI Acariya dhammapAla nahIM haiM, apitu isake praNetA abhidhammamUlaTIkA ke racanAkAra AnandAcariya ke ziSya culladhammapAla haiMauM, phira bhI patA nahIM kisa uddezya se prasiddha aTThakathAkAra evaM TIkAkAra Acariya dhammapAla ko hI digdarzita karAnevAle isa nigamana - vAkya ko sampAdaka mahodaya ne saccasaGkSepa ke romana saMskaraNa ke mUla pATha meM rakhA hai| isa para unhone pAThabheda bhI prastuta kiyA hai ki yaha nigamana - vAkya inDiyA Aphisa lAIbrerI meM tAr3apatroM para vidyamAna mAnDale saMgraha kI isa grantha kI prati meM vidyamAna nahIM haiM / isa sthiti meM ise mUlapATha meM rakhane kA unakA kArya nitAnta asamIcIna hai | sampAdaka ne apanI bhUmikA meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki saccasaGkSepa grantha kI siMhalI tathA barmI lipiyoM meM prApta kaI pANDulipiyoM tathA prakAzita saMskaraNoM kA avalokana karane ke pazcAt hI unhoMne isa grantha kA sampAdana kiyA hai aura pAThoM ke sandarbha meM utpanna zaMkA ke nivAraNArtha inDiyA Aphisa lAIbrerI meM tAr3apatra para prApta mAnDale saMgraha kI isakI prati kA bhI unake dvArA avalokana kiyA gayA hai, kintu unhIM ke anusAra yaha nigamanavAkya mAnDale saMgraha kI prati meM nahIM hai / isa prakAra unakI dRSTi se bhI sandeha utpanna karanevAle isako mUla meM denA eka prakAra se 'vadato vyAghAta' hI hai| buddhasAsana samiti, barmA, ne apane saMskaraNa meM na to ise mUla meM rakhA hai aura na pAThabheda ke rUpa meM / 6 no 1. sAsanavaMsa, pUrvokta, pR0 31 / 2. saccasaGkSepa, romana saMskaraNa, pUrvokta, pR0 25 / 3. vahIM pR0 2 / 4. vahIM pR0 25 / 5. vahIM, pR0 2 / 6. vahIM, pR0 25 / 7. pR0 34 /

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(17) Upara yaha ullikhita kiyA jA cukA hai ki culladhammapAla abhidhammamUlaTIkAkAra vanaratana Ananda ke jyeSTha ziSya the| inhoMne isa mUlaTIkA para anuTIkA kA praNayana kiyA thaa| isa mUlaTIkA kI racanA kassapa kI saMgIti (1165 I0) ke pUrva nizcita rUpa se hI cukI thI aura culladhammapAla ne, jo nizcita rUpa se bArahavIM sadI se pUrva ho cuke the, isa para anuTIkA likhI thii| araJavAsI athavA vanavAsI sampradAya kI sUcanA kaliMga-samrATa aggabodhi ke zAsana-kAla (598-608I0) se hI prApta hotI hai evaM usI samaya bhikSujIvana vyatIta karane ke lie sIhala dvIpa meM inakA Agamana huA; tathA mahAsthavira jotipAla ke saMrakSakatva meM bauddha saMgha meM ye praviSTa hue| rasavAhinI grantha ke praNetA vedeha ne apane isa grantha meM vanavAsI sampradAya ke prArambha kA vivaraNa diyA hai, kyoMki ve bhI isI sampradAya ke the| gandhavaMsa dvArA hameM yaha sUcanA AnandAcariya ke bAre meM prApta hotI hai ki ve bhArata ke hI nivAsI the aura unakA kAla sambhavata: AThavIM athavA navIM zatAbdI thA evaM unhoMne buddhamitta ke anurodha para abhidhammamUlaTIkA kI racanA kI, jise mahAsthavira kassapa aura unake sahayogiyoM ne puna: saMzodhita kiyA thaa| inheM vanaratana Ananda athavA vanaratana tissa bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vanavAsI sampradAya se unakA sambandha thA / sAriputta kI maMDalI ke kAla meM sIhala dvIpa meM vanavAsI athavA araJjavAsI sampradAya rAjanItika uthala-puthala se aprabhAvita rahate hue amane ko mahAvihAra kI paramparA se sampRkta rakhe hue thaa| mahAvihAra kI paramparA hI unake dhArmika jIvana meM vidyamAna thii| paMDita parAkrama kI saMgIti meM bhI unakA apUrva yogadAna thA / isI se sAriputta ke ziSya sumaGgala svAmI ne abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI TIkA vibhAvinI meM apanI sthApanA ko puSTa karane ke lie AnandAcariya kI abhidhammamUlaTIkA tathA culladhammapAla ke saccasaGkepa ke aneka uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jinakA ullekha hama Age kreNge| unhoMne culladhammapAla ke uddharaNa dhammapAlAcariya yA porANA kaha kara hI diye haiN| lagatA hai ki culladhammapAla kA nAma dhammapAla thera hI thA tathA unheM aTThakathAcariya dhammapAla se pRthak karane ke lie unake nAma meM culla (choTe) yaha zabda bAda meM jor3A gyaa| 1. di pAli liTarecara Apha sIlona, pUrvokta, pR0 211 / 2. vahIM, pR0 210-212 / 3. vahIM, pR0 210 // 4. vhiiN|

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(18) araJjavAsI sampradAya kI sthiti bArahavIM-terahavIM sadI taka banI rahI aura isa samaya eka dUsare mahAsthavira Ananda vidyamAna the, jo sAriputta ke ziSya udumbaragiri medhaGkara ke ziSya the| inhIM ke ziSya kaccAyana vyAkaraNa sampradAya ke grantha rUpasiddhi ke praNetA buddhappiya the, jinhoMne apane guru Ananda ko tAmraparNI-dhvaja kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se inhIM Ananda ko nAma-sAmya ke AdhAra para abhidhammamUlaTIkA ke racayitA ke rUpa meM mAna liyA jAtA hai, kintu pahale yaha pradarzita kiyA jA cukA hai ki abhidhammamUlaTIkA ke racanAkAra san 1165 kI kassapa thera kI saMgIti ke pUrva hI apane isa grantha kI racanA kara cuke the evaM unake ziSya culladhammapAla athavA dhammapAla, jo bArahavIM sadI ke pUrva meM vidyamAna the, isa para TIkA likha cuke the| sAriputta ke ziSya sumaGgala svAmI dvArA abhidhammamUlaTIkA evaM saccasaGgrepa ke prastuta uddharaNa sumaGgala svAmI ne abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI TIkA vibhAvinI meM aneka sthaloM para abhidhammamUlaTIkA ke uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jinheM isake romana saMskaraNa ke AdhAra para darzAyA jA rahA hai:(1) "apare pana kusalAdInaM kusalAdibhAvasAdhanaM hetubhAvo ti vadanti (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga3, pR0 168) / (2) "mUlaTIkAkArAdayo pana aJathA pi taM sAdhenti" (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga2, pR095)| (3) "evaJca katvA vuttaM AnandAcariyena- 'paJcadvAre ca ApAthamAgacchantaM paccuppannaM kammanimittaM AsannakappakammArammaNasantatiyaM uppannaM, taM sadisaM ti daTThabbaM" (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga2, pR0 105) / (4) "rUpaloke gandhAdInaM abhAvavAdimatampi hi tattha tattha Acariyehi paTikkhittameva'' (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga 2, pR0 108-109) / 1. vahIM, pR0 211 / 2. vibhAvinI, romana saMskaraNa, pR0 95, pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1989 / 3. vahIM, pR0 142 / 4. vahIM, pR0 146 / 5. vahIM, pR0 158

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(5) " apare pana cittassa ThitikhaNaM" (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga 1, pR0 21-22 ) / (6) "bhaGgakkhaNe ca rUpuppAdaM paTisedhenti" (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga - 2, pR0 23-24) / ( 19 ) 3 (7) "AnandAcariyAdayo pana sabbesampi cuticittaM rUpaM na samuTThApetI ti vdnti...| (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga 1, pR0 151-152) / (8) "TIkAkAramatena ekAdasame sattAhe vA" (mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga 3, pR0 130-131) / (9) "Anandacariyo pana bhaNati - 'pAdakajjhAnato vuTThAya paccuppannAdivibhAgaM akatvA kevalaM imassa cittaM jAnAmicceva parikammaM katvA...... aniTThe ca ThAne nAnArammaNatA doso natthi abhinnAkArappavattito" ti ( mUlaTIkA, siMhalI saMskaraNa, bhAga 1, pR0 94) / 5 sumaGgala svAmI dvArA abhidhammAvatAra kI TIkA abhidhammattha- vikAsinI meM saccasaGkSepa kI gAthAoM ke uddharaNa (1) sAtaveM pariccheda kI gAthA saM0 376 kI vaNNanA meM sa0sa0 kI gAthA saM0 176 kA ullekha (abhidhammatthavikAsinITIkA, bhAga 2, pR0 38, buddhasAsana samiti, barmA, saMskaraNa, 1964) / (2) navama pariccheda kI gAthA saM0 564-567 kI vaNNanA meM sa0sa0 kI gAthA saM0 173 kA ullekha ( vahIM, pR0 96) / sumaGgala svAmI dvArA abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI vibhAvinITIkA (romana saMskaraNa) meM saccasaGkSepa kI gAthAoM ke uddharaNa saccasaGkSepa kI kArikA saMkhyA vibhAvinI ke romana saMskaraNa kI pR0 saM0 kArikA 74 kArikA 171 kArikA 60 vahIM / 1 - 2 . 4. vahIM, pR0 163 / 3. vahIM, pR0 159 / 5. vahIM, pR0203| pR0 95 pR0 101 pR0 108

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(20) kArikA 173 pR0 146 kArikA 176 pR0 109 kArikA 62 pR0 143 kArikA 164-165 pR0 145 maNisAramasATIkA meM saccasajhepa kI gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA vibhAvinI meM uddhRta saccasaGkepa kI ina kArikAoM kI vyAkhyA ariyavaMsa dvArA racita isakI vyAkhyA maNisAramaJjUsA, bhAga 1, bhAga 2, buddhasAsana samiti, barmA, dvArA san 1963 I0 evaM 1964 I0 meM kramaza: prakAzita, meM isa prakAra se haisaccasaGkepa kI kArikA saM0 maNisAramazaMsA kI bhAga-sahita pR0 saM0 kArikA saM0 74 bhAga 1, pR0 377 kArikA saM0 171 bhAga 1, pR0 407-408 kArikA saM060 bhAga 1, pR0 442-443 kArikA saM0 173 bhAga 1, pR0 452 kArikA saM0 176 bhAga 1, pR0 491 kArikA saM0 62 bhAga 2, pR0 84 kArikA saM0 164-165 bhAga 2, pR0 94 (yahA~ para bahuta vistAra se vyAkhyA kI gayI hai)| isa prakAra se apane mata kI puSTi tathA vyAkhyAna meM vibhAvinI nAmaka TIkA ke praNetA sAriputta ke ziSya sumaGgala svAmI ne saccasaGkepa kI uparyukta kArikAoM athavA gAthAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| saccasaGgrepa kI viSaya-vastu tathA isake pariccheda saccasaGkepa abhidharma-sambandhI eka laghu grantha hai| isake zIrSaka ko sAmAnya rUpa se samajhane meM yahI jJAta hotA hai ki isameM cAra Arya-satyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kintu yahA~ para Aryasatya vyAkhyAyita nahIM hai, apitu sammuti (saMvRti) evaM paramattha (paramArtha) satyoM ke pariprekSya meM AbhidhArmika tattva yahA~ para nirUpita haiN|

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( 21 ) majjhimanikAya kI aTThakathA meM yaha vivaraNa ullikhita hai ki bhagavAn buddha kI dezanA arthAt upadeza do prakAra ke satyoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara diye gaye haiM-- saMvRtisatya evaM paramArthasatya, athavA sammutidesanA tathA paramatthadesanA / sammutidesanA pudgala, sattva, strI, puruSa, kSatriya, brAhmaNa, deva, mAra Adi ko vyakta karane vAlI desanA hai aura anitya, duHkha, anAtma, skandha, Ayatana, smRtyupasthAnAdi paramatthadesanA ke antargata vyAkhyAyita hote haiM: "buddhassa bhagavato duvidhA desanA -- sammutidesanA, paramatthadesanA cA ti / tattha puggalo, satto, itthI, puriso, khattiyo, brAhmaNo, devo mAro ti evarUpA sammutidesanA, aniccaM, dukkhaM, anattA, khandhA, dhAtU, AyatanAni satipaTThAnA ti evarUpA paramatthadesanA / tattha bhagavA ye sammutivasena desanaM sutvA atyaM paTivijjhitvA mohaM pahAya visesamadhigantuM samatthA, tesaM sammutidesanaM deseti, ye pana paramatthavasena desanaM sutvA atthaM paTivijjhitvA mohaM pahAya visesamadhigantuM samatthA tesaM paramatthadesanaM deseti" / isI ko upasaMhAra rUpa meM vahIM kahA gayA hai "duve saccAni akkhAsi sambuddho vadataM varo / sammutiM paramatthaM ca tatiyaM nUpalabbhati / / saGketavacanaM saccaM lokasammutikAraNA / paramatthavacanaM saccaM dhammAnaM bhUtakAraNA / / tasmA vohArakusalassa lokanAthassa stthuno| sammutiM voharantassa musAvAdo na jAyatI" / / ti / 2 inhIM do prakAra ke satyoM athavA dezanAoM kI abhivyakti hetu saccasaGkSepa grantha kI racanA Acariya culladhammapAla dvArA kI gayI hai aura maGgalagAthA ke pazcAt gAthA saMkhyA 3-4 meM unhoMne isI ora iMgita kiyA hai / isa grantha ke gAthA saM0 5 se lekara gAthA saM0 366 taka paramatthasacca kA varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA gAthA saM0 367 se Age sammutisacca kaa| 1. ma0ni0 a0 1, pR0 177, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1975; a0ni0a0bhA0 1, pR0 107, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1976, sAratthadIpanITIkA, bhA0 1, pR0 67, sa0saM0vi0 saMskaraNa, 1991 / 2. vahIM kramazaH, pR0 78, pR0 108; pR0 67 / -

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(22) isa tathya ko vistAra se udghATita karane ke lie bauddha-darzana ke saMskRta meM prApta granthoM se bhI pAda-TippaNiyA~ vahIM para de dI gayI haiN| vidvAnoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki jaba taka anuruddhAcariya dvArA abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI racanA nahIM huI thI, taba taka abhidharma ke tattvoM kA parijJAna karAne ke lie pracalita grantha ke rUpa meM bauddha-samAja meM saccasaGkepa kA hI pracAra thA aura bAda meM isakA sthAna abhidhammatthasaGgaha ne le liyaa| maGgalagAthA ke pazcAt abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI bhI dUsarI gAthA abhidharma ke arthoM ko paramArtha rUpa meM vyakta karane ke lie hI likhI gayI hai: "tattha vuttAbhidhammatthA catudhA prmtthto| cittaM cetasikaM rUpaM nibbAnamiti sabbathA' / / yaha grantha nimnAGkita pA~ca paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai:- rUpasaGkepa, khandhattayasaGkepa, cittapavattiparidIpanapariccheda, vijJANakkhandhapakiNNakanayasaGgrepa, nibbaanpnyttipridiipnpricched| ina paricchedoM ke zIrSaka ke anusAra hI unameM viSaya-vastu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura pariccheda se sambandhita sampUrNa sAmagrI vahA~ para gAthA-rUpa meM prastuta kara dI gayI hai| isa laghu grantha kA prArambha rUpa ke varNana se kiyA gayA hai, jo abhidharmapiTaka ke grantha vibhaGgapAli ko AdhAra banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isakI tulanA meM abhidhammatthasaGgaha kA prArambha citta ke varNana se hotA hai, jisakA AdhAra abhidhammapiTaka kA hI grantha dhammasaGgaNipAli hai| ___ isa grantha meM maGgalagAthA ko lekara 387 kArikAe~ haiM, jinameM maGgalagAthA ke antargata 2 gAthAe~, prathama pariccheda meM 70 gAthAe~, dvitIya pariccheda meM 43 gAthAe~, tRtIya pariccheda meM 76 gAthAe~, caturtha pariccheda meM 112 gAthAe~ tathA paJcama pariccheda meM 84 gAthAe~ athavA kArikAe~ haiN| sampAdana-zailI grantha meM Aye hue takanIkI dArzanika zabdoM ko bharasaka kAle akSaroM meM rakhA gayA hai, jisase adhyetAoM ko vizeSa rUpa se unakI abhivyakti ho sake aura inheM spaSTa karane ke lie sambandhita granthoM se uddharaNa nAmollekha tathA 1. di pAli liTrecara Apha sIlona, pUrvokta, pR0 203 /

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( 23) usakI pRSTha-saMkhyA sahita de die gaye haiM, jisase yadi koI jijJAsu vistAra se unake bAre meM jJAna prApta karanA cAhe to una granthoM kI sahAyatA se use prApta karane meM samartha ho ske| aise granthoM ke saGketa-vivaraNa bhI alaga svatantra rUpa se de diye gaye haiN| isa grantha kA sampAdana do prakAzita granthoM ko AdhAra banAkara kiyA gayA hai--(1) san 1918 meM pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, ke jarnala meM prakAzita romana saMskaraNa evaM buddhasAsana samiti, barmA, dvArA san 1963 meM barmI lipi meM prakAzita sNskrnn| pATha kI dRSTi se romana saMskaraNa kI apekSA yaha barmI saMskaraNa adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai, ata: isake hI pATha mUla meM adhika saMkhyA meM vidyamAna haiM tathA romana saMskaraNa ke pATha pAda-TippaNiyoM meN| kahIM-kahIM ina donoM ke AdhAra para apanA pATha bhI devanAgarI lipi meM isake prathama sampAdaka ko banAnA par3A hai, udAharaNArtha gAthA saM0 296 kA pATha "ahIrikamanottappa-mohuddhaccA ca dvaadse| lobho aTThasu cittesu thInamiddhaM tu paJcasu' / / ina donoM saMskaraNoM kI pRSTha saMkhyA bhI barmI lipi meM prApta saMskaraNa ke lie [B] tathA romana saMskaraNa ke lie [R] ke rUpa meM de dI gayI hai, aura pAThabheda ko vyakta karane ke lie 'ro' romana saMskaraNa tathA 'ma' maramma arthAt barmI saMskaraNa kA paricAyaka hai| grantha ke anta meM gAthAoM ke prathama pAda kI anukramaNikA bhI prastuta kara dI gayI hai| . isa laghu grantha saccasaGkepa kA sampAdaka vizeSa rUpa se do vidvAn mahAnubhAvoM-- zramaNa-vidyA saMkAyAdhyakSa pro0 DaoN0 brahmadevanArAyaNazarmA tathA sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke prakAzana saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 harizcandra maNi tripAThI ke prati vizeSa AbhAra evaM kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hai, kyoMki inhIM kI preraNA tathA utsAhita karane ke kAraNa isake sampAdana ko vaha pUrNa karane meM samartha ho sakA aura abhidharmapiTaka ke buddhavacanatva tathA saccasaGkepa grantha ke praNetA ke sandarbha meM samAlocanAtmaka sAmagrI bhUmikA meM prastuta kara skaa| AzA hai ki pAThabhedoM, sambaddha granthoM se TippaNiyoM evaM AlocanAtmaka vistRta bhUmikA ke sAtha devanAgarI lipi meM prathama bAra prakAzita saccasaGkepa grantha

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(24) kA yaha saMskaraNa sthaviravAdI abhidharma ke adhyetAoM ke lie upAdeya siddha hogaa| ___ bahuta sAvadhAna rahane para bhI kisI grantha ke sampAdanAdi kArya meM kucha truTiyoM ke hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ata: vidvatsamAja isake lie sampAdaka ko kSamA pradAna karane kA anugraha avazya kregaa| bhavatu sabbamaGgalaM lakSmInArAyaNa tivArI

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aTTha abhi0 dI0 O ani0 2 abhi0 ko 0 bhA0 kA 0 = abhidharmakozabhASyakArikA, kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla risarca insTITyUTa, paTanA saMskaraNa, 1967 I0 / abhidhammA 0 abhi0 sa0 abhi0 sa0TI0 u0 kathA0 a0 kA0 khu0pA0 a0 ta0 triM 0 da0 - = = = abhidhammAvatAra, pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana saMskaraNa, 1915 I0 / saGketa - vivaraNa aTThasAlinI (dhammasaGgaNi- aTThakathA), bhaNDArakara oriyanTala sIrija, pUnA, 1942 I0 / aguttaranikAya bhAga 2, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1960 I0 / = abhidhammatthasaGgaha, vibhAvinITIkA sahita, bauddha svAdhyAya satra, vArANasI saMskaraNa, 1965 I0 / = abhidhammatthasaGgahaTIkA (porANaTIkA), saMskaraNa, raMgUna, 1910 / = udAna, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1959 I0 / = kathAvatthupakaraNaaTThakathA, jarnala Apha pAli TeksaTa sosAyaTI, landana, 1889 I0 / = kArikA / abhidharmadIpa, vibhASAprabhAvRtti sahita, kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla risarca insTITyUTa, paTanA saMskaraNa, 1959 I0 / = = khuddakapAThaaTThakathA, pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, saMskaraNa, 1915 I0 / tattheva tatraiva / triMzikA, silvA~ levI dvArA prakAzita, perisa, = daTThabba, draSTavya / = M landana 1925 I0 /

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(26) prasanna bodhi0pa0kA0 ma0ni0 2 ro = prasannapadA, AcArya candrakIrti viracita mAdhyamika-kArikA vRtti sahita, pU~se dvArA sampAdita, biblothikA buddhikA saMskaraNa 1903-1913 ii0| = bodhicaryAvatArapaJjikA bodhicaryAvatArakArikA para, mithilA saMskRta risarca insTITyUTa, darabhaMgA saMskaraNa, 1960 ii0| = maramma saMskaraNa, saccasaGkepa, buddhasAsana samiti, barmA saMskaraNa, 1962 ii0| = majjhimanikAya bhAga 2, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1958 I0 / = romana saMskaraNa, saccasaGgrepa, jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana dvArA prakAzita, 1918 ii0| = vibhASAprabhAvRtti, kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla risarca insTITyUTa, paTanA saMskaraNa, 1959 ii0| = visuddhimagga, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI saMskaraNa, 1940 ii0|= saMyuttanikAya bhAga 3, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1959 ii0| = suttanipAta, nAlandA saMskaraNa, 1959 I0 / = suttanipAtaaTThakathA bhAga 1, pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI, landana saMskaraNa, 1916 ii0| = saccasaGgrepa ke maramma-saMskaraNa kI pRSTha sNkhyaa| = saccasaGkepa ke romana-saMskaraNa kI pRSTha sNkhyaa| vi0pra0vR0 visu0 saM0ni0 3 su0ni0 su0ni0a0 1 [B] [R]

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saccasaGkepa kI viSaya-sUcI 14 piTThaGkaH 1. bhUmikA 1-24 abhidharmapiTaka kA buddhavacanatva 1-8 sthaviravAdI abhidhammapiTaka 1-7 sarvAstivAdI abhidharmapiTaka 7-8 saccasaGgrepa ke racayitAH Acariya culladhammapAla 8-18 (ka) aTThakathAkAra evaM TIkAkAra Acariya dhammapAla 9-14 (kha) yuvAn-cvAG dvArA apane yAtrA-vivaraNa meM prastuta kAJcIpura ke dharmapAlAcArya (ga) arimaddanapura ke dhammapAla 14 (gha) saccaGgrepa ke racayitA culladhammapAla 15-18 sAriputta ke ziSya sumaGgala svAmI dvArA abhidhammamUlaTIkA evaM saccasaGkepa ke prastuta uddharaNa sumaGgala svAmI dvArA abhidhammAvatAra kI TIkA abhidhammatthavikAsinI meM saccasaGgrepa kI gAthAoM ke uddharaNa sumaGgala svAmI dvArA abhidhammatthasaGgaha kI vibhAvinITIkA (romana saMskaraNa) meM saccasaGgrepa kI gAthAoM ke uddharaNa 19-20 maNisAramasATIkA meM saccasaGkepa kI gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA 20 saccasaGgrepa kI viSaya-vastu tathA isake pariccheda sampAdana-zailI 22-24 2. saccasaGkepo (mUlagantho) 1-56 1. maGgalagAthA 18-20 20-22

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(28) 2. rUpasaddhepo nAma paThamo paricchedo 3. khandhattayasaGgrepo nAma dutiyo paricchedo 4. cittapavattiparidIpano nAma tatiyo paricchedo 5. vijJANakkhandhapakiNNakanayasa po nAma catuttho paricchedo 6. nibbAnapaJattiparidIpano nAma paJcamo paricchedo 7. saccasaGkepassa gAthAnaM Adipadavasena anukkamaNikA 3-11 12-16 17-24 25-37 38-48 49-56

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culladhammapAlAcariyaviracito saccasa po

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2. 1. [R3,B1 ] namassitvA tilokaggaM, jeyyasAgarapAragaM / bhavAbhAvakaraM' dhammaM, gaNaJca guNasAgaraM / / 1 / / nissAya pubbAcariya- mataM atthAvirodhinaM / vakkhAmi saccasaGkSepaM hitaM kArakayoginaM || 2 || ,, 3. 4. namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammAsambuddhassa saccasaGkSepo maGgalagAthA 1. rUpasaGkhpo nAma paThamo paricchedo 1. bhavAbhavakaraM--ro / 4. thaddhabhavAdinA - ro | * saccAni paramatthaJca, sammutiJcA' ti' dve tahiM" / thaddhabhAvAdinA jeyyaM, saccaM taM paramatthakaM || 3 || sannivesavisesAdi-JeyyaM sammutitaM dvayaM / bhAvasaGketasiddhInaM, tathattA saccamIritaM / / 4 / / a. da. -- "tattha vuttAbhidhammatthA catudhA paramatthato / sammuti cA ti-ro / 2- 3 5- 6. sammutitaM - ro / cittaM cetasikaM rUpaM nibbAnamiti sabbathA" / / - abhi0sa0, pR0 6; .. abhidhamme vA paramatthato sammutiM ThapetvA paramatthasacchikaTThasabhAvasaGghAtaparamatthavasena kusalAdinA khandhAdinA ca sabbAthA pi vRttA abhidhammatthA paramatthato catudhA honti.....' - abhi0sa0TI0, pR0286; "dve api satye-- saMvRtisatyaM paramArthasatyaM ca / tayoH kiM lakSaNam ? yatra bhinnena tadbuddhiranyApohe dhiyA ca tat / ghaTAmbuvatsaMvRtisat paramArthasadanyathA / /

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saccasa ye [ paThamo paramattho sanibbAna-paJcakkhandhettha rAsito / khandhattho ca samAsetvA, vuttotItAdibhedanaM / / 5 / / vedanAdIsvapekasmi', khandhasaddo tu ruLhiyA / samuddAdekadese tu, samuddAdiravo yathA / / 6 / / tattha sItAdiruppattA, rUpaM bhvApAnalAnilaM / bhUtaM kaThinadavatA-pacanIraNabhAvakaM / / 7 / / 8. [ B2 ] cakkhu sotaJca ghAnaJca', jivhA kAyo pabhA ravo / gandho rasojA itthI ca, pumA vatthu ca jIvitaM / / 8 / / khaM jAti jaratA bhaGgo, rUpassa lahutA tathA / mudukammaJatA kAya-vacIvijhatti bhUtikaM / / 9 / / 10. cakkhAdI dtthukaamaadi-hetukmmjbhuutikaa'| pasAdA rUpasaddAdI", cakkhubANAdigocarA / / 10 / / 10. yasminnavayavazo bhinne na tadbuddhirbhavati tat saMvRtisat; tadyathA---- ghaTa: ... ato'nyathA prmaarthstym| tatra bhinne'pi tdbuddhirbhvtyev| anyadharmApohe'pi buddhyA tat paramArthasat; tadyathA--- rUpam ..." --abhi0 ko0bhA0kA0 6:4; "saMvRtisat iti saMvyavahAreNa sat; paramArthasat iti paramArthena sat, svalakSaNena sadityarthataH ...''- sphuTArthA, pR0 524; vi0pra0, vR0, pR0 262-263; prasanna0, pR0 492-494; bodhi0pa0kA0 9:2; "duve saccAni akravAsi sambuddho vadatAM varo / sammutiM paramatthaJca tatiyaM nUpalabbhati / / saGketavacanaM saccaM lokasammutikAraNaM / paramatthavacanaM saccaM dhammAnaM tthlkkhnnN''|| -kathA0 a0, pR0 35 / 1. vednaadiisupeksmi-m| 2. ruulhiyaa-ro| 3. bhvaapnlaanilN-ro| 4. kaThiNadavatA0-ro; kthindvtaa0-m| 5. ghnnnnyc-ro| 6-7. kaayvciivittibhuutikN-ro| 8. ckkhaadi-ro| 9. 0 ketukmmjbhuutikaa-ro| 10-11. psaadruupsddaadi-ro|

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paricchedo] rUpasaGkhapo 11. ojA hi yApanA itthi-pumaliGgAdihetukaM / bhAvadvayaM tu kAyaM va, byApi no sahavuttikaM / / 11 / / 12. nissayaM vatthu dhAtUnaM, dvinnaM kammajapAlanaM / jIvitaM uppalAdInaM, udakaM va ThitikkhaNe / / 12 / / khaM rUpAnaM paricchedo, jAtiAdittayaM pana / rUpanibbatti pAko ca, bhedo ceva yathAkkama / / 13 / / lahutAdittayaM taM hi, rUpAnaM kamato siyAH / adandhathaddhatA cA pi, kAyakammAnukUlatA / / 14 / / abhikkamAdijanaka-cittajassAnilassa hi| vikAro kAyavitti, rUpatthambhAdikAraNaM / / 15 / / vacIbhedakacittena, bhUtabhUmivikAratA / vacIviJattupAdinna-ghaTTanasseva kAraNaM / / 16 / / 17. [R4] rUpamabyAkataM sabaM, vippayuttamahetukaM / anAlambaM parittAdi, iti ekavidhaM naye / / 17 / / ajjhattikAni cakkhAdI', paJceteva pasAdakA / vatthunA vatthu tAneva", dvArA viJjattibhI saha / / 18 / / 19. sesaM bAvIsati ceka-vIsavIsati bAhiraM / appasAdamavatthuJca, advAraJca yathAkkamaM / / 19 / / 20. pasAdA paJca bhAvAyu, indriyanindriyetaraM / vinApaM Adito yAva, rasA thUlaM" na cetaraM / / 20 / / 1. itthii-pum0-ro| 2. bhaavvyN-ro| 3-4. vyaapino-ro| 5. jAti aadittyN-ro| 6. ruupnipphtti0-ro| 7. ythkkm-ro| 8. vciivinyttupaadinnnn0-ro| 9. ckkhaadi-ro| 10-11. vtthutaanev-ro| 12. vijnyttihi-ro| 13. baaviistii-ro| 14. indriyaM nindriyetrN-ro| 15-16. vinA pNaadito-ro| 17-18. rsthuulN-ro|

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'saccasaGkepe [ paThamo 21. [B3] aTThakaM avinibbhogaM, vaNNagandharasojakaM / bhUtaM taM tu vinibbhoga-mitaraM ti viniddise / / 21 / / aTThArasAdito rUpA', nipphannaM tu na cetaraM / phoTubbamApavajjaMtu', bhUtaM kAme na cetaraM / / 22 / / sekkhasappaTighAsekkha-paTighaM dvayavajjitaM / vaNNaM taditaraM thUla, sukhumaJceti taM tidhA / / 23 / / kammajAkammajaM"neva-kammAkammajato tidhA / cittojautujAdInaM, vasenA pi tidhA tathA / / 24 / / diDha sutaM mutaJcA pi, vijJAtaM vata cetasA / ekamekaJca paJcA pi, vIsati ca kamA siyuM / / 25 / / hadayaM vatthu vitti, dvAraM cakkhAdipaJcakaM / vatthu dvAraJca sesAni, vatthu dvAraJca no siyA / / 26 / / nipphannaM rUparUpaM khaM, paricchedotha lakkhaNaM / jAtiAdittayaM rUpaM, vikAro lahutAdikaM / / 27 / / / yathA saGghAtadhammAnaM", lakkhaNaM saGkhataM tathA / paricchedAdikaM rUpaM, tajjAtimanatikkamA / / 28 / / kammacittAnalAhAra-paccayAnaM "vasenidha / ayyA pavatti rUpassa, piNDAnaJca vasA kathaM / / 29 / / 30. kammajaM sendriyaM vatthu', vijJatti cittajA ravo / cittaggijo lahutAdi-ttayaM cittAnalannajaM / / 30 / / 1. ruup-ro| 2-3. phoTThabbaM Apavajja tu-ro| 4-5. kaamen-ro| 6-7. pttighdvyvjjitN-ro| 8-9. tnnidhaa-ro| 10-11. kammajAkammajAneva kmmaakmmjaato-ro| 12-13. ditttthmsutN-ro| 14. cakkhAdi pnyckN-ro| 15. ruupaaruupN-ro| 16-17. ythaasngkhaatdhmmaanN-ro| 18. kmmcittnlaahaar0-ro| 19-20. vsaakthN-ro| 21-22. vtthu-vijnytti-cittjaarvo-ro|

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paricchedo ] 31. 32. 33. 34. [ B4 ] aTThakaM jIvitenAyu-navakaM bhAvavatthunA / cakkhAdI paJca dasakA, kalApA nava kammajA / / 34 / / 35. [R5] suddhaTThaviJJattiyutta-navako dasako pica' / suddhasaddena navako, lahutAdidase / / 35 / / 10 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. rUpasaGkSepo aTThakaM jAti cAkAso, catujA jaratA khayaM / kutoci neva jAtaM tappAkabhedahi' taM dvayaM / / 31 / / jAtiyA pina' jAtattaMLe, kutociTThakathAnA' / lakkhaNAbhAvato tassA, sati tassiM na niTThiti / / 32 / / kammacittAnalannehi, piNDA nava ca satta ca / cattAro dve ca vijJeyyA, sajIve dve ajIvake / / 33 / / e 1. tappAkabhedaM hi ma / 3- 4. najAtataM - ro | 6. niTThitaM - ro / 8- 9. navako pi ca dasako ma / 11. lahutAdi dasekakaM-ro / 13. dvIhi - ro / 8 viJJatti lahutAdIhi, puna dvAdasa terasa / cittajA iti vijJeyyA, kalApA satta vA cha vA / / 36 / suddhaTTaM saddanavakaM, lhutaadid| 11 sadde na lahutAdIhi, caturotujakaNNikA ||37|| suddhaTThalahutAdIhi annajA dve time nava / 12 , 13 satta cattAri dve ceti, kalApA vIsatI dvibhi tayaTThakA ca cattAro, navakA dasakA nava / tayo ko ca ekena, dasa dvIhi ca tIhi ca / / 39 / / catunnampi ca dhAtUnaM, adhikaMsavasenidha / rUpabhedotha vijJeyyo, kammacittAnalannajo / / 40 / / 2. vayaM-ro / 5. kuto kathAnayA - ro | 7. ckkhaadi-ro| 10. lahutAdi dasekako-ro / 12. suddhaTTha lahutAdIhi-ro / / / 38 / /

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41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. [ B5 ] 48. 49. saccasaGkSepe kesAdimatthaluGgantA', paThavaMsA ti vIsati / pittAdimuttakantA te, jalaMsA dvAdasIritA / / 41 / / yena santappanaM yena, jIraNaM dahanaM tathA / yenasItAdipAko ti, caturaMsAnalAdhikA // 42 // uddhAdhogamakucchiTThA, koTThAseyyaGgasAri ca / assAso ti ca vijJeyyA, chaLaMsA vAyunissitA / / 43 / / pubbamuttakarIsaJcu - dariyaM caturo 9 kammA pAcaggi cittamhA - ssAso ti cha pi ekA / / 44 / / 13 7 sedasiGghAnikassu ca kheLo cittotusambhavA / dvijAdvattiMsa koTThAsA, sesA eva catubbhavA / / 45 / / 1 - 2. 0 luGgantApaThavaMsAhi - ro; 0 pathavaMsA ti ma / 3. santApanaM - ro / 6. pubbmuttkriisnycodriyN-ro| 8. cittamhA sAso-ro / ekajesvAdicatUsuLe, utujA caturaTThakA / jIvItanavako N pAce-ssAse cittabhavaTThako ||46 / / 15 10. 0 kaassu-ro| 13. ekajesvAdi catusu-ro / 15. pAcesAse - ro / 17. aTThAyu nvkaa-ro| 4 dvijaisu manatejehi, dve dve honti paTThA / sesatejAnilaMsesu, ekekahiM tayo yo / / 47 / / aTThakojamanaggIhi", honti aTThasu kammato / aTThAyunavakA evaM, ime aTTha catubbhavA / / 48 / / 17 / catuvIsesu sesesu, catusvaTThayo / ekeka mhi ca vijJeyyA, piNDA cittAnalannajA / / 49 / / 4-5. chalaMsAvAyunissitA - ro / 7. caturotuja- ro / 9. ekaja- ro / 11-12. dvijAbattiMsa - ro / [ paThamo 14. jIvitanavako-ro / 16. aTThako jmnggiihi-ro| 18. ctujesutttthkaa-m|

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paricchedo] rUpasalepo 50. 52. 54. kammajA kAyabhAvavhA, dasakA pi siyuM tahiM / catuvIsesu aMsesu, ekekamhi duve duve / / 50 / / 51. paJcA' pi cakkhusotAdI', padesadasakA puna / navakA saddasaGkhAtA, dve ticcevaM kalApato / / 51 / / tepAsa dasekaJca, navuttarasatAni ca / dasakA navakA ceva, aTThakA ca siyuM kamA / / 52 / / 53. [R6] sekapaJcasataM kAye, sahassaM taM pavattati / paripuNNindriye rUpaM, nipphannaM dhAtubhedato / / 53 / / cittuppAde siyuM rUpa-hetU kammAdayo pana / Thita na pAThe cittassa, na bhaGge rUpasambhavo / / 54 / / 55. "aJathattaM ThitassA" ti, vuttattA va ThitikkhaNaM / atthI ti ce pabandhena, Thiti tattha pavuccati / / 55 / / atha vA tikkhaNe kammaM, cittamattudayakkhaNe / utuojAttano ThAne, rUpahetu bhavanti hi / / 56 / / 57. seyyassAdikkhaNe kAya-bhAvavatthuvasA" tayo / dasakA hontibhAvissa", vinA bhAvaM duve siyuM / / 57 / / 58. [B6] tato paraJca kammaggi-cittajA te" ca piNDikA / aTThakA ca duve pubbe, vuttavRttakkhaNe vade / / 58 / / kAlenAhArajaM hoti, cakkhAdidasakAni ca / catupaccayato rUpaM, sampiNDevaM pavattati / / 59 / / 56. 59. 1. pnyjaa-ro| 3. te pcaas-ro| 6-7. athvaatikkhnne-ro| 9-10. bhvntihi-ro| 12. hontybhaaviss-ro| 15-16. smpinnddevmpvttti-ro| 2. ckkhusotaadi-ro| 4-5. tthitinn-ro| 8. utu ojaattno-ro| 11. kAyabhAvavatthu vsaa-ro| 13-14. cittjaate-ro|

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h kh 61. khh 63. 64. saccasaGkepe [ paThamA taM sattarasacittAyu', vinA vittilakkhaNaM / santatAmaraNA rUpaM, jarAdiphalamAvahaM / / 60 / / bhaGgA sattarasuppAde, jAyate kammajaM na taM / taduddhaM jAyate tasmA, takkhayA maraNaM bhave / / 61 / / AyukammubhayesaM vA, khayena maraNaM bhave / upakkamena vA kesa-JcupacchedakakammunA / / 62 / / opapAtikabhAvissa, dasakA satta kammajA / kAme Ado bhavantaggi-jAhi pubbeva bhUyate / / 63 / / AdikappanarAnaJca, apAye andhakassa ca / / badhirassA pi Ado cha, pubbevetarajA siyuM / / 64 / / 65. . tatthevandhabadhirassa', paJca honti abhAvino / yuttiyA idha vidyeyyA, paJca vA caturo pi vA / / 65 / / cakkhAdittayahInassa, caturo va bhavanti hi / vuttaM upaparikkhitvA", gahetabbaM vijAnatA / / 66 / / rUpe jIvitachakkaJca", cakkhAdisattakattayaM / paJca cha utucittehi, paJca chAsaJjinaM bhave / / 67 / / 68. paJcadhAtvAdiniyamA", pAThe" gandharasojanaM / nuppatti tattha bhUtAnaM, aphoThubbapavattinaM / / 68 / / thakSuNhIraNabhAvo va", natthi dhAtvAdikiccato / alaM gandhAdinaM tesaM, takkiccenopaladdhito / / 69 / / 1. sattarasa cittaayu-ro| 2. vijJatti lkkhnnN-ro| 3. santatA mrnnaa-ro| 4. bhvntggijaadi-ro| 5. tattheva andhbdhirss-ro| 6. cakkhAdittaya hiinss-ro| 7-8. bhavantI ti-ro| 9-10. vuttmupprikkhitvaa-ro| 11. jiivitckknyc-ro| 12-13. cha pnycaasnyjinN-ro| 14-15. pnycdhaatvaadiniymaapaatthe-ro| 16. aphotttthbbppvttinN-ro| 17. c-ro| 19. takkicce noplddhito-ro| 66. 67. 18. gndhaadiinN-m|

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paricchedo] rUpasaGkhapo. 70. rUpe sappaTighattAdi', tattha ruppanato viya / ghaTTanaJca ravuppAda-ssaJjatthasseva hetutA / / 70 / / 71. [R7,B7 ] icchitabbamimekanta-mevaM pAThAvirodhato / atha vA tehi vijeyyaM, dasakaM navakaTThakaM / / 71 / / 72. sabbaM kAmabhave rUpaM, rUpe ekUnavIsati / asaJjInaM dasa gandha-rasojAhi ca brahmanaM / / 72 / / iti" saccasaGkepe rUpasaGgrepo nAma paThamo pricchedo| 1. sppttightttthaadi-ro| 2. ruppnntaa-ro| 3. 0ssnythssev-ro| 4. brhmnnN-ro| 5-6. rUpakkhandhavibhAgo nAma paThamo pricchedo-ro|

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2. khandhattayasaGgrepo nAma dutiyo paricchedo 73. 74. 75. 76. vedanAnubhavo' tedhA', sukhadukkhamupekkhayA / iTThAniTThAnubhavana-majjhAnubhavalakkhaNA / / 1 / / kAyikaM mAnasaM dukkhaM, sukhopekkhA ca vedanA / ekaM mAnasameveti, paJcadhindriyabhedato / / 2 / / yathA tathA vA saJjAnaM', sabbA satinibanadhanaM / chadhA chadvArasambhUta-phassajAnaM vasena sA / / 3 / / saGkhArA cetanA phasso, manakkArAyu saNThiti / takko cAro ca vAyAmo, pIti chandAdhimokkhako / / 4 / / saddhA sati hirottappaM, cAgo mettA matI puna / majjhattatA ca passaddhI", kAyacittavasA duve / / 5 / / lahutA" mudukammaca- pAguJjamujutA" tathA / dayA mudA" micchAvAcA, kammantAjIvasaMvaro / / 6 / / lobho doso ca moho ca, diTThi uddhaccameva ca / ahirIkaM" anottappaM, vicikicchitameva ca / / 7 / / 77. 78. 79. 1. vednaanubhaavo-ro| 2. tidhaa-ro| 3-4. tthaavaa-ro| 5. saannN-m| 6. chdvaar0-m| 7. chndodhimokkhko-m| 8. mti-m| 9. pn-ro| 10. pssddhi-ro| 11-12. lhutaa-mudukmmc-ro| 13. paagunyvujutaa-ro| 14. mudu-ro| 15-16. ahirikmnottppmvicikicchitmev-ro|

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paricchedo] 80. [ B8] khandhattayasaGgrepo mAno issA ca maccheraM, kukkuccaM thInamiddhakaM / iti eteva paJAsa, saGghArakkhandhasaJitA / / 8 / / byApAro cetanA phasso, phusanaM saraNaM tahiM / manakkAro pAlanAyu, samAdhi avisAratA / / 9 / / AropanAnumajjaTThA, takkacArA panIhanA / viriyaM pINanA pIti, chando tu kattukAmatA / / 10 / / adhimokkho nicchayo saddhA, pasAdo saraNaM sati / hirI pApajigucchA hi, ottappaM tassa bhIrutA / / 11 / / alaggo ca acaNDikkaM, cAgo mettA mati pana / yAthAvabodho majjhattaM, samavAhitalakkhaNaM / / 12 / / cha yugAni kAyacitta-daragAravathaddhatA- / akammaJattagelaJa-kuTilAnaM vinodanA / / 13 / / tAnuddhatAdithInAdi - diTThAdInaM yathAkkama / sesakAdiasaddhAdi-mAyAdInaM vipakkhino / / 14 / / dukkhApanayanakAmA", dayA modA pmodnaa| vacIduccaritAdInaM, virAmo viratittayaM / / 15 / / lobho doso ca moho ca, gedhacaNDamanandhatA / kamena diTThi duggAho, uddhaccaM bhantataM mataM / / 16 / / 85. [R8] 6. 87. 88. 1-2. mcchriyN-ro| 3. thinamiddhakaM-ma; sabbattha 'thi' iti| 4. etaani-ro| 5-6. ckkcaaraapniihnaa-ro| 7. vIriyaM-ma; sabbattha 'vI' iti| 8-9. hiripaapjigucchaa-ro| 10-11. tssbhiirutaa-ro| 12. mtii-ro| 13. ythaavbodho-ro| 14. smaapaaditlkkhnnN-ro| 15. kaaycittaadaargaarvthddhtaa-ro| 16-17. tAnuddhatAdi thInAdi ditttthaadiinN-ro| 18. sesAgAdi asaddhAdi maayaadiinN-ro| 19-20. dayA dukkhApanayanA kAmA mado pmdnaa-ro| 21-22. uddhccmbhnttaa-ro|

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90.[B9] saccasaLepe [ dutiyo ahirIkamalajjattaM', anottppmtaastaa| saMsayo vicikicchA hi, mAno unnatilakkhaNo / / 17 / / parassakasampattInaM', usUyA ca nigUhanA / issAmaccherakA tApo', katAkatassa socanA / / 18 / / thInaM cittassa saGkoco, akammattatA pana / middhamiccevametesaM, lakkhaNaJca naye budho / / 19 / / vedanAdisamAdhantA', satta sabbagasaJitA / takkAdiadhimokkhantA , cha pakiNNakanAmakA / / 20 / / saddhAdayo viramantA, araNA paJcavIsati / lobhAdimiddhakantAni", saraNAni catuddasa / / 21 / / issAmaccherakukkucca-dosA kAme dayA mudA / kAme rUpe ca sesA cha-cattAlIsa tidhAtujA / / 22 / / chandanicchayamajjhatta-manakkArA sauddhavA / dayAdI" paJca mAnAdI", cha yevApana soLasa / / 23 / / chandAdI" paJca niyatA , tatthekAdasa netarA / ahirIkamanottappaM", lokanAsanakaM dvayaM / / 24 / / ete dve mohuddhaccA ti, cattAro paapsbbgaa| lokapAladukaM vuttaM, hiriottappanAmakaM / / 25 / / 1. ahirik0-ro| 2. anottappamatA staa-ro| 3. prsksmpttiinN-ro| 4. usuyaa-ro| 5-6. issaamccherkaataapo-ro| 7-8. ktssaaktsocnaa-ro| 9. vedanAdi smaadhntaa-ro| 10. takkAdi adhimokkhntaa-ro| 11. lobhAdi middhkntaani-ro| 12. issA mccher0-ro| 13. chcttaaliis-ro| 14. dyaadi-ro| 15. maanaadi-ro| 16. ye vA pn-ro| 17-18. chndaadipnycniytaa-ro| 19. ahirikmnottppN-ro| 20-21. loknaasnkvyN-ro| 22-23. mohmuddhccaa-ro| 24. sbbpaapgaa-ro| 25. hiri ottppnaamh-ro|

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paricchedo ] 98. 99. 100. 101. 103. 104. 105. 102.[ R9,B10 ] diTThihekaggatAtakka-satIviratiyo pathA / 8 106. 107. khandhattayasaGkSepo ArammaNUpanijjhAnA', jhAnaGgA takkacArakA / pIti ekaggatA ceti, satta vittittayena ve / / 26 / / saddhA sati matekagga-dhiti lokavinAsakA / pAlakA nava cetAni balAni avikampato / / 27 / / ettha saddhAdipaJcAyu N, katvAtra' catudhA matiM / vedanAhi dvisattete, indriyAnAdhipaccato / / 28 / / manarUpindriyehete, sabbe indriyanAmakA / bAvIsati bhavantAyu- -dvayaM tvekasaGgrahaM / / 29 / / , aTTha niyyAnato Adi-caturo bhitvAna dvAdasa / / 30 / / phasso ca cetanA caiva dvevetthAhAraNatthato / AhArA manavojAhi, bhavanti caturothavA / / 31 / / hetu mUlaTThato pApe, lobhAdittayamIritaM / kusalAbyAkate cApi, alobhAdittayaM tathA / / 32 / / diTThilobhadusA kamma-pathApAyassa maggato / tabbipakkhA sugatiyA, tayo ti cha pathIritA / / 33 / / 15 passaddhAdiyugAni cha, vaggattA yugaLA tu / 17 18 upakArA sati 1. ArammaNupanijjhAnA- ro / 4. saddhAdi paJcAyu-ro | 6. bhvntaayudddvyN-ro| 8. bhetvA - ro / 16 10. caturo thvaa-ro| 13. diTThilobhA dusA - ro / 15. yuglaani-ro| 18. bahUpakAra bhAvato-ro / oghAharaNato yogA yojanenAbhavaggato / savanenAsavA diTThi mohejettha dudhA lubho / / 35 / / ca, bahUpakArabhAvato / / 34 / / 15 2- 3. ca navetAni - ro / 5. katvAttra- ro / 7. diTThi hekaggatA takkasativiratiyo-ro | 9. dvevettha AhAraNatthato-ro / 11-12. hetumUlaTThato-ro / 14. passaddhAdi yugAni - ro / 16-17. satiddhi-ro /

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saccasaLepe [ dutiyo 110. daLhaggAhena diDhejA, upAdAnaM tidhA tahiM / diTThidosena te ganthA, ganthato diTThiha dvidhA' / / 36 / / 109. paJcAvaraNato kAma-kavAdosuddhavaM tapo / thInamiddhaJca mohena, cha vA nIvaraNAnitha / / 37 / / katvA tApuddhavaM ekaM, thInamiddhaJca vuccati / kiccassAhArato ceva, vipakkhassa ca lesato / / 38 / / 111. [ B11] diTejuddhavadosandha-kaDhAthInunnatI dasa / / lokanAsayugenete, kilesA cittaklesato / / 39 / / 112. lobhadosamUhamAna-diTThikaGkhissamaccharA / saMyojanAni diDhejA, bhitvA bandhanato dudhA / / 40 / / 113. tAni mohuddhavaMmAna-kavAdosejadiTThiyo / dudhA diTThi tidhA lobhaM , bhitvA sutte dasIritA / / 41 / / 114. dihrilobhamUhamAna-dosakaGkhA tahiM dudhA / katvA lobhamime sattA-nusayA samudIritA / / 42 / / 115. diTThi eva parAmAso, ayyo evaM samAsato / attho saGkhArakkhandhassa, vutto vuttAnusArato / / 43 / / iti saccasaGkepe khandhattayasaGkepo nAma dutiyo pricchedo| 1-2. ditttthihddvidhaa-ro| 3-4. kAmakaGkhA dsddhvnnpo-ro| 5. niivrnnaanythaa-ro| 6. vipkkss-ro| 7. 0kaGkhA thInunnatI-ro; 0 klaathinunnnntii-m| 8. klesaa-ro| 9. cittkilesto-ro| 10. 0 mccheraa-ro| 11. mohuddhaccamAnakaGkhA dosejditttthiyo-ro| 12-13. lobhmbhitvaa-ro| 14. dseritaa-ro| 15. sttnusyaa-ro| 16. yev-ro| 17-18. vedanAdikhandhattayavibhAgo nAma dutiyo pricchedo-ro|

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3. cittapavattiparidIpano nAma tatiyo paricchedo 117. 118. 116. [ R10] cittaM visayaggAhaM taM, pAkApAkadato dudhA / kusalAkusalaM pubbaM, paramabyAkataM mataM / / 1 / / kusalaM tattha kAmAdi-bhUmito catudhA siyA / aTTha paJca ca cattAri, cattAri kamato kathaM / / 2 / / somanassamatiyutta-masaGghAramanekakaM / sasaGkhAramanaJcekaM, tathA hInamatI dvayaM / / 3 / / 119. tathopekkhAmatiyuttaM, matihInaM ti aTThadhA / kAmAvacarapujettha , bhijjate vedanAdito / / 4 / / 120. [ B12] dAnaM sIlaJca bhAvanA, pattidAnAnumodanA / veyyAvaccApacAyaJca, desanA suti diTThiju / / 5 / / 121. etesvekamayaM hutvA, vatthu nissAya vA na vA / dvArahInAdiyonInaM, gatiyAdippabhedavA / / 6 / / 122. tikAlikaparittAdi-gocaresvekamAdiya / udeti kAlamuttaM vA, matihInaM vinAmalaM / / 7 / / 1. kAmAdi bhuumito-ro| 2-3. cattAri c-m| 4. 0msngghaarmnmekN-m| 5. hiinmti-m| 6. mati hiinN-ro| 7. kaamaavcrpunyjtthetth-ro| 8-9. sutiditthtthju-ro| 10-11. nvaa-ro| 12. tikAlikaparittAdi gocaresvekaM aadiyaa-ro| 13. mati hiinN-ro| 14. vinA mlN-ro|

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125. saccasaGkepe [ tatiyo chagocaresu rUpAdi-paJcakaM paJca gocarA / sesaM rUpamarUpaJca', paJatti chaTThagocarA / / 8 / / 124. ANayuttavaraM tattha, datvA sandhiM tihetukaM / pacchA paccati pAkAnaM, pavatte aTThake duve / / 9 / / tesu yeva nihInaM tu, datvA sandhiM duhetukaM / deti dvAdasa pAke ca, pavatte dhIyutaM vinA / / 10 / / 126. evaM dhIhInamukkaTTha, sandhiyaJca pavattiyaM / hInaM panubhayatthA pi, hetuhIneva paccati / / 11 / / 127. kAmasugatiyaM yeva, bhavabhogadadaM idaM / rUpApAye pavatteva, paccate anurUpato / / 12 / / vitakkacArapItIhi, sukhekaggayutaM manaM / Adi cArAdipItAdi- sukhAdIhi paraM tayaM / / 13 / / 129. upekkhekaggatAyanta-mAruppaJcevamaGgato" / paJcadhA rUpapulaM tu, hotArammaNato pana / / 14 / / 130. AdissAsubhamantassu-pekkhA mettAdayo tayo / Ado catun paJcannaM, sassAsakasiNAni tu / / 15 / / 131. nabhatammanatassuJa-taccittacatugocare / kamenAtikkamAruppa-pulaM hoti catubbidhaM / / 16 / / 132. [ B13] amalaM santimArabbha, hoti taM maggayogato / catudhA pAdakajjhAna-bhedato puna vIsati / / 17 / / 128. 1. cha gocresu-ro| 3-4. pnycgocraa-ro| 7. vitkkaacaarpiitiihi-ro| 9. cArAdi piitaadi-ro| 11. ssaasksinnaani-ro| 2. rUpAdi pnyckN-ro| 5-6. sesruupmruupnyc-ro| 8. sukhekgg-utN-ro| 10. 0 mAruppaM yevmyevmnggto-ro|

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paricchedo ] 133. 134. [ R11] 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. cittapavattiparidIpano diTTikaGkhAnudaM' Adi', kAmadosatanUkaraM / paraM paraM taducchedI, antaM sesakanAsakaM / / 18 / / evaM bhUmittayaM puJJa, bhAvanAmayamettha hi / paThamaM vatyuM nissAya, dutiyaM ubhayena pi / / 19 / / tatiye Adi nissAya, sesA nissAya' vA na vA / honti AdidvayaM tattha, sAdheti sakabhUbhavaM / / 20 / / 7 sAdhetAnuttaraM santiM, a 10 jhAnUdayaphalattA N na, phaladAnA pisambhavA / / 21 / / nAJabhUphaladaM kammaM, rUpapAkassa gocaro / sakammagocaro yeva, na cayamasambhava / / 22 / / pApaM kAmikamevekaM, hetuto taM dvidhA puna / mUlato tividhaM lobha-dosamohavasA siyA / / 23 / / somanassakudiTThIhi, yuttamekamasaGgharaM" / 12 sasaGghAramanaJcekaM, hInadiTThadvayaM tathA / / 24 / / upekkhAdiTThiyuttampi tathA diTThiviyuttakaM / vedanAdiTThiAdIhi, lobhamUlevamaTThadhA / / 25 / 13 12. diTThi kngkssmidmaadi-ro| 4-5. sesAnissAya - ro / 7. panidha ev-ro| 10. caJJo yamasambhavo-ro / 12. 0 ditthtthiddvyN-ro| 14. vedanA diTThi AdIhi - ro / 16. vatthaM - ro / , sadukkhadosAsaGghAraM itaraM dosamUlakaM / > . 15 mohamUlampi sopekkhaM, kaGkhuddhaccayutaM dvidhA / / 26 / / tattha dosadvayaM vatyuM ", nissAyevitare pana | 17 18 nissAya vA na vA honti, vadhAdisahitA kathaM / / 27 / / 19 3. sesAghanAsakaM - ro / 6. aadiddvyN-ro| 8- 9. jhAnodaya phalattAna- phldaanaa-ro| 11. uttamekamasaGgharaM - ro / 13. upekkhA diTThi uttampi-ro / 15. kaGkhuddhaccautaM - ro / 17-18. navA - ro /

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143. 144. | B14] 147. 18 saccasa pe [tatiyo pharussavacabyApAdA', sadosena salobhato / kudiTThimethunAbhijjhA, sesA kammapathA dvibhi / / 28 / / sandhiM catUsvapAyesu', deti sabbattha vuttiyaM / paccate gocaraM tassa, sakalaM amalaM vinA / / 29 / / 145. abyAkataM dvidhA pAka-kriyA tatthAdi bhUmito / catudhA kAmapAketthaM, puJapAkAdito dudhA / / 30 / / 146. puJjapAkA dvidhAhetu-sahetU ti dviraTThakA / / ahetU paJca ANAni", gahaNaM tIraNA ubho / / 31 / / kAyajANaM sukhI tattha , somanassAdi tIraNaM / sopekkhAni cha sesAni, sapucaM va sahetukaM / / 32 / / 148. kevalaM sandhibhavaGga-tadAlambacutibbasA / jAyate sesametassa", pubbe vuttanayA naye / / 33 / / manussavinipAtInaM, sandhAdi antatIraNaM / hoti aJjana kammena, sahetU pi ahetunaM / / 34 / / 150. pApajA puJjajAhetu-samA tIraM" vinAdikaM / sadukkhaM kAyavijJANaM, aniTThArammaNA ime / / 35 / / 151. te sAtagocarA tesu, dvidvAnaM AditIraNaM / paJcaTThAnAparA dve te, parittavisayAkhilA / / 36 / / 152. sampaTicchadvipaJcannaM, paJca rUpAdayo tahiM / paccuppannA va sesAnaM, pAkAnaM cha tikAlikA / / 37 / / 1-2. pharusavadhabbayApAdAso dosen-ro| 3-4. kammapathAti hi-ro| 5. ctusvpaayesu-ro| 6-7. sklmmlN-ro| 8. kaampaahetth-ro| 9-10. ahetupnynyaannaani-ro| 11. tirnnaa-ro| 12-13. sukhiiltth-ro| 14-15. somnssaaditiirnnN-ro| 16. se pekkhaani-ro| 17. 0cutiivsaa-ro| 18. seseme tss-ro| 19. shetu-m| 20-21. puJajA hetU smaatiirN-ro| 22-23. dvitthaanmaaditiirnnN-ro| 24. parittavisayA khilaa-ro| 149.

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paricchedo] cittapavattiparidIpano 21 154. 155. 157. 153. [ R12] rUpArUpavipAkAnaM, sabbaso sadisaM vade / sakapuJjana sandhAdi-sakiccattayataM vinA / / 38 / / samAnuttarapAkA pi, sakapuJjena sabbaso / hitvA mokkhamukhaM taM hi, dvidhA magge tidhAphale / / 39 / / kriyA tidhAmalAbhAvA', bhUmito tattha kAmikA / dvidhA hetusahetU ti, tidhAhetu tahiM kathaM / / 40 / / 156. [ B15) AvajjahasitAvajjA, sopekkhasukhupekkhavA / paJcachakAmAvacarA, sakalArammaNA ca te / / 41 / / saheturUparUpA" ca, sakapaaMvArahato / vuttiyA na phale purpha, yathA chinnalatA phalaM / / 42 / / 158. anAsevanayAvajja-dvayaM puthujjanassa hi / na phale vattamAnampi, moghapuSpaM phalaM yathA / / 43 / / 159. tisatta dvicha chattisa, catupaJca" yathAkkamaM / punaM pApaM phalaM kriyA", ekUnanavutIvidhaM" / / 44 / / sandhi bhavaGgamAvajja, dassanAdikapaJcakaM / gahatIraNavoTThabba-javataggocaraM cuti / / 45 / / 161. iti esaM dvisattannaM, kiccavuttivasAdhunA / cittappavatti chadvAre", sopA vuccate kathaM / / 46 / / 1. sandhAdi skkiccttyN-ro| 2. skpujehi-ro| 3-4. tahi -ro| 5. tidhphle-ro| 6. tidhA mlaabhaavaa-ro| 7. bhummito-ro| 8-9. dvidhaahetu-shetuu-ro| 10. tidhA hetu-ro| 11. sopekkhA sukhupekkhvaa-ro| 12-13. paJca cha kaamaavcrsklaarmmnnaa-ro| 14. sheturuupaaruupaa-ro| 15. sakapucha vrhto-ro| 16. anAsevanayA vjjdvyN-ro| 17. pothujjnss-ro| 18. catu pnyc-ro| 19-20. pujpaapphlkkriyaa-ro| 21. ekuunnvutibbidhN-ro| 22-23. sndhibhvnggmaavjj-ro| 24-25. jvmggocrccuti-ro| 26. chddvaare-ro| .23 160.

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22 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. [ B16] 170. 171. 172. [ R13 ] saccasape kAme sarAginaM kamma-nimittAdi cutikkhaNe / khAyate manaso yeva, sesAnaM kammagocaro || 47 / / 1 - 2. javobhave - ro | 4. visayAdi navacchAdana manakkhipakehi ro / 5. na manampi - ro | 6-7. kusalAvabhavantiha - ro / 9. pubbacittato-ro / upaTThitaM tamArabbha, paJcavAraM javo' bhave' / tadAlambaM tato tamhA, cuti hoti javehi vA / / 48 / / avijjAtaNhAsaGghAra-sahajehi apAyinaM / visayAdInavacchAdi-namanakkhipakehi tu / / 49 / / 4 5 appahInehi sesAnaM, chAdanaM namanampi ca / 7 khipakA pana saGghArA, kuvanti / / 50 / / kiccattaye kate evaM, kammadIpitagocare / tajjaM vatyuM sahuppannaM, nissAya vA na vA tahiM / / 51 / / tajjA sandhi siyA hitvA, antarataM bhavantare / antarattaM vinA dUre, paTisandhi kathaM bhave / / 52 / / iheva kammataNhAdi-hetuto 10 cittaM dUre siyA dIpaM paTighosAdikaM yathA / / 53 / / nAsaJa cavamAnassa, nimittaM na cutI ca yaM / uddhaM sandhinimittaM kiM, paccayo pi kanantaro / / 54 / / pubbabhave cuti dAni, kAme jAyanasandhiyA / aJJacittantarAbhAvA, hotAnantarakAraNaM / / 55 / / bhavantarakataM kammaM, yamokAsaM labhe tato / hoti sA sandhi teneva, upaTThApitagocare / / 56 / / yasmA cittavirAgattaM, kAtuM nAsakkha sabbaso / tasmA sAnusayasseva, punupapatti siyA bhave / / 57 / / [ tatiyo 3. avijjA tahA saGghArasahajehi-ye / 8. kammataNhAdi hetuto-ro / 10. kvanantaro - ro /

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23 paricchedo] cittapavattiparidIpano 173. paJcadvAre siyA sandhi, vinA kammaM dvigocare / bhavasandhAnato sandhi, bhavaGgaM taM tadaGgato / / 58 / / 174. tamevante cuti' tasmiM, gocare cavanena tu / ekasantatiyA evaM, uppattiTThitibhedakA / / 59 / / 175. athArammaNApAtha-gate cittanantarassa hi / hetusaGkhyaM bhavaGgassa, dvikkhattuM calanaM bhave / / 60 / / 176. ghaTTite ajJavatthumhi, aJanissitakampanaM / ekAbaddhana hotI ti, sakkharopamatA vade / / 61 / / 177. manodhAtukriyAvajjaM, tato hoti sakiM bhave / dassanAdi sakadvAra-gocaro gahaNaM tato / / 62 / / 178. santarINaM tato tamhA, voTThabbaJca sakiM tato / sattakkhattuM javo kAme, tamhA tadanurUpato / / 63 / / 179. tadAlambadvikaM tamhA, bhavaGgatimahantari / / javA mahante voTThabbA, paritte nitare manaM / / 64 / / vohabbassa paritte tu, dvattikkhattuM javo viya / vadanti vuttiM taM pAThe anAsevanato na hi / / 65 / / 181. niyamo pidha cittassa, kammAdiniyamo viya / ayyo ambopamAdIhi , dassetvA taM sudIpaye / / 66 / / 182. [ B17] manodvAretarAvajja", bhavaGgamhA siyA tato / javo kAme vibhUte tu, kAmavhe visaye tato / / 67 / / 1. cutii-ro| 2. vcnen-ro| 3. athArammaNA paatthgte-ro| 4. ajJanissitA kmpnN-ro| 5. sngkhaaropmyaa-ro| 6. tto-ro| 7. skdvaargocre-ro| 8. bhavaGganti mhntri-ro| 9-10. prittenittre-ro| 11-12. tmpaatthe-ro| 13. kammAdi niymo-ro| 14. ambopmaadiini-ro| 15. manodvAretarA vjj-ro| 16. kaamke-ro| 180.

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saccasalepe [tatiyo 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. kAmInaM tu tadAlambaM, bhavaGga tu tato siyA / avibhUte paritte ca', bhavaGgaM javato bhave / / 68 / / avibhUte vibhUte ca, parite aparittake / javA yeva bhavaGgaM tu, brahmAnaM catugocare / / 69 / / mahaggataM panArabbha, javite dosasaMyute / viruddhattA bhavaGga na', kiM siyA sukhasandhino / / 70 / / upekkhAtIraNaM hoti, parittenAvajjaM kathaM / niyamo na vinAvajjaM', maggato phalasambhavA / / 71 / / mahaggatAmalA" sabbe, javA gotrabhuto" siyuM / nirodhA ca phaluppatti, bhavaGga javanAdito / / 72 / / sahetusAsavA pAkA, tIraNA dve cupekkhakA / ime sandhi" bhavaGgA ca, cuti cekUnavIsati / / 73 / / dve dve AvajjanAdIni, gahaNantAni tINi tu / santIraNAni ekaM va, voTThabbamiti" nAmakaM / / 74 / / aTTha kAmamahApAkA", tINi santIraNAni ca / ekAdasa bhavantete, tadArammaNanAmakA / / 75 / / kusalAkusalaM sabaM, kriyA cAvajjavajjitA / phalAni paJcapaJjAsa', javanAni bhavantime / / 76 / / iti23 saccasaGkepe cittapavattiparidIpano nAma tatiyo pricchedo24| 188. 189. 190. [R14] 191. 1-2. caapritte-ro| 3. caaprittke-ro| 4-5. bhvnggntaa-ro| 6. sukhsndhite-ro| 7. upekkhA tiirnnN-ro| 8. paritte naavjj-ro| 9. vinA vjj-ro| 10. mahaggatA mlaa-ro| 11. gotrbhuto-ro| 12. sahetu saasvaa-ro| 13-14. sndhibhvnggaa-ro| 15. cekUna viisti-ro| 16-17. eknyc-ro| 18-19. vottttbbmitinaamkN-m| 20-21. atttthkaammhaapaakaa-ro| 22. paJca pnyjaas-ro| 23-24. cittappavattivibhAgo nAma tatiyo pricchedo-ro|

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4. vijJANakkhandhapakiNNakanayasaGgrepo nAma - catutyo paricchedo 192. [ B18 ] ekAdhAdinayodAni, pATavatthAya yoginaM / vuccate visayaggAhA, sabbamekavidhaM manaM / / 1 / / 193. ekAsIti tibhUmaTuM, lokiyaM suttaraJca taM / sesaM lokuttaraM aTTha, anuttaraJcitI dvidhA / / 2 / / 194. lokapAkakriyAhetU, cekahetU ti sattahi / tiMsa nAdhipati sAdhi-pati sesA ti pI dvidhA / / 3 / / chandacittIhavImaMsA svekena matimA yutaM / vinA vImaMsamekena, ANahInamanaM yutaM / / 4 / / parittAnappamANAni, mahaggatamanAniti / tidhA chanava"caTTha ca', tinavA" ca yathAkkamaM / / 5 / / 197. dvipaJca cittaM viANaM, tisso hi manadhAtuyo / chasattati manoANa-dhAtU ti tividhA puna / / 6 / / 195. 196. 1. pttuvddddaay-m| 4. lokapAkakkriyA hetu-ro| 6-7. tiNsnaadhipti-ro| 9-10. sesaaniitidvidhaa-ro| 12-13. mtimaayutN-ro| 15. cha nv-ro| 17. nvaa-ro| 19. cha sttti-ro| 2-3. anuttaraJca iti-dvidhaa-ro| 5. ceka hetuu-ro| * 8. saadhiiptii-ro| 11. chndvittihviimNsaa-ro| 14. mahaggatamanAni ti-ro| 16. caati-ro| 18. mnodhaatuyo-m| 20. mano aanndhaatuu-ro|

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26 199. saccasaGkepe [ catuttho 198. ekArammaNacittAni, anabhije mahaggataM / amanaM paJcavijJANaM', navapaJca bhavantime / / 7 / / paJcAlambaM manodhAtu, sAbhinaM kAmadhAtujaM / sesaM chArammaNaM taM hi, tecattAlIsa saGkhyato / / 8 / / 200. kAmapAkadusA cAdi-maggo cAdikriyA duve / rUpA sabbetirUpe na', tecattAlIsa hontime / / 9 / / 201. vinA va rUpenAruppa-vipAkA caturo siyuM / dvecattAlIsa sesAni, vattantubhayathA pi ca / / 10 / / 202. catudhA pi ahetveka-dvihetukatihetuto / aTThArasa dve bAvIsa, sattacattAlisaM bhave / / 11 / / 203. [ B19] kAme" javA savoTThabbA, abhijJAdvayameva ca / rUpiriyApathavijJatti-karAme caturaTThakA / / 12 / / 204. chabbIsati javA" sesA", karA rUpiriyApathe / dvipaJcamanavajjAni", kAmarUpaphalAni ca / / 13 / / 205. [R15] AdikriyA ti cekUna-vIsa rUpakarA" ime / sesA cuddasa bhinnAva-cuti sandhi na tINi pi / / 14 / / 206. ekakiccAdito paJca-vidhA tatthekakiccakA / dvipaJcacittaM javanaM, manodhAtuTThasaTThime / / 15 / / 1. paJca vicaannN-ro| 2. nava pnyc-ro| 3. tecttaaliis-ro| 4. cAdi mggo-ro| 5-6. rUpe sbbettyruupen-ro| 7. ticttaaliis-ro| 8. dve cttaaliis-ro| 9-10. aTThArasadvebAvIsa-satta-cattALIsa smbhve-ro| 11-12. kaamejvaa-ro| 13. abhijnyaadvymev-ro| 14. ruupiyaapth-vijnyttikraame-ro| 15-16. java sesaa-ro| 17. ruupiiriyaapthe-ro| 18. dvipaJca mnvjjaani-ro| 19-20. cekuunviisruupkraa-ro| 21. bhinnaaghcuti-ro| 22. mnodhaatvtttthstttthime-ro|

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27 210. paricchedo] vijJANakkhandhapakiNNakanayasaGgrepo 207. dvikiccAdIni voTThabda, sukhatIraM mahaggate / pAkA kAmamahApAkA, sesA tIrA yathAkkamaM / / 16 / / 208. dassanaM savanaM diTuM, sutaM ghAyanakAdikaM / tayaM mutaM manodhAtu-ttayaM diTuM sutaM mutaM / / 17 / / 209. dilai sutaM mutaM AtaM, sAbhinaM sesakAmikaM / vijJAtArammaNaM sesa-mevaM chabbidhamIraye / / 18 / / sattadhA sattavijJANa-dhAtUnaM tu vasA bhave / vuccatedAni tasseva, anantaranayakkamo / / 19 / / 211. pu svAdidvayA kAme, rUpapuJamanantakaM / tappAdakuttarAnantaM, bhavaGgaJcAditIraNaM / / 20 / / dutiyantadvayA tIraM, bhavaGgaM tatiyadvayA / te anantAmalaM pujhaM, majjhattaJca mahaggataM / / 21 / / 213. sabbavAre sayaJceti, tepAsa tisatta ca / tettisa ca bhavantete, rUpesu pana puJato / / 22 / / 214. tappAkA ca matiyutta-kAmapAkA sayaM dasa / AruppapuJato te ca, sako pAko sayaM puna / / 23 / / adhopAkA ca antamhA, tatiyaJca phalantime / dasekadvitipaJcAhi', maggA cekaM sakaM phalaM / / 24 / / 216. [ B20] lobhamUlekahetUhi, antakAmasubhA viya / satta" dosadvayA" kAma-bhavaGgupekkhavA sayaM / / 25 / / 212. 215. 1. seskaamin-ro| 3. pujesvaadidvyaa-ro| 5. ttiyvyaa-ro| 7. tettiNsaa-ro| 9. 0pnychi-ro| 12. 0pekkhnaa-ro| 2. vuccate daani-ro| 4. dutiyntdvyaa-ro| 6. caanntaamlN-ro| 8. adho paako-ro| 10-11. sttdosvyaa-ro|

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28 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. [ R16] kAme javA bhavaGgA ca kAmarUpe sayampi vA / navapaJca N sahetAdi-kiriyadvayato na / / 32 / / 7 224. 225. 226. saccasape mahApAkatihetUhi, sAvajjA sabbasandhiyo / kAmaccutIhi' sesAhi, sAvajjA kAmasandhiyo / / 26 / / kAmaccuti ca voTTabbaM, sayaJca sukhatIrato / paTicchA' tIraNAni dve, itarA sakatIraNaM / / 27 / / sakaM sakaM paTicchaM tu, viJJANehi dvipaJcahi / rUpapAkehi sAvajjA, sandhiyohetuvajjitA / / 28 / / arUpapAkesvAdimhA, kAmapAkA tihetukA / antAvajjampi cAruppa - pAkA ca nava hontime / / 29 / / dutiyAdIhi te yeva, adhopAkaM vinA vinA / phalA tihetukA pAkA, sayaJceti catuddasa / / 30 / / dvipaJcAdikriyA hAsA, sayaJcAruppavajjitA / 6 JaNayuttabhavaGgA ti, dasa voTThabbato pana / / 31 / / sayaM bhavaGgamatimA, rUpe sAtakriyA pica / tappAdakantimaJceti", bAvIsa tatiyA pana / / 33 / / te ca pAkA sayaJcante", phalaM" majjhA mahaggatA / kriyA ti vIsati honti, sesadvIhi dukehi tu / / 34 / / vRttapAkA sayaJceti, cuddasevaM kriyAjavA " / tadArammaNaM" muJcitvA, paTThAnanayato naye / / 35 / / 15 14 1. kAmacutIhi - ro / 3-4. paTicchA-tIraNAnidddve-ro / 6. dvipaJcAdi kriyaa-ro| 9. sAtakkriyA- ro; evamagge pi / 11-12. pAkAsaJcantephalaM- ro / 14-15. tadAlambaM vimuJcitvA - ro / [ catutho 2. kAmacuti - ro / 5. sandhiyo hetuvajjitA - ro / 7- 8. nava paJca sahetvAdi kiriyAdvayato-ro / 10. tappAdakaM timaJceti-ro / 13. kriyA jvaa-ro|

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228. 230. 231. paricchedo] vivANakkhanyapakiNNakanayasalepo 29 227. atha sAtakriyA sAtaM, sesaM sesakriyA pi ca / tadAlambaM yathAyogaM, vade aTThakathAnayA / / 36 / / mahaggatA kriyA sabbA, sakapuJjasamA tahiM / antA phalantimaM hoti, ayameva visesatA / / 37 / / 229. [ B21] imassAnantaraM dhammA, ettakA ti pakAsitA / imaM panettakehI ti, vuccateyaM nayodhunA / / 38 / / dvIhi kAmajavA tIhi, rUpArUpA catUhi ca / maggA chahi phalAdi dve, sesA dve pana sattahi / / 39 / / ekamhA dasa paJcahi, paTicchA sukhatIraNaM / kAme dosakriyAhIna-javehi gahato sakA / / 40 / / kAme javA kriyAhInA, tadAlambA svotttthbbaa| sagahaJceti tettisaM-cittehi paratIraNA / / 41 / / kAmapuJasukhItIra-kaNhavoTThabbato dvayaM / mahApAkantimaM hoti, anAruppacutIhi ca / / 42 / / sattatisaM panetAni, ettha hitvA dusadvayaM / etehi paJcatiMsehi, jAyate dutiyadvayaM / / 43 / / sukhatIrAdi sattete, kriyato cA pi sambhavA / ayyA sesAni cattAri, bhavaGgena ca labbhare / / 44 / / maggavajjA savoTThabba- sukhitiirjvaakhilaa"| cutI ti navakaTThAhi , tatiyadvayamAdise / / 45 / / 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 1. viseskaa-ro| 2. myodhunaa-ro| 3-4. phlaadive-ro| 5. doskkriyaa0-ro| 6. tettiMsa cittehi-ro| 7. tiirnnaaprN-ro| 8. dusdvyN-ro| 9. dutiydvyN-ro| 10-11. savoTThabbA sukhItIrajavA khilaa-ro| 12. nvktttthhi-ro|

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30 238. 239. 240. saccasaGpe [ catutyo etehi dosavajjehi, sattatIhitaradvayaM / rUpapAkA vinAruppa -pAkAhetuduhetuke / / 46 / / tehevekUnasaTThIhi, hontiruppAdikaM vinA / hAsAvajje jave rUpe, aTThachakkehi tehi tu / / 47 / / sAdhopAkehi teheva, dutiyAdIni attanA / adhodhojavahInehi, ekekUnehi jAyare / / 48 / / sukhItIrabhavaGgAni, sayaJcA ti tisattahi / antAvajja anAruppa-bhavaGgehi panetaraM / / 49 / / 241. vuttAnantarasaGghAto, nayo dAni anekadhA / puggalAdippabhedA pi, pavatti tassa vuccate / / 50 / / 242.[R17,B22] puthujjanassa jAyante, diTThikalAyutAni ve / sekkhassevAmalA satta, anantAnitarassa tu / / 51 / / 243. antAmalaM anAvajja-kriyA cekUnavIsati / kusalAkusalA sesA, honti sekkhaputhujjane / / 52 / / itarAni panAvajja-dvayaM pAkA ca sAsavA / tiNNannampi siyuM evaM, paccadhA sattabhedato / / 53 / / 245. kAme soLasa ghAnAdi-ttayaM dosamahAphalA / rUpArUpe sapAko ti, paJcavIsati ekajA / / 54 / / 246. kAmapAkA ca sesAdi-maggo AdikriyA duve / rUpe javA ti bAvIsa , dvijA sesA tidhAtujA / / 55 / / 244. 1. stttiihitrvyN-ro| 2-3. vinAruppapAkA hetu duhetuke-ro| 4. hontyaaruppaadikN-ro| 5. aTTha chkkehi-ro| 6. sekkhasseva mlaa-ro| 7. panAvajja dvyN-ro| 8. ghaannaadittyN-ro| 9. spaakaa-ro| 10. v-ro| 11-12. sesAdi maggo cAdi kriyaa-ro| 13-14. baaviisdvijaa-ro|

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248. 249. 250. 252. paricchedo] vivANakkhanthapakiNNakanayasaGgrepo 247. vitthAro pi ca bhUmIsu', ayyo kAmasubhAsubhaM / hAsavajjamahetuJca, apAye sattatisime / / 56 / / hitvA mahaggate pAke, asIti sesakAmisu / cakkhusotamanodhAtu, tIraNaM voTThabbampica / / 57 / / dosahInajavA so so, pAko rUpe anAriye / paJcasaTThi chasaTThI tu, parittAbhAdisu tIsu / / 58 / / AdipaJcAmalA kalA-diTThiyutte vinA tahiM / te yeva paJcapaJAsa, jAyare suddhabhUmIsu' / / 59 / / 251. AdimaggadusAhAsa - rUpahInajavA sako / pAko voTThabbanaJcA ti, ticattAlIsaM siyu nabhe / / 60 / / adhodhomanavajjA te, pAko ceva sako sako / dutiyAdIsu jAyante, dve dve UnA tato tato / / 61 / / 253. arUpesvekamekasmiM rUpesvAdittike pi ca / tike ca tatiye ekaM, dve honti dutiyattike / / 62 / / antimaM rUpapAkaM tu, chasu vehapphalAdisu / kAmasugatiyaM yeva, mahApAkA pavattare / / 63 / / 255. ghAyanAdittayaM kAme, paTighadvayameva ca / sattarasesu paThamaM, amalaM mAnavAdisu / / 64 / / 256. ariyApAyavajjesu, caturAdipphalAdikA / apAyAruppavajjesu, hAsarUpasubhakriyaM / / 65 / / 1. bhummiisu-ro| 2-3. tiirvotttthpnmpi-ro| 4. anriye-ro| 5. chstttthi-ro| 6. prittaabhaadiisu-m| 7. kaGkhA ditttthiyutte-ro| 8. paJca pcaas-ro| 9. suddhibhummisu-ro| 10. aadimggdushaas-ro| 11. votttthpnnycaa-ro| 12. titaaliisaa-ro| 13. adhodho mnvjjaa-ro| 14. mahA paakaa-ro| 15. khaannaadikttyN-ro| 16. pttighvymev-ro| 17. cturodipphlaadikaa-m| 18. apaayrupp0-ro| 19. haasruupsubhkkriyaa-ro| 254. [ B23]

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32 257. ok 261. saccasaGkepe [ catuttho apAyuddhattayaM hitvA, hotAkAsasubhakriyaM / tathApAyuddhadve hitvA, vijJANakusalakriyaM / / 66 / / 258. bhavaggApAyavajjesu, AkiJcaJasubhakriyaM / diTThikalAyutA suddhe, vinA sabbAsu bhUmisu / / 67 / / 259. amalAni ca tINante, bhavagge ca subhakriyA / mahAkriyA ca hontete, terasevAnapAyisu / / 68 / / 260. [ R18 ] anAruppe manodhAtu, dassanaM savatIraNaM / kAme aniTThasaMyoge', brahmAnaM pApajaM phalaM / / 69 / / voTThabbaM kAmapuJaJca, diTThihInaM sauddhavaM / cuddasetAni cittAni, jAyare tiMsabhUmisu / / 70 / / 262. indriyAni duve anta-dvayavajjesvahetusu / tINi kaGketarAhetu", pApe cattAri terasa / / 71 / / 263. cha ANahIne tabbanta-sAsave satta nimmale / cattAlIse panaDevaM, ayyamindriyabhedato / / 72 / / dve balAni ahetvanta-dvaye tINi tu saMsaye / cattAritarapApe cha, honti sesaduhetuke / / 73 / / 265. ekUnAsIticittesu, matiyuttesu satta tu / abalAni hi sesAni, viriyantaM balaM bhave / / 74 / / 1. subhkkriyN-ro| 2. tathApAyuddha dve-ro| 3. 0 kuslkkriyN-ro| 4. subhkkriyN-ro| 5. subhkkriyaa-ro| 6. mahA kriyaa-ro| 7-8. dassanassa va tiirnnN-ro| 9. aniTTha sNyoge-ro| 10. brhmaannN-ro| 11. diThThi hiinN-ro| 12. tiMsa bhummisu-ro| 13. kaGgretarA hetu-ro| 14. tabbanta saasve-ro| 15-16. sttnimmle-ro| 17. cttaaliis-ro| 18. beyyaamindriybhedto-ro| 19. ahetvanta dvye-ro| 20. cattArItara paape-ro| 21. sesa duhetuke-ro| 22. ekUnAsIti cittesu-ro| 23. vIriyantaM-ma; sabbattha 'vI' iti| 264.

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33 paricchedo] vijANakkhandhapakiNNakanayasaGgrepo 266. [ B24] ajhAnaGgAni upaJca', takkantA hi tadaGgatA / jhAne pItiviratte ta-ppAdake amale duve / / 75 / / 267. tatiye sAmale tINi, cattAri dutiye tathA / kAme nippItike cA pi, paJcaGgAni hi sesake / / 76 / / 268. maggA dve saMsaye diTThi-hInasesAsubhe tayo / duhetuketare suddha-jjhAne ca dutiyAdike / / 77 / / 269. cattAro paJca paThama-jhAnakAmatihetuke / sattAmale dutiyAdi-jhAnike aTTha sesake / / 78 / / 270. hetvantato hi maggassa, amaggaGgamahetukaM / cha maggaGgayutaM natthi, balehi pi ca paJcahi / / 79 / / - 271. sukhitIratadAlamba, iDhe pujupekkhavA / iTThamajhetaraM hoti, tabbipakkhe tu gocare / / 80 / / 272. dosadvayA tadAlamba, na sukhikriyato pana / sabbaM subhAsubhe naDhe, tadArammaNavAcato / / 81 / / 273. kriyato vA tadAlamba, sopekkhAya sukhI na hi / itarA itaraJceti, idaM suThupalakkhaye / / 82 / / 274. sandhidAyakakammena, tdaalmbpvttiyN"| niyAmanaM javassAhu, kammassevajJakammato / / 83 / / citte cetasikA yasmiM, ye vuttA te samAsato / vuccare dAni dvepaJca", sabbagA satta jAyare / / 84 / / 1. dve pnyc-ro| 2. caamle-ro| 3. diTThihInasesA subhe-ro| 4. suddhjhaane-ro| 5. paThamajjhAnakA mtitke-ro| 6. dutiyAdi jhaanike-ro| 7. sukhItIra tdaalmb-ro| 8. pu jupekkhvaa-ro| 9. dosvyaa-ro| 10. sukhI kriyto-ro| 11. tdaalmbnnvaacto-m| 12. so pekkhaay-ro| 13. suThu phlkkhye-ro| 14. tdaalmbppvttiyN-ro| 15. jvssaah-m| 16. dve paJca-ro; dvepnyce-m| 275.

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34 saccasaGkepe [ catuttho 276. takkacArAdhimokkhehi, te yeva jAyare dasa / / paJcaTThAnamanodhAtu, paJcake sukhatIraNe / / 85 / / 277. ete pItAdhikA hAse, vAyAmena ca dvAdhikA / voTubbane pi eteva, dasekA pItivajjitA / / 86 / / 278.[R19,825] pApasAdhAraNA te ca, tipaJcuddhaccasaJjate / kaGkhAyutte pi eteva, sakalA hInanicchayA / / 87 / / 279. kaDAvajjA paneteva', sadosacchandanicchayA / sattarasa duse honti, salobhantadvaye pana / / 88 / / 280. dosavajjA salobhA te, tatiyAdidukesu te / diTThipItidvayAdhikA', dvinavekUnavIsati / / 89 / / 281. pIticArappanAvajjA, Adito yAva tisime / uppajjanti catutthAdi-rUpArUpamanesu ve / / 90 / / 282. pIticAravitakkesu, ekena dvititikkamA / tatiyAdIsute yeva, tiMsekadvetayodhikA / / 91 / / 283. etevAdidvaye kAme, dutiyAdidukesu hi / matiM pIti matippItiM , hitvA te kamato siyuM / / 92 / / jhAne vuttA va tajjhAni-kAmale viratAdhikA / tatthetA" niyatA vitti, vade sabbattha sambhavA / / 93 / / 284. 1-2. klaavjjaapnetev-ro| 4. tatiyAdi dukesu-ro| 6. dvinnmekuunviisti-ro| 8. dvItIhi kmaa-ro| 10. etevaadidvye-ro| 12-13. mati pIti mati piiti-ro| 15-16. vittivde-ro| 3. slobhntdvye-ro| 5. diTThi piitidvyaadhikaa-ro| 7. catutthAdi ruupaaruupmnesu-ro| 9. ttiyaadisu-ro| 11. dutiyAdi dukesu-ro| 14. etthetaa-ro|

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paricchedo ] 285. 286. 287. 289. 288. [ B26 ] issAmaccherakukkuccA, visuM dosayutadvaye / 290. 291. 292. 293. vijJaNakkhandhapakiNNakanayasaGkSepo 1 kAmaputresu paccekaM, jayantAniyate hi / 3 viratIyo' dayAmodA, kAme sAtasubhakriye / / 94 / / majjhatte pi vadanteke, sahetukasubhakriye / 5 sukhajjhAne pi paccekaM, honti yeva dayAmudA / / 95 / / thInamiddhaMsasaGghAre, diTThihInadvaye hiM / mAnena vA tayo sesa- diTThihIne vidhekako / / 96 / / 9 tatthantake siyuM thIna-middhakena tayo pi vA / / 97 / / ye ttA ttakA ettha, iti cetasikAkhilA ' I tatthettakesvidantevaM, vuccateyaM nayodhunA / / 98 / / tesaTThiyA sukhaM dukkhaM, tIsukkhApi vedanA / paJcapaJJAsacittesu", bhave indriyato pana / / 99 / / ekatthekattha ceva" dve-saTThiyA" dvIsu paJcahi" / paJJAsAyA ti viJJeyyaM, sukhAdindriyapaJcakaM dasuttarasate hoti, nicchayo viriyaM tato / paJcahIne tatokUne, samAdhindriyamAdise / / 101 / / 12 14 15 16 / / 100 / / chando ekasatekUna-vIsa saddhAdayo pana / 19 ANavajjA navahIna- sate 1. jaayntaaniytesu-ro| 3. sAtasubhakkriyA - ro | 5. dayA mudA - ro / 7. diTThi hInaye - ro | 9. cetasikA khilA -ro / 11. paJcapaJJAsa cittesu-ro / 14-15. dvIsupaJcahi - ro / 17. paJca hIne - ro | 19. nava hIna - sate - ro / honti matI pana / / 102 / / 2. viratiyo-ro / 4. 0 subhakkriye - ro| 6. thinamiddhaM ma; sabbattha 'thi' iti / 8. dosayutadvaye - ro / 10. tI pekkhA - ro | 12-13. ceva - dvestttthiyaa-ro| 16. sukha - indriyapaJcakaM - ro / 18. ekaratekUnavIsa - ro | 35

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294. 36 saccasa pe [ catuttho ekUnAsItiyA' cAro', chasaTThIsu panappanA / paJcapaJAsake pIti, ekapaJAsake siyA / / 103 / / 295. viratI chaTThake vIse, karuNAmuditAtha vA / aTThasopekkhacittena , aTThavIsatiyA siyuM / / 104 / / 296. [R20] ahIrikamanottappa-mohuddhaccA ca dvAdase / lobho aTThasu cittesu, thInamiddhaM tu paJcasu / / 105 / / 297. mAno catUsudiTThI"ca, tathA dvIsu manesu hi / doso issA ca maccheraM, kukkuccaJca bhavantime / / 106 / / 298. ekasmiM vimatI hoti, evaM vRttAnusArato / appavattinayo cA pi, sakkA jJAtuM vijAnatA / / 107 / / 299. asmiM khandhe va vijeyyo, vedanAdIsvayaM nayo / ekadhAdividho yutti-vasA tenAviyogato / / 108 / / 300. upamA pheNapiNDo"ca, bubbulo migatahikA / kadalI mAyA vijeyyA, khandhAnaM tu yathAkkama / / 109 / / 301. [ B27] tesaM vimaddAsahana-khaNasobhappalobhana / nissAravaJcakattehi", samAnattaM samAhaTaM / / 110 / / 1-2. ekuunaasiitiyaacaaro-ro| 3. pnppnnaa-ro| 4. virti-ro| 5-6. 0 muditaathvaa-ro| 7. aTTha sopekkhcitten-ro| 8-9. 0 mohuddhaccA dvAdaseva-ma; ahirikamanottappaM mohuddhaJca dvaadse-ro| 10. ctusu-ro| 11. ditttthi-m| 12. c-ro| 13. ekdhaadividhi-ro| 14. phennupinnddo-m| 15. bubbulo-m| 16. ythaakm-ro| 17-18. tesaM vimddshn-khnnsobhplmbhnaa-ro| 19. nissAravaJca ktttthehi-ro|

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paricchedo] vijJANakkhandhapakiNNakanayasa po 37 302. 303. te sAsavA upAdAna-kravandhA khandhAvanAsavA / tatthAdI dukkhavatthuttA', dukkhA bhArA ca khAdakA / / 111 / / khandhAniccAdidhammA te, vadhakA sabhayA itI / asukhaddhammato cikkhA, ukkhittAsikarI yathA / / 112 / / iti' saccasaGkepe vijJANakhandhapakiNNakanayasopo nAma catuttho pricchedo| - TE 1-2. ttthaadidukkhvtthuttaa-ro| 3-4. dukkhaabhaaraa-ro| 5. iti-ro| 6-7. pakiNNakasaGgahavibhAgo nAma catutyo pricchedo-ro|

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5. nibbAnapaJjattiparidIpano nAma paJcamo paricchedo 304. 305. rAgAdInaM khayaM vuttaM, nibbAnaM santilakkhaNaM / saMsAradukkhasantApa-tattassAlaM sametave / / 1 / / khayamattaM na nibbAnaM, sagambhIrAdivAcato / abhAvassa hi kummAnaM, lomasseva na vAcatA / / 2 / / khayo ti vuccate maggo, tappApattA idaM khayaM / arahattaM viyuppAda-vayAbhAvA dhuvaJca taM / / 3 / / 306. a. "nibbAnaM nibbAnaM ti, Avuso sAriputta, vuccati; katamaM nu kho Avuso nibbAnaM ti? yo kho Avuso rAgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo- idaM vuccati nibbAnaM ti..."-saM0ni0 3, pR0223,233; "tasmA tathAgato sabbamaJitAnaM sabbamathitAnaM sabbaahaGkAramamaGkAra-mAnAnusayAnaM khayA virAgA nirodhA cAgA paTinissaggA anupAdA vimutto ti vadAmI ti..."- ma0ni0 2, pR0 179-182; "atthi, bhikkhave, tadAyatanaM yattha neva paThavI na Apo na tejo na vAyo na AkAsAnaJcAyatanaM na vijJANaJcAyatanaM na AkiJcajJAyatanaM na nevasaJjAnAsAyatanaM nAyaM loko na paraloko na ubho cndimsuriyaa| tatrApAhaM, bhikkhave, neva AgatiM vadAmi, na gatiM na ThitiM na cutiM na upapattiM; appatidvaM anArammaNamevetaM / esevanto dukkhassA ti"u0, pR0 162; "chandarAgavinodanaM nibbAnapadamaccutaM'-su0ni0, pR0 432; "yAvatA, bhikkhave, dhammA saGghatA vA asaGghatA vA virAgo tesaM dhammAnaM aggamakkhAyati, yadidaM madanimmadano pipAsavinayo AlayasamugdhAto vaTupacchedo taNhakkhayo virAgo nirodho nibbAnaM"a0ni0 2, pR0 37; "natthi ettha taNhAsaGkhAtaM vAnaM, niggataM vA tasmA vAnA ti nibbAnaM"-aTTha0, pR0 322; "...yasmA panesa catasso yoniyo, paJca gatiyo, satta vijJANaTThitiyo, nava ca sattAvAse aparAparabhAvAya vinanato, Abandhanato, saMsibbanato vAnaM ti laddhavohArAya taNhAya nikkhanto, nissaTo, visaMyutto, tasmA nibbAnaM ti vuccatI ti"visu0, pR0 198-199; pR0 354-356; khu0pA0a0, pR0 157; su0ni0a0 1, pR0 253; abhidhammA0 11 pari 0; abhi0sa0, pR0 124-125; prasanna0, pR0 519 521; tri0, 30 kA0; abhi0 dI0, 162 kA0; vi0pra0vR0, pR0126 / b. abhidhammA0, pR. 80-81 /

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307. paricchedo] nibbAnapaJattiparidIpano saGghataM sammutiJcA pi jANamAlamba neva hi / chinne male tato vatthu', icchitabbamasaGkhataM / / 4 / / 308. pattukAmena taM santiM, chabbisuddhiM samAdiya / jANadassanasuddhI tu, sAdhetabbA hitatthinA / / 5 / / 309. cetanAdividhA sIla-suddhi tattha catubbidhA / / sopacArasamAdhI tu, cittasuddhI ti vuccate / / 6 / / 310. [ R21] sampAdetvAdidvesuddhiM", namanA nAmaM tu ruppto"| rUpaM natthi ihattAdi-vatthU ti pivavatthape / / 7 / / 311. [ B28 ] maNindhanAtape aggi, asanto pi samAgame / yathA hoti tathA cittaM, vatthAlambAdisaGgame / / 8 / / 312. pagulandhA yathA gantuM, paccekamasamatthakA / yanti yuttA yathA evaM, nAmarUpavhayA kriyA / / 9 / / 313. na nAmarUpato aJo, attAdi iti dassanaM / sodhanattA hi duddiTiM", diTThisuddhI ti vuccati / / 10 / / 314. avijjAtaNhupAdAna-kammenAdimhi taM dvayaM / . rUpaM kammAdito nAmaM, vatthAdIhi pavattiyaM / / 11 / / sadA sabbattha sabbesaM, sadisaM na yato tato / nAhetu nAjho attAdi-niccahetU ti passati / / 12 / / 1-2. aannmaalmbnev-ro| 3-4. vatthusmicchitabbaM asngghtN-ro| 5. chbbiisuddhi-ro| 6. smaapiy-ro| 7. bhaavetbbaa-ro| 8. cetanA dividhaa-ro| 9. so pvaarsmaadhii-ro| 10-11. sampAdetvAdi dve suddhiM0-ro; 0 namanA nAmaM tu rupp-m| 12-13. to rUpaM natthi attAdi-vatthU ti c-m| 14. mnindhaanaatpe-ro| 15. vatthAlambAdi snggme-ro| 16-17. yntiyuttaa-ro| 18-19. naamruupvhykkriyaa-ro| 20-21. duddiTThi sodhanattA hi-ro| 22. avijjA taNhupAdAnakammenAdiM hi-ro| 23. attAdi nicchetuu-ro| a. visu0, pR0 415 / 315.

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40 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 325. 324. [ B29 ] avijjAtaNhAkampanna - hetuto rUpamubbhave / saccasaGkSepe evaM tIrayate kaGkSA, yAya paJJAya paccaye / diTThatA suddhi sA kavA-taraNaM ti vuccati / / 13 / / 16 2 pattaJjAtapariJja so, aTTho yatate yati / tIraNavhapariJaya, visuddhatthaM sadAdaro || 14 || tikAlAdivasA khandhe, samAsetvA kalApato / aniccA' dukkhAnattAdi', Ado evaM vipassati / / 15 / / khandhAniccA khayaTThena, bhaTThena dukhAvate / anattAsArakaTThena, iti passe punapunaM / / 16 / / AkArehi aniccAdi- cattAlIsehi sammase / lakkhaNAnaM vibhUtatthaM, khandhAnaM pana sabbaso / / 17 / / evaJcApi asijjhante, navadhA nissitindriyo" / sattakadvayato sammA, rUpArUpe vipassaye / / 18 / / rUpamAdAnanikkhepA, vayovRddhattagAmito" / sammasevannajAdIhi, dhammatArUpato pi ca / / 19 / / nAmaM kalApayamato, khaNato kamato pi ca / diTThimAnanikantInaM, passe ugghATanAdito / / 20 / / A vinAhAraM saphassehi, vedanAdityaM bhave / / 21 / / 1. kaGkSA trnnN-ro| 4. pattaJAtapariJo-ro / 7. khandhaniccA ro / 10. aniccAdi cattALIsehi-ro / 12. sttkddvyto-ro| a. visu0, pR0 423 / tehi yeva vinA phassaM, nAmarUpAdhikehi tu cittaM hetukkhayA so so, veti ve tassa tassa tu / / 22 / / [ paJcamo 2- 3. iti vaccati - ma / 5- 6. aniccadukkhAnattAdi-ro / 8- 9. dukkhA c-ro| 11. nisitindriyo - ma / 13-14. nikkhepavayovRddhatthagAmito-ro /

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paricchedo] nibbAnapaJattiparidIpano 41 327. 329. 330. 326. hetutodayanAsevaM, khaNodayavayena pi|| iti pAsAkArehi, passe punudayabbayaM / / 23 / / yogissevaM samAraddha-udayabbayadassino / pAtubhonti upaklesA , sabhAvAhetuto pi ca / / 24 / / 328. [ R22 1 te obhAsamatussAha-passaddhisukhupekkhanA / / sati pItAdhimokkho ca, nikanti ca dasIritA / / 25 / / taNhAdiLunnatiggAha-vatthuto tiMsadhA ca te / taduppanne cale bAlo, amagge maggadassako / / 26 / / vipassanA pathokkantA, tadAsi matimAdhunA / na maggo gAhavatthuttA, tesaM iti vipassati / / 27 / / upaklese aniccAdi-vasage sodayabbaye / passato vIthinokkanta-dassanaM vuccate patho / / 28 / / 332. maggAmagge vavatthetvA, yA paJjA evamuTThitA / maggAmaggikhasaGkhAtA , suddhI sA paJcamI bhave / / 29 / / 333. pahAnavhapariJAyaM", Adito suddhisiddhiyA / tIraNavhaparijhAya, antago yatatedhunA / / 30 / / jAyate navANI sA, visuddhi kamatodaya / bbayAdI" ghaTamAnassa", nava honti panettha hi / / 31 / / 334. sa' iti| 1. punudbbyN-ro| 2. smaarddhssudybbydssino-ro| 3. pAtu honti-ro| 4. upakkle sA-ro; evamagge pi 'kkle 5. 0passaddhi sukhupekkhnaa-ro| 6-7. stipiitaadhimokkho-ro| 8-9. te c-m| 10-11. tesmiti-ro| 12-13. aniccAdi vsgesodybbye-ro| 14. vIthinokkanta dssnN-ro| 15. phaannvhpriikssaay-ro| 16. nvjnyaanii-ro| 17. kmtodyb-ro| 18-19. byaadighttmaanss-ro| a. visu0, pR0 429 /

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335. 336. [ B30] 338. saccasaLepe [ paJcamo santatIriyato ceva, ghanenA' pica channato / lakkhaNAni na khAyante, saGkiliTThA vipassanA / / 32 / / 336. [ B30] tatotra sammase bhiyyo , punadevudayabbayaM / tenAniccAdisampassaM', paTutaM paramaM vaje / / 33 / / 337. Avade'tvA yaduppAda-dvitiAdIhi passato / bhaGgeva tiDhate ANaM, tadA bhaGgamatI siyA / / 34 / / evaM passayato bhaGga, tibhavo khAyate yadA / sIhAdi va bhayaM hutvA, siyA laddhA bhayikkhaNA / / 35 / / sAdInavA patidvante , khandhAdittagharaM viya / yadA tadA siyA laddhA, AdInavAnupassanA / / 36 / / saGghArAdInavaM disvA, ramate na bhavAdisu / mati yadA tadA laddhA, siyA nibbidapassanA / / 37 / / ANaM muJcitukAmaM te, sabbabhUsaGghate yadA / jalAdIhiM ca macchAdI", tadA laddhA cajjamati / / 38 / / saGkhAre asubhAnicca-dukkhatonattato mati / passanti catumussukA, paTisaGkhAnupassanA / / 39 / / 339. 340. 12 341. 342. 1-2. yaM ghnnen-ro| 4. bhiiyyo-ro| 6. ptutN-ro| 8. tdaa-ro| 10-11. yadA mti-ro| 13. muccitukaam-ro| 15. mcchaadi-ro| 17. 0 dukkhtaanttto-ro| a. visu0, pR0 453 / c. ta0, pR0 457 / e. ta0, pR0 461 / g. ta0, pR0 463 / 3. ttotr-ro| 5. tenAniccAdi smpssN-ro| 7. hi pssto-ro| 9. ptttthhnte-ro| 12. nimbindpssnaa-ro| 14. sabbabhU sngghte-ro| 16. cajI mtii-ro| 18. cttumussukaa-ro| b. ta0, pR0 454-455 / d. ta0, pR0 459 / f. t0|

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paricchedo] 43 343. 344. 345. 11 346. | R231 nibbAnapaJattiparidIpano 43 vuttAtra paTubhAvAya, sbbaannpvttiyaa| mInasAya sappassa', gAhaluddasamopamA / / 40 / / attattaniyato suGa, dvidhA "nAhaM kvacA''dinA / catudhA chabbidhA cA pi, bahudhA passato bhusaM / / 41 / / AvaTTatiggimAsajja , nhArU va mati saGghataM / cattabhariyo yathA dose , tathA taM samupekkhate / / 42 / / tAva sAdInavAnampi, lakkhaNe tiThThate matI / na passe yAva sA tIraM, sAmuddasakuNI yathA / / 43 / / saGghArupekkhAjANAyaM,13 sikhApattA vipassanA / vuTThAnagAminI ceti', sAnulomA ti vuccati / / 44 / / patvA mokkhamukhaM satta, sAdhetiriyapuggale / jhAnaGgAdippabhede ca, pAdakAdivasena sA / / 45 / / aniccato hi vuTThAnaM, yadi yassAsi yogino / sodhimokkhassa bAhullA, tikkhasaddhindriyo bhave / / 46 / / dukkhatonattato taJce, siyA honti kamena te / passaddhivedabAhullA", tikkhekaggamatindriyA / / 47 / / 347. 348. [ B311 349. 350. 1. vutttr-ro| 3. 0aannppvttiyaa-ro| 5-6. sppssgaahluddsmopmaa-ro| 8. nhaaruu-ro| 11-12. ythaadose-ro| 14-15. vuTThAnagAminIti c-m| 17. yesN-ro| a. visu0, pR0 463-464 / c. ta0, pR0 468 / e. ta0, pR0 466 / g. t0| 2. paatubhaavaay-ro| 4. minsaay-ro| 7. aavtttttyggimaasjj-ro| 9-10. mtisngghtN-ro| 13. saGghArupekkhA aannaayN-ro| 16. saadhetaariypuggle-ro| 18. passaddhi vedbaahullaa-ro| b. ta0, pR0 465 / d. ta0, pR0 475 / f. t0|

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44 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. saccasaGkSepe paJJadhurattamuddiTTha e, vuTThAnaM yadinattato / saddhAdhurataM' sesehi, taM viyAbhinivesato / / 48 / / 1. paJJa dhurattamuddiTTha-ro / 3. tikkhasaddhA samathA- ro / 6. anantako - ro / 8. jhAnikA jhaanikaa-ro| 11. natthAbhidhammake - ro / a 6 b C dve tikkhasaddhasamatA, siyuM saddhAnusArino / Ado majjhesu ThAnesu, chasu saddhAvimuttakA " / / 49 / / itaro dhammAnusArIdo, diTThippatto anantake / paJAmuttobhayatthante N, ajhAnijhAnikA N ca te / / 50 / / tikkhasaddhassa cante pi, saddhAmuttattamIritaM / visuddhimagge majjhassa kAyasakkhittamaTThasu / / 51 / / vuttaM mokkhakathAyaM yaM, tikkhapaJjArahassa tu / diTThipattattaM hetaJca", taJca natthAbhidhammike / / 52 / / te sabbe aTThamokkhAnaM", lAbhI majjhesu ce cha / kAyasakkhI siyuM ante, ubhatobhAgamuttakA / / 53 / / anulomAni cattAri, tINi dve vA bhavanti hi / maggassa vIthiyaM manda - majjhatikkhamatibbasA 11 d 13 14 16 f / / 54 / / g visuddhimagge cattAri, paTisiddhAni sabbathA / evama sAliniyA 17 vRttattA evamIritaM / / 55 / / 13 - 14. lAbhI ce chasu majjhasu ma / 16. 0 tikkhamatIvasA - ro| a. visu0, pR0 467 / C. ta0 / e. t0| 8. ta0, pR0 467 / 2. saddhA dhurataM - ro / 4-5. dhammAnusArado diTThipatto-ro / 7. paJJa mutto. -ro| 9-10. diTThippattattametaJca - ro| 12. aTTha mokkhAnaM - ro / 15. ubhato bhAgamuttakA - ro / 17. aTThasAliniyA evaM ro / b. t0| d. ta0 / f. ta0, pR0 475 / h. aTTha0, pR0 306 / [ paJcamo

Page #328
paricchedo] nibbAnapaJattiparidIpano 45 359. 360. [ B32] 361. 6b 362. 363. bhavaGgAsannadoso pi, nappanAya thirattato / suddhiM paTipadAbANa-dassanevaM labhe yati / / 56 / / AvajjaM viya maggassa, chaTThasattamasuddhinaM / antarA santimArabbha', tehi gotrabhu jAyate / / 57 / / saJojanattayacchedI , maggo uppajjate tato / phalAni ekaM dve tINi, tato vuttamatikkamA / / 58 / / tathA bhAvayatI hoti, rAgadosatanUkaraM / dutiyo tapphalaM tamhA, sakadAgAmi tapphalo / / 59 / / evaM bhAvayato rAga-dosanAsakarubbhave / tatiyo tapphalaM tamhA, tapphalaTThonAgAmiko / / 60 / / evaM bhAvayato sesa-dosanAsakarubbhave / catuttho tapphalaM tamhA, arahA tapphalaTThako / / 61 / / katakicco bhavacchedo, dakkhiNeyyopadhikkhayA / nibbutiM yAti dIpo va , sabbadukkhantasaJjitaM / / 62 / / evaM siddhA siyA suddhi", ANadassanasaJjitA / / vuttaM etAvatA saccaM, paramatthaM samAsato / / 63 / / saccaM sammuti sattAdi-avatthu vuccate yato / . na labbhAlAtacakkaM va, taM hi rUpAdayo vinA / / 64 / / 364. 365. [R24] 366. 367. 1. nppnnaay-ro| 3-4. antraasntimaarbbh-ro| 6. vuttmtikkmo-ro| 9. tpphltttthito-ro| 11-12. suddhinyaanndssn0-ro| a. visu0, pR0 477 / c. ta0, pR0 480 / e. ta0, pR0 481 / 2. sti-ro| 5. sNyojn0-ro| 7-8. tthaabhaavyto-ro| 10. c-ro| 13. sattAdi avtthu-ro| b. ta0, pR0 479 / d. t0| f. t|

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saccasaGkepe [paJcamo 368. tena tena pakArena, rUpAdiM na vihAya tu / tathA tathAbhidhAnaJca, gAhaJca vattate tato / / 65 / / 369. labbhate parikappena, yato taM na musA tato / avuttAlambamiccAhu, parittAdIsvavAcato / / 66 / / 370. pApakalyANamittoyaM, satto ti khandhasantati / ekattena gahetvAna, voharantIdha paNDitA / / 67 / / 371. paThavAdi viyeko pi, puggalo na yato tato / kudiTThivatthubhAvena', puggalaggahaNaM bhave / / 68 / / 372. etaM visayato katvA, saGkhAdIhi padehi tu / avijjamAnapatti, iti tahi bhAsitA / / 69 / / 373. [B33] paJatti vijjamAnassa, rUpAdivisayattato / kAyaM paJatti ce su?, vadato suNa' saccato / / 70 / / savittivikAro" hi, saddo saccadvayassa tu / pajApanattA paJjatti, iti tahi bhAsitA / / 71 / / paccuppannAdiAlamba, niruttipttismbhidaa"| ANassA ti idaJcevaM, sati yujjati nAthA / / 72 / / 376. saddAbhidheyyasaGghAdi", iti ce sabbavatthunaM / paJApetabbato hoti pnyttipdsnggho||73 / / 1. ruupaadi-ro| 2. parittAdIsu vaacto-ro| 3. khndhsntti-ro| 4. eknten-ro| 5. pthvaadi-m| 6. kdihi-ro| 7. bhaasito-ro| 8. rUpAdi visyttto-ro| 9-10. sunntcchto-ro| 11. savijJatti vikaaro-ro| 12. sccdvyss-ro| 13-14. paccuppannAdi Alamba niruttipttismbhidaa-ro| 15. saddhAbhidheyyaM sngkhaadi-ro| 16. paJatti pdsnggho-ro| a. da0-abhi0sa0, pR0 233 / b. da0-ta0, pR0 231 / c. d0-t0| 374. 375.

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paricchedo ] 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. [ R25] saddato aJJanAmAva-bodhanatthAvabodhanaM / 384. 385. nibbAnapaJJattiparidIpano '"sabbe paJJattidhammA" ti', desetabba' tathA sati / atha paJJApanassA pi, paJApetabbavatthunaM / / 74 / / vibhAgaM' ApanatthaM hi tathuddeso kato ti ce / > na kattabbaM visuM tena, paJJattipathasaGgahaM / / 75 / / paJapiyattA catUhi, paJJattAdipadehi sA * b parehi paJJApanattA, iti AcariyAbravuM / / 76 / / rUpAdayo upAdAya, paJJApetabbato kira / avijjamAnopAdAya-paJjA' to / / 77 / / sotaviJaNasantAnA - nantaraM pattajAtinA / gahitapubbasaGketa-manodvArikacetasA / / 78 / / paJJapenti gahitAya, yAya sattarathAdayo" / iti sA nAmapaJatti N, dutiyA ti ca kittitA / / 79 / / kicchasAdhanato pubba-nayo evaM pasaMsiyo / / 80 / / sA' vijjamAnapaJJatti' tathA avijjamAnatA / 9 10 11 12 vijjamAnena cAvijja-mAnA tabbiparItakA / / 81 / / , 14 avijjamAnena vijja-mAnatabbiparItakA / iccetA chabbidhA tAsu, paThamA matiAdikA / / 82 / / 386. [ B34] satto saddho narussAho, seniyo manacetanA | iccevametA" viJJeyyA, kamato dutiyAdikA" / / 83 / / 1- 2. tidesetabbaM - ro| 5. 0 mAnopAdAya pnynytti-ro| 7. satta rathAdayo-ro / 9-10. saavijjmaanpnynytti-ro| 12. vA vijjamAnA - ro / 15. iccemetA - ro | a-b. da0-abhi0sa0, pR0 232-234 / c d da0 ta0, pR0 231-234 / 47 3- 4. vibhAgaJApaNatthaM - ro| 6. pathamA - ro / 8. nAma paJJatti-ro / 11. avijjamAnakA - ro / 13-14. avijjamAnenAvijjamAnA tbbipriitkaa-ro|

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48 saccasaGkepe [ paJcamo 387. evaM lakkhaNato atvA, saccadvayamasaGkaraM / kAtabbo pana vohAro, vihi na yathA tthaa|| ti / 84 / / . iti' saccasope nibbAnapaJattiparidIpano nAma paJcamo pricchedo| saccasaGkhapo nihito| 1. sccdvymsngkrN-ro| 2-3. nibbAnavibhAgAdIhi saGgahito nAma paJcamo pricchedo| nihito sccsnggrepo| sukhI hotu| iti badaratitthamahAvihAravAsinA tipiTakapariyattidharena saddhAsIlAdiguNagaNAbharaNavibhUsitena aTThakathAcariya-TIkAcariya-anuTIkAcariya-dhurandharena bhadantadhammapAlAbhidhAna-mahAsAmipadena viracitaM saccasaGghapapakaraNaM nihitN-ro|

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saccasaGkepassa gAthAnaM Adipadavasena anukkamaNikA 357 266 132 259 34 220 253 84 anulomAni cattAri ajjhattikAni cakkhAdI apAyuddhattayaM hitvA ajhAnaGgAni dvepaJca appahInehi sesAnaM aJathattaM ThitassA ti abyAkataM dvidhA pAkaaTThakaM avinibbhogaM abhikkamAdijanakaaTThakaM jAti cAkAso amalaM santimArabbha aTThakaM jIvitenAyu | amalAni ca tINante aTTha kAmamahApAkA 190 ariyApAyavajjesu aTThakojamanaggIhi | arUpapAkesvAdimhA aTTha rasAdito rUpA | arUpesvekamekasmiM attattaniyato sujhaM | alaggo ca acaNDikkaM athArammaNApAtha avijjamAnena vijjaatha vA tikkhaNe kamma avijjAtaNhAkammannaatha sAtakriyA sAtaM avijjAtaNhAsaGkhAraadhodhomanavajjA te | avijjAtaNhupAdAnaadhopAkA ca antamhA avibhUte vibhUte ca adhimokkho nicchayo saddhA asmiM khandhe va vijeyyo anAruppe manodhAtu ahirIkamalajjattaM anAsevanayAvajja | ahIrikamanottappaaniccato hi vuTThAnaM 349 | antAmalaM anAvajja AkArehi aniccAdiantimaM rUpapAkaM tu 254 | AdikappanarAnaJca 1. ettha gAthAnaM Adi-saMkhyA dinnA atthi| 344 175 385 324 m 227 164 252 314 184 m sh 299 89 h Vws >> 296 A 320 '64

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50 saccasakepassa gAthAnaM 129 4 206 46 291 AdikriyA ti cekUnaAdipaJcAmalA kalAAdimaggadusAhAsaAdissAsubhamantassuAyukammabhayesaM vA ArammaNUpanijjhAnA AropanAnumajjaTThA AvajjaM viya maggassa AvajjahasitAvajjA AvaTTatiggimAsajja Avade'tvA yaduppAda Smww 192 231 298 345 198 193 265 71| 294 372 97 205/ upekkhekaggatAyanta250 e ekakiccAdito paJca130 ekajesvAdicatUsu ekatthekattha ceva dveekadhAdinayodAni ekamhA dasa paJcahi 360 ekasmiM vimatI hoti ekArammaNacittAni ekAsIti tibhUmaTuM 337 ekUnAsIticittesu ekUnAsItiyA cAro etaM visayato katvA 244 ete dve mohuddhaccA ti 353 ete pItAdhikA hAse etevAdidvaye kAme 262 etesvekamayaM hutvA 229 etehi dosavajjehi ettha saddhAdipaJcAyu 288 evaJcA pi asijjhante evaM tIrayate kaDA | evaM dhIhInamukkaTTha 43) evaM passayato bhaGgaM 331] evaM bhAvayato rAga163evaM bhAvayato sesa300 evaM bhUmittayaM pucha 186] evaM lakkhaNato batvA 140/ evaM siddhA siyA suddhi 277 icchitabbamimekantaitarAni panAvajjaitaro dhammAnusArIdo iti esaM dvisattannaM indriyAni duve antaimassAnantaraM dhammA issAmaccherakukkuccaissAmaccherakukkuccA iheva kAmataNhAdi 283 l`mr 121 237 94 100 321 168 316 u uddhAdhogamakucchiTThA upaklese aniccAdiupaTTitaM tamArabbha upamA pheNapiNDo ca upekkhAtIraNaM hoti upekkhAdiTThiyattampi 126 338 363 364 134 387

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o oghAharaNato yogA ojA hi yApanA itthiopapAtikabhAvissa ka kaGkhAvajjA paneteva katakicco bhavacchedo katvA tApuddhavaM ekaM kammacittAnalannehi kammacittAnalAhAra kammajaM sendriyaM vatthu kammajAkammajaM neva kammajA kAyabhAvavhA kAmaccuti ca voTThabbaM kAmapAkadusA cAdi kAmapAkA ca sesAdi kAmapuJJasukhItIra kAmaputresu paccekaM kAmasugatiyaM yeva kAmInaM tu tadAlambaM kAme javA kriyAhInA kAme javA bhavaGgA ca kAme javA savoTThabbA kAme sarAginaM kammakAme soLasa ghAnAdi kAyaJANaM sukhI tattha kAyikaM mAnasaM dukkhaM kAlenAhArajaM hoti Adipadavasena anukkamaNikA kiccattaye kate evaM 107 kusalaM tattha kAmAdi 11 | kusalAkusalaM sabbaM kevalaM sandhibhavaGga 63 kesAdimatthaluGgantA kriyato va tadAlambaM kriyA tidhAmalAbhAvA 279 365 110 kha 33 khaM jAti jaratA bhaGgo 29 khaM rUpAnaM paricchedo 30 khandhAniccA khayaTThena 24 khandhAniccAdidhammA te 50 khayamattaM na nibbAnaM 218 |khayo ti vuccate maggo 200 246 233 285 127 ca 183 | cakkhAdittayahInassa 232 cakkhAdI daTTukAmAdi223 | cakkhu sotaJca ghAnaJca 203 | catudhA pi ahetveka162 catunnampi ca dhAtUnaM 245 catuvIsesu sesesu 147 | cattAro paJca paThama74 | cittaM visayaggAhaM taM 59 | cittuppAde siyuM rUpa gha ghaTTite aJJavatthumhi ghAyanAdittayaM kAme 51 166 117 191 148 41 273 155 9 13 319 303 305 306 176 255 66 10 8 202 40 49 269 116 54

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52 citte cetasikA yasmiM cetanAdividhA sIla cha chagocaresu rUpAdi cha ANahIne tabbanta cha yugAni kAyacitta chandacittIhavImaMsA chandanicchayamajjhatta chandAdI paJca niyatA chando ekasatekUnachabbIsati javA sesA ja jAtiyA pi na jAtattaM jAyate navatrANI sA jha jhAne vuttA va tajjhAni Ja jANaM muJcitukAmaM te JANayuttavaraM tattha ta taM sattara cittAyu takkacArAdhimokkhehi tajjA sandhi siyA hitvA taNhAdiThunnatiggAha tatiye Adi nissAya tatiye sAmale tINi tatotra sammase bhiyyo saccasaGkSepassa gAthAnaM 275 | tato paraJca kammaggi 309 | tathA bhAvayato hoti tathopekkhAmatiyuttaM tattha dosadvayaM vatyuM tattha sItAdiruppattA 123 263 tatthevandhabadhirassa 85 tadAlambadvikaM tamhA 195 95 tappAkA ca matiyutta 96 tamevante cuti tasmiM 204 293 | tayaTThakA ca cattAro tAni mohuddhavaMmAnatAnuddhatAdithInAdi tAva sAdInavAnampi 32 334 284 tikAlAdivasA khandhe tikAlikaparittAdi tikkhasaddhassa cante pi tisatta dvicha chattisaM te obhAsamatussAha 341 te ca pAkA sayaJcante 124 tena tena pakArena tepaJJAsa dasekaJca 60 te sabbe aTThamokkhAnaM 276 | te sAtagocarA tesu 167 tesaTThiyA sukhaM dukkhaM 329 te sAsavA upAdAna135 tesu yeva nihInaM tu 267 | tesaM vimaddAsahana 336 tehi yeva vinA phassaM 58 362 119 142 7 65 179 214 174 39 113 86 346 318 122 354 159 328 225 368 52 356 151 290 302 125 301 325

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Adipadavasena anukkamaNikA 53 tehevekUnasaTThIhi 47 197 222 thadhuNhIraNabhAvo va thInamiddhaM sasaGkhAre thInaM cittassa saGkoco 238 | dvijesu manatejehi dvipaJca cittaM vijJANaM 69 | dvipaJcAdikriyA hAsA 287 | dvIhi kAmajavA tIhi dve tikkhasaddhasamatA dve dve AvajjanAdIni dve balAni ahetvanta 230 Mwww 352 189 264 292 108 120 131 115 3 9 m 105 114 169 27 0 181 0 dasuttarasato hoti dassanaM savanaM diTuM daLhaggAhena diDhejA dAnaM sIlaJca bhAvanA diTThi eva parAmAso diTThikavAnudaM Adi dihrilobhadusA kammadihrilobhamUhamAnadiTThihekaggatAtakkadiTejuddhavadosandhadiTuM sutaM mutaJcA pi diTuM sutaM mutaM jAtaM dukkhatonattato taJce dukkhApanayanakAmA dutiyantadvayA tIraM dutiyAdIhi te yeva dosadvayA tadAlambaM dosavajjA salobhA te dosahInajavA so so dvikiccAdIni voTThabdha 208 na nAmarUpato aJjo 313 | nabhatammanatassucanamassitvA tilokaggaM nAbabhUphaladaM kamma 137 nAmaM kalApayamato 323 nAsA cavamAnassa | nipphannaM rUparUpaM khaM niyamo pidha cittassa | nissayaM vatthu dhAtUnaM 12 | nissAya pubbAcariya-mataM .. 2 350 pa | paGgulandhA yathA gantuM | paccuppannAdiAlambaM 221 | paJcadvAre siyA sandhi 272 | paJcadhAtvAdiniyamA 68 280 | paJcA pi cakkhusotAdi 249 | paJcAlambaM manodhAtu 199 207 | paJcAvaraNato kAma 0 v 312 or 375 173 3 109

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54 saccasakepassa gAthAnaM 373 | ba | byApAro cetanA phasso 379 351 81 382 371 258 317 bhaGgA sattarasuppAde bhavaggApAyavajjesu bhavaGgAsannadoso pi bhavantarakataM kamma 359 308 171 348 236 196 paJatti vijjamAnassa paJAdhurattamuddiTuM paJApiyattA catUhi paJApenti gahitAya paThavAdi viyeko pi pattaJAtapariJo so pattukAmena taM santiM patvA mokkhamukhaM satta paramatthato sanibbAnaparassakasampattInaM parittAnappamANAni pasAdA paJca bhAvAyu passaddhAdiyugAni cha pahAnavhaparivAya pApakalyANamittoyaM pApasAdhAraNA te ca pApajA puJjajAhetupApaM kAmikamevekaM pIticArappanAvajjA pIticAravitakkesu pujrapAkA dvidhAhetupujesvAdidvayA kAme puthujjanassa jAyante pubbabhave cuti dAni pubbamuttakarIsaJcu 268 332 286 106 37 101 149 182 138 maggavajjA savoTThabbamaggA dve saMsaye diTThimaggAmagge vavatthetvA majjhatte pi vadanteke 333 maNindhanAtape aggi manarUpindriyehete 278 manussavinipAtInaM manodvAretarAvajjaM manodhAtukriyAvajjaM mahaggatA kriyA sabbA mahaggatAmalA sabbe mahaggataM panArabbha 211 mahApAkatihetUhi 242 mAno issA ca maccheraM | mAno catUsu diTThI ca | ya yathA tathA vA sajJAnaM 143 | yathA saGkhAtadhammAnaM 103 | yasmA cittavirAgattaM 177 228 281 282 187 146 185 217 80 170 297 44 pha 75 28 pharussavacabyApAdA phasso ca cetanA ceva 172

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Adipadavasena anukkamaNikA ye vuttA ettakA ettha yena santappanaM yena yogissevaM samAraddha 295 358 355 226 343 304 289 | viratI chaTThake vIse __ 42 | visuddhimagge cattAri 327 vuttaM mokkhakathAyaM yaM vRttapAkA sayaJceti vuttAya paTubhAvAya vuttAnantarasaGghAto vedanAdisamAdhantA vedanAdisvapekasmiM 380 vedanAnubhavo tedhA voTThabbassa paritte tu | vohabbaM kAmapuJaJca 241 92 rAgAdInaM khayaM vuttaM rUpamabyAkataM sabbaM rUpamAdAnanikkhepA rUpAdayo upAdAya rUpArUpavipAkAnaM rUpe jIvitachakkaJca rUpe sappaTighattAdi 322 153 180 261 70 la 369 219 307 14 340 labbhate parikappena lahutAdittayaM taM hi lahutA mudukammacalokapAkakriyAhetU lobhadosamUhamAnalobhamUlekahetUhi lobho doso ca moho ca 347 342 367 sakaM sakaM paTicchaM tu saGghataM sammutiJcA pi saGghArA cetanA phasso saGkhArAdInavaM disvA 194 saGkhArupekkhAtrANAyaM 112 saGkhAre asubhAnicca216 saccaM sammati sattAdi79,88 saccAni paramatthaJca saJojanattayacchedI sattatiMsa panetAni sattadhA sattavijJANa128 | satto saddho narussAho | sadA sabbattha sabbesaM 201 sadukkhadosAsaGkhAraM 330 | saddato aJjanAmAva378 | saddAbhidheyyasaGkhAdi 361 234 210 386 vacIbhedakacittena vicatti lahutAdIhi vitakkacArapItIhi vitthAro pi ca bhUmIsu vinAvarUpenAruppavipassanA pathokkantA vibhAgaM bApanatthaM hi 247 315 141 383 376

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56 saddhAdayo viramantA saddhA sati matekagga saddhA sati hirottappaM va santatIriyato santIraNaM tato tamhA sandhiM catusvapAyesu sandhidAyakakammena sandhibhavaGgamAvajjaM sannivesavisesAdi sabbavAre sayaJceti sabbe paJJattidhammA ti sabbaM kAmabhave rUpaM samAnuttarapAkA pi sampaTicchadvipaJcannaM sampAdetvAdidvesuddha sayaM bhavaGgamatimA saviJattivikAro hi saheturUparUpA ca sahetusAsavA pAkA sAdInavA patiTThante sAdhetAnuttaraM santiM sAdhopAkehi teva saccasaGkSepassa gAthAnaM anukkamaNikA sA vijjamAnapaJJatti 93 99 sukhatIrabhavaGgAni 77 sukhatIrAdi sattete 335 sukhitIratadAlambaM 178 suddhaTThalahutAdIhi 144 | suddhaTThaviJJattiyutta274 | suddhaddhaM saddanavakaM 160 sekapaJcasataM kAye 4 sekkhasappaTighAsekkha 213 | sedasiGghAnikassu ca 377 seyyassAdikkhaNe kAya 72 sesaM bAvIsati ceka 154 | sotaviJJaNasantAnA152 | somanassakudiTThIhi 310 somanassamatiyutta 224 374 ha 157 hadayaM vatthu viJJatti 188 hetutodayanAsevaM 339 hetu mUlaTThato pApe 136 | hitvA mahaggate pAke 239 hetvantato hi maggassa 384 240 235 271 38 35 37 53 23 45 57 19 381 139 118 26 326 104 248 270

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mahAmaMgalanAmakena ekena therena viracitaM buddhaghosuppatti sampAdaka DaoN. vIrendra pANDeya (ema.e. pAli, pI-eca.DI.)

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pariciti buddhaghosuppatti 'buddhaghosuppatti' AcArya buddhaghoSa kI jIvanI ke rUpa meM likhI gaI aitihAsika racanA hai| isameM AcArya buddhaghoSa kA janma, bAlyAvasthA, prArambhika zikSA, dharmaparivartana, laMkAgamana, grantharacanA, jambudvIpa meM pratyAgamana Adi viSayoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prastuta kArya kA uddezya jemsa gre dvArA romana lipi meM sampAdita 'buddhaghosuppatti' ko devanAgarI lipi meM sampAdana evaM prakAzana kara hindI bhASI sAmAnya jana ko upalabdha karAnA hai| pro. jemsa gre. ne isakA sampAdana 1892 I. meM romana lipi meM kiyA thaa| isakA prakAzana landana se huA thaa| isa grantha kA sampAdana evaM prakAzana devanAgarI lipi meM Aja taka anupalabdha hai, isalie isakA sampAdana evaM prakAzana prathama bAra devanAgarI lipi meM kiyA jA rahA hai| isa grantha kI racanA siMhalI bhikSu mahAmaMgala nAmaka eka sthavira ne kI thii| isa grantha ke anta meM kahA gayA hai ki - ' iti ettAvatA mahAmaGgalanAmena ekena therena pubbAcariyAnaM santikaM yathApariyatti paJJAya racitassa javanahAsatikkhanibbedhikapaJJasampannasya buddhaghosasseva nAma mahAtherassa nidAnassa aTThamaparicchedavaNNanA samattA' / uparyukta uddharaNa se do bAtoM para prakAza par3atA hai| prathama yaha ki mahAmaMgala nAmaka sthAvira ne isa grantha kI racanA kI thI / dvitIya yaha ki prastuta racanA mahAsthavira AcArya-buddhaghoSa ke jIvanavRtta ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| yaha racanA prArambha meM hastalikhita tAr3apatra para prApta huI thI, jise pro. jemsa gre ne sva. u AsarA bihAra pAjUDAMga se prApta kiyA thA / punaH unhoMne sve DAgona bihAra pustakAlAya kI eka kApI se milAyA thA, jise barnADa phrI pustakAlaya se prApta - eka hastalikhita prati se bhI milAyA thA / tadanantara unhoMne romana lipi meM ise sampAdita kiyA aura isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI kiyaa| isI ko AdhAra mAnakara ise devanAgarI lipi meM prastuta karane kA yatna hai| ise hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bAda meM prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA jAyagA /

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buddhaghosuppatti yaha pustaka ATha paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| mahAmaMgala sthavira ne sarvaprathama buddha, dhamma evaM saMgha kI vandanA kI hai aura batAyA hai ki maiM buddhaghoSa kI utpattikathA kA yathAbhUta varNana kara rahA huuN| banditvA ratanattayaM sabbapApapavAhanaM / buddhaghosassa uppattiM vaNNayissaM yathAbhUtaM / / inhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki jo sadyaH isa samyaksambuddha dvArA varNita buddhaghoSa ke nidAna ko sunegA vaha svarga evaM mokSa kA adhikArI hogA kyoMki yaha sukha evaM mokSadAyaka hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki buddhaghosuppatti kA dUsarA nAma 'buddhaghoSa kA nidAna' bhI hai| buddhaghoSa kI utpatti kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ke nirvANa ke do sau chattIsa varSa bAda sthavira mahendra laMkA meM buddha-upadezoM ko le gaye the| unake parinirvANa ke uparAnta buddhaghoSa nAmaka sthavira utpanna hue| unake utpannamAtra ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki- mahAbodhi ke samIpa ghoSa nAmaka eka gA~va thaa| gopAloM kA nivAsa sthAna hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'ghosa gA~va' thaa| vahA~ eka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakA 'kesI' nAmaka brAhmaNa purohita thaa| vaha zreSTha guru tathA rAjA kA atyanta priya thaa| 'kesanI' usakI dharmapatnI thii| 'tasseva kesinI nAma brAhmaNI ca visAradI / brAhmaNassa piyA hoti garuTThA va anAlasA' ti / / usa samaya 'buddhadezanA' (tipiTaka) sIhalabhASA meM hone ke kAraNa anya loga 'pariyattizAsana' (sampUrNa buddhavacana) ke artha ko nahIM jAna sakate the, isalie- Rddhisampanna mahAkSINAsrava eka mahAsthavira ne cintana kiyA ki svargaloka meM ghosadeva putra nivAsa karatA hai yadi vaha isa loka meM prAdurbhUta ho to bhagavAn buddha ke zAsana ko sIhalabhASA se mAgadhIbhASA meM parivartana karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai| cintana ke anantara mahAsthavira tAvatisabhavana meM devarAja zakra ke sAmane pragaTa hue| devarAja ne Ane kA kAraNa pUchA to mahAsthavira ne kahA ki isa samaya bhagavAn buddha kA zAsana logoM ke lie durvijJeya hai, kyoMki vaha sIhalabhASA meM kathita hai| Apake isa devaloka meM ghosadeva putra nAmaka eka deva-putra nivAsa karatA hai vaha prajJAvAn hai aura pUrvabuddhoM kI sevA evaM sAkSAtkAra 1. tasmA suNeyya sakccaM sammAsambuddha vaNitaM / buddhaghosassa nidAnaM saggamokkhasukhAvahaM ti / / bu.gho. pR.1

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pariciti kRta hai| vaha buddhazAsana ko siMhalIbhASA se mAgadhI bhASA meM parivartita karane meM samartha hai| indra ne ghosadeva putra ke nikaTa jAkara kahA ki mahAsthavira tujhe manuSya loka meM le jAnA cAhate haiN| jaba use yaha jJAta huA ki mere jAne se buddha zAsana jo logoM ko jJAta nahIM ho rahA hai unheM jJAta hogA, to vaha manuSya loka Ane ko taiyAra ho gyaa| sthavira kesI brAhmaNa ke mitra the| vahA~ se Akara pAtra cIvara lekara brAhmaNa ke ghara piNDapAta ke lie pahu~ce aura unhoMne kahA ki Aja se sAtaveM dina tujhe putra lAbha hogaa| sAtaveM dina ghosadeva putra kesinI brAhmaNI ke udara meM praveza kiyA aura dasa mAsa bItane para utpanna huaa| unake janma ke samaya dAsa, karmakara aura brAhmaNa pariSad dUsare ko sundara AvAja meM khAo-pIo kahA isalie usa bacce kA nAma ghosakumAra rakhA gyaa| ghosakumAra sAta varSa meM hI sampUrNa vedoM kA adhyayana kara tInoM vedoM meM pAraMgata ho gyaa| ghosakumAra ko bar3e pyAra se unake mAtA-pitA ne pAlA-posA aura unake pratibhA se prasanna huye| eka dina kesI brAhmaNa rAjA ko veda par3hAne ke lie apane putra ke sAtha gayA thaa| vaha zikSA kAla meM veda ke eka kaThina sthala ko pAkara usake artha aura abhiprAya ko na jAnakara rAjA se pUcha kara apanA ghara lauTa gyaa| ghosa kumAra ne yaha samajha liyA ki mere pitA veda kI isa RcA ke artha ko nahIM jAnate haiM, isalie usane eka kAgaja para usakA artha likhakara rakha diyaa| kesI brAhmaNa use dekhakara aura usake abhiprAya ko jAnakara bar3A santuSTa huaa| jaba use yaha jJAta huA ki yaha 'artha' hamAre putra ne hI likhA hai, to usakI prazaMsA karate huye rAjA ko btlaayaa| jisase rAjA ne saMtuSTa hokara usakA AliMgana kiyA aura pyAra se kahA- 'tuma mere putra ho aura meM tumhArA pitA huuN| isa taraha buddhaghoSa ke janma aura zikSA ke saMbaMdha meM isa adhyAya meM carcA kI gaI haiN| dvitIya pariccheda graMtha ke dvitIya pariccheda meM buddhaghoSa kI pravrajyA aura AcArya upAdhyAya ke dvArA prApta upasampadA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki kesI brAhmaNa ke mitra mahAsthavira apanI prakRti ke anusAra piNDapAta ke lie unake ghara gye| vahA~ unhoMne unheM buddhaghoSa ke Asana para baitthaayaa| ise dekhakara ghosa brAhmaNa kumAra krodhita ho gayA aura kahA ki kyA muNDaka sthavira veda kI RcAoM ko jAnatA hai athavA koI dUsarA maMtra jAnatA hai| mahAsthavira ne uttara diyA 'maiM' sabhI vedoM ke maMtroM ko janAtA hU~ usane veda maMtroM kA jaTA

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buddhaghosuppatti pATha sunA diyaa| ghosa kumAra ne kahA ki bhante! maiM Apake maMtra kA artha jAnanA cAhatA huuN| usakI bAta ko sunakara mahAsthavira bahuta prasanna hue aura unhoMne kusalA dhammA, akusalA dhammA, abyAkatA dhammA Adi ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA aura yaha batalAyA ki anavadya iSTa vipAka lakSaNa kuzala hai aura akuzala ko naSTa kara denA isakA kRtya hai, mana kA nirmala honA isake jAnane kA AkAra hai aura yaha sugati ko dene vAlA hai| isake viparIta akuzala dharma hai, jo durgati ko dene vAlA hai aura ina donoM se bhinna abyAkRta dharma hai, jisakA vipAka nahIM hotA hai tathA jo kuzala tathA akuzala bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra unhoMne 21 kuzala, 12 akuzala, 36 vipAka tathA 20 prakAra ke kriyA cittoM kA varNana kiyA, aura batalAyA ki ise saddharma kahate haiN| punaH jaba ghosakumAra ne pUchA ki isa maMtra kA kyA nAma hai? taba mahAsthavira ne ise buddhamaMtra btlaayaa| puna: ghosadevaputra ne pUchA ki kyA maiM ise sIkha sakatA hU~, to mahAsthavira ne batalAyA ki pravrajita hone para hI koI sIkha sakatA hai| gRhastha aneka bAdhAoM se paripUrNa rahatA hai, isalie vaha ise nahIM sIkha sktaa| isake bAda ghosa kumAra ne mAtA-pitA se AjJA lekara mahAsthavira ke pAsa jAkara pravrajyA lii| pravrajita hone para use mahAsthavira ne 'tacakammaTThAna' diyA aura usa para dhyAna karane ko khaa| buddhaghoSa ne usa kammaTThAna para bhAvanA karate hue buddha, dharma tathA saMgha meM zraddhA rakhate hue dasasIla kA pAlana kiyA tathA anitya, duHkha, anAtma kI bhAvanA karate hue buddhazAsana meM zraddhAvAn huaa| isa prakAra unhoMne sampUrNa tripiTaka ko eka varSa meM hI kaMThastha kara liyA aura cAra pratisambhidAoM ko jAnakara avihata jJAna sampanna huaa| taba se isa sampUrNa jambUdvIpa meM vaha buddhaghoSa ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| tRtIya pariccheda tIsare pariccheda meM buddhaghoSa ke mAtA-pitA kI mithyAdRSTiyoM ko haTAne kA upAya batalAyA gayA haiN| eka dina buddhaghoSa ke mana meM yaha vicAra AyA ki merI prajJA adhika hai athavA mere upAdhyAya kii| upAdhyAya ne, jo mahAkSINAsrava the, usake citta meM utpanna usa vitarka ko jAna liyA aura jAnakara buddhaghoSa se kahA ki tumhArA aisA socanA zramaNa dharma ke anukUla nahIM hai| buddhaghoSa sthavira kI bAta ko samajhakara unase kSamA yAcanA kii| taba upAdhyAya ne kahA ki yadi tuma laMkAdvIpa jAkara sampUrNa buddhavacana ko siMhalI bhASA se

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pariciti mAgaghI bhASA meM parivartana kara sakoge, tabhI meM tumheM kSamA karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| buddhaghoSa ne kahA ki yadi ApakI yahI icchA hai to mai laMkA jAnA cAhatA huuN| para mere mAtA-pitA mithyAdRSTi se yukta haiN| maiM unako mithyAdRSTi se mukta karanA cAhatA huuN| aisA kahakara AcArya se AjJA lekara ve apane ghara aaye| unako dekhakara unake mAtA-pitA prasanna hue aura kahane lage ki putra gRhastha hogA kyoMki usakA mukha prasanna hai| yaha bhikSu banakara ghUma ghAmakara lauTa AyA hai| buddhaghoSa unakI bAtoM ko sunakara cupa rahe aura apane vAsasthAna meM IToM kI do garbha kuTI banavAyA aura usameM se eka meM andara aura bAhara argalA lagAkara vahA~ khAne pIne kA sArA sAmAna rakhakara apane mAtA-pitA ko andara praveza karAkara bAhara kivAr3a banda kara diyaa| kesI brAhmaNa ne pUchA- tAt! maiM tumhArA pitA huuN| tuma mere sAtha aisA vyavahAra kyoM karate ho? taba buddhaghoSa ne kahA ki Apa mere mAtA-pitA avazya haiM lekina Apa mithyAdRSTi se sampanna hai kyoMki buddhazAsana ke prati aprasanna tathA azraddhAvAn haiN| isalie yaha 'daNDa' maineM kiyA hai| usake mAtA-pitA ne kahA- maiM mithyAdRSTi se sampanna hokara koI kAma nahI karatA hU~, isalie dvAra khola do| buddhaghoSa ne kahA ki yadi Apa mithyAdRSTi se sampanna hokara kArya nahI karate haiM to Apa buddhaguNoM kA vAcana kareM tabhI meM ApakA dvAra kholuuNgaa| unhoMne kahA ki mithyAdRSTi sampanna karma avIcI naraka meM le jAtA hai| isa prakAra naraka-bhaya kI tarjanA se usake mAtA-pitA mithyAdRSTi ko chor3akara buddha, dharma tathA saMgha ke zaraNa meM cale gaye tathA buddhaguNoM ko smaraNa karate hae 'sotApatti phala' ko prApta kiye| isa para buddhaghoSa bahuta prasanna hue aura sAdhu-sAdhu kahakara anumodana kiyaa| caturtha pariccheda caturtha pariccheda meM buddhaghoSa ke laMkA-gamana kA varNana hai| buddhaghoSa ne apane mAtA-pitA ko zrotApatti phala meM pratisThApita kara apane doSa ke lie kSamA mA~gakara unase pUchakara upAdhyAya ke nikaTa pahuMce aura upAdhyAya se AjJA lekara laMkA dvIpa jAne ke lie mahAvaNik ke sAtha bandaragAha para jAkara nAva para car3hakara laMkA ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| unake nAva para savAra hone ke dina hI buddhadatta mahAsthavira bhI laMkA dvIpa se bhAratavarSa Ane ke lie vaNika ke sAtha nAva para car3hakara A rahe the| mahAsamudra meM ghUmate hue buddhadatta se unakI bheMTa ho gii| buddhaghoSa ke pUchane para usa vaNika ne yaha buddhadatta mahAsthavira haiM' aisA For Private & Personal. Use Only

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buddhaghosuSpatti jAnA aura unakI vandanA kii| buddhadatta, buddhaghoSa ko dekhakara atyanta prasanna hue aura unakA nAma jAnakara laMkA dvIpa jAne kA kAraNa puuchaa| taba buddha ghoSa ne batalAyA ki maiM siMhala dvIpa buddhazAsana ko siMhalI bhASA se mAgadhI bhASA meM parivartana karane ke lie jA rahA huuN| buddhadatta ne kahA ki maiM bhI isI kArya ke lie gayA thA lekina maiM kevala jinAlaMkAra, chadantadhAtu, bodhivaMsa Adi granthoM kA hI mAgadhI bhASA meM parivartana kara sakA huuN| aTThakathA tathA TIkA Adi kA parivartana nahIM kara pAyA huuN| tuma vahA~ jAkara tIna piTakoM kI aTThakathAoM kA mAgadhI bhASA meM parivartana karo-aisA kahakara unheM indra ke dvArA diyA gayA harItakI aura lohe se yukta lekhanI tathA eka patthara diyaa| tadantara buddhaghoSa ne unase AjJA lekara laMkA dvIpa kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| isa prakAra buddhaghoSa ke laMkAdvIpagamana kA varNana yahA~ atyanta rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| paMcama pariccheda isa adhyAya meM buddhaghoSa kA laMkA pahu~canA aura vahA~ para do brAhmaNadAsiyoM ke jhagar3e meM sAkSI banane kI carcA kI gaI hai| kucha dina laMkA meM nivAsa ke anantara buddhaghoSa ne eka dina do brAhmaNadAsiyoM ko dekhA, jo ghATa para pAnI lene AyI thIM aura Apasa meM jhagar3A karane lgii| buddhaghoSa ne unake vivAda ko sunakara socA ki yahA~ anya koI nahIM hai| ye donoM striyA~ apane-apane svAmI ko avazya kaheMgI ki vahA~ para kevala vahI sthavira the| ve hamase bhI avazya pUchege ki ina donoM meM se kisane kyA kahA hai ata: inakI bAtoM ko mujhe likha lenA caahie| aisA socakara unhoMne donoM kI bAtoM ko likha liyaa| ve dAsiyA~ jAkara apane svAmI ko sArI bAteM btaayii| tadanusAra ve saba rAjA ke yahA~ nyAya ke lie gye| rAjA ne kahA ki jisa samaya tuma jhagar3A kara rahI thI usa samaya vahA~ koI thA yA nhiiN| dAsiyoM ne sthavira ke bAre meM kahA ki kevala sthavira hI vahA~ thaa| rAjA ne sthavira se pUchane ke lie dUta bhejA jise likhita bayAna sthavira ne saupa diyaa| jise dekhakara rAjA ne pUchA ki kyA tumane aisA kahA hai jise una logoM ne svIkAra kiyaa| tadanantara rAjA ne jisakA ghaTa nahIM TUTA thA use daNDa diyaa| rAjA ne usa sthavira ko dekhane kI icchA vyakta kI para brAhmaNa ne mithyAdRSTi ke kAraNa kahA ki vaha sthavira vANijya ke lie yahA~ AyA hai ata: yaha Apake anurUpa nahIM hogA ki usako dekheM aura bAtacita kreN| rAjA usa brAhmaNa kI bAta sunakara sthavira ke guNoM se prabhAvita huA aura do gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se sthavira ke guNoM kI prazaMsA kii|

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pariciti SaSTha pariccheda isa pariccheda meM AcArya buddhaghoSa dvArA siMhalI se mAgaghI meM aTThakathAoM ke parivartana kI kathA varNita hai| sthavira buddhaghoSa laMkA dvIpa meM saMgharAja mahAsthavira ko praNAma karane ko gye| vahA~ mahAsthavira bhikSuoM ko abhidharma evaM vinaya kA adhyApana kara rahe the| vahA~ jAkara buddhaghoSa una sthaviroM ke pIche baiTha gye| mahAsthavira adhyApana karate hae abhidharma ke gaNThisthala ko spaSTa karane meM asaphala ho kara mahAsthaviroM ko adhyApana meM lagAkara svayaM antargarbha meM granthisthala para vicAra karate hue praveza kara gye| buddhaghoSa ne aisA dekhakara usa granthi sthala kA artha likhakara vahA~ rakha diyaa| jaba mahAsthavira ne usako dekhA to una sthaviroM se pUchA 'ise kisane likhA hai una pAThaka sthaviroM ne kahA ki Agantuka bhikSu ne ise likhA hogaa| mahAsthavira ne buddhaghoSa ko bulaayaa| pUchane para buddhaghoSa ne kahA 'ise maiMne likhA haiN|' mahAsthavira ne tipiTaka par3hane ko kahA to AcArya buddhaghoSa ne kahA hai ki ise par3hane yahA~ nahI AyA hU~ varan buddhavacanoM ko siMhalI se mAgadhI meM parirtana karane ke lie AyA huuN| AcArya buddhaghoSa kI bAta sunakara mahAsthavira atyanta prasanna hue aura nimnalikhita gAthA ko tInoM piTakoM ke anusAra vyAkaraNa karane ko kahA sIle patiTThAya naro sapaJo cittaM paJaJca bhAvayaM AtApI nipako bhikkhu ... so imaM vijaTaye jaTaM ti / AcArya buddhaghoSa ne uparyukta gAthA ke vyAkaraNa svarUpa visuddhimaggo nAmaka mahanIya grantha kI racanA kI aura mahAsthavira ko dikhaayaa| mahAsthavira atyanta prasanna hue aura unhoMne buddhavacana ko mAgadhI meM parivartana karane kI AjJA pradAna kii| usI samaya se laMkA dvIpa meM mahAsthavira buddhaghoSa ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| saptama pariccheda isa pariccheda meM AcArya buddhaghoSa dvArA buddhavacanoM kA siMhalI bhASA se mAgadhI bhASA meM parivartana kI kathA varNita hai| AcArya buddhaghoSa laMkA dvIpa meM

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buddhaghosuppatti rahate hue apane anurUpa vAsasthAna ke lie nivedana kiyA, jahA~ para baiThakara buddhavacanoM ko mAgadhI meM parivartana kara likhA jA ske| mahAsthavira ne buddhaghoSa ko rahane ke lie lauhaprAsAda meM sthAna niyata kiyaa| vaha lauhaprAsAda sAta taloM se yukta thaa| kramaza: sabhI taloM meM kSINAsrava, dhutaGgadhara, suttantadhara, vinayadhara, abhidhammadhara, maggaphala ke lie prayatnazIla tathA trilakSaNa kI bhAvanA karane vAle bhikSu rahate the tathA nIce ke tala meM jahA~ koI bhikSu nahIM rahate the, vahA~ sthavira buddhaghoSa nivAsa karane lage tathA sampUrNa buddhavacanoM ko siMhalIbhASA se mAgadhI bhASA meM parivartana kA kArya karane lge| buddhaghoSa dhutAGgadhara the aura tripiTakadhara the| unhoMne pratidina buddhavacanoM ko mAgadhIbhASA meM likhate the isa prakAra ke kAryoM se vahA~ rahane vAleM bhikSu atyanta prasanna hue| AcArya buddhaghoSa ne tIna mahIne meM sampUrNa buddhavacana ko mAgadhI meM parivartita kara diyaa| buddhavacana ko mAgadhI meM parivartita kara mahAsthavira ko nivedita kiyaa| mahAsthavira atyanta prasanna bhAva se sAdhukAra pradAna karate hue kahA 'sAsanaM nAma dullabhaM buddhaseTThassa bhAsitaM / parivattAnubhAvena taM passAma yathA sukhaM / / yathA pi puriso andho samAsamaM na passati / tathA mahaM na passAma sAsanaM buddhabhAsitaM ti / / isake uparAnta AcArya buddhaghoSa ne mahAsthavira se prArthanA kI bhante maiM jambudvIpa jAnA cAhatA huuN| aisA nivedana kara jambudvIpa ke lie nAva se vyApArI ke sAtha prasthAna kara gye| Ane se pUrva laMkAvAsiyoM ko apane saMskRta pratibhA kA bhI pradarzana kiyaa| sihalavAsiyoM ne Adara sahita buddhaghoSa ko vidA kiyaa| aSTama pariccheda isa pariccheda meM AcArya buddhaghoSa kA bhArata pratyAgamana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| apane uddezya ko pUrNa kara sthavira buddhaghoSa vaNika mitra ke sAtha bhArata Ane ke lie nAvArUr3ha hue| aura kucha hI dinoM meM bhAratIya bandaragAha para pNhuce| apane vaNik-mitra se pUchakara apanA pAtracIvara lekara upAdhyAya ke nikaTa gye| tripiTaka evaM aTThakathA sahita sampUrNa buddhavacanoM kA mAgadhI meM likhita pustakoM ko dikhaayaa| dikhAne ke anantara upAdhyAya ke daNDa se mukta ho apane doSa ke lie kSamA mA~gakara upAdhyAya kI vandanA kara mAtA-pitA ke nikaTa gye|

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pariciti mAtA-pitA apane putra ko dekhakara prasanna hue| taba taka unakI Ayu pUrI ho cukI thii| unhoMne mRtyu kSaNa ko jAna kara buddhaguNoM ko smaraNa karate hue mara kara devaloka ke kanakavimAna meM utpanna hue| mahAsthavira ne triratna ke mAhAnubhAva ko jAnakara praNAma nivedana kiyaa| tadanantara tripiTaka vinaya, sutta evaM abhidharma, nau aMgo, caurAsI hajAra dharmaskandhoM ko saddharma btaayaa| cAra mArgastha evaM cAra phalastha bhikSusaMgha ko smaraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra triratna buddha, dharma evaM saMgha ke svarUpa ko dikhAte hue praNAma nivedana karate hue isa gAthA kA udgIraNa kiyaa| buddhe dhamme ca saMgho ca kato eko pi aJjalI / pahomi bhavadukkhaggiM nibbApetuM asesato ti / / isa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ke zAsana ke mahattva ko pratipAdita kiyaa| apanI Ayu ko pUrNa samajhakara anApAnasati kI bhAvanA karate hue mahAbodhi ke nikaTa jAkara bodhivRkSa kI pUjA kii| tadanantara maraNamaJca para AsIna ho sammutimaraNa ko prApta hue aura svarga loka ke kanaka vimAna meM utpanna hue| saMkSepa meM buddhaghoSa ke sampUrNa jIvanavRtta ko yahA~ darzAyA gayA hai| anta meM lekhaka ne ina tIna gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se icchA vyakta kI hai buddhaghosassa nidAnaM evaM taM racitaM mayA / nidAnassa racanena paJavA homi sabbadA / / labheyyaJca ahaM tassa metteyya samAgamaM / metteyyo nAma sambuddho tAreti janataM bahuM / / yadA metteyyataM patto dhAreyyaM piTakattayaM / tadAhaM paJavA homi metteyya upasantike ti / / racanAkAra evaM kAla buddhaghosuppatti (buddhaghoSotpatti) AcArya buddhaghoSa kI jIvanI ke rUpa meM likhI gaI racanA hai| isake raciyatA mahAmaMgala nAmaka siMhalI bhikSu the| mahAvaMsa ke prathama parivarddhita aMza (cUlavaMza) meM buddhaghoSa kA jIvana-vRtta diyA gayA hai| 'buddhaghosuppatti' ke varNana ke sAtha ise milAne se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki buddhaghosuppatti kA varNana cUlavaMsa ke bAda racita huaa| ata: mahAvaMsa kA prathama

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buddhaghosuppatti saMvarddhana jisame buddhaghoSa kI jIvanI hai, terahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga meM likhA gayA, ata: 'buddhaghosuppatti' ko usake kucha bAda arthAt caudahavI zatAbdI kI racanA mAna sakate haiN| isI zatAbdI meM pagAna meM maMgala nAmaka bhikSu hue, jinhoMne 'gandhaTThi' nAmaka vyAkaraNa grantha (upasargoM para) likhaa| gAyagara ne isa maMgala nAmaka barmI bhikSu ke sAtha buddhaghosuppatti ke lekhaka mahAmaMgala ko milAne kA sandehapUrNa sujhAva diyA hai| parantu yaha vilkula bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jaisA romana lipi meM buddhaghosppatti ke sampAdaka jemsa gre ne svIkAra kiyA hai, mahAmaMgala eka siMhalI bhikSu the| ata: unheM barmI maMgala se nahI milAyA jA sktaa| terahavIM-caudahavI zatAbdI meM siMhala meM maMgala nAmaka eka anya mahAsthavira bhI ho gaye hai, jo videha sthavira ke guru the| inase isa mahAmaMgala ko milAyA jAya yA nahIM, yaha bhI eka samasyA hI hai| astu 'buddhaghosuppatti' meM alaukika vidhAna itanA adhika hai ki usakA vAstavika aitihAsika mahattvAMkana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| buddhaghoSa kI bAlyAvasthA aura prAraMmbhika zikSA tathA dharma-parivartana kA varNana karate samaya aisA mAluma hotA hai mAno 'milindapavha' ke nAgasena aura rohaNa tathA 'mahAvaMsa' (pari.5) ke siggava tathA moggaliputtatissa sambandhI prakaraNoM ke nAmUnoM kA hI rUpAntara kara ke rakha diyA gayA hai| yadyapi lekhaka ne buddhaghoSa ke janma, bAlyAvasthA, prArambhika zikSA, dharmaparivartana grantha-racanA Adi sabhI kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| buddhadatta kRta vinaya vinicchaya ke anusAra buddhadatta ne buddhaghoSa-kRta vinaya aura abhidhammapiTaka sambandhI aTThakathAoM ko hI kramaza: apane 'vinaya-vinicchaya' aura abhidhammAvatAra' ke rUpa meM saMkSipta rUpa diyA thaa| kintu 'buddhaghosappati' meM buddhadatta kA prathama laMkAgamana dikhA kara buddhaghoSa ko apanA apUrNa kAma pUrA karane kA unheM Adeza dete dikhAyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI 'vinayavinicchaya' kA hI pramANa yahA~ dRr3hatara mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'vidvAnoM ne mahAsthavira maMgala kI isa racanA ko caudahavIM zatAbdI kA mAnA hai| vIrendra pANDeya 28 / 4 / 2000

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/ / namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammAsambuddhassa / / buddhaghosuppatti vanditvA ratanattayaM sabbapApa pavAhanaM / 1 buddhaghosassa uppattiM vaNNayissaM yathAbhUtaM / / 1 bhAvantA sAdhavo tumhe, sappurisA samAgatA / aJaJca kammaM pahAya ? suNAtha samAhitA / yo ca sutvAna saddhammaM vAceti' api sikkhati / diTThe dhamme ca pAsaMso pacchA nibbAna pApuNi / / tasmA suNeyya sakkaccaM sammAsambuddha vaNitaM / buddhaghosassa nidAnaM saggamokkhasukhAvahaM ti / / paThamo paricchedo 4 6 evaM iddhiyAdIhi saddhiM AgantvA paThamaM tAva AyasmA mahindathero sammAsambuddhassa parinibbAnato dvinnaM vassasatAnaJca upari chaTThisame vasse ca imasmi ' patiTThahati / patiTThahitvA ca yAvatAyukaM tiTThamAno bahUnaM vAcetvA bahUnaM hRdaye patiTThapetvA anupAdisesAya nibbAnadhAtuyA parinibbAyi / tassa aparabhAge buddhaghoso nAma thero uppajji / tassa ca uppannabhAvo kathaM veditabbo / ekasmiM phira samaye ghoso nAma gAmo mahAbodhito avidUre ahosi / kasmA bahUnaM gopAladArakAnaM bAhullanivAsanaThAnabhUtattA gAmassa ghosagAmo nAma ahosi / tasmiM aJJataro rAjA rajjaM kaaresi| tassa kesI nAma brAhmaNo purahito seTThagaru pi ahosi piyo manApo / tasseva bhariyA kesinI nAma ahosi / tenAhu porANA 2. S.D. P daM- idaM / 1. P.S.P. vaNNayissAmi; 3. S.D. P vAcati P. vAcAhi / 4. paThamaM tAva in the Reading of the B.F.L.Ms of the Mss. have patiTTahanto ca / imasmiM-sIhaladIpe; 6. pana 5. 7. B.FL. bAhullasannipAtaThAnabhUtattA /

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buddhaghosuppatti kesI ca nAma brAhmaNo raJo ca vallabho piyo / vedattayaM sikkhApeti rAjAnaJca dine dine / / tasseva kesinI nAma brAhmaNI ca visaardii| brAhmaNassa piyA hoti garuTThA va anAlasA ti / / yadA pana pariyattisAsanasseva sIhalabhAsAya kathitattA aJju pariyattisAsanaM na vijAnanti, tadA aJataro thero iddhipatto mahAkhINAsavo taM kAraNaM jAnitvA cintesi--"ko nAma mahAthero bhagavato pariyattisAsanaM sIhalabhAsAya parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya kathessati'' ti| cintetvA ca pana ghosadevaputtaM tAvatiMsabhavane vasantaM bhagavato pariyattisAsanaM sIhalabhAsAya parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya kathetuM samatthaM ti adds| cintanantarameva tAvatiMsabhavane sakkassa devarajho paaturhosi| sakko pi taM theraM vanditvA pucchi--"kiMkAraNA bhante AgatosI' ti| sopi "dAni mahArAjA bhagavato sAsanaM aJahi dubbijAnaM hoti sIhalabhAsAya kthitttaa| ghosadevaputto nAma pana eko devo tAvatiMsabhavane santo so pi tihetukapaTisandhipoM pubbabuddhesu katasambhAro samattho bhagavato sAsanaM sIhalabhAsAya parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya kathetuM ti aah| sakko pi "tena hi bhante Agamehi' vatvA ghosadevaputtassa santikaM gantvA AliGgatvA Aha "mArisa devaputta eko mahAthero tvaM ArAdhetvA manussalokaM gamituM icchatI' ti| so 'devarAja ahaM uparidevalokaM gamituM icchaami| kasmA? manussaloke nivAso nAma bahudukkho bhupaayaaso| tena manussalokaM na gcchaami| yadi pana bhagavato sAsanaM ajehi dubbijAnaM hoti ahaM pi manussalokaM gamissAmI ti anujaani| sakko devarAjA tassa paTilaM gahetvA therassa pttivedesi| so thero devaputtassa paTiGa laddhA puna aagcchi| tadA so thero kesIbrAhmaNasahAyo kulUpako ahosi| vibhAtAya rattiyA pattacIvaraM AdAya gantvA brAhmaNassa gehe pribhunyji| bhuttAvasAne brAhmaNaM Aha 1. B.EL. visuddhatA for garuTThAva; 3. B.E.L, S.D.P. duvijAnaM; 5. B.E.L. adds mUlabhAsAya; 7. B.E.L. dujaanN| 2. Three Mss. have adss| 4. B.EL. tihetukapaTisandhi nAma spnyo| 6. S.D.P tvaM B.EL. tN|

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paThamo paricchedo 15 "ajja divasato paTThAya sattame divase mA pamajjA; tava putto bhavissati mahApuJo' ti vatvA ca pana pkkmi| sattame divase ghosadevaputto abhiTThahitvA kAlaM katvA kesinIyA brAhmaNiyA kucchimhi paTisandhiM gnnhi| dasamAsaccayena gabbhato nikkhmi| nikkhamanakAle ca dAsakammakarAdayo brAhmaNaparisA aJjamalaM sundaraghosasaddAni" khAdatha pivathA'' ti Adini pvttyiNsu| tenassa ghosakumAro ti nAmaM akNsu| so pi sattavassiko hutvA vedAni ca uggahetvA sattavassabbhantare yeva tiNNaM vedAnaM nipphatti paapunni| ekasmiM divase ghosabrAhmaNakumAro bissanusandhe nisIditvA mAsaM bhuJjati / atha naM ghosa kumAraM bissanukhandhe nisIditvA mAsaM bhuJjantaM disvA aJce brAhmaNA, atikuddhA, hare "ghosakumAra kasmA tvaM amhAkaM AcariyA bissanusandhe nisIditvA mAsaM bhuJjAsI' ti| "api ca attano garubhAvamattaM na jAnAti kathaM tvaM tayo vede jAnissatI ti aahNsu| so bissanukhandhe nisIditvA mAsaM bhuJjanto yeva bissanukiccaM pucchanto gAthamAha mAso va bissanu nAmako bissanU ti vuccati / ubhayesu ca etesu kathaM jAnAmi bissanU ti / / taM sutvA brAhmaNA aJamacaM mukhaM olokayamAnA paTivacanaM dAtuM asamattho apaTibhANA va ahesuN| athaje brAhmaNA taM kesibrAhmaNaM aarocesuN| kesIbrAhmaNo attano puttaM pucchi-"kiM tAta evaM karosI" ti| "Ama tAtA" ti| kesI brAhmaNo brAhmaNe palobhetvA "maM passatha, mA kujjhi; so taruNo, kiJci na jAnAsI'' ti uyyojesi| ekasmiM divase kesIbrAhmaNo rAjAnaM vedaM sikkhApetuM attano puttaM gahetvA sikkhanatthAya gato hoti| ghosa brAhmaNakumAro gamituM ajacammaM AsanaM gahetvA 1. S.D.P. ajjto| 2. S.D.P. bhuJji; 4. B.EL. Acariyo hutvA bisanukhandhe; 6. S.D.P. atha; 3. S.D.P. are| 5. S.D.P. and P. na jaanaasi| 7. S.D.P. prijnN| ..

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16 buddhadhosuppatti pitarA saddhiM gato hoti| so rAjAnaM sikkhanto yeva ekasmiM vedapadese gaNThiThAnaM patvA atthaM vA adhippAyaM vA ajAnitvA kaso, hutvA rAjAnaM ApucchitvA attagehaM punaagcchi| ghoso attano pitaraM gaNThiThAnaM ajAnanatthaM JatvA attano paJAya taM gaNThiThAnaM uttAnaM katvA potthake likhitvA tthpesi| so pi kesIbrAhmaNo taM akkharaM disvA vedAnaM atthaJca adhippAyaJca JatvA tuTTho hoti| tassa brAhmaNassa taM gaNThiThAnaM manasi pAkaTaM hoti| atha so kesIbrAhmaNo parijane pucchi--"idaM akkharaM nAma kena likhitaM' ti| parijanA AhaMsu-"tAta taM akkharaM nAma kena tava puttena likhitaM'' ti| kesIbrAhmaNo attano puttaM pucchi--"tAta taM akkharaM nAma tayA likhitaM'' ti| "Ama tAtA" ti vdti| so ativiya tuTTho attano puttaM pasaMsanto dve gAthAyo abhAsi tvaM yeva daharo hoti paJavA ti ca pAkaTo / yassa tvaM tAdiso putto so seTTho va januttamo / / tvaJca dAni sukhI hosi amaro viya saNThito / tvaM yeva me pitA hosi, ahaM te puttasannibho ti / / evaM pi so attano puttaM pasaMsitvA rAjAnaM aarocesi| rAjA taM sutvA ativiya tuTTho taM AliGgetvA aGke katvA sIsaM cumbitvA Aha- tAta tvaM mama putto hosi; ahaM te pitA ti vatvA imaM gAthamAha varapajho tuvaM tAta brAhmaNesu ca uttamo / pAya te pamodAmi, dammi te varagAmakaM ti / / / / iti buddhaghosakumArabhUtassa paThamaparicchedavaNNanA smttaa|| 1. S.D.P. parijanaM; 3. attato; 2. B.EL.P. ten| 4. S.D.P.-angge| B.E.L.omits aGkekatvA /

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dutiyo paricchedo tato paTThAya brAhmaNa ghosakumArassa vedaM uggaNhantassa divase divase ca chasahassavedapadAni vAcuggatAni honti| athekadivase kesIbrAhmaNasahAyo mahAthero attanopakatiyA bhojanatthAya gehaM gantvA gehamajjhe titttthti| atheko mANavo ghosabrAhmaNakumArassa AsanaM AharitvA paJApetvA mahAtherassa adaasi| mahAthero upekkhakova hutvA ghosabrAhmaNakumArassa Asane nisiidi| atha kho ghosabrAhmaNa-kumAro taM mahAtheraM attano Asane nisinnaM disvA ativiya kodho hutvA pahaTanamuTTha-bhujago viya ahosi| so taM kujjhitvA avisahanto mahAtheraM akkosi-"ayaM muNDasamaNo alajjI attano pamANaM na jAnAti; kasmA me pitA bhojanaM dApesi; kinnu ayaM imaM vedaM jAnAti udAha acaM mantaM jAnatI' ti| paribhAsitvA ca pana evaM cintesi--"ahaM bhuttAvioNitapattapANiM muNDasamaNaM imaM vedaM pucchissAmI' ti| ___atha so mahAtheraM bhuttAvioNitapattapANiM nisinnaM pucchi-- "bhante muNDa tvaM vedaM jAnAsi udAhu ajhaM mantaM ti| ___ mahAthero taM sutvA ativiya haTThatuTTho hutvA Aha-" tAta ghosa ahaM tumhAkaM vedaM jAnAmi, akhaM mantaM pi jAnAmI' ti| so Aha-- "yadi vedaM jAnAti tvaM sajjhAyaM karohI' ti atha mahAthero tayo vede sajjhAyitvA tiNNaM vedAnaM AdimajjhantaM AmasitvA paNDitena vinivedaM jaTasuttaM guLamiva vedaM susaNThapetvA sjjhaayi| sajjhAyanAvasAne attano kamaNDalunA udakena mukhaM vikhAletvA va nisiidi| so taM disvA lajjI hutvA punAha-"bhante muNDa ahaM tava mantaM jAnituM icchAmi; tava mantaM sajjhAhI'' ti| mahAthero taM pasAdento abhidhammamAtikaM sajjhAyi-kusalAdhammA, akusalA dhammA, abyAkatA dhammA" ti| Adito va tiNNaM mAtikAnaM atthaM vibhajanto Aha-"tAta ghosa kusalaM nAma anavajjiTThavipAkalakkhaNaM akusalaviddhaMsanarasaM . 1. P. saTThi for cha 2. B.EL. bhujgiNdo| 3. S.D.P. has po nihataH nIhaTa for oNita; 4. S.D,P. adds kiN| 5. S.D.P. and P. omit htt| 6. S.D.P. aasssitvaa|| 7. kamaNDalunodakena; S.D.P. 8. kamaNDalunodakena; S.D.P. 9. B.EL. and S.D.P. have pibhjjnto|

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buddhaghosuppatti vodAnapaccupaTTAnaM iTThavipAkapadaTTAnaM sugatisampApakaM; sAvajjAniTThavipAkalakkhaNaM akusalaM avodAnabhAvarasaM ayonisomanasikArapadaTThAnaM duggatisampApakaM, tadubhayaviparItalakkhaNaM abyAkataM avipAkArahaM vA kusalAkusalapaggahena / sadA kusalena ca yaM kusalaM catubhUmakaM / muninA vasinA lapitaM lapitaM ThapitaM mayA, / / pApApApesu pApena yaM vuttaM pApamAnasaM / pApApApapahInena taM mayA samudAhaTa; / / kriyAkriyapattivibhAgadesako / kriyAkriyAcittamavoca yaM jino / hitAhitAnaM kriyAkriyato kriyA / kriyaM taM tu mayA samIritaM ti / / ettAvatA ekavIsatividhaM kusalaM, dvAdasavidhaM akusalaM, chattiMsavidhaM vipAkaM, vIsatividhaM kriyAcittaM ti vatvA saddhammaM desesi / ghoso abhidhammamAtikaM sutvA pi mumhitvA vadati- "bhante tumhaM manto ko nAmA'' ti? "tAta ayaM buddhamanto nAmA'' ti| so Aha--buddhamanto nAma gahatuna mAdisena sikkhitabbo' ti| 1. B.EL. adds yonisomanasikArapaTThAnaM vaa| 2. S.D.P. tadubhayaM viparItalakkhaNaM abyaaktN| 3. B.EL. pakatena For pgghen| 4. S.D.P. gives these stanzas as follows: sadA kusalesu kusalena ca yaM kusalaM catubhumigataM / muninA vasinA lapitaM lapitaM sakalaM pi mayA / / pApApesu pApena yaM vuttaM pApamAnasaM / pApaM pApahinena taM mayA samudAhaTaM / / 4. S.D.P. has kriyAkriyApattivibhAgadesako / kriyAkiriyAcittaM avoca yaM jino / / hitAhitAnaM kriyAkiriyato / kriyAkiriyaM tantu mayA samiritaM / / ; 6. P.and B.F.L. deseti| 7. S.D.P. ghtthen|

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dutiyo paricchedo so Aha-- "buddhamanto nAma mAdisena pabbajitena sikkhitabbo; kasmA gahaTThassa aparisuddhattA bahupalibodhattA cA ti| athekasmiM divase ghoso tIsu vedesu ThAnaThAnaM sallakkhetvA AdimajjhaM passitvA va no antaM passatIti cintetvA udAnaM udAnesi buddhamanto nAma anagdho, buddhamanto me pi ruccati; / buddhamantamAgamma sabbadukkhA pamuccanti / / cintetvA ca pana mAtapitaro vanditvA pabbajjaM yaaci| so tehi paTikkhitto ca punappunaM yAcitvA puna Aha-- "tAta ahaM mahAtherassa santike pabbajitvA buddhamantaM pariyApuNitvA manasi vAcuggataM katvA vibbhamitvA punAgatomhI' ti| atha mAtapitaro saha pUjAya taM gahetvA mahAtherassa upassayaM netvA paTivedesuM-"bhante ayaM te nettA, tava santike pabbajitukAmo taM pabbAjethA'' ti| tadA so tassa kesamassuM ohAretvA allacandanacuNNehi gihigandhaM jhApetvA setavatthaM nivAsetvA tacakammaTThAnaM datvA pbbaajesi| "bhante taccakammaTThAnaM nAma katama' ti| "kesA lomA nakhA dantA taco'' ti aah| "api ca tacakammaTThAna' nAma sabbabuddhehi avijahitaM; sabbabuddhAhi nAma bodhipallaGke nisinnA va tacakammaTThAnaM nAma nissAya tilakkhaNena jANaM otAretvA arahattaphalaM sacchAkaMsu; tenAha bhagavA taccakammaTThAnaM nAma sammAsambuddhadesitaM / tacakammaJca Agamma sabbadukkhA pamuccati / / tasmA kareyya bhAvanaM pavaraM sAdhusammataM / tacakammaJca bhAvanto nibbAnaM adhigacchatI' ti / / 1. B.E.L. adds na tumhaadisen| 2. S.D.P. so ghoso| B.F.L. has so te asampaTicchantA mAtapitaro punppun.....| 3. B.E.L. punraagmii| 4. saha pujAya taM B.EL. reads sapathe hdeyydhmmen| 5. B.EL and S.D.P. pbbjehi| 6. B.E.L. tcpnyckkmmtttthaanN| 7. S.D.P. makes the forst pAda 'tacakammaM nAma vrN'| 8. S.D.P. and B.F.L. sArasammataM, in the former sAdhu beiing corrected to saar| 9. B.E.L. kronto|

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buddhaghosuppatti so pi taM sutvA tacakammaTThAnaM bhAvento tIsu saraNesu patiTThAya dasasIlAni samAdiyitvA paJcasu kammaTThAnesu tilakkhaNaM uppAdetvA buddhasAsane acalapasAdo hutvA buddhasAsanaM saddahitvA taJca theraM Aha--"bhante buddhasAsanaM nAma saMsArassa antakaraNaM sabbabhavesu vaTTadukkhavinAsakAraNaJca mavhaM AtaM, mahaM vedA nAma asArA tucchA adhuvA; buddhAdIhi ariyehi chaDDitabbA'' ti| so ca pabbajjaM lbhi| tato paTThAya so divase divase ca saTThipadasahassAni vAcuggatAni katvA ekamAseneva tINi piTakAni pariyApuNitvA niTThapesi,so ca tINi piTakAni niTThapetvA paripuNNavasso va laddhapasampado hutvA catUsu paTisambhidAsu avihatANo hoti| so ca sakalajambudIpe buddhaghoso ti nAmena pAkaTo hoti| so ca devamanussAnaM piyo hoti mnaapo| tenAhu porANA mahAbodhisamIpamhi jAto brAhmaNakulesu / . buddhaghoso ti nAmena buddho viya mahItale / pUjito naradevehi brAhmaNehi pi pUjito / pUjito bhikkhusaMghehi niccaM labhati pUjitaM ti / / / / iti buddhaghosanAmatherassa pabbajitassa AcariyupajjhAyehi laddhapasampadassa dutiyaparicchedavaNNAnA smttaa|| 1. S.D.P. dssiilN| 2. S.D.P. upaTThapetvA /

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tatiyo paricchedo athekadivase rahogatassa paTisallInassa cetoparivatakko udapAdi -- 'mahaM paJJA buddhavacanena adhikataro udAhu upajjhAyassa adhikataro" ti / tadA so upajjhAyo mahAkhINAsavo cetasA cetopariviitakkamaya - "etarahi buddhaghosa tava takko mahaM na ruccati; yadi tvaM vitakkesi samaNasAruppo nAma na hoti; khamApehi me khippaM" ti Aha / - so pi upajjhAyassa vacanaM sutvA bhItacitto saMvegapatto taJca abhiyAcitvA -- "ayaM mama sAvajjo, khamatha me bhante" ti Aha / upajjhAyo - "yadi tvaM khamasi mayhaM tvaM laGkAdIpaM gantvA buddhavacanaM sIhalabhAsato apanetvA mAgadhabhAsAya karohi; tadAhaM tayA khamito bhavissAmI" ti vatvA tumhI ahosi | so Aha--"yadi tvaM icchasi mayhaM laGkAdIpaM gantuM icchAmi, bhante yAva pitaraM micchAdiTThito mocessAmi tAva adhivAsehI" ti; vatvA ca pana upajjhAyaM ApucchitvA attano gehaM gato / kesIbrAhmaNo attano puttaM disvA cintesi - "idAni mama putto gihi bhavissasi mayhaM puttassa mukhaJca pasIdatI" ti / tuTTho taM pucchi -- " idAni vibbhamitvA gihi bhavissatI" ti / so taM sutvA tumhI ahosi / so attano vasanaTThAnaM gantvA dve gabbhakuTiyo kAretvA upari iTThakAhi chadanaM katvA mattikAhi limpApetvA va badarena saGghAretvA ekasmiM gabbhe anto ca bahi ca dve aggalAni yojetvA aggikapAlataNDulodakakhIradadhisappiAdIni ca ThapetvA yantaM yojetvA attano pitaraM antogabbhaM pavisApetvA yantayuttena dvAraM pidahApesi / kesIbrAhmaNo pucchi - "tAta ahaM te pitA, kasmA evaM karosI" ti / so Aha - "saccaM me tvaM pitA asi, api ca tvaM micchAdiTThiko buddhasAsane apasanno asaddhakosi, tasmA evaM daNDaM akAsiM" ti| 1. P. and B.F.L. bhittIsu / 2. B.F.L. has 'AsanaM pattharitvA' For 'va badarena saGgharetvA' / 3. S.D. P. has kappala for B.FL. adds sakkara before khIra / 4. B.F.L. asaddho ahosi /

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buddhaghosuNpatti so - " nAhaM micchAdiTThikammaM karomi; dvAraM meM vivarAhI" ti Aha / "yadi tvaM micchAkammaM na karosi, ' iti pi so bhagavAtyAdibuddhaguNaM abhAsI' ti vatvA ahaM dvAraM te vivarissAmI" ti Aha; tAta micchAdiTThikammaM apahAya kAlaGkate avIcimhi nippattissasI' ti vatvA nirayabhayena pitaraM tajjesi / puna ca pitaraM micchAdiTThikammena garahanto imAyo gAthAyo abhAsi-- 22 adassane morassa' sikkhino maJjubhANino / kAkaM tattha apUjeyyuM maMsena ca phalena ca / / yadA ca rasasampanno moro va merumAgamA / atha lAbho ca sakkAro vAyasassa ahAyatha / / yAva nuppajjati buddho dhammarAjA pabhaGkaro / tattha a ajeyyuM puthu samaNabrAhmaNe / / yadA ca rasasampanno buddho dhammamadesayi / atha lAbho ca sakkAro titthiyAnaM ahAyatha / / yathA pi khajjopanakA kAlapakkhamhi rattiyA / dassayanti ca obhAsaM etesaM viya sobho / yadA ca rasmisampanno abhudeti Gkaro / atha khajjopanakAnaM pabhA antaradhAyati / / 8 evaM khajjupasadisA tithiyApi bahU / kAlapakkhupamA loke dIpayanti sakaM guNaM / / 1. S.D.P. and P. apUjeyyuM; 3. B.EL. dassayati ca obhAso; 6 5. P. and S.D.P. ambhareti; 7. B.FL. khajjopanasamo; 9. B.FL. and S.D. P. lokasmiM; yadA ca buddho lokamhi udeti amitabhA / nippabhA titthiyA honti sUriyo khajjupamo yathA ti / / 10 7 2. so in all three mss. 4. B.FL. etesu viya sobhiyo / 6. P. and S.D.P. khajjupamasaMghAnaM / 8. B.F.L. puthU / 10. S. D. P. khajjupamA; BF.L. khajjupabhA /

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tatiyo paricchedo 23 so pi tINi divasAni adhivAsetvA catutthadivase attano puttena vuttaM buddhaguNaM anussaritvA 'iti pi so bhagavAtyAdIni vAcetvA tIs saraNe anavajjapasAdo hutvA-"ajjatagge pANupetaM saraNaM gatomhI" ti vatvA Aha"ayaM tAta bhagavA meM satthA, ahaM upAsako" ti| sopi buddhaguNaM nissAya attano diDhiM nidhibandamAno sotApattiphale ptitthtthaati'''| buddhaghoso ca dvAraM vivarApetvA attano pitaraM gandhodakena nhApetvA gandhamAlAdIhi taM pUjetvA attano dosaM khmaapesi| sopi sotApanato paTThAya sammAsambuddhaM pasaMsanto imA gAthAyo abhAsi seTThabhaggehi yutto yo arahanto padakkhiNaM / sabbadhammesu sambuddho so me satthA dijuttamo / / vijjAcaraNasampanno sabbadhammassa sugato / sabbalokesu jAnanto so me satthA dijuttamo / / . anuttaro yo bhagavA purisAnaJca dammako / assAnaM sArathi viya so me satthA dijuttamo ti / / so pana attano pituvacanaM sutvA somanassacitto hutvA "sAdhu sAdhU' ti pitaraM anumodi| / / iti buddhaghosena katassa micchAdiTThiyA pitumocanupAyassa tatiyaparicchedavaNNanA samattA / / 1. Three mss. upaaskosi| 2. S.D.P. ptitttthhi| 3. S.D.P. sotaapnkaalto| 4. S.D.P. araho pana dkkhinnN| 5. B.E.L. omits this stanza.

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catuttho paricchedo __ so ca taM attano pitaraM sotApattiphale patiThThapetvA attano dosaM khamApetvA taJca ApucchitvA upajjhAyassa santikaM punaagmi| so upajjhAyena pesito yathAbhirantaM vasitvA laMkAdIpagamanatthAya taJca ApucchitvA mahAvANijehi saddhiM titthaM gantvA nAvaM AruhitvA pkkmi| tassa ca nikkhamanadivase yeva buddhadattamahAthero pi laMkA dIpato nikkhamanto 'puna jambudIpaM AgamAmA' ti cintetvA saha vANijehi nAvaM AruhitvA Agato va hoti| buddhaghoso pi tINi divasAni mahAsamudde nAvAya pakkanto yeva hoti| buddhadatto pi tINi divasAni mahAsamudde nAvAya punAgami yev| sakkAdInaM devAnaM AnubhAvena dvinaM therAnaM dve nAvA ekato saMghaTTitA va hutvA attuNsu| atha vANijA naM disvA bhItacittA va ajamalaM pssiNsu| dvIsu theresu buddhaghoso bahi nikkhamanto yeva attano sahAyavANije bhItacitte disvA apare vANije pucchi--"bhonto tumhAkaM nAvAya ko nu pabbajito Agato atthI'' ti| buddhadattassa pana sahAyavaNijA pi "buddhadatto atthI' ti vdiNsu|' taM sutvA buddhadatto bahi nikkhamitvA theraM passitvA ativiya tuTTho pucchi'tuvaM Avuso kinAmosI' ti| so Aha "buddhaghoso' ti| kahaM gatosI' "ti laGkAdIpaM" ahaM gatomhi bhante'' ti| kimatthAya gatosI ti''? ___ "buddhasAsanaM sIhalabhAsAya ThapitaM; taM parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya ThapetuM gatomhI' ti| so Aha "buddhasAsanaM parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya likhitvA AgamanatthAya pesito ahaJca jinAlaMkAradantadhAtubodhivaMsaganthe yeva bandhAmi, na aTThakathATIkAyo, yadi bhavaM sAsanaM sIhalabhAsAya parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya karosi -- - 1. B.EL. omits this sentence, which in somewhat inaccurately expresseb in the two other Mss. both leaving out Buddhabatto before atthe ti. 2. S.D.P. kthetuN| 3. B.F.L. likkhituM pesito for likhitvA AgamanatthAya pesito| 4. S.D.P. ganthaM; 5. B.E.L omits ttiikaa|

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catutyo paricchedo 2 tiNNaM piTakAnaM aTThakathATIkAyo karohI" ti buddhaghosaM ArAdhetvA sakkena devAnaM indena attano dinnaM haritakiM ayamayaM daNDalekhanaJca sIlaJca tassa datvA anumodi / so ca - "yadA te cakkhurogo vA piTThirujjanaM vA uppajjati tadA idaM haritakiM silAyaM pisetvA rujjanaTThAne limpetvA tumhaM rogo vUpasamatI "ti tassa AnubhAvaM dasetvA tassa adAsi / so jinAlaMkAre tAva Adimhi- sukhaJca dukkhaM samAtAyupekkhaM / nevicchi yo kAmamakAmanItaM / asaMkhAtaM saMkhAtasambhavaMbhavaM / hitvA gato taM sugataM namAmI' ti / / namakAragAthaM sutvA Aha - " bhante tava gantho ativiya vilAsena racito ; pacchA kulaputtehi na sakkA atthaM jAnituM, bAlapurisehi dubbiti / " Avuso buddhaghosa ahaM tayA pubbe laGkAdIpe bhagavato sAsanaM kAtuM AgatomhI" ti vatvA "ahaM appAyuko, na ciraM jIvAmi; tasmA na sakkomi sAsanaM kAtuM; tvaM yeva sAdhu karohi" ti Aha / evaM pariyattisAsane dvinaM therAnaM vacanapariyosAne vANijAnaM dve nAvA sayameva muJcitvA gatA / tAsu buddhaghosassa nAvA laMkAdIpAbhimukhA hutvA gatA hoti, buddhadattassa pana nAvA jambudIpAbhimukhA hutvA gatA / atha buddhadatto saha vANijehi jambUdIpaM patto / katipAhaM vasitvA samaNadhammaM pUretvA kAlaM katvA tusitapure' nibbatti / vANijA pana therassa catupaccayanissandena kAlaM katvA tAvatiMsabhavane nibbatiMsu / buddhaghoso pi vANijehi saddhiM laMkAdIpaM patto / dvijaThAnatitthassa samIpe nAvaM ThapetvA vasi / / / iti buddhaghosassa laGkAdIpaM saMpattagamanacatutthaparicchedavaNNanA samattA / / 25 1. P. and B.FL harItakaM; 3. P. ativiya lAbhena; B.F.L. ativisAlena / 2. B.EL omits anumodi, so ca / 4. S. D. P. duvijJeyyo / B . F. L. has gaNikA viya alaGkArahi chAdeti instead of bAlapurisehi dubbiyo / 5. S.D.P. karituM; 6. S. D. P. tUssitapUre / 6

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paMcamo paricchedo 2 tasmiM katipAhaM vasante yeva anto- laMkAdIpe brAhmaNAnaM dve dAsiyo ghaTa AdAya udakaM osiJcituM gatA / dvIsu ekabrAhmaNadAsI purato titthagatodakaM osiJcitvA aarohti| tassA pi ArohanakAle yeva ekA brAhmaNadAsI turitaturitA va pacchato tasmiM titthe gatA yeva / tassA ghaTena orohanabrAhmaNadAsiyA ghaTo paTihaJJamAno va bhijji / sA ghaTabhinnA brAhmaNadAsI taM kujjhitvA paribhAsitvA -- ' dAsIputtosi, gaNikAya puttosi goNo viya na jAnAsI "ti atirekatarassa akkosanavatthUhi taM akkosi / itarA pi attano paribhAsaM sutvA va kuddhA hutvA tatheva paribhAsi taM akoccha / hutaM va sA pi akkosanaparibhAsanakathA dvIhi dAsIhi kathitvA ativiya aGgatarA' bhANavAramataM va ahosi / 6 buddhaghoso taM sutvA cintesi - "idha aJJo koci natthi; imAyo dAsiyo aJJamaJJaM paribhAsitvA maM sakkhiM katvA attano sAmikAnaM Arocessanti; atha maM pucchissanti, pucchana kAle dassAmI' ti dvinaM paribhAsana vacanaM attano potthake likhitvA Thapesi - "tAsu ekA IdisaM nAma paribhAsaM karoti; aparA IdisaM nAma paribhAsanti " | tA pi cIrataraM aJJama atiparibhAsanena kilantamukhA gehaM gantvA attano sAmikAnaM aarocesuN| so pana ghaTabhinnAya dAsiyA sAmiko asantuTTho itarAya sAmikena kalahaM katvA raJJo vinicchayaThAnaM gantvA taM Acikkhi / rAjA vinicchitvA ahaM chindituM asamattho ko nAma tumhAkaM sakkhi' ti pucchi / 7 dvIsu ekA - eko deva Agantuko saMghadaNDako titthe atthi; so mavhaM sakkhI, ti rAjAnaM snypesi| 1. S. D. P. ghaTAya udakaM osiJcitvA gatA / B.EL. ghaTe AdAya udakatthAya AgatA / 2. B.EL. tAsu / 3. B.F.L. atirekataraM dasahi akkosavatthUhi / 4. B.F.L. paribhAsati, akkosati / 5. B.FL. siGghatarA, P. asaGgatarA; S. D. P. aGgatarA / 6. B.EL. bhANavAramattA / 7. S.D.P. and P, vinicchayatabbaTThAnaM; P vinicchayitabbaThAnaM /

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paMcamo paricchedo 27 itarA pi' tameva theraM uddisitvA tatheva rAjAnaM saapesi| atha rAjA taM sutvA theraM pucchApetuM dUtaM pesesi|| buddhaghoso pi "dvinnaM brAhmaNitthInaM paribhAsanakathA mayA ekantena sutA; api ca mayaM pabbajitA nAma na sallakmA ; ti avatvA' attanA likhitaparibhAsanalaJjanapotthakaM dUtassa hatthe datvA 'tAta idameva laJjanapotthakaM ro dassehI' ti aah| dUto taM gahetvA raJjo dssesi| rAjA taM vAcApetvA dve dAsiyo pucchi"are bhotiyo IdisA nAma paribhAsanA tumhehi saccaM kathitA; ti| tA pi "saccaM devA' ti aahNsu| rAjA Aha 'garubhAradhAriko nAma agarubhAradhArikena vajjetabbo' ti; vatvA ca pana abhinaghaTAya brAhmaNadAsiyA daNDaM daapesi| atha so rAjA taM theraM dadrukAmo brAhmaNe pucchi 'so tAdiso javanapaJo kahaM vasatI' ti| brAhmaNA micchAdiTThikA therassa guNaM maccharino 'deva ayaM saMghadaNDako vANijjatthAya Agato' tumhehi daTuM ananurUpo' ti aahesu| rAjA taM sutvA therassa guNe pasIditvA pasaMsanto dve gAthAyo abhAsi samaNesu ca sabbesu laMkAdIpe bahUsu pi / tAdiso samaNo nAma na diTThapubbo yo idh|| . tAdisaM sIlasampannaM javANaM mahAtapaM / yo ca pUjeti mAneti saggaM so upagacchatI' ti|| evaM dvIhi gAthAhi buddhaghosassa guNaM vatvA rAjA tuNhI ahosi| iti buddhaghosena kathitassa attano pAya dvinaM braahmnndaasiinN| / / sakkhibhAvassa paJcamaparicchedavaNNanA smttaa|| 1. S.D.P. and P ekA pn| 2. S.D.P. dUte; 3. B.EL. braahmnnidaasiinN| 4. B.EL. sakkhimhA; 5. B.E.L. vatvA / 6. P. 'IdisaM nAma paribhAsanaM tumhehi kathitaM saccaM kathitaM' ti| 7. S.D.P. and P. dve dAsiyoM instead of tA pi| 8. S.D.P. javANaM; 9. S.D.P. saggaM so ca upjjhgaa|

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chaTThamo paricchedo tato paTThAya thero laMkAdIpavAsisaMgharAjamahAtherassa vandanatthAya gto| so ca taM vanditvA saMgharAjamahAtherassa santike abhighammavinaye sikkhantAnaM bhikkhUna pacchato ekamantaM nisiidi| __ athekasmiM divase saMGgharAjA bhikkhUnaM sikkhanto abhidhamme gaNThipadaM patvA tassa ca gaNThipadassa adhippAyaM apassitvA ajAnitvA mUlho hutvA bhikkhU uyyojento antogabbhaM pavisitvA taM gaNThipadaM vicAretvA nisiidi| tassa pana pavisanakAle yeva buddhaghoso abhidhamme gaNThipadaM ajAnantaM mahAtheraM atvA uTThAyAsanA upasseyyaphalake gaNThipadassa atthaJca adhippAyaJca likhitvA ThapetvA va attano nAvaM gto|| tassa pana gaNThipadassa atthaM punappunaM cintentassa atthaJca adhippAyaJca ajAnitvA gabbhato nikkhamantassa nisinnakAle yeva taM akkharaM pAkaTaM ahosi| disvA ca pana tApase pucchi--"idaM akkharaM nAma kena likhitaM'' ti| tApasA AhaMsu-'bhante Agantukena bhikkhunA taM likhitaM bhavissatI ti'| 'so kuhiM gato ti' vatvA "tumhe pariyesitvA taM gahetvA mayhaM dassethA' ti tApase aannaapesi| tApasA pariyesamAnA passitvA taM ArAdhetvA saMgharAjassa dssesuN| so pi saMgharAjA "idaM kira akkharaM nAma tayA likhitaM' ti pucchitvA 'Ama bhante' ti vutte 'tena hi tayA tIhi piTakehi bhikkhusaMgho sikkhitabbo' ti bhikkhusaMghassa pttiniyyaadeti|' buddhaghoso pi taM paTikkhipi--" nAhaM bhante bhikkhusaMghe sikkhanatthAya jambudIpato laGkAdIpaM Agato buddhasAsanaM pana sIhalabhAsAya parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya likkhanatthAya Agato" ti attano AgatakAraNaM tassa Arocesi / 1. the reading of this sentence in P. and S.D.P. is as folliws- " so pi saGgharAjA puTTho' idaM kira akkharaM nAma tayA likhitaM ti; 'Ama bhante' ti Aha; so puTTho tena puTThasmiM 'pakatiyA tIhi piTakehi bhikkhusaGghA sikkhitabbA' ti vatvA bhikkhusaGgha tassa pttivedesi|' 2. This sentences appears as follows in P. and S.D.P.- buddhaghoso pi taM paTikkhipi 'nAhaM bhante bhikkhusaGke sikkhituM icchAmi; laGkAdIpaM Agatomhi' ti Aha; 'kasmA, ahaM pana jambudIpavAsi; tathAgata buddhasAsanaM sIhalabhAsato parivattitvA mAgadhabhAsAya likhissAmi mantA gto'|

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chaTThamo paricchedo 29 so taM sutvA ativiya tuTTho 'yadi sAsanaM mAgadhabhAsAya likkhissAmI' ti vatvA aagtosi| sIle patiTThAya naro spnyo| cittaM paJaJca bhAvayaM / AtApI nipako bhikkhu / so imaM vijaTaye jaTaM ti / / bhagavatA vuttagAthAya tINi piTakAni yojatvA amhAkaM dassehI' ti aah| so sAdhU' ti sampaTicchitvA attano vasanaTThAnaM gto| tasmiM divase sunakkhattena vaDDamAnacchAyAya sIle patiTThAya naro spnyo| cittaM paJaJca bhAvayaM / atApI nipako bhikkhu / so imaM vijaTaye jaTaM ti / / Adi katvA visuddhimaggapakaraNaM atilahukena likhi| niTThapetvA ca pana 'ThapessAmI' ti nidrUpagato hoti| ___ atha sakko devarAjA therena ThapitalikhitaM visuddhimaggaM thenetvA gto| thero ca pabujjhitvA attano pakaraNaM adisvA puna ca paraM visuddhimaggapakaraNaM ativiya turitaturito dIpAlokena likhi| taM pi niTThapetvA attano sIse ThapetvA puna nipgto| sakko ca devarAjA puna taM thenetvA gato hoti| thero kiJci supitvA puna pabujjhitvA taM na pssi| majjhimayAme sampatte yeva kira sakko devarAjA dutiyavAre duvidhaM pakaraNaM thenetvA gto| thero pabujjhitvA taM adisvA turitaturito puna ca paraM visuddhimaggapakaraNaM dIpAlokena likhi| likhitAvasAne cIvarena bandhitvA va supati / sakko devarAjA parimagahite dve pakaraNe therassa sIse thapetvA gto| vibhAtAya rattiyA pabajjhitvA va attanA likhite pakaraNe devarAjena attano ussIsake Thapite disvA somanasso 1. S.D.P. supi| 2. S.D.P. usisakke; P and B.F.L. usisgge|

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30 buddhaghosuppatti hutvA sarIravalaJjanakiccaM katvA dve ganthAni AdAya attano bandhitaganthena saddhiM laMGkAdIpavAsisaMgharAjatherassa dasseti / tIsu ganthesu kira tisatasahassanavanahutadvesahassAdhikAni dasasahassAni akkharAni yeva honti| so pi tINi disvA acchiriyabhUto 'kasmA tINi pakaraNAnI' ti pucchitvA 'iminA kAraNenA' ti vutte vimhayamAno tINi ganthAni vaacaapeti| tIsu yasmiM padese ye nipAtopasaggA saddA therena likhitA tassa tasmiM padese te samasamA a-vi-sadisA likhitA viya titttthnti| tena samasame a-visadisasadise disvA ativiya somanasso va 'tassa bhagavato sAsanaM mAgadhabhAsAya karohI' ti anujaani| anujAnitvA ca panassa pAya guNaM pasaMsanto dve gathA abhAsi yo passatIdisaM palaM abhinnapaTisambhidaM / / sabbadhammesu kosallaM buddhaM so viya passati / / tvaJceva ANasampanno amhAkaova' seTThaGgo / tva va sAsanantassa karassu munino sadA ti / / tato paTThAya so tasmiM dIpe buddhaghoso ti nAmena laGkAdIpe manussAnaM pAkaTo hoti| tenAhu porANA buddhaghoso ti nAmena pAkaTo sabbadIpake / manussAnaM sadA seTTho buddho viya mahItale ti|| / / iti laGkAdIpavAsimahAttherena ajanujAnitasAsanassa buddhaghosassa chaTThamaparicchedavaNNanA smttaa|| 1. S.D.P. dssesi| 2. S.D.P. nipAtopasaggAdayo; 4. S.D.P. tvaM yeva; 3. B.EP. pbhinnN| 5. S.D.P. amhaaknycev|

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sattamo paricchedo so yathAbhirantaM vasitvA' attano sAruppasenAsanaM saMgha yAci munindasAsanassa lekhntthaay| mahAthero therassa vasituM lohapAsAdaM daapesi| so kira lohapAsAdo sattabhUmiko ahosi| tAsu cha bhUmiyo chahi mahAtherehi vasitA honti| katame cha? eko catpArisRddhisIladharo dutiye vasati; eko dhutaGgadharo tatiye vasati; eko suttantadharo catutthe vasati; eko abhidhammadharo paJcame vasati; eko vinayadharo chaDhe vasati; eko maggaphalatthAya tilakkhaNabhAvanAyuttajhAnadharo sattame bhUmitale vsti| pAsAdassa heTThimabhUmitalA suJA abhikkhukA hoti|| buddhaghoso panassa heTThimatale sujhe pttivsti| so kira dhutaGgadharo hoti, sabbapariyattidharo ca hoti| vasanto ca pana bhagavato sAsanaM dIpabhAsato parivattetvA mAgadhabhAsAya divase divase likhi| puna divase so pAto va piNDAya caranto sayaMpatitatAlapaNNaM disvA AdAya gocaragAmato pttikkmi| idameva cassa vattaM ti veditbbN| athekasmiM divase tAlAruLahakapuriso paNDito byatto kusalattiko tassa kiriyaM disvA acchidaM akhaNDakaM tAlapaNNaM tassa piNDapAtaThAne vikiritvA niliyi| thero piNDapAtAvasAne taM AdAya gto| so tassa anugantvA therassa likhanakiccaM disvA pasannacitto hutvA ekadivase bhattapacchiM AdAya therassa puujesi| thero taJca bho upAsaka mahaM uparimatale Thito seTThataro; tassa tava bhojanaM dadAhI' ti vdti| so therena anujJAto pacchiM AdAya uparimatale Thitassa mahAtherassa adaasi| eteneva mukhena ekabhattapacchi yAva sattama bhUmitale Thitassa ayyassa smpaapunni| 1. B.E.L. viharitvA; 2. B.EL. anuruupss| 3. B.F.L. hoti| 4. S.D.P. tilakkhaNabhAvanAya yutto jhaanghro| 5. P. and S.D.P. idameva cassa vattaM; 6. P. and S.D.P. hoti| 7. P. and S.D.P. ekadivasamhi so| 8. S.D.P. has 'so' taJca bho upAsaka uparitale Thitassa ayyassa dadAhI vadati; kasmA ca pana vadAma upariThito mamhaM seMTThataro ca hoti|'

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32 buddhaghosuppatti so ca uparimatale Thito taM Aha-- "heTThimatale buddhaghoso amhehi guNavisiTTho; divase divase buddhasAsanaM likhi; tasseva dadAhI ti"| ___ so taM sutvA bhattapacchiM AdAya sattabhUmitalA oruyha buddhaghosassa puna adaasi| ___ so "sAdhu sAdhU" ti sampaTicchi; sampaTicchitvA ca pana sattakoTThAsena bhAjApetvA cha koTThAse channaM therAnaM daapesi| idameva tassa vttN| so buddhaghoso sAsanaM likkhanto yeva tayo mAse khepetvA niTheM gto| vuTThavasso tato paTThAya pavAretvA attanA likhitasAsanaM saMgharAjassa pttivedesi| so 'sAdhu sAdhU' ti anumoditvA ca pana tassa guNaM pakAsento dve gathAyo abhAsi sAsanaM nAma dullabhaM buddhaseTThassa bhAsitaM / parivattAnubhAvena taM passAma yathAsukhaM / / yathA pi puriso andho samAsamaM na passati / tathA mayaM na passAma sAsanaM buddhabhAsitaM ti / / - tato paTThAya so pi mahindatherena likhApitAni ganthAni rAsiM kArApetvA mahAcetiyassa samIpe parisuddhaThAne jhaapesi| sIhaLabhAsAya kira mahindatherena likhApitAni sabbaganthAni rAsikatAni ubbedhena sattamajjhimahatthipidvipamANAni hontI ti pubbAcarayiA vadantI ti amhehi sutN| sIhalabhAsAya katAnaM sabbesaM ganthAnaM jhApanakAlato paTThAya so ca attano mAtApitUnaM dassanatthAya saMGkha Apucchi--'ahaM bhante jambudIpaM gamituM icchAmI' ti vatvA vANijehi saddhiM nAvaM ArohituM aarbbhi| tassa attano nAvAbhirUhanakkhaNe 1. P and S.D.P. so ca uparitale Thito taM Aha--'heTThimatalassa buddhaghosassa amhehi guNavi___ siTThassa divase divase buddhasAsanaM likhantasseva ddaahii|' 2. S.D.P. saGghasse va; 3. P. and S.D.P. pkaasnto| 4. S.D.P. sabbAni ganthAni; 5. P. and S.D.P. kthitaanN| 6. P. and S.D.P. nAvaM gtkkhnne|

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sattamo paricchedo 33 yeva sIhaLavAsino bhikkhU sakkaTaganthe paguNataM avamaJanti-'ayaM thero dhi nu tepiTakaM buddhasAsanaM jAnAti maje na sakkaTaganthaM' ti| tesaM avamaJavacanaM sutvA therassa sahAyavANijA tassa aarocesuN| thero taM sutvA 'sAdhu sAdhU' ti vatvA laGkAdIpavAsino saMgharAjamahAtherassa paTivedesi-'bhante sve uposathadivase puNNamiyaM ahaM pi sakkaTaganthaM bhAsissAmi; catuparisA mahAcetiyaGgaNe sannipAtetU' ti| so pAto va parisAya majjhe sakkaTaganthaM dassento dhammAsanaM Aruvha ThatvA sakkaTaganthena imA gAthAyo abhAsi cattAro kira acchariyA abbhutadhammA buddhaghose santi / katame cattAro? sace bhikkhuparisA buddhaghosadassanAya upasaGkamati dassanenassa attamanA hoti / tatra ca buddhaghoso dhammaM bhAsati bhAsitena pissa attamanA hoti| atittA ca bhikkhuparisA hoti atha kho buddhaghoso tuNhI hoti| sace bhikkhuNIparisA upAsakaparisA upAsikAparisA buddhaghosadassanAya upasaGkamati dassanena pissa attamanA hoti; tatra ce buddhaghoso dhammaM bhAsati bhAsitena pissa attamanA hoti| atittA va hoti atha kho buddhaghosa tuNhI hotI ti| evaM cattAro acchariyA abbhutadhammA buddhaghose santi Ayasmante Anande viya, tasmA buddhaghosassa desanAkAle yeva catasso parisA attano attano vatthacelakamuttAhAravalayAdIni muJcitvA dhammapUjAya therassa pAdamUle vikriNsu| vatthAdIni pana pUjAbhaNDAni kira sattahatthamajjhimahatthipiTThipamANAni honti| 1. B.E.L. kinnu For dhi nu; . 2. S.D.P. mahAcetiyassa sntike| 3. P and S.D.P. kathitAnaM; 4. Two texts gnthe| 5. B.EL. uppjjnti| &. B.F.L. uses the pural verb with fear in this and the following sentences, and tattha for ttr| 7. P. and S.D.P. have the following construction after santi-cattAro acchariyA abbhutadhammA viya ayasmante Anande santI ti tasmA, Sc. 8. B.EL. puujento| 9. P. and S.D.P. omit pitttthi| .

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buddhaghosuppatti so pana' tAni anapekkho va hutvA dhammAsanato' oruyha saMghaM vanditvA mahallakaM mahAtheraM ApucchitvA vANijehi saddhiM nAvaM Aruyha jambudIpAbhimukho paayaasi| tassa ca gatakAle yeva yAcakavaNibbakasamaNabrAhmaNAdayo manussA tAni therassa dhammapUjabhaNDAni yathAruciM yeva gahetvA pakkamiMsu / 34 / / iti buddhaghosanAmatherena attanA paguNasakkaTaganthena kathitadhammadesanAya sattamaparicchedavaNNanA samattA / / 1. P. and S.D. P. pi; 3. P. and S.D.P. pUjAni bhaNDAni / 2. P. and S.D.P. dhammadesanaTThAnato /

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aTThamo paricchedo thero sakkaTaganthe attano paTubhAvaM pakAsetvA jambudIpAbhimukho va hutvA samuddamajjhe Agacchanto yeva vANije anusAsanto dve gAthAyo abhAsiyathA mayupanissAya nAvaM gacchAma aNNave / / __nAvA ca amhe nissAya titthapattA bhavissati / saggatitthaM patiTThAya paJAnAvupanissAya / puJjanAvupanissAma amhe sagge sukhAvahA ti / / so titthappatto attano sahAyavANije ApucchitvA attano pattacIvaraM AdAya upajjhAyassa santikaM gto| pariyattisaMkhAtassa buddhasAsanassa attanA likhitakamma Acikkhi; AcikkhitvA ca pana upajjhAyadaNDakammaM mocetvA attano dosaM khamApetvA taM vanditvA ApucchitvA va mAtApitUnaM santikaM gato hoti| mAtApitaro pissa attano puttaM disvA vanditvA paNItena AhArena taM parivisitvA tassa dosaM khamApetvA attano kAlabhAvaM atvA maraNAsannakAle buddhaguNaM anussaritvA tusItapure nibbattitvA kanakavimAne paTivasanti / tesaM pi dAsakammakarAdInaM brAhmaNAnaM keci therassa ovAde ThatvA kAlaM katvA devaloke nibbattiMsu; keci yathAkammaM gati ahesuN| thero pana tiNNaM ratanAnaM attano paNAmavacanaM dassetvA tesu sAdhujanAnaM pAmojjanatthAya "evaM pi tiNNaM ratanAnaM Idiso nAma paNAmo tumhehi kAtabbo ti' vuccamAno viya ratanattayassa sarUpaM dassanto Aha 1. mAtapitaro pissa attano puttaM disvA vanditvA paNItena AhArena prvisisuN| te attano nissAya micchAdiDhi pajahitvA sammAdiSTuiM dAnAdipuJja katvA AyutapariyosAne kAlaM katvA tusItapure nibbttiNsu| 2. so in P. and S.D.P 3. Toe following reading occurs in B.EL.-tesaM pi dAsakammakarAdayo therassa ovAde __ThatvA kAlaM katvA yebhUyyena devaloke nibbttiNsu| 4. P. and S.D.P. so ca; 5. P. and S.D.P. kto| 6. P. and S.D.P. only vatvA for vuccamAno viya; 7. S.D.P. rtnttyaanN|

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36 Aha buddhaghosuppatti yo bhagavA visuddhakhandhasa dhammo nAma bhagavatA desito / navavidho lokuttaradhammo / / piTakato tANi piTakAni - vinapiTakaM, suttantapiTakaM, abhidhammapiTikaM ti; nikAyato paJcanikAyAni--dIghanikAyo, majjhimanikAyo, saMyuttanikAyo, aMguttaranikAyo, khuddakanikAyo ti; aGgato nava aGgAni sutta, geyyaM, gAthA, veyyAkaraNaM, udAnaM, itivRttakaM, jAtakaM, abbhutadhammaM, vedallaM ti; dhammakkhandhato caturAsIti dhammakkhandhasahassAni; abhidhamme cattAridasasahassAni dvisahassa - dhammakkhandhA; vinaye dvAdasasahassAni ekasahassadhammakkhandha ca; suttante dvAdasasahassAni ekasahassadhammakhandhA cA ti; saMgho cattAro maggaTThA cattAro phalaTThA cA ti aTThannaM ariyAnaM samUho / ' iti ratanattayassa sarUpaM dassetvA attano paNAmaJca pakAsento imaM gAthaM 2 yo va so buddho ti niyamAgato / buddhe dhamme ca saMghe ca kato eko pi aJjalI / pahomi bhavadukkhaggiM nibbApetuM asesato ti / / so ca ratanattayassa paNAmAvasAne bhagavato sAsanassa dUsanatthAya katakiccAnaM dussIlAnaM sIlarakkhane asikkhitacittAnaM jIvitatthAya katakuhakAnaM kammaJca pakAsento imA gathAyo abhAsi-- 4 yathA pi hi migindassa sIhassa migarAjino / tassa maMsaM na khAdanti siMgAlA sunakhAdhamA / sarIre samupannA va kimiyo maMsabhojanA / sIhamaMsAni khAdanti na aJJe sApadA migA / tatheva sakyasIhassa nibbutassa pi sAsane / na dUsayanti saddhammaM idvipattA pi titthiyA / ime va pApabhikkhU ye muNDA saMghATipArutA / te dUsayanti saddhammaM sammAsambuddhadesitaM ti / / 1. Pand S.D. P. visuddhiravaM / 2. This last sentences saGgavho - samUho in omitted in P. and S.D.P. 3. B.EL. dassanatthAya; 4. BF.L. susikkhitaM; S. D. P. has asikkhitasikkhAnaM / 3

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aTThamo paricchedo iti bhagavato sAsanassa dUsanatthAya katakiccAnaM pApabhikkhUnaM yeva kamma pakAsanAvasAne pana pi sabbesaJca sattAnaM rattidivesu pavattaAnApAnAni dassanto imaM gAthaM Aha divA satasahassAni aTThasatAdhikAni ca / rattiJceva tathA eva AnApAnaM pavattatI' ti / / dassetvA ca pana attano maraNamaJce nisinno AyusaMGkhAraM vicArento appAyukabhAvaM atvA upajjhAyaM vanditvA taJca ApucchitvA mahAbodhi gantvA mahAbodhirukkhe sabbavattAdIni pUjupakAraNAni katvA mahAbodhirukkhaM pasaMsanto dve gAthA abhAsibodhiM nissAya sambuddho sambuddho dvipaduttamo / bodhipatto ca so hoti mArasenapamaddanA / yo bodhiM AdaraM katvA pUjAya abhipUjayi / so ca buddhaM viya pUjeti sabbadukkhA pamuJcaso ti / / iti pasaMsitvA so ca ekantena attano kAlaM JatvA 'maraNaM nAma tividhaMsamucchedamaraNaM, khaNikamaraNaM, samutimaraNaM ti, tattha samucchedamaraNaM nAma khINAsavassa kAlaM, khaNikamaraNaM nAma anantaruppajjananiruddhAnaM bhavaGgAdivIthicittAnaM kAlaM: samutimaraNaM nAma sabbesaM sattAnaM kAlaM' ti atvA 'tesu mamhaM samutimaraNena bhavitabba' ti cintesi| cintetvA ca pana maraNadivase buddhaguNena saddhiM attano sIlaM anussaramAno kAlaM katvA tusItapure nibbattitvA dvAdasayojanike kanakavimAne devaccharasahassapirivArA saddhiM pttivsti| yadA metteyyo bodhisatto idha manussaloke sabbaJjatapatto hessati tadA so ca tassa sAvako bhavissati aggo ca seTTho ca metteyyassa bhagavato sabbadhammes appaTihatena attano aannvsen| so ca sattakkhattuM metteyyena bhagavatA etadagge Thapito bhavissati-'mama sAvakAnaM dhammavinayadharAnaM bahussutAnaM ANagatInaM ANadharAnaM yadidaM buddhaghoso' ti|| 1. P. and S.D.P. kmmss| 2. pavatta does not occur in P. and S.D.P; 3. P. and S.D.P. vicAretvA / 4. P. and S.D.P. attano kAlaM; 5. P. and S.D.P. mhaabodhisntikN| 6. The reading of this in B.EL. is- so ca buddhaJca pUjeti sabbadukkhA pmuccye|

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buddhaghosuppatti tasmi buddhaghose pana there kAlaMkate yevassa kalevarajhApanatthAya samaNabrAhmaNAdayo sabbe devamanussA candanarukkhehi citakaM kArApetvA ratanacittakAni agghiyAni ussApetvA tassa kalevaraM candanarukkhacitake saha suvaNNamaJcena pakkhipitvA sAdarena jhApayiMsu / tassa kalevarajhApitAvasAne brAhmaNAdayoM manussA dhAtuyo gatvA mahAbodhisamIpe yeva suddhesu bhUmipadesesu nidahitvA thUpaM kArayiMsu / tepi sabbe therassa guNe pasAdetvA iminA pUjAnissandena kAlaGkatvA devalokesu uppajjitvA yathAkammaM dibbasampattiyo anubhavantI ti / etasseva tusItapure vasantassa therassa pana kAlato paTThAya pubbAcariyA duppa puggale attAnaM pasaMsante 'paJJavantamhA' ti maJJante garahantA tisso gAthAyo AhaMsu - 5. 38 kAlaGkate buddhaghose' kavimhA ti bahUtarA / dupaJJa bAlajanA pi cintayiMsu punapunaM / / buddhaghose patiTThante paJJavantA pi ye janA / tesaM paJJapabhA natthi rAhumukhe va candimA / / tasmA jaheyya medhAvI paJJavA ti pasaMsanaM / 7 attAnaM saMyamaM katvA so sukhaM na vihAyatI' ti / / / / iti ettAvatA mahAmaGgalanAmena ekena therena pubbAcariyAnaM santikA yathApariyattiM paJJAya racitassa javanahAsatikkhanibbedhikapaJJasampannassa buddhaghosasseva nAma mahAttherassa nidAnassa aTThamaparicchedavaNNanA samattA / / 1. P. suvaNNamaJcavasena; S.D.P. maJcasena / 2. P. and S.D.P. nidahiMsu, omitting dhUpaM kArayiMsu / 3. P. and S.D. P. therassa / 4. P. and S.D. P dibbasampattiM abhibhavanti / 5. B.FL. has evaM therassa anantarato paTThAya / 6. P. and S.D.P. have saGghate buddhaghose pi| 7. P. and S.D. P. psNsne| 8. All Mss. sukhA /

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racanAkArassa kAmanA buddhaghosassa nidAnaM evaM taM racitaM myaa| nidAnassa racanena paJavA homi sbbdaa|| labheyyaJca ahaM tassa metteyysmaagmN| metteyyo nAma sambuddho tAreti janataM bahuM / / yadA metteyyataM patto dhAreyyaM piTakattayaM / tadAhaM paJavA homi metteyya upasantike ti||

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kriyAsaMgrahaH sampAdakaH pro. rAmazaGkaratripAThI adhyakSacaraH, zramaNa-vidyA-saMkAyasya

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pUrvavAk bhAratIya vidvatparamparA ne bAhya bhautika vikAsa kI upekSA nahIM kI, phira bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mArga kI nirantara khoja kii| usakI isa vikAsa yAtrA ke aneka pakSa haiN| tantravidyA usakI yAtrA kA utkarSa-bindu hai| tantravidyA kA kSetra atyanta vistRta evaM gambhIra hai| isameM darzana, vijJAna, kalA, sAdhanA Adi sabhI mAnavIya pakSa samAviSTa haiN| yaha eka paripUrNa samyagdRSTi hai| bhautika aura AdhyAtmika donoM prakAra ke vikAsa kA yaha uttama sAdhana haiN| isameM sabhI varNa aura liGga ke logoM kA praveza anumata hai| buddhatva kI prApti isakA carama uddezya hai| zAkyamuni bhagavAn buddha ne karuNAvaza sarvaprathama bodhicitta kA utpAda kara pAramitAoM kI sAdhanA dvArA puNya evaM jJAna sambhAra kA arjana kiyaa| tadanantara usake dvArA klezAvaraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa kA prahANa kara buddhatva prApta kiyaa| usake bAda vibhinna Azaya, dhAtu evaM buddhikSamatA vAle vineya janoM ke anusAra aneka prakAra kI dharma dezanAeM kiiN| zrIparvata para dhAnyakaTaka meM bhagavAn buddha ne tantraviSayaka dharmacakra kA pravartana kiyaa| jaba vipulagiri meM sAmAnya sUtroM kA saMgAyana ho rahA thA, usI samaya vimalasambhavagiri para samantabhadra, maJjuzrI, guhyakAdhipati vajrapANi, maitreyanAtha Adi bodhisattvoM dvArA mahAyAna sUtroM kA saMgAyana ho rahA thA aura usI samaya samasta tantroM kA saMgAyana bhI vajrapANi dvArA kiyA gyaa| isa taraha tantranaya mahAyAna ke antargata parigaNita hai aura vizuddha buddhavacana hai| mahAyAna ke do naya haiM, yathA-tantranaya aura paarmitaany| __ tantroM kI buddhavacanatA ke bAre meM Adhunika vidvAnoM ko anekavidha sandeha evaM viprattipattiyA~ haiN| bauddha tantroM kI avicchinna lambI paramparA meM vizvaprasiddha dArzanika evaM manISI utpanna hue haiM, jinakI niSpakSatA ke bAre meM Aja ke vidvAnoM ko bhI koI viprattipatti nahIM hai| paramparA ke vidvAnoM meM isa prakAra kA sandeha

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kriyAsaMgrahaH kabhI utpanna hI nahIM huA, jaisA Adhunika vidvAnoM ko ho rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM paramparAgata mAnyatAoM se asahamata hone kA koI kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotaa| phalataH tantroM kI buddhavacanatA asandigdha hai| Adhunika kAla aura madhya kAla ke aneka paNDitoM ne tantroM para mithyAcAra, ADambara evaM durAcaraNa ke poSaNa kA Aropa kiyA hai| kintu guruparamparA se jinheM tantramArgoM kI sahI jAnakArI hai, aise vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM uparyukta Aropa sarvathA nirAdhAra hai aura Aropa karane vAle logoM ke tantraviSayaka ajJAna ke paricAyaka haiN| tantra mArga ke apane viziSTa zIla, samaya aura saMvara hote haiM, jinakA unheM anivArya rUpa se pAlana karanA hotA hai tathA unase cyuta hone para bhayaMkara narakoM meM patana avazyambhAvI hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki pratyeka sAdhanA paramparA meM kucha anadhikArI praveza pA jAte haiM, kintu aise logoM kI vajaha se pUrI tantraparamparA kI avahelanA aura upekSA ucita nahIM hai| tantra ke bheda kriyAtantra, caryAtantra, yogatantra aura anuttara tantra--ye tantra ke cAra bheda atyadhika pracalita haiN| jisa tantra meM devayoga kI sAdhanA karate samaya bAhya karmoM (snAna, Asana Adi) para atyadhika jora diyA jAtA hai tathA Antarika samAdhi aura bAhya kriyA meM bAhya kriyA hI pradhAna hotI hai, vaha 'kriyAtantra' kahalAtA hai| jisa tantra meM bAhya vidhividhAna aura Antarika samAdhi ina donoM ko samAna mahattva diyA jAtA hai, kintu bAhya karmoM para kucha vizeSa nirbhara rahA jAtA hai, vaha 'caryAtantra' kahA jAtA hai| jisa tantra meM bAhya vidhAnoM aura Antarika samAdhi ina donoM meM Antarika samAdhi para adhika bala diyA jAtA hai, phira bhI sImita bAhya karma apekSita hote haiM, use 'yogatantra' kahate haiN| jisa tantra meM bAhya vidhAnoM ke lie bilkula sthAna nahIM hotA, balki Antarika samAdhi ke anuttara yoga ko adhika mahattva diyA jAtA hai, use 'anuttara tantra' kahate haiN| kriyAtantra ke pramukha grantha guhyasAmAnya tantra, susiddhikaramahAtantra, subAhuparipRcchAtantra, dhyAnottaratantra Adi kriyAtantra kI sampUrNa mArgaphalavyavasthA ko darzAne vAle pramukha tantra grantha haiN|

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pUrvavAk prastuta grantha yaha grantha 'kriyAsaMgraha' kriyAtantra kA prAmANika grantha hai| isake eka aMza 'devatAyoga' kA hI yahA~ prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha yaha apUrNa rUpa meM prakAzita hai| zrI hitozI inoI ne isakA sampAdana kiyA thA aura romana akSaroM meM isakA jApAna se prakAzana huA thaa| bhAratIya jijJAsuoM ke hita kI dRSTi se isakA yahA~ devanAgarI meM lipyantaraNa prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai isase tantrasambandhI jAnakArI meM abhivRddhi hogii| sampAdaka

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kriyAsaMgrahaH tadanu samAdhitrayabhAvanArthaM devatAyogo vidheya: / oM svabhAvazuddhAH sarvadharmAH svabhAvazuddho'ham / / nairAtmyAdhimokSaM AdhyAtmikasnAnaM kRtvA hUMkAravajrapariNAmenAtmAnaM vajrajvAlAnalArka bhaavyet| nIlavarNamaSTabhujaM caturmukhaM mUlabhujadvaye vajravajraghaNTA prajJAliGganAbhinayA, aparabhujadvayena khaDgatarjanIpAzaM, aparabhujadvayena cakrakhaTvAGga, aparabhujadvayena zaracApadharaM, mUlamukhaM kRSNaM dakSiNe zitaM vAme raktaM pRSThe pItaM pratimukhaM trinetraM, sarpAbharaNabhUSitaM pratyAlIDhena nArAyaNalakSmImAkrAntaM krodharUpaM sarvAlaGkAravibhUSitaM dhyaayaat| tata: hrI:kAreNa kaNThe'STadalapadmaM jihvApadmadale hUMkAreNa zuklapaJcasUcikavargaM nisspaadyaanenaadhitisstthet| vjrjihvH| karadvaye akAreNa candramaNDaladvayaM, tayo upari hUMkArAbhyAM paJcasUcikavajradvayaM vicintya karazAkhAzcaiva sUcyo vidhnaghAtAdikaM kuryaat| oM vajrajvAlanalArka hUM vN| krodhaterettarIm bdhniiyaat| oM gRhva vajrasamaya hUM vN| vajrabandhan tale kRtvAcchAdayet kruddhmaans:| gADhamaguSThavajreNa krodhaterettarI smRtaa| tato mAlAbhiSekaM gRhnniiyaat| oM vajrajvAlAnalArka hUM abhiSiJca maaN| __vajrabandhe'GguSThadvayaM sahitotthitaM zirasi lalATopari dakSiNakarNopari pRSThe vAmakarNopari dhaaryet| vjrterettrii| oM ttuN| vyakSarakavacena kvcyet| vajramuSTidvayena hRdaye granthyAbhinayaM kuryaat| tathA grIvApRSThe punarapi hRdaye stanAntare punarapi hRdaye grIvApRSThe c| lalATe granthyAbhinayaM kRtvA zirasi paTTAbhiSekayogenAnte samatAlayA tossyet| vajratuSya hoH| oM vajrajvAlAnalArka huuN| vAmavajramuSTiM hadi vinyasya dakSiNakareNa vajramullAlayan sarvavidhnAn hnyaat| tato vajrAnalAhaMkAreNa vighnadahanAdikaM kuryaat| oM vajrAnala hana daha paca matha bhaJja raNa hUM phtt| abhyantaravajrabandhe'GguSThavajramutthitAGgulijvAlAgarthe iyam vjraanlsmymudraa| tadanu oM vajranetrI bandha srvvidhnaan| vajrabandhaM badhvA aGgaSThadvayaM prasArya vAmetaracakSurdvayeSu nyset| vjrnetriismymudraa| tato vajrarakSAhaMkAreNa vjrmyiimdhitisstthet|

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kriyAsaMgrahaH oM vajra dRDho me bhava rakSa sarvAna svaahaa| prasAritavajrabandhaM bhUmau pratiSThApya, vjrrksssmymudraa| tadanu vajrabhairavAhaMkAreNordhvaM bndhyet| oM hulu hulu hUM phtt| vajramuSTidvayaM badhvA alAtacakravad bhrAmayet zirasi tajanyaGkazAkAreNa dhaaryet| vjrbhairvnetrmudraa| tathaivordhvaM bandhayed vjrykssaahNkaarenn| oM vajrayakSa huuN| vajrAJjalyaGguSThadvayaprasAritatarjanIdvayadaMSTrA vjryksssmymudraa| tata uSNISacakravartyahaMkAreNa pUrvAM dizaM bndhyet| oM yUM bandha huuN| drUmiti vaa| vajramuSTidvayaM kanyasAzRGkhalAbandhena tarjanIdvayasUcImukhaM parivatryoSNISe sthApayed vjrossnniisssmymudraa| tadanu vajrapAzAhaGkAreNa sarvavighnAn bndhyet| oM vajrapAza hrIH / vajramuSTidvayaprasAritena bAhugranthiM kRtvA ca vjrpaashmudraa| tato vajrayaSTyahaMkAreNa pazcimAM dizaM bndhyet| oM vajrapatAke pataMgI ni rtt| vajrabandhenAGguSThadvayaparyaGkasUcIkRtAgrAsamAnAmAntyavidAritA paTAgrI vajrapatAkasya smymudraa| tato vajrakAlyahaMkAreNa vighnabhakSaNaM kuryaat| uttarAM dizaM bndhyet| hrIH vajrakAlI raTa mtt| vajrayakSamudraiva mukhe dRDhIkRtya vjrkaaliismymudraa| vajrazikharAhaMkAreNa dakSiNAM dizaM bndhyet| oM vajrazikhara raTa mtt| vajramuSTidvayena parvatotkarSaNAbhinayaGkRtvA dakSiNadizi vighnAn hnyaat| vjrshikhrmudraa| tato vajrakarmAhaMkAreNa vajraprAkArAn ddyaat| oM vjrkrm| vajramuSTidvayaM badhvAnyonyapRSThasaMlagnakaniSThAdvayazRGkhalItarjanImadhyamotthAyAGguSThadvayAnAmikena gopyet| vajrakarmaNaH praakaarmudraa| tadanu vajraMhUMkArayogenAbhyantaraprAkAraM ddyaat| oM vajrahUMkAreNa huuN| vajrakarmamudrayA madhyamAdvayamAkuJcet trailokyvijymudraa| tato vajrasandhyahaMkAreNa vajrapaJjaraM ddyaat| oM vajrabandha vN| vajrabandhenordhvasalIlAM prasArya pnyjrmudraa| punarvajrAnalAhaMkAreNa tanmudrAyuktena pUjAGgAni shodhyet| oM vajrAnala hana daha paca matha bhaJja raNa hUM phtt| tato vajrayakSamudrayA shngkhaadhisstthaanm| oM vajrarakSa huuN| punarapi vajrarakSamudrayA shngkhaadhisstthaanm| oM vajrarakSa aH| punarapi vajrazikharamudrayA shngkhaadhisstthaanm| oM vajrazikhara ruTa mtt| iti shngkhtrym| punaH zaGkhatrayaM vajrasattvasamayamudrayA vairocanasamayamudrayA cAdhiSThAya oM vajrasattva huuN| oM vajradhAtu huuN| tacchaMkhodakena sarvapUjAGgAni prokssyet| oM vajrarakSa hUM iti mntrenn| oM vajrapuSpe huuN| pusspN| oM vajradhUpe huuN| dhuupN| oM vajrAloke huuN| dIpaM / oM vajragandhe huuN| gndhN| oM vajranaivedye huuN| naivedyN| svasvamudrayA yuktenaadhisstthaay| oM akAro mukhaM sarvadharmANAmAdyanutpannatvAt oM A: huuN| khaDgamudrayA bliN| vajrabandhe khaDgotkarSaNaM khddgaabhinym| aparapUjAGgAni vjrsttvmudryaadhitisstthet| oM vajrasattva huuN| oM vajrAsani huuN| aasnm| iti rkssaackrm|

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kriyAsaMgrahaH tadanantaraM vajrahetukarmamudrayA purato vjrdhaatumhaamnnddlnisspaadyet| oM vajracakre huuN| vajramaSTidvayaM baddhvA vyagrAntyA vjrbndhnaa| vajracakreti vikhyAtA srvmnnddlsaadhikaa| anayA sarvadikSu pradakSiNaM bhrAmitayA sarvamaNDalanirmANaM bhvti| imAmeva madrAM mukhe nirIkSyASTau vAraM ptthet| sarvamaNDalapraviSTo bhvti| tatra pratyakSamiva maNDalaM dRSTvA vajrAGkazAdibhirAkRSya pravezya badhvA vazIkRtyArghAdikaM kuryaat| oM vajrAGkuza jH| oM vajrapAza huuN| oM vajrasphoTa vN| oM vajrAveza hoH| tato'rghamudrayArghaM ddyaat| oM vajradhAtapravarasatkArAyAdhaiM pratIccha svaahaa| tridhaa| oM vajradhAtupravarasatkArAya pAdyaM pratIccha svaahaa| paadyprkssaalnN| oM vajradhAtupravarasatkArAya AcamanaM pratIccha svaahaa| aacmnN| oM vajrarakSa huuN| prokssnnN| tato maNDale puSpanyAsaM kuryaat| oM vajradhAtu huuN| mdhye| oM vajrasattva huuN| puurve| oM vajraratna traaN| dkssinne| oM dharmavajra dvii:| pshcime| oM karmavajra aH| uttre| oM vajrasattva huuN| akssobhysyaaye| oM vajrarAja jH| akSobhyasya dkssinne| oM vajrarAga hoH| akSobhyasya vaame| oM vajrasAdhu s:| akSobhyasya pRsstthe| oM vajraratna oN| oM rajrateja aaN| oM vajraketu traaN| oM vajrahAsa haaN| akSobhyavad rtnsmbhvsy| oM vajradharma hii:| oM vajratIkSNa dhN| oM vajrahetu mN| oM vajrabhAsa rN| pUrvavad amitaabhsy| oM vajrakarma kN| oM vajrarakSa huuN| oM vajrayakSa huuN| oM vajrasandhi vN| pUrvavada amoghsiddheH| ityetAn grbhputte| oM vajralAsye huuN| oM vajramAle vaaN| oM vajragIte hriiH| oM vajranRtye aH| bhiraagneyaadimnnddlkonnctussttyessu| baahymnnddlkonnctussttyessu| dhuupaadyH| oM vajradhUpe huuN| oM vajrapuSpe traaN| oM vajrAloke hriiH| oM vajragandhe aH| tataH puurvaadidvaar-dvipaarshvyoH| oM maitreyaharaNAya svaahaa| oM amoghadarzine huuN| oM sarvApAyaJjahasarvApAyavizodhani huuN| oM sarvazokatamonirghAtanamati huuN| puurve| oM gandhahastine huuN| oM zUraGgame huuN| oM gagane gamanalocane huuN| oM jJAnaketu jJAnavati huuN| dkssinne| oM amRtaprabhe amRtavati huuN| oM candre candrasthe candravyavalokani svaahaa| oM bhadravati bhadrapAle huuN| oM jvAlini mahAjvalini huuN| pshcime| oM vajragarbhe huuN| oM akSaye hUM akSayakarmAvaraNavizodhani svaahaa| oM pratibhAnakUTe svaahaa| oM samantabhadre huuN| uttre| oM vajrAGkaza jH| oM vajrApAza huuN| oM vajrasphoTa vN| oM vajrAveza hoH| puurvaadidvaare| punarapi vairocnsyaaye| oM sattvavajrI huuN| dkssinne| oM ratnavajrI traaN| pshcime| oM dharmavajrI hrii:| uttre| oM karmavajrI aH| iti puSpanyAso ythaakrmm| tata: puSpAdibhiH smpuujy| oM AH vajrapuSpe huuN| oM AH vajradhUpe huuN| oM A: vajrAloke huuN| oM AH vajragandhe huuN| oM A:

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10 kriyAsaMgrahaH vajranaivedye huuN| tato'STau lAsyAdimudrA bdhniiyaat| oM sarvatathAgatamahAvajrodbhavadAnapAramitApUjye huuN| oM sarvatathAgatodbhavazIlapAramitApUjye vaaN| oM sarvatathAgatodbhavakSAntipAramitApUjye hriiH| oM sarvatathAgatodbhavamahAvIryapAramitApUjye aH| oM sarvatathAgatodbhavasarvadurgativizodhani puSpAvalokini prajJApAramitApUjye hUM hUM phtt| oM sarvatathAgatodbhavasarvApAyavizodhani dhama dhama dhUpaya-dhUpaya dhyAnapAramitApUjye trAM hUM phtt| oM sarvatathAgatasarvApAyavizodhani jJAnAlokakAripraNidhipAramitApUjye hrI: hU~ phtt| ete anantaroktakarmamudrayA smpuujy| tato ghaNTAM vaadyet| [asmaaclaasmitsaardhrminnH| karuNAtmikA: jagati duHkhhaarinnH| asmntsrvgunnsiddhidaayinH| asamAcalAsamavarAgradharmiNaH / gaganasamopamakRtA na vidyte| gunnleshrennknnike'pysiimike| sdsttvdhaatvrsiddhidaayike| vigatopameSu asmntsiddhissu| satatAmalA krunnvegtotthitaa| prnnidhaansiddhirnirodhdhrmtaa| jagato'rthasAdhanaparA smntinii| satataM virocati mhaakRpaatmnaam| nahi rodhatA krunncaarikaaclaa| vrajate trilokvrsiddhidaayikaa| amitAmiteSu susamAptitAM gtaa| sugatiM gateSvapi aho sudhrmtaa| trisamayAgrasiddhivaradA dadantu me| varadAnatA'gratAM gatA gatiM sdaa| sklaatrilokvrsiddhidaayikaaH| nAthAstriyadhvagatikA anaavRtaaH|] iti stotropahAreNa stunuyaat| tata: paJcamaNDalakena prnnmet| pUrvasyAM dizi kAyena vjraanyjlishiten| oM sarvatathAgatakAyavAk-cittapraNAmena vjrvndnaangkromi| oM srvtthaagtpuujopsthaanaayaatmaanniryaatyaami| oM sarvatathAgatavajrasattva adhitiSThasva maam| dakSiNe vajrAJjaliM hRdaye dhArayet lalATena bhUmiM spRzan oM sarvatathAgatapUjAbhiSekAyAtmAnaM niryAtayAmi oM sarvatathAgatavajraratnAbhiSiJca maaN| vajrAJjaliM zirasi sandhArya mukhena bhUmiM spRzan pshcime| oM sarvatathAgatapUjApravarttanAyAtmAnaniryAtayAmi oM sarvatathAgatavajradharma pravarttaya maaN| uttare zirasi praNAmAJjalimavatIrya hRdaye sandhArya bhUmiM spRshn| oM sarvatathAgatapUjAkarmaNe aatmaannniryaatyaami| oM sarvatathAgatavajrakarma kuruSva maam| tato jAnumaNDalaM pRthivyAM pratisthApya hRdyaJjaliM kRtvA pApaM prtideshyet| ___ samanvAharantu mAM dazasu dikSu sarvabuddhabodhisattvA: sarvatathAgatavajraratnapadmakarmakulAvasthitAzca sarvamudrAmantravidyAdevatA aham amukanAmA dazasu dikSu sarvabuddhabodhisattvAnAM purataH sarvatathAgatavajraratnapadmakarmakulAvasthitasarvamudrAmantravidyAdevatAnAJca purata: sarvapApaM prtideshyaami| vistareNa dazasu dikSu atItAnAgatapratyutpannAnAM srvbuddhbodhisttvaanaaN| pratyekabuddhAryazrAvakamArgata:samyakpratipannAnAM

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kriyAsaMgrahaH sarvasattvanikAyAnAM srvpunnymnumodyaami| dazasu dikSu sarvabuddhA bhagavanto'pravartitadharmacakrAn adhyeSye dhrmckrprvrttnaay| dazasu dikSu sarvabuddhAnAM bhagavata: parinirvAtukAmAnAM yaace'prinirvaannaay| iti paapdeshnaadi| tato viNshtipuujaangkuryaanmntrmudraayukten| tataH puSpasamayamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatapuSpapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| dhUpasamayamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatadhUpapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| dIpasamayamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatAlokapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| evnggndhsmymudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatagandhapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| praNAmAJjaliratnAlaMkAraM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatabodhyaGgaratnAlaGkArapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| hAsyAbhinayaM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatahAsyalAsyaratikrIDAsaukhyAnuttarapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| vastrapradAnamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatabodhyaGgavastrAlaGkArapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| vajrasattvakarmamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatavajrapUjAmeghasamudrAspharaNasamaye huuN| lAsyakarmamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatamahAvajrodbhavadAnapAramitApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| mAlAkarmamudrayA vdet| oM sarvatathAgatAnuttarabodhyAhArakazIlapArimatApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| giitkrmmudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatAnuttaradharmAvabodhakSAntipAramitApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| nRtykrmmudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatasaMsArAparityAgAnuttaravIryapAramitApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| dhuupkrmmudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatAnuttarasaukhyavihAradhyAnapAramitApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| pusspkrmmudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatAnuttaraklezacchedanimahAprajJApAramitApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| diipkrmmudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatamahApraNidhipArimatApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| gndhkrmmudryaa| oM sarvatathAgatApAyagandhanAzanivajragandhopAyapAramitApUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| zirasi praNAmAJjaliM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatakAyaniryAtanapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| mukhe vajrAJjalim ISadvikAsyaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatavAgniryAtanapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| hRdi sampuTAJjaliM badhvaivaM vdet| oM sarvatathAgatacittaniryAtanapUjA-meghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| oM sarvatathAgataguhyaniryAtanapUjAmeghasamudraspharaNasamaye huuN| aalinggnaabhinyen| evaM viMzatiprakArapUjAbhiH sarvatathAgatAn sampUjyAtmAnaM niryaatyet| AtmAnaM * sarvabuddhabodhisattvebhyo niryAtayAmi sarvadA sarvakAlaM pratigRhaNantu mAM mahAkAruNikanAthA mahAsamayasiddhiJca me prycchntu| tacca kuzalamUlaM sarvasattvasAdhAraNaM krttvym| anena kuzalamUlena sarvasattvAH sarvalaukikalokottaravipattivigatA bhavantu sarvalaukikalokottarasampattimamanvitAzca sahaiva sukhena sahaiva saumanasyena buddhA bhavantu

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kriyAsaMgrahaH nrottmaaH| anena cAhaM kuzalena karmaNA bhaveyaM buddho na cireNa loke / dezeya dharmaM jagato hitAya moceya sattvAn bahuduHkhapIDitAn ityanuttarAyAM samyaksambodhau prinnaamyet| iti bodhicittotpAdaH / 12 utpAdayAmi paramaM bodhicittamanuttaram / yathA traiyavikA nAthAH sambodhau kRtanizcayAH / / trividhAM zIlazikSAJca kuzaladharmasaGgraham / sattvArthakriyAzIlaJca pratigRhNAmyahaM dRDham / / buddhaM dharmazca saMghaJca triratnAgramanuttaram / adyAgreNa gRhISyAmi saMvaraM buddhayogajam / / vajraM ghaNTAJca mudrAJca pratigRhNAmi tattvataH / AcAryazca gRhISyAmi mahAvajrakuloccaye / / caturdAnaM pradAsyAmi SaTkRtvA tu dine dine / mahAratnakule yoge samaye ca manorame / / saddharmaM pratigRhNAmi bAhyaGgRhyaM triyAnikam / mahApadmakule zuddhe mahAbodhisamudbhave / / saMvaraM sarvasaMyuktaM pratigRhNAmi tattvataH / pUjAkarma yathAzaktyA mahAkarmakuloccaye / / utpAdayAmi paramaM bodhicittamanuttaram ! gRhItaM samvaraM kRtsnaM sarvasattvArthakAraNAt / / atIrNAn tArayiSyAmi amuktAn mocayAmyaham / anAzvastAn AzvAsyAmi sattvAn sthApayiSyAmi nivRtau / / / / iti saMvaragrahaNam / ityanAdisaMsiddhiyogaH / / tadanantare pratibimbAdiyogato mudrAbandhapUrvakaM sarvamadhitiSThet / kamalAvarttapUrvakaM kRtvA / oM anyonyAnugatAH sarvadharmAH sampuTAJjalim / oM parasparAnupraviSTAH sarvadharmAH vajrAJjalim / oM atyantAnupraviSTAH sarvadharmAH vajrabandha vN| oM vajrabandha traT / tridhA vajrabandhaM hRdi sphoTayet / vajrabandhamokSaH / vajrAvezasamayasamudrAm badhvA / hRdaye akAreNAdyavajram pazyet / oM tiSTha vajra dRDho

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kriyAsaMgrahaH 13 me bhava zAzvato me bhava hRdayaM me adhitiSTha sarvasiddhiJca me prayaccha hUM ha ha ha ha hoH| oM vajrAveza aH| oM parasparAnugatAH sarvadharmA: oM vajramuSTi vN| pRthak pRthak hRdaye vajramuSTiM dhaaryet| tadanu vajrabandhaM badhvA vajramudrAdvikAntarAt / samutthitaH kSipet kSaNAd UrdhvApatito kSepaNaM param / / oM sarvapApAkarSaNavizodhanavajrasamaya hUM phaT ||paapaakrssnnN|| oM vajrapANi visphoTaya sarvApAyabandhanAni pramokSaya sarvApAyagatibhyaH sarvasattvAn sarvatathAgatavajrasamaya hUM vtt| ityudIrayan pApaM sphoTayet tridhaa| vajrabandhaM dRDhIkRtya madhyamA mukhasandhitA / caturantyamukhAsaktA pApaM sphoTayati kSaNAt / / vairocanasamayamudrAM badhvA mantraM triruccArayet / oM vajra muH| pApavisarjanam / / evaM sarvamudrAkSepakRto bhvti| anena ca trikalpAsaMkhyeyaM niryAtaM bodhisattvasadRzo bhavati yogii| tata: svahRdayagatavajramadhye vjrsttveti| manasodIrayan sarvadharmanairAtmyaM bhaavyet| anena ca SoDazasvarasahitena cndrmnnddlN| puna: kakArAdivyaJjanena dvitIyaM cndrmnnddlN| tasyopari hRdayasahitena paJcasUcikaM zuklavajraM sarazmikaM cidraM pshyet| anyeSAntu vajrodbhavasvasvamudrAmantracihnamadhye nyasya mudrAhaGkAraM bhaavyet| vajrasattvamahAmudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| vjro'hN| vjro'hN| rtno'hN| pdmo'hN| vishvvjro'hN| vjro'hN| aNkusho'hN| shro'hN| tussttirhN| rtno'hN| suuryo'hN| keturhN| smtirhN| pdmo'hN| khaDgo'haM / ckro'hN| jihvo'hN| khiN| vhiN| dNssttro'hN| mussttirhN| vjrdvymhN| rtnmaalaahN| viinnaahN| nRtykrpllvaahN| dhuupo'hN| pusspo'hN| diipo'hN| gndho'hN| angksho'hN| paasho'hN| ghnntto'hN| svasvahRdayaJjapan sarvatathAgatakAyavAcittavajradhAtuSu pravezya svsvmudraanycintyet| tatreyaM mudraa| vjrdhaaturhN| vjrsttvo'hN| rtnvjro'hN| pdmvjro'hN| vishvvjro'hN| vjrsttvo'hN| vjrraajo'hN| vjrraago'hN| vjrsaadhurhN| vjrgrbho'hN| vjrprbho'hN| vjryssttirhN| vjrpriitirhN| vjrnetro'hN| vjrbuddhirhN| vjrmnnddo'hN| vjrvaaco'hN| vjrkrmaahN| vjrviiryo'hN| vjrcnnddo'hN| vjrmussttirhN|

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14 kriyAsaMgrahaH vjrlaasyaahN| vjrmaalaahN| vjrgiitaahN| vjrnRtyaah| vjrdhuupaahN| vjrpusspaahN| vjrdiipaahN| vjrgndhaahN| vjraangkusho'hN| vjrpaasho'hN| vjrsphotto'hN| vajrAvezo'haM / ityukvA svahRdaye svsvdevtaaruupnycintyet| iti kRtvA svahadaye vajradhAtumaNDalaM sampUrNaM bhaavyet| AtmAnaM vajrasattvarUpaM vibhAvya vajrasattvasamayamudrAM badhvaivaM vdet| samayo'haM / samayamahaM smysttvo'hN| tayaiva mudrayA hRduuprnnaaknntthmuurdhvsvdhitisstthet| samayasattvam adhitiSThasva maaN| oM vajrasattva huuN| ityuccArya vajram ullaalyet| punaH svahRdi candre vajrarazmiM saMsphArya vajrahetukarmamudrayA vajradhAtumaNDalam AkAze nirmAya pshyet| vajrasattvasamamudrayA smystvN| smymhN| vajrAvezasamayamudrAM badhvaivaM pUrvavat tiSTha vajretyAdi paThet tridhaa| maNDaladvayam ekIbhUtaM pshyet| AtmAnam AkAze sUkSmarUpaM kRtvaa| sattvavajrI badhvA puSpamAlAM gRhItvA maNDale prveshyet| ityayaM maNDale ramye mayA ziSya: pravezitaH / yathA puNyantathaivAstu devatAnAM kulakramaH / / yAdRk siddhirbhavet tasya gotre yasmizca bhAjana: / yAdRk puNyAnubhAvazca tAdRg asyAstu maNDale / pratIccha vajra hoH| puSpapAtanam / tato mAlAbhiSekaM gRhnniiyaat| oM pratigRhNa tvaM imaM vatsa mahAbalaH / pusspaabhissek:| sattvavajrI baddhavA ckssurudghaattyet| oM vajrasattva: svayaM te'dya ckssurudghaattnttprH|| udghATayati vajrAkSo vjrckssurnuttrm|| hevajra pazya ckssurudghaattnm|| tato maNDalaM drshyet| vajrAGkuzAd Arabhya bhagavantaM vairocanaM pryntm| tataH zirasi vajraM dhArayati sttvvjraadigRhiitklshodkenaabhissicy| oM vajrAbhiSiJca maaN| udkaabhissekH| tataH paJcabuddhamukuTapaTTAbhiSekaM gRhnniiyaat| oM vajradhAtvIzvari hUM vajiNi abhiSiJca maaN| ussnniisse| vairocanaM sitavarNaM bodhyagrImadrayAvasthitaM cintyet| vajrAJjaliM baddhavA aGguSThadvayaparyata kuJcitAgravigrahaM samamadhyamottamAGgA ca vajradhAtvIzvarI smRtaa| oM vajravajriNi hUM abhiSiJca maaN| lalATopari akSobhyaM

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kriyAsaMgrahaH bhUsparzamudraM nIlavarNam / sA eva madhyamavajrA tu vajravajriNI smRtA / oM ratnavajriNa hUM abhiSiJca maaN| dakSiNakarNasyopari ratnasambhavaM pItaM varadamudram / madhyamAbhyAM maNIJca kRtvA ratnavajrI smRtaa| oM dharmavajriNi hUM abhiSiJca mAM / mastakapRSTheSvamitAbhaM raktaM smaadhimudrm| madhyamA nAmAntyapadmA cAnayA dharmavajrI smRtA / oM karmavajriNa hUM abhiSiJca mAM vAmakarNasyopari amoghasiddhiH zyAmo 'bhayamudraH / prasAritakarAGgulI karmavajrI smRtA / iti mukuTAbhiSeka: / tadanu pUrvavat kavacayet! samatAlaJca kuryAt / tato vajrAbhiSekaGgahNIyAt / hRdaye vajraM sndhaary| adyAbhiSiktastvaM asi buddhairvajrAbhiSekataH / idantat sarvabuddhatvaM gRhNa vajraM susiddhaye / iti vajrAbhiSekaH / vajravajraghaNTAM zirasi dhArayet / oM vajrasattva tvAm abhiSiJcAmi vajranAmAbhiSekataH / he zrI zAzvata vajranAma tathAgata bhUbhurva: sva: / iti naamaabhissekH| tato vajram AdAya vajravajraghaNTAM dhArayan vajrasattvamahAmudrAM baddhavA / idantat sarvabuddhatvaM vajrasattvakare sthitaM / tvayApi hi sadA dhAryaM vajrapANi dRDhavratam / / 15 iti vjrvrtm| oM sarvatathAgatasiddhivajrasamaya tiSTha eSa tvAM dhArayAmi iti ghaNTAsamayaH ! evaM svAdhiSThAnaM kRtvA sAdhayet / (apUrNa)

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jainadArzanika-anantavIryAcArya-viracitaH SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH sampAdaka kumAra anekAnta jaina jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM (rAjasthAna)

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prastAvanA manuSya eka cintanazIla prANI hai| isI cintanazIlatA ke kAraNa usane jJAna-vijJAna ke vividha kSetroM meM vikAsa ke naye-naye kIrtimAna sthApita kiye haiN| phira bhI usakI vikAsa-yAtrA binA thake avirAma cala rahI hai| isa vikAsa kI AdhArazilA hamAre gauravazAlI atIta para AdhArita hai| hamAre deza kI prAcIna saMskRti, kalA, sAhitya, dharma-darzana aura jJAna-vijJAna kI gauravagAthA sadA se hI vizvavikhyAta rahI hai| hamArA deza kA samagra bhAratIya darzana eka pramukha pratiSThApUrNa pU~jI hai, jisake kAraNa bhArata ko vizvagurU ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta thii| yahI samagra bhAratIya darzana vividhatAoM meM ekatA aura tAdAtmya bhAva sameTe hue hai| kyoMki yaha bhAva hI eka dhAge meM guMthI hue usa maNimAlA ke samAna hai, jo isa deza meM janmI yA yahA~ palI-bar3hI vibhinna cintanadhArAoM ko eka sUtra meM piroye hue suzobhita haiN| hamArI isa ekatA kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki lambe itihAsa meM aneka utAra-caDhAva evaM parivartanoM ke bAda bhI use koI miTA nahIM skaa| yahI kAraNa bhI hai ki hamAre deza kI dharma-darzana viSayaka cintanadhArAyeM aura saMskRti Aja bhI jyoM tyoM jIvanta haiN| ___ bhAratIya darzana kI eka vizeSatA sadA se yaha bhI rahI hai ki bhale hI ve pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa ke rUpa meM eka dUsare kA khaNDana-maNDana apane-apane zAstroM aura zAstrArthoM meM karate rahe hoM, kintu sabhI paraspara eka-dUsare ke darzanoM kA AdarapUrvaka adhyayana, manana aura lekhana bhI karate rahe haiN| isake pramANasvarUpa hama mAdhavAcArya kRta sarvadarzanasaMgraha, AcArya haribhadrasUrIkRta 'SaDdarzana samuccaya Adi pramukha granthoM ke nAma rekhAGkita kara sakate haiM, jinameM binA kisI pUrvAgraha ke sabhI darzanoM kI mUlabhUta mAnyatAoM kA acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha ke aura bhI aneka grantha haiM, jinake adhyayana se sabhI darzanoM ko samajhane aura jAnane meM kAphI sahAyatA milatI hai| yaha hama sabhI jAnate haiM ki yadi 'darzana' ke prati ruci aura AkarSaNa na ho to yaha viSaya sAmAnya logoM ko 'nIrasa' sA pratIta hotA hai| isIlie

Page #399
SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH sabhI darzanoM meM praveza hetu, unake prati AkarSaNa hetu aneka AcAryoM ne aise saralabhASA meM saMkSipta granthoM kI racanA kI hai, jinake adhyayana se sabhI darzanoM ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM Adi kA jJAna ho ske| isI krama meM prastuta laghugrantha kA sampAdana eka mahattvapUrNa kArya hai, jo aba taka zAstrabhaNDAra meM apane uddhAra kI pratIkSA meM thaa| mujhe rAjasthAna, gujarAta, dakSiNa bhArata, madhyapradeza tathA dillI Adi pradezoM ke aneka jaina zAstra-bhaNDAroM ko dekhane kA avasara milA hai, jinameM abhI bhI aise bahumUlya sahasroM aprakAzita zAstra haiM, jinakA samaya rahate uddhAra nahIM huA to ve naSTa ho jaayeNge| ata: inake sampAdana evaM prakAzana ke kAryoM ko prAthamikatA ke AdhAra para hAtha meM lenA hama sabhI kA pramukha uttaradAyitva hai| prastuta grantha, granthakAra aura sampAdana kArya pichale kucha varSoM se nirantara kaI bAra mujhe ajamera (rAjasthAna) ke zrI digambara jaina mahApUta caityAlaya (seThajI kI koThI ke pAsa, unhIM dvArA nirmita jaina maMdira) ke zAstrabhaNDAra ko dekhane kA avasara milaa| vahA~ jainadharma evaM jainetara dharmoM ke vividha viSayoM se saMbaMdhita zatAdhika aise grantha haiM, jo abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| mujhe vahA~ ke pramukha zrImAn seTha sA. nirmalacaMda jI sonI jI ke saujanya se kucha aprakAzita zAstroM kI jIrAksa pratiyA~ prApta huI thIM, unameM prastuta 'SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameya-samuccayaH' nAmaka laghugrantha, jo ki anaMtavIryAcArya nAmaka jainAcArya dvArA likhA gayA thA, ko sampAdita evaM prakAzita kara atIva prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| __ prastuta grantha ke anta meM likhA haiM- 'iti sarvamata samuccayamidamadbhuta vAkyanibaddhaM ziSya-praziSyANaM vikAsArthamatantavIryAcAryazcakre siddhAntapravezakaM zrI anantavIryAcAryaspakSAti sarvamataM smaaptm|' isa ullekha se siddha hotA hai ki isake kartA anantavIryAcArya hai| isa nAma ke digambara paramparA meM do AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai| eka AcArya akalaMkadevakRta siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra AcArya anaMtavIrya haiN| dUsare A. mANikyanaMdi kRta parIkSAmukhasUtra para sarala bhASA meM 'prameyaratnamAlA' nAmaka TIkA ke kartA AcArya anaMtavIrya, jinheM vidvAnoM ne 'laghu anantavIrya' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| ina laghu anantavIrya kA samaya vidvAnoM ne bArahavIM sadI kA pUrvArddha mAnA hai|

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prastAvanA prastuta 'pramANa prameya samuccayaH' nAmaka laghugrantha ke adhyayana se bhI spaSTa hai ki isakI tathA prameyaratnamAlA kI pratipAdana kI bhASA aura zailI donoM meM bahuta sAmya hai, ataH nizcita rUpa se donoM ke kartA 12 vI. zatI ke AcArya laghu anantavIrya haiN| jinakA digambara jaina paramparA ke jaina dArzanika granthoM ke lekhakoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / anantavIryAcArya ne prastuta grantha ke lekhana meM atisaMkSepa zailI kA upayoga karake nyAya, vaizeSika, jaina, sAMkhya, bauddha, mImAMsaka aura lokAyata ( cArvAka ) - ina darzanoM meM pratipAdita mAtra 'pramANa- prameya' viSaya kA bahuta hI sarala aura sahaja bhASA meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| vidvAn lekhaka ne tad-tad darzanoM ke pratinidhi granthoM ke sUtroM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| isameM prastuta grantha kI prAmANikatA bhI siddha hotI hai / viSaya kI dRSTi se nyAyazAstra ke cAra aMga haiM - 1. pramANasAdhana, 2. prameya - vastu, 3. pramiti - phala, 4. pramAtA - parIkSaka / inameM se pramukha darzanoM meM pratipadita pramANa aura prameya - ina do aMgoM kA atisaMkSepa meM granthakAra ne vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / dArzanika kSetra meM ina viSayoM kA tulanAtmaka aura samanvayAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa laghugrantha kI mahattA aura upayogitA svayaM siddha hai| mere zodha kA viSaya bhI dArzanika samanvaya kI dRSTi: jaina nayavAda' hai, ataH prastuta grantha kA sampAdana kArya mere lie vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| prastuta grantha ke anta meM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM sabhI darzanoM kA sArabhUta samanvayabhI prastuta kiyA hai| hastalikhita pANDulipi kA paricaya jaisA ki pUrva meM yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki ajamera se prApta isa grantha kI hastalikhita pANDulipi kI jIrAksa prati ke AdhAra para isakA sampAdana- kArya kiyA gayA hai| grantha cAhe choTA ho yA bar3A, sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pATha saMzodhana, pratilipi Adi kArya kAphI zramasAdhya hote haiN| prastuta pANDulipi pandraha patroM arthAt (aTThAIsa pRSThoM) meM donoM ora kucha-kucha spaSTa aura aspaSTa akSaroM meM likhita hai / 9x6 iMca ke pratyeka patra meM ATha paMktiyA~ haiN| mujhe prasannatA hai ki zramaNavidyA saMkAya kI isa gaurava pUrNa 'zramaNavidyA' nAmaka patrikA ke mAdhyama evaM A. gurUvarya pro. dayAnanda bhArgava tathA pro. brahmadeva nArAyaNa zarmA evaM pUjya pitAzrI DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI kI preraNA se grantha ke sampAdana aura

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH uddhAra kArya kA saubhAgya mujhe milaa| alpajJatAvaza isameM jo bhI truTiyA~ raha gayI hoM, vidvadgaNa se anurodha hai ki mujhe jarUra sUcita karane kI kRpA kareM tAki Age unakA parimArjana ho ske| prastuta laghugrantha sabhI darzanoM ke pramANaprameya ko sarala bhASA meM samajhane meM upayogI siddha ho, isI kAmanA se isa grantha kA mUlapATha prastuta hai| - kumAra anekAnta jaina

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anantavIryAcAryaviracitaH SaDdarzaneSu pramANa- prameya- samuccayaH maMgalAcaraNam sarvabhAvapraNetAraM praNipatya jinezvaram / vakSye sarvavi (ni) gameSu yadiSTaM tattvalakSaNam / / OM namo arhabhyAm / SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccaya pradarzanAyedamupa dizyate naiyAyikadarzanam tAvat tatra naiyAyikadarzane 'pramANa- prameya-saMzaya-prayojana- dRSTAMtasiddhAntA'vayava- tarka - nirNaya-vAda- jalpa- vitaNDA - hetvAbhAsacchala-jAtinigrahasthAnAnAM tattvajJAnAd niHzreyasAdhigamaH / " 1 atha pramANam - asya vyAkhyA- pramIyate'neneti pramANam / tasya ca sAmAnya lakSaNamarthopalabdhihetuH pramANam / upalabdhizca hAnAdibuddhiH / taccaturdhA, tadyathA -'pratyakSA'numAnopamAnazabdAH prmaannaani| 2 3 (1) tatra pratyakSam -- 'indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam / asya gamanikA -- indriyANi prANAdIni, arthA ghaTAdayo gandhAdayazca, teSAM sannikarSaH sambandha:, tasmAt sannikarSAdutpannam, nA'bhivyaktam, tatazca sAMkhyamatavyavacchedaH / jJAnagrahaNAt sukhAdivyavacchedaH / tacca zabdena vyapadizyamAnaM zAbdaM prasajyate, tenocyate avyapadezyamiti / tathA tadeva jJAnaM vyabhicAryapi saMbhavati, teneha 'avyabhicAri' iti / vyavasAyAtmakam nizcayasvabhAvam, tatazca saMzaya-jJAnavyavacchedaH / ' pratyakSam' iti lakSyanirdezaH / 1. nyAyasUtra 111 | 1; 2 . vahI 1 / 1 / 3; 3. nyAyasUtra - 1.1.4 /

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH (2) athAnumAnam - 'tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnam -- pUrvavat-zeSavatsAmAnyato dRSTaM ca' iti| tatpUrvakamiti pratyakSapUrvakam / trividhamiti liGgavibhAgaH / pUrvavaditi kAraNAt kAryAnumAnam, yathA meghonnatidarzanAd bhaviSyati vRSTiriti / zeSavaditi kAryAt kAraNAnumAnam / yathA viziSTa - nadIpUradarzanAt 'upari vRSTo devaH ' iti gamyate / sAmAnyato dRSTaM nAma yathA devadattAdau gatipUrvikAM dezAMtaraprAptimupalabhya Aditye'pi samadhigamyate anumAnam / 8 (3) athopamAnam-- 'prasiddhena sAdharmyAt saadhysaadhnmupmaanm|" prasiddho gau:, tena saha sAdharmyaM sAmAnyaM kakuda-khura viSANAdimattvam, tasmAt sAdharmyAt sAdhyasya gavayo'yamiti saMjJAsaMjJi saMbaMdha: pramAyAH sAdhanamupamAnam, yathA gauH tathA gavaya' iti / kiM punaratropamAnena kriyate ? sNjnyaa-sNjnyismbndhprtipttirupmaanaarthH| - (4) atha kaH zabdaH ? 'AptopadezaH zabdaH / AptaH khalu sAkSAt kRtadharmA, tena ya upadezaH kriyate sa AptopadezaH / sarvAgamaH zabdAkhyaM pramANamityucyate / 2. atha prameyam kiM punaranena pramANenArthajAtaM mumukSuNA prameyam ? taducyate zarIrendriyArtha - buddhi- -mana::- pravRtti - doSa-pretyabhAva-phala- duHkhApavargAstu prmeym|" 3. atha saMzayaH kiMcidityanavadhAraNAtmakaH pratyayaH saMzayaH / tadyathA mandAyamAnaprakAze sthANu: puruSoveti / 4. atha prayojanam - yena prayuktaH pravartate tat prayojanam / 5. atha dRSTAMta: saMpratipattiviSayApanno'rtho dRSTAMtaH / 1. nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 5: 3. vahI 111 / 7: kAzAdiriti / 6. atha siddhAntaH sa ca caturvidhaH tadyathA - ( 1 ) sarvatantrasiddhAntaH (2) pratitantrasiddhAntaH (3) adhikaraNasiddhAntaH (4) abhyupagamasiddhAMtazceti / 'Atma 4 yathA - anityAdyartha vivaraNe ghaTA 2. nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 6 / 4. nyAyasUtra - 1 / 1 / 9 /

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7. atha- avayavA: 'pratijJA hetu-udAharaNopanayanigamanAni avyvaaH'|' tatra 'anityaH zabdaH ' iti prtijnyaa| 'utpattidharmakatvAt - iti hetu: / 'ghaTavat' cotpattidharmakaH zabda ityupanayaH / ityudAharaNam / tathA 9. atha nirNaya: tasmAdutpattidharmakatvAdanityaH zabda iti nigamanam / vaidhamryodAharaNe'pi iha yadanityaM na bhavati tadutpattidharmakamapi na bhavati, yathA AkAzam, na ca tathA'nutpattidharmakaH zabda iti, tasmAdutpattidharmakatvAdanityaH zabda iti nigamanam / 8. atha tarkaH saMzayapUrvako bhavitavyatA - pratyayastarkaH, yathA bhavitavyamatra vAhyAlIpradeze puruSeNeti / saMzaya tarkAbhyAmUrddhavaM nizcitapratyayo nirNayaH / yathA laattyvaaym| 10. atha vAdaH trisra: kathA:- vAdo jalpo pakSapratipakSaparigraheNa nirNayAvasAno vAdaH / - SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH 12. atha vitaNDA 11. atha jalpa: vijigISuNA sArddha: 'chala- jAti - nigrahatsthAna - sAdhanopAlambho jalpaH / sapratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA / 13. atha hetvAbhAsaH - anaikAntikAdayo hetvAbhAsAH / 14. atha chalam navakambalo devadatta ityAdicchalam 15. atha jAtiH - dUSaNAbhAsAstu jAtayaH / 1. nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 32: -------------- vitaNDA / tatra ziSyA''cAryayoH 2. nyAyasUtra 1 / 2 / 2 /

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10 16. atha nigrahasthAnAni nigrahasthAnAni parAjayavastUni / tadyathA-- 'pratijJAhAniH pratijJAntaram pratijJAvirodhaH, pratijJAsaMnyAsaH, hetvantaram arthAntaram, nirarthakam, avijJAtArtham apArthakam, aprAptakAlam, nyUnam adhikam, punaruktam ananubhASaNam, apratijJAnam, apratibhA, kathAvikSepa:, matAnujJA, paryanuyojyopekSaNam, niranuyojyAnuyogaH, apasiddhAntaH hetvAbhAsAzceti nigrahasthAnAni / 1 naiyAyika mataM samAptam atha vaizeSikadarzanam SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH atha vaizeSika- tantrasamAsapratipAdanAyAha dravya-guNa-karma- sAmAnya- vizeSa - samavAyAnAM tattvajJAnAnniHzreyasAdhigamaH / tatra tAvat navadravyANi 2 'pRthivyApastejo vAyurAkAzaM kAlo digAtmA mana iti navadravyANi / tatra pRthivItvayogAt pRthivI / sA ca dvividhA - nityA-anityA c| tatra paramANulakSaNA nityaa| kAryalakSaNA tvanityA / sA ca caturdaza lakSaNopetA tadyathA- - rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparza saMkhyA- parimANa-pRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAga-paratvA'paratva-naimittika dravatva-vegaiH / 3 > aptvAbhisambandhAdApaH / tAzca rUpa-rasa-sparza-saMkhyA-parimANa -pRthaktvasaMyoga-vibhAga-paratvA-'paratva- gurutva-svAbhAvikadravatva- sneha - vegavatyaH / tAsu ca rUpaM zuklameva, raso madhura eva, sparza: zIta eva / tejastvAbhisambandhAt tejaH" tacca rUpa-sparza-saMkhyA-parimANa - -pRthaktvasaMyoga-vibhAga-paratvA-'paratva- naimittika- dravatva-vegai: ekAdazabhiH guNaiH guNavat / tatra rUpaM zuklaM bhAsvaraM ca, sparza uSNa eveti / naimittikaM dravatvaM c| 1. nyAyasUtra 5 / 211: 3. gurutvaH 5. vahI pR. 15: vAyutvAbhisambandhAd vAyuH' iti / sa ca anuSNAzItasparza-saMkhyA-parimANapRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAga-paratvA 'paratva- vegairnavabhiH guNairguNavAn dhRti kaMpAdiliGgaH zabdaliGgo gandhAdiviyukto'nuSNazItasparzarliGgazceti / 2. vaizeSika sUtra 1|115 / 4. prazastapAdabhASya pR. 14 / 6. vahI pR. 16 /

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH 'AkAzamiti' pAribhASikIyamiti saMjJA, ekatvAt tasya saMkhyA parimANapRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAgA- zabdaiH SaDbhiH guNaiH guNavat zabdaliGgaMceti / 1, 'kAla: parAparavyatikara- yaugapadyAyaugapadya- cira- kSipra - pratyayaliGgam, "sa saMkhyAparimANa-pRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAgaiH paJcabhiH guNaiH guNavAn / 2 'ita idam' pUrvamityAdipratyayo yatastad dizyaM liGgam / tadyathA idamasmAt pUrveNa idamuttareNeti / saMkhyA-parimANa-pRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAgaiH paJcabhiH - guNai: - guNavatI eveti saMjJA ca pAribhASikI ceti / 'AtmatvAbhisambandhAdAtmA'' - sa ca caturdazabhiH guNaiH gunnvaan| buddhi-sukhaduHkhecchA-dveSa-prayatnaliMga dharmA'dharma-saMskAra-saGkhyA- parimANa-pRthaktva-saMyogavibhAga: caturdazaguNA: / manastvAbhisambandhAd manaH / tacca kramajJAnotpattiliGgaM saGkhyA parimANapRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAga- paratvA'paratva- -vegairssttbhirgunnairgunnvt| iti dravyapadArthaH / atha guNAH rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparzA vizeSaguNAH, saMkhyAparimANAni pRthaktvaM saMyoga - vibhAgau paratvA'paratve ityete sAmAnyaguNAH, buddhi-sukha-duHkhecchA-dveSa - prayatna dharmA dharma - saMskArA AtmaguNAH, gurutvaM pRthivyudakayoH dravatvaM pRthivyudakAgniSu, sneho'mbhasyeva, vegAkhyaH saMskAro mUrtadravyeSveva, AkAzaguNaH zabda iti / guNatvayogAcca guNA iti / tathA cApAntarAlasAmAnyAni rUpatvayogAd rUpam, rasatvAdiyogAd rasAdayaH / iti guNapadArthaH / atha karmapadArtha: 11 - 'utkSepaNamapakSepaNamAkuJcanaM prasAraNaM gamanamiti karmaNi / karmatva yogAt karma / gamana - grahaNAcca bhramaNa - syandana- namanonnamanAdyavarodhaH / iti karmapadArthaH / 1. prazastapAdabhASya pR. 26; 3. prazastapAdabhASya- pR.30; 2. vaizeSika sUtra 2 / 2 / 10 / 4. vai. sU. 1 / 1 / 7

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12 SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH atha sAmAnyapadArtha: 1 sAmAnyaM dvividham -- paramaparaM ca / tatra paraM sattA dravya-guNa-karmasu 'sat. sat' ityanuvRttipratyayakAraNatvAt sAmAnyameva / yat uktam -- 'saditi yato dravyaguNa-karmasu sA sattA" / tathA aparaM dravyatva- guNatva karmatvAdi / tatra dravyatvaM dravyeSveva / guNatvaM guNeSveva karmatvaM karmasveva / iti sAmAnyapadArthaH / atha vizeSapadArtha: 'nityadravyavRttayo'ntyA vizeSAH ' nityadravyANyAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi caturvidha paramANavazca / te ca atyaMtavyAvRttibuddhihetutvAt vizeSA eva / iti vizeSapadArtha: / atha samavAyapadArthaH - ayutasiddhAnAmAdhAryAdhArabhUtAnAM yaH sambandha iheti pratyayahetuH sa samavAyaH / iti samavAyapadArthaH / 3 pramANam -- vaizeSikasiddhAnte pramANaM vaktavyamiti cet, taducyate- laiGgikapratyakSe dve eva pramANe, shessprmaannaanaamtraivaantrbhaavaat| tatra laiGgikaM pramANaM darzayannAha -- asyedaM kAryam, asyedaM kAraNaM sambandhi ekArthasamavAyi virodhi ceti laiGgikam / asyedaM kAryam, yathA viziSTo nadIpUro vRSTeH / asyedaM kAraNam, yathA meghonnatirvRSTereva / sambandhi dvividham saMyogi samavAyi ceti / tatra saMyogi, yathA dhUmo'gneH / samavAyi yathAviSANaM goH / ekArthasamavAyi dvividham-kAryaM kAryAntarasya kAraNaM kAraNAntarasya ceti / tatra kAryaM kAryAntarasya yathA-- rUpaM sparzasya / kAraNaM kAraNAntarasya yathApANiH paadsy| virodhi caturvidham- abhUtaM bhUtasya, bhUtamabhUtasya, abhUtamabhUtasya, bhUtaM bhUtasyeti / tatrAbhUtaM varSakarma bhUtasya vAyvabhrasaMyogasya liMgam / tathA bhUtaM varSakarma abhUtasya vAyvabhrasaMyogasya liMgam / 1. prazastapAdabhASya- pR. 964; 2. vaizeSikasUtra - 12 7; 3. prazastapAdabhASya 6 /

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH abhUtamabhUtasya yathA-abhUtA zyAmatA abhUtasya ghaTAgnisaMyogasya liNgm| bhUtaM bhUtasya yathA-syandanakarma setubhNgsy| tathA'paramapi liMgamutprekSyamanayA dizA, yathA-jalaprasAdo'gastyudayasya, tathA candrodaya, samudravRddheH kumudavikAzasya cetyaadi| tacca 'asyedam' ityAdinA sUcitam, yato liMgopalakSaNAyedaM sUtram, na niymprtipaadnaayeti| __ Aha--pratyakSalakSaNaM kim? iti cet, tadAha-Atmendriyamano'rthasannikarSAd sukhadu:khe yanniSpadyate tatpratyakSam, tadanyat / asya vyAkhyA- AtmA manasA yujyate, mana indriyeNa indriymrtheneti| tatazcatuSTayasannikarSAd ghaTa-rUpAdijJAnam, vayasani-karSAcchabde, dvaya sannikarSAt sukhaadissu| evaM pratyakSamapi nirdissttm| 'iti vaishessikmtsmaaptm|' jainadarzanam atha jainasiddhAntAnusAreNa prmaann-prmey-svruupaavdhaarnnaayedmupdishyte| Ahayadyevam, brUhi kiM tat pramANaM prameyaM ca? iti| atha prameyam tatra prameyaM jiivaa'jiivaasrvbNdhsNvrnirjraamokssaastttvm| tatra sukhaduHkhajJAnAdi-pariNAmalakSaNo jiivH| vipriitstvjiivH| mithyaadrshnaa'virti-prmaadkssaay-yogaa-bndh-hetvH| kAya-vAGmana: krmyogH| sa aashrvH| zubha:puNyasya viparIta: paapsy| AzravakAryaM bndhH| AzravaviparIta: saMvaraH, saMvaraphalaM nirjraa| nirjarA phalaM mokSa-ityete sptpdaarthaaH| atha pramANaM pratyakSaM parokSaM c| tatra pratyakSaM dvividhaM-mukhyaM sAMvyavahArikaM c| tatra mukhyamavadhimanaHparyayakevalabhedAt trividhN| sAMvyavahArikaM tu matijJAnamavagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmakaM tasya lakSaNaM saakssaatkaaritvm| prokss-mtismRti-sNjnyaa-ciNtaabhinibodhlkssnnm| zrutaM-akSarazrutajJAnamanakSarazrutajJAnaM ceti| tasya lakSaNamasAkSAt kaaritvm| samAptaM sakalaM jainasarvamidamiti 1. vai. suu.3|1|13| 2. tattvArthasUtra-1/4; 3. tattvArthasUtra 811,6 / 1,6 / 2,6 / 3 /

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14 SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH sAMkhyadarzanam atha sAMkhyamatapradarzanAyedamArabhyate 'tatra hi prakRti: puruSa: ttsNyogshc| prakRtiH sattvarajastamasAM sAmyAvasthAnaM prkRtiH| tasyA eva vaiSamyAvasthA prinnaamH| yathA-tasyAH prakRteH mahAnutpadyate, mahato'haMkAraH, tatazcAhaMkArAdekAdazendriyANi-paMca buddhIMdriyANi, paMcakarmendriyANi ca, aparaM manaH, tata evAhaMkArAt tamobahulAt paJca tanmAtrANi, tadyathAzabda-tanmAtram, sparzatanmAtram, rUpatanmAtram, rasatanmAtram, gaMdhatanmAtramiti / etebhyazca yathAkrameNa bhUtAni AkAzavAyvagnyudakabhUmayaH bhUtasamudAyazca shriirvRkssaadyH| sattvAdilakSaNaM vaktavyamiti cet; taducyate-prasAda-lAghava-prasavA'bhiSvaGgatvarSa prItayaH kAryaM sattvasya, zoSa-tApa-bheda-stambhodvegapradveSAH kArya rajasa:, AvaraNa-sAdana-vIbhatsa-dainya-gauravANi tamasaH kaarym| sattvaM laghuprakAzakamiSTamupaSTambhakaM calaM ca rjH| guru varaNakameva tamaH pradIpavaccArthato vRttiH / / evaM tAvat prakRtiH sthUla-sUkSmarUpeNa vyaakhyaataa|| atha puruSaH kiM rUpa:? caitanyaM puruSasya svruupm| prakRti puruSayozcopabhogArthaH sambandhaH saMyogaH pnggvndhyoriv| upabhogazca zabdAdhupalambho gunnpurussaantroplmbhshc| Aha- kimekaH puruSo'neko vA? AtmA aneka ityaah| kA punaratra yukti:? __ janmamaraNakaraNAnAM niyamadarzanAd dharmAdiSu ca pravRttiH nAnAtvAccAneka: puruSaH, sa Atmocyate iti| atha pramANaM vaktavyam taducyate prtykssmnumaanmaagmshceti| tatra pratyakSam 'zrotrAdivRtti: prtykssm|' zrotra-tvak-cakSu-rjihvA-ghrANAnAM manasAdhiSThitAnAM zabdAdiviSayagrahaNe vartamAnAnAM vRttiH viSayAkAraH pariNAma: pratyakSaM pramANamiti ucyte| atha anumAnaM- 'sambandhAdekasmAt prtykssaacchesssiddhirnumaanm| sambandhAdavinAbhAvalakSaNena sambandhena liMgAt, yathA dhuumaadgnirtreti| 1. saaNkhykaarikaa-13|

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH Aptopadeza: shbdH| Aha puruSo yoH yatrAbhiyuktaH karmaNi cAduSTaH sa ttraaptH| tena upadeza: kriyate tadyathA-svarge'psarasa: uttarakuraSu bhogabhUmayaH' sa aaptopdeshH| evametAni pramANAni shessprmaannaanaamtrevaantrbhaavaat| iti sAMkhyamataM samAptam bauddhadarzanam atha bauddhamatapradarzanAyedamAha tatra hi padArthAH dvaadshaaytnaani| tadyathA-cakSurAyatanaM evaM rasanAyatanAdIni yAvat mana-AyatanaM tathA rasAyatanaM, rUpAyatanaM, gaMdhAyatanaM, sparzAyatanaM, shbdaaytnN| dharmAyatanaM adhrmaaytnN| ca sukhdu:khaady:| AhakiM punasteSAM paricchedahetuH? prmaannmiti| tacca dvividhaMpratyakSamanumAnaM c| tatra 'pratyakSaM klpnaapoddhmbhraantm'| kalpanA naamjaatyaadiyojnaa| tatra nAmakalpanA Dittha iti| jAtikalpanA gauriti| guNakalpanA zukla iti| kriyA-kalpanA pAcakaH iti| dravyakalpanA daNDI chatrI vissaanniiti| anayA kalpanayA rahitaM pratyakSaM prmaannmiti| athaanumaanm-triruupaallingglinggini-jnyaanmnmaanm| rUpatrayaM ca pakSadharmatvaM, sapakSe sattvaM, vipakSe caasttvmeveti| etasmAt trividhAlliGgAt nizcitAt liGgini sAdhyadharmaviziSTe dharmiNi jnyaanmnumaanm| ityevaM dve eva pramANe, zeSa prmaannaanaamtraivaantrbhaavaat| iti bauddhamataM samAptam mImAMsakadarzanam atha mImAMsakasiddhAnte vedapAThAnantaraM dharmajijJAsA krttvyaa| yatazcaivaM tatastasya nimittpriikssaa| nimittaM ca codnaa| yatazcoktamcodanAlakSaNo'rtho dhrmH| codanA ca kriyAyAH pravartakaM vacanamAhuH / yathA--agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAmaH ityaadi| tena dharma-upalakSyate, na punaH prtykssaadinaa| Aha-kathaM pratyakSAdyanimittaM? yatastadevaMvidham-satsamprayoge puruSasyendriyANAM buddhijanma tat pratyakSamanimittaM vidyamAnopalambhakatvAt, tathA anumAnamapya 1. nyAyabindu 1 / 3-6; 2. jaimini suutr1|1|2; 3. jaimini suutr-1|1|4|

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH nimittam, pratyakSapUrvakatvAt tasyeti / tathA upamAnamapyanimittameva / yatastasya go gavayasAdRzyagrahaNe sati gaureva prameyaH / tasyopamAnopameya pratyakSaM ca sati pravRtteH / tathArthApattirapi sA ca dvidhA - zravaNAd darzanAcceti / zravaNAd yathA - pIno devadattoM divA na bhuMkte, arthAdApannam - rAtrau bhuMkte / asyAzca rAtribhojanavAkyameva prameyamiti / darzanAd yathA-- bhasmAdivikAramupalabhya dAhazakti vahneH pramIyate / tathA aparANyapi udAharaNAni zAstrAdutprekSya vaktavyAni / abhAvo'pyanimittam, avidyamAna (abhAva)-viSayatvAt / tasmAccodanAlakSaNa eva dharmo nAnyalakSaNa iti sthitm| tathA varNAnAmeva vAcakatvam -- arthapratipattihetutvam / tacca bAhya evArthe, naanytr| yata uktam-- gakAraukAravisarjanIyA - iti bhagavAnupavarSa:' vAyozca vaktrA preritasya zrotuH zrotra - dezaM prAptasya ye saMyogavibhAgAste'bhivyaJjakA gkaaraadivrnnaanaam| te cAbhivyaktA eva vAcakAH, nAnyathA arthAnAM bAdhakAnAM nityaH zabdArthayoH sambandhaH / na ca mImAMsakAnAM varNavyatirikte pada-vAkye staH, teSveva pdvaakyopcaaraat| 16 iti mImAMsaka - mata-digdarzanamiti bRhaspati - (lokAyatika) matam atha bRhaspatimatAnusAri pramANaprameya svarUpanirUpaNAya samAsenedamAha- tatra ca prameyanirUpaNAyAha -- pRthivyApastejo vAyuriti tattvAni / Aha tattvAntaramapyasti zarIrendriyANi / na tattvAntaram, yataH 'tatsamudAye zarIrendriyaviSaya - saMjJA' / zarIraM bhUtasamudAyaH tathendriyANI viSayAzceti / tasmAccatvAryeva bhUtAni / jJAnaM tattvAntaramIti cet, tadapi na, yat Aha - ' tebhyazcaitanyam' taddharmaNA evetyarthaH, madyAGgAnAM madazaktivat / nanu cAtmA tattvAntaram, tadapyasambaddhameva, yata Aha sUtrakAraH - jala bubuvajjIvAH / tathA caitanyaviziSTaH kAya: puruSaH iti / nanu ca puruSArthaH kazcit tattvAntaraM bhaviSyati / tannivRttyarthamAha- 'pravRttinivRttisAdhyA prItiH puruSArthaH / sa ca 'kAma eva' nAnyo mokSAdiH / nanu cAnya eva nAnyo mokSAdiH / nanu cAnya eva kazcid buddhyAdhAraH puruSo bhaviSyati / ddaSTahAnyadRSTakalpanA - sambhavAnnAnyaH / tasmAt sthitametat ' catvAryeva tattvAni / ' 1. zAvara bhASya 1.1 / 5 pR. 14; 2. vRhaspatisUtra

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH atha pramANam tasya sAmAnyalakSaNam- anadhigatArthaparicchittiH prmaannm| upAyo vA snnikrssendriyaarthaadi| 'sannihitatadarthe yathArthavijJAnaM prtykssm'| pratyakSasyedaM lkssnnm| tanmate pratyakSamevaikaM prmaannm| nanu coktm-'asnnihitaarthmnumaanm| tacca paramatAnusAreNa na svamatApekSayeti sthitamiti lokAyatAnAM saMkSepata: prmaannprmeysvruupmiti| iti lokAyatikamatam / / iti sarvamatasamuccayamimamadbhutavAkyanibaddhaM ziSya praziSyANAM vikAzArthamanaMtavIryAcAryazcakre siddhAMtapravezakaM [ zrIanantavIryA cAryaspattAH ] iti sarvamataM smaaptm|| sandarbhagrantha sUciH 1. jaiminisUtra - oriyanTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audarA 2. tattvArthasUtra - AcArya umAsvAmI zrI gaNezavarNI di. jaina saMsthAna nariyA, vaaraannsii| 3. nyAyabindu -- dharmakIrti, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| 4. nyAyasUtram gautama, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| 5. prameyaratnamAlA - laghuanantavIryAcArya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| 6. prazastapAdabhASya caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| 7. vaizeSikasUtra - kaNAda nirNayasAgara presa, bmbii| 8. bRhaspati sUtra (cArvAka darzana) 9. zAvarabhASya - AnandAzrama, puunaa| 10. sarvadarzana saMgraha - mAdhavAcArya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vraannsii| 11. sAMkhya kArikA caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraasii| 12. siddhivinizcaya-A. akalaMka, - TIkA -anaMtavIrya, bhAratIyajJAnapITha, kaashii| 13. SaDdarzana samuccaya - A. haribhadra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii|

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pariziSTam namaH sarvajJAya sarvAn prtyrht-aapttvsiddhiH| anekaaNtsiddhiH| smRtirkayoH prAmANyam yogamImAMsakasAMkhyacArvAkAn prati jnyaanpraamaannysiddhiH| zauddhodaniziSyAn udizya sviklpksiddhiH| svsNvednendriymnoyogibhedaaccturvidhprtyksskssepH| sugatAptanirAkRtiH / kssnnbhNgH| niravayavavastunyapohaH, avyvisiddhiH| tathA shuuny-vibhrmvijnyaanaadvaitniraakrnnaani| prtiitysmutpaadvicchedH| ahetukAbhAvAH asatsamutpattivipratipattisvApAdauvedanasadbhavaH / anabhilASabhASA prtisstthaa| vAcAM vastuviSayatvaM paudglikaavrnnsiddhiH| rAgAdInAM doSatvaM, pratyakSamanumAnamiti pramANadvayanivAraNaM, prtybhijnyaapraamaannym| apohvypohH| sambandhadvayavaidhuryam, hetutrayatrAsanaM, caramakSaNakSayaH, prdiipnirvaannnivaarnnm| arthasya jJAnakAraNatva vidharaNA graahygraahkbhaavsiddhiH| sarvajJasya vktRtvsiddhiH| prameyadvitvAt pramANadvitvanivRttiH / tathA mImAMsakatAthAgatayoH sarvasarvajJatAsiddhiH / mImAMsakAnAzaMkya Atmana: prtyksstvm| karaNajJAnasya vedasya pauruSeyatvaM svata: praamaanny-bhNgH| eknitysrvgtaamuurtvstvnyniraakrnnm| tathAvidhasAmAnyavastu c| hiMsAyAH zreyaHsAdhanatvapratiSedhaH / bhaTTamate pramANaSaTkasya niraakrnnm| prabhAkarAbhiprAyapramANapaMcakasya c| vedAMtavAdiSu sttaadvaitniraakrnnm|

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SaDdarzaneSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH avidyAvicchedaH, vijJAnAdvaitavibhramaikAMtazUnyataikAMtatattvopaplavaH brahmAdvaitazabdAdvaitavAdinaH prati sAmAnyena prmaannsaadhnm| cArvAkaM prati anumAnasya prAmANyam / saugatavaizeSikau pratyAgamasya sAMkhyaM pratyupamAnasya, naiyAyikaM pratyarthApatteH prabhAkaraM pratyabhAvasya ca pratyabhijJArUpatayA saugata- sAMkhya- yauga-mImAMsakAn prati AtmanaH svadehapramitisiddhiH / mImAMsakayogayoH zabdasyApaudgalikatvasiddhiH / yoge dravyatvasiddhiH / 19 jJAnasya vaktuM jJAnAntaravedyatA nirAkRtiH / jagato buddhyavikaraNakAraNatAnirAkaraNam / Izvarasya nityaprayatnajJAnasisRkSAkSatiH / indriyajajJAnapakSe sarvajJatvakSatiH / guNaguNyAdibhedanirAkaraNaM, dharmAdharmAyorAtmaguNatvavyudAsaH / samavAyanirAkaraNaM vyaktisarvagatasAmAnyaniSedhaH / sparzanarasana-prANacakSuSAM pratyekamanilasalilelAnalAraMbhastaMbhaH / zabdasya zrotrasya nAbhasattvaniSedhaH / tamodravyavyavasthitiH / cakSuSaH prApyakAritvapratikSepaH / cetanAsamavAyAdAtmanazcaitanyapracyutiH / vizeSaguNanivRttilakSaNamokSavikSepaH / nirUpAbhAvAbhAvaH / cArvAkAn prati Atmano anAdinavatattvasiddhiH / " pRthivyAdyArabdhatvavaidhuryaM ca puNyapApasiddhi:, brahmAdvaitavAdinazca prati, sAMkhyaM prati prakRtinirAkaraNaM prakRtipuruSaparijJAnamAtrAnmokSakSatiH / sRSTisaMhAraprakriyAnivRttiH, Atmano jJAtRtvakartRtvaguNatvasiddhiH muktau jJAnAdisadbhAva: - abhAvasiddhiH / bhAvaikAntanirAkaraNaM, utpattikAryatvasiddhiH indriyANAM viSayAkAradhAritvavyapohaH / yogAn prati kathAtrayabhaMgaH, SoDazapadArthapratiSedhaH, SaTpadArthapratiSedhaH / chalAdinigrahasthAnanillaThanam tathA kAMzcit prati strInirvANa kevalibhuktinirAkaraNe / evaM sthUlavAdA likhitAH sUkSmAstu bhUyAMsaH saMti /

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siri dhammarAjA kyacvA viracito saddabindu abhinavaTIkA sahitA sampAdako DaoN. surendra kumAra upAcArya evaM adhyakSa pAli-anubhAga, ke.u.ti.zi.saM., sAranAtha, vArANasI

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do zabda pAli vyAkaraNa paramparA meM moggallAnavyAkaraNa, kaccAyana - vyAkaraNa aura saddanIti, ina tIna grantha-ratnoM kA nAma sabase pahale liyA jAtA hai| bAda ke AcAryoM ne sAhitya ko samRddha karane evaM sUtroM ko bodhagamya banAne ke lie TIkA grantha Adi kI racanA kii| sIMhala, barmA, syAma Adi bauddha dezoM meM AcAryoM ne aneka TIkAyeM, anuTIkAyeM likhiiN| ye grantha vidvAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAnya janoM ke lie bhI atyanta lAbhakArI siddha hue| Aja bhI inakA mahattva sarvavidita hai / bhAratavarSa meM isa paramparA kA nirvahana nahIM huaa| naI racanA to kyA hotI, una bauddha dezoM kI lipiyoM meM upalabdha granthoM kA devanAgarI saMskaraNa bhI abhI taka nahI ho pAyA hai| isa prakAra kI udAsInatA se bauddha vidyA kA vizeSa kara pAli sAhitya kA kitanA utkarSa hogA, yaha vidvAdjana samajha sakate haiN| nAma, 2 prastuta grantha ' saddabindu' meM bIsa kArikAyeM haiN| jisake arntagata, sandhi, kAraka, samAsa, taddhita, AkhyAta evaM kita prakaraNa kI carcA upalabdha hai| ise 'pegana' (varmA) ke rAjA 'kya-cavA' ne bAraha sau pacAsa IsvI ke AsapAsa rAjamahala ke striyoM ke prayoga hetu banAyA thaa| 'gandhavaMsa' nAmaka grantha se bhI aisI hI sUcanA prApta hotI hai / punaH pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM syAma deza ke bauddha vidvAna saddhammakIrti mahAphussadeva dvArA ukta ' granthasAro nAma saddabindu vinicchayo' nAma se isa grantha para eka anuTIkA kI racanA kI gii| ye TIkA evaM anuTIkA grantha kaccAyana vyAkaraNa para AdhArita haiN| prastuta saMskaraNa kA AdhAra grantha jarnala Apha pAli TeksTa sosAiTI landana hai / grantha kA pATha yatra-tatra bahuta hI aspaSTa evaM bhraSTa hai| itanA hai ki 1. 'kaccAyana vyAkaraNa' kI bhUmikA meM pro. tivArI jI ne ise 15 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kA grantha batAyA hai| 2. 'kyacvA - rajJo saddabindu nAma pakaraNaM....... akAsi / gandhavaMza pR. 64 - 4 / tathA saddabindu pakaraNaM..... attanoM matiyA kyacvA nAma raJJA katA- pR. 63-28 /

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( 4 ) yaha grantha jijJAsu pAThakoM ko devanAgarI lipi meM prApta ho sakeM / sampAdana ke krama meM prayoga kie gaye anya granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha grantha- gata sUtroM kA nirdeza karane meM pro. lakSmI nArAyaNa tivArI jI dvArA sampAdita grantha kaccAyana vyAkaraNa. kA bahuta sahayoga prApta huA hai / jitanA sandarbha upalabdha ho sakA usake AdhAra para grantha ko suspaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zeSa kA pATha yathAvata hai| pro. brahmadeva nArANa zarmA jI kI preraNA se yaha kArya sampAdita ho sakA hai / maiM sabhI AdaraNIya vidvAnoM ke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~ / surendra kumAra

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namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammA sambuddhassa saddabindu yassa ayyesu dhammesu nANumattaM pyaveditaM / natvA sadhammasaMgha taM saddabindu samArabhe / / 1 / / sandhiyo kAdIritA nava saMkhyA kamena tAdi yAdi ca / pAdayo paJca saMkhyA ti suJA nAma saraJanA / / 2 sare heva sarA pubbA luttA vAcI' parA' ramA / byaJjanA cAgamA vAcI dIgharassAdisambhavA / / 3 / / kAkasena Agatosi keniddhiM atidissati / arAjAkhvaggi mesinaM sotuka meghayitthiyo / / 4 / / nAmaM buddho pumA yuvA santo rAjA brahmA sakhA ca sA / yatAdi dehi jantu ca satthu pitA bhibhU vidU / / 5 / / kaJA-mmA-ratti-tthi-pokkharaNI nadhyarU mAtu-bhU / napuMsake tiyantA va pada-kamma-dadhAyuto / / 6 / / gahitAggahaNenettha suddhe syAdhyantakA pume / / vimalA honti chantehi thya paJcantehi dAdhikA napuMsake payogA tu janakA honti tyantato / / 7 / / 1. catusaTThi (TI.); 3. dvipaJAsa (TI); 5. uju (saddanissaya) so (TI); 7. thiyaM (nya); 2. sarA (TI) 4. asi (TI) 6. tisatacatupAsa 8 .aTThanavasataM

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saddabindu padhAnAnugatA sabba nAma-samAsa-taddhitA atiliGgA nipAtAdi tato luttA va syAdayo suttAnurUpato siddhA go tvanto tha panAdayo / / 8 / / kArakaM cha kArake ca sAmismiM samAso honti sambhavA / taddhito kattu kamma sampadAnokAsa sAmIsu / / 9 / / tisAdhanamhi AkhyAto kitako satta sAdhane / sabbatya paThamA vutte avutte dutiyAdayo / / 10 / / manasA munino vutyA vane buddhena vaNNite / vaTTAbhIto vivaTTatthaM bhikkhu bhAveti bhAvanaM / / 11 / / samAso rAsi dvippadakA dvandA liGgena vacanena ca / luttA tulyAdhikaraNe bahubbIhi tu khepayu / / 12 / / tappurisA ca khepoyAdayA ca kammadhArayA / digavo cAvyanAhArA ete sabbAvahAritA / / 13 / / taddhitaM kaccAdito pi ekamhA saddato niyama vinA / nekatthe sati honteva sabbe taddhita paccayA / / 14 / / AkhyAtaM kattari nAJathA kamme tathA bhAve tu merayA / sabbe te paJcadhAtumhi saMkhepena marUmayaM / / 15 / / 1. cha kArakesu (TI); 3. dvAsattati; 5. 0A(TI); 7. dvekUnavIsati; 2. smiM (TI) 4. dvipadikA (TI) 6. khemayu (TI) dvaadsstN| 9. maru.(TI) 8. aTThavIsati;

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saddabindu gamumhi tiguNA etto sambhavA ajadhAtusu / anantA va payogA te AdesapaccayAdihi / / 16 / / kitakaM kitAdipaccayA sabbe ekamhA api dhAtuto / siyuM nurUpato satta sAdhane sati pAyato / / 17 / / iminA kiJci lesena sakkA jJAtuM jinAgame / payogA ANinA sindhu raso ve kena bindunA / / 18 / / rammaM sIdhaM pavesAya puraM piTakasaJjitaM / maggojumaggataM maggaM saddArale visodhito / / 19 / / dhammena sobhipatinA" parutthaniko teneva / kiJci jalito padIpo kaccAyanuttaratane cittagambhakone dhamma-rAjA gurunAmakena / / 20 / / saddabindu pakaraNaM samattaM / 1. gemumi (TI); 3. sindu (TI); 5. sobbi-(pI) (TI) natthi; 7. "gambha (pI) (TI) natthi; 2. paccayA pi hi (TI) 4. so (TI). "saMkhAtuM (pI) 6. paratthanipakena va-(nya) 8. natthi (TI) rAja-(pI)

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namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammA sambuddhassa saddabindu abhinava TIkA ganthasAro nAma saddabindu vinicchayo paNAma gAthA namissitvAna sambuddhaM tilokaM pi mahAdayaM dhammaca vimalaM saMghaM paJjakkhettaM anuttaraM saddatyaM icchantena tikkhapaJcavisAradA bhikkhunA ANakittena parisuddha guNesinA yAcito haM karissAmi saddabindu vinicchayaM / porANehi katAnekA santi yA pana vaNNanA na tAhi sakkA subuddhaM atisaMkhapa-asthato tasmA naM vaNNayissAmi sabbe suNAtha saadhvo| pacchA tabbinicchayaJca sAdhu gaNhantu tatthikA evaM samAvicAretvA yuttaM gaNhantu paNDitA ayuttaM pana bhaDDentu mA ca issA bhavantu te ti| ratanattaya vaNNanA 1. paramasukhumanayasamannAgataM sakasamayasamayantaragahanaviggAhaNasamatthaM suvimalavipulapaJjAveyyattiyajananaM saddalakkhaNasahitaM gAthApAdasaMkhAtaM varajanAnaM passane akhilanayanasadisaM saddabindupakaraNaM Arabhanto paThamaM tAva sabbattha bhayanIvaraNasamatthaM ratanattayapaNAmaM dassetuM yassa beyyesU dhammesU tyaadimaah| ettha hi sammAsambuddhaM sadhammasaMghaM natvA ti iminA ratanattayapaNAmo vutto| tattha tattha ratanattayavandanaM tAva bahudhA vitthaarenti| visesato pana rogantarAya vUpasamatthaM ptthenti| vuttahi1. pha-lokakhINa mahodayaM; 2. ph-dN| 3. pha-TTentu; 4. ny-jeyytthjnnN?|

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saddabindu nipaccakArassetassa katassa ratanattaye / / AnubhAvena sosetvA antarAye asesato / / ratanattayavandanaM hi atthato vandanakriyAbhinippAdikA kuslcetnaa| sA hi vanditabbavandakAnaM khettajjhAsayasampadAditAya ca diTThadhammavedanIya bhUtA purANakassa kammassa balAnuppadAnavasena purimakammanibbattitassa vipAkasantAnassa rogantarAyakarAni upapIlako pacchedakakammAni vinAsetvA taM nidAnaM rogAda'upaddavasaMkhAtAnaM rogantarAyAnaM anabhinibbattitaM kroti| tasmA ratanattayavandanakaraNaM attanA samArabhitabbassa satthassa anantarAyena sampajjanatthaM bAlakulaputtAnaM vandanA pubbaMgamAya paTipattiyA anantarAyena uggahaNAdi smpjjntthnyc| ayaM ettha samudAyo,ayaM pnaavyvttho| sammAsambuddhaM sadhammasaMghaM natvA saddabindupakaraNaM samArabheti smbndho| yassA ti puggalanidassanaM etaM, jeyyesu dhammesU ti pAvisayanidassanaM etaM, nANuttamaM ti bhavanidassanaM etaM, aveditanti kriyAnidassanaM etaM, natvA ti kattunidassanaM etaM, sadhammasaMghaM ti kammanidassanaM etaM, saddabindu ti sajJAnidassanaM etaM, samArabhe ti AkhyAtakriyAnidassanaM etN| yassA ti yena sambuddhena aveditanti yojnaa| beyyesu dhammesU ti pada dvayaM nidhAranasamudAye yeva anumttnidhaarnniyN| tattha dheyyesU ti jAtabbaM ayyN| sabhAvalakkhaNarasapaccupaTThAnapadaTThAna saMkhAtaM dhamma gambhIrasAgarasadisaM dubbijeyyaM bAlaputhujjanehi na sakkA jAnituM, dhammassa gmbhiirsbhaavttaa| taM hi niravasesato sabba tatrANassa ArammaNaM eva hoti, na anatikkamavasena pavattati, tasmA-yAvataM jANaM tAvatakaM ayyaM, yAvatakaM beyyaM tAvatakaM ANaM ti (?) vuttN| taM pana vacanaM udAhaTaM ganthA yAmakatA bhaveyya, atha pana samantapAsAdikAvinayaTThakathAyaM vitthAritaM ev| taM pana oloketvA yathA icchitaM eva gahetabbaM / sabhAvaM dhArentI ti dhmmo| paramatthasabhAvA paccayehi dhArIyantI ti dhmmaa| dhArIyanti yathA sabhAvato ti dhmmo| atha vA pApake dhamme dhunAti viddhaMsetI ti dhammo, salakkhaNaM dhAretI ti dhammo, dhArIyati paNDitehi na bAlehI ti vA dhmmo| tesu beyyA ca te dhammA cA ti ayydhmmaa| - tesu aNati paNNatI ti aNu, mAnettabbaM mattaM, aNukaJca taM mattaJcA ti aNumattaM, aNumattaMpamANaM ye sante ti aNumattA, aNukaM mattaM ti vatabbe aNumatta 1. aTTha.pR.7; 2. ganthaniyAmakathA?

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abhinavaTIkA nti vuttN| kasmA' aNukathUlAnI' ti pAliyA na sametI ti| saccaM etaM, gAthAbandhachandAnurakkhanatthaM kakArassa lopo dtttthbbo| ___ apI ti upasaggo, api-saddo dvivAcako garahatthe ruciatthe ti| vuttaM higarahatthe ruci-atthe',apisaddo dvivAcako ti (?) / tesu ruci-attho adhippeto| ayaM pana amhAkaM khnti| keci pana garahatthe icchnti| taM na yujjti| kasmA? 'yo kappakoTihI pI, ti na pametattA api saddo' ruci atthe Acariyena icchito| taM pana amhAkaM khanti eva smeti| atha pana avathA icchamAnA vImaMsitvA ghetbbaa| viditabbaM veditaM, bANaM vidati jAnAti etAyA ti vA vedi, vidabANe tpccyN| na vedi avedi, na' tthi vedi etAyA ti avedi| namitunA ti natvA aacriyo| sataM dhammo saddhammo, hanatI ti saMgho, samaggaM kammaM samupagacchatI ti vA sNgho| saddhammo ca so saMgho cA ti sddhmmsNgho| taM ti smmaasmbuddhN| ___tattha dhamma-saddo pana sAmaJavacano dhammo sabhAvo pariyattI ti AdIsu pvttti| tesu pana sabhAvapariyatti idhaadhippeto| sabhAvapariyatti nAma kinti ce, maggaphalanibbAnasaMkhAto sabhAvadhammo nAma, tepiTakaM buddhavacanaM pariyatti dhammo nAmA ti parihAravacanaM kaatb| saMgha-saddo pana saamnyvcno| catuvaggapaJcavaggadasavaggAdike tathA maggaDhe ca phalaTThe ca saMgha saddo pavattI ti codnaa| tesu pana maggaTTe ca phalaTTe cA ti veditbbaa| vuttaM hi maggaTThA ca phalaTThA ca advaivAriyapuggalA, Adito satta sekhA ca asekhA arahA pro| ti (?) beyyesU ti visesanaM, dhammesU ti visesyN| visesanaM nAma bahutaraM navatiMsa visesanaM tulyAdhikaraNavisesanaM, bhinnAdhikaraNavisesanaM; tulyAdhikaraNavisesitabbaM, bhinnAdhikaraNavisesitabbaM, kammavisesitabbaM, kattuvisesitabbaM, karaNa visesitabbaM, sampadAnavisesitabbaM, apAdAnavisesitabbaM, adhikaraNavisesitabbaM, AdhAravisesitabdha, okAsavisesitabbaM, padesavisesitabbaM, bhinnavisesitabbaM, abhinnavisesitabaM, bhinnAbhinna visesitabdhaM, anubhUtavisesitabbaM, jAti 3. tu. aTTha. pR-484| 1. nya-so TI-ruci; 2. panettha?; yo kappakoTIhi pi appameyyaM, kAlaM karonto ati dukkarAni / khedaM gato lokahitAya nAtho, namo mahAkAruNikassa tassa / / sama.pA. I, pra-3

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saddabindu 11 visesitabbaM, kriyAvisesitabbaM, guNavisesitabbaM, dabbavisesitabbaM, nAma visesitabbaM, bhinnajAtivisesitabbaM, abhinnajAtivisesitabdha, bhinnAbhinnajAtivisesitabbaM, bhinnakriyAvisesitabbaM, abhinnakriyAvisesitabbaM, (bhinnAbhinnakriyA visesitabbaM , bhinnaguNavisesitabbaM) abhinnaguNavisesitabbaM, bhinnAbhinnaguNavisesitabbaM bhinnadabbavisesitabbaM, abhinnadabbavisesitabba, bhinnAbhinnadabbavisesitabbaM, bhinnanAmavisesitabbaM, abhinnanAmavisesitabdha, bhinnAbhinnanAmavisesitabbaM, ti codnaa| tulyAdhikaraNavisesitabbaM ti kathaM tulyAdhikaraNa visesitabbanti vijJAyatI ti| abhinnapavattanti nimittAsaddA ekasmiM vatthunipavattA tulyAdhikaraNA nAmA ti| yassekattavibhattitaM eka saMkhyAkriyA pi c| samAnaliGgatA ceva tulyAdhikaraNaM bhave ti / / vacanato, atha vA bhinnavisesanaM, dabbavisesanaM, gunnvisesnnti| hoti cettha: yasmA hi yA bhedatreyyaM hoti tabbisesanaM taJca jAti-guNa-kriyA dabba-nAma nti nekadhA ti (?) / / tassa visesanaM tabbisesanaM, tassa visesyabhUtassa atthassa visesnN| kiM atthA ti vitthArena saddasatthantare yeva atibahUtarA honti| sace idha pana vitthArena ganthabhIrukA bhaveyya dandhapaJo, taM navatiMsa visesanaM nAma bahutaraM kiM payojananti sandhAya vuttnti| ahaM ti padaM samArabhe ti kttaa| kattA ca nAma paJcavidhA: saMyakattA, hetu kattA, kamma kattA, vuttakattA, avuttakattA ti paJcadhA kttukaarnnaa| tesaM pana bhedato sayaM kattA nAma 'suddho pukhaM karoti' tyAdi, hetu kattA nAma 'puriso purisaM kamma kAretI' tyAdi, kamma kattA nAma 'sayaM eva koTThAbhijjate' tyAdi, vutta kattA nAma 'puriso rathaM karoti' tyAdi, avuttakattA nAma 'sUdena pacate odano' tyaadi| vuttaM hi ___ sayaM kattA hetukattA-pa-kattA paJcavidhI hotI ti (?) tesu vuttakattA idhaadhipetto| kammaM pana duvidhaM vuttaavuttbheden| vuttakammaM nAma 'ahinA daTTho naro' tyAdi, avuttakammaM nAma 'rathaM karoti puriso' tyaadi| dvIsu avuttakammaM idhaadhippetN| kasmA 1. TI-ya so katA.; 2. kacca. bhe. 92; 3. ny-nusaaren|

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abhinavaTIkA ti ce, dutiyA vibhattidassanato / puna kammaM nAma tividhaM niSpattivikatipatti bhedena / nipphattikammaM nAma 'kuTiM karotI' tyAdi, vikatikammaM nAma 'kaTuM jhApetI' tyAdi, pattikammaM nAma 'rUpaM passatI' tyAdi / tesu pana pattikammaM idhAdhippetaM / duvidhaM pana pattikammaM kAyacitta bhedena / kAya pattikammaM nAma 'buddhaM vandetI' tyAdi, citta pattikammaM nAma 'AdicvaM namassatI' tyAdi / dvIsu kAya pattikammaM idhAdhippetaM / icchitAnicchitanevicchitanAnicchitakamma bhedena tividhaM / 'bhattaM bhuJjatI' tyAdi icchitakammaM, 'visaM gilatI' tyAdi anicchitakammaM; nevicchitanAnicchitakammaM nAma 'gAmaM gacchanto rukkhamUlaM pAvisI' tyAdi / tesu icchitakammaM gahetabbaM evaM / kasmA ti ce, natvA ti ce, pubbakAlakiriyAya kathaM jAnitabbaM ti / taM hi-- 2 12 natvA pubbakAlakriyA tAva pacchA samArabhe ti padaM sandhAya vuttattA pubbakAlakriyA yuttaM evaM hoti / namu dhAtu, natvA ti cettha tvA-paccayo pubbakAlAdIsu catUsu atthesu dissati / pubbakAlo idha daTThabbo ratanattaye / kasmA ti ce| apyuttito| sace hi aparakAlasmiM ganthakaraNato pacchA namassanaM siyA / sace samAna kAlasmiM ekakkhaNe kriyAdvayaM bhaveyya / sace hetumhi namassanto yeva ganthakaraNaM / 1. TI - sampatti. 3. nya- nusArena; ekakattA kriyAnekA cetaraM pubbakAlataM bhAvetvA ti amukasmiM taM tadatthakriyA matA ti / / ( ? ) no krunnaay| ayaM Acariyo hi bahudhA pakArena ganthe passituM asakkonte dandhapaJe JatvA dayA upajjatiH kathaM pana ime puggalA saddasatthachekA siyuM; sadasatthA hi bahutarA, ime pana mandapaJA ti / tasmA dayA ce ti idaM satthaM karoti, no nmssnto| namassanaM pana kiM payojananti antarAya vinAsanatthanti / nanu vocumhA - vandanaM pana vinA satthassa pakaraNassa asijjhanatthaM karoti, satthaM pana nippayojanaM hoti / tathA hi vuttaM 1 vinA hi maMgalaM seTTaM padumasamitAcariyo / 5 karoti kira ghATeti sIho taM vadhitvA gato ti / / ( ? ) 2. dra. kacca. bhe. 59,63 / 4. nya-so; TI. - samAnaM; 5. nya- nusArena /

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saddabindu ativiya dissti| sIho ti kAlasIho idhaadhippeto| tvA-paccayo tIsu sAdhanesu kattusAdhanaM idhAdhippetaM, na itrdvyN| kasmA ti ce| atthyuttito| sace hi kamma sAdhanavAcako siyA, taM sammAsambuddhantI tyAdi padehi sambandho na yujjti| kasmA ti ce| sammAsambuddhaM tyAdi padAnaM avuttkmmttaa| kathaM vijJAyatI ti codnaa| diTThadutiyA vibhttito| dutiyA vibhatti ca avutto va hoti, kathaM vijJAyatI ti| 'kammani dutiyAya kto' ti vacanato, vutte tu paThamA hoti, avutte dutiyAdayo' ti (?) vacanato, sace bhAvasAdhanaM siyA,tadA kammani sambandhanIyaM na bhveyy| sace kammaM no iccheyya, tadA chaTThI kammaM eva bhvti| kattusAdhanaM hi yuttaM hoti| atha kho samArabhe ti kattuvAcakena kriyApadena samAnAdhikaraNa bhAvato tasseva visesana bhAvato ca kattu vAcako vijaanitbbo| nanu sAmajaM visesyaM bhedanaM visesanaM ti (?) vacanato samArabhe ti padaM visesanaM ti / natvA ti hi padassa sAdhanattaya vAcakattA pubbakAlAdi catunnaM atthAnaM vAcakattA sAmajaM jaatN| samArabhe ti padassa kattavatthe yeva vAcakattA ekantaparakAlikattA ca bhedanaM jAtaM ti| saccaM etaM, tathA pi evaM idha na dtttthbbN| imA pana samArabhe ti padaM visesyaM, samArabhe ti vutte bhutvA sayitvA vatvA vA yaM kiJci sabbakammaM katvA samArabhe ti aniyama hoti| natvA ti vutte pana sesaM sabbaM pubbakriyaM nivantetI ti| tvaM tena bhaviyamAnA kriyAkAmaM viya yathA vA bhuutaa| tathA pi apadhAnaM hotI ti vuttN| anumattaM ti padaM paccattavacanaM kammAni hoti| kathaM vicAyatI ti ce, yassA ti padaM tatiyA vibhattiyaM eva bhjti| yassA ti yena sammAsambuddhenA ti vuttattA paThamA kampani hotI ti| tathA hi vutta:--- yadA ca paThama kattA dutiyA kammaM eva c| yadA ca tatiya kattA paThamA hoti kampanI ti / / (?) idha pana paccattavacanaM kammAni yeva hotI ti veditbbN| sesaM pana vattabbaM na vitthaarem| sace vitthAre gantha garukA bhaveyya taM saddasatthantare yeva bhutrN| vitthAretvA idha pana na vakkhAmi, tatthike hi gavesetvA gahetabbA ti| tattha sappati uccArIyatI ti saddo, saddIyati kathIyatI ti vA saddo, sappati sotavijJANArammaNabhAvaM ApajjatI ti vA saddo, uccArIyatI ti vA sddo| 1. kacca.628; 2. ny-nusaaren|

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14 abhinavaTIkA utuja saddo cittajo ca, tattha pacchimo idhaadhippeto| kasmA? so va munindamukhambujasambhUto upAdAyupasaMkhAto sddo| sappa-dhAtu uccAraNe ti hi dhAtu 'raJjadAdIhi' dha-di-dda kirA kvaci ja-da-lopo cA' ti suttena da paccayaM katvA / 'paradvebhAvo ThAne'' tyanena da-kArassa dvebhAvaM katvA rUpasiddhi veditbbaa| bindati paggharatI ti binduH bindapaggharaNe ti hi dhaatu| 'vida-ante U ti U paccayaM katvA kvacAdi majjhantarAdi' suttena U paccayassa rassaM katvA ruupsiddhi| bindu viyA ti bindu| atha vA saddAnaM kaccAyanAdinaM bindu saddabindu, saddesu vA kaccAyanAdisu bindu saddabindu, saddaJca taM bindu cA ti sddbindu| tesu paThamo tappurisadvayaM eva lbhti| kasmA ti ce, saddabindu ti na vuttN| saccaM etaM saddabindu ti ptthnti| na doso ti vacanaM Acariyena vuttN| nanu va-kArassa ba-kAraM katvA kiM payojananti codnaa| va-kArassa ba-kAraM avinAbhAvato yathA taM pAlI ti yuttaM hoti| la-kArassa la-kAraM katvA pAlI ti vuttaM hoti| tathA hi: sabba tyatra vikAro hetyuccate annyto| tassa rUpaM dukA hoti la-kArassa tathA pi vA / / chinda danto yathA nAgo kuJjarakkhAdhigacchati / evaM pi vaNNa vikAro tabbohAraM vigacchatI ti / / (?) vuttaM hoti atthe kathA ti aTThakathA, sabbathA pi yathAnurUpavasena vaNNavikAraM kAtabbaM / sandhi kappo 2. evaM ratanattayavandanaM dassetvA idAni attanA sammArabhitassa pakaraNassa paTiJAta bhAvaM dassetuM kAdIritA tyaadimaah| tattha kAdI ti ko Adiye sante ti kAdayoM; IritabbA kathetabbA ti IritA, Ira-dhAtu kthne| nimitabbA sNkhyaa| navaJca navaJca navaJca navA ekaseso kaatbbo| navaJca taM saMkhyA cA ti nvsNkhyaa| To Adiye sante ti TAdayo, yo Adiye sante ti yAdiyo, po Adiye sante ti pAdayo, saro ca jo ca no ca sr-j-naa| tattha kAdi akkharA nAma yathA ka,kha, ga,gha,Ga,ca,cha,ja,jhA ti navakkharA nava saMkhyA nAma kavIhi kthitaa| TAdhyakkharA nAma yathA Ta,Tha,Da, Dha,Na,ta,tha,da,dhA ti navakkharA nava saMkhyA nAma saddasatthavidUhi vuttaa| yAdhyakkharA nAma yathA ya,ra,la,va,Sa,za,sa,ha, lAti me navakkharA nava saMkhyA nAma vi hi iiritaa| pAdhyakkharA nAma yathA pa,pha,ba,bha,mA 1. kaccA . 663; 2. kaccA. 28 / 3. kaccA .618; 4. kaccA . 405 /

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saddabindu ti paJcakkharA paJca saMkhyA nAma paNDitehi bhaasitaa| sara Ja-nA ti aTTha sarA ja-nA yeva sukhaM nAma cA ti, taM yathA a-pa-o, Ja,nA ti pakAsitA ti| kamenA ti kama eva pdcchedo| evaM dvitAlIsa-akkhare lekhaNA ti ime paJca vagge katvA kulaputtAnaM tipiTakesveva paTubhAvAyA ti| tesu pana ka-Ta-yA ti tayo vaggA nava saMkhyA nAma, pAdi vaggA-paJca saMkhyA nAma, sara-ca-nA ti dasakkharA suJA naam| tesaM nAma pabhedato sajA pana atthAya paJca vagge katvA ti adhippaayo| tesaM pana lakkhaNaM kathaM vicAyatI ti| tattha kA ti padaM 1 (eka) lekhaM, khA ti padaM 2(dve) lekhaM, pa-jhA-ti 9(nava) lekhaM kaatbbN1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,| TA ti padaM 1 (eka) lekhaM,pa-dhA-ti padaM9 (nava) lekhaM likhitabbaM evaH 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, / ya,ra,la,va,Sa,za,sa,ha,lA ti eseva nyo| pA ti padaM 1(eka) lekhaM-pa-mA ti padaM5(paJca) lekhaM kAtabbaM: 1,2,3,4,5,a,A,pa,o,Ja,nA ti sujJA nAmA ti dtttthbdh| suJA nAma aTTha lakkhaNaM : bindu kAtabbaM 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, / idha lekhaM udAhaTa : tisame purise nAvutyo, 39000, g-jh-a-b-n| idaM pana lekhaM sabbattha veditbbN| hoti cettha: Adi vaggA nava saMkhyA TAdi-yAdi-vaggA tathA pAdi-vaggA paJca saMkhyA Adi nantA suJA pi ca, ete paJca vagge tAva pacchA lekhaM kare budhA ti (?) tesaM aTTha sarAnaM vyaJjanAnaJca ekakkharaM ekapAdaM bandhitvA kulaputtAnaM mukhamaNDanAya dassento Aha-- a-dadaM A-raNaM buddhaM --------------- abhivaDhaM pucabalaM Irita dhammaM uttmN| I hoti kAma kilesaM u-Ti-ccheda saMgaM ekaM anekameka pureti sambodhA ca varuttamaM ohAya lokaM gaccheyya he hetaM paNamAmahaM 1. TI-kamevA ti; 3. nya-so; TI.budhA; 2. TI- me| 4. nya-so; TI-binditvA; 5. nya-so; ttii-lok|

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abhinavaTIkA aki-kAra-puSpaM idaM khaM caranti vihaMgame gata-kAre-jane passa ghaTeti vAyAmaM iTha Gakkharo sara-nissAya natthekaM piTakattaye tasmA va assa vikAro niggahitaM ti avhayu vajjeyya puM mahArAjA chaDDe jaTaM vijaTahi janetha AdAna bhAvena cAgamA puJjasampadaM bAtabbaM dhamma jAtanti phutaM raJcato iTa va ThatvA puJAnubhAvena TAhI gaNhAhI phaladaM va vaDDena AcAyaM Nahi iNaM na gaheyya tArehi na-karaM iNaM tAhi rAjatavAnubhA dadaM yantAna dhammena dhammaM gaccheyya kAmato narehi attano gehe bahirakkhAhi samaNe vAlesi sarIraM jAtA phAsu pase viyo hoti ayaM sIla visuddhAnaM maritvA idha lokamhA yAhi sagganivAsanaM ratiM pemaM rAjAjane labhitvA attano gehaM dhammikaM viya passati ratanattayassa mahA kAmadharehi khattiya saritvA inane ante maNe gaNaM vinodaye La-ti kILantarAjAno atha tejena tAdinA ti (1) evaM dvetAlIsakkhare gahetvA ekapAdaM ekakkharaM subandhitvA rAjovAdaM dasahi kAraNupAyanti kasmA ti ce, ekakkharaM nAma ekapAdaM bandhitvA katthaci dissatI ti| saccaM, taM pana ekakkharaM ekapAdaM nAma tAva hotu, caturo akkharA gAthA nAma atthi, 'sAdhi metthutyAdIhi' porANavuttodayaTIkAyaM (?) vuttN| atha vA dve akkharA ti-akkharA catu-akkharA ca gAthA nAma hontI ti: rAjA pAtu sabbaM maccaM (?)

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sudevo vastu sabbassaM samAraM (?) sabindu tathA caturo akkharA porANehi bandhitA atthi, taM yathAH ca, bha, ka, sA, tiH caja dujjanasaMsaggaM bhaja sAdhu samAgamaM kara puJJa ahorattiM sara niccaM aniccataM ti ( ? ) tesaM attho ativiya pAkaTo yeva / 3. evaM dvetAlIsakkhare paJca vagge katvA gAthAbandhane ca dassetvA idAni pubbalutta para lutta sarAnaM bhedaM dassento AhaH sare heva tyAdi / tattha sarA ti saranti gacchanti pavattantI ti sarA / tehi eva saddo sanniTThAnakaraNattho adhippeto / pubbe bhavA pubbA, pubbe jAtA pubbA, pubbe pavattA ti vA pubbA / adassanaM lopo, luppanaM vA lopo, pubbaJca taM lopaJcA' ti pubbalutaM / pubbaluttassa bhAvo pubbaluttA tipi apre| vAcI ti saMkhyAvacanaM, catusaTThI ti vuttaM hoti / para luttA parA, pariyosAne luttA parA tyattho / ramA ti saMkhyAvacanaM, dvipaJJAsA ti vuttaM hoti / byaJjanAnaJca AgamaTThAne vAcI, catusaTThI hontI ti attho / 2 dIdharassA ca akkharA yathA sambhavA ti Adi saddena cettha saMyogakkharAnaM lopaM sNgyhti| pubbaluttaparaluttasarAnaM byaJjanAnaJcAgamaM padacchedo kAtabbo / tattha pubbaluttasarA tAva vucayate, taM yathA: 'tatrAyamAdi / para luttasarA nAma yathA: ' cattAro me bhikkhave' kiMsUdha, vittaM tyAdi / sesA pana sarUpato savijJeyyA va, adhippAyato ca supAkaTA yev| 1. nya- luttaM; 3. TI-induro; 4. evaM pubbalutta paraluttAdi bhedaM dassetvA idAni sandhipadacchedaM dassetuM Aha-kAkAsenA tyaadi| tattha padacchedo tAva vuccate-ko AkAsena Agato, so isi / kena iddhiM atidissati / ari, aja, Akhu, aggi, mA, isinaM, sA, otukaM, meghA, ya, itthiyo ti padacchedo / ari, aja, Akhu, aggi, mA, isinaM, sA,otukaM,megha, yA,itthiyo ti padacchedo ti apare / ko ti ko jano, so iti eva, kena kAraNena, iddhI ti jANaM, ati bahutarA, arI ti paccatthikA, ajA ti eLako, AkhU ti unadUro, sA ti sunakho, otukaM ti viLAro, mA ti indu, yA ti mahikA mattikApuJjo, undati khanatI ti undUro, sususaddaM nadatI sunakho, 3 17 2. pI - so; TI-sarA / 4. TI-puJja; 5. TI-re /

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18 abhinavaTIkA sAmikaM suNAtI ti sunakho, bilAyaM sadaM rAtI ti viLAro,vivegena satte lAti gaNhAtI ti bilAro, mahiyaM setI ti mahiMso, mahiyaM ravatI ti vA mhikaa| sA aja paccatthikA, otukaM, Akhu-paccatthikA,meghA aggi paccatthikA, itthI isInaM paccatthikA, mA yA-paccatthikA cA ti smbndho| sesaM uttAnatthaM ev| atthopi suvidheyyo vA ti| idaM gAthAbandhaM sandhicchedapakAsanatthAya kataM ti adhippaayo| iti sandhikappassatthavaNNanaM ptthmN| nAma kappo 5. evaM paramavicittasandhikaNDaM dassetvA idAni nAmakaNDa bhedaM dassetuM Aha--buddho tyaadi| buddho ti buddha-saddo, puma saddo, yuvA-saddo,santa-saddo,rAjasaddo,brahma-saddo,sakha-saddo yathAkkama etesaM va sA cha anto pume yeva hotI ti beditbbaa| nibbacanaM pana ettha kattabbaM ev| bujjhati uccArIyatI ti buddho, buddhsddo| sesaM vicAretvA viggaho kaatbbo| buddho ca pumo ca yuvo ca santo ca rAjA ca brahmA ca sakhA cA ti samAhAradvando kaatbbo| ca saddo pana ettha samuccayattho adhippeto| yati saddo ca Adi-saddo ca dehI-saddo ca jantu saddo ca satthu-saddo ca pitu-saddo ca abhibhU saddo ca vidU-saddo cA ti pume yeva hontI ti dtttthbbaa| cha antA nAma a-kAranta A-kArante I-kAranta, u-kAranta, UkAranta, o-kAranta saMkhAtA honti| 6. evaM pumaliGgAdi bhedaM dassetvA ithiliGgAdibhedaM dassento Aha: kajA tyaadi| tAsaM pi padacchedo tAva kaJA,ammA, ratti, itthI, pokkharaNI, nadI, uuruu,maatu,bhuu,kaatbbo| attho ca viggaho ca pAkaTo yev| itthiyaM eva paJca antA honti, yathAH A-kAranta, I-kAranta, u-kAranta, U-kAranta, o-kAranta saMkhAtA paJca antA naam| evaM ithiliGgAdibhedaM dassetvA idAni napuMsakaliGga dassento Aha--napuMsake tyaadi| tiyantaM eva napuMsakaliGgA bhavanti, pada, kamma, dadhi, Ayuvasena vijJAyatI ti| eva-saddo pana ettha sanniTThApako adhippeto| tiyantA ti-ant| 'jinavacanayuttamhi' liGgaJca nipphajjate tato ca vibhattiyo tyAdi sutte adhikicca 'jhalAnaM iya yuva sare vA' ti suttena i-kArassa iya-AdesaM katvA, 1. nya-so; TI-kkammaM; 2. ttii-dhippeto| 3. kaccA . 52; 4. kacca. nipaccate-sUtra-53 / 5. kaccA . 54; 6. kacca. 70 /

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saddabindu 'pubba madho' tyAdi suttena 'saralopo'' tyAdi suttena,'naye paraM yutte suttena rUpasiddhi veditbbo| a-kAranta, I-kAranta, u-kAranta, o-kAranta, saMkhAtA pi antA napuMsakaliMge honti| vuttaM pi ca etaM antA pumamhi raso ca usu ca ithiliGgikaM napuMsake tiyantA va tepiTakesu snyitaa| na vijantettha sesA ca sandehaM mA kare budho ti (?) attho pana tissAya siddho hotI ti| 7. etaM catuddasa ante dassetvA idAni tyAdi vibhattiyo antesvAdi bhedaM dassento gahitA syaadi| ettha buddho ti Adikesu syAdi vibhattiyo pana anta pume yeva honti| gahita agahaNena antehI ti yojnaa| vimalA ti saMkhyAvacano, tisatacatupaJAsA ti vuttaM hoti| thyanti itthiyaM, paJcantehI ti paJca antehii| puna gahita agahaNana syAdi vibhattiyo honti| dAdhikA ti saMkhyAvacano, aTTha nava sataM ti vuttaM hoti| syAdi-vibhattiyo yujjantA pana napuMsake yeva bhvnti| puna gahita agahaNenA ti antato, janakA ti saMkhyAvacano, aTTha, ekasataM ti vuttaM hoti| tena vuttaM'tisaMghAni ca ante ca pume syAdi vibhattiyo sataM dalhA itthiyaM hi aTThasataM napuMsake tepiTakesu vijjanti na unaM adhikaM pi vA antaTThAnena pi Neyya gahitA gahaNena cA ti (?) 8. evaM pumAdiliGga bhedaJca dassetvA idAni vibhattilopapadhAnaM dassento Aha-padhAnA tyaadi| avayave na sahavattatIti sabbaM, nAmaJca nAmaJca nAmAni, sabbaJca taM nAmaJcA ti sbbnaam| samassanaM samAso, tesaM hitaM tddhitN| sabbanAmaJca samAso ca taddhitaJcA ti dvndo| sabbanAmasamAsataddhitasaMkhAtA padhAnaliGgAnugatA . eva bhvnti| atiliGgA tiliGgavirahito tyttho| Adisaddena upasaggAdinaM saMgamhati, syAdayo vibhattiyo tato nipAta upasaggaTThAnato honti| luttA eva 1. kaccA . 10; 3. kacca.-11. 2. kaccA. 83 / 4. nya.so; ttii-rsse|

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20 abhinavaTIkA siddhA ti eva saddo sanniTThApako adhippeto| go ti go-saddo, anta virahito go-saddo atthapadhAnasaMkhAto saddo siddhA yeva suttena anurUpato ti go-saddo dasa vAcako hoti go-saddo sagga raMsIsu vajirAnunevAdisu dassane nayanantesu pasumhi vacane bhuvI ti| sesaM pana vattabbaM eva natthI ti iti nAmakappassa athavaNNanaM dutIyaM / / kAraka kappo 9. evaM vicittanAmakaNDaM dassetvA idAni kArakakaNDaM dassento cha kArake tyaadi| cha kArakesU ti cha kArakesu samAso hoti, sAmismiM pana yathArahaM ti daTThabbaM / kattu kamma-sampadAna-okAsa-sAmi ca taddhito ti gotta-taddhitAdayo smbhvnti| AkhyAto ti AkhyAtavibhattiyo ti sAdhanasmiM kattukamma-bhAvasAdhanesu smbhvnti| kitakA ti kitapaccayAdayo satta sAdhanesu sambhavantI ti yojnaa| imasmiM pana satta sAdhane tayo paccayA kit-kicc-kitkicc-bheden| tesu ye paccayA yebhuyyena kattari vattanti, te kitA naam| ye paccayA bhAvakammesu vattanti, te kiccA naam| ye paccayA sabbesu vattanti, te kitakiccA nAmA ti veditbbaa| vitthAro pana upari aavibhvissti| 1. ny-o| 2. ny.-vjiraakknisaakre| 3. ny.nynaadisu| 4. tu.ekakkharakosa-24-25 / go goNe thi pume sese pumindriye jale kare sagge vajire vAcAyaM bhumyaM ANe ca sUriye gItari khandhe gandhabbe cande dukkhe sugAyane Ise surassati-disAyaJca go-saddo samudIrito / / tathA abhighAnapadIpikATIkA-495 goNo go............... sagge kare ca vajire, balibaddhe ca go pumA thI sorabheyyi nettaM'-ambu-disA-vacana-bhUmisu /

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saddabindu , karaNaM kAro, kAro eva kArako / gamana pacanAdikaM kriyaM karoti nipphAdetI ti kaarko| cha eva kArako cha kArako / tesu saM dhanaM assa atthI ti sAmI / tasmiM samasanaM samAso,saddo samAsIyatI ti samAso attho / sammA anurUpA bhavantIti sambhavA / karotIti kattA, kariyate taM ti kammaM saM suDuM AdadAti gaNhAtI ti smpdaanN| okAsaM viya AcikkhatI ti okAso, sahavattatI ti sAmI / taddhitaM ca kattu ca kammaJca sampadAnaJca okAsaJca sAmI cA ti dvando / sAdhetabba sAdhanaM ti eva sAdhanaM / AcikkhatI ti AkhyAto / vibhattiyo kitetabbAdikA paccayA / cha kArakesU ti vattabbe chandAnurakkhanatthaM U-kArassa rassaM' katvA ti veditabbaM / sabbapadesu paThamA yeva hontI ti vutte samAsataddhitAkhyAtakitakehi dutiyA ca na bhvitbbN| kasmA ? samAsataddhitAkhyAtakitakAdIhi na vutte dutiyAdi yathArahaM evaM hoti / vutte kampAdisAmismiM liGgatthe pathamA siyA / na vRtte ca bhavanta dutIya anurUpato ti vRtaM / / attho pana suvijAnitabbaM evaM / 3 4 11. tadanantaraM eva kAraka sambandhaM katvA AhaH manasAtyAdi / vutyA ti vRttinA, vaTTA ti saMsAravaTTA, vivaTTaM ti vipaJcitukAmassa, bhAvananti kasiNaparikammAdIhi vaDDhanaM / tattha viggaho kAtabbo | monaM vuccati jANaM, monaM assa atthI ti muni / ko so bhagavA, tassa vaNNitabbe vaNite / vane vaTTati punappunaM nibbattatI ti vaTTA, saMsArA visesena vaTTati kammaM muJcatIti / bhIyati dassatI ti bhIto, ko so bhikkhuH, chinnabhinnapaTaM dhAretI ti bhikkhuH saMsArabhayaM ikkhati passatI ti vA bhikkhuH kilese bhindatIti vA bhikkhu; bhikkhati yAcatI ti vA bhikkhu / bhAveti punappunaM vaDDhetI ti bhAvanA / ksinnprikmmaadikN| saMsAro nAma kiM ti, khandha - dhAtu - AyatanAnaM abbocchinnaM pavattattA saMsAro ti / tena Aha: khandhAnaJca paripATi dhAtu - AyatanAnaJca / abbocchinnaM pavattattA saMsAro ti pavuccatI ti / / 21 1. nya- lopaM; 3. nya-so; TI- kAraNa; 5. nya- vivattaM / 6. vi. magga 544; vibhaM. a0. 149; kiJci bhinnaM dissati / 2. tu. bAlAvatAro -gA. 3 / ( kArakappakaraNAM ) 4. nya-vimuccitu

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22 abhinavaTIkA evaM vutta saMsAravaTuM nAma manasA bhAvanaM muninA vutte vaNNite, buddhena vaNNite vane bhAveti vaTTa vivaDheM bhAveti bhIto bhikkhU ti yojnaa| tassa attho channaM kArakAnaM eva siddhantA dsseti| kathaM? bhikkhu kattukArakaM,bhAvanaM kammakArakaM, vutyA karaNa kArakaM, vaTTA apAdAnakArakaM, vane okAsakArakaJcA ti dsseti| manasA munino vutyA ti gAthAbandhena chanaM kArakAnaM siddhantA dsseti| attho ca suvidheyyo v| iti kArakakappassa athavaNNanaM ttiiyN| samAsa ko 12-13. evaM nayavicittakAraka kaNDaM dassetvA idAni samAsa kaNDaM Arabhanto AhaH rAsi dvipadikA tyaadi| tattha rAsI ti saMkhyAvacano, dvisattatI ti vuttaM hoti| dvandA ti dvanda samAsA dvipadikA rAsi, bahubbIhisamAsA tulyAdhikaraNA eva liGgena ca vacanena ca vibhattinA honti| khemayu satapaJcadvedasa kammadhArayasamAsAdayo saMkhaM vIsati digu-avyayIbhAva samAsA ca hArA atttthbiisti| tattha dvipadikA dvandA ti dve padAni dvedvenA vA dvndaa| dvandasadisattA ayaM pi samAso dvando ti vuccti| lInaM aGgaM liGga,liGga viyA tilingg| vuccate anena ti vcnN| ca saddo atttthaanpyogo| tulyaM samAna adhikaraNaM attho yassa taM tulyaadhikrnnN| bahavo vIhayo yassa so bahubbIhi, bahubbIhi sadisattA ayampi samAso bahubbIhIti vuccti| tassa puriso tatpuriso, tappuriso viyA ti tappuriso, tappurisasadisattA ayampi samAso tappuriso ti vuccti| uttarapadasthapadhAno tappuriso ti vuttttaa| kammaM iva dvayaM dhAreti ti kammadhArayo, yathAkammaM kriyaJca payojanaJca dvayaM dhaareti| tathA ayaM samAso ekassa atthassa dve nAmAni dhAretI ti adhippaayo| diguNo ca te gavo cA ti dvegavo digu, saMkhyApubbanapuMsake kattasaMkhAtehi dvIhi lakkhaNehi gato avagato ti digu, digusadisattA ayaM pi samAso digU ti vuccti| byayaM bhavantI ti byayIbhAvA, byayIbhAvAnaM paTipakkho ti avyyiibhaavo| abyayAnaM atthe vibhAvayantI ti vA abyayIbhAvo, vinAsanavasena anayanti pavattantI ti vA abyyN| upasagganipAtapadadvayaM vuttaJca: 1. ttii.kaarnnN| 2. nya-so; TI.etassa; 3. nya-so; TI-diguvo cA ti|

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saddabindu 23 na byaso tIsu liGgesu sabbAsu ca vibhattIsu / yesaM natthi padAnantu tAni vaccanti' abyayA ti (?) abyAyAnaM atthaM bhAvetI ti abyyiibhaavo| vuttaJcaH sadisaM tIsu liGgesu sabbAsu ca vibhattisu vacanesu ca sabbesu yaM na vyeti tadavyayaM ti (?) tIhi liGgehi yo yasmA vibhattIhi ca sattahi byayaM na pApuNAtI ti abyayIbhAvA ti kittito| sayaM kataM makkatiko va jAlanti ettha pana dve paTipATiyA atthassa gahetabbattA abyayatthavibhAvanA naatthI ti sayaM kataM ti samAso abyayIbhAvo na hoti| tathA pubbapadatthapadhAno abyyiibhaavo| keci pana: abyayattha pubbaGgamattA anabyayaM bhavatI ti abyayIbhAvo ti pi vdnti| ayaM pana amhAkaM khanti ruci| abyayatthapubbaGgamattA anabyayaM pi padaM ekadesena abyayaM bhavati etthA ti abyyiibhaavo| ettha ca ekadesaggahaNaM 'ko' yaM majjhe samaddasmiMti (?) imAya pAliyA sameti, samudassa majjhe, majjhe samuddasmiM ti hi viggho| attho pana samuddassa majjhe icceva yojetbbN| abyayIbhAvo nAma duvidhA nAma pubbapadaM abyayapubbapadaJcA ti| tattha gAmapati nagarapatI tyAdIsu nAmapadapubbapado ti, upanagaraM upagaGgaM tyAdisu abyayapubbapadaJcA ti| vuttaJca: nAma pubbapado ca so avyayapubbapado tathA nAmupasagganipAta-vasena duvidhA mato ti (?) avyayIbhAvo satta vibhattIhi vttti| taM yathAH yAni yAni phalAnIti yathAphalaM, pathamA abyayIbhAvo; sotaM anu vattate ti anusotaM, dutiyA; jIvassa parimANe na tikRte ti yAvajIvaM, tatIyA; saddhAya upeto ti upasaddhaM, catutthI; guNato uddhaMti uddhaMguNaM, paJcamI; nagarassa antoti antonagaraM, chaTThI: itthiyaM adhikicca ti adhitthi, sattamI avyayIbhAvo nAmA ti veditbbo| abyayIbhAvo nAma niccAniccavasena duvidho vA ekavidho vA ti codnaa| abyayIbhAvo nAma ajJapadassa viggahattA pubbapadhAno aparapadhAno ti ce, pubbapadhAno ti prihaaro| tathA nicco, so abyayIbhAvo saJjAvasena diipito| eko padhAno abyayI bhAvo 1. vuccanti; 3. nya. chandavasena. TI.vibhatti; 2. TI. sbbesu| 4. nya. "Tako; 5. TI. kicc|

Page #439
24 abhinavaTIkA pubbapadaTThAnaM kiM pyojnN| payojanaM pana vitthArena saddasatthantaresu hoti| idha pana saMkhittena vuttN| vuttaJcaH dvandA dvipadikA ceva dasa honti ca gaNanA bahubbIhi tappuriso dvesatA gnnsmbhvaa| kammadhArayasamAsA kajA honti ca gaNanA digu-'byayA ca samAsA dayitanti yA saJjitA ti (?) iti samAsakappassa atthavaNNanaM catutthaM / taddhita karo 14. evaM gambhIrasamAsakaNDaM dassetvA idAni taddhitakappaM Arabhanto Aha 'kaccAdito' tyaadi| kaccAyanagottAdito niyamaM niyamanaM eva, vinA vajjetvA anekatthe sati, sabbe taddhitapaccayA NAdayo honti eva niyamanaM na hoti| tattha Adi-saddena vaasudevgottaadyo| api-saddena tara tyAdi taddhitAdayo sNgyhti|' gottataddhitA nAma kiM taM ti| vAsiTTha,gotama, kaccAyana, aggivessana, moggallAna ukatta vAsudeva, vaccha, nArAyana, ukaTTha-majjhima-hInakaNhAdisaMkhAtehi jAtigottataddhitAdi daTThabbA / gottataddhite aTTha paccayA honti, yathA-Na, NAyana, NAna, Neyya, Ni, Nika, Nera, Nava, iti' me aTThaveditabbA / taratyAdi taddhite cattAro, tenAhaH dve paccayAni ekA va dvIsu suttesu vattate vikappAdiggahaNena vuttA NikAnikA dube ti| 1. nya. pubbapadapadhAnaM; 2. nya-nti; 3. nya. sktt| 4. TI. 'A; 5. TI. naran; 6. nya. so; TI. aggtttth| 7. tu. saddasArattha jaalinii-443-444| vAsiTTho gotamo ceva kaccAno aggivessAno moggallAyano 'ccAdi ca uttamo ti pavuccati vAsudevo ca vaccho ca nArAyano sAkaTo pi majjhimo kaNhAdi gottaM hIno nAmA ti vuccate / / 8. tu. sddsaartthjaalinii-445| No NAyano ca NANo ca Neyyo Nero NaNo pica __Ni ca Niko ca aTTha ete apecca honti paccayA / (tu.pi ca. kaccA. 346-351) 9. tu.kaccA. 352-353; saddasAratthajAlinI-447 nnik,nniy|

Page #440
saddabindu rAgataddhite eko,tenAha: rAgAditaddhite eko paccayo sa-Na-kArako saMkhepeneva jAneyya anekatthesu sodhito ti / jAtataddhite cha paccayA honti, tenAhaH suttena iminA ceva ima-iya-ika-AdiggahaNena ca kiyo cApi ca saddena cha jAtyA honti paccayA ti samUhataddhite tayo paccayA honti| eko tA-paccayo liGgattayesu vttti| tenAhaH kaNa-NA paccayA vuttA samuhatthesu liGgato liGgattayena gahito hoti tA-paccayA idhA ti ThAnataddhite eko, tenAhaH iyo so paccayo eko vattati ThAnataddhite saddasatthe iya, eyya te vidhanavicAritA ti upamAdaddhite eko, tenAhaH upamAtaddhite eko AyitattaM pavattati saddasatye idha viya therena na katA idhA ti nissite pi eko va paccayo, saddasatthantare pana dve ti| tenAha: nissite paccayA dvidhA lottha aJattha vattate Ne eko paccayo eva kaccAyane na dIpito ti 1. kaccA .-354-nn| 2. kacca. 355; saddasAratthajAlinI-448 im,iy,ik,kiy| 3. TI.pi;tu.saddasAtthajAlinI-449; kacca. 356-kaNa,Na; 357-taa| 4. kacca. 358-iyo, iya, eyya; sddsaartthjaalinii-450| 5. sddsaartthjaalinii-451-aayittt| 6. nya. so' ttii-byko| 7. kya. so; TI-yana; tu.kaccA. 360; tu.saddasAratthajAlinI-452; lo,nne|

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26 abhinavaTIkA bahutaddhite pieko va saddasatthe pana tayo, yathAH bahullataddhite Alu paccaye ko pavattati / satthesu Aluko ceva therena na katA idhA ti seTTha-taddhite paJca paccayA, yathA: adhite paJca paccayA taddhite suvisesane - - tara, tama, isika, iya, iTThA iccete paJca paccayA ti I assatthitaddhite nava paccayA, saddasatthe pana ekAdasa, tenAhaH assatthi taddhite vI ca I-sI ika ra vantu ca mantu ca sa Na-kAro ca paccayA nava dIpitA, satthe idha iyA ceva therena na katA idhA ti pakatitaddhite eko va, vuttaJcaH pakati taddhite eko maya paccayanAmako bahupakAro vidhIsu JAtabbaM taddhitesinAti / pUraNataddhite paJca, saddasatthe pana satta, tenAhaH pUraNe paccayA paJca ima, du, ttA, tiye pica pUraNatthe pavattanti Atabbo taddhitesinA 6 tha, ma, a-paccayA sabbe therena na katA idhAti / 1. kacca. 361-Alu Aluko; tu saddasAratthajAlinI- 453 / 2. tara, tama, issika, iya, iTTha; tu. kacca. 365; evaM saddasAratthajAlIni 454 3. tu.kacca. 366-372 vI ca, I, sI, ika, ra, vantu, mantu, Na, iyA / saddasAratthajAlinI - 454 455 / 4. nya. so; TI. tabba / 5. saddasAratthajAlinI - 455; kacca. 374- maya / 6. saddasAratthajAlinI - 456; kacca. 375, 377, 380, 384, 386, 387 iccAdi / i, maTha ttA, tiya, tha, ma, a

Page #442
27 saddabindu saMkhyAtaddhite eko va pccyo| vuttaJcaH saMkhyAya taddhite eko paccayo ko ti dIpito, vIsati bIsataddhitaM tassodAharaNaM mataM ti' lopAdesAgamAbuddhi saMkhyAne pakatIhi ca beyyo satthAnusArena aJatra vividhA katA ti| (?) vibhAgataddhite dve, saddasatthe pana tayo, yathAha: suttena paccayo vutto vibhAge dhA vibhAgato so paccayo vibhAgato ca-saddena pakAsito saddasatthe vidhaM vutto vibhAgo ca vibhAgato ti (?) ime pannarasa tddhitaani| sesA nidhanatti bANavatA saddasatthesa gahetabbaM ti kaccAdito ti etena gottataddhite sAdhanatthaM ti dsseti| apI ti padena sabbataddhite sAdhetI ti dsseti| attho pana suvidheyyo| iti taddhita kappassa atthavaNNanaM paJcamaM / AkhyAta kappo 15-16. evaM paracittanayagambhIrataddhitakaNDaM dassetvA idAni AkhyAta kaNDaM ArabhantoyaM AcAriyo Aha: 'kattarI' tyaadi| kattarI ti kattusmiM, sabbete payogA paJca dhAtumhi honti, naacthaa| satta sataM te payogA pana kamme yeva honti,tathA naajthaa| bhAve payogA vipavattanti, merayA satavIsapaJcAdhika sNkhyaavcno| paJca dhAtumhi payogA honti, saMkhepena saMkhittena, marumayaM sahassa paJcasatavIsapaJcAdhika saMkhyAvacane, gamumhi payogA pana tiguNA tIhi guNitA honti| etto paJcadhAtuto sambhavAnurUpaM gahetabbaM ev| te ca payogA aJathA dhAtusu anantA aparimANA ev| AdesapaccayAdIhi sambhavantI ti| ettAvatA payogA paJcadhAtumhi gaNanavasena marUmayaM acadhAtUsu pi yebhuyyena pavattantA na gnnitbbaa| 1. saddasAratthajAlinI-457; kcc.-380| 2. nya.-so; ttii-lopaadesog| 3. TI. o, yyo; 4. kacca. 399-dhA 5. nya. taddhitatthinA (?); 6. pii.so;ttii-gemumi| 7. pI.so;TI-Adese paccayAdi pi|

Page #443
abhinavaTIkA rUpasiddhi pakaraNaM oloketvA ghetb| sesavacanaM eva vattabbaM natthI ti| attho pana supaaktto| iti AkhyAtakappassa atthavaNNanaM chttuN| kita kappo 17. evaM AkhyAtakaNDaM dassetvA idAni kitakappaM dassento AhaH kitAdI tyaadi| sabbe paccayA kitAdi ekadhAtuto siyuN| anurUpato yathAsambhavato satta sAdhane sati pi pAyato yebhuyyena pavattanti, ettha Adi-saddena kitakiccapaccayA saMgayhanti / apisaddena dhAtusAdhanAni sNgyhnti| kito Adiye sante ti kitaadyo| paTicca etasmA ti pccyo| kitAdi eva paccayA kitaadipccyaa| saha avayavena vattatI ti sab, payati yebhuyyena pavattatI ti paayo| pAya. saddo bAhullavAcako, yebhuyyenA ti attho| ye paccayA bAhullena kattari pavattanti, te kitA naam| ye paccayA bAhullena bhAvakammesu vattanti, te kiccA naam| ye paccayA sabbesu vattanti, te kitakiccA nAma vuttaJcetaM: tayo ca paccayA beyyA kitakA kiccakA tathA kitakiccakanAmaJca saddasatthe pkaasitaa| kitakA kattari beyyA bhAvakammesu kiccakA kitakiccA tu sabbattha yebhuyyena pavattare ti (?) kitapaccayA nAma kiM tanti pucchaa| vuttaM hi etaM: Nvu,ro,Na,ka,ta,ti,tu,ca tAve i anta,mAna,tuM, tuna, tvAna ca ima terase kitapaccayA siyuM / anIyo, tabba, Nyo, rica, ririya,kha sabbapaccayA te kiccApaccayA nAma bAtabbA pccyesinaa| No ca yu kvi ca rammo ca Nu, Nvu,tu,AvI idha a TTha, rahu, AnI,a,nu,kA pannarasa kitakiccA ti 1. nya. so; TI. anurUpagato: 3. nya-so:TI-dhammesu; 5. nya.so; TI-tAva; 7. nya. so; TI-aniyo; 2. nya-so; TI. sNgyhti| 4. nya. so; ttii-nno| 6. TI. tpccyaa| 8. nya. so; TI. sva, tu, rtthu|

Page #444
saddabindu kitapaccayA terasa chahonti kiccapaccayA kitakiccA pannarasa catutiMsa samUhato ti (?)' sahasatthantare pana kitakiccabhedena dvedhA vRttA ti| tathA pi lakkhaNavasena vuttaM ti dtttthbbN| kitAdI ti etena kita-kicca-kitakiccaye sAdhetI ti dsseti| apI ti padena satta sAdhana vuttarUpaM ti dsseti| adhippAyo pana ativiya pAkaTo yev| iti kitakappassa athavaNNanaM sattamaM / pakiNNakaM 19-20. (evaM kitakaNDaM) dassetvA idAni attanA kattabbassa pakaraNassa guNaM dassetuM iminA kiJci lesena ti Adi aarddhN| sabbe payogA pana ekena bindunA ANinA kulaputtena ANena samannAgatA saddAraje saddasaMkhAte Arajhe jinAgame vihitA sakkA AtuM paTituM, binduraso bindurasa upalakkhito vegena 1. terasa kita paccayA Nvu-kacca. 529 rU-kacca. 536-537,540-541, Na-kacca. 526,530-531 ka-kacca. 663, 665, 666 (?) ta-kacca. 557-559 ti-kacca. 554 tu-kacca. 563 tave-kacca.563 i kacca.553, 571 anta, mAna--kacca.567 tuM-kacca 565 tuna, tvAna-kacca.566 cha kicca paccayA anniyo| kacca. 542 tabba-kacca. 542 Nyo-kacca.543 ricca-,, ,,544 ririya- ,, ,, 556 kha- ,, ,, 562 pannarasa kitakicca paccayANo-kacca.656 (?) yu-kcc.535,549-550| kki-,, 532 / rammo-,, 533 / Nu-kacca 673 / Nvu-,, 529,534; tu-kacca-529,534 AvI-,, 529,534 tttth-kcc.574,575:674| raTThaH ratthu 568:574 a-kacca.527,528,529,555 ini (ina) kacca. 560,561 nu-kcc.539| kaa-kcc.597| 2. TI.sattA; 3. ? / 4. nya-so; TI saMghe ajhe; 5. pI-so;TI.sattA; 6. pii-sindhurso|

Page #445
30 abhinavaTIkA sIghagamanena, iminA kiJci lesena iminA upAyena te payoge jAnitvAna' sIghaM pavesAya puraM piTakasaMkhAtaM puraM (ramma) ramitabbaM nAnA nayehi maggo upAyo ujumaggaM taM kulaputtAnaM maggaM upAyaM visodhito mayA ti adhippaayo| nAnAnayena saddArajeti yojnaa| patisaraNaM karotI ti paTikaM,paTivisuM vA karotI ti paTikaM,patisaraNaM karIyati etehI ti vA paTikaM, paTikaM viyA ti pttikN| tesu vuddhI ti AdinA suttena paTika-saddassa piTakAdeso hotI ti kate rUpaM, saJjiyate saJjI, piTakAtisaJjI, piTakasajI, piTakasajI eva piTakasaJjI, piTakasaJjI yassa taM piTakasaJjItaM, tassa bhAvo piTakasaJcitaM / iti ganthasAraM saddabinduvinicchayaM smttN| yo thUpathUpo va dhirosamAno jinassa dhAtu patiTThAnabhUto vasIhi katehi anekanekA kArApayante haripuJjayasmiM suvaNNapaTehi acchAdayitvA harissaraMsIhi jajjalamAno Avhayitabbo' va nAma ramma nAnatta so nayena Avuto yona nagare abhivaDDayanto visuddhasIlo samaNAnaM indo laddhAbhisekho phussadeva" thero . rAjAdhirAjinoti pUjayitvA 1. nya.-so; ttii-jaanitaan| 2. nya.so; TI-sikkhA ; 3. pI.so; ttii-ruupN| 4. kacca.406-tesu vuddhilopAgamavikAraviparItAdesA c| 5. ttii.punruutti| 6. nya. 20 dhammena dhammAnurUpaM solipatinA (vA salapatinA) sahasamuddena pathavitale issarena parattha nipakeneva paresaM atthahitAvahe nipuNena, gurUnAmakena gurUhi dinna,(kya evA ti) nAmakena, dhammarAjA dhammarAjena kaccAyanuttaratane kaccAyanAcariyena utta (kathita) saddanaya atthanayasaMkhAtehi ratanehi sampuNNe, cittagabbhakoNe vicitragabbhassa, ovarakassakoNe, ekadese, padIpo dIpajAlA, kiJci thokamattaM jalito ujjaalito| 7. TI. samano; 8. nya. so, ttii.-pttiptttthaan| 9. nya. so;TI-paripaJca; 10. ttii.-hrisrNsihi| 11. nya-so; TI-avavha; 12. ttii.aavtto| 13. yonara8; 14. TI.laddho; 15. ttii.phussrev|

Page #446
taM zUpathUpavaraM nissaya TIkaM sadasya bindu vivaraNatthaM evaM saddanayagambhIre ganthA atibhayisAyaM' ganthasArasAraM tasmA yeva ca dhirA nipuNA sumana paTipakaraM vArayeyyaM pamuditahadayAnaM sattupame sadhutiparasati sihA dhUre sabbaGgasampanne ramme sAdhujanAkiNNe saddabindu 1. TI. ti abhayisAyaM / 3. TI. bhi 5. TI. tumana; 7. TI. sIhavutti; 9. TI. ganthasAronodha / karonto haripuJjayasmiM seTThassa ganthaM ganthasArasArI saddhAnaddhiyA sattasu dhammato 2 sonaM uttama tipiTaka jAnana mandapaJca ca ye etaM vasocitte' te bhiJatavArA gaveyyaM acchambha sIlavu nAdaM nAJJoye deyyuM haripuJjaya nAmake devaloke manusse vA saMsaranto punapunaM sabbesaM pavaro hutvA jANatikkhaM labhaM ahaM manussalAbhaM laddhAhaM virUpo mA bhave mama sarUpo ANasampatro pahomi piTakattaye / saddabinduTIkA niTThitA / janasutanisevi vaDane sabbavatthUhi rAjaseTThanivAsite nagare gocaraM katvA ArAme ramma nAmake vasissAmi AhaM ettha TIkAyaM racitA mayA ti iti bhaddanta sirisaddhammakitti - mahAphussadeva therena racito ganthasAro nAma niTTato, paripuNNo, samatto / 2. TI. sotunamattama / 4. TI. puNNA / 6. TI. paso-- 8. TI. ripuJceyya / 31 dha

Page #447
grantha-sUcI - saM.saM.vi.vi. vaaraannsii| - tArA prakAzana, vaaraannsii| 1. aTThasAlinI 2. abhidhAnapadIpikA ttiikaa| 3. ekkkhrkos| 4. kaccAyana vyAkaraNa 5. kaccAyaNa bhed| 6. gandhavaMsa 7. vAlAvatAro 8. vibhaGga aTThakathA 9. visuddhi maggo 10. sddny| 11. saddanaya ttiikaa| 12. sddnissy| 13. saddasArattha jaalinii| 14. samantapAsAdikA pii.ttii.es.lndn| bauddha bhAratI prakAzana, vaaraannsii| - navanAlandA mhaavihaar,naalndaa| saM.saM.vi.vi. vaaraannsii| - nava nAlandA mhaavihaar| aTTha kacca. kacca.bhe. / / / / / / / / / / / sAGketika vivaraNaM aTThasAlinI kaccAyaNa vyAkaraNa kaccAyaNa bheda saddAnaya TIkA tulanIya draSTavya bhadanta charAto OM nyanika ke mt| saddanaya phAusavaoNla vibhaGga. aTThakathA visuddhi maggo samantapAsAdikA vi.bha.a. vi.magga. sama.pA.

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AcArya nAgArjuna viracita niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava sArAMza sahita bhUmikA aura sampAdana pro. thubatana chogaDuba adhyakSa, bauddhadarzana vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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bhUmikA AcArya nAgArjuna dvArA viracita 'niraupamyastava' evaM paramArthastava' atyanta durlabha laghu grantha haiN| inake aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha mUla saMskRta kI eka chAyAprati hameM aneka varSa pUrva prApta huI jo sambhavataH kisI pazcimI deza ke granthAlaya se lAyI gayI haiN| mUla prati meM kucha aspaSTatA evaM kucha truTiyA~ pAyI gayI jinheM tibbatI anuvAda ke AdhAra para sudhArane kI ceSTA kI haiN| maiM samajhatA hUM ki mUla pATha kA svarUpa kAphI zuddha ho gayA haiN| tathApi yadi bhASAgata koI truTI raha gayI ho to puna: sudhArane kI ceSTA kruuNgaa| bauddha darzana bauddha darzana kevala eka darzana nahIM hai, apitu darzanoM ke samUha hai| kinhIM viSayoM para vicArasAmya hone para bhI paraspara atyanta matabheda haiN| zabdasAmya hone para bhI arthabheda adhika hai| vibhinna zAkhAoM tathA upazAkhAoM ke hone para bhI mUla dArzanika siddhAntoM ke sAmya kI dRSTi se bauddha darzanoM kA cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yathA-vaibhASika sautrAntika, yogAcAra (vijJAnavAda) evaM mAdhyamika yA shuunytaavaad| vaibhASika meM sarvAstivAda tathA sthAviravAda Adi aThAraha nikAya haiN| sautrAntika meM AgamAnucAri evaM yuktatyanucArI do haiN| vijJAnavAda meM bhI AgAmanuyAyI tathA yuktyanuyAyI do haiN| mAdhyAmikavAda meM svAtAntrikamAdhyamikavAda evaM prAsaMgikamAdhyamikavAda do haiN| ina saba darzanoM ke mUla meM bhagavAn buddha ke ve vacana haiM, jinakA upadeza unhoMne vibhinna dhAtu, adhyAzaya, aura adhimukti vAle vineyajanoM ke kalyANa ke lie vibhinna sthAnoM tathA vibhinna kAloM para diyA gyaa| buddha ke samasta vacanoM kA trividha dharmacakra pravartanoM meM saMgraha ho jAtA hai| . buddha ke upadezoM kA lakSya logoM ko tattvadarzana karAnA hotA haiN| vastuoM kI yathArthatA ke darzana dvArA hI avidyA kA prahANa sambhava hai| avidyA ke prahANa se du:khoM kA unmUla hotA haiN| ata: bhagavAn buddha tattvadarzana dvArA logoM ko sanmArga meM pratiSThita karate haiN| aisA nahIM ki apane divyabala yA zakti se logoM

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava ke duHkhoM kA nivAraNa karate hoM yA apane ko prApta jJAna kA logoM meM sthAnAntaraNa kara dete hoN| isIlie sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki na prakSAlayanti munayo jalena pApaM naivApakarSanti kareNa jagadaduHkham / naiva ca saMkramate hyanyeSu svAdhigamaH saddharmatAdezanayA vimocynti|| bodhiprApta hone ke bAda sarvaprathama sAranAtha meM buddha ne jo caturvidha Aryasatya para AdhArita upadeza prathama dharmacakra ke rUpa meM diyA thA, vaha svalakSaNasattA yA svabhAvasattA para AdhRta thA aura mukhyataH zrAvakavargIya svabhAvasattAvAdiyoM ke lie thaa| mahAyAnasiddhAntavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se yaha dezanA neyArtha dezanA hai| gRdhrakUTa parvata Adi meM prajJA pAramitA sUtroM kI jo dezanA kI gayI thI aura jinakA mukhya viSaya zUnyatA, anutpAda, anirodha tathA nissvabhAvatA Adi haiM, ve dvitIya dharmacakra kahalAte haiN| ve nissvabhAvatAvada ke samarthakoM ke lie the| vaizAlI Adi sthAnoM meM svAbhAva kI dRSTi se dharmoM kA vibhAjana karake tRtIya dharmacakra kI dezanA kI gayI haiM, jisa ke vineyajana zrAvaka evaM mahAyAnI donoM prakAra ke sattva haiN| yahI dezanA vijJAnavAda darzana kA mUlAdhAra hai| ___ina tIna dharmacakroM ko lekara neyArtha evaM nItArtha kI lambI vyAkhyA haiM, kintu yahA~ kevala mAdhyamikavAda darzana ke viSaya meM katipaya tathyoM ko hI prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jinakA sambandha prastuta laghugranthoM se haiN| mAdhyamikavAda kA prArambha mAdhyamikavAda yA zUnyatAvAda samAnArthaka hai| madhyamakavAda kA vicAra buddha kA mUlyavicAra haiN| buddha kI dRSTi se jIvana meM bhI madhyamavAda Avazyaka hai| atyanta vilAsitA pUrNa jIvana tathA atyanta tapazcaryA-ye donoM hI 'anta' hai| inase rahita madhyamajIvana hI AdarzajIvana hai| nitya zAzvata AtmA kA Astitva tathA paralokagAmI citta-caitasikoM kA abhAva-ye do bhI 'anta' haiN| ina meM patita na hokara madhyama dRSTi samyagdRSTi haiN| nitya AtmA kI sattA nahIM hai tathA cittadhArA puNya-pApa Adi ke bhAra ko lekara paraloka jAtI haiN| ata: zAzvata evaM uccheda ina do antoM se haTakara madhyamamArga para calA jA sakatA haiN|

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bhUmikA isa mAdhyamika siddhAnta kA carama utkarSa zUnyatAvAda se sampanna hotA haiM / zUnyatAvAda kA udbhava zatasAhastrikAprajJApAramitA Adi sUtroM se huA haiM / zAzvatAnta arthAt svabhAvasattA evaM ucchedAnta arthAt vyAvahArika asattA se rahita mAdhyamikavAda hI zUnyatAvAda hai / yahI zUnyatAvAda prajJApAramitA sUtroM kA sAkSAt pramukha viSaya haiN| prajJApAramitA sUtroM ke darzanapakSa ke pravartaka nAgArjuna evaM mArgapakSa ke pravartaka maitreyanAtha haiN| prajJApAramitA sutroM ke AdhAra para nAgArjuna ne mAdhyamika darzana pakSa kI sthApanA kI / zUnyatAvAda kA prArambha kevala bauddha darzana meM hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka abhUtapUrva ghaTanA hai, jisase mAnava ciMtana kI dizA prabhAvita huI haiN| nAgArjuna kI racanAe~ prajJApAramitAsUtroM ke dArzanikapakSa kA pratitapAdana karate hue nAgArjuna ne atyanta mahattvapUNa cha: mAdhyamika zAstroM kI racanA kI haiM jinheM 'SaDvidhamadhyamakazAstra' bhI kahate haiM / (1) sarvaprathama mUlamAdhyamika kArikA kI ranacA kI haiM, jisameM 27 prakaraNa haiN| yaha zAstra samasta pudgala tathA dharmoM kI svabhAvasattA kA niSedha vistArapUrvaka karatA haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM mUlamAdhyamika kArikA samasta jagat tathA jIva kI svabhAvasattA kA niSedha karatI haiM / mUlamAdhyamika kArikA ke prakaraNoM ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jina prakaraNoM kA sambandha pudgalAtma ke niSedha se haiM, ve prathama bhAga meM tathA jinakA sambandha mukhyataH dharmAtmA ke viSedha se haiM, ve dvitIya bhAga meM lie jA sakate hai| kucha prakaraNoM kA sambandha ubhaya niSedha se bhI hai, ve ubhaya varga meM liai jA sakate haiM / mUla mAdhyamikakArikA ke bAda nAgArjuna ne pA~ca aura granthoM kI racanA kI haiN| jo mUlamAdhyamika kArikA ke pariziSTa ke rUpa meM likhe gaye the / yathA-- 2. vaidalyaprakaraNa 3. vigrahavyAvartanI 4. zUnyatAsaptatI 5. yuktiSaSThikA 6. ratnAvalI nAgArjuna ke ukta chaH zAstroM meM se prathama cAra grantha zUntayatA ko mUkhyarUpeNa pratipAdita karate haiM jo pratItyasamutpAda para AddhRta hai / yuktiSaSThikA evaM ratnAvalI zUnyatA kA Alambana karane vAle mArgoM kA mukhyarUpeNa pratipAdita karate haiM jo mukti kA mArga haiN|

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6 niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava nAgArjuna kI anya racanA haiM 7. mahAyAnaviMzikA 9. pratItyasamutpAdahRdaya 11. sUtrasamucaya 13. suhRllekha 8. akSarazataka 10. bhAvanAkrama 12. bhavasaMkrAnti 14. stavagaNa stavagaNa yA stotragaNa meM aneka stava saMgRhIta haiN| koI SaTstavagaNa mAnate haiM to anya loga catusastava batAte haiM / tibbatI meM cha: stava upalabdha haiN| yathA 1. niraupamyastava 3. lokottarastava 5. avicintanIyastava ina stavoM meM bhI zUnyatA kA pratipAdana hai, parantu mUlamAdhyamikakArikA Adi kI taraha yuktiyoM dvArA nissvabhAvatA kI vyAkhyA vistRta nahIM haiN| 2. paramArthastava 4. dharmadhAtustava 6. prajJApAramitAstotra jaba taka nAgArjuna ke darzana kI rUpa rekhA kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA taba taka ina stavoM kA abhiprAya bhI avagata nahIM ho sakatA haiM / viSaya samIkSA nissvabhAvatA evaM pratItya samutpAda nAgArjuna kA vAstavika darzana hai tathA ve isa darzana ko buddha kA vAstavika darzana mAnate hai / isIlie AcArya ne isI pratItyasamutpAda evaM nissvabhAvatA ko lekara buddha kI vandanA sadA kI haiN| nissvabhAvatAvAda vastuaiM kyoMki hetu-pratyayoM se utpanna hotI haiM, isalie ve nissabhAva siddha hotI haiN| svabhAvasattA hone para hetu pratyayoM se utpatti asambhava ho jAegI / jo tupratyayoM se utpanna hogA, vaha kRtaka hogA jo kRtaka svabhAva kA hogA, vaha kRtrima svabhAva kA hogA, kyoMki jo akRtrima aura nirapekSa svabhAva kA hotA hai, usakA hetu pratyaya se utpanna honA sambhava nahIM hai| nAgArjuna ne mUla madhyamakakArikA ke svabhAva parIkSA paJcadazamaM prakaraNa meM kahA ki

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bhUmikA na sambhavaH svabhAvasya yuktaH pratyaya hetubhiH / hetu - pratyayasambhUtaH svabhAvaH kRtako bhavet / / 15/ 1 / / svabhAvaH kRtako nAma bhaviSyAti punaH katham / akRtrimaH svabhAvo hi nirapekSaH paratra ca / / 15 / 2 / / svabhAvasattA kisI kI bhI yadi hogI to usakA astitva anyoM para apekSita nahIM hogaa| padArthoM kA astitva anyoM para apekSita haiM / ataH padArthoM kI svabhAvasattA arthAt apanI ora se sattA nahIM hotI haiN| sabhI kalpanA dvArA sthApita mAtra haiN| 7 vyAvahArika sattAvAda sampUrNa jagat evaM jAgatika padArthoM ke nissvabhAva hone para hI ina kI vyavahArika yA sAMvRtika sattA surakSita haiN| nissvabhAvatva kA artha aisA kathamapi nahIM hai ki sabhI padArtha rajjusarpavat alIka haiM, apitu isakA abhiprAya hai ki sabhI padArtha kevala kalpita haiN| ghaTapaTAdi vastuaiM bhI kalpitamAtra haiM / parantu rajjusarpa tathA sarpa donoM kalpita hone para bhI rajjusarpa lokavyavahAra se bAdhita hai, para sarpa loka vyavahAra se bAdhita nahIM hai| lokavyavahRta sattA yA kalpita sattA ke AdhAra para saMsAra tathA nirvANa kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| aisA kathamapi nahIM hai ki saMsAra nissvabhAva ho, para nirvANa tathA tathAgata kI svabhAvasattA ho| svabhAvAstitva kI dRSTi se saMsAra evaM nirvANa meM koI bheda nahIM hai / zUnyatA bhI nissvabhAva hai| ataH sabhI padArthoM ke nissvabhAvatva hone para bhI zUnyatA kA svabhAvAstitva mAnanA tathA zUnyatAvAda kI vedAntadarzana ke sAtha saMmizrita karanA mAdhyamika darzana ke atyanta viparIta hai| jisa yukti se ghaTAdi padArtha nissvabhAva siddha hote haiM, usI yukti se nissvabhAvatA bhI nissvabhAva siddha hotI haiM / ataH zUnyatA kA bhI nissvabhAvatva siddha hotA haiM / sampUrNa jagat evaM jAgatika padArtha mAyAvat evaM pratibimbavat mithyA evaM nissvabhAva haiN| parantu isa kA abhiprAya aisA nahIM hai ki jagat evaM jAgatika padArtha mithyA mAtra ho aura usa mithyAtva kA adhiSThAna zUnyatA ho jaisA ki vedAnta darzana ke anusAra dRzya jagata mithyAmAtra hai; inakA koI Astitva hI nahI hai / jagat kI kalpanA kevala bhrAntisvarUpa hai / bhrAnti kA adhiSThAna brahma hai / mAdhyamika ke anusAra saMvRttisatya evaM paramArthasatya donoM kA svabhAvatva nahIM hai aura donoM kA vyAvahArika yA prajJapta Astitva hai| ataH vedAntadarzana ke brahma tathA nAgArjuna kI zUnyatA yA nissvabhAvatva meM kiJcid bhI sAdRzyatA nahIM hai /

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava mArga evaM phala kI vyavasthA nissvabhAvatA evaM vyavahRtasattA ke adhAra para saMsAra evaM nirvANa kI vyavasthA sucAru rUpa se calatI haiN| yadi svabhAvAstitva ho to ukta vyavasthA asambhava ho jaaygii| nAgArjuna ne kahA hai sarvaM ca yujyate tasya zUnyatA yasya yujyate / sarvaM na yujyate tasya zUnyaM yasya na yujyate / / (mAdhyamika kArikA AryasatyaparIkSA catuviMzatitamaM prakaraNam kArikA saM.14) isalie vyavahatasattA para Adbhuta sambhAra mArga Adi samasta mArgoM-jo prajJA evaM karuNAtmaka hai--ki vyavasthA hai| puNyasambhAra tathA jJAnasambhAra kI vyasthA hai jina kI paripUrNatA se buddhatva kI prApti hotI hai| zUnyatA evaM karuNA kI paripUrNatA hone para phala kI avasthA AtI hai| trividha kAya mAdhyamika mArga kA phala hai jo sakalajagata ke hitoM kA sampAdana karate haiN| isalie nAgArjuna ne mahAkaruNA para AddhRta dharmakAya ke svarUpa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara stuti kI hai| prastuta laghugrantha, stavadvaya kA sArAMza niraupamya stava isa laghugrantha meM 25 kArikAeM haiM tathA dharmakAya svarUpa zUnyatA kA mukhyarUpa se varNana karate hue bhakti pUrNa zabdoM dvArA tathAgata kI stuti kI gayI hai| yathA kudRSTiyoM se grasta isa loka ke hita ke sampAdana meM saMlagna evaM nissvabhAvatA ke jJAtA tujha jaise anupama ko namaskAra hai| he nAtha! tumhAre buddhacakSu ke dvArA (nissvabhAvatA ko pratyakSata: jJAna dvArA) kiJcida bhI svabhAvAstitva nahIM dekhA, vahI tumhArI anuttara dRSTi hai, kyoMki vahI tattva darzana hai| yahA~ (yathArtha darzana kSetra meM) na to bodha hotA hai aura na hI bodhavya hotA hai, kyoMki ki saba nissvabhAva hai| aho! tuma usa dharmatA ko jAnate ho jo parama durbodha hai| tuma ne na to kisI kA utpAda kiyA aura na hI kisI kA nirodha kiyaa| arthAt tumane svabhAvata: na to mArgoM kA krama utpanna kiyA aura na hI klezoM

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bhUmikA kA vinAza kiyaa| apitu saMsAra evaM nirvANa Adi kI samAnarUpa se nissvabhAvatA ke darzana se hI anuttara pada yA buddhapada (buddhatva) prApta kiyaa| he nAtha! tuma svabhAvata: saMsAra ke apakarSaNa (prahANa) se nivArNa kI prApti ko nahIM mAnate, apitu tuma ne saMsAra kI anupalabdhi arthAt saMsAra kI nissbhAvatA se zAnti (nirvANa) ko prApta kiyA hai| tuma saMkleza (saMsAra) tathA vyavadAna (nirvANa) donoM kI ekarasatA ko jAnate ho tathA dharmadhAtu (nissvabhAvatva) meM abhedatA ke kAraNa tuma sarvata: vizuddha ho| __ he vibhu! tuma ne svabhAvata: eka bhI akSara vineyajanoM ko nahIM batAyA; phira bhI samasta vineyajanoM ko dharmopadeza kI varSA se saMtRpta kiyA, arthAt nissvabhAva kI dezanA se sabhI ko santuSTI pradAna kii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki tuma na to skandhoM meM Asakta ho aura na hI dhAtuoM meM aura AyatanoM meM Asakta ho| ata: sabhI dharmoM kI prati samacitta tumhArA hai| arthAt sabhI dharma ko tuma samAnarUpa se nissvabhAva jAnate ho| he nAtha! tuma meM sattvasaMjJA (sattva-svabhAvAstvi saMjJA) kabhI bhI pravRta nahIM hotI, tathApi duHkhita sattvoM ke prati atyadhika karuNAvAna ho| he prabhu! sukha, duHkha, AtmA, nairAtmya, nitya aura anitya Adi kI nAnAvidha vikalpaka buddhi tumhArI nahIM hotI haiM kyoMki tumane sampUrNa kalpanA jAla ko kATa diyA haiN| __dharmoM kI na to koI svabhAvata: gati hotI hai aura na hI koI svabhAvata: Agati hotI haiN| usI prakAra terI bhI koI svabhAvata: gati nahIM haiN| na to kahiM para rAzibhAva se koI dharma svabhAvata: sthita hotA hai| isa tathya ko tuma samyak rUpa se jAnate ho, isa lie tuma paramArthavida ho| ___sarvatra saba ke anugata hote hue bhI svabhAvata: tumhArA utpAda kahIM para bhI nahI hotA tathApi vyavahArata: tumhArA janma, dharmopadezanA evaM kAya-racanA Adi hotI hai| hai mahAmuni! terA yaha svarUpa acintanIya hai| ____ tuma isa jagata ko ekatva evaM anekatva se rahita tathA pratizruti kI bhA~ti nissvabhAva jAnate ho tathA tuma yaha bhI jAnate ho ki svabhAvata: kisI kI saMkrAnti tathA kisI kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai| isalie tuma anindita evaM adbhUta ho|

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava he prabhu! tuma isa saMsAra ko svana evaM mAyA sAdRzya zAzvata tathA uccheda rahita aura lakSya evaM lakSaNa se varjita jAnate ho; kyoMki saMsAra kA sbhAvAstvi nahIM hai, isalie yaha zAzvata se rahita hai| kintu isa kA vyavahatAstitva hai, isalie yaha uccheda se varjita hai| saMsAra svabhAvata: lakSya tathA lakSaNoM se pare haiN| tamane vAsanA ke mUla rahita samasta klezoM evaM pApoM kA prahANa kiyA, kyoMki tumane klozoM ke svabhAvasattA se zUnyatva kA darzana kara amRtva (buddhatva) ko prApta kiyaa| he dhIra! tumane ArUpa kI taraha rUpoM ko bhI alakSaNa dekhA, arthAt sabhI rUpoM ko nissvabhAva dekhA jisase tuma ne rUpa kA yathArthatva kA darzana kiyaa| isalie tumhArA ujjavala rUpakAya dRSTigocara hotA hai jo battIsa mahApuruSa lakSaNoM evaM assI-anuvyaJjanoM se suzobhita hai| rUpAdi sAMvRtika dharmoM ke darzana mAtra se sudRSTA (sarvajJa) nahIM hai, apitu rUpAdi ke dharma arthAt unake nissavabhAvatva ke darzana se sudRSTA hotA hai| (rUpAdi sAMvRtika dharma evaM unakI nissvabhAvatA dono ko yugapad pratyakSata: jAnanevAlA hI sarvajJa kahalAtA hai|) ukta prakAra ke tumhAre divya kAya vineyajanoM ke dRSTigocara hote haiM, tathApi tumhAre kAya meM na to koI sAsrava chidra hote hai aura na hI mA~sa, khUna tathA haDDiyA~ hotI haiM, apitu tumhAre divya rUpakAya AkAza meM indradhAtuSa kI taraha dikhAI dete haiN| tumhAre kAya meM na to koI roga hotA hai aura na hI koI azuci hotI hai| tumheM koI bhUkha Arai pyAsa nahIM hotI hai| tathApi lokAnuvRtti ke lie tuma sabhI laukika prakriyAeM pradarzita karate ho| karma-AvaraNa se sambaddha sabhI doSoM ko tumane tyAga (prahANa) diye, phira bhI lokAnukampA dvArA tuma karmoM kI gati ko pradarzita karate ho| he prabhu! dharmadhAtu meM koI bheda nahI hotA hai, isalie yAna meM bhI koI bheda nahI kiyA jA sakatA, tathApi sattvoM (jIvoM) ko sahI mArga meM praviSTa karAne ke lie tumane trividha yAna kI dezanA kii| zrAvakayAna, pratyekabuddhayAna evaM mahAyAna yA buddhayAna-ye tIna yAna haiN| vyakti apanI kSamatA ke anusAra kisI bhI yAna meM praveza kara sakatA haiN| kintu antima yAna buddhayAna hI haiN| mAmA

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bhUmikA 11 tumhAre kAya nitya dhruva ziva evaM dharmamaya (dharmakAyasvarUpa) haiM aura tama sarva vijayI ho, phira bhI vineyajanoM ko sanmArga dikhAne ke lie tumane apanI nivRtti kA pradarzana kiyA arthAt tumane nirvANagata hotA dikhaayaa| tumhArI sabhI kriyA anAbhogena pravRtta hotI haiM vibhinna lokadhAtuoM meM saMsAra se mukti ke icchuka zraddhAvAn loga tumhArA janma, nirvANa, abhisaMbodhiprApti, dharmacakrapravartana Adi dekhate haiN| he nAtha! tumhAre pAsa na to koI cintA hai aura na hI koI kalpanA evaM koI prakampana hai, tathApi tuma jagata meM buddha ke sabhI caritra anAbhogena sampanna karate ho| ___isa prakAra acintya evaM aprameya sugata ko guNoM ke puSpoM se alaGkRta kiyA, isa se mujhe jo kuzala aura puNya prApta hogA, usI se samasta jIva evaM prANI atyanta durjeya, gambhIra buddhadharma ke pAtra hoN| paramArthastava kA sArAMza ___ isa stava meM kevala 11 kArikAeM haiN| isa meM paramArtha yA zUnyatA ke yathArtha jJAtA hone kI dRSTi se buddha kI stuti kI gayI haiN| buddha kA vAstavika rUpa dharmakAya hai aura dharmakAya paramArthasatya hai tathA zUnyatAsvarUpa hai| usa dharmakAya ke sAkSAtkAra kI dRSTi se buddha kI stuti karanA isa stava kA mukhya viSaya hai| isa meM bhI bhaktipUrNa zabdoM meM stuti hai| yathA he nAtha! dharmakAya to anupanna hai, anAlaya hai, loka-upamAoM se atIta hai tathA vAk patha se atIta hai, arthAt anirvacanIya hai, isalie yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ki terI stuti kaise kI jaay| tathApi tumhArA svarUpa yathArtha meM jaisA bhI ho lokaprajJApti yA laukikavyavahRta samajha kara maiM tathatA ke jJAtA ke rUpa meM bar3I bhakti se tumhArI stuti kruuNgaa| __he nAtha! svabhAvataH anutpanna hone ke kAraNa tumhArI koI utpatti nahIM hai| na to tumhArI gati hai aura nahI tumhArI Agati hai, kyoMki tuma ni:svabhAva svarUpa ke ho, ata: tuma ko namaskAra hai| tumhArA svarUpa dharmakAya hai, apitu na to tuma bhAvasvarUpa ho aura na hI abhAvasvarUpa ho| tuma ucchedasvarUpa bhI nahIM ho, kyokiM tuma vyavahArataH sat ho aura zAzvata svarUpa bhI nahIM ho kyoMki tuma svabhAvata: asat ho| tuma na to nitya ho aura na hI anitya ho| tuma nitya isalie nahIM ho, kyoMki

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava tuma sadA jagata ke hita sampAdana hetu kriyAzIla ho / anitya isalie nahIM ho, kyoMki tuma yAvat saMsAra jagat hita ke lie vidyamAna rahate ho| isalie ina dvaitoM se pare tuma ko namaskAra hai| 12 tumhAre vAstavika kAya dharmakAya kA na to lAla raMga hai aura na hI harA, svarNa, pIlA, kAlA tathA sapheda raMga Adi hote hai / varNavihIna tuma ko namaskAra haiN| usI prakAra tumhAre dharmadhAtusvarUpa dharmakAya meM na to mahAnatA hai aura na hI alpatva, dIrghatva evaM parimaNDalatva hai| tuma to aparimita gati ko prApta ho / ataH tuma jaise aparimita ko namaskAra hai| usI prakAra tuma na to dUra meM sthita ho aura na hI samIpa meM, AkAza me, pRthvI meM, saMsAra meM aura nirvANa me sthita ho, kyoMki svabhAvataH tuma kisI bhI sthAna meM sthita nahIM ho| asthAna tuma ko namaskAra hai| he mahAgambhIra ! isa prakAra tuma sabhI dharmoM meM sthita nahIM ho apitu dharmadhAtugati prApta ho| tumane parama gambhIra dharmakAya ko prApta kiyA / isalie tuma ko namaskAra hai / isa paddhati se stuti ho sakatI hai; isase bhinna kisa prakAra stuti kI jA sakatI hai, arthAt nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki sabhI dharma svabhAvata: zUnya hai / isa sthiti meM kauna kisa kI stuti kara sakatA haiM / arthAt sbhAvatva kI dRSTi se stutikartA evaM jisa kI stuti kI jA rahI hai, ve donoM hI anupalabdha haiN| tuma to svabhAvataH utpAda evaM vinAza varjita ho tathA jisakA anta aura madhya nahIM ho to usakA grahaNa aura grAhya bhI nahIM ho sakatA haiN| ataH kauna tumhArI stuti kara sakatA hai / arthAt svabhAvataH koI bhI kisI kI stuti nahIM kara sakatA haiN| svabhAvataH gatAgata evaM gati varjita sugata kI stuti karane se jo puNya hogA, usI se isa loka ko saugata gati prApta ho / isa prakAra vyavahRta sattA evaM paramArthasatya donoM kA pratipAdana karate hue trikAya kI stuti kI gayI haiM /

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niraupamyastava THE HYMN TO THE INCOMPARABLE ONE niraupabhyaM namastubhyaM niHsvabhAvavedine / yastvaM dRSTivipannasya lokasyAsya hitodyataH / / 1 / / O incomparable One, homage unto Thee, Who knowest (the thruth that phenomena) have no essence of their own! Thou art eager of the benefit of this world, misled by different theories. na ca nAma tvayA kiMcidRSTaM bauddhena cakSuSA / anuttarA ca te nAtha dRSTistattvadarzinI / / 2 / / Nothing is seen by Thyself with the eye of the enlightened One, Sublime, O Lord, is thy view which perceives the truth. na bauddhA na ca bodhavyamastIha paramArthataH / aho paramadurbodhAM dharmatAM buddhavAnasi / / 3 / / . From the standpiont of metaphysical truth there in neither knower nothing to be known. Oh! Thou knowest the reality very difficult to be known. na tvayotpAditaH kazciddharmo nApi nirodhitaH / samatAdarzanaiva prAptaM pAdamanuttaram / / 4 / / Thou dost nither create nor destroy anything; having perceived the sameness of everything, thou reachedst the most sublime condition. na saMsArApakarSeNa tvayA nirvANamIpsitam / zAntiste'dhigatA nAma saMsArAnupalabdhitaH / / 5 / / Thou dost not take nirvana as the suppression of sansara, since thou, O Lord dost not perceive any samsara, thou obtainedst quiescence.

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1X niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava tvaM vivedaikarasatAM saMklezavyavadAnayoH / dharmadhAtvavinirbhedAdvizuddhazcAsi sarvataH / / 6 / / Thou knowest that the defilement of passion and the purification of virtue have the same taste; since no discrimination is possible in the reality thou art completely pure. nodAhRtaM tvayA kiJcidekamapyakSaraM vibho / kRtsnazca vaineyajano dharmavarSeNa tarpitaH / / 7 / / Thou, O Master, didst not utter a single syllable, and (yet) the entire (mass of) people fit to be converted was gratified shawer of the law. na te'sti sakti skandeSu dhAtuSvAyataneSu ca / AkAzasamacittasvaM sarvadharmeSvanizritaH / / 8 / / Thou art not adherent to the skandhas to the dhatus, or to the ayatanas, Thou art mind only (as infinite and pure) as the ether, nor dost Thou reside in any contingent thing (dharma). sattvasaMjJA ca te nAma sarvathA na pravarttate / duHkhArteSu ca sattveSu tvamatIva kRpAtmakaH / / 9 / / The notion of being does not occure to Thee at all, and yet Thou art exceedingly compassionate towards all beings tortured by sorrw and pain. sukhaduHkhAtmanairAtmyanityAnityAdiSu prabho / iti nAnAvikalpeSu buddhistava na sajjate / / 10 / / Thy mind, O Lord, is not attached to those multifarious opinions as regards pleasure and pain, existence of an ego, nonexistence of an ego affirmation of some-eternal being, negation of some eternal being. na gati gatiH kAciddharmANAmiti te matiH / na kvacidrAzibhAvo'to'si paramArthavit / / 11 / / Thy belief is that thing do not go (changing into some other condition) nor do they come (into existence by the agency of some force); nor dost Thou admit that there is a whole as the conglomeration of many parts. therefore Thou knowest the absolut truth. 1. tibbatI anuvAda meM 'gati' hai|

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava 15 sarvatrAnugatazcAsi na ca jAto'si kutracit / janmadharmazarIrAbhyAmacintyastvaM mahAmune / / 12 / / Thou art followed everywhere, but Thou art born nowhere; oh great ascetic, Thou art beyond our though, as regards attributes of birth and corporeity. ekAnekatvarahitaM pratizrutkopamaM jagat / saMkrAntinAzApagataM buddhAvAMstvamaninditaH / / 13 / / " Thouh the irreproaehable One, didst understand that this world is neither unity nor multiplicity; it is like an echo, it is subject neither to changing (into other forms) nor to destruction. zAzvatocchedarahitaM lakSyalakSaNavarjitam / saMsAramavabuddhastvaM svapnamAyAdivatprabho / / 14 / / Thou, my Lord didst know that the cycle of existence is neither eternal nor impermanent, that in it there is no predicable nor predicate, (since it is) similar to a dream or to a magic play. vAsanAmUlaparyantAH klezAste'nagha nirjitAH / klezaprakRtitazcaiva tvayAmRtamupArjitam / / 15 / / All defilements which have their root and their fruit in the faculty of projecting new karmic series have been completely over come by Thee, immaculate One by (realizing) the nature of the defilements thou obthinest immortality. alakSaNaM tvayA dhIra dRSTaM rUpamarUpavat / lakSaNojvalagAtrazca dRzyase rUpagocare / / 16 / / O thou, firm in resolve, Thou didst see the world of material appearances as devoid of any predicate and like immaterial. Still in the material sphere Thou appearest with a body shinig with the (thirty two) marks of the great man. na ca rUpeNa dRSTena pUrNamityabhidhIyase / dharme dRSTe sudRSTo'si dharmatA na ca dRzyate / / 17 / / But even if Thy appearance has been seen, it cannot be said that thouhast been seen, When object has been seen, Thou art well seen, but reality is not the object of vision.

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava zauSiryaM nAsti te kAye mAMsAsthirudhiraM na ca / indrAyudhamivAkAze kAyaM darzitavAnasi / / 18 / / Thy body has not the nine holes (as mortal beings have) it has no flash no bones; no blood, still Thou manifestedst a body (which is a merereflex) just as the rainbow in the sky. nAmayo nAzuciH kAye kSuttRSNAsambhavo na ca / tvayA lokAnuvRttyarthaM darzitA laukiko kriyA / / 19 / / Neither disease nor impurity are in Thy body; it is not subject to hunger or thirst and still in order to comply with the world, Thou hast shown a worldly behaviour. karmAvaraNadoSazca sarvathAnagha nAsti te / tvayA lokAnukampArthaM karmaplutiH pradarzitA / / 20 / / O impeccable One, no fault whatsoever (caused) by the obstruction of the action can be found in Thee; still on sccount of thy pity for this world Thou hast shown (an apparent) diving into karman. dharmadhAtorasambhedAdyAnabhedo'sti na prabho / yAnatritayamAkhyAtaM tvayA sattvAvatArataH / / 21 / / Since the reality cannot be differentiated there are no different vehicles (of liberation); only in order to convert living beings (accorading to their different tendencies and maturity) Thou preachedst the three vehicles. nityo dhruvaH zivaH kAyastava dharmamayo jinaH / vineyajanahetozca darzitA vivRtistvayA / / 22 / / The body is eternal, imperishable, auspicious, it is the very low, it is the Victorious one, still on account of the people to be converted (to the path of salvation) Thou showedst Thy passing away into nirvana. lokadhAtuSvameyeSu tvadbhaktaiH punarIkSase / cyutijanmabhisaMbodhicakranirvRtilAlasaiH / / 23 / / In the infinite universe Thou art now and then behold by those who have faith in Thee, and are anxious (to become Buddhas and to imitate Thy) descending upon earth, Thy birth Thy illumination, Thy preaching, thy entering into nirvena.

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niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava 17 na te'sti manyanA nAtha na vikalpo na ceJjanA / anAbhogena te loke buddhakRtyaM pravartate / / 24 / / No feeling, O Lord , no ideation, no motion in Theeh. Thou art accomplishing in this world the duty of a Buddha, without participating in it. iti sugatamacintyamaprameyaM guNakusumairavakIrya yanmayAptam / kuzalamiha bhavantu tena sattvAH paramagambhIramunIndradharmabhAjaH / / 25 / / / / iti niraupamyastavaH smaaptH|| I have spreed over the perfect One, who is beyond our thoughts and any limitation, the flowers of his very attributes. Through the merit which I have begot may all living beings in this world participate in the extremely deep low of the sublime ascetic. paramArthastavaH The Hyumn the Supreme Reality kathaM stoSyAmi te nAthamanutpannamanAlayam / lokopamAmatikrAntaM vAkpathAtItagocaram / / 1 / / How can I praise Thee, O lord, (since Thou art) unborn, residing in no place, surpassing any wordly comparison, abiding in the sphere which is beyond the path of words. tathApi yAdRzo vAsi tathatArtheSu gocaraH / lokaprajJaptimAgamya stoSye'haM bhaktito gurum / / 2 / / Any haw, having recourse to worldly convention, I shall praise my Master with devotion, as Thou art (only) accessible in the sense of reality. anutpannasvabhAvena utpAdaste na vidyate / na gati gati thAsvabhAvAya namo'stu te / / 3 / / Since Thou hast the nature of the unborn for Thee there in no birth no coming, no going. Homage unto Thee O lord who art devoid of any essence.

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18 niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava na bhAvo nApyabhAvo'si nocchedo nApi zAzvataH / na nityo nApyanityastvamadvayAya namo'stu te / / 4 / / Thou art neither existence nor non-existence neither impermanent nor perennial, neither eternal nor non-enternal. Homage unto Thee who art beyond any duality. na rakto harisamAMjiSTo varNaste notalabhyate / na pItakRSNazuklo vA'varNAya namo'stu te / / 5 / / No colour is percevied in Thee, neither red nor green nor scarlet, neither yellow nor black nor white. Homage Unto Thee, who art without collour. na mahAnnApi haso'si na dIrghaparimaNDalaH / apramANagatiM prApto'pramANAya namo'stu te / / 6 / / Thou art neither big nor small, neither long nor globular. Thou hast reached the stage of the limitless. Homage unto Thee, the unlimited One. na dUre nApi cAsanne nAkAze nApi vA kSitau / na saMsAre na nirvANe'sthitAya namo'stu te / / 7 / / Thou art neither faraway nor near, neither in the sky nor in the earth, neither in the cycle of existence nor in Nirvan Homage unto Thee who dost reside in no plase. asthitaH sarvadharmeSu dharmadhAtugatiM gataH / parAM gaMbhIratAM prApto gaMbhIrAya namo'stu te / / 8 / / Thou dost not stay in any dharma, but art gone into the condition of the absolute and hast obtained the sublime deepness, Homage unto thee the deep One. evaM stutaH stuto bhUyAdathavA kimuta stutaH / zUnyeSu sarvadharmeSu kaH stutaH kena vA stutaH / / 9 / / Praised in this way, let Him be praised; but has He been praiseed? When all dharmas are void who in praised or by whom can he be praised?

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19 niraupamyastava evaM paramArthastava kastvAM zaknoti saMstotumutpAdavyayavarjitam / yasya nAnto na madhyaM vA grAho grAhyaM na vidyate / / 10 / / Who can praise Thee, as Thou art devoid of birth and decay, and since neither end nor middling, neither perception nor perceived exist for Thee? na gataM nAgataM stutvA sugataM gativarjitam / tena puNyena loko'yaM vrajatAM saugatIM gatim / / 11 / / / / paramArthastavaH samAptaH / / I have praised the Well gone (sugata) who is neither gone nor come, and who is deviod of any going. Through the merit so acquired may this world go along the path of the well gone. the Hyum the Supreme Reality ends.

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saMskRta-ni ninda-saMva vaghAlaya utama meM gApAya