Jain Kala evam Sthapatya Part 1

Author(s): Lakshmichandra Jain
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001958/1

Page #1
jaina kalA sthApatya bhAratIya jJAnapITha

Page #2
DO

Page #3
Cococoncocooooooooooooooooooooooo DSICIAL Haical DI DISODOB TEAM NO A0 AY BV Kumar

Page #4

Page #5

Page #6
avanitalagatAnAM kRtrimA kRtrimANAM vanabhavanagatAnAM divyavaimAnikAnAm / iha manujakRtAnAM devarAjArcitAnAM jinavaranilayAnAM bhAvatohaM smarAmi /

Page #7
jaina kalA evaM sthApatya khaNDa 1

Page #8

Page #9

Page #10
Jain Education Intemational pannA, madhya pradeza For Privale & Personal use only bhagavAna mahAvIra chaTI satI I0

Page #11
jaina kalA sthApatya evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke pAvana avasara para prakAzita mUla-saMpAdaka amalAnaMda ghoSa bhUtapUrva mahAnidezaka, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita khaNDa 1 FOLO ODOODIO IDDOID (o-OpayAma mAratAnA bhAratIya jJAnapITha naI dillI

Page #12
mUla aMgrejo se hindI meM anUdita hindI saMpAdaka : lakSmIcandra jaina 1675 bhAratIya jJAnapITha tIna khaNDoM kA mUlya ru.550 prakAzaka : lakSmIcandra jaina, maMtrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, bI-45/47 kanaoNTa plesa naI dillI-110001. mudraka : omaprakAza, saMcAlaka, kaiksaTana presa, prA. li., 2-I rAnI jhAMsI roDa, naI dillI-110055.

Page #13
prAkkathana jaina-vidyA ko aba bhAratIya-vidyA kA eka mahattvapUrNa aura saMgrathita-aMga mAnA jAne lagA hai| yaha ucita hI hai, kyoMki 'jaina-vidyA' kahane para hamAre mana meM eka aisI viziSTa sAMskRtika dhArA kA citra sajIva ho jAtA hai jisane bhAratIya darzana, sAhitya aura kalA ke sAtha-sAtha eka aisI jIvana-paddhati ko atyaMta samRddha banAyA hai jisameM zrAvakoM aura sAdhuoM ke lie sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke nirvAha aura AdhyAtmika unnati ke hetu suciMtita DhaMga se pragati ke sopAnoM kI racanA kI gayI hai aura jisake pIche eka sudRr3ha paraMparA kA nirmANa huA hai| bhAratIya vidyAoM meM ruci rakhanevAle vidvAnoM ne aba una bhrAMta dhAraNAoM kA parityAga kara diyA hai jinake aMtargata yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki jaina dharma bauddha dharma kI eka zAkhA hai, yA tIrthakara mahAvIra jaina dharma ke Adi saMsthApaka haiN| itihAsa ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para aba to vidvAn nizcita rUpa se yaha mAnane lage haiM ki jaina dharma ke teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha, aMtima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se DhAI sau varSa pUrva hue the, aura bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke itihAsa kA kAla mahAbhArata aura gItA ke una vikhyAta kRSNa ke sAtha jur3A huA hai jo paraspara cacere bhAI the| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha yA vRSabha the jinakA ullekha Rgveda meM aneka bAra AyA hai aura prastuta kalA-graMtha ke aneka lekhoM meM vidvAnoM ne jinakA saMdarbha diyA hai| yahI sthiti bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM hai| jaina dharma ko 'nAstika' dharma kI saMjJA aba koI isa AdhAra para nahIM detA ki yaha dharma isa sRSTi ko kisI Izvara dvArA racI gayI nahIM maantaa| jaina dharma AtmA kI anAdi sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura sAtha hI pA~ca anya dravyoM kI sattA meM / ve anya pA~ca dravya haiM - pudgala (jar3a tattva jisameM UrjA bhI sammilita hai), dharma (gati kA mAdhyama), adharma (sthiti kA mAdhyama), AkAza (jo sAre vizva ko avagAha detA hai) aura kAla (smy)| yaha dharma mAnatA hai ki pratyeka AtmA meM kSamatA hai ki vaha nirvANa prApta kare, arthAt paramAtma-pada paaye| bhAratIya darzana ko isa dharma ne anekAMta ke mahAna siddhAMta kA avadAna diyA jisa siddhAMta meM dArzanika vAda-vivAdoM ke samAdhAna kI kSamatA hai aura jo jaina dharma ke eka anya AdhArabhUta siddhAMta 'ahiMsA' (mana-vacana-kAya se kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha na pahuMcAnA) se saMbaddha kiye jAne para sAmAjika viSamatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| jaina dharma kI amUlya preraNA ke phalasvarUpa bhAratIya sAhitya kI abhivRddhi huI - dhArmika sAhitya ke kSetra meM, aura dharmanirapekSa sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhii| yaha sAhitya saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza (7)

Page #14
prAkkathana bhASAoM ke aneka rUpa-mAdhyamoM meM racA gayA / kannar3a aura tamila-jaisI bhASAoM ke Adhunika rUpavikAsa meM ina bhASAoM ke prAcIna jaina prAcAryoM ke kRtitva kA yogadAna hai, yaha bAta sabhI bhASAvid svIkAra karate haiM / sAhityika vidhAoM kA koI rUpa - kAvya, nATaka, kathA tathA TIkA-vyAkhyA - aisA nahIM jise jaina graMthakAroM ne apanI pratibhA se alaMkRta na kiyA ho, ve cAhe jisa bhI dharma ke upAsakoM ke parivAra meM janame hoN| adhyetAoM, itihAsajJoM aura purAtattvavettAoM ne isa yuga meM jainavidyA ke eka atyaMta paripUrNa AyAma kA udghATana kiyA hai| ve yaha dekhakara cakita haiM ki jaina-kalA kA eka kramabaddha itihAsa hai; ise chuTa-puTa rUpa meM dekhanA apanI dRSTi ko sImita kara lenA hai| jaina kalA bhAratIya kalA-itihAsa kA abhinna aMga hai, aura isa kalA ne pratyeka yuga kI kalA ko prabhAvita kiyA hai tathA svayaM bhI usake prabhAva ko grahaNa kiyA hai| isa jaina kalA kA mUrtarUpa kyA hai ise pratyakSa dekhane ke lie sAre deza ke vibhinna aMcaloM kI zramasAdhya yAtrA karanI par3atI hai| isakA rUpa kyA hai, ise samajhane aura isakA vidhivat adhyayana karane kI icchA rakhanevAle vidvAnoM kI aura isa viSaya meM ruci rakhanevAle sAmAnya pAThaka kI bhI pahalI AvazyakatA yaha hai ki use sAra rUpa meM isa saba kalA-nidhi kA paricaya par3hane ko mila jAye / isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie hI 'jaina kalA aura sthApatya' zIrSaka isa graMtha kI racanA tIna khaNDoM meM kI gayI hai (AzA ke anurUpa yaha 'adbhuta' pramANita ho ! ) / yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki jaina kalA aura sthApatya ke vidhivata adhyayana meM sahAyaka hone ke uddezya se bhAratIya jJAna ne isa prakAra kI kalAkRtiyoM ke lagabhaga dasa hajAra se adhika chAyAMkana (phoTo) deza-videza ke aneka srotoM se saMgRhIta kara liye haiM aura yaha saMgraha dina-para-dina bar3hatA calA jA rahA hai| hama zrI madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe, bhAratIya purAtattva-sarvekSaNa-vibhAga ke mahAnidezaka, ke AbhArI haiM ki unhoMne hameM isa kArya meM tathA hamArI anya gatividhiyoM meM sahAyatA dI, hamArA mArga-darzana kiyaa| isa graMtha ke mUla preraNA-srota bhArata ke audyogika vikAsa ke netA aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke saMsthApaka, zrI sAhU zAMtiprasAda jaina haiN| zrI sAhUjI kI balavatI icchA thI ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paccIsavIM zatI ke puNya avasara para bhAratIya jJAnapITha apanI prakAzana-yojanAoM meM isa graMtha ko prAthamikatA de / bhAratIya jJAnapITha kA nAma deza-videza ke vidvAnoM meM eka sAhityika-sAMskRtika saMsthAna ke rUpa meM suparicita hai| bhAratIya vidyA ke vidvAn jJAnapITha ke zodha-prakAzanoM se prabhAvita haiN| bhAratIya samasAmAyika sAhitya kI pragati ke lie bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne nayI pIr3hI ke pratibhAsaMpanna lekhakoM kI kRtiyoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai tathA yaha saMsthA prativarSa bhAratIya sAhitya kI sarjanAtmaka kRtiyoM meM se sarvazreSTha kA varaNa kara use puraskRta karatI hai| jJAnapITha-puraskAra bhArata kA sarvocca sAhitya-puraskAra mAnA jAtA hai| isa graMtha kI rUpa-rekhA ke nirdhAraNa meM prAraMbha meM kucha kaThinAI rhii| pahale isakA eka vistRta rUpa socA gayA aura apekSA kI gayI ki jaina purAtattva ke jAnakAra vidvAnoM kA saMpAdaka-maMDala usa

Page #15
! prAkkathana rUpa-rekhA ko kriyAnvita karane meM sahAyaka hogA / aise vidvAn bahuta hI gine-cune haiM aura ve saba aneka prakAra ke dAyitvoM se pUrva - baddha haiM / aMta meM hamArA sukhada nirNaya yaha rahA ki hama kaThinAI ke uttApa kA samAdhAna zrI amalAnaMda ghoSa jaise vaTa vRkSa kI chAyA meM prApta kreN| zrI ghoSa, bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke mahAnidezaka ke pada se sevA nivRtta ho cuke haiN| unhoMne hamAre anurodha ko mAnA aura graMtha ke saMpAdana kA dAyitva svIkAra kiyA / graMtha kI yojanA ko bhalI-bhA~ti dekha-samajha kara zrI ghoSa ne parAmarza diyA ki cUMki yaha graMtha apane DhaMga kA pahalA prayAsa hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa mahotsava para avazya prakAzita kara denA hai, ataH yojanA ko pratyadhika vistRta na banAkara, ise sArabhUta aura saMkSipta banAnA adhika ucita aura upayogI hogA / saMkSipta banAte-banAte bhI yaha rUpa itanA bar3A ho gayA ki do khaNDoM kI kalpanA karanI par3I aura aba to vaha tIna khaNDoM meM kriyAnvita ho rahI hai / yojanA banA lenA eka bAta thI, kintu use pUrA karane ke dAyitva ko sa~bhAlanA dUsarI bAta hai / graMtha ke lekhakoM ko yojanA bhejI gayI aura unheM apanI ora se paryApta samaya bhI diyA gayA, kintu samaya kI sImA ne unakA sAtha nahIM diyA / mAtra soca lene se ki lekha likhanA hai, kalama nahIM cala pdd'tii| isa pustaka ke lekhaka prAyaH sabhI apane-apane dainika dAyitvoM se ba~dhe haiM, unake pAsa samaya kA abhAva hai / viSaya kI jAnakArI hote hue bhI, sAmagrI ko suciMtita DhaMga se vyavasthita karanA hotA hai, likhate hue anekAneka saMdarbha khojane par3ate haiM, aura lekha ke lie upayukta citroM ko chA~TanA - juTAnA to kArya ko nitAMta duHsAdhya banA detA hai / lekhakoM kI kaThinAI ne hamArI kaThinAiyoM ko kaI gunA bar3hA diyA / kyA pAThaka kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki yojanA ko kriyAnvita karane ke lie hameM lekhakoM ko, saMgrahAlayoM ko, phoTogrApharoM aura kalAkAroM ko deza-videza meM bAra-bAra kitane patra, smaraNa-patra aura tAra Adi dene par3e ? yaha saMkhyA hai 4861 ! smaraNa- patra pAnevAloM kI jhuMjhalAhaTa kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| bhejanevAloM kA to, khaira, karttavya hI hai, vaha / yadi ye patra kahIM durvinIta lage hoM, to hama kSamAprArthI haiM / yaha saba likhane kA uddezya kevala itanA hai ki vidvAn pAThakoM ko yadi isa graMtha meM kahIM koI truTi yA adhUrApana dikhe to, hamArI azakyatA samajheM aura hameM saMzodhana saMbaMdhI sujhAva deM tAki agalA saMskaraNa adhika samucita banAyA jA sake / dUsarA uddezya yaha hai ki kalA - graMthoM kI yojanA banAnevAle dhIraja se kAma leN| yaha graMtha to eka mArga darzaka hai / bhaviSya meM isa prakAra ke aneka graMtha prakAzita hoMge taba jaina kalA kA pUrA svarUpa pratyakSa ho pAyegA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI puNya nirvANa zatI ke avasara para yaha graMtha prakAzita ho sakA, yaha bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke lie saubhAgya kI bAta hai / bhAratIya jJAnapITha zrI amalAnaMda ghoSa ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana karatI hai ki unhoMne isa graMtha ke saMpAdana kA dAyitva liyA; aura isI avadhi meM eka varSa ke iNDoneziyA ke pravAsa se lauTane ke uparAMta isa dAyitva kA punargrahaNa kiyA / vaha jaba pravAsa para gaye to spaSTa kaha gaye the ki hama anya prabaMdha kara leN| hamane apanA kAma jArI rakhA, aura unake lauTane kI pratIkSA karate rahe / yaha bahuta ThIka huA, ki sAre sUtra jyoM-ke-tyoM jur3a gaye / zrI ghoSa ke - ( 2 )

Page #16
prAkkathana sAtha kAma karane kA merA anubhava bahuta sukhada rahA hai| isa dAyitva ko unhoMne jisa adhyavasAya aura niSThA se nibhAyA hai, vaha preraNAprada hai| kalA aura sthApatya ke kSetra meM zrI ghoSa eka Adarza saMpAdaka mAne jAte haiN| unakI sahayogI tatparatA ke kAraNa isa graMtha kA mUla aMgrejI kA prathama khaNDa nirvANamahotsava varSa ke zubhAraMbha ke avasara para prakAzita ho sakA, jisakA vidhivat vimocana 17 navambara, 1674 kI vizAla janasabhA meM pradhAnamaMtrI zrImatI indirA gAMdhI ke hAthoM huaa| zrI ghoSa kI vidvattA, saMskRta bhASA aura sAhitya kI vyaMjanAoM kI unakI sUkSmadRSTi aura, sarvopari, kalA-prakAzanoM ke vistRta takanIkI anubhava ne isa prakAzana ko suMdara aura nirdoSa banAne kI dizA meM yogadAna diyA hai, yadyapi zrI ghoSa svayaM bhI jAnate haiM ki isa saMbaMdha meM samaya rahate aura bhI kyA-kucha ho sakatA thA / bhAratIya jJAnapITha kI adhyakSA zrImatI ramA jaina se isa yojanA ke kriyAnvayana meM hameM sahaja sahAyatA aura mArga-darzana prApta huA hai| pratyeka kaThinAI ke nirAkaraNa kI unakI tatparatA aura mAnadaNDoM kI rakSA kA unakA Agraha hamArI pUMjI hai| mUrtidevI graMthamAlA kI sthApanA ke samaya se hI isake saMpAdaka aura aba jJAnapITha ke TrasTI bhI, DaoN0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne mUlapAThoM ke spaSTIkaraNa Adi meM jo sahAyatA dI hai, usake lie hama unake AbhArI haiN| jaina itihAsa, kalA aura sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAn DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, lakhanaU, ne prAraMbha ke aneka adhyAyoM kA adhyayana karake apanI TippaNiyA~ dIM, jinakA yathAsaMbhava upayoga hamane kiyA hai| ve dhanyavAda ke adhikArI haiN| mula aMgrejI graMtha ke lie jina vidvAnoM ne lekha bheje, unake prati hamArA prAbhAra ! purAtattvasarvekSaNa-vibhAga ke mitroM ne apane sahayoga dvArA hameM upakRta kiyA hai| yaha graMtha jo Apake hAtha meM hai, vAstava meM mUla aMgrejI graMtha kA anuvAda hai / anuvAda sadA hI kaThina hotA hai, vizeSakara kalA-viSayaka graMtha kA jisameM vAkyoM kI gaThana ko sulajhAnA, taka zabdoM ke hindI paryAyoM ko khojanA, unake artha ke prati Azvasta honA, bhASA ko bodhagamya banAte hue bhI mUla ke vAkya-vinyAsa aura dhvani kI sUkSmatA ko surakSita rakhanA Adi duSkara tattvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA par3atA hai| isa graMtha ke anuvAda kI dizA meM kitane vyaktiyoM ke sAtha samparka kiyA gayA, kitane prayoga kiye gaye aura aMtatogatvA kisa prakAra saMzodhana kI prakriyA meM prAyaH pUre-pUre anuvAda ke rUpa ko badala denA par3A hai, isakA anumAna bhukta-bhogI hI lagA sakate haiN| phira bhI saMtoSa kahA~ hotA hai ? kalA jaisA gar3ha viSaya aura kalAkAra dvArA nirUpita kalAkRti kI sUkSma vizeSatAoM ko vANI denevAlI aMgrejI zabdAvalI ne anuvAda kI prakriyA ko samaya kI sImA kI dRSTi se aura bhI duHsAdhya banA diyA / rAtadina ke zrama, yatkicit jJAna aura saMskAra ke avadAna ke kAraNa hI yaha (10) For Private &Personal use only .

Page #17
prAkkathana saMbhava ho pAyA ki nirvANa mahotsava varSa kI puNyadAyinI mahAvIra jayantI para yaha graMtha hindI meM prakAzita ho gyaa| bhinna-bhinna adhyAyoM kA bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ne anuvAda kiyA hai, ataH saMzodhana ke samaya yathAsaMbhava ekarUpatA lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa graMtha kI pAda-TippaNiyoM kA prastutIkaraNa bhAratIya mAnaka saMsthA dvArA nirdhArita niyamoM (mAnaka saMkhyA IS : 2381-1963) ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai jo pustakAlaya-vijJAna kI kucha ginI-cunI pustakoM ko chor3akara bhAratIya prakAzana-jagata meM prathama prayAsa hai| anuvAdakoM meM zrI rAjamala jaina, zrI gopIlAla amara aura DaoN0 jagadIza candrikeza ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / anuvAda-kArya meM jinakA sahayoga prAMzika rUpa se prApta huA hai, ve haiM--zrI ramezacandra zarmA, zrI hIrA prasAda tripAThI, zrI rAdhAkAnta bhAratI, aura zrImatI zobhitA jain| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke sahayogiyoM meM zrI vIrendrakumAra jaina ne kalAgraMtha ke aMgrejI saMskaraNa ke prakAzana meM to sahayoga diyA hI, hindI anuvAda kA mUla se milAna aura saMzodhana kI prakriyA meM bhI hAtha bNttaayaa| unhoMne graMtha kI anukramaNikA taiyAra kI hai jo graMtha ke tIsare khaMDa meM jA rahI hai| unakI kAryakSamatA, gatizIlatA aura niSThA sarAhanIya haiN| prUpha-saMzodhana kA atyaMta kaThina kAma jJAnapITha ke prakAzana-sahayogI zrI bholAnAtha bimba ne kiyA / atyalpa samaya meM presa-kApI aura prUphoM ke parimArjana kA kAma jJAnapITha ke sahayogiyoM ke sahAre saMbhava ho pAyA hai| vyaktiza: aura sAmUhika rUpa se ve saba sarAhanA aura dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| zrI gopIlAla amara aura DaoN0 gulAbacandra jaina nirvANa-mahotsava kI anya prakAzana-yojanAoM meM sahayogI rahe haiM / graMtha ke madraka, kaiksaTana presa ke saMcAlaka zrI aomaprakAza kA prayatna sarAhanIya hai ki unhoMne itane kama samaya meM madraNa kA itanA bar3A dAyitva tatparatA ke sAtha nibhaayaa| unheM tathA unake sahayogI saMcAlakoM aura presa ke karmacArI-varga ke prati hArdika dhanyavAda vyakta karanA merA kartavya hai| yadi isa kalA-graMtha ke tInoM khaNDoM ne pAThakoM ko jaina kalA ke mahattva kA digdarzana karAyA, unakI sAMskRtika ruci meM eka nayA AyAma jor3A, aura unheM sukha prApta huA to jJAnapITha apane isa prayAsa ko sArthaka maanegii| yoM, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana nirvANa mahotsava se zraddhAMjali ke rUpa meM saMbaddha ho jAnA, isa prakAzana ke lie kama saubhAgya kI bAta nhiiN| naI dillI mahAvIra jayantI, 1975 lakSmIcandra jaina mantrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha (11)

Page #18

Page #19
prAkkathana citra- sUcI adhyAya 1 adhyAya 2 adhyAya 3 adhyAya 4 adhyAya 5 adhyAya 6 saMpAdaka kA abhimata amalAnaMda ghoSa -cI bhAga 1 prAstAvika pRSThabhUmi aura paraMparA madhusUdana] narahara dezapANDe, mahAnidezaka, bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa, naI dillI jaina dharma kA prasAra pro0 zAMtArAma bhAlacaMdra deva, adhyakSa, bhAratIya pAdyetihAsa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa tathA purAtatva vibhAga, dakkana kaoNleja, pUnA jaina kalA kA udgama aura usakI AtmA DaoN0 jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU jaina kalA kI AcArika pRSThabhUmi DaoN0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainavidyA snAtakottara adhyayana tathA ghoSa vibhAga, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya maisUra bhAga 2 vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 mathurA zrImatI devalA mitrA, nidezaka, bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa, naI dillI (13) S pRSTha (7) (16) 3 15 23 37 43 51

Page #20
viSaya-sUcI adhyAya 7 pUrva bhArata zrImatI debalA mitrA adhyAya 8 pazcima bhArata DaoN0 umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha, upa-nidezaka, oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA adhyAya 9 dakSiNa bhArata __... DaoN. raM0 campakalakSmI, asoziyeTa prophesara, aitihAsika adhyayana kendra, javAharalAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya, naI dillI ... 96 bhAga 3 vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I. adhyAya 10 mathurA ... DaoN. nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI, nidezaka, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU adhyAya 11 pUrva bhArata DaoN0 ramAnAtha mizra, vijiTiMga phelo, iMDiyana iMsTITyUTa oNpha eDavAMsDa sTaDIja, zimalA adhyAya 12 madhya bhArata DaoN. umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha adhyAya 13 pazcima bhArata DA0 umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha bhAga 4 vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 149 adhyAya 14 uttara bhArata __ ... kRSNadeva, bhUtapUrva nidezaka, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, naI dillI; tathA munIzacandra jozI, adhIkSaka purAtattva, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, naI dillI (14)

Page #21
viSaya-sUcI pRSTha 159 adhyAya 15 pUrva bhArata DA. priyatoSa banarjI, upa-nidezaka, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI 175 adhyAya 16 madhya bhArata kRSNadeva 187 adhyAya 17 pazcima bhArata kRSNadeva adhyAya 18 191 dakSiNApatha ke.Ara.zrInivAsana, bhUtapUrva adhIkSaka purAtattva, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, madrAsa (15)

Page #22
citra-sUcI chAyAcitroM yA rekhAcitroM ke zIrSakoM ke Age koSThakoM meM kaoNpIrAiTa ke dhAraka kA nAma diyA gayA hai| saMgrahAlayoM meM kucha chAyAcitra bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa dvArA bheje hue haiM / aisI sabhI sthitiyoM meM kaoNpIrAiTa kA adhikAra saMbaMdhita saMgrahAlaya tathA bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa kA hai| chAyAcitra ke lie kevala citra zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa sUcI meM zabdoM ke nimnalikhita saMkSipta rUpa prayukta kiye gaye haiM : pu saM ma=purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA bhA pusa bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, naI dillI rA saMla-rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU chAyAcitra adhyAya 6 1 mathurA : pAyAga-paTa (pu saM ma, kyU-2) (bhA pu sa, saujanya pu saM ma) 2 ka mathurA : stUpa ke pravezadvAra kA saradala, (e) purobhAga, (bI) pRSThabhAga (rA saM la, je-535) (pu saM ma) ___ kha mathurA : khaNDita AyAga-paTa (rA saM la, je-255) (bhA pu sa, saujanya pu saM. ma) 3 mathurA : zilpAMkita zilApaTTa (rA saM la, je-250) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathurA : vedikA staMbha (rA saM la, je-283; bI, rA saM la, je-288; sI, rA saM la, je-282) (bhA pu sa, saujanya, rA saM la) mathurA : vedikA kA koNa staMbha, cAroM ora kA dRzya (rA saMla, je-356) (bhA pu sa, saujanya, rA saM la) mathurA : vedikA sUciyA~ (takie) (e, rA sa la, je-427; bI, rA saM la, je-422; sI, rA saM la, je403; DI, rA saM la, je-365) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathurA : vedikA ke uSNISa (bhA pu sa, saujanya, rA saMla) mathurA : vedikA staMbha (e, rA saMla, je-277; bI tathA sI, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) DI, pRSTha dRzya (bhA pusa saujanya rA saMla tathA rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) 9 ka mathurA : sopAna meM prayukta eka vedikA staMbha (pu saM ma, 14.369) (pu saM ma) ___ kha mathurA : khaNDita saradala (e, rA saM la, je-544; bI, rA saMla, je-547) (bhA pusa, saujanya rA saMla) (16)

Page #23
citra-sUcI 10 ka mathurA : pravezadvAra ke Tor3e, purobhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga (rA saM la je-593 e) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saM la) kha pravezadvAra ke Tor3e, purobhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga (rA saM la, je-593 bI) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) 11 ka mathurA : saradala kA Tor3A (rA saM la, je-594) (rA saMla) kha mathurA : toraNa staMbha, purobhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga (rA saM la, je-532) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathurA : khaNDita toraNa zIrSa, purobhAga (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) 13 mathurA : khaNDita toraNa zIrSa, pRSTha bhAga (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) mathurA : pAyAga-paTa (rA saMla, je-250) (bhA pusa, saujanya rA saM la) mathurA : prAyAga-paTa (pu saM ma, 47.49) (bhA pu sa, saujanya pu saM ma) mathurA : prAyAga-paTa (rA saM la, je-248) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathurA : tIrthakara-mUrti (rA saM la, je-15) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathurA : sarvatobhadrikA pratimA, do ora kA dRzya (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathuga : AryavatI yakSI (rA saM la, je-1) (bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) mathurA : sarasvatI (rA saMla, je-24) bhA pu sa, saujanya rA saMla) 20 adhyAya 7 21 ka lohAnIpura : tIrthakara-mUrti kA dhar3a (bhA pu sa, saujanya paTanA saMgrahAlaya) kha lohAnIpura : tIrthakara-mUrti kA dhar3a (bhA pu sa, saujanya paTanA saMgrahAlaya) 22 ka causA : tIrthaMkara kAMsya-mUrti (bhA pu sa, saujanya paTanA saMgrahAlaya) kha causA : RSabhanAtha, kAMsya-mUrti (bhA pu sa. saujanya paTanA saMgrahAlaya) ga causA : azoka vRkSa tathA dharma-cakra, kAMsya nirmita (bhA pu sa, saujanya paTanA saMgrahAlaya ) udayagiri : guphA 20 9, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) udayagiri : guphA saM0 9, nicalA tala, upAsya-nimiti, pUjA-dRzya (bhA pu sa) udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) khaNDagiri : guphA saM0 3, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) khaNDagiri : guphA saM0 3, toraNa zIrSa sthita (kalpa) vRkSa-pUjA (bhA pu sa) khaNDagiri : guphA saM0 3, toraNa zIrSa para gaja-lakSmI (bhA pu sa) udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, nicalA tala, mukhya bhAga, dvitala bhavana kA zilpAMkana (bhA pu sa) ... (17)

Page #24
citra-sUcI udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, nicalA tala, dAhinA bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti, saMgItakAroM se ghirI nartakI (bhA pusa) 31 udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, nicalA tala, dAhinA bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyA~ (bhA pusa) 32 ka udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, UparI tala, mukhya bhAga, barAmade ko pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyA~ (bhA pu sa) kha udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, UparI tala, mukhya bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyA~ (bhA pusa) 33 ka udayagiri : guphA saM0 1, UparI tala, mukhya bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyA~ (bhA pu sa) kha udayagiri : guphA saM0 10, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyAM (bhA pu sa) udayagiri : parvata zikhara para ardhavRttAkAra maMdira (bhA pusa) 35 udayagiri : pArzva bhitti se sadhA huA DhaluvA~ mArga (bhA pu sa) 36 ka udayagiri : yakSI (bhA pu sa) kha udayagiri : yakSI, pRSTha bhAga (bhA pusa) adhyAya 8 37 38 priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya : pArzvanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya) jUnAgar3ha : bAbA pyArA kI guphA (bhA pusa) adhyAya 9 39 ka mAMgulama : abhilekha kA eka aMza (bhA pu sa) kha zittannavAsala : jaina muniyoM kI AvAsa-guphA (bhA pusa) zittannavAsala : abhilekhAMkita prastara-zayyA (bhA pu sa) 41 tenimala : jaina muniyoM kI AvAsa-guphA, alaga par3I caTTAna para utkIrNa paravartI zilpAMkana (bhA pusa) pugalUra : jaina muniyoM kI AvAsa-guphA (bhA pusa) adhyAya 10 mathurA : tIrthaMkara mUrti (rA saM la, je-104) (rA saMla) mathurA : tIrthaMkara mUrti (rA saM la, je-118) (rA saMla) mathurA : tIrthaMkara mUrti (rA saM la, o-181) (rA sala) mathurA : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (pu saM ma, bI-7) (pu saM ma) (18)

Page #25
citra-sUcI 47 ka mathurA : tIrthakara neminAtha (rA sa la, je-121) (rA saM la) kha mathurA : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (pu saM ma, 12.268) (pu saM ma) mathurA : tIrthaMkara mUrti kA zIrSa (pu saM ma, bI-44) (pu saM ma) 49. mathurA : tIrthaMkara kA zIrSa (pu saM ma, 33.2348) (pu saM ma) mathurA : tIrthakara mUrti kA zIrSa (rA saM la, je-164) (rA saMla) adhyAya 11 51 ka rAjagira : sonabhaNDAra, pazcimI guphA, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) kha rAjagira : sonabhaNDAra, pUrvI guphA, dakSiNI bhitti para tIrthaMkaroM kI utkIrNa mUrtiyA~ (bhA pusa) rAjagira : sonabhaNDAra, pazcimI guphA, antaHbhAga, pharza para caumukhI, paravartI zilpa (bhA pusa) 53 rAjagira : vaibhAra parvata ke maMdira meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha (bhA pu sa) 54 ka causA : tIrthaMkara candaprabha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) kha causA : tIrthaMkara candraprabha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) 55 ka causA : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) kha causA : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) 56 causA : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) adhyAya 12 57 ka durjanapura : tIrthakara mUrti (vidizA saMgrahAlaya) (bhA pu sa, saujanya vidizA saMgrahAlaya) ____kha durjanapura : Upara vAlI mUrti ke pAdapITha para abhilekha (bhA pu sa, saujanya vidizA saMgrahAlaya) durjanapura : tIrthaMkara mUrti (vidizA saMgrahAlaya) (bhA pu sa, saujanya vidizA saMgrahAlaya) 59 durjanapura : tIrthakara mUrti (vidizA saMgrahAlaya) (bhA pu sa, saujanya vidizA saMgrahAlaya) .60 ka udayagiri : guphA bhitti para utkIrNa tIrthakara tathA unake pAzrva meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI eka pazcAta kAlIna pratimA (u. pre. zAha, citra rAjakamala sTUDiyo, vidizA) kha gvAliyara : zailotkIrNa tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ (purAtattva vibhAga, madhyapradeza) vidizA : tIrthakara mUrti (gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya) (purAtattva vibhAga, madhya pradeza) sIrA pahAr3I : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (bhA pu sa) sIrA pahAr3I : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (bhA pusa) sIrA pahAr3I : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (bhA pusa) (16)

Page #26
65 ka koTA tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) (u. pra. zAha) : kha akoTA : jIvanta svAmI, kAMsya mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) (u. pra. zAha) 66 ka akoTA RSabhanAtha kA zIrSa (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) (u. pre zAha ) 1 68 akoTA : tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya mUrti kA zIrSa ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) (u. pre zAha ) 67 balabhI kAMsya sokara mUrtiyAM (priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya ) ( bhA pusa saujanya priMsa caoNpha velsa ka : tIrthakara graoNpha saMgrahAlaya) koTA : yakSa aura yakSI ke sAtha tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI kAMsya mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) ( u pra zAha ) akoTA jIvanta svAmI, kAMsya mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) (u. pra. zAha) 55 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 kha 78 : 76 77 ka nIlakaNTha tIrthakara mUrti (bhA pusa ) kha nIlakaNTha tIrthaMkara mUrti ( bhApu sa ) : dhAnerAya mahAvIra maMdira ( bhA pusa ) ghAnerAva : mahAvIra maMdira, bahirbhAga, ( uThAna ) ( bhA pusa ) dhAnerAva mahAvIra maMdira, bharosA (bhA pusa ) dhAnerAva mahAvIra maMdira, vitAna (bhA pusa ) prosiyA : mahAvIra maMdira, garbhagRha kA dvAra ( bhA pusa ) osiyA : mahAvIra maMdira ( bhA pusa ) osiyA : mahAvIra maMdira, jharokhA ( bhA pusa ) nIlakaNTha : tIrthaMkara mUrti (bhA pusa ) citra-sUcI : adhyAya 13 mathurA saMgrahAlaya : cakrezvarI yakSI ( pu saMma) mathurA saMgrahAlaya : ambikA yakSI ( pu saMma ) 79 80 ke lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ( rA saM la ) kha lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya toraNa zIrSa kA eka bhAga ( rA saM la) : : : adhyAya 14 adhyAya 15 81 ka surohora tIrthakara RSabhanAtha (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) va nAlagor3A ambikA yakSI, kAMsya mUrti (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) ( 20 )

Page #27
citra-sUcI 82 ka sAta deuliyA : bhraSTApada tIrtha (sTeTa grAyaoNlaoNjikala gaeNlarI, pazcima baMgAla ) kha sAta deuliyA maMdira (zailendranAtha sAmaMta ) 83 ambikAnagara tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (bhA pusa ) la ambikAnagara : maMdira (bhA pusa ) 34 ka pAkavIrA tIrthakara zAntinAtha, adhobhAga (sTeTa prAyaoNlaoNjikala tarI, pazcima baMgAla ) va pAkavIrA tIrthakara pArzvanAtha, adhobhAga (sTeTa prAyaoNlaoNjikala rI, pazcima baMgAla) 85 ka por3AsiMgiDI : tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ( rAjya purAtattva vibhAga, ur3IsA) kha caraMpA 86 87 888 88 khaNDagiri khaNDaniri mayUrabhaMja 89 ka devalI : - tIrthaMkara vAntinAtha (bhuvanezvara saMgrahAlaya ) (rAjya saMgrahAlaya bhuvanezvara ) ( bhA pusa saujanya rAjya saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara ) : : guphA saM0 1 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha, adhobhAga meM aMkita kSiyAM (bhA pusa ) 1 : guphA saM0 8 tIrthaMkara abhinandananAtha aura sambhavanAtha, adhobhAga meM aMkita yakSiyoM ( bhA pusa ) tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ) kha rAjagira 90 ka rAjagira kha rAjagira 91 ka bihAra la bihAra 92 bihAra : tIrthaMkara candraprabha (bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya ) kha sUraja pahAr3a paulotkIrNa tIrthakara (bhA pusa ) paMcAyatana maMdira ( bhA pusa ) vaibhAra parvata sthita maMdira (bhA pusa ) : bahurUpiNI yakSI ke sAtha tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ( bhA pusa ) : vaibhAra parvata para tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (bhA pusa ) ambikA pakSI (nAhara saMgraha) (pI. sI. nAhara ) yakSI, kAMsya mUrti (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) 93 ka kuNDalapura maMdira ( bhA pusa ) kha kuNDalapura : do tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ (nIraja jaina ) 94 kuNDalapura tIrthaMkara abhinandananAtha (nIraja jaina ) sa kuNDalapura 95 ke pithaurA tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ( nIraja jaina ) patiyAnI devI kA maMdira (nIraja jaina ) va pithaurA patiyAnI devI ke maMdira kA saradava (nIraja jaina ) (21) adhyAya 16

Page #28
citra- sUcI 96 pithaurA : patiyAnI devI kA maMdira, dvArapAla ( nIraja jaina ) 97 ke jabalapura : tIrthaMkara gharmanAtha ( nAgapura saMgrahAlaya ) ( bhA pusa, saujanya nAgapura saMgrahAlaya ) kha tevara : tIrthakara mUrti (nIraja jaina ) 98 ka tevara abhilekhAMkita kSiyAM (nIraja jaina) kha gaMghAvala : tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM (bhA pusa ) rAyapura saMgrahAlaya sahasrakUTa (bhA pusa saujanya rAyapura saMgrahAlaya) 99 100 gyArasapura sIkara aura pakSiyoM (bhA pusa ) sa gyArasapura mAlAdevI maMdira, alaMkRta kIrtimukha (bhA pusa ) 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 gyArasapura : mAlAdevI maMdira ( bhA pusa ) gyArasapura : mAlAdevI maMdira, mukhamaNDapa (bhA pusa ) gyArasapura mAlAdevI maMdira, zikhara (bhA pusa ) gyArasapura mAlAdevI maMdira, jaMcA (bhA pusa ) devagar3ha : maMdira saM0 18 (bhA pusa ) devagar3ha maMdira saM0 21 prAMtara-zilpAMkana (bhA pusa ) devagar3ha : maMdira saM0 12, dAyA~ bhAga, prAkAra meM jar3a dI gayI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha : maMdira se 12 vivara aura paravartI chatarI (bhA pusa ) 113 ka bAdAmI kha bAdAmI 114 ka bAdAmI akoTA akoTA akoTA akoTA adhyAya 17 ambikA yI kAMsya mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, kAMsya mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) : catuvizati kAMsya paTTa (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) : camaracAriNI, kAMsya mUrti (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) adhyAya 18 jaina guphA maMdira, bAharI bhAga (bhA pusa ) jaina guphA maMdira, aMtaHbhAga ( bhA pusa ) : jaina guphA maMdira gommaTezvara ( bhA pusa ) kha bAdAmI jaina guphA maMdira, tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ( bhA pusa ) : (22)

Page #29
citra-sUcI 115 bAdAmI : jaina guphA-maMdira, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (bhA pu sa) 116 ka aihole : mainAbasti guphA-maMdira, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) kha aihole : jaina guphA-maMdira, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) 117 elorA : indra sabhA (guphA saM0 32), bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) 118 ka elorA : indra sabhA (guphA saM0 32, tIrthakara pArzvanAtha (bhA pu sa) kha elorA : gommaTezvara (guphA saM0 32) (bhA pu sa) 119 elorA : staMbha guphA saM0 32 (bhA pu sa) 120 ka elorA : guphA saM0 33, bAharI bhAga (bhA pu sa) kha aihole : meguTI maMdira (bhA pusa) 121 elorA : kubera, guphA saM0 33 (bhA pu sa) 122 elorA : ambikA yakSI, guphA saM0 33 (bhA pu sa) 123 elorA : tIrthaMkara, guphA saM0 33 (bhA pu sa) 124 elorA : aMtaHbhAga, guphA saM0 33 (bhA pu sa) 125 elorA : vimAna-maMdira, guphA saM0 33 (bhA pu sa) 126 paTaDakala : jaina maMdira (bhA pusa) (23)

Page #30
rekhA-citra mohana-jo-dar3o : selakhar3I meM ukerI mudrA (bhA pu sa) kaMkAlI TIlA : ITa nirmita stUpa kI rUparekhA (smitha ke anusAra) (bhA pu sa) udayagiri evaM khaNDagiri : guphAoM kI rUparekhA (bhA pu sa) udayagiri : pahAr3I adhityakA para ardhavRttAkAra bhavana kI rUparekhA (bhA pu sa) jUnAgar3ha : bAbA pyArA kI guphA, guphA saM 'ke' kA pravezadvAra (barjesa ke anusAra) (bhA pusa) vArANasI : ajitanAtha kI mUrti kA sira (rA saM la , 49,199 (rA saMla) 114 116 8 mathurA : pAdapIThoM para aMkita siMha, 1-4, kuSANakAlIna (rA saM la, je-20, je-30, je-34, je-26); 5-6 guptakAlIna (rA saM la, je-118, je 121) (rA saM la). mathurA : zrIvatsa cinha, 1-3 kuSANakAlIna (rA saM la , je-16, je-36, je-177); 4-6 guptakAlIna (rA saMla, je-188; pu saM ma, bI-6, bI-7) (rA saM la) devagar3ha : maMdiroM kI rUparekhA (bhA pu sa) 121 9 184 mukhapRSTha citra pannA, madhyapradeza : bhagavAn mahAvIra, chaThI zatI I0 (nIraja jaina) (24)

Page #31
bhAga 1 prAstAvika

Page #32

Page #33
adhyAya 1 saMpAdaka kA abhimata prAcyazodha ke vikAsa aura sAhityika prakAzanoM meM saMlagna sAMskRtika saMsthA bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke maMtrI ne san 1971 ke prAraMbha meM mujhase yaha anurodha kiyA ki maiM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paccIsavIM nirvANa-zatI ke avasara para prakAzana ke lie prastAvita graMtha 'jaina kalA aura sthApatya' kA saMpAdana kruuN| maiMne isa kArya ke lie turaMta hI apanI svIkRti de dii| yaha isalie ki aba taka prakAzita graMthoM meM yaha apane prakAra kA pahalA graMtha niyojita thA aura koI bhI vyakti isase saMbaddha hokara prasannatA kA hI anubhava kregaa| vaise, bhAratIya kalA ke itihAsa-graMthoM meM jaina smArakoM aura mUrtikalA ko pramukha sthAna prApta rahatA hai, aura vibhinna smArakoM aura mUrtiyoM yA inake samUhoM para ikke-dukke prabaMdha aura lekha bhI upalabdha haiM, kiMtu aisA koI vistRta graMtha kadAcit hI ho jisameM, apane dharma ko mUrta rUpa dene ke lie jaina tattvAvadhAna meM pallavita, kalA aura sthApatya kA hI pRthak rUpa se vivecana ho| vartamAna meM, isa viSaya se saMbaMdhita jo sarvekSaNa milate haiM, ve na kevala aparyApta haiM apitu kabhI-kabhI truTipUrNa hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha unakA jhukAva kisI eka dRSTikoNa ke prati prakaTa hotA hai| yadyapi isa prakAra ke graMtha ke aucitya para saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, tadapi isakI pratipAdya sAmagrI kI aikAMtika prakRti para jora denA buddhimAnI nahIM hogii| yaha kalpanA karanA kaThina hai ki kisI bhI jaina kalAtmaka yA vAstuzilpIya kRti kA saMbaMdha bhAratIya kalA aura sthApatya kI mukhya dhArA se nahIM hai yA use isa dhArA se alaga karake dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha bhI ThIka hai ki jainadharma kI viziSTa dhArmika aura paurANika saMkalpanAoM ne aise zilpa-prakAroM ko janma diyA jo anya saMpradAyoM kI kalAkRtiyoM meM nahIM pAye jAte; kintu taba bhI, ye zilpAMkana usa pradeza aura kAla kI zailI ke anurUpa haiM jahA~ inakA nirmANa huaa| isa prakAra jahA~ eka ora jaina paurANika AkhyAnoM ke viziSTa rUpa -- samavasaraNa, naMdIzvara dvIpa, aSTApada Adi kI anukRtiyA~ vizeSa rUpa se jaina haiM,

Page #34
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 vahIM dUsarI ora unameM bhI usa pradeza kI tatkAlIna zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai jahA~ inakA nirmANa huaa| mohana-jo-dar3o se prApta muhara (khar3iyA miTTI kI mudrA) para ukerI kAyotsarga mUrti para yadi hama abhI vicAra na kareM to bhI lohAnIpura kI mauryayugIna tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ (adhyAya 7) yaha sUcita karatI haiM ki isa bAta kI sarvAdhika saMbhAvanA hai ki jainadharma pUjA-hetu pratimAoM ke nirmANa meM bauddha aura brAhmaNadharma se Age thaa| bauddha yA brAhmaNa dharma se saMbaMdhita devatAoM kI itanI prAcIna pratimAe~ abhI taka prApta nahIM huI haiM, yadyapi ina dharmoM kI samakAlIna yA lagabhaga samakAlIna yakSa-mUrtiyA~ prApta haI haiM, jinakI zailI para lohAnIpUra kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| mahAvIra ke samaya meM isa prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ banAne kI prathA thI, isakA pramANa nahIM mila sakA hai| svayaM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna vItabhayapattana ke nRpati uddAyana kI rAnI (jisake bAre meM anya kisI srota se hameM jAnakArI nahIM hai) candanakASTha se nirmita tIrthakara (adhyAya 8) kI pUjA karatI thiiN| isa AkhyAna kA pratirUpa buddha ke samakAlIna kauzAmbI ke udayana saMbaMdhI AkhyAna meM milatA hai ki usane isI sAmagrI se nirmita' buddha kI pratimA sthApita kI thii| yahA~ taka ki donoM zAsakoM ke nAmoM kI sAmyatA bhI saMbhavataH Akasmika na ho| mathurA se prApta tIrthaMkaroM aura yakSiyoM kI paravartI mUrtiyA~ utkarSazIla mathurA zailI kI viziSTa kRtiyA~ haiN| unameM pratimA-nirmANa viSayaka jo bhI sAGgopAGgatA pAyI jAtI hai, use chor3akara unameM aisI koI bhinna bAta nahIM hai jo unheM anya saMpradAyoM kI samakAlIna mUrtiyoM se, zailI kI dRSTi se, pRthak siddha kre| yahI bAta anya sabhI pradezoM aura paravartI zatAbdiyoM kI kalA para bhI lAgU hotI hai| yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki mathurA meM bhI yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM meM hama pratimA-nirmANaviSayaka sAmAnya rUpa-vinyAsa-vivaraNa hI pAte haiM, kintu ve paravartI yugoM meM vikasita hote jAte haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM isa prakAra ke vivaraNa adhikAMzataH cihnoM (lAMchanoM) aura yakSa-yakSiyoM ko sammilita karane taka sImita haiN| ye cihna pahacAna ke lie hote haiN| inake prayoga ke saMbaMdha meM guptayuga meM bhI vibhinnatA rahI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI parikalpanA meM utkaTa saMyama kA samAveza hai ata: unakI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM alaMkaraNa kI guMjAiza nahIM rahatI, kintu sAdagI kI yaha bAta sAmAnyataH buddha pratimAoM ke bAre meM bhI sahI hai| to bhI, alaMkaraNa kI yaha icchA mahAvIra kI jIvantasvAmI pratimA kI eka nayI saMkalpanA karake pUrNa kI gyii| isI prakAra kI kalpanA kA udAharaNa pUrvI bhArata kI buddha kI mukuTadhArI madhyakAlIna pratimA hai| 1 bIla (semuala). buddhisTa rikArDsa oNfa da vesTarna varlDa. 1. 1884. landana. pR 235./ vhI-lI. lAifa oNfa hanasAMga. 1882. landana. pR 91.

Page #35
adhyAya 1] saMpAdaka kA abhimata mUrtikalA viSayaka saMkalpanAoM kA anya dizAoM meM bhI pArasparika prabhAva pdd'aa| vaise dharmacakra kI saMkalpanA jainadharma aura bauddhadharma' donoM hI meM samAna rahI hogI, kintu hirana ke pArzva meM use pradarzita karane kA calana kevala bauddhoM meM hI vizeSa rUpa se thA, jo ki mRgadAva meM buddha ke prathama dharmopadeza ke dRzya kA smaraNa dilAtA thaa| yoM madhyayugIna tIrthaMkara pratimAoM meM bhI hama yaha saMyoga pAte haiM / khaNDagiri kI guphA-8 meM gaNeza mUrti se pahale sAta yakSiyoM kA dRzya brAhmaNadharma kI saptamAtRkA-samUha kA smaraNa karAtA hai; aura jilA puruliyA ke pAkavIra nAmaka sthAna (adhyAya 15) meM prApta tIrthaMkara ke pAda-pITha para liMga kI vidyamAnatA dhArmika aura mUrtikalA viSayaka samanvaya kI apanI kahAnI kahate haiN| aura, na hI RSabhanAtha aura ziva kA jaTA aura baila se saMbaMdhita honA bilakula hI Akasmika hai| saMbhavata: lohAnIpura kI mauryakAlIna tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ eka aise IMTa-nirmita jinAlaya meM pratiSThita kI gayI thIM jisake svarUpa ke bAre meM hameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai| matharA ke prAcIna aitihAsika jinAlaya Aja hameM apane TUTe-phUTe bhAgoM kI vidyamAnatA se hI jJAta haiM (adhyAya 6) / jisa kAla se hameM pUrNa rUpa se nirmita maMdira milate haiM, unheM hama anya dharmoM ke maMdiroM kI prAyojanA aura zilpa se bhinna nahIM pAte / aura, na hI zilpazAstroM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaina maMdiroM kI kauna-sI apanI bhavana-nirmANa saMbaMdhI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, kyoMki spaSTataH aisA vivaraNa dene kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| yaha ThIka hai ki jaina, brAhmaNa aura bauddha maMdiroM meM jo aMtara parilakSita hotA hai vaha svabhAvataH mukhya maMdira meM pratiSThita devatA, pArzvavartI devI-devatA tathA apanI-apanI paurANika kathAoM ke anusAra mUrtiyoM ke takSaNa Adi ke kAraNa hogA hI, kintu nirmANa saMbaMdhI koI vAstavika aMtara nahIM hai jo saMpradAya vizeSa kI mAnyatAoM evaM paraMparAoM ke kAraNa hI ho / udAharaNArtha, khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha maMdira kI yojanA vahA~ ke brAhmaNya maMdiroM se bhinna ho sakatI hai, kintu vahA~ ke brAhmaNya maMdira svayaM bhI eka dUsare se bhinna haiN| isa bAta kA koI pramANa nahIM hai ki maMdiroM kI yojanAoM meM jo bhinnatA hai, vaha pUjA kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM ke kAraNa hai, jaisA ki kucha logoM kA mata hai| ukta sthAna ke sabhI maMdiroM para khajurAho-kalA kI chApa spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai / 1 kahA jAtA hai ki RSabhanAtha ne takSazilA meM dharmacakra kA pravartana kiyA thA isalie kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha mukhyataH eka jaina pratIka hai| [ kAntisAgara. khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava. dvitIya saMskaraNa. banArasa. 1959. pR 59] kintu isa AkhyAna kA jisameM yaha kathA bhI sammalita hai ki RSabhadeva ne yavana deza (prAyoniyA, pazcimI eziyA kA eka yUnAnI deza) kA bhramaNa kiyA thA, purAtAtvika evaM aitihAsika tathyoM se khaNDana hotA hai kyoMki purAtAtvika dRSTi se takSazilA chaThI-pA~cavIM zatI I0 pU0 se pahale astitva meM nahIM AyA thA aura AyoniyArAjya AThavIM-sAtavIM zatI se pahale sthApita nahIM huA thA, jabaki anuzruti yaha hai ki RSabhanAtha atyanta prAcIna yuga meM hue the. 2 z2annAsa (elikI) tathA aoboye (jInIna). khajurAhoja' grevenahAge. 1960. Y 147-48. lekhaka svayaM hI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki khajurAho meM sthita jaina maMdiroM meM bhI paraspara zilpagata aMtara hai.

Page #36
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 dhArmika bhavanoM ke vAstuzilpIya alaMkaraNa meM kisI prakAra kA dharmagata aMtara nahIM hai| sabhI dharmoM kI mUrtiyoM meM jIvanAnaMda kI eka hI pravRtti spaSTa dikhAI detI hai, kevala unako chor3akara jinakI prakRti nitAnta dhArmika hai| unameM yakSI, sevikA, nAyikA, apsarA, sura-sundarI yA alasa-kanyAe~, jo bhI unheM kaheM, ve akelI yA mithunoM ke rUpa meM sarvatra dRSTigocara hotI haiM aura kisI bhI dharma ke saMyamapreraka upadeza tathA prAcAra-niyama devAlayoM meM unakI vidyamAnatA ko roka nahIM sake / atyanta prAcInakAla se hI ve sarvatra vidyamAna haiM, jaisA ki sAMcI ke bauddha stUpoM yA mathurA ke avazeSoM aura jaina stUpoM kI laghu anukRtiyoM se siddha hai| mathurA meM eka mUrtiyukta stUpa para nagna yakSiyA~ vidyamAna haiM aura unheM vedikA-stambhoM para kAmoddIpaka bhaGgimAoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / vaise yaha satya hai ki jaina pratimA-vijJAna kinhIM tAMtrika, brAhmaNa aura bauddha devI-devatAoM ke saMdarbha meM citrita brahmANDavyApI kAmazakti ko aMkita karane kI anumati nahIM detA, phira bhI khajurAho tathA anya sthAnoM ke madhyayugIna jaina maMdiroM meM kAmuka-yugma chadmarUpa se dRSTigocara hote haiM / chattIsagar3ha meM pAraMga nAmaka sthAna meM maMdira ke zikhara para to ve atyanta mukta rUpa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / inase siddha hotA hai ki aise citraNoM para tAMtrikavAda yA kaula pAzupatavAda Adi kA prabhAva DhUMr3hane kA prayAsa nirarthaka parizrama hI hai| kalAkAra ne apane Apako usa dharma ke kaThora niyamoM se nirapekSa hokara, jisakI sevA meM vaha kAryarata thA, apane yuga ke usa zilpa-vidhAna ko apanAyA, jise na kevala usakA yuga pUrI mAnyatA pradAna karatA thA, apitu jisameM vaha svayaM bhI Ananda letA thaa| usI prakAra eka ora jahA~ dharma-graMtha jaina bhikSoM ko citrita AvAsoM meM rahane kA niSedha karate the, vahIM dUsarI ora sAdha loga apane gaphA-maMdiroM meM Anandaprada citrakArI bhI saha lete the| isa prakAra kI thI kalAtmaka alaMkaraNa kI preraNA ! bahadhA alaMkRta aura apane zikhara meM cAroM ora eka hI tIrthakara kI pratimAoM se yukta mAnastambha jaina maMdiroM ke sammukha, prAyaH pAye jAte haiN| vizeSa rUpa se dakSiNa bhArata meM, inameM brAhmaNya maMdiroM ke sAmane sthita aura garbhagaha meM pratiSThita devatA ke pratIka se yukta dhvaja-stambhoM kA pratirUpa dikhAI par3atA hai / isa prakAra kA eka prAcIna udAharaNa I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI kA besanagara (vidizA) kA prasiddha garur3a staMbha hai / vastutaH, yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki samrATa azoka dvArA nirmita dhArmika bhavanoM ke sAmane azoka-staMbha Avazyaka rUpa se banAye gaye the| 1 jannAsa tathA proboye, pUrvokta, pU 151./ bhAratI, risarca buleTina oNpha da kaoNleja paoNpha iNDaoNlaoNjI, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya. 33; 1959-60; pR 48 meM ela. ke. tripAThI. / kAntisAgara, pUrvokta, pR 125. 2 kAntisAgara, pUrvokta, pR 24-25. 3 hAla ke utkhanana se eka hI paMkti meM anya staMbhoM kI nIMva aura unake pAsa hI meM eka maMdira ke purAvazeSa mile haiM. ___ iNDiyana prAkyiAlaoNjI-e rivyU, 1964-65. 1965. naI dillI. pR 19./ vahI, 1965-66. 1966. pR 23. 4 ghoSa (e). pilarsa praoNfa prazoka, deyara parapaja. IsTa eNDa vesTa, nyU sIrIja. 17. 1967. roma. pR 273-75.

Page #37
adhyAya 1] saMpAdaka kA abhimata eka viziSTa prakAra kI jaina mUrti sarvatobhadrikA pratimA ke rUpa meM nirmita hotI hai jise sAmAnyataH caumukhI kahA jAtA hai aura jisakA sabase prAcIna rUpa mathurA se prApta huA hai| isameM sAdhAraNataH eka caukora staMbha para cAroM ora jina-pratimA utkIrNa kI jAtI hai| caumukhI kI eka prakAra kI saMkalpanA bauddhoM ko bhI jJAta thI; laghu bauddha stUpoM para kabhI-kabhI buddha kI pratimA kA aura bauddha devatAoM kA aMkana stUpoM ke cAroM ora ke bAloM meM pAyA jAtA hai, yadyapi unakA mUrtana eka ora bhI huA hai / yahA~ taka ki sAMcI ke vikhyAta stUpa ko bhI gupta-yuga meM pratyeka kone meM ekaeka buddha-pratimA kI sthApanA dvArA caumukhI kA-sA svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM stUpoM kA bahulatA se ullekha milatA hai, kintu abhI taka kevala IsA ke tatkAla pahale aura bAda kI zatiyoM ke mathurA sthita kaMkAlI TIle yA ekAdhika stUpoM ke hI purAvazeSa mile haiN| ina stUpoM ke vibhinna bhAga aura stUpa-zilpa ke namUne kadAcit hI koI aisI vizeSatA pradarzita karate haiM jo samakAlIna bauddha stUpoM meM parilakSita na ho| isI prakAra svarUpa aura samaya kI dRSTi se jaina stUpoM kI utpatti bauddha stUpoM se bhinna nahIM rahI hogii| prAcIna jaina stUpoM ke ullekha (yathA, vaizAlI kA eka stUpa jo ki rAma ke samakAlIna mAne jAnevAle bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvrata ko samarpita thA) ke samAna hI bauddha sAhitya meM bhI stUpoM ke ullekha pAye jAte haiM / nepAla kI tarAI ke niglivA sthAna meM buddha ke pUrvAvatAra kanakamuni ke stUpa kA pramANa azoka ke zilAlekha se milatA hai| mathurA ke jaina stUpa (adhyAya 6) ke lie prayukta 'devanirmita' vizeSaNa hameM zAyada bahuta adhika prAcInakAla taka na le jaaye| isa zabda se kevala yahI jJAta hotA hai ki yaha prAcIna stUpa bhaktoM dvArA bar3I zraddhA se dekhA-mAnA jAtA thaa| Upara kI paMktiyoM meM bahuta kucha yaha darzAyA jA cukA hai (yadi isakI koI AvazyakatA rahI ho to) ki jaina mUrtikalA aura smArakoM ko bhAratIya sAMskRtika paraMparA kI pramukha nidhi se na to alaga hI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na hI aisA kiyA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki ve isa nidhi kA eka Avazyaka aura abhinna aMga haiN| apanI AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM ko dRzya rUpa dene kI pUrti ke lie jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM ne bhI vikAsa ke usI patha kA sabhI yugoM meM anugamana kiyA jisakA anya dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne / hA~, apanI paurANika kathAoM aura dhArmika vizvAsoM meM jo kucha bhI vizeSa thA, use bhI unhoMne mUrta rUpa diyaa| kintu isa pariprekSya meM bhI ve bhAratIya kalA aura sthApatya ke vikAsa ke mukhya mArga ko chor3akara alaga nahIM gye| pazcima bhArata meM nirmita jaina maMdira madhyayugIna maMdiroM meM 1. pahAr3apura maMdira kI dUsarI vedikA para cAra vistRta devakulikAeM haiM, jinameM kabhI pratimAeM sthApita rahI hoNgii| inakI vidyamAnatA ke AdhAra para isa maMdira kA sAdRzya caumukhI se kiyA gayA hai| sarasvatI (esa ke). sTragala phaoNra empAyara. sampA : Ara sI majUmadAra tathA e DI pusAlakara. 1957. bambaI. pU 637-38. lekina isameM vedikAyukta bhAga ke zIrSa kI mukhya vedI para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hai jisakI vidyamAnatA kA saralatA se anumAna IMToM ke cabUtare ko gheranevAlI paryApta rUpa se moTI dIvAroM kI iMToM kI caukora rekhA se hotA hai. dIkSita (ke ena). eksakevezansa aiTa pahAr3apura. memoyarsa praoNpha da mAyAlaoNjikala sarve praoNpha iNDiyA. 55. 1936. dillI. pR 15.

Page #38
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 sarvotkRSTa evaM adbhuta alaMkaraNa - bAhulya ke kAraNa anya maMdiroM se Age nikala jAne para bhI tatkAlIna bhAratIya Adarza kI sImArekhA meM hI rahe / agara agale pRSThoM se yaha spaSTa ho sake ki jainadharma kI bhAratIya saMskRti ko kitanI pracura mUrta dena hai ( zrAdhyAtmika dena ko chor3akara jo prAyaH vidita hai ) to prastuta graMtha kA uddezya bahuta kucha pUrA ho sakegA / bhArata ke bAhara jaina purAvazeSoM ke pramANa nahIM milate / zrIlaMkA ke bauddha aitihAsika graMtha mahAvaMza meM ullekha milatA hai ki rAjA pANDukAbhaya ne apanI rAjadhAnI meM eka nigraMtha vihAra kA nirmANa karAyA thA / 1 cauthI zatI I0 pU0 meM zrIlaMkA meM jainoM kI vidyamAnatA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai, kyoMki usa samaya taka jainadharmaM ur3IsA, aura saMbhavataH dakSiNa bhArata meM pahale se hI phaila cukA thA / kintu usake vihAra ke koI avazeSa abhI taka pahacAne nahIM jA sake / na hI dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA meM jainadharma ke prasAra kA koI vizvasanIya pramANa hai, yadyapi isameM saMdeha nahIM ki pazcimI bhArata ke vaNikoM (unameM se kucha jaina bhI hone cAhie) ne ina pradezoM kA bhramaNa kiyA thA, kintu bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharmoM ke viparIta yaha mata vahA~ dRr3hatA se sthApita na ho sakA ; 2 yahI bAta gaMdhAra pradeza aura usake samIpavartI uttara-pazcima kSetra para lAgU hotI hai / 3 aba hama prastuta graMtha para vicAra kreN| zrI kalambUra zivarAmamUrti, nidezaka, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, zrI madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe, bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke mahAnidezaka aura sarvekSaNa ke kucha anya adhikAriyoM tathA vizeSa rUpa se maMtrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, ke sAtha hue mere vicAra-vimarza 1 mahAvaMso. saMpA : ena ke bhagata. devanAgarI pAli TeksTa sIrIja 12. dvitIya saMskaraNa 1959 bambaI. pU 74. / jaina (hIrAlAla ). bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna. 1962. bhopAla. pU 35. 2 kucha vidvAn iNDoneziyA meM prambAnana ke ziva maMdira meM jaina prabhAva dekhate haiM / tulanIya jaina, pUrvokta, pU 141. phargusana ke AdhAra para yaha kisI puSTa pramANa para zrAdhArita nahIM hai, mukhya maMdira meM pradhAna pratimA ziva kI hai (jise bauddha vidvAn kisI mRta zAsaka kA zava batAte haiM) aura maMdira meM tIna tarapha gauNa devatA haiM, pArzvavartI devatAoM kI saMkalpanA / 3 gandhAra pradeza meM jaina avazya vidyamAna rahe hoMge (hva enasAMga ne unheM vahA~ sAtavIM zatI meM dekhA thA), phira bhI mArzala kI isa saMdehAspada mAnyatA kA koI aucitya nahIM hai ki takSazilA ke dUsare nagara sirakapa ke kucha stUpa jainoM se saMbaMdhita haiM / mArzala (jaoNna ). gAiDa TU takSazilA. kaimbrija 1960 72-74, pR 69; Age dekhie adhyAya 8. yaha paraMparA ki tIrthakaroM ne uttara pazcima kA bhramaNa kiyA thA saMdigdha hai ThIka usI prakAra jaise yaha dhAraNA ki buddha bhI vahA~ pahuMce the. bIla, pUrvokta, 1, 1884, pRSTha 30 ( fAhiyAna ) aura 67 Adi (hva enasAMga ) . 8

Page #39
adhyAya 1 ] saMpAdaka kA abhimata ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa graMtha kI rUpa-rekhA taiyAra huii| isa graMtha ke adhyAyoM ko likhane ke lie sakSama vidvAnoM se nivedana kiyA gayA aura eka nizcita samaya bhI nirdhArita kara diyA gayA / isa prakAra ke sahakArI prayatna ke sAtha jaisA sAdhAraNataH hotA hai, kucha vidvAnoM ne kucha bhI likhane meM apanI asamarthatA vyakta kI, bahutoM ne apane lekha samaya para bheja diye aura kucha ne aMtima kSaNoM meM / kucha adhyAya, jo bahuta dera se prApta hue the, saMkSipta aura apUrNa pAye gaye, aura jaba isa tathya kI ora saMbaMdhita vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA to unhoMne kamI pUrI karane ke lie aura samaya mA~gA / unheM samaya dene kA tAtparya thA, prakAzana meM anizcita vilamba aura merA isI graMtha se anizcita kAla taka saMbaddha rahanA / citrAtmaka sAmagrI ke sAtha bhI yahI bAta huI / isa saMbaMdha meM bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke samRddha citra-srotoM aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA saMgraha kiye jA rahe jaina purAvazeSoM ke citroM ke vizAla saMgraha ne kamI pUrI kii| to bhI, kucha kamI aba bhI hai / ina saba bAtoM se isa graMtha ke guNa aura doSa spaSTa ho sakeMge / kintu inakA nirNaya pAThaka svayaM hI kareMge / graMtha ke jo aMza Alocya haiM unakA tIvra bhAna mere sivA anya kisI vyakti ko nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki mujhe to isake eka-eka adhyAya ko aneka sthitiyoM meM par3hanA par3A tathA citroM ko sajAnA-sa~vAranA par3A hai / jaba isa graMtha kI sAmagrI saMgrahIta karane kA kAma kucha Age bar3hA, taba pharavarI 1673 meM mujhe ekavarSIya anubaMdha para iNDoneziyA jAnA pdd'aa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke sAtha nyAya karane kI dRSTi se maiMne sampAdakIya kArya se binA zarta tyAgapatra de diyA tAki merI anupasthiti se graMtha kI pragati meM bAdhA na par3e aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke maMtrI ko maiMne yaha spaSTa salAha dI ki ve yaha kArya kisI aise anya vyakti ko sauMpa deM jo ise acchI taraha kara sake / kintu jaba gatavarSa pharavarI meM maiM bhArata lauTA taba mujhe yaha jAnakara Azcarya huA ki graMtha merI pratIkSA kara rahA hai / bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke adhikAriyoM dvArA mujhameM vyakta vizvAsa ne mujhe prabhAvita kiyA aura maiM TUTI zrRMkhalA ko tatparatA se jor3ane meM laga gyaa| aisA nahIM thA ki merI anupasthiti meM koI pragati na huI ho / kucha aura adhyAya prApta hue the aura yaha bhI nirNaya liyA gayA thA ki bhArata ke, aura jahA~ taka saMbhava ho sake, videzoM ke saMgrahAlayoM meM upalabdha jaina kalAkRtiyoM para adhyAya jor3e jAyeM / sakSama vidvAnoM se pahale hI anurodha kiyA gayA thA ki ve apane adhikAragata saMgrahoM para likheM / vaha saba prApta sAmagrI samAviSTa kI gayI hai / kintu Upara diye gaye kAraNoM se vaha bhI apUrNa raha gayI hai| kucha saMgrahAlaya, yathA purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA, aura rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, jAnabUjhakara chor3a diye gaye haiM kyoMki unakI viSayavastu kA adhikAMza smArakoM aura mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI adhyAyoM meM A gayA hai / yahA~ yaha sUcanA denA ucita hogA ki nirvANa mahotsava ke avasara para bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA jaina kalAkRtiyoM kI eka pradarzanI kA Ayojana kiyA jA rahA hai aura jJAnapITha unakA eka sUcIpatra bhI prakAzita karegA / 9

Page #40
[ bhAga 1 isa graMtha kI yojanA ke bAre meM bhI mujhe kucha kahanA hai / kucha paricayAtmaka adhyAyoM ke pazcAt graMtha kA mUlabhAga arthAt smAraka aura mUrtikalA kA vivecana prArambha hotA hai, jisakA vibhAjana nimnalikhita kAloM meM kiyA gayA haiM : (1) I0 pU0 300 se 300 I0, (2) 300 I0 se 600 I0, (3) 600 I0 se 1000 I0, (4) 1000 se 1300 I0, aura (5) 1300 I0 se 1800 I0 taka / yaha kAla vibhAjana bahuta kucha paraMparAgata hai jo ki kramazaH grAdya aitihAsika yuga, ArSa yuga ( klAsikala - - kama se kama jahA~ taka uttara bhArata kA saMbaMdha hai), pUrva madhya yuga aura uttara-madhya yuga, kahe jAnevAle yugoM se milatA-julatA hai / isa vibhAjana ko banAye rakhanA sadaiva hI sarala nahIM rahA / udAharaNArtha, jaba kisI mUrti kI tithi usakI zailI ke AdhAra para nizcita kI jAnI ho, taba ekAdhika vidvAn use apane adhyAya meM sammilita karanA cAheMge kyoMki aise mAmaloM meM kucha mata - vibhinnatA anivArya hai / isa prakAra kI sAmagrI ko eka adhyAya meM rakhane aura dUsare se use nikAlane meM saMpAdaka ne svayaM nirNaya liyA hai| isI prakAra kI kaThinAI kA anubhava smArakoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI huA hai, balki yahA~ yaha kaThinAI isa kAraNa aura bar3ha gayI hai ki maMdiroM meM parivarddhanoM aura parivartanoM ke kAraNa saMzliSTa samUha ( kaoNmpleksa) kA vibhAjana eka se adhika yuga meM kara sakanA kaThina pratIta huA hai kyoMki saMzliSTa ke vibhAjana ke binA yaha kArya saMbhava nahIM / yahA~ bhI mujhe apanA hI nirNaya lenA par3A; kucha mAmaloM meM eka saMzliSTa ko kisI vizeSa yuga ke aMtargata rakhA gayA hai jabaki usake kucha bhAga dUsare yuga se saMbaMdhita haiM / prAstAvika Upara diye gaye adhikAMza yugoM ko nimna prakAra pradezoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : (1) uttara bhArata, (2) pUrva bhArata, (3) madhya bhArata, (4) pazcima bhArata, (5) dakSiNApatha, aura (6) dakSiNa bhArata / yahA~ bhI yaha vibhAjana pUrNataH saMtoSajanaka siddha nahIM huaa| to bhI kAma calAne ke lie uttara kI paribhASA yaha kI gayI hai ki usameM dakSiNa-pUrva rAjasthAna ( jo pazcimI bhArata ke aMtargata rakhA gayA hai) aura uttara pradeza ke eka bhAga, buMdelakhaNDa ( jo madhya bhArata ke aMtargata AyA hai) ko chor3akara zeSa uttara bhArata meM sammilita haiM / aisA karate samaya sAmAnyataH prAcIna sAMskRtika aura rAjanaitika saMdarbhoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai / pUrvI bhArata meM bihAra, pazcima baMgAla, asama aura ur3IsA sammilita mAne gaye haiM (eka yA do adhyAyoM meM bA~glAdeza ko bhI sammilita kiyA gayA hai / maiM svIkAra karatA hU~ ki yaha vyavasthita nahIM hai aura AzA karatA hU~ ki ise rAjanItika uddezya se prerita nahIM mAnA jAyegA, kyoMki vahA~ prApta bahuta thor3e jaina purAvazeSoM ke lie alaga se pradeza banAnA ucita pratIta nahIM huA ) / madhya bhArata se tAtparya madhya pradeza aura buMdelakhaNDa se hai / pazcima bhArata meM, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, gujarAta aura dakSiNa-pUrva rAjasthAna sammilita haiM / dakSiNApatha svataH spaSTa hai / dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka ke dakSiNI jile aura niHsaMdeha, tamilanADu, Andhra pradeza aura kerala sammilita haiM / ina sImAoM kA kabhI - kabhI atikramaNa huA hai kintu vaha kSamya hai / yahA~ isa bAta para bhI dhyAna denA ucita hogA ki 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 aura 300 I0 se 600 I0 kI avadhiyoM ke antargata 'uttara bhArata' kA sthAna mathurA ne le liyA hai| yaha ucita hI 10

Page #41
adhyAya 1] saMpAdaka kA abhimata hai kyoMki ina avadhiyoM kI lagabhaga sampUrNa uttara bhAratIya jaina sAmagrI mathurA se prApta ___IsA-pUrva 300 se 300 I0 taka kI avadhi meM madhya bhArata kA varNana nahIM pAtA hai| isakA sIdhA-sA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa pradeza aura isase saMbaMdhita avadhi meM jaina purAvazeSoM kA abhAva hai, yadyapi inake saMbaMdha meM vikramAditya, kAlakAcArya, gardabhilla, sAtavAhana se saMbaMdhita ghaTanAcakroM ke AkhyAnoM kA bAhulya hai| saragujA jile kI rAmagar3ha pahAr3I para sthita jogImArA-sItAbeMga guphAoM ke kucha citroM kI jainoM se saMbaddhatA batAyI gayI hai kintu ina citroM ke aura adhika adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| isI prakAra dakSiNApatha meM 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 aura 300 I0 se 600 I04 kI avadhiyoM ke bIca, aura dakSiNa bhArata meM ukta aMtima avadhi meM koI jaina purAvazeSa prApta nahIM hue haiN| ataeva ukta avadhiyoM se saMbaMdhita koI adhyAya graMtha meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 1 IsA-pUrva 300 se 300 I0 kI avadhi ke aMtargata jisa saMbhava kamI kI yahA~ pUrti kI jA sakatI hai vaha hai ilAhAbAda jile meM kauzAmbI ke nikaTa pabhosA kI eka kRtrima guphA / jaisA ki e0 phuharara ne mAnumeNTala eNTikviTIja aiNDa inskripzaMsa ina da nArtha veTarna prAvinsa aiNDa avadha. AkiyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNfa iNDiyA, nyU sIrIja. 2. (nyU impIriyala sIrIz2a. 12) 1891. ilAhAbAda.pRSTha 143-44 meM varNana kiyA hai-yaha guphA ke pahAr3I mukhabhAga ke Upara hai| isakA AkAra 2.7x1.4 mITara aura UMcAI 1 mITara hai| isakA daravAz2A 0.66x0.53 mITara aura isakI do khir3akiyA~ 048x0.43 mITara haiM / bhItara, dakSiNa pArzva meM takiyA sahita eka prastara zayyA hai| ukta lipi meM kucha zilAlekhoM ke atirikta do zilAlekha aura haiM jinameM kahA gayA hai ki isa guphA kA nirmANa ASAr3hasena ne karAyA thA jo apane anya AnuvaMzika saMbaMdhoM ke atirikta rAjA bahasatimitra kA mAmA thaa| isa bahasatimitra (bRhaspatimitra) kI pahacAna sAmAnya rUpa se usI nAma ke magadha-nareza se kI jAtI hai jise ur3IsA ke khAravela dvArA IsA se pahalI yA dUsarI (jisakI saMbhAvanA kama hai) zatI meM parAjita kiyA gayA thaa| isa guphA kA nirmANa kAzyapIya arhatoM ke lie kiyA gayA thA / kyoMki mahAvIra kAzyapa gotra ke the, ataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jina arhatoM ke lie isa guphA kA nirmANa huA thA ve jaina the| hIrAlAla jaina, pUrvokta pR309. 2 umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ne merA dhyAna apane lekha suvarNa bhUmi meM kAlakAcArya (vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM) kI ora AkarSita kiyA hai jisameM unhoMne kAlakAcArya ko aitihAsika vyakti mAnA hai. 3 rAyakRSNadAsa. bhArata kI citrakalA. 1962. ilAhAbAda. pR2. dekhie blAkha (TI) / praoNyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. enuala riporTa. 1903-04. 1906. kalakattA. pR 12 evaM paravartI. / ema0 vaikaTaramaiyA dvArA 1961 I0 meM guphAoM ke saMbaMdha meM eka sampUrNa tathA sacitra riporTa taiyAra kI gayI thI jo bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke abhilekhAgAra meM upalabdha hai| 4 jaina, pUrvokta, pR 311./ phargusana (jemsa) tathA varjesa (jemsa). keva Tempalsa oNfa iNDiyA. 1880. landana. pR 491 ke AdhAra para kahate haiM ki dhArAziva guphAoM kA samUha jo usmAnAbAda se adhika dUra nahIM hai, jaina hai; kyoMki usameM tIrthaMkara pratimAeM haiN| kintu, isa bAta kI adhika saMbhAvanA hai ki mUlarUpa se ve bauddha thIM aura kAlAMtara meM jainoM dvArA prayoga meM lAyI gyiiN| ina guphAoM kA nirmANa 500 I0 aura 620 I. ke bIca hunAka 11

Page #42
prAstAvika [bhAga 1 yaha pUrA graMtha kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| unameM se kucha itane vistRta nahIM haiM ki ve bhAga kahe kintu adhyAyoM kA vargIkaraNa isa vidhi se suvidhAjanaka ho gayA hai| yaha graMtha tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita hogaa| pahale khaNDa meM paricayAtmaka adhyAya (bhAga 1), aura IsA-pUrva 300 se 300 I0 ke smAraka aura mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI sAmagrI (bhAga 2); 300 I0 se 600 I0 (bhAga 3); 600 I0 se 1000 I0 (bhAga 4)1 sammilita kiye gaye haiN| isake bAda ke do khaNDoM meM nimnalikhita sAmagrI hogI ; smArakoM aura mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI zeSa do adhyAya, kramazaH 1000 I0 se 1300 I0 (bhAga 5); aura 1300-1800 I0 (bhAga 6); citrakalA : bhitticitra aura laghacitra ; vividha adhyAya ; deza-videza ke saMgrahAlayoM meM jaina purAvazeSoM saMbaMdhI adhyAya ; takanIkI zabdoM kI sUcI (yadi Avazyaka samajhI gayI) aura sabhI khaNDoM kI saMpUrNa anukramaNikA / yahA~ mujhe apane saMpAdakIya uttaradAyitva kA bhI ullekha kara denA caahie| lekhoM meM kahIM-kahIM maiMne zAbdika parivartana kiye haiM aura yahA~ taka ki tulanA karane aura mata-vibhinnatA kI ora dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie prati-saMdarbha jor3akara sAmagrI ko phira se vyavasthita kiyA hai| kisI vizeSa prazna para mata-vaibhinya kI sthiti meM maiMne apanI rAya vyakta kI hai, kintu aisI sthiti bahuta kama AyI hai| __ kahIM-kahIM maiMne svayaM hI kisI adhyAya ke kucha bhAga nikAla diye haiM kyoMki mujhe aisA pratIta huA ki vaha sAmagrI anya adhyAyoM ke upayukta hai| kucha anya viSayoM meM maiMne unheM vahIM rahane diyA hai, yadyapi ve anya kisI adhyAya ke yogya the| kahIM-kahIM maiMne lekhakoM dvArA preSita citroM ko nahIM rakhA hai aura unake sthAna para aise citroM kA prayoga kiyA hai jo unakI icchA ke anurUpa nahIM haiM2 kintu aisA bahuta kama hA hai| svaviveka se liye gaye ina sabhI nirNayoM ke tathA (aMgrejI saMskaraNa meM) chapAI kI jo bhI galatiyA~ raha gayI hoM unakA maiM uttaradAyitva letA huuN| kintu yahA~ maiM yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki maiM una sabhI vicAroM se sahamata hone kA yA unake sahI hone kA uttaradAyitva nahIM letA jo vibhinna lekhakoM dvArA vyakta kiye gaye haiN| lekhaka hI apane vivaraNa aura vicAroM ke lie uttaradAyI haiN| na hI merA isa graMtha ke hindI anuvAda se sambandha hai jise bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzita kara rahA hai| prastuta graMtha ke saMpAdana aura chapAI meM mujhe aneka vyaktiyoM se mitravat sahAyatA milI hai| isa sUcI meM sabase pahalA nAma zrI lakSmIcandra jaina, maMtrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kA hai jinhoMne yaha kArya mujhe sauMpA (yadyapi isameM vizeSa rUpa se samApana ke samaya aneka samasyAe~ AyIM aura aneka ciMtApUrNa 1 chapAI kI AvazyakatAoM ko dekhate hue isa pustaka ke chapate-chapate yaha nizcaya kiyA gayA ki 600 I0 se 1000 I0 kI avadhi meM dakSiNa bhArata saMbaMdhI adhyAya pahale khaNDa se nikAlakara dUsare khaNDa meM chApA jAye / 2 pahale to adhyAyoM kI TAipa kI huI prati saMbaMdhita lekhaka ko anumodana ke lie bhejI jAtI rahI kintu bAda meM samaya kI kamI ke kAraNa aisA karate rahanA saMbhava nahIM ho skaa| 12

Page #43
adhyAya 1] saMpAdaka kA abhimata paristhitiyA~ bhI aayiiN)| mujhe isa bAta kI aura bhI prasannatA hai ki unhoMne sadA hI saujanyapUrNa vyavahAra kiyA aura merI kaThinAiyoM ko smjhaa| unake sAtha kAma karanA mere lie sadA hI Ananda kA viSaya rahA; jisake lie maiM unheM hArdika dhanyavAda detA huuN| jJAnapITha ke zodha-vibhAga ke zrI gopIlAla amara aura zrI vIrendrakumAra jaina ne patra-vyavahAra meM hAtha ba~TAne, Avazyaka citroM ko turaMta chA~Tane aura AvazyakatA hone para vibhinna sthAnoM para tatparatApUrvaka A-jAkara mujhe atyadhika sahayoga diyA hai| saMskRta, prAkRta aura jaina vidyA ke vidvAn hone ke kAraNa zrI amara ne mujhe kucha takanIkI sahAyatA bhI dI hai| maiM ina donoM ko tathA jJAnapITha ke sahAyakoM evaM TAipakAroM ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ kyoMki inhoMne sadaiva hI merI sahAyatA kI hai| yaha ullekha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki una lekhakoM ke sahayoga ke binA, jinhoMne hamAre anurodha para apane lekha bheje, isa graMtha kA prakAzana hI saMbhava nahIM thaa| unake sahayoga ke lie maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| mere iNDoneziyA cale jAne para kucha adhyAya jaina itihAsa ke vidvAn DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina ko samAlocanA ke lie bheje gaye the| unhoMne jo samAlocanAe~ kRpApUrvaka kI thIM unameM se aneka kA upayoga AbhAra-pradarzana ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| unakI mahattvapUrNa rAya ke lie maiM unakA kRtajJa huuN| zrI kalambUra zivarAmamUrti, nidezaka, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, aura bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke adhikAriyoM se mere purAne saMbaMdha isa kArya ko gati dene meM sahAyaka hue haiN| zrI zivarAmamUrti aura sarvekSaNa ke mahAnidezaka zrI madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe ne prAraMbha se hI prastuta graMtha meM gaharI ruci pradarzita kI hai| sarvekSaNa ke do navayuvaka adhikAriyoM, zrI munIzacandra jozI, adhIkSaka, purAtatva, aura zrI brajamohana pANDe, upaadhIkSaka, purAtatva, ne sadaiva sahayoga diyA hai| zrI jozI ne mujhe aneka takanIkI samasyAoM meM sahAyatA dI aura zrI pANDe ne saMdarbho kA parIkSaNa kiyA aura yathAsaMbhava ekarUpatA lAne ke atirikta apUrNa vivaraNa pUrNa kiye haiN| sabhI saMdarbho kA parIkSaNa karanA unake lie saMbhava nahIM ho sakA kyoMki kendrIya purAtatva pustakAlaya meM saMbaMdhita zodha patrikAe~ aura pustakeM, vizeSataH jaina graMtha, upalabdha nahIM the| zrI pANDe kI sahAyatA yahIM taka sImita nahIM rahI / mere dvArA thor3A-sA saMketa karane para unhoMne tatparatA se prUpha-saMzodhana-kArya kA dAyitva le liyA aura isa prakAra ke graMtha ke zramasAdhya prUpha-saMzodhana-kArya ko bhI saphalatApUrvaka kara diyaa| sarvekSaNa ke phoTogrAphara aura mAnacitrakAroM ne sadaiva merI saharSa sahAyatA kI aura unase jo apekSA kI gayI vaha unhoMne pUrI kii| ve sabhI mere dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| maiM vizeSa rUpa se DaoN0 Ara0 campakalakSmI, asoziyeTa-prophesara, seNTara oNfa hisTorikala sTaDIz2a, javAharalAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya, kA ullekha karanA cAhatA hU~ jo isa graMtha se bAda meM saMbaddha 13

Page #44
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 hii| dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma saMbaMdhI apane viziSTa jJAna ke kAraNa unhoMne atyanta alpa samaya meM prastuta graMtha ke lie kucha adhyAya dakSiNApatha aura dakSiNa bhArata saMbaMdhI likha diye jo ki unake nAma se chape haiN| adhyAya-saMpAdana aura ina adhyAyoM ke lie upayukta citra DhUMr3ha nikAlane meM sahayoga dene ke lie ve na kevala tatparatA se taiyAra ho gayIM apitu unhoMne isameM merI sahAyatA bhI kii| maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| ukta kendra ke asoziyeTa-prophesara DaoN0 bI0 DI0 caTTopAdhyAya ne prapha-saMzodhana meM saharSa merA hAtha bNttaayaa| unheM bhI merA dhanyavAda / isa prastAvanA ke aMta meM maiM yaha nahIM bhUlUMgA ki mujhe bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke saMsthApaka zrI zAntiprasAda jaina, aura unakI dharmapatnI zrImatI ramA jaina, adhyakSA, jJAnapITha nyAsadhArI maNDala, ko vizeSa dhanyavAda denA hai| yadyapi unase merA vyaktigata saMparka kama hI rahA hai, to bhI maiMne sadA hI yaha anubhava kiyA hai ki isa yojanA ke mArga-darzaka aura preraNA-srota ve hI haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa yaha prakAzana saMbhava ho sakA hai| navambara 1, 1974 pramalAnanda ghoSa C. 2 DUOC TU SNONOVIEVE NOVOROVNOWNSVIVOMOVSVMMOMO 14

Page #45
adhyAya 2 pRSThabhUmi aura paraMparA jainadharma kI gaNanA bhArata ke prAcInatama dharmoM meM hai| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra yaha dharma zAzvata hai aura caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane-apane yuga meM pratipAdita hotA rahA hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha the aura caubIsaveM arthAt aMtima the, vardhamAna mahAvIra / unake nAma, varNa, cihna (lAMchana), anucara, yakSa evaM yakSiyA~ aura janma tathA nirvANa ke sthAna yathAkrama analikhita haiM :2 1. RSabhanAtha yA AdinAtha; svarNima, vRSabha, gomukha, cakrezvarI, vinItanagara, (digaMbara) kailAsa yA (zvetAMvara) aSTApada / 2. ajitanAtha; svarNima, gaja, mahAyakSa, (di0) rohiNI yA (zve0) ajitabalA, ayodhyA, smmedshikhr| 3. saMbhavanAtha; svarNima, azva, trimukha, (di0) prajJapti yA (zve0) duritAri, zrAvastI, sammedazikhara / 4. abhinandananAtha, svarNima, vAnara, (di0) yakSezvara yA (zve0) yakSanAyaka, (di0); vajrazRMkhalA yA (zve0) kAlikA, ayodhyA, sammedazikhara / sAnA ha. 1 pratyeka tIrthakara ke aMtarAla kI jaina paraMparAnusAra jo avadhi nirdiSTa hai vaha prAyaH avizvasanIya lagatI hai, vizeSa rUpa se taba jaba koI palya aura sAgara ke mApadaNDoM para vicAra kare. yaha saba likhane kA uddezya isa dharma kI nitAnta prAcInatA kI ora dhyAna dilAnA hai. jaisA ki isa tAlikA se prakaTa hogA, ye vividha pratIka adhikatara prANivarga aura vanaspati-jagat se liye gaye haiM. paraMparAnusAra mAMgalika mahattva ke svastika, zrIvatsa aura nandyAvarta bhI nitAnta prAcIna haiM. vaja ekamAtra aisI vastu hai jo indra ke sAtha nikaTatA se saMbaddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha yuddha ke upayoga meM AnevAlA eka astra bhI hai. ina pratIkoM se sarvAtmavAda kI mAnyatA kA, aura inameM cune gaye prANiyoM aura vanaspatiyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko rekhAMkita karane kA saMketa milatA pratIta hotA hai. inameM se ye kucha pratIka har3appA kI mudrAoM para bhI aMkita haiM, para itanI-sI samAnatA se koI niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sktaa| janma ke sthAnoM meM se, abataka ho sakI usakI pahacAna ke anusAra, sabase pazcima meM mathurA hai, aura sabase pUrva meM campA / aisA koI sthAna nahIM jo nizcita rUpa se madhya bhArata meM, dakSiNApatha meM yA dakSiNa bhArata meM sthita ho / nirvANa kA sthAna adhikatara sammedazikhara (hajArIbAga jile meM pArasanAtha pahAr3I) hai, neminAtha kA nirvANa kAThiyAvAr3a ke girinagara meM huA, kyoMki ve usa yAdava rAjavaMza ke the jo mathurA se pazcima bhArata taka phailA huA thA. 15

Page #46
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 5. sumatinAtha; svarNima, cakravAka, tumburu, (di0) puruSadattA yA (zve0) mahAkAlI, ayodhyA, sammedazikhara / 6. padmaprabha; raktima, kamalapuSpa, kusuma, (di0) manovegA yA manoguptA yA (zve0) zyAmA acyutA, kauzAmbI, sammedazikhara / ____7. supArzvanAtha; svarNima, (di0) svastika yA (zve0) nandyAvarta, (di0) varanandin yA (zve0) mAtaMga, (di0) kAlI yA (zve0) zAntA, vArANasI, sammedazikhara / 8. candraprabha ; dhavala, ardhacandra, (di0) vijaya yA zyAma yA (zve0) vijaya, (di0) jvAlAmAlinI yA (zve0) bhRkuTi, candrapurI, sammedazikhara / 6. suvidhinAtha yA puSpadanta; dhavala, makara, ajita, (di0) mahAkAlI yA (zve0) sutArakA, kAkandInagara, sammedazikhara / 10. zItalanAtha; svarNima, (di0) kalpavRkSa yA (zve0) zrIvatsa, brahmA yA brahmezvara, (di0) mAnavI yA (zve0) azokA, bhadrapura, sammedazikhara / 11. zreyAMsanAtha; svarNima, geMDA, (di0) Izvara yA (zve0) yakSeza; (di0) gaurI yA (zve0) mAnavI, siMhapura, sammedazikhara / 12. vAsupUjya; raktima, bhaiMsA, kumAra, (di0) gAndhArI yA (zve0) caNDA, campApurI, cmpaapurii| 13. vimalanAtha; svarNima, sUkara, SaNmukha, (di0) vairoTI yA (zve0) viditA, kAmpilyapura, sammedazikhara / 14. anantanAtha; svarNima, sehI, pAtAla, (di0) anantamatI yA (zve0) aMkuzA, ayodhyA, smmedshikhr| 15. dharmanAtha; svarNima, vajra, kinnara, (di0) mAnasI yA (zve0) kandarpA, ratnapurI sammedazikhara / 16. zAntinAtha; svarNima, hariNa, (di0) kiMpuruSa yA (zve0) garuDa, (di0) mahAmAnasI yA (zve0) nirvANI, (di0) hastinApura yA (zve0) gajapura, sammedazikhara / 17. kunthunAtha; svarNima, bakarA, gandharva, (di0) vijayA yA (zve0) balA, (di0) hastinApura yA (zve0) gajapura, sammedazikhara / 18. aranAtha; pIta yA svarNima, (di0) tagarapuSpa yA matsya yA (zve0) nandyAvarta, (di0) kendra yA (zve0) yakSendra, (di0) ajitA yA (zve0) dhanA, (di0) hastinApura yA (zve0) gajapura, sammedazikhara / 16

Page #47
adhyAya 2 ] pRSThabhUmi aura paraMparA 16. (di0) mallinAtha yA (zve0) mallI'; nArI, nIlA, kalaza, kubera, (di0) aparAjitA yA (zve0) dharaNapriyA, mithilA, sammedazikhara / 20. munisuvrata; zyAma, kacchapa, varuNa, (di0) bahurUpiNI yA (zve0) naradattA, rAjagRha, sammedazikhara / 21. naminAtha ; svarNima, nIlakamala, bhRkuTi, (di0) cAmuNDI yA (zve0) gAndhArI, mithilA, smmedshikhr| 22. ariSTanemi yA neminAtha; zyAma, zaMkha, (di0) sarvAhNa yA (zve0) gomedha, (di.) kuSmANDinI yA (zve0) ambikA, zauriyapura, girinagara / 23. pArzvanAtha; zyAma, sarpa, dharaNendra, padmAvatI, vArANasI, sammedazikhara / 24. vardhamAna mahAvIra; svaNima, siMha, mAtaMga, siddhAyikA, kuNDagrAma, paavaapurii| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM aMtima aura nAtaputta (nAtiputta) ke nAma se bhI prasiddha vardhamAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI pArzvanAtha the jinakA nirvANa mahAvIra ke nirvANa arthAt 527 I0 pU0 se do sau pacAsa varSa pUrva, sau varSa kI paripakva avasthA meM huA mAnA jAtA hai / vAstava meM, mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the (mahAvIrassa ammaoNpiyaro pAsAvacchijjA--AcArAMgasUtra) aura kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ne ThIka usI mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA jisakA upadeza unake pUrvavartI tIrthakaroM ne kiyA thaa| prAcInatama jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra ke teIsaveM adhyAya meM ullikhita pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI kezI aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyI gautama ke saMvAda se pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA prAyaH pUrNarUpa se siddha ho jAtI hai| cAturyAma dharma (cAujjAma dhamma) aura mahAvIra ke paMca mahAvrata (paMca sikkhiyo) kI maulika ekatA para bhI bala diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke I0pU0877 se 777 I0 pU0 taka ke jIvanakAla ke viSaya meM hameM nizcita AdhAra mila jAte haiN| pArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI meM, aura saba tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti, kSatriya rAjaparivAra meM huaA mAnA jAtA hai| pArzvanAtha ke jIvana vRttAnta se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne ahicchatta (barelI jile meM ahicchatra), Amalakappa (vaizAlI jile meM vaizAlI ke nikaTa), hatthiNAura (meraTha jile meM hastinApUra), kampillapura (pharrukhAbAda jile meM kampila), kosaMbI (ilAhAbAda ke nikaTa kauzAmbI), rAyagiha ( nAlaMdA jile meM rAjagira), sAgeya aura sAvatthI (goMDA-baharAica jiloM meM saheTha-maheTha) nagaroM kI yAtrA kI thii| pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa sammedazikhara (hajArIbAga jile meM sthita pArasanAtha pahAr3I) para huA / jahA~ vyavasthita rUpa se purAtAttvika utkhanana huA hai una vArANasI (rAjaghATa), ahicchatra, hastinApura aura kauzAmbI nagaroM kA itihAsa, vahA~ se prApta mRttikA-bhANDoM tathA bhUre raMga ke citrita miTTI ke bar3e baratanoM ke AdhAra para chaThI zatI I0 pU0 se kucha zatI pUrva taka nizcita rUpa 1 zvetAMbara paraMparA ke anusAra mallI ko nArI tIrthakara mAnA gayA hai. digaMbara ise asvIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki unake anusAra koI bhI nArI mukti ke lie sakSama nahIM hai, ve isa tIrthaMkara kA nAma mallinAtha mAnate haiM. 17

Page #48
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 se jA pahuMcA hai| isalie yaha saMbhAvanA bana par3atI hai ki ye sthAna pArzvanAtha ke kriyAkalApoM se saMbaddha rahe haiM / tathApi, jaba hama pArzvanAtha se pahale ke samaya kI bAta karate haiM taba eka-eka tIrthaMkara ke samayAMtarAla aura unake caritra-varNana ke saMbaMdha meM AkhyAnoM ke eka sAmrAjya meM hI pahuMca jAte haiN| paripuSTa paraMparA ke anusAra, bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi yA neminAtha kA janma andhakavRSNi ke jyeSTha putra samudravijaya ke zauriyapura (AgarA jile meM baTezvara ke nikaTa, saurIpura ke sthAnIya nAma se prasiddha) ke yAdava parivAra meM huA thaa| unakA ullekha mahAbhArata ke nAyaka kRSNa ke cacere bhAI ke rUpa meM huA hai / ina tIrthaMkara rAjakumAra kA vivAha girinagara (Adhunika jUnAgar3ha) ke zAsaka ugrasena kI putrI rAjakumArI rAjalamatI ke sAtha honevAlA thaa| kintu rAjakUmAra nemi ne vivAha kI vara-yAtrA ke samaya, vivAha-bhoja hetu kATe jAne ke lie lAye gaye pazuoM ko dekhaa| isa ghaTanA ne unake hRdaya ko saMtApa se bhara diyA aura unhoMne sAMsArika jIvana kA parityAga kara diyaa| mAnA jAtA hai ki unhoMne giranAra parvata para tapazcaraNa kiyA, kevala-jJAna prApta kiyA aura kaI varSa pazcAt nirvANa prApta kiyaa| pratIta hotA hai ki inhoMne jaina dharma ke prathama maulika siddhAMta ahiMsA para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA / yadyapi anuzruti yahI hai ki inakA saMbaMdha mahAbhArata AkhyAna ke kRSNa ke cacere bhAI ke rUpa meM thA, tathApi isa AkhyAnAtmaka saMdarbha ko eka nizcita bhASA meM kaha pAnA aura isakI aitihAsikatA siddha kara pAnA kaThina hai| itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki yadi isa paraMparA kA koI bhI AdhAra hai to neminAtha kA samaya pArzvanAtha ke samaya se pahale thaa| isase pUrva-sthiti kA vicAra karane para hameM jJAta hotA hai ki ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara naminAtha the| ve mithilA ke rAjA the aura upaniSatkAlIna dArzanika rAjA janaka ke parivAra ke the| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ne yaha sujhAva diyA hai ki isa AkhyAnAtmaka saMbaMdha kA kucha aspaSTa aitihAsika AdhAra rahA honA cAhie / inakA tarka agralikhita tathya para AdhArita hai : uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke nauveM adhyAya meM naminAtha ke vairAgya kA kathAnaka AtA hai| usI meM eka aisI mahattvapUrNa gAthA (6) hai jisase milatejulate padya bauddha mahAjanaka jAtaka meM aura mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhI hai : (1) suhaM vasAmo jIvAmo jesi me Natthi kiMcana / mihilAe dajjhamANAe na me dajjhahi kiMcana // (uttarAdhyayana) (2) susUkhaMvata jIvAmo vesaM no natthi kiMcana / mihilAe dahamAnAe na me kiMci adahyate // (jAtaka) (3) mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me kiMcana dahyate / (mahAbhArata) tathApi, vicAra aura abhivyakti kI samAnatA kA kSetra bahuta vistRta nahIM ho sakatA aura jo tarkasaMgata nirNaya nikala sakatA hai vaha yaha hai ki ye tInoM uddharaNa eka sAmAnya srota para AdhArita 1 tathApi, yaha ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kRSNa kI gaNanA vesaTha zalAkA puruSoM meM se nau vAsudevoM meM kI gayI hai. 2 jaina (hIrAlAla). bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna. 1962. bhopAla. pR 19. 18

Page #49
adhyAya 2 ] pRSThabhUmi aura paraMparA haiM tathA unase eka aise rAjA kA paricaya milatA hai jo tyAga (vairAgya) kA jIvaMta udAharaNa thaa| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke saMbaMdha meM paraMparAoM para vicAra karate hue DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina vaidika aura paurANika donoM saMdarbho kA ullekha karate haiN| vaidika paraMparA kA sarvaprathama ullekha Rgveda saMhitA ke dasaveM maNDala (2-3) meM milatA hai jisameM vAtarazana muniyoM ko malina (pizaMga) vastra pahane hue batAyA gayA hai yA phira unakA zarIra dhUli-dhUsarita hone se lagatA thA ki mAno unakA raMga hI pIlA (pizaMga)thA] / ina muniyoM ke viSaya meM Age kahA gayA hai ki ve unmAdita manaHsthiti meM rahate the aura mauna kA abhyAsa karate the| Age kI RcA meM una muniyoM ko kezI (jaTAjUTavAle) kahA gayA hai| vAtarazana yA kezI muniyoM ke isa vivaraNa se, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra, sAdhuoM ke eka aise varga kA saMketa milatA hai jinameM RSabhanAtha kadAcit sarvAdhika mahAn the| veda aura bhAgavata purANa meM varNita ina muniyoM kA vivaraNa jaina municaryA kI viziSTa prakRti aura prAcInatA ko samajhane ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| bhAratIya rahasyavAda ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA dete hue prAra0 DI0 rAnADe ne bhAgavata purANa skaMda 5 zloka 5-6 se eka anya prakAra ke yogI kA manoraMjaka prasaMga uddhRta kiyA hai jisakI parama videhatA hI usakI AtmAnubhUti kA spaSTatama pramANa thaa| uddharaNa yaha hai : 'hama par3hate haiM ki. apane putra bharata ko pRthvI kA rAjya sauMpakara kisa prakAra unhoMne saMsAra se nilipta aura ekAMta jIvana bitAne kA nizcaya kiyA; kaise unhoMne eka aMdhe, bahare yA gUMge manuSya kA jIvana bitAnA prAraMbha kiyA; kisa prakAra ve nagaroM aura grAmoM meM, khAnoM aura udyAnoM meM, vanoM aura parvatoM meM samAna manobhAva se rahane lage; kisa prakAra unhoMne una logoM se ghora apamAnita hokara bhI mana meM vikAra na Ane diyA jinhoMne unapara patthara aura gobara pheMkA yA unapara mUtra-tyAga kiyA yA unheM sabhI prakAra se tiraskAra kA pAtra banAyA; yaha saba hote hue bhI kisa prakAra unakA dIpta mukhamaNDala aura puSTasugaThita zarIra, unake sabala hasta aura musakarAte hoMTha rAjakIya antaHpura kI mahilAoM ko AkRSTa karate the; ve apane zarIra se kisa sImA taka nirmoha the ki ve usI sthAna para malatyAga kara dete jahA~ ve bhojana karate, tathApi, unakA mala kitanA sugaMdhita thA ki usake dasa mIla AsapAsa kA kSetra usase suvAsita ho uThatA ; kitanA aTala adhikAra thA unakA upaniSadoM meM varNita sukha kI sabhI avasthAoM para; kaise unhoMne aMtatogatvA saMkalpa kiyA zarIra para vijaya pAne kA; jaba unhoMne bhautika zarIra meM apane sUkSma zarIra ko vilIna karane kA nizcaya kiyA usa samaya ve karnATaka tathA anya pradezoM meM bhramaNa kara rahe the; vahA~ digaMbara, ekAkI aura unmattavat bhramaNa karate samaya ve bA~sa ke jhuramuTa se 1 jaina, pUrvokta, pR 13-17. 2 rAnADe (pAra DI). iNDiyana misTisijma : misTisijma ina mahArASTra. 1933. pUnA. pR 9. 19

Page #50
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 utpanna bhISaNa dAvAnala kI lapaToM meM jA phaMse the aura taba kisa prakAra unhoMne apane zarIra kA aMtima samarpaNa agnideva ko kara diyA thaa| yaha vivaraNa vastuta: jaina paraMparA ke anurUpa hai jisameM unake prAraMbhika jIvana ke anya vivaraNa bhI vidyamAna haiN| kahA gayA hai ki unakI do patniyA~ thIMsumaMgalA aura sunaMdA; pahalI ne bharata aura brAhmI ko janma diyA aura dUsarI ne bAhubalI aura sundarI ko / sunaMdA ne aura bhI aTThAnaveM putroM ko janma diyaa| isa paraMparA se hameM yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki RSabhadeva bacapana meM jaba eka bAra pitA kI goda meM baiThe the tabhI hAtha meM ikSu (gannA) liye vahA~ indra aayaa| ganne ko dekhate hI RSabhadeva ne use lene ke lie apanA mAMgalika lakSaNoM se yukta hAtha phailA diyaa| bAlaka kI ikSu ke prati abhiruci dekhakara indra ne usa parivAra kA nAma ikSvAku rakha diyaa| isa paraMparA se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vivAha-saMsthA kA prAraMbha sarvaprathama RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| kahA gayA hai ki asi aura masI kA pracalana bhI unhoMne kiyaa| kRSi ke prathama janaka bhI vahI batAye gaye haiN| brAhmI lipi aura syAhI (masI) dvArA lekhana kI kalA bhI unhIM ke dvArA pracalita kI gyii| yaha saMbhava nahIM ki jaina siddhAMtoM ke isa pAraMparika nirmAtA ke vyaktitva ko AkhyAnoM kA kuhAsA dUra karake prakAza meM lAyA jaaye| eka bAta pUrNatayA nizcita hai ki bhArata meM sAdhavatti atyaMta purAtana kAla se calI A rahI hai aura jaina municaryA ke jo Adarza RSabhadeva ne prastuta kiye ve brAhmaNa paraMparA se atyadhika bhinna haiN| yaha bhinnatA upaniSadkAla meM aura bhI mukhara ho uThatI hai, yadyapi sAdhuvRtti kI vibhinna zAkhAoM ke vikAsa kA tarkasaMgata prastutIkaraNa sarala bAta nahIM hai| rAnADe kA kathana hai ki isa mAnyatA ke pramANa haiM ki upaniSadkAlIna dArzanika vicAradhArA para isa vilakSaNa aura rahasyavAdI prAcAra kA pAlana karanevAle bhramaNazIla sAdhanoM aura upadezakoM kA vyApaka prabhAva thA. . . .jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, upaniSadoM kI mUla bhAvanA kI saMtoSajanaka vyAkhyA kevala tabhI saMbhava hai jaba isa prakAra sAMsArika baMdhanoM ke parityAga aura gRhavirata bhramaNazIla jIvana ko apanAne vAlI municaryA ke atirikta prabhAva ko svIkAra kara liyA jaaye| risa DeviDsa kA anumAna hai ki jina vaidika adhyetAoM yA brahmacAriyoM ne bhramaNazIla sAdhu kA jIvana bitAne ke lie gRhastha jIvana kA parityAga kiyA unake dvArA sAdhucaryA utane udAra mAnadaNDoM para gaThita nahIM kI jA sakI hogI jo mAnadaMDa jaina municaryA ke the| DyUsana ke matAnusAra paraMparA kA vikAsa isase bhI kama stara para isa prakAra ke prayatna dvArA huA hogA jisameM ki vyAvahArika paridhAna ko AtmajJAna jaise AdhyAtmika siddhAMta se jor3A gayA ho aura jisakA uddezya thA-(1) sabhI vAsanAoM aura unake phalasvarUpa saba prakAra ke nItiviruddha prAcAra kA saMbhAvita nirAkaraNa jisake lie saMnyAsa yA parityAga hI sarvAdhika upayogI sAdhana thA, aura (2) prANAyAma aura dhyAna-yoga ke yathAvidhi paripAlana se utpanna nirodha zakti ke dvArA dvata kI bhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa / niyamita pAzrama yA jIvana ke sarvamAnya vyavahAra ke rUpa meM jo 1 rAnADe (pAra DI) tathA belavalakara (esa ke). hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaphI : da krieTiva pIriyaDa. pUnA. pR400.

Page #51
adhyAya 2 ] pRSThabhUmi aura paraMparA pravrajyA (gRhavirata bhramaNa ) aura sAdhutva kA vidhAna hai usake paripAlana ke lie eka sAdhaka dvArA apanAye gaye abhyAsoM aura AdarzoM meM sarvathA parivartana kevala tatkAlIna AdhyAtmika upadeza ke phalasvarUpa yA anivArya tarkasaMgata pariNAma ke kAraNa nahIM A sktaa| isake sAtha-hI-sAtha saMbahulA nAnAtiTThiyA nAnAdiTTikA nAnAkhaMtikA nAnArucikA nAnAdiTThi nissayanissitA -- ( bar3e gaNoM meM calanevAle, vibhinna upadeSTAoM kA anugamana karanevAle vibhinna mAnyatAe~ rakhanevAle, vibhinna AcAroM kA pAlana karanevAle, vibhinna ruciyoMvAle aura vibhinna prAdhyAtmika mAnyatAoM para dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhanevAle) sAdhugaNoM ke tatkAlIna sAhitya meM jo bahuta-se nizcita aura niraMtara ullekha ye haiM unheM dekhate hue yaha socanA ucita hogA ki isa vizeSatA ke akasmAt sAmane Ane ke kucha jAne-pahacAne bahiraMga kAraNa bhI haiM / inameM se eka yaha hai ki Arya saMskRti ke mArgadarzaka sAmUhika rUpa se jaba pUrva dizA meM bar3he, taba ve kinhIM aisI jAtiyoM ke saMparka meM Aye jo kisI dUsare hI sopAna para khar3I thIM / isa dUsare mAdhyama se prApta kI gayI bhramaNazIla sAdhuoM kI saMsthA meM, svabhAvataH, isa kAraNa se kucha parivartana AyA hogA ki vaha AryoM kI AcAra saMhitA aura anuzAsana ke zeSa bhAga meM ghula-mila sake, kintu isa navodita saMsthA kI uttarAdhikAra meM prApta pravRtti kAlAMtara meM pratiSThApita mAnadaNDoM ko nakArane ke lie vivaza huI / yahA~ taka ki aise samaya jaba yaha saMsthA samAja se alaga-thalaga vana prAMtaroM yA parvata kaMdarAoM meM raha rahI thI, usane darzana kA upadeza ghara-ghara jAkara denA AraMbha kara diyA aura paraMparA se paricita zikSita varga se apanA saMparka nyUnatara kara liyA, jisake phalasvarUpa vibhinna mAnyatAoM aura ruciyoMvAle buddhijIviyoM meM nizcita rUpa se abhISTa parivartana aayaa| upaniSaduttarakAla ke adhyayana ke srota ke rUpa meM mAnya graMthoM arthAt jaina aura bauddha AgamoM tathA prAMzika rUpa se mahAbhArata meM aise vibhinna caityavAsiyoM, sAdhviyoM aura zramaNoM ke vizada prasaMga bhare par3e haiM jo saba prakAra ke viSayoM para bauddhika vicAra-vimarza tathA prAtmika anusaMdhAna meM saMlagna rahate the, pratyeka mukhya upadeSTA yA gaNAcArya adhikatama gaNoM yA ziSyoM ko AkRSTa karane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA thA kyoMki unakI saMkhyA usa upadeSTA kI yogyatA kI sUcaka mAnI jAtI thI / ' brAhmaNa sAdhuvRtti se sarvathA bhinna jaina munisaMgha kI svataMtra prakRti aura udbhava ko bhalI bhA~ti samajhane meM isa laMbe kathAnaka se paryApta sahAyatA milatI hai / zramaNoM kA yaha mArga sampUrNa nivRtti ( sAMsArika jIvana se pUrNatayA parAGmukhatA ) aura samasta anagAratva (gRhatyAgI kI avasthA ) tathA ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura brahmacarya kA samanvita rUpa hai / mana (manas ), zarIra ( kAya ), aura vANI ( vAc) ke saba prakAra se nirodha arthAt trigupti kI dhAraNA se sAdhutva kA Adarza isa sImA taka adhika nikhara uThatA hai ki vaha niraMtara upavAsa (saMlekhanA ) meM pratiphalita ho jAtA hai, jisakA vidhAna isa dharma ke atirikta kisI anya dharma meM nahIM hai / jaina sAdhutva ke aise hI advitIya prAcAroM meM AlocanA arthAt apane pApoM kI svIkArokti aura pratikramaNa arthAt pApoM ke parizodhana kA nityakarma ullekhanIya haiM / jaina sAdhutva kA eka aura advitIya AcAra hai, kAyotsarga mudrA meM tapazcaraNa - jisameM sAdhu isa prakAra khar3A rahatA hai ki usake hAtha yA bhujAe~ zArIrika anubhUti se asaMpRkta ho jAte haiM / yaha mudrA, 11 21

Page #52
prAstAvika bhAga 1 kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, har3appA se prApta eka mudrA ( rekhAcitra 1 ) para aMkita hai, jisapara Upara kI paMkti meM eka sAdhu vana meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3A hai aura eka baila ke pAsa baiThA eka gRhasthazrAvaka usakI pUjA kara rahA hai, aura nIce kI paMkti meM sAta prAkRtiyA~, tathokta kAyotsarga mudrA meM rekhAcitra 1 mohana-jo-dar3o selakhar3I meM ukerI mudrA khar3I haiN| isa samIkaraNa se har3appAkAla meM jaina dharma ke astitva kA saMketa milatA hai / anya vidvAnoM ne tathAkathita pazupativAlI prasiddha mudrA kA eka tIrthaMkara ( kadAcit RSabhanAtha ) se samIkaraNa hone kA saMketa kiyA hai / isa prakAra ke 'samIkaraNa' aMtima nahIM mAne jA sakate jabataka ki ina mudrAoM para aMkita lipi ko par3ha nahIM liyA jAtA / (M) aMta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa sAdhutva kI paraMparA nissaMdeha atyanta prAcIna hai kintu anya aneka bhramaNazIla sAdhuoM ke matoM se bhinna jaina mata kI vyavasthita AcAra-saMhitA pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI hI dena hai / jaina purANoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke vidhAna se yaha abhISTa hai ki tapazcaraNa ke isa siddhAMta ke AraMbhika yA samakAlIna bhASyakAroM kA smaraNa rahe aura unakI mahimA bar3he tathA sAtha hI jaina dharma kI sanAtanatA sthApita rahe / isalie pArvaznAtha se pahale ke tIrthaMkaroM kI samaya-sImA kI yathAvat mAnyatA yA unakI aitihAsikatA, hamAre vartamAna jJAna kI parisImA ke kAraNa avyavahArya hogI / 22 madhusUdana narahara dezapANDe

Page #53
adhyAya 3 jaina dharma kA prasAra mahAvIra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke madhya DhAI sau varSa laMbe aMtarAla meM jaina dharma ke prasAra athavA usakI sthiti ke viSaya meM prAyaH koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| sUtrakRtAMga" se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa avadhi meM 363 mata-matAMtaroM kA udaya huA thA paraMtu yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki ina vicAradhArAoM kA jaina dharma ke sAtha kitanA aura kyA saMbaMdha thA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke nirvANoparAMta usa kAla meM aisA koI ullekhanIya vyaktitva sAmane nahIM AyA jo jainadharma ko punaHsaMgaThita kara usakA prasAra kara paataa| kintu, mahAvIra ne isa paristhiti meM parivartana lA diyA aura apane caritra, dUradarzitA evaM kriyAzIlatA ke bala para jaina dharma ko saMgaThita kara unhoMne usakA prasAra kiyaa| mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI ke eka upanagara kuNDagrAma meM huA thA jo aba basukuNDa kahalAtA hai| unakI mAtA prasiddha vaizAlI nagara (uttara bihAra ke vaizAlI jile meM Adhunika basAr3ha) meM janamI thiiN| mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvA meM hA, jisakI pahacAna vartamAna paTanA jilAMtargata pAvApurI ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIra bihAra se ghaniSThatama rUpa se saMbaddha rhe| mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta suvidita hai| unhoMne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gRhatyAga kiyA thaa| usake uparAMta bAraha varSa taka tapasyA kI aura tatpazcAt tIsa varSa paryaMta vihAra karake dharma-pracAra kiyaa| unake nirvANa kI paraMparAmAnya tithi IsA-pUrva 527 hai| vaise kucha vidvAna isa tithi ko IsApUrva 467 mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa ke apane dharma-pracAra-kAla meM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para niraMtara bhramaNa kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne aneka sthAnoM kA bhramaNa karake dharma kA pracAra kiyA, jo isa bAta kA bhI sUcaka hai ki unakA prabhAva kitane kSetroM meM vyApta thaa| ye sthAna haiM : pAlavI 1 jaina sUtrAja. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra. bhAga 2. anuH haramana jekobI. sekreDa buksa praoNpha da IsTa.45. 1895. praoNksaphorDa. pR 315, TIkA pR208 tathA paravartI.

Page #54
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 athavA pAlaMbhika (zrAvastI aura rAjagRha ke madhya), asthikagrAma (vaizAlI se pAvA jAnevAle mArga para), bhadrika (vartamAna muMgera), bhogapura (pAvA aura vaizAlI ke madhya), caMpA (bhAgalapura ke nikaTa caMpAnagara athavA caMpApura), coragasaMniveza (baMgAla sthita choreya), daDhabhUmi (siMhabhUma jile meM dala bhUma), jaMbusaNDa (pAvApurI ke nikaTa), kajaMgala (saMthAla paraganA meM kaMkajora), kauzAMbI (ilAhAbAda ke nikaTa kosama), rADhA (pazcima baMgAla), lohaggalA (rA~cI jile meM lohAraDAgA), madhyamapAvA (pAvApurI), malaya (nirgaya-bihAra), mithilA (nepAla kI tarAI sthita janakapura), nAlaMdA (nAlaMdA jilA ), purimatAla (bihAra kA puruliyA sthAna, anya matAnusAra uttara pradeza kA prayAga, ilAhAbAda), rAjagRha (nAlaMdA jile meM rAjagira), zrAvastI (goMDA-baharAica jiloM meM saheTha-maheTha), seyaviyA (saheTha-maheTha ke nikaTa), siddhArthapura (bIrabhUma jile kA siddhanagara), subbhabhUmi (dakSiNapazcimI baMgAla kA suhama), suMsumArapura (mirajApura jile meM cunAra ke nikaTa), tosali (purI jile meM dhaulI), vArANasI evaM vaizAlI (bsaaddh')| katipaya anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra mahAvIra ne aura bhI kucha sudUra sthAnoM meM vihAra kiyA thaa| uparya kta sthAnoM ke atirikta, jinakI pahacAna saMbhava hai, mahAvIra se saMbaddha aise bhI kucha sthAna haiM jinakI sthiti nizcita nahIM kI jA sakatI / isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ne bihAra, pazcima baMgAla ke pazcimI jiloM tathA uttara pradeza ke pUrvI bhAgoM meM jaina dharma-pracAra kA prayAsa kiyA thA / ataeva aisA lagatA hai ki pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra donoM ke prabhAva-kSetra prAyaH abhinna rahe haiN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke aMtarAla meM kisI prakAra kI koI dhArmika arAjakatA rahI ho jisake kAraNa mahAvIra ne apanA jIvana usI kSetra meM jaina dharma ko punargaThita karane meM vyatIta kara diyA jahA~ pahale pArzvanAtha dvArA dharma-prasAra kiyA jA cukA thaa| mahAvIra ke anuyAyI paryApta saMkhyA meM rahe hoMge, yathA- caudaha hajAra muni, chattIsa hajAra prAyikAe~ tathA pA~ca lAkha ke lagabhaga zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ / aneka rAjA aura rAniyA~, rAjakumAra aura rAjakumAriyA~ unake bhakta the, kintu una saba kI aitihAsikatA pramANita karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM kucha vidvAn to yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki usa kAla ke prAyaH solaha mahAjanapada mahAvIra ke prabhAva-kSetra meM the, jabaki zrI ghaTage kA kathana hai ki 'paravartI jaina anuzruti jise paryApta aitihAsika samarthana prApta nahIM hai, tatkAlIna uttara-bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI rAjAoM se mahAvIra kA pArivArika saMbaMdha batAtI hai kyoMki unakI rAniyA~ una mahArAjA ceTaka kI putriyA~ batAyI jAtI haiM jo mahAvIra ke mAmA the| . mahAvIra ke katipaya pratidvaMdvI bhI rahe pratIta hote haiM jinameM se eka prabala pratidvaMdvI AjIvika saMpradAya kA saMsthApaka gosAla makkhaliputta thaa| vaha zrAvastI kA nivAsI thaa| paraMtu usake sunizcita 1 ghaTage (e ema). eja oNpha impIriyala yUniTI. saMpA : pAra sI majUmadAra tathA e DI pusAlakara. 1960. baMbaI. pR 415. eka anya paraMparA ke anusAra ceTaka mahAvIra ke nAnA the. 24

Page #55
jaina dharma kA prasAra dhadhyAya 3 ] prabhAva-kSetra kA nirNaya karanA duSkara hai / yaha to suvidita hai ki AjIvikoM kA astitva azoka ke samaya meM aura usake bhI uparAnta rahA / mahAvIra ke gyAraha mukhya ziSya yA gaNadhara the jinhoMne jaina saMgha ko upayukta rUpa meM anuzAsita rakhA thA / ye sabhI gaNadhara brAhmaNa the jo bihAra kI choTI-choTI bastiyoM se Aye pratIta hote haiM / unameM mAtra do gaNadhara rAjagRha aura mithilA - jaise nagaroM se Aye the / isase yaha punaH pramANita hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM jaina dharma kA prasAra, vistAra pazcima baMgAla aura uttara pradeza ke kucha bhAgoM taka hI sImita rahA / mahAvIra ke saMgaThana - kauzala tathA unake gaNadharoM kI niSThA ne jaina saMgha ko suvyavasthita banAye rakhA / kintu, mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI bahuraya tathA jIvapaesiya nAmaka do pRthak saMgha gaThita hue batAye jAte haiM / yadyapi unheM koI vizeSa samarthana prApta huA nahIM lagatA / aMta meM digaMbara - zvetAMbara nAmaka saMghabheda hI aisA huA jisane jaina dharma ke vikAsa krama, prasAra kSetra, municaryA aura pratimA-vijJAna ko prabhAvita kiyA / 1 mahAvIroparAMta kA sahasrAbda digaMbara- zvetAMbara saMghabheda ke prasaMga meM IsA pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kA ullekha milatA hai| paraMtu isapara carcA karane ke pUrva hama mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAMta tathA mauryoM se pUrva ke yuga meM uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kA lekhA-jokhA le leM / IsA pUrva kI cauthI zatAbdI meM hue nandoM ke katipaya pUrvajoM kA mahAvIra ke sAtha kucha saMbaMdha rahA pratIta hotA hai / anuzruti hai ki mahArAja seNiya bambhasAra (bimbisAra ) aura usakA putra kUNiya yA ajAtasattu (ajAtazatru) mahAvIra ke bhakta the / ajAtazatru ke zAsanakAla meM hI gautama buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa hue| kintu yadi mahAvIra kA nirvANa IsA pUrva 527 aura buddha kA 487 yA 483 meM huA mAneM to isa kathana ko siddha karane meM kaThinAI AtI hai / bauddha graMthoM meM isa nareza ke prati kI gayI nindA se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki isakA jhukAva jaina dharma kI ora thA / yahI bAta usake uttarAdhikArI udAyI ke viSaya meM kahI jA sakatI hai, jisake dvArA pATaliputra meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA gayA batAyA jAtA hai tathA jisake rAjamahala meM jaina sAdhunoM kA nirbAdha rUpa se AnA-jAnA thA / yadyapi pATaliputra meM ukta maMdira ke astitva kA koI purAtAttvika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi yaha saMbhAvanA hai ki isa nareza ke samaya meM yaha prasiddha rAjadhAnI jaina dharma kA kendra bana gayI thI / usake uttarAdhikArI nanda rAjAoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko alpAdhika saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA pratIta hotA hai / eka anuzruti ke anusAra navama nanda kA jaina maMtrI sagaDAla suprasiddha jainAcArya sthUlabhadra kA 1 vistRta vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : deva (esa bI ). hisTrI zraoNpha jaina maoNnakijma 1956. pUnA. pR 80 tathA paravartI.. 25

Page #56
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 pitA thaa| mudrArAkSasa nATaka meM varNana milatA hai ki jaina sAdhuoM ko rAjA nanda kA vizvAsa prApta thaa| saMbhavataH isIlie cANakya ne nanda ko rAjapada se haTAne ke lie eka jaina sAdhu kI sevAoM kA upayoga kiyA thaa| sAhityika sAkSyoM se kahIM adhika vizvasanIya IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI (kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra dvitIya zatAbdI) meM hue kaliMga ke zAsaka cetivaMzIya mahArAjA khAravela ke zilAlekha kA sAkSya upalabdha hai / isa abhilekha ke anusAra yaha nareza apane zAsana ke bArahaveM varSa meM kaliMga kI tIrthakara pratimA ko jise magadha kA nandarAja lUTakara le gayA thA, vApasa kaliMga le AyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki nandoM ke samaya taka jaina dharma kA prasAra kaliMga deza paryaMta ho cukA thA / vyavahArabhASya meM bhI rAjA tosalika kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jo tosali nagara meM virAjamAna eka tIrthaMkara-pratimA kI manoyogapUrvaka rakSA meM dattacitta thaa| nandoM ke uttarAdhikArI mauryavaMzIya rAjAoM meM se kaI jaina dharma ke prazrayadAtA rahe pratIta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha eka avicchinna jaina anuzruti ke anusAra candragupta maurya kA jaina dharma kI ora dRr3ha jhukAva thaa| anuzruti hai ki bhadrabAhu nAmaka suprasiddha jainAcArya ne candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM magadha meM dvAdaza varSIya durbhikSa kI bhaviSyavANI kI thI aura vaha apane parama ziSya candragupta ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata kI ora vihAra kara gaye the tathA yaha bhI ki samrATa candragupta maurya ne sallekhanA vratapUrvaka samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa prasaMga se saMbaMdhita zilAlekhIya sAkSya san 650 jitanA prAcIna hai| candragupta ke samaya meM jaina muniyoM kI upasthiti ke samarthana meM kucha vidvAn candragupta kI rAjasabhA meM Aye yUnAnI rAjadUta maigasthanIja dvArA kiye gaye zramaNoM ke ullekha ko prastuta karate haiN| yadi hama zilAlekha meM ullikhita anuzruti ko, itanI paravartI hone para bhI, svIkAra karate haiM to usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM cauthI zatAbdI IsA-pUrva meM hI jaina dharma kA prasAra ho cukA thaa| candragupta ke uttarAdhikArI bindusAra ke viSaya meM jaina srota mauna haiN| bindusAra ke uttarAdhikArI azoka ke viSaya meM to yaha suvidita hI hai ki vaha bauddha dharma kA prabala pakSadhara thA / kadAcit isIlie jaina srota azoka ke viSaya meM pUrNatayA mauna haiM / kucha vidvAn azoka kI ahiMsApAlana viSayaka vijJaptiyoM aura sarvadharma-samabhAva kI ghoSaNA meM AvazyakatA se adhika artha nikAlane kI ceSTA karate haiN| ye to mAtra azoka kI naitika udAratA aura sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA ke paricAyaka haiM, kyoMki usane ye Adeza prasArita kiye the ki brAhmaNoM, zramaNoM, nigraMthoM aura AjIvikoM ko ucita sammAna aura surakSA pradAna kI jaaye| kintu, jaina graMtha azoka ke putra kuNAla ke viSaya meM, jo ujjayinI pradeza kA rAjyapAla thA, adhika vizada vivaraNa dete haiN| bAda ke varSoM meM usane apane pitA azoka ko prasanna karake unase yaha 1 aipIgrAphiyA karnATikA. 2. saMzodhita saMskaraNa. 1923. pR 6-7. iMskripzana 31. 26

Page #57
adhyAya 3 ] jaina dharma kA prasAra prArthanA kI thI ki rAjya use de diyA jaaye| kahA jAtA hai ki azoka ne kuNAla ke putra samprati ko madhya bhArata sthita ujjaina meM apane pratinidhi ke rUpa meM rAjA niyukta kiyA thA aura kuNAla ne kAlAMtara meM samUce dakSiNApatha ko vijita kara liyA thaa| azoka kI mRtyu ke uparAMta samprati ujjaina para aura dazaratha pATaliputra para zAsanArUr3ha rahe pratIta hote haiN| samprati ne jaina dharma ke prasAra meM prabhUta yoga diyaa| sAhityika sAkSyoM ke anusAra vaha pArya suhasti kA ziSya thA aura jaina sAdhuoM ko bhojana evaM vastra pradAna karatA thaa| yadi yaha satya hai to isakA artha hai ki IsA-pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI ke aMta taka jaina dharma madhya pradeza meM prasAra pA cukA thaa| samprati ko ujjaina prAMta meM jaina parvo ke mAnane tathA jina-pratimA-pUjotsava karane kA zreya diyA jAtA hai / bRhat-kalpasUtra-bhASya ke anusAra usane anda (A~dhra), damila (dravir3a), maharaTTa (mahArASTra) aura kuDukka (kor3agu) pradezoM ko jaina sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie surakSita banA diyA thaa| mauryakAla meM jaina dharma kA jana-sAdhAraNa para prabhAva thA, isakA samarthana paTanA ke nikaTavartI lohAnIpura se prApta jina-bimba ke dhar3a se bhI hotA hai / yadyapi samprati ko aneka jaina maMdiroM ke nirmANa karAne kA zreya diyA jAtA hai paraMtu Aja ina maMdiroM kA koI bhI avazeSa prApta nahIM hai jo isa tathya kI puSTi kara sake / prathama zatAbdI IsA-pUrva ke kaliMga-nareza cetivaMzIya khAravela kA ullekha hama pahale (pRSTha 26) kara cuke haiM, jo usa kaliMga-jina-bimba ko punaH apanI rAjadhAnI (kaliMga) meM le AyA thA jise lUTakara nandarAja magadha le gayA thaa| ur3IsA meM bhuvanezvara kI nikaTavartI pahAr3iyoM meM sthita hAthIguphA meM prApta khAravela kA zilAlekha jaina dharma ke viSaya meM bhI prasaMgata: rocaka vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai / yaha zilAlekha arhatoM evaM siddhoM kI vaMdanA se prAraMbha hotA hai aura yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki khAravela ne cauMsaTha-akSarI saptAMgoM ko saMkalita karAyA thA jo mauryakAla meM naSTa ho gaye the| isase spaSTa hai ki khAravela jaina dharma ke sAtha sakriya rUpa se saMbaddha thaa| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai (pRSTha 25), jaina dharma ke samasta ninhavoM (bhinna matasaMpradAya) meM digaMbara-zvetAMbara matabheda hI gaMbhIratama thA kyoMki isI ke kAraNa jaina dharma sthAyI rUpa se do AmnAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| ukta matabheda ke janma ke viSaya meM digaMbara evaM zvetAMbaroM dvArA diye gaye kathAnakoM ke vistAra meM jAnA yahA~ adhika samIcIna nahIM hai, mAtra itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki digaMbara-grAmnAya ke anusAra candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ne jaina munisaMgha ke eka bhAga ko AcArya bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM dakSiNa-bhArata kI ora vihAra kara jAne ke lie vivaza kiyA aura jo muni magadha meM hI raha gaye the unheM khaNDavastra dhAraNa karane kI chUTa de dI gyii| ye arddha-phAlaka muni hI zvetAMbaroM ke pUrva rUpa the| isake viparIta zvetAMbaroM kA kahanA hai ki ziva 1 bRhat-kalpasUtra-bhASya. 3. 3275-89.

Page #58
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 bhUti nAmaka sAdhu ne krodha ke Aveza meM nagnatva svIkAra kiyA thaa| ataeva ina sAMpradAyika kathanoM ko svIkAra karane kI apekSA yaha kahanA adhika nirApada hogA ki usa kAla meM aise do vargoM kA astitva thA, jinameM se eka sthitipAlaka yA zuddhAcArI thA jo nagnatA para bala detA thA aura dUsarA zArIrika rUpa se vRddha tathA akSama jaina sAdhuoM kA varga thA jo pahale varga ke digaMbaratva kA samarthaka nahIM thaa| kAlAMtara meM yahI zuddhAcArI (jinakalpI) aura zithilAcArI (sthavirakalpI) sAdhu kramazaH digaMbara aura zvetAMbara saMpradAyoM ke rUpa meM pratiphalita ho gaye hoNge| jo bhI ho, yaha bAta yuktiyukta pratIta hotI hai ki ina donoM saMpradAyoM ke madhya matabheda dhIre-dhIre bar3hate gaye, jo IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga aMta taka rUr3ha ho gye| ujjaina se Age ke bhArata ke pazcimI bhAga IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM hI jaina dharma ke prabhAva meM A gaye pratIta hote haiN| sAhityika anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra samprati maurya ke bhAI sAlizuka ne saurASTra meM jaina dharma ke prasAra meM yoga diyaa| gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a ke sAtha jaina dharma kA paraMparAgata saMbaMdha bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke samaya taka pahu~catA hai jinhoMne kAThiyAvAr3a meM munidIkSA lI thii| isa prakAra prAyaH IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI taka kaliMga, avanti aura saurASTra jaina dharma ke prabhAva meM A gaye pratIta hote haiN| uttarakAlIna jaina sAhitya meM pratiSThAna - uttarI dakSiNApatha meM sthita vartamAna paiThana - meM zAsana karanevAle sAtavAhanavaMzI nareza sAlAhaNa yA zAlivAhana se saMbaMdhita kathAnaka pracura mAtrA meM prApta hote haiM / kAlakAcArya ne, jinakA paurANika saMbaMdha pazcimI bhArata ke zaka zAsaka ke sAtha rahA thA, zAlivAhana se bhI saMparka kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| hAla hI meM pro0 sAMkaliyA IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ke eka zilAlekha ko prakAza meM lAye haiM, jisakA prAraMbha, unake anusAra, eka jaina maMtra ke sAtha hotA hai / tathApi, sAtavAhanoM ke sAtha jainoM ke vyApaka saMbaMdhoM ke pramANa atyalpa hI haiN| sUdura dakSiNa meM siMhanandin dvArA IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga gaMga rAjya kI sthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma ne vastutaH rASTra-dharma kA rUpa prApta kara liyA thA / koMguNivarmana, avinIta tathA zivamAra jaise rAjA tathA unake uttarAdhikArI bhI jaina dharma ke parama upAsaka the, jinhoMne jaina maMdiroM, maThoM tathA anya pratiSThAnoM ke lie anudAna diye the| / jarnala praoNpha da bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI, 16; 1930; 29-31. 2 iNDiyama hisTaoNrikala kvATarlI. 16; 1940; 314. 3 svAdhyAya (gujarAtI jarnala), bar3audA.7,4; 419 tathA paravartI 4 ayaMgara (ke) tathA rAva (esa) sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma. 1922. madrAsa. pR 110-11./ vistRta vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya: kRSNarAva (ema vI). gaMgAja aoNpha talakADa, 1936. madrAsa. pU 204-05. 28

Page #59
adhyAya 3 ] jaina dharma kA prasAra gaMga rAjAoM kI bhA~ti kadamba rAjA (cauthI zatI I0 se) bhI jaina dharma ke saMrakSaka the| kAkutsthavarmana, mRgezavarmana, ravivarmana evam devavarmana ke zAsanakAloM ke zilAlekha kadamba rAjya meM jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA ke sAkSI haiN| ina abhilekhoM meM zvetapaToM, nigraMthoM tathA kUrcakoM (nagna tapasviyoM) ke ullekha haiM jo ki vibhinna sAdhusaMghoM meM saMgaThita rahe pratIta hote haiN| ye abhilekha devapratimAoM kI ghRta-pUjA jaisI katipaya prathAoM kA bhI ullekha karate haiM / / aise bhI kucha sAkSya mile haiM jinase vidita hotA hai ki sudUra dakSiNa ke katipaya ceravaMzIya nareza bhI jaina AcAryoM ke saMrakSaka rahe the| guerinaoNTa ne cola zAsanakAla ke kucha zilAlekhoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai jinameM jaina saMsthAoM ke lie bhUmi pradAna kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| ___ aba hama punaH madhya evaM uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kI sthiti para vicAra kreNge| aisI anuzruti hai ki IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ujjaina meM suprasiddha vikramAditya kA udaya huA thA jise prasiddha jainAcArya siddhasena divAkara ne jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| prasiddha kAlakAcArya kathAnaka se vidita hotA hai ki kisa prakAra ukta AcArya ne pazcima aura madhyabhArata meM zakarAja kA praveza karAyA thaa| isa prakAra yaha pratIta hotA hai ki madhya bhArata aura dakSiNApatha meM, jahAM jaina dharma kA prathama saMparka saMbhavataH candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM huA thA, jaina dharma kI pravRtti kinhIM aMzoM meM banI rhii| isakA samarthana hAla hI meM pUnA jile meM prApta IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke eka jaina guphA-zilAlekha se hotA hai| uttara bhArata meM mathurA jaina dharma kA mahAn kendra thaa| jaina stUpa ke avazeSa tathA sAtha meM prApta zilAlekha, jinameM se kucha IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI taka ke haiM, mathurA kSetra meM jaina dharma kI saMpanna sthiti kI sUcanA dete haiN| mathurA sthita kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se IMTa-nirmita stupa ke avazeSa, tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~, unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke aMkana se yukta mUrtikhaMDa, AyAgapaTa, toraNa tathA vedikA-staMbha Adi prakAza meM Aye haiM jo adhikAMzataH kuSANakAlIna haiN| vyavahArabhASya (5,27) ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mathurA meM eka ratnajaTita stUpa thA tathA mathurAnivAsI jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the aura ve apane gharoM meM tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kI pUjA karate the| matharA se prApta ye sAkSya jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke itihAsa meM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa haiN| anekAneka zilAlekha yaha tathya prakaTa karate haiM ki tatkAlIna samAja ke vyApArI tathA nimna varga ke vyakti bahata 1 vistRta vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : moresa (jaoNrja ema). kadambakula. 1931. bambaI. pR 254-55. 2 jaina eNTIkverI. 12, 2; 1946-47; 74. 3 guerinaoNTa (e).riparaTaoNyara da aipIgrAphie jaina. 1908. perisa. saMkhyA 167,171 tathA 478. 4 klATa (johansa). iNDiyana eNTIkverI. 11; 1882; 247 aura 251. 5 yaha sUcanA prophesara eca DI sAMkaliyA ke saujanya se prApta huI hai. 29

Page #60
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, kyoMki dAna denevAloM meM koSAdhyakSa, gaMdhI, dhAtukarmI (luhAra, ThaThere Adi), goSThiyoM ke sadasya, grAma-pramukha, sArthavAhoM kI patniyA~, vyApArI, nartakoM kI patniyA~, svarNakAra tathA gaNikA jaise vargoM ke vyakti saMmilita the| ina zilAlekhoM meM vibhinna gaNoM, kUloM zAkhAoM tathA saMbhAgoM kA bhI ullekha hai jinase jJAta hotA hai ki jainasaMgha sugaThita evaM suvyavasthita thA / tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka pratimAoM kI prApti se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki isa kAla taka mUrtipUjA pUrNarUpeNa sthApita evaM pracalita ho cukI thii| IsA san kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM saurASTra meM jaina dharma kI pravRtti kA anumAna, kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, jUnAgar3ha ke nikaTa bAbA-pyArA maTha meM pAye gaye jaina-pratIkoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha sAkSya pUrNatayA vizvAsaprada nahIM hai / kSatrapa zAsaka jayadAmana ke pautra ke jUnAgar3havAle zilAlekha meM kevalajJAna' zabda kA prayoga huaA hai, jo vastuta: eka jaina pAribhASika zabda hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki kAThiyAvAr3a meM jaina dharma kA astitva kama se kama IsA san kI prAthamika zatAbdiyoM se rahA hai| prophesara sAMkaliyA ne isa saMbaMdha meM vartamAna rAjakoTa jilAMtargata goMDala se prApta tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinakA samaya vaha san 300 ke lagabhaga nirdhArita karate haiN| isase Age kI zatAbdiyoM meM gujarAta meM jaina dharma kA prabala prabhAva rahA, yaha isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki valabhI meM do sammelana (saMgItiyA~) Ayojita hue the, jinameM se prathama cauthI zatAbdI meM tathA dvitIya pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM hue batAye jAte haiM, kintu ina sammelanoM kI tithiyoM ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| ___ isa prakAra yaha pratIta hotA hai ki IsA san ke AraMbha hone taka tathA usakI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM jaina dharma kA kAryakSetra pUrvI bhArata se madhya evaM pazcima bhArata kI ora sthAnAMtarita ho gayA thaa| uttara bhArata meM kuSANoM ke patanoparAMta gupta-zAsakoM ne brAhmaNa dharma ko punarujjIvita evaM saMgaThita karane meM sahAyatA dii| tathApi yaha mAnanA sadoSa hogA ki usa kAla meM jaina dharma kA gatyavarodha huA / yadyapi gupta-zAsaka mUlataH vaiSNava the tathApi unhoMne ullekhanIya dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricaya diyaa| aba yaha vidita hai ki prAraMbhika gupta-zAsaka rAmagupta ke samaya meM tIrthakara-pratimAoM 1 deva, pUrvokta, pR 101. 2 barjesa (jemsa). riporTa oNna di eMTIkviTIja praoNfa kAThiyAvAr3a aiNDa kaccha. AyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha vesTarna iDiyA, nyU iMpIriyala sIrIz2a. 1876. laMdana. / sAMkaliyA (eca DI). prAyaoNlaoNjI oNpha gujarAta. 1941. bambaI. pR 47-53. 3 aipInAphiyA iNDikA. 16; 1921-22; 239. 4 sAMkaliyA, pUrvokta, 1941, pR 233. 30

Page #61
adhyAya 3 ] jaina dharma kA prasAra kI pratiSThA haI thii| kumAragupta ke zAsanakAla meM utkIrNa udayagiri guphA ke zilAlekha meM pArzvanAtha kI pratiSThApanA kA ullekha milatA hai| mathurA ke eka zilAlekha meM eka zrAvikA dvArA koTTiyagaNa ke apane guru ke upadeza se eka pratimA kI sthApanA karAye jAne kA ullekha hai / kumAragupta ke utarAdhikArI skaMdagupta ke zAsanakAla se bhI saMbaMdhita isa prakAra kI sAmagrI prApta huI hai| kahAU~ staMbha ke lekha meM, jo ki san 460-61 kA hai, madra nAmaka vyakti dvArA pA~ca tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThApanA kA varNana hai / ina yatra-tatra bikhare sAkSyoM meM usa vivaraNa ko bhI sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai jo ki bA~glAdeza meM pahAr3apura se prApta tAmrapatra para utkIrNa hai aura budhagupta ke zAsanakAla kA hai / usameM eka brAhmaNa daMpati dvArA eka jaina vihAra kI AvazyakatAoM kI saMpUrti ke lie bhUmi-dAna kA ullekha hai| isa saMdarbha meM haivela kA yaha kathana uddharaNIya hai ki : 'gupta samrAToM kI rAjadhAnI brAhmaNa saMskRti kA kendra bana gayI thI, kintu jana-sAmAnya apane pUrvajoM kI dhArmika paraMparAoM kA hI pAlana karatA thA, aura bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM bauddha evaM jaina vihAra sArvajanika vidyAlayoM evaM vizvavidyAlayoM ke rUpa meM kArya kara rahe the| paravartI itihAsa uttara bhArata meM gupta-sAmrAjya ke patanoparAMta harSavardhana ke rAjyAraMbha taka kA itihAsa dhUmilasA hai / yadyapi harSa kA bauddha dharma se ghaniSTha saMbaMdha thA, tathApi jaisA ki jaina gRhasthoM dvArA bihAra ke jaina saMsthAnoM ko diye gaye dAnoM se jJAta hotA hai, jaina dharma ne isa kAla meM apanA astitva banAye rakhA / yoM usakI sthiti durbala hI rhii| harSa ke paravartI kAla meM jaina dharma ne rAjapUtAnA, gujarAta aura madhya bhArata meM prasAra paayaa| devagar3ha se prApta pratIhArakAlIna katipaya zilAlekha sana 862 ke lagabhaga vahA~ eka staMbha ke sthApita kiye jAne kA ullekha karate haiN| devagar3ha meM jaina maMdiroM ke eka samUha ke avazeSa tathA bar3I 1 phlITa (je epha). iMskripasansa praoNpha di alI guptA kiMgsa. korpasa iMskripznama iNDikerama. 3. 1888. kalakattA. pR 258. 2 aipogrAphiyA iNDikA. 2; 1894; 210. 3 phlITa, pUrvokta, pR 66-67. 4 aipIgrAphiyA iNDikA . 20; 1929-30; 59. 5 uddharaNa : deva, pUrvokta, pR 104 . 6 glAsenepa (eca vI). aura jainijmasa (gujarAtI anuvAda). pR 46. 31

Page #62
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 saMkhyA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ prApta huI haiN| jodhapura ke nikaTa prosiyA sa prApta vatsarAja (778812) ke zAsanakAla ke eka anya zilAlekha meM eka jaina maMdira ke nirmANa kA vivaraNa hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki pratIhAroM ke zAsanakAla meM jaina dharma sakriya rahA, yadyapi usake vaibhava ke dina bIta cuke the| nauvIM zatAbdI se buMdelakhaNDa kSetra ke zAsaka caMdela rAjAoM ke samaya meM jaina dharma apane lupta vaibhava ko punaH prApta karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| khajurAho meM AdinAtha, aura pArzvanAtha ke bhavya maMdira tathA ghaMTAI maMdira ke avazeSa isa tathya ke pratyakSa pramANa haiM ki isa kSetra meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyI vizAla saMkhyA meM the| dhaMgarAja, madanavarmana aura paramAddina ke zAsanakAloM ke bhI jaina dhArmika zilAlekha upalabdha haiN| vAstu-smArakoM tathA mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa tathA zilAlekha yaha siddha karate haiM ki nauvIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya mahobA, khajurAho, tathA anya sthAna jaina dharma ke mahAn kendra the| haihayoM (nauvIM se terahavIM zatAbdI) paramAroM (lagabhaga dasavIM se terahavIM zatAbdI), kacchapaghAtoM, (lagabhaga san 650 se 1125) aura gAhar3avAla rAjAoM ke (lagabhaga 1075 se san 1200) ke zAsanakAloM meM mAlavA, gujarAta, rAjasthAna tathA uttara pradeza ke bhAgoM meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka prabhAva rahA jaisA ki ina kSetroM meM sthAna-sthAna para pAye gaye anekAneka zilAlekhoM, pratimAoM aura bhagna maMdiroM se samarthita hotA hai / dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM mAlavA ke kucha paramAra rAjAoM, yathA siMdhurAja, muJja, bhoja aura jayasiMha ne anekAneka prasiddha jaina vidvAnoM evaM sAhityakAroM ko prazraya pradAna kiyA thA / AzAdhara jaise kucha anya labdhapratiSTha jaina vidvAn isI vaMza ke nareza arjuna varmana ke prazraya meM pallavita hue| paramAroM ke rAjya meM kaI jaina ucca padoM para bhI AsIna the| madhyakAlIna gujarAta meM rASTra kUToM (san 733-675) ke, aura vizeSakara caulukyoM (san 140-1266) ke zAsanakAloM meM jaina dharma ko prabhUta utkarSa prApta hA / rASTrakaTa-kAlIna kucha tAmrapatroM meM jaina saMgha ke kaI samudAyoM ke astitva kA ullekha hai; udAharaNArtha, karkarAja suvarNavarSa ke san 821 ke eka tAmra-patra-lekha meM senasaMgha aura mUlasaMgha kI vidyamAnatA kA tathA nAgasArikA (vartamAna navasArI) meM sthita eka jaina maMdira evaM jaina vihAra kA ullekha hai| caulUkya narezoM ke zAsanakAla meM zvetAMbara jaina saMpradAya ne gujarAta meM apanA dRr3ha prabhAva sthApita kara liyA thaa| isa vaMza kA zAsaka bhImadeva unakA sarvAdhika ullekhanIya prazrayadAtA thaa| 1 pAyAlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA riporTsa. 10. saMpA : elekjeMDara kaniMghama. 1880. kalakattA.pu 100-01 2 pAyAlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, vesTarna sakila. progresa riporTa, 1906-07. pR 15 tathA prA yAlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. enuala riporTa, 1908-9.pU 108. 3 epIgrAphiyA iNDikA. 21; 1931-32; 136-144. 32

Page #63
adhyAya 3 ] jaina dharma kA prasAra yadyapi vaha zaiva matAvalaMbI thA tathApi usane maMtrI vimala ko AbU parvata para prasiddha vimalavasahI maMdira ke nirmANa karAne kI anumati pradAna kI thii| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki rAjA jayasiMha kI suprasiddha jaina AcArya hemacandra se ghaniSTha maitrI thii| isa kAla meM zvetAMbara aura digaMbara prAcAryoM ke madhya zAstrArtha bhI hote the| jayasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla ne pAlitAnA, giranAra aura tAraMgA meM jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA vizeSa dinoM meM pazu-badha para bhI pratibaMdha lagAyA thaa| yaha kahanA atizayokti na hogA ki kumArapAla ke prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa gujarAta ke nivAsI Aja paryaMta bhI zAkAhArI haiN| kumArapAla ke uparAMta jaina dharma ke prati tIvra pratikriyA huI aura kahA jAtA hai ki usake uttarAdhikArI ne kucha jaina maMdiroM ko bhI dhvasta karA diyA thaa| kintu rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke samApta ho jAne para bhI pratIta hotA hai ki jaina dharma ko jaina maMtriyoM, vyApAriyoM evaM jana-sAdhAraNa kA bahata saMpoSaNa aura samarthana milatA rhaa| prAba, giranAra aura zatraMjaya parvatoM ke maMdiroM kA nirmANa baghele rAjAoM ke maMtriyoM dvArA karAyA gayA thaa| isa kAla ke aneka abhilekha sAkSI haiM ki isa samaya jaina dharma ko vyApaka lokapriya samarthana prApta thaa| madhyakAlIna rAjapUtAne ke zAsaka vaMzoM dvArA jaina dharma ko pradatta rAjyAzraya kA sAkSya isa kAla ke jainoM kI dAna-prazastiyoM se prApta hotA hai| madhyakAla meM pazcima bhArata meM jaina dharma ko jo protsAhana prApta huA usane eka sthAyI prabhAva chor3A jisake pariNAmasvarUpa gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM Aja bhI paryApta saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI vidyamAna haiN| pUrvavartI zatAbdiyoM meM dakSiNApatha meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kA jo alpa evaM aspaSTa sAkSya prApta hai, usakI apekSA bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM (san 535-757) ke kAla meM jainadharma kI sthiti meM vyApaka parivartana huA / sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ jaina dharma kI samRddha sthiti kA paricaya aneka zilAlekhIya sAkSyoM se prApta hotA hai / kolhApura se prApta tAmra-patroM aura bIjApura jilAMtargata aihole, dhAravAr3a jilAMtargata lakSmezvara aura adUra se prApta zilAlekhoM meM jaina maMdiroM ke nirmANa tathA unakI vyavasthA ke lie bhUmi ke anudAna diye jAne ke ullekha milate haiN| isake atirikta isa avadhi meM bAdAmI, aihole evaM dhArAziva kI guphAoM meM pAyI gayI jaina pratimAe~ aura pratIka dakSiNApatha meM jaina dharma kI upasthiti kI sUcaka haiN| mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUToM (san 733-675) ke zAsanakAla meM jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya bhI prApta rahA pratIta hotA hai / isa vaMza ke kaI rAjAoM kA jaina dharma ke prati atyaMta jhukAva rhaa| yaha 1 deva, pUrvokta, pR 116-17. 2 altekara (ananta sadAziva). rASTrakUTsa eNDa deyara TAimsa. 1934. pUnA . pR 272-74 33

Page #64
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 bhI kahA jAtA hai ki jinasena, amoghavarSa ( san 814 -78 ) ke guru the / usake uttarAdhikAriyoM kRSNadvitIya (san 878-914), iMdra tRtIya ( lagabhaga san 614 - 22) tathA iMdra- caturtha ( lagabhaga san 673-82) ne jaina dharma ko apanA prazraya diyA tathA jaina maMdiroM ke lie anudAna diye the / yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki rASTrakUToM ke sAmaMta, yathA sauMdatti ke raTTa, bhI jaina dharma ke prazrayadAtA the / elorA kI jaina guphAe~, jinake nirmANa kA samaya rASTrakUTa-kAla nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, dakSiNApatha meM jaina dharma kI saMpanna sthiti ke sAkSya prastuta karatI haiM / Age calakara jaina dharma ko kalyANI ke cAlukyoM (san 173 - 1200), devagiri ke yAdavoM (san 1187-1318) tathA zilAhAroM ( san 8 10-1260 ) ke zAsanakAloM meM aura adhika protsAhana prApta huA pratIta hotA hai / isa tathya kA samarthana mahArASTra ke dakSiNavartI jiloM tathA karnATaka ke vibhinna bhAgoM se prApta aneka abhilekhoM se hotA hai / kalyANI ke cAlukyoM ke bIsa se adhika abhilekha upalabdha jo dasavIM se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka ke haiM aura adhikAMzataH belagA~va, dhAravAr3a aura bIjApura jiloM meM pAye gaye haiM / ye abhilekha isa kSetra meM jaina dharma ke astitva kA sAkS prastuta karane ke atirikta kucha anya rocaka vivaraNa bhI prastuta karate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie, ye abhilekha siddha karate haiM ki isa kSetra meM digaMbara jaina dharma kA utkarSa thA; kevala zAsakavarga hI nahIM, zrapitu janasAdhAraNa bhI jaina dharma ke prati udAra the; aura vibhinna saMsthAnoM ko diye gaye vipula bhUmianudAnoM ne maThapatiyoM kI paraMparA ko janma dene kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra kara dI thI / kalacuriyoM ke zAsanakAla meM ( gyArahavIM se terahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha taka ), vizeSakara bijjala (san 1156-1168) ke samaya meM, jaina dharma ko durdinoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A / tathApi katipaya zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki zaivoM dvArA kiye gaye utpIr3ana ke hote hue bhI jaina dharma kisI prakAra apane ko jIvita banAye rakha sakA aura yAdavoM ke zAsanakAla ( san 1987 - 1318 ) meM apane astitva kI samucita rakSA saphala rhaa| kolhApura se prApta kucha zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma kI aisI hI sthiti zilAhAroM ke zAsanakAla meM bhI rahI / jaina AcAryoM ko diye gaye dAnoM kA ullekha karanevAle katipaya rAjyAdezoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki pUrvI cAlukyoM (san 624 - 1271 ) ke rAjya meM jaina dharma pracalita thA / veMkaTaramanayyA kA kathana hai ki jaina sAdhu atyaMta sakriya the / deza bhara kI dhvasta bastiyoM meM prApta parityakta pratimAe~ sUcita karatI haiM ki vahA~ kabhI anaginata jaina saMsthAna rahe the / pUrvI cAlukya rAjAoM aura unake prajAjanoM ke aneka abhilekhoM meM basadiyoM evaM maMdiroM ke nirmANa karAye jAne tathA unake paripAlana ke lie bhUmi evaM dhana-dAna ke vivaraNa prApta haiM / 2 1 deva pUrvokta, pR 121-22. 2 vaiMkaTaramanayyA (ena). IrsTana cAlukyAja oNpha beMgI. 1950. madrAsa. pR 288-89. 34

Page #65
jaina dharma kA prasAra adhyAya 3 ] isa rAjyavaMza kI yahI sthiti hosaloM (san 1106-1343) ke zAsanakAla meM thii| sthApanA kA zreya hI eka jaina muni ko diyA jAtA hai / batAyA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma eka laMbI avadhi taka niSkriya rahA thA, use prAcArya gopInaMdi ne usI prakAra saMpanna evaM pratiSThita banA diyA thA jaisA vaha gaMgoM ke zAsanakAla meM thA / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki isa vaMza ke vIra ballAla- prathama ( san 1101-06 ) tathA narasiMha - tRtIya ( san 1263-61 ) jaise kaI rAjAoM ke jaina dharma ke sAtha ghaniSTha saMbaMdha the / sudUra dakSiNa meM kumArila, zaMkarAcArya tathA mANikka vAcakAra jaise brAhmaNa dharma ke netAoM kA udaya hone para bhI kAMcI aura madurA jainoM ke sudRr3ha gar3ha bane rahe / utthAna - patana kI isa parivartanazIla prakriyA meM bhI sudUra dakSiNa aura dakSiNApatha sadaiva digaMbara jaina dharma ke gar3ha rhe| paraMtu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki zaiva dharma ke prabala virodha kA sAmanA karane ke kAraNa mrAThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaina dharma kA prabhAva zithila ho gayA thA / appara aura saMvandAra nAmaka zaiva saMtoM ke prabhAvAdhIna pallava ( cauthI se dasavIM zatAbdI), tathA pANDya ( lagabhaga tIsarI zatAbdI se 120 IsavI) rAjAoM ne jainoM kA utpIr3ana kiyA / dIrghakAloparAMta vijayanagara aura nAyaka zAsakoM ke kAla meM jainoM kA zaivoM evaM vaiSNavoM ke sAtha samajhautA huA, udAharaNArtha, bailUra ke beMkaTAdri nAyaka ke zAsanakAla ke san 1633 I0 ke eka zilAlekha meM halebiDa meM eka jaina dvArA zivaliMga kA uccheda karane kA ullekha hai| pariNAmasvarUpa eka sAMpradAyika upadrava huA, jisakA nipaTArA isa prakAra huA ki vahA~ pahale zaivavidhi se pUjA hogI, tadanaMtara jainavidhi se / " musalamAnoM ke Agamana ke phalasvarUpa bhArata ke sabhI dharmoM ko prAghAta sahanA pdd'aa| isameM jaina dharma apavAda nahIM thA / tathApi kaI aise udAharaNa haiM jaba kinhIM - kinhIM jaina AcAryoM ne vyaktigata rUpa se kisI-kisI musalamAna zAsaka ko prabhAvita kiyA, yadyapi aise udAharaNa gine-cune hI haiN| udAharaNArtha, yaha kahA jAtA hai ki muhammada gaurI ne eka digaMbara muni kA sammAna kiyA thA / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki alAuddIna khilajI jaise prabala pratApI zAsaka ne bhI jaina AcAryoM ke prati sammAna vyakta kiyA thaa| mugala samrAT akabara ko prAcArya hIravijaya ne prabhAvita kiyA thA aura unhIM ke upadeza se usane kaI jaina tIrthoM ke nikaTa pazu-badha para pratibaMdha lagA diyA thA tathA una tIrthoM ko kara se bhI mukta kara diyA thA / kucha aise bhI sAkSya upalabdha haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki jahA~gIra ne bhI kucha jaina yAcAyoM ko prazraya diyA thA yadyapi usake dvArA eka jaina adhikArI ko daMDita bhI honA epIgrAphiyA karnATikA. 2. 1923 iMskripzana 69. pR 31 aura 34 isa kahIM sudatta vardhamAna nAmaka jaina muni ko diyA gayA hai sAletore (vI e) rephareMsa va vijayanagara empAyara baMbaI. pU. 64-68. 2 epIgrAphiyA karnATikA. 5. 1902. belUra tAluka iMskripzana 128 192. 1 . 35 vaMza kI sthApanA kA zreya kahIMmiDIbala ani vida spezala

Page #66
prAstAvika par3A thA / " bhArata meM muslima zAsana ke saMbhAvita pariNAmasvarUpa paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga gujarAta ke zvetAMbara jainoM meM sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya kA udaya huA thA / usI avadhi meM digaMbara jainoM meM terApaMtha nAma kA vaisA hI saMpradAya astitva meM AyA / vartamAna meM bhArata ke anya bhAgoM kI apekSA pazcima bhArata, dakSiNApatha aura karnATaka meM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / jahA~ dakSiNI mahArASTra aura karnATaka meM digaMbara jainoM kI bahujalatA hai, vahA~ gujarAta meM zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka aura paMjAba meM sthAnakavAsiyoM kA prAbalya hai / jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM adhikAMzataH vyApArI evaM vyavasAyI haiM, ataH yaha samAja Arthika dRSTi se susaMpanna hai / isa samAja kI Arthika saMpannatA usake parva evaM pUjA - utsavoM tathA maMdiroM ke nirmANoM meM pratibiMbita hotI hai / ye pravRttiyAM Aja bhI vizAla stara para calatI haiM / jaina dharma ke prasAra ke uparokta vivaraNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma apane janmasthAna bihAra se bAhara kI ora phailatA to gayA kintu eka avicchinna gati ke sAtha nahIM, vividha kAraNoM se usakA pratiphalana dhArAoM yA taraMgoM ke rUpa meM huA / jaina dharma ne rAjyAzraya tathA vyApArI varga ke saMrakSaNa para mukhyatayA nirbhara rahane ke kAraNa apane pIche maMdiroM, maMdira- bahula- nagaroM, sacitra pANDulipiyoM, anaginata mUrtiyoM, tathA sAMskRtika kSetra meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kI adbhuta dharohara chor3I hai / 1 vistRta vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : deva, pUrvokta, pR 135-36. 2- 3 [jaina - mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya saMpA0 ] - MEMEME [ bhAga 1 WWW METEOFBBBB 36 zAMtArAma bhAlacaMdra deva

Page #67
adhyAya 4 jaina kalA kA udgama aura usakI AtmA jaina dharma kA uddezya hai manuSya kI paripUrNatA arthAt saMsArI AtmA kI svayaM paramAtmatva meM pariNati / vyakti meM jo antarnihita divyatva hai use svAtmAnubhUti dvArA abhivyakta karane ke lie yaha dharma preraNA detA hai aura sahAyaka hotA hai / sAmAnyataH isa mArga meM kaThora anuzAsana, AtmasaMyama, tyAga aura tapasyA kI pradhAnatA hai / kintu, eka prakAra se kalA bhI 'divyatva kI prApti kA aura usake sAtha ekAkAra ho jAne kA pavitratama sAdhana hai,' aura kadAcit yaha kahanA bhI atizayokti na hogA ki 'dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa kI upalabdhi meM yathArtha kalAbodha jitanA adhika sahAyaka hai utanA anya kucha nahIM / ' saMbhavatayA yahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM ne sadaiva lalita kalAoM ke vibhinna rUpoM aura zailiyoM ko prazraya evaM protsAhana diyA / kalAe~, nissandeha, mUlataH dharma kI anugAminI rahIM kintu unhoMne isakI sAdhanA kI kaThoratA ko mRdula banAne meM bhI sahAyatA kii| dharma ke bhAvanAtmaka, bhaktiparaka evaM lokapriya rUpoM ke pallavana ke lie bhI kalA aura sthApatya kI vividha kRtiyoM ke nirmANa kI AvazyakatA huI, ataH unheM vastutaH sundara banAne meM zrama aura dhana kI koI kamI nahIM kI gayI / jaina dharma kI AtmA usakI kalA meM spaSTa rUpa se pratibimbita hai, vaha yadyapi bahuta vividhatApUrNa aura vaibhavazAlI hai parantu usameM jo zRMgArikatA, azlIlatA yA satahIpana kA abhAva hai, vaha alaga hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / vaha sauMdaryabodha ke prAnaMda kI sRSTi karatI hai para usase kahIM adhika saMtulita, sazakta, utpreraka aura utsAhavardhaka hai aura Atmotsarga, zAMti aura samatva kI bhAvanAoM ko ubhAratI hai / usake sAtha jo eka prakAra kI alaukikatA jur3I hai, vaha prAdhyAtmika ciMtana evaM ucca prAtmAnubhUti kI prApti meM nimitta hai / vibhinna zailiyoM aura yugoM kI kalA evaM sthApatya kI kRtiyA~ samUce deza meM bikharI haiM, parantu jaina tIrthasthala vizeSa rUpa se, sahI arthoM meM kalA ke bhaNDAra haiM / aura, eka jaina mumukSu kA Adarza ThIka vahI hai, jo 'tIrthayAtrI' zabda se vyakta hotA hai, jisakA artha hai ' aisA prANI jo sAMsArika jIvana meM ajanabI kI bhA~ti yAtrA karatA rahatA hai / vaha sAMsArika jIvana jItA hai, apane karttavyoM kA pAlana aura dAyitvoM kA nirvAha sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karatA hai, tathApi usakI manovRtti eka ajanabI draSTA yA paryavekSaka kI banI rahatI hai / vaha bAhya dRzyoM se apanA ekatva nahIM jor3atA aura na hI sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM aura padArthoM meM apane Apa ko mohagrasta hone detA hai / vaha eka aisA yAtrI hai jo samyagdarzana 37

Page #68
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke trividha mArga kA avalambana lekara apanI jIvanayAtrA karatA hai, aura apanI AdhyAtmika pragati ke patha para tabataka bar3hatA calA jAtA hai jabataka ki vaha apane lakSya arthAt nirvANa kI prApti nahIM kara letA / vAstava meM, jaina dharma meM pUjanIya yA pavitra sthAna ko tIrtha (ghATa) kahate haiM kyoMki vaha dukhoM aura kaSToM se pUrNa saMsAra ko pAra karane meM mumukSu ke lie sahAyaka hotA hai aura niraMtara janma-maraNa ke usa bhramaNa se mukta hone meM bhI sahAyatA detA hai jo isa sahAyatA ke binA kabhI miTa nahIM sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina tIrthayAtrA kA vAstavika uddezya AtmotkarSa hai / kadAcit isIlie jainoM ne apane tIrthakSetroM ke lie jina sthAnoM ko cunA, ve parvatoM kI coTiyoM para yA nirjana aura ekAMta ghATiyoM meM jo janapadoM aura bhautikatA se grasita sAMsArika jIvana kI ApAdhApI se bhI dUra, hare-bhare prAkRtika dRzyoM tathA zAMta maidAnoM ke madhya sthita haiM, aura jo ekAgra dhyAna aura prAtmika ciMtana meM sahAyaka evaM utpreraka hote haiM / aise sthAna ke niraMtara punIta saMsarga se eka atirikta nirmalatA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura vAtAvaraNa AdhyAtmikatA, alaukikatA, pavitratA aura lokottara zAMti se punarjIvita ho uThatA hai / vahA~ vAstu - smArakoM (maMdira - devAlayoM Adi) kI sthApatya kalA aura sabase adhika mUrtimAna tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ apanI anaMta zAMti, vItarAgatA aura ekAgratA se bhakta tIrthayAtrI ko svayaM 'paramAtmatva' ke sannidhAna kI anubhUti karA detI hai / Azcarya nahIM yadi vaha pAramArthika bhAvAtireka meM phUTa par3atA hai : 'calA jA rahA tIrthakSetra meM apanAe bhagavAna ko / sundaratA kI khoja meM, maiM apanAe bhagavAna ko / ' tIrthakSetroM kI yAtrA bhakta - jIvana kI eka abhilASA hai / ye sthAna, unake kalAtmaka maMdira, mUrtiyA~ Adi jIvaMta smAraka haiM muktAtmAoM ke, mahApuruSoM ke, dhArmika tathA smaraNIya ghaTanAoM ke; inakI yAtrA puNyavardhaka aura grAtmazodhaka hotI hai, yaha eka aisI sacAI hai jisakA samarthana tIrthayAtriyoM dvArA vahA~ bitAye jIvana se hotA hai / niyama, saMyama, upavAsa, pUjana, dhyAna, zAstra-svAdhyAya, dhArmika pravacanoM kA zravaNa, bhajana-kIrtana, dAna aura AhAradAna Adi vividha dhArmika kRtyoM meM hI unakA adhikAMza samaya vyatIta hotA hai / vibhinna vyavasAyoM aura deza ke vibhinna pradezoM se Aye AbAla-vRddha - nara-nArI vahA~ pUrNa zAMti aura vAtsalya se punIta vicAroM meM magna rahate haiM / yaha eka tathya hai ki bhArata kI sAMskRtika dharohara ko samRddha karanevAloM meM jaina agraNI rahe haiM | deza ke sAMskRtika bhaNDAra ko unhoMne kalA aura sthApatya kI agaNita vividha kRtiyoM se saMpanna kiyA jinameM se anekoM kI bhavyatA aura kalA - garimA itanI utkRSTa bana par3I hai ki unakI upamA nahIM milatI aura unapara IrSyA kI jA sakatI hai / yaha bhI eka tathya hai ki jaina kalA pradhAnataH dharmonmukha rahI, aura pratyeka pahalU kI bhA~ti kalA aura sthApatya ke kSetra meM bhI unakI vizleSAtmaka ki vairAgya kI bhAvanA bhI itanI adhika parilakSita hai ki paraMparAgata jaina kalA 38 jaina jIvana ke prAyaH dRSTi aura yahA~ taka meM nItiparaka aMkana

Page #69
adhyAya 4 ] jaina kalA kA udgama aura usakI AtmA anya aMkanoM para chA gayA dikhatA hai, isIlie kisI-kisI ko kabhI yaha khaTaka sakatA hai ki jaina kalA meM usake vikAsa ke sAdhaka vizuddha sauMdarya ko ubhAranevAle tatvoM kA abhAva hai| udAharaNArtha, mAnasAra Adi graMthoM meM aisI sUkSma vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiM jinameM mUrti-zilpa aura bhavana-nirmANa kI eka rUr3ha paddhati dIkha paDatI hai aura kalAkAra se usI kA kaThoratA se pAlana karane kI apekSA kI jAtI thii| kintu, yahI bAta bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharmoM kI kalA meM bhI vidyamAna hai, yadi koI aMtara hai to vaha zreNI kA hai| jaina mUrtiyoM meM jinoM yA tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ nissaMdeha sarvAdhika haiM aura isa kAraNa yaha AlocanA tarkasaMgata lagatI hai ki unake prAyaH eka-jaisI hone ke kAraNa kalAkAra ko apanI pratibhA ke pradarzana kA avasara kama mila skaa| para inameM bhI aneka mUrtiyA~ advitIya bana par3I haiM, yathA- karnATaka ke zravaNabelagola kI vizvavikhyAta vizAlAkAra gommaTa-pratimA, jisake viSaya meM hainarikha z2immara ne likhA hai : 'vaha prAkAra-prakAra meM mAnavIya hai, kintu himakhaNDa ke sadRza mAnavottara bhI, tabhI to vaha janma-maraNa ke cakra, zArIrika ciMtAoM, vyaktigata niyati, vAsanAoM, kaSToM aura honI-anahonI ke saphala parityAga kI bhAvanA ko bhalIbhA~ti caritArtha karatI hai|' eka anya tIrthaMkaramUrti kI prazaMsA meM vaha kahatA hai : 'mukta puruSa kI mUrti na sajIva lagatI hai na nirjIva, vaha to apUrva, anaMta zAMti se aotaprota lagatI hai|' eka anya draSTA kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara-mUrti ke viSaya meM kahatA hai ki 'aparAjita bala aura akSaya zakti mAno jIvaMta ho uThe haiM, vaha zAlavRkSa (zAla-prAMzu) kI bhA~ti unnata aura vizAla hai|' anya prazaMsakoM ke zabda haiM 'vizAlakAya zAMti', 'sahaja bhavyatA', yA paripUrNa kAya-nirodha kI sUcaka kAyotsarga mudrA jisase aise mahApuruSa kA saMketa milatA hai jo anaMta, advitIya kevala-jJAnagamya sukha kA anubhava karatA hai aura aise anubhava se vaha usI prakAra avicalita rahatA hai jisa prakAra vAyu-vihIna sthAna meM acaMcala dIpa-zikhA / / isase jJAta hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ 1 tulanIya : jitAtmanaH prazAntasya paramAtmA samAhitaH jJAna-vijJAna-tRptAtmA kUTastho vijitendriyaH / samaM kAya-ziro-grIvaM dhArayannacalaM sthiraH saMprekSya nAsikAgraM svaM dizazcAnavalokayan / yathA dIpo nivAtastho neGa gate sopamA smRtA yogino yata-cittasya yuJjato yogamAtmanaH / (bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 6, zloka 7, 8, 13 aura 19. ) prAjAnu-lamba-bAhuH zrIvatsAGaka: prazAnta-mUrtizca digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryohatAM devaH / (varAhamihira kRta bRhatsaMhitA, baMgalora, 1947, 58, 45.) zAnta-prasanna-madhyastha-nAsAgrasthAvikAra-dak sampUrNa-bhAva-rUpAnuviddhAGa gaM lakSaNAnvitam / raudrAdi-doSa-nimuktaM prAtihAryAGaka-yakSa-yuk nirmANya vidhinA pIThe jina-bimbaM nivezayet / ( AzAdhara kRta pratiSThAsAroddhAra, 63, 64. mAnasAra tathA anya graMtha bhI draSTavya.) 39

Page #70
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 una vijetAoM kI pratibimba haiM jo, z2immara ke zabdoM meM 'lokAgra meM sarvocca sthAna para sthira haiM aura kyoMki ve rAgabhAva se atIta haiM ataH saMbhAvanA nahIM ki usa sarvocca aura prakAzamaya sthAna se skhalita hokara unakA sahayoga mAnavIya gatividhiyoM ke isa meghAcchanna vAtAvaraNa meM A pdd'egaa| tIrtha-setu ke kartA vizva kI ghaTanAoM aura jaivika samasyAoM se bhI nirlipta haiM, ve atIndriya, nizcala, sarvajJa, niSkarma aura zAzvata zAMta haiN| yaha to eka Adarza hai jisakI upAsanA kI jAye, prApti kI jAye; yaha koI devatA nahIM jise prasanna kiyA jAye, tRpta yA saMtuSTa kiyA jAye / svabhAvataH isI bhAvanA se jaina kalA aura sthApatya kI viSaya-vastu aotaprota hai| kintu, dUsarI ora, indra aura iMdrANI, tIrthaMkaroM ke anucara yakSa aura yakSI, devI sarasvatI, navagraha, kSetrapAla aura sAmAnya bhakta nara-nArI, jaina deva-nikAya ke apekSAkRta kama mahattva ke devatAoM yA devatulya manuSyoM ke mUrtana meM, tIrthaMkaroM aura atIta ke anya suvikhyAta puruSoM ke jIvana caritra ke dRzyAMkanoM meM, aura vividha alaMkaraNa pratIkoM ke prayoga meM kalAkAra kinhIM kaThora siddhAMtoM se ba~dhA na thA, varana use adhikatara svataMtratA thii| isake atirikta bhI kalAkAra ko apanI pratibhA ke pradarzana kA paryApta avasara thA, prAkRtika dRzyoM tathA samakAlIna jIvana kI dharma-nirapekSa gatividhiyoM ke zilpAMkana yA citrAMkana dvArA jo kabhI-kabhI vilakSaNa bana par3e, jinase vipula jJAtavya tattva prApta hote haiM aura jinameM kalAtmaka sauMdarya samAyA huA hai| para, ina sabameM bhI kalAkAra ko jaina dharma kI zuddhAcAra nIti ko dhyAna meM rakhanA thA, isIlie use zRMgAra, azlIlatA aura anaitika dRzyoM kI upekSA karanI pdd'ii| jahA~ taka sthApatya kA prazna hai, prAraMbha meM jaina sAdhu kyoMki adhikatara vanoM meM rahate the aura bhramaNazIla hote the, ataH janapadoM se dUra parvatoM ke pArzvabhAga meM yA coTiyoM para sthita prAkRtika guphAeM unake asthAyI Azraya tathA AvAsa ke upayoga meM AyIM / yahA~ taka ki prAraMbha meM nirmita guphAe~ sAdI thIM aura sallekhanA dhAraNa karanevAloM ke lie unameM pAlizadAra prastara-zayyAe~ prAyaH banA dI jAtI thiiN| tIsarI | cauthI zatI IsavI se, janapathoM se haTakara bane maMdiroM yA adhiSThAnoM meM lagabhaga sthAyI rUpa se rahane kI pravRtti jaina sAdhuoM ke eka bar3e samUha meM cala par3I, isase zailotkIrNa guphA-maMdiroM ke nirmANa ko protsAhana milA / jaisA ki smitha ne likhA hai : 'isa dharma kI vividha vyAvahArika AvazyakatAoM ne, nissaMdeha, vizeSa kAryoM ke lie apekSita bhavanoM kI prakRti ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA / tathApi, jaina sAdhu apane jIvana se saMyama-dharma ko kabhI alaga na kara sake / saMbhavatayA yahI kAraNa hai ki ajaMtA aura elorA ke yugoM meM bhI, thor3I saMkhyA meM hI jaina guphAoM kA nirmANa huA, aura pA~cavIM se bArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke madhya aise lagabhaga tIna darjana mAtra guphA-maMdira hI nirmita kiye gaye, ve bhI kevala digaMbara AmnAya dvArA; zvetAmbara sAdhanoM ne pahale hI janapadoM meM yA unake samIpa rahanA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| 1 jimmara( hainarikha). philAsafIja praoNpha iNDiyA. 1951. nyUyArka , pR 181-82. 2 smitha (bI e). hisTrI oNpha phAina ArTsa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona. 1930. AksaphorDa. 9. 40

Page #71
adhyAya 4 ] jaina kalA kA udgama aura usakI zrAtmA maMdira sthApatya kalA kA vikAsa pratyakSataH mUrti pUjA ke pariNAmasvarUpa huA jo jainoM meM kama se kama itihAsa- kAla ke AraMbha se pracalita rahI | bauddha graMthoM meM ullekha hai ki vajji deza aura vaizAlI meM arhata-caityoM kA astitva thA jo buddha-pUrva arthAt mahAvIra pUrva kAla se vidyamAna the, (tulanIya : mahA parinivvAna - suttanta ) / cauthI zatI IsA pUrva se hameM jaina mUrtiyoM, guphA maMdiroM aura nirmita devAlayoM yA maMdiroM ke astitva ke pratyakSa pramANa milane lagate haiM / apane maMdiroM ke nirmANa meM jainoM ne vibhinna kSetroM aura kAloM kI pracalita zailiyoM ko to apanAyA, kintu unhoMne apanI svayaM kI saMskRti aura siddhAMtoM kI dRSTi se kucha lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA jinake kAraNa jainakalA ko eka alaga hI svarUpa mila gayA / kucha sthAnoM para unhoMne samUce 'maMdira - nagara' hI khar3e kara diye / mAnavIya mUrtiyoM ke atirikta, AlaMkArika mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM bhI jainoM ne apanI hI zailI apanAyI, aura sthApatya ke kSetra meM apanI vizeSa ruci ke anurUpa staMbhAdhArita bhavanoM ke nirmANa meM ucca koTi kA kauzala pradarzita kiyA / inameM se kucha kalA samRddha bhavanoM kI vikhyAta kalA-marmajJoM ne prAcIna aura AraMbhika madhyakAlIna bhAratIya sthApatya kI sundaratama kRtiyoM meM gaNanA kI hai / bahuta bAra, utkIrNa aura takSita kalAkRtiyoM meM mAnava-tattva itanA ubhara AyA hai ki vizAla, nigraMtha digaMbara jaina mUrtiyoM meM jo kaThora saMyama sAkAra ho uThA lagatA hai usakA pratyAvartana ho gayA / kalAkRtiyoM kI adhikatA aura vividhatA ke kAraNa uttarakAlIna jaina kalA ne isa dharma kI bhAvAtmakatA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai / jaina maMdiroM aura vasadiyoM ke sAmane, vizeSataH dakSiNa bhArata meM, svataMtra khar3e staMbha jainoM kA eka anya yogadAna haiN| mAnastaMbha kahalAnevAlA yaha staMbha usa staMbha kA pratIka hai jo tIrthaMkara ke samavasaraNa ( sabhAgAra ) ke pravezadvAroM ke bhItara sthita kahA jAtA hai / svayaM jina-maMdira samavasaraNa kA pratIka hai / jaina sthApatyakalA ke grAdya rUpoM meM stUpa eka rUpa hai, isakA pramANa mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se prApta huA hai / vahA~ eka aisA stUpa thA jisake viSaya meM IsavI san ke AraMbha taka yaha mAnyatA thI ki usakA nirmANa sAtaveM tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM 'devoM' dvArA huA thA aura punarnirmANa teIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM kiyA gayA thA / yaha stUpa kadAcit madhyakAla ke prAraMbha taka vidyamAna rahA / kintu, gupta kAla kI samApti ke samaya taka jainoM kI ruci stUpa ke nirmANa meM nahIM raha gayI thI / eka bAta aura, jaisA ki lAMgaharsTa kA kahanA hai, 'sthApatya para vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva kA yathocita mahattva samajhate hue hinduoM kI apekSA jainoM ne apane maMdiroM ke nirmANa ke lie sadaiva prAkRtika 41

Page #72
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 sthAna ko hI cunaa|'' unhoMne jina anya lalita kalAoM kA utsAhapUrvaka sRjana kiyA unameM sulekhana, alaMkaraNa, laghucitra aura bhitticitra, saMgIta aura nRtya haiN| unhoMne saiddhAMtika pakSa kA bhI dhyAna rakhA aura kalA, sthApatya, saMgIta evaM chaMdazAstra para mUlyavAn graMthoM kI racanA kii| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki jaina kalA aura sthApatya meM jaina dharma aura jaina saMskRti ke saiddhAMtika aura bhAvanAtmaka Adarza atyadhika pratiphalita hae haiM, jaisAki honA bhI cAhie thaa| 2 jyoti prasAda jaina 1 lAMgaharsTa (e eca ). hampI ruinsa. 1917. madrAsa. pR 99. 2 tulanIya : jaina (jyoti prasAda). jaina sorseja praoNpha va hisTrI praoNpha aizveTa iNDiyA. 1964. dillI. adhyAya 10./ jaina (jyoti prasAda).rilIjana eNDa kalcara praoNpha da mainsa (mudraNa meM ). adhyAya 8; aura prastuta graMtha ke vibhinna adhyAya. 42

Page #73
adhyAya 5 jaina kalA kI prAcArika pRSThabhUmi jaina kalA aura sthApatya kI AcArika pRSThabhUmi kA mUlyAMkana karate samaya yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jainoM ne pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM deza bhara meM kalA aura sthApatya kI kina vidhAoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| ina kSetroM meM jainoM kA yogadAna bhAratIya paraMparA kA eka abhinna aMga hI hai, tathApi jainoM ke dhArmika-AcArika mUlyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, isa yogadAna ko bhI adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA jA sakatA hai| lAkSaNika kalAoM ko hI leM to, jaina bhaMDAroM meM bahuta adhika mAtrA meM saMgrahIta pANDulipiyAM milatI haiN| vAstava meM, yadi unakI lipiyoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAye, to bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM lekhana-kalA ke vikAsa ko samajhane meM hameM bar3I sahAyatA milegii| vizeSakara pazcima bhArata meM aura thor3I-bahuta mAtrA meM dakSiNa bhArata meM ina pANDulipiyoM para sUkSma citrakArI kI gayI / dakSiNa bhArata kI kucha guphAoM meM citra banAye gaye haiN| meru, naMdIzvara dvIpa, samavasaraNa, mAnastaMbha, caitya-vRkSa, stUpa, Adi kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| jainoM ne kaI guphAoM kA bhI nirmANa karAyA hai, jo kisI samaya gahatyAgI muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie banAyI gayI thIM kintu inameM se kucha kAlAMtara meM guphA-maMdiroM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayIM jinameM tIrthaMkaroM, siddhoM, prAcAryo, sAdhuoM tathA yakSa-yakSiyoM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ huA karatI thiiN| isa prasaMga meM yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki kalA ke prati sAmAnyataH aura devatva, pUjana, pUjya evaM pUjA-sthaloM ke prati vizeSataH, jainoM kI manovRtti kyA rahI hai / jaina dharma isa pracalita dhAraNA meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA ki eka sarvocca zakti ke rUpa meM kisI aise Izvara kA astitva hai jisameM vizva ke sRjana kI zakti hai aura jo isa jagat ke sabhI prANiyoM ke bhAgya kA nirNaya karatA hai| isake viparIta jainoM kI Izvara sambandhI mAnyatA yaha hai ki dharma ke mArga kA anusaraNa kara jo bhI apanI unnati karanA cAhatA hai, usake lie Izvara eka sarvocca AdhyAtmika Adarza hai| hamameM se pratyeka kI AtmA anAdi kAla se karmoM ke baMdhana meM jakar3I huI hai / karma apanI prakRti, avadhi, utkaTatA aura parimANa ke anusAra apanA phala svataH hI dete rahate haiM / unake acche-bure phaloM ko bhogane ke atirikta anya koI upAya nahIM hai / Izvara kA isameM koI hAtha nahIM hotaa| jaina dharma meM devatva kI upAsanA koI varadAna prApta karane yA saMkaToM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie nahIM kI jAtI apitu isalie ki upAsaka 43

Page #74
prAstAvika [bhAga 1 apane meM una mahAn guNoM kA vikAsa aura upalabdhi kara sake jo ki paramAtmA meM pAye jAte haiM kyoMki vahI pratyeka prAtmA kI carama AdhyAtmika pariNati hai| tatvArthasUtra ke maMgalAcaraNa meM isa tathya kI bar3I acchI abhivyakti huI hai : mokSamArgasya netAraM bhettAraM karmabhUbhRtAm / jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM, vande tadguNalabdhaye / / jaina paMcaparameSThiyoM kI upAsanA karate haiN| ye paMcaparameSThI haiM-(1) arhat arthAt caubIsa tIrthakara; (2) siddha - muktAtmA; (3) prAcArya -- dharmaguru (sAmAnyataH prAcArya ke pratIkAtmaka citraNa dvArA jise sthApanA kahA jAtA hai); (4) upAdhyAya - zikSaka; aura (5) sAdhu - sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM se virata muni jinakI apanI-apanI vizeSatAeM haiM (dekhie : davvasaMgaha gAhA, 50-54) / inakA smaraNa karane aura inake prati apanI zraddhAMjali arpita karane ke lie vibhinna maMtroM yA akSaroM kA prayoga hotA hai (pUrvokta, 46) / ina parameSThiyoM ke nAmoM ke prathamAkSaroM se pavitra OM kA nirmANa hotA hai jisakI bar3I dhArmika mahattA hai| dharma kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para vAstava meM prathama do (parameSThiyoM) kI hI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| ina donoM meM mukhyataH prathama koTi ke aMtargata pAnevAle caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA kI jAtI hai| ina tIrthaMkaroM kI vistRta jIvaniyA~ bhI aneka tathyoM ko samAviSTa karate hue milatI haiN| inakI stuti meM aneka gAthAe~ racI gayI haiM jinameM unase koI varadAna nahIM mA~gA gayA hai| kintu jo bhakta ina gAthAoM kA pATha karatA hai vaha apane meM ina parameSThiyoM ke mahAn guNoM ko vikasita karane kI kAmanA karatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke prati bhakti prakaTa karane ke lie anuSThAna - aneka prakAra kI pUjAe~ Adi - kiye jAte haiN| ina sabakA uddezya hai dhArmika kriyAkalApoM dvArA Atmazuddhi aura aMtataH karmoM se chuTakArA pAnA tAki AtmA paramAtmA bana sake / jaina AcAra-zAstra kA uddezya rAga-dveSa, Asakti aura ghRNA, jinake dUsare rUpa cAra kaSAya krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha haiM, kA nAza kara AtmavikAsa karanA hai / inakA nigraha kara AtmA paramAtmapada kI prApti kI ora bar3ha sakatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vyakti apanI sarvocca Atmika sthiti kI ora paga bar3hAtA hai| mAnava jIvana ke cAra puruSArthoM meM dharma ko kAma aura artha kI tulanA meM adhika mahattva diyA jAnA cAhie kyoMki dharma hI vyakti ko mokSa kI prApti karAtA hai yA karmoM se mukti dilAtA hai| aura yahI to vyakti kA sarvocca lakSya hai| tIrthaMkara kI upAsanA kA artha hai aneka sadguNoM ko apanI pUrNa zakti aura niSThApUrvaka apane meM utAranA; yathA, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha tathA vrata-upavAsa aadi| ukta AcArika saMkalpanAoM meM se adhikAMza kI abhivyakti jaina kalA aura sthApatya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM huI hai| jaina kalA na kevala sauMdarya ke prati suruci - jisa sImA taka vaha usakA unnayana kara sakatI hai - ko pratibiMbita karatI hai, varan vaha mAnava kI Atmika vRtti ko bhI UMcA uThAtI hai evaM anya vyaktiyoM kA sammAna karanevAle mAnava samAja ke sadasya ke rUpa meM use aura bhI 44

Page #75
adhyAya 5 ] jaina kalA kI prAcArika pRSThabhUmi suyogya banAtI hai / bahudhA jaina kalAkRtiyA~ una mahAn saMkalpanAtroM kI pratIka hotI haiM jinase naitika bhAvanAeM vikasita hotI haiM / vaha kalAkRti kisa kAma kI jo koI naitika sIkha na de sake aura jo strI-puruSoM ko zreSThatara jIvana kI rAha apanAne meM sahAyaka na ho ? vAstava meM jaina kalAkRtiyoM kA uddezya hamArI prAtmika vRtti kA unnayana karanA, dhArmika mUlyoM kI ora prerita karanA aura jaina darzana kI dArzanika saMkalpanAtroM tathA usake AcAra-niyamoM ko mUrta rUpa meM prastuta karanA hai / ve mumukSu ko apane se tAdAtmya sthApita karane aura usa ucca prAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotI haiM jisake lakSaNa haiM- anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtavIrya aura anaMtasukha / jaina pANDulipiyoM meM, jinameM se kucha to tAr3apatra para aura anya kAgaja para likhI gayI haiM, bar3e parimANa meM sUkSma citrakArI kI gayI hai / hamArI sAMskRtika virAsata ke itihAsa meM samakAlIna vezabhUSA Adi tathA vibhinna kSetroM meM citrakalA ke kramika vikAsa ke pramANa ke rUpa meM to unakI mahattA hai hI, kintu jina prasaMgoM ko unameM citrita kiyA gayA hai ve dhArmika bhAvanA jagAte haiM tathA unakA AcArika mahattva hai / unameM citrita hai naMdIzvara dvIpa, ar3hAI dvIpa, loka svarUpa, tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita AkhyAna - - yathA, neminAtha kI barAta, tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke svapna, pArzvanAtha para kamaTha kA upasarga Adi, samavasaraNa, AhAra-dAna, gurU dvArA zAstrapATha ityAdi / unase jina kucha pramukha viSayoM kI sUcanA milatI haiM ve haiM - sva kI tulanA meM jagata kI vizAlatA, apane karmoM ke anusAra punarjanma kA siddhAMta aura satpAtra ko AhAra, zAstra Adi dAna karane jaise pAvana kartavya / zAstroM meM varNita upadezoM ko raMgoM ke mAdhyama se ina citroM meM dRzyarUpa meM utAra diyA gayA hai tAki dhArmika jana apane jIvana meM inakA prabhAva aura acche rUpa se grahaNa kareM / ve sabhI guphAe~ (cAhe ve alaMkRta citrAMkana yukta hoM yA unake binA ), jinameM se kucha ne kAlAMtara meM guphA maMdiroM kA rUpa le liyA, aura zilAlekha yukta niSidhi - cauka hameM jaina sAdhutroM ke saMyamita jIvana aura ukta zilAlekhoM meM varNita unake svecchayA mRtyuvaraNa yA sallekhanA kA smaraNa dilAte haiM / isa prakAra ke smAraka sAMsArika baMdhanoM ke prati anAsakti kI bhAvanA ko Adarza rUpa pradAna karate haiM / zravaNabelagola- jaise sthAnoM para utkIrNa zilAlekha una saMtoM, gRhasthoM aura gRhaNiyoM kI mahimA kA varNana karate haiM jinhoMne vihita paristhitiyoM aura avasthAoM meM dhArmika niSThApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kara anAsakti kI udAtta bhAvanA kA paricaya diyA / bhAratIya mUrtiyoM meM hameM atyaMta sAdhAraNa se lekara atyaMta kalAtmaka, alaMkAra vihIna se lekara alaMkRta tathA gaMbhIra se lekara raudra rUpavAlI aisI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM jo apane samaya kI sAmAjika-dhArmika bhAvanA tathA samRddha samAja kA pratibimbana karAtI haiM / prAyaH AraMbha se hI, jaina dharma mUrtipUjA se sambaddha rahA hai, yaha bAta yadi avazyaMbhAvI nahIM to svAbhAvika avazya thI / tIrthaMkara AdhyAtmika Adarza rahe haiM / unake mahAn guNoM ko mUrta rUpa dene aura unameM bhakti prakaTa karane, unakI ArAdhanA karane aura unake guNoM ko apane meM vikasita karane ke lie tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ banAnA sarala hI thaa| kAlAMtAra meM, yaha sAdagIpUrNa pratimA-pUjana ArAdhaka ke sAdhanoM ke anusAra atyanta 45

Page #76
prAstAvika [ bhAga 1 jaTila hotA gayA / ye mUrtiyA~ vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM, siddhoM, yahA~ taka ki AcAryoM, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM yA paMcaparameSThiyoM, yA nava-devatAoM yA naMdIzvara kI haiM yA ve sarvatobhadrikA (caumukhI mUrtiyA~), eka hI phalaka para AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha aura do anya tIrthaMkaroM kI haiM yA unameM zruta devatA (devI sarasvatI yA dvAdazAMga pratIka) yakSa aura yakSiyoM tathA kula-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ hotI haiM jinheM jaina dharma ke naye anuyAyI apane sAtha isa dharma meM lAye / siddha kI mUrti dhAtu ko kATakara banAyI jAtI hai aura nirAkAra hotI hai| yadi siddha kI koI mUrti banAyI bhI jAtI hai to usapara koI paricaya-cihna (lA~chana) nahIM hotaa| inake atirikta dharma-cakra, aSTamaMgala, pAyAga-paTa ke pratIkAtmaka bimba bhI prApta hote haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM sabase adhika mUrtiyA~ RSabhanAtha, caMdraprabha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, zAMtinAtha aura mahAvIra kI hotI haiM / paravartI zatAbdiyoM meM inake alaga-alaga cinha nirdhArita kiye gaye / RSabhanAtha kA cihna baila hai to neminAtha kA zaMkha aura mahAvIra kA siMha, aadi| ina mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA hetu kiye jAnevAle anuSThAnoM kA samyaka adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhie / vAstava meM, pratiSThA ke samaya mUrti kI tIrthaMkara ke pAraMparika jIvana ke anusAra pratiSThApanA ke lie 'sa eva devo jina bimba eSaH' sUtra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra nayI pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ke sabhI mahAn guNoM kI pratiSThApanA kI jAtI hai| tadanaMtara mUrti pUjA ke yogya ho jAtI hai / jaba hama pratiSThA ke anuSThAna ko dekhate haiM to hameM yaha anubhava hotA hai ki (garbhAdhAna se na bhI ho to) janma se lekara kevalajJAna (nirvANa na sahI) taka kA tIrthaMkara kA sArA jIvana hamArI A~khoM ke sAmane mUrta ho uThA hai / usa samaya hameM yaha anubhava hotA hai ki hama kisI patthara yA dhAtu ke Tukar3e kI pUjA nahIM kara rahe varan sabhI sarvocca guNoM se yukta tIrthaMkara kI hI pUjA kara rahe haiN| tIrthaMkara ke jIvana se ArAdhaka ko zikSA milatI hai| vaha usakI AtmA ko U~cA uThAtA hai aura ArAdhaka svataH hI karmoM se mukti pAne ke mahAn AdarzoM kA pAlana karane ke lie prayatnazIla ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI isa tathya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki kucha jaina mUrtiyA~ utkRSTa kalAkRtiyA~ haiM aura apane isa rUpa meM ve atirikta preraNA-srota haiN| tIrthakara mUrtiyA~, cAhe ve kAyotsarga mudrA meM hoM yA padmAsana, dhyAnAvasthA meM pAyI jAtI haiN| ve vItarAga mudrA meM hotI hai aura unakI bhAva bhaGgimA se zAMta rasa jhalakatA hai / vastutaH bhakta jaba zraddhA se apanA dhyAna isa prakAra kI mUrti para kendrita karatA hai taba vaha kama se kama una kSaNoM meM, usakI mUrtimatI vItarAgatA aura zAMtarasa kI bhAvanA meM lIna ho jAtA hai jo ki dainika jIvana meM durlabha haiN| keza-vinyAsa kI dRSTi se bAhubalI kI do prakAra kI pratimAe~ milatI haiM : gha gharAle bAloM vAlI unakI mUrti adhika pAyI jAtI hai aura vaha zravaNabelagolA ke gommaTezvara kI mUrti se milatI hai| paravartI kAla meM usakI zailI kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA aura Aja bhI kiyA jA rahA hai / gommaTezvara kI mudrA bhavya hai, mukha para vItarAgatA jhalakatI hai aura dhyAna kI mudrA to anukaraNIya hI hai| isa prakAra kI mUrti ke lie koI bhI vyakti kalAkAra kI prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM rhegaa| parama niSThAvAna bhakta ke mana para una guNoM kA bar3A prabhAva par3atA hai aura vaha unheM apane jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna kara sakatA hai| 46

Page #77
adhyAya 5 ] jaina kalA kI prAcArika pRSThabhUmi bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina maMdira dakSiNa, pazcima aura anyatra pAye jAte haiN| unakI zailiyA~ alagaalaga haiM aura unameM kalA sambandhI vibhinnatAe~ bhI haiM kintu jo bhI unameM bhaktipUrvaka jAtA hai, usa para unakA lagabhaga eka jaisA hI prabhAva par3atA hai| unameM se kucha - jaise zravaNabelagolA, halebiDu, devagar3ha AbU, rANakapura, Adi - maMdira to vAstukalA ke utkRSTa namUne haiM tathA zAMti aura anAsakti ke rUpa meM unakA naitika prabhAva hamAre mana para par3atA hai / prAbU ke maMdira ke sthApatya kI adbhuta utkRSTatA to maMdira meM pratiSThita jina-bimba ke zAMta prabhAva ko bhI tirohita kara DAlatI hai| jaina maMdira kA prayojana hI yaha hotA hai ki vahA~ baiThakara jaineMdra bhagavAna ke guNoM kA zAMti se manana kiyA jA sake aura ArAdhaka unakI ora svayaM unmukha ho ske| yaha bhAvanA maMdira ke nirmANa kI zailI se hI jAnata kI jAtI hai; garbhagRha, zukanAsikA, mukhamaNDapa Adi vAtAvaraNa ko garimA aura zAMti pradAna karate haiN| dakSiNa ke kucha maMdiroM ke sAmane pAyA jAnevAlA mAnastaMbha eka sundara staMbha hotA hai / utkRSTa kalAkArI se yukta staMbha ke zIrSabhAga kI catuSkoNa pIThikA para eka sarvatobhadra pratimA hotI hai jo pratIka hai isa tathya kI ki usake samakSa mAnava kitanA tuccha hai aura maMdira meM Ane para usakA ahaMkAra kisa prakAra dUra ho jAnA caahie| vAstava meM jaina kalA aura sthApatya kI AcArika pRSThabhUmi kA uddezya AtmA ko paramAtmA ke rUpa meM vikasita karanA aura bhaktoM ke mana meM pavitratA, zAMti, dhairya, anAsakti, dAnazIlatA, vidyAvyasana, aura zraddhAlu jIvana ke sAtha hI sAtha sAdagI tathA tyAga kI bhAvanA utpanna karanA hai| prAdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye AAD

Page #78

Page #79
bhAga 2 vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0

Page #80

Page #81
adhyAya 6 mathurA prAcIna itihAsa zUrasena mahAjanapada kI rAjadhAnI mathurA IsA-pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM eka mahattvapUrNa nagara thaa| IsA-pUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM naMda sAmrAjya ke udaya ke sAtha-sAtha yaha janapada saMbhavataH magadha sAmrAjya kA eka abhinna aMga bana gayA aura taba rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM mathurA kA astitva samApta ho gyaa| megasthanIja ne (lagabhaga 300 IsA-pUrva), jo naMda sAmrAjya ko parAjita karanevAle caMdragupta maurya kI rAjasabhA meM grIsa kA rAjadUta thA, methorA (mathurA) aura klAisoborA (kRSNapura)kA ullekha zaurasenI sAmrAjya ke do mahAnagaroM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai jo vizeSakara apanI kRSNopAsanA (grIka hirAklIja) ke lie vikhyAta the| mathurA kI samRddhi kA kAraNa kevala yahI nahIM thA ki vaha kRSNa kI janmabhUmi thI aura pariNAmataH bhAgavata dharma kA eka sudRr3ha gar3ha thI, apitu usakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki vaha eka aise rAjamArga para sthita thI jo ise vANijyika sArthavAha mArgoM ke sAtha jor3atA thaa| inameM se eka mArga to takSazilA aura usase bhI Age taka jAtA thA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vyApAra ke mAdhyama se mathurA meM apAra vaibhava umar3a par3A thaa| yaha nagara svadezI aura pazcima eziyAI donoM prakAra kI vibhinna paraMparAoM kA milana-sthala bana gayA thaa| pazcima-eziyAI paraMparAe~ vahA~ para dhura uttara-pazcima se hokara A rahI thiiN| isa vizvanagara meM jisa mizrita sabhyatA kA vikAsa huA vaha usake una AlaMkArika kalA-pratIkoM, vAstuzilpa evaM kalA se paryApta rUpa se spaSTa ho jAtI hai jo apanI samanvayI prakRti ke lie ullekhanIya hai / mathurA madhya deza ke una gine-cune sthAnoM meM se eka thA jinhoMne yUnAnI saMskRti kA prabhAva paryApta samaya pUrva grahaNa kara liyA thaa| jaisA ki gArgI saMhitA ke yuga-purANa-khaNDa se jJAta hotA hai, IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM hI, mauryoM ke mUlocchedaka puSyamitra zuMga (lagabhaga 187-151 IsA-pUrva) ke sattArUr3ha hone se kucha pUrva, mathurA ko yavana-aAkramaNa kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM mathurA zaka satrapAla rAjavaMza ke zAsakoM kA mukhyAlaya bana gayA, jinhoMne sthAnIya mitravaMzIya zAsakoM ko ukhAr3a pheMkA thA / kAlAMtara meM satrapAla rAjavaMza ko kuSANoM ne apadastha kara diyaa| kaniSka aura usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke zAsanakAla meM mathurA kI sthiti bahuta hI gauravapUrNa thI, jo na kevala ina zAsakoM ke zAsanakAla ke bahuta se zilAlekhoM se hI, jinameM aneka bauddha, jaina evaM brAhmaNya 51

Page #82
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 nimitiyoM evaM mUrtiyoM ke samarpaNa kI bAta kahI gayI hai, apitu kuSANa-zAsakoM kI citra-dIrghA ke nirmANa se bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kuSANa-zAsana ke patanoparAMta, matharA meM nAga rAjavaMza kI sattA huI, kintu caturtha zatI IsavI meM gupta-sAmrAjya ke udaya ke sAtha mathurA kA svataMtra astitva samApta ho gyaa| jaina paraMparA meM mathurA mathurA jaina matAvalaMbiyoM ke lie prAcInakAla se hI vizeSa rUpa se pavitra sthAna rahA hai| tathApi, yaha nizcita rUpa se jJAta nahIM hai ki jaina dharma ne mathurA kI bhUmi para kaba padArpaNa kiyaa| paravartI jaina dharmagraMthoM meM varNita anuzrutiyoM meM mathurAsthita jaina pratiSThAnoM ko atyaMta prAcIna batAyA gayA hai aura unheM aneka tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha saMbaddha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, jinaprabha-sUri (caudahavIM zatAbdI) ke matAnusAra, mathurA meM svarNa evaM maNi-nirmita eka stUpa thA, jisakA nirmANa devI kuberA ne sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha ke sammAna meM karavAyA thaa| dIrghakAla pazcAta, teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mathurA-yAtrA ke uparAMta, devI ke Adeza se isa stUpa para IMToM kA AvaraNa car3hAyA gayA aura usake pArzva meM pArzvanAtha kI eka prastara-pratimA pratiSThApita kI gayI / mahAvIranirvANa se teraha zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt bappabhaTTi sUri kI preraNA se isa stUpa kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA gyaa| vividha-tIrtha-kalpa meM mathurA ke zrIsupAzva-stUpa ko eka mahattvapUrNa tIrthasthala batAyA gayA hai| eka anuzruti meM mathurA ko ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI janmabhUmi batAyA gayA hai, kintu uttara purANa ke anusAra unakI janmabhUmi mithilA thii| vAsudeva-kRSNa aura balarAma ke sage cacere bhAI hone ke kAraNa, bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara harivaMzIya ariSTanemi (neminAtha) kA mathurA ke sAtha ghaniSTha saMbaMdha thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki unake pitA samudravijaya, jo vasudeva ke bhAI the, zauryapUra ke zAsaka | jinaprabhu-sari. vividha-tIrtha-kalpa. saMpA : jinavijaya. 1934. zAMtiniketana. pR 17 tathA paravartI./ smitha (viseNTa e). jaina stUpa eNDa pradara eNDikviTIja praoNpha mathurA. AyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, nyU iMpIriyala sIrIz2a. 1901. ilAhAbAda. pR 13./ zAha (yU pI ). sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa. pR9 tathA 62-63. 2 vividha-tIrtha-kalpa. pR 85. 3 bhaTTAcArya (bI sI). jaina AikaoNnaoNgrAphI. 1939. lAhaura. pR 80. 4 vahI, pR 79. 5 isa sthAna kA sAmAnyatayA eka prAcIna sthala ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA gayA hai. baTezvara (jilA AgarA) ke nikaTavartI isa sthAna ko surapura, sauripura, sUrajapura tathA sUryapura nAmoM se pukArA gayA hai; draSTavya : uttara pradeza DisTrikTa gajeTiyarsa prAgarA. saMpA : I bI jozI. 1965. lakhanaU. pR 22. kRSNa kA eka upanAma zauri bhI hai, ata: bI. sI.lA ne zauryapura yA zauripura kA mathurA ke sAtha hI tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA hai (jarnala praoNpha na rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla, laTarsa. 13; 1947; 21 aura 25). bI sI bhaTTAcAryam, ne isakA dvArakA ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA hai (pUrvokta, pR 81). 52

Page #83
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA the| vividha-tIrtha-kalpa se jJAta hotA hai ki neminAtha kA mathurA meM eka viziSTa sammAnanIya sthAna thaa| kuSANa aura kuSANottarakAla kI aneka mUrtiyoM meM isa tIrthaMkara ko kRSNa aura balarAma ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai| vivAgasUya se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra mathurA gaye the aura unhoMne vahA~ apane pravacana kiye the| apane isa mathurA-vihAra meM vaha saMbhavataH bhaNDIra-udyAna meM Thahare the jo sudarzana nAmaka yakSa kA pAvana sthala thaa| prAcIna jaina purAvazeSa ye paravartI sAhityika paraMparAe~ to abhI anya pramANoM dvArA siddha kI jAnI haiM, kintu purAtattvIya sAmagrI ke AdhAra para itanA nizcita hai ki IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI taka mathurA meM jaina dharma dRr3hatA se sthApita ho cukA thaa| isa kSetra meM aneka rAjanaitika parivartana hote rahe jinake pariNAmasvarUpa pahale to vahA~ raJjuvula aura zoDAsa (zoNDAsa) ke adhIna zaka satrapAla vaMza ke zAsana kI sthApanA huI aura aMtataH kuSANoM kA Adhipatya sthApita huA, kintu ina rAjanItika parivartanoM ke hote hue bhI jaina dharma kI yahA~ niraMtara abhivRddhi hotI rhii| kuSANoM ke zAsanakAla meM mathurA asAdhAraNa rUpa se vaibhavasaMpanna evaM janAkIrNa nagara ho gayA thA aura brAhmaNa, bauddha tathA jaina matoM kI samRddhi ke lie anukUla bhUmi siddha huaa| vastutaH kuSANakAla meM isa vizvanagara kI zilpazAlAoM meM sRjanAtmaka prakriyA apane caramotkarSa para jA pahuMcI, jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki yaha mahattvapUrNa dharmakSetra kalA evaM sthApatya kA eka urvara kendra bana gayA / vaizyoM, vizeSakara ati samRddha vyApArI varga kI dhana-sampatti kA jaina vAstu-smArakoM kI samRddhi meM atyadhika yogadAna rahA / isa varga meM zreSThI, sArthavAha, vANija, gaMdhika Adi sammilita the aura sAmAnya bhaktajanoM kI saMkhyA meM unakA pratizata bahuta U~cA thaa| yaha bAta vyApAra, vANijya evaM udyoga meM rata parivAroM ke samarpaNAtmaka abhilekhoM se pramANita ho jAtI hai / isake sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki kevala mathurA ke hI nahIM, apitu uttarI bhArata ke eka vizAla bhU-bhAga ke vibhinna matoM aura paMthoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne usa yuga ke kalAkAroM se kalA-kArya kI anavarata mA~ga jArI rkhii| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake pAsa apanI kRtiyoM para vizeSa dhyAna dene ke lie koI samaya nahIM baca pAtA thA aura unheM vivaza hokara yaMtravat vizAla stara para sarjana karanA par3A, jisakA unakI kalAtmaka pratibhA para pratikUla prabhAva pdd'aa| mUrtiyoM ko kevala rUr3higata rUpa hI nahIM diyA gayA apitu ve prAyaH nIrasa aura AkarSaNahIna rhiiN| prastuta avadhi kI mathurA kI kalA-zailI nizcaya hI mUla rUpa se bhAratIya rahI, jisameM madhya deza kI yugoM prAcIna kalA-paraMparA ke mUla aura pallavana tathA yakSoM kI purAtana mUrtiyoM aura bharahuta tathA sAMcI ke vaiziSTya kA yogadAna thaa| tathApi, uttara-pazcima 1 vividha-tIrtha-kalpa. pR 85. 2 vaidya (pI ela). vivAgasUya. 1933. pUnA. pR 45. 53

Page #84
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I. pU. se 300 I. [ bhAga 2 se prApta videzoM ke kalA-pratIkoM kA mukta rUpa se samAveza karane kI paryApta evaM vyApaka chuTa thI, jisakA uddezya aMzata: mizrita rucisaMpanna grAhakoM ko saMtuSTa karanA thaa| ise abhivyakti dene kA pramukha sAdhana thA cittIdAra lAla baluA patthara jise sIkarI, rUpavAsa aura tA~tapura jaise sthAnoM kI khAnoM se nikAlA gyaa| IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke madhya meM eka jaina maMdira (pAsAda) ke vidyamAna hone kA pramANa eka zilAlekha se milatA hai jisameM uttaradAsaka nAmaka zrAvaka dvArA eka pAsAda-toraNa samarpita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| eka anya zilAlekha meM, jo eka zilpAMkita saradala-khaNDa para utkIrNa hai aura jo kaniSka-prathama se ThIka pahale ke yuga kA hai, dhAmaghoSA dvArA eka pAsAda ke dAna kA ullekha hai / purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA meM, surakSita eka AyAga-paTa bhI lagabhaga isI avadhi kA hai (pu0 saM0 ma0, kyU 2, citra 1 ) / isapara utkIrNa zilAlekha meM loNazobhikA kI putrI vAsu nAmaka gaNikA dvArA, nigraMtha-arhatAyana (arhatoM kA caityavAsa) meM eka arhata maMdira (devikula), sabhA-bhavana (AyAga-sabhA), pyAU (prapA) aura eka zilApaTTa ke samarpita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| eka anya zilAlekha meM jo (ajJAta saMvat ke varSa 211 kA) saMbhavataH kuSANayuga kA hai aura eka khaNDita pratimA ke pAdapITha para aMkita hai, arhatoM ke maMdira (Ayatana) meM mahAvIra kI mUrti ke pratiSThApana aura eka jinAlaya (devikula) ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| mathurA saMgrahAlaya ke hI eka khaNDita pAyAga-paTa para 'vihAra' zabda aMkita hai| bahusaMkhya tIrthakara mUrtiyoM aura jaina-devI sarasvatI kI eka mUrti kI khoja se yaha siddha hotA hai ki kuSANayuga meM mathurA meM aneka jaina maMdira vidyamAna the, yadyapi isa bAta kI sambhAvanA ko bhI pUrNataH asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki inameM se bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ khale sthAnoM meM pratiSThApita kI gayI thiiN| kaMkAlo TolA : stUpoM ko pratikRtiyA~ tathA avayava / yadyapi mathurA ke pramukha jaina kSetra kaMkAlI TIle se hADiMja, kaniMghama, grAvaje aura phyUrara, dvArA yatra-tatra kI gayI khudAiyoM aura khojoM meM atyadhika vizAla saMkhyA meM mUrtiyA~, AyAga-paTa, 1 epogrAphiyA iNDikA. 2; 1893-94; 198./lyUDarsa (eca).lisTa aoNpha brAhmI iMsakripzansa. 1912. kramAMka 93. 2 epIgrAphiyA iNikA. 2; 1893-94; 199. / lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 99./ lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kramAMka je- 540. 3 pu0 saM0 ma0=purAtattva saMgrahAlaya mathurA; rA. sa. la.= rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU. 4 jarnala maoNpha da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAyaTI . 23; 1940; 69-70. / lyU Darsa, pUrvokta. kramAMka 102 . lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 78./ lyUjana-Di liyU ne isa tithi ko 199 par3hA hai. draSTavya : lyUjana-Di liyU (je I). 'sISiyana' pIriyaDa. lIDana. 1949. 4 58. Ara sI zarmA ne usake mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai. unhoMne khoyI huI pratimA ke upalabdha caraNoM ke zailIgata tattvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue isa kRti ko kuSANoM ke zAsana ke aMta tathA guptavaMzIya zAsana ke prAraMbha ke madhyavartI saMkramaNakAla kA batAyA hai. draSTavya : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubalI baoNlyUma. 1968. bambaI. pR 149. 6 jarnala maoNpha da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAiTI. 23; 1950; 71. 7 kucha jaina purAvazeSa sItala-ghATI, rAnI kI maNDI aura manoharapura se bhI prApta hue the. 54

Page #85
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA staMbha, staMbha-zIrSa, chatra, vedikA-staMbha, sUciyA~, uSNISa, toraNakhaNDa, toraNazIrSa Tor3e evaM anya vAstuzilpIya kalAkRtiyA~ nikalI thIM, kintu, durbhAgyavaza, vicArAdhIna avadhi kA eka bhI smAraka isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hai| ina chinna-bhinna zilApaTToM se isa bAta kA AbhAsa milatA hai ki dhanADhya evaM dharmaniSTha jaina saMpradAya ke logoM dvArA, jinameM paryApta saMkhyA meM sAmAnya mahilA upAsaka sammilita thIM, nirmita bhavya smAraka mUrtikalA evaM sthApatya kI dRSTi se kitane utkRSTa the| aneka zilApaTToM aura mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa zilAlekhoM meM kevala zAsakoM ke nAma hI nahIM likhe gaye haiM apitu unase jaina saMgha ke saMgaThana para bhI mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai, jo aneka prAcAryoM evaM muniyoM ke vibhinna gaNoM, kUloM aura zAkhAoM meM saMgaThita thaa| yadyapi phyUrara ko 1888 aura 1861 ke bIca kaMkAlI TIle meM apane vizAla khojakArya ke madhya IMToM ke eka stUpa aura do maMdiroM ke avazeSa tathA pracura saMkhyA meM IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI se lekara gyAharavIM zatAbdI IsavI taka ke purAvazeSa prApta karane meM saphalatA prApta huI thI, kintu vaha bhavanoM ke vistRta mAnacitra aura chAyAcitroM ke vivaraNa kA ucita sUcIkaraNa kara sakane meM asamartha rahA, kyoMki usakA kArya khudAI dvArA mukhyataH purAvazeSoM, vizeSakara zilAlekhoM ko khoja nikAlane taka hI sImita rhaa| una purAvazeSoM kA pUrvApara saMbaMdha kyA thA aura ve kina-kina bhavanoM ke the, isakA bhI usane koI vivaraNa nahIM rakhA / jaina vAstu-smArakoM ke saMbaMdha meM jJAna prApta karane ke lie isa Avazyaka sUcIkaraNa ke abhAva meM hameM svAbhAvika rUpa se vichinna smArakoM ke utkIrNa prastarapaTToM para zilpAMkita racanAoM ke sAkSya para hI nirbhara rahanA par3atA hai|| upalabdha sAkSya se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kaMkAlI TIle para jaina pratiSThAna eka aise stUpa ke cAroM ora nirmita huA thA jo ki atyaMta zraddhA evaM Adara kI vastu bana gayA thaa| varSa 76 (157 IsavI) yA 46 (127 IsavI) ke eka zilAlekha meM, jo eka ajJAta mUrti ke pAdapITha para aMkita hai, tathAkathita deva-nirmita vodva stUpa para arhata nandyAvarta kI mUrti ke pratiSThApita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| isase yaha vidita hotA hai ki dvitIya zatAbdI IsavI ke madhya taka yaha stUpa itanA prAcIna ho gayA thA ki isake nirmANa saMbaMdhI mUla tathyoM ko loga pUrNataH bhUla gaye the aura isakA nirmANa devoM dvArA kiyA huA mAnA jAne lagA thaa| anumAnataH somadeva ne apane yazastilaka campU meM (656 I0) eka stUpa ke nirmANa kA vivaraNa dete samaya isI stUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai kyoMki unake apane samaya meM deva-nirmita stUpa ke rUpa meM eka stUpa vikhyAta thaa| 1 vizAla kaMkAlI TIle ke suvyavasthita utkhanana se kucha bhavanoM kI saMracanA kA patA lagane kI saMbhAvanA hai, yadyapi pichale utkhananoM se TIle ko paryApta kSati pahu~cI hai. 2 lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 47. 3 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ne ise munisubrata par3hA hai : mahAvIra kammemorezana vaoNlyUma. 1. AgarA. pR 189-90. 55

Page #86
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 somadeva ke matAnusAra isakA nirmANa vajra kumAra ne karavAyA thA, jo divya vidyAdharoM kI alaukika zaktiyoM se saMpanna thaa|' __ jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, phyUrara ko khudAI meM IMToM kA eka stUpa prApta huA thA jisakA vyAsa 14.33 mITara batAyA jAtA hai / isa stUpa kI rUparekhA ke eka sAmAnya rekhAcitra se (rekhAcitra 2) pratIta hotA hai ki yaha stUpa pUrNarUpeNa IMToM kA banA huA nahIM thaa| isake abhyantara meM IMToM kI cinAI eka ATha aroMvAle cakra ke rUpa meM thI / cakra ke atirikta usameM eka vRttAkAra bhitti thI, jo DhA~ce ko zakti pradAna karane ke lie vikIrNa aroM ko madhya meM jor3atI thii| isa DhA~ce ke bhItara zeSa sthAna anumAnata: cikanI miTTI se bhare hue the| 2 . METRES C RE 4/ XN S 2 rekhAcitra 2. kaMkAlI TIlA : ITa-nirmita stUpa kI rUparekhA (smitha ke anusAra) 1 handIqI ( ke ke ). yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara . 1949. zolApura. pR 416 aura 433. 2 smitha, pUrvokta, citra 3. tathApi, rekhAcitra meM vyAsa 14.33 mITara se kahIM adhika dikhAyA gayA hai . 56

Page #87
adhyAya 6] mathurA PRE-EFI AASTUATES mathurA - pAyAga-paTa citra 1

Page #88
vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 (ka) mathurA FMEUDA stUpa ke praveza dvAra kA saradala, (a) puro bhAga (ba) pRSTha bhAga gan MANGOND (kha) mathurA B -- HEADING INFINI khaNDita prayAga-paTa citra 2 BBY [ bhAga 2

Page #89
adhyAya 6 ] par mathurA zilpAMkita zilApaTTa citra 3 mathurA

Page #90
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 B mathurA - vedikA stambha citra 4

Page #91
adhyAya 61 mathurA TOCOGA mathurA - vedikA kA koNa stambha, cAroM mora kA dRzya citra 5

Page #92
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [bhAga 2 mathurA - vedikA sUciyA~ (takie) citra 6 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #93
g7TH 6 ] mathurA ' g03:12]12 di mathurA - vedikA ke uSNISa fzhk 7 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #94
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [bhAga 2 mathurA - vedikA stambha citra 8

Page #95
adhyAya 6] mathurA (ka) mathurA - sopAna meM prayukta eka vedikA stambha (kha) mathurA - khaNDita saradala citra 9

Page #96
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0pU0 se 300 I. [ bhAga 2 (ka) mathurA - praveza dvAra ke Tor3e, purobhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga (kha) mathurA - praveza dvAra ke Tor3e, purobhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga citra 10

Page #97
adhyAya 6] mathurA (ka) mathurA - saradala kA Tor3A (kha) mathurA - toraNa stambha, purobhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga citra 11 ,

Page #98
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0pU0 se 300 I. [ bhAga 2 WALL mathurA - khaNDita toraNa zIrSa, purobhAga citra 12 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #99
adhyAya 6] mathurA mathurA - khaNDita toraNa zIrSa, pRSTha bhAga citra 13 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #100
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [bhAga 2 0000 COc2G mathurA - prAyAga-paTa citra 14

Page #101
adhyAya 6] mathurA Ja000 mathurA - AyAga-paTa citra 15

Page #102
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 lA mathurA - pAyAga-paTa citra 16 For Privafe & Personal Use Only

Page #103
adhyAya 6] mathurA isa stUpa kI UMcAI aura bAhya rUpa ke saMbaMdha meM hameM saradaloM, pAyAga-paToM aura toraNazIrSoM ityAdi ke zilpAMkanoM ko dekhanA caahie| zilpAMkanoM se, tathA pravezadvAroM aura vedikAoM ke vicchinna prastara-khaNDoM se bhI yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa sthala para yA to eka se adhika mahattvapUrNa stupa the athavA jo eka mAtra stUpa thA usakA samaya-samaya para jIrNoddhAra tathA alaMkaraNa kiyA jAtA rhaa| kAlakramAnusAra, stUpa kI sarvaprathama anukRti eka stUpa ke pravezadvAra ke nicale saradala ke (citra 2 ka) purobhAga meM milatI hai| yaha saradala aAjakala rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM hai (rA0 saM0 la0 je-535) / isapara utkIrNa mUrtiyoM evaM prAkRtiyoM kI zailI ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, isa saradala ko IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA paravartI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| uttarottara ghaTatI huI talavedIyukta DholAkAra zikharavAlA yaha stUpa kucha-kucha ghaMTe kI-sI prAkRti kA hai / DholAkAra zikhara kI talavediyoM ke cAroM ora tri-daNDIya vedikAe~ haiN| ardhavRttAkAra zikhara para eka vargAkAra tri-daNDIya vedikA hai jisake kendra se eka chatra spaSTa rUpa se Upara kI ora uThA huA hai| cauthI vedikA, jo pradakSiNA-patha ko cAroM ora se ghere hue hai, bhUmitala para banAyI gayI hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha stUpa tathAkathita deva-nirmita stUpa hI ho, jisakA prAraMbha meM koI prastara-dvAra nahIM thaa| stUpa kI eka anya anukRti isI avadhi ke eka dUsare khaNDita saradala (rA0 saM0 la0, je535) para hai| yaha saradala bhI aba lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya ke bhaNDAra-gRha meM hai| isa saradala ko cAroM ora se jAnabUjhakara kATa diyA gayA thA, tAki ise vedikA ke koNa-staMbha meM pariNata kiyA jA ske| pariNAmasvarUpa isake utkIrNa bhAga kaI sthAnoM para naSTa ho gaye haiN| zilpAMkita bhAga meM eka stUpa aMkita hai, jisakA sabase nicalA bhAga tathA ardhavRttAkAra zikhara kI vedikA ke Upara kA chatra lApatA hai / kyoMki nicalA bhAga upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isake DholAkAra zikhara ke sAtha vedikAyukta do talavediyA~ thIM yA nahIM / yadi nahIM thIM, to nicalI vedikA (isake nIce kA bhAga kATa diyA gayA hai) ne bhU-tala vedikA kA kArya kiyA hogaa| stUpa ke bAyeM bhAga meM do savAroM sahita eka hAthI, eka azvArohI aura do bailoM ke sira haiN| ye baila saMbhavatayA eka gAr3I khIMca rahe the, jo aba lApatA hai| utkIrNa bhAga meM DhAI koTara haiN| eka saMlagna pArzva meM sUciyoM kI caloM ke lie koTara bhI bane hue haiN| stUpa-sthApatya ke vikasita svarUpa kA jJAna hameM usa surakSita zilpAMkita zilA-paTTa (pAyAgapaTa, pu0 saM0 ma0, kyU-2; citra 1) se milatA hai, jisakA ki Upara ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| 1 hariSeNa (932 I0). bRhat-kathA-koSa, saMpA : e ena upAdhye. 1943. bambaI. pR26. isameM mathurA ke pA~ca prAcIna stUpoM kI sthApanA kA vivaraNa diyA huA hai . 2 jarnala oNpha da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAiTI. 23; 1950; 69-70. 57

Page #104
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 isapara aMkita zilAlekha, jisameM vArAMganA vAsu dvArA kiye gaye vibhinna samarpaNoM kA ullekha hai, (uparyukta, pRSTha 54) purAlipizAstrIya dRSTi se kaniSka-pUrva kAla kA kahA jA sakatA hai| pUrvakathita stUpa kI tulanA meM isakA vizAla belanAkAra zikhara spaSTa rUpa se itanA U~cA hai ki isase stUpa kucha-kucha mInAra jaisA dikhAI detA hai| isakI do talavedI haiM, jinake cAroM ora utkIrNa vedikAe~ haiN| arddhavRttAkAra zikhara ke zIrSabhAga para eka vargAkAra dvi-daNDIya vedikA hai, jisake kendra meM Upara kI ora eka chatra zobhAyamAna hai aura usapara mAlAe~ laTaka rahI hai| isa stUpa kI eka navInatA isakI U~cI pIThikA hai, jo anumAnataH vargAkAra hai| isa pIThikA ke Upara nirmita talavedI pradakSiNA-patha ke rUpa meM prayukta hotI thii| isake cAroM ora pravezadvAra (toraNa) yukta eka tri-daNDIya vedikA hai| bhUmitala se talavedI taka pahu~cane ke lie pravezadvAra ke ThIka sAmane ATha sIr3hiyoMvAlA eka vedikAyukta sopAna hai| pIThikA ke agrabhAga para makara-toraNoM kI-sI prAkRti ke arddhavRttAkAra Ale bane hue haiM, jinameM pAdapIThoM para khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM (dakSiNa pArzva meM puruSa aura vAma pAva meM nArI-mUrtiyA~ haiM) / pracuratA se utkIrNa isa toraNa kA bharhata aura sAMcI ke toraNoM ke sAtha racanAtmaka sAdRzya hai| isameM do AyatAkAra utkIrNa staMbha haiM, jo tIna anuprastha vakrAkAra saradaloM ko, jinake sire makaroM kI AkRti kohaiM, avalaMba diye hue haiN| saradaloM ke bIca do avalaMbaka prastara-khaNDa haiM, jabaki nicale saradala ke do mur3e hue sire do siMhAkAra Tor3oM para AdhArita haiN| sabase Upara ke saradala para mukuTa kI bhA~ti sthita madhumAlatI latA kA eka kalA-pratIka aMkita hai, jisake donoM pAvoM meM eka tri-ratna yA (nandipada) pratIka hai, jaisA bharhata ke stUpa ke pUrvI toraNa meM haiN| nicale saradala ke kendrIya bhAga se eka kamala-guccha laTakA huA hai, jisake sAtha puSpamAlAeM bhI haiM / toraNa kA zilpAMkana tatkAlIna zailI para AdhArita hai, yaha tathya Age varNita vicchinna khaNDoM kI khoja se siddha ho jAtA hai (pRSTha 63) / isa stUpa kI eka pramukha vizeSatA isake do U~ce-U~ce staMbha haiN| pratyeka staMbha sAmane ke donoM konoM para sthita hai / (yaha zilpAMkana jisa stUpa kI laghu anukRti hai, saMbhavataH usa stUpa ke zeSa do konoM para bhI do aura staMbha rahe hoNge)| ina stUpoM kA ghaTa-AdhAra eka pirAmiDa jaisI AkRti ke sopAnayukta pAdapITha para TikA huA hai| staMbha kA madhyabhAga dAyeM pArzva meM vRttAkAra, aura bAyeM pArzva meM aSTakoNIya hai, usake Upara eka ghaTa aura ghaTa ke Upara zayana-mudrA meM paMkhadhArI siMhayugala utkIrNa haiN| ina siMhoM ke Upara eka caur3I-capaTI kuNDalita nirmita hai, jo staMbha-zIrSa para mukuTa kI taraha sthita AkRti ko thAme hue hai / dAyeM pArzva meM usakI racanA eka cakra kI tathA bAyeM pArzva meM agale pairoM ko khar3A karake baiThe hue siMha kI hai| ye staMbha pIThikA para bane stUpa kI U~cAI ke barAbara haiM / kaMkAlI-TIle meM isa prakAra ke aneka staMbha mile haiN| eka anya khaNDita pAyAga-paTa (rA0 saM0 la0, je-255) para eka stUpa ke zilpAMkana (citra 2 kha) kA nicalA bhAga surakSita hai| stUpa ke upalabdha bhAga kA sAmAnya vinyAsa aura pramukha vizeSatAeM pUrvokta stUpa (pu0 saM0 ma0, kyU-2) ke samAna hI haiM, kintu usakI tulanA meM isakI pIThikA 58

Page #105
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA nIcI hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa toraNa taka pahu~cane ke lie kevala cAra sIr3hiyA~ haiM, jahA~ se pIThikA ke Upara vedikAyukta talavedI para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / isa talavedI para do staMbha haiM, jaise ki pUrvokta zilpAMkana meM the / mukhya stUpa ke U~ce belanAkAra zikhara kI kevala nicalI talavedI hI surakSita hai / pracuratA se utkIrNa toraNa ke vakrAkAra saradaloM ke sire mur3I huI pU~choMvAle makaroM ke sadRza haiM / saradaloM ke bIca vargAkAra zilAkhaNDoM para ( jo toraNa ke AyatAkAra staMbhoM kI sIdha meM haiM ) madhumAlatI latA aura zrIvatsa jaise kalA-pratIka aMkita haiN| saradaloM ke kendrIya bhAga ko jor3anevAle do zilpAMkita vedikA staMbha haiM aura ina staMbhoM tathA zilAkhaNDoM ke bIca ke sthAna meM jAliyA~ banI huI haiM / isa toraNa ke zIrSastha tattva vaise hI haiM jaise ki pu0 saM0 ma0, kyU-2 saMkhyAvAle toraNa meM haiM / nicale saradala ke kendrIya bhAga se mAlA sahita eka kamala-guccha laTaka rahA hai / zilApaTTa para utkIrNa lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha prayAga-paTa eka nartaka kI patnI zivayazA dvArA arhatoM kI pUjA ke lie sthApita kiyA gayA thA / purAlipizAstrIya tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha zilAlekha kaniSka - prathama se turanta pahale ke yuga kA mAnA gayA hai / stUpoM kI anya anukRtiyA~ bhI haiN| inameM se eka isa samaya naI dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM rakhe hue toraNa-zIrSa ( citra 12 ) para aMkita hai / yadyapi vibhinna viSaya-vastunoM ke eka sAtha ekatrita ho jAne ke kAraNa, isameM laghu rUpa meM zilpAMkana kiyA gayA hai, kintu phira bhI isameM mUla stUpa kI sabhI Avazyaka vizeSatAeM vidyamAna haiM- jaise ki do vedikA - yukta talavediyoM meM eka U~cA belanAkAra zikhara aura eka nIcA arddhavRttAkAra zikhara hai; zikhara para eka vargAkAra vedikA aura eka chatarI hai| eka anya toraNa - zIrSa ( rA0saM0la0, bI 207 ) 2 para bhI eka laghu stUpa kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / isake AdhAra meM eka vedikA nirmita hai / , eka anya laghu citraNa eka zilA paTTa para hai, jo saMbhavatayA eka prayAga-paTa ( rA0 saM0 la0, je-623) hai| isapara varSa 66 kA eka zilAlekha hai jo anumAnataH zaka saMvat kA hai / isameM stUpa kA aMkana UparI bhAga meM hai ( citra pArzva meM donoM ora padmAsana mudrA meM do-do tIrthaMkaramUrtiyA~ haiM, jaba ki mukhya phalaka para kAyotsarga mudrA meM kaNa yA kaNha nAmaka zramaNa kI mUrti, abhaya mudrA meM khar3I eka mahilA kI mUrti aura tIna bhaktoM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / pUrvokta pA~ca anukRtiyoM kI vizeSatAoM ke viparIta, isa stUpa ke DholAkAra zikhara kI eka hI talavedI hai / eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki bhUmitala para aura DholAkAra zikhara ke Upara jo vedikAe~ haiM una donoM meM eka-eka toraNa hai / ardhavRttAkAra zikhara ke Upara eka vargAkAra vedikA hai, jisake kendra meM chatra kI kama UMcI tathA moTI yaSTi hai / 1 grAphiyA iNDikA. 2; 200 / lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 100. 2 buleTina zraoNpha myUjiyamsa eNDa prAk yaoNlaoNjI ina yU. pI. 9; 1972; 48-49, rekhAcitra 4. 3 epogrAphiyA iNDikA 10; 1909-10 117. 59

Page #106
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 eka talavedIyUkta DholAkAra zikharavAle stUpa kI kama se kama do aura laghu anukRtiyA~ haiN| eka to eka AyAga-paTa para hai (rA0saM0la0, je-250; citra-14), aura dUsarI eka vedikA-staMbha ke madhyabhAga meM kamalavRtta ke bhItara hai (rA0 saM0 la0, je-283; citra 4 k)| upalabdha sAkSyoM se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki mathurA ke jaina stUpoM ke DholAkAra zikharoM kA, sAMcI ke stUpa 1, 2 aura 3 kI bhA~ti aMlakaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA, kyoMki jaina saMpradAya ke loga ise pavitratA kA pratIka banAye rakhane ke lie, pratyakSataH ADaMbarahIna tathA sAdA stUpa ko pasaMda karate rhe| isake atirikta sAMcI ke stUpoM ke sadRza, alaMkaraNa kI lAlasA kI abhivyakti yahA~ vedikAoM aura toraNoM para huI jo stUpa ke aMga to haiM, kintu usake anivArya tattva nhiiN| kaMkAlI-TIle se prApta vedikAoM aura toraNoM ke khaNDita bhAgoM meM se aneka kuSANa-pUrva evaM kuSANayuga ke kalAkAroM kI prazaMsanIya upalabdhi kA sArthaka pramANa prastuta karate haiN| saba se prAcIna vedikA IsA-pUrva dvitIya yA prathama zatAbdI kI ho sakatI hai| usake khaNDita bhAgoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki vedikA meM staMbhoM kI eka zRMkhalA hotI thii| sabhI staMbha tIna sUciyoM se paraspara jur3e hote the aura unake Upara eka dUsare chora taka eka lambAyamAna uSNISa banA hotA thaa| uSNISa ko biThAne ke lie staMbhoM ke donoM ora masUrAkAra koTaroM aura zIrSa para cUla kI vyavasthA spaSTataH purAtana kASThakalA-zailI dvArA prerita hai, jo toraNoM ke avazeSoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| staMbha (rA0 saM0 la0, je-283, je-288 aura je-282; citra 4) aMzata: vargAkAra aura aMzataH aSTabhujAkAra haiM / aSTabhujAkAra staMbha AcchAdita nahIM hai / unake do ora to sUciyoM kI masUrAkAra caloM ko biThAne ke lie tIna-tIna chidra bane hue haiM, jaba ki sAmane tathA pIche kI ora sAmAnyataH tIna-tIna kalA-piNDa aura do-do ardhavRttAkAra kalA-piNDa (eka adhobhAga meM aura dUsarA zIrSa para ) utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| pUrNa aura ardhavRttAkAra kalA-piNDoM meM kama ubhAravAle zilpAMkita kalA-pratIkoM kA bhaNDAra vastutaH sImita hai| vibhinna rUpoM meM sarvAdhika pracalita kalA-pratIka kamala kA hai| anya kalA-pratIkoM meM, jinameM puSpa-guccha, madhumAlatI latA, stUpa (citra 4 ka), makara tathA pazuoM ke citraNa (citra 4 ga) sammilita haiM, mizrita tathA kAlpanika pazuoM ke pratIka vizeSa rUpa se rocaka haiM (citra 4 kha) / pravezadvAra para staMbhoM kI racanA kucha bhinna prakAra kI hai| ye viziSTa aAyatAkAra tathA pUrNarUpeNa zilpAMkita haiM / staMbha kramAMka rA0 saM0 la0, je-356 eka aisA hI staMbha hai jo kaMkAlI - TIle meM pAyA gayA hai| isake tIna ora latA-gulmoM ke atyanta kalAtmaka aMkana haiM (citra 5) tathA cauthe anutkIrNa bhAga meM sUciyoM ke lie tIna masUrAkAra koTara bane hue haiN| isa staMbha vizeSa ke eka aora (citra 5 ga) do masUrAkAra koTara haiM, jo spaSTataH paravartI nirmiti haiM aura jinake kAraNa mUla zilpAMkanoM ko kSati pahuMcI hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki toraNa kI racanA ke samaya hI ye koTara bhI vedikA ke paravartI vistAra ke lie banA diye gaye hoM jaisA ki sAMcI 60

Page #107
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA kaMkAlI-TIle meM vedikAoM kI do bhinna AkAroM kI bahuta-sI masUrAkAra sUciyA~ (citra 6 ) bhI prApta huI haiM / ina sUciyoM para kalA - piNDoM kA vividha kalA-pratIkoM sahita aMkana hai, jinameM kamala-pratIka kA prayoga sarvAdhika hai / kalA -piNDoM para anya pratIka bhI haiM; yathA, vRkSa- caitya ( rA0 saM0 la0, je-422; citra 6 kha ), eka pAdapITha para kaTorA ( ? ) 1, paMkhadhArI zaMkha jisake mukha se mudrAe~ nispaMdita ho rahI haiM, latA-pallava, madhumAlatI latA zrIvatsa, haMsa tathA pazu ( rA0 saM0 la0, je403; citra 6 ga ) / inameM se bahuta 'se pazu vastutaH kAlpanika jantu haiM ( rA0 saM0 la0, je 365 ; citra 6 gha ), yathA, manuSya ke siravAlA siMha, matsya pucchavAlA paMkhadhArI siMha, matsya- pucchavAlA hAthI (rA0 saM0 la0, je 427; citra 6 ka ), matsya - pucchavAlA makara, matsya pucchavAlA bher3iyA, matsya-puccha tathA gRddha ke sira aura paMkhavAlA siMha, paMkhadhArI bakarI aura hirana / aneka bhArI-bhArI uSNISa-prastara prApta hue the jinameM se kucha IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI ke mAne jA sakate haiM / inake Upara ke kone gola kiye hue haiM aura inake do prabhAga haiN| UparI prabhAga para, jo apekSAkRta moTA hai aura nicale ke Upara prakSipta hai, sAmAnyataH eka rajju utkIrNa hai jisameM kramazaH laTakatI huI ghaNTiyoM aura kalI rUpI jhumakoM kA aMkana hai| nicale prabhAga para sAmAnyataH aMkita kalApratIka eka rUr3higata zailI kI laharadAra paTTI yA puSpayukta visarpI latA hai (citra 7 ka aura kha ) / anya kalA-pratIkoM meM alaMkRta madhumAlatI latA tathA pazuoM ke aMkana sammilita haiM ( citra 7 ga) / aneka sthAnoM para pazuoM kA zilpAMkana atyanta pravINatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / kaMkAlI - TIle se kuSANayuga kI kisI vedikA ke kucha mahattvapUrNa staMbha prApta hue haiM / yadyapi ye staMbha pUrvokta staMbhoM se apekSAkRta laghu grAkAra ke haiM, kintu viSaya-vastu kI uttamatA tathA mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI guNoM kI kalAtmaka utkRSTatA ke kAraNa adhika cittAkarSaka haiM / inake do aura tIna masUrAkAra koTara (adhikatara siroM para mur3e hue) tathA UparI bhAga para eka cUla nirmita hai / pRSThabhAga meM do pUrNa tathA do prardhakamalayukta kalA-piNDa haiM, pratyeka adhobhAga tathA zIrSabhAga meM (citra 8) / kalA - piNDoM ke kinAroM para nIlakamala aMkita haiM / kalA - piNDoM ke madhyavartI rikta sthAna tIna caraNoM meM haiM / tathApi, ina staMbhoM ko viziSTatA pradAna karanevAlI bAta yaha hai ki inake purobhAga ke suspaSTa zilpAMkanoM meM jIvaMta mAnava mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / ina sugaThita mUrtiyoM kA pratirUpaNa paryApta paripakva hai aura usase vibhinna mudrAoM meM mAnava-mUrtiyoM ke zilpAMkana meM zilpakAra kI dakSatA parilakSita hotI hai / susmita kapoloMvAlI ye nAriyA~ svacchaMda aura ullasita mudrA meM darzAyI gayI haiM / tathA apane priya grAmoda-pramoda tathA krIr3A meM rata haiM / yaha kucha vilakSaNa-sI bAta hai ki apanI kaThora AcAra-saMhitA ke hote hue bhI jaina samudAya ne kalAkAra ko mukta vAtAvaraNa meM usake utsAha aura vinodI abhiruci kI abhivyakti ke lie Asakti evaM Aveza se yukta suMdara, aura yahA~ taka ki 1 DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina ke matAnusAra (vyaktigata patra vyavahAra), yaha yA to eka zarAva saMpuTa yA pratiSThAna (Thauna ) hai, jo jaina mAMgalika pratIkoM meM se eka hai. 61

Page #108
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 8 vilAsapriya tathA kAmottejaka nArI AkRtiyoM kA zilpAMkana karane kI pUrNa svataMtratA pradAna kara dii| isa prakAra aMkita hai eka staMbha para ( rA0 saM0 la0, je 277) eka nArI mUrti jo azoka vRkSa ke nIce dIna mudrA meM jhuke hue eka baune puruSa kI pITha para apanI deha meM AkarSaka AkuMcana diye hue khar3I huI hai aura eka puSpamAla se apanA kezavinyAsa kara rahI hai (citra ka) / eka dUsare staMbha meM, jo aba rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM hai, do siMhoMvAle eka pAdapITha ke Upara eka nArI - AkRti prAyaH nRtya - mudrA meM khar3I huI hai, usake vAma hasta meM eka khaDga hai aura dakSiNa hasta se vaha apane sira ke Upara eka kadamba-puSpaguccha kA sparza kara rahI hai ( citra 8 kha ) / tIsare staMbha para ( yaha bhI ba saMgrahAlaya meM hai) eka nArI, jo tIna-cauthAI pArzvadRzya meM citrita hai, apanI kaTi ko jhukAye hue Upara kI caTTAnoM se jharate hue jalaprapAta ke nIce snAna kara rahI hai (citra8) / sopAna kI vedikAoM para utkIrNa zilpAMkana bhI kalAtmaka dRSTi se itane hI utkRSTa haiM / eka staMbha para ( citraka), jisakA zIrSa tirachA hai aura jisapara eka cUla hai ( pu0 saM0 ma0, 14. 369) tathA jo kuSANayugIna mAnA gayA thA, azoka vRkSa ke nIce eka nArI kA aMkana hai jo Upara uThe hue apane vAma hasta para eka thAlI rakhe hue hai jisameM kucha vastueM rakhI haiM aura jisapara zaMku ke AkAra kA Dhakkana lagA huA hai / nArI apane dakSiNa hasta meM eka mU~ThavAlA pAtra pakar3e hue hai jisakA tala UMcA hai / isake pRSThabhAga meM pUrNa aura ardha-kamalayukta kalA-piNDa utkIrNa haiM jinake madhya sthAna meM tIna stara haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pUrvokta do prayAga-paToM ( pu0 saM0 ma0, kyU-2 tathA rA0 saM0 la0, je - 255) para utkIrNa zilpAMkanoM meM kaniSka - pUrva yuga ke pravezadvAroM kA yathArtha aMkana kiyA gayA hai, stUpoM ke toraNoM ke aneka khaNDita bhAga prApta hue the / prAcIna toraNa- saradaloM meM se eka saradala rA0 saM0 la0, je-535 hai, jo saMbhavatayA IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA hai / yaha nicale saradala kA madhya bhAga thA jo kicit vakrAkAra hai / isake purobhAga meM eka stUpa utkIrNa hai jisakI do suparNa (ardha- mAnava tathA ardha - pakSI) evaM pA~ca kinnara pUjA kara rahe haiM aura apane hAthoM meM vividha prakAra se eka puSpamAla, puSpamAlAoM yukta puSpapAtra, nIlakamalaguccha aura eka kamala grahaNa kiye hue haiM ( citra 2 ka ) / paMkhadhArI prAkRtiyA~ to asIriyAI tathA phArasI mUrtikalAoM meM pAyI jAnevAlI aisI hI AkRtiyoM kA smaraNa karAtI haiM, kintu kinnara anumAnataH yUnAnI AdirUpoM se prerita hokara banAye gaye haiM / pRSThabhAga meM (citra 2 kha ) bhaktoM kI eka sotsAha dharmayAtrA kA citraNa hai| bhaktoM meM se do hAthI para aura tIna azvoM para ArUr3ha haiM, do padayAtrI haiM tathA anekoM eka bailagAr3I meM haiM aura saMbhavatA ve isa stUpa ke darzanoM ke lie hI jA rahe haiM / pazu, jo apanI jIvanI-zakti ke lie vikhyAta haiM, atyanta sajIva pratIta hote haiM; vizeSakara, sphUrtivAna azvoM kA sajIva aMkana kalAkAra kI utkRSTa dakSatA kI ora saMketa karatA hai / bhItara ke madhyabhAga meM eka kamala-guccha utkIrNa hai / rA0 saM0 la0, je-544 ( citra ka, kha ) eka anya toraNa-saradala hai / yaha saradala anuprastha hai tathA pUrvokta saradaloM se kucha paravartI pratIta hotA hai| isake kendrIya bhAga meM sammohaka sauMdarya tathA 62

Page #109
adhyAya 61 mathurA mAdharya saMpanna eka visI latA atyaMta alaMkRta rUpa se utkIrNa hai; isakA laharadAra tanA utkRSTa rUpa se utkIrNa kamaloM, kaliyoM aura pattiyoM ko prAcchAdita kiye hue hai| visI latA ke pArzva meM donoM ora (toraNa-staMbhoM kI urdhvAdhara sIdha meM) eka-eka vargAkAra phalaka banA huA hai jisameM eka vAmana vyakti isa prakAra baiThA hai jaise vaha UparI DhA~ce ko thAme rakhane kA prayAsa kara rahA ho| eka vilakSaNa bAta yaha hai ki vAmana kI TA~geM sarpa ke samAna haiM aura unake aMta meM eka Ter3hI-mer3hI pUMcha hai| isa prakAra kI prAkRtiyA~ jo aneka utkIrNa zilApaTroM para bhI pAyI jAtI haiM aura jinameM kaniSkapUrva yuga ke AyAga-paTa bhI sammilita haiM, kadAcit yUnAnI saMskRti ke kisI kalA-pratIka kA rUpAMtara haiM / ina vargAkAra phalakoM ke pazcAt do prakSipta sire haiM (vAma sirA lApatA hai), jinapara matsya-pucchavAlA eka makara utkIrNa hai jisake mukha meM eka matsya hai| aMtima chora arddhavRttAkAra hai / isa prakAra ke eka anya khaNDita saradala (rA0 saM0 la0, je-547) meM dAhinI ora ke sire para eka garur3a utkIrNa hai jo apanI coMca meM eka tIna phaNavAle aise sarpa ko pakar3e hue hai jisane svayaM ko garur3a kI grIvA ke cAroM ora lapeTa liyA hai (citra hakha; kha) / isase Age eka aMzataH surakSita phalaka hai jisameM eka bailagAr3I aura binA jute hue baila aMkita haiN| kaMkAlI-TIle meM toraNoM meM prayukta do bhinna prakAra ke Tor3e mile haiN| eka prakAra ke Tor3oM meM zAlabhaMjikAoM kA aMkana hai| toraNa-zAlabhaMjikAoM ke kaI aise namUne haiM jo toraNa-staMbhoM se nikalakara toraNa ke nicale saradala ke do siroM ko sahArA diye rahate the| inameM se do (rA0 saM0 la0 je-565 ka aura kha; citra 10 ka aura kha), jo eka hI toraNa ke haiM, surakSita haiM / donoM Tor3oM ke AdhAra meM eka cUla hai jo staMbha ke koTara meM baiThA dI jAtI thii| Tor3oM ke ghere meM banI donoM nArImUrtiyA~ purobhAga kI ora pUrNataH tathA pRSThabhAga kI ora aMzataH sajjita haiN| yadyapi inameM katipaya vizeSatAeM (udAharaNArtha-kezavinyAsa, AbhUSaNa, caraNoM ke nIce kI mUrtiyA~) bharhata kI vedikAmUrtiyoM ke samAna haiM, parantu ye apane adhika uttama pratirUpaNa ke kAraNa unakI apekSA utkRSTa haiM aura sAMcI kI toraNa-zAlabhaMjikAoM kI kucha pUrvavartI pratIta hotI haiN| eka puSpita vRkSa (saMbhavatayA azoka) ke tane ke sahAre jhukI huI ye donoM nAriyA~ usa vRkSa kI zAkhAoM ko pakar3e hue haiN| dAhine Tor3e para utkIrNa nArI eka jhuke hue mAnava kI mUrti para khar3I hai (citra 10 ka), jaba ki bAyeM Tor3e para aMkita nArI eka hAthI ke sira para khar3I hai (citra 10 kha) / isa prakAra ke anya sabhI Tor3e khaNDita haiN| unameM se do Tor3oM meM nArI-mUrti matsya-pucchavAle eka makara para khar3I huI hai| eka anya prakAra ke Tor3e meM siMha kA nirUpaNa hai, jaisA ki eka AyAga-paTa meM zilpAMkita hai (pU0 saM0 ma0, kyU-2; citra 1) / isa prakAra ke Tor3e kI pUrNa pratikRti (citra 11 ka) rA0 saM0 la0, je564 hai| toraNa-staMbhoM meM kuSANayugIna staMbhoM ke zilpAMkana vizeSa rUpa se utkRSTa haiN| inameM se eka (citra 11 kha) abhilekhAMkita hai jisameM zrAvikA balahastinI dvArA eka toraNa ke samarpaNa kA ullekha 1 smitha, pUrvokta, citra 36 tathA ga.

Page #110
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 hai|| sAMcI ke sadRza ina staMbhoM ke do pArzva nIce se Upara kI ora aneka phalakoM meM vibhakta haiM aura vedikA-pratIkoM dvArA eka dUsare se pRthaka kiye hae haiN| ina phalakoM kI viSaya-vastu adhikAMzataH aihika hai, jisameM premakrIr3A ke dRzya, rAjabhavanoM kA jIvana, madyapAna karate hue yugala, nArI kA kezavinyAsa karatA huA puruSa, apanA zrRMgAra karatI huI nArI, nRtya-rata yugala ityAdi dikhAye gaye haiM; kintu dhArmika dRzyoM kA bhI, jinameM puSpa evaM puSpamAla le jAte hue nara-nArI zilpAMkita kiye gaye haiM pUrNataH abhAva nahIM hai / aihika dRzyoM kA citraNa sarvadA hI staMbhoMvAlA maNDapa hai jo sabhI pAvoM se khulA huaA hai tathA jisakI chata arddhabelanAkAra hai; chata ke do arddhavRttAkAra siroM meM caityatoraNa aMkita kiye gaye haiM / chata ke AdhAra-staMbhoM kA madhyadaNDa nIce vargAkAra aura Upara aSTabhujAkAra hai, jinameM se kucha meM nukIle konoM ko DhalavA~ banAyA huA hai| daNDa ke Upara eka prakSipta khaNDa hai jisapara kamala kI paMkhur3iyA~ banI huI haiM aura jo zIrSa-phalaka ko sahArA diye hue hai jisa para paMkhadhArI siMha baiThe hue haiN| siMhoM ke Upara zanaiH zanaiH vistAra ko prApta hotA huA eka prakhaMDa hai jisake zIrSa ke kone kuNDalita haiN| isa prakAra ke kaI staMbha kaMkAlI-TIle meM mile haiN| do maNDapa eka kamala-sarovara se saMbaddha haiM, jo spaSTataH abhijAta-varga kI jala-krIr3A ke lie thaa| ina dRzyoM kA aMkana prazaMsanIya hai| dhArmika saMskAroM se bAdhita na rahakara, kalAkAra ne vibhinna mudrAoM tathA kriyAoM meM rata strI-puruSoM kA citraNa karane meM apanA kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai| toraNoM ke anya upAMgoM meM, saradaloM ke madhya sthApita utkIrNa zilAkhaNDa, toraNa-staMbhoM ke siMha-zIrSa aura zikhara-khaNDa mile the| inameM se eka luptaprAya cakra ko thAme hue tri-ratna (yA nandipada) haiM jo saMbhavatayA zikhara-khaNDa haiN| eka vilakSaNatA yaha hai ki vRttAkAra bhAga ke Upara inameM se eka tri-ratna (yA nandipada) ke UparI bhAga meM matsya-pucchavAle do makara bane hue haiN| maMdira tathA vihAra jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai (pRSTha 54), purAlekhIya sAkSyoM tathA prApta mUrtiyoM se isa bAta kA saMketa milatA hai ki IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI meM aura usake pazcAt jaina maMdira vidyamAna the| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki jaina muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie vihAra bhI the| tathApi, upalabdha sAkSyoM se ina bhavanoM kA itihAsa likhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| yaha bhI jJAta nahIM ki prAcInatama jaina-vihAra arddhavRttAkAra thA, jaisA ki udayagiri meM hai (adhyAya 7) athavA aNDAkAra yA caturbhujAkAra thaa| mathurA ke kuSANayugIna bauddha zilpAMkanoM meM arddhavRttAkAra aura caturbhujAkAra maMdiroM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| adhikatara saMbhAvanA isa bAta kI hai ki maMdira, kakSa aura 1 rA0 saM0la0 je-532./lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 108. 2 smitha, pUrvokta, citra 40 aura 52. 3 vogela ( je pha ). lA skalpacara Di mathurA. 1930. perisa tathA braselsa. citra 23 ka aura ga. isa citra kI saMkhyA ka vAlI utkIrNa AkRti meM eka prAkAra-bhitti ke bhItara eka maTha kA bhI citraNa kiyA gayA hai. pravezadvAra 64

Page #111
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA vihAra IMToM se nirmita the tathA staMbhoM, bhitti-staMbhoM, caukhaToM, vAtAyanoM, paTariyoM tathA jalanirgamapraNAlI meM sAmAnyataH pattharoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| jala-nirgama praNAlI ke kucha namUnoM se patA calatA hai ki unapara bhI pracura zilpAMkana kiye jAte the| unakI bhujAeM matsya aura matsyapucchavAle makara jaise jalacara prANiyoM (jinameM kabhI-kabhI makara matsya kA pIchA karatA huA aMkita hotA thA) tathA mAMgalika pratIkoM se alaMkRta kI jAtI thiiN| vAtAyanoM ke kucha namUne prApta hue haiN| eka akSata vAtAyana meM cAroM konoM ke jor3oM para vargAkAra jAlI banAyI huI hai, kendrIya bhAga kI jAlI meM hIraka paMktiyoM kA kAma kiyA huA hai| usakI bhujAoM para cAra paMkhur3iyoM vAle puSpa aMkita haiN| eka khaNDita jAlI meM puSpa-samUha aMkita kiye gaye haiN| pratyeka puSpa meM cAra paMkhur3iyA~ haiN| eka anya khaNDita vAtAyana meM aSTadala kamala aMkita hai| eka khaNDita toraNa-zIrSa, jo Adhe se kucha hI kama hai aura aba rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM hai (citra 12 aura 13), bahuta hI AkarSaka evaM dhyAna dene yogya hai| yaha saMbhavatayA kisI maMdira kA khaNDa hogA, jabaki sAmAnyataH vizvAsa yaha kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha stUpa ke kisI toraNa kA hai| yaha khaNDita toraNa-zIrSa donoM ora pracuratA evaM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka utkIrNa kiyA huA hai tathA alaMkaraNa kA vinyAsa donoM ora lagabhaga eka samAna hai| pratyeka aora tIna arddhavRttAkAra (Adhe vidyamAna) phalaka haiM jo vAnaspatika tathA visapI latAoMvAle kalA-pratIkoM se alaMkRta cAra paTTiyoM ke bhItara haiN| isake purobhAga ke kone meM jo tribhujAkAra skaMdha hai usameM stUpa kI ora jA rahA bhaktajanoM kA eka samUha zilpAMkita hai; stUpa ke sammukha cAra pIThikAeM haiM jinake Upara pAyAga-paTa hai; jaba ki bhaktajanoM ke caraNoM ke nIce eka pahiyedAra baMda gAr3I hai| pRSThabhAga ke skaMdha meM isI prakAra kI eka gAr3I ke Upara upAsakoM kA apekSAkRta eka adhika bar3A samUha hai; bhaktoM ke isa samUha ke sammukha eka pUrNa ghaTa, kamaladalAkAra TokarI jisameM mAlAeM rakhI huI haiM tathA DhakkanoM se Dhake hue tIna kaTore haiM / donoM ora kI caMdrAkAra phalakoM ke siroM meM matsya-pucchavAle makara bane hue haiN| pA~ca phalakoM meM ina makaroM kA mukha bAla-prAkRtiyoM dvArA kholA jA rahA hai| donoM ora kI phalakoM ke upalabdha aMzoM ke zeSa bhAga meM puruSa, mahilAeM tathA ur3ate hue vidyAdhara aMkita haiM jo una iSTadevoM kI ora jA rahe haiM jo phalakoM ke kendrIya bhAga (vilupta) meM aMkita the| kucha bhaktajana paidala haiM, jabaki anya vRSabhoM tathA azvoM dvArA khIMcI jA rahI gAr3iyoM meM haiN| inake atirikta kucha aura bhI bhaktajana haiM, jo matsya-puccha tathA sarpo kI-sI dehavAle vicitra pazuoM kI pITha para savAra haiN| zIrSastha phalaka ke purobhAga meM eka vimAna aMkita hai jise saMbhavatayA haMsa khIca rahe haiM / ardhabelanAkAra chatavAlI eka AyatAkAra saMracanA bhI hai jisake donoM siroM para caitya-toraNa haiM aura AdhAra meM eka vedikA hai / ke pArzva meM toraNa jaise prakSepa haiM. kuTIra kI rUparekhA caturbhujAkAra (catuHzAlA) pratIta hotI hai. chateM jo saMbhavataH khaparailavAlI thIM, tribhujAkAra haiM aura unake pratyeka sire para eka trikoNa hai. 1 smitha, pUrvokta, citra 42. 2 vahI, citra 41. 65

Page #112
bAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I. pU. se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 prAyAga-paTa isa toraNa-zIrSa se jJAta hotA hai ki prAyAga-paToM kA upayoga kisa DhaMga se kiyA jAtA thaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, isameM stUpa ke nikaTa cAra AyatAkAra Thosa pIThikAeM haiN| inameM se pratyeka pIThikA ke Upara eka utkIrNa zilApaTTa sthApita kiyA huA dikhAI detA hai / ina zilApaTToM para utkIrNa prAkRtiyA~, nissaMdeha, zilApaTToM ke laghu AkAra ke kAraNa laghu rUpa meM hI aMkita kI gayI haiM, phira bhI rUpAMkanoM kI sAmAnya vyavasthA aura vinyAsa isa bAta kI ora saMketa karate haiM ki ye zilApaTTa nissaMdeha pAyAga-paTa haiN| stUpa kI nikaTatama pIThikA ke Upara sthApita zilApaTTa ke madhyabhAga meM eka kalA-piNDa hai jo cAra tri-ratnoM (athavA nandipadoM) ke AdhAra-vRtta kA kAma de rahA hai, ina pratIkoM ke UparI avayava! isa kendrIya vRtta ke cAroM ora nirmita haiM / triratnoM (yA nandipadoM) kA aisA vinyAsa AyAga-paToM ke aneka rUpoM meM pAyA jAtA hai (udAharaNArtha, rA0 saM0 la0, je-246, je-250 aura je-253 tathA pu0 saM0 ma0 48. 3424) / isa toraNa-zIrSa para cAra AyAga-paToM ke citraNa se pratIta hotA hai ki pIThikAeM, jinake Upara pAyAga-paTa sthApita kiye jAte the, mukhya stupa ke nikaTa, saMbhavatayA usakI cAra AdhArabhUta bhujAoM ke sammukha, sthApita kI kI jAtI thiiN| tathApi, yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prathama zatAbdI IsavI ke pUrvAddha ke AyAga-paToM kI saMkhyA cAra se adhika hai| isake atirikta vAsu (pRSTha 54) aura nandighoSa dvArA sthApita prastara-paTToM para diye gaye samarpaNAtmaka abhilekhoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ye pAyAga-paTa arhatAyana aura bhaNDIra vRkSa yA kuMja meM bhI adhiSThApita kiye jAte the| bhaNDIra zabda nyagrodha (vaTa) vRkSa, jo RSabhanAtha kA kaivalya-vakSa thA aura zirISa vakSa jo supArzvanAtha kA kaivalya-vakSa thA donoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai| pahalA vRkSa mathurA kA bhaNDIra-vaTa prAcInakAla meM pavitra mAnA jAtA thaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai (pRSTha 53), mahAvIra mathurA meM apane pravAsa ke madhya saMbhavataH bhaNDIra-udyAna meM Thahare the jo sudarzana yakSa kA nivAsa sthAna thaa| spaSTataH bhaNDIra-vRkSa yA udyAna mahAvIra ke sAtha saMbaddha hone ke kAraNa jainoM ke lie parama pAvana thaa| 1 caubiyA-pAr3A, mathurA ke eka pratirUpa para (pu0saM0 ma0, 48.3426), ye avayava makaroM ke eka jor3e ke bane hue haiM jinhoMne apanI sUr3ha se eka kamala thAmakara Upara kI ora uThAyA huaA hai. 2 lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 95. 3 bUlara ne isa zabda ko 'bhaMdire' ke rUpa meM par3A aura yaha kahA ki ise 'maMdire arthAt maMdira meM par3hane kI pravRtti hotI hai. paraMtu pahalA vyaMjana sAdA dikhAI detA hai. epigrAfiyA iNDikA. 1; 1892; 397, TippaNI kra0 35. jaisAki lyUDarsa ne saMketa kiyA hai (iNDiyana eNTikverI. 333; 1904; 151), sahI vAcana bhaMDire hai. isa saMbadha meM lyUDarsa ne yaha kahA thA ki "kyA isakA artha' 'bhaNDIra vRkSa para' hai, yA saMbhavatayA yaha saMskRta zabda 'bhaNDAre arthAt bhaNDAra meM | para' hai, maiM isa samaya nizcaya karane kA sAhasa nahIM kara pA rahA hU~." vivAgasUya (pRSTha 53) meM mahAvIra kI mathurA-yAtrA kA vivaraNa par3hane para vyakti isa niSkarSa para pahuMcatA hai ki bhaNDIra zabda jo naMdighoSa ke usa zilA-lekha meM prayukta huA hai jisameM AyAga-paToM ke samarpaNa kA ullekha hai, bhaNDIra udyAna yA bhaNDIra-vRkSa ke lie hai.

Page #113
pradhyAya 61 mathurA upalabdha pAyAga-paToM meM se adhikatara, jinakA svayaM apanA eka varga bana gayA hai kaniSka-pUrva yuga ke mAne gaye haiM kintu kucha AyAga-paTa nissaMdeha kuSANayuga ke haiN| inameM se adhikAMza utkRSTa zilpAMkanayukta haiN| upAsya nirmitiyoM ko vilakSaNa zilpa-sauMdarya (citra 14) se alaMkRta karane ke lie, tathA videzI kalAbodha se prerita, anekoM kalA-pratIkoM kI saMracanA meM kalAkAra kA kauzala spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / ina AyAga-paToM kA dhArmika svarUpa kevala upalabdha zilAlekhoM se hI spaSTa nahIM hotA (jinameM ki arhatoM kI pUjA ke lie AyAga-paToM kI sthApanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai), apitu, stUpoM (citra 1 tathA 2 kha), tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM (citra 14 aura 15), caitya-vRkSa, dharmacakra (citra 16) tathA aSTa-maMgala sahita jaina mAMgalika pratIkoM ke zilpAMkanoM se bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jaisA ki zAha ne kahA hai, ina AyAga-paToM kA pUrva-rUpa puDhavI-zilApaTTa (pRthvI-zilA-paTTa) rahA hogA, jo grAmINa loka-devatAoM, yakSoM aura nAgoM ke lie pavitra vRkSa-caityoM ke nIce kisI lagha pIThikA ke Upara rakhA gayA hogA / Adya zilpAMkanoM meM bhaktagaNa vRkSoM ke nIce isa prakAra kI vediyoM kI pUjA karate hue milate haiN| isa prakAra kI vediyA~ atyaMta pavitra mAnI jAtI thIM, kyoMki ve adRzya devatAoM kA pAvana Asana hotI thIM evaM unakI zArIrika rUpa meM upasthiti kA pratIka samajhI jAtI thiiN| adRzya devatAoM kI pUjA sthAnIya loga kiyA karate the, jo ina vediyoM para aneka prakAra ke car3hAve aura bheMTa, jinameM puSpa-patrAdi bhI sammilita hote the, arpita kiyA karate the| lokadevatAoM kI pUjA atyaMta prAcInakAla se pracalita hai aura aba bhI bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM meM grAmadevatAoM kI upAsanA ke rUpa meM jIvita hai| pAyAga-paToM para tIrthaMkaroM tathA stUpoM kA nirUpaNa isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki vediyoM yA pIThoM para sthApita ye zilApaTTa kevala arghyapaTToM yA bali-paTToM ke rUpa meM hI kAma nahIM dete the, jahA~ tIrthaMkaroM tathA stUpoM kI pUjA karane ke lie patra-puSpAdi tathA car3hAve aura bheMTa kI anya vastueM arpita kI jAtI thIM, jaisA ki vizaddha prAlaMkArika zilApaTToM ke sAtha hotA thA, varana ye nirUpaNa isa bAta kI ora bhI saMketa karate haiM ki ye AyAga-paTa bhI, deva-nirmita stupa meM sthApita prata kI mUrti kI hI bhA~ti, pUjya the| vicArAdhIna toraNa-zIrSa para aMkita stUpa ke sammakha do pAyAgapaToM para puSpa varSA kA jisa DhaMga se citraNa kiyA gayA hai usase isa dhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai| 1 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 109-12. / agravAla (vI esa). aSTamaMgalaka mAlA. jarnala praoNpha di iNDiyana sosAiTI praoNpha morieNTala ArTa, nyU sIrIja.2; 1967-68; 1-3. 2 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 69. 3 isa sabaMdha meM bUlara ke ye zabda dhyAna dene yogya haiM : pAyAga zabda rAmAyaNa 1, 32, 12 (bambaI saMskaraNa) meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai, aura TIkAkAra ne isakI vyAkhyA yAjanIya devatA, eka devatA jisakI pUjA kI jAnI cAhie, arthAt zraddhA evaM sammAna kI eka vastu ke rUpa meM kI hai. epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 1; 396, TippaNI kra. 28. 67

Page #114
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I. [ bhAga 2 jisa prakAra bauddhoM kI dAna-pravRtti ne sAmAnyataH stUpoM kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA, mathurA kI tatkAlIna jainoM kI dAna-pravRtti prAyAga-paToM ke rUpa meM rUpAyita huii| puNya prApta karane ke uddezya se dharmaniSTha samarpaNoM ke rUpa meM vediyoM para ina zilApaTToM kA pratiSThApana karane kI prathA saMbhavata: usa samaya apracalita ho gayI jaba stUpoM ke cAroM pAzvoM meM, maMdiroM tathA pavitra sthAnoM meM lagha pIThikAnoM yA pAdapIThoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI pratiSThApanA karane kI prathA vyApaka rUpa se pracalita ho gyii| tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ tathA anya pratimAe~ mathurA ne, jo kalA kA eka bahusarjaka kendra rahA hai, jaina pratimA-vijJAna ke vikAsa meM bhI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyaa| tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita ghaTanAoM ke bahuta kama zilpAMkana hue haiM, jaise ki nIlAMjanA kA nRtya, jise dekhakara RSabhadeva ko saMsAra se vairAgya hA; aura jaisA ki kalpa-sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai, harinagameSI kA citraNa, jisane mahAvIra ke bhraNa ko brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha se nikAlakara kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM sthApita kara diyA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mathurA ke kalAkAroM evaM unake grAhakoM ko anya kisI vastu kI apekSA tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ne adhika AkarSita kiyA, pariNAmasvarUpa prathama zatAbdI IsavI se lekara gupta-kAla taka mathurA kI zilpazAlA meM bhArI saMkhyA meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huaa| Adya tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ AyAga-paToM para utkIrNa haiM, jinheM bUlara ne kaniSka-pUrva yuga kA ThaharAyA hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM zIrSa para chatra sahita digaMbara tIrthaMkara ko padmAsana mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| lAMchana (paricaya-cihna) aMkita nahIM kiye gaye haiN| pariNAmataH zIrSa para sapta-phaNa-nAga-chatra ke dvArA kevala pArzvanAtha ko hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| kuSANa yuga kI mUrtiyA~ bhArI saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiM, jinameM bahuta-sI abhilekhAMkita haiM aura aneka para kuSANa-zAsakoM kI tithiyA~ aMkita haiM, jo kaniSka zAsanakAla ke varSa 5 se lekara vAsudeva zAsanakAla ke varSa 18 taka kI haiN| paravatI kAla ke alaMkaraNa Adi se rahita, isa yuga kI tIrthaMkaramUrtiyoM kI racanA prAyaH samAna hai, kyoMki bheda pradarzita karanevAle lAMchanoM kA prayoga bhI tabataka vikasita nahIM huA thaa| pariNAmasvarUpa samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekhoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM ke abhAva meM, 1 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 11. / buleTina oNpha myUjiyamsa eNDa prApaoNlaoNjI ina yU pI. 9; 1972, jUna; 47-48. 2 tathApi, DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina kA mata (vyaktigata patra-vyavahAra meM) yaha hai ki ye zilpAMkana kaMsa ke kArAgAra meM raha rahI devakI ke navajAta zizuoM ke bhadrilapura ke eka vyApArI sudRSTa kI patnI alakA ke saMrakSaNa meM sthAnAMtaraNa kI ora saMketa karate haiM. 3 eka mUrti para varSa 4 aMkita hai (lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 16) jo anumAnata: kuSANa-zAsakoM dvArA prayukta savat kA varSa hai.

Page #115
adhyAya 6] mathurA mathurA - tIrthaMkara mUti citra 17

Page #116
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 mathurA - sarvatobhadrikA pratimA, do ora kA dRzya citra 18

Page #117
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA mathurA - AryavatI yakSI citra 19

Page #118
vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 12ju Mahara anitator Ta 120 mathurA - sarasvatI citra 20 i [ bhAga 2

Page #119
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA pArzvanAtha ko chor3a kara jinake zIrSa para sarpa ke phaNoMvAlA eka chatra aMkita rahatA hai, aura RSabhanAtha ko chor3akara, jinakI kezarAzi unake skaMdhoM para laharAtI hai, vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI pRthak-pRthaka pahacAna karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ina mUrtiyoM ke, jo sAmAnyata: vastrahIna haiM, vakSa para zrIvatsa cihna aMkita hai| bhAmaNDala vRttAkAra hai, jisakA kinArA kucha mUrtiyoM meM sIpa kI kora ke samAna utkIrNa hai| ye matiyA~ dhyAna-mudrA (citra 17) padmAsana meM athavA kAyotsarga mudrA meM nirmita haiN| aneka mUrtiyoM meM muNDita zIrSa dikhAye gaye haiM, jaba ki anya aneka mUrtiyoM meM keza haiM, jo choTe aura kuNDalita rUpa meM dhuMgharAle haiM athavA zIrSa ke cAroM ora navacaMdrAkAra ghaMgharoM ke rUpa meM utkIrNa haiN| RSabhanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM ulajhI huI laTe pIche kI ora bikharI huI haiN| sAmAnyataH uSNISa nahIM hai| pAdapITha ke agrabhAga para kahIM-kahIM dharma-cakra utkIrNa hai| paricaya-cihnoM ke abhAva meM aura caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke eka sAtha paMktibaddha rakhe jAne ke kAraNa, yaha jJAta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki isa yuga meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI kalpanA kara lI gayI thI aura use mUrta rUpa pradAna kara diyA gayA thA athavA nahIM, yadyapi isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki kama se kama sAta tIrthaMkaroM kA AvirbhAva ho cukA thaa| anekoM caumukha mUrtiyoM kI prApti se siddha hotA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM meM cAra mathurA ke jaina samudAya dvArA vizeSa rUpa se parama pAvana tathA pUjya mAna liye gaye the| aisI mUrtiyoM ko samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekhoM meM pratimA sarvatobhadrikA' kahA gayA hai (paravartI kAloM meM yaha 'caumukha-pratimA' ke nAma se vikhyAta thI), jinameM eka pratimA varSa 5 kI hai, jo ki anumAnataH kaniSkazAsana kA varSa hai / isa prakAra kI AkarSaka pratimAoM meM (citra 18) eka prastarakhaNDa ke cAroM ora eka-eka tIrthaMkara kI mUrti banI hotI hai| isa prakAra kI adhikAMza pratimAoM meM do ora banI mUrtiyoM ko saralatApUrvaka pahacAnA jA sakatA hai ki ve RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI haiM, jo kramazaH laToM aura sarpaphaNoM se pRthak-pRthak pahacAna liye jAte haiN| zeSa do mUrtiyoM meM se eka nizcaya hI mahAvIra kI hai aura dUsarI neminAtha kI ho sakatI hai kyoMki kRSNa aura balarAma kA cacerA bhAI hone ke kAraNa neminAtha kA matharA meM vizeSa sammAna kiyA jAtA thA / zIrSa para chatra-yakta ye sarvatobhadrikA pratimAeM saMbhavata: mukhya stUpa kI pAvana parisImAnoM ke bhItara khule sthAna meM pratiSThita kI jAtI thiiN| yahA~ eka zilApaTTa kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jisapara stUpoM kA varNana karate samaya vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai aura jisapara varSa 66 kA eka samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekha aMkita hai / isa stUpa ke do pakSoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI cAra padmAsana mUrtiyA~, pratyeka ora do-do, zilpAMkita haiN| eka aora ke UparI bhAga meM eka mUrti pArzvanAtha kI hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha phalaka cAra matiyoM kI pratiSThApanA kA vicAra abhivyakta karatA ho, jo yA to stUpa kI cAra pramukha 1 upalabdha zilAlekhoM meM vardhamAna-mahAvIra, RSabhanAtha, pArzvanAtha, ariSTanemi (neminAtha) aura sambhavanAtha ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai. zAntinAtha kA nAma bUlara ne eka samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekha meM saMdehapUrvaka par3hA hai. (epigrAfiyA iNDikA.1; 383.), jabaki vAjapeyI ne eka zilAlekha meM, jo varSa 79 (epigrAfiyA iNDikA. 25 204) yA 49 kA hai (lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 47). nandyAvarta ke sthAna para munisuvrata par3hA hai . 2 jarnala praoNpha da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAiTI. 23; 1950; 36. 69

Page #120
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 dizAoM ke sammukha yA stUpa ke hI cAroM ora bane bAloM ke bhItara pratiSThApita kI jAtI thiiN| kuSANa tathA kuSANottara-yuga ke eka mahattvapUrNa varga kI mUrtiyoM meM eka tIrthakara kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai, jise neminAtha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA gayA hai aura jisake pArzva meM balarAma tathA vAsudeva-kRSNa kI mUrtiyA~ nirmita haiN| paravartI kuSANa yuga kI isa prakAra kI eka mUrti meM balarAma ko sapta-phaNa-chatra aura cAra bhujAoM sahita dikhAyA gayA hai| UparI dAhine hAtha meM eka hala hai aura nicalA bAyA~ hAtha kamara para rakhA huA hai| vAsudeva-kRSNa ke UparI bAyeM hAtha meM eka gadA hai aura UparI dAhine hAtha meM eka cakra hai; zeSa do hAthoM meM jo vastue~ haiM, ve TUTa gayI haiN| mUrtiyoM ke Upara eka prakSipta chatra hai tathA vetasa kI, jo neminAtha kA kaivalya-vakSa thA, pattiyA~ citrita kI huI haiN| anya mUrtiyoM meM do vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya haiN| eka mUrti (rA0 saM0 la0, je-1) tIna paricArikAoM sahita yakSI pAryavatI kI zilpAkRti hai, jo lAla baluA patthara ke pUjA-paTTa para utkIrNa hai| paricArikAeM hAtha meM chatra, camara aura mAlA liye hue haiN| unake sAtha hAtha jor3e hue eka bAla AkRti hai (citra 16) / isa pUjA-paTTa para, jo saMbhavata: pAyAga-paTa hai, amohinI kA eka samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekha hai, jo mahAkSatrapa zoDAsa ke varSa 72 (15 I.) kA hai| AryavatI apanI bAyIM bhujA ko kaTi ke nikaTa aura dakSiNa bhujA ko abhaya-mudrA meM rakhe hue sama-pada meM khar3I hai; isa AryavatI kA mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI mUrti, jo aba yadyapi zIrSavihIna hai, atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki yaha abataka khoja nikAlI gayI sarasvatI (citra 20) kI prAcInatama jaina mUrti hai| varSa 54 (132 I0) kI isa marti para eka samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekha hai| eka AyatAkAra pAdapITha para Upara kI ora ghaTane mor3akara baiThI huI yaha devI, jise vizeSa rUpa se sarasvatI nAma diyA gayA hai, kaTisthita apane bAyeM hAtha meM eka pustaka liye hue hai / kaMdhe taka uThe hue dAhine hAtha kI TUTI huI hathelI meM saMbhavataH eka mAlA grahaNa kI huI thii| itane purAtana kAla meM vidyA kI devI sarasvatI kI mUrti kA pratiSThApita kiyA jAnA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina loga kevala vidyA kI prApti ko 1 pU0 saM0 ma0, 2502. / jarnala oNpha da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAyaTI. 233; 1950; 50 tathA paravartI. 2 epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 25 199. / sarakAra (DI sI). selekTa iMsakripzansa. 1. 1965. kalakattA. pR 120. 3 rA0 saM0 la0, je-24. / lyUDarsa, pUrvokta, kramAMka 54. 70

Page #121
adhyAya 6 ] mathurA hI bhArI mahattva nahIM dete the apitu unhoMne atyaMta prAcIna kAla meM hI sAhityika gatividhi bhI AraMbha kara dI thI / 1 prathama aura dvitIya IsavI zatAbdiyoM kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~, vedikA staMbhoM tathA toraNazIrSo para aMkita mUrtiyoM se pRthak varga aura zailI kI haiN| vizAla skaMdha tathA vakSa evaM Adima sthUlatA inakI vizeSatA hai / unmIlita nayanoMvAlI ina mUrtiyoM kI mudrA kucha kaThora hai tathA ye abhivyakti evaM lAlityavihIna haiM / yaha sthiti isa kAraNa nahIM ho sakatI ki yA to usa yuga ke kalAkAra meM kalA-kauzala kI nyUnatA thI yA usameM yakSoM kI zrAdikAlIna mRNmUrtiyoM kI - jo AraMbha meM buddha, bodhisatvoM tathA tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa ke lie pratirUpa kA kArya detI thIM - vizeSatAoM ko banAye rakhane kI rUr3hivAdI bhAvanA vidyamAna thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yadyapi kalAkAra ke lie mAnava mUrtiyoM kI racanA kA kArya sAmAnyataH sugama thA kintu vaha sAdhuvarga ke anuzAsana se ba~dhA huA thA, jisake anusAra use tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ isa rUpa meM gar3hanI thIM ki unase unake kaThora jIvana evaM tapazcaryA kA mahattva jhalakatA ho / phira bhI, koI vyakti yaha soce binA nahIM raha sakatA ki apanI prAtmika zakti, dRr3ha icchAzakti tathA dharmAnuzAsana ke lie vikhyAta zAntamanA tIrthaMkaroM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko abhivyakta karane meM kalAkAra ko saphalatA nahIM milI hai / yaha bAta aMgoM kI racanA, vizeSakara mukhAkRti se prakaTa honevAle bhAvoM se spaSTa ho jAtI hai / aMgoM kI racanA adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM anupAtahIna aura prAyaH sthUla hai / tathApi isa yuga ke aMta meM mUrtikAroM ne praryApta pragati kii| unakI mUrtiyoM meM pUrNataH tanmaya, zAMta evaM ciMtanazIla bhAvanA kI abhivyakti, AkarSaka saMtulana, evaM lAvaNya jaise guNoM kA udaya hone lagA / gupta kAla kI AdhyAtmika rUpa se - daidIpyamAna mUrtiyoM meM ye guNa caramotkarSa para pahu~ca gaye the / 1 jaina ( jyoti prasAda ). jaina sorseja graoNpha da hisTrI zraoNpha eNzyeNTa iNDiyA ( I0 pU0 100-900 I0 ). 1964. facet. 100-19. 71 devalA mitrA

Page #122
adhyAya 7 pUrva bhArata bihAra bhArata ke samasta pradezoM meM bihAra jaina dharma kA prAcInatama gar3ha rahA hai| isake aneka grAma aura nagara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI caraNa-raja se gauravAnvita hue the| bhArata ke mahAjanapadoM meM se tInavRji, magadha aura aMga-kI rAjadhAniyA~ tathA pramukha nagara unase vizeSa rUpa se saMbaMdhita rahe haiN| vaji rAjya-maNDala meM licchaviyoM aura videhoM sahita ATha yA nau rAjakula sammilita the / licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI mahAvIra kA janmasthAna thii| ve usake upanagara kuNDagrAma meM janame the| unakI mAtA licchavi-pradhAna ceTaka kI bahana (eka anya paraMparA ke anusAra putrI) thiiN| apane bhramaNa ke samaya mahAvIra ne aneka cAturmAsa vaizAlI aura usake upanagara vANijya-grAma meM bitAye the| chaha cAturmAsa unhoMne videha kI rAjadhAnI mithilA meM bhI vyatIta kiye the| magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha bhI cAturmAsa ke lie mahAvIra kA priya sthAna thii| yahA~ aura isake samIpavartI nAlaMdA grAma meM unhoMne caudaha cAturmAsa vyatIta kiye| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra, zreNika bimbasAra, jisakA vivAha vaizAlI ke ceTaka kI kanyA celanA se huA thA, aura usakA putra kuNika-ajAtazatru mahAvIra ke bhakta the| aMga deza kI rAjadhAnI campA bhI, jise bimbasAra ne magadha sAmrAjya meM milA liyA thA, mahAvIra kA priya vAsasthAna thii| mahAvIra ke nirvArNoparAMta bhI pUrvI bhArata meM jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya prApta hotA rhaa| ajAtazatru ke uttarAdhikArI aura dharmaparAyaNa jaina matAvalambI udayabhadra ne magadha (jisameM licchivi sAmaMta pradeza ko isa samaya taka sammilita kara liyA gayA thA) ke siMhAsana para AsIna hote hI navanirmita rAjadhAnI pATaliputra meM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa kraayaa| nanda narezoM kI bhI jaina dharma kI ora anukUla pravRtti thI aura unake maMtrI jaina matAvalambI the| jaina paraMparAoM ke anusAra nanda zAsana kA aMta karanevAlA candragupta maurya bhI apane jIvana ke aMtima dinoM meM jaina dharma ke prabhAva meM A gayA thA aura jaba magadha meM eka bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A taba usane muni bhadrabAhu aura bahuta-se 1 majumadAra (Ara sI) tathA pusAlakara (e DI), saMpA. eja praoNpha impIriyala yUniTI. 1960. bambaI. pR 29. 72

Page #123
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha apanI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra ko tyAgakara dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyA thA / kahA jAtA hai ki yaha durbhikSa bAraha varSoM taka rahA aura isakI samApti ke uparAMta pATaliputra meM Agama ke saMkalana hetu pahalI jaina pariSada Ayojita kI gyii| yadyapi candragupta ke pautra azoka ne bauddha dharma kA pracAra bar3e utsAha ke sAtha kiyA, to bhI, usane nigranthoM (jainoM) kI avahelanA nahIM kI jaisA ki usake saptama staMbha-lekha se vidita hotA hai| isameM usane kahA hai ki usake dharmamahAmAtra binA kisI bhedabhAva ke bauddha saMghoM, brAhmaNoM, AjIvikoM aura nirgranthoM kA kArya samAna bhAva se karate the| usake uttarAdhikAriyoM meM samprati dharmaparAyaNa jaina zAsaka thaa| dharma pracAra ke lie usane paryApta prayatna kiye aura jaina bhavanoM kA nirmANa karAyA / / yadyapi yaha nizcita hai ki isa yuga meM jaina dharma utkarSazIla thA, tathApi yaha eka samasyAmUlaka bAta hI hai ki bihAra meM kevala isa avadhi ke hI nahIM apitu isase pUrva kI avadhi ke bhI jaina smArakoM aura purAvazeSoM kA nitAMta abhAva-sA hai| yahA~ taka ki vaizAlI (Adhunika basAr3ha, jilA vaizAlI) meM bhI, jo mahAvIra se itanI adhika saMbaddha rahI hai aura jahA~ munisuvratanAtha kA eka stUpa hone kI sUcanA milatI hai, prAraMbhika kAla kA eka bhI jaina smAraka abataka nahIM mila sakA hai|2 rAjagRha (Adhunika rAjagira, jilA nAlaMdA) meM jisa prAcInatama jaina smAraka kI pahacAna kI jA sakI hai, vaha hai do zailotkIrNa guphAoM kA eka samUha jisameM se pazcimI guphA ko sonabhaNDAra kahA jAtA hai / isa guphA ke agrabhAga ke zilAlekha (jisameM arhatoM kI pratimAe~ pratiSThApita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai) kI purAlipi ke AdhAra para ye guphAe~ sAmAnyataH IsA kI tIsarI yA cauthI zatI kI batAyI gayI haiN| tathApi jaisA ki zrI sarasvatI' kA bhI mata hai, ye guphAe~ isa avadhi se bhI pahale kI 1 majUmadAra tathA pusAlakara, pUrvokta, pR 89./ zAha ( yu pI ). sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa. 6. 2 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 9 aura 62. 3 kuraizI ( ema eca ) tathA ghoSa (e). rAjagira. 1958. naI dillI. pR 25. majUmadAra aura pusAlakara, pUrvokta, pR 503 para sarasvatI ke vicAra. [draSTavya : adhyAya 11 aura citra 51 ka. pUrvI guphA ke Adya guptakAlIna zilpAMkanoM aura pazcimI guphA kI bAhya bhitti para usI avadhi ke isa Azaya ke zilAlekha kI -- ki AcAryaratna muni vairadeva ne nirvANa prApti ke lie ina donoM guphAoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura unameM arhatoM kI pratimAeM pratiSThita karAyI thIM -- kAlakrama kI dRSTi se pRthak kara pAnA kaThina hai| yaha bAta samajha meM AtI hai ki isa pradeza meM jahA~ zailotkIrNa vAstu-smArakoM kA lagabhaga abhAva hai, zaila-sthApatya kalA kA vikAsa yadi nitAMta avidyamAna na bhI rahA ho to vaha dhImA avazya rahA hogaa| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki eka ora sonabhaNDAra guphAoM meM aura dUsarI ora barAbara aura nAgArjunI kI maurya guphAoM meM kyoM samAnatA hai / jisake AdhAra para sarasvatI ne sonabhaNDAra guphA ko prAcInatara batAyA hai| ina guphAoM kI prAcInatA ko siddha karane ke pramANasvarUpa yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki ukta zilAlekha IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI kA hai: jaina (hIrAlAla). bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna. 1962. bhopAla. pR 308-309. kintu purAlipizAstra kI dRSTi se yaha mAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai -- saMpAdaka] 73

Page #124
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 pratIta hotI haiM / jaina muniyoM ke rahane yogya ye guphAeM vizAla AyatAkAra kakSa hai| bhittiyoM se bAhara nikalI huI toraNAkAra chata kisI aprakaTa zilAphalaka se prAraMbha hotI hai / pazcimI guphA kI eka prAraMbhika viziSTatA yaha hai ki isake dvAra-staMbha DhaluvA~ haiM aura Upara kI apekSA nIce adhika caur3e haiM / yaha prastara-zilpa meM kASTha-zilpa kA nirarthaka anukaraNa hai| yaha guphA pUrvI guphA se bar3I hai / isameM eka choTA-sA caukora vAtAyana hai, jisake kone bhI sAde aura DhaluvA~ haiN| bhittiyoM para bar3hiyA pAliza ke bhI cihna milate haiM / isameM bane koTaroM se patA calatA hai ki isameM pahale dvAra-paTa lage hue the| pATaliputra (paTanA) ke upanagara lohAnIpura se prAcIna jaina purAvazeSa mile haiN| isa sthAna se prApta hue the-prastara ke do nagna dhar3a, eka zIrSa kA nicalA bhAga, eka khaNDita hAtha yA paira aura IMTanirmita eka nIMvAdhAra (2.68 varga mITara) tathA nIMva meM ghisI huI eka chidrayukta rjtmudraa|' durbhAgyavaza isa khoja ke pazcAt suniyojita utkhanana nahIM kiyA gayA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa hama Aja taka prAcInatama jaina adhiSThAnoM ke purAvazeSoM ke viSaya meM aMdhakAra meM haiN| balue patthara ke bane khaNDita zIrSa aura do meM se eka dhar3a (citra 21 ka) meM viziSTa mauryayugIna pAliza hai| spaSTataH ve mauryakAlIna haiM / zIrSa, jo dhar3a ke anupAta se bar3A hai, pratyakSataH kisI anya mUrti kA hai / nAsikA ke Upara kA bhAga vidyamAna nahIM hai| upalabdha bhAga kI jA~ca se pratIta hotA hai ki suDaula aoSThayukta mukha gola thA / yadyapi pAlizayukta dhar3a kI donoM bhujAoM kA adhikAMza bhAga naSTa ho cukA hai, tathApi, aisA lagatA hai ki yaha mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM thI aura usakI bhujAeM jaMghAoM taka laTakatI thiiN| isa anumAna ko na kevala bAhuoM ke avaziSTa UparI bhAga aura zarIra kI racanA se samarthana milatA hai apita, jaMghAnoM para, jahA~ hathelI yA kalAI kA sparza hotA hai, bane cihnoM ke saMketoM se bhii| nissaMdeha yaha mUrti tIrthakara kI hai| dhar3a kI pratikRti, jo gola hai, bahuta kucha svAbhAvika hai| usapara dakSa kalAkAra kI chApa spaSTa dikhAI detI hai / mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se yaha pratikRti lohAnIpura se prApta dUsare dhar3a (citra 21 kha) kI apekSA utkRSTatara hai| kAyotsarga mudrAvAle dUsare dhar3a kI bhujAeM choTI hone se beDaula lagatI haiN| Adima yakSa mUrtiyoM kI paraMparA kI tulanA meM yaha dhar3a IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatI se adhika prAcIna nahIM pratIta hotA / causA (jilA bhojapura) meM aThAraha jaina kAMsya mUrtiyoM kI Akasmika prApti ne isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA ko bar3hA diyA hai ki ukta sthAna yA usake samIpavartI sthAnoM se prAcIna jaina purAvazeSa mila sakate haiN| durbhAgyavaza, yahA~ bhI suniyojita sarvekSaNa aura utkhanana ke AdhAra para anveSaNa nahIM kiyA 1 jAyasavAla (ke pI). jaina imeja oNpha maurya pIriyaDa. jarnala oNpha bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI. 23; 1937; 130-32. / banarjI-zAstrI (e). mauryana skalpacarsa phraoNma lohAnIpura, paTanA, pUrvokta, 24; 1940%; 120-24. 14

Page #125
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata gyaa| prApta purAvazeSoM meM tIrthakaroM kI solaha mUrtiyA~, eka azoka vRkSa aura eka staMbha para eka dharma-cakra (citra 21 ga) sammilita haiN| inameM se dharma-cakra kI tithi IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM dasa kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM jaba ki chaha padmAsana dhyAna-mudrA meM / yaha mUrti-samUha isa tathya ke kAraNa atyaMta mUlyavAna haiM ki ye mUrtiyA~ lagabhaga cAra sau varSoM ke dIrghakAla meM nirmita huI haiM aura ye prAyogika yUga se lekara gapta-yuga kI sanirmita lalita matiyoM ke cara taka kAMsya mUrtikAroM kI kalAtmaka upalabdhiyoM kA lekhA prastuta karatI haiN| padmAsana mUrtiyoM meM se do, zailI ke AdhAra para, paravartI kUSANayuga se Adyagupta-yuga taka kI ho sakatI haiN| zeSa cAra guptayuga kI haiN| sabhI digaMbara khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~ kuSANa-pUrva se lekara gupta-kAla taka kI haiN| inameM se kucha mUrtiyA~ DhUMTha jaisI TA~goM, aparipakva kauzala aura beDaula pratirUpaNavAlI haiM tathA loka-paraMparAoM para AdhArita haiM / ye Adima mUrtiyA~ kuSANayuga se kucha pahale kI pratIta hotI haiN| paTanA-saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti kramAMka 6530 (citra 22 ka) kuSANa-kalA kA eka suMdara udAharaNa hai| vizAla vakSa, gola mukha aura unmIlita netra isakI vizeSatAeM haiM aura yaha mathurA-kalA kI paraMparA meM hai| yahA~ bhI TA~goM ke nirmANa para dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM nirmita mUrtiyoM meM (citra 22 kha) vibhinna aMgoM ko AnupAtika aura sudara racanA meM paryApta pragati parilakSita hotI hai| kisI bhI mUrti meM paricaya-cihna kA nirmANa nahIM kiyA gayA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI pahacAna kramazaH unakI jaTAoM aura phaNAvalI se hI kI jA sakatI hai| eka surakSita mUrti ke vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| pazcima baMgAla yaha nizcayapUrvaka jJAta nahIM hai ki baMgAla meM jaina dharma kaba bhalIbhA~ti pratiSThita hyaa| prAcArAMga sUtra se vidita hotA hai ki lADha (arthAt rADha) meM jisameM vajjabhUmi (vajra bhUmi) aura subbhabhUmi (suhamabhUmi) sammilita thI, bhramaNa karate samaya mahAvIra ke sAtha acchA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| divyAvadAna meM ullikhita eka pAkhyAna ke AdhAra para sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai 1 gupta (paramezvarI lAla), saMpA. paTanA myujiyama kaiTelAga praoNpha eNTikviTIja. 1965. paTanA. pR 116-17, prasAda (harikizora) jaina bronjeja ina paTanA myujiyama. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubalI vaoNlyUma. 1968. bambaI. pR 275-83. 2 [draSTavya : adhyAya 11 - saMpAdaka] 3 jainasUtrAja. bhAga 1. prAcArAMga sUtra. anu : haramana jaikobI. saikreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa, 22. 1884. AksaphorDa. pR85. 75

Page #126
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I. [ bhAga 2 ki azoka ke zAsanakAla meM uttara baMgAla meM puNDavardhananagara jaina dharma aura AjIvika mata kA gar3ha thaa| isa AkhyAna ke anusAra, azoka ko jaba patA lagA ki puNDavardhananagara (Adhunika mahAsthAnagar3ha, jilA bogarA, bAMglAdeza) ke eka nigraMtha upAsaka ne eka aisA citra banAyA hai jisameM buddha ko nigraMtha ke caraNoM para par3A dikhAyA hai, to usane puNDavardhananagara ke aThAraha hajAra AjIvikoM kI hatyA karA dii| kalpasUtra ke nUtana saMskaraNa se pahale baMgAla ke adhikAMza bhAga meM jaina dharma sthApita ho cukA thaa| yaha bAta isa graMtha meM varNita tAmraliptikA (prAcIna tAmralipti, Adhunika tamaluka, jilA midanApura), koTivarSIyA (prAcIna koTivarSa ke nAma para saMbhavata: pazcima dInAjapura kA bAnagar3ha) aura candragupta maurya ke samakAlIna bhadrabAhu ke ziSya godAsa dvArA sthApita eka gaNa kI puNDavardhanIyA zAkhA ke ullekhoM se siddha hotI hai| yadyapi apane vartamAna svarUpa meM kalpasUtra ke pATha kA yaha natana saMskaraNa IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatI se pUrva kA nahIM hai, tathApi isameM pracara mAtrA meM prAcIna paraMparAoM kA ullekha hai| jaisA ki mathurA ke pahalI zatI IsavI aura paravartI zilAlekhoM se siddha hotA hai, ina zilAlekhoM meM kula aura zAkhAoM sahita aneka gaNoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai jinakA vivaraNa kalpasUtra meM milatA hai| mathurA kI eka jaina mUrti ke pAdapITha para prApta 62veM varSa (140 I0) ke zilAlekha meM zaraka nAma se eka jaina bhikSu kA ullekha hai jisakI vyAkhyA rAra' kA nivAsI kI gayI hai aura 'rAra' kI samatA rADha (pazcima baMgAla) se kI gayI hai| durbhAgya se isa kAla kA eka bhI jaina purAvazeSa baMgAla meM nahIM milA hai| jaina saMbaMdhI jo sabase prAcIna abhilekha milA hai, vaha hai gupta-saMvat ke 156veM varSa kA pahAr3apura (jilA rAjazAhI, bAMglA deza) se prApta tAmrapatra / isa tAmrapatra meM yaha ullekha hai ki baTa-gohAlI ke vihAra meM caMdana, dhUpa, puSpa, dIpakoM Adi se ahaMtoM kI vidhivat pUjA ke hetu eka brAhmaNa dampati dvArA bhUmi kA dAna diyA gayA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki isa vihAra ke adhiSThAtA kAzI ke paMca-stUpa-nikAya se saMbaMdhita nigraMtha zramaNAcArya guhanandi ke ziSya aura ziSyoM ke ziSya the / ataH yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki ukta vihAra caturtha zatI I0 meM pahAr3apura meM vidyamAna rahA ho / jaina dharma ke pUrvokta kendra kA astitva isase pahale bhI yahA~ thA yA nahIM, yaha abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| ur3IsA bahuta prAcIna samaya se kaliMga (jisameM ur3IsA kA adhikAMza bhAga sammilita thA) jaina dharma kA gar3ha thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ne isa pradeza kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| IsA-pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM divyAvadAna. buddhisTa saMskRta TeksTsa . 1959. darabhagA. pU 277./ majUmadAra (Ara sI). jainijma ina aiMzyeMTa baMgAla. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubalI vaoNlyUma. 1. pR 135. jaikobI, pUrvokta, pR 288. 3 banyopAdhyAya (Ara DI). mathurA iMskripzansa ina da iNDiyana myujiyama. janala praoNpha eziyATika sosAyaTI praoNpha baMgAla. nyU sIrIja. 53; 239-240. 4 majUmadAra, pUrvokta, pR 136. 5 epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 20%; 1929-30%; 59-64. 16

Page #127
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata (ka) lohAnIpura - tIrthaMkara mUrti kA dhar3a (kha) lohAnIpura - tIrthaMkara mUrti kA dhar3a citra 21 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #128
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 (ka) causA kAMsya mUrti tIrthakara, (ga) causA IN CONTENT azoka vRkSa tathA dharma cakra, kAMsya nirmita citra 22 (kha) bIsA kAMsya mUrti [ bhAga 2 RSabhanAtha,

Page #129
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata udayagiri - guphA saM09, bAharI bhAga citra 23 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #130
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 RSEER udayagiri - guphA saM0 9, nicalA tala, upAsya-nimiti, pUjA-dRzya citra 24

Page #131
adhyAya 7 ] [ pUrva bhArata udayagiri - guphA saM0 1, bAharI bhAga citra 25

Page #132
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 khaNDagiri - guphA saM0 3, bAharI bhAga citra 26

Page #133
adhyAya 7] pUrva bhArata khaNDagiri - guphA saM0 3, toraNa-zIrSa-sthita (kalpa) vRkSa-pUjA citra 27

Page #134
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 khaNDagiri 36 guphA saM0 3, toraNa zIrSa para gaja lakSmI citra 28 [ bhAga 2

Page #135
adhyAya 7] pUrva bhArata hI kaliMga meM jaina dharma kI nIMva par3a cukI thii| yaha bAta kaliMga ke cedI rAjavaMza ke mahAmeghavAhana kula ke tRtIya nareza khAravela (IsA-pUrva prathama zatI; eka anya mata, jisakI zuddhatA kI saMbhAvanA kama hai, ke anusAra IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatI) ke hAthI gumphA (bhuvanezvara ke nikaTa udayagiri pahAr3I kI guphAoM meM se eka) zilAlekha se siddha hotI hai| isa zilAlekha meM, jo arhatoM aura siddhoM ko namaskAra ke sAtha prAraMbha hotA hai, zaktizAlI zAsaka yaha batAtA hai ki vaha kaliMga kI usa tIrthaMkara mUrti ko puna: le AyA jo pahale eka nanda rAjA dvArA balapUrvaka le jAyI gayI thii| yaha asaMbhava nahIM hai ki kaliMga kI yaha pAvana tIrthaMkara-mUrti mUlarUpa se udayagiri pahAr3I para hI pratiSThApita rahI ho aura bAda meM bhI punaH prApta hone para khAravela ne usakI punarpratiSThA yahA~ kI ho| yaha nicalI pahAr3I aura isake samIpastha khaNDagiri pahAr3I atyaMta prAcIna samaya se hI jaina dharma kA kendra rhii| ina donoM pahAr3iyoM ko vihAra ke rUpa meM cayana karane kA pradhAna kAraNa spaSTa hI inakI aikAMtika sthiti rahI hogI jo dhyAna aura sAdhu-jIvana ke lie upayukta vAtAvaraNa pradAna karatI thii| sAtha hI yaha kaliMga kI janasaMkhyA-bahula rAjadhAnI (jisakI pahacAna zizupAlagar3ha se kI gayI hai jo ina pahAr3iyoM se 10 kilomITara dakSiNa-pUrva meM hai) ke bhI nikaTa par3atI thI, jahA~ munigaNa suvidhApUrvaka dharma-pracAra ke lie jA sakate the aura vahA~ se bhaktagaNa muniyoM ke prati apanI bhakti prakaTa karane aura isa pavitratama sthala para pUjA karane hetu pA sakate the| mahAmeghavAhanoM ke zAsanakAla meM udayagiri aura khaNDagiri pahAr3iyoM ke jaina adhiSThAna kI bahuta unnati huii| hAthIgumphA zilAlekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki khAravela ne, jo jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA, bar3e utsAha ke sAtha isa dharma ke pracAra hetu kArya kiyaa| apane zAsana ke terahaveM varSa meM usane na kevala kumArI-parvata (Adhunika udayagiri) para jaina muniyoM ke lie guphAe~ banavAyIM apitu ina vihAroM ke samIpa hI pahAr3I ke prAgbhAra para eka mUlyavAna bhavana (saMbhavata: eka maMdira) kA nirmANa karAyA jisake lie sudUra khAnoM se prastara-khaNDa lAye gaye the, aura eka staMbha bhI banavAyA jisake kendra meM lahasuniyA maNi lagAyI gayI thii| yadyapi eka bar3I saMkhyA meM khAravela-yuga ke vihAra upalabdha haiM to bhI, zilAlekhoM ke abhAva meM yaha batA sakanA saMbhava nahIM hai ki kauna-sI vizeSa guphAeM isa zAsaka ne banavAyI thiiN| rAjakula ke anya vyakti bhI guphAeM banavAkara dAna karane ke pavitra kArya meM sakriya bhAga lete the| isa prakAra, udayagiri kI guphA saM0 1 (citra 23-24 ke UparI tala, jise sthAnIya 1 isa zilAlekha kA aneka vidvAnoM ne saMpAdana kiyA hai aura usapara apanI rAya vyakta kI hai, jinameM sarakAra bhI haiM. sarakAra (dinezavaMdra). se naikTa iniskrapzansa viriMga oNna iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa sibilAijezana. 1965. kalakattA. pR213-21. 2 udayagiri-khaNDagiri guphAoM ke lie draSTavya : phargusan (jemsa) tathA barjesa (jemsa). keva Tempalsa praoNpha iNDiyA. 1880. landana. pR 55-94. / mitra (rAjendralAla). (eNTikviTIja praoNpha ur3IsA. bhAga 2. 1880. kalakattA. pR 1-46. / phasan (jemsa). hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana eDa IsTarna prAkiTekcara. 1910, landana. pR9-18. | mitrA (debalA). udayagiri eNDa khaNDagiri. 1960. naI dillI. 77

Page #136
D1EG-FHIO* ga gfaat 300 $o go e 300 $o [ HIT 2 APSIDAL STRUCTURE O010 80 UDAYAGIRI KHAN DAGIRI JANA-TEMPLE HO GUPTA-GANGA OEVA-SABHA DHARMASALA 217 AKASA-GANGA -OG INSPECTION BUNGALOW OBEZBANESWARS RADHA KUNDAG 50. O.. 50 100 150 200 250 500 FEET 20 40 60 BOMETRES SYAMA-KUNCA 100-177172 FT (540D2AEOVE MEAN SE A-LEVEL CONTOUR-INTERVAL O FT. (3'048 m.) NUMBERS OF CAVES SHOW. THUS: 0 140 S EVID BY SK GHOTHEK 'Swag rekhAcitra 3. udayagiri evaM khaNDagiri : guphAoM kI rUparekhA

Page #137
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata loga svargapurI kahate haiM) ke mukhabhAga para nirmita samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa tala kA nirmANa khAravela kI paTarAnI kI dAnazIlatA ke kAraNa huA thaa| isa guphA ke nicale tala (jise sthAnIya loga maMcapurI kahate haiM) kI koThariyoM meM se do mahArAja kudepa (yA vakradeva) aura rAjakumAra vaDukha (uvaDukha) ke dvArA samarpita kI gayI thiiN| kudepa khAravela kA uttarAdhikArI rahA pratIta hotA hai / sAmAnyataH guphAoM kA utkhanana zIrSabhAga se prAraMbha huA hai, UparI tala para khAravela kA samarpaNAtmaka zilAlekha nicale tala se pahale kA pratIta hotA hai| yadyapi adhikAMza guphAoM kA utkhanana mahAmeghavAhana zAsakoM ke rAjyakAla (prathama zatI I0 pU0 aura prathama zatI I0) meM huA thA, kucha kA nirmANa unase bhI pahale huA hogA / isa kAla kI eka bhI guphA maMdira ke rUpa meM nahIM banAyI gyii| sabhI guphAoM kA nirmANa jaina muniyoM ke lie vihAroM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha tathya ki guphA-kakSoM kI prAyojanA vihAroM ke rUpa meM huI thI, isa bAta se pramANita hotA hai ki pRSThabhAga meM inake pharza kA prAraMbha DhalAna se hotA hai aura phira eka ora kI bhitti se dUsarI ora kI bhitti taka bar3hatA jAtA hai tAki vaha lagAtAra takiye kA kAma de sake / bahuta samaya pazcAt inameM se kucha AvAsIya kakSa prastara-zilpAMkita tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM tathA kucha anya lagha parivartanoM aura parivardhanoM ke sAtha maMdiroM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diye gaye / ina vihAroM kA nirmANa kisI suvyavasthita tathA yojanAbaddha rUparekhA (rekhAcitra 3) ke anusAra nahIM huA / unakA nirmANa vibhinna U~cAiyoM para kiyA gyaa| caTTAna kI rUparekhA kA anusaraNa kara tathA vibhinna kakSoM ko eka dUsare se saMbaddha karane ke lie AvazyakatAnusAra caTTAna meM hI sIr3hiyA~ kATakara zilpakAroM ne zrama aura dhana donoM kI hI bacata kI thii| guphAoM ke Upara bhAra kama karane ke vicAra se unakI eka icchA yaha bhI rahI hogI ki khudAI zilAkhaNDa ke UparI bhAga ke samIpa kI jAye, kyoMki isa pahAr3I kA baluA patthara jaldI TUTa jAnevAlA patthara hai| apane Atmanigraha ke lie vikhyAta jaina muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie nirmita ina guphAoM meM sukha-suvidhAeM bahuta hI kama thiiN| udayagiri pahAr3I kI adhikAMza guphAoM, jinameM vizeSa rUpa se bar3I rAnIgumphA (guphA 1, citra 25) bhI sammilita hai, kI U~cAI itanI kama hai ki koI vyakti unameM sIdhA khar3A bhI nahIM ho sakatA / zeSa guphAe~ manuSya kI UMcAI se thor3I hI bar3I haiN| kucha guphAe~ itanI saMkarI haiM ki koI bhI vyakti unameM paira nahIM pasAra sktaa| pravezadvAra nizcaya hI bahuta choTe haiM aura ina koThariyoM meM praveza karane ke lie lagabhaga reMganA hI par3atA hai / koThariyoM meM devakulikAe~ nahIM banAyI gayI thiiN| dharmazAstra aura nitAMta Avazyaka vastue~ rakhane ke lie barAmade kI pArzva bhittiyoM meM hI zilA-phalaka utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| koThariyoM kA aMtarima bhAga atyadhika sAdA hai| kintu kucha mahattvapUrNa sthAnoM para unake mukhabhAga evaM barAmadoM kI chatoM ko sahArA denevAle Tor3oM ko zilpAMkana tathA mUrtiyoM se sajAyA gayA hai (citra 33) / 79

Page #138
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 eka pUrNa vikasita vihAra meM eka yA usase adhika koThariyA~ hotI haiM, jinake Age eka barAmadA hotA hai| kahIM-kahIM barAmadoM ke sAmane A~gana ke lie samatala kI huI bhUmi hai, yathA udayagiri kI guphAe~ saM0 1 (rAnI gumphA, citra 25), saM0 6 (maMcapurI aura svargapurI, citra 23) aura 10 (gaNeza gumphA) tathA khaNDagiri kI guphA saM0 3 (anantagumphA, citra 26 aura 27) / barAmadoM ke eka, do yA tIna ora paMktibaddha koThariyA~ haiN| prAyaH eka koTharIvAlI rUparekhA adhika pAyI jAtI hai| rAnIgumphA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM mukhya skaMdha ke samakoNa kI sthiti meM koThariyoM ke do choTe skaMdha haiM jinake sAmane barAmadA hai aura bhUtala para do choTe rakSA-kakSa haiN| sAmAnyataH UparI tala nicale tala para AdhArita nahIM hai, apitu pIche haTakara banAyA gayA hai| aisA prabaMdha yA to bhAra kama karane ke lie yA phira zilAkhaNDa kI DhalavA~ rUparekhA ke kAraNa athavA donoM bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai / svargapurI ke sAmane khule sthAna meM eka zailotkIrNa vedikA (citra 23) Age ko nikalI huI hai, jo eka chajje kA AbhAsa detI hai| kuzala mistriyoM aura abhiyaMtAoM (iMjIniyaroM) ke sthAna para, jinakI kisI bhI sthApatya kRti ke lie AvazyakatA hotI hai, zilpiyoM aura mUrtikAroM dvArA caTTAneM kATakara kASTha, bA~sa aura chappara se nirmita bhavanoM yA AvAsoM kA anukaraNa karake banAyI gayI ye gaphAe~ jaina sthApatyakalA itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI haiN| tatkAlIna jaina bhavanoM ke nitAMta abhAva ke kAraNa unakA mahattva aura bar3ha gayA hai| inakI khudAI karanevAloM ne caTTAnoM meM unhIM bhavanoM kA anukaraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA, jinase ve paricita the| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki lakar3I, khaparaila aura chapparavAle bhavanoM meM vizeSa rUpa se pAye jAnevAle lakSaNoM ko inameM utArA gyaa| yadyapi aisA karanA sthAyitva ko dRSTi se nirarthaka aura anAvazyaka thaa| isa prakAra koThariyoM kI chateM kahIM-kahIM toraNAkAra aura jhoMpar3I ke sadRza unnatodara haiM; Tor3oM para TikI huI barAmadoM kI chateM aura staMbhoM para AdhArita saradala, bA~sa aura lakar3I se nirmita jhoMpar3I ke sadRza koThariyoM kI apekSA bahuta adhika nIce haiN| isI prakAra barAmadoM ke pharza bhI koThariyoM ke dharAtala se nIce haiN| barAmadoM kI chateM paranAle ke rUpa meM bAhara nikalI huI haiM aura ina paranAloM kA aMtarima bhAga chapparavAlI yA lakar3I kI jhoMpar3iyoM ke samAna isa prakAra mur3A huA hai ki barasAtI pAnI AsAnI se nikala jAye / dvAra-staMbha bhItara kI ora jhuke hue haiM jinake kAraNa pravezamArga nIMva ke sthAna para Upara kI apekSA nIce adhika caur3A hai jo cinAI yA prastara-zilpa ke lie upayukta nahIM hai| koThariyoM meM prakAza kI paryApta vyavasthA hai; na kevala isalie ki unake dvAra sIdhe barAmade kI ora yA phira bilakula khule meM khulate haiM, apitu daravAjoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa bhI yaha saMbhava ho sakA hai, jinakI saMkhyA koThariyoM ke AkAra ke AdhAra para eka se cAra taka hai| kucha bahuta virala udAharaNoM meM gavAkSoM kI bhI vyavasthA hai| daravAjoM kI bAharI caukhaToM meM cAroM ora cheda banAye gaye haiM tAki unameM ghUmanevAle lakar3I ke kapATa lagAye jA sakeM / kahIM-kahIM kabjoM ke lie bhI atirikta cheda banAye gaye haiM--deharI aura saradala meM eka-eka--tAki unameM eka hI kapATa lagAyA jA sake / 80

Page #139
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata udayagiri - guphA saM01, nicalA tala, mukhya bhAga, dvitala bhavana kA zilpAMkana citra 29

Page #140
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 udayagiri - guphA saM0 1, nicalA tala, dAhinA bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti, saMgItakAroM se ghirI nartakI citra 30 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #141
adhyAya 7 ] ALIZERT udayagiri - * guphA saM0 1, nicalA tala, dAhinA bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyAM citra 31 pUrva bhArata

Page #142
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 (ka) udayagiri guphA saM0 1, UparI tala, mukhya bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyAM THREE BETH (kha) udayagiri - guphA saM0 1, UparI tala, mukhya bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyAM citra 32 [ bhAga 2

Page #143
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata (ka) udayagiri - guphA saM0 1, UparI tala, mukhya bhAga, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyAM TRATE (kha) udayagiri - guphA saM0 10, barAmade kI pichalI bhitti kI zilpAkRtiyAM citra 33 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #144
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 HATHT-GUMPHA udayagiri - parvata zikhara para ardhavRttAkAra mandira citra 34

Page #145
adhyAya 7] pUrva bhArata udayagiri - parva bhitti se sadhA huA DhaluvAM mArga citra 35

Page #146
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 (ka) udayagiri - yakSI (kha ) udayagiri - pakSI, pRSTha bhAga citra 36 ,

Page #147
adhyAya 7] pUrva bhArata kucha sthAnoM para sIpI cUne ke palastara ke ukhar3e hue bhAgoM se jJAta hotA hai ki guphAoM kI bhittiyoM para kabhI palastara kiyA gayA thA / guphAoM ko do moTe vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai--pahalI sAdI aura binA staMbha ke barAmadevAlI; aura dUsarI, suvyavasthita staMbhayukta barAmadevAlI / isa vargIkaraNa meM kAlakrama kA koI mahattva hai yA nahIM, yaha nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA yadyapi sAmAnya AdhAroM para pahale varga kI kucha guphAeM dUsare varga kI guphAoM se pahale kI pratIta hotI haiM / pahale varga kI guphAeM choTI haiN| adhikAMzataH ye sAmane kI ora khulI haiM aura unameM vAstu saMbaMdhI koI alaMkaraNa nahIM hai| kucha guphAoM meM koTharI kI chata Age nikalI huI hai, jisase eka barAmadA-sA bana jAtA hai; yathA, udayagiri kI guphA saM0 12 (bAgha gumphA) / adhikAMza guphAoM ke, jo sAmane se pUrNataH khulI huI haiM, mukhabhAga para samAnAMtara urekhana dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha jJAta nahIM hai ki aisA koTharI se barasAtI pAnI bAhara nikalane ke lie kiyA gayA thA yA phira kASThanirmita koI vastu rakhane ke lie| inapara zilAlekha nahIM hone ke kAraNa ina gaphAoM kI tithi nizcita kara sakanA kaThina hai| yadi hama dusare varga kI gaphAoM ke vAstu saMbaMdhI lakSaNoM kA parIkSaNa kareM to unake pathakapRthak nirmANakAla meM adhika aMtara pratIta nahIM hotA / sthApatya kI dRSTi se ye guphAeM eka samarUpa varga kI haiM, jinameM vikAsa kI koI ullekhanIya pragati parilakSita nahIM hotii| sabhI kI vizeSatA hai eka prastara-pIThayukta barAmadA / inake staMbha eka hI prakAra ke haiM, jo nIce aura Upara vargAkAra haiM tathA madhya meM aSTakoNAkAra haiM / vargoM ke koNa isa prakAra DhaluvA~ bane haiM ki saMkramaNa sthaloM para (citra 23) ardhavRtta bana gaye haiN| koThariyoM ke mukhabhAgoM, bhitti-staMbhoM, toraNoM aura vedikAoM (citra 31) ke alaMkaraNa eka jaise haiM, kahIM-kahIM goToM kI saMracanA ardhagolAkAra chatoM ke samAna hai / inameM se koI bhI kisI viziSTa sthApatya paraMparA kA AbhAsa nahIM detii| unake vAstuzilpIya lakSaNoM aura zilAlekhoM kI purAlipi ke AdhAra para unakA nirmANakAla IsA-pUrva prathama zatI tathA kucha-kucha dUsarI zatI meM bhI saMbhava mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai (pRSTha 76), isa yuga kI sabhI zailotkIrNa guphAeM jaina muniyoM ke AvAsa hetu banAyI gayI thIM aura unameM se kisI kA bhI nirmANa maMdira ke rUpa meM nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki pUjA ke lie ina pahAr3iyoM ke Upara koI pRthak nirmita-bhavana avazya rahA hogA / saubhAgya se, prastuta paMktiyoM kI lekhikA dvArA udayagiri pahAr3I kI Ubar3a-khAbar3a, DhaluvA~ aura saMkucita coTI para, khAravela ke zilAlekhavAlI zilA kI coTI ke ThIka Upara, thor3I khudAI karavAne para eka bRhat ardhavRttAkAra bhavana (rekhAcitra 4, citra 34) kA nicalA bhAga dRSTigocara huaa| nissaMdeha yaha bhAga hI pUjA kA sthAna thaa| khudAI karane para isa bhavana kI bAharI bhitti kI akSavat laMbAI 23.77 mITara aura AdhArika caur3AI 14.62 mITara pAyI gyii| yaha kaMkarIle zilApaTToM se banI hai jisake adhikatama ATha 81

Page #148
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [bhAga 2 APSIDAL STRUCTURE, UDAYAGIRI BED-ROCK - POST-HOLES. TAL BED-ROCKS W USAND 300OC OID COM LOCALJe DELDood rekhAcitra 4. udayagiri : pahAr3I adhityakA para ardhavRttAkAra bhavana kI rUparekhA stara (radde) mile haiM / bhavana ke bhItara usake ardhavRttAkAra sire para eka vartulAkAra bhitti banI huI thI jisakA aba kaMkarIle zilAphalakavAlA kevala eka hI stara (raddA) zeSa raha gayA hai| isa ardhavRttAkAra bhavana ke bhItara adhikAMza bhAga kaMkarIle zilApaTToM se banAyA gayA hai aura usake nIce kaMkarIlI miTTI bharI gayI hai| uttarI kinAre kI ora, jahA~ balue patthara kI talazilA kucha UMcI thIM, svayaM zilA ko hI bharAva (khaDaMjA) ke samAnAMtara kara diyA gayA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki prastara-khaNDoM ko jor3akara banAyA gayA dharAtala pharza ke uddezya se nahIM banAyA gayA thA apitu kucha UMcA banAyA gayA thA tAki vaha talazilA aura prastara-khaNDa donoM ko DhaMka de / saMbhavataH prastarakhaNDoM ko bichAne kA uddezya yaha thA ki pahAr3I kI coTI ke gaDhDhe bhara jAyeM aura eka Thosa talavAlI bhUmi prApta ho ske| vRttAkAra bhitti ke kucha pattharoM ke bAharI kinAre usa khar3ajA ke Upara AdhArita the| jo bhI ho, vRttAkAra bhitti meM isake koI cihna nahIM milate / ardhavRttAkAra bhavana ke DhA~ce ke bhItara vRttAkAra bhitti ke sAmane bharAva kI AyatAkAra bhUmi para banI bhittiyA~ eka kakSa kA nirmANa karatI thIM yadyapi isa kakSa ke tIna ora kI bhittiyA~ ardhavRttAkAra bhavana ke samAnAMtara banI haI thiiN| vRttAkAra bhavana kI hI bhitti kA eka bhAga kakSa ke pIche kI bhitti kA kAma detA thA kyoMki 82

Page #149
adhyAya 7 ] pUrva bhArata isa ora koI anya bhitti nahIM thI / kaTAvadAra kinAroMvAlI isa kakSa kI pArzva bhittiyoM ke sire vRttAkAra bhitti se itane susaMbaddha rUpa se jur3ate the ki donoM kI vAhya yojanA ardhavRttAkAra ho jAtI thI / isakI aMtaraMga saMracanA barAbara-pahAr3iyoM (bihAra) kI sudAmA guphA aura koNDivaTe (mahArASTra) ke caityagRha se milatI-julatI hai| ina donoM kI bhittiyoM kI upayukta jur3AI ke abhAva meM lekhaka ne pahale yaha samajhA thA ki AyatAkAra kakSa, jisakI bhittiyA~ vRttAkAra bhitti ke samIpa haiM, vRttAkAra bhitti ke uparAMta nirmita kiyA gayA hai / jo bhI ho, bhuvanezvara ke aneka maMdiroM ke sAdRzya ke AdhAra para, jahA~ garbhagRha ke agrabhAga kI bhitti ke samIpa dvAramaNDapa kI bhittiyA~ binA upayukta jur3AI ke banI haiM, aba yaha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai ki kakSa aura vRttAkAra bhitti donoM hI samakAlIna haiN| AyatAkAra kakSa kI tIna bhittiyoM ke madhya meM eka khulA sthAna hai, jo saMbhavataH dvAroM ke lie rakhA gayA hogaa| kyoMki vRttAkAra bhitti khudAI karane para eka radda (stara) taka hI sImita ho gayI hai, usakI ThIka-ThIka racanA aura upayoga kA nizcaya kara pAnA kaThina hai| jo bhI ho, isa pUre bhavana-samUha kI saMracanA bauddha caityagRhoM, unake ardhavRttoM, unakI madhya tathA pArzvavIthiyoM se itanI milatI-julatI hai ki yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki vRttAkAra bhitti ardhavRttAkAra racanA ke garbhagRha ke rUpa meM upayoga meM AtI thI aura AyatAkAra kakSa sabhAmaNDapa yA madhyavIthi kA kAma detA thaa| isa samatA ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakI bAharI bhittiyoM aura bAharI vRttAkAra bhitti ke aMtaraMga siroM ke bIca ke sthAna kA upayoga pradakSiNApatha kI pArzvavIthiyoM ke rUpa meM hotA thA / ardhavRttAkAra bhavana kI nIMva ke pAsa kaMkarIle bhUkhaNDoM ke kinAroM para nirmita tathA kiMcita pIche kI ora jhukI huI do ardhavRttAkAra AdhAra-bhittiyoM kA nirmANa saMbhavataH AyatAkAra kakSa kI do pAva bhittiyoM ke nIce prastara-khaNDoM dvArA bhare gaye gahare bharAva kI surakSA ke lie kiyA gayA thA tAki ve Dhaha na jaayeN| yaha asaMbhava nahIM hai ki bhavana ke cAroM ora bAr3a lagI huI thI kyoMki hAthIgumphA ke sAmane cabUtare ke pAsa pAye gaye malabe ke bIca meM balue patthara ke kucha utkINita vedikAstaMbha mile haiN| ardhavRttAkAra bhavana kI bAharI rUparekhA kA moTA anumAna rAnIgumphA ke dharAtala ke mukhabhAga para kiye gaye zilpAMkanoM (citra 21) ke uttarI bhAga se kiyA jA sakatA hai| ardhavRttAkAra bhavana kI bAharI bhitti ke cAroM ora talazilA meM lagabhaga niyamita aMtara para aneka chidra the| spaSTataH inameM staMbha lagAye jAte the| yaha jJAta nahIM hai ki ye staMbha bAr3a meM prayukta hone ke kAraNa the athavA itane laMbe the ki kisI saradala ko (jisake zIrSabhAga se paranAlA nikalA hai) AdhAra de skeN|

Page #150
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 ardhavRttAkAra bhavana ke uttarI sire para talazilA ko kATakara aura bharAva ke samAnAMtara kaMkarIle zilAkhaNDoM se Dha~kakara nAlI banAyI gayI thI jo pAnI ke pravAha ko bAhara nikAla de / vRttAkAra bhavana ke kucha nIce, aura dikhane meM usase asaMbaddha, eka choTA AyatAkAra kakSa thA, jisake kaMkarIle zilAkhaNDoM kA eka raddA (stara) aba zeSa hai / pratIta hotA hai ki isa sthala para yaha pahalA bhavana thA / nizcita pramANa ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki vRttAkAra garbhagRha meM pratiSThApita vastu stUpa thI, maMgala-pratIka thA yA tIrthaMkara kI pratimA thI / inameM se tIsarA vikalpa svayaM hI pramANita nahIM hotA kyoMki ina gumphAtroM ke mUla zilpAMkana meM tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyoM kA sarvathA abhAva hai / isake viparIta hameM khaNDagiri kI guphA saM0 3 ( anaMta gumphA) aura udayagiri kI guphA saM0 5 ( jayavijaya gumphA) ke mukhabhAgoM para kalpavRkSa ( citra 27 ) ke pUjana kA aMkana milatA hai| sAtha hI, khaNDagiri gumphA saM0 3 kI pichalI bhitti para ukere hue pAdapITha para eka nandipatha utkIrNa hai jisake pArzva meM donoM ora tIna pratIka - - trikoNa zIrSayukta pratIka, zrIvatsa aura svastika haiM / ina sabakA aMkana mathurA ke prayAga-paToM meM huA hai / udayagiri kI gumphA saM0 6 ( maMcapurI) ke mukhabhAga para aMkita jisa upAsya - nirmiti kI pUjA eka rAjaparivAra kara rahA hai vaha nizcaya hI tIrthaMkara kI pratimA nahIM hai, yadyapi vikRti ke kAraNa usakI sahI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM hai / vikRta bimba ( jo AkAra meM kucha belanAkAra hai) ke Upara kadAcit eka chatra hai jo eka U~ce aura saMbhavata: gola maMca para rakhA hai / pUrvokta tathyoM ke AdhAra para aura garbhagRha kI vRttAkAra AyojanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yaha jAna par3atA hai ki upAsya vastu yA to stUpa yA phira vRttAkAra pAdapITha para rakhA huA pAvana pratIka rahI hogI / eka ullekhanIya lakSaNa, jisakI vyAkhyA sAkSya ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hai, vRttAkAra bhavana ke bIca meM eka apariSkRta khaNDita zilA thI jisapara the vargAkAra ukeranI tathA chenI ke cihna / koTara meM mUlataH purAvazeSa the yA yaha chatradaNDa kA AdhAra thA yA phira pavitra cihna kI cUla, yaha aba kevala anumAna kA viSaya raha gayA hai / hAthIguphA ke sAmane kI gayI vyavasthA se pramANita hotA hai ki vRttAkAra bhavana kA yaha bimba atyaMta punIta thA aura yAtriyoM ko AkarSita karatA thA / jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai udayagiri kI coTI sa~karI hai / vastutaH ardhavRttAkAra bhavana pahAr3I ke isa viziSTa bhAga ko lagabhaga pUrA hI isa prakAra pravRtta karatA hai ki bacA huA zeSa sthAna itanA caur3A nahIM rahA ki vahA~ bar3I saMkhyA meM loga ekatra ho sakeM / hA~, kabhI-kabhI logoM ke ekatra hone para zrAvazyaka sthAna kI vyavasthA karane ke lie hAthIgumphA ke sAmane gumphA saM0 6 aura 17 kI ora kI bhittiyoM ke nikaTa Avazyaka bharAI karavAkara eka asthAyI cabUtarA banA liyA jAtA thA / isa cabUtare para pahu~cane ke lie eka DhaluvA~ mArga ( citra 35) banAyA jAtA thA jo kramazaH pahAr3I kI talahaTI 84

Page #151
pradhyAya 71 pUrva bhArata se cabUtare taka UMcA hotA jAtA thaa| donoM ora AdhAra-bhittiyoM para sadhA huA aura kaMkarIle zilApaTroM se AcchAdita yaha DhaluvA~ mArga eka ratha ke saralatA se nikalane ke lie bhI paryApta caur3A thA / . guphA saM0 17 meM praveza kI sIr3hiyoM ke pAsa cabUtare kI AdhAra-bhittiyoM ke kinAre ke malabe meM utkIrNa vedikAoM ke kucha Tukar3e aura ukerI huI strI-mUrti kA UparI bhAga (citra 36) milA thaa| ye saba balue patthara se nirmita pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke the| apanI AyojanA ke kAraNa ardhavRttAkAra bhavana apane DhaMga kA eka hI hai jisakA udAharaNa abhI taka ur3IsA ke paravartI maMdiroM meM nahIM mila sakA hai| AyojanA se svata: usakI prAcInatA kA jJAna hotA hai| jo bhI ho, isa bhavana kI tithi anizcita hai, kintu pAristhitika sAkSya se anamAnita kI jA sakatI hai / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, yaha bhavana pahAr3I kI coTI para banA hai jisake ThIka nIce kI guphA (hAthIgumphA, guphA saM014) ke UparI sire para khAravela kA suprasiddha zilAlekha utkIrNa hai jisameM anya bAtoM ke atirikta vaha apane kriyA-kalApoM kA varNana karatA hai, jinameM pahADI (Adhanika udayagiri) para gaphAoM kA utkhanana, eka prastara-bhavana aura staMbha kA nirmANa sammilita hai / sthApatya kI dRSTi se hAthIgumphA mahattvahIna hai| vastutaH yaha asamAna AkAra kI eka bar3I prAkRtika guphA hai, jisakI pArzvabhittiyoM ke chenI se kATe-saMvAre pRSThabhAga yaha darzAte haiM ki mAnava ne yahA~ yadA-kadA Ayojita saMgItiyoM ke lie eka vihAra ke rUpa meM unakA vikAsa kara liyA thaa| bhittiyoM para kucha nAma khude haiM jo sambhavataH tIrthayAtriyoM ke haiM, inameM se kucha guptakAlIna lipi meM haiN| itanI mahattvahIna guphA ke zIrSa para eka zaktisaMpanna zAsaka ke mahattvapUrNa abhilekha kI vidyamAnatA, yaha mAnakara pUrNarUpeNa samajha meM A sakatI hai ki svayaM khAravela ne hI isa guphA ke Upara ardhavRttAkAra bhavana kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| jaisA ki hama pahale kaha cuke haiM, guphAoM ke aMtarima bhAga atyaMta sAde haiN| to bhI aneka guphAoM kI koThariyoM ke mukhabhAga pravezadvAroM ke Upara pazu-zIrSayukta ardhastaMbhoM para Tike hue zilpAMkita toraNoM (citra 31) dvArA sajAye gaye haiN| zilpAMkita tathA mUrtiyukta Tor3oM (citra 32 aura 33) para AdhArita vedikAoM (citra 24 aura 31) aura toraNoM ko prAyaH eka dUsare se jor3a diyA gayA hai| kucha guphAoM meM vedikA-staMbhoM ke UparI bhAga meM AkarSaka zilpAkRtiyA~ (citra 24, 30 aura 33 kha) haiM jinameM dhArmika aura dharmanirapekSa dRzya aMkita kiye gaye haiN| zilpAMkanoM meM se kucha kI viSaya-vastu varNanAtmaka hai (citra 32 kha aura 33 kha) / anaMtagumphA jaisI kucha guphAoM ke toraNa-zIrSoM para bhI zilpAMkana haiM (citra 27 aura 28) / staMbhoM para AdhArita, barAmadoM kI chatoM sahArA denevAle Tor3e bhI zilpAMkita tathA mUrtiyukta haiN| barAmadoM ke ardhastaMbhoM meM se kucha ke sAmane bahadAkAra mAnavAkRtiyA~, adhikAMzataH dvArapAloM kI mUrtiyA~, ukerI huI haiN| mUryaMkana tathA zilpAMkana 85

Page #152
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 kI dRSTi se atyaMta samRddha rAnIgumphA ke do rakSaka-kakSoM ke mukhabhAgoM para bhI pracura zilpAMkana kiyA gayA hai / sAja-sajjA meM prayukta prAyaH sabhI alaMkaraNa pratIka ( namUne) bharahUta aura sAMcI meM milate haiM jinase unakI sAmAnya paraMparA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| isake sAtha hI madhumAlatI latA, kaMgUre tathA paMkhadhArI pazu-jaise kucha pazcima eziyAI kalA pratIkoM jinakA usa yuga meM bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM vyApaka pracAra huA thA -- ke prayoga se isa saMbhAvanA kA bhI aMta ho jAtA hai ki kalA-pratIka aura kalA-paraMparA kA svataMtra aura pRthak rUpa se vikAsa huA thA / alaMkaraNa pratIkoM meM svayaM aise cihnoM kA abhAva hai jo viziSTa rUpa se jaina hoM, kyoMki brAhmaNa tathA bauddha donoM matAnuyAyiyoM ne bhI inhIM kalA-pratIkoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| yadyapi ye madhyadeza kI kalA-paraMparA ke anurUpa haiM, to bhI, mUrtiyukta zilpAkRtiyoM kA zrAdikAlIna bhAratIya kalA meM apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| aneka AkRtiyoM kI mukha mudrAoM meM prAMtIya puTa hai zilpAMkanoM ke kArya kauzala meM koI ekarUpatA nahIM hai, phira bhI samagra rUpa se vicAra karane para, nizcaya hI vaha bharahuta zailI se adhika vikasita rUpa pradarzita karate haiM / guphA saM0 1 ( rAnIgumphA) ke mukhya skaMdha ke nicale tala meM lagAtAra zilpAkRtiyA~ haiM, jinameM digvijayI nareza ke vijaya abhiyAna kA citraNa kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| inameM rAjA apanI vijaya yAtrA rAjadhAnI se prAraMbha karatA hai aura aneka dezoM para vijaya prApta karatA huA rAjadhAnI lauTatA hai| prajA apane gharoM se rAjA ke prasthAna ko dekha rahI hai| yaha socane ke lie jI cAhatA hai ki zilpAkRtiyoM kI yaha lambI citra-vallarI khAravela ke vijaya abhiyAnoM se prerita hokara banAyI gayI hai / ' guphA saM0 1 ke UparI tala ke mukhya skaMdha ke agrabhAga kI zilpAkRtiyoM (citra 32 ka aura 33ka) kI tulanA sAMcI ke dvAroM ke zilpAMkanoM se bhalIbhA~ti kI jA sakatI hai aura bharahuta-kalA ke 1 mitrA, pUrvokta, pR 20-22. eka vidvAn ke anusAra isa citra vallarI ke dRzya tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM pArzvanAtha ke vihAra aura unakA jo sammAna kiyA gayA use darzAte haiM / usI vidvAn ke anusAra, guphA saM0 1 ke UparI tala tathA guphA saM. 10 (gaNezagumphA) kI sAmane kI bhittiyoM ke zilpAMkanoM meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke dRzya aMkita kiye gaye haiM jinameM unake dvArA kiyA gayA prabhAvatI kA uddhAra aura Age calakara usase vivAha kI ghaTanA bhI sammilita hai, [ zro' mAle (ela esa esa ). baMgAla DisTrikTa gajeTiyarsa-purI. 1908 kalakattA pR 256 aura 259 ]. jo bhI ho, vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA sujhAva ina dRzyoM meM se do ko duSyanta zakuntalA aura udayana- vAsavadattA kI kathAoM se saMbaMdhita ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM pahacAnane kI ora thA [ vAmadattA eNDa zakuntalA sInsa ina da rAnIgumphA keva ina ur3IsA jarnala graoNpha di iNDiyana sosAiTI zraoNpha oriyaNTala ArTa 14; 1946; 102-109.] - 86

Page #153
adhyAya 7] pUrva bhArata purAtanika lakSaNa--jaise agrabhAga-vinyAsa, dRzyAtmakatA kA abhAva, mUryaMkana kI prAdima parikalpanA Adi-aba inameM nahIM dikhAI dete| ye zilpAMkana prAkRtiyoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM-agra, pRSTha aura pArzva-ke dakSatApUrNa aMkana meM kalAkAra ke prazaMsanIya kauzala ko vyakta karate haiN| prAkRtiyoM ke mukha pUrNa yA tIna cauthAI yA phira ardhamudrAoM meM banAye gaye haiN| prAkRtiyoM kI mudrAe~ sAmAnyataH sarala aura svAbhAvika haiN| unakI ceSTAe~ sajIva aura manobhAva bhalIbhA~ti vyakta kiye gaye haiN| unakI saMracanA bhI sAmAnyataH saMgata aura prabhAvazAlI hai ; vibhinna AkRtiyA~ eka dUsare se saMbaMdhita haiN| zilpAMkanoM meM paripakva gAMbhIrya hai, ve rUpa kI sughar3hatA aura svAbhAvika prAkRtiracanA kA paryApta pradarzana karate haiM / strI-puruSoM kI sukumAra prAkRtiyoM se saumya rUparekhA kA aMkana spaSTa jhalakatA hai| anya guphAoM ke, aura eka sImA taka guphA saM01 ke nicale tala ke bhI, zilpAMkana isa stara ke nahIM haiM / ve sajIva aura sughar3a mUrtana kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta apariSkRta tathA nimna stara ke haiN| prAkRtiyA~ kama sajIva, pratirUpaNa amAjita aura unakA varga-saMyojana kama saMgata hai| kalAtmaka upalabdhiyoM meM yaha asamAnatA usa samaya pratyakSa ho jAtI hai jaba guphA saM0 10 (gaNezagumphA) ke apaharaNa-dRzya (citra 33 kha) kI tulanA guphA saM0 1 (rAnIgumphA) ke UparI tala ke dRzya (citra 33 kha) se kI jAtI hai| yaha aMtara yA to kalAkAroM kI kuzalatA meM aMtara ke kAraNa yA usa samayAMtarAla ke kAraNa ho sakatA hai jisane ina kalAkAroM ko mUrtikalA-kauzala tathA saMracanAoM meM anubhava dvArA dakSatA prApta karane kA avasara diyA, yadyapi samaya kA yaha aMtarAla bahuta laMbA nahIM rahA hogaa| debalA mitrA

Page #154
adhyAya 8 pazcima bhArata madhyayugIna jaina paraMparAoM se vidita hotA hai ki mahAvIra ne pazcima bhArata, vizeSata: dakSiNa-pazcima rAjasthAna meM bhinamAla (bhillamAla) aura prAbU pahAr3a ke samIpa muNDasthala (Adhunika muMgathalA), kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| pUrNacandra sUri dvArA bhinamAla meM mahAvIra-maMdira kI pratiSThA kA ullekha karanevAle vi0 saM0 1334 (1277 I.) ke eka zilAlekha se vidita hotA hai ki mahAvIra bhillamAla padhAre the| muMgathalA ke jaina maMdira se prApta eka paravartI zilAlekha vi0 saM0 1426 (1366 I0) se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra isa sthAna para Aye the| kintu mahAvIra kA vihAra kevala pUrvI bhArata taka hI sImita rahA jAna par3atA hai| pUrva meM ve lAr3ha (rAr3ha) gaye jahA~ unheM sthAnIya AdivAsiyoM ke hAthoM bar3I kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| ___ mauryazAsana pazcima meM rAjasthAna meM kama se kama bairATa taka, gujarAta meM giranAra taka aura dakSiNApatha meM sopara taka phailA huA thA, jaisA ki ina sthAnoM para prApta azoka kI rAjAjJAoM se pramANita hotA hai / aura, yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki ye bhAga usake pautra samprati ke niyaMtraNa meM bane rahe jisakA jaina dharma kA saMrakSakatva bRhatkalpabhASya aura nizItha-cUrNi' jaise Adya graMthoM se bhalIbhA~ti pramANita hai| kintu ina kSetroM se jaina kalA kA aisA koI avazeSa prApta nahIM huA jise nissaMdeha maurya yA zuMga-yuga kA kahA jA ske| ajamera jile ke baralI nAmaka sthAna se eka khaNDita zilAlekha prApta huA hai jisameM mahAvIra ke pazcAt 84 varSa aura majhamikA (madhyamikA--cittaur3agar3ha ke pAsa 'nagarI' nAmaka Adhunika sthAna) kA ullekha hai| jo bhI ho, DI0 sI0 sarakAra kA mata hai ki ise vIrAta 84 mAnane ke lie pramANa 1 prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve prApha iNDiyA, vaisTarna sakila. progresa riporTa, 1907-08.35. 2 jayantavijaya. arbudAcala pradakSiNA jaina-lekha-saMdoha . 5. 1947. bhAvanagara zilAlekha 48 . 3 bRhatkalpabhASya. 3. gAthA 3277-3289. pR 917-921. / nizISa-cUriNa. anuccheda 5. gAthA 2154 aura cUNi pR 362. / hemacandra. sthavirAvalI caritra yA pariziSTaparva. 11. 55-110. 4 iNDiyana eNTikverI. 58; 1921. 229. / aojhA (gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda). bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA. 1918. ajamera. pR 2-3. / janala praoNpha da bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI. 16; 1930; 67-68. 88

Page #155
adhyAya 8 ] pazcima bhArata priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya - pArzvanAtha, kAMsya mUrti citra 37

Page #156
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 jUnAgar3ha - bAbA pyArA kI guphA citra 38

Page #157
adhyAya 8 ] pazcima bhArata upalabdha nahIM hai|| ataeva isa zilAlekha ke jainoM se saMbaMdhita hone kI bAta aba nahIM mAnI jaatii| - cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke eka prAcIna graMtha vasudeva-hiNDI meM ujjaina meM eka jIvantasvAmI (mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM nirmita pratimA) kA ullekha milatA hai |bRhtklpbhaassy (lagabhaga chaThI zatI I0) meM bhI isakA ullekha hai aura isa graMtha kI TIkA meM ujjaina meM isa pratimA kI rathayAtrA ke samaya Arya sUhasti dvArA samprati ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne kA pUrNa vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| jinadAsa kRta Avazyaka-Ni (sAtavIM zatI) meM sindhu sauvIra meM vItabhayapattana ke uddAyaNa kI rAnI dvArA mahAvIra kI caMdanakASTha-nirmita jIvantasvAmI-pratimA kI pUjA karane kA vivaraNa milatA hai / kAlAMtara meM isa pratimA ko avaMti kA pradyauta uThA le gayA aura aMta meM vidizA meM isakA pUjana hotA rahA / kintu maurya aura zuMgakAla meM avaMti-mAlavA pradeza ke pazcima bhAgoM meM jina-bimboM kI pUjA kA anya koI pramANa hameM nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra caMdanakASTha se nirmita mahAvIra kI prathama mUrti kI pUjA vItabhayapattana ke rAjA uddAyaNa kI rAnI dvArA kI gyii| avanti kA pradyauta isa mUrti ko uThA le gayA aura kAlAMtara meM yaha pUjA ke lie vidizA meM pratiSThita kI gyii| kintu pradyauta mUla pratimA tabhI le gayA jaba usane vItabhayapattana meM usakI eka anukRti sthApita kara dii| mahAn bhASyakAra muni hemacandrAcArya ne ina mUrtiyoM kA Age kA manoraMjaka vivaraNa apanI kRti triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita meM diyA 1 sarakAra (DI sI). baralI phegameNTarI sTona iMskripzaMsa. jarnala praoNpha da bihAra risarca sosAyaTI. 37; 1951; 34-38. 2 basudeva-hiNDI. saMpA : caturavijaya tathA puNyavijaya. khaNDa 1, bhAga 1. 1930. pR 61. bhAvanagara./jinadAsa. Avazyaka-cUNi (khaNDa 3. 1923. ratalAma. pR 157) meM bhI ujjaina kI isa mUrti kA ullekha hai. jIvantasvAmI pratimA ke lie draSTavya : zAha (yU pI). e yunIka jaina imeja oNpha 'jIvanta svAmI'. jarnala praoNpha da proriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa. 1; 1951-52; 72-79 aura 'sAiDalAiTsa prauna da lAipha TAima saiNDalavuDa imeja oNpha mahAvIra', pUrvokta, pR 358-368. 3 bRhatkalpabhASya. 3. gAthA 3277.917 tathA paravartI. / kalpa-cUNi (aba bhI pANDulipi rUpa meM; bahatkalpabhASya kI TIkA se prAcInatara) meM bhI isakA varNana hai. draSTavya : kalyANavijaya. vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA. 10; 1930; uddharaNa. Avazyaka-cUriNa. khaNDa 1. gAthA 774. pR 397-401. (Avazyaka niyukti kI TIkA)./ aura draSTavya : haribhadra. prAvazyaka-vRtti. khaNDa 1. bhAga 2. 1916. sUrata. pR 296-300. / Avazyaka-niyukti. khaNDa 1. Y 156 tathA paravartI. / jaina (jagadIza candra). lAipha eja DipikTara ina da jaina kainansa. 1947. bambaI. pR 349. / zAha. pUrvokta. 89

Page #158
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 hai, jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kAlAMtara meM vidizA kI mUla pratimA kI pUjA bhaillasvAmI ke rUpa meM hone lagI aura vItabhayapattana vAlI anukRti eka retIlI A~dhI meM nagara ke sAtha hI lupta ho gayI / uddAyaNa ne use eka maMdira meM pratiSThita kiyA thA aura rAjakIya ghoSaNApatra prasArita kara usakI pUjA hetu dAna diyA thaa| hemacandra ke anusAra caulukya nareza kumArapAla ne, jisakA rAjya pazcima meM sindha taka, uttara meM jAlaura aura rAjasthAna ke kucha anya bhAgoM taka aura prAyaH sampUrNa gujarAta taka phailA huA thA, sauvIra kI rAjadhAnI meM vizeSa adhikArI bheje the / unhoMne uddAyaNa dvArA prasArita kiye gaye ghoSaNApatroM sahita kASThapratimA ko khoda nikaalaa| hemacandra Age varNana karate haiM ki ye pattana lAye gaye aura kumArapAla dvArA, jisakA jaina dharma ke prati AkarSaNa aura saMrakSakatva sarvavidita hai, navanirmita maMdira meM mUrti kI sthApanA kI gyii| yadi yaha samakAlIna vRttAMta sahI hai aura yaha vizvAsa karanA kaThina hai ki hemacandra jaisI pratiSThAvAlA vyakti ise gar3hane kA sAhasa karegA yA kevala janazruti ke AdhAra para hI isa prakAra kA varNana karegA to hameM yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI jaina kalA aura jina-pUjA kA prasAra na kevala mAlavA-avaMti pradezoM meM huA apitu pazcima meM sindhu-sauvIra taka ho cukA thA / jaina Agama graMtha bhagavatI-sUtra. 13-6-161 ke anusAra rAjA uddAyaNa ko, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana karanA cAhatA thA, dharmopadeza dene ke lie mahAvIra vItabhayattana Aye the / kAyotsarga mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI eka atyaMta prAcIna kAMsya pratimA (citra 37) prinsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI, ke saMgraha meM hai| isakA dAyA~ hAtha aura zIrSa ke Upara phaNAvalI kA bhAga khaNDita hai / isake pAdapITha kA patA nahIM hai aura durbhAgya se isakA mUla prApti-sthAna bhI jJAta nahIM hai, zailI meM yaha mohana-jo-dar3o se prApta eka mRNamUrti ke bahuta kucha samAna hai| isake aMga lambe aura patale haiM jinakI tulanA mohana-jo-dar3o se prApta nartakI kI mUrti se kI jA sakatI hai| dhar3a , vizeSataH toMda aura 1 triSaSTizalAkA-puruSa-carita. parva 10. sarga 11. vizeSa rUpa se zloka 604 tathA paravartI. 2 vahI, sarga 11, zloka 623 tathA paravartI. 3 vahI, sarga 12, zloka 36-93. 4 jaina, pUrvokta, pu 309./ bRhatkalpabhASya. 2. pR 314./ vahI, 4, pR 1073 tathA paravartI. / vahI, gAthA 912-913. 5 zAha (yUpI). arlI bronja oNpha pArzvanAtha. buleTina praoNpha da prinsa oNpha velsa myujiyama, bambaI. 3; 1952 53; 63-65 aura citra. 6 mArzala (jaoNna). mohana-jo-dar3o eNDa di iNDasa sivilAijezana. bhAga 3.1931. landana. citra 95, upakramAMka 26 27./ maikake. pharvara eksakevezansa phraoNma mohana-jo-dar3o. bhAga 2. 1938. naI dillI. citra 82, upakramAMka 6,10,11, aura citra 75. upakramAMka 1. 21. 7 mArzala, pUrvokta. ci 94, upakramAMka 6-8. isa kAMsya pratimA ke sAtha kucha mRNamUrtiyoM kI tulanA ke lie draSTavya : gorDana (DI eca). arlI TerAkoTAja. jarnala maoNpha di iNDiyana sosAyaTI oNpha pArTa. 11; 1943. 90

Page #159
adhyAya 8 ] pazcima bhArata peTa, kI saMracanA lohAnIpura se prApta jina-bimba ke pAlizayukta dhar3a se, jo aba paTanA-saMgrahAlaya meM hai (adhyAya 7, citra 21 ka), aura har3appA se prApta lAla patthara ke dhar3a se bahuta milatI-julatI hai, isa prakAra yaha kAMsyamUrti mohana-jo-dar3o zailI meM banAyI gayI / yaha zailI mauryayuga taka pracalita rhii| isakI racanA vilakSaNa hai aura usakI tulanA mohana-jo-dar3o kI nartakI kI kAMsya-mUrti se kI jA sakatI hai| kisI abhilekha ke abhAva meM isa kAMsya-mUrti ke nirmANakAla kA ThIka-ThIka nizcaya karanA yA usakA prApti-sthAna batA sakanA kaThina hai, kintu pUrvokta zailIgata tulanA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha lagabhaga pahalI zatI IsA-pUrva se bAda kI nahIM ho sakatI, varan isase bhI prAcIna hogii| moma-sA~cA-vidhi se DhAlI gayI isa kAMsya mUrti kA bhAra bahuta halakA hai| asaMbhava nahIM ki yaha pazcima bhArata ke kisI bhAga - siMdha, rAjasthAna, gujarAta yA kaccha - se bambaI saMgrahAlaya ke lie prApta kI gayI ho|| bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra jaina muniyoM ke lie pratiSThAnapUra se prAge dakSiNa meM vidhivata bhikSA prApta karanA kaThina thA / samprati ne hI yaha Adeza diyA ki vahA~ isa prakAra kI suvidhAe~ dI jAe~ tAki jaina muni jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM ke pracAra ke lie sampUrNa dakSiNa kI yAtrA kara skeN| kahA jAtA hai ki zurapAraka meM jaina matAvalaMbI the| Arya vajra (pAraMparika tithi lagabhaga 57 I0 pU0 se 50 I.) ke ziSya vajrasena ne zUrapAraka (bambaI ke nikaTa Adhunika sopArA) ke kucha sAdhu-ziSyoM ko dIkSita kiyA thaa| unameM se nagendra, candra, vidyAdhara aura nivRtti nAmaka cAra ziSyoM ne jaina sAdhuoM ke cAra kuloM kI sthApanA kI thii| Arya samudra aura Arya maMgu bhI zUrapAraka gaye the / tathApi, 1 [ motIcandra aura gorakSakara ne isakI tithi IsA kI dUsarI zatI sujhAyI hai aura prApti sthAna-uttara bhArata. draSTavya : prinsa oNpha velsa myujiyama saMbaMdhI unakA adhyAya. mere sAtha hue vyaktigata patra-vyavahAra meM isa adhyAya ke lekhaka ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki isa pratimA kI samarUpatA sindhu-kalA se hai ataH yaha kAMsya mUrti kisI pazcima bhAratIya sthAna saMbhavataH siMdha se prApta huI hogI aura bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ke kisI aise adhikArI ne jisane pazcima bhAratIya sthAnoM kI vistRta khoja kI hogI, ise saMgrahAlaya ke lie prApta kiyA hogA. lekhaka ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki prophesara vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ko isa bAta para vizeSa prAzcarya thA ki isa mUrti para zrIvatsa cinha nahIM hai jo uttara bhArata se prApta sabhI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke vakSasthala para pAyA jAtA hai. - saMpAdaka] 2 bRhatkalpabhASya. pR 917-21./ tulanIya : darzanavijaya, saMpA. padyAvalo-samuccaya. 1933. vIramagA~va. / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI. pR8./guNaratnasUri. guruparvakrama. pR 26./ tapAgaccha-padyAvalI. pR 47-48. 3 jaina (je sI). bhArata ke prAcIna jainatIrtha. pR 65. / vyavahAra bhASya. 6; 239 tathA paravI. / dharmasAgaragaNi. tapAgaccha padyAvalI-samuccaya. khaNDa 1. pR 46. para kahA gayA hai : zrI-virAta tri-paMcAzada -adhika-catuH-zatavarSAtikrame 453 bhugukacche pAryA-khapuTAcArya iti paTTAvalyAm / prabhAvakacarite tu catur-prazItyAdhika-catuH-zat484-varSe prArya khapuTAcAryaH | sapta-SaSTi-adhika-catuH-zata-467 varSe prArya-maMgu . 91

Page #160
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 pazcima bhArata yA dakSiNApatha se isa kAla kI eka bhI prAcIna jaina mUrti abataka prApta nahIM bhar3oMca ke Arya khapuTa, saurASTra (pAlitAnA ke nikaTa) ke Arya-pAdalipta evaM valabhI (saurASTa meM hI) ke nAgArjuna ke vRttAntoM se pramANita hotA hai ki IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM jaina pazcima-bhArata meM atyaMta sakriya the| Arya nAgArjuna cauthI zatI ke prAraMbha meM Ayojita prathama valabhI pariSad ke adhyakSa the| mahAn jaina naiyAyika aura dvAdazAra-nayacakra ke praNetA AcArya mallavAdI ne valabhI meM eka vivAda meM bauddhoM ko cauthI zatI ke prAraMbha meM parAjita kiyA thA / pUrvokta Arya vajrasena ke guru prAcArya vajra dvArA AbhIra deza, dakSiNApathA aura zrImAla (mAravAr3a meM vartamAna bhinamAla) taka bhramaNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai| 1 sAMkaliyA ne pUnA jile meM kamazeTa se lagabhaga 12 ki0 mI0 dUra pAla nAmaka sthAna kI eka guphA se prApta eka zilA lekha hAla hI meM prakAzita kiyA hai jisakA pATha ve isa prakAra karate haiM (1) namo arihaMtAnaM phAguna (2)da bhadanta indarakhitena lenam (3) kArApitaM podi ca sahA ca kahe sahA. unakA mata hai ki yaha eka jaina guphA hai. ve isa zilAlekha ko IsA se lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI-pUrva kA mAnate haiM. draSTavdha : svAdhyAya (gujarAtI patrikA) bar3audA. 7, 419 tathA paravartI aura citra. yaha suvidita hai ki prAraMbhika kAla meM ahat zabda kA prayoga sAmAnyatayA bauddha aura jaina donoM dvArA kiyA jAtA thA. yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki kevala jainoM dvArA isakA prayoga kaba se prAraMbha huA, kyoMki isa kSetra kI kArlA aura anya guphAeM nizcita rUpa se bauddhoM se saMbaMddha thIM. ataH koI bhI yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kaha sakatA ki yaha eka jaina zilAlekha hai, kintu isa saMbhAvanA ko pUrNatayA asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA. hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki gupta-yuga ke pUrva aura kuSANayuga kI samApti ke pazcAt kisI samaya se, arhat yA arihanta zabda kA prayoga dhIre-dhIre kevala jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke lie hI hone lagA. 2 Avazyaka niyukti tathA cUNi pR 542. nizItha cUNi. 10. pR 101. / bRhatkalpabhASya. 4.5115 tathA paravartI./ pUrvokta pAda-TippaNI bhI draSTavya. 3 prAvazyaka cUNi . pR 554 / piNDa niyukti. pR 497 tathA paravartI. 4 kalyANa vijaya, pUrvokta . pR 110-18. 5 jambUvijaya. dvAdasAra-nayacakra. prastAvanA. 6 prAvazyaka cUNi. pR 396-97. 7 vahI, pR 404. 8 prAvazyaka TIkA. pR 390 ka. saMbhavataH Arya vaira (vajra) prAcAryaratna muni varadeva kA hI nAma hai jo rAjagiri kI sonabhaNDAra guphA ke zilAlekha meM aMkita hai. yaha mata umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ne jarnala praoNpha da bihAra risarca sosAyaTI. 34; 1953; 410-12 meM vyakta kiyA hai. [anya logoM ko isa mata para saMdeha hai, draSTavya : adhyAya 11. isa adhyAya ke lekhaka ne vyaktigata patra-vyavahAra meM mujhe batAyA hai ki samasta upalabdha digaMbara aura zvetAMbara sAhitya yA paTTAvaliyoM meM prAcArya vajra aura unake ziSya vajrasena (prAkRta meM vaira aura vairasena) nAmoM ke do hI prAcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai aura inhIM kA ullekha sonabhaNDAra zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hogA . ata: zrI zAha dvArA vyakta mata saMbhAvanA para bahuta adhika AdhArita hai. ina guphAoM kI tithi ke bAre meM ve esa ke sarasvatI ke vicAroM kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karate haiM. --saMpAdaka] 92

Page #161
adhyAya 8 ] pazcima bhArata jUnAgar3ha meM giranAra ke samIpa sAdhuoM ke lie nirmita lagabhaga bIsa zailotkIrNa guphAe~ haiM jo bAbA-pyArA-maTha kI guphAe~ kahalAtI haiM / barjesa ne inakA varNana kiyA hai| tIna paMktiyoM meM banI ina guphAoM meM guphA kha ke (citra 38) ke Upara caitya-gavAkSa-alaMkaraNa kA prAdya rUpa milatA hai / barjesa dvArA varNita guphA 'epha' eka Adima koTharI hai, jisakI chata samatala hai aura mUlarUpa se cAra staMbhoM para AdhArita hai, isakA pRSThabhAga ardha-vartulAkAra hai| isa samUha kI guphA saM0 'ke' meM do koThariyA~ haiM, jinameM utkIrNa haiM maMgala-kalaza aura svastika, zrIvatsa, bhadrAsana, mInayugala Adi cihna jo mathurA ke AyAga-paToM para milate haiM (rekhAcitra 5) / ina cihnoM se ina guphAoM kA jaina svarUpa aMtima rUpa se siddha nahIM hotA kyoMki eka koTharI ke sammukha ina cinhoM ke banAne kA apUrNa-prayAsa (kadAcit paravartI) kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| kintu rudradAmana ke putra jayadAmana ke pautra rudrasena ke samaya ke eka khaNDita utkIrNa zilApaTTa (koTharI 1 ke sAmane bhUmigata) ke milane se, jisameM kevala-jJAna prApta karanevAloM evaM kAlajayI logoM kA ullekha hai, yaha patA calatA hai ki kama se kama dUsarI zatI I0 meM ina gaphAnoM para jaina matAvalaMbiyoM kA adhikAra thA / yahA~ kinhIM nizcita bauddha cihnoM kA CHE . - . ME " rekhAcitra 5. bAbA pyArA kI guphA kA pravezadvAra (barjesa ke anusAra, guphA saM0 'ke') 1 barjesa (jemsa). eNTiviTIja praoNpha kAThiyAvAr3a eNDa kaccha. praoNkyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, nyU impIriyala sIrIja, 2. 1876. laMdana. pR 139 tathA paravartI. / sAMkaliyA (eca DI). prAyaoNlaoNjI praoNpha gujarAta. 1941. bambaI. 47-53. 2 majUmadAra (Ara sI) tathA pusAlakara (e DI), saMpA. eja praoNpha impIriyala yUniTI. 1960. bambaI . pR418 para e ema ghaTage ne yaha sujhAyA hai ki vaha damayasada yA rudrasiMha-prathama thA. 3 barjesa, pUrvokta./ sAMkaliyA, pUrvokta. 93

Page #162
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pUrva se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 abhAva mahattvapUrNa hai / ataH yaha mAnanA galata nahIM hogA ki giranAra ke pAsa jainoM kA eka vihAra thA / dhavalA TIkA ke praNetA vIrasenAcArya varNita eka digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra mahAvIra - nirvANa ke 680 varSoM pazcAt, arthAt pahalI zatI IsavI ke aMta meM yA dUsarI zatI meM mahAn jaina muni zrAcArya dharasena saurASTra meM girinagara ( giranAra ) ke samIpa candrazAlA guphA meM puSpadaMta aura bhUtabalI ko dharmazAstra kI zikSA diyA karate the / hIrAlAla jaina ne isa guphA kI pahacAna bAbA- pyArA maTha kI guphA se kI hai / 2 dharasena se zAstra kA adhyayana kara cukane ke pazcAt vIrasena ne puSpadaMta aura bhUtabalI dvArA racita sUtroM para apanI TIkA likhI / pUrvokta zilAlekha aura digaMbara paraMparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, bAbA- pyArA maTha kI guphAoM kA jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita honA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita sthavira RSigupta se prAraMbha honevAlI soraThThiya- sAhA (zAkhA) se punaH yaha saMketa milatA hai ki IsA pUrva lagabhaga dUsarI - pahalI zatI meM saurASTra meM jaina sAdhuoM kA eka saMgha vidyamAna thA / uttara-pazcima meM jaina kalA ke saMbaMdha meM mArzala kA yaha mata thA ki sirakapa, takSazilA, kA stUpa ( blAka 'epha' ) eka jaina stUpa rahA hogA, 3 kyoMki usake talaghara kI devakulikA meM bane kalApratIka do, siravAle garur3a, kI samatA unheM mathurA ke prayAga-paTa para bane stUpa zilpAMkana meM milI, jise loNazobhikA kI putrI vAsu ne nirmita karAyA thA / kintu isa sthala ke paryApta utkhanana ke pazcAt bhI kisI anya jaina purAvazeSa ke na milane saMbaMdhI tathya kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI / jaina paraMparAeM uttarApatha meM prathama jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke putra bAhubalI dvArA kevala eka dharma cakra sthApita karane kA ullekha avazya karatI haiM / ' haribhadra kRta Avazyaka niyukti kI Avazyaka - vRtti 1 teraNa iva soraTTha- visaya girininayara paTTaNa caMdaguhA - ThiyeNa graThThAMga- mahA-nimitta - pAranerA gaMtha-bocchedo hohadi tti jAdabhayena pavayaraNa bacchaleNa dakkhiNAvahAiriyANam mahimAe miliyANam leho pesido-- dhabalA - TIkA. 2 jaina (hIrAlAla ). bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna. 1962 bhopAla. pR 41-42, 75-76, 309-103 mArzala (jaoNna ). gAiDa Tu takSazilA. tRtIya saMskaraNa. 1936. dillI. pR 88. citra 13. / motIcandra. kucha jaina anuzrutiyA~ aura purAtatva. premI abhinandana graMtha. pR 229-49. 4 vogela (je pha). keTelaoNga zraoNpha di AI yaoNlaoNjikala myujiyama eTa mathurA 1910. ilAhAbAda. pR 184 tathA paravartI. / vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne jarnala graoNpha da yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAyaTI. 23; 1950; 69-70 meM isa zilAlekha ke pahale kiye gaye pATha meM saMzodhana kiyA hai. 5 bRhatkalpabhASya. 5. gAthA 5824 cakra zabda kA ullekha karatI hai jisakI vyAkhyA TIkAkAra ne 'uttarApathe dharma-cakram' kI hai. 94

Page #163
adhyAya 8] pazcima bhArata TIkA meM takSazilA meM dharma-cakra kI sthApanA kA jo vRttAnta diyA gayA hai usakA ullekha vasudeva-hiNDI aura paumacariu meM nahIM hai| isake atirikta, digaMbara srotoM meM bhI isa ghaTanA kA varNana nahIM pAyA jaataa| digaMbara srota bAhubalI ko takSazilA ke sthAna para potanapura se saMbaddha mAnate haiN| ataeva sirakapa stUpa kA jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita honA nizcita nahIM hai| umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha Avazyaka-niyukti aura usapara haribhadra ko TIkA. 1. 332 aura pR 144 tathA paravartI. isameM yaha vRttAMta AyA hai ki RSabhanAtha takSazilA meM bahali-aDambilla gaye aura vahAM unhoMne bahali ke logoM tathA yaunakoM aura pahalagoM ko dharma kA upadeza diyA. isa vRttAMta ke zlokoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vRttAMta ke lekhana ke samaya takSazilA balkha baktriyA (bahali) prAMta meM sammilita thA. 2 pUrNa vivaraNa hetu draSTavya : zAha (yU pI). sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa. pa 10 aura TippaNI./ zAha (yU pI). bAhubalI : e yunIka brauMja ina da myUjiyama. buleTina maoNpha da prinsa praoNpha velsa myUjiyama, bambaI. 5; 1953-54; 32, 39, citra 5-6. 95 .

Page #164
adhyAya 9 dakSiNa bhArata prastAvanA dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma kA prasAra IsA-pUrva cauthI zatI ke aMtima caraNa ke lagabhaga zrutakevalo bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jaina samAja ke Avrajana se huaa| digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu ke sAtha candragupta (600 I0 tathA paravartI zravaNabelagola abhilekhoM meM ullikhita prabhAcaMdra) nAmaka eka rAjA thA / sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai ki vaha suvikhyAta maurya nareza candragupta hI the| isI paraMparA se jJAta hotA hai ki Avrajana ke phalasvarUpa jaina loga karnATaka meM zravaNabelagolA aura vahA~ se tamilanADu paha~ce the / aisI mAnyatA hai ki tamila kSetroM meM paravartI gatividhi kA netRtva vizAkhAcArya ne kiyA thaa| isase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki pravrajana kA kSetra uttara bhArata (mAlavA kSetra) se karnATaka aura vahA~ se tamilanADu kI ora rahA hogaa| isa paripuSTa evaM saMpanna paraMparA kA ullekha hameM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdiyoM tathA paravartI graMthoM meM milatA hai, jabaki isa gatividhi kA prathama abhilekhAMkita sAkSya zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha se prApta hotA hai jo 600 I0 se pUrva kA nahIM hai / isa prakAra paraMparAgata AkhyAnoM aura upalabdha jaina purAvazeSoM kI paraspara saMgati eka samasyA bana gayI hai; kyoMki, 600 IsavI se pahale ke vAstusmAraka tathA purAlekhIya sAkSya, vizeSataH dakSiNApatha meM, prAyaH sarvathA anupalabdha haiN| jaina dharma ke anuyAyI aura IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyoM ke prathama sAtavAhana nareza simuka ke prasaMga tathA guNADhya kI bRhatkathA Adi kucha prAcIna prAkRta graMthoM ke atirikta aisA koI spaSTa aura itihAsa-sammata prAmANika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai jo prAcInakAla 600 I0 taka dakSiNApatha meM jaina dharma kA astitva siddha kara ske| zailotkIrNa aura nirmita zailiyoM ke jaina vAstu-smArakoM ke avazeSa bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM (sAtavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM) tathA malakheDa ke rASTra kUToM (AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM) ke samaya se milate haiM aura aitihAsika adhyayanoM meM unake ullekha kA saphalatApUrvaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai| Andhra pradeza kI sthiti isase adhika bhinna nahIM hai| dakSiNa ur3IsA meM, jahA~ prAcInatama jaina zailotkIrNa guphAe~ (khaNDagiri-udayagiri pahAr3iyoM para) vidyamAna haiM, dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM se 96

Page #165
adhyAya 9 ] SWETA (ka) mAMgulama abhilekha kA eka aMza (kha) zittannavAsala jaina muniyoM kI prAvAsa- guphA citra 39 dakSiNa bhArata

Page #166
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 zittanavAsala - abhilekhAMkita prastara-zayyA citra 40

Page #167
adhyAya 9 ] dakSiNa bhArata tenimalai - jaina muniyoM kI AvAsa-guphA, alaga par3I caTTAna para utkIrNa paravartI zilpAMkana citra 41

Page #168
vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 pugalUra - jaina muniyoM kI prAvAsa guphA citra 42 [ bhAga 2

Page #169
adhyAya 9 ] dakSiNa bhArata pUrva ke jaina purAvazeSa vastutaH bahuta kama saMkhyA meM prApta hue haiN| dUsarI ora aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dakSiNApatha ke pazcimI aura pUrvI aMcaloM meM, bauddhoM kI vAstuzilpIya gatividhi niraMtara banI rhii| pazcimI aMcala meM yaha gatividhi IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatI se nauvIM zatI I0 taka zailotkIrNa zailI meM, tathA pUrvI aMcala meM IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatI se lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI I0 taka nirmita zailI meM vikasita dakSiNApatha se tamilanAr3a kI sthiti bhinna thii| vahA~ kI parvata zreNiyoM meM aneka manohArI prAkRtika guphAeM haiM jinheM jaina muniyoM ke AvAsa ke yogya banAne ke lie unameM prastara-zayyAyoM aura zilA-prakSepoM kA prAvadhAna kiyA gyaa| vilakSaNa bAta yaha hai ki zayyAoM se yukta ye guphAe~ usa samaya se bahuta pahale kI haiM jaba dakSiNApatha meM kisI jaina vAstu-smAraka kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hogaa| samasta tamilanADu meM yatra-tatra sthita brAhmI-abhilekhAMkita ye guphAe~ pUrvI ghATa ke aneka sthAnoM, vizeSa rUpa se madurai ke AsapAsa ke kSetra, meM milatI haiN| ye prAraMbhika jaina adhiSThAna kaI kAraNoM se mahattvapUrNa haiM : (1) ve isa kSetra ke prAcInatama prastara-smArakoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, (2) brAhmI lipi meM tamila bhASA ke prAcInatama abhilekha utkIrNa haiM aura (3) ve tamilanADu meM jaina dharma ke prAraMbhika prasAra kA pramANika sAkSya prastuta karate haiN| phalasvarUpa, prastara aura zailotkIrNa zailI kI prAcInatama vAstu-zilpIya gatividhi aura isa kSetra meM prApta prAcInatama lekhoM ke adhyayana meM inakA atyadhika mahattva hai, yadyapi kalAgata aura sauMdaryagata vikAsa kI dRSTi se ve kisI gatividhi kA prAraMbha kadAcit hI karate haiN| tathApi, dhArmika sthApatya ke upayoga meM lAyI gayI prastara-sAmagrI kA pravartana una Adya prastara-smArakoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai jo adhikAMzataH jaina haiN| isameM kama hI saMdeha hai ki ina guphAoM ne paravartI kAla meM jaina aura brAhmaNa dharmoM kI una zailotkIrNa guphAoM kA mArga prazasta kiyA jo usI kSetra meM vikasita huI jahA~ brAhmI abhilekhAMkita prAcIna guphAe~ vidyamAna haiN| ina jaina-kendroM kI kucha sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| prAkRtika guphAoM ko isa prakAra se parivartita kiyA gayA ki ve grAvAsa ke yogya bana skiiN| Upara, bAhara kI ora laTakate hue prastarakhaNDa ko zilA-prakSepa ke rUpa meM isa prakAra kATA gayA ki usane varSA ke jala ko bAhara nikAlane tathA nIce zaraNa-sthala banAne kA kAma kiyaa| guphAoM ke bhItara zilAoM ko kATakara zayyAe~ banAyI gayIM jinakA eka chora takiye ke rUpa meM prayoga karane ke lie kucha uThA huaA rakhA gyaa| zayyAoM ko chenI se kATa-kATakara cikanA kiyA gyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kucha para to pAliza bhI kI gayI thii| dAtA yA pAvAsakartA ke nAmoM ke ullekhayukta brAhmI abhilekha yA to zayyAoM para hI utkIrNa haiM yA Upara kI ora laTakate hue zilA-prakSepa para / 97

Page #170
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 ina guphAoM ke sAmane staMbhoM para AdhArita khaparaila kI chata ke rUpa meM atirikta nirmANakArya bhI kiyA gayA thaa| staMbhoM ko sthira karane ke lie ukere gaye koTara Aja bhI kucha gaphAnoM ke sAmane zilAoM para dekhe jA sakate haiN| guphAe~ prAyaH jharanoM ke samIpa sthita haiM; jala kI suvidhApUrvaka prApti ke lie hI aise sthAnoM ko cunA gayA thaa| ___ ina sthAnoM para prAyaH sarvatra paravartI kAla arthAt sAtavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM meM mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gayIM jinake sAtha vaTejuttu lipi meM abhilekha bhI milate haiM, jinameM prasiddha jaina AcAryoM aura kabhI-kabhI dAtAoM ke nAma kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| ye zilpAMkana prAyaH prakSipta zilA athavA guphA ke samIpa kisI suvidhAjanaka sthAna yA zilA para kiye gaye haiN| isase vidita hotA hai ki AThavIMnauvIM zatAbdiyoM taka ye kSetra niraMtara jainoM ke adhikAra meM rhe| ina zatAbdiyoM meM una sthAnoM kI sthiti meM parivartana hue kyoMki yA to unheM jainoM ne svayaM bhaMga kara diyA yA ve valapUrvaka zaiva yA vaiSNava-kendroM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diye gye| ye parivartana, nissaMdeha, usa saMgharSa ke pariNAma the jo eka ora bauddhoM aura jainoM tathA dUsarI ora inake tathA brAhmaNa matoM ke bIca uTha khar3A huA thA aura jisameM bhakti-paMtha ke samarthakoM ne brAhmaNa matoM ko gaharA AghAta phuNcaayaa| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki isa samUce saMgharSa meM, jainoM kI carcA ina (prAyaH ATha) parvata-zreNiyoM ke AvAsa-kartAoM ke rUpa meM milatI hai| inameM se adhikAMza pahAr3iyA~ madurai ke AsapAsa haiN| madurai ke nikaTavartI pahAr3I kSetra, kadAcit tamilanADu, meM jainoM ke pramukha kendra the, kyoMki ye vahI kSetra the jahA~ aMtatogatvA jainoM ke kucha sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI caityavAsa astitva meM Aye / sAtha hI madurai hI meM bajranandI ne lagabhaga 470 I0 meM jainoM ke drAvir3a-saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| isa kSetra meM jaina IsA-pUrva dUsarI zatI taka pahuMca cuke hoMge (mAMgulam ke prAcInatama brAhmI abhilekhoM kA yahI samaya mAnA gayA hai)| karnATaka se prAraMbha hokara isa yAtrA kA mArga koMgudeza (koyaMbattura kSetra) kI parvata-zreNiyoM, tiruccirApalli ke pazcimI kSetra aura vahA~ se pudukkoTTa ke dakSiNa se hotA huA madurai kI parvata-zreNiyoM arthAt karnATaka kI pahAr3iyoM se madurai taka kA vizAla kSetra mAnA jA sakatA hai / toNDaimaNDalam (cigalapaTa, uttara arkATa aura dakSiNa arkATa jile) kI parvata-zreNiyoM meM avasthita prastara-zayyAoM se yukta guphAoM se pratIta hotA hai ki dhIre-dhIre kucha jaina tamilanADu ke uttarI aMcaloM meM bhI pahuMce the| coladeza meM tiruccirApalli aura kAverI ke kachAroM ke pazcimI taToM ko chor3akara toNDaimaNDalam ke dakSiNa aura pANDya rAjya ke uttara meM jainoM ke praveza ke pramANa kama hI milate haiN| 1 vaTTejutta eka prakAra kI zIghra likhI jAnevAlI lipi hai jo dakSiNI kSetra meM brAhmI se vikasita huI. 2 draSTavya : paravartI pR 101 para muttuppaTTi (samaNaramalai) ke aMtargata. 98

Page #171
adhyAya 9] dakSiNa bhArata saGgama sAhitya ke nAma se jJAta tatkAlIna tamila sAhitya jainoM aura unakI AcAra-saMhitA ke lie vikhyAta hai| jainoM kI uttarottara jJAnavRddhi, unake darzana aura siddhAMtoM kA paricaya hameM zilappadikAram aura maNimekhalai nAmaka mahAkAvyoM meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai, jo lagabhaga pA~cavIMchaThI zatI I0 ke mAne jA sakate haiM / yadyapi, ina mahAkAvyoM ke racanAkAla ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| kucha vidvAn saGgama sAhitya mAnakara ina mahAkAvyoM ko dUsarI zatI I0 kI racanAe~ mAnate haiM to kucha unheM pAThavIM zatI I0 jaise paravartI kAla kA batAte haiN| zilappadikAram meM spaSTa pramANa hai, ki kAverippUmpaTTiNam jaise mahattvapUrNa nagaroM aura cera deza (kerala) meM jaina maMdira vidyamAna the| uparyukta sAkSya ke anusAra ye nirmita zailI ke maMdira the aura unake nirmANa meM IMTa, gArA aura lakar3I Adi sAmagrI kA upayoga huA thA jaisA ki sAmAnyataH isa kSetra meM sAtavIM zatI ke pUrva taka hotA rahA thA / zilappadikAram meM eka aisI saMsthA kA ullekha hai jisakA mahattva aura prAcInatA dhyAna dene yogya hai| isa saMsthA ko guNavAyirkoTTam (eka maMdira vizeSa ?) kahate the aura vaha cera deza meM sthita batAyI gayI hai| ilaGgI aDigala jo isa mahAkAvya kA lekhaka thA, eka cera rAjakumAra thA jisane cera ke rAjasiMhAsana para se apanA uttarAdhikAra chor3akara saMnyAsa le liyA thaa| saMbhavataH jaina dIkSA lekara vaha gaNavAyirkodram kI sannidhi meM rahane lagA thaa| hAla hI meM isa koTTam kI sthiti cera kSetra meM siddha karane ke prayatna kiye gaye haiM aura saMyogavaza, isa mahAkAvya kA racanAkAla aba AThavIM zatI batAyA gayA hai / / yadyapi, yaha tarka prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa mahAkAvya se vyakta honevAle jaina prabhAva kI prakRti aura isameM ullikhita jaina saMsthAoM ke vizeSa vivaraNoM se yaha atyaMta asaMbhava lagatA hai ki aisI koI saMsthA usa samaya astitva meM AyI ho jaba sAtavIM zatI kA dhArmika saMgharSa samApta hI huA thA / yaha bhI nahIM lagatA ki vaha sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdiyoM meM hue brAhmaNa-vidroha ke ghAtaka pariNAmoM se svayaM ko kisI asAdhAraNa sImA taka surakSita rakha sakI ho| dUsarI ora, yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki mUla rUpa meM yaha maMdira IMTa aura gAre se banAyA gayA ho aura bAda meM use pASANa se punarnirmita kara diyA gayA ho, jisake khaNDahara madhya kerala ke koDuMgallUra (keMganora) ke samIpa kunavAya nAmaka sthAna para sthita mAne jAte haiN| prAMrabhika kAla ke maMdiroM yA caityavAsoM jaise kinhIM mahattvapUrNa jaina smArakoM ke abhAva meM, zayyAoM se yukta aura brAhmI-abhilekhAMkita ina prAkRtika guphAoM kA mahattva isalie aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai ki tamilanADu meM isa kAla ke smArakoM meM kevala inhIM para tithi aMkita hai| 1 nArAyaNan (ema jI esa). nyU lAiTa oNna kuNavAyirakoTTama eNDa da DeTa oNpha zilappadikArama. jarnala aoNpha iNDiyana hisTrI. 48; 1970; 691 tathA paravartI. 99

Page #172
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 ina pratiSThAnoM ke lie brAhmI abhilekhoM meM jo saMjJAe~ milatI haiM ve haiM--pAz2i (guphA), palli (guphA aura vyApaka artha meM vidyAlaya), atiTTAnam (Asana yA zayyA) aura kaMcaNam (shyyaa)| kara (chata), piNa-U (parNa) aura muzagai (AvaraNa) Adi sthApatya-viSayaka zabdoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai| ___ina sthAnoM se jur3I huI asamaMjasa meM DAlanevAlI eka aisI paraMparA bhI hai jo unakA saMbaMdha pA~ca pANDava vIroM se jor3atI hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM aise sabhI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika sthAnoM kA, jahA~ purAvazeSa vidyamAna haiM, sthAnIya anubhUtiyoM ke anusAra mahAkAvyoM kI ghaTanAoM se vAstava meM atyaMta ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| yaha tathya brAhmaNa kendroM ke viSaya meM bhI utanA hI saca hai jitanA ki jaina aura bauddha sthAnoM ke viSaya meM / isIlie, ye pahAr3iyA~ aura unakI guphAe~, zayyAe~ aura nirbhara sAmAnyataH sthAnIya bolI meM paMcapANDavamala, paMcapANDavara Tippa (yA kuTu), paMcapANDavara paDukkai, aivazunai Adi ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| tamilanADu ke prAcIna jaina kendroM kA agralikhita sarvekSaNa mukhyataH bhaugolika aura kSetrIya sImAoM ke AdhAra para hai aura isameM una kendroM kI kAla-kramAgata sthiti kA yathAsaMbhava saMketa hai| guphAoM kA vivaraNa madurai jilA madurai tAluka 1-namala (IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdiyA~)--vaigai nadI ke samIpa sthita isa grAma meM eka prAkRtika guphA hai jisameM eka brAhmI abhilekha hai| isameM kaI zayyAoM ke utkIrNa kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / guphA kI vizAla prakSipta zilA para jaina tIrthaMkaroM tathA siddhAyikA yakSI kI paravartI kAla kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| abhilekha kI vaTTejuttu lipi meM AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM ke vikhyAta jainAcAryoM meM se eka ajjaNandi kA bhI ullekha hai| yaha brAhmI abhilekha IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdiyoM kA mAnA gayA hai| 2-ariTTApaTTi (IsA-pUrva dvitIya - prathama zatAbdiyA~)--az2agarakoyila ke mArga meM melUra se ATha kilomITara para ariTTApaTTi nAmaka grAma hai / grAma meM eka pahAr3I hai, jise vahA~ kaz2iMjamalai kahate haiN| pahAr3I ke pUrvI bhAga meM eka guphA hai jisake zilA-prakSepa para eka paranAlA ukerA huA hai| guphA ke zIrSa para utkIrNa eka brAhmI abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki usa guphA kA dAna nelveli ke 1 rAman (ke vI) tathA subbarAyalu (vAi). e nyU tamila brAhmI iMskripzana ina ariTTApaTTi. jarnala oNpha iNDiyana hisTrI. 49%; 1971; 229-32. 100

Page #173
adhyAya 9 ] dakSiNa bhArata cajivana atanana voliyana ne kiyA thaa| isa abhilekha meM eka muzagai arthAt dhUpa aura pAnI se bacAva ke lie guphA ke sAmane lakar3I kI balliyoM aura tAr3apatroM se bane hue eka asthAyI chappara ke nirmANa kA rocaka ullekha hai| yahA~ ajjaNandi kI eka mUrti hai, jisapara utkIrNa eka paravartI vaTThejuttu abhilekha meM unake nAma kA ullekha hai| 3-mAMgulam (IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyA~)--yaha grAma ariTTApaTTi ke samIpa hai aura yahA~ kI pahAr3I kajugumalai kahalAtI hai| pahAr3I para guphAe~ haiM jinameM zailotkIrNa zayyAe~ aura chaha brAhmI abhilekha haiM / inameM se cAra abhilekhoM meM jaina AcArya kaNinanda kA nAma AyA hai| prAcInatama brAhmI abhilekha saMbhavataH yahIM haiM aura inakI purAlipi ke AdhAra para tathA eka prAcIna pANDya neDajejiyan ke saMdarbha ke kAraNa inakA samaya IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyA~ mAnA gayA hai (citra 36 k)| inameM se eka abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki vela-arai nAmaka sthAna se Aye kisI nigama ke eka vyApArI ne jAlI (parNa ? ; piNa-U) bnvaayii| 4-mutta ppaTTi (samaNaramalai) (IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdiyA~)-madurai ke pazcima meM pATha kilomITara dUra, pUrva-pazcima tIna kilomITara phailI huI caTTAnI pahAr3iyoM kI eka zreNI samaNaramale (samaNoM yA jainoM kI pahAr3I) kahalAtI hai| ina pahAr3iyoM kA dakSiNa-pazcimI chora kIz2a kuyilakuDi (kIz2akkuDi) grAma ke sAmane aura uttara-pazcimI chora muttuppaTTi grAma ke nikaTa par3atA hai| ina pahAr3iyoM para vibhinna sthAnoM para zayyAoM aura brAhmI abhilekhoM sahita aneka guphAe~ haiN| pahAr3iyoM para AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI vaTTa juttu lipi meM abhilekhAMkita paravartI jaina mUrtiyA~ milatI haiN| muttuppaTTi ke pAsa kI guphAoM meM zayyAe~ haiM jinheM sthAnIya bolI meM paMca-pAMDavara-paDukka kahate haiN| inake brAhmI abhilekhoM meM AvAsakartAoM aura dAtAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| AThavIMnauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ mahAvIra, unake anucaroM aura unake deva-deviyoM kA pratinidhitva . karatI haiN| kIz2akkuDi ke samIpa peccipallama aura peTTippoDalu nAmaka do guphAe~ haiM / inameM se dUsarI koMgara puliyaMgulam nAmaka grAma ke sAmane sthita hai / koMgara puliyaMgulam (settippoDavu guphA) ke brAhmI abhilekha rocaka haiM, kyoMki unameM ullekha hai ki guphA kI rakSA ke lie kUra yA vitAna, pattoM aura ghAsa-phUsa kA upayoga kiyA gayA / yahA~ kI aura peccipallam kI AThavIM / nauvIM zatAbdI kI mUrtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM aura aMbikA, ajitA, Adi yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| unameM prakhyAta jainAcArya ajjaNandi kI mUrti bhI hai| 101

Page #174
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 samaNaramalai nAmaka pahAr3iyoM kI pUrI zreNI veNbunADu meM sthita kuraNDi ke tirukkATTAmpalli nAmaka jaina vihAroM kA kendra rahI, jaisA ki nauvIM aura paravartI zatAbdiyoM ke abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai| tamilanADu ke caityavAsoM meM yaha kadAcit sabase bar3A thA, kyoMki isa pratiSThAna ke sadasyoM kA ullekha sudUra dakSiNa meM citrAla yA trivendrama ke dakSiNa meM tirucarANantumalai taka aura sudUra uttara ke uttara arkATa jile meM sthita karaNDai taka ke abhilekhoM meM milatA hai| 5-tirupparaMkuram (IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatI se dvitIya zatI I0 taka)--yaha sthAna subrahmaNya kI pUjA ke lie vikhyAta hai aura aba yahA~ eka pANDyakAlIna (nauvIM zatI) zailotkIrNa guphA-maMdira ke sAtha nirmANa kiye gaye bhavanoM kA vizAla samUha vidyamAna hai| isa pahAr3I para sarvaprathama jainoM kA AvAsa thA / pahAr3I ke eka anya bhAga meM sarasvatI tIrtha nAmaka eka bahuta U~ce sthAna para zayyAoM sahita prAkRtika-guphAe~ vidyamAna haiN| unameM cAra brAhmI abhilekha haiM, jinameM se eka isalie mahattva kA hai ki usameM ullekha hai ki zrIlaMkA ke eka gRhastha ne isa pratiSThAna kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isa guphA ke samIpa vidyamAna bAhubalI aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~, anya mUrtiyoM kI bhA~ti AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI haiN| 6-baricciyura (kunnattUra) (IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatI se dvitIya zatI I0 taka)-varicciyura meM isa pahAr3I para tIna abhilekhoM meM prastara-zayyAoM kA kacaNa (zayyA yA AvAsa) ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| pAji (yA palli) vaha zabda hai, jo guphA yA kaMdarA ke lie ina sabhI prAcIna abhilekhoM meM sAmAnyata: pAyA jAtA hai| ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kAlAMtara meM jainoM ke (aura bauddhoM ke bhI) caityavAsa yA kisI dhArmika pratiSThAna ke artha meM hone lgaa| palli zabda kA bhI artha-vistAra huA aura usase vidyAlaya yA zaikSaNika saMsthAna kA bodha hone lgaa| prAcIna bhArata meM jainoM aura bauddhoM kI prasiddhi mahAn zikSAzAstriyoM ke rUpa meM bhI rahI hai| melUra tAluka : 7-ajagaramala (IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyA~)-paMcapANDava zayyAe~ aura brAhmI abhilekha az2agaramala (prAcIna tamila sAhitya kA irunkutrama) meM bhI prApta hue haiN| isa sthAna ne kAlAMtara meM muruga (subrahmaNyam) aura viSNu kI pUjA ke eka prasiddha kendra ke rUpa meM paryApta vikAsa kiyaa| isa prakAra ke jaina pratiSThAnoM kA brAhmaNya pratiSThAnoM ke rUpa meM parivartana tamilanADu ke prAyaH sabhI jaina (aura kucha bauddha) pratiSThAnoM ke lie eka sAdhAraNa-sI bAta bana gayI thii| az2agaramala kI jaina mUrtiyoM (AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM) meM se eka jaina AcArya ajjaNandi kI hai| 8-karuMgAlakkuDi (IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyA~)-paMcapANDavarakuTu nAmaka pahAr3I para sthita isa grAma meM zayyAoM se yukta guphAe~ milI haiN| yahA~ ke eka brAhmI abhilekha meM guphA ke lie pAli zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 102

Page #175
zradhyAya 9 ] dakSiNa bhArata - kIja valavu ( IsA pUrva dvitIya- prathama zatAbdiyA~ ) -- kIjavalavu kI paMcapANDavamale meM vizAla caTTAneM aura guphAe~ haiM / yahA~ ke brAhmI abhilekha meM toNTi ke eka zrAvaka dvArA isa caityavAsa kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai / 10 - tiruvAdavUra ( IsA pUrva dvitIya- prathama zatAbdiyA~ ) -- isa grAma meM bhI brAhmI abhilekhAMkita guphAe~ haiN| tirumaMgalam tAluka : 11- vikkiramaMgalam ( IsA pUrva dvitIya- prathama zatAbdiyA~) - - nAgamale nAmaka sthAna para guphAoM aura zayyAoM sahita uNDAnnakallu nAmaka eka vizAla caTTAna hai, jisake brAhmI abhilekhoM meM una logoM ke nAma Aye haiM, jo ina guphAoM meM rahate the yA jinhoMne unakA dAna kiyA / nIlakkoTTe tAluka : 12- meTTupaTTi (IsA pUrva dvitIya- prathama zatAbdiyA~ ) - - isa grAma kI siddharamalai ( siddhoM kI pahAr3I) nAmaka pahAr3I para zayyAoM yukta guphAe~ haiM / caTTAna ke zayyAoM yukta nicale bhAga ko kamala kI paMkhur3iyoM kA-sA AkAra de diyA gayA hai / isI pITha para eka vRtta ke bhItara caraNa-yugala utkIrNa haiM, jinake bIca meM eka kamala banA hai / kahA jAtA hai, ye caraNa tAMtrika mata ke vyAkhyAtA sahajAnandanAtha ke haiM (? ) 11 yahA~ IsA pUrva dvitIya- prathama zatAbdiyoM ke, dAtAoMoM ke nAmollekha sahita nau brAhmI abhilekha haiM / madurai jile ke uttamapalaiyam, aivaramalai ( aiyampalayyam ), kuppalnattam ( poyagemale) aura palani ( paMcavarnappATukkai) kI pahAr3iyoM para bhI zayyAoM sahita yA zayyAhIna guphAe~ haiM / ina sthAnoM ke brAhmI abhilekhoM kI koI sUcanA nahIM hai, tathApi vahA~ vidyamAna AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI mUrtiyoM se spaSTa hai ki ye sthAna jainoM se saMbaddha rahe haiM / rAmanAthapuram jilA 13-14 - pillaiyarpatti ( pA~cavIM zatI I0 ) aura kulakkudi ( IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdiyA~) -- uparyukta jile ke tiruppattura tAluka meM sthita haiM, inameM brAhmI abhilekha haiM para donoM hI sthAnoM ke guphA maMdira zailotkIrNa haiM aura donoM hI zaivamata se saMbaMdha rakhate haiM; jainoM se unake prAcIna saMbaMdhoM kA pramANa bahuta hI kama milatA hai / 1 enuala riporTa naoNna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI * 1907-08 bhAga 2. anuccheda 99. abhilekha 1908 kA 47. ( * Age ke pRSThoM meM ema0 I0 Ara0 ke nAma se ullikhita ). 103

Page #176
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 tirunelveli jilA 15-16-marukaltale (civalapperi) (IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyA~) aura vIra-zikhAmaNi tirunelveli tAluka meM sthita haiM, unameM zayyAoM aura brAhmI abhilekhoM se yukta guphAe~ haiM / marukaltalai abhilekha meM prastara-zayyA ke lie kaMcaNam zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vIrazikhAmaNi meM prastara-zayyAoM ke atirikta eka caraNa-yugala bhI hai jo eka varga ke bhItara kamala para utkIrNa hai| eka paravartI abhilekha ke anusAra yaha caraNa yugala bhI sahajAnandanAtha kA hai| tirunelveli jile ke sendamaram, malaiyadikkuricci aura tirumalaipurama meM bhI kucha prastara zayyAe~ aura jaina mUrtiyA~ hone kI sUcanA milI hai| tiruccirappalli jilA 17-tiruccirappalli (IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdiyA~)--tiruccirappalli meM sunaharI caTTAna nAmaka pahAr3I para zayyAoM se yukta eka guphA hai / palli zabda kA prayoga isa saMdarbha meM sthAnavAcI nAma ke pratyaya ke rUpa meM huA mAnA jA sakatA hai, jo isake prAraMbhika jaina saMbaMdhoM ke kAraNa bana par3A hai, kyoMki yaha zabda sabhI jaina pratiSThAnoM, vizeSataH vidyAlayoM, ke lie prayoga meM AyA hai| prastara-zayyAoM meM se eka para brAhmI abhilekha hai, jise saMdeha ke sAtha ceNkayapan par3hA gayA hai| yahA~ zaiva mata ke sAtavIM zatI ke guphA-maMdira haiM aura ina guphAoM kA nirmANa pallava zAsaka mahendra varman (lagabhaga 580-630) ke dvArA kiyA gayA mAnA gayA hai| yadi yaha paraMparA sahI hai ki yaha pallava zAsaka jaina se zaiva ho gayA thA aura tirucirappalli ke zailotkIrNa guphA-maMdira usake dvArA utkIrNa karAye gaye maMdiroM meM se prAcInatama haiM to yaha kendra una sthAnoM meM se eka mAnA jAyegA jahA~ kAlAMtara meM jaina pratiSThAnoM ko zaiva aura vaiSNava pratiSThAnoM ke rUpa meM parivartita kiyA gayA yA unake sthAna para zaiva aura vaiSNava pratiSThAna nirmita kiye gye| 18-tiruccirappalli jile ke kulittale tAluka meM sthita zivayam meM pA~ca mITara U~cI eka sundakkaparai nAmaka adbhuta caTTAna hai| usameM eka paMkti meM utkIrNa pA~ca zayyAe~ haiN| usakI eka coTI para eka catuSkoNa pIThikA hai, jisapara mahAvIra aura unake anucaroM kI paravartI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| kucha paravartI abhilekha bhI haiM, jinameM jaina prAcAryoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| 1 ema0 I0 Ara0, 1907-08. bhAga 2. anuccheda 20.1908 kA 42. 2 mahAdevana (AI). kaoNpasa praoNpha tamila brAhmI iMskripzaMsa. 1966. madrAsa. pR 11. 3 1913 kA 50. 104

Page #177
adhyAya 9] dakSiNa bhArata 16-zittannavAsala (IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyA~)--ina prAcIna jaina pratiSThAnoM (citra 36 kha) meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya aura IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatI se nauvIM zatI I0 taka niraMtara jainoM ke prabhutva meM rahA eka pratiSThAna zittannavAsala hai jo tiruccirappalli jile (bhUtapUrva pudukkoTTa riyAsata) ke tirumayam tAluka meM sthita meM hai| sthAnIya pahAr3I para eladipattam nAmaka eka prAkRtika guphA hai, usase lage hue sAta aise caukora gaDDhe haiM jo guphA taka pahuMcane meM sIr3hiyoM kA kAma karate haiN| vitAna kA kAma denevAlI UparI prakSipta zilA se isa guphA kI lambAI bar3ha gayI hai| prastara-zayyAe~ chenI se cikanI kI gayI haiN| eka zayyA ke samIpa lagabhaga IsA-pUrva dvitIya-prathama zatAbdiyoM kA eka brAhmI abhilekha (citra 40) hai| usameM eruminATu (karnATaka kSetra ?) ke kumulara meM utpanna kisI kAviTu-iteN nAmaka vyakti ke lie cirupAvila ilayare dvArA atiTa-aNama (zayyA yA Asana) ke banAye jAne kA ullekha hai| pahAr3I kI dUsarI ora, ukta prAkRtika guphA se nIce ke sthAna para jaina mata kA eka guphAmaMdira hai (draSTavya : adhyAya 16) / mUlataH sAtavIM zatI meM utkIrNa kiye gaye isa gaphA-maMdira kA nauvIM zatI meM navInIkaraNa tathA punaH alaMkaraNa kiyA gayA, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha jaina-kendra niraMtara eka sahasra varSa se bhI adhika samaya taka mahattvapUrNa rhaa| 20-nartamalai---zittannavAsala ke uttara meM natamale ke samIpa tIna pahAr3iyoM kA eka aura samUha hai jinameM se eka kA nAma ammacalam pahAr3I (yA aluruttumalai) hai / guphA ke Upara kI prakSipta zilA para pAlizayukta zayyAe~ aura sAtavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI paravartI jaina mUrtiyA~ haiN| 21-tenimalai (tenurmalai)---usI kSetra meM eka anya pahAr3I hai tenimalai, jisake pUrvI bhAga meM eka andara-madam nAmaka prAkRtika guphA hai, jahA~ prAcIna kAla meM jaina muni tapasyA kiyA karate the| isa guphA ke pArzva meM sAtavIM-nauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI kucha jaina mUrtiyA~ haiM (citra 41) / karUra tAluka : 22-pugalUra (IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdiyA~ ? )pugalUra meM arunattara pahAr3I para zayyAoM se yukta guphAeM haiM (citra 42) / ina zayyAoM ke uSNISa para bAraha choTe brAhmI abhilekha utkIrNa haiN| eka cera rAjakumAra ke dvArA banavAye gaye adhiSThAna yA AvAsagRha kA dAtA ke rUpa meM yAra ke eka amaNana (digaMbara jaina sAdhu) cerikAyaman kA ukta abhilekhoM meM se tIna meM ullekha hai| ina abhilekhoM kA samaya IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdiyA~ mAnA gayA hai| ye aura koyambatUra jile ke araccalu ke tIna abhilekha karnATaka se tamilanADu, vizeSataH madurai kSetra kI ora, jAnevAle mArga para sthita koMgudeza (vartamAna koyambatUra, iroda, salema aura karUra kSetra) ke prAcIna abhilekhoM meM vizeSa 105

Page #178
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 I0 pU0 se 300 I0 [ bhAga 2 mahattva ke haiN| tathApi, yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki yahA~ ke brAhmI abhilekhoM kA samaya madurai ke abhilekhoM se bAda kA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha AzaMkA bahuta tarkasaMgata hogI ki alaga-alaga akSaroM ke vikAsa kI avasthAoM kA bodha karAnevAle ina brAhmI abhilekhoM kA samayAMkana anya aitihAsika aura bhaugolika AdhAroM ko mahattva na dete hue kevala purAlipi-vijJAna ke AdhAra para vizvasanIya hai yA nahIM / yaha sujhAva upayukta hogA ki pANDya rAjya ke madhyabhAga kI ora bar3hate hue jaina ina pahAr3iyoM ke parisara meM Thahare the| 23-arunattara pahAr3I ke lagabhaga 10 kilomITara dUra ardhanArIpalaiyam nAmaka sthAna hai, jisameM eka caTTAna para chenI se zayyAeM utkIrNa kI huI haiN| isa caTTAna ke pArzva meM aivarasunai (pA~coM kA srota)1 nAmaka eka jalasrota hai| koyambatUra jilA iroda tAluka : 24-araccalUra (IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdiyA~) - araccalUra ke brAhmI abhilekhoM kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cakA hai| unameM se eka dAtA ke rUpa meM tevan cATTana nAmaka jauharI kA nAma AtA hai| uttara arkATa jilA ceyyara tAluka: 25-mamandura (IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdiyA~)_yaha una sthAnoM meM se hai, jahA~ ke prAcIna jaina pratiSThAnoM ko yA to nayA AkAra diyA gayA yA ve zaiva rUpa meM parivartita kara diye gye| ekamAtra brAhmI abhilekhayukta yaha guphA sthAnIya pahAr3I kI durgama U~cAI para sthita hai aura abhilekha meM ullekha hai usa rAjA kA, jisane tenUra para Adhipatya kiyA aura usa tacana (rAjagIra)kA, jisane isa kuru yA pahAr3I ko kATA / vizeSa mahattva to isa pahAr3I ke zailotkIrNa guphA-maMdiroM kA hai, jinakA samaya mahendravarmana-prathama kA zAsanakAla mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisake jaina dharma se zaiva dharma meM parivartita hone kA AdhAra tevAram tathA zaivoM ke saMta-carita-sAhitya kI paripuSTa paraMparA meM vidyamAna hai| 26-uttara arkATa jile ke sedurampattu meM bhI prastara-zayyAe~ haiM, jinapara prakSipta zilA vitAna kI bhA~ti chAyI huI hai| inameM se eka zayyA para utkIrNa eka tricchatra se isa sthAna kA jaina saMbaMdha nissaMdeha rUpa se siddha hotA hai / | ema. I. pAra0, 1927-28. bhAga 2. anuccheda 1. 2 ema0 I0 Ara0, 1939-40 se 1942-43. bhAga 2. anuccheda 158 . 106

Page #179
adhyAya 9] dakSiNa bhArata dakSiNa arkATa jilA 27-tirunAtharakuru (sirukadambura) (pA~cavI zatI I.)-isa grAma kI eka vizAla zilA para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI-saMkramaNa-kAla ke do paravartI brAhmI abhilekha haiM, jinameM candiranandi aura ilayapaDArana nAmaka do jaina prAcAryoM kI niSidhiyoM kA ullekha hai, jinhoMne kramazaH sattAvana aura tIsa dina kA upavAsa kiyaa| 28-solavandipuram meM jaina devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM sahita caTTAnoM kA eka andimalai nAmaka samUha hai / kucha prastara zayyAe~ haiM, para unapara koI abhilekha nahIM hai| cittUra jilA (Andhra pradeza) prAcIna tamilanADu ke sudUra uttarI bhAga meM (jo aba Andhra pradeza kA bhAga bana gayA hai) kannikapuram aura nagarI nAmaka sthAnoM para paMcapANDava zayyAoM sahita kUcha guphAe~ haiN| ina sthAnoM se koI abhilekha nahIM milA hai| raM0 campakalakSmI 107

Page #180

Page #181
bhAga 3 vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0

Page #182

Page #183
adhyAya 10 mathurA upalabdha sAmagrI cauthI zatAbdI ke prAraMbhika varSoM meM gupta-zAsakoM ke prAdurbhAva ke sAtha hI jaina kalA aura sthApatya ko mathurA meM gaharA dhakkA lagA pratIta hotA hai| yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahA~ eka ora pUrva-guptakAlIna lAla cittIdAra balue patthara kI anekoM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~, pAyAga-paTa, caitya-staMbha, vedikA-staMbha, uSNISa-staMbha saradala aura zilpAMkita vAstu-avazeSa prApta hote haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora guptakAla meM isa prakAra kI kalAkRtiyoM kI saMkhyA meM Azcaryajanaka kamI huI hai| purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (pu0 saM0 ma0) aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (rA0 saM0 la0) meM jahA~ mathurA ke adhikAMza purAvazeSa saMgrahIta haiM, kramaza: kevala ar3atIsa aura ikkIsa aisI jaina mUrtiyA~ saMgRhIta haiM, jinheM nizcaya rUpa se gupta-yugIna kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra kI kitanI mUrtiyA~ isa deza ke anya saMgrahAlayoM meM tathA kitanI videzoM meM haiM, isakI ThIka-ThIka sUcanA sugamatA se upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa kAla kI mathurA-kalAkRtiyA~ paryApta saMkhyA meM kahIM bhI nahIM haiN| gapta-kAla kI vAstu-kalAkRtiyoM kI sthiti aura bhI zocanIya hai| lakhanaU yA mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM se kisI meM eka bhI mahattvapUrNa jaina kRti nahIM hai| aura na vahA~ mRNmUrtiyA~ hI haiN| ukta tathyoM ke kAraNa svAbhAvika rUpa se hI yaha vizvAsa karane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki kuSANakAla ke pazcAt, mathurA meM jaina dharma ko paryApta kSati uThAnI par3I, kintu isake kyA kAraNa the, yaha batA sakanA kaThina hai| yaha vivaraNa to prApta hotA hai ki janoM aura bauddhoM meM vAda-vivAda hayA thA, jisameM jainoM kI vijaya haI thii| yadi jainoM kI yaha vijaya tAtkAlika rahI ho aura gapta-kAla meM bauddha mathurA meM paryApta prabhAvazAlI bhI the, to bhI yaha vAda-vivAda jaina dharma kI jar3oM ko hAni nahIM pahu~cA sakatA thaa| 1 vyavahArabhASya. 5,27,28. / jinaprabha . vividha-kalpasUtra. saMpA : jinavijaya. 1934. zAntiniketana. pR17-18 . 111

Page #184
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 brAhmaNa paMthoM ko rAjyAzraya kA milanA eka aura kAraNa batAyA jA sakatA hai, kintu kevala yahI ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / skaMdagupta ke kahAU~ abhilekha (460-61 I0) se yaha pramANa milatA hai ki jaina dharma kA astitva anya sthAnoM meM thA, kyoMki gupta zAsaka sahiSNu the / kAraNa jo bhI rahA ho, yaha eka satya hai ki gupta kAla meM mathurA meM jainoM ne apanI lokapriyatA kho dI thii| phira bhI jainoM kA mathurA meM apanA saMgaThana thA aura jaina dharma ko gRhasthoM kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM samarthana milatA rahA / bar3e aura sAmAnya AkAra kI jaina pratimAe~ banatI rahIM aura maMdiroM meM pratiSThita bhI kI jAtI rahIM, kintu caramotkarSa kA samaya aba nahIM raha gayA thA / mathurA se prApta sAmagrI nimnalikhita mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM hai : (1) dhyAnastha mudrA meM AsIna tIrthakaroM kI paccIsa mUrtiyA~ (cAra ke citra yahA~ diye gaye haiM, citra 43-46) / prayAgapaToM aura sarasvatI, balabhadra, dharaNendra jaise jaina devatAoM yA anya zAsana- devoM yA zAsanadeviyoM kI pRthak mUrtiyoM kA to spaSTa rUpa se prabhAva hai / yahA~ taka ki sarvatobhadra mUrtiyA~ to lagabhaga na milane ke samAna haiM / mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM jo eka mUrti hai bhI (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-75 ) vaha paravartI saMkramaNakAla arthAt lagabhaga sAtavIM / grAThavIM zatAbdI kI hai / aba jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai, usapara vistAra se vicAra kiyA jAyegA / 1 (2) khaDgAsana mudrA meM tIrthakaroM kI chaha mUrtiyA~ (do ke citra yahA~ diye gaye haiM, citra 47 ) / (3) tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke teIsa viyukta sira (tIna ke citra vahAM diye gaye haiM, citra 48 50 ) / (4) kucha khaMDita kRtiyA~" / rA0 saM0 na0 je 36, je 52 ve 89, je 104 (citra 43), je-118 ( citra 44 ), je 119, je 122, - je je 139 - 584 (?), po-181 (citra 45 ) : pu0 saM0ma0 bI-1, bI-6, bI-1 (citra 46 ), ; : 7 bI-11, bI-28, bI-31, bI-33, bI-74, bI-75, 15959, 15983, 181388, 543769, 57:4338. 57 4382. 2 rA0 saM0 0 je-83 meM 86, je 100 -121 (citra 47 ) 0 saM0ma0 bI 33,12268 ( citra 47 kha ) . 3 rA0 [saM0 0 je 59 (kevala sira), je 164 (citra 50 ) je 168, je 175, je 176, je 200, je 207. je-222; pu0 saM0 ma0 e-35, bI-44 ( citra 48 ), bI-45, bI-46, bI 48, bI-49, bI-50, bI-53, at-59, at-60, at-61, 11134, 15 565, 15 566, 29 1941, 33 2348 (f 49), 67 189. 4 rA0 saM0 la0 : je-2; pu0 saM0 ma0 : 14.488, 15.624. 112

Page #185
adhyAya 10] mathurA FLASON mathurA - tIrthakara mUrti citra 43 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #186
vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 mathurA tIrthaMkara mUrti citra 44 [ bhAga 3

Page #187
adhyAya 10 ] mathurA - tIrthakara mUrti citra 45 mathurA

Page #188
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 mathurA - tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha citra 46 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #189
adhyAya 10] mathurA (kha) mathurA - tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (ka) mathurA-tIrthakara neminAtha citra 47

Page #190
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 mathurA-tIrthakara mUrti kA zIrSa citra 48 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #191
adhyAya 10 ] matharA mathurA - tIrthaMkara mUrti kA zIrSa citra 49

Page #192
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 mathurA-tIrthakara mUrti kA zIrSa citra 50 For Private &Personal use only

Page #193
zradhyAya 10 ] dhyAnastha tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ dhyAnastha mudrA meM AsIna tIrthaMkaroM kI prApta mUrtiyoM meM se do nizcaya hI AdinAtha kI haiM (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-6 aura bI - 7, citra 46 ) / eka mUrti neminAtha kI thI ( rA0 saM0 la0 : je - 86 ) kintu vaha aba pUrI taraha khaMDita avasthA meM haiM aura zilApaTTa para unake anucara balabhadra kI mUrti hI zeSa bacI hai / ina mUrtiyoM meM se tIna abhilekhAMkita haiM / ( rA0 saM0 la0 : je 584, je-52; pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI - 75) / aMta meM varNita mUrti para varSa 67 ( arthAt 416 I0 ) aMkita hai / 1 ina mUrtiyoM ( rA 0 saM0 la0 : je-52, je 584 ( ? ), je - 116; pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-6, bI-7 citra 46, 15.683, 57.4388) meM se aneka para camaradhAriyoM kA citraNa yaha siddha karatA hai ki yaha kalA-pratIka, jisakA aMkana pichale yuga meM prAraMbha huA thA, dhIre-dhIre lokapriya hotA jA rahA thA / mathurA kuSANayuga kI padmAsana pratimAoM se tulanA karane para ina mUrtiyoM meM nizcaya hI adhika sajIvatA aura svAbhAvikatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / khaDgAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ padmAsana kI apekSA khaDgAsana meM bahuta kama mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM / khaDgAsana meM prApta chaha mUrtiyoM meM se do prAdinAtha (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-33, 12.268, citra 47 kha ), eka neminAtha ( rA0 saM0 la0 : je - 121, citra 47 ka ) aura cauthI pratimA pArzvanAtha ( rA0 saM0 la0 : je - 100 ) kI hai / zeSa do pratimAoM kI pahacAna kara sakanA kaThina hai / isa varga meM kevala eka (pu0 saM0 ma0 12 268 citra 47 kha ) hI abhilekhAMkita hai jisameM yaha ullekha hai ki AdinAtha kI yaha pratimA sAgara kI thI aura samudra dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thI tathA isake svAmI sAgara ne kisI saMgaraka ko ise de diyA thA / 2 purAlipi ke AdhAra para, isa purAlekha kA aura svabhAvataH hI isa pratimA kA bhI - - samaya cauthI zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika kAla nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki adhikAMza padmAsana aura khaDgAsana pratimAe~ ubhare rUpa meM utkIrNa haiM, pRSThAdhAra zilApaTTa ke binA nahIM / 1 agravAla ( vAsudevazararaNa). kaiTelaoNga graoNpha da mathurA myujiyama jarnala graoNpha va yU pI hisTaoNrikala sosAiTI, 23; 1950; 54. 2 vahI, pR 56. 113

Page #194
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 zIrSa viyukta zIrSoM ke sUkSma adhyayana se nimnalikhita mahattvapUrNa tathya sAmane Ate haiM : 1. kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara unake keza niyojita rUpa meM dhuMgharAle haiM (citra 50) / apavAdoM meM se eka para lahariyevAle keza haiM (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 33.2348, citra 46) aura dUsare ke bAla kaMghI se pIche kI ora sa~vAre hue citrita kiye gaye haiM (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 12.268, citra 47 kh)| 2. eka apavAda ko chor3akara (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 12.268, citra 47 kha) zeSa meM urNa-cihna nahIM haiN| 3. eka mUrti ke (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-44, citra 48) lalATa para eka vartulAkAra cihna dRSTigocara hotA hai, jo eka sa~karI paTTI dvArA laTakA huA kuNDala-jaisA pratIta hotA hai| yadi yahI cihna vArANasI se prApta ajitanAtha kI lagabhaga samakAlIna mUrti (rA0 saM0 la0 : 46.166, rekhAcitra 6) para nahIM pAyA gayA hotA to usake saMbaMdha meM zIghra hI yaha mAna liyA gayA hotA ki kisI ne bAda meM yaha zarArata isa abhiprAya se kI hogI ki tIrthaMkara kI mUrti para tilaka-maNi dikhAyA jA ske| ataeva isa cihna para vizeSa dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai| rekhAcitra 6. vArANasI : ajitanAtha kI mUrti kA sira (rA0 saM0 la0, 49.199) 4. sAmAnyatayA, bhauheM nAka ke Upara eka bindu para milatI haiM, kintu isa vizeSatA ko, jo kucha hI mUrtiyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-56, kevala sira (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-53, 15.565, 26.1641 Adi), usa yuga kA lakSaNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 114

Page #195
adhyAya 10 ] mathurA 5. sAmAnyataH, aA~kha kI putaliyA~ citrita nahIM kI gayI haiN| mathurA saMgrahAlaya (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-53) kI eka mUrti ko eka durlabha apavAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| mathurA se prApta aneka guptakAlIna jainetara mUrtiyoM se bhI yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki A~kha kI putaliyoM kA citraNa karane kI prathA pracalita nahIM thii| 6. hoTha sAdhAraNataH moTe aura lambe haiM aura kAna kaMdhoM ko chUte haiN| 7. sAmAnyataH ceharA gaMbhIra hai, kintu kisI-kisI meM madhura musakAna bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-207, bI-45, 67.186 aadi)| khaNDita kRtiyA~ aisI kRtiyA~ itanI khaNDita haiM ki unheM Upara batAye gaye vargoM meM se kisI bhI varga meM rakhanA kaThina hai / udAharaNa ke lie rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI je-2 kramAMkita kRti eka abhilekhAMkita pAdapITha hai jisapara varSa 264 (377 I.) aMkita hai| vizeSa lakSaNa : prAsana aura unakA alaMkaraNa pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke lie kisI na kisI prakAra kA prAsana banAyA gayA hai| ina AsanoM meM prAcInatama arthAt gupta-kAla se pahale ke, prAsana kA rUpa pAdapITha ke sAtha hI sAdA hotA thA / gupta-kAla meM yaha prAsana eka prakAra ke galIce se DhakA huaA hone lagA, jisake eka bhAga ko pAdapITha ke sAmane laTakatA huA dekhA jA sakatA hai (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-7, citra 46 ; rA0 saM0 la0 : je-116)| ukta galIce ke Upara eka bhArI gahI hai, jo dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara ke lie Asana kA kAma detI hai| isa gaddI para prAyaH AlaMkArika sajjA hotI hai (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 15.983, bI-7, citra 46 ityAdi) / jo bhI ho, eka prAkRti para kamala-paMkhur3iyoM kA atirikta alaMkaraNa bhI hai (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 18.1388) / kucha mUrtiyoM meM gaddI spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / kintu dhyAnastha mUrti ke padmAsana kI yatra-tatra asvAbhAvika sthiti se usake astitva kA AbhAsa hotA hai (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-1; rA0 saM0 la0 : je-118, citra 44 Adi) / uparyukta udAharaNoM meM, padmAsanastha TA~geM merudaMDa se ThIka samakoNa nahIM banAtIM apitu sAmane kI ora jhukI huI dekhI jA sakatI hai - yaha sthiti taba hotI hai, jaba koI aise U~ce Asana para baiThe, jisakI gaddI choTI ho| susajjita pRSTha-avalaMba kA prAraMbha bhI gupta-kAla meM hI huaa| eka kalAkRti meM (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-118, citra 44) sIdhI char3oM se yukta eka pRSTha-avalaMba, anuprastha dharanoM (zahatIroM) aura lapakate hue siMha ke alaMkaraNa dekhe jA sakate haiN| 115

Page #196
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 - N CATML - 2 hAhA: -4 6 rekhAcitra 7. mathurA : pAdapIThoM para aMkita siMha : 1-4, kuSANakAlIna (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-20, je-30, je-34, je-26); 5--6, guptakAlIna (rA0 saM0 la0: je-118, je-121) 116

Page #197
adhyAya 10 ] mathurA pAdapITha Asana ke nIce pAdapITha hotA hai| pAdapITha para dharma-cakra aMkita karane kI prathA kuSANayuga se pracalita thI, jo yA to dharAtala para yA kisI prakAra ke staMbha para banAyA jAtA thA aura usake donoM ora prAyaH eka paMkti meM khar3e hue bhakta nara-nArI dikhAye jAte the| pAdapITha ke donoM siroM para siMha aMkita kiye jAte the| gupta-kAla meM yaha saMpUrNa kalA-pratIka sAmAnya rUpa se vahI rahA, kintu usameM nimnalikhita parivartana dikhAI dete haiM : (1) dharma-cakra kA AdhAra-staMbha bahuta hI kama dikhAI detA hai (udAharaNa ke lie, pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-6) / sAmAnyataH dharma-cakra kA AdhAra bahuta hI halakA hai (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 12.268, citra 47 kha) yA vaha sIdhA dharAtala para hI avasthita pratIta hotA hai (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-118, citra 44, je-121, citra 47 k)| saMbhavataH yaha vyavasthA isa lokapriya dhAraNA ko sUcita karatI hai ki digvijaya ke pazcAt cakra-ratna tIrthaMkara ke pavitra Asana yA caraNoM ke nIce vizrAma kara rahA hai| (2) dharma-cakra kA sAdhAraNata: mukhAMkana kiyA jAtA hai (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-121, citra 47) / yadyapi mUrtikAra ne kabhI-kabhI usakA pArzva-citra bhI denA ThIka samajhA (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 18.1388, bI-7, citra 46) / prAyaH isa cakra meM solaha are hote haiM, kintu isa viSaya meM koI ekarUpatA nahIM hai / jaba isa cakra kA mukhAMkana kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha svAbhAvika rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai, kintu usakA pArzva-citrAMkana adhika alaMkRta hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI isa cakra ke madhyabhAga se eka DorI gujaratI huI dikhAI detI hai (pu0 saM0 ma0: 18.1388) / isa DorI ke kAraNa cakra eka prakSepAstra ke samAna pratIta hotA haiM, jise calAne ke lie DorI Avazyaka thI, yadyapi dharma-cakra tIrthaMkara dvArA pratipAdita dharmaniyamoM kA cakra thA na ki koI Ayudha / gupta-kAla ke aMta taka, jainoM ne bhI usa prasiddha 'hariNa aura cakra' kalA-pratIka (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-75) ko apanA liyA thA jo bauddhoM meM lokapriya aura unake lie sArthaka thaa| (3) gupta-yuga meM pavitra cakra ke donoM ora bhaktoM kI paMktiyoM kA aMkana, jisakA prAraMbha kadAcit gAMdhAra-kalA meM huaA thA, dhIre-dhIre lupta ho gayA / guptakAlIna adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM yA to vaha hai hI nahIM (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-116; pu0 saM0 ma0 : 12.268, citra 47 kha) yA pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM usakA citraNa isa prakAra huA hai ki do vyakti hAtha jor3akara ghuTanoM ke bala baiThe haiM (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-118, citra 44) / (4) kucha pAdapIThoM para eka nayI vizeSatA pramukha rUpa se ubharakara AyI hai; vaha hai parameSThiyoM kA citraNa / kahAU~ zilAlekha meM unheM paMcendra kahA gayA hai aura unakI pahacAna AdinAtha, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra ke rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai| eka hI pAdapITha para 1 deva (esa bI). hisTrI praoNpha jaina monakijma. 1956. pUnA. pR 103. 117

Page #198
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [bhAga 3 ina pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kA citraNa mathurA meM gupta-kAla meM prAraMbha hA pratIta hotA hai| inameM se eka kI mUrti to kendrastha hotI thI aura zeSa cAra kA citraNa laghu-mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM pAdapITha para yA pIche ke zilApaTTa para kiyA jAtA thA (udAharaNa ke lie, pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-7, citra 46; rA0 saM0 la0 : je-121, citra 47 k)| upalabdha sthAna ke anusAra inheM padmAsana yA khaDgAsana mudrA meM aMkita kiyA jAtA thA / udAharaNArtha, neminAtha kI uparyukta mUrti ke paTTa (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-121, citra 47 ka) para tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ haiM aura eka khaDgAsana-madrA meM / (5) tIrthaMkara ke cakravartitva ko pratIka rUpa meM darzAne ke lie pAdapITha para aMkita siMhoM kA bhI vizeSa adhyayana Avazyaka hai| kuSANakAla se hI ve pAdapITha ke donoM choroM para nimnalikhita meM se kisI eka sthiti meM citrita kiye gaye haiM (rekhA citra 7, 1-4) : (ka) sAmane kI ora muMha karake khar3e hue (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-32, je-34, je-40 Adi); (kha) sAmane khar3e hue kintu mukha pArzva kI ora, eka dUsare kI ora dekhate hue; (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-25, je-26: je-30, je-33 Adi); (ga) kiMcit sAmane kI ora mu~ha karake khar3e hue, (ka) aura (kha) ke bIca kI sthiti meM (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-35); aura (gha) agale pairoM ko khar3A karake pITha se pITha milAkara baiThe hae (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-14, je-17, je-18, je-16, je-27 aadi)| gupta-kAla meM, siMhoM ke aMkana meM kucha nayI zailiyA~ pracalita huIM (rekhAcitra 7, 5-6); (ka) pITha se pITha milAkara ukar3a sthiti meM pUcha Upara uThAye hue (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 18.1388, bI-6, 57.4338 Adi); (kha) pITha se pITha milAkara baiThe hue kintu mukha sAmane kI ora tathA sAmane ke paMje kucha Upara uThAye hae (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-116); aura (ga) sAmane kI ora muMha karake calane kI mudrA meM khar3e hue (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-7, citra 46) / prastuta kalAkRti (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-121, citra 47 ka) ke pAdapITha para atyaMta manoraMjaka prAkRtiyA~ dikhAI detI haiN| isapara kuSANa aura gupta-kAla kI vizeSatAoM kA adabhata samanvaya hai| pAdapITha ke pratyeka kone meM, eka ceharA aisA hai jisake sAtha do zarIra jor3e gaye haiM--eka sAmane se aura dUsarA pArzva meM / pArzva meM kuSANa-paraMparA surakSita hai, jabaki sAmane ke aMkana meM guptakAlIna vyavasthA pAyI jAtI hai| rekhAcitra 7 meM kuSANa aura gupta-yugoM ke pracalana kI kramazaH jhalaka hai / deva aura kinnara isa varga meM nimnalikhita sammilita haiM : mAlAdhArI gaMdharva, aMtarikSa meM bhramaNa karate suparNa, tIrthakara ke donoM ora camaradhArI yA bhakti-mudrA meM khar3e hue sevaka, tathA neminAtha kI mUrti ke sAtha kRSNabaladeva / inameM se aneka kA prAraMbha kuSANakAla meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| gupta-kAla meM nimnalikhita 118

Page #199
adhyAya 10 ] mathurA vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya haiM : (1) vAyumaNDala meM bhramaNa karate devaloka ke mAlAdhArI puruSa (pu0 saM0 ma0 : 12.268, citra 47 kha ; rA0 saM0 la0 : je-118, citra 44; je-121, citra 47 ka); (2) mAlAe~ liye hue vAyucArI gaMdharva-yugala (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-116); (3) pUjana sAmagrI liye hue devaloka ke prANI (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-104, citra 43); (4) tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora camaradhArI (pu0 saM0 ma0:bI-6, bI-7, citra 46; 57.4338 Adi); (5) neminAtha ke pArzva meM kRSNa-baladeva (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-121, citra 47 ka); tathA (6) graha jo gupta-kAla ke aMta meM aMkita kiye jAne lage the| prastuta kalAkRti meM (pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-75) kevala pATha hI graha dikhAye gaye haiN| kintu gupta-kAla ke pazcAt sabhI nau grahoM kA aMkana sarvathA sAmAnya bAta ho gayI thii| zAsana-devatAoM kA aMkana mathurA meM pracalita nahIM thaa| bhAmaNDala kA alaMkaraNa kuSANakAla kI aneka mUrtiyoM meM bhAmaNDala kA aMkana yadi kahIM kiyA jAtA thA to vaha sAdA hotA thA tathA usakI kora sajIlI hotI thii| kintu tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke pUrNa alaMkRta bhAmaNDaloM kA nitAMta abhAva nahIM thA (udAharaNArtha, rA0 saM0 la0 : je-8) / gupta-kAla meM bhAmaNDala ko aneka kalA-pratIkoM, yathA padmadala, patrAvalI, hAra-yaSTi, hasti-nakha, patrazAkhA Adi se alaMkRta karane kI prathA cala par3I thii| zarIra-lakSaNoM ke rUpa meM zubha cihnoM kA prayoga lalitavistara nAmaka bauddha graMtha meM jo IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM upalabdha thA, aise aneka pavitra cihnoM kA ullekha hai, jo buddha ke zarIra para pAye jAte the| kuSANakAla kI buddha aura bodhisatva kI jo pratimAe~ mathurA meM pAyI gayI haiM ve isa sAhityika vivaraNa kA dRzya-sAkSya prastu karatI haiM / jainoM ne bhI apane tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM para isa prakAra ke cihnoM ko aMkita karane kI prathA ko prAyaH apanA liyA thaa| tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM kI khulI hatheliyoM para cakra-cihna tathA pairoM ke taluoM meM cakra aura triratna kA aMkana bahuta pAyA jAtA hai / aisI pratimAe~ bahuta hI kama (udAharaNArtha rA0 saM0 la0 : je-36) haiM jinake taluoM para triratna nahIM pAyA jaataa| u~galiyoM ke siroM para, svastika, zrIvatsa, mIna, ulaTA triratna, zaMkha Adi zubha pratIkoM kA sUkSma rUpa meM aMkana karane kI paddhati bhI kucha mUrtikAroM ne apanA lI thI (udAharaNa ke lie, rA0 saM0 la0 : je-17, je-16, je-40) / isI prakAra ke pratIka kabhI-kabhI talunoM para bhI pAye jAte haiM (draSTavya, rA0 saM0 la0 : 1 lalitavistara. saMpA : esa lephmana. 1902. hAle. pR 105-06. 2 jozI (ena pI). yUja oNpha Aspizasa simbalsa ina da kuSANa pArTa eTa mathurA. DaoN. mirAzI phelisiTezana vaoNlyUma. 1965. nAgapura. pR 311-17. 119

Page #200
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 je-26)| inake atirikta kuSANakAlIna tIrthaMkara pratimAnoM ke vakSa para zrIvatsa kA aMkana lokapriya thaa| gupta-kAla meM pavitra pratIkoM ke aMkana meM nimnalikhita parivartana Aye : (1) u~galiyoM ke siroM se pratIkoM ke sUkSmAMkana lupta ho gye| (2) khulI hathelI para cakra kA aMkana yadyapi kucha samaya taka calatA rahA (draSTavya, pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-1), tadapi paravartI varSoM meM yaha yA to chor3a diyA gayA (draSTavya, pu0 saM0 ma0: bI-7, citra 46) yA use vyartha samajhA gyaa| (3) ukta sthAna para, sAmudrika zAstra kI mahattvapUrNa tIna svAbhAvika rekhAoM arthAt mastiSka, hRdaya aura jIvana-rekhAoM ke aMkana kA prAdhAnya ho gyaa| maNibaMdha kI rekhAmoM kA aMkana pahale kI bhA~ti hotA rahA / (4) vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna kA aMkana pUre yuga meM hotA rahA / 'eka machalI ke donoM ora do sarpa' ke citraNa kA purAnA rUpa taba atyaMta alaMkRta ho gayA thA / kuSANakAlIna citraNa kI tulanA meM gupta-kAla meM 'zrIvatsa' kA vikAsa rekhA citra 8 meM dikhAyA gayA hai / prasaMgavaza, yaha kahanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki yaha cihna kevala mathurA se prApta guptakAlIna tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke vakSa para hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| anya sthAnoM meM isakA lagabhaga abhAva hI hai| chatra aura lAMchana kA prabhAva isa lekha ko samApta karane se pahale, kUcha vastuoM ke abhAva para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| inameM prathama sthAna chatra kA hai| jo bhI guptakAlIna tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ isa samaya upalabdha haiM, unake sira para chatra nahIM hai| chatra-traya aura chatrAvalI ke citraNa kA calana Age calakara huaa| yahI bAta lAMchanoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI sahI hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM pratyeka kA eka pAraMparika cihna hotA hai jise saMbaMdhita tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ lagabhaga eka-sI pratIta hotI haiM, kadAcit isa kAraNa yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA ki unameM bheda kara pAne ke lie pratyeka kA eka cihna nirdhArita kiyA jAye / yaha koI bahuta purAnI paripATI pratIta nahIM hotii| mathurA se 1 hindI meM isa zabda ke sthAna para cinha zabda kA prayoga adhika hai. lAMchana ne aba dUsarA hI artha grahaNa kara liyA hai. 120

Page #201
adhyAya 1011 mathurA rekhAcitra 8. zrIvatsa cinha-1-3, kuSANakAlIna (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-16, je-36, je-17); 4-6, gupta kAlIna (rA0 saM0 la0 : je-118; pu0 saM0 ma0 : bI-6, bI-7) prApta kuSANa aura gupta-kAlIna kisI bhI mUrti para hameM lAMchana dekhane ko nahIM milatA / vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI pahacAna ke lie tatkAlIna mUrtiyoM meM abhilekha, keza-zailI tathA unake sevaka jaise sAdhana hI upalabdha haiN| isI prakAra caumukhI yA sarvatobhadrikA aura caubIsI yA caturvizatikA jaisI-tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ mathurA meM gupta-kAla meM lagabhaga nahIM ke samAna pAyI gayI haiN| yahI sthiti mAnastaMbhoM kI hai| DaoN. nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI 121

Page #202
vAstu smAraka vicArAdhIna avadhi meM pUrvI bhArata meM jaina vAstu smArakoM aura mUrtiyoM ke bahuta kama avazeSa prApta hue haiM / yaha saMbhava hai ki brAhmaNa dharma aura bauddha dharma ke punarutthAna ke kAraNa isa pradeza se jaina dharma tirohita ho gayA ho isa bAta ke nizcita pramANa haiM ki isa avadhi meM aura isake kucha samaya uparAMta jaina pratiSThAna anya logoM ke svAmitva meM cale gaye / udAharaNa ke lie, rAjagira sthita sonabhaNDAra guphAoM para vaiSNavoM ne adhikAra kara liyA thaa| isI prakAra kucha samaya uparAMta bATavIM zatAbdI meM, pahAr3apura sthita jaina vihAra ko dharmapAla ne bauddha bihAra ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra ke parivartanoM kA prabhAva jaina kalA ke avazeSoM kI saMkhyA para bhI usa bhUmi meM par3A hogA, jisane jainadharma ko pAlane - posane kA gaurava prApta kiyA hai| 4 isa avadhi kI jaina sAhityika paraMparA meM vibhinna prakAra ke bhavanoM aura kalA-pratIkoM kA adbhuta varNana milatA hai, jisameM vimAnoM, toraNoM, staMbhoM, DAToM, rAjamahaloM udyAnoM, sabhA-bhavanoM, krIr3AMganoM, vIthikAoM Adi ke vivaraNoM ke sAtha dhArmika aura nAgara sthApatya kA bhI samAveza hai / adhyAya 11 pUrva bhArata 1 tulanIya kuraizI (ema eSa) tathA poSa (e). rAjagira saM 4. 1956 dillI 24. pR 2 epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 201929-30 60. 3 yaha saMbhava hai ki isa yuga kI jaina pratimAoM ko phira se tarAzA gayA ho aura unase anya matoM ke devatAoM kI dharapala (bAMkurA) meM milatA hai jahA~ pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ena0 ke0 baMdopAdhyAya kRta bAMkurAra maMdira, jise DI0 vartI ne bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti graMtha, kalakatA, 1967 ke pU 49 para uddhRta kiyA hai| kartI yaha mata bhI vyakta karate haiM ki baMgAla meM zaiva mata kA vikAsa jaina dharma se huA, vahI pR 49. 0 mUrtiyAM banAyI gayI hoM isa prakAra kA eka udAharaNa ko viSNu kI mUrti meM parivartita kiyA gayA tulanIya ra 145/ sarasvatI (bI) ur3IsA vahI, pR 165. 4 mukharjI (esasI) heriTeja oNpha baMgAla ina rilezana TU jainijma nagna ina baMgAla vahI pu 141 / beharA 122 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti paMca pU ke esa) e noTa na jainijma ina .

Page #203
adhyAya 11] pUrva bhArata avaziSTa jaina vAstu-smArakoM kA rUpa-prAcurya yA viSaya-vastu kA vaividhya spaSTa hI ina varNanoM se mela nahIM khAtA / isa avadhi ke jo kucha vAstu-smAraka rAjagira meM haiM, mukhyataH ve hI hamAre adhyayana kI sAmagrI haiN| ye haiM vaibhAragiri para eka dhvasta maMdira aura isI pahAr3I kI dakSiNI DhalAna para patthara kATakara banAyI gayI do sonabhaNDAra guphAeM (donoM kA varNana nIce kiyA jA rahA hai), jo isI yuga kI mAnI jAtI haiN| __ dUsarA mahattvapUrNa jaina vAstu-smAraka pA~cavI zatAbdI meM vikhyAta thA, kintu Age calakara lupta ho gayA / usakA patA (gupta) varSa 156 (476 IsavI) ke pahAr3apura ke tAmrapatra-abhilekha se calatA hai| yaha vizAla jaina vihAra vaTa-gohAlI meM thA aura usake adhiSThAtA nigraMtha AcArya (zramaNAcArya) guhanandina the, jo kAzI ke paMcastUpa-nikAya yA navyAvakAzikA se saMbaMdhita the / Age calakara isa vihAra kA vistAra kiyA gayA aura usameM bauddhoM kA vizAla maMdira aura vihAra banA diye gaye / jo bhI ho, isa sthala para jo khudAI kI gayI hai, usase patA calA hai ki yadyapi vihAra kA vistAra kiyA gayA thA, tathApi sarvatobhadra prakAra kI racanA ke anurUpa usakI mUla rUparekhA vaisI hI banI rhii| vikAsa kI dRSTi se yaha rUparekhA vizeSa rUpa se jaina hI hai| apane caramotkarSa ke dinoM meM vaTa-gohAlI kA vihAra jaina dhArmika sAdhanA kA eka sakriya kendra thaa| jaba hvenasAMga puNDravardhana kSetra meM AyA, taba usane vahA~ eka sau deva-maMdira dekhe jahA~ vibhinna matAvalaMbI ekatra hote the| unameM nagna nigraMthoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hotI thii| rAjagira ke avazeSa rAjagira meM sonabhaNDAra nAmaka do zailotkIrNa guphAe~ haiM jinakA zilpa-kauzala saMracanAtmaka bhavanoM ke lie apekSita zilpa-kauzala se bhinna hai| ina pUrvI aura pazcimI guphAoM (citra 51 1 epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 20; 1929-30; 59 tathA paravartI. 2 zilAlekha kI chaThI aura terahavIM paMkti meM ullikhita paMca-stUpAnvaya kI sthApanA zrutAvatAra ke anusAra puNDravardhana ke ahadbalaya prAcArya dvArA kI gayI. tulanIya : choTelAla jaina kA lekha, anekAMta. 1966, agasta; 239. anvayoM ke lie aura tulanIya : deva (esa bI). hisTrI praoNpha jaina maoNnakiuma. 1956. pUnA. pR 558. 3 phagryusana (je). hisTrI praoNpha iMDiyana eNDa IsTarna prAkiTekcara. khaNDa 2. 1906. laMdana. ' 28. / mukharjI, pUrvokta, pR 149. isa prakAra kI rUparekhA saMbhavataH jaina samavasaraNa ke AdhAra para banI hogI / samavasaraNa aura unakI prAcInatA ke lie draSTavya : zAha (umAkAMta premAnaMda). sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa pR 123 tathA paravartI. isI prakAra kI rUparekhA rAjasthAna meM prosiyA aura sAdar3I meM tathA khajurAho ke cauMsaThayoginI maMdira meM dekhane ko milatI hai. phizara (ke). keja eNDa Tempalsa oNpha da jainsa. 1957. alIgaMja (eTA). 5. 4 bIla (esa). buddhisTa rikArDa sa praoNpha da vesTarna valrDa. khaNDa 2. 1906. landana. pR 195. 5 kuraizI tathA ghoSa, pUrvokta, pR 26, citra 7 ka. | kuraizI (ema eca). lisTa praoNpha aiMzyeNTa maoNnumeNTasa proTekTeDa aMDara ekTa 7 praoNpha 1904 ina da provinsa praoNpha bihAra eNDa ur3IsA. Arka yaoNlaoNjakala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, nyU iMpIriyala sIrIja.51.1931. kalakattA.pa 120 tathA paravartI. citra 80-81. 123

Page #204
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 aura 52) kA kAla tIsarI yA cauthI zatI IsavI nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| kaniMghama ne pazcimI guphA kA tAdAtmya prasiddha saptaparNI guphA ke sAtha sthApita kiyA thA jahA~ prathama bauddha saMgIti Ayojita kI gayI thii| kAlAMtara meM dUsarI guphA kA patA calane para, beglara ne yaha sujhAyA ki ye donoM guphAe~ buddha aura unake ziSya AnaMda se saMbaMdhita haiN| pazcimI guphA kI bAharI bhitti para utkIrNa zilAlekha ke prakAza meM A jAne ke phalasvarUpa ina sujhAvoM ko amAnya kara denA cAhie / isa saMskRta zilAlekha meM yaha ghoSita kiyA gayA hai ki muni vaira (vajra) ne ina do guphAoM kA nirmANa sAdhuoM ke lie karavAyA thA aura unameM arhatoM kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThApita karavAyI thiiN| blaoNkha ne isa zilAlekha ko tIsarI yA cauthI zatI IsavI kA batAyA thaa| konova ne guphA ke nirmANa kI tithi eka zatAbdI aura pIche kara dii| zAha ne konova kA samarthana kiyA aura zilAlekha meM ullikhita muni vaira kI pahacAna vajra nAmaka mahAn zvetAMbara prAcArya se kI hai, jinakI mRtyu mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 584 veM varSa (57 IsavI) meM huI thii| zAha ne sarasvatI kA hI mata mAnA hai (yadyapi eka bhinna pramANa ke AdhAra para) / sarasvatI yaha mAnate haiM ki sonabhaNDAra guphA kI samAnatA nizcita rUpa se mauryakAlIna barAbara aura nAgArjunI guphAoM se hai aura usakI nirmANa-tithi ina guphAoM se bahuta paravartI nahIM ho sktii| jo bhI ho, blaoNkha dvArA sujhAyI gayI isa zilAlekha kI tithi ko kuraizI aura ghoSa ne ThIka 1 Arka yaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. ripoTsa. khaNDa 3. 1873. kalakatA. pR 140 tathA paravartI. isase pahale kaniMghama ne pippala guphA ke sAtha isakA tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA thA, (vahI, 1.1871. zimalA. pR 24). 2 kuraizI, pUrvokta, 1931, pR 121. 3 prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. enuala riporTa, 1905-6. 1909. kalakattA. pR98 para zrI blaoNkha kA abhimata. 4 vahI, pR 106. 5 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 14. zAha vajra nAma ke kevala do hI jaina prAcAryoM kA astitva svIkAra karate haiN| inameM se pahale kA ullekha 'Avazyaka niyukti' meM AyA hai aura dUsare kA 'triloka-prajJapti' meM / zAha ke anusAra, inameM se prathama kA ullekha sonabhaNDAra zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai. isa pahacAna meM kAlakrama saMbaMdhI jo asaMgati hai usake viSaya meM zAha kA mata yaha hai ki yaha zilAlekha hI saMbhavata: maraNoparAMta utkIrNa kiyA gayA ho. ve ukta do prAcAryoM ke atirikta vaira nAmaka kisI anya vyakti kA astitva svIkAra nahIM karate kyoMki unakA kathana hai ki yadi aisA hotA to anya vyakti kA nAma vibhinna sthavirAvaliyoM meM ullikhita hue binA nahIM rahatA'. draSTavya : zAha (umAkAMta premAnaMda): jarnala praoNpha bihAra risarca sosAyaTI. 39; 1953; 410-12. [DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina ne eka vyaktigata patra meM likhA hai--'vairadeva nAma ke eka digaMbara sAdhu kA ullekha karnATaka ke cauthI zatI IsavI kI lagabhaga madhyAvadhi ke eka lekha meM AyA to hai (epigrAphiyA karnATikA. 10; 19053B 73 - saMpAdaka] 6 [pAThavAM adhyAya bhI draSTavya--saMpA.] guphAoM kI sAdagI meM saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu yaha tathya mahattva pUrNa hai ki ye sonabhaNDAra guphAeM udayagiri (vidizA) kI guphAoM se itanI samAna haiM ki ve bhI pUrNa rUpa se zai lotkIrNa nahIM haiM. sonabhaNDAra guphAoM ke bAharI bhAga para bane hue koTara yaha saMketa dete haiM ki inameM prAraMbha se 124

Page #205
adhyAya 11] pUrva bhArata (ka) rAjagira - sonabhaNDAra, pazcimI guphA, bAharI bhAga Saamaa (kha) rAjagira - sonabhaNDAra, pUrvI guphA, dakSiNI bhitti para tIrthaMkaroM kI utkIrNa mUrtiyA~ citra 51 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #206
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 rAjagira sonabhaNDAra, pazcimI guphA, prantaH bhAga pharza para caumukhI, paravartI citra 52 [ bhAga 3

Page #207
adhyAya 11 ] pUrva bhArata rAjagira - vaibhAra parvata ke mandira meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha citra 53 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #208
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 (ka) causA - tIrthakara candraprabha, kAMsya mUti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) (kha) causA -tIkarthara candraprabha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) citra 54 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #209
adhyAya 11 ] pUrva bhArata (ka) causA- tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) (kha) causA -- tIrthakAra pArzvanAtha, kA~sya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) citra 55

Page #210
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 causA- tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (paTanA saMgrahAlaya) citra 56

Page #211
adhyAya 11] pUrva bhArata mAnA hai| isa zilAlekha kI lipi aura pUrvI guphA kI dakSiNI bhitti para utkIrNa jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI chaha pratimAoM se bhI isa tithi kI puSTi hotI hai| pazcimI sonabhaNDAra guphA ke zilAlekha ke nikaTa hI eka tIrthakara-pratimA ke nicale Adhe bhAga kI kSINa rUparekhA dRSTigocara hotI hai| guphA ke bhItara eka aura zilpAMkana kI rUparekhA hai jisameM eka dhyAnastha tIrthakara aura unake sAtha hI caurI liye hae kalAtmaka nArI-mUrti aMkita kI gayI hai| guphAoM ke ye vivaraNa zilAlekha meM varNita vivaraNoM se milate haiN| vaibhAragiri kA saMbaMdha digaMbara jaina AmnAya se rahA hai, isa bAta kI puSTi hvenasAMga ne bhI kI hai| usane likhA hai ki pi-pu-lo (vaibhAra) parvata para rahanevAle digaMbara 'sUrya ke samAna avirAma tapa-sAdhanA karate the / ' isa prakAra zvetAMbara-muni vajra saMbaMdhI pramANa zaMkAspada pratIta hotA hai| tIsarI-cauthI zatI IsavI ke zilAlekha meM jina muni vajra kA ullekha hai ve vahI zvetAMbara muni vajra nahIM ho sakate jinakI mRtyu 57 IsavI meM huI thii| zilAlekha aura tIrthaMkara-zilpAMkanoM kI saMgati donoM sonabhaNDAra guphAoM se baiThAne ke lie, jabataka aura adhika tathya prakAza meM nahIM Ate, tabataka pUrvokta tithi hI mAnya honI caahie| ina guphAoM kI sthApatya zailI ke viSaya meM koI vizeSa ullekhanIya bAta nahIM hai| pahalI, arthAt pazcimI guphA kA mApa 10.345.2 mITara, pravezadvAra lagabhaga 241 mITara, aura eka gavAkSa lagabhaga 0.6x0.76 mITara hai| dvAra-staMbha DhaluvA~ haiM aura unakA nIce kI apekSA Upara kA bhAga lagabhaga 15 seMTImITara kA hai| chata kI racanA vakra hai jisakA vistAra lagabhaga 1.5 mITara hai| isameM Upara tathA pRSTha 126 meM varNita sAmAnya ubhAra kI utkIrNa tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke atirikta bhItarabAhara kahIM bhI sauMdaryAtmaka mahattva kI koI bAta nahIM hai / phira bhI, isakI bhItarI bhittiyoM, dvAra-staMbha aura sAmane kI bhitti para kucha purAlekha tathA anya zilAlekha haiM jo aba miTa-se gaye haiN| pazcimI guphA kI nikaTavartI pUrvI guphA nicale stara para sthita hai aura usakI samakAlIna hai|4 jaba kaniMghama ne dekhA thA taba usakA bhItarI bhAga usakI girI huI chata ke malabe se bharA huA thaa| yaha guphA AyatAkAra hai aura pazcimI guphA se choTI hai / isake upara IMToM kA eka bhavana banA huA hI kASThanirmita kisI atirikta vastu kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA. pUrvI guphA ke sAmane ITa kI eka atirikta nimiti tathA eka barAmadA bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai. ye vizeSatAeM udayagiri kI guptakAlIna guphAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiM. tulanIya : prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. riporTasa. sapA : kaniMghama. khaNDa 10. 1880. kalakattA. pR 86. 1 kuraizI, pUrvokta, 1931, pR 122. 2 bIla, pUrvokta, khaNDa 2, pR 158. 3 kuraizI, pUrvokta, 1931, pR 121-22./ kuraizI tathA ghoSa, pUrvokta, pR 24-26. 4 muni vaira ke zilAlekha meM do guphAoM kA ullekha hai. 5 kaniMghama, pUrvokta, 1871, pR 25. 125

Page #212
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I. [bhAga 3 thaa| isa UparI tala para jAne ke lie caTTAna ko kATakara aniyamita AkAra kI sIr3hiyA~ banAyI gayI thiiN| isake gire hae UparI bhavana ke malabe meM se eka garuDAsana-viSNa kI pratimA milI thI, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki Age calakara isakA upayoga vaiSNavoM dvArA kiyA jAne lagA thaa| guphA ke bhItara dakSiNI bhitti para chaha choTI tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ zilpAMkita haiN| donoM hI guphAoM ke bAhara chatayukta barAmadA thA jisakA saMketa pazcimI guphA kI bAharI bhitti para zahatIra ke lie bane chidroM aura pUrvI guphA ke sAmane ke cabUtare yA A~gana se milatA hai, jisakI IMTeM Aja bhI dikhAI detI haiN| vaibhAragiri ke dhvasta maMdira meM eka kendrIya kakSa hai jisakA mukha pUrva kI ora hai| isake cAroM ora A~gana hai jisake sAmane sabhI ora paMktibaddha koThariyA~ haiN| mukhya bhavana kI pUrvI bhitti ke pAsa tathA unake kucha nicale stara para eka aura kakSa hai jisake uttara meM sIr3hiyA~ haiN| isa kakSa meM bhI kucha tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ haiM jinheM isa yuga kI mAnA jA sakatA hai / mUrtikalA : prastara-mUrtiyA~ pUrvI kSetra ne hameM isa yuga kI prastara aura dhAtu-nirmita kucha pratimAe~ tathA mRNamUrtiyA~ virAsata meM dI haiN| prastara-pratimAe~ mukhyataH rAjagira se prApta huI haiM, jaba ki causA (jilA bhojapura) se dhAtu kI solaha pratimAe~ milI haiM, jinameM se chaha isI saMdarbhita kAla kI haiM / kumarAhAra aura vaizAlI se harinaigameSa kI kucha mRNmUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM jo zailI aura kalA-kauzala kI dRSTi se yahI darzAtI haiM ki prAcIna kuSANakAlIna paddhati isa yuga meM bhI jArI rhii| isa yuga kI do aura pratimAoM kI sUcanA prApta 1 kuraizI aura ghoSa, pUrvokta, pR26. 2 vahI, pR 26, [isa maMdira kI tithi ke lie adhyAya 15 dekhie.-saMpAdaka] 3 Arka yaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. enuala riporTa, 1925-26. 1928. kalakatA. pR 125-26 meM rAmaprasAda caMdA kA mata. 4 vahI. 5 paTanA myujiyama. kaiTelaoNga praoNpha eNTikviTIja. saMpA : paramezvarIlAla gupta. 1965. paTanA. pR 116-17. / prasAda (eca ke). jaina bronjeja ina da paTanA myujiyama. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubilI vaoNlyUma. 1. 1968. bambaI. pR275-83. 6 altekara (ananta sadAziva) tathA mizra (vijayakAnta). riporTa maoNna kumarAhAra eksakevezansa, 1951-55. 1959. paTanA. pR 109-11. 7 kRSNadeva tathA mizra (vijayakAnta). vaizAlI eksakevezana, 1950. 1961. vaizAlI. pa51./ sinhA (bI pI). tathA rAya (sItArAma). vaizAlI eksakevezansa, 1958-62. 1961. paTanA. Y 162-63. 126

Page #213
adhyAya 11] pUrva bhArata huI hai ; eka pahAr3apura ke khaNDaharoM se tathA dUsarI mainAmatI se| ye donoM hI sthAna aba bAMglAdeza meM haiN| inakI prApti se pUrvI bhArata meM isI avadhi ke jaina kalAvazeSoM kA eka saMgraha pUrNa ho jAtA hai, inake atirikta, rAjagira ke maniyAra maTha se bhI kucha nAgI mUrtiyA~ milane kI sUcanA prApta huI hai| yadyapi jaina sRSTividyA meM nAgoM ko vyantara-loka ke kinnaroM kI koTi meM rakhA jAtA hai, parantu maniyAra maTha se prApta sAkSya se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina vastuoM kA jainoM se saMbaMdha nahIM hai| isake viparIta yaha saMketa milatA hai ki rAjagaha meM eka prakAra kA sarvadeva-maMdira thA, jisameM aise nAga devatA pratiSThita the jinheM AsapAsa ke kSetroM ke loga pUjate the|' laghu maNmUrtiyoM ko chor3akara jaina kalA kI anya kRtiyA~ yuga kI sauMdarya-cetanA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM tathA sarvatra pracalita gupta-kalA zailI kA aMga haiN| yadyapi unakA mUrtana pAraMparika padmAsana yA khar3agAsana-mudrA meM kiyA gayA hai, tadapi isa kAla kI tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ prAcIna paraMparA se kahIM adhika pragatizIla bana skiiN| unameM atyadhika sthUlatA nahIM raha gayI thI, isake viparIta unameM kalAkAra kA prayatna parilakSita hotA hai ki mudrA kI kaThoratA ko komala banAne ke lie AkRti kI sthUlatA ko sarala vakra aura satata sarala rekhanyukta sAmaMjasya utpanna karake dUra kiyA jAye / eka prANavAna rUpa pradAna karane kI bhAvanA sabhI pratimAoM meM dikhAI par3atI hai, yadyapi isameM saphalatA kI mAtrA bhinna-bhinna ho sakatI hai| sAmAnyataH prastara-pratimAeM kAMsya pratimAoM se kalA kI dRSTi se adhika sughar3a haiM, aura jahA~ kahIM unameM prAcInatA raha gayI hai vahA~ usakA kAraNa saMbhavataH yaha rahA hai ki kalAkAra kuSANakAlIna mathurA zailI ke prabhAva se mukta nahIM ho skaa| samagra rUpa se ye pratimAeM uttara aura madhya bhArata ke anya kSetroM kI isI prakAra kI kalAkRtiyoM ke sadRza haiN| 1 epigrAphiyA iNDikA, pUrvokta./ zAha, pUrvokta, pR 15. yaha pratimA kamala para khaDgAsanasthAtIrthakara kI hai, jisake donoM ora yakSa ( ? zrAvaka) kI AkRti banI huI hai / tulanIya : anekAMta; 1956, agasta ; 236. 2 rAmacandrana (TI ena). rIsenTa AyaoNlaoNjikala DiskavarIja aloMga da mainAmATI eNDa lAlamAI reMjeja, TipperA DisTrikTa, IsTa baMgAla. bI0 sI0 laoN vaoNlyUma. saMpA : DI Ara bhaMDArakara ityAdi. khaNDa 2. 1946. pUnA. pR 218-19. 3 blAkha, pUrvokta, pR 104. kaniMghama ne jaba maniyAra maTha meM eka belanAkAra racanA kI khudAI karavAyI to vahA~ se pArzvanAtha kI eka kAyotsarga pratimA ke prApta hone kI sUcanA dI. (kuraizI, pUrvokta, 1931, pR 132.) kintu blAkha ko aisI aura bhI anekoM mUrtiyAM milIM aura unakA Upara diyA gayA niSkarSa yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| tathApi padamAvatI kI sabase prAcIna pratimA rAjagira se prApta hone kI sUcanA hai. Arva yAlAjikala sarve aoNpha iMNDiyA. enuala riporTa, 1930-34. khaNDa 2. 1936. dillI. pR 276, citra 68 kha./ maitI (pI ke). hisTaoNrikala sTaDIja ina da kalTa praoNpha gaoNDesa manamA. 1966. kalakattA. 4 lAkha, pUrvokta, pR 104./AyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, IsTarna sakila. enuala riporTa, 1905-6. 1907. kalakattA.pu 14-15. 127

Page #214
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 ina mUrtiyoM kI zailIgata vizeSatAe~ una zailiyoM ko pradarzita karatI haiM jo sAranAtha tathA devagar3ha meM sAkAra huIM aura jinhoMne pUrvI bhArata meM mUrti nirmANa - gatividhi ko prabhAvita kiyA / " rAjagira kI jaina kalA meM kama se kama do pRthak zailIgata varga spaSTa pahacAne jA sakate haiM / pahale varga kA pratinidhitva vaibhAragiri ke dhvasta maMdira se prApta neminAtha kI pratimA aura pUrvI sonabhaNDAra guphA kI chaha anya tIrthaMkara - zilpAkRtiyA~ karatI haiN| inameM dUsare varga kI apekSA adhika lAlitya hai| evaM zarIra racanA meM aMgoM kA pArasparika saMbaMdha adhika acchI taraha dikhAyA jA sakA hai| dUsare varga meM tIna pratimAe~" prAtI haiM jo dhvasta maMdira kI usI koTharI meM neminAtha kI pratimA ke sAtha hI prApta huI thiiN| isa varga kI pratimAnoM kI vizeSatAe~ haiM-- apekSAkRta sugaThita dhar3a, staMbha - jaise paira, aura nAbhi ke nIce suspaSTa mAMsa-piNDa jisake nIce eka gaharI utkIrNa rekhA hai jo prakRti ko spaSTa kATatI hai / yahI bAta gardana meM bhI dekhane ko milatI hai| donoM hI vargoM kI tIrthaMkara - pratimAnoM ke hAthoM kA aMkana bhI isa dRSTi se prasaMgata hai ki sAmane kI bhujAe~ pArzva hAthoM se jor3I gayI haiM / sAtha hI, donoM vargoM meM staMbha-jaise paira haiM tathA TA~goM ke aMkana meM zIghratA se kAma liyA gayA hai / isa prakAra ye pratimAe~ eka nayI zailI kI sUcanA detI haiM jo usa samaya apanA sthAna banAtI jA rahI thii| mizrita aMkana ke atirikta ina pratimAnoM para tIrthaMkaroM ke ve paricaya- cihna bhI aMkita haiM jo pratimA-vijJAna meM svIkAra kiye jA rahe the tathA jinase vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI pahacAna karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai / vicArAdhIna avadhi kI jo prAcInatama pratimA abhI taka pUrvI bhArata se prApta huI hai vaha hai rAjagira kI vaibhAra pahAr3I (citra 53 ) ke dhvasta maMdira se prApta bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI pratimA 14 kAle patthara kI isa pratimA (76468 se0 mI0 ) para eka aspaSTa zilAlekha pAyA gayA hai jisameM ( mahArAjAdhirAja ) zrI caMdragupta dvitIya (vikramAditya) ke nAma kA ullekha hai / isa tIrthaMkarapratimA kA zIrSa burI taraha TUTa-phUTa gayA hai anyathA yaha pratimA gupta - kalA kA eka utkRSTa namUnA hai / tIrthaMkara - mUrti ko siMhAsana para dhyAna mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai / siMhAsana ke aMtima siroM para ugra siMhoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai aura eka aNDAkAra are yukta cakra kI paridhi meM eka rAjapuruSa ko khar3A huA dikhAyA gayA hai / usake donoM ora do kezahIna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ dhyAna-mudrA meM utkIrNa haiM / 1 tulanIya : vInara ( zIlA ela ). phaoNma guptA Tu pAla skalpacara. ATibasa eziyAI. 25; 1962; 167 tathA paravartI. 2 brUna (klaoNsa ). jina imejeja oNoNpha devagar3ha. 1969. lIDana. pR 115-16, 222-24. citra 76. apanI vargIkaraNa paddhati meM, brUna ne ina pratimAoM meM se eka ko beDaula varga (kalA-pratIka 1 ) ke aMtargata rakhA hai aura use prAraMbhika madhyayuga kI batAyA hai. 3 isa vizeSatA ke kAraNa ina pratimAoM kI tulanA pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kI sAranAtha zailI kI anya pratimAtra se bhalIbhA~ti kI jA sakatI hai. tulanIya vInara, pUrvokta, pR 168. : caMdA, pUrvokta, pR 125-26. 4 128

Page #215
adhyAya 11 ] pUrva bhArata cakra kI paridhi meM aMkita rAjapuruSa kI pahacAna caMdA ne ariSTanemi (yuvA rAjakumAra neminAtha) ke rUpa meM kI thI kintu zAha ke anusAra yaha AkRti cakrapUruSa kI hai| . zailI kI dRSTi se isa pratimA kI samakAlIna chaha anya tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ haiM jo pUrvI sonabhaNDAra guphA ke bhItara kI dakSiNI bhitti para utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| ina chaha zilpAMkanoM meM se pA~ca guphA ke pravezadvAra (citra 51 kha) ke eka ora haiM aura chaThI dUsarI ora akelI hI hai| zilAphalaka para pahalI pA~ca pratimAe~ eka paMkti meM utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| inameM se pahalI do chaThe tIrthakara padamaprabha kI hai| tIsarI teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aura aMtima do mahAvIra kI haiN| yaha saMpUrNa racanA mukhya rUpa se isa tathya ko pradarzita karatI hai ki Amoda-pramoda kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM krIr3Arata anucaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke pArzva meM aMkita tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke gatihIna evaM ruDhibaddha citraNa meM kitanA virodhAbhAsa hai| saMpUrNa racanA saMtulita rUpa se kI gayI hai| vibhinna tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke lie ucita DhaMga se caukhaTA banAyA gayA hai| ve saba milakara eka vistRta phalaka para citra-vallarI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiN| isa phalaka kI samarUpatA kevala una do choTe-choTe kamaloM ke kAraNa bigar3atI hai jo padmaprabha kI prathama do mUrtiyoM ke nIce banAye gaye haiM kintu racanA ke saMpUrNa kalA-kauzala para isakA koI pratikUla prabhAva nahIM par3atA / jahA~ taka gauNa vivaraNoM kA prazna hai, ina zilpAMkanoM kI prastUtIkaraNa-yojanA lagabhaga eka jaisI hI hai| bheda kevala vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke paricaya-cihnoM ke aMkana meM hI dikhAI par3atA hai| isa prakAra tIrthakara-pratimAeM yA to padmAsana mudrA meM haiM yA khar3agAsana meM, kintu ina sabhI ke sAtha Upara se nIce taka ke staroM meM aMkita haiM ye - (ka) donoM ora havA meM jhalatI haI prAkRtiyA~ jinake hAthoM meM yA to mAlAe~ haiM yA ve bhaktibhAva se kevala hAtha jor3e hue haiM; (kha) donoM ora khar3e hue sevaka, jo caurI liye hue haiM; (ga) donoM ora dhyAna-mudrA meM AsIna eka-eka tiirthNkr-prtimaa| nIce devakulikAoM meM utkIrNa tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM ke pAdapITha para kucha aura vivaraNa bhI haiN| padmaprabha ke zilpAMkanoM ke sAtha kamala utkIrNa haiM tathA pArzvanAtha ke sAtha viparIta dizAoM kI ora mukha kiye hue do aise hAthI aMkita haiM, jo kalAtmaka rUpa se utkIrNa cakra ke dvArA eka-dUsare se alaga dikhAye gaye haiN| jabaki isI prakAra ke cakra ke pArzva meM mahAvIra ke sAtha siMhoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / pravezadvAra kI dUsarI ora kA ekamAtra zilpAMkana AkAra meM bar3A hai, kintu burI taraha khaNDita ho cakA hai| kintu usameM bhI zailI kI vahI vizadatA hai, jo anya mUrtiyoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| usa para kucha aura adhika vivaraNa haiM - jaise ki bhAmaNDala ke Upara eka kalpa-vRkSa utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai aura Asana para eka suvistIrNa Astaraka hai| vRkSa para azoka-puSpa aura pattiyoM ke spaSTa gucche haiN| 1 zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR 14. 2 kuraizI tathA ghoSa, pUrvokta, pR 26, citra 7 kha. 129

Page #216
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 isake viparIta upayukta (pR 126) vaibhAra pahAr3I para neminAtha kI pratimAvAlI koTharI meM khar3agAsana-mudrA meM, jo tIna jina-mUrtiyA~ haiM, ve kisI anya kalA-paraMparA kI mAlUma par3atI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA para kamala ke AsapAsa zaMkhoM kA citraNa hai, jo isakA neminAtha kI mUrti honA sUcita karatA hai| dUsarI pratimA bhI yadyapi pahalI se kucha choTI hai aura usapara atirikta vivaraNa itane spaSTa nahIM haiM phira bhI vaha pahalI se milatI-julatI hI hai| ye do pratimAe~ aNDAkAra muMha, suvyavasthita cuMgharAle keza, kAyotsarga-mudrA aura apanI pUrI golAI meM bhalIbhAMti alaMkRta bhAmaNDala kA prArUpa prastuta karatI haiN| ina pratimAoM kA parikara tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora camara tathA mAlAdhArI AkRtiyoM se yukta hai| isa varga kI tIsarI pratimA sabase choTI aura sAdhAraNa hai / isameM tIna paratoM vAle ulaTe kamala-chatra ke nIce tIrthakara ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai aura unake sAtha haiM caurI-vAhaka / yaha pratimA kSINa ho gayI hai aura usake sUkSma vivaraNa lupta ho gaye haiM / isI varga aura zailI kI eka aura pratimA isa samaya paTanA sthita gopIkRSNa kanoDiyA saMgraha meM hai| yaha mUrti pArzvanAtha kI hai aura jahA~ taka parikara ke vivaraNoM kA prazna hai, isakI zailI vizeSa rUpa se guptakAlIna hai| phira bhI, cehare kA aMkana zeSa AkRti se zailI meM bhinna hai| ho sakatA hai ki kAlAMtara meM isa pratimA ko phira se kATA-chA~TA gayA ho, jisake kAraNa yaha aMtara pA gayA hai| kAMsya mUrtiyAM ukta pratimAoM ke pazcAt causA se prApta dhAtu kI chaha pratimAe~ AtI haiM, jo aba paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM haiN| ye sahaja prAkarSaNa aura abhivyakti kI upayuktatA darzAtI haiN| eka varga ke rUpa meM yaha pazcima bhArata meM prApta mUrtiyoM se bhinna haiN| inameM se do (citra 54) AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI haiM jaisA ki unake paricaya-cihna (ardha candra) se spaSTa hai, jo zirazcakra ke Upara madhya meM dikhAyA gayA hai| anya do pratimAe~ (citra 55 ka aura 56) prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI haiM, jinakI pahacAna unake kaMdhoM taka Aye bAloM ke kAraNa ho sakI hai| zeSa do (eka kA citra diyA gayA hai, citra 55 kha) kSINa ho jAne aura isa kAraNa vivaraNoM kA patA nahIM laga pAne se pahacAnI nahIM jA sakI haiN| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko pAdapITha para dhyAna-mudrA meM pAsIna aMkita kiyA gayA hai aura sabhI ke vakSa ke madhya meM zrIvatsa-cihna tathA pIche kI ora zirazcakra hai / jisa mUrti kA zirazcakra aba lupta ho gayA hai, usake pIche kI cUla se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ pahale zirazcakra thaa| RSabhadeva kI pratimAe~ 1 ye pratimAeM sAmAnyataH gupta-kAla kI batAyI jAtI haiM / tulanIya : caMdA, pUrvokta, pR 126./ kuraizI tathA ghoSa, pUrvokta, pR 26. / zAha, pUrvokta, pR 14./brUna (pUrvokta pR 222-23) inameM se eka ko madhyakAlIna mUrtiyoM ke varga meM rakhate haiN| caur3A banAyA huA ghar3a, tIkhe saMdhisthala aura eka sthiti se dUsarI sthiti taka kama sUkSma parivartana yaha sUcita karate haiM ki ina pratimAnoM meM kisI sImA taka una zailIgata vizeSatAoM ke pAdya rUpa vidyamA na haiM, jo saMkramaNakAlIna kalA para chAye hue the| 2 pazcima bhAratIya kAMsya mUrtiyoM ke lie draSTavya : zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR 16. / adhyAya 13 bhI. 130

Page #217
adhyAya 11 ] pUrva bhArata ThIka-ThIka anupAta meM banAyI gayI haiM / unakA ceharA puSTa evaM aNDAkAra hai / karNa - piNDa lambe aura grIvA kA rekhana niyamita hai / kaMdhe se kaTi taka tathA usake nIce ke bhAga kI saMdhi kuzalatApUrvaka aMkita kI gayI hai / pratyeka bhAga spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai kintu bar3I kuzalatApUrvaka eka dUsare meM milAyA gayA hai / ina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa ye pratimAe~ candraprabha kI pratimAoM se zreSTha jAna par3atI haiM, yadyapi candraprabha ko pratimAe~ adhika alaMkRta haiM / tathApi, RSabhadeva kI hatheliyA~ anupAta kA dhyAna na rakhakara bar3I banAyI gayI haiM aura paira ke a~gUThe bAhara nikale hue haiN| bAloM ko donoM ora laTakate hue dikhAyA gayA hai tathA sira ke bIca meM bAloM kI mA~ga nikAlI gayI hai| bAloM ke gucchoM ko laharoM kI bhA~ti kaMdhe para phailA huA dikhAyA gayA hai / candraprabha kI pratimAoM meM se eka ( citra 54 ka ) ke mUrtana meM kucha bAteM aura vistAra se prAyI / tIrthaMkara ko eka aise dvi-starIya prAyatAkAra pAdapITha para dhyAna - mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai jo do alaMkRta staMbhoM ke madhya meM devakulikA jaisA pratIta hotA hai / staMbhoM ke zIrSa para asaMgata AkAra ke makara- mukha haiM, jinakI jihvAeM kuNDalI ke rUpa meM bAhara nikalI huI haiM / tIrthaMkara - zIrSa ke pIche eka ardha golAkAra zirazcakra hai, jisakI paridhi para gola kaMgUre, kamala-paMkhur3iyoM kA eka bhAmaNDala tathA sabase Upara ardhacandra hai / isa mUrti meM uSNISa, lambe karNa-piNDa aura kaMdhoM para laTakate hue bAloM kA aMkana, jaisA ki RSabhadeva kI pratimAoM meM hotA hai, eka Azcarya kI bAta hai / candraprabha kA mukha gola hai, dhar3a choTA hai aura kaMdhe tathA bhujAe~ kucha bAhara nikalI huI haiN| kaTi ke nIce kA bhAga arthAt TA~goM aura hAthoM ke ghumAva (padmAsana sthiti) kA citraNa sUkSmatA se nahIM huA hai / caMdraprabha kI dUsarI pratimA ( citra 54 kha ) pahalI se kucha choTI hai, kintu usI ke samAna hai| na pahacAnI jA sakI mUrtiyoM meM se eka ( citra 55 kha ) usake dvi-starIya pAdapITha ke vivaraNoM tathA zarIra ke nicale bhAgoM ke aMkana kI dRSTi se isI varga kI pratIta hotI hai / samagra dRSTi se ina kAMsya mUrtiyoM meM zailIgata aMtara hai, vizeSa rUpa se mukhAkRti tathA zarIra ke aMkana meM / caMdraprabha kI mUrtiyA~ RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyoM se paravartI pratIta hotI haiM / 1 mRNmUrtiyAM ukta mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM, mRNmUrtiyoM meM kalA kauzala kI kamI hai aura ve usa purAtanatA ko doharAtI pratIta hotI haiM, jo unheM virAsata meM milI thii| isa prakAra kI jo mUrtiyA~ vaizAlI 2 meM prApta 1 tulanIya zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, pR 13. zrI zAha ne kucha causA kAMsya mUrtiyoM para apanA mata vyakta kiyA hai / 2 kRSNadeva tathA mizra, pUrvokta, pU 51, citra 12 ga 7. / sinhA tathA rAya, pUrvokta, pu 162-63, citra 52, citra 1-9 / sinhA aura rAya ina mRNmUrtiyoM se saMbaMdhita vaizAlI kI cauthI avadhi ko kAlakramAnusAra lagabhaga 200 - 600 I0 mAnate haiM / 131

Page #218
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 huI haiM, unameM se lagabhaga AdhA darjana laghu mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna zizu janma ke jaina- devatA naigameSa 1 ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / inakI vizeSatAeM haiM- pazu-mukha kintu bakare ke samAna prakRti, lambe laTakate hue kAna jinameM yA to cheda kiye hue haiM yA kaTAva cihna haiM / sAdhAraNataH mu~ha kA aMkana Ter3hI nAka 2 ke nIce gahare kaTAva cihna ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / vaizAlI meM milI naigameSa kI mRNmUrtiyoM meM tIna prakAra spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM--strI, puruSa aura zizusahita yA zizurahita dampatti / ina prakAroM meM bhI strI - mUrtiyoM kI pradhAnatA hai / kuSANakAla kI aisI hI laghu mUrtiyoM meM kAnoM ke upara sIMgoM kA honA eka atirikta vizeSatA hai / kumarAhAra ke cauthe aura pA~caveM khudAI sthaloM se isa prakAra kI lagabhaga bAraha laghumUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM, jo cauthI avadhi ( lagabhaga 300-450 I0) tathA pA~cavIM avadhi (lagabhaga 450-600 I0 ) kI haiM / ve puruSa aura mahilA prakAroM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM tathA zailI meM vaizAlI se prApta kRtiyoM ke samAna haiM / ye sabhI laghu mRNmUrtiyA~ hAtha kI banI huI haiM aura unameM ahicchatra kI naigameSa mUrtiyoM jaisA manohArI AkarSaNa nahIM hai / sthUla rUpa meM hAtha se banAyI gayI, purAtana aura apariSkRta ye mUrtiyA~ kisI aisI sAMpradAyika paraMparA kI pratIta hotI haiM, jo zAstrIya sughaTyatA tathA susaMskaraNa ke dvArA rUpAMtarita nahIM ho pAyI thiiN| jo bhI ho, eka sujhAva yaha bhI diyA jAtA hai ki ho sakatA hai ki pahAr3apura mRNmUrtiyoM kI kucha prAcIna phalakoM kA usa samaya punaH samAyojana kiyA gayA ho, jaba AThavIM zatAbdI meM jaina vihAra ko eka nayA rUpa diyA gayA thA / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki pahAr3apura meM kalAzailI kA gupta kAla se madhyakAla' kI kalA - zailI ke rUpa meM rUpAMtara huA thA, kintu vartamAna meM jo kalAvastue~ upalabdha haiM, ve isa prakAra kI kisI kalA-prakriyA se jaina saMbaMdhoM kI sUcanA nahIM detIM / 1 harinaigameSa ke lie draSTavya : jarnala graoNpha di iNDiyana sosAyaTI zraoNpha oriyaNTala ArTa 29; 1952-53; 19 tathA paravartI pRSThoM meM umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha kA lekha / 2 eNzyeNTa iNDiyA 4; 1947-48; 134 meM vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA lekha. 3 kRSNadeva tathA mizra, pUrvokta, pR 51 4 agravAla, pUrvokta, pR 134-37, citra 48 ka. 5 dAsagupta ( sI sI ) . zraurijina eNDa DevalapameNTa zraoNpha kle skalpacarsa ina iNDiyA. 1961 kalakattA pR 229-34. 6 kramariza ( sTelA ) . iNDiyana skalpacarsa. laMdana. pR 216. ramAnAtha mizra 132

Page #219
adhyAya 12 madhya bhArata kucha hI samaya pUrva tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna abhilekhAMkita pratimAe~ prakAza meM AyI haiM, jo madhyapradeza ke vidizA jile meM durjanapura nAmaka grAma meM prApta huI haiM aura isa samaya vidizA ke sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM abhilekha padmAsanastha dhyAna-mudrA meM tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke pAdapITha para aMkita haiN| pAdapIThoM ke donoM ora paMkhadhArI siMha tathA madhya meM dharma-cakra utkIrNa hai, jisakI paridhi kA aMkana sAmane kI ora hai| inameM se do pratimAoM (citra 57 aura 58) kI mukhAkRtiyA~ vikhaNDita ho cukI haiM, kintu unake pIche bhAmaNDala tathA pArzva meM donoM ora camaradhArI puruSa khar3e haiM / ina bhAmaNDaloM kI bAharI paridhi nakhAkAra kinArI se alaMkRta hai tathA kendra meM eka suMdara khilA huA bahudala kamala hai| tIsarI mUrti (citra 56) kA prabhAmaNDala adhikAMzataH naSTa ho gayA hai aura yaha bhI nizcita nahIM hai ki isa mUrti ke pArzva meM khar3e hue sevaka aMkita the yA nhiiN| kintu tIrthaMkara kI musakAnayukta mukhAkRti kA eka aMza mAtra zeSa hai / nAsikA, netra aura lalATa bhAga khaNDita ho cuke haiN| zIrSa ke zeSa bhAga meM kAnoM ke lambe chidrayukta piNDa dikhAI dete haiN| ina tInoM pratimAoM ke vakSasthaloM para 'zrI-vatsa'-cihna spaSTata: parilakSita haiN| pratyeka tIrthaMkara kA dhar3a eka pUrNa vikasita evaM supuSTa vakSasthala yukta hai, jo guptakAlIna mUrtikalA kI apanI vizeSatA hai / dhar3a ke donoM ora nikalI huI kohanI aura bhajAoM kI sthiti vizeSa prakAra kI hai, jo samUcI pratimA ko eka trikoNAkAra rUpa pradAna karatI hai, jisameM sira trikoNa kA zIrSabhAga aura donoM bhujAe~ trikoNa kI do bhujAoM kA rUpa grahaNa karatI pratIta hotI haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa kAla meM aura kama se kama jaina dhyAnAvasthita pratimAoM meM padmAsana-mudrA kA aMkana yogAsana kI eka Adarza mudrA ke rUpa meM mAnya rahA hogaa| ye mUrtiyA~ mAtra jaina dharma ke itihAsa tathA mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se hI nahIM apitu guptakAlIna kalA ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| citra 57 ka kI mUrti kA abhilekha (citra 57 kha) anya do pratimAoM ke abhilekhoM kI apekSA adhika surakSita hai / isa abhilekha ke anusAra mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta ne ina pratimAoM kA nirmANa tathA pratiSThA golakyAntyA ke suputra cela 1 gai (jI esa). thrI iMskripzansa oNpha rAmagupta. jarnala praoNpha di moriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA. 18; 1969: 247-51 tathA epigrAphiyA iNDikA. 38; 1970; 46-49. 133

Page #220
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 kSamaNa aura unake ziSya tathA caMdra-kSamAcArya-kSamaNa-zramaNa, pANipAtrika (apanI hatheliyoM ko hI bhikSA tathA jalapAtra ke rUpa meM upayoga karanevAle) ke paTTa ziSya prAcArya sarpasena kSamaNa kI preraNA se karAyA thaa| AcArya caMdra nizcaya hI digaMbara the aura vaha saMbhavata: yApanIya saMgha se saMbaddha the, kyoMki itanA to hameM jJAta hI hai ki digaMbara bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke racayitA zivArya ne svayaM ko pANidalabhoi kahA hai, jisakA tAtparya hAtha para rakhakara bhojana karanevAle jaina sAdhu se hai / sarpasena nAgasena nAma kA hI dUsarA rUpa rahA hogA, kyoMki paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA pracalana prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI aparicita nahIM hai / rAmagupta ko yahA~ mahArAjAdhirAja kahA gayA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki vaha koI choTA-sA sAmaMta nahIM thaa| kisI rAmagupta dvArA pracAlita tAmramudrAe~ bhI hameM vidizA kSetra se prApta huI haiN| ina tInoM abhilekhoM kI purAlipi meM ullikhita mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta cauthI zatAbdI kA guptazAsaka rAmagupta hI saMbhAvita hai, jisakA ullekha vizAkhadatta ne apane devI-caMdragupta (nATaka) meM caMdragupta-dvitIya ke bar3e bhAI ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| pAdapIThoM ke kendra meM dharma-cakra kA hI aMkana hai, usake pArzva meM donoM ora hariNoM kA aMkana nahIM hai| citra 58 meM dharma-cakra kA aMkana pAdapITha ke kendra meM hai| pAdapIThoM para tIrthaMkaroM kA koI lAMchana arthAt paricaya-cihna aMkita nahIM hai| grIvA meM ekAvalI dhAraNa kiye hue anucaroM kI AkRtiyoM kA aMkana kuzalatApUrNa hai| citra 57 ka meM, do anucara eka vizeSa prakAra kA kuSANakAlIna zirobhUSaNa pahane hue haiM, jisake kendra meM cUr3AmaNi aMkita hai, jabaki citra 58 meM eka anucara tikonI TopI pahane hai, jo zakakAlIna TopiyoM se milatI-julatI hai / ye pratimAeM, jinakA racanAkAla rAmagupta ke alpa zAsanakAla ke aMtargata 370 IsavI ke lagabhaga nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, isa tathya kA nizcita sAkSya prastuta karatI haiM ki isa kAla meM tIrthaMkaroM ke vibhinna lAMchana (paricaya-cihna), jo isa kAla meM vikasita bhale hI ho gaye hoM, vicArAdhIna avadhi kI tIrthakara-pratimAoM meM koI sthAna prApta nahIM kara pAye the| vidizA ke nikaTa udayagiri kI eka guphA (guphA 20) meM gupta-saMvat 106 (kumAragupta-prathama kA zAsanakAla) kA eka zilAlekha prApta huA hai jisameM pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA ke nirmANa kA 1 dharma-cakra ke pArzva meM donoM ora hariNoM kA aMkana na to mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna jaina pratimAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai aura na candraguptakAlIna rAjagira meM sthApita neminAtha kI pratimA ke pAdapITha para (draSTavya, citra 53). pratIta hotA hai ki bauddha prabhAva ke kAraNa yaha kalA-pratIka kisI paravartI avadhi meM apanAyA gayA hai. 2 guptakAlIna abhilekhAMkita jaina mUrtiyoM ke lie draSTavya : phlITa (je epha). iMskripzansa aoNpha di arlI guptA kiMgsa korapasa iMskrizimonama iNDikArama. 3. 1888. kalakattA. pR 258 tathA paravartI. / banarjI (rAkhAladAsa). 134

Page #221
adhyAya 12 ] madhya bhArata ullekha hai, jo unake sira para bhayaMkara nAga-phaNa ke kAraNa bhaya-mizrita pUjya bhAva ko prerita karatI hai| ukta zilpAMkita mUrti aba naSTaprAya samajhI jAtI hai / jo mUrti isa samaya guphA meM sthita hai, vaha bahuta paravartI kAla kI hai / tathApi, isa zilAlekha se yaha paryApta spaSTa nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha kI pratimA isa guphA meM eka pRthak pratimA thI, kyoMki zilAlekha meM 'acIkarat' zabda kA upayoga hayA hai, jisakA artha hai 'nirmANa karavAyA gayA'; utkIrNa karane yA mUrti ko pratiSThApita karane kA bhAva isameM nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki zilAlekha meM saMdarbha AMzika rUpa se khaNDita ho cukI pArzvanAtha kI usa vartamAna pratimA kA ho jo guphA kI bhitti para utkIrNa hai (citra 60 k)|| vidizA ke nikaTa besanagara se tIrthaMkara kI eka ullekhanIya khaDgAsana-pratimA prApta huI hai jo isa samaya gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| isa pratimA meM tIrthakara ke sira ke samIpa do ur3atI huI mAlAvAhaka mAnava-prAkRtiyA~ haiM, vRttAkAra prabhAmaNDala ke keMdra meM kamala hai tathA usakI paridhi kA bAharI kinArA gulAba ke choTe-choTe phUloM se alaMkRta hai| pairoM ke samIpa do bhakta (zIrSavihIna) ardhatiSThamudrA meM aMkita haiM / tIrthaMkara kI ghuTanoM taka lambI bhujAe~, kucha-kucha golAkAra aura caur3e kaMdhe tathA dhar3a kI saMracanA se saMketa milatA hai ki isa pratimA kA racanAkAla lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha rahA hogaa| isa racanAkAla kA samarthana pratimA kA viziSTa zirobhUSaNa tathA sira ke donoM ora prabhAmaNDala ke sammukha ur3atI huI mAlAvAhaka mAnava-prAkRtiyoM (citra 61) kA aMkana bhI karatA hai| madhyapradeza ke pannA jile meM guptakAlIna zivamaMdira ke lie prasiddha nacanA nAmaka sthAna ke samIpa sIrA pahAr3I se guptakAlIna jaina pratimAoM kA eka samUha prApta huA hai, jinameM se kucha paravartIkAla kI bhI haiN| citra 62 meM tIrthaMkara padmAsana-mudrA meM aMkita haiN| unake sira ke pIche eka vistRta prabhAmaNDala hai jisake zIrSa ke nikaTa donoM ora ur3ate hue gaMdharva-yugala aMkita haiM / tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM donoM ora ca mara-dhara yakSa khar3e hue haiM jo mukuTa pahane haiM, aura jisake sAmane kA alaMkaraNa kuSANoM ke eja maoNpha di iMpIriyala guptAja. 1933. banArasa. pR 104, 106, 108, 129 tathA citra 18./ zAha (umAkAMta premAnanda). sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa. 1955. banArasa. pR 14-15. | jaina (hIrAlAla). bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina-dharma kA yogadAna. 1962. bhopAla. Y 391./ phizara (klausa). kevja eDa Tempalsa oNpha da jainsa. 1956. alIgaMja. pR 6 tathA citra. 2 zAha, pUrvokta, citra 24; pUrvavartI gvAliyara rAjya ke AyaoNlaoNjI vibhAga kA negeTiva saM. 786. ye negeTiva isa samaya madhya pradeza ke purAtattva vibhAga ke adhikAra meM haiM aura saMbhavataH gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| 3 vikrama-smRti-graMtha. 1944-55 (vi. saM. 2000). gvAliyara. pR. 703 ke sAmane kA citra. 4 ina pratimAoM kA vivecana nIraja jaina ne do citroM sahita anekAMta, dillI. 15, 193 222-23 para kiyA hai. ye pratimAeM nacanA ke brAhmaNya maMdiroM ke nikaTa jalAzaya ke samIpa pahAr3I kI do guphAoM meM leTI huI avasthA meM pAyI gayI batAyI jAtI haiM / maine yahA~ mAtra unhIM pratimAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, jinake chAyA-citra bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, uttarI kSetra, AgarA se prApta ho sake haiM. 135

Page #222
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 vizeSa zirobhUSaNa ke samAna hai jisase isa prakAra ke mukuToM kA vikAsa hA hai| ina donoM yakSoM ke zarIra-vinyAsa kA aMkana, yakSoM aura gaMdharvo ke gale kA AbhUSaNa-ekAvalI, gaMdharvo kA sajIva citraNa, tathA sauMDanI, ehole Adi se unakI samAnatA ke kAraNa isa pratimA kA racanAkAla lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha athavA pA~cavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha pratIta hotA hai jo gupta-zAsana kA prAraMbhika kAla thaa| mukuTa para isI prakAra ke kalA-pratIka kA aMkana udayagiri kI eka guphA ke vikhyAta varAha-phalaka para aMkita nAga tathA do yA tIna khar3I huI choTI prAkRtiyoM ke zirobhUSaNoM meM pAyA gayA hai| tIrthakaroM ke zIrSa tathA zarIra ke aMkana kI mathurA kI lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI kI pratimAoM se samAnatA bhI tithi kI puSTi karatI hai| pAdapITha ke madhya meM dharma-cakra aura usake donoM ora do choTe-choTe siMha aMkita kiye gaye haiN| isI sthAna se prApta, Age varNita RSabhanAtha kI khar3agAsana pratimA ke pAdapITha kI sAdRzyatA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki tIrthaMkara kI yaha padmAsana mUti mahAvIra kI hai jisa para unakA paricaya-cihna siMha aMkita hai|' sIrA pahAr3I se prApta RSabhanAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimA (citra 63) ke pAdapITha para dharmacakra tathA usake donoM ora do bhakta aMkita haiN| punIta cakra kI paridhi ko sAmane kI ora se usI prakAra aMkita kiyA gayA hai, jaise matharA kI kuSANakAlIna pratimAoM ke pAdapITha para / sAtha hI, isa pratimA ke pAdapITha ke donoM siroM para viziSTa bhAratIya vRSabha aMkita hai, jo RSabhanAtha kA paricayacihna hai| paravartI jaina mUrtiyoM meM siMha ko pAdapITha ke donoM pAzvaryoM meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai, jo siMhAsana kA sUcaka hai, jabaki bauddha mUrtiyoM ke samAna dharma-cakra ke pArzva meM donoM ora do hariNoM kA aMkana hai| kintu isa pratimA meM vRSabha-cihna to isI prakAra darzAyA gayA hai, kintu dharma-cakra ke pArzva meM hariNa aMkita nahIM haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki yaha pratimA usa prAraMbhika kAla kI hai, jaba pratimAoM meM paricaya-cihnoM ke aMkana kA prAraMbha hI huA thA aura jaba tIrthaMkaroM ke paricaya hetu cihnoM kI paripATI pUrNarUpeNa nirdhArita nahIM ho pAyI thI / isa sAdRzyatA ke AdhAra para citra 62 meM darzAyI gayI tIrthaMkarapratimA ko mahAvIra kI pratimA mAnA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM mUrtiyoM kI zailI zAstrIya gupta-zailI ke viziSTa kuSANa-prakAroM se palAyana kI sUcaka hai| kintu mahAvIra kI pratimA eka suMdara kalAkRti hai, jisameM vizeSa rUpa se mukhAkRti kA aMkana atyaMta utkRSTatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / isI sthAna se upalabdha aura isI kAla kI, saMbhavataH isase 1 mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta kuSANakAlIna jaina pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana (paricaya-cihna) nahIM pAye gaye haiN| rAjagira kI guptakAlIna jaina pratimAoM meM lAMchana to pAye gaye haiM, kintu inakI sthiti pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM bhI pUrNa rUpa se nirdhArita nahIM ho pAyI thii| udAharaNa ke lie, rAjagira kI vaibhAra pahAr3I para sthita neminAtha kI pratimA ke viSaya meM draSTavyaH prAyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. enuala riporTa, 1925-26. saMpA. rAmaprasAda caMdA, 1928. kalakattA. Y 125 tathA paravartI. / zAha, pUrvokta, pR 14, citra 18 [aura draSTavyaH isa graMtha meM citra 53 -- saMpAdaka] isa pratimA ke pAdapITha ke kendra meM dharma-cakra ke donoM ora do zaMkha aMkita haiN| zaMkha neminAtha kA paricaya-cihna hai| 136

Page #223
adhyAya 12 ] r (ka) durjanapura - tIrthaMkara mUrti (viditA saMgrahAlaya) bu 7 (kha) durjanapura :- Upara vAlI mUrti ke pAdapITha para abhilekha citra 57 madhya bhArata

Page #224
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 durjanapura - tIrthakara mUrti (vidizA saMgrahAlaya) citra 58 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #225
adhyAya 12 ] madhya bhArata durjanapura - tIrthaMkara mUti (vidizA saMgrahAlaya) citra 59 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #226
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 (ka) udayagiri - guphA bhitti para utkIrNa tIrthaMkara tathA unake pArzva meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka pazcAtkAlIna pratimA (kha) gvAliyara - zailotkIrNa tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ citra 60 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #227
adhyAya 12 ] madhya bhArata vidizA -- tIrthaMkara mUrti (gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya) citra 61

Page #228
vAstu-smAraka eva mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 sIrA pahAr3I - tIrthakara mahAvIra citra 62 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #229
adhyAya 12 ] sIrA pahAr3I tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha citra 63 madhya bhArata

Page #230
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 sIrA pahAr3I - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha citra 64 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #231
adhyAya 12 ] madhya bhArata kucha pahale kI, eka anya kAyotsarga pratimA hai pArzvanArtha kii| vastra-vinyAsarahita isa pratimA meM tIrthakara kI saMpUrNa prAkRti ke pIche kuNDalI mAre hue eka vizAla nAga ko darzAyA gayA hai, jisane tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa para apane phaNa se eka chatra banAyA huA hai (citra 64) / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gupta-kAla meM nacanA ke brAhmaNa dharma-keMdra ke nikaTa hI sIrA pahAr3I para jaina dharma kA keMdra thaa| isa kSetra kA yadi punaH utkhanana kiyA jAye to aura adhika jaina avazeSa, mAtra isI sthAna se hI nahIM apitu isake samIpavartI kSetroM se bhI, upalabdha ho sakate haiN| kucha hI samaya pUrva jonA viliyamsa dvArA gupta-kAlIna do suMdara tIrthakara-pratimAoM ko prakAza meM lAyA gayA hai, jo isa samaya madhyapradeza ke pannA sthita rAjendra udyAna meM surakSita haiN| batAyA gayA hai ki ye pratimAe~ nacanA se upalabdha huI haiN| viliyamsa dvArA prastuta pahale citra meM tIrthaMkara ko pAdapITha sthita Asana para padmAsana-mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha ke keMdra meM mukhadRzyAMkita dharma-cakra aura usake pArzva meM donoM kinAroM ke nikaTa siMha aMkita haiM / dharma-cakra ke pratyeka chora para ghaTanoM ke bala baiThA hA eka bhakta hai, jo saMbhavataH tIrthakara kA gaNadhara (prathama anuyAyI) yA phira koI sAdha hai| dUsarI pratimA meM pAdapITha ke mukhabhAga para cAra bhakta aMkita haiM / pratimA kI mukhAkRti aura sira pUrNarUpeNa surakSita hai tathA kaMdhe aura dhar3a kI saMracanA meM utkRSTa gupta-kalA-paraMparA kA nirvAha huA hai| jahA~ taka mukhAkRti kI bhAvAbhivyakti kA saMbaMdha hai, ise gupta-kAlIna zreSTha tIrthaMkara-mRtiyoM kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi yaha pratimA viliyamsa ke prathama citra kI pratimA se kucha samaya pazcAt kI hai| yahA~ viliyamsa ne yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki ina tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM aura sAranAtha kI prasiddha buddha-pratimA meM samAnatA hai| __ mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI pratimA kramAMka bI-62 ityAdi, nacanA, sIrA pahAr3I se prApta tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~, udayagiri kI guphA sthita pArzvanAtha kI khaMDita pratimA tathA vidizA se prApta rAmagupta kI zAsanakAlIna tIna pratimAoM se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki gupta-kAla meM tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM ke kaI nirmANa-keMdra rahe hoMge / vidizA se prApta mUrtiyA~ nissaMdeha bhArI-bharakama tathA adhika mAMsala haiN| yaha asaMbhava nahIM ki jhA~sI jile ke devagar3ha kile meM jaina bastI kA prAraMbha prAyaH devagar3ha sthita gupta-kAlIna prasiddha dazAvatAra maMdira ke samakAlIna ho / devagar3ha kI tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana meM klausa brana ne jina do mUrtiyoM ke citra (unakA rekhAcitra 20, anukRti 8 tathA rekhAcitra 21, anukRti hai)3 prakAzita kiye haiM, unake viSaya meM viliyamsa ne yaha saMdeha vyakta kiyA hai ki ve matharA pratimA 1 viliyamsa (jonA). TU nyU guptA jina imejeja. aoriyaNTala pArTa. 18,43 1972; 378-80. 2 [ draSTavya, adhyAya 10-saMpAdaka ] 3 brUna (klausa). jina imejeja praoNpha devagar3ha. 1969 . lIDana. 137

Page #232
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 samUha kI zrAdya guptakAlIna pratimAe~ haiM / mathurA zailI se unakI sAdRzyatA spaSTa parilakSita hai, kintu jahA~ brUna ke rekhAcitra 20 ( anukRti 8 ) kI pratimA kA racanAkAla pA~cavIM zatAbdI ho sakatA hai, vahA~ rekhAcitra 21 ( anukRti 6) kI pratimA vastutaH paravartI kAla kI hai-jaisA ki isake uttarIya ke aMkana tathA camaradhArI sevakoM kI prAkRtiyoM kI saMracanA se spaSTa hai / yaha pratimA chaThI zatAbdI ke aMtima kAla kI ho sakatI hai / yadyapi isa tIrthaMkara - mUrti meM Adya guptakAlIna mathurA zailI kI vizeSatAe~ haiM, tathApi, ise prAdya guptakAlIna nirdhArita karanA kaThina hai / gvAliyara ke do zailotkIrNa zilpAMkana ( citra 60 kha ) bhI isa kAla ke aMta kI hI racanAe~ pratIta hotI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA meM tIrthaMkara ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tathA dUsarI meM padmAsanastha dhyAna - mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai / padmAsana mudrAvAle tIrthaMkara ke pArzva meM aMkita sevaka pUrNa vikasita kamalapuSpoM para khar3e hue haiN| ina kamalapuSpoM ko baune (vAmana) logoM ne thAma rakhA hai, jo svayaM moTe kamalanAla-jaise dikhAI dete haiM / aisA hI, lambI nAlayukta kamalapuSpoM para khar3e yakSoM kA aMkana mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI ( bI 6 tathA bI 7 kramAMkita) do suMdara mUrtiyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / khaDgAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA ke mUrtana kI tulanA rAjagira kI vaibhAra pahAr3I sthita do khaDgAsana pratimAnoM ke mUrtana se kI jA sakatI hai| gvAliyara kI ina donoM tIrthaMkara - pratimAoM meM gupta - zailI kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sevaka alaMkRta TopI jaise mukuTa tathA gale meM ekAvalI dhAraNa kiye hue haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kA parikara paravartI guptakAlIna pratimAoM kI bhA~ti susajjita na hokara yahA~ bhI sAdA rahA / 1 viliyamsa, pUrvokta, pU 380, noTa 11. 2 zAha, pUrvokta, citra 25 tathA 27 [ inakI carcA adhyAya 10 meM bhI kI jA cukI hai aura inameM se eka kA citra bhI (citra 46 ) diyA gayA hai. - saMpAdaka ]. 138 umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha

Page #233
adhyAya 13 pazcima bhArata vicArAdhIna avadhi meM bahuta kama jaina avazeSa prApta hue haiM, kintu sAhitya meM mile pramANoM se itanA nizcita hai ki isa aMtarAla meM madhya tathA pazcima bhArata meM kaI jaina kendra vartamAna the / tatyugIna jaina avazeSoM kA aisA prabhAva kevala pazcima bhArata meM hI nahIM, apitu mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kA gaurava prApta karanevAle magadha meM bhI hai, jahA~ rAjagira kI kucha mUrtiyoM ko chor3akara isa avadhi kA anya koI avazeSa nahIM mila sakA hai / madhya (ujjaina) tathA pazcima bhArata (siMdhu sauvIra ) meM jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA saMbaMdhI prAraMbhika jaina paraMparA ke viSaya meM adhyAya 8 meM vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai, jahA~ yaha bhI ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki kSatrapa-zAsanakAla meM giranAra - jUnAgar3ha ke nikaTa saurASTra meM jaina muniyoM ke nivAsa kA saMketa milatA hai / isalie, aisI AzA hai ki bhaviSya meM hameM tIsarI, cauthI aura paravartI zatAbdiyoM ke jaina avazeSa rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura dakSiNApatha se prApta hoMge, vizeSakara gujarAta meM jUnAgar3ha, valabhi aura bhar3auMca tathA baMbaI ke nikaTa zUrapAraka yA Adhunika sopara aura pratiSThAnapura kSetroM se / cauthI zatI I0 ke AraMbha meM hI, hameM do jaina pariSadoM ke prAyaH eka hI samaya meM Ayojita adhivezanoM kA saMdarbha milatA hai, jo mathurA meM prArya skaMdila tathA valabhi ( saurASTra ) meM prArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM hue / upalabdha zvetAMbara prAgama graMthoM meM mathurA pariSad dvArA mAnya dharma-niyamoM kA ullekha adhika hai / jainAgama ke saMpAdana aura saMrakSaNa ke lie punaH pariSad ke dUsare adhivezana kA Ayojana valabhi meM devAdhigaNi-kSamA zramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM huA / mAnyatA yaha hai ki vartamAna zvetAMbara Agama isa dUsarI valabhi pariSad kA anugamana karate haiM, jisakA adhivezana mahAvIra - nirvANa ke 680 varSa pazcAt arthAt 453 I0 meM huA / valabhi meM do zatAbdiyoM ke aMtarAla meM pariSad ke dvitIya adhivezana kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3I jabaki cauthI zatI meM hI Agama kI racanA kara lI gayI thI, yaha abhI taka anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| isakA eka yuktisaMgata samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| pahale hI 83 I0 meM ( zvetAMbaroM ke anusAra), yA 80 I0 meM (digaMbaroM ke anusAra ) Arya kRSNa zramaNa ke ziSya zivabhUti ke netRtva meM digaMbara grAmnAya kA udaya huA / digaMbara - zvetAMbara matabheda pahale kucha samasyAoM taka hI 139

Page #234
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 sImita rahe, jinameM jaina muniyoM dvArA vastra-dhAraNa kI bAta pramukha thI; yadyapi zvetAMbara jainAgama kalpasUtra tathA nandisUtra (pA~cavIM zatI) kI sthavirAvali meM varNita kaI kuloM aura gaNoM kA ullekha kaMkAlI-TIlA mathurA se prApta mUrtiyoM ke abhilekhoM meM hai; tathApi isa prakAra abhilekhAMkita sabhI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ nagna haiN| padmAsana-mudrAvAlI mathurA kI kuSANa yugIna pratimAe~ bhI tIrthakara ke digaMbara rUpa ko pradarzita karatI huI mAnI jA sakatI haiM, kyoMki ina pratimAoM para kisI vastrAbharaNa kA saMketa nahIM hai, yadyapi inameM jananendriya ko bhI spaSTa rUpa meM nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai, jaisA ki paravartI digaMbara mUrtiyoM meM hai| vastrahInatA tathA anya kAraNoM ko lekara jaina muniyoM meM huA vivAda unakI mUrti-pUjA kI paddhati meM bhI abhivyakta hotA thaa| jaba zvetAMbara-digaMbara matabheda adhika tIvra ho uThe to jainAgama se aise sabhI prasaMgoM kA, jo donoM saMpradAyoM meM se kisI ke lie bhI suvidhAjanaka nahIM the, lopa kara diyA gayA / zvetAMbaroM ne dvitIya valabhi pariSad meM jainAgama ke naye saMskaraNa meM aura digaMbaroM ne saurASTra meM bhUtabalI kI racanAoM meM aise sabhI prasaMgoM kA lopa kara diyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dvitIya valabhi pariSad ke pUrva jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI samasta pratimAe~ vastrahIna utkIrNa kI gayI thiiN| caMdragupta-dvitIya ke samaya meM utkIrNa rAjagira ke maMdira meM sthita padmAsana-mudrA meM neminAtha kI suMdara pratimA bhI vastrahIna pratIta hotI hai| usI maMdira kI kAyotsarga pratimAeM bhI aisI hI sthiti meM haiN| dhotI dhAraNa kiye hue kisI tIrthakara kI prAcInatama mUrti akoTA (gujarAta) se prApta RSabhanAtha kI khaDgAsana kAMsya pratimA hai (citra 65 ka aura 67 kha) / lagabhaga 76 seM. mI. U~cI yaha atyaMta suMdara kAMsya pratimA hai, para durbhAgya se yaha AMzika rUpa se kSatigrasta hai tathA isakA pAdapITha naSTa ho cukA hai| phira bhI isakI racanA suMdara hai tathA vizuddha guptakAlIna zailI meM hai, jisakI tulanA sulatAnagaMja se prApta utkRSTatApUrvaka DhAlI huI buddha kI tAmra-pratimA se kI jA sakatI hai / atyadhika kSatigrasta hone para bhI yaha mUrti uttara bhArata meM prApta suMdaratama kAMsya pratimAoM meM se eka hai| rajatamaNDita ardhanimIlita netra tIrthakara kI AnaMdamaya mudrA kA saMketa dete haiN| nicalA adhara, jo mahApuruSa-lakSaNa ke anusAra aruNAbha honA cAhie, tAmra-maNDita hai| tIna dhAriyoM se yukta atyadhika kSatigrasta grIvA zaMkhAkAra (kaMbu-grIva) hai, jise gupta-kAla meM zarIra-sauMdarya kA pratIka mAnA jAtA thaa| sughar3atA se racita dhar3a ke vizAla tathA suDaula skaMdha tathA kSINa kaTi (tanuvatta-madhya) bhI gupta-zailI ke anurUpa haiN| skaMdhoM taka laTakatI kezarAzi kI sahAyatA se prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (AdinAtha) ke rUpa meM isakI pahacAna saMbhava huI hai / varAhamihira ke ullekhAnusAra inheM AjAnubAha, 1 zAha (yU pI). eja oNpha Dipha siezana oNpha zvetAMbara eNDa digaMbara jaina imejeja. buleTina praoNpha priMsa praoNpha velsa myUjiyama, baMbaI. 1, 1; 1950-51; 30 tathA paravartI. 2 [ adhyAya 11, citra 53.-saMpAdaka ] 140

Page #235
adhyAya 13 ] pazcima bhArata (ka) akoTA - tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) (kha) prakoTA - jIvanta svAmI, kAMsya mUrti (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) citra 65 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #236
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 (ka) akoTA RSabhanAtha kA, drazIrSa citra 65 ka (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) (kha) akoTA tIrthaMkara kI kAMsya mUrti kA zIrSa (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) citra 66 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #237
adhyAya 13 ] (kha) akoTA (ka) valabhI MERRASS kAMsya tIrthakara mUrtiyAM (priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya ) yakSa aura yakSI ke sAtha tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI kAMsya mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) citra 67 pazcima bhArata

Page #238
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 (ka) akoTA -- jIvanta svAmI, kAMsya (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) citra 68

Page #239
pazcima bhArata adhyAya 13 ] yauvanapUrNa tathA praphullita mukhAkRtiyukta pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| zIrSa para suniyojita ghu~gharAlI laToM ke atirikta uSNISa bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / hariSeNa kRta bRhat - kathA meM ullikhita digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra bhI kucha jaina muniyoM ke dvArA vastroM ke upayoga kA prAraMbha pazcima bhArata meM kAMbalikA tIrtha nAmaka sthAna se huA pratIta hotA hai | ataH yaha koI Azcarya nahIM ki tIrthaMkara kI prAraMbhika pratimA zvetAMbara rUpa meM (arthAt adhovastra, dhotI sahita) pazcima bhArata ke koTA nAmaka sthAna se upalabdha hai / tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdiyoM kA koI jaina avazeSa abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hai / pA~cavIM zatI kI RSabhanAtha kI kevala kAMsya mUrti upalabdha huI hai, jisakA ullekha pahale ho cukA hai / chaThI zatI kI kucha aura jaina mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / valabhi se tIrthaMkaroM kI pA~ca khaDgAsana kAMsya mUrtiyoM ko DI0 prAra0 bhaNDArakara ne khoja nikAlA (citra 67 ka ) hai, jo priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama, baMbaI meM surakSita rakhI haiM / 3' inake khaNDita abhilekhoM meM se kama-se-kama do ke prAMzika rUpa meM upalabdha abhilekha ke AdhAra para bhaNDArakara ne inheM chaThI zatI kA mAnA hai / morezvara dIkSita ne inameM se eka para valabhi-yuga ( 538 se 548 I0) kA saMva 200 (+) 20 (+) par3hA hai / 4 mUrtiyoM ke dhar3a baune haiM, kintu unake sira apekSAkRta bar3e aura bhArI haiM jo ki prAraMbhika pazcima bhAratIya zailI kI vizeSatA hai | jaisA ki pahale ( pR 139 ) ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, Arya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM jaina pariSad kA sammelana valabhi meM cauthI zatI meM huA / mahAn jaina tArkika tathA dvAdasAra nayacakra ke lekhaka mallavadI ne valabhi meM lagabhaga vi0 saM0 414 (357 I0 ) meM bauddhoM ko vAda-vivAda meM parAjita kiyA thA / pariSad kA dvitIya sammelana valabhi meM 453-54 I0 meM huA / isa yuga meM pazcima bhArata 1 tulanIya : AjAnulaMba bAhuH zrIvatsAMkaH prazAMta mUrtizca digvAsAstaruNo rUpavaMzca kAryehitAmdevAH bRhat saMhitA. 58,45. 1947. baMgalaura yaha tathya ki varAhamihira ke anusAra tIrthaMkara pratimAeM vastrahIna haiM, saMketa detA hai ki vastrayukta zvetAMbara mUrtiyA~ usake samaya meM lokapriya na thiiN| isa prakAra ve kadAcit paravartI haiM / 2 zAha ( yUpI ). akoTA broMjez2a 1959. baMbaI. pR 26 citra 8 ka aura 8 kha. / bRhat kathAkoza. saMpA : e0 ena0 upAdhye. siMdhI jaina sIrIz2a, 17, 131. 317 tathA paravartI aura bhUmikA, pR 118. 3 zAha, pUrvokta, 1950-51, pR 36, skalpacarsa phraoNma sAmalAjI eNDa ror3A, bar3audA. 1960 pR 21 25. / zAha (yU pI ). sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, 1955, banArasa citra 29. 4 AkU yaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, vaisTarna sarkila progresa riporTa, 1914-15. pR 30 / dIkSita ( morezvara jI . ) hisTArika eNDa ikaoNnaoNmika sTaDIja pU 63. / zAstrI (eca jI ). maitrikakAlIna guMjarAta pU 668-72 aura pR 671 para noTa 168. 141

Page #240
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [bhAga 13 meM jaina saMpanna hote gaye, jaisA ki valabhi meM pAyI gayI jaina kAMsya pratimAoM se bhI spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki bhaNDArakara ne usI sthAna se kumAragupta-prathama ke kaI sikke bhI khoja nikaale| citra 67 ka meM ina pA~ca kAMsya mUrtiyoM meM dAyIM ora se dUsarI tathA bAyIM ora kI pahalI kucha sthUla pratIta hotI haiN| gujarAta kI prAcIna kAMsya mUrtiyoM kA koI vivaraNa upalabdha na hone se, kevala zailI ke AdhAra para inake samaya kA nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina hai| sAMkaliyA kA mata hai ki gujarAta meM DhAMka ke kucha zailotkIrNa zilpAMkana cauthI zatI I0 ke prAraMbha ke haiN| punazca, pazcima bhArata meM tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdiyoM ke mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI paryApta vivaraNa ke abhAva meM ina zilpAMkanoM kA kAla-nirdhAraNa karanA sarala nahIM hai| kintu tIrthaMkara aura unakI sevikA yakSI aMbikA kI pratimAoM ko cauthI zatI ke sthAna para chaThI yA sAtavIM zatI ke aMta kI mAnanA caahie| abataka jJAta koI sAhityika yA purAtAttvika sAkSya aisA nahIM hai, jo chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva jaina-pUjA-vidhi meM isa yakSI kA sammilita kiyA jAnA pramANita karatA ho| zailI ke anusAra ye pratimAeM sAtavIM zatI kI mAnI jA sakatI haiN| akoTA samUha meM upalabdha kucha aura kAMsya mUrtiyoM ko unakI zailI tathA kahIM-kahIM unake abhilekhoM kI pUrAlipi ke sAkSya ke AdhAra para isa yuga ke aMtima bhAga kI mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina kalA tathA pratimA-vijJAna ke itihAsa meM jIvaMtasvAmI kI do kAMsya mUrtiyA~ (eka abhilekhAMkita pAdapITha sahita tathA dUsarI pAdapITha rahita) atyaMta mahattvapUrNa haiN| jaisA ki nAma se hI vidita hai, 'jIvaMtasvAmI pratimA' mUla rUpa meM eka vyakti-pratimA thI, jabaki svAmI arthAt mahAvIra jIvita (jIvaMta) the / purAtana jaina paraMparA ke anusAra, caMdana kI eka aisI pratimA (gozIrSa-caMdana) mahAvIra kI usa samaya kI vyakti-pratimA thI, jaba ve dIkSA se pUrva apane mahala meM dhyAnAvasthita the| ataeva mahAvIra ko isameM rAjakumAra ke upayukta mukuTa tathA anya AbhUSaNoM aura adhovastra sahita pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| bodhisatva kI bhA~ti hI, jinheM buddhatva prApta honA thA, jIvaMtasvAmI kI kalpanA ko 'jinasatva' ke rUpa meM kI gaI mAnI jA sakatI hai| 1 jarnala praoNpha da rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI. 1938 ; 427 tathA paravartI, citra 3-4./ sAMkaliyA (eca DI). mArka yaoNlaoNjI oNpha gujarAta. 1941. baMbaI. pR 160. / zAha, pUrvokta, 1955, rekhAcitra 31, pR 16-17. 2 jIvaMtasvAmI kI pratimA ke nirmANa aura vicAradhArA ke lie draSTavya : zAha (yU pI). e yunIka jaina imeja prApha jIvaMtasvAmI. jarnala oNpha di proriyaMTala iMsTiTyUTa, bar3audA. 1, 1; 72-79 aura 'sAiDa lAiTsa praoNna da lAiphaTAima seMDalavuDa imeja oNpha mahAvIra'. vahI. 1, 4; 358-68./ aura draSTavya : sama mora imejeja Apha jIvaMtasvAmI. jarnala oNpha iNDiyana myujiyamsa. 1; 49-50. 142

Page #241
adhyAya 13 ] pazcima bhArata citra 65 kha akoTA-jIvaMtasvAmI kI kAMsya pratimA ko pradarzita karatA hai, jisakA pAdapITha naSTa ho gayA aura jo AMzika rUpa se kSatigrasta hai| phira bhI, mukuTa sahita zIrSa pUrNataH surakSita hai / yaha UMcA mukuTa mathurA ke kuSANayugIna viSNu (pahale iMdra samajhA gayA) ke belanAkAra mukuTa (IrAnI TopI) ke samAna nirmita hai|' yaha caukora hai, jisameM sAmane kI ora caitya-vAtAyana ke samAna alaMkaraNa tathA pArzva, zIrSa aura pRSThabhAga meM kamala-pratIka aMkita haiN| bAloM kI kuNDalita laTe kaMdhoM para tIna paMktiyoM meM giratI haiM aura suMdara zailI meM sa~vAre hue keza paTTe ke nIce se dikhAI dete haiM, jo saMbhavataH mukuTa kA hI bhAga hai| mUrti kA nicalA adhara tAmra-jaTita hai, jo adharoM ke aruNAbha hone kA saMketa detA hai; rajata-maNDita ardhanimIlita nayana dhyAna kI gahanatA kA AbhAsa dete haiN| unake vizAla mastaka para vRttAkAra tilaka kA cihna hai| AdhyAtmika dhyAna evaM AnaMda tathA pUrNa yauvana kI prAbhA se pradIpta mukhamaNDalayukta mahAvIra kI yaha pratimA kadAcit abataka prApta mUrtiyoM meM zreSThatama hai| mekhalA (karadhanI) se kasI huI dhotI ghuTanoM se nIce taka laTakI huI hai| mekhalA ke madhya meM banI kuNDalapAza se bA~dhA huA paryasatka pArzva meM nIce kI ora laTaka rahA hai| isa prakAra kI kuNDalapAza devagar3ha kI anaMtazAyI viSNa-pratimA para bhI utkIrNa hai / dhotI ke madhya bhAga meM eka alaMkRta laghuvastra (paryasatka) ba~dhA hai, jisake eka chora kI cunnaTeM nIce kI ora laTaka rahIM haiM tathA dUsarA chora jo bAyIM jA~gha ko DhaMkatA hai, vilakSaNa ardhavRttAkAra cunnaToM meM vallI-jaisA pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra kI dhotI niHsaMdeha pazcima bhAratIya mUrtikalA kI prAraMbhika zailI kI vizeSatA hai| tIna dhAriyoM yukta grIvA, caur3e skaMdha, laMbI bhujAeM, sAdhAraNa rUpa meM ubharA vakSa aura kSINa kaTi meM gupta-kalA kI sabhI vizeSatAe~ haiN| UparI bhujA ke madhya bhAga kI apekSA kaMdhe ke nikaTa dhAraNa kiyA huA bhujabaMdha, jisameM maNimAla tathA gavAkSa kalA-pratIkoM kA honA bhI isake prAraMbhika kAla kA dyotaka hai| isameM utkIrNa kaNThamAla kI rUparekhA bhI mathurA kI prAraMbhika kuSANa-mUrtikalA kI vizeSatA liye hue hai| caur3A svarNahAra gaMdhAra kI buddha-pratimA ke gale meM sthita AbhUSaNa ke sadaza hai| ataeva, yaha pratimA lagabhaga 500-25 ke bAda kI nahIM ho sakatI; saMbhavataH, isase kucha pUrva kI ho sakatI hai| akoTA se prApta jIvaMtasvAmI kI dUsarI pratimA (citra 68-ka) meM unheM eka UMce abhilekhAMkita pAdapITha para khaDgAsana dhyAna-mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| pAdapITha kA abhilekha lagabhaga 550 I0 kI lipi meM utkIrNa hai| abhilekha meM aisA ullekha hai ki jIvaMtasvAmI kI yaha pratimA, caMdrakula kI jaina mahilA nAgIzvarI kA dharmopahAra (devadharma) thaa| kAyotsarga-mudrA meM yaha pratimA mukuTa, kuNDala, bhujabaMdha, kaMgana aura dhotI se yukta hai| dhotI ke do chora madhya meM ba~dhe hue laharA rahe haiN| bhujabaMdha maNimaya svarNamAla-yukta hai, jo atyadhika ghisA huA hai| dAyeM kAna meM motI kA kUNDala laTaka rahA hai aura bAyeM meM makara-kuNDala pratIta hotA hai| trikUTa (trikoNAtmaka) mukuTa madhya 1 vogala (je pha). lA skalpacara DI mathurA. 1930. perisa aura bruselsa . citra 39 ka aura kha, pa 46./ zAha, pUrvokta, 1959, citra 9 ka, 9 kha. pR 26-27. 143

Page #242
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 meM bar3I aura duhare cUr3AmaNiyukta parta tathA donoM ora do choTI partoM se nirmita hai| grIvA meM manohara ekAvalI hai| nayanoM meM raMjita rajata, jo dhUmila par3a cukI hai, vistRta skaMdhoM yukta deha, suvikasita vakSasthala, kucha-kucha kSINa kaTi-pradeza, sundara mukha, kinArI para maNikAoM yukta aNDAkAra prabhAmaNDala tathA abhilekha kI purAlipi ke AdhAra para hama isa kAMsya mUrti ko lagabhaga chaThI zatI ke madhyakAla kA mAna sakate haiN| akoTA samUha kI eka anya pratimA, jo kAyotsarga-mudrA meM prathama tIrthaMkara (RSabhanAtha) kI hai, vizeSa rUpa se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM tIrthakara (UMcAI 25 seM0 mI0) AyatAkAra pAdapITha (33 seM0 mI046 seM. mI. lambe-caur3e) ke madhya meM khar3e haiN| pAdapITha ke donoM siroM para do kamalapuSpa aMkita haiM, jinapara pratyeka meM eka yakSa tathA yakSI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM (citra 67-kh)| pRSThabhAga meM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke lie paTTikA athavA prabhAmaNDala ke lie AdhAra-peTikA yA donoM mUlataH una chidroM meM sthita the, jo pAdapITha ke UparI tala para dRSTigocara hote haiN| vRtta meM aMkita RSabhanAtha kI mUrti pRthaka DhAlI gayI hai aura kendra meM dharma-cakra ke Upara saMyukta kara dI gayI / dharma-cakra ke donoM ora suMdara hari haiN| RSabhanAtha ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara kI pahacAna unake skaMdhoM para laTakatI huI kezarAzi se huI hai| isameM saMvAre hae kaMcita keza aura uSNISa draSTavya haiN| bar3e netra, vistRta lalATa, thor3I nukIlI nAka, suDaula mukha tathA baune dhar3a para choTI grIvA aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM, jo prAraMbha meM gujarAta tathA pazcima bhArata ke anya sthAnoM meM prakaTa huI haiN| ye prAraMbhika pazcima bhAratIya zailI ke lakSaNa haiM, na ki paravartI yuga ke / tIrthakara ke zarIra para pAradarzI dhotI hai, jisameM se jananendriya kA svarUpa spaSTa jhalakatA hai| dhotI sundara raMgoM meM chApI gayI hai jisameM samAnAMtara paMktiyoM ke madhya puSpa aMkita haiN| puSpoM kA aMkana eka Adya kalA-pratIka hai| skaMdha caur3e aura sudRr3ha haiM; kaTi patalI, hAtha aura TA~geM sunirmita haiM tathA vakSasthala para zrIvatsa-cihna hai| ye sabhI viziSTatAe~ uttara gupta-yuga, lagabhaga 540-50, kI bodhaka haiN| isakI puSTi pRSThabhAga meM aMkita abhilekha kI bhASA se hotI hai jisameM likhA hai : jinabhadra vAcanAcArya ke nivRtti kula kI ora se yaha upahAra hai| isa kAMsya pratimA ko sthApita karAne vAle jinabhadra vAcanAcArya kI pahacAna prasiddha jaina vidvAn aura muni jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa se kI gayI hai, jo 500-606 ke bIca laMbe samaya taka jIvita rahe the / / pAdapITha ke dAyeM sire para virAjamAna yakSa kI pahacAna sarvAnubhUti ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai jo vizAla udara tathA do bhujAoMvAle haiM, jinake dAhine hAtha meM phala (turaMja) tathA bAyeM hAtha meM dhana 1 zAha, pUrvokta, 1959, cinna 10 ka, 10 kha, 11, pR 28-29, 4 29, noTa 7. 144

Page #243
adhyAya 13 ] pazcima bhArata kI thailI hai| prAMtarika rUparekhA meM maNikAyukta, kucha-kucha aNDAkAra tathA pradIpta zobhAyukta prabhAmaNDala uttara bhAratIya mUrtikalA meM prathama bAra dekhane ko milatA hai| prabhAmaNDala kI aisI rUparekhA kA pracalana isa yuga ke aMtima caraNa se prAraMbha huA, jise ajaMtA meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha rUparekhA maNDora, avaMtI, kannauja aura bhar3auMca ke gurjara-pratIhAra zAsanakAla meM cAra-pA~ca zatAbdiyoM taka pracalita rhii| ina AbhUSaNoM meM gupta-kAlIna vizeSatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, vizeSatayA vizAla skaMdhoM kI saMracanA dhyAna dene yogya hai| vizAla netra evaM caur3e lalATayukta mukhamaNDala mUla pratimA ke anurUpa hai aura prAraMbhika pazcima bhAratIya zailI meM hai| sevikA yakSI aMbikA ekAvalI sahita eka atirikta uraHsUtra dhAraNa kiye hue hai, jo sunimita unnata stanoM ke madhyabhAga se gujaratA huA nIce kuNDalI ke rUpa meM laTakatA rahatA hai| usakI goda meM zizu bhI ekAvalI pahane hue hai| aMbikA ke bAla usake sira ke upara jUr3e ke rUpa meM susajjita haiM aura vaha apane dAyeM hAtha meM pAmra-guccha liye hue hai| usakI AkRti ke pratirUpaNa meM isa zailI kI viziSTatA sammilita hai| yakSa aura yakSI donoM kI pratimAe~ jaina kalA kI abataka jJAta zailI kI prAcInatama upalabdhiyA~ haiN| aMbikA kA prAcInatama sAhityika saMdarbha bhI ambA-kuzmANDinI ke rUpa meM jinabhadra-gaNi kSamAzramaNa kI samakAlIna kRti kI TIkA arthAt 'vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya' kI TIkA meM milatA hai| prasaMgavaza yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI se nauvIM zatAbdI taka sarvAnubhUti (athavA sarvAhna) tathA aMbikA yakSa-yugala hI sabhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha ekamAtra sevaka yakSayugala ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahA thaa| akoTA-samUha meM tIrthaMkara kI eka aura kAyotsarga pratimA hai, jisake pRSTha meM aNDAkAra abhilekhAMkita prabhAvalI hai| isake abhilekha se patA calatA hai ki yaha mUrti pUrvokta jinabhadra vAcanAcArya ne dAna kI thii| akoTA-samUha meM hI aMbikA kI eka suMdara kAMsya pratimA ke pRSThabhAga meM abhilekha hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mUrti chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI hai| isameM (citra 106) bar3I-bar3I bisUratI A~khoM tathA lapalapAtI jIbhavAlI aMbikA leTe hue siha para lalita mudrA meM baiThI hai| saMpUrNa pratimA aura pRSTha kA prabhAmaNDala eka pITha se saMlagna hai, jo bhinna prakAra kI tIna paTTiyoM tathA pAdasthAna meM kamala puSpoM dvArA susajjita hai| prabhAmaNDala kamala-paMkhur3iyoM se yA agnizikhA kI udbhAsita kiraNoM se zobhAyamAna nirmita kiyA gayA hai, jisake zIrSa para padmAsana dhyAna-mudrA meM 1 vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya jisapara lekhaka kA svaracita apUrNa bhASya hai, jise koTyArya ne pUrNa kiyA, DI DI mAlavaNiyA, ahamadAbAda, dvArA saMpAdita bhAga-3, pR 711, gAthA-3589 kI TIkA. koTyArya, jisane jinabhadra kI adhUrI TIkA ko pUrA kiyA, avazya hI jinabhadragaNI kA samasAmayika kaniSTha vyakti rahA hogA. 145

Page #244
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 300 se 600 I0 [ bhAga 3 pArzvanAtha kI laghu pratimA avasthita hai / prabhAmaNDala pRSThabhAga kI sUcI se bRhadAkAra hai, saMdhisthAna aura sUcI makarazIrSa dvArA alaMkRta haiN| aMbikA kA bhavya kirITa trikaTa mukuTa se milakara banA hai, jisameM gavAkSa athavA sauramaNDalIya kalA-pratIka ke madhya meM eka vizAla ratna jur3A huA hai| zIrSa para suzobhita vizAla jur3A pIche kI ora se bhI dikhAI detA hai| aMbikA kA gola-maTola mukhamaNDala caur3e jabar3e aura bar3I-bar3I A~khoM se yukta hai| kAnoM meM do kuNDala bhI dhyAna dene yogya haiN| nArI-rUpa kA yaha pratirUpaNa pazcima bhAratIya zailI kI vizeSatA liye hue hai| usakA dhar3a anupAtataH choTA aura patalA hai| isakI tulanA pUrvokta jinabhadra-gaNI dvArA pratiSThApita RSabhanAtha-mUrti kI aMbikA se kI jA sakatI hai| yaha devI ekAvalI, kaNThahAra, ghaNTikAyukta maMgala-mAlA tathA uraHsUtra dhAraNa kiye hue hai, adhovastra vikaccha zailI meM dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai, jisameM caukora dhAriyA~ chApI gayI haiN| devI ke dAyeM hAtha meM pAmra-guccha hai aura bAyeM hAtha meM turaMja phala hai| goda meM bAyIM ora eka zizu baiThA hai| dUsarA zizu usake sAtha dAyIM ora khar3A huA dikhAyA gayA hai / pRSThabhAga meM eka kSatigrasta abhilekha hai, jisakI lipi ke AdhAra para ise chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| akoTA-samUha meM tIrthaMkara-mUrti kA eka suMdara sira (citra 66 kha) surakSita hai / unnata lalATa, sIdhI nAsikA, choTe-choTe hoMTha, jinameM nicalA hoMTha kucha Age kI ora nikalA huA hai, rajataraMjita vizAla netroM se yukta sunirmita yuvA mukhamaNDala utkRSTa kalA-kauzala kA namUnA hai| yaha kaMbu-grIvA zailI meM nirmita hai jo gupta-kAla meM mahApuruSa aura usake Adarza rUpa kI viziSTatA thii| yaha sira lagabhaga 600 I0 ke pazcAt kA nahIM ho sktaa| umAkAMta premAnaMda zAha 1 zAha, pUrvokta, 1959, citra 14, pRSThabhAga ke abhilekha ke lie citra 74-I bhI draSTavya. 2 vahI, citra 16 ka, 16 kha. 146

Page #245

Page #246

Page #247
adhyAya 14 uttara bhArata maMdira uttara bhArata meM prAraMbhika madhyakAla kI bahuta adhika vAstukalAkRtiyA~ zeSa nahIM bacI haiM / avaziSTa kalAkRtiyoM meM mukhya haiM, pAlI jile meM ghAnerAva kA maMdira aura jodhapura jile meM prosiyA nAmaka sthAna para maMdiroM kA samUha, jisameM isa kAla ke maMdiroM ke atirikta, paravartIkAla ke maMdira bhI sammilita haiM / mahAvIra maMdira, ghAnerAva dhAnerAva sthita, mahAvIra maMdira ( citra 69 ) sAMghAra prAsAda ke rUpa meM hai, jisameM pradakSiNA - patha yukta eka garbhagRha, eka gUr3ha - maNDapa, eka trika-maNDapa tathA mukha- catuSkI (dvAra - maNDapa) sammilita haiM / isa maMdira ke cAroM ora caubIsa devakulikAoM se yukta eka raMga- maNDapa bhI banA huA hai aura yaha sampUrNa nirmiti eka U~ce prAkAra ke bhItara sthita hai / maMdira ke garbhagRha kI racanA - zailI sarala hai / usameM kevala do avayava haiM; arthAt bhadra aura karNa, pradakSiNApatha ke tIna ora banAye gaye bhadra- prakSepoM (chajjoM) ko, gUr3ha - maNDapa kI bhittiyoM kI bhA~ti suMdara jharokhoM dvArA sajAyA gayA hai, jinase prakAza prasphuTita hotA hai / maMdira kI racanA ( uThAna; citra 70) jADya-kuMbha ke pITha-baMdhoM, kalaza tathA sAdI paTTikAoM ko AdhAra pradAna karanevAlI yugala-bhittiyoM dvArA huI hai| pITha ke Upara sAmAnya rUpa se pAye jAnevAle vedI-baMdha sthita haiM, jo sAdA hote hue bhI AkarSaka haiN| pratyeka jharokheyukta bhadra ke madhya meM bhitti se thor3A bAhara kI ora nikalatI huI deva-kulikAe~ ( Ale) nirmita kI gayI haiM, jinameM padmAvatI, cakrezvarI, brahma yakSa, nirvANI tathA gomukha yakSa kI aisI pratimAe~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiM, jo pUrva se pazcima dizA kI ora apanI pradakSiNA ke krama meM eka dUsare se milate hue dikhAye gaye haiM / jaMghAoM ke konoM para do bhujAoM vAle jo manohara tribhaMga- mudrA meM khar3I haiM aura jinheM digpAloM kI suDaula AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiM, kIcakoM ne uThAyA huA hai / ye prAkRtiyA~ bhavyatA se 149

Page #248
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 utkIrNaM vyAloM se saMpAvita haiM jo pratispardhA kI bhAvabhaMgimAvAle hAthiyoM ke mastakoM se suzobhita aura vibhinna prakAra kI mohaka mudrAoM meM gaMdharvoM aura apsarAnoM kI sajIva mUrtiyoM dvArA alaMkRta Tor3oM para AdhArita haiM / gUr3ha - maNDapa ke sannikaTa trika-maNDapa ke prAcIra staMbhoM para nauveM aura dasaveM digpAla brahmA tathA anaMta kI mUrtiyA~ bhI dikhAI par3atI haiM / jaMghA ke sthAna para, chajjoM para ( citra 71) rAjasenaka, vedikA, AsanapaTTa, kakSAsana goTe lagAye gaye haiM jo choroM para zilpAMkanoM tathA spaMdanazIla AkRtiyoM se alaMkRta haiM / durdAnta vyAloM se alaMkRta jharokhe, makara- toraNa kI jhAlaroM ke nIce, nRtya tathA saMgIta ke nATakIya zilpAMkanoM ko AdhAra pradAna karate haiM / jaMghA ke zIrSabhAga meM sAdI sudRr3ha varaNDikA ke Upara kI saMpUrNa nirmiti eka Adhunika racanA hai / uttarI tathA dakSiNI pAvoM meM sthita kuMbha - puruSoM kI grojasvI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta trika-maNDapa ke rAjasenaka para vidyAdeviyoM aura gaMdharvoM ke zilpAMkana haiM / trika-maNDapa ke sabhI chaha staMbha tathA cAra prAcIra-staMbha bhavya haiM aura unake UparI bhAga lalita rUpa meM utkIrNa haiM / mukha-catuSkI ke sopAna ke donoM pArzvo para vidyA-deviyoM tathA yakSoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI huI haiM, jinameM gomukha tathA brahma yakSa kI pratimAe~ sammilita haiM / aMtastha bhavana (citra 72 ) kI chata para manoraMjaka aura vividhatApUrNa AkRtiyoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / mukha catuSkI para masUrAkAra kSipta-vitAna kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai, jo nAbhicchaMda zailI meM hai / isa zailI kI nirmitiyA~ varmana ke brAhmaNasvAmI maMdira, auvA ke kAmezvara maMdira aura gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI maMdira jaise prAcIna maMdiroM meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / trika-maNDapa kI kendrIya chata samatala vitAna ke rUpa meM hai jisameM daNDa - rAsa ke utkIrNa kalA - piNDoM se yukta prabhAga darzAye gaye haiM / inake cAroM ora saMkendrita paMktiyoM meM vyAla, nartaka, naTa tathA alaMkRta zilpAMkana suzobhita haiM / isakI bAyIM aura dAyIM ora kI paMktiyoM meM nAbhicchaMda zailI meM gajatAlunoM ke sAtha kSipta-vitAnoM kI racanA kI gayI hai, tathApi aSTakoNIya gUr3ha - maNDapa kI chata bhavyatama hai, jisapara sabhA mArga zailI meM nirmita vizAla kSipta-vitAna darzAyA gayA hai| yaha kSipta-vitAna padma kesara ke rUpa meM pariNata honevAlI, prabhUta alaMkaraNapUrNa dasa utkIrNa saMkendrita mudrikAoM se yukta hai / ina mudrikAoM meM vAmana prAkRtiyoM kI eka paMkti citrita kI gayI hai jisameM se bAhara kI ora manomugdhakArI apsarAoM ko dhAraNa kiye hue ATha hAthI - Tor3e nikale hue haiM / gUr3ha - maNDapa meM pA~ca zAkhAoM ke dvAramArga kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai, jisapara patra zAkhA aura rUpa-zAkhA utkIrNa haiM aura pArzvabhAga vyAloM, apsarAoM, padmapatra - zAkhA tathA ratna - zAkhA se alaMkRta kiye gaye haiM jisake nIce nAgoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI huI haiN| saradala tathA rUpa-zAkhA kI devakulikAoM (prAloM) meM vidyAdeviyoM athavA yakSiyoM kI bIsa zrAkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM, jinameM se rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, padmAvatI tathA nirvANI athavA mahAlakSmI kI prAkRtiyoM kI bAyIM ora 150

Page #249
adhyAya 14 ] uttara bhArata tathA mahAlakSmI, mAnasI acchuptA, vairoTyA, vajrAkuMzA tathA aMbikA kI AkRtiyoM ko dAyIM ora dekhA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna - mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti lalATa- bimba ke rUpa meM utkIrNa kI gayI hai / dvAra ke donoM pArzvo para eka-eka kalAtmaka khattaka kI racanA kI gayI hai, nIce kIcaka aura UparI bhAga meM udgama utkIrNa kiye gaye haiM / garbhagRha kA dvAra (citra 73 ) gUr3ha - maNDapa ke samAna aura apane vAhanoM para ArUr3ha vidyAdeviyoM aura yakSiyoM kI AkRtiyA~ rUpa-staMbhoM para utkIrNa haiM / ina AkRtiyoM meM se rohiNI, nirvANI, vajrAMkuzA, cakrezvarI, mahAmAnasI, mAnasI, vairoTyA, prajJapti tathA mahAjvAlA ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / DhAkI, jinhoMne isa maMdira kA vistRta adhyayana kiyA hai| ise vAstukalA kI mAru-gurjara zailI kI medapATa (mevAr3a) zAkhA kA eka utkRSTa udAharaNa mAnate haiM aura unhoMne jagata ke aMbikA maMdira se zailIgata samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para isakA nirmANakAla madhya dasavIM zatAbdI ThIka hI nirdhArita kiyA hai / isa kAlAvadhi kA puSTIkaraNa isa sthAna para pAye gaye eka pAdapITha se hotA hai, jisa para 954 I0 kA eka lekha bhI utkIrNa hai / kintu aba vaha pAdapITha aprApya hai / osiyA, prAraMbhika madhyayugIna kalA aura sthApatya kA eka suprasiddha sthAna hai, jahA~ AThavIMnauvIM zatAbdiyoM ke lagabhaga eka darjana maMdira prAraMbhika caraNa kI nirmiti haiM / koI AdhA darjana maMdira lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI paravartI nirmANa prakriyA ke haiM / zrosiyA ke maMdira maNDapa, yahA~ kA mukhya jaina maMdira mahAvIra maMdira ( citra 74 ) hai jo prAraMbhika caraNa kI nirmitiyoM meM se eka hai / eka zilAlekha ke anusAra isa maMdira kA nirmANa pratIhAra vatsarAja ke zAsanakAla (AThavIM zatAbdI kA aMtima caturthAMza) meM kiyA gayA thaa| isa maMdira kA mukha uttara kI ora hai / isakI saMpUrNa nirmiti meM pradakSiNApatha ke sAtha garbhagRha, aMtarAla, pArzva bhittiyoM ke sAtha gUr3hatrika-maNDapa tathA sIr3hiyA~ car3hakara pahu~ca jAne yogya mukha-catuSkI sammilita haiM / dvAra-maNDapa se kucha dUrI para eka toraNa hai jisakA nirmANa, eka zilAlekha ke anusAra, 1016 I0 meM kiyA gayA thA / kintu isase bhI pUrva 656 I0 meM dvAra-maNDapa ke sAmane saMkendrita vAlANaka ( zrAcchAdita sopAnayukta pravezadvAra) kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thaa| garbhagRha ke donoM ora tathA pIche kI ora eka prAcchAdita vIthI nirmita hai | mukha maNDapa tathA toraNa ke bIca ke rikta sthAna ke donoM pAvoM meM yugala devakulikAeM bAda meM nirmita kI gayI haiM / 1 mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubilI vaoNlyUma khaNDa 1. 1968. bambaI. pR 328-32. 151

Page #250
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 garbhagRha eka vargAkAra kakSa hai jisameM tIna aMgoM, arthAt bhadra, pratiratha tathA karNa, kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isakI uThAna meM, pITha ke aMtargata eka vizAla bhitta, vistRta aMtara-patra aura caityatoraNoM dvArA alaMkRta kapota sammilita haiN| kapota ke Upara belabUToM se alaMkRta basaMta-paTrikA caukI ke samAnAMtara sthita pITha ke Upara sAmAnya rUpa se pAye jAnevAle vedI-baMdha sthita haiN| vedIbaMdha ke kuMbha devakulikAoM dvArA alaMkRta haiM jinameM kubera, gaja-lakSmI, tathA vAyu prAdi devatAoM kI prAkRtiyA~ banAyI gayI haiN| vedI-baMdha ke alaMkaraNayukta kapota ke Upara udgamoM se AveSTita devakulikAoM meM digpAloM kI AkRtiyA~ banI huI haiN| jaMghA kI pariNati padma-vallariyoM kI zilpAkRti ke rUpa meM hotI hai aura varaNDikA ko AdhAra pradAna karatI hai| varaNDikA dvArA chAdya se AveSTita do kapotoM ke bIca ke aMtarAla kI racanA hotI hai| garbhagRha ke bhadroM ko uccakoTi ke kalAtmaka jharokhoM se yukta una gavAkSoM se saMbaddha kiyA gayA hai jo, rAjasenaka, vedikA tathA prAsanapaTTa para sthita haiN| ina gavAkSoM ko aise caukora tathA manohArI yugala bhitti-staMbhoM dvArA vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, jo kamalapuSpoM, ghaTapallavoM, kIrtimukhoM tathA latAgulmoM ke aMkana dvArA surucipUrvaka alaMkRta kiye gaye haiM aura unake Upara taraMga-Tor3oM kI nirmiti hai| chajjoM se yukta gavAkSoM ke jharokhoM ke vividha manohara rUpa pradarzita hai (citra 75) / garbhagRha ke Upara nirmita zikhara maulika nahIM hai| yaha gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI mAru-gurjara zailI kI eka paravartI racanA hai| vikasita karNoM ko darzAne vAle uraHzRMgoM tathA laghu zRMgoM kI tIna paMktiyA~ isakI vizeSatAeM haiN| gar3ha-maNDapa kI rUparekhA meM kevala do tattva sammilita haiM; arthAt, bhadra aura karNa / varaNDikA taka garbhagRha ke goTe tathA anya alaMkaraNa isake aMtargata Ate haiN| isakI jaMghA ke agrabhAga kA alaMkaraNa yakSoM, yakSiyoM aura vidyAdeviyoM kI pratimAoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| sAmane ke karNa meM bAyIM ora sarasvatI aura pArzva-yakSa tathA dAyIM ora acchuptA aura apraticakrA kI pratimAe~ avasthita haiN| gar3ha-maNDapa kI chata tIna paMktiyoMvAlI phAnasanA hai, jisakA sauMdarya adbhuta hai| prathama paMkti rUpakaNTha se prAraMbha hotI hai aura vaha vidyAdharoM aura gaMdharyoM kI nRtya karatI huI prAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta hai; jinake pazcAt chAdya tathA zataraMjI rUpa meM utkIrNa Ale haiN| prathama paMkti ke cAra kone bhavya zRMgoM se maNDita haiN| bhadroM se rathikA prakSipta hotI hai, jisapara pazcima dizA meM kubera tathA pUrva meM eka aparicita yakSa kI prAkRti sammilita hai| dUsarI paMkti meM siMhakarNa kA aMkana hai aura usake donoM pAvoM meM usake Adhe bhAga kI anukRti hai / isa paMkti ke cAra konoM ko suMdara karNakaToM dvArA alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya yA aMtima paMkti ke madhya meM cAroM ora siMhakarNa kI racanA kI gayI hai aura usake zIrSabhAga meM suMdara AkRti ke ghaNTA-kalaza kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| trika-maNDapa kA zikhara gUr3ha-maNDapa ke sadRza phAnasanA prakAra kI do paMktiyoMvAlA hai| isake cAroM ora siMhakarNa ke tIna phalaka haiN| uttara kI ora ke siMhakarNa para mahAvidyAnoM-gaurI, varoTyA tathA mAnasI-kI prAkRtiyA~ haiN| pazcimI phAnasanA ke uttara kI ora yakSI, cakrezvarI, mahAvidyA, 152

Page #251
adhyAya 14 ] uttara bhArata ghAne rAva - mahAvIra maMdira citra 69 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #252
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 ghAnerAva - mahAvIra maMdira, bahirbhAga (uThAna) citra 70

Page #253
adhyAya 14] uttara bhArata bAnA ghAnerAva - mahAvIra maMdira, jharokhA citra 71

Page #254
ar-I-FARA ga afaat 600 A 1000 $ [ HET 4 RENSWOYONGHADIRIRONOVOUSSE SELLE STYR ghAnerAva - mahAvIra maMdira, vitAna 7 72

Page #255
adhyAya 14] uttara bhArata osiyA - mahAvIra maMdira, garbha-gRha kA dvAra citra 73 .

Page #256
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 prosiyA - mahAvIra maMdira citra 74 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #257
adhyAya 14] uttara bhArata SSC JANA * * * prosiyA - mahAvIra maMdira, jharokhA citra 75 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #258
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 nIlakaNTha - tIrthakara mUrti citra 76

Page #259
adhyAya 14] uttara bhArata (ka) nIlakaNTha - tIrthaMkara mUrti (kha) nIlakaNTha - tIrthakara mUrti citra 77

Page #260
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 mathurA saMgrahAlaya - cakrezvarI yakSI citra 78 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #261
adhyAya 14 ] 9888888 mathurA saMgrahAlaya ambikA yakSI citra 79 uttara bhArata

Page #262
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya - tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha (kha) lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya - toraNa zIrSa kA eka bhAga citra 80 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #263
adhyAya 14 ] uttara bhArata mahAkAlI tathA vAgdevI kI prAkRtiyA~ darzAyI gayI haiN| pazcima kI ora, pArzva meM, yakSI mUrtiyoM ke madhya mahAvidyA mAnavI kI prAkRti hai / dvAra-maNDapa kI do paMktiyoMvAlI phAnasanA-chata ghaNTA dvArA AveSTita hai| isake tribhujAkAra toraNoM kI tIna phalakoM meM pratyeka para devI-devatAoM kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| pUrva kI ora mahAvidyA kAlI, mahAmAnasI aura varuNa yakSa kI pratimAeM haiN| uttara kI ora yakSa sarvAnubhUti, AdinAtha tathA aMbikA kI pratimAe~ haiN| pazcima kI aora deviyoM dvArA saMpAzvita mahAvidyA rohiNI kI mUrti hai| garbhagRha kI bhItarI racanA sAdI hai, kintu usameM tIna deva-kulikAeM nirmita haiM, jo aba rikta haiN| garbhagRha ke dvAra ke kalAtmaka vivaraNa hAla meM kiye gaye raMgalepa aura zIze kI jar3AI ke kAraNa chipa gaye haiN| zAlA ke cAroM staMbha mUla rUpa se caukora haiM aura unheM ghaTa-pallava (bela-bUToM), nAgapAza aura zAla kItimukhoM dvArA alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| zAlA ke Upara kI chata nAbhicchaMda zailI meM nimita hai aura usakI racanA sAde gajatAluoM dvArA hotI hai / gUr3ha-maNDapa kI bhittiyoM meM paryApta gaharAI kI dasa devakulikAeM haiN| unameM se do meM kubera aura vAyu kI prAkRtiyA~ haiN| gUr3ha-maNDapa kI pratyeka devakulikA ke zIrSa para nirmita bhavya caitya-toraNoM para jaina devatAoM kI prAkRtiyA~ nirmita haiM / uttara-pUrva se uttarapazcima kI ora kramAvasthita pradakSiNA zailI meM nirmita ina devatAoM kI pratimAe~ rohiNI, vairoTyA, mahAmAnasI aura nirvANI kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| pratyeka bhadra ke saradala ke Upara sthita phalaka para anucaroM ke sAtha pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko darzAyA gayA hai| aisA vizvAsa karane ke lie kAraNa haiM ki AThavIM zatAbdI meM vatsarAja dvArA nirmita mUla maMdira ke abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM valANaka vidyamAna thA aura 656 I0 meM staMbhayukta kakSa ke atirikta nirmANa ke sAtha isakA navIkaraNa karAyA gayA thA / mUla mahAvIra-maMdira prAraMbhika rAjasthAnI vAstukalA kA eka manorama namUnA hai, jisameM mahAna kalA-guNa saMpanna maNDapa ke Upara phAnasanA chata tathA jaina vAstukalA ke sahaja lakSaNoM se yukta trikamaNDapa kI prAcInatama zailI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| mukhya maMdira aura usakI devakUlikAe~ prAraMbhika jaina sthApatya aura mUrtikalA ke samRddha bhaNDAra haiM aura devakulikAe~ to vAstava meM sthApatya kalA ke laghuratna hI haiN| 1 [toraNa, valANaka tathA devakulikAeM paravartI nimitiyA~ haiM, isalie 1000 se 1300 taka kI avadhi kA vivaraNa prastuta karanevAle adhyAya meM inakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai--saMpAdaka]. 153

Page #264
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 mUtiyA~ vicArAdhIna avadhi kI mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA to bahuta hai, kintu hamAre pAsa kucha ke hI vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| unameM se jo adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM, unakA ullekha yahA~ para kiyA jA sakatA hai, vizeSa rUpa se unakA, jo sulabhya saMgrahoM meM surakSita ho cuke haiN| prAraMbhika madhyakAla meM mathurA jaina kalA aura sthApatya kA kendra banA rhaa| yaha tathya yahA~ uttara-gupta-zailI kI aneka jaina pratimAoM kI upalabdhi se pramANita hotA hai / chaThI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka mathurA tathA nikaTavartI bharatapura, kAmana aura bayAnA kSetroM meM zUrasena nAmaka sAmaMtavAdI rAjavaMza kA zAsana thaa| zUrasena-rAjavaMza kalA aura sthApatya ke mahAn saMrakSaka the| zUrasenoM ke udAratApUrNa zAsana ke aMtargata brAhmaNa aura jaina dharma donoM hI samRddha hue| prAcInakAla se ye kSetra zUrasena nAma se prasiddha the / pratyakSataH ukta rAjavaMza kA nAmakaraNa bhI kSetra ke nAma para hI kiyA gayA thaa| kAmana kI cauMsaTha-khaMbhA nAma se prasiddha prAcIna masajida meM prAraMbhika madhyakAla kI aneka brAhmaNa aura kucha jainadharmI mUrtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| kAmana jaina dharma ke kAmyakagaccha kA kendra thA / isa gaccha ke viSNusUri tathA mahezvarasUri nAmaka jaina guruyoM kA ullekha 1043 I0 ke bayAnA ke zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai| lakSmInivAsa ke zAsanakAla, 1032 I0 meM, jisakA paricayana zUrasena rAjyAdhyakSa lakSmaNa se kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaina vidvAn durgAdeva ne kumbhanagara athavA kAmana nAmaka sthAna para zAntinAtha ke maMdira meM RSTa-samuccaya nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI thii| kardama nAmaka eka anya zarasenavaMzIya zAsaka kA nAma ullekhanIya hai, jise abhayadevasari ne jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA aura usakA nAmakaraNa ghanezvara-sUri kiyA thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki usane rAja-gaccha kI sthApanA kI thii| kAmana ke samAna hI, prAcInakAla se zAntipura athavA zrIpatha nAma se vikhyAta, bayAnA bhI jaina dharma kA eka zaktizAlI gar3ha thaa| isa sthAna se 664 I. kI eka abhilekhAMkita jaina pratimA prApta huI hai, jisameM ullekha hai ki vAgar3a-saMgha ke zUrasena kI preraNA se yaha pratimA prasthApita kI gayI thii| bayAnA meM ukhA-masajida ke nAma se prasiddha caudahavIM zatI kI eka masajida tathA pA~ca anya masajidoM kA nirmANa, pUrva madhyakAla tathA paravartI avadhi ke aneka hindU tathA jaina maMdiroM ko vidhvaMsa karake prApta kI gayI sAmagrI dvArA kiyA gayA thA, jaisA ki punaH upayoga meM lAye gaye prAcIna utkIrNa staMbhoM tathA anya sthApatya-ghaTakoM se pramANita hotA hai| pilAnI kA nikaTavartI narahada (prAcIna narabhaTa) bhI zrasena rAjya ke kalA-pradeza ke aMtargata thA; yaha tathya isa sthAna para pAyI gayI ucca kalAtmakatA se yukta nauvIM zatAbdI kI cAra kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM se pramANita hotA hai| inameM se do pratimAe~ neminAtha kI haiM aura eka-eka sumatinAtha tathA zAntinAtha kii| 1 iNDiyana aiNTIkverI. 143; 1885%3 8 tathA paravartI. 2 jaina (ke sI). aiMzyeNTa siTIz2a eNDa TAunsa praoNpha rAjasthAna. 1972. dillI. 150. 3 vahI, pR 153. 4 zarmA (dazaratha). mI cauhAna DAinesTIja. 1959. dillI. pR 228 ke sAmane kA citra. / iNDiyana prAyaoN-. laoNjoH e rivyU, 1956-57. 1957. naI dillI. pR. 83. 154

Page #265
adhyAya 14 ] uttara bhArata nIlakaMTha athavA rAjauragar3ha (yA gar3ha), jo pArzvanAtha kI vizAla pratimA ke AdhAra para pAranagara bhI kahalAtA hai, zUrasena kSetra ke pazcima kI ora sthita matsyadeza kA eka prAcIna nagara hai| yaha nagara jaina tathA brAhmaNa (mukhyata: zaiva) dharmoM ke pUrva-madhyakAla tathA madhyakAla kI mUrtiyoM tathA maMdiroM kA suprasiddha kendra hai| sAvaTa nareza ke rAjyakAla 623 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM rAjyapura meM zAntinAthamaMdira ke nirmANa aura usameM mukhya pratimA kI sthApanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yaha sthAna pArzvanAtha kI vizAla (4.65 mITara U~cI) pratimA, jise sthAnIya loga naugajA kahate haiM, tathA tIna anya vizAla tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM (citra 76, 77 ka tathA 77 kha) evaM hAla ke anusaMdhAna se prApta lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSoM ke lie suprasiddha hai| vArANasI meM bhI lagabhaga chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdiyoM kI utkRSTa koTi kI pratimAe~ prApta haI haiM, jinameM ajitanAtha kI eka pratimA bhI sammilita hai jo aba lakhanaU ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| lagabhaga nauvIM zatAbdI kI eka bhavya sarvatobhadra pratimA sarAyAghATa, jilA eTA se prApta huI hai, jisameM cAra tIrthakara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM aMkita haiN| isa pratimA se uttara gupta-kAla meM madhyadeza meM vikasita haI uttara gaptakAlIna kalA kI jIvaMtatA kA pramANa milatA hai| kRSNadeva mathurA apanI mUrti-saMpadA ke lie samRddha mathurA ke purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM adhikAMzataH mathurA kSetra arthAt jaina aura brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie pavitra brajabhUmi meM nirmita pratimAeM saMgRhIta haiN| ke saMgrahAlaya meM chaThI se dasavIM zatAbdiyoM kI tIrthaMkaroM, zAsana-deviyoM tathA gauNa devatAoM kI mahattvapUrNa jaina pratimAeM saMgrahIta haiN| padmAsana-mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI zilpAMkita pratimA jise pratIhArakAla kA kahA jA sakatA hai, kalA ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| dhyAnamagna tIrthaMkara paraMparAgata siMhAsana para AdhArita sarpa-kuNDaliyoM para virAjamAna haiN| unake Upara sAta nAgaphaNoM kI chatrachAyA hai aura apane zIrSa para eka-eka nAgaphaNa dhAraNa kiye hue unake zAsanadevatA dharaNendra aura padmAvatI virAjamAna haiN| zIrSa kI ora, paraMparAgata kalpanA ke anusAra, meghoM kA pratinidhitva karanevAle ur3ate hue vidyAdharoM ko dikhAyA gayA hai| mukhAkRti yadyapi khaNDita rUpa meM hai, phira bhI use dekhakara gupta-paraMparA kA smaraNa ho pAtA hai| tIrthaMkara kI eka dUsarI padmAsanapratimA, jisameM adhika vikasita kalA ke guNa pAye jAte haiM, kiMcit paravartI kAla kI pratIta hotI 1 iNDiyana prAyaoNlaoNjI-e rivyU, 1961-62. 1962. naI dillI. pR85. 2 mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubilI vaoNlyUma. khaNDa 1. 1968. bambaI. pR 143-55. citra 10-11. 3 vahI, pR 217 ke sAmane kA citra 4. 155

Page #266
vAstu -smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 hai| tIrthaMkara-mUrti siMhAsana para sthApita kamalapuSpa para virAjamAna hai| madhyadeza ke kucha anugAmI devatAoM ko bhI kamalapuSpoM para aMkita kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pArzvabhAgoM meM sthita gauNa devatAoM ko pA~ca paMktiyoM meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| sabase nicalI paMkti meM yakSa aura yakSI tathA unake Upara kI paMktiyoM meM prabhAmaNDalayukta camaradhArI aMkita haiN| Upara kI tIna paMktiyoM meM saMbhavataH uccatara kSetroM ke devoM kA pratinidhitva kiyA gayA hai, jinameM vidyAdhara bhI sammilita haiN| pAdapITha ke madhyabhAga meM dharma-cakra tathA hariNa-pratIka aMkita haiM / jaisA ki bhaTTAcArya kA sujhAva hai', hariNa-cihna se yukta isa pratimA ko zAntinAtha kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / devI-pratimAoM meM, apane vAhana garur3a para sthApita kamalapuSpa para khar3I huI dasa bhujAoM vAlI cakrezvarI kI mUrti ullekhanIya hai (citra 78) / usake donoM pAzvoM para do sevikAe~ aura vidyAdhara utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| yaha mUrti prakhara se prApta huI hai| inameM sarvAdhika utkRSTa aura jaTila, dasavIM zatAbdI kI aMbikA kI mUrti hai, jisameM vaha apane parivAra-devatAoM sahita aMkita kI gayI hai| mUrti ke zIrSabhAga meM padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara-pratimA kI racanA kI gayI hai / devI ardhaparyaka-mudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura apanI goda meM eka zizu ko baiThAye huI haiM, dUsarA zizu unake dAhine ghuTane ko sparza karatA huA unake sannikaTa khar3A hai| nIce vAhana siMha aMkita hai| unake donoM pAzoM para camaradhArI, gaNeza tathA kubera avasthita haiM / zIrSa bhAga para neminAtha ke donoM pAryoM meM kRSNa (viSNu ke rUpa meM) aura balarAma aMkita haiM, kyoMki anuzruti ke anusAra ve tInoM eka hI parivAra ke haiN| isake atirikta ina tInoM ko, tIrthakara, balabhadra aura vAsudeva ke rUpa meM presaTha zalAkA-puruSoM meM ginA gayA hai| UparI bhAga meM ur3atI huI mudrA meM cAra deva prAkRtiyoM ko bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| nicale bhAga meM ATha sAdhviyoM kA mUrtana kiyA gayA hai| madhyakAlIna kalAkRtiyoM meM yaha mUrti (citra 79) nissaMdeha eka sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kRti hai jisameM jaina tathA brAhmaNa dharmoM kI paurANika dhAraNAoM ke saphala samanvaya kI abhivyakti kI gayI hai| lakhanaU ke rAjya saMgrahAlaya meM uttara pradeza ke lagabhaga sabhI bhAgoM kI mUrtiyoM kA pratinidhi saMgraha vidyamAna hai| uttara gupta-kAla aura pUrva madhyakAla kI aneka jaina pratimAe~ isa saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM kintu unameM se kucha hI mahattvapUrNa pratIta hotI haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM meM suvidhinAtha kI eka durlabha pratimA hai jisakI pahacAna usake pAdapITha para aMkita matsya-cihna se hotI hai| padamA sana-mudrA meM tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha aMkita haiN| unake nIce yakSa tathA yakSI kI laghu pratimAe~ haiM aura pArzva meM camaradhArI tathA zIrSa para tIna chatroM ke donoM ora vidyAdhara yugala avasthita haiN| chatroM ke Upara sthita nagAr3A devadundubhi kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| yaha pratimA (citra 80 ka)zrAvastI se prApta haI thii| 1 bhaTTAcArya (bI sI). jaina mAikaoNnaoNgrAphI. 1939. lAhaura. . 73 tathA citra 4. 156

Page #267
adhyAya 14 ] uttara bhArata eka aura mUlyavAna nirmiti ke khaNDita bhAga para, jo saMbhavataH mUla rUpa se mathurA ke kisI toraNa-saradala kA bhAga thA, eka devakUlikA utkIrNa hai| usake bhItara eka tIrthakara-pratimA tathA eka pArzva meM makara (citra 80 kha) utkIrNa hai| devakulikA kA zikhara yadyapi sthUla rUpa meM nirmita hai, usakI AkRti bhUmiyoM meM vibhakta tri-ratha tathA zukanAsa se yukta hai, jisameM trikUTa toraNa draSTavya hai| lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM pratIhArakAla kI anya mahattvapUrNa jaina mUrtiyoM meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~, zrAvastI se prApta pArzvanAtha kI pratimA aura AgarA ke nikaTa baTezvara se prApta kucha pratimAe~ haiM, jinameM sarvatobhadrikA pratimAe~ bhI sammilita haiM / ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM uttara bhArata kI jaina pratimAoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika nahIM hai| vahA~ surakSita pratimAoM meM se adhikAMza kauzAMbI se prApta huI haiN| pUrva-madhyakAlIna jaina mUrti-kalA kA eka rocaka udAharaNa hai - jaina parirakSaka yugala jo AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kA hai aura ilAhAbAda jile ke lacchagira nAmaka sthAna se prApta huA hai| balue zilApaTTa para utkIrNa isa mUrti meM azoka vRkSa ke nIce ardhaparyaMkAsana meM virAjamAna deva-deviyoM ko darzAyA gayA hai| azoka vakSa ke madhya meM tane ke ThIka Upara eka choTI-sI tIrthaMkara-pratimA hai| donoM devatAoM ke dAhine hAtha abhayamudrA meM haiN| unake zarIroM para sAmAnya prayoga ke AbhUSaNa haiM aura nicale bhAga meM dhArIdAra dhotI hai| eka devI, jisane yajJopavIta bhI dhAraNa kiyA huA hai, apanI goda meM eka ziza ko liye hae hai| AdhArapaTTa ke Upara chaha pratimAe~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha mUrti, jisapara gupta-kalA-paraMparA kA prabhAva hai, pAMcikA tathA hAritI bauddha pratimAoM ke Adarza para pratirUpita kI gayI hai| anya pratimAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM tathA sarvatobhadrikA pratimA kI kucha pratinidhi mUrtiyA~ sammilita haiN| sarvotkRSTa tIrthakara-mUrti vaha hai jisameM caMdraprabha ko pAraMparika siMhAsana para avasthita kamalapuSpa para AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke nimna, madhya tathA UparI bhAgoM para kramaza: yakSa, yakSI tathA bhaktajana avasthita haiN| kamalapatroM tathA kuTila-patrAvalI se sajjita donoM pAzvoM para meghoM kI viruddha dizA meM ur3ate hue laMbe AkAra ke camaradhAriyoM aura vidyAdharoM ko darzAyA gayA hai| isa mUrti kA kiraNoddIpta vRtta gupta-kAla ke alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| eka aura Asanastha tIrthakara-pratimA zAMtinAtha kI ho sakatI hai| kyoMki isake pAdapITha para paraMparAgata bauddha dharma-pratIka cakra ke donoM ora hariNa aMkita haiN| pAzrvo para utkIrNa anucaroM kI prAkRtiyoM meM camaradhArI, hAthI-savAra aura ur3ate hue vidyAdharoM kI matiyA~ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tIsarI tIrthakara mUrti padmAsana-mudrA meM munisuvrata kI hai| tIrthaMkara-pratimA 157

Page #268
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 ke ThIka nIce eka zraddhAvanata mahilA kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| zailI ke AdhAra para ina sabhI pratimAoM kA kAla-nirdhAraNa nauvIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarvatobhadrikA tathA anya tIrthakarapratimAoM kA kAla-nirdhAraNa dasavIM zatAbdI kiyA gayA hai| sarvatobhadrikA pratimA meM tIrthaMkaroM ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| munIzacandra jozI 1 munisuvrata kI anya pratimAoM ke nIce zraddhAvanata mahilA kI pratimA ke saMdarbha meM draSTavya : mitrA (debalA). AikaoNnaoNgrAphika noTsa. jarnala praoNpha di eziyATika sosAyaTI. 1; 1958; 38-39. ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya kI pratimAoM ke vistRta vivaraNoM ke lie draSTavya : pramodacaMdra. sTona skalpacara ina di ilAhAbAda myUjiyama. 1971 ( ? ). pUnA. 158

Page #269
adhyAya 15 pUrva bhArata pazcima baMgAla baMgAla meM jaina dharma pUrva madhyakAla meM bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharmoM ke sAtha hI sAtha pracalita rhaa| puNDravardhana (uttara baMgAla) aura samataTa (dakSiNa bAMglAdeza) ke saMdarbha meM cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne likhA hai ki ina donoM kSetroM meM digaMbaroM (nigraMthoM) kI bar3I saMkhyA thI, yadyapi bahuta se bauddha saMghArAma aura deva-maMdira bhI the| jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA yadyapi baMgAla meM hanasAMga ke samayoparAMta bhI rahI, kintu usake pazcAt pAThavIM zatI meM jaina gatividhiyoM ke saMketa na to sAhityika zrotoM se milate haiM aura na purAtAttvika zrotoM se / isase kucha loga yaha vizvAsa karate haiM ki bauddha dharma ke prabala samarthaka pAlavaMza ke udaya ke sAtha sAtavIM zatI ke anaMtara baMgAla meM jaina dharma kA hrAsa hone lgaa| yaha kalpanA isa tathya kI dRSTi se ucita nahIM ki nauvIM aura dasavIM zatAbdiyoM meM baMgAla ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM aneka jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa huA aura pASANa tathA kAMsya kI aneka mUrtiyA~ gar3hI gayIM, jabaki bauddha dharma isa pradeza para chAyA huA thaa| nauvIM se gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM taka jaina kalA pUrvI bhArata meM utanI hI utkRSTa aura vividhatApUrNa rahI jitanI bauddha aura brAhmaNa kalAe~ / mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM, dInAjapura jile meM surohora se prApta aura zailIgata vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa dasavIM zatI kI mAnI jAnevAlI RSabhanAtha kI padmAsana-pratimA kA sthAna advitIya hai| isameM gupta-kalA kI garimA aura saumyatA vidyamAna hai (citra 81ka) je. ena. banarjI ne isa pratimA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'eka laghu maMdira ke AkAra meM aMkita isa pratimA meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara apane lAMchana (vRSabha) se aMkita pAdapITha para baddha-padmAsana meM hAthoM ko dhyAna-mudrA meM sthApita karake virAjamAna haiN| zeSa teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI apane-apane lAMchanoM se cihnita aura | majUmadAra (ramezacandra). jainijma ina aiMzyeNTa baMgAla. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jubilI vaoNlyUma. 1968. bambaI. pR 136-37. / bIla (esa). buddhisTa rikArDasa oNpha da vesTarna valrDa. 2. 1884. laMdana . 159

Page #270
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 malanAyaka kI-sI mudrA meM laghutara maMdiroM meM aMkita haiN| inameM se sAta-sAta kI eka-eka paMkti mulanAyaka pratimA ke donoM ora hai aura Upara nau mUrtiyA~ tIna-tIna mUrtiyoM kI tIna samAnAMtara paMktiyoM meM aMkita haiN| ina tIna paMktiyoM ko thor3A Age kI aora prakSipta rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai tAki ve mUlanAyaka pratimA ke lie eka prakAra se chatra kA-sA rUpa de sakeM / isake donoM ora camaradhArI anucara saumya mudrA meM khar3e haiM aura unake jaTAmukuTa ke samAnAMtara mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara yugala meghoM ke paraMparAgata mUrtana ke madhya ur3ate hue dikhAye gaye haiN| kadAcit prAraMbhika pAlayuga kI isa pratimA kI saMpUrNa nirmiti sUkSma kauzala aura surucipUrNa sarasatA se kI gayI hai| aura bhI bahuta-sI utkRSTa jaina mUrtiyAM bAMglAdeza ke uttarI bhAga meM bniiN| inameM ve mUrtiyA~ bhI sammilita haiM jinameM kalpavRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue dampati ko darzAyA gayA hai, jinakI goda meM bAlaka hai aura unake Upara kalpavRkSa kI zAkhAe~ phailI huI haiN| yaha jaina paraMparA ke aMtargata eka zAsana-yakSa yugala hai, aura prajanana-svarUpa kA pratIka hai, usI prakAra jaise bauddha dharma kI mahAyAna zAkhA ke kubera aura hArIti / RSabhanAtha kI eka mUrti (dasavIM zatI) bhI isI kSetra kI hai jo aba kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya ke AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya meM hai / use esa0 ke0 sarasvatI ne rAjazAhI jile ke maNDola se prApta kiyA thA / neminAtha kI yakSI aMbikA' kI eka utkRSTa kAMsya mUrti, 24 paraganA jile ke nalagor3A se haI thii| dhanuSAkAra phaile vakSa ke nIce apanI deha meM AkarSaka prAkaMcana diye aura kaTi para bAlaka ko hAtha se thAme hue devI eka kamalapuSpa para khar3I hai| bAyeM hAtha meM koI puSpa hai| usakI dAyIM ora eka nagna bAlaka khar3A hai| vRkSa ke nIce aMbikA kA cihna siMha aMkita hai| zailI ke AdhAra para yaha mUrti (citra 81 kha) bhI dasavIM zatI kI mAnI jA sakatI hai| teIsa anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha kAyotsarga-madrA meM aMkita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI gyArahavIM zatI kI kAntAbeniyA se prApta mUrti se pramANita hotA hai ki madhyakAla meM isa kSetra meM jaina dharma bahuta lokapriya thaa| jaina martiyA~ pazcima baMgAla ke aura bhI kaI jiloM meM vipula saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiN| bardavAna ke ujanI meM gyArahavIM zatI kI zAntinAtha kI eka durlabha mUrti khoja nikAlI gayI thI, jo aba 1 majUmadAra (ramezacandra), saMpA. hisTrI oNpha baMgAla. khaNDa 1. 1942. DhAkA. pR 464 para jitendranAtha banarjI ke vicAra. [dInAjapura jilA aba do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai, pazcima dInAjapura (pazcima baMgAla, bhArata) aura pUrvI dInAjapura (bAMglAdeza). yaha nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakA ki yaha mUrti ina do jiloM meM se kisa jile kI hai-saMpAdaka] 2 bahI, pR 465. 3 vahI. 4 vahI. 160

Page #271
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata kalakattA ke baMgIya sAhitya pariSad saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / isa pratimA ke pRSThabhAga para navagraha utkIrNa haiM, pA~ca eka ora tathA cAra dUsarI ora / pAdapITha para tIrthaMkara kA lAMchana hariNa aMkita hai / jilA bardavAna ke hI sAta deuliyA meM, kAyotsarga - mudrA meM khar3e aura apane-apane lAMchanoM ke sAtha aMkita RSabhadeva, mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha aura caMdraprabha kI eka caumukhI tathA RSabha, pArzva aura mahAvIra (?) ( jisake nIce kA bhAga TUTa gayA hai) kI alaga-alaga mUrtiyAM milI haiM jinapara cAroM ora vibhinna tIrthakaroM kI sAta laghu AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / usI sthAna se eka advitIya prastara- paTTa prApta huA hai jisapara vRSabha lAMchana sahita RSabhanAtha aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI sAta paMktiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / RSabhanAtha chatratraya ke nIce padmAsana mudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| unake donoM ora eka-eka camaradhArI anucara hai / Upara dundubhi yA karatAla bajAte hue hAtha dikhAye gaye haiM / 2 padmAsanAsIna RSabhanAtha ke nIce sAta paMktiyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI eka sau ar3atAlIsa mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| jaisA ki pI0sI0 dAsaguptA kA mata hai, yaha (citra 82 ka ) kadAcit aSTApada tIrtha kA zilpAMkana hai / 3 isa prastara - paTTa kI prApti se isa mAnyatA ko AdhAra milatA hai ki sAta deuliyA kA maMdira ( citra 82 kha ) bhI mUlataH jaina hai / 4 sAta deuliyA kA IMToM se nirmita maMdira ur3IsA ke maMdiroM kI rekha-zailI kA hai| isakA garbhagRha sIdhA aura laMbAkAra hai aura usapara vakrarekhIya zikhara hai / grAmalaka aura sAmAnya stUpikAe~ bhagna ho cukI haiN| sarasvatI likhate haiM, 'isa maMdira kI dhyAna dene yogya ekamAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki gabhRgRha ke laghukakSa para anekoM ulTe chajje nirmita haiM jo prakSipta kapota kA-sA AkAra grahaNa kara lete haiM jisapara zikhara AraMbha hotA hai| garbhagRha aura zikhara ke agrabhAga sUkSma paTTikAoM meM vibhakta haiM, yaha eka aisI AyojanA hai, jo agrabhAgoM ke rathoM aura pagoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana ke phalasvarUpa huI hogI / isake atirikta garbhagRha kI bhittiyA~ sapATa haiM kintu zikhara para caitya- gavAkSa aura patrAvaliyoM 1 vahI. 2 dAsaguptA (pIsI). e reyara jaina AikaoNna phraoNma sAta deuliyA. jaina jarnala 7 ; 1973 ; 130 tathA paravartI. 3 jaina paraMparA ke anusAra RSabhanAtha ke putra bharata ne usa parvata para sarvaprathama stUpa aura maMdira banavAyA, jisapara unake pitA ne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 'maMdira aura stUpa banavAkara bharata ne parvata kI upatyakA aura adhityakA ke madhya ATha sopAna (aSTApada) banavAye, isase usa parvata kA nAma zraSTApada par3a gayA / yahA~ bhI prathama jaina maMdira kI parikalpanA aMtarnihita hai, jo eka ATha sopAnavAle parvata yA ATha sopAnavAle jiggurAta yA ATha sopAna vAle stUpa ke rUpa meM thIM. zAha ( umAkAMta premAnaMda). sTaDIja ina jaina ghATa. 1955. banArasa. pU 128. 4 bardavAna meM prApta jaina mUrtiyoM meM se RSabhanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura candraprabha kI eka caumukhI aura AdinAtha kI do mUrtiyA~ (lagabhaga dasavIM zatI) ullekhanIya haiM, jo aba kalakattA ke prAzutoSa myUjiyama oNpha iNDiyana ArTa meM saMgRhIta haiM / 161

Page #272
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 kA vipula alaMkaraNa hai| koNa isalie tanika gola se rakhe gaye haiM tAki sAmanevAlI paTTikAoM kI tulanA meM ve aura bhI sundara pratIta hoM, kintu tIkSNa kinAroM ko phira bhI chor3A nahIM gayA hai / / isa yuga kI jaina mUrtiyA~ midanApura jile meM bhI prApta huI haiN| unameM se bArAbhUma meM milI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / aba kalakattA ke bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya meM saMgRhIta yaha mUrti eka caturviMzatikA hai jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI lagha mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| isameM utkRSTa koTi kA kalA-kauzala dikhAyA gayA hai| murti dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI ho sakatI hai| pazcima baMgAla meM bA~kurA jaina kalA kA sarvAdhika urvara kendra rahA pratIta hotA hai| sAmAnya yoga-madrA meM pAsIna aura zIrSa para sapta-phaNAvali se maNDita pArzvanAtha kI vA~kurA jile ke devalabhIrA se prApta mUrti jaina kalA kA eka suMdara udAharaNa hai aura zailI ke AdhAra para ise dasavIM zatI kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha mUrti bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| devalA mitrA ne bA~kurA jile meM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke bahuta se avazeSoM kA anveSaNa kiyA hai / jisake AdhAra para yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha kSetra digaMbara jainoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra thaa| jina sthAnoM kA unhoMne sarvekSaNa kiyA, unameM analikhita grAma sammilita the : kaMgasAvatI aura kumArI ke saMgama para aMbikAnagara; aMbikAnagara ke sAmane ciTagirI; aMbikA nagara ke pUrva meM cAra kilomITara para barakolA; aMbikAnagara ke uttara-pazcima meM tIna kilomITara para parezanAtha; parezanAtha ke sAmane ciyAdA; kaMgasAvatI kA taTavartI keMdanA / aMbikAnagara se prApta jaina avazeSoM meM grAmamaMdira ke bAhara par3A neminAtha kI zAsanadevI aMbikA kI mUrti kA eka khaNDa (spaSTa hai ki devI ke nAmapara isa grAma kA nAmakaraNa huA hai) aura RSabhanAtha kI eka mUrti ullekhanIya haiM / aMbikA kI mati kA yaha avaziSTa khaNDa aba maMdira ke bhItara rakhA hai aura brAhmaNa devI ke rUpa meM usakI pUjA kI jAtI hai| aMbikA devI ke maMdira ke pIche eka bhagna maMdira meM sthApita liMga ke pAsa par3I RSabhanAtha kI mUrti (citra 83 ka) kA kalA-kauzala utkRSTa koTi kA hai| manohara mukhamudrA aura jaTA-mukuTayukta yaha mUrti kAyotsarga-prAsana meM yugala paMkhur3iyoMvAle kamala para khar3I hai, jisake nIce vRSabha cihna aMkita hai| anya mUrtiyoM ke sadRza, isake bhI donoM ora eka-eka anucara hai aura usake majUmadAra, pUrvokta, 1942, pR 500-01 meM sarasvatI ke vicAra [bardavAna vizvavidyAlaya meM saMgrahAlaya aura kalAvIthi ke saMgrahAdhyakSa zrI zailendranAtha sAmanta se hameM isa maMdira kI puna: sUcanA prApta huI hai, unhoMne sAta deuliyA meM 1957 meM unake dvArA khojI gayI mUrtiyoM ke kucha citra bhI bheje, jinameM se kucha yahA~ prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiM --saMpAdaka] 2 banarjI, pUrvokta, pR 465. 3 vahI, pR 464. 4 jarnala oNpha di eziyATika sosAiTI (laTarsa). 24; 1958; 131-34. 162

Page #273
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata mastaka para bahuparNI chatra hai jisake donoM ora eka mAlAdhArI yugala ur3atA dikhAyA gayA hai| chatra ke upara do hastayugala saMgItavAdya bajAte hue aMkita haiN| mUrti ke pIche zilApaTTa para bAraha-bAraha kI paMktiyoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-madrA meM utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| isa maMdira (citra 83 kha) ke viSaya meM mitrA ne likhA hai : 'ur3IsA ke maMdiroM kI bhA~ti usakI bADa ke kaI bhAga haiM--pAbhAga, jaMghA aura baraNDa / eka saMkIrNa maMca (upAna) para nirmita pAbhAga ke sabase nIce ke cAra goToM khurA, kuMbha, khurA aura ulaTe khurA meM se aMta ke do thor3e-thor3e aMtara para banAye gaye haiM aura unapara hRdayAkAra kalA-pratIka aMkita haiN| jaMghA ke uttara-pazcima aura dakSiNa bhAgoM meM chaha bhitti-staMbha nirmita kiye gaye haiN| inameM se tIna madhyavartI prakSepa ke eka ora hai tathA tIna dUsarI ora / aMtima bhitti-staMbha meM eka deva-kUlikA hai, jo pArzva devatAoM ke lie banAyI gayI thI (ve aba usameM nahIM haiN)| zIrSabhAga ke do goToM - khurA aura ulTe khurA - ke atirikta bhitti-staMbhoM kA zeSa bhAga sapATa hai / baraNDa eka prakSipta goTA hai, jisake Upara bADa aura zikhara ko pRthaka karanevAle aMtarAla para goToM kI eka aisI zRMkhalA nirmita hai jo maMdira ke zikhara kA rUpa le letI hai| inameM se aba pA~ca hI goTe zeSa haiN| 'madhyavartI prakSepa kA mukhabhAga (pUrvI) zeSa bhAgoM se adhika moTA hai aura usI meM pravezadvAra hai| dvAra ke Upara pA~ca aprakaTa dharaneM haiM, jinake Upara eka saradala hai, jo madhyavartI prakSepa kI pUrI caur3AI taka phailA huA hai / maMdira kI rUparekhA tri-ratha zailI meM hai| isakA antaHbhAga 4'2" (1.40 varga mITara) vargAkAra hai| bhittiyoM kI moTAI 2' 1" (63 seM. mI.) hai, jisase ki bahirbhAga antaH bhAga kI apekSA dviguNita ho gaye haiN| maMdira ke antaHbhAga meM do zilA-paTToM se nirmita garbhamuda (garbhagRha kA nimnatama vitAna) ke bhItara kI ora bar3hatI haI dharaneM haiN| garbha-mada ke Upara kama se kama eka koTharI aura thI, jisameM praveza ke lie dvAra ke saradala para saMkIrNa pravezamArga banAyA gayA hai|' isa grAma meM uparyukta avazeSoM ke atirikta, isI yuga kI kucha aura khaNDita jaina mUrtiyA~ haiN| aMbikAnagara ke sAmane ciTagiri meM kucha jaina avazeSa haiM, jinameM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e tIrthakara kI eka mUrti bhI hai| isake pAdapITha para aMkita lAMchana hariNa-jaisA pratIta hotA hai, ataeva yaha tIrthakara zAntinAtha kI pratimA ho sakatI hai| aMbikAnagara ke pUrva meM lagabhaga 4 kilomITara dUra sthita barakolA jaina dharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra thA, jaisA ki isa sthAna para vidyamAna avazeSoM se vidita hotA hai| isa sthAna se prApta ullekhanIya avazeSoM meM apanI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM se yukta eka aMbikA kI mUrti hai, jisameM nIce laTakate hue usake 163

Page #274
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I. [ bhAga 4 bAyeM hAtha ko pakar3e eka bAlaka aura kAyotsarga-madrA meM do tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM jinake lAMchana aba aspaSTa ho gaye haiM / tathApi unameM se eka yA to suvidhinAtha kI ho sakatI hai yA ajitanAtha kii| sAmAnyataH caturmukha yA caumukha kahe jAnevAle do laghu maMdira bhI yahA~ dekhe gaye the| unameM se jo adhika surakSita baca gayA hai, usake cAroM aura triparNI toraNAkRtiyoM ke bhItara eka-eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaramUrti utkIrNa hai; unameM se lAMchanoM dvArA pahacAne gaye tIna tIrthaMkara haiM -- RSabhanAtha, candraprabha aura zAntinAtha, kintu cauthe kA lAMchana spaSTa nahIM raha gayA hai| jaisA ki mitrA kA vicAra hai, ye eka hI pASANa se bane maMdira isalie mahattvapUrNa haiM ki inase uttara bhArata kI rekha-zailI ke maMdiroM ke sthApatyasaMbaMdhI AkAra aura lakSaNoM kA parijJAna hotA hai, jinameM laMbAkAra bADa rUparekhA meM pAbhAga ke lie nirmita do goToM ke sAtha eka tri-ratha, tathA kramazaH saMkIrNa hote jAnevAle khurAkAra goToM kI paMkti se bana jAnevAlA paMca-paga zikhara hotA hai aura eka aisI uttuMga belanAkAra grIvA hotI hai, jisapara eka anupAtahIna Amalaka hotA hai / Amalaka ke Upara stUpAkAra zikhara hotA hai|' aMbikAnagara se uttara-pazcima meM tIna kilomITara dUra sthita parezanAtha nAmaka grAma meM pArzvanAtha kA (jinake nAma para isa grAma kA nAmakaraNa huA) maMdira thA, jisakI aba kevala caukI hI zeSa bacI hai| sughar3a aura saumya zilpAMkanayukta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti aba khaNDa-khaNDa ho gayI hai| parezanAtha ke pAsa ciyAdA meM bhI kucha tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM / aMbikAnagara ke uttara meM 11 kilomITara dUra sthita keMdunA eka samaya jaina kalA aura dharma kA unnatizIla kendra rahA, jahA~ aba eka jaina pratiSThAna ke bhagnAvazeSa hI vidyamAna haiN| yaha saMpUrNa kSetra pASANa nirmita eka maMdira ke vAstukhaNDoM se bharA par3A hai| yaha maMdira kadAcit pArzvanAtha kA thA, kyoMki usake pAsa unakI eka suMdara mUrti par3I hai, jisakA Upara kA bhAga TUTa gayA hai| pazcima baMgAla aura bihAra ke sImAvartI jiloM, vizeSataH dhanabAda aura puruliyA ke kaI sthAnoM para jaina maMdira mile haiM, jinameM se bahuta se aba bhagna ho cuke haiN| inameM se ye sthAna vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM : cArA, saMkA, senerA, borama, balarAmapura, palamA, arasA, devalI, pAkabIrA, lAThoMDUgarI aura DulmI / dAmodara, kaMgasAvatI aura suvarNarekhA nadiyoM kI ghATiyoM meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka vikAsa huaa| vahA~ tIrthaMkaroM aura zAsana-devatAoM kI aneka mUrtiyA~ to milI hI haiM, aneka jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSa bhI vidyamAna haiN| puruliyA jile ke devalI grAma meM eka paMcAyatana maMdira-samUha thA (citra 86 k)| isa kSetra se aranAtha kI eka pUrNAkAra mUrti prApta huI thii| devalI ke samIpa hI jorApukura nAmaka sthAna meM bhI aneka jaina murtiyA~ prApta haI thiiN| 1 bAbU choTelAla jana smRti graMtha. 1967. kalakattA. pR 150 tathA paravartI pRSThoM meM esa sI mukharjI ke vicAra. 164

Page #275
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata usI jile meM, jaina maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI dRSTi se pAkabIrA sabhI sthAnoM se adhika samRddha rahA hai / yahA~ prApta mUrtiyA~ aba eka chatarI meM rakhI haiN| inameM mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha, kunthunAtha, neminAtha, zAMtinAtha aura RSabhanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ sammilita haiM aura adhikatara dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI haiM, kintu mahAvIra kI eka mUrti para nauvIM zatI kA choTA-sA abhilekha hai / pAkabIrA se prApta abhilekhAMkita mUrtiyoM meM eka zAMtinAtha (citra 84 ka) kI hai, jo purAlipi-vijJAna ke AdhAra para gyArahavIM zatI kI mAnI jA sakatI hai / kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tIrthaMkara-yugala paMkhur3iyoMvAle kamala para khar3e haiM, jo saptaratha pAdapITha para banA hai, jisake cAroM ora Upara nIce ke kinAre zilpAMkita haiN| lAMchana hariNa pAdapITha ke madhya meM aMkita hai| de ne isa mUrti kA vivaraNa likhA hai| isake pAdapITha para utkIrNa laghu AkRtiyoM meM se eka ko unhoMne zizuoM kA adhiSThAtA deva meSamukha naigameSI aura cAra ko aMjali-mudrA meM AsIna nArI-prAkRtiyA~ mAnA hai| de likhate haiM ki pAdapITha ke nIce bAyIM ora kalaza aura dAyIM ora zivaliMga kA aMkana hai| eka jaina mUrti ke pAdapITha para pratIka ke rUpa meM liMga kA aMkana eka vizeSa bAta hai| sAtha hI, yugala-paMkhur3iyoMvAle kamala para kAyotsarga-mudrA meM RSabhanAtha kI mUrti eka utkRSTa kalAkRti hai| udAtta mukhAkRti sahita zarIra kA samacaturasra saMsthAna, kuzalatA se gUMthA gayA jaTAjUTa aura anya vizeSatAe~ isa mUrti kI bhavyatA meM vRddhi karate haiN| isI kuzalatA se donoM ora eka-eka camaradhArI anucara kA aMkana hai / jaisA ki prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai, isa mUrti ke pichale zilApaTTa ke zIrSabhAga para bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~, donoM ora bAraha-bAraha kI paMkti meM, utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| sAtha meM ur3ate hue gaMdharva aura dudubhi yA karatAla bajAte hue hAtha dikhAye gaye haiN| anucara prAkRtiyoM ke prAbhUSaNoM aura zArIrika sauSThava kI saMyojanA meM kalAkAra kI usa utkRSTa koTi kI pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai jisake dvArA vaha ina prAkRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se mUrtizAstrIya vidhAnoM aura sauMdaryazAstrIya vyAvahArikatA kI saMgati biThA skaa| kalAkAra kI siddhahastatA pArzvanAtha ke mUyaMkana meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai (citra 84 kha) jisakA aba kevala nIce kA bhAga hI zeSa bacA hai, aura jo nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdiyoM kI kRti hai| camaradhAriyoM tathA eka-dUsare ke puccha bhAgoM ko paraspara guthita kiye do, nAgineM mUrtana kI usa parama utkRSTatA kI dyotaka haiM, jo koI kalAkAra tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM ke aMkana meM gupta-kalA kI garimA ke pratibimbana dvArA prastuta kara sakatA thA / pAkabIrA se prApta anya ullekhanIya purAvazeSoM meM dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI RSabhanAtha kI aneka mUrtiyoM ke atirikta eka khar3I aMbikA kI aura eka yakSa kI mUrtiyA~ tathA eka zAMtinAtha kI mUrti ke nIce kA khaNDita bhAga sammilita hai| pazcima baMgAla ke anya jiloM meM bhI pUrva madhyakAla kI jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiN| ur3IsA ur3IsA meM yadyapi pUrvakAla ke jaina purAvazeSa kama haiM, prAraMbhika madhyakAla ke avazeSa bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM upalabdha hae haiN| vicArAdhIna avadhi meM isa dharma kI lokapriyatA ke saMdarbha meM hanasAMga 1 jaina jarnala. 5, 1; 1970; 24-25 meM sudhIna de. 165

Page #276
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [bhAga 4 kA vivaraNa uddhRta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 'nAstikoM meM sarvAdhika saMkhyA nigraMthoM kI hai . . . nigraMtha aura unake anuyAyI nirvastra bhramaNa kiyA karate the, aura apane kezoM ko krUratA se ukhAr3ane, zarIra ko malina rahane dene aura nadI ke taTa para khar3e sUkhe vRkSa kI bhAMti apane pairoM ko kaThora ho jAne dene meM apanI mahattA jatAte hue, ve logoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA karate the| lagabhaga usI avadhi ke zailodbhava rAjA dharmarAja (chaThI/sAtavIM zatAbdI) ke bAnapura-tAmralekha meM unakI rAnI kalyANa devI ke dvArA ekazata-prabuddhacaMdra nAmaka jaina muni ko kucha bhUmi dAna meM diye jAne kA ullekha hai| ur3IsA meM jaina dharma kI digaMbara paraMparA pracalita thii| isa yuga meM ur3IsA ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jaina dharma, kalA aura saMskRti ke pracalana ko siddha karanevAle purAvazeSa vipula mAtrA meM haiN| kAlakramAnusAra, AThavIM zatI meM por3AsiMgiDI eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa jaina kendra rahA / kyoMjhara jile ke AnaMdapura upakhaNDa meM baulA parvatazreNiyoM ke vanoM meM sthita isa sthAna se aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM, jinheM jozI dvArA prakAza meM lAyA gayA hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM advitIya haiM, RSabhanAtha kI abhilekhAMkita padmAsana mUrtiyA~ aura abhilekharahita khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~, ur3IsA meM RSabhanAtha kI pUjA kA vizeSa pracalana rahA pratIta hotA hai| abhilekhAMkita mUrti (citra 85 ka) dhyAna-mudrA meM kamalapuSpayukta pAdapITha para AsIna dikhAyI gayI hai| pAdapITha para vRSabha-cihna aMkita hai / vRSabha ke sAmane dIpaka aMkita kiyA huA pratIta hotA hai aura zraddhAvanata do bhakta karabaddha ghuTanoM ke bala baiThe haiN| Upara, donoM ora eka-eka mAlAdhArI gaMdharva ur3atA dikhAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke zIrSa ke pIche prabhAmaNDala hai| mUrti kA samacaturasra saMsthAna, dhyAna kA saMketa karate ardhanimIlita netra, kuMtala keza, USNISa aura laMbe karNa gupta-kalA kI paraMparA ke haiN| mUrti ke dAyeM hAtha ke pAsa cAra paMktiyoM kA eka choTA-sA abhilekha hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki RSabha-bhaTTAraka kI isa mUrti kA dAna iDhaka ( ? ) ne kiyA thaa| jozI kA vicAra hai ki pAdapITha para vRSabha ke sAmane aMkita bhakta-yugala bharata aura bAhubalI ho sakate haiN| ur3IsA meM abataka prApta mUrtiyoM meM yahI prAcInatama abhilekhAMkita mUrti hai| kAyotsarga-mudrA meM RSabhanAtha kI eka anya mUrti do siMhoM para AdhArita kamalapuSpayukta pAda pITha para sthita hai| pAdapITha ke ThIka nIce lAMchana vRSabha aMkita hai / RSabhanAtha ke donoM ora, utanI hI dakSatA se utkIrNa eka-eka camaradhArI aura hAtha meM mAlA liye hue eka-eka ur3atA hA gaMdharva 1 bIla (esa). lAipha praoNpha hvenasAMga. 1688. laMdana. pR 162./ bIla, pUrvokta, khaNDa 2, 1884, pR 208. 2 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti graMtha. pR 170 para ke esa beharA. 3 jozI (ajuna). e yunIka vRSabha imeja phraoNma por3AsiMgaDI. ur3IsA hisTaoNrikala risarca jarnala . 10,3; 1961, 74 tathA paravartI./ jozI (arjuna). phardara lAiTa oNna da rimensa aoNpha por3AsiMgaDI. vahI. 10, 4; 19623 30 tathA paravartI. 166

Page #277
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata aMkita haiN| mastaka ke Upara chatra hai aura saMgIta-vAdya bajAte hAtha dikhAye gaye haiN| mastaka ke pIche golAkAra prabhAmaNDala hai / isa mUrti meM bhI gupta-kalA ke paraMparAgata lakSaNa hai; yathA, ardhanimIlita netra, laMbe karNa aura kaMdhoM para laharAtI kucha jaTAmoMvAlA jaTAjUTa / zarIra samacaturasra aura saumya hai / zailIgata AdhAra para yaha murti bhI usI avadhi arthAt pAThavIM zatI kI ho sakatI hai jisakI RSabhanAtha kI uparyukta padmAsana-mUrti hai| por3AsiMgaDI meM aba bhI bahuta-sI jaina mUrtiyA~ par3I haiM, jinameM pArzvanAtha, aMbikA Adi kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| isake atirikta, isI sthAna se zrInivAsana bhI pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, aMbikA Adi kI kucha mUrtiyA~ lAye the, jinheM unhoMne pAnaMdapura ke paMcabhavana ke sAmane sImeMTa kI caukiyoM para sthApita karavA diyA hai| bAlAsora jile ke bhadraka relave sTezana ke uttara meM kucha mIla dUrI para sthita caraMpA nauvIMdasavIM zatAbdiyoM meM jaina kalA aura saMskRti kA eka aura mahattvapUrNa kendra rahA, jahA~ kI aneka prAkaSarka jaina mUrtiyoM kI sUcanA milatI hai| unameM se cAra, jo aba rAjya saMgrahAlaya bhuvanezvara meM saMgRhIta haiM, kI apanI hI zailI hai| dAsa ne inake viSaya meM likhA hai| unameM se eka kAyotsarga-mudrA meM sthita RSabhanAtha kI hai, jisake sudara jaTAbhAra kI kucha laTeM kaMdhoM para jhUla rahI haiN| anya aneka mUrtiyoM kI bhA~ti unake eka aora bharata aura dUsarI ora bAhubalI kA aMkana huA hai| sAtha hI isa mUrti meM bhI mastaka ke pIche Upara ur3ate hue gaMdharva dikhAye gaye haiN| mUrti ke pichale zilApaTTa para aSTagraha utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| pAdapITha ke nIce bRSabha-cihna aMkita hai| zeSa tIna mUrtiyoM meM ajitanAtha, zAMtinAtha (citra 85 ka) aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / ina saba kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki inapara gahare kaTAva ke cihna haiN| yaha cihna akAraNa lage hue nahIM ho sakate para inake hone kA abhiprAya vatA pAnA kaThina hai| yaha bahuta saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki ina cihnoM ke dvArA kalAkAra ne yaha darzAne kA prayatna kiyA ho ki tIrthaMkara ko jJAna aura mukti prApta karane ke lie kaisI kaThora sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| dUsarI mUrti padmAsana dhyAna-mudrA meM sthita ajitanAtha kI hai| unake donoM ora nIce ekaeka camaradhArI aura Upara eka-eka mAlAdhArI gaMdharva ur3ate hue dikhAye gaye haiN| mastaka ke Upara chatratraya 1 dAsa (maheza pI). jaina eNTikviTIja phraoNma caraMpA. ur3IsA hisTaoNrikala risarca jarnala. 11, 1; 1962; 50 tathA paravartI. 167

Page #278
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 aura kalpavRkSa haiM / mastaka para keza jaTAjUTa ke rUpa meM prastuta haiN| pAdapITha ke nIce gajacihna aMkita haiN| dAsa ne isa mUrti meM eka ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha batAyI hai ki isameM ajitanAtha ko dhyAnAsana meM dikhAyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina paraMparA ke anusAra unheM aura saMbhavanAtha tathA abhinaMdananAtha ko khar3agAsana meM dikhAyA jAnA caahie| zAMtinAtha kI mUrti bhI dhyAnAsana meM hai| camaradhArI aura gaMdharva usI prakAra prastuta kiye gaye haiM. jisa prakAra ajitanAtha kI mUrti meN| ina donoM tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM kI keza-sajjA bhI eka jaisI hai| zAMtinAtha ke pAdapITha ke nIce unakA lAMchana hariNa utkIrNa hai| caraMpA se prApta aMtima mUrti kAyotsarga-mudrA meM mahAvIra kI hai| isa mUrti kA mukha TUTa-phUTa gayA hai / lAMchana siMha pAdapITha ke donoM konoM para utkIrNa haiN| siMhoM ke mastaka para utkIrNa kamaloM para eka-eka camaradhArI tIrthakara ke donoM ora khar3e haiM / ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya ke surakSita saMgraha meM isa rAjya ke vibhinna bhAgoM se prApta lagabhaga damavIM zatI kI kucha mahattvapUrNa jaina prastara-mUrtiyA~ haiN| unameM bAlAsora jile ke jAlezvara se prApta eka zAMtinAtha kI mUrti, eka caumukha aura eka supArzvanAtha kI mUrti, tigiriyA se prApta mahAvIramUrti kA eka khaNDa, kisI ajJAta sthAna se prApta pArzvanAtha-mUrti aura korApaTa se prApta aMvikAmUrti sammilita hai| supArzvanAtha kI mUrti meM paMca-phaNAvali aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrti meM sapta-phaNAvali paricaya-pratIkoM ke rUpa meM aMkita kiye gaye haiN| isa saMgrahAlaya meM bAnapura se prApta kAMsya mUrtiyoM kA eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa samUha bhI saMgRhIta hai| unameM mukhya haiM (1) AmravRkSa ke nIce baiThI, goda meM bAlaka ko liye aMbikA, (2) vRkSa kI zAkhA ko pakar3akara khar3I azokA yA mAnavI jisake pAsana para rIcha aMkita hai, (3) sapta-phaNAvaliyukta pArzvanAtha, (4) sarpa-lAMchana se aMkita pAdapITha para khar3e pArzvanAtha aura (5) kamala-pUSpayukta pAdapITha para kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e AdinAtha kI suMdara mUrti / isa samUha meM prAdinAtha kI mUrti utkRSTa kalA-kauzala kA eka udAharaNa hai jisakA suMdara jaTAbhAra, zAMta mukhamudrA aura zarIra kA saumya gaThana ullekhanIya hai / usapara utkIrNa eka abhilekha ke anusAra vaha kisI zrIkara kA upahAra hai| vAnapura-samUha kI mUrtiyoM meM jo dakSatApUrNa kalA-kauzala hai usakI tulanA nAlaMdA aura kRkihAra kI mUrtiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unapara abataka kisI ne yathocita prakAza nahIM DAlA hai| durbhAgya se unake acche citra yahA~ pradarzana ke lie prApta nahIM kiye jA ske| madhyakAla meM khaNDagiri ur3isA meM jaina kalA kA kadAcit sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kendra rahA hai| yahA~, muniyoM ke AvAsa ke lie bahuta pahale kATI gayI kucha guphAoM ko (adhyAya 7) alaga se lAkara 168

Page #279
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata (ka) surohora - tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha (kha) nAlagor3A - ambikA yakSI, kAMsya mUti citra 81 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #280
vAstu-smAraka eva mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) sAta deuliyA - aSTApada-tIrtha SYA SSY . NE (kha) sAta deuliyA - maMdira citra 82

Page #281
adhyAya 15 ] (kha) ambikAnagara mandira (ka) ambikAnagara citra 83 tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha pUrva bhArata

Page #282
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) pAkabIrA - tIrthakara zAntinAtha, adho bhAga (kha) pAkabIrA - tIrthakara pArzvanAtha, adho bhAga citra 84

Page #283
pUrva bhArata adhyAya 15] (ka) poDAsiMgiDI - tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha 45 ragha (kha) carampA - tIrthakara zAntinAtha (bhuvanezvara saMgrahAlaya) citra 85 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #284
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 khaNDagiri guphA saM0 8, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha, adhobhAga meM aMkita yakSiyAM citra 86 [ bhAga 4

Page #285
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata N khaNDagiri - guphA saM0 8, tIrthaMkara abhinandananAtha aura sambhavanAtha, adhobhAga meM aMkita yakSiyA~ citra 87

Page #286
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [bhAga 4 - mayUrabhaMja - tIrthakara RSabhanAtha (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) citra 88

Page #287
adhyAya 151 pUrva bhArata (ka) devalI - paMcAyatana maMdira (kha) rAjagiri - vaibhAra parvata sthita maMdira citra 89 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #288
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) rAjagiri - bahurupiNI yakSI ke sAtha tIrthakara munisuvrata (kha) rAjagiri - vaibhAra parvata para tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha citra 90

Page #289
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata (ka) bihAra - ambikA yakSI (nAhara saMgraha) (kha) bihAra - yakSo, kAMsya mUti (rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya) citra 91

Page #290
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) bihAra - tIrthaMkara candraprabha (bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya) (kha) sUraja pahAr3a - zailotkIrNa tIrthaMkara citra 92

Page #291
pradhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata rakhI gayI yA vahIM kI zailabhittiyoM para utkIrNa kI gayI mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA dvArA guphA-maMdira kA rUpa diyA gyaa| aisI eka guphA (guphA saM0 7, navamuni) ke barAmade ke saradala para bhItara kI ora somavaMzI zAsaka udyotakesarI (gyArahavIM zatI) kA eka abhilekha hai; usameM dezi-gaNa ke kulacandra ke ziSya muni khalla zubhacandra kA ullekha hai| mUrtiyoM kI samRddha saMpadA ke kAraNa isa guphA kA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| pIche kI bhitti para eka hI paMkti meM sthUla ubhAra meM utkIrNa sAta tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~ aura nIce eka paMkti meM utkIrNa una sAtoM kI zAsanadeviyA~ kalAgata aura pratimAzAstrIya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa dhyAna dene yogya haiN| yahA~ utkIrNa tIrthaMkara aura unakI zAsanadeviyA~ agralikhita haiM : RSabhadeva aura cakrezvarI; ajitanAtha aura rohiNI; saMbhavanAtha aura prajJapti; abhinaMdana aura vajrazraMkhalA; vAsupUjya aura gAMdhArI; pArzvanAtha aura padmAvatI tathA neminAtha aura AmrA / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki zAsanadeviyoM kI paMkti ke prAraMbha meM gaNeza kI eka mUrti isake atirikta dAyIM bhitti para RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI digaMbara mUrtiyA~ haiN| ve pUrNa ubhAra ke zilpAMkanoM meM haiM aura unake sAtha zAsanadeviyA~ nahIM haiN| ina tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM meM sabhI paraMparAgata lakSaNa haiM; yathA, chatratraya, donoM ora karatAla bajAte hasta-yugala aura camaradhArI anucara / kintu unameM se kisI ke bhI pIche prabhAmaNDala aura vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna nahIM hai / kezavinyAsa bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hai| suMdara AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta zAsanadeviyA~ dhotI aura pAradarzI dupaTTe dhAraNa kiye hae haiM jo unake zarIra ke UparI bhAga aura bAyeM kaMdhoM ko DhaMkate haiN| kuzalatA se utkIrNa kI gayI ye mUrtiyA~ dasavIM / gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI ho sakatI haiN| isake pAsa kI guphA saM0 8 (bArabhujI) vAstava meM mUrtiyoM kA eka vividhatApUrNa koSAgAra hai, jo pUrvokta guphA se kucha paravartI avadhi kI ho sakatI hai| isa guphA kA nAma bArabhujI isalie par3A ki usake barAmade kI pArzva-bhittiyoM para do bAraha bhujAoMvAlI zAsanadeviyA~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiM, inameM se eka RSabhanAtha kI cakrezvarI aura dUsarI ajitanAtha kI rohiNI hai| garbhagRha kI bhittiyoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI paccIsa mUrtiyA~ aura eka samUha meM unakI zAsanadeviyA~ utkIrNa haiM (citra 86 aura 87), inameM se pIche kI bhitti para pArzvanAtha kI eka atirikta mUrti utkIrNa hai, para usake sAtha zAsanadevI nahIM hai| isa samUha meM kucha tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana zAstrokta lAMchanoM se bhinna haiM aura kisI bhI mUrti ke vakSa para zrIvatsa-cihna nahIM hai| pracuratA se alaMkRta zAsanadeviyA~ saMbaddha tIrthaMkaroM ke nIce 1 mitrA (debalA). udayagiri eNDa khaNDagiri. 1960. nayI dillI, pR 53 tathA paravartI./ beharA, pUrvokta, pR 170. 169

Page #292
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 utkIrNa haiM, unameM se kucha apane pazu vAhanoM para ArUr3ha dikhAI gayI haiM / mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha draSTavya hai ki bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata kI zAsanadevI bahurUpiNI zayyAsIna hai / 1 khaNDagiri kI adhikAMza guphAoM meM guphA saM0 8 se Age kI guphAe~ saM0 6 ( trizUla, sAtabA yA mahAvIra jaise vividha nAmoM se prasiddha ), 10, 11 ( lalATendu kesarI, jisameM udyotakesarI kA abhilekha hai) aura 12 se 15 bar3I mAtrA meM utkhanana ke kAraNa atyadhika kSatigrasta huI haiM / pariNAmasvarUpa unakI mUla rUparekhA hI naSTa ho gayI hai aura unameM se kucha kI mUrtiyoM ko aba bahuta nicale stara se khar3e hokara hI dekhA jA sakatA hai / gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI ye tIrthaMkara - mUrtiyA~ aura unake kucha samaya uparAMta kI zAsanadeviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / guphA saM0 e meM RSabhanAtha kI harita pASANa se nirmita tIna khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~ rakhI haiM, jo nizcita rUpa se kisI anya sthAna se lAkara pAdapIThoM para rakhI gayI haiM / ve usa samaya kI haiM, jaba ur3IsA meM mUrtinirmANa ke lie harita pASANa kA upayoga bahuta acchA mAnA jAtA thA / isake pazcAt, mayUrabhaMja kSetra aura kucha anya sthAnoM se prApta jaina mUrtiyoM kI ora dhyAna dilAyA jA sakatA hai, jinameM se kucha vyaktigata saMgrahoM meM bhI haiM / kucha samaya pUrva rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ne mayUrabhaMja kI eka nauvIM dasavIM zatAbdiyoM kI suMdara tIrthaMkara - mUrti ( citra 88 ) prApta kI hai| Ara0 pI0 mahApAtra ne 12 janavarI 1670 ke ur3iyA dainika 'mAtRbhUmi' meM kaTaka jile ke jaipura upakhaNDa ke haTADIhA se prApta RRSabhanAtha kI eka mUrti kA vivaraNa prakAzita kiyA hai| jaisA ki lekhaka kA sujhAva hai, yaha mUrti dasavIM zatI kI hai / isa mUrti meM RSabhanAtha kI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ haiN| pRSThabhAga para bAraha bAraha kI do paMktiyoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaramUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / caudharI bAjAra, kaTaka ke digaMbara jaina maMdira meM lagabhaga paccIsa jaina mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinameM se adhikatara pASANa kI haiM / unameM se chaha ko zAhU ne prakAzita karAyA hai / 2 kucha zilAphalakoM ke pratirikta ye mUrtiyA~ mukhyataH RSabhanAtha, candraprabha, zAntinAtha, supArzvanAtha, pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI haiM / unameM se kucha dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI haiM, para kucha usake bAda kI arthAt bArahavIM zatI yA usase bhI paravartI kAla kI haiM / 1 isa guphA tathA anya guphAoM ke lie draSTavya : mitrA, pUrvokta, 1960, pR.54 tathA paravartI / zayyAsIna bahurUpiNI ke lie draSTavya hai mitrA ke ukta lekha ke pR 165 para pAdaTippaNI saM0 3. 2 zAhU ( ela ena ). jainijma ina ur3IsA jaba yaha lekhaka 13 aktUbara 1972 ko isa maMdira meM gayA to use digaMbara muni nemicandrajI se milane kA saubhAgya milA, jo vahA~ apanA cAturmAsa vyatIta kara rahe the. lekhaka ke kArya meM munijI ne gaharI abhiruci lI aura mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana meM pUrA sahayoga diyA. 170

Page #293
adhyAya 15] pUrva bhArata kucha varSa pUrva pArzvanAtha kI eka, aura RSabhanAtha kI do mUrtiyA~ mahAnadI kI sahAyaka kaTajhurI nadI meM milI thiiN| unameM se eka lApatA hai aura do kaTaka se 10 kilomITara dUra sthita pratApanagara ke eka bAbAjI ke saMrakSaNa meM haiN|| mUrtikalA ke mAdhyama se jJAtavya AdyetihAsa kAla se uttara-madhyakAla taka ur3IsA kA itihAsa mahattvapUrNa hai / isa adhyAya meM varNita pUrva-madhyakAla kI carcA karate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki AThavIMnauvIM zatAbdiyoM taka jaina aura jainetara matoM kI mUrtiyoM para gupta-zailI kA prabhAva banA rahA / paravartI zatAbdiyoM meM sthAnIya zailiyoM kA prabhAva rahA, jisase ki terahavIM zatI ke pazcAt zailI ke stara meM hrAsa prAraMbha ho gyaa| bihAra sAtavIM zatI meM hanasAMga ne apane bihAra-bhramaNa ke samaya rAjagira meM jaina aura bauddha donoM dharmoM kI samRddhi dekhI thii| usane yaha bhI dekhA ki rAjagira sthita bahata-se digaMbara tapasvI apanI 'municaryA' kA pAlana sUryodaya se sUryAsta taka kiyA karate the| rAjagira meM jainoM kA sarvAdhika pavitra sthAna vaibhAra pahAr3I hai, jisakI adhityakA para eka prAcIna jaina maMdira ke avazeSa vidyamAna haiM (citra 86 kha) / avaziSTa maMdira meM eka madhyavartI kakSa hai, jisake cAroM ora koThariyoM sahita barAmadA hai| madhyavartI kakSa aura koThariyoM meM mUrtiyoM ke lie devakUlikAe~ banI huI thiiN| caMdragupta-dvitIya ke samaya kI neminAtha kI mUrti (pR 128) ke atirikta, RSabhanAtha kI padmAsana mUrti (citra 60 kha) vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / isa tIrthakara-mUrti meM jaTA-mukuTa dikhAyA gayA hai / mUrti ke pAdapITha para do vRSabha aura eka dharma-cakra aMkita hai| yaha mUrti atyaMta mahattva kI hai, kyoMki usake pAdapITha para utkIrNa eka abhilekha kI purAlipi se usake nirmANakAla ke nirdhAraNa meM sahAyatA milatI hai / AThavIM zatI kI kIla-zIrSa lipi meM utkIrNa isa abhilekha kA pATha isa prakAra hai : prAcArya-vasantanandir (no) dedharmo=yaH (dayA-dharmo yama), jisakA artha hai ki yaha mUrti muni 1 isa lekhaka ko yaha sUcanA usake kaTaka-pravAsa ke samaya prApta huii| 2 bIla, pUrvokta, 1884, pR 149. 3 kuraizI (ema eca) tathA ghoSa (amalAnanda). rAjagira. 1958. nayI dillI. pu 16-17. [maMdirakA nirmANakAla anizcita hai| IToM se bane isa maMdira kA upayoga prAraMbhika gupta-kAla se ( 129) se pAThavIM zatI taka ke vibhinna yugoM kI mUrtiyoM ke saMgraha ke lie kiyA jAtA thA-saMpAdaka] 171

Page #294
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I. [ bhAga 4 vasantanandI kA puNya upahAra hai| caMdA ne likhA hai : 'yaha mUrti jise AThavIM zatI kI mUrti mAnA jA sakatA hai, pUrvI bhArata meM gupta-kalA se uttara-madhyakAlIna yA pAla-kalA meM saMkramaNa ko vyakta karatI hai / saMkramaNa kA eka bahuta hI spaSTa lakSaNa hai pAdapITha, jisapara Upara kI ora vikAsamAna kamalapaMkhur3iyoM kI eka paMkti kA aMkana hai| gupta-kAla kI AsIna mUrtiyoM meM kamala kA koI sthAna nahIM thA, jabaki uttara-madhyakAlIna mUrtiyoM para yugala paMktiyoMvAlI kamala kI paMkhur3iyoM se alaMkaraNa hone lgaa| UparI paMkti kI paMkhur3iyA~ Upara kI ora aura nicalI paMkti kI nIce kI ora mur3I hotI haiN| isa mUrti kI kucha vizeSatAe~, jaise talue aura hatheliyA~ svAbhAvikatA kI ora eka naye jhukAva kA saMketa karatI haiN| zarIra-racanA kI dRSTi se adhika yuktisaMgata hote hue bhI uttara-madhyakAlIna mUrtiyoM meM guptakAlIna mUrtiyoM ke bhAva-vistAra aura bhAva-gAMbhIrya kI kamI hai| RSabhanAtha kI isa mUrti ke aMga sthUla haiM / aMkana kI yaha sthUlatA kohaniyoM ke nukIle koNoM se aura bhI bar3hI huI dikhatI hai / maMdira ke madhyavartI kakSa ke cAroM ora banI koThariyoM meM jo matiyA~ haiM, unameM pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, azva-cihnAMkita pAdapITha para dhyAnastha saMbhavanAtha aura vRkSa kI zAkhA ke nIce bAlakasahita eka jaina-dampati Adi kI matiyA~ haiN| udayagiri pahAr3I para nirmita eka Adhunika jaina maMdira meM caMdA ne pArzvanAtha kI eka padamAsana mati dekhI thii| pAdapITha ke nicale bhAga para utkIrNa akSaroM ke avazeSoM ke AdhAra para yaha mati nauvIM zatI kI mAnI jA sakatI hai| caMdA kA kathana hai ki 'isa mUrti meM kucha advitIya vizeSatAe~ haiN| yadyapi kuzalatA se gar3hI gayI mukhAkRti se yaha eka dhyAnastha yogI kI mUrti pratIta hotI hai, kintu sugaThita aura puSTa zarIra kI dRSTi se vaha yogI kI apekSA malla kI mUrti adhika jAna par3atI hai| pAdapITha para padmAsanastha pArzvanAtha ke zarIra se lipaTe hue saptaphaNa nAga kI zarIra-racanA uccakoTi ke AlaMkArika prabhAva kI sRSTi karatI hai| jisa mUrtikAra ne yaha mUrti gar3hI vaha eka sAhasI parivartanakartA rahA hogaa| rAjagira se hI prApta lagabhaga usI samaya kI eka aura AkarSaka mUrti munisuvrata kI hai jisameM unakI zAsanadevI bahurUpiNI pAdapITha ke nIce eka zayyA para leTI huI dikhAyI gayI hai (citra 90 k)| yaha mUrti vaibhAra maMdira meM sthApita hai| aisI hI kucha aura bhI mUrtiyoM kA paricaya hameM prApta hai| unameM se eka kalakattA ke zrI vijayasiMha nAhara ke saMgraha meM hai, aura dUsarI khaNDagiri kI guphA 1 AyaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA. enuala riporTa, 1925-26. 1928. kalakattA. pR 126 para rAmaprasAda caMdA kA mata. / kuraizI tathA ghoSa, pUrvokta, pR 18. 2 caMdA, pUrvokta, pR 126. 3 vahI, pR 127. 4 jarnala praoNpha di eziyATika sosAyaTI. 1; 1959 ; 38-39 meM debalA mitrA. 5 isa mUrti kA prAptisthAna ajJAta hai, kintu zailI kI dRSTi se yaha bihAra kalA-zailI kI hai / maiM atyanta AbhArI hU~zrI 172

Page #295
adhyAya 15 ] pUrva bhArata saM08 meM hai jisakA ullekha pahale (1 166)kiyA jA cukA hai / yaha samajhanA kaThina hai ki bahurUpiNI ko leTI haI sthiti meM kyoM dikhAyA gayA hai (jo hameM mAyA kI usa samaya kI sthiti kA smaraNa dilAtI hai jaba usane svapna meM bodhisatva ko eka zveta gaja ke rUpa meM apane garbha meM praveza karate dekhA thA) jabaki anya zAsanadeviyA~ pAsIna-mudrA meM dikhAI gayI haiN| kalakattA ke nAhara-saMgraha meM hI bihAra se prApta kucha mUrtiyA~ aura bhI haiN| inameM se eka ke UparI bhAga meM padmAsana dhyAna-mudrA meM tIrthakara-mUrti hai aura nicale bhAga meM eka vRkSa kI zAkhAoM ke nIce eka yugala AsIna hai / nArI-mUrti kI goda meM eka bAlaka baiThA dikhAyA gayA hai| eka anya hai-tIrthaMkara mati kA UparI khaNDa, jise lagabhaga nauvIM zatI kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa saMgraha kI eka prArsa aMbikA bhI bihAra se prApta huI pratIta hotI hai aura zailI kI dRSTi se nauvIM / dasavIM zatAbdI kI pratIta hotI hai (citra 61 k)| lagabhaga isI yuga kI aMbikA kI eka sudara kAMsya mUrti rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM kucha samaya pUrva upalabdha kI gayI hai| isakA kalA-kauzala nAlaMdA kA hai (citra61 kh)| mArca 1974 meM dhanabAda jile ke alupArA meM untIsa kAMsya mUrtiyAM khojI gayIM jinameM se sattAIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI haiM, ve aba paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM saMgRhIta haiM / isa samUha kI adhikAMza tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke lalATa para UrNA kA aMkana hai / tIrthaMkaroM kI khaDgAsana mUrtiyoM meM hatheliyA~ aura a~guliyA~ zarIra kA sparza karatI haiM / ina mUrtiyoM ke pAdapIThoM para vibhinna prakAra kI paTTikAnoM ke mile-jule alaMkaraNa haiN| sabhI para lAMchana aMkita haiM jinake kAraNa RSabhadeva, candraprabha, ajitanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthanAtha, pAzvanAtha, neminAtha, mahAvIra aura aMbikA kI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai| unameM se kucha ko zailI ke AdhAra para prAraMbhika gyArahavIM zatI kI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM mAnabhUma se prApta AdinAtha kI eka kAMsya mUrti ullekhanIya hai, jo aba kalakattA ke prAzutoSa myUjiyama oNpha iNDiyana ArTa meM surakSita hai| isake sAtha hI, yahA~ nAlaMdA ke purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM saMgRhIta phaNAvaliyukta nArI kI pASANa-mUrti ullekhanIya hai, jise saMdehavaza vijayasiMha nAhara kA jinhoMne atyanta kRpApUrvaka mujhe apane saMgraha kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana karane aura unake citra lene kI anumati pradAna kii| [mitrA, vahI, 1959. zrImatI mitrA ne samucita kAraNa dekara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki isa leTI huI nArI kA tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke rUpa meM samIkaraNa tarkasaMgata nahIM hai - saMpAdaka] 2 [purAnA mAnabhUma jilA aba do jiloM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai, dhanabAda (bihAra meM) aura puruliyA (pazcima baMgAla meN)| yaha jJAta karanA saMbhava na ho sakA ki yaha kAMsya mUrti ina do meM se kisa jile se prApta huI. - saMpAdaka 173

Page #296
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 jaina yakSI padmAvatI kaha diyA gayA hai (jisakA brAhmaNa pratirUpa manasA hai)| yaha nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdiyoM kI ho sakatI hai| isI kAla kI bihAra se prApta anya ullekhanIya mUrtiyoM meM candraprabha kI eka prastara-mUrti (citra 12 ka) hai jo aba bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya meM saMgRhIta hai / isa avadhi meM jaina dharma aura kalA kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra siMhabhUma jile meM bhI thA, jaisA ki veNIsAgara meM vidyamAna purAvazeSoM se nizcita hotA hai; jinheM beglara ne sAtavIM zatI kA mAnA hai, tathApi, veNIsAgara ke purAvazeSoM kA sarvekSaNa naye sire se kiyA jAnA caahie| madhyakAla meM aAsAma meM jaina dharma kama hI pracalita rahA pratIta hotA hai| tathApi gvAlapAr3A jile meM sUraja pahAr3a para sthita guphAoM ke bhItara utkIrNa jaina mUrtiyA~ (citra 62 kha) isa saMdarbha meM mahattvapUrNa haiN| priyatoSa banarjI 2 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 17. jaina deviyoM meM padmAvatI eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa devI hai| zAsana devI se eka svataMtra debI ke rUpa meM usake vyaktitva kA vikAsa ullekhanIya hai| 3 pArka yaoNlaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA riporTa sa. 13. saMpA : je DI beglara. 1882. kalakattA.pR 69-71. [jaba isa graMtha kA saMpAdaka 1937 meM veNIsAgara gayA taba use vahA~ thor3I-sI brAhmaNya mUrtiyA~ hI milIM.- saMpAdaka] 174

Page #297
adhyAya 16 madhya bhArata madhya bhArata meM pUrva-madhyakAlIna kalA-kRtiyA~ bArahaveM adhyAya meM nimnalikhita sAmagrI kA vivecana pA cukA hai : (1) guptakAlIna udayagiri kI jaina guphA aura usakI tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~; (2) vidizA ke nikaTavartI durjanapura se hAla hI meM upalabdha mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta ke zAsana-kAla kI abhilekhAMkita jaina pratimAe~; tathA (3) vidizA se prApta uttara-gaptakAlIna eka kAyotsarga tiirthNkr-prtimaa| vidizA kI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara-pratimA madhya bhArata kI gupta-kAlIna mUrti-nirmANa-kalA ke uttarottara vikAsa ko pradarzita karatI hai| yadyapi besanagara meM tatsaMbaMdhI kisI jaina maMdira kA avazeSa upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi vidizA ke samIpavartI kuNDalapura (jilA damoha) ke jaina maMdira-samUha se pUrvokta kalA-paraMparA ke jaina maMdiroM ke vAstuzilpa kA bhalIbhA~ti anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / pUrvagupta-kAlIna maMdira-zailI kI paraMparA ko Age le jAnevAle ye maMdira caukora pattharoM se nirmita samatala zikhara haiM jinakI AyojanA meM mAtra eka vargAkAra garbhagRha tathA kama U~ce sAdA vedI-baMndha sI) para nirmita makhamaNDapa hai (citra 13 ka) / gapta-kAlIna kRtiyoM ke viparIta ina maMdiroM ke mukhamaNDapoM meM bhArI caukora staMbhoM kA upayoga huA hai / staMbhoM ke nicale bhAga ghaTa-pallava prAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta haiM tathA unake zIrSabhAga meM sAde ghumAvadAra Tor3e lage hue haiN| isa prakAra ke sAde staMbhoM tathA dvAra-zAkhAoM se yukta ye maMdira AThavIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke nahIM haiN| kUNDalapura sthita bar3e bAbA meM tIrthaMkaroM aura yakSiyoM (citra 63 kha tathA 64) kI pRthaka par3I huI mUrtiyA~ bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM milI haiM jinameM kucha hI pratimAe~ mUrti-vijJAna kI dRSTi se mUlyavAna haiM, kintu haiM sabhI sthUla aura apariSkRta / 175

Page #298
bAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 satanA jile meM pithaurA kA patiyAnI devI kA jaina maMdira (citra 65 ka), jisakA racanAkAla san 600 ke lagabhaga nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai, itane paravartI kAla taka meM samatala zikharayukta maMdiroM kI paraMparA ke avichinna pracalana kA pramANa prastuta karatA hai| isa maMdira ke tri-zAkhadvAra kI staMbha-zAkhAe~ utkIrNa padma-patrAvaliyoM se alaMkRta haiN| ina staMbha-zAkhAoM para AdhRta uttarAMga tIna rathikAnoM meM sthApita tIrthaMkaroM kI padmAsana pratimAoM (citra 65 kha) dvArA alaMkRta haiN| staMbha-zAkhA ke nicale bhAga para gaMgA tathA yamunA atibhaMga-mudrA meM aMkita haiM, jinake pArzva meM yakSadvArapAla haiM jo apane hAthoM meM gadA aura sarpa ke apane vizeSa lAkSaNika upakaraNoM ko dhAraNa kiye hue haiN|1 (citra 66) / satanA jile se bhI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI eka padmAsana pratimA upalabdha huI hai jo isa samaya rAmabana sthita tulasI-Azrama-saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| pArzvanAtha kI isa pratimA ke pArzva meM camaradhArI iMdra aura upeMdra ko AkarSaka tri-bhaMga-mudrA meM khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai / tIrthakara-mUrti kA sugaThita rUpAMkana-mukhamaNDapa para dhyAnastha zAMta bhAva tathA AdhyAtmika dIpti kA vikiraNa, aura deva-anucaroM kI komala-kamanIya mudrA kA aMkana yaha batAtA hai ki yaha pratimA gupta-kAlIna kalAparaMparA ke preraNA-zrota ke nikaTa hai, aura isakA racanAkAla lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI pratIta hotA hai| sIrA pahAr3I se prApta jaina pratimAoM kA ullekha adhyAya 12 meM kiyA jA cukA hai| sIrA pahAr3I ke hI nikaTa sthita nacanA se bhI lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI kI tIna tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ upalabdha haI haiM jinameM do AdinAtha kI padmAsana pratimAe~ aura eka pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimA hai / nacanA gupta aura prAraMbhika pratIhArakAlIna brAhmaNya maMdiroM ke lie vikhyAta hai| jabalapura ke nikaTavartI kSetra tathA tevara (prAcIna tripurI) se bhI, lagabhaga nauvIM se gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM taka kI aneka jaina pratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiN| inameM se ati-alaMkRta parikarayukta tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha kI padmAsana pratimA (citra 67 ka) lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI kI kalacuri mUrtikalA kI eka ullekhanIya kRti hai| yaha pratimA isa samaya nAgapura ke keMdrIya saMgrahAlaya meM hai| isI prakAra ke gaThana aura kalAtmaka aMkana ke lie vikhyAta eka dUsarI ullekhanIya pratimA padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI hai jo tripurI se upalabdha huI hai aura isa samaya kalakattA ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM 1 [patiyAnI devI maMdira kI vizada rUpa se utkIrNa aMbikA kI eka pratimA ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM hai (pramoda candra. sTona skalpacara ina di ilAhAbAda myUjiyama. 1971 (?). pUnA. pR 162). isa caturbhujI devI kI cAroM bhujAeM khaNDita ho cukI haiN| devI karaNDa-mukuTa dhAraNa kiye hue hai| isakA prabhAmaNDala cakrAkAra kamala se suzobhita hai| devI ke pArzva meM do yuvaka haiM, pairoM ke pAsa bhakta nara-nArI haiM, jinake pArzva meM do caturbhujI deviyA~ haiM / bAyIM aura kI devI ko prajApati (prajJApati?) aura dAyIM ora vAlI ko vajrazaMkhalA (vajradaMkhalA ?) likhA gayA hai| pArzva kI kSudra-rathikAnoM para utkIrNa anucara deviyA~ nAmAMkita haiN| isa pratimA kA kAla gyArahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai - saMpAdaka] 176

Page #299
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata hai| [tripUrI meM Aja bhI tIrthaMkaroM (citra 97 kha) tathA yakSiyoM kI aneka pratimAe~ par3I haI haiN| inameM eka tIna yakSiyoM kA pratimA-samUha (citra 8 ka) bhI hai jisake pAdapITha para kisI vIranaMdI kA abhilekha lagabhaga nauvIM zatAbdI kI lipi meM utkIrNa hai--saMpAdaka] nAgapura saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita rAjanapura-khikhinI se upalabdha jaina pratimA-samUha meM sarasvatI kI eka nauvIM zatAbdI kI mUrti hai jisameM unake stana asaMgata rUpa se bar3e haiM / mUrti meM vilakSaNa kaThoratA hai| isa pratimA-samUha meM nauvIM zatAbdI kI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha evaM zAntinAtha kI do kAyotsarga pratimAeM bhI haiM jinapara gaMga-kalA-zailI kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai| mAlavA kSetra ke devAsa jile meM gaMdhAvala lagabhaga nauvIM zatAbdI kI kalAtmaka rUpa se utkRSTa pratimAoM (citra 18 kha) kA viziSTa kendra hai| tIrthaMkara kI eka vizAla kAyotsarga pratimA bhI prApta huI hai, jisake pArzva meM iMdra aura upeMdra camaradhArI ke rUpa meM aMkita haiN| isake atirikta yahA~ se tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha, sumatinAtha evaM suvidhinAtha tathA vidyA-deviyoM aura yakSa-yakSiyoM kI pratimAe~ bhI prApta huI haiN| rAyapura saMgrahAlaya meM sahasrakUTa kI eka ullekhanIya caumukhI mUrti pradarzita hai| isameM pA~ca stara haiM / pratyeka stara meM tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAmaNDalayukta padmAsana pratimAe~ paMktibaddha haiM (citra 66) / jaina prabaMdhoM ke anusAra grAma nAmaka nareza ne, jo nauvIM zatAbdI meM kannauja aura gvAliyara para zAsana karatA thA, kannauja meM eka maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jo 100 hAtha U~cA thA aura jisameM usane tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI svarNapratimA sthApita karAyI thii| usane gvAliyara meM 23 hAtha U~cI mahAvIra kI pratimA bhI sthApita kI thii| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki usane mathurA, anahilavAr3a, moDherA Adi meM bhI jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA / jaina paraMparAoM meM ullikhita nareza prAma pratIhAra nAgabhaTa-dvitIya (mRtyu 883 I0) rahe hoMge jo jaina dharma ke prati apanI AsthA ke lie prasiddha rahe haiN| isa jaina paraMparA kI satyatA ina sthAnoM se prApta prAraMbhika madhyakAlIna jaina avazeSoM dvArA pramANita hotI hai| tomarakAlIna zailotkIrNa vizAla jaina pratimA ke lie prasiddha gvAliyara ke kile meM aMbikA yakSI aura gomedha yakSa kI zailotkIrNa saparikara pratimAeM upalabdha haiM / lalitAsana meM baiThI aMbikA ke pArzva meM unakI sevikAe~ haiN| ina pratimAoM kA nirmANakAla lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita 1 zAha (yU pI). sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa. 1955. banArasa. citra 42. 2 majUmadAra (Ara sI) tathA pusAlakara (e DI), saMpA. eja praoNpha iMpIriyala kannoja. 1955. bambaI. pR 289. 177

Page #300
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 kiyA jAtA hai| ye pratimAe~ bhArI AkAra aura racanA-sauSThava ke lie vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM, tathA kuSANa evaM gupta-kAlIna pAMcika aura hArIti pratimAoM ke samanUrUpa haiN| aMbikA yakSI kI mukhAkRti aNDAkAra hai, netra ardhanimIlita haiM, kezasajjA ghammilla AkAra kA hai, kase hue gola stana hai, grIvA aura kukSi para trivaliyA~ haiM, udara ubharA huA tathA nitamba caur3e haiN| yakSa kI pratimA sthUlakAya aura lambI-caur3I hai| usakI toMda maTake-jaisI hai| gvAliyara ke kile meM tIna svataMtra jaina pratimAe~ bhI vidyamAna haiM jo lagabhaga usI kAla kI haiN| inameM se eka pratimA meM kAyotsargamudrA meM AdinAtha kA aMkana hai jisake cAroM aura padmAsana-mudrA meM teIsa tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| isa prakAra yaha pratimA eka caturviMzati-paTTa ke rUpa meM hai| dUsarI pratimA meM naMdIzvara-dvIpa sahita tIrthaMkara AdinAtha aMkita haiN| tIsarI pratimA kAyotsarga-mudrA meM pArzvanAtha kI hai| unake zIrSa para nAgaphaNa kA chatra aMkita hai tathA suMdara ardha-mAnavAkRti nAgoM dvArA tIrthaMkara kA jalAbhiSeka karate dikhAyA gayA hai| nAgoM ke sira para lahariyA keza-sajjA hai|2 gvAliyara ke dakSiNa-pUrva meM kucha dUrI para sthita amrola se bhI, jo pUrva madhyakAlIna mahAdeva-maMdira ke lie prasiddha hai, pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha kI tatkAlIna pratimAe~ prApta huI haiN| AdinAtha kI pratimA kA sUkSmatA ke sAtha pratirUpaNa huyA hai jisameM tIrthakara ke cAroM ora yakSoM kI vAmana prAkRtiyA~ padmapIThoM para sukhAsana-mudrA meM baiThI haI darzAyI gayI haiN| padma-pITha kamala patrAvalI dvArA bhavya rUpa meM alaMkRta hai| vidizA jile meM baDoha nAmaka sthAna pUrva-madhyakAlIna (pratIhAra) kalA aura sthApatya ke lie prasiddha rahA hai| yadyapi yahA~ adhikAMzataH maMdira brAhmaNa saMpradAyoM se saMbaMdhita haiM tathApi yahA~ jainoM kA bhI lagabhaga dasavIM zatI kA eka bar3A maMdira hai jisameM vargAkAra bhamatI ke madhya meM latina nAgara zikharayukta devakUlikAe~ haiN| yadyapi inakI samucita surakSA nahIM kI gayI hai tathApi yahA~ devakulikAoM ke avazeSa paryApta mAtrA meM pAye jAte haiN| ye devakulikAe~ caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI thiiN| inameM se madhyavartI devakUlikA sabase U~ce zikharavAlI hai, jo saMbhavata: RSabhanAtha ko samarpita kI gayI thii| isI jile ke aMtargata gyArasapura pUrva-madhyakAlIna brAhmaNya aura jaina dharmoM ke maMdira tathA mUrtiyoM ke avazeSoM ke samRddha bhaMDAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahA hai| lagabhaga nauvIM zatAbdI kI bIsiyoM svataMtra jaina pratimAe~ yahA~ upalabdha haiN| ina pratimAoM meM kAyotsarga evaM padmAsana-mudrAoM meM tIrthana tathA jaina yakSa-yakSiyoM kI kamanIya pratimAe~ haiN| yakSa-yakSiyoM kI pratimAe~ lalitAsana-mudrA meM baiThI haI athavA AkarSaka tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3I huI aMkita haiM (citra 100 k)| isa sthAna ke prAcIna 1 brana (klaoNsa). jina imejeja praoNpha devagar3ha. 1969. lIDana. citra 18-18 e. 2 meistara (mAikela 'DablyU). prAma, amrola eNDa jainijma ina gvAliyara phorTa. jarnala praoNpha vi moriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3odA. 22; 354-58. 178

Page #301
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata maMdiroM meM sarvAdhika saMrakSita mAlAdevI maMdira ke nAma se vikhyAta jaina maMdira hai, jo vAstava meM pratIhAra vAstukalA ke carama vikAsa kA pratIka hai| maMdira mAlAdevI maMdira, gyArasapura : mAlAdevI maMdira eka sAMdhAra-prAsAda hai jisakA kucha bhAga zailotkIrNa tathA kucha bhAga nirmita racanA hai| yaha maMdira mukhamaNDapa, maNDapa, aMtarAla tathA sAMdhAra-garbhagRha se yukta hai (citra 101 tathA 102) / garbhagRha kI rUparekhA paMca-ratha prakAra kI hai tathA isake Upara rekhA-zikhara hai (citra 103) / - - - maMdira kA pITha sudRr3ha aura sAmAnya goTA-alaMkaraNoM se yukta hai / yaha jaMghA ko AdhAra pradAna kiye hue hai| jaMghA-bhAga kakSAsana tathA devakoSThoM se maNDita hai (citra 104) / AyatAkAra prAsAda ke laghutara bAhoM meM do kakSAsana haiM jabaki laMbe bAhoM meM aise hI tIna-tIna gavAkSa haiM jinameM se do maNDapa aura eka garbhagRha se prakSipta haiN| ye gavAkSa mukhyataH alaMkaraNa ke lie banAye jAne ke kAraNa atyaMta alpa prakAza hI bhItara pahu~cane dete haiN| dakSiNa dizA meM maMdira ke chaha nirgama haiM jinameM se tIna bar3e haiM aura tIna choTe / ye sabhI devakoSThoM dvArA alaMkRta haiM jo jaMghA tathA pIThabhAgoM para haiN| jaMghA para nirmita devakoSThoM meM tathA yakSa-yakSiyoM kI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM jabaki pIThoM kI zilpAMkita phalakoM para mAnava-mukhAkRtiyA~ tathA bela-bUTe pracura mAtrA meM aMkita haiN| maMdira kA zikhara paMca-ratha prakAra kA hai jisakI AkRti tribhujAkAra pratIta hotI hai| zikhara ke cAroM ora ATha zikharikAe~ banI haiN| maNDapoM kI chateM dhvasta ho cukI haiM phira bhI avaziSTa aMzoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ve nissaMdeha phAnasanA bane the aura inameM pIr3he tathA ratnoM se alaMkRta kaMThoM kA tAratamya darzanIya hai| dakSiNa dizA meM zikhara-mUla para nirmita (rathikA) meM garur3AsIna aSTabhujI cakrezvarI devI kI pratimA sthApita hai / devI ke avaziSTa do dAhine hAthoM meM pAza aura vajra haiM tathA bAyIM ora ke do avaziSTa hAthoM meM vajra aura cakra / devI ke pArzva meM donoM ora paricArikAe~ haiN| isake ThIka bAyIM ora kI rathikA meM padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara-pratimA hai, jabaki dAyIM ora kI rathikA meM zizusahita aMbikA yakSI lalitAsana meM baiThI hai| tadanurUpa uttara dizA kI rathikAnoM meM cakrezvarI yakSI kI pratimAe~ paricArikAoM sahita aMkita haiN| isake ThIka dAhinI rathikA meM eka padamAsanastha tIrthaMkara 179

Page #302
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 mUrti tathA bAyIM meM lalitAsana meM baiThI aMbikA yakSI kI pratimA hai / jaMghA sthita devakoSThoM kA vivaraNa dakSiNa-pUrva se pradakSiNA-krama meM nimnalikhita hai : jaMghA ke dakSiNa-pUrva kone meM sthita prathama devakoSTha meM aSTabhujI devI kI pratimA do siravAle pakSI ke Upara padmapITha para lalitAsana meM baiThI huI hai| devI ke avaziSTa dAhine hAthoM meM gadA-jaisA prAyudha, padmapuSpa tathA caurI hai jabaki bAyeM hAthoM meM caurI, dhvajA aura dhanuSa haiM / yaha devI kukkuTAhi para ArUr3ha yakSI padmAvatI ho sakatI hai| dakSiNa dizA meM nirmita dvitIya devakoSTha meM eka caturbhajI devI padmapuSpa para lalitAsana meM baiThI hai jisake hAthoM meM kRpANa, cakra, DhAla aura zaMkha haiN| devI kA vAhana gaja unake padmapITha ke nIce darzAyA gayA hai / saMbhavataH vaha devI puruSadattA hai jo pA~caveM tIrthaMkara kI yakSI hai| dakSiNa dizA ke zeSa chaha devakoSTha (saMkhyA 3 se 8) rikta haiN| kintu inake bIca ke salilAMtaroM meM choTe-choTe devakoSTha haiM jinameM yakSa tathA yakSI padamAvatI kI pratimAeM aMtarAla se saMlagna pArzvabhAgoM para nirmita laghu devakoSThoM meM bhI pratimAe~ aMkita haiN| pazcimI devakoSTha meM eka devI kI pratimA hai jo magara para lalitAsana meM baiThI hai| usake hAtha varada aura abhaya-mudrAoM meM hai, do hAthoM meM nIlapadma evaM kalaza haiM, jabaki pUrvI bhitti ke devakoSTha meM padmapITha para lalitAsana-mudrA meM pAsIna aSTabhujI devI kI pratimA sthApita hai| devI kI dAyIM ora ke avaziSTa do hAthoM meM pAza aura kRpANa haiM tathA bAyIM ora ke avaziSTa tIna hAthoM meM ghaNTA, DhAla aura pAza jaise upAdAna haiN| unake padmAsana ke nIce vAhana ke rUpa meM azva aMkita haiN| saMbhavataH yaha devI manovegA hai jo chaThe tIrthaMkara kI yakSI hai| dakSiNI-bhadra ke pazcimI pallavikA ke devakoSTha meM nAga-phaNa-chatra ke nIce do bhujAoMvAlI yakSI padmAvatI khar3I huI dikhAI gayI hai| isase saMlagna pArzvabhAgoM para nirmita laghu-devakoSThoM meM se pratyeka meM lalitAsana-mudrA meM eka devI-mUrti aMkita hai| pazcimI bhAga meM sthita nauvA~ devakoSTha rikta hai, jabaki pazcimI bhadra kI pallavikA ke eka mAtra devakoSTha meM nAga-phaNa-chatra ke nIce khar3I huI do-bhujI padmAvatI devI kI pratimA hai / unake dAyeM hAtha meM nIlakamala hai tathA bAyA~ hAtha eka daNDa para TikA hai| usase saMlagna eka laghu devakoSTha meM caturbhujI devI lalitAsana-mudrA meM makara para ArUr3ha hai| usake nicale dAyeM hAtha meM puSpa hai aura UparI dAyA~ hAtha sImAMta para hai; UparI bAyeM hAtha meM darpaNa hai aura nicalA bAyA~ hAtha goda meM rakhA huA hai| 180

Page #303
adhyAya 16] madhya bhArata maMdira kA uttara-pazcima konA zilATaMkita hone ke kAraNa pazcimI bhAga ke dasaveM-gyArahaveM tathA uttarI bhAga ke bArahaveM-terahaveM devakoSTha kabhI nirmita hI nahIM hue| aMtarAla ke uttarI bhAga meM sthita caudahaveM devakoSTha meM do-bhujI kubera ko khar3e hue darzAyA gayA hai / kubera ke hAthoM meM kapAla (khappara) aura thailI hai / thailI do nidhikalazoM ke Upara rakhI huI hai| caudahaveM devakoSTha ke nIce eka caturbhujI devI khar3I hai, jisakA eka hAtha abhaya-mudrA meM hai tathA anya hAthoM meM padmapuSpa, nIlapadma aura saMbhavataH darpaNa haiM / mahAmaNDapa ke uttarI kakSAsana ke nIce paMdrahaveM devakoSTha meM lalitAsana mudrA meM pAsIna bArahabhujI devI kI eka pratimA hai / devI ke dAyIM ora ke avaziSTa pA~ca hAthoM meM khaDga, darpaNa, puSpa, cakra aura vajra haiM tathA bAyIM ora ke avaziSTa do hAthoM meM padmapuSpa tathA phala haiN| usake vAhana ke rUpa meM eka pazu aMkita hai jo khaNDita ho cukA hai kintu usakA AkAra-prakAra varAha yA suara se milatAjulatA hai| maNDapa ke uttarI nirgama para sthita solahaveM devakoSTha meM indra kI dvibhujI pratimA utkIrNa hai| indra lalitAsana-mudrA meM gaja para ArUr3ha haiN| unake bAyeM hAtha meM vajra hai tathA dAyA~ hAtha khaNDita ho cakA hai| solahaveM devakoSTha ke nIce, adhiSThAna ke koSTha meM, bArahabhujI devI kI pratimA sthita hai| devI lalitAsana-mudrA meM pahiye-yukta lauharatha meM ArUr3ha hai| devI kA eka bAyA~ hAtha abhaya-mudrA meM hai tathA anya bAyeM hAthoM meM trizUla, cakra, DhAla, dhanuSa, prasAdhana-peTikA aura phala haiN| lauharatha (lauhAsana) ke kAraNa yaha devI dvitIya tIrthaMkara kI yakSI ajitA yA rohiNI ke rUpa meM pahacAnI jA sakatI hai| satrahaveM devakoSTha meM lalitAsana meM baiThI huI eka caturbhujI devI kI pratimA hai, jisakA sira aura hAtha khaNDita ho cake haiN| uttarI bhAga ke pUrvI kone para sthita aThArahaveM devakoSTha meM devI lalitAsana meM matsya para ArUr3ha hai| devI ke avaziSTa hAthoM meM se do varada evaM abhaya-mudrA meM haiM tathA eka anya hAtha meM jAla hai| isa devI ko paMdrahaveM tIrthakara kI zvetAMbara yakSI kaMdarpA ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| uttara-pUrva kone para sthita unnIsaveM devakoSTha meM, revaMta kI priyA lalitAsana meM baiThI hai| yaha devI caturbhajI hai. jisake cAroM hAthoM meM vajra, khaTvAMga, jAla aura chatra haiN| usake pAsana ke nIce azva aMkita haiN| maMdira kA mukhamaNDapa cAra staMbhoM para AdhArita hai| isakA vitAna samakSipta zailI meM netrAkAra hai jisameM kola tathA gajatAlU ke alaMkaraNa bane haiN| mukhamaNDapa ke bhItarI do staMbhoM ke madhya maNDapa ke pravezadvAra meM bhI isI prakAra ke vitAna haiN| 181

Page #304
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 maNDapa kA pravezadvAra paMca-zAkha zailI kA hai / zAkhAmoM para kramaza: bela-bUTe, nAga, mithuna aura do kuDya staMbhoM kA aMkana hai| mithunoM kA aMkana bArI-bArI se bhUtoM yA pAza kI AkRti ke sAtha huA hai / lalATa-bimba meM garur3a-ArUr3ha aSTabhujI cakrezvarI devI pradarzita hai| yaha devI apane bAyIM ora ke avaziSTa tIna hAthoM meM padma, cakra evaM phala dhAraNa kiye hue hai tathA dAyIM ora ke ekamAtra avaziSTa hAtha se kamalanAla pakar3e hue hai| dvArazAkhA ke AdhAra-bhAga para gaMgA aura yamunA kI mUrtiyA~ pradarzita haiM jinake pArzva meM anucara tathA dvArapAla haiN| maNDapa bIcoM-bIca cAra staMbhoM para AdhArita hai| isakA vitAna aSTakoNa tathA saMbhavataH samakSipta zailI kA hai jisameM gajatAluoM ke cAra kramazaH ghaTate hue radde haiM jo aba aMzamAtra surakSita haiM / maNDapa vitAna ke saradaloM aura zahatIroM para rathikAoM kI do paMktiyA~ aMkita haiM / maNDapa kI dakSiNa-bhitti ke sAtha tIrthaMkara kI eka vizAla kAyotsarga pratimA avasthita hai jisake donoM pAryoM meM do bhakta aMkita haiN| maMdira ke bhItarI bhAga ke sabhI staMbha AkAra-prakAra meM eka-jaise tathA atyaMta alaMkRta haiN| staMbhoM ke nicale aura UparI bhAga vargAkAra haiN| madhyabhAga solaha pahaluoM kA tathA ghaNTA-kikiNicitraNa dvArA alaMkRta hai| staMbha kA zIrSabhAga eka gola caukI, kIrti-mukha tathA latA-vallariyoM se alaMkRta eka vargAkAra phalaka, eka Amalaka, patrAvaliyoM se alaMkRta eka anya vargAkAra phalaka tathA do vargAkAra pAmalakoM se utkIrNa haiN| staMbhoM ke zIrSabhAga meM Tor3e lage hae haiM jinake pArzva aMjalibaddha nAgoM ke citraNa se alaMkRta haiN| maMdira ke kucha AkarSaka kalA-pratIkoM meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA kIrtimukha (citra 100 kha) tathA pracaratA se alaMkRta ghaTa-pallava sammilita haiN| garbhagRha kA pravezadvAra maNDapa ke pravezadvAra se sAmAnyataH milatA-julatA hai| isake do saradaloM meM se nicale saradala para rathikAnoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI nau kAyotsarga pratimAe~ eka paMkti meM pradarzita haiN| saradala ke dAyeM sire para mAlAdhArI mithuna AkRtiyA~ aMkita haiM tathA eka khar3I huI caturbhujI vidyAdevI kI pratimA hai jisake hAtha varamudrA meM tathA pustaka aura kalaza liye hue aMkita hai| isI prakAra bAyeM sire para vINA lekara khar3I huI caturbhujI sarasvatI kI khaNDita pratimA hai| dvArazAkhAoM ke nimnabhAga meM gaMgA aura yamunA deviyA~ aMkita haiM jinameM se pratyeka ke pArzva meM yugala dvArapAla nirmita haiM / pUrvAbhimukha dvArapAla apane eka hAtha meM gadA liye hue hai| garbhagRha ke cAroM ora pradakSiNApatha hai jisameM donoM ora pravezadvAra haiM / inake uttarAMga rathikAoM aura mUrtiyoM se alaMkRta haiN| dakSiNI pravezadvAra ke uttarAMga ke nicale stara para nau tIrthaMkara, madhya para cAra tathA UparI stara para sAta tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ pradarzita haiN| dvArazAkhAoM para nadIdeviyA~ utkIrNa haiM jinake pAvoM meM dvArapAla aMkita haiM / garbhagRha ke uttarI pravezadvAra ke uttarAMga para sapta-mAtRkAe~ natya-madrA meM aMkita haiM jinake pArzva meM gaNeza aura vIrabhadra haiN| 182

Page #305
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata bhItarI pradakSiNApatha kI tInoM dizAoM meM tIna devakoSTha haiM / dakSiNa dizA ke pramukha devakoSTha meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara-mUrti hai tathA uttarI dizA ke eka devakoSTha meM yakSI cakrezvarI sthita hai| praur3ha tathA AlaMkArika vAstukalA evaM suvikasita mUrtikalA ke AdhAra para isa maMdira kA racanA-kAla nauvIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha maMdira madhya bhArata kI pratIhArakAlIna sthApatya zailI kA caramotkarSa pradarzita karatA hai| devagar3ha ke jaina maMdira devagar3ha kile ke pUrvI kSetra meM lagabhaga 31 jaina maMdiroM kA eka samUha hai (rekhAcitra 6), jisameM nauvIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI tathA usase bhI paravartI kAla ke maMdira sammilita haiN| madhya bhArata meM yaha sthAna tIna zatAbdiyoM ke laMbe samayAMtarAla meM jaina kalA evaM sthApatya ke vikAsa kA adhyayana karane ke lie ullekhanIya kendroM meM se eka hai| yahA~ para lagabhaga sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdiyoM kA bhI eka jaina maMdira thA, isa tathya kA pramANa yahA~ se upalabdha guptottara zailI ke kucha vAstu-avazeSoM aura eka tIrthakara pratimA se milatA hai| vartamAna maMdiroM meM adhikAMzataH dasa se bArahavIM zatI ke haiN| pUrvavartI do zatAbdiyoM ke maMdiroM kI saMkhyA vAstava meM bahuta kama hai| maMdira saMkhyA 11, 12 aura 28 jaise kucha maMdiroM ko chor3akara zeSa maMdira alaMkaraNavihIna tathA choTe AkAra ke haiM / inakI rUparekhA yA to vargAkAra hai yA AyatAkAra / pratyeka maMdira eka vizAla kakSa hai| kucha maMdiroM meM isa kakSa ke pichale bhAga meM bAhara eka choTA garbhagRha bhI hai, kucha meM nahIM hai| kintu sAmAnyataH sabhI ke Age eka barAmadA yA pravezamaNDapa hai / adhikAMza maMdira samatala zikharayukta haiM, para kucha para chatariyA~ banI haiN| kramAMka 25 se 31 taka ke maMdira eka ghane jhuMDa ke rUpa meM nirmita haiM, zeSa maMdira yatra-tatra bikhare hue haiM jinameM se maMdira kramAMka 1, 2 tathA 10 eka dUsare se paryApta dUrI para sthita haiN| maMdira kramAMka 22 tathA 24 (ka) ke atirikta kramAMka 12 aura 15 tathA kramAMka 12 ke ke Asa-pAsa ke sAta choTe maMdira nauvIM zatAbdI ke haiN| maMdira kramAMka 12 ke pravezamaNDapa ke staMbha para utkIrNa vikrama saMvat 116 (862 I.) ke abhilekha ke AdhAra para ina maMdiroM kA racanAkAla lagabhaga 850-600 I. nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ upalabdha asaMkhya vAstu-avazeSa aura 1 [ isa maMdira-samUha meM kucha maMdira aise bhI haiM jinakA racanA-kAla isa bhAga kI vicArAdhIna avadhi se paravartI hai, kintu adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa samUha ko kAlakhaNDoM meM vargIkRta na karanA suvidhAjanaka pratIta huA hai.- saMpAdaka] 183

Page #306
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 100500 100 - - SCALE OF SCALE OF 200 FEET .. 60 METRES 2010 20_ 40_ IEC 272 277 212217 2011 / rekhAcitra 9. devagar3ha : maMdiroM kI rUparekhA pratimAe~ yaha pramANita karate haiM ki isa sthAna para nauvIM zatAbdI ke aura bhI aneka maMdira vidyamAna rahe hoNge| bar3e zilAkhaMDoM se nirmita vizAlakakSIya maMdira kramAMka 6, 13, 16 aura 20 dasavIM zatI ke haiM, jinameM pUrva madhyakAlIna pratimAeM sthApita haiN| vizAlakakSIya maMdira kramAMka 17 meM bhI pUrva madhyakAlIna dasavIM zatAbdI kI pratimAe~ haiN| isa maMdira kI bhittiyA~ dhvaMsa ho cakI haiN| vizAlakakSIya maMdira kramAMka 2, 3, 11 aura 16 dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke haiN| inakI bhittiyA~ zilApaTToM se nirmita haiM aura inameM madhyakAlIna pratimAeM sthApita haiN| maMdira kramAMka 2 (vikrama saMvat 1023, 1051 tathA 1052) aura maMdira kramAMka 11 (vikrama saMvat 1105 tathA 1126) ke 184

Page #307
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata (ka) kuNDalapura - mandira (kha) kuNDalapura - do tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ citra 93 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #308
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) kuNDalapura - tIrthaMkara abhinandananAtha (kha) kuNDalapura - tIrthakara pAzavanAtha citra 94

Page #309
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata / (ka) pithaurA - patiyAnI devI kA maMdira PMC.GOOGICADA (kha) pithaurA - patiyAnI devI ke maMdira kA saradala citra 95 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #310
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 pithaurA - patiyAnI devI kA mandira, dvArapAla citra 96 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #311
adhyAya 16 ] (kha) tevara citra 97 tIrthaMkara mUrti (ka) jabalapura madhya bhArata tIrthakara dharmanAtha (nAgapura saMgrahAlaya)

Page #312
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) tevara - abhi-lekhAMkita yakSiyA~ (kha) gaMdhAvala - tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ citra 98 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #313
adhyAya 16] madhya bhArata rAyapUra saMgrahAlaya - sahasrakaTa citra 99

Page #314
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) gyArasapura - tIrthaMkara aura yakSiyA~ (kha) gyArasapura - mAlAdevI mandira, alaMkRta kItti mukha citra 100

Page #315
adhyAya 16 ] Mei Ren Shuo gyArasapura mAlAdevI mandira citra 101 madhya bhArata

Page #316
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 gyArasapura - mAlAdevI maMdira, mukha-maNDapa citra 102

Page #317
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata DE ESA BAT, EN gyArasapura - ma.lAdevI maMdira, zikhara citra 103

Page #318
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 gyArasapura - mAlAdevI mandira, jaMghA citra 104

Page #319
adhyAya 16 ] devagar3ha mandira saM0 18 citra 105 madhya bhArata

Page #320
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [bhAga 4 devagar3ha - maMdira saM0 21, aAMtara-zilpAMkana citra 106

Page #321
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata devagar3ha - maMdira saM0 12, dAyA~ bhAga, prAkAra meM jar3a dI gaI tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ citra 107

Page #322
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 devagar3ha - mandira saM0 12, zikhara aura paravartI chatrI citra 108

Page #323
adhyAya 16 ] madhya bhArata abhilekhoM se inakI nirmANa-tithi jJAta hotI hai| ye vizAla kakSIya maMdira caityavAsIya sthApatya ke namUne haiM, jo madhya bhArata ke raNoda, kadvAha tathA survAyA jaise sthAnoM ke zaiva-maThoM ke anurUpa haiN| maMdira kramAMka 5 eka vizeSa prakAra ke zikhara se maNDita hai tathA isake bhItara eka vizAla sahasra kUTa vidyamAna hai| isa maMdira meM vikrama saMvat 1120 kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| yaha maMdira, maMdira kramAMka 31 ke atirikta, isI kAlakhaNDa ke aMtargata AtA hai / yahA~ upalabdha aneka vAstu-avazeSa aura staMbha, jinameM se kucha maMdira kramAMka 12 ke Asa-pAsa par3e haiM, apanI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke haiN| choTe tathA patale zilAphalakoM se nirmita laghu maMdira bArahavIM zatAbdI ke mAne jA sakate haiN| ye haiM maMdira kramAMka 18 (citra 105), 21, 25, 26, 27 (kha) tathA 30 / maMdira kramAMka 21 meM guNanaMdI-samUha ke do abhilekha haiM, jinakA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa maMdira meM kucha pratimAe~ bhI sthApita haiM (citra 106) / zeSa maMdira kramAMka 4,6, 8, 12 (ga) tathA 14 bArahavIM zatAbdI se paravartI haiN| ina maMdiroM kI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye IMTa jaise choTe-choTe prastara-phalakoM se nirmita haiM, jinakI cinAI meM sAmAnyata: cUne kA upayoga huyA hai| maMdira kramAMka 6, 13, 15, 18 tathA 20 samUhagata maMdira haiN| vicArAdhIna avadhi meM hI inakI marammata kI gayI thI aura usI samaya maMdira kramAMka 4 tathA 15 ke Age pravezamaNDapoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA gyaa| sAtha hI, isameM bhI saMdeha nahIM ki bahuta-se maMdiroM meM buMdelA yuga meM akabarakAlIna sthApatya zailI kI chatariyoM, upazikharoM, maNDapoM tathA muNDeroM kA atirikta nirmANa kiyA gyaa| kevala do maMdiroM, kramAMka 10 aura 15 meM vAstu-alaMkaraNa dekhane ko milatA hai / donoM hI maMdira nauvIM zatI ke haiN| zeSa maMdira apanI dvArazAkhAoM ko chor3akara adhikAMzataH alaMkaraNavihIna haiN| maMdira kramAMka 12 tathA 28 para rekhA-zikhara haiN| zeSa maMdira adhikAMzataH samatala zikhara-yukta vizAla kakSIya haiM, yA phira ve praveza-maNDapayukta maMdira haiM jo guptakAlIna maMdiroM ke samAna haiM jinameM mAtra eka samatala zikharayukta garbhagRha tathA pravezamaNDapa hotA thaa| devagar3ha meM mUrtiyA~, mAnastaMbha aura abhilekha prabhUta mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM / yahA~ para maMdiroM tathA khule sthAna meM upalabdha pratimAoM kI saMkhyA eka hajAra se gyAraha sau taka ke lagabhaga hai| inameM se eka tIrthaMkara-pratimA nizcita rUpa se guptottarakAlIna (lagabhaga sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdiyA~) hai, jabaki lagabhaga 50 pratimAe~ nauvIM zatI kI haiM, jinameM maMdira kramAMka 12 aura 15 kI mUla pratimAe~ bhI sammilita haiM / lagabhaga itanI hI saMkhyA meM dasavIM zatI kI pratimAe~ haiM / zeSa pratimAe~ adhikAMzataH gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI haiN| maMdira kramAMka 12 eka sAMdhAra-prAsAda hai, jisameM garbhagRha, pradakSiNApatha aura aMtarAla sammilita haiM / isa maMdira ke cAroM ora eka Adhunika prakAra kI racanA kI gayI hai, jisameM prAcIna mUrtiyA~ 185

Page #324
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 jar3a dI gayI haiM ( citra 107 ) / garbhagRha kI rUparekhA paMca-ratha prakAra kI hai, jisameM paMca-ratha prakAra kA hI eka bRhada rekhA - zikhara hai ( citra 108 ) / zikhara ke sAmane zukanAsa hai / isa maMdira kA vAhya alaMkaraNa viziSTa prakAra kA hai, jisameM jaMghAbhAga para jAla - vAtAyana aura kuDya ekAMtara krama se nirmita haiM / jAlavAtAyana meM devakoSTha jar3e haiM, jinake Upara udgama utkIrNa haiM / jaMghA ke cAroM ora devakoSTha jinameM tIrthaMkaroM aura unase saMbaddha 24 yakSiyoM kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM / jaMghA ke tInoM bhadroM para ghanadvAra citrita haiM / jaisA ki aneka abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai, yaha maMdira tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ko samarpita kiyA gayA thaa| maMdira meM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimA sthApita hai, jo pA~ca moTara se adhika U~cI hai aura garbhagRha kI pUrI U~cAI ke lagabhaga hai| mUrti eka vizAla parikara se yukta hai, jisake pArzvoM meM camaradhAriyoM kI smitamukha pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiM, jo tri-bhaMga kI AkarSaka mudrA meM khar3I huI haiN| isake atirikta aMbikA yakSI kI cAra pRthak pratimAe~ haiM, jo camaradhAriyoM kI bhA~ti manorama tri-bhaMga - mudrA meM khar3I hai / inameM se do pratimAe~ garbhagRha ke aMtaHbhAga meM sthita haiM aura do bahirbhAga meM / ye sabhI pratimAe~ nauvIM zatI kI utkRSTa pratIhAra zailI meM utkIrNa haiM / maMdira kramAMka 15 eka tri- puruSa - prAsAda ( tIna maMdira kA samUha ) hai / isakA zikhara naSTa ho cukA hai aura mUla zikhara ke sthAna para aba buMdela zailI kI eka kurUpa chatarI par3I hai / maMdira kA vedI-baMdha nIcA hai tathA jaMghAbhAga sAdA hai, kintu isapara udgamoM se prAcchAdita kama ubhAra kI utkIrNa mUrtiyoM se yukta devakoSTha haiN| tInoM garbhagRhoM ke lie eka hI navaraMga maNDapa kI yojanA huI hai / isameM mukhamaNDapa ke dvAra se praveza kiyA jAtA hai / maNDapa kA samatala vitAna cAra keMdrIya staMbhoM tathA bAraha kuDya-staMbhoM para AdhArita hai / staMbha aura kuDya staMbha- ghaTa - pallava, padma- piNDa, tAla-vRnta tathA Amalaka jaise pratIhArakAlIna viziSTa alaMkaraNoM se susajjita haiM / isI prakAra pravezadvAra bhI pratIhArakAlIna vizeSa alaMkaraNoM se alaMkRta haiM jinameM ghaNTA kiMkiNi ke citraNa sammilita maMdira kI mUlanAyaka padmAsana tIrthaMkara - pratimA pUrva - madhyakAlIna kalA kI eka zreSTha kRti hai jisake mukhamaNDapa se prAtmika zAMti aura tapazcaryA kI dIpti prabhAsita ho rahI hai / sUkSma pratirUpaNa evaM bhAva-saMyojana ke lie yaha pratimA sAranAtha kI guptakAlIna buddha kI prasiddha pratimA ke samakakSa hai / isa maMdira ke bhadroM para nirmita devakoSThoM meM aMkita khaDgAsana tathA padmAsana pratimAe~ bhI nauvIM zatI kI pratIhArakalA kI viziSTa kRtiyA~ haiM / yaha maMdira zailI ke anusAra maMdira kramAMka 12 se lagabhaga do dazaka paravartI hai / / isa 186 kRSNadeva

Page #325
adhyAya 17 pazcima bhArata pazcima bhArata meM jaina kalA kI prAraMbhika kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM hamArA paricaya una 68 kAMsya pratimAoM se hai jo bar3audA nagara ke bAhya aMcala meM akoTA ke bhUmigata bhaNDAra' se prApta huI haiM aura jinakA racanAkAla pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha se gyArahavIM zatI taka nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| ina pratimAoM meM RSabhanAtha, pArzvanAtha aura ajitanAtha sahita aneka tIrthaMkaroM, jIvaMtasvAmI, sarasvatI, acchuptA tathA aMbikA (citra 106) kI aneka mUrtiyoM sahita anya yakSa-yakSiyoM kI pratimAe~ sammilita haiM / tIrthaMkara-pratimAe~ khaDgAsana yA padmAsana-mudrA meM nirmita haiM tathA unake pArzva meM sarvAnubhUti yakSa aura aMbikA yakSI kI pratimAe~ aMkita haiN| inameM se kucha pratimAe~ tri-tIthika (citra 110), SaT-tIthika aura aSTa-tri-tIthika tathA eka caturviMzati-paTTa (citra 111) ke rUpa meM pariSkRta racanA zailI kI pratIka haiN| ina 68 pratimAoM meM se 30 abhilekhAMkita haiM, jinameM se do pratimAoM para nizcita tithiyA~- zaka saMvat 661 tathA vikrama saMvat 1006 bhI aMkita haiN| purAlekhIya evaM zailIgata adhyayana ke AdhAra para ina pratimAoM meM se kama se kama 28 kA racanAkAla sAtavIM zatI se pUrva kA nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ye pratimAe~ chaThI tathA sAtavIM zatAbdiyoM kI sajIva kalAtmaka gatividhiyoM kA sAkSya prastuta karatI haiN| pA~cavIM zatI ke aMtima caraNa kI RSabhanAtha aura jIvaMtasvAmI2 kI kAMsya pratimAe~ tathA AThavIM zatI kI nirdhAraNa karane yogya tathA camaradhAriNI kI kAMsya pratimA vastutaH pazcima bhAratIya kalA kI zreSThatama kRtiyA~ haiN| ___ vala (valabhI) se prApta kAMsya nirmita tIrthakara-pratimAoM', jinakA samaya purAlekhIya AdhAra para chaThI zatI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kI tulanA akoTA se prApta kucha samanurUpa pratimAoM se kI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi, vala (prAcIna valabhI) se prApta tIrthakara-pratimAe~ kalAtmaka dRSTi se 1 zAha (umAkAMta premAnaMda). akoTA projeja. 1959. bambaI. [prAraMbhika kAMsya pratimAoM ke viSaya meM adhyAya 13 meM vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai-saMpAdaka] 2 vahI, citra 8-9 [adhyAya 13 bhI draSTavya--saMpAdaka] 3 vahI, citra 42-43. 4 vahI, pR 21, citra 21 [adhyAya 13 bhI draSTavya--saMpAdaka] 187

Page #326
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 kucha sthala haiM aura unameM patalI deha-yaSTi para apekSAkRta bhArI sira nirmita kiye gaye haiN| vala se prApta pratimAoM kA vastrAMkana sirohI jile meM vasaMtagar3ha se prApta 687 I0 kI tIrthaMkara kI eka suMdara kAMsya pratimA ke vastrAMkana kA pUrvarUpa hai| vasaMtagar3ha se hI lagabhaga 700 I0 kI sarasvatI kI khaDgAsana-mudrA meM aMkita eka choTI-sI tAmra-pratimA tathA tIna kalAtmaka rUpa se utkIrNa tri-tIthika kAMsya pratimAe~, jinakA samaya lagabhaga san 750 nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, prApta huI haiN| bhinamAla se prApta khaDgAsana mudrA meM do kAMsya tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM kA, jinakA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, vastrAMkana 687 I0 kI nirmita vasaMtagar3ha kI kAMsya tIrthaMkara-pratimA ke anurUpa hai, vaise bhinamAla kI pratimAoM kI racanA kucha beDaula tathA kalAtmaka dRSTi se nimnastarIya hai| isI sthAna se prApta aura isI kAla kI nirmita, padmAsana-mudrA meM RSabhanAtha kI kAMsya pratimA ucca zreNI kI hai, jisakI tulanA vasaMtagar3ha kI tithiyukta tIrthaMkara-pratimA se kI jA sakatI hai| . osiyA sthita AThavIM zatAbdI ke mahAvIra-maMdira kI pASANa-pratimAe~ pratirUpaNa aura sthala racanA meM sAmAnyata: akoTA tathA vasaMtagar3ha kI samakAlIna kAMsya pratimAoM, jinakA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai, ke samAna haiM kintu sAmagrI kI vividhatA ke kAraNa unameM spaSTata: kucha aMtara hai| sirohI jile meM naMdiyA sthita sAtavIM/AThavIM zatI ke mahAvIra-maMdira ke camaradhArI anucaroM kI pASANa-pratimAe~ pratirUpaNa kI utkRSTatA pradarzita karatI haiM / bhaTevara se prApta pArzvanAtha kI pratimA jo aba gujarAta ke casmA sthita jaina maMdira meM hai, zailIgata rUpa se isI kAla kI hai| nauvIM zatAbdI kI rASTrakUTa kalA kA eka uttama udAharaNa hameM dhUliyA jile ke caharadI se prApta kAMsya caturviMzati-paTTa para RSabhanAtha kI eka suMdara pratimA ke rUpa meM prApta hai| isa pratimA kI netra-racanA tathA anucaroM kI AkRtiyoM ke aMkana meM karnATaka kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| abhilekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA caMdrakula ke pradyumnAcArya ke eka ziSya dvArA sthApita karAyI gayI thI / isa pratimA kI samakAlIna tathA inhIM prAcArya ko unake eka anya ziSya dvArA samarpita pArzvanAtha kI eka anya kAMsya nirmita tri-tIthika pratimA hai jisake pArzva meM gaja para ArUr3ha eka yakSa (mAtaMga ?) aura siMha para ArUr3ha aMbikA yakSI aMkita hai| yaha pratimA jaisalamera ke nikaTa amarasAgara ke jaina maMdira meM pratiSThita hai, jahA~ Aja bhI usakI upAsanA hotI hai| rASTrakUTa mUrtikalA apane utkRSTatama rUpa meM ailorA kI jaina guphAoM kI pratimAoM se samAnatA kara sakatI hai| 1 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 22, citra 19, 49 tathA 72. 2 vahI, pR 22, citra 35 e tathA 35 bI. 3 bahI, citra 29 e. 4 kramariza (sTelA). pArTa praoNpha iDiyA. citra 54. 5 zAha, pUrvokta, pR 24, citra 7. 6 [isakA vivecana adhyAya 18 meM kiyA gayA hai-saMpAdaka] 188

Page #327
adhyAya 17 ] pazcima bhArata N06DEE akoTA - ambikA yakSI, kAMsya mUrti (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) citra 109 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #328
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 Ar543 akoTA - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, kAMsya mUrti (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) citra 110 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #329
adhyAya 17 ] pazcima bhArata lex -CONCE the EKSKko ales sauer akoTA - caturviMzati-kAMsya paTTa (bar3audA saMgrahAlaya) citra 111 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #330
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 akoTA - camaradhAriNI, kAMsya mati (bar3audA maMgrahAlaya) citra 112

Page #331
adhyAya 16 ] pazcima bhArata akoTA, valabhI, vasaMtagar3ha aura bhinamAla meM upalabdha jaina pratimAoM se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdiyoM meM ina sthAnoM para jaina maMdira vidyamAna the / akoTA se prApta sAtavIM zatAbdI kI abhilekhAMkita pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mUrti rathavasatikA meM prasthApita kI gayI thii| isI sthAna se prApta aura lagabhaga san 1000 kI eka anya abhilekhAMkita RSabhanAtha kI pratimA ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha droNAcArya dvArA aMkoTTaka-vasatikA meM prasthApita kI gayI thii| isa prakAra ratha-vasatikA aura aMkoTTaka-vasatikA akoTA sthita jaina maMdiroM ke nAma the, jahA~ abhilekhoM ke anusAra lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI ke pramukha jainAcArya jinabhadra vAcanAcArya dvArA bhI pratimAeM sthApita kI gyiiN| jaina sAhitya se aise aneka jaina maMdiroM ke astitva kA saMketa milatA hai, jo Aja naSTa ho cuke haiN| batAyA jAtA hai ki vanarAja-cApotkaTa ne paMcAsara ke tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratiSThA hetu anahilabAr3a pATana meM vanarAja-vihAra kI sthApanA karAyI thI, jahA~ usake maMtrI ninnaya ne, jo rAjyapAla vimala kA pUrvaja thA, san 746 ke lagabhaga tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI pratiSThA meM eka maMdira banavAyA thaa| ninnaya ne caMdrAvatI meM bhI eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| lagabhaga usI avadhi meM vaTezvara-sUrI kI preraNA se uttara-pazcima gujarAta ke tharADa nAmaka sthAna para RSabha-maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| jinasena ne apane harivaMza purANa nAmaka graMtha kA lekhana san 783 meM vardhamAna (vadhvana) sthita pArzvanAtha maMdira (nanna rAjavasati) meM rahakara kiyA thaa| isa graMtha meM dostatikA sthita zAMtinAtha ke maMdira aura giranAra pahAr3I para sthita aMbikA ke maMdira kA ullekha milatA hai| AThavIM zatAbdI meM prabhAsa nAmaka sthAna para tIrthaMkara caMdraprabha ke digaMbara aura zvetAMbara maMdira vidyamAna the| digaMbara AmnAya ne Una nAmaka nagara meM pArzvanAtha-maMdira tathA khaMbhAta meM eka anya jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki udyotana-sUri ke pUrvavartI yakSadatta-gaNi ne pazcima bhArata meM jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA jinameM bhinamAla ke maMdira bhI sammilita haiN| udyotana-sUri ne apane kuvalaya-mAlA nAmaka graMtha kA samApana san 776 meM jAlaura sthita AdinAtha ke aSTApada-prAsAda meM kiyA thaa| haribhadra-sUri ke samaya AThavIM zatAbdI meM cittaur3a meM aneka jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa hayA thaa| jayasiMha-sUri (san 856) ke anusAra nAgaura meM bhI jaina maMdira vidyamAna the| madhyakAla ke pUrvArdha meM pazcima bhArata ke vibhinna rAjya-vaMzoM ke zAsakoM meM jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa dene tathA jaina maMdiroM ke nirmANa aura unake saMcAlana ke lie anudAna dene meM pratispardhA rahA karatI thii| pratIhAra nAgabhaTa-prathama (lagabhaga 750-56) ne jAlaura meM apane guru yakSadatta-gaNi ke sammAna meM yakSa-vasati nAmaka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| sAcora aura koratA ke prasiddha mahAvIra-maMdiroM ko bhI paraMparAgata mAnyatAoM ke anusAra yakSadatta-gaNi se saMbaMdhita batAyA jAtA hai / adhyAya 14 meM ullikhita prosiyA sthita mahAvIra-maMdira kA nirmANa pratIhAra vatsarAja (lagabhaga 772-63) dvArA 189

Page #332
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 karAyA gayA thA / usake uttarAdhikArI nAgabhaTa-dvitIya (san 763-833) ne apane guru bappabhaTTi-sUri kA sammAna kiyA aura kannauja tathA gopagiri meM jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| bappabhaTTi-sUri ke ziSya nanna-sUri aura gobiMda-sUri kA pratIhAra samrATa mihira bhoja (lagabhaga 836-85) dvArA ucita svAgata-sammAna kiyA gayA thaa| maMdaura ke pratIhAra kakkukarAja dvArA san 861 meM ghaTiyAlA nAmaka sthAna para jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thaa| mevAr3a ke gahila bharta bhaTa-prathama ne bhaTevara nagara meM, jisakI usane lagabhaga san 630 meM sthApanA kI thI, guhila-vihAra kA nirmANa kraayaa| haThUDI ke rASTrakUTa zAsakoM meM vidagdharAja ne haLUDI meM san 617 meM RSabha-maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA usake putra mammaTa aura prapautra dhavala ne isa maMdira kI vyavasthA aura pUnirmANa ke lie anudAna diye| dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM raghusaina nAmaka eka rAjakumAra ne uttara-pazcima gujarAta ke rAmasaina nAmaka sthAna para eka jina-bhavana kA nirmANa kraayaa| kintu gujarAta ke caulukya zAsakoM dvArA karAye gaye nirmANa kArya inase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / mUlarAja-prathama (942-65) ne anahilavAr3a pATana meM digaMbara AmnAya ke lie mUla-vasatikA tathA zvetAMbaroM ke lie mUlanAtha-jinadeva-maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usake uttarAdhikArI cAmuNDarAja ne sana 977 meM vadasama sthita jaina maMdira ko anudAna diyA thaa| uttaravartI caulukya narezoM dvArA karAye gaye nirmANa kAryoM kA vivecana yathAsthAna AgAmI adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| kRSNa deva 190

Page #333
adhyAya 18 dakSiNApatha aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi viMdhyAcala se dakSiNavartI bhArata ke itihAsa meM chaThI zatI ke uttarArdha se gyArahavIM zatI taka pA~ca sau varSa laMbA samayAMtarAla atyaMta ghaTanAzIla rahA hai kyoMki isa kAla meM maMdira sthApatya tathA mUrti, citra evaM anya saMbaddha kalAoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa apane carama utkarSa para jA pahu~cA, vidhya sImA se pAra yaha dakSiNavartI bhU-bhAga tIna unnata rAjyoM kI sArvabhaumikatA meM AtA thA - dakSiNApatha meM 'cAlukya rAjya jisakI rAjadhAnI vAtApI ( bAdAmI ) thI, pUrvavartI taTIya kSetra meM pallava rAjya jisakI rAjadhAnI kAMcI thI evaM sudUra dakSiNa meM pANDya rAjya jisakI rAjadhAnI madurai thii| tInoM rAjya na kevala rAjanIti varan sthApatya, mUrti, citra, saMgIta tathA nRtya kalAoM aura sAhitya meM bhI paraspara pratidvandvI the / eka ora jahA~ cAlukya nareza pulakezI (606-42 ) ne harSavardhana ke dakSiNI rAjya - vistAra ko saphalatApUrvaka roke rakhA, vahIM dUsarI ora pallava rAjA narasiMhavarmana prathama mAmalla (630-68) ne pulakezI ko parAsta karake bAraha varSa taka vAtApI ko apane adhIna rakhA / udhara pANDya nareza pallava rAjAoM ke dakSiNI vistAra ko rokane ke sAtha-sAtha nikaTavartI zrIlaMkA meM apanI rAjya sattA phailAne meM saphala ho gaye the / pUrvI cAlukya, rASTrakUTa, gaMga, muttaraiyAra, nolaMba, irukkuvela - jaise choTe-choTe rAjya bar3e rAjyoM ke mitrarASTra yA unake aMtastharAjya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita the / ina rAjyoM kA bhI tatkAlIna kalAtmaka evaM sAhityika paraMparAoM aura upalabdhiyoM meM apanA yogadAna rahA / jaba pallava aura pANDya sattAe~ nauvIM zatI ke madhya taka apane-apane kSetroM meM prakhaMDa prabhutva saMpanna banI rahIM, vAtApI ke cAlukya rAjAoM meM sattA kA vibhAjana ho gayA thA / pulakezI- dvitIya ke aMtima dinoM meM usake bhAI kubja viSNuvardhana ( 624-41 ) ne cAlukya rAjya se pRthak hokara AMdhra ke taTIya kSetroM meM svataMtra sattAvAna pUrvI yA veMgI cAlukya rAjya sthApita kiyA thA / isake uparAMta vAtApI kI rAjya sattA AThavIM zatI ke madhya meM rASTrakUTa rAjAnoM ke hAtha meM calI gayI, jinhoMne mAnyakheTa (malakheDa) ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| dUsarI ora, nauvIM zatI ke madhya meM sudUra dakSiNa kI pallava evaM pANDya sattAnoM para taMjaura ke cola samrAToM ne apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyA / gyArahavIM zatI ke Agamana taka dakSiNa meM sArvabhauma sattA aura kalA evaM sthApatya ke sRjana ke lie kevala do hI pratidvaMdvI the - rASTrakUTa evaM cola rAjya; veMgI cAlukya rAjya kI sthiti tulanAtmaka dRSTi se gauNa thI / 191

Page #334
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 jisa kAla ke rAjanItika ghaTanAkrama kA yahA~ vivaraNa diyA gayA hai usI kAla dakSiNa meM zaiva nAyanamAra tathA vaiSNava AlavAra ke bhaktipaMthoM kI bar3hatI lokapriyatA se jaina dharma ke utkarSa ko cunautI kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| zaiva nAyanamAra tathA vaiSNava AlavAra-saMta, kavi evaM saMgItajJa, tamilanADu evaM sImAvartI kSetroM meM adhika lokapriya the, kiMtu kannar3a aura telugu pradezoM meM ina dinoM jaina dharma 'luptaprAya bauddha dharma ke sthAna para adhika lokapriyatA pA rahA thA / aneka rAjavaMzoM ke nareza jaina dharma kA pAlana karate the aura unameM se aneka ne jaina dharma ko rAjadharma bhI banAyA thA; anya rAjA jaina dharma ko prazraya dene ke sAtha-sAtha isase saMbaddha kriyA-kalApoM evaM saMsthAnoM ke prati udAra the| utpAdakoM, zilpiyoM evaM vaNika varga ke sAmUhika samAja (saMgha) bhI isI prakAra sabhI AmnAyoM ke maMdiroM tathA dhArmika saMsthAnoM ke saMrakSaka the / rAjakIya prazraya ke abhAva meM yaha saMrakSaNa bahudhA aura bhI adhika sakSama siddha hotA thA tathA kaI udAharaNoM meM rAjakIya prazraya kA sthAnApanna hotA thA / jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra zravaNabelagolA ( tamila jainoM meM bappArama aura arukur3am ke nAma se vidita ) thA / paraMparAnusAra aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ( jinakA samaya IsavI san se bhI pUrva kA hai) se saMbaddha yaha sthAna mahAn kuMdakuMdAcArya kA sthala aura prathama zatI IsavI meM unakI kuMdakuMdAnvaya paraMparA kA kendra rahA / taduparAMta, arhadabalI ne mUlasaMgha ko cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA, jinake nAma haiM : naMdi, sena, deva, evaM siMha / pratyeka saMgha punaH gacchoM evaM gaNoM meM vibhAjita thA / isI samaya vajranaMdI dvArA dravir3a saMgha kI sthApanA kI gayI jisakI zAkhAe~ samasta tamilanADu meM thIM aura yaha saMgha zravaNabelagolA ke mUlasaMgha se bhI saMbaddha thA / jaina gurutroM ke mukhya adhiSThAna pahAr3I upatyakAoM meM huA karate the, jinameM prAyaH prAkRtika guphAeM yA TeM hotI thIM / jana sAdhAraNa kI pahu~ca se dUra ina sthAnoM meM kahIM koI bharanA yA pahAr3I bhIla mila jAtI thI ( adhyAya 8 ) / bArahavIM zatI taka isa prakAra ke aneka sthala upayoga meM lAye jAte rahe / prAkRtika guphAoM meM prAyaH IMToM se maMdiroM kA nirmANa kara liyA jAtA thA jinameM sthApatya kalA ke viziSTa avayava hote the / ina maMdiroM meM plAsTara tathA raMgoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / isa zreNI ke sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdiyoM ke nirmita maMdira nikaTa atIta meM hI prakAza meM Aye haiM / inake bhagnAvazeSa uttara arkATa jile meM tirakkola aura grArmAmale meM upalabdha hue haiM jinameM se grAmamale ke khaNDaharoM meM eka ora zittannavAsala se Takkara lete hue tathA dUsarI ora ailorA kI jaina citrakalA se mela khAte hue citroM ke avazeSa prApta hue haiN| ciMgalapaTa jile meM ballimalai, zravaNabelagolA kI caMdragiri pahAr3I para guphA maMdira evaM anya jiloM meM isI prakAra ke aneka udAharaNa ginAye jA sakate haiM / uttara-arkATa meM tirumalai kA maMdira sabase bar3A maMdira hai / isakI racanA meM cola tathA rASTrakUTa sthApatya zailiyoM ke saMracanAtmaka tattva samAviSTa haiM aura sAtha hI donoM zailiyoM kI mUrti evaM citrakalA ke aMza bhI vidyamAna haiM / ballimale kI prAkRtika kaMdarAoM meM se eka ke vitAna para utkIrNa tIrthaMkara kI mUrti yukta maMdira jise aba subrahmaNya maMdira ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gayA hai tathA dUsarI kaMdarA meM jvAlAmAlinI yakSI kA maMdira ukta zailI ke ullekhanIya udAharaNa haiM / 192

Page #335
adhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha chaThI zatI ke aMtima caturthAMza meM rAjakIya prazraya ke aMtargata brAhmaNya evaM jaina dharmoM ke dhArmika sAdoM ke nirmANa meM caTTAna tathA prastara ke vizeSa prayoga se eka naye yuga kA sUtrapAtra haa| 578 meM cAlukya maMgaleza ne bAdAmI meM sthAnIya cikane balue patthara kI caTTAnoM meM viSNu ko samarpita guphAmaMdira zailotkIrNa karavAyA thaa| guphA-maMdira cAlukyakAlIna guphA-maMdiroM meM AyatAkAra staMbhayukta barAmadA yA mukhamaNDapa, eka nyUnAdhika vargAkAra staMbhayukta kakSa yA mahAmaNDapa aura lagabhaga vargAkAra garbhagRha hote haiN| ye maNDapa-zailI ke maMdiroM ke udAharaNa haiM jinameM urdhvastha caTTAna ke mukha para eka ke bAda dUsare kakSa nirmita hote haiN| bAdAmI pahAr3I zikhara ke uttarI DhAla para utkIrNa cAra maMdiroM meM se aMtima (jo kAlakramAnusAra bhI aMtima hai) aura sarvotkRSTa eka jaina maMdira sAtavIM zatI ke madhya meM utkIrNa aise jaina maMdiroM kA ekamAtra udAharaNa hai (citra 113 ka) / yahA~ nirmita anya tIna brAhmaNya maMdiroM kI rUparekhA ke samAna hote hue bhI jaina maMdira AkAra meM laghutama kiMtu alaMkaraNa meM sarvotkRSTa haiM / staMbhIya agrabhAga ke nIce sAmane kI ora eka choTA-sA cabUtarA hai aura apariSkRta bahirbhAga ke Upara eka kapota hai jisake nIce kA bhAga cikanA aura ghumAvadAra hai| kapota ke bIca meM kubera kI prAkRti utkIrNa hai| mukhamaNDapa ke agrabhAga meM cAra staMbha haiM aura donoM konoM para do bhitti-staMbha haiN| bIca ke do khAnedAra staMbha cAlukya zailI aura usake pratirUpoM kI pramukha vizeSatAnusAra adhika sajjA se banAye gaye haiN| anya guphAoM kI tulanA meM, ina bRhadAkAra staMbhoM ke vargAkAra AdhAra-bhAga meM kalApiNDa utkIrNa haiM jinameM kamala, mithuna yugala, latA-vallariyA~ tathA makara-vallariyA~ aMkita haiN| ina staMbhoM ke sunirmita zikhara, pallavazailI kI bhA~ti kalaza, (puSpAsana) aura kumbha ke alaMkaraNa yukta haiN| ina kalazoM ke agrabhAga meM mithunayugma utkIrNa haiM aura bahirbhAga meM kapota kI viparIta dizA meM muMha bAye vyAla-yukta nArIstaMbha haiN| potikAe~ yA dharane cAlukya zailIvat duhare stara kI haiM aura nicalA bhAga duhare ghumAva (kuNDalita) vAlA hai antaH evaM bAhya maNDapoM ke madhya cAra staMbha tathA do bhitti-staMbha aura haiN| mukha maNDapa kI chata Ar3I kar3iyoM dvArA pA~ca khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / madhya khaNDa meM vidyAdhara yugala kI / mUrti utkIrNa hai| mahAmaNDapa ke kevala tIna pravezadvAra haiN| donoM ora ke do staMbhoM aura bhittistaMbhoM ke bIca kA bhAga eka proTa bhitti se baMda kara diyA gayA hai| prAr3I dharanoM dvArA tIna khaNDoM meM vibhakta chata ke madhyabhAga meM eka dUsarA vidyAdhara yugala aMkita hai| maMdira ke pravezadvAra taka pahu~cane ke lie aMtaHmaNDapa kI pichalI mitti ke madhyabhAga meM tIna zailotkIrNa sopAna aura eka caMdrazIla kA prAvadhAna hai (citra 113 kh)| .. pravezadvAra pA~ca citakabarI zAkhAoM ke pakSoM se nirmita hai| yaha cAlukya zailI kI eka vizeSatA hai / mur3e hue kapota saradala para kuDu alaMkaraNayukta laghumaMdiroM ke pratirUpoM kI uttarAMga zRMkhalA banI huI hai; jinameM zAlAe~, dvitala maNDapa yA aTTAlikAe~ haiN| zAlA-mukha para tIrthaMkara 193

Page #336
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| madhyabhAga kI rUparekhA kuDu toraNa kI hai jisake zIrSa para udgama rUpa kA ardhatoraNa hai / Upara ke bAloM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna padmAsana mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake donoM ora camaradhArI haiN| pravezadvAra ke donoM pakSoM ke AdhAra-bhAga meM dvArapAla phalaka haiN| garbhagRha meM siMhAsana para pratiSThita mahAvIra kI mUrti hai, jisase garbhagRha ke pIche kA ardhAdhika kSetra ghira gayA hai| donoM maNDapoM ke siroM kI bhittiyoM ke pAloM meM gommaTezvara (citra 114 ka) evaM tIrthaMkaroM - pArzvanAtha (citra 115) tathA AdinAtha (citra 114 kha) ityAdi - kI mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake caturdika prabhAvalI hai jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| cAra mUrtiyA~ UparI bhAga meM, aThAraha lagha mUrtiyA~ pAvoM meM ora nau-nau, tathA zeSa do apekSAkRta bar3I aura kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ prabhAvalI ke staMbha-toraNa ke pratyeka AdhAra-bhAga meM utkIrNa haiM / mukhya pratimA ke donoM ora yakSa-yakSI zAsanadevatA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM / paravartI mUrtiyA~, jo khaDgAsana-mudrA meM haiM adhikAMzataH tIrthaMkaroM kI haiM staMbhoM aura bhitti-staMbhoM ke caturdika chenI se kuredakara yA ukerakara khokhalA karane kI vidhi se banAyI gayI haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM staMbhoM ke zIrSabhAga kA saMpUrNa kSetra jar3e hue gomeda ratnoM kI bhA~ti tIrthaMkaroM laghu mUrtiyoM se maNDita hai jisameM mahAvIra kI apekSAkRta bar3I mUti kendrIya bhAga meM utkIrNa hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki guphAmaMdira ke nirmANoparAMta adhika alaMkaraNa hetu ye sajjAeM kI jAtI thiiN| aihole kisI samaya eka vANijya-pradhAna mahAnagara evaM 'anindya paMcazatoM' kA pramukha keMdra thaa| yahA~ kI meguTI pahAr3I ke dakSiNa-pUrvI bhAga meM menAvasti jaina guphA-maMdira (citra 116 ka) hai| yaha sAtavIM zatI ke aMta tathA AThavIM zatI ke prAraMbha meM tanika bhinna saMracanAtmaka yojanAnusAra banA thaa| yahIM ke rAvalaguDI brAhmaNya guphA-maMdira ke sadRza isameM bhI sAde vargAkAra aMtarAlayukta staMbhoM ke pIche eka saMkIrNa maNDapa hai| staMbhoM ke kendrIya aMtarAla ko chor3a kara zeSa ko caukora prastara-khaNDoM dvArA baMda kara diyA gayA hai| maNDapa kI bAyIM pArzva bhitti para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti apane zAsanadevoM - dharaNeMdra evaM padmAvatI - tathA anya anucaroM ke sAtha utkIrNa hai| aMta:maNDapa vargAkAra kakSa kI bhA~ti hai jisameM do pArzva maMdira haiM jo isakI pArzva bhittiyoM meM ukerakara banAye gaye haiM / mahAvIra ko samarpita bAyIM ora kA maMdira vastuta: apUrNa hai| isameM kaI paricArakagaNa bhI haiM jo ardhanirmita pratIta hote haiN| pichale maMdira meM praveza ke lie do staMbhoM se nirmita tIna aMtaHmArga haiM jinake sammukha ailIpheMTA zailI ke samarUpa U~cI pagar3IvAle do dvArapAla eka vAmana puruSa tathA strIanucara ke sAtha khar3e haiN| bAdAmI guphA-maMdira ke sadRza isa maMdira meM mahAvIra kI padmAsana pratimA hai| aihole kI isa pahAr3I kI adhityakA ke ThIka nIce aura meguTI maMdira ke nikaTa hI eka aura dvitala guphA-maMdira hai jisakA kucha bhAga nirmita racanA hai tathA kucha zailotkIrNa (citra 116 kha); yA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki isa rUpa meM yaha prAkRtika guphA hI ho| isameM do Upara se banAye gaye maNDapa haiM jinameM se pratyeka ke Age cAra staMbha, do vargAkAra bhitti-staMbha aura sAdI vakra dharaneM haiN| UparI maNDapa kI chata ke madhya meM vastradhArI tIrthaMkara kI laghu mUrti padmAsana-mudrA meM utkIrNa hai jisake 194

Page #337
adhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha zIrSa para chatra-traya hai| 'usI maNDapa ke eka sire para eka lambA kakSa hai jisameM prAMzika rUpa meM zailotkIrNa tIna maMdira haiM aura thor3A nIce kI ora eka aura maMdira prAraMbhika sthiti meM hai| nicale tala ke garbhagRha kI ora jAnevAle dvAra kI caukhaTa, alaMkRta bahuzAkhA prakAra kI haiN| isakI rUparekhA lagabhaga menAbasti maMdira ke sadRza hai tathA pazu, mAnava, evaM patrapuSpAdi ke citraNa se vizuddha rUpa meM sajjita hai| dvAra-caukhaTa ke uttarAMga para dakSiNa zailI meM laghu maMdira bhI aMkita kiye gaye hai| staMbhoM aura bAhara kI caTTAna para utkIrNa abhilekhoM meM adhikAMzata: vyaktiyoM ke nAma mAtra haiN| ina abhilekhoM tathA vAstu zailI se isa guphA-maMdira kI tithi sAtavIM zatI nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai| megaTI pahAr3I kI pazcimI DhalAna para zailotkIrNa choTe-se jaina maMdira meM mukhyataH garbhagRha aura eka sAdA mukhamaNDapa hai| maMdira kA pravezadvAra trizAkha zailI kA hai jisake dvArA mukhamaNDapa meM hote hae garbhagRha meM praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| mUrti ke pAdapITha ke mukhabhAga para aMkita siMha-pratIka tathA anya vivaraNoM se pratIta hotA hai ki gatikA meM prasthApita padmAsana mUrti mahAvIra kI thI jo aba naSTa ho gayI hai| pUrvokta dvitala maMdira kI bhA~ti isa maMdira kI tithi bhI sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnI jaayegii| rASTrakaTa narezoM ke sattA-grahaNa ke sAtha-sAtha sthApatya kalA kI gatividhi kA pramukha kendra elApura yA elorA kI ora ho gayA thaa| elorA meM utkIrNa bauddha tathA brAhmaNya guphAoM ke pazcAt zailotkIrNa jaina guphA maMdiroM kI eka zrRMkhalA hai, sAtha hI yahA~ ikahare, zilAkhaNDa para utkIrNa vimAna kI pratikRti, pUrvavartI tathA vizAla brAhmaNya kailAsa kI anukRti para banAyA gayA 'choTA kailAsa', tathA isakI aura bhI choTI anukRti iMdrasabhA ke prAMgaNa meM hai| elorA kI guphAoM meM aisI zailotkIrNa jaina guphAoM kI saMkhyA 30 aura 40 taka hai, jo elorA pahAr3I ke uttarI bhAga meM haiM aura dumaleMnA nAmaka vizAla brAhmaNya guphA se lagabhaga 1200 mITara uttara meM haiN| yaha guphA-maMdira nirmANa kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM milate haiN| inakI rUparekhA, zailI aura abhilekhoM se spaSTa hai ki ye maMdira AThavIM zatAbdI ke aMta athavA nauvIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM utkIrNa kiye gaye the aura bAda meM bhI inakA nirmANa-kArya calatA rahA thaa| jaina maMdira-zrRMkhalA meM iMdrasabhA (guphA 32) evaM jagannAthasabhA (guphA 33) vizeSa ullekhanIya aura bhavya haiN| inameM sarvaprathama nirmita iMdrasabhA (citra 117) sabase bar3A dakSiNamukhI dvitala maMdira hai| yaha maMdira zaila sthApatya kalA kA viziSTa namUnA hai, jo vAstava meM eka maMdira na hokara, maMdirasamUha hI hai / dvitala guphA ke samakSa prAMgaNa meM akhaNDa zilA kA vimAna hai jisakI pUrva dizA meM sAmane kI ora eka hAthI banA hai| aura pazcima meM kuMbha-maNDita-kalaza zailI kA mAnastaMbha hai, jisake zikhara para caturdika brahma yakSa kI pratimAeM haiN| proTa-bhitti ke gopura dvAra se prAMgaNa meM praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| khule hue utkIrNa prAMgaNa kI pArzva bhittiyoM meM eka ora do laghu staMbhIya maNDapa utkIrNa kiye gaye haiM aura dUsarI ora eka ardhanirmita vIthI hai| inameM pArzvanAtha (citra 118 ka), gommaTa (citra 118 kha) 195

Page #338
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 - [ bhAga 4 kubera, aMbikA, sumatinAtha tathA anya tIrthaMkara evaM yakSoM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| agrabhAga kI bhAMti prAMgaNa ke tIna ora pracura zilpAMkanoM ke kAraNa isake dvitala hone kA AbhAsa hotA hai| mukhya guphA kA nicalA tala ardhanirmita hai tathA usakI rUparekhA bhI kucha vilakSaNa hai| isake sAmane eka maNDapa hai jisameM cAra staMbha evaM cAra vargAkAra bhitti-staMbha haiM jinameM se eka para tIrthakara abhilekhAMkita digaMbara mUrti utkIrNa hai| maNDapa kI bhA~ti hI usake Age eka dostaMbhoMvAlA aA~gana hai (citra 116), jo pIche kI ora eka ardhamaNDapa se hokara garbhagRha kI ora pahuMcatA hai| maMdira sunirmita hai aura usameM tIrthaMkara kI vizAla pratimA sthApita hai| do tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ aura bhI haiM jinameM se eka maNDapa ke pazcimI sire para zAntinAtha kI mUrti hai| ina mUrtiyoM ke pIche eka aura maMdira hai jisameM rItigata mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| maNDapa ke pUrvI yA dAyeM sire para sIr3hiyA~ haiM jo UparI tala para jAtI haiN| UparI tala para keMdrIya kakSa hai jisake donoM siroM para do atirikta garbhagaha haiN| ina tInoM ke chajje khule A~gana meM nikalate haiN| sAmane ke maNDapa meM kumbhAvalI tathA aMtarAlayukta kalazazIrSa-zailI ke do staMbha haiN| pUrvI pArzva ke bhItara donoM ora tIrthaMkaroM kI pA~ca khar3agAsana pratimAeM haiM jinake donoM pora kubera tathA aMbikA aMkita haiN| maNDapa ke donoM siroM para kubera aura aMbikA kI inase baDI tathA adhika suMdara mUrtiyA~ haiN| mukhya kakSa meM cAra prakAra ke bAraha staMbha haiM, jinakI pArzva bhittiyA~ pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| keMdrIya bhAga auroM se kucha bar3A hai| isa bhAga meM, jaisA ki cakra-pratIka se spaSTa hai, sumatinAtha kI padmAsana mUrti aMkita hai| anya cAra bhAgoM meM bhI tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ aMkita kI gayI haiN| maNDapa kI pichalI bhitti meM utkIrNa mukhya maMdira mahAvIra ko samarpita hai| isameM praveza ke lie bane saMkIrNa dvAra-maNDapa meM suMdara rUpa se utkIrNa, patale kalaza-zikhara yukta do staMbha haiM jinake Upara kapota sahita eka saradala (uttarAMga) hai| uttarAMga ke Upara eka paMkti meM pA~ca laghu maMdiroM anukRtiyA~ haiN| dvAra ke donoM ora kI bhitti para do khaDgAsana tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ haiN| isase Age, bhitti ke pUrvI chora para eka pArzvanAtha kI tathA do sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke phalaka haiN| isI prakAra pazcimI chora para eka gommaTa tathA do sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke phalaka haiN| maNDapa kI chata aura usakI gharanoM para raMga-lepana kiyA gayA hai| raMga-lepana kI do parateM haiN| maNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrvI kone se eka aura guphA-maMdira kI ora jAyA jAtA hai, jo A~gana kI pUrvI bhitti kI dakSiNI caTTAna ko kATakara banAyA gayA hai / yaha maMdira mukhya maMdira sahita sumatinAtha ko samarpita hai| sAmane ke maNDapa meM kalaza-zIrSayukta cAra staMbha haiM aura usakI chata ke madhya meM kamala utkIrNa hai| bhittiyA~, vitAna evaM garbhagRha atyaMta suMdara citrAMkanoM se AveSTita haiM aura abhI taka paryApta rUpa meM surakSita haiN| ur3ate hae gaMdharva evaM vidyAdhara yugaloM ke atirikta aMtarAla kI chata para nRtya kI caturbhagI-mudrA meM aSTabhujI devatA kA eka atyaMta rocaka citrAMkana hai| isa citra meM zivaparaka kisI bhI pratIka ke abhAva se spaSTa hai ki yaha kisI jaina devatA kA citra hai, kadAcita iMdra kA ho| 196

Page #339
zradhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha mukhya kakSa ke dakSiNa-pazcimI kone para sumatinAtha ko arpita vaise hI tathA bahuta suMdara citroM se sajjita eka aura maMdira hai jahA~ ke citra uparyukta maMdira kI bhA~ti surakSita nahIM raha pAye haiM / isa maMdira ke utkhanana kI cittAkarSaka vizeSatA isake agrabhAga ke kapota haiM jo nicale tala ko UparI tala se alaga karate haiM aura UparI tala ke UparI AveSTana kA kAma dete haiM / kapota utkRSTa zilpAMkanayukta haiM / nicale kapota para siMha aura hAthI tathA UparI kapota para tIrthaMkara pratimAoM se yukta laghu maMdiroM kI zilpAkRtiyA~ haiM / A~gana meM bane akhaNDa zilA vimAna kI carcA Age kI jAyegI / jagannAtha - sabhA ( guphA 33, citra 120 ka ) iMdra-sabhA ke samAna hI hai, kiMtu rUparekhA suvyavasthita nahIM hai / bhUmitala para tIna kramahIna garbhagRhoM kA eka samUha hai| pratyeka apane meM eka ikAI hai, jisameM agra tathA mahAmaNDapa haiM / zrA~gana kI ora khulanevAlA mukhya garbhagRha Dhaha cukA hai jisase dakSiNamukhI pravezadvArayukta prAkAra bhitti tathA madhya maNDapa ke avazeSa nAmamAtra hI dRSTigocara hote haiM / isa tala para cAra staMbhoM kA sAmAnya mukhamaNDapa hai tathA donoM ora kubera ( ? ) ( citra 121) aura siMha para ArUr3ha aMbikA ( citra 122 ) hai / pichalA kakSa vargAkAra hai / usakI pratyeka pArzva bhitti para eka vizAla devakulikA hai / ina devakulikAoM meM tathA unakI pArzva bhittiyoM para gommaTa, pArzvanAtha aura anya tIrthaMkaroM (citra 123) kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / sumatinAtha ko samarpita pRSThabhAga ke maMdira meM eka mukhamaNDapa hai / isa tala ke staMbha do prakAra ke haiM- kalaza-zIrSa-yukta evaM kumbhavalli - kalaza-zIrSayukta ( citra 125 ) / apane sUkSma zilpAMkanoM tathA anya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa yaha guphA paravartI tithi kI pratIta hotI hai / isa tala ke anya do garbhagRhoM kI rUparekhA aura sAja-sajjA bhI lagabhaga eka samAna hai / dUsare tala para pahu~cane ke lie iMdra-sabhA maMdira samUha kI pArzva bhitti ke UparI maMdira ke dakSiNa - pUrvI kone meM se caTTAna kATakara sIr3hiyA~ banAyI gayI haiN| UparI tala adhika surakSita evaM utkRSTa hai / isameM bAraha vizAla staMbhoMvAlA navaraMga kakSa hai / iMdra-sabhA ke sadRza bIca meM cAra aura donoM ora ATha staMbha haiM / kucha staMbhoM meM vargAkAra AdhAra evaM kalaza zIrSa haiN| sabhI staMbha atyaMta alaMkRta haiN| maMdira ke pRSThabhAga meM eka susajjita pravezadvAra hai jisake donoM ora tIrthaMkara - mUrtiyA~ haiM / mUrtiyoM ke donoM ora kubera aura aMbikA haiM / pArzva bhittiyoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM, aura kakSa kI chata para prAcIna citrakalA ke avazeSa bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki maNDapa kI chata ke madhyabhAga meM vRttAkAra citrAMkana thA jisameM samavasaraNa pradarzita kiyA gayA thA / aba isakA aMzamAtra hI zeSa hai / : maNDapa ke pUrvI chora para eka kone meM eka choTA maMdira hai jo rUparekhA meM nicale tala ke maMdira bhA~ti hai, kiMtu adhika saMpUrNa evaM pracura zilpAMkana yukta hai / 197

Page #340
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [bhAga 4 prAMgaNa kI dakSiNI bhitti para zailotkIrNa guphA-maMdira hai choTA kailAsa (guphA 30) jisameM garbhagRha, aMtarAla evaM mukhamaNDapa haiM / yaha maMdira sumatinAtha ko samarpita hai| isake aMtarAla meM pArzvanAtha, kubera tathA aMbikA kI mUrtiyA~ haiM aura maNDapa kI bhittiyoM para anya mUrtiyA~ pracura mAtrA meM utkIrNa haiN| isake samIpa eka ora zailotkIrNa guphA (guphA 30 ka) meM kevala eka lambA kakSa evaM kumbhavallI -zIrSa prakAra ke staMbhoM kA dvAra-maNDapa hai| kakSa ke madhya meM eka caumukhI jaina pratimA hai| kapotoM para ur3ate hue gaMdharva aMkita haiM aura dvAra-maNDapa ke donoM ora kakSAsana bane haiN| hAla ke utkhanana meM isa maMdira-samUha se pUrva kI ora katipaya apUrNa maMdira mile haiN| inameM alpa mahattva kI zilpAkRtiyA~ haiN| unameM se eka tIrthakara kI khar3agAsa ti hai jisake pIche 'TiruvAcI' yA prabhAmaNDala hai jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| elorA kI narama kAle patthara kI caTTAna para guphA-maMdiroM kA utkhanana dasavIM zatAbdI meM huA hogA, kiMtu isake anaMtara bhI kucha alaMkaraNa-kArya huA pratIta hotA hai| maMdira-sthApatya-kalA kI dRSTi se, vizeSataH apane vAstuzilpIya avayavoM kI paripUrNatA ke saMdarbha meM, elorA kI anya guphAoM se ye maMdira adhika utkRSTa haiN| kyoMki alaMkaraNa, veSabhUSA, bhaMgimA evaM mudrA ke sauMdarya ko gauNa devatAoM kI pratimAoM meM hI abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA thA, ataeva inake aMkana meM kalA-kauzala kA bahata dhyAna rakhA gyaa| tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ rItyAnusAra samAna mudrA evaM zailI meM hI nirmita hotI thIM, ataH ye mUrtiyA~ utanI sudara nahIM bana par3I haiM / jaina vAstu-smArakoM ke alaMkRta zilpAMkana-prAcurya meM, kalA-kauzala kI pUrNatA meM, vizeSataH staMbhoM kI vibhinna zailiyoM meM, sauMdarya kI parAkASThA ke darzana hote hai| unameM parilakSita hai pASANa ko kATane-chA~Tane kA sUkSma evaM yathArtha kauzala; yadyapi, alaMkaraNasauMdarya ke hote hue bhI, itanA to spaSTa hai ki yaha maMdira kisI pUrva-nizcita yojanAnusAra utkhanita nahIM kiye gaye aura lagatA hai ki jaba jaise banA vaise hI kAma calAyA gayA hai / phira bhI, saca to yaha hai ki zAstrIya rUpavAna citrAMkanoM se sajjita ye maMdira bhArata kI kalAtmaka dena kA mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| zalotkIrNa maMdira dakSiNa meM tathA anyatra guphA-maMdiroM ke utkhanana kI paraMparA lagabhaga eka sahasra varSa prAcIna hai| guphA-maMdiroM kI AMtarika tathA bAhya racanA IMTa tathA lakar3I se nirmita sama-sAmayika bhavanoM kI prAMtarika evaM bAhya racanA kA sarvottama pratirUpa hai| ThIka yahI sthiti vimAna-maMdiroM kI bhI hai| gaphAmaMdiroM ke utkhanana ke sAtha-sAtha hI vimAna zailI ke maMdiroM kA utkhanana prAraMbha huA, yadyapi unakA utkhanana apekSAkRta alpa saMkhyA meM hI thaa| pallavanareza narasiMhavarmana-prathama mAmalla (630-668) ne sarvaprathama sthAnIya kaThora sphaTikavat (grenAiTa) nAisa patthara kI caTTAnoM ko kATakara vividha rUparekhA aura vistAra ke zailotkIrNa maMdiroM kA sUtrapAta karAyA jisakA suMdara udAharaNa mahAbalIpurama ke ratha-maMdiroM 198

Page #341
adhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina maMdiroM ke bAhya AkAra ko IMTa-lakar3I se nirmita bhavana kI rUparekhA dene ke lie akhaNDa caTTAna ko pahale Upara se nIce kI ora kATA jAtA thA aura phira bhItara utkhanana karake maNDapa tathA garbhagaha ke vibhinna aMga utkIrNa kiye jAte the / kAlAMtara meM pallava rAjya aura sudUra dakSiNa meM ina zailotkIrNa maMdiroM ne prastara-nirmita maMdiroM ke udbhava kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| samasAmayika bAdAmI cAlukyoM ke rAjyakAla meM IMTa-lakar3I se nirmita bhavana ke mUla svarUpa ke anusAra akhaNDa zilA para utkIrNa maMdiroM kI paraMparA ko chor3a diyA gyaa| isa yuga meM balue prastara-khaNDa kATakara cinAI dvArA maMdira-nirmANa prAraMbha hA kyoMki apekSita mApa ke prastara-khaNDa kATanA adhika suvidhAjanaka thaa| kiMtu akhaNDa zilA se maMdira-racanA kA vicAra itanA adbhuta thA ki tatkAlIna evaM paravartI rAjavaMzoM tathA kSetroM meM isa zailI kA bahuta prasAra huA / udAharaNataH, tirunalavelI jile meM pANDavoM kA beTTavAnkovila, vijayavAr3A, aMdavallI aura bhairavakoNDA ke maMdira kramaza: veMgI cAlukyoM tathA telagucoloM ke prazraya meM nirmita hue| dhamanara (jilA maMdasaura), masarUra (jilA kAMgar3A), gvAliyara (caturbhujI maMdira), kolagA~va (jilA bhAgalapura) jaise dUravartI kSetroM meM bhI isa prakAra ke maMdira kI racanA kA vistAra daSTigocara hotA hai| pazcima bhArata ke bauddha gaphA-caitya-kakSoM meM utkIrNa stUpoM tathA vidizA jile meM udayagiri kI 'tavA' guphA meM upalabdha guptakAlIna ardhavikasita, lagabhaga vRttAkAra, vimAna-maMdira meM prakhaNDa-zilA-maMdira ke mUlasvarUpa ko dekhA jA sakatA hai jise balue patthara kI kisI ekAkI caTTAna meM ardhavRttAkAra nIMva kATakara Upara tave ke AkAra ke sapATa zilAkhaNDa se AcchAdita kiyA gayA hai| dakSiNa meM rASTrakUToM ke pUrvavartI cAlukyoM dvArA vikasita kI gayI prastara-nirmita maMdira-zailI aura isa zailI meM rASTrakUToM kI apanI upalabdhiyoM ke hote hue bhI rASTra kUTa rAjAoM ne elorA ke prasiddha kailAsa nAmaka akhaNDa-zilA-maMdira-samUha kI racanA meM eka bRhada caTTAna ke madhyabhAga ko kATakara vimAna maMdira, cAroM ora paridhIya maMdira, saMkeMdrita maNDapa tathA pArzvavartI prAkAroM se yukta gopura aura inake bIca meM eka khule hue A~gana ko utkIrNa kara akhaNDa-zilA-maMdira vinyAsa kA atyaMta sAhasika paga uThAyA thaa| ziva ko samarpita isa maMdira kI racanA kA zreya rASTakUTa rAjA kRSNatRtIya (757-83) ko diyA jAtA hai| yadyapi yaha maMdira apane varga meM sarvAdhika bRhadAkAra hai, sthAnIya jainoM ne vahIM elorA kI coTI para isI vinyAsa meM eka choTe kailAsa-maMdira-samUha kI racanA kii| choTA kailAsa aura iMdra-sabhA-prAMgaNa meM utkIrNa caumukhI-vimAna akhaNDa-zilA-maMdira-saMracanA ke caramotkarSa ke pratIka haiN| choTA kailAsa (gaphA 30) bahata kailAsa se eka cauthAI vistAra kA hai| choTA karane kI prakriyA meM isakI adhiracanA anupAtahIna ho gayI hai aura apUrNa bhI hai| madhya zilA ko cAroM ora se kATakara 40425 mITara kSetra kA gaDDhA banAyA gayA hai / maMdira kA mukha pazcima kI ora hai| mukhya vimAna meM anya jaina maMdiroM ke sadRza do tala haiM jinake kAraNa ye khaMDa aura bhI adhika anupAtahIna lagate haiN| nIce ke khaNDa meM yakSa-yakSI dvArA paricArita mahAvIra kI vizAla pratimA garbhagRha meM - 199

Page #342
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 pratiSThita hai| pratIta hotA hai ki Upara ke khaNDa meM anucaroM sahita sumatinAtha kI mUrti sthApita hai| garbhagaha sahita Upara ke khaNDa meM aSTabhajIya grIvA evaM zikhara haiM jo ise dravir3a zailIya vimAna kA rUpa pradAna karate haiN| nIce ke maMdira kI pArzva bhittiyoM para tIrthakara-mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM tathA uttarI bhitti para eka aSTabhujI devI kI mUrti hai| cAlukya-rASTra kUTa zailI ke dvAra-staMbha bahuzAkhA prakAra ke haiM jo guptakAlIna uttara bhArata kI dena haiN| saradala ke Upara uttarAMga ke rUpa meM donoM siroM para do kUTa yA vargAkAra laghu vimAna utkIrNa haiM aura madhya meM zAlA yA AyatAkAra laghu vimAna zilpAMkita haiN| maMdira ke pUrva eka choTA-sA aMtarAla tathA mahAmaNDapa hai jisameM solaha staMbha haiN| inameM se kucha kalaza zIrSa prakAra ke evaM anya kubhavallI prakAra ke staMbha haiN| mahAmaNDapa ke cAroM konoM para cAra-cAra ke samUha meM staMbha haiM / maNDapa meM tIna ora uttara, pazcima aura dakSiNa se praveza saMbhava hai| tInoM pravezadvAroM ke samakSa bRhat kailAsa kI bhA~ti staMbhIya dvAramaNDapa haiM, jahA~ uttara bhAratIya maMdiroM tathA unake pratirUpa dakSiNI cAlukya maMdiroM ke samAna kakSAsana pIThikAeM banI huI haiN| pazcimI mukhyadvAra ke donoM ora eka-eka dvArapAla aMkita haiN| rocaka bAta yaha hai ki dvAramaNDapa ke donoM ora kI bhittiyoM para nRtya-mudrA meM ziva kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM aura dakSiNI bhitti para devI kI eka ardhanirmita mUrti bhI hai / UparI khaNDa ke garbhagRha ke pahale zukanAsA hai jo aMtarAla ke Upara hokara dUsare khaNDa ke garbhagRha kI ora jAtI hai| zukanAsA bhI uttara bhAratIya maMdiroM tathA unake cAlukya-rASTra kuTa pratirUpa kI pratIka hai| A~gana ke gopura-pravezadvAra ke samakSa eka dvAramaNDapa hai jisameM tIrthaMkaroM, gauNa devatAoM evaM SaTbhujI devI kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / iMdra-sabhA ke sAmanevAle A~gana meM utkIrNa eka jaina caumukha yA caturmukha vimAna (citra 125) eka adbhuta kalAkRti hai, jisakI dakSiNI vimAna-zailI meM kucha anya vizeSatAe~ bhI sammilita haiN| yaha vimAna tIna khaNDoM kA hai aura rUparekhA meM vargAkAra hai, kiMtu isakI grIvA aura zikhara aSTabhujI haiM, jisase yaha dakSiNa zailI kA viziSTa dravir3a-vimAna bana jAtA hai| stUpI, jo akhaNDa zilA se bhinna zilAkhaNDa rahA hogA, aba alaga hI jA par3A hai| bhUmitala para cAroM dizAoM meM pravezadvAra haiM jinake Age dvAramaNDapa haiN| pravezadvAroM ke sAtha sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiM jo adhiSThAna yA caukI taka pahu~catI haiN| adhiSThAna kapota-baMdha prakAra kA hai, jisameM upAna, kumuda, kaNTha evaM kapota bane haiN| kapota kI prati UparI garbhagRha ke pharza kA kAma detI hai| prakSipta dvAramaNDapoM meM unnata staMbha haiN| pratyeka staMbha kA AdhAra vargAkAra tathA daNDa aSTakoNIya hai / zikhara bhAga para kubha kI racanA adhikAMzataH pramukha hai paraMtu kalaza yA lazuna aura tADi (puSpAsana) ko laghurUpa dekara zIrSastha kiyA gayA hai| prastara yA saradala para kuNDalita kapota bane haiM jinake prakSipta aMzoM para koNa-paTTa yA belabUTe aMkita haiN| garbhagRha meM eka keMdrIya mUrtipaTTa ke caturdika tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ banI haiM, jinake mukha cAra pravezadvAroM kI ora haiN| dvAramaNDapa ke saradaloM para paMjaravat nAsikAna tathA siMhamukhI kaMgare haiM / ve hAra kI laghuzAlA yA bhadrazAlA ke DhaluvA~ zIrSa ke madhya bhAga se kahIM adhika prakSipta haiM / hAra ke cAra kone haiM, pratyeka kone para eka karNakUTa yA vimAna kI vargAkAra laghu anukRti hai jisakA zikhara (kUTa) aNDAkAra hai aura usapara dakSiNI-vizAla-zailI ke anusAra eka stUpI hai| dUsare khaNDa 200

Page #343
adhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha (ka) bAdAmI - jaina guphA-mandira, bAharI bhAga (kha) bAdAmI - jaina guphA-mandira, aMtaH bhAga citra 113

Page #344
bAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) bAdAmI - jaina guphA-mandira, gommaTezvara (kha) bAdAmI - jaina guphA-mandira, tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha citra 114 .

Page #345
adhyAya 18 ] bAdAmI jaina guphA mandira, tIrthaMkara, pArzvanAtha citra 115 dakSiNApatha

Page #346
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) aihole - mainAbasti guphA-mandira, bAharI bhAga (kha) aihole - jaina guphA-mandira, bAharI bhAga citra 116

Page #347
adhyAya 18 ] elorA indrasabhA (guphA se 32), bAharI bhAga citra 117 dakSiNApatha

Page #348
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [bhAga 4 (ka) elorA - indra sabhA (guphA saM0 32), tIrthakara pAzrvanAtha (kha) elorA - gommaTezvara (guphA saM0 32) citra 118

Page #349
adhyAya 18 ] UBBFED elorA akha stambha, guphA saM0 32 citra 119 dakSiNApatha

Page #350
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 (ka) elorA - guphA saM0 33, bAharI bhAga (kha) aihole - meguTI mandira citra 120

Page #351
adhyAya 18 ] kA ailorA kubera, guphA saM0 33 citra 121 dakSiNApatha .

Page #352
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 elorA - ambikA yakSI, guphA saM0 33 citra 122

Page #353
adhyAya 18] dakSiNApatha RALISTOTLE elorA - tIrthakara, guphA saM0 33 citra 123 For Privale & Personal Use Only

Page #354
vAstu-smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 elorA - guphA saM033, aMta: bhAga citra 124

Page #355
adhyAya 18] dakSiNApatha kA cauka nicale khaNDa se choTA tathA kama U~cAI kA hai| isameM caturdika prakSipta cAra nAsikAe~ haiM, kiMtu hAra kI zAlAe~ yA kUTa nahIM haiN| nAsikA-toraNa siMhamukhI kaMgUroM se AveSTita haiN| tIsare ra kA cauka aura bhI choTA tathA kama U~cA hai| isameM hAra ke aMgakUTa zAlA yA paMjara kucha bhI nahIM hai, kiMtu cAroM konoM kI coTI para cAra siMha bane haiM jo jaina maMdiroM ke viziSTa pratIka haiM aura zAstrokta mAnyatA ke anusAra banAye gaye haiM / jaina zAstroM ke anusAra zIrSastha khaNDa bhUmitala ke garbhagRha meM jisa tIrthaMkara kI mukhya pratimA pratiSThita kI jAye usake pratIka yA vAhana ko vimAna ke zIrSastha khaNDa ke konoM para aMkita kiyA jAnA cAhie / aSTabhujI grIvA zikhara ke ATha koNoM se laghu mahAnAsikAe~ DhaluvA~ chata kI bhA~ti bAhara kI ora nikalI huI haiN| choTA kailAsa evaM caumukha meM bRhat kailAsa kI bhA~ti AThavIM zatI kI vimAna-maMdira-zailI kI sabhI viziSTatAe~ vidyamAna haiN| choTe kailAsa kI apekSA caumukha maMdira sthApatya kI adhika sarala evaM bhavya kRti hai| nimita maMdira prastara-nirmita racanAoM ke AdyarUpoM meM pUrvavartI cAlukyoM dvArA unakI rAjadhAniyoM bAdAmI, mahAkuTezvara tathA aihole aura paTaDakala nagaroM meM nirmita kucha jaina racanAe~ haiM jinameM aihole kA meguTI maMdira (citra 120 kha) apanI utkRSTatA evaM AdhArazilA ke purAlekhIya sAkSya kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha abhilekha saMskRta padya ke rUpa meM hai, jo koI sAmAnya racanA nahIM hai, varana usa yuga kI prazaMsAtmaka kAvya-racanA kA sudara udAharaNa hai| abhilekha meM pulakezI-dvitIya ke rAjyakAla meM san 634 meM isa maMdira ke nirmANa kA varNana hai| isameM pulakezI-dvitIya kI vibhinna vijaya-yAtrAoM kA bhI vivaraNa hai evaM isake racayitA ravikIrti kI prazaMsA karate hue usakI tulanA kAlidAsa aura bhAravi se kI gayI hai| yaha maMdira mukhyataH baMda-maNDapa prakAra kA cauka hai jisameM madhya ke cAra staMbhoM ke sthAna para garbhagRha hai| isakI eka bAharI bhitti bAraha sImAvartI bhitti-staMbhoM ko jor3ate hue banAyI gayI hai| isa prakAra bhItara aura bAhara kI bhitti ke bIca meM parikramA karane ke lie sAMdhAra-mArga bana gayA hai| isase bane garbhagRha kI chata para eka aura maMdira banA hai| mukhya garbhagRha ke tIna ora aMtima pAzvavartI konoM aura madhyavartI khaNDa meM pA~ca kakSa banAye gaye, jabaki sAmane ke khaNDa aura pUrvavartI konoM ke samAnAMtara kSetroM meM eka Ar3e DhaMga kA AyatAkAra maNDapa hai| pIche ke do kakSa mukhya garbhagRha kI bhA~ti vargAkAra, kiMtu apekSAkRta choTe haiM aura garbhagRha ke samAnAMtara na hokara thor3A pIche kI ora hote hue do pArzva maMdiroM kA nirmANa karate haiN| unake sAtha usI paMkti meM mukhya garbhagRha ke pArzvavartI do AyatAkAra kakSa haiN| donoM aMtarAla-maNDapa ke rUpa meM haiM tathA sAmane ke saMyukta maNDapa kI pora khulate haiN| aMtarAla-maNDapoM kI chata samatala hai jabaki pIche ke vargAkAra kakSoM kI chata DhaluvA~ hai| 201

Page #356
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [bhAga 4 saMyukta maNDapa kI chata bhI isI prakAra DhaluvA~ hai / isa prakAra isa maMdira kI saMracanA trikUTa ( tIna maMdiroM kA samUha ) kA adbhuta rUpa hai jisameM tInoM maMdira eka paMkti meM aura eka hI vistAra ke na ho hokara pArzva ke do apekSAkRta choTe haiM aura bar3e garbhagRha ke pIche haiM / samasta saMracanA kA nirmANa eka goTAyukta adhiSThAna para sIdhI mAna- sUtra rekhA meM huA hai, jisake pratyeka aura cAra zAkhIya prakSepa bane hue haiN| do prakSepa do konoM para haiM aura do bIca meM haiM jisase unake madhya meM tIna saMkIrNa Ale bana gaye haiM | AdhArabhUta upAna aura jagati goToM ke Upara tripaTTa prakAra kA kumuda goTA hai| bAdAmI guphA sadRza gaNamUrtiyoM kI avaliyoM ke sAtha kumuda goTe para kaNTha kA prAdhikya hai / kaNTha ke Upara kucha-kucha aMtara para kuDu alaMkaraNa sahita kapota banAye gaye haiM jisase kapota-baMdha prakAra ke adhiSThAna kA nirmANa huA hai / adhiSThAna se Upara kI bhitti zilpAMkanoM aura deva kulikAnoM se yukta hai| zilpAMkanoM ke bIca-bIca meM eka rUpa ke sapATa caturbhujI bhitti-staMbha haiM, jinake zIrSa para kalaza ( lazuna ), tADi ( puSpAsana), kumbha, pAli evaM phalaka banAye gaye haiM / potikAoM ke sire bhavya rUpa meM mur3e hue haiM aura taraMga meM sAdA madhyapaTTa haiM / prastara yA saradala bhI adhiSThAna kI bhA~ti kuNDalita kapota aura kuDualaMkaraNoM se sajjita hai jo uttIra (zahatIra ) aura valabhI ke Upara A jAte haiM / valabhI se Upara kI ora nikalate hue daNDikAvat prakSipta prAdhAra hai jo kapota- prakSepoM ke lie Teka kA kAma dete haiM / prastara para avaziSTa cihnoM se spaSTa hai ki vahA~ pahale kUToM aura zAlAoM kA hAra thA / ye kUTa bhitti ke konoM aura prastara para the, jisake kAraNa unakA nAma karNa-kUTa par3a gayA / kone kI ora madhyavartI zilA-phalakoM yA pratyeka ora ke bhadroM para sAde devakoSTha mUrtiyoM ko rakhane ke lie bane haiM jinameM aba mUrtiyA~ nahIM haiM / pArzva tathA pIche kI bhittiyoM ke AAloM meM pArzva tathA madhyavartI kakSoM ke aMtarAloM ko prakAzita karane ke lie jAlIdAra gavAkSa / maMdira ke bAhya bhitti-staMbha kI zailI, devakoSTha, Ale, prastara-saMracanA, avaziSTa anarpita prakAra kA hAra, UparI tala jo grIvA, zikhara aura stUpI (jinake hone se UparI tala kI racanA aSTakoNIya hotI) se rahita ye samasta vizeSatAe~ spaSTa saMketa detI haiM ki yaha maMdira dakSiNI vimAna-zailI kA hai / yahA~ itanA kaha denA ucita hogA ki cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa kAla ke aihole tathA anya cAlukya kSetroM ke sAre jaina maMdira dakSiNI yA vimAna - zailI ke haiM jabaki tatkAlIna brAhmaNya maMdira uttara bhAratIya rekha- prAsAda zailI ke bhI haiM / - maMdira kI mukhya saMracanA meM ardha mukha maNDapa bhI jur3A huA hai jo AyatAkAra hai / isake samakSa sIr3hiyA~ haiM / adhiSThAna, bhitti-staMbha aura prastara mukhya maMdira kI bhA~ti hI haiM / isI maNDapa kI dakSiNI bhitti ke zilApaTTa para pulakezI kA abhilekha aMkita hai, ataH ise mukhya maMdira kA abhinna aMga hI mAnanA cAhie / isa prakAra maMdira kI mUlabhUta rUparekhA meM mukhya bhavana, kendrIya garbhagRha, bAhya tathA aMtaH bhittiyoM ke bIca kA sAMdhAra-patha aura sAmane ardhamaNDapa hai / sAMdhAra- patha kI bhittiyoM ko pIche aura pArzvabhAga meM vibhakta karake aMtarAla sahita upamaMdiroM kI racanA bAda meM kI gayI lagatI hai / isa saMpUrNa racanA meM eka vizAla mahA-maNDapa bhI sAmane ke bhAga meM nirmita hai jo kiMcit paravartI racanA hai kiMtu zailI isakI bhI lagabhaga samAna hI hai / sabhI mUla pratimAe~ naSTa ho cukI haiM / kevala 202

Page #357
adhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha pichalI bhitti para utkIrNa varddhamAna kI eka bar3I padmAsana mUrti tathA unakI yakSI siddhAyikA kI mUrti avaziSTa hai / siddhAyikA kI mUrti aba sAmane kI vIthI meM rakha dI gayI hai| bhAgalakoTa se bIsa kilomITara dUra hallUra meM meguDI nAmaka jaina maMdira aihole ke meguTI maMdira se na kevala nAma varan rUparekhA meM bhI samAna hai| aisA nahIM lagatA ki aihole kA maMdira hallUra ke meguDI maMdira se vizeSa kAlAMtara meM banAyA gayA hogaa| kintu isake prathama tala ke garbhagRha ke zikhara kI adhiracanA se spaSTa hai ki yaha maMdira adhika parirakSita hai| isameM ardhamaNDapa ke donoM ora kI bhittiyoM para banI devakulikAe~ evaM chata para pahuMcane ke lie akhaNDa-zilA para utkIrNa sIr3hiyA~ cAlukya rAjya meM pracalita Adya prathAoM ke prayoga kA pramANa haiM / isa maMdira ko sAtavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| aihole meM anya jaina maMdira bhI haiM, yathA, yeniyavANu Di, yogI-nArAyaNa samUha, evaM cAraNTI maTha / yeniyavANu Di samUha meM chaha maMdira haiM, jinameM se eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai / isa maMdira kA mukha pazcima kI ora hai aura praveza uttara kI ora se eka staMbhayukta mukha-maNDapa meM hokara / mukha-maNDapa ke cAra staMbha haiM aura vaha sabhA-maNDapa ke sAtha saMlagna hai| mukha-maNDapa dasavIM zatAbdI kI zailI meM banA hai aura usake sAmane eka dhvaja-staMbha hai| saradaloM para lalATa-bimba ke rUpa meM gajalakSmI kA aMkana hai| adhiSThAna ke Upara vedI yA vyAlavari kA abhAva hai, kintu usapara upAna, padma, kaNTha, tripaTTa-kumuda, gala evaM prati nirmita haiM / bhittiyA~ zilpAMkita tathA aMtarAlayukta haiM jinameM kramazaH karNa, kendrIya bhadra aura do madhyavartI anuratha prakSepa haiM / anurathoM para vimAna-paMjara alaMkaraNa haiM jo devakoSThoM ko paraveSTita kiye hue pAsa-pAsa nirmita yugala bhitti-staMbhoM para suzobhita haiN| prastara ke uttIra para haMsavalabhI, kiMcit prakSipta kapota tathA zIrSa para vedI aura vyAlavari haiM, jinapara hAra ke aMga nirmita haiN| vimAna ke do tala haiM kintu usake zIrSabhAga se grIvA, zikhara evaM stUpI lupta ho gaye haiN| phira bhI jo aMga avaziSTa haiM unase spaSTa hai ki yaha maMdira viziSTa dakSiNI vimAna-zailI kA hai jo nauvIMdasavIM zatAbdiyoM meM isa kSetra meM vikasita haI aura jisake AdhAra para isa maMdira kI tithi prAraMbhika yA madhya dasavIM zatI nizcita kI jA sakatI hai| samIpastha maMdira tathA upa-maMdira kama mahattva ke haiM, rikta haiM, aura aba unameM koI bhI ullekhanIya mUrti avaziSTa nahIM hai| isa samUha kA sabase bhItarI maMdira dakSiNamukhI hai| isake sAmane cAra alaMkRta staMbhoM kA AyatAkAra yathA prAvRta mukha-maNDapa hai, maNDapa kI bhittiyoM para nirmita ardhastaMbha sAdA aura caturbhajI haiM / maNDapa ke cAroM staMbha prAraMbhika cAlukya zailI ke vikRta rUpa haiN| inameM AdhArapITha para zadurama caukI hai| daNDa choTe aura dhArIdAra haiM, jinameM Upara kI ora ke nikaTa vRtta khaNDa haiM, staMbhoM para pAli yA padama aura phalaka kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| inakI potikAoM (dharanoM) kI bhujAeM pravaNita (DhalUvA~) haiM jinapara taraMga zilpAMkana aura madhya meM sAdI dhAriyA~ haiM / megaDI maMdira kI bhAMti, isakI chata samatala hai aura usapara muMDereM banI huI haiN| nIce kI ora chata DhalavA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki kakSa 203

Page #358
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 sadRza hI sahI kintu maNDapa zailI tathA dakSiNI vimAna zailI kI maMdira-saMracanA kA sammizraNa paryApta samaya taka jArI rahA thA / adhiSThAna sAdhAraNa prakAra kA hai jisapara upAna aura padma nirmita haiM / dUsare maMdira samUha kA kendrIya maMdira apanI alaMkRta dvAra - racanA ke lie prasiddha hai / yaha dvAra garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra se banA hai| garbhagRha meM eka vRttAkAra pITha para liMga sthApita hai / sAmane ke ardhamaNDapa kA kSetra garbhagRha jitanA hI hai / isake pUrva bane navaraMga meM donoM konoM para do upamaMdira haiM jo paTaDakala ke prasiddha virupAkSa evaM anya maMdiroM kA smaraNa dilAte haiN| navaraMga ke staMbha sakUTika kumbhavAle haiM / unakI potikAoM kI racanA kiMcit natodara hai aura muMDeroM se yukta pArzva vitAna DhalavA~ haiM / adhiSThAna sAmAnya maMca prakAra kA hai aura nIMva ke sAde raddoM para banAyA gayA hai / prakSipta prar3I kapotikA mukha maNDapa ke AMtarika khaNDa para samApta hotI huI maMdira ke kapota se mila jAtI hai / 1 virupAkSa maMdira ke samIpa yogInArAyaNa maMdira samUha meM mukhyataH pUrva-pazcima kone meM sthita eka bar3A pUrva-mukhI maMdira hai / isakA mukhya bhAga trikUTa arthAt tIna maMdira samUha hai / tInoM maMdiroM kI eka sAmUhika vIthikA hai jo eka staMbhayukta bAhya - maNDapa kI ora nikalatI hai / bAhya - maNDapa bhI isa maMdira samUha kA sAmUhika maNDapa hai / bAhya - maNDapa ke sAmane mukhamaNDapa hai jisameM kakSAsana, saMkIrNa aMtarAla aura eka garbhagRha hai / garbhagRha meM pravaziSTa pAdapITha aura usapara aMkita cihnoM se jJAta hotA hai ki anucaroM tathA TiruvAcI ke sAtha mahAvIra kI mUrti virAjamAna thI / mahAvIra kI mUrti ke sthAna para aba kArtikeya kI pratimA hai / trikUTAcala mukhya maMdira meM goTAyukta adhiSThAna hai jisapara upAna, padma, kaNika, kapota, evaM vyAlavari bane haiM / bhittiyA~ sAdI aura kuDya - staMbhavihIna haiN| maMdira ke prastara aura hAra vizuddha dakSiNI vimAna-zailI ke haiM / tritala vimAna ke tIsare tala para bhI hAra ke kUTa aura zAlAe~ haiM jo eka purAtana paripATI hai / zIrSa para zuNDAkAra gRhapiNDi hai / vimAna ke grIvA aura zikhara lupta ho gaye haiM / mukhya maMdira ke samakSa viziSTa zukanAsA prakSipta hai / trikUTa ke garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI pAlizadAra patthara kI mUrti hai / sAmanevAle maMdira kI apekSA mukhya maMdira adhika prAcIna jJAta hotA hai kyoMki isake staMbhoM kI racanA bhinna prakAra kI hai| staMbha kuNDalita daNDa ke samAna nahI haiM, na ve kAle patthara se banAye gaye haiM; ve pUrva - madhyakAlIna zailI meM baluA patthara se nirmita haiM / sAmUhika vIthikA ke kannar3a abhilekhoM, maMdira kI zailI tathA anya lakSaNoM ke anusAra ise ye niyaguDa varga kA hI mAnanA cAhie / aihole kA cAraNTI maTha varga maddinaguDi aura trayambakezvara maMdiroM kI bhA~ti hai / lagatA hai ki cAraNTI maTha kisI samRddha jaina bastI kA kendra thA / maMdira kI mukhya saMracanA uttaramukhI hai / praveza ke lie staMbhayukta dvAra maNDapa hai jo apane se adhika bar3e sabhA maNDapa kI ora le jAtA hai / sabhA maNDapa meM cAra staMbha haiM aura vaha pIche kI ora eka sa~kare aMtarAla ke mAdhyama se mukhya vimAna se jur3A huA 204

Page #359
adhyAya 18] dakSiNApatha elorA - vimAna-mandira, guphA saM0 33 citra 125

Page #360
vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 to MOTIISE paTakala jaina mandira citra 126 WESTE [ bhAga 4 200

Page #361
adhyAya 18 ] dakSiNApatha hai| garbhagRha meM mahAvIra kI padmAsana mUrti hai / jaisIki jaina vimAnoM kI vizeSatA hai, mukhya maMdira ke dUsare tala para eka aura maMdira hai / vahA~ taka pahu~cane ke lie prakhaNDa zailotkIrNa sIr3hiyA~ haiM, jo sabhA maNDapa ke uttarI-pUrvI kone para haiN| sIr3hiyoM ke Upara eka dvAraka hai jisase khulI chata para jA sakate haiM / UparI tala ke maMdira meM eka kakSa aura agramaNDapa hai / adhiSThAna para upAna, padma, kaNTha, tripaTTa - kumuda, gala aura kapota-baMdha haiM / cAlukya kSetra meM isI prakAra ke adhiSThAna kA pracalana thA / bhittiyoM para sAde prAcIra-staMbha haiM jinake zIrSa para pravaNita dharaneM haiM / adhiSThAna evaM bhittiyoM kA vinyAsa - sUtra (rUparekhA) cAroM ora se sIdhI aura prakSepa yA aMtarAlavihIna hai, jabaki yeniyavAguDi meM aisA nahIM hai / bhittiyoM ke kendrIya aura bAharI bhAga vedikAyukta vimAna-paMjaroM dvArA alaMkRta haiM / prastara para banA hAra nivArguDa se kahIM adhika rItyAnusAra banAyA gayA hai / zikhara viziSTa dakSiNa zailI kA hai / sabhA maNDapa ke donoM ora choTe mArgoM se jur3e do upamaMdira haiM jinameM se pUrvI maMdira meM garbhagRha aura mukhamaNDapa haiM tathA pazcimI maMdira meM garbhagRha aura aMtarAla haiN| donoM hI maMdira bAda meM banAye gaye lagate haiM / donoM maMdiroM meM saradala ke Upara lalATa-bimba ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara - mUrtiyA~ haiM, kintu donoM garbhagRhoM se mUrtiyA~ lupta ho gayI haiN| maMdira kI bhitti para aMkita 1119 I0 ke kannar3a abhilekha meM paravartI cAlukya rAjavaMza ke rAjA tribhuvanamalla vikramAditya SaSTha ke samaya meM 'ayyAvole ke 500 svAmiyoM' (sthAnIya vANijyaka saMgha) ke vyApArI dvArA maMdira kI marammata tathA kucha navanirmANa karavAne kA bhI ullekha hai / isa abhilekha se maMdira ke nirmANa kI adyAvadhi tithi kA jJAna hotA hai / spaSTataH maMdira kA mukhya bhAga paryApta samaya pUrva nirmita huA hogA / maMdira ke uttarI bhAga meM dvAra-maNDapa ke samIpa nirmita upasaMracanA meM do maMdira haiM jinameM sAmUhika kakSa, vIthI aura do ora se praveza ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiM / bhItarI aura bAharI toraNa, vIthI ke agrabhAga para prakSipta kapota, staMbhayukta maNDapa evaM kakSa - mUrtiyoM ke zilpAMkanoM se pracura mAtrA meM alakRta haiM / inameM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa do phalaka praveza dvAra ke saradala para haiM jinameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / samIpastha maTha ( jisake sAtha eka prAyAtakAra vIthI hai) ke dvAra kI kapotikA para vimAna anukRtiyA~ aMkita haiM jo uttarI zailI kI pratIta hotI haiM; aura pIThikA para samakAlIna tathA paravartI anukRtiyA~ aMkita haiM jo sudUra dakSiNa ke hoyasala kSetra meM pracalita thIM / maTha ke anya avayava gyArahavIM zatI tathA pazcAtakAlIna paravartI cAlukya - vAstukalA ke prAraMbhika caraNa ke anusAra haiM / isa sthApatya ke avazeSa gaDaga, lakkuNDI evaM Dambala ityAdi sthAnoM meM pAye gaye haiM / rASTrakUTa kAla aura paravartI cAlukyoM ke prAraMbhika kAla meM, yA kiMcit Age-pIche, paTaDakala kI sImA para nirmita jaina vimAna (citra 126) eka viziSTa vAstu- smAraka hai / yaha tIna tala kA sAMdhAra-vimAna hai aura grAdhAra se zikhara taka caukora hai / adhiSThAna kama UMcA hai aura usapara sAmAnya 205 For Private Personal Use Only

Page #362
vAstu- smAraka evaM mUrtikalA 600 se 1000 I0 [ bhAga 4 kapota-baMdha haiM / kapotoM kI kuDu sadRza toraNAkAra nAsikA lupta ho gayI hai jisake kAraNa vahA~ sapATa tribhujI zilpAMkana bana gayA hai jo paravartI cAlukya aura hoyasala maMdiroM kI daMtAvaliyoM-jaisA lagatA hai / bhitti-staMbhoM ke zIrSa kA mUla rUpa naSTa ho cukA hai aura avayavoM kA sauSThava pUrNa rUpa se lupta ho gayA hai / vimAnavAlA bhAga navaraMga maNDapa se aMtarAla ke mAdhyama se jor3a diyA hai / navaraMga kI bhitti meM pratyeka aura sAta khaNDa haiM jinake bIca-bIca meM chaha aMtarAla haiM / aMtarAla nAsikAgroM dvArA alaMkRta haiM jinameM padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ tathA anya mUrtiyA~ haiM / nicale tala ke maNDapa ke prastara evaM aMtarAla ke kone para kUToM kA hAra hai jinake bIca meM ekAMtara krama se zAlA aura paMjara haiM / hAra meM zAlA aura kUTa ke prAdya rUpa ke sAtha paMjara kA samAveza isa bAta kA dyotaka ki yaha maMdira AThavIM zatI yA paravartI kAla kA hai| nicale tala kI bhittiyA~ dugunI yA sAMdhAra haiM, zIrSa kA hAra arpita prakAra kA hai, UparI maMdira ke garbhagRha kI bhittiyA~ nicale tala kI antaH bhitti kA hI vikAsa karake banAyI gayI haiM / aMtarAla ke sAmane kI bhitti para AdhAra bhAga kI zukanAsA draSTavya hai jo adhiracanA ke sAmane prakSipta hai / UparI tala ke prastara ke tIna ora ke cAra konoM para cAra karNa - kUTa bane haiM evaM unake pIche, madhya aura pAvoM meM zAlAeM haiM / karNakUToM ke madhya agrabhAga meM zukanAsA hone ke kAraNa zAlA banAne kA koI sthAna hI nahIM thA / kama lambAI-caur3AI ke tIsare tala ke agrabhAga ko chor3akara zeSa zilpAMkita haiM / agrabhAga kA vistAra zukanAsA ke UparI staroM taka kiyA gayA hai / zilpAMkita bhAgoM para uttara bhAratIya maMdiroM kI bhA~ti udgama pratIka bane haiM / grIvA ke Upara vargAkAra zikhara, jisakI racanA meM bAraMbAra prakSipta phalaka bane haiM, paravartI cAlukya maMdiroM kI parivartita bAraha kuNDalita avayavoM kI zailI ke anurUpa hai / aisA hI nicale tala meM bhI hai / prAvRta navaraMga ke sAmane aneka staMbhoMvAlA agramaNDapa hai jisameM praveza khaNDa ke atirikta sArI paridhi meM staMbha haiM; jo kakSAsana dvArA jor3e gaye haiN| navaraMga ke sAmane kI paridhi krama ke do prAMtarika staMbhoM ke pratirikta anya sabhI staMbha baluA patthara ke hote hue bhI prAMzika rUpa se kuNDalita haiM jo paravartI cAlukya evaM hoyasala kAla ke starIbhUta patthara yA selakhar3I se bane pUrNa kuNDalita staMbhoM ke pUrvarUpa pratIta hote haiM / 206 ke0 prA0 zrInivAsana

Page #363

Page #364
annam Mannara aanamaina a ever mtN PRISE aNduku avi mhTANT naardaa kaalu sNgaannloo - - ain Educatie International For Private & Personal Use only

Page #365
NNNN www.jainelibrary of M NNNNNN & & & & & & & & * * * * * ii brdNdiniNhynnNnnNNNNNNNNNNNNjne aNdhvaaddddbddnNbrbrvaaysblRSONyaann Litll

Page #366
102