Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 01 Khand 01

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010471/1

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sau. savitAbAI sAraka pragyamAlA naM.2. IAHIMANSHIOM saMkSipta jaina itihAsa TIMITURTHRITHILIMIT dvitIya bhaag| (prathama khNdd)| THIHINDImminimalinmHINTAITAlina lekhaka:zrImAn vA kAmatAprasAdanI jaina ema. Ara e. esa., oNna0 sampAdaka-'vIra' aura 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha', 'satyamArga', 'laoNrDa mahAvIra mahArANI calanI ityAdi graMyA~ke rcyitaa| prakAzaka:mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, mAlika, digambara nainapustakAlaya, kApar3iyAbhavana-sUrata / +++ ++ttttttttttttt+++++++ 10 savitAbAI, sau. dharmapatrI mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA smaraNArya "digambara jaina " ke 25 varSake mAhakoMko bheNtt| ++ PIRINIKITCHIRININDIANI +++++ prathamAvRtti] [prati 1000 vIra saM0 2458 __ mUlya-01-12-0.

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- adhika samaya nahIM huA ki saradAra paTelane eka bhASaNa meM kahA thA ki. mahiMsA vIroMkA dharma hai / aura unhIM ke sAtha kAkA phAlejakarane pragaTa kiyA thA ki jainadharma sarvottama rItise jIvana vartanakA upAya batAtA hai| vaha saMcA sAmyavAda sikhAtA hai|" jainadharmake viSayameM rASTrIya-netAoMke yaha udAra niHsaMdeha ThIka haiN| kintu ina udvAroM kA mahatva taba hI spaSTa hosaktA hai ki jaba noMka gata jIvana vyavahArase ahiMsA dharmakA pAlana karate huye vIratva prakAza aura jIvanakI pUrNatAkA citra sAdhAraNa janatAke hRdayapaTalapara aMkita kiyA jAsake / yaha honA taba hI saMbhava hai ki jaba janoM kA itihAsa janatAke hAthoM meM pahuMce / jaise kisI manuSyakA sanmAna usake vaMza, pratiSThA mAdikA paricaya pAnese hotA hai, usItaraha kisI jAtikA mAdara usa jAti kA itihAsa jAnanese logoMkI dRSTimeM bar3hatA hai / bhArata digambara jaina pariSadane isa AvazyaktAko bahuta pahale anubhava kara liyA thA / aura tadanusAra apanI eka 'itihAsa kameTo bhI niyukta kI thI, jisakA eka sadasya meM bhI thaa| usIke anurUpa maiMne " jaina itihAsa" ko likhanekA udyoga cAlU kiyA thA aura pariNAmataH usakA pahalA bhAga, jisameM IsvI pUrva 600 varSase pahalekA paurANika itihAsa saMkalita hai, pragaTa hocukA hai| prastuta pustaka usI silasilemeM dUsare bhAgakA pahalA khaNDa hai| dUsare bhAgameM IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdise IsvI terahavIM zatAbdi takakA itihAsa ekatra kiyA jAnA nizcita hai| isa pahale

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sanhameM IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdise dUsarI zatAbdi kA itihAsa pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| pAThaka mahodaya dekheMge ki pahale namAnene ahiMsA dharmako pAlate huye janIne kasA vIratva pragaTa kiyA thA aura jIvanako pratyeka dRSTise unhoMne saphala banAyA thaa| unameM bar3e 2 samrAT the jinhoMne bhAratakI pratiSThA videzoMmeM kAyama kI thI-unameM bar3e 2 yoddhA the, jinhoMne zUroMke dila dahalA diye the| unameM naDe 2 vyApArI the, jinhoMne dezavidezoM meM jAkara apAra dhanasaMcaya kiyA thA aura use dharma aura sarvahitake kAryoM meM kharca karake bhAratakA gaurava bar3hAyA thaa| aura una naniyoM meM ve prAtaH smaraNIya mahApuruSa the jo digambara-prAkRta vepameM rahakara jJAna-dhyAna dvArA Atmatejake puMja the aura jo jIvamAtrakA kalyANa karanemeM agrasara the ! aba bhalA kahiye ki jainadharmakA ahiMsAtattva kyoM na vIratvakA prakAzaka ho aura usake dvArA manuSya jIvana kaise saphala naho ? noMkA yaha prAcIna itihAsa Ama hama-sabako jIvita-- nAgRta aura karmaTha honekI zikSA detA hai / gata itihAsako jAnanA taba hI sArthaka hai jaba usake anusAra bartAva karanekA udyoga kiyA nAya ! Aja pratyeka jainIko yaha bAta bhUla na jAnA caahiye| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki prastuta pustakame varNita kAlakA saMpUrNa itihAsa bhAgayA ho / hAM usako yathAsaMbhava hara tarahase pUrNa canAnekA khyAla avazya rakkhA gayA hai aura AgAmIke bhAgoM meM bhI rakkhA nAvegA / dUsare bhAgakA dUsarA khaMDa bhI likhA jAcukA hai aura vaha bhI nikaTa bhaviSyameM pAThakoM ke hAthameM pahuMca jaavegaa| mAzA hai, pAThaka unase yatheSTa lAbha utthaaveNge|

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ima khaNDako zraddheya va0 sItalaprasAdanIne dekhakara hameM ucita. parAmarza diyA hai, isake liye unako dhanyavAda hai| impIriyala lAyacerI kalabattAse hameM yatheSTa sAhitya-sahAyatA milI hai| etadaI usakA bhAbhAra svIkana hai| sAtha hI priya mitra ApaDiyAnIkA bhI yAMmAra svIkAra kara lenA hama ucita samajhate haiM jinhoMne na kevalaM sAhitya prastuta karake isakA saMkalana kArya sugama kiyA hai, varan isako prakAzameM lAkara unhoMne isakA pracAra vyApaka aura sugama banA diyA hai| iti zam / vinIta-- alIgaMja (eTA) 1 . kAmatAprasAda jaina, 11-2-1933 / 5 saMpAdaka "vIra" -552 ra tyvaad| prasiddha lekhaka va itihAsajJa zrI. bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jainaalIgaMjane aneka aitihAsika grantha race hai, unameM "saMkSipta jaina itihAsa mI eka hai, jisakA prathama bhAga hamane 6 varSa hue prakaTa kiyA thA aura yaha dUsarA bhAga (prathama khaMDa) bhI Aja prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai / Apane isa granthakA saMkalana aMgrejI, hiMdI va saMskRta bhASAkI choTI bar3I jIva 100 pustAkA vAcana va manana karake kiyA hai, jisake liye khApa bhanekazaH dhanyavAdake pAtra hai| aise aitihAsika anyoMkA sulabha pracAra karaneke liye jisa prakAra isakA prathama bhAga " digambara jaina " ke 25 veM vapake prAhakoko bheTa deneke liye prakaTa kiyA thA usI prakAra vaha dUsaga bhAga (pra0 khaMDa) bhI 'digambara jaina ke 25ve varSake grAhakoM ko bheMTa denere liye va jo usake grAhaka nahIM hai unake liye vikrayArtha bhI nikAlA gayA hai| bhAzA hai ki isakA acchA lAbha uThAyA jAyagA / prakAzakA

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sau0 savitAbAI smAraka prasthamAlA naM0 2. EOS ai svargIya - sau0 zrImatI savitAbAI kApar3iyA, dharmapatnI, zrI mUlacaMda kisanadAsajI kApar3iyA- sUrata / svargavAsa - saM0 1986. janma- saM0 1964. Apake smAraka meM 2000) sthAyI zAstradAna ke liye nikAle gaye haiM jinameM se " aitihAsika striyAM " nAmaka prathama grantha gata varSameM prakaTa karake " digambara jaina " va " jaina mahilAdarza " ke grAhakoM ko bheTa svarUpa bAMTA gayA thA aura ipa smAraka anthamAlA kA yaha dUsarA puSpa "digambara jaina " ke 25 veM varSake grAhakoM ko bheMTameM diyA jAtA hai / bhAzA hai ki aise sthAyI zAstradAnakA anukaraNa anya zrImAna va zrImatI bhI kareMge / o

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- hsnn| S --00- ParvawwIAS gulaa, skaa ply'chaadd' chaakttH raIsa, alIgaMja (eTA) --- - "L MEIN DOE : 66 pitAjI ! ha Apake anugrahase jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai| usake phala-svarUpa yaha bheMTa Apake karakamaloMmeM / OM sAdara savinaya samarpita hai| ApakA putra kAmatAprasAda t Umvimaa DeasesNOwerme

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vissy-suucii| .. -mAlayana-janadharma kA prAkRta rUpa, jainadharmako prAcInatA.' prAcIna bhAratakA svarUpa, tatkAlIna mukhya rAjya ...: hai. 3-zizunAga vaMza-utpatti, upazreNika, zreNika vimbasAra, abhayakumAra, manAtazatru, kuNika; darzaka, udayana, nandivardhana, mahAnandina Adi .... 11 3-licchiviAdigaNarAja-prAcIna bhAratameM prajAtantra, . licchivi, rAnA ceTaka, zatAnika, dazaratha, udayana, celanI, vaizAlI, jyeSThA, candanA, zAkya, malla, gaNarAjya 29 4-mAtrika kSatrI aura bha0 mahAvIra-kollAga, vajjiyana; : siddhArtharAnA, trizalA, kuNDayAma, ma0 mahAvIrakA jIvanakAla, ninya nainI, bhavarudra, makhaligozAla, pUrNakAzyapa, AnIvaka, gautamavuddha, kauzaladeza, mithilA, vaizAlI, caMgA, dharmaghopa, sudarzana seTha, magadha, pAMcAla, kaliMga, vaMga, mathurA, dakSiNa bhArata, rAnavRtAnA, gunagata, paMjAba, kAzmIra AdimeM dharmapacAra, tRvaMza 19 5-cIra saMgha aura anya rAjA-vIra saMghake gagadhA, gautama, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, sudharmAcArya, yamarAjA, maNDika putra, mauryaputra, makaMpita, acalavRtta, prabhAsa, zariSega, caMdanA mAdi .... .... .... 119 6-tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti-tatkAlIna

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( 6 ) rAja avasthA, sAmAjika dazA, mahikA mahimA, dhArmika sthiti, muni va AryikAoM kA dharma, zrAvakAcAra Adi 138 7- bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANakALa -vIra saMvata, zakazAlivAhana, nahapAna, vikrama saMvat 8- antima kevalI zrIjambUsvAmI - cAlyakAla, vIratA, vairAgya, vivAha, suninIvana, sarvajJa dazA va dharmapracAra, 157. ... zvetAmbara kathana 171 .... &; 18. .... 9- nanda vaMza - navananda, naMdivardhanaM Adi ..... 10 - sikandara mahAnakA AkramaNa aura tatkAlIna jaina sAdhubhAratIya tatvavettA, di0 jaina sAdhu jimnosophisTa, A .... 1.3. 2000 186 ***D ** 3: suni mandanIsa aura kalonasa Adi 11 - zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya jaina saMghakA dakSiNa meM prasthAna, zvetAMbara paTTAvalI, jaina saMgha meM bheda, zrutajJAnakI vikSipti, khe0 sthUlabhadra, Adi 201 19 - maurya sAmrAjya - candragupta maurya, sailyUkapa, zAsanaprabaMdha, sAmAjika dazA, dhArmika sthiti, candragupta jaina the, cANakya, azoka, kaliMga vijaya, azokakI zikSAyeM, azokake jana dharmAnusAra pAribhASika zabda aura unake dArzanika siddhAMta, azokakA jainadharma pracAra, zilAlekha va zilpa kArya, aMtima jIvana, mazoka ke uttarAdhikArI, rAjA sAmprati aura jainasaMgha, seTha. sukumAla, maurya sAmrAjyakA anta, uparAMta kAlake maurya vaMzaja, zuMga vaMza 1001 218 rep. .... ....

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oroccordeocacceso pravada. mayake saMkalanameM nimna prayose. sadhanyavAda sahAyatA prahaNa kI gaI hai, jinakA ullekha nimna saMketarUpameM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai: bhadha0= azokake dharmalekha ' lekhaka zrI0 janArdana bhara ema0 e0 (kAzI, saM0 1980) / ___mahida bhI hisTrI oNpha inDiyA'-le0 sara vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 (cauthI aavRtti)| bhazoka = azoka' le0 sara vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 / / Aka: bhArAdhanAkapAkopa-20 nemidatta (janamitra oNphisa, baMbaI 2440 vI0 sN0)| oNjI0= oNIviksa.'-bhAga 1-DaoN0 venImAdhava bAruA0 DI. liT (kalakattA 1920) / bhAs0='bhAcArAta sUtra- mUla. (zvetAmbara aagmpNth).| . oNdihabaoNksapharDa hisTrI oNfa inDiyA-vinsenTa smitha. ema0 e0| iMai iMDiyana, ainTIkarI' (traimAsika ptrikaa)| . iriI 'insAyaklopeDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ithikma' haidiraah| isakA iMDiyana seka. oNpha dI bensa' bulhara / iMhikyA 'iMDiyana hisaTaoNrIkala kvArTalI-pra0 DaoN0 narendranAtha laoNra kalakattA / uda0='vAmagadakhAo mutta'-DaoN0 hANale (Bible. Indica) / . upa. va u9 pu0- uttarapurANa-zrI guNabhadrAcArya va paM0 laalaaraamjii| usU0'uttarAyapana satra-vetAmbarIya bhAgamamaya) jAla kAnTiyara (upapalA.)

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((), " ei0 epiprephiyA iTikA' / eime* yA 'meeDa0' - 'endiyenTa inDiyA eja DiskAi bAI maMga sthanIja eNDa airiyana' - ( 1877) / eDjai0= ena ipIToma oNpha jenIjma'-zrI pUrNacandra nAhara ema0 e0 / emikSA 08 'enziyenTa miDa- iMDiyana kSatriya ' -DaoN0 vimalAcaraNa laoN (kalakattA) / airi0= 'aiziyATika risaceMja' - sara viliyama jonsa ( san 1799 1809 ) / aii0 = enziyenTa inDiyA eja DiskAinDa bAda sTraibo, maikakrinTila (1901) / kajAiniMghama, jaoNgaraphI oNpha enziyenTa InDiyA' - ( kalakattA 1924 ) / kalie hisTro oNpha kanArIja Ticara -60 pI0 rAisa (H. I. S.) 1921. * kasU0='kalpasUtra' mUla (zvetAmbarIya Agama graMtha ) / kAle0=kAramAikala rekcarsa-DaoN0 DI0 Ara0 mANDArakara | kehi 'kaimbrija hi Tro oNpha inDiyA' - ainziyenTa iMDiyA, bhA0 1 - pisana sA0 (1922) / gusApari0= gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada riporTa- sAtavIM / ( bhAvanagara saM0 1982 ) / gau0 gautama buddha ke0 je0 saoNnDarsa (H. I. S.) * caMbhama0= caMdragaja bhaMDArI kRta bhagavAna mahAvIra / ' -naviooso 0='jarnala oNpha dI bihAra eNDa oDIsA risarca sosAiTI / jambU0=jambUkumAracarita (sUrata bIvha 2440 ) 1 mIso0 jarnala oNpha dI mIthika sosAiTI-beMgalora /

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( 9 ) jarAekho0 'jaranala oNpha dI raoNyala aisiyATika sosAiTI kendana / kA 0 = 'jaina kAnUna' - zrI0 campatarAya jaMna vidyAvA0 (bijanaura 1928) aga0- 'jenagejeTa' - aMgrejI ( madrAsa ) / jaipra0='jainadharma prakAza'- bra0 zItalaprasAdajI ( bijanaura 1927) / jastU* 'jainastUpa eNDa adara eNTIkaTIz2a oNpha mathurga - smitha / jaisAMsaM0= jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka-mu0 jinavijayajI ( pUnA ) / > simA 0= jaina siddhAnta bhAskara' - zrI padmarAja jaina ( kalakattA ) / jaizisaM0= jaina zilAlekha saMgraha-praoN0 hIrAlAla jaina (mANikacandra mamyamAlA ) / jehi0 jaina hitaiSI' - saM0 paM0 nAthUrAmajI va paM0 jugala kizorajI (naI) jaisa0 ( JB.. ) jena sUtrAz2a ( S. B. E. Series, Volso XXII & XLV.). TaoNga TaoNisA0 kRta rAjasthAnakA itihAsa ( veGkaTezvara presa) / DijeyA08 e DikzanarI oNpha jaina bAyographI - zrI umarAvardhiha TaoNka ( ArA) / takSa0= e gAiDa TU takSazilA - sara jaoNna mArazala ( 1918 ) / tatvArtha 0 = 'tatvArthAdhigam sUtra' - zrI umAsvAti (S. B. J. Vol. I) vipaM0 tioyapaNNati' - zrI yativRSabhAcArya (jena hitaiSI bhA0 13 aMka 12) S P 'dije0=' digambara jaina ' mAsika patra- paM0 zrI mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA (sUrata) / dIni 0= dIghanikAya' (P. T. S. ) pari pariziSTa parva - zrI hemacandrAcArya / BE prAjaile 10= prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha - kAmatAprasAda jaina (vardhA) bacio mAgAla, bihAra, or3isA jaina smAraka - zrImAn va zItalaprasAdajI | # barjesmA0=trambakaM prAnta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka tra0 zItala prasAdabhI / budda briTa inDiyA - pro0 hIsa DeviTsa / }

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sapA-mApAna pArzvanAya-le. kAmatAprasAda jaina (ra) mama AgavAna mahAvIra-, , , (to mamabu0magavAna mahAvIra aura ma.pura-kAmatAprasAda jaina (sara0). mamI0sAraka mImAMsA ( gujarAtI)-pAta / bhAibhAratavarSa kA itihAsa-TIIzvarIprasAda dI liT (prapAga 1950) mAmazobhazoka'-DaoN. bhApakara (klkttaa)| bhAmArA0=bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza-zrI vizezvaranAtha reta (devaI) / bhAmAsaha bhAratakI prAcIna sabhyatAkA itihAsa-para ramezana pr| majeha0 marAThI jaina itihaas| manina / mahimA majima nikAya P. T.s. mameprAjaismA0madAsa maisUrake prAcIna jaina smAraka- dhIvatpapAdajI mahA0=mahAvaga (S. B. E, Vol. XVII ) .. milinda0 milinda panha (S. B.E, Vol. XXXV) murA-mudrArAkSasa nATaka-ina dI hindU dAmeTika varkasa, vinadhana / mulA-mUlAcAra-vahakerasvAmI (hiMdI bhASA sahita-vaI). mebhazo ayoka-maikaphela kRta ( R. I. S.) maiyummanyula.oNpha buddhijma-spena hArdI / - rAjalakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-paM0 paM. jugalakizorajI (raI) / rAha0 rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa, bhAga 1-0 va. paM. gaurIgara hIrAcaMda ojhA / riharilIjansa oNpha dI impaayr-lndn)| lAoNma0-lAipha oNpha mahAvIra-lA. mANikacaMdanI (ilAhArAda) / lAbhAi0 bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-lA. lAjapatarAyakRta (laahaur)| 8. lAma lArDa mahAdIra eNDa adara TIcarsa oNpha hija TAima-nAmavA. prasAda (dillii)| lAvalAipha eNDa vasa oNpha buddhapoSa-daoN. vimalAvarata laoN (klkttaa)|

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dRdhazAda .bana zabdAva-paM0 bihArIlAlazrI caitanya / vira0vidvadglaMgAlA- nAthUrAmajI premI (vaMbaI) / bhava0 vaNavelagolA, rA0pa0 pro0 nAsiMhAcAra ema0e0 (mdaar)| menANikacaritra (srt)| sakosamakva kaumudii-(vmbii)| paje0panAtana painadharma-anu0 kAmatAprasAda (klkttaa)| mujekSita jaina itihAsa-prayama mAga-kAmatApramAda (sUrata) / sadiausama nisTinguina jainsa-umarAvasiMha TAMka (AgarA) / saMprAjasmA0 mayukta prAntake prAcIna jaina smAraka-pra0 shiitlprsaadjii| smAinasTaTIja ina pAutha inDiyana jainIma-mo0 rAmAsvAmI bhAgA / sasa0samranTa aphacara aura sUrIzvara-muni vidyAvijayajI (bhAgarA) : sakSaTrAeima kSatrI TrAibha ina enidAyanTa indipA-DaoN. vima. naavrnnlaa| sAmma pAm bhaoNpha dI badarena / muni0 muttanipAta (S. B.E.) / harita harivaMzapurANa-bhI jinasenAcArya (klkttaa)| haoNhaoNTa oNpha jainIjma-miseja sTIvensana (laMdana) / hivAda. himArUna hisTrI oNpha dI Aryana rUla ina inDiyA hevela / mAra dA bhAyana kalA higlI-hisTaoNrIkala glIninAma-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN0 (kalakatA). hiTe0 hindU Telpa-je0 je0 meyarsa / / hiMdrAva0hindU DrAmeTika vama-vilasan / hiprIphi0 hisTrI oNpha dI prI-budrisTika iMDiyana philaoNsphIbApamA ( kalakatsA) hilija0 hisTrI eNDa liTrecara oNpha janIjama-bArodiyA (1901) / hivi0hindI vizvakopa-nagendranAtha vasu (klkttaa)| satrIsanmAtrIlansa ina bubisTa iMDiyA-DaoN vimalAcaraNa loNk|

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shuddhyshuddhiptr| azuddha 'pRSTha paMki ... sakSadAe 30 zuddha pahalA khaNDa (600-188 I.pUrva) sakSaTAe i. usa dezakA upadezakA . 6 , 14 22 isa ityAdi asantI assake kAramahakala 1018 zatAbdika prasenajI ityAdi bhavantI assaka kAramAikila 1918 zatAnIka dhr saMbaMdha majjhima. dhava majjhima0 sa0 . 706 211-21 14 pATIla svapavAsadattA 3-ahida rakhanevAlI thI thii| saMsthA 21 pR. 21 pATali svAsavadattA 3-oNhida rakhanevAle the| 32 20 1. thii| sabhaH '34 5 paridhi meM phailA batalAyA 18 koMblAga "408 dvAdazADU saMkhyA bhama0 paridhimeM phailA batalAtA kolAga dvAdazAma

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pRSTha 44 45 36 JP 46 50 51 52 " 53 " 56 57 6 " 19 39 67 7. 39 2 G; 1 19 Br paMki 13 15 22 23 15 k 16 10 20 ja 1 16 13 23 15 17 azuddha 3 rAyagaoNma mahApuruSa sakSadrAe i0 u0 60 koliprAma svasa 'aindra' (13) dazAca sakSyadrAe AI nigaDho mahAdIra 12 23 Js. T. P. 193 Dha mahAvIra 22 ja thI / nana huye the / matijJAnane 118 vatalAI 135 Antri. Tirthakar 26_roformer hai / zrAvaNI 2 6-7 se / 21 Appending zuddha rAmagAma yaha mahApuruSa sakSaTrAei* uda0 koTiprAma svarNa bhagavAnane "aindra" dazA sUtra sakSaTrAei0 AIta nigaTho mahAvIra thii| nana nahIM huye the / matijJAna ke Js. I. P. 193 mahAvIra aura 18 jo batalAI pR0 35 Anti. Tirthakas roformer hai| zrAvastI dekho / uda* Appendix

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ghRSTha 75 76 80 81 82 83 pratighoSita samaya varNana mahAvIra par3ane mAnya hogaI vIra . thaa| aura ve nama rahe the| bhA0 7.1 bhama. 112 114 pachi azuddha 2 / pratiyoSTita samajha 3 varNanana mahAvIra bhI 27 par3ane 19 hogaI 20 vara 2 thaa| bhA01 pR. 5 bhamabu0 AtmapipasA kAyatoSa 22 dItika 20 glaisenAtha (Dev jaivimoso 17 vIrthakarI 14 15 tuMgikAvya 22 227 16 7 rohakanagara 7-jaipra0 pR. 228 . pomaDama gaMgA nadiyoM 21 aMca 22 -(Pt. II spiti / mAtmapipAsA kAyatoya dInika glasenAppa (Der javimoso tIrthaMkaroM 115 122 129 " 143 149 tuMgikAsya 22 74 raurukanagara 7-jaipra0 pR0 234 popaTama gaMgA Adi nadiyo 151 aMca0 " " 159 (Js. Pt. I . vidhi -

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*18 161 10 169 13 *170 *171 172 181 13 185 15 251 192 " 37 -200 35 " 201 203 24 " 13 209 212 93 314 220 223 " 13 .. A 8 11 14 12 16 14 22 18 16 6 22 13 6 23 azuddha irmA bhAprAe0 koI 66 (14) anyathA pArastha pArastha aira saMsthA zAsana svIkAra karane agnicitA sabhI ulaTa niyamama AmavisaMna upadeza zrI zloka kaTapa abuddha ki prathama AdI Gournal zAsana - prAraMbhIka bhA0 pR0 . ima 'mAMprArA0 ko ' anyatra pArasya pArasya aila saMkhyA Asana svIkAra na karane agni citAmai kabhI utkaTa vinimaya Atma visarjana deza zrI dazA kaTivapra prabuddha ki ve prathama Adi Journal zAsaka prAraMbhika bhA0 1 pR0

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pRSTha 217 paMkti 9 zuddha sadasya the noI nahIM dhana 231 22 azuddha madasya corI nahIM nahIM kna unakA hI mArA upayoga sAina unamA " 236 23 13 bhAvA. upabhoga smAile. 243 245 . 259 eNTiokarA 'ebhaMsane TeonIse usakI onIsI TamakI azokake . . . pAralaukikaka , pAnAMkika 22 Js. Pte. Id II Je. Pes I & II 14 pApakI azora kI pApI 9 parAyaNake parAyana 14 pa06 pRSTha 269 ke phuTanoTakA pahalA leka yahAM pre| kammina kavimana 263 86 268 292 2 15 zilAlekha 5 unI zilAlena unake rAjya 297 unanI 000000000000000000000000000 jainavijaya" prinTiga presa, sapATiyA cmlaa-suurt-meN| ___mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyAne mudrita kiyaa|

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........................................... Ammmm . ......................... - - C .......00000000000.00.. - - .. .. R . janavijaya presa-varata. Mmmmmmmmm0000001.SIRUDDIIIIIIss. :....* . A ___ [isa aitihAsika prayake pevahInI lekhaka zrImAn vAbU kAmatAprasadijI jaina aliigNj| ". -- mammeedom .......MUISION ........... ... - - mmmmmmmm 00000000000000000000000000000 TA noTa mmomsomeo - C n - C o house .vn .................................

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Page #23
// OMzrImahAvIrAya namaH // saMkSipta jaina itihAsa dUsarA bhaag| I0 san pUrva 600 se I0 sana 1304 taka kAyata nainadharma sanAtana hai | usakA prArUta rUpa sarala satya hai / jaina dharmakA umakA nAmakaraNahI yaha pragaTa karatA hai| jina' prAkRta ruup| zabdase usakA nikAsa hai, jisakA artha hotA hai 'jItanedAlA' athavA 'vinyii'| dUsare zabdoM meM vinayI vIroMkA dharma hI jana dharma hai aura yaha vyAkhyA prArUta susaMgata hai| prakRti, yaha vAta naisargika rItiye dRSTi par3a rahI hai ki pratyeka prANI vinayAkAMkSA rakhatA hai / vaha jo vastu usake sammukha AtI hai, usapara adhikAra namAnA cAhatA hai aura apanI vijayapara Ananda, nRtya karaneko utsuka hai| abodha bAlaka bhayAnakase bhayAnaka vastuko apane kAbU meM lAnA cAhatA hai| nirIha vanaspatiko le liijiye| eka ghAsa apane pAsavAlI ghAsako naSTa karanepara tulI huI milatI hai / isa vanaspatimeM bhI avazya jIva hai; parantu vaha usa utkRSTa dazAmeM nahIM hai, jisameM manuSya hai| kiMtu itanA hote huye bhI vaha pratike

Page #24
saMkSipta ana inihAsa / maTala niyamase apane nesasiMga svagAva-madA vinayI rahanecI gAvanAse vaMcita nahIM hai| ataeva vinayI hone dharma prArata-anAdinidhana aura pUrNa satya hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki manuSyako kisa prakAra vijaya pAnA hai ? kyA nima vastuko vaha apane sAdhIna karanA cAhe, upake liye yuddha ThAna de ? nahIM, ganupyetara prANiyoM manuHpameM guTa vizeSatA hai| usake pAsa vive buddhi hai; jisane yaha matyAsatyakA nirNaya kara sakatA hai / yaha vizeSatA anya jIvoMko nasIba nahIM hai| isa vivekabuDike anusAra use vijaya mArga meM agrasara honA nika hai / aura viveka batalAtA hai ki jo anyAya hai, gaMgAI, burI vAsanA hai, usako parAsta karane ke liye kSetra meM mAnA manuSyagAtrakA kartavya hai| ThIka, yahI bAta jainadharma sikhAtA hai| vaha vinayIvIroM dharma hai| usake caubIsa tIrthacara vIraziromaNi sozalake ratna the| unane paramollaTa jJAnako pAkara vinaya-mArga nirdiSTa piyA thA-manuSyoMko batalA diyA thA ki anAdikAlase nIva manIvake phaMdemeM par3A haA hai| prarutane cetana padArthako apane nAdhIna banA liyA hai| isa prakRtiko yadi parAsta kara diyA jAya to pUrNa vinayakA paramAnanda prApta ho / usake liye kisIkA Azraya lenA aura pAyA muMha tAkanA vRthA hai / manupya apane paroM lar3A hove aura burI vAsanAoM evaM va.pAyoM ko tabAha karake vinayI vIra bana jaaye| phira vaha svAdhIna hai| usake liye mAnanda hI mAnada hai| yaha prAkRta zikSA jainadharmakI abhedya prAcInatAkA pAra na milane praryApta uttara hai|

Page #25
bhAvathanA. 'saMkSipta jaina itihAsa' ke prathamabhAgameM jainadharmake saiddhAntika jainakI prAcInatA ullekhoM evaM anya zrotoMse usakI ajJAta ___ aura bahu prAcInatAkA digdarzana karAyA nAcukA 24 tIrthaMkara / hai| ataH unakA yahAMpara duharAnA vRthA hai| jainadharma jisa samaya karmabhUmike isa kAlake prAraMbhameM punaH zrI Rpabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita humA thA, usa samaya sabhyatAkA aruNodaya horahA thaa| yaha RSabhadeva ikSvAkvaMzI kSatrI rAjakumAra the aura hindU purANoMke anumAra ve svayaMm manuse pAMcavIM pIDhomeM huye batalAye gaye haiN| unheM hindU evaM bauddha zAstrakAra bhI sarvajJa, sarvadazI aura isa yugake prArambhameM jainadharmakA prarUpaNa karanevAlA likhate haiN| hindu bhavatAroM meM vaha AThaveM mAne gaye haiM aura saMbhavataH vedoMmeM bhI unhIMkA ullekha milatA hai| caudahaveM vAmana avatArakA ullekha nissandeha vedoMmeM hai / ataH vAmana avatArase pahale huye ATha avatAra RSabhadevakA ullekha ina anena vedoM meM honA yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai| kucha bhI ho unakA ina vedoMse prAcIna honA siddha hai / ina RSabhadevakI mUrtiyAM Anase DhAIhanAra varSa pahale bhI sammAna aura pRjya dRSTise isa bhAratamahIpara mAnyatA pAtI thiiN| inhIM RSabhadeke jyeSTha putra samrAT bharatake nAmase yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahalAtA hai| RSabhadevake uparAnta dIrghakAlake antarase kramavAra teIsa tIrtha. kara bhagavAna aura huye the| unhoMne parivartita dravya, kSetra, kola, 1-saMkSipta jaina itihAsa prathama bhAgakI prastAvanA pRSTa 26-30 / 2-bhAgavata 54, 5, 6 / 3-nyAyavindu a. 3 va satazAstra-'vIra' va 4 pR. 353 / 4-hamArA, bhagavAna mahAvIra pR0 38 / 5-javi.. moso0 bhA0 3 pR. 447 / *

Page #26
4] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAvake anusAra punaH vahI satya, vahI nirApada vijayamArga nAkAlona janatAko darzAyA thaa| ina tIrthaMkaroMmase vIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI munisuvratanAthanIke tIrthakAlameM zrI rAmacandranI aura lakSmaNanI huye the| vAIpaveM tIrthakara neminAthanIke samakAlIna zrI kRSNanI the; jinake sAtha zrI neminAthanIkI aitihAsikatAko vidvAna svIkAra karane lage haiM;" kyoMki bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIse pahale huye tIrthakaroMke astitvako pramANita karaneke liye spaSTa aitihAsika pramANa upalaLA nahIM haiN| kintu to bhI jaina purANoMke kathanase evaM Anase karIba DhAI tIna hamAra varSa pahale bane huye pASANa avazeSoM mathaca zilAlekhoM va bauddhagranthoM ke ullekhoMse zepa jaina tIrthakkoM kI prAcIna mAnyatA aura phalataH unake astitvakA patA calatA hai / teIsaveM tIrthaGkara zrI pArzvanAthajIko aba harakoI eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAnatA hai aura antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra nIke jIvanakAlase jainadharmakA eka prAmANika itihAsa hameM mila jAtA hai| ___ yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki dharmAtmA vinA dharmakA mastatva __ nahIM raha saktA hai| ataeva kisI dharmakA itijaina itihaas| hAsa usake mAnanevAloMkA pUrva-paricaya mAtra kahA jA saktA hai / jainadharmake prAtipAlaka loga jaina kahalAte haiM; -ipIgrephima inDikA mA0 1 pR0 389 va sakSanAe i0 bhUmikA pR0 4 / 2-mathuga kaMkAlI TIlekA prAcIna jaina stUpa Adi / 3-hAthIguphAkA zilAlekha-javioso. bhA0 3 pR. 426-490 / 4-bha. mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha pR. 51 va lA0 ma.pR0 30 / 5-hamArA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha' kI bhuumikaa|

Page #27
[5 praakkthn| jinameM brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra Adi saba hIkA samAveza huA samajhiye arthAta jaina hote huye bhI pratyeka vyaktikI jAti jyoMkI tyoM rahatI hai, isameM saMzaya nahIM hai; yadyapi kisI ajainake jainadharmameM dIkSita hote samaya usakI AnIvikA-vRtti aura rahanasahanake anusAra usako upayukta jAtimeM sammilita kiyA jAsakatA hai| __ ataH jainadharma viSayaka isa saMkSipta itihAsameM jaina mahApurupokA aura jainadharma sambandhI vizeSa ghaTanAoMcA paricaya evaM usakA prabhAva bhinnara kAloM meM usa samayakI paristhitipara sA paDA thA. yaha batalAnA iSTa hai| isake prathama bhAgameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI takakA sAmAnya paricaya prakaTa kiyA nAcukA hai| isa bhAgameM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayase uparAnta madhyakAlatabake jaina itihAsako saMkSepa meM prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| prathama bhAgameM jaina bhUgolameM bhArata- . varSakA sthAna aura usakA prAkRtarUpa AdikA paricaya karAyA nAcukA hai| .. sacamuca kisI dezakI prAkRtika sthitikA prabhAva apanI bhAratako prAkRta khAsa vizeSatA rakhatA hai| upadezakA itihAsa dazAkA prabhAva / hI usa prabhAvake daMgapara Dhala jAtA hai| bhAratake viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki usakI prAkRtika sthitikA sAmAjika saMsthAoM aura manuSyoMkI rahanasahana para bar3A prabhAva pddaa| dhIrena bar3I bar3I nadiyoMke kinAre suramya nagara basa gaye jo kAlAntarameM vyApArake prasiddha kendra hogaye / bhUmike urvarA honese deza dhana 1-AdipurANa parva 39 // :/" .. .. . -

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__saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / dhAnyakI sadeva pracuratA rahI /* isase samyatAke vijJAsameM bar3I sahAyatA milI / jaba manuSyakA citta zAnta rahatA hai aura jaba kisI prakAra unakA mana DAMvADola nahIM hotA tabhI lalitakalA, vijJAna aura ucca koTika sAhityakA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| prAcIna bhAratavAsiyoMke jIvanako sukhamaya banAnevAle padArtha sulabha the !* isIlie usakI sabhyatA sadaiva agragaNya rhii| cAroM orase nurakSita hone ke kAraNa bhAratakA anya dezoMse vizeSa samparka nahIM huaa| phalataH yahAM sAmAjika saMsthAeM aisI dRr3ha hogaI ki unake vanvanoMkA DhIlA karanA aba bhI kaThina pratIta hotA hai| yahAMka mUla nivAsiyoMpara bAharI AkramaNakAriyoM kA kabhI adhika prabhAva nahIM paDA / jo anya dezoMse bhI Aye ne yahAMkI janatA meM mila gaye aura unhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita dharma aura rItirivAjoMko apanA - * samrAT candraguptake samayameM bhAratameM Ae hue yUnAnI lekhakoMka nimna vAkya isa khUSiyoM ko acchI taraha prakaTa kara dete haiN| megasthanIja likhatA hai:-"bhAratameM bahutase bar3e parvata hai, jinapara hara prakArake phala-phUla denevALe vRkSa vahutAyatase haiM aura kaI lambe caur3e upajAU maidAna hai; jinameM nadiyAM bahatI hai| pRthivIkA vahubhAga jalase sIMcA huA milatA hai, jisase phasala bhI khUba hotI hai|...bhaartvaasiyoNke jIvanako mukhamaya vanAnevAlI sAmagrI sulabha hai, isa kAraNa unakA zarIra gaThana bhI utkRSTa hai aura vaha apanI sammAnayukta zikSA-dIkSAke kAraNa savameM alaga najara par3ate haiM / lalita kalAoMmeM bhI ve vizeSa paTu hai / phaloke atirikta bhUgarbhase unheM sonA, cAMdI, tAmbA, lohA, ityAdi dhAtue~ bhI bAhulyatAse prApta haiN| isIliye kahate hai ki bhAratameM kabhI akAla nahIM par3o aura na yahAM khAdya padArthakI kaThinAI kabhI agAr3hI aaii|" -krinDala, ainziyenTa inDiyA, pR0 30-32.

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maajhyn| liyaa| apane dezameM saba prakArakI suvidhA hone ke kAraNa bhAratavAsiyoMne sAMsArika viSayoM ko chor3akara paramArthakI ora adhika dhyAna diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna kAlameM AdhyAtmika unnati adhika huI aura hindu samAjameM adabhuta tatvajJAnI hue I+ ___isa sthitise katipaya vidvAn bhAratakI kucha hAni huI khayAla karate haiM / unakA anumAna hai ki dezakI pracura sampattise AkarSita hokara manekavAra videziyoMke bhAratapara AkramaNa hue aura usameM unane khUba aMdhAdhuMdhI mcaaii| uparokta sthitike kAraNa bhAratavAsI unakA mukAbilA karane ke liye paryApta balavAna na rahe; kintu unake isa kathanameM, aitihAsika dRSTise, bahuta hI kama tathya hai / tattvajJAnakI adbhuta unnati bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha ke samayameM khuba huI thii| usasamaya dezake eka chorase dUsare chorataka AdhyAsmika bhAvoMkI lahara daur3a rahI thI; kintu usase logoMmeM bhIratAkA samAveza nahIM huA thaa| yaha jIvake amarapanemeM dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhate the aura yahI kAraNa thA ki antima nandarAjAke samayameM hue sikaMdara mahAnake AkramaNakA bhAratIyoMne bar3I vIratAke sAtha mukAbalA kiyA thaa| yahAMtaka ki bhAratIya senAkI dRr3hatA aura tatparatA .dekhakara yunAnI senAke Asana pahalese bhI aura DhIle hogaye the| phalataH sikandara apane nizcayako saphala nahIM banA sakA thaa| isake uparAnta candragupta maurya ne usa hI AdhyAtmika sthitike madhya nisa satsAhasakA paricaya diyA thA, vaha vidvAnoMke uparokta kathanako sarvathA nirmUla kara detA hai| samrAT candragupta mauryane yUnAni. * bhAratavarSakA itihAsa pR0 19. - - -

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8 ] saMkSipta itihAsa | yoMko bhAratavarSakI sImAoMse bAhara nikAla diyA thA aura yUnAniyoMse aphagAnistAna vartI eriyAnA pradeza bhI le liyA thA / yUnAnI rAjA selyUkasane vinamra ho apanI kanyA bhI candraguptako bheMTakara dI thI / isa prakAra jabataka tattvajJAnakI lahara viveka bhAvase bhAratavasuMdharA para bahatI rahI, tabataka isa dezakI kucha bhI hAni nahIM huI, kintu jyoMhI tattvajJAnakA sthAna sAmpradAyika mor3a aura vidveSako milagayA, tyoMhI isa dezakA sarvanAza honA prAraMbha hogayA / hUNa athavA zakalogoMke mAkramaNa, jo UparAnta bhAratapara huye unameM una videziyoMko saphalatA paraspara meM phaile huye isa sAmpradAyika vidveSake kAraNa hI milii| aura phira pichale jamAne meM musalamAna, AkramaNakArI rAjapUtoMpara pArasparika ekatA aura saMgaThana ke abhAva meM vijayI huye / varan koI nahIM kaha saktA hai ki rAjapUtoM meM vIratA nahIM thI / ataeva vyAdhyAtmika tattvake bahupracAra hone se isa dezakI hAni huI khyAla karanA nirIha bhUla hai / 1 Ajase karIba DhAI hajAra varSa pahile bhI bhAratakI AkRti prAcIna bhAratakA aura vistAra prAyaH Ajakala ke samAna thA / svarUpa / saubhAgya se usasamaya sikandara mahAna ke sAtha Aye huye yUnAnI lekhakoM kI sAkSI se usa samaya ke bhAratakA AkAravistAra vidita hojAtA hai | megAsthanIja kahatA hai ki usa samayakA bhArata samacaturAkAra (Quadrilateral ) thA / pUrvIya aura dakSiNIya sImAyeM samudra se veSTita thIM; kintu uttarIyabhAga himAlaya parvata (Mount Hemodos ) dvArA zAkyadeza ( Skythia ) se prathaka kara diyA gayA thaa| pazcima meM bhArata kI sImAko siMdhunadI

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praakkthn| RA prakaTa karatI thI, jo usa samaya saMsArabharameM nIlanadIke matirikta sabase bar3I mAnI jAtI thii| sAre dezakA vistAra arthAta pUrvase pazcimatakA 1149 mIla aura uttarase dakSiNatara 1838 mIla thaa| yaha varNana bhAratakI vartamAna AkRtise prAyaH ThIka baiThatA hai / jisa prakAra bhArata Ana eka mahAdvIpa hai, usI prakAra taba thaa| Aja ' isa dezakI uttarI sthalasImA 1600 mIla, pUrvapazcimakI sImA lagabhaga 1200 aura pUrvottara sImA lagabhaga 900 mIla hai / samudrataTakA vistAra lagabhaga 3500 mIla hai / ' kula kSetraphala 18,02,657 vargamIla hai| hAM, eka bAta usa samaya avazya vizeSa thI aura vaha yaha thI ki candragupta mauryane yUnAnI rAnA selyUkasako parAsta karake aphagAnistAna, bAMdhAra Adi pazcima sImAvartI deza bhI bhAratameM sammilita kara liye the| ___ bhAratake vividha prAntoMmeM paraspara eka dUsarese vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai aura yahAMke nivAsI manuSya bhI saba bhAratakI ektaa| eka nasalake nahIM haiN| megasthanIja bhI batalAtA hai ki bhAratakI vRhata mArutiko eka hI deza lete huye, usameM aneka aura bhinna jAtiyoM ke manuSya rahate milate haiM; kintu unameMse eka bhI kisI videzI nasalake vaMzana nahIM the| unake AcAravicAra prAyaH eka dUsarese bahuta milate julate the| isI kAraNa yUnAnI bhI sAre dezako eka hI mAnate the aura sikandara mahAnakI abhilApA bhI samagra dezapara apanA sikkA jamAnekI thii| bhAratIya 1-maie i. pR0 3012-pUrva pR0 35 /

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10.] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| rAjA-mahArAjA bhI sAre dezapara apanA nAdhipatya phailAnA Avazyaka samajhate the| sArAMzataH prAcInakAla se hI bhaugolika dRSTise sArA deza eka hI samajhA jAtA rahA hai / aba bhI yaha bAta jyoMkI tyoM hai| bhArata eka deza hai aura usakI maulika ekatA bhAva yahA~ke nivAsiyoMmeM sadA rahA hai| kintu isa maulika ekatAke hote huye bhI, jisa prakAra vartamAna meM bhArata bhaneka prAntoMmeM vibhakta hai, usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne samaya meM bhI baMTAhamA thaa| isa samaya aura usa samaya bhAratakI rAjanaitika paristhitimeM bar3A bhArI aMtara yaha thA ki Aja samRcA bhArata eka sAmrAjya ke antargata zAsita hai, kintu usa samaya yaha deza bhinnara rAjAoMke mAdhIna athavA prajAtaMtra saMghoMkI trachAyAmeM thaa| hAM, azoka mautrake samaya bhabazya. hI prAyaH sArA bhArata usake AdhIna hogayA thaa| ma. gautamabuddha janmake pahilese bhArata solaha rAjyoM meM tatkAlIna mukhya vibhakta thA; kintu jainazAstra batalAte haiM ki raajy| ina solaha rAjyoMke mastitvameM Aneke jarA hI pahile sArvabhauma cakravartI samrAT brahmadattake samayameM bhArata sAmrAjya eka thA aura usakI rAjya vyavasthA samrATa brahmadattake AdhIna thii| samrAT brahmadattakA ghora patana usake atyAcAroM ke kAraNa humA aura usakI mRtyuke sAtha hI bhArata sAmrAjya titara-vitara hokara nimnalikhita solaha rAjyoM meM baMTagayA: (1) aGga-rAjadhAnI campA; (2) magadha-rAjadhAnI rAmagRha; (3) kAzI-rA. pA0 banArasa; (4) kauzala (Adhunika nepAla)rA0 zrAvastI; (5) vajjiyana-rA: vaizAlI; (6) malla-rA. pAvA

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praakkthn| [11 aura kusInArA; (7) cetIyagaNa-uttarIya parvatoMmeM avasthita thA; (8) vansa yA vatsa-0 kauzAmbI; (9) kuru-indraprastha; isake . pUrvameM pAJcAla aura dakSiNameM matsya thA / rasthapAla kuruvaMzI saradAra the: (10) pAJcAla-kurudezake pUrvameM parvatoM aura gaMgAke madhya avasthita thA aura do vibhAgoMmeM vibhakta thA; rA0 ghA0 kApilya aura kannauja thIM; (11) matsya-kuruke dakSiNameM aura jamanAke pazcimameM thAH (12) surasena-jamanAke pazcimameM aura matsya ke dakSiNa-pazcimameM thA rA0 mathurA; (13) assaka-asantIse pare, rA0 dhA0 potalI yA potanaH (14) avantI-rA0 ujjayanI; IsAkI dUsarI zatAbdi taka bhavantI kahalAI; kintu 7vIM, vIM zatAbdike uparAnta yaha mAlavA kahalAne lagI; (15) gAndhAra-mAnakA kAndhArahai-0 takSazilA, rAjA pravakusAti aura (16) kamboja-uttara-- pazcimake TheTha chorapara thI, rAjadhAnI dvArikA thii| kintu uparAnta ma0 gautamabuddhake jIvanakAlameM kauzalakA adhikAra kAzIpara hogayA thA; aGgapara magadhAdhipane adhikAra jamA liyA thA aura mastake loga saMbhavataH avantIke AdhIna hogaye the| isaprakAra usa samayake bhAratakI dazA thii| inameM magadharAjya pramukha thA aura 'zizunAgavaMza ke rAjA vahAM rAjya karate the| usasamaya jaina dharmake atirikta vaidika aura bauddhadharma vizeSa ullekhanIya the| usasamaya yahAMke nivAsiyoM kI saMkhyA Anase kama yA jyAdA thI, yaha vidita nahIM hotA; kintu Aja bhAratakI janasaMkhyA tIsakaror3ase adhika hai, jisameM sirpha 1209235 jainI haiN| 1-subisTa iMDiyA pR0 13 / 2-bhapa0, pR. 62 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | zizunAga vaMza / ( I0 pUrva 645 se I0 pUrva 480 ) IsA se pUrva chaThI zatAbdimeM bhArata meM sabai pramukha rAjya magazizunAgavaMzakI ghar3A thA aura isI rAjya ke paricayame bhAratakA utpatti / eka vizvasanIya itihAsa prArambha hotA hai / usa samaya yahAMkA rAjyazAsana zizunAgavaMzI kSatrI rAjAoMke adhikAra meM thA / isa vaMza kI utpattike viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki mahAbhArata yuddha meM yahAM candravaMzI kSatriyoMkA zAsanAvikAra thA; kintu isa yuddha meM zrIkRSNake hAthase jarAsindhuke mAre jAneke uparAnta java jarA sindhukA aMtima vaMzaja ripuMjaya magadhakA rAjA thA, taba isake maMtrI zukanadevane vi0 saM0 se 677 varSa pUrva use mAraDAlA aura apane putra pradyotanako magadhakA rAjA banA diyA thaa| pradyotanake vaMzajoMmeM vi0 saM0ke 677 varSa pUrva se 585 varSa pUrva-taka pAlaka, vizAkhayUSa, janaka aura nandivarddhanane rAjya kiyA / inake pazcAt isa vaMzake pAMcaveM rAjA zizunAga nAmaka huye the / 12 ] yaha rAjA bar3A parAkramI, pratApI aura aisA lokapriya thA ki bagAr3I yaha vaMza isIke nAmapara 'zizunAgavaMza' ke nAma se prasiddha -huA | jainazAstroMse isa vaMzakA bhI kSatrI honA siddha hai / vi0 saM0 ke 189 varSa pUrvase 423 varSaM pUrvataka ( I0 pUrva 642 se 480) taka rAjA zizunAgase isa vaMzameM nimnaprakAra daza rAjA hue the:- (1) zizunAga, (2) kAkavaNe yA zAkaparNa, (3) dharmapaNa, (4) kSatrauna (kSemati, kSetrajJa, yA upazreNika), (9) zreNika-

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[ 13 zizunAga vaMza | bimbasAra (vindhyasAra, vindUmAra yA vidhisAra ), (6) kuNika yA ajAtazatru, (7) darabhaka (darzaka, harSaka yA vaMzaka ); (8) udayAdha (udAsI, ajaya, udayI, udayan yA udayabhadra0); (9) nandivAI na (anuruddha yA muMDa) aura (10) mahAnandi | 1 rAjA kSatrau athavA upazreNika prasiddha samrAT zreNika bimba eatre Rar sArake pitA the / yaha magadhake choTese rAjyapara kSatraujasa athavA upazreNika / zAsana karate the aura inakI rAjadhAnI prAcIna rAjagRha thI / zizunAga vaMzake yaha cauthe rAjA the aura bar3e dharmAtmA evaM zUravIra the / jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki inhoMne AsapAsa ke. rAjAoM ko apane AdhIna banA liyA thA / usa samaya candrapurakA rAjA somazarmA apane parAkramake samakSa anya sabako tuccha ginatA thA, kintu mahArAja upazreNikane use bhI parAsta kara diyA thA / candrapura ke nikaTa hI batAyA gayA hai| isa rAjAne upazreNikakI bheMTa meM eka ghor3A bhejA thaa| vaha ghor3A eka divasa upazreNikako bhIloMkI eka pachI meM le pahuMcA thA jahAM bhIla rAjA yamadaMDakI kanyA tilakavatI rUpalAvaNyapara vaha mugdha hogaye the aura usake putrako rAjyAdhikArI banAnekA vacana dekara unhoMne use apanI rAnI banAyA thaa| ina tilakAvatI se cilAtaputra nAmaka putra huA thA / - vRjeza0, pR0 167 yaha varNana saMbhavataH hindU purANoM ke AdhArase hai | jainagranthoM meM isa vaMzakA paricaya upazreNikase milatA hai / 2-zreNika caritra pR0 20 / 3 - ArAdhanA kathAkoSa bhA0 3 pR0 33 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kintu rAjA upazreNikakI paTTarAnI indrANI nAmaka kSatrI kanyA thii| unake garbhase samrAi zreNika viSazreNika vishvsaar| sArakA janma humA thA | upazceNikake pazcAt magadharAjyake adhikArI zreNika mahArAja hI hue the; yadyapi mahArAja upazreNikake dehAMta honeke pazcAt nAma mAtrako kucha dinoMke liye magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para cilAta putra bhI AsIna huA thaa| kintu usake anyAyase dukhI hokara prajAne zreNika vivastArako rAjya siMhAsana para baiThAyA thaa| cilAtaputra prANa lekara bhAgA aura mArgameM vaibhAra parvatapara munisaMghako dekha vaha vahAM pahuMcakara dattamuni nAmaka AcAryase maina sAdhunI dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNameM laga gayA thaa| vaha zIghra hI isa nazvara zarIrako chor3akara sarvArthasihi nAmaka vimAnameM deva huaa| idhara samrAT zreNika vimbasAra rAjyAdhikArI hue aura nIti pUrvaka prajAtrA pAlana karane lage the| bhAratIya itihAsameM yahI pahilA rAnA hai, jisake viSayameM kucha aitihAsika vRttAMta mAlUma humA hai| jisa samaya cilAtaputrako upazNikane rAjA banAyA thA, zeNikA prAraMbhika usa samaya unhoMne zreNikako dezase nirvAsita jobanA kara diyA thaa| aneka zAstroM aura kSatrIdharmakI * pradhAna zastra vidyAmeM nipuNa vIra zreNika, pitAkI AjJAko ThIka rAmacandranIkI taraha zirodhArya karake apanI janmabhUmiko chor3akara cale gaye the| vaha. veNapadma nAmaka nagarameM pahuMcakara somazarmA nAmaka brAhmaNake yahAM atithi rahe the| somazarmAkI yuvA putrI nandazrI 1-Aka: bhA0 3 pR0 36 //

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zizunAga vaMza | [15 inake guNoMpara mugdha hogaI thI aura antameM usakA vivAha mahArAja zreNika ke sAtha hogayA thA / IsI nandazrIse zreNikake jyeSTha putra samayakumArakA janma huA thA / zreNikake rAjasampanna honeke pazcAt dakSiNa bhArata ke kerala nareza mRgAMne apanI kanyA vilAsavatIkA vivAha bhI unake sAtha kara diyA thA | cauDoMke tibbatIya dukhameM zAyada inhIM kA ullekha vAsavIke nAmase humA hai; jahAM vaha eka sAdhAraNa licchavinAyaka kI putrI aura zreNika ke dUsare putra kuNika ajAtazatrukI mAtA pragaTa kI gaI hai kintu yaha kathana bauddhoMke pAlI granthoMkI mAnyatAse bAdhita hai| pAlI granthoMmeM kahIM unheM vaizAlIkI vezyA AmrapA ke garma aura zreNika aurasase janmA vatalAyA hai aura kahIM unheM ujjanIkI vezyA padmAvatI kI kokha se janmA likhA hai / aisI dazAmeM unake kathana vizvAsa karane ke yogya nahIM haiM / mAtRma aisA hotA hai ki kuNika majAtazatru apane prAraMbhika aura aMtima jIvanameM janadharmAnuyAyI thA aura vaha cauddha saMghake drohI devadatta nAmaka sAdhuke bahakAve meM AgayA thA, inhIM kAraNoMse bauddhoMne sAmpradAyika vidveSavaza aisI nirAdhAra va bhartsanA pUrNa bAteM unake sambaMdha meM likha mArI haiM | varan svayaM unhIMke granthoMse pragaTa hai ki majAtazatru 1 1 - zreNika caritra (1061) naMdazrIko vedaya indradatta seTokI putrI likhA hai, kintu usase prAcIna 'uttarapurANa' meM vaha cahmaNa kanyA batAI gaI hai / u0 pu0 pR0 620 | 2 - 0 ca0 pR0 99 / 3 - hamArA " ; bhagavAna mahAvIra pR0 138 va kSatrI kensa0 pR0 125-128 | 4- kahila, lAipha oNpha dI budra, pR0 64 / 5-dI sAmsa oNpha dI sisTarsa, pR0 10 /

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16] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| videhakI rAjakumArIkA putra thA, jo vaidehI-celanA athavA zrImadrA yA bhadrA kahalAtI thii| kuNika bhI apanI mAtAkI apekSA 'vaidehI putra' ke nAmase prakhyAta thaa| jaina zAstra bhI celanIko vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTakakI putrI batalAte haiN| celanI bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mausI thii| niA samaya cela. nIkA vivAha samrAT zreNiya ke mAtha huA thA, usamamaya vaha bauddha thA; kintu uparAMta mahAgaNI celanI prayatnase vaha janadharmAnuyAyI huA thaa| bauddha dharmake liye unhoMne kucha vizeSa kArya nahIM kiyA thA aura vaha bahuta dinoM taka bauddha mhe bhI nahIM the; yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM unakA ullekha kaThinatAse milatA hai / mahArANI celanIke atirikta kauzalakI eka ganakumArI bhI manAT zreNikakI patnI thiiN| kintu ina sabameM paTarAnI (mahAdevI )kA pada celanIko hI prApta thaa| celanI jainadharmakI parama bhakta thI aura jainadharmakI prabhAvanAke liye isane aneka kArya kiye the| isake anAtazatruke atirikta cha putra aura huye the; arthAt (1) nanAtazatru (kuNika vA akrUra ), (2) vANi , (3) halla, (4) vidala, (6) jitazatru, (6) gajakumAra (daMtikupAra) aura (7) meSakumAra | kiMtu inakA mauserA bhAI abhayakumAra ina sabase bar3A thA aura vaha jaina muni honeke pahale taka yuvarAja rahA thaa| ___ ajAtazatrukI bahina guNavatI nAmakI thI aura dUsarI mauserI 1-bha0 ma0 pR. 143 / 2-30 pu0, pR0 634 0 niryAvalI sutrameM bhI unheM rAjA ceTakakI putrI likhA hai| Gs., Vol xxu, Intro. pp. XIII. 3-bha0 ma0 pR0 134-151 /

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zizunAga vNsh| [17 bahina mahAgaNI vilAsavatIkI putrI padmAvatI thii| guNavatIkA vivAha ujjainIke prasiddha aura vizeSa guNa saMpanna vaizya putra dhanyakumAra ke sAtha huA thA / guNavatI svayaM dhanyakumArake guNoMpara mugdha huI thI aura antataH usako uttama kulakA pAkara samrAT zreNikane guNavatIkA pANigrahaNa zreSTI putrake sAtha kara diyA thaa| zvetAMbarAnAyake granthoM meM zreNikakI daza rAniyAM batAI gaI haiM, jinhoMne candanA mAthikAke nikaTa zAstra adhyayana kiyA thA / ( 4 ma0) inake putra pautra jaina muni huye the| * jisa prakAra samrAT zreNikakA kauTuMbika jIvana Anandamaya zreNika vimbasAra aura thA, usI prakAra unakI rAjanIti kuzAgra* anya rAjya / tAke kAraNa unakA nAjanaitika jIvana bhI gaurava pUrNa thaa| mahArAja upazreNikane magadha rAjyake nikaTavartI choTe rAjAoMko apane AdhIna kara liyA thaa| samra zreNikane unase * agADI bar3hakara nikaTake aMgadezako jIta liyA aura use apane rAjyameM milA liyaa| magadha rAjyakI unnatikA sUtrapAta isI aMgadezakI jItase huA aura isa kAraNa zreNika vimbasArako yadi magadha sAmrAjyakA saccA saMsthApaka kaheM to anucita nahIM hai| ___aMgadeza usasamaya Ajakalake bhAgalapura aura muMgera jiloMke barAbara thA aura vahA~kA zAsana kuNika manAtazatruke supurda thaa| zreNika vimbaptArakA eka anya yuddha vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakase bhI -vRhad jaina zabdArNava, bhA0 1 pR. 25 va 167 / 2-dhanyaku. mAra carita parva 6 ma. iMai0 bhA0 20 pR. 18 / 3-ahi i0 . pR. 33 //

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28] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / huA thA; kintu usakA anta parasparameM sandhi hokara hogayA thaa|' kahate haiM ki isI sandhike uparAnta zreNikakA vivAha kumArI cekajIke sAtha huA thaa| samrATa zreNika vimbasArane apane bar3hate hue rAjyabalako dekhakara hI zAyada eka naI rAnapAnI-navIna rAnagRhakI nIMva DAlI thii| unane apane par3osake do mahAzaktizAlI rAjyoMkauzala aura vaizAlIse sambandha sthApita karake apanI rAjanIti 'kuzalatAkA paricaya diyA thA-ina sambandhoM se unakI zakti aura pratiSThA adhika bar3ha gaI thii| mAdhunika vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki samrATa vimbasArane sana I. se pUrva 582 se 554 varSa taka kula 28 varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| kintu bauddha granthoMmeM unheM pandraha varSakI avasthAmeM siMhAsanArUr3ha : hokara 52 varSa taka rAjya karate likhA hai| (dIpavaMza 3-56-10) 'vaha ma0 buddhase pAMca varSa choTe the {* phArasa (Persin) kA vAdazAha dArA (Darias) inhIMkA samakAlIna thA aura usane siMdhunadIvartI pradezako apane rAjyameM milA liyA thaa| kintu dArAke upa rAMta cauthI zatAbdi I0 50ke mArambhameM jaba phArasakA. sAmrAjya 'durbala hogayA, tara yaha saba punaH svAdhIna hogaye the| itanepara bhI isa vijayakA prabhAva mAratapara sthAyI rhaa| yahAM eka naI lipi -- 1-kAramAikala levacarsa, 1018, pR0 71 / 2-ahii0, pR. 33 / . 3. adha0, 50 4 / 4-oNdii0, pR0 451 * mi0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane zreNikakA rAjya kAla 51 varSa * (601-552-I0 pUrva ) likhA he 3. kauzAMpoMke -parantapa zatAbdika va zrAvastIke prasenajI samakAlIna rAjA the / jIva oso bhA0.1 pR.14||

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zizunAga vNsh| . [19 jise kharoSTI lipi kahate haiM, pracalita hogaI aura yahAM ke zilpa para bhI phArasakI kalAkA prabhAva par3A thaa| samrATa zreNikake rAjya satra meM janoM kA kahanA hai ki unake rAjya karate samaya na to rAjyameM kisI prakArako anIti thI aura na kisI prakArakA bhaya hI thA, kintu pranA acchI taraha sukhAnubhava karatI thii|' jainadharmake itihAsa meM zreNika vimbasArako pramukha sthAna prApta hai| zreNika vidasAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samozaraNa (mabhAgRha) meM vaha jaina the aura unakA mukhya zrotA the| jainoMkI mAnyatA hai ki yadi dhArmika jIvana / zreNika mahArAja bhagavAna mahAvIrajIse sATha hanAra prazna nahIM karate, to Ana jainadharmakA nAma bhI sunAI nahIM par3atA ! kiMtu abhAgyavaza ina itane praznoM se . mAna hameM ati marupa saMkhyaka praznoM kA uttara milatA hai / prAyaH jitane bhI purANa anya milate haiM, vaha saba bhagavAna mahAvIrake samozaraNameM zreNika mahArAna dvArA kiye gaye prazna ke uttarameM pratipAdita huye milate haiN| jainAcAryAcI isa paripATIse mahArAja zreNikakI jainadharma meM jo pradhAnatA hai, vaha spaSTa hojAtI hai| zreNika mahArAnako cauha apane dharmakA anuyAyI batalAte haiM; kiMtu bauddhoM kA yaha dAvA unake prAramika' jIvanake sambandhame ThIka hai| avazeSa jIvanameM vaha pakke nainadharmAnuyAyI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha graMthoM meM unake aMtima jIvana ke viSayameM ghRNita aura kaTu varNana milatA hai, jaise ki hama agADI dekheNge| ___ jana zreNika mahArAnako jainadharmameM dRr3ha zradAna hogayA thA, -bhAiH pR0 14 // 2-sa0 ma0, 12 138-14 / '

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A 10] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / taba unhoMne jainadharma prabhAvanAke liye aneka kArya kiye the| jaba jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrakA samozaraNa rAjagRhake nikaTa vipunAcala parvata para pahuMcA thA, taba taba unhoMne rAjadundubhi vanavAkara saparicAra aura prajA sahita bhagavAnakI vandanA kI thii| unhoMne kaI eka jana maMdira banavAye the / sammedazikhara para jo jana tIrthaMkaroM ke samAdhi maMdira aura unameM caraNacihna virAjamAna haiM, unako sabase pahile phirase samrAT zreNikane hI banavAyA thaa| inake sivAya jainadharmake liye unhoM aura kyA 2 kArya kiye, ipako jAnane ke liye hamAre pAma paryApta sAdhana nahIM hai / to bhI jaina zAstroM ke madhyayanase unake vizeSa kAryoM kA patA khuba calatA hai aura yaha spaSTa hojAtA hai ki isa rAjavaMzame jainadharmakI gati vizeSa thii| zreNiruke putroM se kaI bhagavAna mahAvIrake nikaTa jaina muni hogaye the| samrAT Nika kSAyika samyagdRSTI the parantu vaha vratoM kA abhyAsa nahIM kara sake the| ipapara bhI vaha apane dharmapremake aTUTa puNya pratApase AgAmI padmanAma nAmaka prathama tIrthakara hoNge| Upara kahA jAcukA hai ki samrada zreNikake jyeSTha putra abha ___yakumAra the aura vahI yuvarAja padapara rahakara yuvarAja abhykumaar| ""bahuta dinoMtaka rAjyazAsanameM apane pitAkA hAtha baTAte rahe the / phalataH magadhakA gajya bhI bahAra dUgnaka phaila : gayA thaa| apane pitAke -samAna abhayakumAra bhI eka samaya bauddha the kiMtu uparAnta vaha bhI jainadhamake paramabhakta haye the| bauddhagranthase 1-sva vinsenTa smitha sAhabane unheM eka jaina rAjA pragaTa kiyA hai| mahii. pR0 45 / 2-aiziyATika sosAiTI jarnala, janavarI 1824 va ma0ma0 pR0 147 / 3-bhAi0, pR0 54 /

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zizunAga vNsh| bhI patA calatA hai ki vaha avazya hI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke paramabhakta aura zraddhAlu the; kiMtu unake isa kathanameM tathya nahIM dikhatA ki vaha bauddha bhikSu hogaye the| hAM, jaina graMthoMse yaha prakaTa hai ki mapane prAraMbhika jIvanameM abhayakumAra avazya cauddha rahe the / amayakumAra Ajanma brahmacArI rahe the / vaha yuvAvasthAmeM hI udAsIna vRttike the / unane isa vAtakI koziza bhI kI thI ki vaha jaldI jaina muni honA; kintu vaha sahasA pitR AjJAkA ullaMghana nahIM kara sake the| gRhastha dazAmeM unane zrAvakoMke vratoMkA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura phira apane mAtA-pitAko samajhA bujhAkara vaha jaina muni hogaye the| apane pitA ke sAtha vaha kaIvAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke darzana kara cuke the aura unake nikaTase apane pUrvabhava sunakara unheM jainadharmameM zraddhA huI thii| abhayakumAra apanI buddhimattA aura cAritra niSThAke liye rAnagRhameM prakhyAta the| zvetAMbarIya zAstroMkA kathana hai ki gRhastha dazAmeM abhayakumArane apane mitra eka yavana rAjakumArako, jisakA nAma bhadrika thA, jainadharmakA zraddhAnI banAyA thaa| isa mAkane eka bhAratIya 15-mahima0 ma0 mA0 1 pR0 392 / 2-bhamabu0, pR0 191194 / 37-aca0, pR. 1371 4-hijevA0, pR0 11 va 91 veka * sUtratAMgameM inako lakSya karake eka vyAkhyAna likhA gayA hai| (S.B. 'E., XLV., 400). yaha yavana batAye gaye hai, jisase bhAva yUnAnI : athavA IrAnI (Persian) ke hote haiN| hamAre vicArase isakA IrAnI honA ThIka hai, kyoMki usa samaya Izana (phArasaM ) kA hI dhaniSTha samparka bhAratase thA aura jaina maMtrI rAkSasake sahAyakoMmeM bhI phArasakA nAma hai, murA * 56 /

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22] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| mahilAke sAtha vivAha kiyA thA aura pazcAta vaha bhI jaina muni hogayA thA / abhayakumArane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukhya gaNaghara.indra. mRti gautamake nikaTa jaina munikI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura aMtameM ko nAza karake vipulAcala parvataparase vaha avyAbASa mokSasukhako prApta huye the| __ abhayakumArake jaina muni ho jAneke uparAnta yuvarAja pada zreNikakA antima kuNika ajAtazatruko milA thaa| kintu jIvana aura ajAtazatru vaha isa padapara adhika dina mAsIna nahIM bauddhale phira jain| raha skaa| zreNina mahArAja apanI buddha avasthA dekhakara Atmahita cintanAne zIghra hI vyasta hue the| eka roja unhoMne apane sAmantoMko ikaTThA kiyA aura unakI sammatipUrvaka bar3e samArohake sAtha apanA vizAla rAjya yuvarAma kuNika * majAtazatruko dediyA / ve nItipUrvaka prajAkA pAlana karane lage the| udhara samrATa zreNika ekAntameM rahakara dharmasAdhana karanemeM saMlagna hue the| yaha ghaTanA I0 pU0 san 194 meM ghaTita huI anumAna "jhI jAtI hai aura cUMki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa I-pUra -sana.545 meM huA thA, isaliye bhagavAnake jIvanakAlameM hI zreNikAcA mantima jIvana vyatIta huA pragaTa hotA hai| kuNika ajAtazatruke rAjyAdhikArI honeke kiMcita-kAla pazcAta hI unakA vyavahAra zreNika mahArAjake prati burA hone lagA thA jinazAla .hate haiM ki pUrva vairake kAraNa ajAtazatrune unako kATheke paunareneM baMda kara diyA aura vaha unheM manamAne duHkha dene lagA thaa| kintu / 1-apra pR0 130 / 2-ahii0, pR0 36 //

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[23 zizunAga vNsh| bauDa graMthoMse patA calatA hai ki usane yaha duSTa kArya devadatta nAmaka eka caudasaMghadrohI sAdhuke bahakAnese kiyA thaa| kuNika ajAtazatrukA samparka bauddha saMghase usa samayase thA, naba vaha rAjakumAra hI thA / aura aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isa samaya vaha bauddhabhakta hogayA thA aura apane pitAko kaSTa dene lagA thA kyoMki vaha janadharmAnuyAyI the| apane jIvana ke prAraMbhameM manAtazatru bhI jana thA; yahI kAraNa hai ki unako bauddhagraMthoM meM taba saba duSkarmokA samarthaka aura poSaka' likhA hai| bauddha aMthoMmeM janoMse ghora spardA aura unako nIcA dikhAnekA pada padapara avizrAnta prayatna kiyA huA milatA hai| aisI dazAmeM unake kathanako yadyapi sAmpradAyika mata puTike kathanase adhika mahattva nahIM diyA jAtaktA / to bhI ukta prakAra kuNikakA pitRdrohI honA isI kTu sAmpradAyikatAkA viSaphala mAnanA ThIka jaMcatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vauDagraMtha zreNika mahArAja ke viSayameM mantima pariNAmakA kucha ullekha nahIM karate / kintu isa aitihAsika ghaTanAkA mantima pariNAma yaha humA thA ki kuNikako apanI galtI sUjha gaI thI aura mAtAke samajhAnese vaha pazcAttApa " karatA humA apane pitAko bandhana mukta karane pahuMcA kintu zreNikane usako aura kucha adhika kaSTa dene ke liye mAtA jAnakara apanA 1-mama0, pR0 135-153 / 2-bhamabu0, pariziSTa aura kehi 60 pR0 161-163 / ___ * hi 10 10 184 vetAmbaroM ke niryAvalIsUtra meM isa ghaTanAkA varNana hai / iMe* bhA0 2110 21 / /

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24] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / apaghAta kara liyA thaa| isa hRdayavidAraka ghaTanAse vaha bar3A dukhI huA aura varavaza apane hRdayako zAMti dekara rAjya karane lagA kintu mahArANI celanI rAnamahaloMmeM adhika na Thahara sakI thiiN| unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samozaraNameM jAkara mAryikA candanAke nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa karalI thii|' ___ udhara anAtazatrukA bhI citta bauddhadharmase phira calA thaa| aura jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANa ho jAnele uparAnta, pramukha gaNaghara indrabhUti gautama, zrI sudharmAsvAmI ke sAtha vipulAcalaparvatapara Akara virAjamAna huye the, taba usane saparivAra zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kriye the| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isake thor3e dinoM bAda hI vaha saMsArase birakula virakta hogaye, aura apane putra lokapAla (darzaka). ko choTe bhAI nitazatruke supurda karake svayaM jaina muni hogaye the| unakA dehAnta 527 I0 pU0meM huA pragaTa kiyA gayA hai aura yaha samaya indrabhUti gautama aura sudharmAsvAmIse milakara unake jaina dharma dhAraNa karane Adi ghaTanAoMse ThIka baiThatA hai; kyoMki indrabhUti gautamasvAmI bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAta kevala bAraha varSa aura jIvita rahe the| 1-zreca0, pR. 361 va vRjeza0 pR0 25 / 2-upu0, pR0 706 va kehii0, pR0 161 / 3-vRjeza0, pR0 25 / 4-ahida0, pR0 39-kintu mi0 jAyasavAla kuNikakA rAjyakAla 34 varSa ( 552-518 60 pU0) batAte haiM; jo ThIka jaMcatA hai / (javioso0 bhA0 1 pR0 115) / .

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zizunAga vNsh| [25 , kuNika ajAtazatru apane samayakA eka bar3A rAnA thaa| isake duNika ajJAtazatruke rAjyakAlako mukhya ghaTanAyeM yaha batalAI rAjakolako mukhya jAtI haiM ki-(1) kauzaladezake rAnAke / sAtha ajAtazatrukA yuddha humA thA; jisameM kauzalanarezane apanI vahinakA vivAha karake magadhAtipatise maitrI kara lI thii| kintu mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki isa maitrIke hote hue bhI kauzalapara magadhakA sikkA jama gayA thA; (2) ajAtazatrune vaizAlI (tirahuta) para bhI bhAkramaNa kiyA thA aura use apane rAjyameM milAkara vaha gaMga aura himAlayake vIcavAle pradezakA samrATa bana gayA thaa| mi0 jAyasavAla vaizAlIkI vijaya I0 pUrva 540 meM nirdiSTa karate haiM / (javioso0 bhA0 140 115) zvetAMbara zAstra kahate haiM ki isa saMgrAmameM vaizAlIkI orase 9 malla, 9 licchavi aura 48 kAzI kauzalake gaNarAjAoMne bhAga liyA thaa| (Iai0 bhA0 211-21) (3) usane sona aura gaMgA nadiyoMki saMgamapara pATIlagrAmake samIpa eka kilA bhI banavAyA thA, jisase uparAntake prasiddha nagara pATaliputra ke janmakA sUtrapAta hogayA thaa| aura () yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki usake samayameM zAkya kSatri-yogA, jo mahAtmA gautamavuddhake vaMzana the, burI taraha nAza humA thii| mathaca usane jainadharmako vizeSa rItise apanAyA thA, yaha pahale hI batalAyA jAcukA hai| bauddha na hokara vaha khAsakara eka 1-adi0 37-38. zvetAmbara prepa kahate haiM ki kuNikake bhAhakoM dicchaviyoMne use nahIM diyA thA isa kAraNa yuddha huA thaa| iai0 mA0 210 21 / 2-mahida pR. 36 aura kahida0 pR. 163 / /

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AAR 26] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jaina rAjA thaa| usake rAjyameM jainadharmakA khUba vistAra huA thaa|'x kuNikakI eka mUrti bhI milI hai aura vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usakI eka bAMha TUTI thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha 'kuNika' kahalAtA thA ( javioto. bhA0 1 pRSTha 84 ) kaNika rAjyakAlameM sabase mukhya ghaTanA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nirvANa lAbhako ghaTita huI thii| isI samaya arthAt 145 I0 pUrvameM avantImeM pAlaka nAmaka rAjA siMhAsanapara AsIna humA thaa| ma0 buddhakA svargavAsa bhI lagabhaga isI samaya huA thaa| (javiopso0 bhAga 1 pRSTha 115) kuNika ajAtazatruke pazcAta magadhake rAjya siMhAsanapara usakA darzaka aura putra darzaka mathavA lokapAla adhikArI huA thaa| 'udayan / "kintu isake viSayameM bahuta kama paricaya milatA hai| 'svapnavAsadattA' nAmaka nATakase yaha vatsarAja udayan aura unaitIpati pradyotanake samakAlIna pragaTa hote haiN| pradyotanne inakI kanyAkA pANigrahaNa apane putrase karanA cAhA thaa| darzakake bAda I0 pU0 san .693meM ajAtazatrukA potA udaya athavA udayan magadhakA rAjA huA thaa| usake viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki usane pATaliputra athavA kusumapura nAmaka nagara batAyA thA / isa nagara meM usane eka suMdara jainamaMdira bhI banavAyA thA, kyoMki udayana bhI . apane pitAmahakI bhAMti jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| kahate haiM ki nainadharmaka xkahiM pR. 161 ajAtazatrune apane zIlavatannAmakarabhAIko bhI bIvadharmavimukha banAne ke prayala kiye the| (masAba26/) 3-ahi0, pR0 39 // 3 mahi0 pU0 48 -hili 10 11043 //

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zizunAga vNsh| prati usakA vizeSa anurAga hI usakI mRtyukA kAraNa humA thaa| eka rAjakumAra jisake pitAko udayanane rAjabhraSTa kara diyA thA, rAjamahalameM eka jainamunikA veSa bharakara pahuMcA thA aura usane isako mAra DAlA thA / yaha ghaTanA bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANase sATha varSe vAda ghaTita huI anumAna kI gaI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 545 meM mAnanese, darzakakA rAjya I0 pU0 518 se 483 taka aura udayanakA 483 se 467 taka pramANita hotA hai / ( navioso0 bhAga 1 pRSTha 116) hindu purANoM ke anusAra udayana ke uttarAdhikArI nandivarddhana nAlTina aura aura mahAnandina the; kintu unake viSayameM mhaanndin| vizeSa paricaya nandavaMzake itihAsameM hai| unake nAmoM meM 'nandi' zabdako pAkara, koI 2 vidvAna unheM nandavaMzakA anumAna karatA hai.| uparAntake zvetAmbara graMtha bhI isa bAtakA samarthana karate hue milate haiN| unameM likhA hai ki udayanke. koI putra nahIM thA; ipsaliye eka nanda nAmaka vyaktiko jo eka nAIke sambandhase vezyA putra thA, logoMne rAjA niyata kiyA thaa| isakA rAnamaMtrI kalpaka nAma jainadharmakA bar3ha zraddhAnI thii| kintu isa kathAko satya mAna lenA kaThina hai| mAlama aisA hotA hai ki hindu purANoM meM mahAnandinakI zUdra varNakI (saMbhavataH nAina ) eka . rAnIke garbhase mahApadmanandakA janma huA likhA hai, usI AdhArase zizunAgavaMzakA aMta udayanase karake uparokta kathAkArane nanda nAmaka vyaktiko vezyAputra likha mArI hai kintu udayagirike hAthI--kehihaM0 pR0 164 / 2-ahiha pR0 11|3-hichi je0puu043|| - - -

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28] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / -guphAvAle zilAlekhameM nisa nandakA ullekha AyA hai, use zrIyuta kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane nandivarddhana hI batalAyA hai| isaliye ve nandarAjAoMko do bhAgoMmeM (1) prAcIna (2) aura navIna nanda rUpameM sthApita karate haiN| nandivarDana bhI jainadharma bhakta pratIta hote haiM; kyoMki kaliGga vijaya karake vahAMse vaha eka jaina mUrti bhI lAye the aura use unane surakSita rakkhA thaa| kanimeM unane eka nahara bhI banavAI thii| ajAtazatru, udayana aura nandivarddhanakI mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiM, jo kalakatte aura mathugake manAyabagharameM rakkhI huI haiN| isase ina rAnAoMkA vizeSa prabhAvazAlI honA prakaTa hai| nandivaInake dvArA magadharAjyakI unnati vizeSa huI dRSTi par3atI hai, ki usakA Adhipatya kaliGga dezataka vyApta hogayA thaa| mahAnandinuke sambandhameM kucha adhika jJAta nahIM hotaa| yadyapi yaha prakaTa hai ki usakI zUdrA rAnIse mahApadmanandakA janma huA thA, jisase naMdavaMzakI utpatti huI thI aura vaha magadharAjyakA adhikArI huA thaa| - - - ,' 1-javibhoso, bhA0 4 pR. 435 / . 2-jabiomo0, bhAga 4 pR0 463 / ". . rejavibhoso0, bhAga 1 pR. 88-166 bhA0 6 pR. 173 /

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'licchivi Adi gnnraajy| [29. licchivi Adi gaNarAjcha / I0 pU0 6 vIM shtaabdi| usa samaya jisa prakAra uttarIya bhAratameM magadhapAmrAjya apane jIro svAdhIna aura parAkramI rAjAoM ke liye prasiddha prajAtaMtra raajy| thA, usI prakAra gaNarAjyoM athavA prajAtaMtra rAjyoma vaizAlIkA licchivi vaMza pradhAna thaa| yaha bAta to Aja spaSTa hI hai ki prAcIna bhAratameM prajAtaMtra rAjya the| hiMduoMke mahAbhAratameM aise kaI rAjyoMcA ullekha AyA hai| bauDoMkI jAta kathAoMmeM bhI usasamaya aimI rAjasaMsthAoMkI jhalaka milatI hai| nainoM ke zAstra bhI isa bAtakA samarthana karate haiN| ina prajAtaMtra rAjyoMkI rAjya vyavasthA nAgarika logoMkI eka sabhA dvArA hotI thI, nisakA nirNaya voToM dvArA hotA thaa| tinake DAlakara saba sabhAsada voTa dete the aura bahumata sarvamAnya hotA thA / vRddha aura anubhavI puruSoMko rAjya prabaMdhaka kArya sauMpe jAte the aura unhIM se eka prabhAvazAlI vyakti sabhApati cuna liyA jAtA thA / yaha saba rAnA kahalAte the| vaizAlI ke licchivi kSatriyoM kA rAjya aisA hI thaa| usa-- vaizAlI ke licchiAva samaya inake prajAtaMtra rAjyameM ATha nAtiyAM kSatriyoM ko prajAtaMtra sammilita thiiN| videhake kSatrI loga bhI rAjya / isa pranAtaMtra rAjyameM zAmila the, jisakI rAjadhAnI mithilA thii| licchivi aura videha rAjyoMkA saMyukta -mAi0, pR0 58-59 / 2-zve0 kalpasUtra (120) meM kAzIkauzala, licchavi aura mallika gaNarAjyoM kA ullekha hai| di. jaina ' zAnoMse bhI yaha siddha hai / bhamabu0 pR0 65-66 | -

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30] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / gaNarAjya 'vRji athavA vajji' nAmase bhI prasiddha thaa| isa rAjyameM sammilita huI saba jAtiyAM ApasameM bar3e prema aura snehase rahatI thI, jisake kAraNa unakI Arthika dazA samunnata honeke sAtha 2 etA aisI thI ki jisane unheM eka bar3A prabhAvazAlI rAjya banA diyA thaa| magadhake balavAna rAnA inapara vahata dinoMse AMkha lagAye huye baiThe the kintu inakI ekatAko dekhakara unakI himmata pasta -hojAtI thii| aMtameM magadha ke rAjA ajAtazatrune ina logoMmeM ApasI phUTa paidA karA dI. thI aura taba vaha inako sahaja hI parAsta kara sakA thaa| aikya avasthAmeM unakA rAjya avazya hI eka mAdarza * rAjya thA vaha prAyaH Ajakalake prajAtaMtra ( Republic ) rAjyoM ke samAna thA / jahAMgara licchivi-gaNa darabAra karate the, vahA~para unane . 'TAunahaoNla' banA liye the, jinheM ve 'sAnyAgAra' kahate the| vRji-rAjasaMghameM jo jAtiyAM sammilita thIM, unameM se sadasya cune jAkara vahAM bheje jAte the aura vahAM bahumatase pratyeka Avazyaka kAryakA nirNaya hotA thaa| bauddha grantha isa viSayameM batalAte haiM ki pahile.unameM eka 'bhAsana pazcApa' (Asana-prajJApaka) nAmaka adhikArI cunA jAtA thA, jo avasthAnusAra AgantukoM ko mApana batalAtA thaa| upasthiti paryApta ho jAnepara koI bhI bhAva* zyaka prastAva saMghale sammukha lAyA jAtA thaa| isa kriyAko 'nAti' (jJApti) kahate the|. nAttike pazcAtaH prastAvakI maMjUrI lI jAtI thI arthAta usapara vicAra kiyA jAve yA nhiiN| * yaha prazna eka daphese-tIna daphe taka puchA jAtA thaa| yadi 1-mAi pU. 59 /

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licchivi Adi gnnraajy| usapara vicAra karake sava sahamata hote the, to vaha pAsa hojAtA thA, kintu virodhake honepara voTa lekara nirNaya kiyA jAtA thaa| anupasthita sadasyakA voTa bhI ginA jAtA thaa| ina daravAroMkI kAravAI cAra-cAra sadasya (rAmA) aMkita karate jAte the| inameM nAyaka athavA cIpha majisTreTa hote the, jo rAjyasattA sampanna kuloMdvArA cune jAte the| inhIM ke dvArA darabAra meM nizcita hue prastAvoMko kAryarUpameM pariNata kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM mukhya rAnA (sabhApati), uparAjA, bhaNDArI, senApati Adi bhI the / inakA nyAyAlaya bhI vilakula mAdarza DhaMgakA thA; nahAM dRSakA dUdha aura pAnIkA pAnI karaneke liye kucha uThA na rakkhA jAtA thaa| vRddhi saMghameM sarva pramukha licchivikSatrI the| yaha vaziSTa gotrake licchivikSatriyoMkA ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatrI the| inakA licchivi sAmAnya pricy| nAma kahAMse aura kaise kisa kAla meM par3A, isake jAnane ke liye vizvAsa yogya sAdhana prApta nahIM haiM kiMta itanA spaSTa hai ki nisasamaya bhagavAna mahAvIra isa saMsArameM vidyamAna the aura dharmakA pracAra kara rahe the, usa samaya ve eka uccavaMzIya kSatrI mAne jAte the| anyAnya kSatrI unase vivAhasambandha karane meM apanA : ___ car3A gaurava samajhate the / bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA bhI inhIM ki gaNa rAjya arthAta 'vanirAnasaMgha' meM sammilita the| licchivi eka parizramI, parAkramI.aura. samRddhizAlI.jAti hone ke sAtha hI sAtha dhArmika ruci aura bhAvako rakhanevAlI thii| - yaha.loga bar3e dayAlu aura paropakArI the| inakI zarIra. Akati bhI suDaula aura sundara -1-bhama0 pR57-63 / / - --

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32] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| . thii| yaha loga alagara raMgake kapar3e aura sundara bahumUlya AbhUSaNa pahinate the| unakI ghor3egAr3iyAM sonekI thiiN| hAthIkI ambArI sonekI thIM aura pAlakI bhI sonekI thiiN| isase unake vizeSa samRddhizAlI aura pUrNa sukha sampanna hone kA patA calatA hai| kintu aisI ucca aihika avasthA hote huye bhI ve vilAsitApriya nahIM the| unameM vyabhicAra chUtA bhI nahIM gayA thaa| unheM svAdhInatA bar3I priya thii| kisI prakArakI bhI parAdhInatA svIkAra karanA, unake liye sahana kArya nahIM thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra unake sAthI aura nAgarika hI the, jinhoMne prANI mAtrakI snAdhInatAkA ucca ghoSa kiyA thA / bhalA jaba unake madhyase eka mahAn yugapradhAna aura anupama tIrthaGkarakA janma huA thA, taba unake divya cAritra aura addhata unnatike viSayameM kucha adhika kahanA vyartha hai / hiMsA, jhUTha. corI Adi pApoMkA unameM nizAna nahIM thaa| ve lalitakalA aura zilpako khUba apanAte the| unake mahala aura devamaMdira apUrva zilpakAryake do do aura tIna tIna maMnilake bane huye the| ve takSazilAke vizvavidyAlayameM vidyAdhyayana karaneke liye jAte the| yadyapi licchavi logoMmeM yakSAdikI pUnA pahalese pracalita licchavi kSatrI thI; parantu jainadharma aura bauddha dharmakI gati bhI. jainadharmake parama unake madhya kama na thii| jainadharmakA astitva upAsaka the| unake madhya bhagavAna mahAvIrake bahuta pahalese / thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA rAnA siddhArtha aura unake mAmA rAjA 1-bhama pR0.57-63 / 2-para ramezacaMdra dattakA "bhArata vaMzakI sabhya vAkA itihAsa"-bhama. pR065kSatrI phlainna0, pR0 82 va phaidii0 pR0157|.

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licchivi Adi gnnraajy| [33. ceTaka bhainadharmAnuyAyI the aura bhagavAna mahAvIrase pahale huye tIrthadUroMkI upAsanA karate the, inake atirikta aura loga bhI nainI the: kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma pracAra karanepara unameM jainadharmako. pradhAnatA prApta huI thii| bar3era rAnakarmacArI bhI jainadharmAnuyAyI the| vanjiyana saMghake pramukha rAjA ceTakake atirikta senApati siMha, licchivi abhayakumAra aura Ananda Adi prasiddha vyakti jainadharmake paramAkta the / senApati siMha saMbhavataH rAjA ceTakake putroMmeMse eka the| yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake ananya upAsaka the| bauddha dharmakI apekSA janadharmakI pradhAnatA licchaviyoM meM adhika thii| licchivi rAjadhAnI vaizAlImeM jainadharmake anuyAyI eka vizAla saMsthA the / ma gautamabuddhake vahAM kaIvAra apane dharmamA pracAra karanepara bhI jainoMkI saMkhyA adhika rahI thI; yaha bAta bauddhoMke 'mahAvagga' nAmaka graMthameM senApati siMhake kathAnakase vidita hai| vajana saMghakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI, usa samaya eka bar3A prasiddha aura vaibhavazAlI nagara thaa| kahate vaizAlI athavA haiM ki vaha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA arthAt vishaalaa| (1) vaizAlI, (2) vaNiyagrAma aura (3) kuNDagrAma | kuNDagrAma bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janmasthAna thA aura usameM jJAtrika kSatriyoMkI mukhyatA thii| vaizAlIkI vizAlatAke - 1-bhamabu0 pR0 231-236 / 2-bhabha0, pR. 65 va vIra, bhA0 4 pR0 276. zvetAmbara AnAyake granthoM meM spaSTataH bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma sambandha paizAlIse prakaTa kiyA huA milatA hai| jaise sutrakRtAGga (1, 2, 3, 22), uttarAdhyayana sUtra ( 67) gha bhagavatI sUtra ( 21 1262) meM bhagavAnakA ullekha vaizAlIya yA vaizAlika rUpameM huA hai;

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34] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kAraNa hI usakA nAmakaraNa 'vizAlA' huA thaa| cInI yAtrI hyantusAMga vaizAlIko 20 mIlakI lambAI-caur3AImeM basA batalA gayA thaa| usane usake tIna koToM aura bhAgoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vaha sAre vRjji dezako 5000 lI (karIba 1600 mIla) kI paridhime meM phailA batalAyA hai aura kahatA hai ki yaha deza bar3A sarasana thaa| Ama, kele Adi mevoMke vRkSoMse bharapUra thaa| manuSya ImAnadAra, zubha kAryoMke premI, vidyA ke pArikhI aura vizvAsameM kabhI kaTTara aura kabhI udAra the| vartamAna ke mujaphpharapura jilekA vasAda grAma hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai| uparAntake jainagraMthoM meM vizAlA athavA vaizAlI ko siMdhu dezameM jisase bhagavAnakA vaizAlIke nAgarika honA prakaTa hai| abhayadevane magavatIsUtrakI TIkAmeM :vizAlA' ko mahAvIra jananI likhA hai| digambara sampradAyake granthoMmeM yadyapi aisA koI prakaTa ullekha nahIM hai, jisase bhagavAnakA sambandha zAlIse prakaTa hosake; paraMtu unameM jina sthAnoMke jaise kuNDagrAma, kulagrAma, canaSaNDa Adike nAma Ae haiM, ve saba vazAloke nikaTa hI milate hai / vanaSaNDa zvetAmbaroM kA 'duipalAza ujjAna' athavA 'nAyapaNDavana ujjAna' yA 'nAyapaNDa' hai| kulagrAmase bhAva apane kumke grAmake hosakte haiM athavA koblAgake hoMge, jisameM nAthavaMzI kSatrI adhika the aura jisake pAsa hI vanapaNDa udyAna thA, jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIrane dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| ata: digambara sampradAyake ullekhoMse bhagavAnakA janmasthAna kuNDagrAma vaizAlIke nikaTa pramANita hotA hai aura cUMki rAjA siddhArtha ( bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA) vaizAlIke rAjaghameM zAmila the, jaise ki hama pragaTa kareMge, tava vaizAlIko unakA janmasthAna kahanA atyukti nahIM rkhtaa| kuNDa pAma vaizAlIkA eka bhAga athavA saniveza hI thaa| - 1-kSatrI"klainsa0 pR. 41 va 54.

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / [35 avandhita batalAyA hai; kintu yaha bhrAmaka ullekha kavi kAlidAsake "zrI vizAlamavizAlam" vAzyake kAraNa huA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki kAlidAsanIne yaha vAkya unI ke liye vyavahRta kiyA thA aura vaha avazya hI siMdhu-nada-vartI pradezameM avasthita thii| jaina kaviyoMne apane samayameM bahuprasiddha isa vizAlA (ujjainI) ko hI mahArAja ceTakakI rAjadhAnI mAnakara use miMdhu dezameM likha diyA hai| vaise vaha videha dezake nikaTa hI thI: se ki Ana usake dhvaMsAvazeSa vahAM mila rahe haiN| . vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka the, yaha bAta jaina zAstra prakaTa karate rAjA ceTaka aura hai / isake artha yahI hai ki vaha vaji pranA. unakA privaar| taMtra rAjya ke pramukha rAjA the| yaha ilAkuvaMzI va ziSTagotrI kSatrI the| uttarapurANameM (pR0 649) inako somavaMzI likhA hai, jo ikSvAkvaMzakA eka bheda hai| inakI rAnIkA nAma bhadrA thA, jo apane pati ke sarvathA upayukta thii| rAjA ceTaka bar3e parAkramI, vIra yoddhA aura vinayo tathA agratadevake anuyAyI the| 1-zreca. pR0 155, 30 pu. pR. 634, ityaadi| -mavamati ke mAlatImAdhava nAmaka nATakameM gnI pAyama sindhunadI aura usake kinAre avasthita nagavAkA ullekha hai| jana kavi dhanagAlane isa pradezake TogoM kA ullekha 'saMdhara' nAmase kiyA hai arthAta siMdhudezake vAsI / ataeva urageta sindhu nadIkI apekSA hI yaha pradeza "minyu deza ke nAmase ulikhita huA pratIta hotA hai| pazcimIya siMdhu pradeza isase alaga thaa| cUMki ujanI, jisakA ulTenTa kavi kAlidAsa 'nepana meM vizAla rUpameM karate hai, uparokta nidhunIka samIra thI, vaha jaina lekhakoM dvArA siMthupradezameM batAI jAne lgii|

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36 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bahu rAjanItimeM kitane nipuNa the aura unakI pratiSThA AsapAsa ke rAjyoM meM kitanI thI, yaha isI bAta se aMdAjI nAsaktI hai ki vaha bajjiyana prajAtaMtra rAjya ke pramukha rAjA cune gaye the / parAkrama aura vIratA meM bhI vaha bar3e car3he the| usa samaya ke balavAna rAjA zreNika bimbasAra se saMgrAma ThAnane meM vaha pIche nahIM haTe the aura gAMdhAra dezake satyaka nAmaka rAjAse bhI unakI raNAMgaNa meM bheMTa huI thI aura vaha vijayI hokara choTe the / isI taraha vaha dhArmika niSTAmeM bhI sudRr3ha the| jinendra bhagavAnakI pUjA-arcA karanA vaha raNakSetra meM bhI nahIM bhUlate the / rAjA ceTaka ke daza putra the, jo (1) ghana, (2) dattabhadra, (3) upendra, (4) sudatta, (5) siMhabhadra, (6) sukuMbhoja, (7) sakaMpana, (8) supataMga, (9) prabhaMjana aura (10) prabhAsa ke nAma se prasiddha the / ina daza bhAiyoMkI sAta bahineM thiiN| inameM sabameM bar3I trizalA priyakAriNI bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA thIM / avazeSa mRgAvatI, suprabhA, prabhAvatI, celinI, jyeSThA aura caMdanA nAmaka thIM / mRgAvatIkA vivAha vatsadeza ke kauzAmbInagara ke svAmI caMdrarAjA zatAnIka aura vaMzI rAjA zatAnIka ke sAtha huA thA / vatsarAja udayan / inake putra vatsarAja udayan uma samaya ke rAjAoM meM vizeSa prasiddha the | ujjainIke rAjA caMDapradyotanUkI rAjakumArIse inhoMne bar3I hoziyArI se vivAha kara pAyA thA / vatsarAjakI isa premakathAko lekara 'svapna vAsavadatta' nATaka nAdi graMtha bace gae haiM / zatAnIka parama jainadharma bhakta the| jisa samaya bhagavAna I 1 - u0 pu0, 10 634-635 / 2-u0 pu0 pR0 635 /

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licchivi Adi gnnraajy| [37 mahAvIra dharmapracAra karate huye kauzAmbI pahuMce the, usa samaya isa rAmAne unakA dharmopadeza acche bhAvoM aura bar3e dhyAnase sunA thA ! bhagavAnakI vandanA aura upAsanA bar3I vinayase kI thii| aura antameM vaha bhagavAna ke saMgha samilita hogayA thaa| para pahale mRgAvatIkI bahina candanAke yahAM jo kauzAmbImeM eka seThake yahAM putrIke rupo rahI thI. bhagavAnakA AhAra haA thaa| kauzAmbI prAcIna bAlase jainoM kA mukhya kendra rahA hai aura mAna bhI usakI mAnyatA bhanoMke nikaTa vizeSa hai| yahaoNpara prAcIna jana kIrtiyAM vizeSa milatI haiN| kaniMghama sAhabane vatsarAna udayanako yahAM I0 pUrva 570 se 540 taka rAjya karate likhA hai / vaha 'videhaputra' apanI mAtAkI apekSA kahalAte the| rAjA ceTakakI tIsarI kanyA muprabhA dazANa (dazAsana) dezameM rAjA dazaratha aura herakacchapura (kamaiThapura) ke svAmI sUryavaMzI rAjA parama samyakI dazarathase rivAdI gaI thii| yaha dazArNa deza rAjA udayan / maMdasorake nikaTa prAcIna matsadezake dakSiNama anumAna kiyA gayA hai / yaha rAnA bhI jaina thaa| cauthI putrI prabhAvatI kacchadezake suraka nagarake rAnA udayanakI paTTarAnI huI thii| yaha rAjA udayana apane samyaktabake liye jainazAstroMmeM bahuta prasiddha haiM / kinhIM zAstroMmeM inakI rAjadhAnIkA nAma vItazokA likhA hubhA milatA hai| zve. mAmnAyakI 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' sambandhI kathAoMmeM inheM pahale vaidika dharma bhukta batalAyA hai| - 1-30 pu0 pR0 636 va mama0 pR. 108 / 2-30 pu0 pR. 136 / 3-emikSa dA0 pR. 72 / 4-30 pu0 pR0 636 /

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38] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / uparAnta vaha jainadharmake dRr3ha ahAnI huye the aura digaMbara munike veSameM sarvatra vicare the / zvetAmbara kathAkAra unakI rAjadhAnI vItabhaya nagarIko siMdhusauvIra dezameM batalAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki vaha 16 dezoMpara rAjya karate the, jinameM vItabhayAdi 363 mukhya nagara the| saMbhavataH kaccha deza bhI isameM saMmilita thaa| isI kAraNa unakI rAjadhAnI kaccha dezameM avasthita bhI batAI gaI hai| ukta kathAmeM prabhAvatI ke saMsargase rAjA udayanako jainadharmAsakta hote likhA hai| rAjAne rAjya prAsAdameM eka suMdara maMdira banavAyA thA aura usameM gozIrSacandanakI sundara mUrti virAjamAna kI thii| kahate haiM ki eka gAMdhAra dezavAsI jaina vyApArIkI kapAse maMtra pAkara usa mUrtikI pUjA karake eka dAsI putrI svarNa dehakI huI thii| usane ujjainIke rAjA candrapradyotanase jAkara vivAha kara liyaa| aura usa gozIrSa candanakI mUrtiko bhI vaha apane sAtha legii| udAyanne pradyotanase lar3AI ThAna dI aura use giraphtAra kara liyA; kintu mArgameM paryuSaNa parvake avasarapara use mukta kara diyA thaa| pradyotanane usa samaya zrAvaka ke vrata grahaNa kiye aura vaha ujjanI vAyasa calA gayA thaa| udAyan bhagavAnakI mUrti lekara vItabhaya nagarako pahuMca ge| yaha nagara samudra taTapara thA aura yahAMse khUba vyApAra anya dezoMse huA karatA thA / ukta zvetAmbara kathAkA ninna aMza kalpita pratIta hotA hai| saMbhava hai ki vatsarAja udAyanakA jo yuddha 'pradyotanase huA thA, usIko lakSyakara yaha aMza raca diyA gayA ho| magAr3I isa kathAma hai ki udAryanakI bhAvanA thI ki bhagavAna

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licchivi Adi gnnraajy| [39 mahAvIrajIkA zubhAgamana vItazokA nagarImeM honAve / kadAcita samAgama hI aisA lagA ki bhagavAnakA samozaraNa vahAMke 'mRgavana' nAmaka udyAnameM bhAkara virAjamAna humA / udAyanne bar3I bhaktise bhagavAnakI vaMdanA kI aura anta meM vaha apane bhAnaje vezIko rAjya sauMpakara nagna zramaNa hogye| digambara jainazAstroMmeM. yaha rAjA apane 'nirvicikitsA aMga' kA pAlana karane ke liye prasiddha haiN| yaha bar3e dAnI aura vicArazIla rAjA the| sArI prajAkA unapara bahuta prema thaa| digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra unane apane putrako rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThAyA thA aura svayaM vIra bhagavAnake samozaraNameM jAkara muni hogae the| antameM ghAtiyA karmAkA nAzakara vaha mokSa lakSmIke vallabha bane the| rAnI prabhAvatI minadIkSA grahaNa karake samAdhimaraNa prApta karake brahmasvargame deva huI thii| rAmA ceTakakI avazeSa tIna kanyAyoMmeMse celanIkA vivAha .. magadhadezake rAjA zreNika vimbasArase humA celinI aura jyesstthaa| 'thA, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai / celanokI bahina jyeSTAkA bhI prema magadhanareza para thAH kiMtu usakA manoratha siddha nahIM ho sakA thaa| gAMdhAra dezastha mahIpurake rAnA sAtyakane usake sAtha vivAha karanA cAhA thA; kiMtu rAjA ceTakane yaha sambaMdha svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA aura use raNakSetrameM parAsta karake bhagA diyA thaa| sAtyaka jaina saMghameM jAkara digambara jaina muni hogayA thA aura kAlAMtarameM jyeSThAne bhI apanI mAmI yazasvatI - 1-hiTe0 pR0 18-116 / 2-Aka0, bhA0 1 pR. 88 / 3-u0 pu0, pR. 636 /

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40] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / AryikAse jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| kadAcita sAtyaka munikA prema jyeSThAse haTA nahIM thA aura haThAta eka divasa unhoMne apane zIlarUpI ratnako jyeSThAke saMsargase kho diyA thaa| isa dukriyAmA unheM bar3A pazcAtApa huA thA aura prAyazcitta lekara vaha phirase muni hogaye the / jyeSThA garbhavatI huI thI, so usako dayA karake celanIne apane yahAM ssA thaa| putra prasava karake vaha bhI prAyazcita lekara punaH AryikA ho gaI thI aura apane satapApake liye bora tapazcaraNa karane lagI thii| inakA putra dvAdazAkakA pAThI rudra nAmaka muni huA thaa| caMdanA ina saba bahinoMmeM choTI thI aura usakA vivAha .. nahIM huA thaa| vaha mAnanma kumArI rahI thii| satI cNdnaa| "' vaha sarvaguNa sampanna parama sundarI thiiN| eka dina jaba vaha rAjyodhAnameM vAyusevana kara rahI thIM, usa samaya eka vidyAdhara unheM uThAkara vimAnameM le udd'aa| kiMtu apanI strIke bhayake kAraNa vaha unako apane ghara nahIM le gayA, balki mArgameM hI eka canameM chor3a gayA / zobhAtura candanAko usa samaya eka bhIlane le jAkara apane rAjAke supurda kara diyaa| isa duSTa bhIlane candanA bahuta trAsa diye; kintu vaha satI apane dharmase calita na huii| haThAt usane eka vyApArIke hAtha unako beca diyA jisane bhI nirAza hokara kauzAmbI meM unheM kucha rupaye lekara vRSabhasena nAmaka dhanika seThake havAle kara diyaa| dayAlu seThane caMdanAko bar3e premase gharameM rahane diyaa| caMdanA 1-A60, bhA0 2 pR0 16 /

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licchivi Adi gnnraajy| [41 seThAnIke gRhakAryameM pUrI sahAyatA detI thI; kiMtu usake apUrva R.pa lAvaNyane seThAnIke hRdayameM DAha utpanna kara diyA aura vaha candanAko manamAne kaSTa dene lgii| udhara candanAke bhI kaSToM kA canta AgayA / bhagavAna mahAvIrakA zubhAgamana kauzAmbImeM huA / dukhiyA candanAne unako AhAradAna denekI himmata kI / patitapAvana pramUkA mAhAra candanAke yahAM hogyaa| loga bar3e AzcaryameM par3a gaye / candanAkA nAma cAroM ora prasiddha hogayA / kauzAmbI narezakI paTTarAnIne jaba yaha samAcAra sune to vaha apanI choTI cAhinako bar3e bhAdara aura premase rAjamahala meM le gaI; kintu vaha vahAM adhika dina na Thahara skii| bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya evaM pavitra cAritrakA prabhAva usake hRdayapara aMkita hogyaa| vairAgyakI maTUTa dhArAmeM vaha gote lagAne lagI aura zIghra hI vIranAthake pAsa pahuMcakara Tanane jinadIkSA le lii| mAryikA caMdanA khUpa hI duddhara tapa tapatI thIM aura unakA jJAna bhI bar3A car3hA thaa| usa samaya unake samAna anya koI sAdhvI nahIM thI / AtmajJAnakA pAvana prakAza vaha cahuMora phailAne lgiiN| phalataH zIghra hI unako bhagavAnake AryikAsaMghameM pramukhapada prApta hogayA thaa| vaha 36000 vidupI sAdhvIyoMke cAritrakI dekhabhAla aura unako jJAnavAna banAne meM saMlagna rahatIM thiiN| isamakAra svayaM apanA AtmakalyANa - karate huye evaM anyoMko sanmArga para lagAte haye, vaha Ayuke aMtameM svargasukhakI adhikArI 1-30 pu0, pR. 637-640

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42] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / rAjA ceTakakA yaha pAravArika paricaya bar3e mhtvkaa| uparAntameM licchivi isase pragaTa hotA hai ki usasamayake prAyaH ___ vNsh| mukhya rAjyoMse unakA samparka vizeSa thaa| jainadharmakA vistAra bhI usasamaya khUba horahA thaa| licchivi pranAtaMtra rAjya bhI unakI pramukhatAmeM khUba unnati kara rahA thaa| kintu unakI yaha unnati magadha nareza ajAtazatruko asahya huI thI aura usane inapara AkramaNa kiyA thA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| kinhIM vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki abhayakumAra, jisakA sambandha licchiviyoMse thA, usase Darakara anAtazatrune vaizAlIse yuddha cher3a diyA thA; kiMtu jaina zAstroM ke anusAra yaha saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki abhayakumArake munidIkSA le leneke pazcAt ajAtazatruko magadhakA rAjasiMhAsana milA thaa| ataH abhayakumArase use DAneke liye koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM thaa| ____ yaha saMbhava hai ki manAtazatruke bauddhadharmakI ora AkarSita hokara apane pitA zreNika mahArAnako kaSTa deneke kAraNa, licchiviyoMne kucha ruSTatA dhAraNa kI ho aura usIse caukannA hokara ajAtazatrune unako apane AdhIna kara lenA ucita samajhA ho| kucha bhI ho, isa yuddhake sAtha hI licchiviyoMkI svAdhInatA jAtI rahI thI aura ve magadha sAmrAjyake AdhIna rahe the| samrAT candragupta mauryake samayameM bhI vaha prajAtaMtrAtmaka rUpameM rAjya kara rahe the; nisakA anukaraNa karanekI salAha kauTilyane dI thii| kintu jo svataMtratA unako candraguptake rAjyameM prApta thI, vaha azokake samaya -kSatrI lainsa0, pR. 13 -

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licchivi Adi gnnraajy| [43 nahIM rahI aura unane azokakI AdhInatA svIkAra kara lI thii| guptakAla taka inake astitvakA patA calatA hai| vajiyana prajAtaMtra ke uparAnta dUsarA sthAna zAkyavaMzI kSatrizAkya aura mala kSatri. yoka prajAtaMtrako prApta thaa| unakI rAjadhAnI yoMke gaNarAjya / kapilavastu thI, jo vartamAnake gorakhapura jilemeM sthita hai / nRpa zuddhodana usa samaya isa rAjyake pramukha the| ma0 gautamabuddhakA janma inhaki gRhameM huA thaa| zAkyoMkI bhI sattA usa samaya acchI thI; kintu uparAnta kuNika ajAtazatruke samayameM viTThadAma dvArA unakA sarva nAza huA thaa| zAkyoM ne bAda malla gaNarAjya prasiddha thA, jisameM mallavaMzI kSatriyoMkI pradhAnatA thii| bauddha granthoMse yaha rAjya do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta pragaTa hotA hai / kusInArA jisa bhAgakI rAjadhAnI thI, usase ma0 buddhakA saMbaMdha vizeSa rahA thaa| dUsare bhAgakI rAjadhAnI pAvA thI / usasamaya rAjA hastipAla isa rAjyake pramukha the / bhagavAna mahAvIra jisa samaya yahAM pahuMce the, taba isa rAjAne unakI khUba vinaya aura bhakti kI thii| bhagavAnane nirvANa-lAbha bhI yahIse kiyA thaa| usa samaya anya rAjAoMke sAtha yahAMke nau rAjAoMne dIpotsava manAyA thaa| jainadharmakI mAnyatA ina logoMmeM vizeSa rahI thii| zAkya prajAtaMtra bhI jainadharmake saMsargase machUtA nahIM bacA thaa| aisA mAlama hotA hai ki rAjA zuddhodanakI zraddhA prAcIna jainadharmameM thii| licchiviyoMkI taraha malloMko bhI majAtazatrune apane AdhIna kara kiyA thaa| 1-pUrva, pR0 136 / 2-adi i0 pR. 37-38 / 3-kSatrIklainsa pR0 163 va 175 / 4-mamabu0 pR. 37 /

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MARm 44] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| videha dezavAsI kSatriyoMkA gaNarAjya bhI usa samaya ulle. khanIya thA / yaha licchiviyoM ke sAtha vRji-prajAtaMtra rAjyasaMgha sammilita the, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| digambara jainazAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI janmanagarIko videha dezameM sthita batalAyA hai|' aura zvetAmbarI zAstra mahAvIrajIko videhakA nivAsI athavA videhake rAjakumAra likhate haiN| ina ullekhoMse bhI videha gaNarAjyakA vRji-rAna-saMghameM sammilita honA siddha hai| yadi videhakA samparka isa rAnasaMghase na hotA to vaizAlIke nikaTa sthita kuNDagrAmako videha dezameM na likhA jaataa| mastu; videhameM jainadharmako gati vizeSa thI / bhagavAna mahAvIrane tIsa varSa isI dezameM bitAye the| videhakI rAjadhAnI mithilA vaizAlIse uttara pazcimakI bhora 35 mIla thI aura vaha vyApArake liye bahu prakhyAta thii| - inake atirikta rAyagAmakA kolyigaNarAjya, sunsamAra parvatakA bhagga rAjasaMgha, malakappakA buli prajAtaMtra rAjya, pippalivanakA morIyagaNarAjya Adi anya kaI choTe moTe prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjya ye; ninakA kucha vizeSa hAla mAlama nahIM hotA hai| - - - - 1-u0 pu0, pR0 605 / 2-Js. I, 256. 3-bhatrI klainsa, pR0 146 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | [ 45 jJAvika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra I0 pUrva0 620 I0 pUrva 545 / licchiviyoMke sAtha vajji pradezake prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjasaMghameM jJAtrika vaMzI kSatrI bhI sammilita the / ina jJAtrika kSatrI | kSatriyoM ko 'nAya' athavA 'nAtha' vaMzI bhI kahate haiM / " digambara jaina zAstroMmeM inakA 'harivaMzI ' rUpameM bhI ullekhahuA hai / manune malla, bhala, licchivi, karaNa, khasa va drAvir3a kSatriyoM ke sAtha nATa athavA nAta (jJAtrika) kSatriyoMko vrAtya likhA hai | ( manu0 sa0 10/22 ) yaha isI kAraNa hai ki ina logoM meM jainadharmakI pradhAnatA thI / vrAtya athavA vratin nAmase jainiyoM kA ullekha paDale huA milatA hai| (bha0 pA0 prastAvanA, 4032) bhArata dhArmika itihAsa meM nAtha athavA jJAtrika kSatriyoM kA nAma amara haiM / inakA mahatva isa se prakaTa hai ki yahI vaha mahatvazAlI jAti. hai jisane bhAratako eka bar3e bhArI sudhAraka aura mahApuruSako samarpita kiyA thA / mahApuruSa jainiyoMke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra the| Adhunika sAhityAnveSaNase pragaTa huA hai ki jJAtrika kSatri-zAtrika kSatriyoMkA yoMkA nivAsasthAna mukhyataH vaizAlI (basAr3ha), nivAsasthAna / kuNDagrAma aura vaNiya grAmameM thA / kuNDagrAmase uttara-pUrvIya dizAmeM sanniveza kollAga thA / kahate haiM ki yahAM jJAtrika athavA nAthavaMzI kSatrI sabase adhika saMkhyA meM rahate the| vaizAlI ke bAhira pApta hI meM kuNDagrAma sthita thA; jo saMbha 1 - khakSadAe 30, pR0 115 - 116 / 2 - vRjeza0, pR0 7 3-u0 60, 2-2 phuTanoTa / 4- uda0 214 phuTa0 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| dataH bhAjakalakA 'vasukuNDa' gAMva hai| koI 2 vihAna kolDAgako ho bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janmasthAna batalAte hai kintu yaha bAta digambara aura zvetAMcara-donoM jaina saMpradAyoMkI mAnyatAke viruddha hai| zvetAmbara granthoMse patA calatA hai ki kollAgake nikaTa eka caityamaMdira thA, nisako 'duipalAza', 'duipalAza unnAna' athavA 'nAyaSaNDavana' kahate the| isa udyAnameM eka bagIcA thA: nitameM eka bhavya maMdira banA huA thaa| digambara jaina zAstroM meM 'vanapaNDa' meM athavA nAyapaNDa yA jJAtRkhaMDa vanameM jAkara bhagavAnako dIkSA dete likhA hai| yaha vanapaNDa uparokta nAyapaNDavana hI hai| kyoMki vaha bhagavAnake janmasthAnake nikaTa thA aura vahAMse uThakara bhagavAna kulapura athavA kulagrAmameM prathama pAraNAke liye gaye the| yaha kulapura kollAga hI pratIta hotA hai, jo nAyapaNDavana viskula samIpa aura nAthavaMzI kSatriyoM ke pUrNa adhikArameM thaa| kolAgakA apara nAma nAyakula' bhI milatA hai| isa dazA meM kollAnakA kulapura athavA kulagrAma honA caahiye| digambaranAyake granthoM meM kulagrAmakA rAmA kulanupa likhA hai| kalapara kolAga hai arthAt rAnA aura nagarakA nAma eka hI hai / aura jJAtrika kSatrI isase bhI kollAgakA kulapura yA kulagrAma hone vajiyana prajAtaMtrameM aura vahAMke nivAsI nAyavaMzo kSatriyoM kA sammilita the| vaji-prajAtaMtra-saMghameM samiSTa hone kA paricaya milatA hai| kuzakA vyavahAra usasamaya sAdhAraNataH vaMzako lakSya * 1-kaihii. pR0 157 / 2-uda0 2 / 4, phasU. 115 va mAsa. . 2||5-2233-u0 pu. pR0609|4-360 66. 5-u0pu0 106.1 / -

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jJAnika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [47 karake hotA thaa| kintu 'kula' zabdase bhAva kevala itanA hI nahIM thA ki usa vaMzake pramukha vyaktikA adhikAra mAtra usa kulake logoMpara hI rahe pratyuta usakI mukhyatA aura adhikAra usa kulake mAdhipatyameM rahe, samasta dezapara vyApta hotA thaa| kollAgake nAtha kulavAle kSatrI avazya hI vRni prajAtaMtra rAjyameM sammilita the / isIliye unake pramukha netA, unakI orase usa saMghameM pratinivitvakA adhikAra rakhate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA ullekha 'kulanRpa' rUpameM huA hai| yaha nAma kula apekSA hI hai-vyakti gata nAma yaha nahIM hai| isa ullekhase yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki rAnA siddhArthavA vizeSa samparka kollAgase na hokara kuNDagrAmase thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vahAMkA netA koI anya vyakti pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAtavaMzI athavA nAthakunake kSatriyoMke nivAsasthAnakI spaSTatA aura unamA vRji-prajAtaMtra meM zAmila honA pragaTa hai| prajAtaMtra rAnasaMghameM ina kSatrI kuloM ke mukhiyAyoMkI komila mukhya kAryakartI thii| ina sadasyoM kA nAmollekha 'ganA rUpameM hotA thA, yaha bAta kauTilya arthazAstrase spaSTa hai| jJAtRvaMzI kSatrI mukhyataH janoMka 23 veM tIrthakara bhagavAna zAMtrika kSatriyoMkA pArzvanAthanIke dharmazAsanake bhakta the| uparAnta dhama / jaba bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA dharmapracAra hogayA thA, taba ve niyamAnusAra vIra saMghake upAsaka hogaye the| jainadharma 1-kAra. 1918, pR0 112-134 / 2-arthazAstra, zAmAzAstrI, pR. 455 / 3-haoN0 0 31 uda0 26 / -

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48 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bhukta hone ke kAraNa yaha loga bar3e dharmAtmA aura puNyazAlI the| ve pApakarmose dUra rahate the aura pApase bhayabhIta the / ve hiMsAjanaka bure kAma nahIM karate the| kisI prANIko kaSTa nahIM dete the / aura mAMsa bhojana bhI nahIM karate the| unakI aihika dazA bhI khUba samRddhizAlI thI aura unakA prabhAva tathA mahatva bhI vizeSa thaa| unakA sambandha unake pramukha dvArA usa samayake karIbara saba hI pratiSThita rAjyoMse thA / jainiyoMke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma bhI isa vaMzameM huA thA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA nRpa siddhArtha the / yaha rAjA sarvArtha rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI zrImatIke dharmAtmA, nyAyI aura ____ aura jJAnavAna vI-putra the| inako zreyAMsa aura rAnI trishlaa| jasaMza bhI kahate the| yaha kAzyapagotrI ikSvAka athavA nAtha yA jJAtavaMzI kSatrI the| inakA vivAha vaizAlI ke licchivi kSatriyoM ke pramukha netA rAjA ceTakakI putrI priyakAriNI athavA trizalAse huA thaa| trizalAko videhadattA bhI kahate the| yaha parama viduSI mahilAratna thiiN| zvetAmbara zAstroM meM nRpa siddhArthako kevala kSatriya siddhArtha likhA hai / isakAraNa katipaya vihAna unheM sAdhAraNa saradAra samajhate haiM, kiMtu digambarAmAyake graMthoM meM unheM spaSTataH rAjA likhA hai| rAjA ceTakke samAna prasiddha rAjavaMzase unakA sambaMdha honA, unakI pratiSThA aura AdarakA vizeSa pramANa hai| vaha nAthavaMzake mukuTamaNi the| aisA . 1-Js. KLV. 416. 2-AsU0 1115515. Js. XXII. 193. 3-u0 pu0 pR. 605 / 4-Js. XXII. 193.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [49 mAlUma hotA hai ki unake AdhIna unake kulake anya rAjA the; jaise ki eka kulanRpakA ullekha Upara hocukA hai| mena zAstra kahate haiM ki rAjA siddhArthane mAtmamati aura vikramake dvArA artha-prayojanako siddha kara liyA thaa| ve vidyAmeM pAragAmI aura usake ananya prasAraka the| sacamuca 'Apane (vidyA. oke) phalase samasta lokako saMyojita karanevAle usa nirmala rAnAko pAkara rAjavidyAeM prakAzita hone lagI thiiN| phalataH yaha prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajI eka buddhimAna, dharmajJa, parizramI aura prabhAvazAlI ganAke putra the| ganA siddhArthakA mukhya nivAptasthAna kuNDagrAma athavA kuNDapura thaa| vaha kollAgase bhinna aura vaizAlIke sanniTa kuNDalAma / thA. yaha pahale batAyA jAcaka hai| vauddha grantha 'mahAga' ke ullekhase bhI kuNDagrAmameM nAtha athavA jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoM kA honA prakaTa hai| vahAM likhA hai ki eka mastavA ma0 gautama buddha koligrAmameM Thahare the, jahAM nAthika loga rahate the| buddha nita bhavana meM Thahare the upakA nAga nAthika-iTikA bhavana' (ninnakAvapratha) thA / koTigrAmase vaha vaizAlI gaye the| sara ramezacaMdra datta isa koTiyAmako kuNDagrAma hI batalAte haiM aura likhate haiM ki " yaha koTigrAma vahI hai jo ki jainiyoM kA kuNDagrAma hai aura bauddha graMthoM meM jina nAtikoM kA varNana hai, ve hI jJAtrika kSatrI the|" yaha koTiyAma athavA kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA samIpavartI nagara / 1-mahAvagga 330-31 (SBE.XVII) pR0 108|2-bhm0 pR0 681

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50] / saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thA, isaliye bar3A vaibhavazAlI thii| jainazAstroM meM isakI zobhAkA apUrva varNana milatA hai | phira jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma honeko hubhA thA, usa samaya to, vaha kahate haiM, ki svayaM kuverane mAkara isa nagarakA aisA divyarUpa banA diyA thA ki use dekhakara malakApurI bhI lajjita hotI thii| bhagavAna ke janma parvata vahAM svarmA aura sloMkI varSA huI vatalAI gaI hai| rAnA siddhArthakA rAjamahala sAta maMjilakA thA aura use 'sunaMdAvata' prAsAda kahate the| svargalokake puSpottara vimAnase cayakara vahAMka devakA jIva bhAvAna mahAvI. ApAr3ha zuklA SaSTIke uttarAphAlguNI nakSatrameM kA janma aura rAnI trizalAke garbhamaiM mAyA \ / usasamaya vAlyajIvana / unako 16 zubha svapna dRSTi par3e the aura devoMne Akara mAnanda utsava manAyA thaa| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra matyeka tIrthakarake garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura mokSa avasarapara devarANa mAkara mAnandotsava manAte haiM / yaha utsava bhagavAna ke 'paMcakalyANa' utsava kahalAte haiN| yogya samayapara caitra zuklA yodazIko, jaba candramA uttarAphAlguNI para thA, rAnI trizalAdevIne jinendra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA praptava kiyA thaa| usa samaya samasta lokameM alpakAlake liye eka Ananda lahara daur3a gaI thii| bhagavAnakA lAlana-pAlana bar3e lAr3a-pyAra aura hoziyArIse hotA thaa| zaizavAlase hI ve bar3e parAkramI the| - - 1-kaihii0 pR0 157 / 2-30 pu0 pR. 605 / 3-30 pu. "50 604 / * zvetAmbarameM 14 svapna batAe hai| 4-30 pu. 10 605 va Js. L. 266.

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nAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [51 eka daphe unane eka matta hAthIko dekhate hI dekhate vaza kara liyA thA aura dUsarI bAra jaba ve rAjyodyAnameM bAla sahacaroM sameta khela rahe the, taba unane eka vikarAla sarpako bAtakI bAtameM kola diyA thaa| vaha mahApuruSa the| unhoMne apane pUrvabhavoMmeM itanA viziSTa puNya saMcaya kara liyA thA ki unake janmase hI aneka asAdhAraNa lakSaNa aura guNa vidyamAna the / ve janmase hI mati, ati aura bhavadhijJAnase vibhUSita the| isaliye unakA jJAna bhanAyApta bar3A car3hA thaa| rAjamahala meM ve kAvya, purANa mAdi granthoMcA khUna paThana pAThana karate the| isa choTI umarase hI unakA svamAda tyAgavRttiko liye huye thaa| jaba vaha ATha apake the, taba unane zrAvakoMke vratoMko grahaNa kara liyA thaa| ahiMsA, satya, zIla, pacaurya aura parigraha pramANa niyamoM kA vaha samucita pAlana karate | maMjayavinaya nAmaka cAraNa muni unake darzana pAkara sanmaniko prApta huye the !x -bhama0 e0 69-82 / matAMgharoke arvAcIna graMthoM meM likhA hai ki gendra nAmamA eka vyAkaraNa graMtha banAyA thA, kintu yaha ThIka pranIta nahIM hotA / (mana di0 bhA0 14 pR0 345) / ____mA buddhake gamakAlIna mataprAMtako eka saMjaya athavA saMjayaH mAdhopana nAmaka bhI thA / bauda kahate hai ki inake ziSya maudalayana mora mArIputra the jo bauddha hogaye the| ana zAmoM meM mahilAyanako pahale jaina muni likhA hai| ata: saMjaya vAyoputra kA bhI jana honA susaMgata hai| ga samAnate hai, saMjaya cAraNa muni aura yaha eka hI vyakti the / vidopake liye dekho 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 budra' pR0 22-23 /

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52 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | rAjA siddhArthane mahAn putrake janmake upalakSa meM bar3A AnaMda bhagavAna mahAvIrake manAyA thA / kuNDagrAmakI usa samaya khuda nAma / abhivRddhi huI thI / isaliye unhoMne bhagadAnakA nAma 'varddhamAna' rakkhA thA / vaise sAdhAraNataH vaha jJAtR khatriya rUpameM prakhyAt the / unheM "mahAvIra" "vIra" "yativIra" "sanmati" aura " nAthakulanandana " bhI kahate the / dakSiNa bhAra1 take eka kanar3I bhASA ke grantha meM bhagavAnakA eka anya nAma "vasudhaivAndhava" likhA hai / hindUzAstroM meM unakA nAmollekha 'mat mahiman yA mahAmAnya' rUpameM huA hai | zvetAmbaroMka 'upAsana dazAstra' meM unako 'mahAmAhane' athavA 'nAyamuni' likhA hai / yaha nAma unakI sAdhu avasthAke pratIta hote haiM / 3 miseja sTIvensama kahatI haiM ki ve jJAtaputra, nAgaputra, zAsananAyaka aura buddha nAmoM se bhI paricita hai / yaha nAma vizeSaNa rUpa meM haiM aura isa taraha ke vizeSaNa jainazAstroM meM 1008 catalAye - gaye haiM' / ' vaizAliya ' ve isa kAraNa kahalAte the ki unakA sambandha vaizAlI se vizeSa thA / kintu vauddhoM ke pAlI sAhitya meM unakA ullekha 'nigantha nAthaputta' ke nAmase huA hai / vaha nAthavaMzake rAjarSi the, isaliye bauddhoMne unheM isa nAmase sambodhita kiyA hai / jainazAstroM meM bhI unakA ullekha isa rUpameM humA milatA hai / " 1 O 1-sakSyadrAe 307 / 2-lAbha0 pR0 6 / 3- jega0, bhA0 24 pR0 32 / 4-0 0 0 96-99 / 5-uda0 7 / 6-ud0 49 / 7-haoNje0, pR0 27 / 8 - jina sahasranAma stotra dekho| S-Js. II, 261. 10 - bhamavu0 pR0 188-270 vaJs. II. Intro. 11Js. Pt. II. Intro. mahAvIra carita pR0, va u0 pu0 pR0 605...... |

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [56 nigrantha (nigantha) ke bhAva 'bandhanoMse mukta ke haiM, yaha bAta bauddha zAstroMse bhI prakaTa hai| usa samaya jainoMkA ullekha 'nirgrantha' nAmase hotA thA; jaile 'nigrantha' jainI hai| hai ki ve uparAntameM 'AIta' nAmase prakhyAta ' huye the| kinhIM logoMkA vizvAsa hai ki jaina tIrthaMkaroMkI zikSA usa samaya lipibaddha nahIM thI, isaliye unako loga 'nindha' kahate the; kintu jaina zAstroMmeM nirgranthakA artha 'graMthiyoMse rahita' kiyA gayA hai aura isa zabdakA prayoga prAyaH jaina muniyoMke liye hI huA hai; yadyapi bauddha zAstroMmeM vaha gRhastha aura muni sabake liye samAna rUpameM vyavahRta huA milatA hai| vauddhoMke 'cullaniddesa' meM nigrantha zrAvakoMkA devatA nigrantha likhA hai / yahA~para nigrantha zabda di0 jaina munike liye prayukta huA hai; kintu 'mahAvaga' ke sIha nAmaka kathAnaka aura 'majjhimanikAya ke 'saJcaka niganyaputta' ke AkhyAnameM 'nirgrantha ' zabda jaina gRhastha ke liye vyavahRta huA hai / ataeva usa samaya janasaMgha mAtra 'nigrantha ' nAmase paricita thaa| isa kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jJAtRputra bhI nirgrantha ' kahe gaye haiN| bauddha kahate haiMki mahAvIranI sarva vidyAoM ke pAragAmI the, isa kAraNa 'nigandha' kahalAte the| 1-DhAyolaoNgsa oNpha dI buddha, mA0 2 pR. 74-75 / 2-vIra, bhA0 5 pR. 239-240 / 3-mUlA0 30 / 4-mamabu0 pR0 235 / " 5-nigaLa sAvakAnAm nigaDho devatA pR. 173 / 6-mahA0 pR0 116 // -mani0 bhA0 1 pR. 225 / 8-mavu0 pR0 302 /

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54] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| bhagavAna mahAvIra gRhastha dazAmeM tIsa varSakI avasthA taka bhagavAna mahAvI rahe the| usa samaya zIladharmake pracArakI vizeSa bAlana hyAcArI the| AvazyaktA jAnakara unhoMne vivAha karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| kaliMgadezake rAjA jitazatru apanI yazodarA nAmakI kanyA unako bheMTa karane ke lie kuNDapura lAye bhI the; kiMtu gagavAna apane nizcayameM dRr3ha rahe the| vaha bAlabrahmacArI the| kintu zvetAmbarAmAyakI mAnyatA isake viruddha hai / vaha kahate haiM ki bhagavAnane yazodarAse vivAha kara liyA thA aura isa sambaMdhase unake priyadarzanA nAmakI eka putrI huI thii| priyadarzanAkA vivAha jamAli nAmaka kisI rAjakumArase huA thA jo uparAMta vIra saMvameM saMmilita ho muni hogayA thA aura jisane mahAvIrasvAmI ke viparIta asaphala vidroha bhI kiyA thaa| vivAha Adi viSayaka yaha vyAkhyA zvetAMbaroMke prAcIna grantha 'mAcArAGgasUtra' aura 'kalpasUtra' meM nahIM milatI hai aura isakI sAdRzyatA bauddhoMke ma0 buddhake jIvanase bahuta kucha hai| aisI dazAmeM usasamayameM zIladharmakI AvazyaktAko dekhate hue bhagavAnakA bAlabrahmacArI honA hI ucita jaMcatA hai| , 1 bhamabu. pR0 42-44 // 2-zvetAmbara zAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yazodAke sAtha vivAha karanA aura unake putrI honA saMbhavataH siddhAntabhedako spaSTa karaneke liye likhA gayA hai; kyoMki digambara jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAnakI puNyaprakRtikI vizeSatAke kAraNa unake putrIkA janma honA asambhava hai| RSabhadevajIke kAladoSase do putriyAM huI thiiN| isI siddhAntabhedako spaSTa karaneke liye zvetAmbaroMne zAyada bhagavAnakA vivAha va putrI honA lisa. diyA hai; varana koI kAraNa nahIM ki yadi bhagavAnakA vivAha huA hotA -

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [55 W brahmacarya avasthAmeM rAjasukhakA upabhoga karake bhagavAna mahAbhagavAna mahAvIrakA vIrane gRhatyAga kiyA thaa| isasamaya inakI gRhtyaag| avasthA karIba tIsa varSakI thii| unhoMne sasamayake rAjonmatta rAjakumAroM aura AjIvikoM evaM brAhmaNa RSiyoM jaise sAdhuoMko mAno pUrNa brahmacaryakA mahatva hRdayaMgama to digambarAnAyake zAstra usakA ullekha na karate java ve anya tIrthakaroMkA vivAha huA likhate haiN| cauddha granthoM meM bhI bhagavAnakI putrI AdikA kucha ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM bhagavAnakI jIvanIkA citraNa bahuta kucha ma0 buddhake jIvanacaritrake DhaMgapara huA hai| aisA vidita hotA hai ki pAlI piTakoMko sAmane rakhakara zve0 prathokI racanA I. kI 6 ThI za0 meM huI hai| isakA sapramANa varNana hama agAr3I kreNge| yahAM itanA vatalA denA paryApta hai ki pAzcAtya vidvAn bhI isa bAtako svIkAra karate haiM ki zvetAmbaroMne mahAvIrajIkA jIvana vRtAnta ma0 buddhake jIvanacaritrake anusAra aura usIke AdhArase likhA hai| (inDiyana sekR oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 45) 'lalitavistara' aura 'nidAnakathA' nAmaka baudragranthoMmeM jaisA caritra gautama buddhakA diyA huA hai; usase ivetAmbaroM dvArA varNita bha0 mahAvIrake caritrameM kaI bAtoM meM sAdRzyatA hai| ( kehii0, pR0 156 ) udAharaNa ke taurapara dekhiye, yaha sAdRdaya janmase hI prArambha hojAtA hai| 'ma0 buddhake viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki unako mAlUma thA, vaha svargasa caya hokarake amuka rItise janma dhAraNa kreNge| bha0 mahAvIrake sambandhameM bhI zvetAmbara grantha yahI kahate haiM ki unako apane AgamanakA jJAna tIna prakArase thA / yuvAvasthAko lIjiye to jaise bauddha kahate haiM ki buddhakA vivAha yazodA nAmaka rAjakanyAse huA thA, vaise hI zvetAmbara bhI batalAte hai ki mahAvIrajIkA vivAha yazodarA nAmaka rAjakumArIse huA thaa| vetAmbara zAstra kahate hai ki bhagavAnake mAtA pitAne unako dIkSA grahaNa karanese rokA thA; budake sambandhameM yahI kahA jAtA hai| svetAmbaroMkA mata hai ki bhagavA

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56] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / karAne ke liye tabataka brahmacArI rahakara kaThina indriyanigraha aura parISaha jaya karaneke mArgameM paga bar3hAnekA nizcaya kara liyA thaa| apane pitAke rAjakAryameM sahAyatA dete hue aura gRhasthakI raMgaraliyoMmeM rahate hue bhI bhagavAna saMyamakA vizeSa rItise abhyAsa kara rahe the| unake hRdayapara vairAgyakA gADhA raMga pahalese hI car3hA humA thA / sahasA eka roja unako AtmajJAna prakaTa huA aura vaha uThakara 'vanaSaNDa' nAmaka udyAnameM pahuMca ge| mAtA-pitA Adine unako bahuta kucha rokanA cAhA; kintu vaha una sabako mIThI vANIse prasanna kara vidA le Aye ! mArgazIrSa zuklAkI dazamIko vaha apanI 'candramamA' nAmaka pAlakhImeM sArUr3ha ho nAyakhaMDa nakI gRhasthadazAmeM hI unake mAtA pitAkA svargavAsa hogayA thA aura unake jyeSTha bhrAtA nandivardhana rAjyAdhikArI hue the| bauddha granthoMne bhI ma. buddhako mAtAkA janmate hI paralokavAsI honA likhA hai tathA unameM unake bhAI nanda batAye gaye haiN| ( sAmsa0 pR0 126 ) ma0 buddha "sambodhi' prApta kara Teneke pazcAt bhI kavalAhAra karate the| ( mahAvagga SBE pR0 82) bhagavAna mahAdIrake vipayameM bhI zvetAmbara zAstra yahI kahate haiN| ma0 buddhake jIvanameM unake bhikSu saMghameM matameda khar3A huA thA (mahAvagga 8); vetAmbara bhI kahate hai ki bhagavAnake jamAI jamAlIne unake viruddha eka asaphala AvAz2a uThAI thii| cauddha kahate haiM ki parinivAnake samaya bhI ma0 buddhane upadeza diyA thaa| aura unake zarIrAntapara licchivi, maLa Adi rAjA Aye the (Benl's Life of Buddha, 101-131) zvetAmbara bhI kahate hai ki bhagavAna sahAvIrane pAvAmeM pahuMcakara nirvANa samayameM kucha pahale taka upadeza diyA thA aura unake nirvANapara licchivi, malla Adi rAjagaNa Aye the| 'buddhako mRtyu uparAnta unakA saMgha vaizAlI meM ekatrita huA thA aura usane piTaka graMthoMko vyavasthita kiyA thaa| isake bAda azokake samaya meM

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- - - jJA trika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [57 smathavA vanakhaMDa udyAnameM pahuMcakara uttarAbhimukha ho azokavRkSa ke nIce ratnamaI zilApara virAjamAna hogae the| unhoMne saba vastrAbhUSaNa isasamaya tyAga diye the aura siddhoMko namaskAra karake paMcamuSTi koca jiyA thaa| isaprakAra nirgrantha zramaNa ho vaha dhyAnamagna hogae aura unako zIghra hI sAta labdhiyAM evaM manaHparyaya jJAnakI prApti huI thii| zvetAmbara AmnAyake zAstroMmeM likhA hai ki bhagavAna dIkSA bhagavAna mahAvIrakI samaya nagna huye the / indrane dIkSA samayase digAvara dokssaa| eka varSa aura eka mahInA uparAnta 'devadRSya vastra dhAraNa karAyA thaa| isake pazcAt ve nagna hogaye the| bhI vaha ekatrita huA thaa| isItaraha zvetAmbara kahate hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake uparAnta janasaMgha pATalIputra meM ekatrita huA thaa| aura usane siddhAntako muvyavasthita kiyA thaa| phira bAlabhImeM bhI vaha ekatra huA thaa| mArAMzataH bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvana sambandhameM jo ghaTanAeM kevala zvetAmbara pranyoMmeM likhI huI hai| unakA sAdRTya ma0 cunake jIvanase gvaba hai aura zve. mAgama granthoM kA saMkalana bhI prAyaH bauddhoke piTaka anyoM ke samAna milatA hai| ataH yaha jaMcatA hai ki unane bauddhoMke AdhArase ukta jIvana ghaTanAeM likhI hai| isa avasthAmeM unapara vizvAsa karanA z2arA kaThina hai| 1-jainazAkho jJAna pAMca prakArakA basalAyA hai:-(1) mati, (2) zruta, (3) avadhi, (1) manaHparyaya, (5) kevaTajJAna / matijJAna saMsArake dRzya padArthokA jJAna hai, jo indriyoM va manadvArA jAnA jAsaktA hai| matijJAnane sAthara zAkhoMke svAdhyAya aura adhyayanase prApta padArthoke jJAnako zrutajJAna kahate haiN| una saba bAtoMkA jJAna no varta rahI ho vinA vahAM jAehI caiThe baiThe jAna leneko avadhi kahate haiN| dUsaroMke manobhAvako jAna lenA manaHparyaya hai aura jagatake bhUta bhaviSya vartamAnake samasta padArthIko yugapat jAna lenA kevalajJAna hai / 2-Js. I. P. 79.

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AWAR 58] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 'devadRSya vastra' se kyA bhAva hai, yaha zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM nahIM batalAyA gayA hai / vaha kahate haiM ki devadRSya vastra pahine huye bhI bhagavAna nagna dikhate the| isakA sApha artha yahI hai ki ve nagna the / eka niSpakSa vyakti unake kathanase isake atirikta aura koI matalaba nikAla hI nahIM saktA hai | phalataH zvetAmbarIya zAstroMmeM bhI bhagavAnakA nagna digambara muni honA pragaTa hai| acelaka mathavA nagna dazAko unake 'AcArAMga sUtra meM sarvotkaSTa bhavasthA batalAI / acelakase bhAva yathAnAta nagna svarUpake atirikta yahA~para aura kucha nahIM hosate; yaha bAta bauddha zAstroka kathanase spaSTa hai| bauddha zAstroMmeM jaina muniyoM athavA niggandha zramaNoMko sarvatraH nagna sAdhu likhA hai aura yaha sAdhu kevala bhagavAna mahAvIrake tIrthake hI nahIM hai, pratyuta unase pahale bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIke tIrthake bhI haiM / ataeva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha evaM anya tIrthakaroMkA pUrNa nagna dazAko sAdhu avasthAmeM dhAraNa karanA pramANita hai| zvetAmbarIya bhAcArAMga sUtra meM bhI zAyada isI mapekSA likhA hai ki. 'tIrthaGkaroM ne bhI isa nagna vezako dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isase pratyakSa pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke atirikta avazeSa tIrthakaroMne 1-kasU0 sTIvensana, pR0 85 phuTanoTa / 2-J8. Pt. I. pp. 55-56. 3-dIni0 pATikamutta; vIra varSa 4 pR0 353 / 4-bhamabu0 pR. 60-61 aura 249-255, jaise divyAvadAna pR0 185, jAtakamAlA (S. B. B. Vol. I.) pR. 145, mahAvagga 8, 15, 3,1, 30, 16, DAyolaoNgsa oNpha dI budra bhA0 3 pR0 14. ityAdi / 5-bhamabu0 pR0 236-240 / 6-J. S.I. pp. 57-58. -

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 59: 3 bhI isa digambara dIkSAko grahaNa kiyA thaa| bauddhAcArya buddhaghoSa acelaka zabda ke artha nagna hI karate haiM / jaina muniyoM kA ullekha svayaM jaina granthoM evaM bauddhoMke pAlI aura cInI bhASAoMke granthoMmeM bhI acelaka rUpase huA milatA hai / hinduoM ke prAcIna se prAcIna zAstroMmeM bhI jaina muniyoMko 'nagna' 'vivasana' Adi likhA hai / acelaka arthAt nagna dazA hI kalyANakArI hai aura yahI mokSa prApta karAne kA sanAtana liMga hai, yaha bAta jainamata meM prAcInakAlase svIkRta hai / ataeva jaina muniyoMke yathAjAta digambara veSameM zaMkA karanA vRthA hai / vAstavameM sAMsArika baMdhanoMse mukti usI hAlata meM milasaktI hai, jaba manuSya vAhya padArthoMse raMcamAtra bhI sambandha athavA saMsarga nahIM rakhatA hai / isI kAraNa eka jaina muniko apanI icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM para sarvathA vijayI honA paramAvazyaka. hotA hai / isa vijaya meM use sarvopari 'lajjA' ko parAsta karanA par3atA hai / yaha prAkRta susaMgata hai| saMyamI puruSako asalI hAlataapane prAkRta svarUpameM pahuMcanA hai / ataeva yaha yathAjAta rUpa usake liye paramAvazyaka hai / usa vyaktikI nispRhatA aura iMdriyanigrahakA pratyakSa pramANa hai / nagnadazAmeM vaha sAMsArika saMsargase chUTa jAtA hai| kapar3oM kI jhaMjhaTase chUTanepara manuSya aneka jhaMjhaToMse chUTa 1-kacelako 'ti niccelo naggo-pApaJca sUdana, Siamese Ed. II, p. 67. 2 - bhamabu0 pR0 255 - dIni pATika sutta / 3-vIra, bhA0 4 pR0 353 | 4-RRgveda 10 - 135; varAhamihira saMhitA 19-61 va 45-50 mahAbhArata 3 / 26-279 viSNupurANa 3318; bhAgavata 4130 vedAntasUtra 2/2/33-36 dazakumAracarita 1 ityAdi /

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60] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kara pUrNa svataMtra hojAtA hai| jainoMke nikaTa vizepa Avazyaka no jala hai, so ima bheSameM kapar3oMke na hone ke kAraNa usakI bhI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| vastutaH hamArI bugaI bhalAIkI jAnakArI hI hamAre mukta hone meM bAdhaka hai / muktilAbha bharaneke lie hameM yaha bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki hama nagna haiN| jaina sAdhu isa bAtako bhUla gaye haiN| isIliye unako kapar3oM kI AvazyaktA nahIM hai| vaha paramoSTa aura upAdeya dazAko pahuMca cuke haiN| isa digambara bheSako kevala janoMne hI nahIM pratyuta hinduoM IsAiyoM aura musalamAnoMne bhI mAdhupanakA eka cinha mAnA hai| sArAMzataH yaha pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane gRha tyAga karake isI digaMbara bheSako dhAraNa kiyA thA / zvetAmbara jaina AcArya antataH kahate haiM ki " una (bhagavAna mahAvIra ) ke tIna nAma isaprakAra jJAta hai ki unake mAtA-pitAne unakA nAma varddhamAna rakhA thA, kyoMki ve rAgadvepase rahita the; ve 'zramaNa' isaliye kahe jAte the ki unhoMne bhayAnaka upasarga aura kaThina kaTa sahana kiye the, uttama nagna avasthAkA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura sAMsArika duHkhoMko sahana kiyA thA aura pUjyanIya 'zramaNa mahAvIra', ve devoM dvArA kahe gaye the| dIkSA grahaNa kara lene ke uparAnta bhagavAna mahAvIrane DhAI bhagavAnakA prathama dinakA upavApta kiyA aura usake pUrNa honepara. paarnnaa| jaba vaha muni avasthAme sarva prathama AhAra grahaNa karane ke liye nikale to kulanagarake kulanRpane unako -mamabu0 pR0 59-60 / 2-Js, T. P. 193.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [11. par3agAhakara bhaktipUrvaka AhAradAna diyA thA / rAmA aura nagarakA eka hI nAma, gaNarAjya kA dyotaka hai aura yaha Upara kahA hI jA. cukA hai ki yaha kulapura nAthavaMzI kSatriyoMkI vizeSa vastI 'kollaga hI thI aura kulanRpa vahAMke kSatriyoM ke pramukha netA the / bhagavAnakA pAraNA unhIM ke yahAM huA thA / kulapurase bhagavAna dazarathapurako gaye the / vahAM bhI isI kulanRpane jAkara bhagavAnako dudha aura cAMvalakA mAhAra diyA thA / isaprakAra parama pAtrako mAhAradAna dekara isa rAnAne viziSTa puNya saMcaya kiyA thaa| usake yahAM devoMne ratnavRSTi Adi paMcazcarya kiye the| isake uparAnta bhagavAna mahAvIra vanako vApasa cale gye| manAka kA aura dhyAnamagna hogaye the| phira vahAMse ve upsg| anyatra vihAra kara gaye the| kitane hI sthA. noMmeM vicarate huye ve ujjayanI pahuMce the| abhI ve alpajJa the aura isa kAraNa maunase rahate huye, kevala AtmasvarUpameM lIna rahate the| ujjayanI pahuMcakara vaha ' atimuktaka' nAmaka smazAnabhUmimeM rAtrike samaya pratimAyoga dhAraNa karake, dhyAnalIna khar3e the / usa samaya bhava nAmaka rudrane unapara aneka prakAra ke upamarga kiye the; kintu vaha una 'vibhava' arthAta saMsAra rahitako jIta na sakA thaa| antameM usane una ninanAthako namaskAra kiyA aura unakA nAma ativIra rakkhA thaa| 1-3 pu. 60-612 / 2-bhama0 pR. 98 / 3-3 pu0 6.2-613 /

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M 62 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM isake atirikta bhagavAnapara anya bahu ... tase upasarga hone kA varNana milatA hai; kintu anya upsrg| ' unameM aitihAsika tatva bahuta kama hone aura unameM mAtra bhagavAnake kaThora tapazcaraNa aura mahAna sahanazIlatAko pragaTa karane kA mUla uddezya rahane ke kAraNa unako yahAMpara likhanA anAvazyaka hai| sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvana kA mahatva unakI isa kaSTasahiSNutAmeM nahIM hai, pratyuta usa Atmabala aura deha viraktimeM hai, jahAMse isa guNakA aura isake sAtha 2 aura bhI kaI guNoMkA udgama huA thA / ekavAra apane anupama saundaryase vizvako vimohita karanevAlI aneka sundara salonI devaramaNiyAM mahAvIrajI ke pAsa Akara rAsa racane lagI aura nAnAprakArake hAvabhAva, kaTAkSa aura mohaka aMga vizeSase ve apanI beli-kAmanA pragaTa karane lagI, ki jise dekhakara kisI sAdhAraNa yuvA tapasvIkA skhalita honAnA bahuta sambhava thA; kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrapara isa kAmasainyakA bhI kucha asara na humA / mahAvIra majeya the / phalataH deva. ramaNiyAM apanAtA mu~ha lekara calI gii| yaha ghaTanA unake mAtmabala aura iMdriya nigrahakI pUrNatAkI dyotaka hai| . zvetAmbaroMke ' bhagavatIsUtra' meM kathana hai ki gRha tyAgakara makkhali gauzAlA __dUsare varSa java bhagavAn chadmastha dazAmeM rAjagRhake nikaTa nAlandA nAmaka gAMvameM virAjamAna the; taba makkhaliputra gozAla nAmaka eka bhikSu bhI bhagavAnake bhatizayako aura rAjagRhake zreSThI vinaya dvArA unakA vizeSa bhAdara hotA 1-cabhama0 pR0 154-155 / 6-bhagavatI 15-uda0 Appendir.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [63 dekhakara unakA ziSya honeko tatpara thaa| kintu isa samaya bhagavAnane usako apanA ziSya nahIM bnaayaa| nAlandAse bhagavAn kollAga pahuMca gaye, jahAM brAhmaNa bAhulane unako mAhAra diyA thaa| gozAla bhagavAnako DhUMr3hatA huA vahAM ThIka usI samaya pahuMcA jara bahutase loga bAhunake ukta AhAradAnakI prazaMsA kara rahe the| yahAMpara gozAlakI prArthanAko mahAvIranIne svIkAra kara liyA likhA haiarthAta unhoMne gozAlako apanA ziSya banA liyaa| phira gozAla aura mahAvIrajI donoM jane sAtha sAtha chai varSa taka paNiyabhUmimeM rhe| "bhagavatIsUtra' kA yaha kathana zvetAmbaroMke dUsare grantha 'kalpasUtra' (122 ) se ThIka nahIM baitthtaa| vahAM bhagavAnako paNiyabhUmimeM kevala eka varSa hI vyatIta kiyA likhA hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki bhagavAna jaba svayaM chamastha the taba unhoMne gozAlako apanA ziSya banAyA ho| unake bhAcArAGgasUtrameM spaSTa likhA hai ki bhagavAna chaprastha dazAmeM bolate nahIM the-maunakA abhyAsa karate the| ataeva 'bhagavatI' kA uparokta kathana svayaM unake hI graMthase bAdhita hai evaM anya vidvAn bhI anya prakAra isI niSkarSapara pahuMce haiM ki makkhaligozAla bhagavAna mahAvIrakA ziSya nahIM thaa|' uparAnta 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM batalAyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra gozAla jaba siddhasthagAmase kumbhagAmako jArahe the, to mArgameM eka phala phUlI latA vizeSako dekhakara gozAlane jijJAsA kI ki 'latAkA nAza hogA yA nahIM aura phira usake bIna kahAM prakaTa -AsU0 J3. I P. 80-8/. 2-AjI pR0 118, higlI. pR0 26 va Js. II Iatro. -

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64] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa hoNge| mahAvIrajIne uttarameM kahA ki 'latAkA nAza hogA, kiMtu usake bIjoMse phira usakI utpatti hogii|' gozAlane isapara vizvAsa nahIM kiyaa| usane lauTakara latAko naukara pheMka diyaa| honIke sira isI samaya pAnI bhI carasa gayA, jisase usakI jar3a harI hogaI aura usameM bIja laga aaye| jaba gozAla aura mahAvIrajI vahAMse phira nikale to gozAlane mahAvIrajIko unake kathanakI yAda dilAI aura kahA ki latA naSTa nahIM huI hai / mahAvIrajIne latApara tastaka no hAlata gujarI thI, vaha jyoMkI tyoM saba bAta batA dii| isa ghaTanAse gozAlane yaha vizvAta kara liyA ki kevala vRkSalatA hI naSTa honepara phira usI zarIrameM jIvita hote hoM, kevala yahI bAta nahIM hai; calika pratyeka jIvita prANI isI prakAra punaH mRtazarIrameM jIvita (Reanimate) hosaktA hai ! bhagavAna mahAvIra gozAlakI isa mAnyatAse sahamata nahIM huye / iptapara gozAlane apanI rAstA lI aura tapazcaraNakA abhyAsa karake usane maMtravAdameM kucha yogyatA pAlI / phalataH vaha apaneko 'jina' ghoSita karane lagA aura zrAvastI meM jAkara mAnIvika saMpradAyakA netA bana gayA / isI samaya apanI saMpradAyake siddhAMtoMko usane nizcita kiyA thA; jinako usane 'pUnA ke 'mahAnimitta' nAmaka eka bhAgase liyA thaa| __bhagavAnane usake jinatvako svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / gozAlane jaina saMpradAyako kaSTa pahuMcAneke bahu . prayatna kiye the aura mantataH usakI mRtyu burI taraha zrAvastImeM eka kumbhArake ghara huI thii| 1-oNjI pR04|| -

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VAAR jJAtrika kSatrI..aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [65 'zvetAmbarAcArya ne isa kathAne gozAlako khUba hInAcArI , pragaTa karanekA prayatna kiyA hai jisameM vaha siddhAnta virodhako bhI bhUla gaye haiM / ataH unake kathanameM aitihAsika tatva prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara hai| jaba chamastha dazAmeM gozAlakA bhagavAnakA ziSya honA hI bAdhita hai, taba zeSa :kathAko mahatva denA jarA kaThina hai| digambara jaina saMpradAyake zAstra 'bhagavatI ke uparokta gAvara mAlameM kathanase sahamata nahIM haiN| unameM likhA hai 'gozAlakA ullekha / ki makkhalogozAla bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIkI ziSyaparaMparAke eka muni the; parantu jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrake mamavazaraNameM unakI niyukti gaNadharapada para nahIM huI, to vaha ruSTa hora zrAvastImeM bhAkara AjIvika saMpradAyake netA bana gae the| aura apaneko tIrthakara pratiyopita karake yaha upadeza dene lage the ki jJAnase mokSa nahIM hotA; ajJAnase hI mokSa hotA hai / deva yA Izvara koI hI nhiiN| isalie svecchApUrvaka zUnyakA dhyAna hI karanA caahiye| * devasenAcAryake ( 10vIM zatAbdI) 'darzanasAra' aura 'bhAvaanyazrotoMse digamdara saMgraha ' nAmaka granthoMmeM yaha varNana vizeSa zAstroMkA samarthana, rItise hai / zrI nemicandrAcAryake 'gomaTTagozAla pArzvanAthakI sAra' meM bhI gozAlakI gaNanA ajJAnamatameM paraparAkA ziSya / kI gaI hai| yahI bAta zvetAmbaroMke 'sutrakRtAMga' graMthameM likhI huI hai| bauddhoMke samakSa phalamUtta meM bhI gozAlakI isa ajJAnamatarUpa mAnyatAkA ullekha milatA hai| vahAM gozAlako yaha mata pragaTa karate hue likhA hai ki 'ajJAnI aura jJAnI 11-bhamavu0 pR0 20 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga 21 // 345 /

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66] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / saMsArameM bhramaNa karate huye samAna rItine duHkhakA anta karate haiN|' (saMghAvitvA saMsaritvA duHkhasmAntam karimanti), pAtaMjaline mI mapane pAganisUtrake bhAyameM gozAlake sambaMdha meM kucha aisA hI siddhAMta nirdiSTa kiyA hai| usane likhA hai ki vaha 'mahari devala vAsakI char3I hAthameM lene ke kAraNa nahIM kahalAtA thA; pratyuta imaliye ki vaha kahatA thA-"dharma mata karo, karma mana karo, kevala zAMti hI vAMDanIya hai|" ( mA kuna karmANi, mA chana dharmANi ityaadi)| ____ ataeva digambara jainAcArya ne mazkhaligozAlako jo ajJAna matakA pracAraka likhA hai, vaha Thoka pratIta hotA hai| aura anya zrotoMse yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki vaha vidhikI resako maniTa mAnatA thaa| kahatA thA ki jo bAta honI hai, yaha avazya hogI; aura usameM pApa-puNya kucha nahIM hai / isa avasyA meM usake niTa IzvarakA astitva na honA svAbhAvika hai| isa prakAra di. zAloM uparokta cyana ThIka jaMcatA hai / aura yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki makkhali gozAla bhagavAna pArzvanAyanoke tIryakA eka muni thA aura vahazrutI hote huye bhI jA use zrI vIra bhagavAnake mamavazaraNa meM pramukha sthAna na milA, to vaha unase saTa hokara svataMtra rItise majJAnamatakA pracAra karane lgaa| hiMntu devasenAcArya nIne makkhali gozAlakA nAmollekha 'maska. makkhaligozAla aura ripUraNa rUpameM kiyA hai| saMbhava hai. isase pUraNa kslp| pUraNa usakA bhAva gozAlase na samajhA jAya aura jaina muni thA | uparokta kathanako asaMgata mAnA jAya kiMtu 1-dIni bhaa02053-54||2-aajii0 pR. 123-bhAvasaMgrahagA* 17 //

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [67 vAstavameM bAta yaha hai ki makkhali gozAlakA nAmollekha 'makkhali gozAla' ke atirikta 'maMkhaliputra gozAla' aura 'maskari' rUpameM bhI humA milatA hai| devasenAcAryane maskari rUpameM unhIMkA ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne maskarikI zikSAyeM batalAI haiM unA sAmaMjasya makkhali gozAkakI zikSAoMse baiTha jAnA, isa bAtakI paryApta sAkSI hai ki unakA bhAva makkhali gozAlase hI hai| puraNase devasenAcAyakA abhiprAya usa samayake eka anya prakhyAta sAdhuse hai| baDa loga-(1) puraNa karamapa, (2) mazkhali gozAla, (3) ajita kesakambalI, (4) pakuDhakaccAyana, (5) saMnaya vairatthI putra aura (6) niganTha nAthaputtakI gaNanA usa samayakI prakhyAta RSiyoM meM karate haiN| niganTa nAthaputta arthAta bhagavAna mahAvIra ke atirikta avazepakI ma0 vuddhane tIvra mAlocanA bhI kI hai| ___ yaha saba hI RSigaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrase vayameM adhika aura unase pahaleke the| nipa pugNakA ullekha devasenAcAryane kiyA hai, vaha pUgNa kasapa hI pratIta hotA hai| isakA sambaMdha gozAlase vizeSa thA, isa kAraNa ina donoM kA ullekha sAtha sAtha kiyA jAnA susaMgata hai| cauhoMke 'aMguttara nikAya' meM pUraNako gozAlakA ziSya pragaTa karane jaisA ullekha hai tathA gozAlake chai abhinAti siddhAMtako pUraNakA batalAyA gayA hai| yahAM galatI honA azakya hai, balki isa siddhAMta mizraNase unakA pArasparika dhaniSTa sambaMdha hI pragaTa hotA hai, jise DaoN. jala cArapenTiyara sA0 bhI svIkAra karate haiM / 1-dIni0 bhA02 pR0 150|2-higlii0 pR0 27-28 // 3-higlI. pR. 25-26 / 4-aMgu0 bhA* 3 pR. 383 / 5-ai0 bhA0 43 //

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / donoM hI sAdhu puNya-pApako bhI nahIM mAnate the| ataH gozAla aura pUraNakA eka hI matake anuyAyI honA siddha hai aura bahuta karake vaha guru ziSyavata the / isa dazAmeM jainAcAryane una donoMkA nAmollekha eka sAtha prakaTa karake, yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki unakA sambaMdha avazya eka hI matase thA; nisako AnIvika kahate the| kucha vidvAn gozAlako AjIvika matakA netA aura pUraNako acelaka matakA mukhiyA samajhate haiM; kiMtu yaha yathArthatAke viparIta hai / vAstavameM usa samaya acelaka nAmakA koI svataMtra saMpradAya 'acelA nidhokA nahIM thaa| aMguttara nikAyameM usa samaya ke dyotaka hai / taba isa prakhyAta matoMkI jo sucI dI hai, usameM nAmakA koI alaga acelaka nAmakA koI saMpradAya nahIM hai| sampradAya nahIM thaa| mAlUma to aisA hotA hai ki acelaka zabda usa samaya zramaNa zabdakI taraha nagna sAdhuoMke liye vyavahana hotA thA aura mukhyataH usakA prayoga jaina saMpradAya aura usake sAdhuoMke liye hotA thA / nigraMtha zrAvakakA putra saccA acelaka logoMkI jina kriyAyoMkA ullekha karatA hai, vaha ThIka jaina muniyoMkI kriyAyoMke samAna hai / isake atirikta aura bhI kaI sthaloMpara bauddhoMne 'acelaka' zabdakA prayoga jainoMke liye kiyA hai| ataeva AnI. . 4-Js. II. Intro. XXVIII ff. 2-bhamabu0 0 208 / 3-vIra bhA0 3 0 319-321 va bhA0 4 pR. 353 | 4-cInI tripiTakameM bhI 'acelaka kA vyavahAra jainoMke liye huA hai (vIra 4 / 353), dIni0 u0 pR. 13 va AjI0 135 /

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jJAnika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [69 'vika saMpradAyake samAna macelakako bhI eka saMpadAya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai aura na vaha AnIvikoMkA hI apara nAma thA / kinhIM vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI anumAna hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIbhagavAna mahAvIrapara ranIne apane dharma nirmANameM bahutasI bAtoMcI nauzAlakA prabhAva sahAyatA mAnIvika saMpradAyase lI thii| nahIM par3A thaa| khAsakara vaha kahate haiM ki nagnatAko bhagavAna mahAvIrane gozAlase grahaNa kiyA thA; kiMtu unake isa kathanameM bahuta kama tathya hai / jisa samaya zvetAMbaroM ke anusAra gozAla mahAvIrajIko milA thA, usa samaya vaha savastra thaa| bhagavAna ke sAtha rahakara usane vastroMkA tyAga kiyA thA aura taba usako bhagavAnane apanA ziSya banAyA thA, yaha pragaTa hai| atha ca yaha bhI jJAta hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne sAdhu dIkSA grahaNa karaneke samayase hI nagnabheSa dhAraNa kiyA thA jaise ki Upara likhA nAcukA hai / ataeva yaha bilkula asaMbhava hai ki gozAla dvArA prabhAvita hokara mahAvIrajIne nagnamepa dhAraNa, kiyA ho| isI prakAra. AjIvikaki katipaya siddhAMtoM kI sahazatA bha0 mahAvIrake siddhAMtoMse hotI dekhakara, yaha kahanA ki mahAvIrajIne apane siddhAMta gaThanameM gozAlase sahAyatA lI, kucha mahatva nahIM rakhatA; kyoM ki mAnIvika saMpradAyakI utpatti jisa samaya huI thI, usa samaya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha dvArA jainadharmakA punaH pracAra hocukA thaa| - 1-Js. II. Intros. XXIX; AjI0, higlI0 pR0 38.41 va dinIiphi0 pR. 396-399 / 2-uda0 hANale, Appendix 12 /

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7.] - - - - - - saMkSipta jana itihaas| ataH mainadharmameM vaha niyama AjIvikaki pahale se hI svITana the| lIviz2ana jainole bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI undIkA pratipAdana kiyA apane siddhAnta thaa| mAdhunika vihAnoko bhI yaha mAnya. lipa the| ki bhAjIvika netA mayakhaligozAlA, puraNa sapa mAdipara mainadharmakA vizeSa prabhAva par3A thA aura unane jainadhamase bahuta kucha sIkhA thA / AjIvika sampradAyakA nivAsa hI mana dharmase hamA ho to koI Azcarya nhiiN| janadharmake AdhArase mAnI. 1-sva0 jemsa TI0 elbima sA sirAte hai ki digambara mAnIna saMpradAya samajhA jAtA thA aura upotta. sApuoM feeiale 'jana prabhAva par3A thA / (" In James d. Alris' paper (Ind. Anti. VIII) on the six Tirthakas the " Digaml. berus" appear to havo beou regarded ay an old order of ascetics and all of these herctical teachers betray the influence of Joinism in their doctrines. "-Ind. Antri. Vol. IX P.101), DaoN ramana jaikobI bhI yahI bAta prakaTa karate haiM, yayA: " The preceding four Tirthakur appour all to have adopted 2016 or other doctrines or practices of the Joiun systerm, probably from the Jains themselves......It appears from tho preceding remarks that Jain ideas & practices wust bave been carrent at the time of Moliovira and indopondoptls of him. This combiped with other argoments, leads 08' to the opinion that the Nirgronthas (Jajnas ) were really in existence long before Mahavira, who was the roformer of the already existing sect. "-Ind. Anti IX. 162,

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MAKA jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [.. vikoMne apane siddhAnta nizcita kiye the, yaha eka mAnya viSaya haiN| tathApi nimna vizeSatAoMko vyAnameM rakhanese yaha spaSTa dRSTi par3atA hai ki bhAjIvika matakA vikAsa jainamatase humA zrA: (1) AjIvika maMpradAyacA nAmakaraNa 'AjIvika' rUpamai isI kAraNa humA pratIta hotA hai ki AjIvika sAdhu, jinakI bAhyakriyAyeM prAyaH jana sAdhuoMke anurUpa thIM, kisI prakArako AnIvikA karane lage the| jaina zAstroMmeM sAdhuoMko 'mAnIvo' nAmaka doSa arthAta kisI prakArakI AnIvikA karanese vilaga rahanekA upadeza hai| vastutaH AjIvika sAdhugaNa prAyaH jyotipiyoMki rUpameM usa samaya AnIvikA karane lage the, yaha prakaTa hai| ataH unakA nAmakaraNa hI unakA nikAsa jainadharmase huA pragaTa karatA hai| (2) AnIvika sAdhuoMkA nagnabheSa aura kaThina parIpaha sahana karanese bhI unakA udgama jaina zrotase huA pratimASita hotA hai / (3) AnItrika sAdhu prAyaH jaina tIrthaMkaroMka bhI bhakta milate the; jaise upaka nAmajha AnIvika sAdhu anaMtamina nAmaka caudahaveM jaina tIrthakarakA upApaka shrii| (4) saiddhAntika viSayameM AnIvi jainoMke samAna hI mAtmAmA astitva mAnate the aura usako 'arogI' arthAt sAMsArika malose rahita svIkAra karate the tathA saMsAra paribhramaNa siddhAnta bhI unheM mAnya thaa| 1-kahida0, pR. 162 va irii0 bhAga pR0 261 12-mUlAcAra- 'ghAdIdanimitta AjIvo vaNivagedrayAdi / 3-AjI0 0 67-68 / 4-AjI0 pR0 55 va 62 / 5-lAma0 pR. 30, mAriya-pariyesaNAsutta, dahivA0 bhA0 3 0 247 / 6-Js. I. Iatro. XXIX. - --

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72 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | (5) jainoMkI vizeSatA aNuvAda ( Atomic Thoery ) meM hai aura bhAratIya darzana meM unhIMke yahAM isakA sarva prAcIna rUpa milatA hai | AjIvika saMpradAya ko bhI yaha niyama prAyaH janadharmake anusAra hI svIkRta thA | (6) jainoMke dvAdazAGgazrutajJAnameM 'pUrva' nAmaka bhI 12 graMtha the / unhIM meM se aSTAGga mahAnimittajJAnako AjIvikoMne grahaNa 1 2 kiyA thA / (7) makkha ligozAlane AjIvika saMpradAya meM 'cattAri pANagAyaM cattAri apANagAyaM' niyama niyata kiyA thA jo jainoMke mahekhanAvrata ke samAna thA / 3 4 (8) AjIvika saMpradAyane jainoMke katipaya khAsa zabdoM (Terms) ko grahaNa kara liyA thA; yathA 'vtre sattA, savye pANA, savbe bhUtA, savce jIvA, 'saMjJI', 'asaMjJI', 'adhikamma' ityAdi / (9) gozAlA hai abhijAti siddhAnta nainoMke paTlezyA siddhAnta ke sadRza hai / " (10) gozAla apaneko 'tIrthaMkara' pragaTa karatA thA | tIrthakara- mAnyatA sivAya jainadharmake aura kisI saMpradAya meM nahIM hai / (11) jIvoM ke eka indrI, dvendriya mAdi bheda bhI jainoMke samAna mAnavikoMko svIkRta the / 6 ina bAtoMke dekhane se AjIvikoM kA nikAsa bhagavAna pArzva1 - iriI0 6 bhama0 pR0 177 - 178 / 3- AjI0 7 pR.0 318 / 5-Js. II. Iutro 0 bhA0 2 0 199 / 2 AjI0 bhA0 1 pR0 41. pR0 53-54 / 4-vIra bhA0 - Js. II. Intro.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 730 nAthake tIrtha meM jainadharmase huA mAnanA. kucha anucita nahIM jaMcatA hai / gozAla aura puraNa isa saMpradAya ke mukhya netA the / gozAlane 1 - isa dharmakA pracAra 24 varSataka karake zrAvaNI meM hAlAhalAkI kuMbhArazAlA meM mahAvIrajIphe nirvANase solaha varSa pahale maraNa kiyA thA / : isa samaya usane apane kRtadopoM kA prAyazcitta bhI leliyA thA aura pragaTa kara diyA thA ki vaha sarvajJa nahIM hai / ' AjIvika sAdhu pacyuta athavA sahasrAra svargataka gamana karate haiN| gozAlake mRtyu uparAnta bhI AjIvikamatakA pracAra rahA thA / saMbhavataH mahApadma nandaH AjIvika thA aura azokane nAgArjunI parvatapara inake liye guphAyeM banavAI thiiN| 1 uparokta kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrakI chadmastha gozAla bhagavAna ke dazAmeM makkhali gozAla unake sAtha avazya, * sAtha rahA thA, parantu rahA thA / zvetAmvara zAstra to yaha spaSTataH . unakA ziSya nahIM thA / pragaTa karate hI haiM, kintu digambara, zAstra ke . - isa kathana se ki bhagavAn mahAvIrajI ke samozaraNameM use amasthAna.: - na milaneke kAraNa vaha unase ruSTa hokara pragaTa hai ki vaha bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya avazya unake nikaTa thA / ataH vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA:upadeza prArambha honeke jarA pahale hIse apane ajJAnamatakA pracAra karane lagA thaa| DaoN0 hANale sA0 bhagavAna mahAvIrake kevalajJAna. prathaka hogayA thA, yaha kevalajJAna prApta karane ke.. 1 - vizepake liye 'AjI0', 'bhama', 'vIra' varSa 3 aMka 12-13 va digambara jaina, bhA0 19 aMka 1-2 6-7 se 2 - trilokasAra 545 va AcArasAra 127/6 / 315- AjI0 pR0 67-69 |

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74] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prApta karaneke samayase do varSa pahile gozAlane svadharma pracAra prArambha kiyA, batalAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra unjanIse vihAra karake kauzAMbI pahuMce the| mahAvIrako kevala- yahAMpara unakA AhAra dalita avasthAmeM hI jAnakI praapti| rahatI huI rAjakumArI candanAke yahAM humA thA, jisase bhagavAnakA patitoddhAraka svarUpa spaSTa hokara mana moha letA hai| kauzAMbIse bhagavAna punaH ekAMtavAsameM nizcala dhyAnArUr3ha rahe the| unhoMne eka Taka bAraha varSa taka duddhara tapazcaraNa karanekA kaThina parantu dRr3hatama Atmabala pragaTa karanevAlA niyama grahaNa kiyA thaa| isa bAraha varSake tapazcaraNake uparAMta unako pUrNajJAnakI prApti huI thii| digambara aura zvetAMvara donoM hI saMpradAyoMke zAstra jIvanakI isa mukhya ghaTanAke samaya mahAvIrajIkI avasthA vyAlIpa varSakI batalAte haiN| zvetAMbara zAstra kahate haiM ki uparokta bAraha varSakI ghora tapasyAkA abhyAsa unane kAr3ha dezake do bhAgoM-vajabhUmi aura sumabhUmike madhya nAkara kiyA thA aura unako vahIM devalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| mahAvIrakI mahAna vijayake hI kAraNa / lADhakA ukta pradeza 'vinayabhUmi' ke nAmase prakhyAt huA thaa| bhagavAnane 'vijaya muhUrta meM hI sarvajJapada pAyA thaa| usa samaya yaha kAr3ha deza bar3A duzcara thA aura bhagavAnako yahApara bar3I gahana kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| kintu - 1-Appendiss. 2-hari0 pR0 575 va Js. I. p. 269. '3-J8. I, P, 263. 4-ihikka.. bhA0 4 pR. 44 / 5-kehii. pR. 158 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [75 ve una sabapara vijayI huye the aura unhoMne sarvajJa hokara 'vijayadharma' pratipoSita karane kA ucca ninAda kiyA thaa| kevalajJAna prAptikI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki eka 'suvrata' nAmaka. dinako RjukUlA athavA RjupAlikA nadIke vAmataTapara jRmbhaka nAmaka grAmake nikaTa pahuMca kara, aparAhnake samajha acchI tarahase SaSThopavAtako dhAraNa karake sAlavRkSake nIce eka caTTAnapara Asana jamAkara mahAvIrajIne vaizApa zuklA dazamIke tithimeM sarvajJapadako prApta kiyA thaa| isa samaya uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra aura vinayamuhUrta thaa| jisa sthAnapara bhagavAnane kevalajJAnakI vibhUti pAI thI, vaha sthAna sAmAga nAmaka rupakake khetameM thA aura eka prAcIna maMdirase uttara pUrvakI ora thaa| vahAM mahAvIranI sarvajJa huye aura parama vaMdanIya paramAtmA hogaye the| vaha zuddha buddha caitanya svarUpa sazarIra Izvara athavA pUjya ahaMta yA tIrthakara huye the| samasta lokameM AnaMda chAgayA aura devoMne Akara usa samaya AnaMdotsava manAyA thaa| Ana spaSTarUpameM yaha vidita nahIM hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAna sthAna kahA~para hai ? bhagavAnake kevalahAna-sthAna / janma va nirvANasthAnoMke samAna jaina samAjame kisI bhI aise sthAnakI mAnyatA nahIM hai ki vaha kevalajJAna prAptikA pavitra sthAna kahA naaske| jayapura riyAsatake cAMdanagAMvameM eka nadIke nikaTase bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI eka bahuprAcIna mUrti mUgarbhase upalabdha huI thii| vaha mUrti vahIpara eka vizAla maMdira 1-upu0 pR0 614 va Js. I, 201. 2-AcArAGga Is. I. pp. 20/57. - - -

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76] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| banavAkara virAjamAna karadI gaI thI aura vahIM nikaTameM bhagavAna caraNacihna bhI haiN| isa prakAra nAhirA zAstroMmeM batAye huye keva. lajJAna sthAnake varNananase isa sthAnakI mArUti ThIka eksI baiThatI hai aura isase yaha bhrama hosaktA hai ki yahI myAna bhagavAna mahAvIrajI kevalajJAna prApta karanekA divyasthAna hogA; kiMtu jaina samAjameM yaha sthAna kevala eka atizaya tIrtharUpameM 'mahAvIranI ke nAmase mAnya hai / tisapara zAstroMmeM batAyA huA kevalajJAna sthAna kausAmbIse bhagAr3I kahIM honA ucita hai; kyoMki ujjayanIse kausAmbIko jAte huye uparokta atizayakSetra pIche mArgamai raha jAtA hai| aura zvetAMbara zAstra jambhaka grAma bhAdiko lADha deza meM sthita batalAte haiN| ataH yaha kevalajJAna sthAna magadhadezameM kahIM honA yuktisaMgata hai| kinhIM digambara jaina zAstroM meM use magaradezameM batalAyA bhI hai| lADhadezakA vinayabhUmi prAnta Ajakalake bihAra or3IsA prAMtastha choTA nAgapura DivIjanake mAnabhuna aura siMhabhUma niloM itanA mAnA gayA hai / sva0 naMdalAla De mahAzayane sammedazikhara parvatase 25-30 mIlakI durIpara sthita jhariyAko jambhaka grAma pragaTa kiyA hai jo apanI koyaloMkI khAnoMke liye prasiddha hai aura barAkara nadIko RjukUlA nadI siddha kI hai|' / 1-cIra mA0 3 pR. 317 para hamane bhramase usI sthAnako keva.. lajJAna sthAna anumAna kiyA thA / 2-yasU0 Js. I, p. 268.. vRjeza-pR- +-ihikvA0-mA0-4-10----X6 va vIra . mA0 5 pR.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [77 yaha sthAna mAnabhUma jile meM hai aura prAcIna magaghakA rAjyAvikAra yahAM thaa| ataeva yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki ukta sthAna hI mahAvIrajIkA kevalajJAna sthAna ho| isake liye jhiriyAke nikaTavartI vaMzAvazeSoMkI jAMca par3atAla honA jarUrI hai / itanA to vidita hI hai ki ina jiloM meM 'sarAka' nAmaka prAcIna jainI bahuta milate haiM aura inameM eka samaya janoM kA rAjya bhI thaa| kiMtu kAladoSa evaM anya saMpradAyoMke upadravoM se yahAMke mainiyoM kA hAsa itanA veDhA hamA ki ve apane dharma aura sAMpradAyika saMsthAoM ke bAremeM kucha bhI yAda na rakha sake / yahI kAraNa ki isa prAMtameM sthita bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke kevalajJAna sthAnakA patA Aja nahIM calatA hai| 0 sTIna mA0 ne paMjAba prAMtase rAvalapiMDI nilemeM koTeza nAmaka grAmake sannikaTa mati nAmaka pahADIpA eka prAcIna jIrNana maMdirake viSayameM likhA hai ki yahIMpara bhagavAna mahAvIranIne jJAna lAma kiyA thaa| kiMtu kauzAmbIse itanI dUrIpara aura so bhI nadIke sannikaTa na hokara pahAr3Ike Upara bhagavAnakA kevalajJAna sthAna honA ThIka nahIM jNctaa| kevalajJAna sthAna to magaradeza meM hI kahIM aura bahuta karake jhiriyAke sanikaTa hI thA / uparokta sthAna bhagavAna ke samozaraNako vahAM AyA huA vyakta karanevAlA atizayakSetra hogA; kyoMki yaha to vidita hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karate huye takSazilA Aye the aura mUrtiparvata usake nikaTa thaa| - - - -- - 1-vavibhojasmA0 pR0 42-77 / 2-kajAi0 pR0 683 / 3-haoN0 pR. 80 phu0 no.

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78] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIrane jipsa apUrva tyAgavRtti aura amogha AtmabhagavAna mahAvIra zaktikA avalaMbana kiyA thA, usIkA phala thA sarvajJa the| ajaina ki vaha eka sAmAnya manuSyase mAtmonnati graMthoMkI saakssii| karate2 paramAtmapada jaise paramollaSTa avasthAko prApta huye the / vaha sarvajJa ho gaye the| jana zAstra kahate haiM ki jJAtrika mahAvIra bhI anaMtajJAna aura anaMtadarzanake dhArI the| matyeka padArthako unane pratyakSa dekha liyA thA aura ve sarva prakArake pApamalase nirmula the / vaha samasta vizvameM sarvocca aura mahAvidvAna the| unheM sarvotkRSTa, prabhAvazAlI, darzana, jJAna aura cAritrame paripUrNa aura nirvANa siddhAnta pracArakoMmeM sarvazreSTha batalAyA gayA hai| yaha mAnyatA kevala jainoMkI hI nahIM hai| brAhmaNa aura bauddha anya bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI sarvajJatAko svIkAra karate haiN| bauddhoMke aMguttaranikAyameM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajI sarvajJAtA aura -sarvadarzI the| unakI sarvajJatA anaMta thI / vaha hamAre calane, baiThane, sote, jAgate hara samaya sarvajJa the| vaha jAnate the ki kisane kisa prakArakA pApa kiyA hai aura kitane nahIM kiyA hai| bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki mahAvIra saMghake AcArya, darzana zAstrake praNetA, bahuprakhyAta, tatvavettA rUpameM prasiddha, janatA dvArA sammAnita, anubhavazIla vaya prApta mAdhu aura AyumeM adhika the| ( DAyolaoNgsa 1-upu0 pR. 614 / 2-Js. II, pp. 287-270. 3-majhimanikAya 1 / 238 va 92-93, aMguttAnikAya 374, nyAyavindu ma0 3, cuTavagga SBE. XX 78, Ind, Anti. VIII. 313. paMcataMtra (Keilhorn, V_I) ityAdi / 4-0 ni. bhAga 1 pR0 220 / 5-mami0 bhAga 2 pR. 214-228 / . - -

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M jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [79 mApha dI buddha pR066) ve cAturyAma saMvarase svarakSita, dekhI aura sunI bAtoMko jyoMkA tyoM pragaTa karanevAle sAdhu the (saMyutta0 0 140 91) janatAmeM unakI vizeSa mAnyatA thii| (pUrva e0 94) / sacamuca tIrthakara bhagavAna ke divya jIvana meM kevalajJAnaprAptikI bhagavAnakA diya eka aisI bar3I aura mukhya ghaTanA hai ki usakA prbhaav| mahatva lagAnA sAmAnya vyaktike liye jarA Ter3I khIra hai| hAM ! jiptako AtmAke anantajJAna aura ananta zaktimeM vizvAsa hai, vaha sahanameM hI isa ghaTanAkA mUlya samajha saktA haiN| kevalajJAna prApta karanA athavA sarvajJa honAnA, manuSya jIvanama eka anupama aura advitIya avasara hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba sarvajJa hogaye, to unakI mAnyatA janasAdhAraNameM vizeSa hogii| usa samayake prakhyAta rAjAoMne bhaktipUrvaka unakA svAgata kiyaa| pratyeka prANI tIrthakara bhagavAnako pAkara paramAnandameM magna hogyaa| cauddha zAstra bhI mahAvIrajIke isa vizeSa prabhAvako spaSTa svIkAra karate haiN| mAlUma to aisA hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake kAryakSetra meM avatIrNa honese usa samayake prAyaH saba hI matapravartakoMka bhAsana DhIle hogaye the aura bhagavAna kI prANI mAtrake liye hitakara zikSAko pramukhasthAna mila gayA thaa| usa samayake prakhyAta matapaka ma. gautama buddha ke viSayameM ma0 gautama vaDake to spaSTa hai ki unake jIvanapara bhagavAna jIvanapara bhagavAna mahAvIrakI parvajJa avasthAkA aisA prabala mahAvIrakA prbhaav| prabhAva par3A thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma 1-saMyuktanikAya bhA0 1 pR. 14 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pracArake mantarAla kAla taka unake darzana hI muzkila se hote haiN| ma. buddhake 60 se 70 varSake madhyavartI jIvana ghaTanAoMcA ullekha nahIMke barAbara milatA hai revarenDa vizapa viganDeTa mAto kahate haiM ki yaha kAla prAyaH ghaTanAoM ullekhame korA hai|(An almost blank) ma0 buddhake uparokta jIvanakAlakI ghaTanAoM ke na milanekA kAraNa sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmapracAramA prabhAva hai| kyoMki yaha anyatra pramANita kiyA jAtA hai ki nimamamaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ne apanA dharmapracAra prArambha kiyA thA, usa samaya ma0 vuddha apane 'madhya mArga' kA pracAra prArambha kara cuke the aura anumAnase 45 yA 18 varSakI avasthAmeM the| ataH yaha vilakula sambhava hai ki nahAvIranIkA upadeza isa antarAla kAlameM itanA prabhAvazAlI avazya hogayA thA ki ma0 buddhake jIvana 50 deM. varSase unakI jIvana ghaTanAyeM prAyaH nahIM milatI haiN| ___ sAmagAma sutanta' meM bhagavAna nahAvInIke nirmANa prAtikI khabara pAkara ma0 buddhake pramukha zipya vAnanda bar3e harpita huye the aura bar3I uttustAse yaha samAcAra ma0 buddhako sunAneke liye daur3e gaye the, isase bhI sApha pragaTa hai ki ma. gautamabuddhako mahAvIrajIke dharmapracArake samakSa avazya hI hAni uThAnI par3I thii| kyoMki yadi aisA na hotA to mahAvIrajIle nirvANa pAlenekI ghaTanAko bauddha bar3I utkaNThA aura harSabhAvase nahIM dekhate / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa madeg buddhakA prabhAva kSINa par3enemeM eka aura kAraNa 2-bhamanu0 pR0 100-110 / 2-saoNnDarma, gautamabuddha pR. 54 / 3-bhamabu. pR0 101 / 4-DhAyolaoNgsa oNpha buddha bhA0 3 pR0 112 /

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- jJAnika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [81. donoM mata pravartakoM kA vibhinna mAtrAkA jJAna bhI thaa| mahAvIranI pUrNa sarvajJa aura trikAladarzI the, yaha bAta svayaM bauddha zAstra pragaTa karate haiN| jaise ki Upara vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kintu ma0 buddhako yadyapa bauddha zAstra sarvana batalAte haiN| parantu yaha bAta vaha spaSTa svIkAra karate haiM ki ma0 vuddhakI sarvajJatA harasamaya unake nikaTa nahIM rahatI thii| vaha jaba misa bAtako jAnanA cAhate the, usa bAtako dhyAnase jAna lete the / ataH ma0 buddhakA jJAna pUrNa sarvajJatA na hokara eka prakArakA avadhinAna pragaTa hotA hai| jJAnake isa tArasamyako samajhakara hI zAyada ma0 buddhane kabhI .. bhI jaina tIrtha karase milane kA prayApta nahIM gautama buddhakA jJAna yA thA aura na unane mahAvIrajIkI vaisI tIvra AlocanA kI hai, jaise ki unhoMne usa samayake anya matapravanakoM kI kI thii| kintu isa kathanase yahAM hamArA bhAva ma. buddha ke gauravapUrNa vyaktitvakI avanA karanekA nahIM hai| hamArA uddezya mAtra bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya prabhAvako pragaTa karanekA jiptakA viziSTa rUpa svayaM bauddha zAstra pragaTa karate haiM / bauDoM ke kathanase yaha bhI pragaTa hotA hai ki uma samayake videzI logoM-yavanoM (Inda-Greeks) meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIcI mAnyatA vizeSa hogaI thI / sarvajJa prabhukA mahatva krisako achUtA chor3a saktA hai ? . bhagavAnake kevalI hote hI janatA unake anupama mahAna vya'titvapara ekadama mohita hogaI pragaTa hotI hai| isa divyaM ghaTanAke 3" 1-milindapanha (SBE.) bhA0 35 10. 154.1|2-bhmbu pR0 72-75 / 3-higlI0 pR0 78 // - -

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82] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| upalakSameM hI una sthAnoMke nAma bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI apekSA ullikhita huye jinakA samparka mahAvIrajIse thaa| kahate haiM mAnabhUmi jilA, mAnyabhUmi rUpameM bhagavAnake aparanAma "mAnya zramaNa" kI apezA kahalAyA thA / siMghabhUma nilAkA zuddha nAma 'siMhabhUmi' batAyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki vora prabhukI siMhavRtti thI aura unakA cinha 'siMha' thA; isaliye yaha jilA unhIM kI apekSA isa nAmase prakhyAta huA thaa| inake atirikta vinayabhUmi, varddhamAna (vardavAna), vIrabhUmi mAdi sthAna bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke pavitra nAma aura unake sambandhako pragaTa karanevAle haiN| sacamuca baMgAla va vihArameM usasamaya jainadharmako gati vizeSa thI aura janatA bhagavAna mahAvIrako pAkara phUle aMga nahIM samAI thii| ma. gautama buddha bauddhadharmake praNetA the aura vaha bhagavAna ma. vuddha eka samaya mahAvIrake samakAlIna the| jaina zAloM meM jaina muAna the| unako bhagavAna pArzvanAthajI ke tIrthake muni pihitAzravakA ziSya batalAyA hai| likhA hai ki digambara jaina munipadase bhraSTa hokara raktAmbara pahinakara buddhane kSaNikavAdakA pracAra kiyA aura mRta mAMsa grahaNa karane meM kucha saMkoca nahIM kiyA thaa| jaina zAstrake isa kathanakI puSTi svayaM bauddha granthoMse hotI hai| unameM eka sthAnapara svayaM gautama buddha ima vAtako svIkAra karate haiM 1-ihirA0 mA0 4 pR. 45 / 2-pUrva pramANa / 3-vara bhA0 3 pR0 370 va vavio jaismA0pR0 109|4-bhmvu0 pR0 48-490 buddhako anAtmavAda sahasA mAnya nahIM thA / unane spaSTataH AlAke astitvase inkAra nahIM kiyA thA / yaha unakI' jaina dazAkA prabhAva kahA jAsakatA hai|

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [83 ki unane dAr3hI aura sirake bAla noMcaneko parISako sahana kiyA thaa| yaha parISaha jaina muniyoM kA khAsa cinha hai| tisapara gayA zIrSapara unhoMne pAMca bhikSuoM ke sAtha jo sAdhu jIvana vyatIta kiyA thA, vaha ThIka jaina sAdhuke jIvana ke samAna thaa| pAMca bhikSuoM ke nAma bhI jaina sAdhuoM ke anurUpa the| kahA gayA hai ki 'bhikSu' zabdakA vyavahAra sarva prathama kevala nainoM athavA bauddhoM dvArA humA thA; kintu jisa samaya ma0 buddha una pAMca bhikSuoM ke mAtha the umasamaya unhoMne bauddhadharmakA nIvAropaNa nahIM kiyA thA / ataH niHsaMdeha uka bhikSugaNa maina the aura unake sAtha hI ma0 vuDane jaina sAdhukA jIvana vyatIta kiyA thA; jaise ki vaha svayaM svIkAra karate haiN| sara bhANDArakara bhI ma0 buddhako eka samaya jaina muni huA natajJA cuke haiN| kintu jaina munikI kaThina parIpahoM ko sahana karanepara bhI ma0 buddhako zIghra hI kSevalajJAnakI prApti nahIM huI to vaha hatAza hogaye aura unhoMne madhyakA mArga DhUMr3ha nikAlA; mo jainadharmakI kaThina tapasyA aura hindu dharmake kriyAkANDake bIca eka rAjInAmA mAtra thaa| kinhIM logoM kA yaha khayAla hai ki ma. gautamabuddha aura * bhagavAna mahAvIra aura bhagavAna mahAvIra eka vyakti the aura jaina ma. gautamabuddha eka dharma bauddhadharmakI eka zAkhA hai, kiMtu isa vyakti nahIM the aura jainadharma bauddhadharmako mAnyatAma kucha bhI tathya nahIM hai| svayaM zAkhA nahIM hai| cauddha graMthoMse bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA svataMtra - * 1-Diskorsasa oNpha gotama 1197-99 / 2-bhamanu0 pR. 47. / -DAyolareMsa oNpha vuddha (BB) Intro; 4-jaihi bhA - 1 0 5 // - 5-J II. Intro:

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- 84 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vyaktitva pramANita hai; jaise ki pahale bauddhagraMthoMke uddharaNa diye jA cuke haiN| ina donoM mahApuruSoMkI katipaya jIvana ghaTanAyeM avazya milatI julatI haiM; kiMtu unameM vibhinnatAyeM bhI itanI veDhaba haiM ki unako eka vyakti nahIM kahA jAsaktA hai / ma0 gautamabuddhake pitAkA nAma jahAM zAkyavaMzI zuddhodana thA, vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke pitA jJa tRkulake ratna nRpa siddhArtha the / ma0 buddhake janmake sAdha hI unakI mAtAkA dehAMta hogayA thA; kiMtu bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA rAnI trizalA apane putrake gRha tyAga karaneke samaya taka jIvita thiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra bAlabrahmacArI the; para ma0 buddhakA vivAha yazodA nAmaka rAjakumArIse huA thA jisase unheM rAhula nAmaka putraratnakI prApti bhI huI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrane gRhatyAga kara jaina munike eka niyamita jIvana kramakA abhyAsa kiyA thA / ma0 buddhako ThIka isake viparIta ekase adhika saMpradAyaka sAdhuoM ke pAsa jJAna lAbhakI jijJAsAse jAnA par3A thA / ma buddhane pUrNa sarvajJa huye vinA hI 36 varSakI avasthA meM bauddhadharmako janma dekara usakA pracAra karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| kiMtu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne kisI navIna dharmakI sthApanA nahIM kI thii| unhoMne sarvajJa hokara 42 varSakI avasthAse jainadharmakA punaH pracAra karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| donoM dharmanetAoMke dharmapracAra praNAlImeM bhI jamIna AsmAnakA antara thaa| ma0 buddhako apane dharmapracArameM saphalatA unakI mIThI vANI aura prabhAvazAlI * mukhAkRtike kAraNa milI thii| loga maMtramugdhakI taraha unake upadezako grahaNa karate the| usakI 1-sAnDarDa gautama buddha pR0 75 / - -

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [85 sArthakatA athavA aucityakI ora dhyAna hI nahIM dete the| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dharmapracAra ThIka vaijJAnika DhaMgapara hotA thaa| unake nikaTa nijJAsukI zaMkAoM kA anta ekadama ho jAtA thaa| isakA kAraNa yahI thA ki vaha trikAla aura trilokadarzI sarvajJa the| unhoMne AtmA aura lokake astitva evaM karmavAdako pUrNataH spaSTa pratipAdita karake saddhAMtika jijJAsuoMkI pUrI manaH saMtuSTi kara dI thii| unane vanaspati, pRthvI, jala, agni vAyu Adi sthAvara padArthoMmeM bhI jIva pramANita kiyA thA aura karmavargaNAoMkA astitva aura unakA sukSmarUpa prakaTa karake aNuvAdakA prAcIna rupa spaSTa kara diyA thaa| isake viparIta ma0 buddhane yaha bhI nahIM batalAyA thA ki AtmA hai yA nhiiN| unane AtmA, loka, karmaphala mAdi saiddhAMtika bAtoMko adhurI chor3a diyA thaa| isa apekSA vidvajana ma0 buddha dharmako prArambhameM eka saiddhAMtika mata na mAnakara sAmAnika krAMti hI mAnate haiN| donoM hI dharmanetAoMne yadyapi ahiMsAtattvako svIkAra kiyA hai; parantu jo vizeSatA isa tatvako bhagavAna mahAvIrake nikaTa prApta huI, vaha vizeSarUpa use ma0buddhake , hAthoMse nasIva nahIM huaa| ___ ma0 buddhane ahiMsA tattvako mAnate huye bhI mRta pazuoMke mAMsako grahaNa karanA vidheya rakkhA thA aura isI zithilatAkA Aja yaha pariNAma hai ki prAyaH sarva hI bauddha dharmAnuyAyI mAMsabhakSaka milate haiN| kintu jainadharmake viziSTa ahiMsA tattvase prabhAvita - 1-mamabu0 pR0 118-120 / 2-kIya, buddhisTa philAsapho - 12 / 3-lAmAI pR0 131 /

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86] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hokara pratyeka jenI pUrNa zAkAhArI hai aura unakA hRdaya hara samaya dayAse bhIjA rahatA hai| jisase ve prANImAtrakI hitacintanA kara. nemeM agrasara hai / jaina saMghameM gRhasthoM arthAta zrAvaka aura zrAvi. kAoMko bhI muniyoM aura ArthikAoM ke sAtha sthAna milA rahA hai kintu bauddha saMghameM kevala bhikSu aura bhikSuNI-yahI do aMga prAraMbhase haiM / vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki jaina saMghakI uparokta vizepatAke kAraNa hI noMkA mastitva mAna bhI bhAratameM hai aura usake abhAvameM bauddha dharma apane janmasthAna meM hUMr3hanepara bhI muzkila lase milatA hai| bauddha aura jainadharmake zAstra bhI vibhinna haiN| jaina zAstra 'aMga aura pUrva' pahalAte hai; bauddhoMke grantha samUha rUpameM 'tripiTaka' nAmase prakhyAt haiM / jaina sAdhu nagna rahate aura kaThina tapasyA evaM vratoMkA abhyAsa karanA pAvazyaka samajhate haiM, kintu bauddhoMko yaha bAteM pasanda nahIM haiM / vaha inheM dhArmika cinha nahIM mAnate / bauddha sAdhu 'bhikSu' athavA 'zrAvaka' kahalAte haiM, jaina sAdhu 'zramaNa 'acelaka' athavA 'Arya' yA 'muni' nAmase paricita haiN| jainadharma, zrAvaka gRhasthako kahate haiM | jaina apane tIrthakaroMko mAnate haiM aura bauddha kevala ma0 buddhakI pUjA karate haiN| ina evaM aisI hI anya vibhinnatAoMke hote huye bhI jainadharma aura bauddha dharmameM bahuta sAdRzya bhI hai / 'Azraya' 'saMvara' mAdi kitane hI khAsa zabdoM aura siddhAntoMko bauddhoMne svayaM jainoMse grahaNa kiyA hai aura svayaM ma0 buddha pahale jainadharmake bahuzrutI sAdhu the; aisI. 1-2.60 pR0 230 / 2-vahi i0 pR0 169 / 3-harida bhA0 7 pR0 472 /

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A jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [87 dazAmeM ukta donoM dharmoM meM sAdRzya honA koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM hai| donoM dharmo na vedokI hI mAnyatA hai aura na brAhmaNoM kA Adara hai / ve yajJoMmeM honevAlI hiMsAkA ghora virodha rakhate haiN| jAti aura kulake ghamaMDako donoM hI dharmoM meM pAkhaNDa batalAyA gayA haiM aura unakA dvAra pratyeka prANIke liye sadAse khulA rahA hai| bauddha aura jainoMke nikaTa ratnatraya athavA triratna mukhya haiM aura AdaraNIya haiM; parantu donoM ke nikaTa inakA abhiprAya bhinna bhinna hai / bauddhadharmake anusAra triratna (1) buddha (2) dharma aura (3) saMgha haiN| jainadharma, ratnatraya (1) samyagdarzana (Right Beliety (2) samyagjJAna (Right Knowledge) aura (3) samyagcAritra (Right Conduct) ko kahate haiM / bauddha aura jaina jagatako racanevAle IzvarakA astitva nahIM mAnate haiM; yadyapi jainadharmameM IzvaravAda svIkata hai| ve mokSa va nirvANa prApti apanA uddezya samajhate haiM; kintu isakA bhAva donoM ke nikaTa bhinna hai / baudda nirvANase matalaba pUrNa kSaya honekA samajhate haiM; kintu mainoMke nikaTa nirvANa dazAse bhAva anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantavIrya aura anaMtasukha pUrNa avasthAse hai| isa prakAra jainadharma aura bauddhadharmameM maulika bheda spaSTa hai aura yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra eka svAdhIna aura ma0 buddhase vibhinna mahApuruSa the, jinheM bauha loga niganTha 1-mamayu* pR. 117-178 / 4 bauddhadharmameM yahI tIna zaraNa mAne gaye haiN| jainadharmameM (1)-arainta, (2) siddha, (6) sAdhu, (4) va kevalI bhagavAna dvArA pratipAdita dharma-yaha cAra zaraNa mAne hai|

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88] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nAtaputta kahate haiN| jainadharmakA ullekha bauddha granthoM meM eka pUrva nizrita aura ma0 buddhake pahilese pracalita dharmake rUpameM huA milatA hai| ataeva jainadharmako bauddhadharmakI zAkhA nahIM kahA jAsaktA | ho ! isake viparIta yaha kaha sakte haiM ki ma0 gautama buddhane mainadharmame apane dharma nirmANameM vahata kucha sahAyatA lI thii| bhagavAna mahAcIrake pavitra jIvanakA unapara kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| nisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa hogaye to niyamAnumAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA unakI vANI nahIM khirI / niyama yada prAraMbhika updesh| ki nisa samaya tIrthakara kevalI hojAte haiM. usa samayase unakI AyuparyaMta niyamita rUpase pratidina tIna samaya megha garjanAke samAna anAyAsa hI vANI khiratI rahatI hai| jise pratyeka jIva apanIra bhASA samajha lete haiM / yaha vANI ardhamArAdhI bhASAmaya pariNata hotI hai, jo sAta prakArako prAkRta bhASAoMmese eka hai| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke sarvajJa honAnepara bhI yaha prasaMga sahana hI upasthita na huaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki usa samaya bhagavAna ke nikaTa aisA koI yogya puruSa nahIM thA, jo unakI vANIko grahaNa karatA / isI kAraNa bhagavAnakI vANI nahIM khirI thii| devalokakA indra apane devaparikara sahita bhagavAnakA 'kevalajJAna kalyANaka utsava manAne AyA thaa| vahAM bhI vaha upasthita thaa| usane apane jJAnavalase jAna liyA thA ki vedapArAM: gata prasiddha brAhmaNa vidvAn indrabhUti gautama bhagavAnakI divyadhvaniko aba dhAraNa karanekI yogyatA rakhatA hai| indrakI mAjJAse bhagavAnake 1-caracA samAdhAna pR. 39 / gisa .

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RAM jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [89 upadeza nimitta sabhAgRha pahale hI bana gayA thA jinameM aneka koTa, vApI, tar3Aga, nina maMdira, caitya, stupa, mAnastambha mAdike atirikta bhagavAnakI manamohaka 'gandhakuTI' aura bAraha koThe the| ina koThoMmeM sAdhu-sAdhvI, deva-devAMganA, nara-nArI aura tithaMca-pazu bhI samAna bhAvase beThakara bhagavAnakA anyAvASa sukha-saMdeza sunate the / iMdra samAnanoMko bhagavAnakI vANI rUpI amRtake liye tRSAtura dekhakara zIghra hI bar3I kuzalatA pUrvaka indramati gautama aura unake bhAI vAyubhUti va agnibhUtiko vahAM le aayaa| ve bhagavAnakA divya upadeza sunakara jainadharmameM dIkSita hogaye aura bhagavAnakI vANIko grahaNa karake usakI aMga-pUrvamaya racanA indramRtine usI roja kara DAlI thii| manaHparyaya jJAnakI nidhi unako tatkSaNa mila gaI thI aura vaha bhagavAnake pramukha gaNaghara padapara mAtIna huye the / vAyumRti aura agnibhUti bhI anya do gaNadhara huye the / inake atirikta bhagavAnake gaNadhara va anya ziSya the, unakA varNana agAr3IkI paMktiyoMmeM hai / ve0 zAstra kahate haiM ki bhagavAnakA yaha prathama samavazaraNa bhapAyA nAmaka nagarIke bAhara racA gayA thA; kintu digambara zAstra use rAnagRhake nikaTa jambhaka prAmame batalAte haiN| . ava bhagavAna mahAvIrane usa satya saMdezako, jise unhoMne bhagavAnake upadezakA DhaMga atyanta kaThina tapazcaryA ke bAda prApta kiyA . aura vhuprcaar| thA, prAkRta rUpameM sAre vizvako denA 1-mamanu0 pR. 110, va vIra bhA0 5 pR. 230-234 / 2-30 40.615 ! 3-cabhama040 239 /

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9.] au saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prArambha kara diyA thaa| unakA upadeza hitamita pUrNa zabdoM meM samasta jagatake jIvoMke liye kalyANakArI thaa| usa Adarza rUpa upadezako sunakara kisIkA hRdaya jarA bhI malina yA dukhita nahIM hotA thaa| balki usakA prabhAva yaha hotA thA ki prakRta jAti virodhI jIva bhI apane pArasparika vairabhAvako chor3a dete the| siMha aura bher3a, kuttA aura billI bar3e AnaMdase eka dusareke samIpa baiThe huye bhagavAnake divya saMdezako grahaNa karate the / pazuoMpara bhagavAnakA aisA prabhAva par3A ho, isa bAtako cupacApa grahaNa kara lenA isa jamAnemeM jarA kaThina kArya hai| kiMtu jo pazu vijJAnase paricita haiM aura pazuoMke manobala evaM zikSAoMko grahaNa karanekI sukSma zaktikI ora ninakA ghyAna gayA hai, vaha ukta prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezakA prabhAva una para par3A mAnane meM kucha acaraja nahIM kreNge| sacamuca vItarAga sarva hitaiSI athavA satya evaM premakI sAkSAta jItI jAgatI pratimAke nikaTa vizvapremakA AzcaryakArI kiMtu apUrva vAtAvaraNa upasthita honA, kucha bhI aprAkata dRSTi nahIM par3atA !. vizvakA utkRSTa kalyANa karaneke nimitta hI bhagavAnake tIrthakara padakA nirmANa huA thA ! 'lekina unhoMne apanA nirmANa siddha karaneke nimitta kabhI kisI prakArakA anucita prabhAva DAlanekI koziza nahIM kI aura na kabhI unhoMne kisIko mAcAra vicAra chor3akara apane dalameM mAneke lie pralobhita hI kiyaa| unakI upadeza paddhati zAMta, rucikara, duzmanoM ke diloMmeM bhI apanA asara paidA karanevAlI, marmasparzI aura sarala thii| sabase pahile unhoMne

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [91 isa bAtakI ghoSaNAkI ki jagatamA pratyeka prANI jo azAMti, ajJAna aura atyanta duHkhakI jvAlAmeM jala rahA hai, mere upadezase lAbha uThA saktA hai / ajJAnake cakra chaTapaTAtA huA pratyeka jIva cAhe vaha tithaMca ho cAhe manuSya, Arya ho cAhe mcheccha, brAhmaNa ho yA zUda, puruSa ho yA strI, mere dharmake udAra jhaNDe ke nIce A saktAhai / satyakA pratyeka icchuka mere pApta mAphara apanI AtmapipasAko bujhA sakA hai| isa ghoSaNAke pracArita hote hI hajAroM satyake bhUkhe prANI mahAvIrakI zaraNa meM Ane lge| mahAvIrajIkI mahAn udAra AtmAke nikaTa sabako sthAna mila gyaa| kavi samrAT sara ravindranAtha TAgora kahate haiM ki 'mahAvIrasvAmIne gaMbhIranAdase mokSamArgakA aisA saMdeza bhAratavarSameM phailAyA ki dharma mAtra sAmAjika rUr3hiyoM meM nahIM hai, kintu vaha vAstavika satya hai| saMpradAya vizeSake bAhirI kriyAkANDakA abhyAsa karanese mokSa prApta nahIM hosaktI; kintu vaha satya dharmake svarUpameM mAzraya lenese prApta hotI hai| dharmameM manuSya aura manuSyakA bheda sthAI nahIM raha saktA / kahate huye Azcarya hotA hai ki mahAvIrajIkI isa zikSAne samAnake hRdayameM baiThI huI bhedabhAvanAko zava naSTa kara diyA aura sAre dezako apane vaza kara liyA | isaprakAra bhagavAnakA 43 varSase 72 varSa takakA dIrgha jIvana' kevala loka kalyANake hitArtha vyatIta huA thaa| isa upadezakA pariNAma yaha nikalA thA ki (1) jAti-pAtikA jarA bhI bheda rakkhe vinA janatA haraeka manuSyako-cAhe vaha zUdra athavA ghora 1-caMbhama0 pR. 173 / 2-mama0pa0 271 / - -

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92] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mleccha ho-dharmasAdhana karane denekA pATha sIkha gii| use vizvAsa hogayA ki 'zreSThatAkA AdhAra janma nahIM balika guNa haiM, aura guNoMmeM bhI pavitra jIvanakI mahattA sthApita karanA / (2) purupoMka hI samAna striyoM ke vikAsake liye bhI vidyA aura bhAcAra mAnake dvAra khula gaye the | janatA mahilA-mahimAse bhalI bhAMti paricita hogaI thI / (3) bhagavAna ke divya upadezakA saMkalana lokabhASA arthAta ardhamAgadhI prArUtameM huA thA, jisase sAmAnya janatAmeM tatvajJAnakI bar3havArI aura vizvapremakI puNya bhAvanAkA udgama humA thaa| (4) aihika aura pAralaukika sukhake liye honevAle yajJa Adi karmakAMDoMkI apekSA saMyama tathA tapasyAke svAvalambI tathA puruSArthapradhAna mArgakI mahattA sthApita hogaI thI aura janatA ahiMsAdharmase prIti karane lagI thI; (6) aura 'tyAga evaM tapasyAke nAmarUpa zithilAcArake sthAnapara sacce tyAga aura saccI tapasyAkI pratiSThA karake bhogakI jagaha yogake mahatvakA vAyumaMDala cAroM ora utpanna hogayA thaa| isa viziSTa vAyumaMDala meM rahatI huI janatA 'bhanekAnta' aura 'sthAhAda' siddhAntako pAkara sAmpradAyika dveSa aura matabhedako bahuta kucha bhUla gaI thii| aise hI aura bhI aneka suyogya sudhAra usasamaya sAdhAraNa janatAmeM hogaye the / janatA Anandamagna thI ! , bhagavAna mahAvIrane z2ambhaka grAmake nikaTase apanA divyopadeza bhAvikAra prAraMbha kiyA thA aura phira samagra AryakhaMDameM aura dharmapracAra / unakA dharmapracAra aura vihAra huA thaa| sarva 1-camama0 pR0.177-178 . . . . .

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [93. [prathama unakA zubhAgamana magadharme rAjagRhake nikaTa vipulAcala parvatapara huA thA / yahA~para samrAT zreNika aura unake anya putroMne bhagavAnakI vizeSa bhakti kI thii| yahAMpara bhagavAnakA Agamana kaI daphe huA thA / rAjagRhameM abhinavazreSThone unakA vizeSa Adara kiyA thA / arjuna nAmaka eka mAlI bhI yahAM bhagavAnakI zaraNa meM mAyA thaa| arjuna apanI patnIke duzcaritrase bar3A kruddha hogayA thA aura usane kaI eka manuSyoM ke prANa bhI leliye the; kintu bhagavAna mahAvIranIke upadezako sunakara vaha bilakula zAMta hogayA aura sAdhu dazAmeM usane samatAbhAvase aneka upasarga sahe the; yaha zvetAMvara zAstra pragaTa karate haiM / jisa samaya rAnA zreNika vIra prabhUkI vaMdanAke liye samasta puravAsiyoM sameta jArahe the, usa samaya eka meMDhaka unake hAthIke pairase dabakara prANAMta kara gayA thaa| digambara zAstra kahate haiM ki vaha vIra prabhRkI bhakti ke prabhAvase marakara deva huA thaa| rAjagRhase bhagavAna zrAvastI gaye the| yaha AjIvika saMprakauzalameM vora prabhUkA dAyakA mukhya kendra thA, kintu taumI bhaga prabhAva / vAnakA yahAMpara bhI kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| usa samaya yahAMpara rAjA prasenanita athavA agnidatta rAjya karate the| unhoMne bhagavAnakA svAgata kiyA thA. jainoMkI mAnyatA unake nikaTa thI aura unakI rAnI mallikAne eka sabhAgRha banavAyA thA; jisameM brAhmaNa, jainI Adi paraspara tatvacarcA kiyA karate the| * 1-DijavA0 pR0 16 / 2-aMtagatadasAo, DijaivA0 pR. 96 / , i-AMka0 bhA0 3 pR. 288-293 / / 4-lAvabu0 pR0 116 // 5-nAva, pR .9 . . . .......

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94] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yaha ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatrI the / prasenajitakA putra vidugdha thA aura isake sAtha hI isa vaMzakA anta hogayA thA / kauzala usa samaya magadhake AdhIna thA / zrAvastIse bhagavAnane kauzala ke SaSTI Adi nagaroMmeM vihAra karake jJAnAmRtakI varSA kI thii| aura isa prakAra himAlayakI talahaTItaka ve divyadhaniko pradhvanita karate vicare the| ___ mithilAmeM: bhagavAnane apane sadupadezase janatAko hatArtha mizilA vaizAlI. va kiyA thA |vshaalii meM unakA zubhAgamana IcaMpA AdimeM jinendra vAra huA thA / rAjA ceTaka bhAdi pradhAna devakA dhmdhaap| puruSa unakI bhakti aura vinaya karane meM amaptara rahe the| vahAM AnaMda nAmaka zreSTI aura usakI patnI zivanaMdA gRhastha dharma pAlanemeM prasiddha the| inane mahAvIrajIke sanni. kaTa zrAvakake vArahavata grahaNa kiye the| polAzapurameM bhagavAnakA svAgata rAnA vinayasenane bar3e Adarase kiyA thaa| aimattA nAmaka unakA putra bhagavAnake caraNoM meM muni huA thA / aMgadezake adhipati kuNikane bhI caMpAmeM bhagavAna ke zubhAgamanapara apane ahobhAgya samajhe the| aura vaha bhagavAna ke sAtha kauzAMbItaka gayA thaa| campAke rAjA daSivAhana, zvetavAhana, athavA ghADIvAhana, jo vimalavAhana munirAjake nikaTa pahale hI saTha suzana / muni hogaye the, bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghameM seTha sudarzana / saMmilita huye the / inakI abhayA nAmaka rAnIne campAke prasiddha rAjaseTha sudarzanako mithyA doSa lagAyA thaa| kintu sudarzana nirdoSa - 1-bhama0 pR0 108 / 2-haoN0 pR0 39... 3-uda0 1-90 aura DijevA0 pR0 75|4-ddijvaa0 pR. 27 15-mama0 pR0 108 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [95 siddha huye the !* antataH sudarzana seThake sAtha hI yaha rAjA bhI jaina muni huye the / sudarzana seTha apane zIladharma ke liye bahu praDyAta haiN| inhoMne muktilAma kiyA thaa| rAnA dadhivAhana muni dazAne jama vIra saMghameM zAmila hogaye, taba ekadA vaha vipulAcala parvata para samozaraNake bAharI parakoTe meM dhyAnamagna the| usa samaya logoMke mukhase yaha sunakara unake pariNAma kada hocale the| aura unake kAraNa unakI AkRti bigar3I dikhAI par3atI thI, ki unake maMtrimaMDalane unake bAlaputrako dhokhA diyA hai| zreNika mahArAnane vIra pramuse yaha hAla mAnakara unako sanmArga sujhAyA thA aura isake bAda zIva hI vaha mukta hue the| isa ghaTanAke bAda hI zAyada magadha kA Adhipatya aMgadeza para hogayA thA | campAmeM bhainoMkA 'puNyama (puNyabhadra) caitya (maMdira) prasiddha thaa| yahAMpara eka prasiddha seTha kAmadevane bhagavAnase zrAvake bAraha vana grahaNa kiye the| isI vihArake madhya eka mamaya bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA samobanArasa meM bhagavAna zaraNa banArasa pahuMcA thaa| vahAMpara rAnA jita__ mhaaviir| zatrune unamA vizeSa Adara kiyA thaa| yahAMpara cUlAtIpiyA aura mugadeva nAmaka gRhasthoMne apanI apanI patniyoM sahita zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye the / yahAMke nitAri nAmaka rAjAkI putrI muNDikAko vRSabhazrI ArthiAne jenI banAyA thaa| * gajA dadhivAhana kA samaya bha. mahAvIra ke lagabhaga honeke kAraNa hI darzana seTho unakA samakAlIna likhA hai|| sudarzanacarita, pR0 1-10va hiva0 pR02|2-upu. 10 699 / 3-uda0 vyA0 2 / 4-360 603 / 5 pR04||

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96] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ___ banArasase anyatra vihAra karate hue ve kaliMgadezameM pahuMce vIra samozaraNa kaliGathe / vahAMpara rAnA siddhArtha ke bahanoI nita va vaGga aadimeN| zatrune bhagavAnakA khuba svAgata kiyA thA aura antameM vaha digambara muni ho mokSa gaye the| usa ora ke puNDU, baMga, taHmralipti Adi dezoMmeM vihAra karate hue bhagavAna kauzAMbI pahuMce the| kauzAMbIke nRpa zatAnIkane bhagavAnake upadezako vizeSa bhAva aura dhyAnase sunA thA, bhagavAnakI vaMdanA upAsanA vaDI vinayase kI thI aura anta meM vaha bhagavAna ke saMgha saMmilita hogayA thaa| unakA putra udayan vatsarAja rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| isa prakAra rAjagRha, kauzacI mAdikI ora dharmacakrakI pragati magadha AdimeM vizeSa rUpase huI thI / bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki dharma prcaar| usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra magadha va aMga Adi dezoMmeM khuba hI tattvajJAnakI unnati kara rahe the| ekadA vihAra karate hue bhagavAnakA samozaraNa pAJcAladezakI pAJcAlameM bhagavAnakA rAjadhAnI aura pUrva tIthakara zrI vimalanA prcaar| thanIke cAra kalyANakoMke pavitra sthAna kAMpityameM pahuMcA thA aura vahAM phira ekavAra dharmakI amoghavarSA hone lagI thii| usa samaya kundakoliya nAmaka eka zAstrajJa aura dharmAtmA zrAvaka yahAMpara thaa| yahIM par3osameM saMcAzya (saMkasA ) grAma bhI vizeSa prakhyAta thaa| bhagavAna vimalanAthajIkA kevalajJAna sthAnasaMbhavataH vahI 'aghahatiyA' (maghahatagrAma ) meM thaa| vahAMpara mAja 1-hari0 pU0 18 / 2-hari0 pR0 623 / 3-vIra varSa 30 370 / 4-bhama0 pR0 108 va upra0 pR0 * 634 / 5-mani0 mA0 1.pra. 216-uda0 vyA0 6:':- .. :: . .:..

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [97 'bhI jainoMkI prAcIna kIrtiyAM vizeSa milatI haiN| bauddha aura janoMmeM isa sthAnakI mAlikI para pahile jhagar3A bhI huA thA | usa samayake lagabhaga kAMpilyake rAjA dvimukha athavA jaya prakhyAta the / unake pAsa eka aipAta na thA ki usako sirapara dhAraNa karanese rAjAke do mukha dRSTi par3ate the ! isa tAjako unmainake rAjA pradyotane mAMgA thA / jayane isake badale meM pradyotase nalagiri hAthI, stha, va rAnI aura lohanaMgha lekhaka cAhA thA / haThAta donoM rAjAoMmeM yuddha chir3A, jisakA anta pArasparika premameM huA thaa| pradyotane madanamaMjarI nAmaka eka kanyA jaya rAjAse grahaNa kI thI aura vaha unako vApasa calA gayA thaa| rAjA jaya jaina muni huye the| zvetAmbara zAstroM meM unako pratyekavuddha likhA hai| kApilyase agADI bar3hakara bhagavAnakA samozaraNa usa samayakI uttaramathurA meM bhagavAnako eka prakhyAta nagarI sauradezako rAjadhAnI zubhAgamana / uttara mathurAmeM pahuMcA thaa| usa samaya 'bhI vahAMpara jainadharmakI gati thii| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAthanIke samaya kA banA huA eka sundara stUpa aura caityamaMdira vahAM maujUda thA / bhagavAna ke dharmopadezase vahAM 'satya' khUba prakAzamAna huA thaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki usa samaya mathurAmeM padmodaya rAjAke putra uditodaya rAjyAdhikArI the| bauddhazAstroM meM yahAMke nRpako "avantiputra" likhA / saMbhava hai ki donoM rAjakuloMmeM paraspara sambaMdha ho / uditodayakA rAnaseTha aIhAsa apane samyaktvake liye ___* vIra varSa 1 pR0 336 // 1-hiTe0 pR0 140 / 2-sako pR04| 3-hii0, pR0 185 / -

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98 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | prakhyAta thA / usIke saMsargase rAjA ko bhI jainadharma meM pratIta huI thI / maIdAsa seThane bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nikaTa se vrata niyama grahaNa kiye the / uttara mathurA ke samAna hI dakSiNa mathurAmeM bhI jainadharmakA astitva usa samaya vidyamAna thI / bhagavAnake nirvANoparAMta yahAM para guptAcArya ke AdhIna eka bar3A janasaMgha honekA ullekha milatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA bihAra dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI huA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM kAMcIpurakA rAjA vasupAla thA aura vaha saMbhavataH vIra prabhU / bhagavAnakA bhakta thA / (Aka0 bhA0 340 181) jisa samaya bhagavAna henAMgadezameM pahuMce the, usa samaya rAjA satyaM - dhara ke jIvaMvara rAjyAdhikArI the | hemAMgadeza mAnakala kA mahIsUra putra ! (Mysore) prAMtavartI deza anumAna kiyA gayA hai; kyoMki yahIM para sonekI khAne haiM, malaya parvavartI vana hai aura samudra nikaTa hai / hemAMgadeza ke viSaya meM yaha saca vAteM vizeSaNa rUpameM likhIM haiM / hemAMga dezakI rAjadhAnI rAjapura thI jisake nikaTa 'suramalaya nAmaka udyAna thA / bhagavAnakA samozaraNa isI udyAnameM avatarita huA thA | rAjA jIvaMdhara bhagavAna mahAvIrako apanI rAjadhAnI meM pAkara bar3A prasanna huA thA / antameM vaha apane putrako rAjA banAkara muni DhogayA thA | suna hokara vaha vIra saMghake sAtha rahA thA / jaba vIrasaMgha vihAra karatA huA uttarApathakI ora pahuMcA thA, taba jIvaMdhara munirAjane agraha kevalIrUpameM rAjagRha ke vipulAcala parvatase 1 1- kau0 pR0 6 / 2 - vIra 6 3 pR0 354 / 3- Aka0 bhA0 1 pR0 93 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [99 ThIka usa samaya nirvANalAma kiyA thA, jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra pAvAmeM mukta hue the| jainazAstroM meM inheM eka bar3A pratApI rAjA likhA hai| inane dakSiNake pallA mAdi dezoMke rAnAoM evaM uttarA pathake rAjAoMse bhI yuddha kiyA thaa| (upu0 e0 651-697) jaina kaviyoMne inake viSayameM aneka grantha likhe haiN| dakSiNa bhAratameM vicarate hae bhagavAnakA samozaraNa ujjaina ke nikaTa sthita suramya. dezakI podanapura nAmaka rAjadhAnI meM pahuMcA thaa| usa samaya yahA~kA rAjA vidvAna jainadharma bhakta thaa| podanapurase vIra pramUkA samozaraNa mAlavA aura rAjapUtAnAkI rAjapUtAnAmeM zrImahA- ora AyA thaa| jayapura rAjyAntargata mahA vIrakA vihAra / vIra ( paTauMdA ) sthAna bhagavAnakI punIti pAvana smRtikA vahAM thAna bhI pragaTa cinha hai| ujjainameM usa samaya rAjA candrapradyota rAjyAdhikArI the aura vaha jainadharmake premI the| unane kAlasaMdIva nAmaka upAdhyAyase mleccha bhASA sIkhI thii| kAlasaMdIva jaina muni hue the aura apane ziSya svetasaMdIva sahita vIrasaMghameM saMmilita hogaye the / ( mAka0 bhA0 310 110) bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANa samaya candrapradyotakA putra " pAlaka" rAjya siMhAsanapara baiThA thA / rAnA pradhotana jaina muni hogaye the| 'ujjainake samIpameM hI dazArNa deza thaa| isa samaya vahA~ke rAnA" dazaratha bhagavAna ke nikaTa sambandhI the; yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| unake rAjyake nikaTa jaba vIraprabhu pahuMce the, to yaha sambhava nahIM ki 1-jaipra0 pR0 221 / 2-Aka0 bha.0 3 pR0:5| 3-hariH pR0 12 (bhuumikaa)| - -

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200 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainadharmake premI yaha rAjA bhagavAnakA vizeSa svAgata karanemeM pIche rahe hoN| usasamaya mevAr3a prAMtameM sthita majjhimikA nagarI bhI bahu prakhyAt thii| vIra nirvANa saMvata 84 ke eka zilAlekhameM isa nagarIkA ullekha hai; usase pragaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA mAdara isa nagarake nivAsiyoMmeM khUba thaa| sArAMzataH jainadharmakI gati isa prAMtameM atyanta prAcInakAlase hai / uDamaina to jainoMkA mukhya hI kendra thaa| rAjapUtAnekI taraha gujarAtameM bhI jainadharmakA astitva prAcIna jAsatekAlase hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA samozameM vIra prabhUkA zaraNa dakSiNa prAMtakI ora hotA humA yahAM pavitra vihAra / bhI avazya pahuMcA thaa| isa vyAkhyAko puSTa karanevAle ullekha milate haiM / vAvIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAthanIkA nirvANasthAna isI prAMtameM hai| girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) ke rAjA jaina the, yaha jaina zAstroMse pragaTa hai| kacchadeza aura sindhulovIrake rAjA udAyana jainadharmake paramabhakta the yaha pahale likhA jA cukA / unakI rAjadhAnI rorukanagarameM bhagavAnakA samozaraNa pahuMcA thaa| roruka usa samaya eka prasiddha bandaragAha thaa| lATadezameM usasamaya jainadharmakA khUba pracAra thA / bhRgukacchameM rAnA vasupAla the| yahAM * 1-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR. 358-svayaM madhyamikAse prApta vi0 saM0 pUrvakI tIsarI zatAbdike AsapAsakI lipimeM aMkita lekhomese ekameM par3hA gayA hai ki "sarva bhUtoM (jIvoM)kI dayAke nimitt......vnvaayaa|" -yaha ullekha spaSTataH jainoMse sambandha rakhatA hai, baudroMse nahIM / kyoMki bauddhone saba bhUtoM (pRthvI jalAdi)meM jIva nahIM mAnA hai / dekho kaihida0 pR0 161 / 2-hari0 pR0 496 / 3-kaihii0 pR0 212 / -

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [101 - janadharmakI mahimA adhika thii| (AR0 bhA0 240 44) siMdhudeza, bihAra aura dharmapracAra karate huye bhagavAnakA zubhA; paMjAra aura mAzmIrameM gamana paMjAba aura kAzmIrameM bhI huA thaa| vIra-sandezakA gAMdhAradezakI rAjadhAnI takSazilAmeM bhagavA: praticApa / nakA samozaraNa khUba hI zobhA pAtA thaa| nAma bhI bahAera kaI bhAna jaina stupa maujUda haiN| (takSa0, 1072) vahIM nikaTameM koTerA grAmake pAsa bhagavAna ke zubhAgamanako sucita karanevAlA eka vaMza nainamaMdira aba bhI vidyamAna hai / jainadharmakI bAhulyatA yahAM khUba hogaI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki sikandara mahAnako yahAMpara digaMbara jaina muni eka bar3I saMkhyA mile the| ___phalataH bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA vihAra samagra bhAratameM humA samana bhAratameM vIraprabhA thaa| I0se pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM jaina dharmacakra prvrtn| dharma laMkA bhI pahuMca gayA thaa| mataeva isa samayase pahile jainadharma dakSiNa bhAratameM A gayA thA, yaha pragaTa hotA hai / janazAstra kahate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA samozaraNa dakSiNa prAntake vividha sthAnoMmeM pahuMcA thaa| Aja bhI kitane hI atizayakSetra isa vyAkhyAkA prakaTa samarthana karate haiN| zrI jinasenAcAryanIke kathanase bhagavAnakA samagra bhArata kiMvA anya mArya dezoMmeM vihAra karanA pragaTa hai| vaha likhate haiM ki "nisaprakAra mavyavatsala bhagavAna RSabhadevane pahile aneka dezoMmeM vihAra kara unheM dharmAtmA banAyA thA, usIpakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI madhyake (kAzI, kauzala, kauzalya, kusaMdhya, azvaSTa, sArava, trigata . .. -jAda pR0 682-683 / 2-lAma0 pR. 20 //

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102] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pAMcAla, bhadrakAra, pATacA, mauka, matsya, kanIya, saurasena evaM vRkArthaka) samudrataTake (kaliMga, kurunAMgala, kaikeya, Atreya, kAMboja, vAlhIka, yavanazruti, siMdhu, gAMdhAra, sauvIra, surabhIra, dazeruka, vADavAna, bhAradvAja aura kvAthatoya) aura uttara dizAke (tANa, kArNa, pracchAla Adi) dezoMmeM vihArakara unheM dhamakI ora Rju kiyA thaa|" zvetAmbarAnAyake 'kalpasUtra' graMthameM bhagavAna ke vihArakA ullekha zvetAmvara zAstroM meM cAturmAsoMke rUpameM kiyA hai| vahAM likhA hai cAturmAsa vrnnn| ki cAra caturmApta to bhagavAnane vaizAlI aura vaNiyagrAmameM vitAe the; caudaha rAjagRha aura nAlandAke nikaTavartameM, chai mithilAmeM; do bhadrikAmeM eka alabhIka meM; eka pANDabhUmimeM; eka zrAvastIma aura aMtima pAdApurameM pUrNa kiyA thaa| kintu digambarAnAyake zAstra isa kathanase sahamata nahIM hai| unakA kathana hai ki eka sarvajJa tIrthakarake liye 'caturmAsa' niyamako pAlana karanA bhAvazyaka nahIM hai / udhara zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM paraspara isa varNanameM matabheda hai| uparokta varNanase zAyada yaha khyAla ho ki bhagavAnakA vihAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA kevala bhAratavarSa meM huA thA; kintu yaha sukhadavihAra aura vide- mAnanA ThIka nahIM hogaa| jaina zAstra zoMmeM dhrmprcaar| spaSTa kahate haiM ki bhagavAnakA vihAra aura dharmapracAra samasta mAryakhaMDameM huA thaa| bharatakSetrake antargata AryakhaMDakA jo vistRta kSetraphala jaina zAstroMmeM batalAyA gayA hai, :- usako dekhate huye vartamAnakA upalabdha jagata usIke antargata siddha 1-hari0 pR0 18 /

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ANRAVANA M jJAnika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [103 hotA hai| zravaNabelagolAke mAnya paMDitAcArya zrI cArukIninI mahArAja evaM sva. paM. gopAladAsajI baraiyA prabhRti vidvAna bhI isa hI matakA poSaNa kara cuke haiN| ukta paMDitAcArya mahArAjA to kahanA thA ki dakSiNa bhAratameM karIba eka yA Der3ha hajAra varSa pahile bahutase nainI bharavadezase Akara base the| aba yadi vApara jaina dharmakA pracAra na huA hotA to vahAMpara bhaniyoMhA eka bar3I saMkhyA meM honA asaMbhava thaa| zrI ninasenAcaryajI mahArAjane jina dezoMmeM bhagavAnakA bihAra huA likhA hai, unamese yavanazruti, kAthatoya, surabhI, tArNa, kArNa Adi deza avazya hI bhArata ke bAhara sthita pratIta hote hai / isake atirikta prAcIna grIka (yUnAnI) vidvAn bhagavAna mahAvIranIke samayake lagabhaga jaina muniyoM kA astitva caikTriyA aura avIsiniyA vatalAte haiM / vilapharDa mAne 'zaMkara prAdurbhava' 1-pA0, pR. 156 / 2-airi0, bhA0 9 pR. 2831 3-yavana zruti pArasya athavA yUnAnakA vodhaka pratIta hotA hai / 4-kvAthatopa arthAt dasa samudra taTamA deza jinakA jala kvAthake samAna thaa| ataH isa pradezakA reTakI' (Red Sen) ke nikaTa honA ucita hai / usa samudrake kinAre vAle dezoM jaise abIsiniyA, araba AdimeM jaina dharmakA astitva milatA hai| dekho lAma0 pR0 18-19 va bhapA0 pR. 173-202 / 5-sarAmI deza saMbhavataH 'surabhi' nAmaka dezakA bodhaka hai, jo madhya aiziyAmeM kSIrasAgara (.Caspian Sea.) ke nikaTa akSama (Oxus ) nadIse uttarakI ora sthita thA / yaha Aja kala ke strIya (Khiva) prAntakA khanata athavA kharisma pradeza hai / dekho ihinA0 mA0 2 pR. 29 / 6-eime0 pR0 104 "Sarmanaeans were the pbilosopers of the Baktrians," a Hara go 903 (zramaNa jaina muniko kahate hai)|

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104] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nAmaka vaidika grandhake AdhArase jainoMkA ullekha kiyA hai| upameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvInI ina aMtima do nIdharoMcA ullekha 'jina' 'bhaIna athavA 'mahimana' ( mahAmAnya ) para huaa| ukta mAne likhA hai ki sAIna'ne cAroM ora vicAra kiyA thA aura unake caraNacidra dA dUra dezoM meM milane haiN| maMtrA, zyAma, mAdimeM ina caraNacinhoMkI pUjA bhI hotI hai| pArasya, siriyA (Srria) aura aiziyA bhavyameM 'mahimada (mahAmAnya-mahAvIrajI) ke mAraka milate haiN| mitro namanana' trenion) kI prasiddha mRti mahiman ' ( mahAmAnya ) kI pavitra smRti aura Airake liye nirmita huI thii| ataH ina ullekhoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAzakA bhAratevara dezoMmeM vihAra aura dharma pracAra AnA miha hai| jaina zAstroM meM kitane hI videzI pulAMcA varNana milatA hai. jinhoMne jainadharma dhAraNa triyA thaa| AIka nAmaka yadana athavA pAramyadezaH cAmI gajakumArakA uDekha ra hocudhA hai / usI taraha yUnAnI logoM (yevAoM) kA bhagavAna mahAvIrajokA makta honA praSTa hai| phaNika athavA paNika (Phonecin) dezake prasiddha vyApAriyoMmeM jainadharmakI pravRtti honeke cihna milate haiN| bhagavAnakA mamozaNa jisa samaya vahAM pahuMcA thA, usa samaya eka 'paNika vyApArI unale darzanoMko gayA thA | bhagavAnakA upadeza sunakara vaha prati. buddha huA thA aura jaina muni hokara vIra saMghake sAtha bhArata mAyA thaa| jisa samaya vaha gaMgAnadIko nAvapara baiThe huye pAra kara rahA 1-airi0 mA0 3, pR0 193-194 / 2-pA0 pR. 97-19 // 3-eri0 mA0 3, 196-199 / 4-bhapAH pR0 209-202 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [105 thA, usI samaya bar3e joroMkA AMdhI-pAnI AyA thA aura nAMvake 'havate 2 unane apane dhyAnavalase kevalajJAna vibhUtiko prApta karake mokSa sukha pAyA thaa| inake atirikta bhagavAnake bhakta vidyAdhara loga avazya hI videzoMke nivAsI the / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA upadeza saMpUrNa AryakhaNDameM huA thA, jo vartamAnakI upalabdha duniyAse kahIM jyAdA vistRta hai| jJAtaputra mahAvIrane ThIka tIsa varSataka cAroMora vihAra karake bhagavAna mahAvIrakA patitapAvana satyadharmakA saMdeza phailAyA thaa| upadeza arthAt satya sadAse hai aura vaisA hI rhegaa| jaindhrm| bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI usI sanAtana satyakA pratipAdana apane samayake dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvake anusAra kiyA thaa| unhoMne spaSTa prakaTa kara diyA thA ki kevala thothe kriyAkANDadvArA athavA vanavAsI jIvanameM mAtra jJAnakA mArAdhana karake koI bhI sacce sukhako nahIM pAsaktA hai| aura yaha prAkRta siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka prANI sukhakA bhUkhA hai| sAMsArika bhogopabhogakI salaunI sAmagrIko bhogate cale jAie kintu tRpti nahIM hotI hai / vAsanA aura tRSNA zAnta nahIM hotI, manuSya atRpta aura dukhI hI rahatA hai| phalataH bhogopabhogakI sAmagrI dvArA saccA sukha pAlenA masaMbhava hai| usako pAlene ke liye tyAgamaya jIvana athavA-nivRttimArgakA anusaraNa karanA mAvazyaka hai| bhagavAnane ucca svarase yahI kahA ki sukha bhogase nahIM yogase mila sakA hai| vAsanAkA kSaya huye binA-manupyako pUrNa aura akSayasukha nahIM hosaktA / tyAgamaI mA: bhA0 2 pR. 243 / '

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106] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sanyAsa jIvanameM bhI yadi vAsanA-tRptike sAdhana juTAye skve jAMye aura kevalajJAnakI ArAdhanAse avinAzI sukha pAlenekA prayatna kiyA jAya to usameM asaphalatAkA milanA hI saMbhava hai / tyAgI huye-ghara chor3A-strI putrase nAtA tor3A aura phira bhI nirliptabhAvakI Ar3a lekara vAsanA vaDhana sAmagrIko ikaTThA kara liyA, vAsanAko tRpta karane kA sAmAna juTAliyA, to phira vAstavika satyameM vizvAsa hI kahAM rahA ? yaha nizcaya hI zithila hogayA ki bhogase nahIM, yogase pUrNa aura akSaya sukha milatA hai| aura yaha harakoI jAnatA. hai ki kisI kAryako saphala banAne ke liye tahata vizvAsa hI mUla kAraNa hai| dRr3ha nizcaya athavA aTala vizvAsa phalakA denevAlA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane ina AvazyaktAoMko dekhakara hI aura unakA pratyakSa anubhava pAkara 'samyagdarzana' athavA yathArtha zraddhAko sacce sukhake mArga meM pramukha sthAna diyA thaa| kintu vaha yaha bhI jAnate the ki jisa prakAra korA karmakAMDa aura nirA jJAna icchita phala pAneke liye kAryakArI nahIM hai, usI prakAra mAtra zraddhAnase bhI kAma nahIM cala sktaa| isIliye inhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrakA yugapata honA akSaya aura pUrNa sukha pAneke liye Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| samyagdarzanako pAkara manuSyoMko nivRtti mArgameM dRr3ha zraddhA utpanna huI thii| vaha jAna gaye the ki yaha jagata anAdi nidhana' hai| jIva aura majIvakA lIlA-kSetra hai| yaha donoM dravya akratrima anaMta aura avinAzI haiM / anIvane jIvako apane prabhAvameM davA rakkhA hai| jIva zarIra bandhanameM par3A huA hai| vaha icchAoM aura

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [107. vAsanAoMkA gulAma bana rahA hai| jyoM jyoM vaha bhogavAsanAoMko tRpta karanekA prayatna karatA hai, vaise hI isake duHkha aura paTa adhika bar3hate haiM / eka mUkSma anIva padArtha, jisako 'karmavargaNA' (Karmic Molecules) kahate haiM, usake isa bhogaprayAsameM kaSAyodrekase Akapita hokara usameM eka kAla vizeSake liye sambaddha hojAtA hai aura . phira apanA sukha dukha rUpa phala dikhAkara vaha alaga hotA hai| isa Agamana kriyAko bhagavAnane 'mAnava' tatva batalAyA aura bandhana tathA rukane va vilaga honeke prayogako kramazaH "baMdha", "saMvara" aura "nirA" tattvake nAmase ullekha kiyA thaa| karmoke gAvAgamanakA yaha tAratamya usa samaya taka barAbara jArI rahatA hai, jabataka ki jIvAtmA icchAoM aura vAsanAoMse apanA piMDa chur3A nahIM letA hai| jipta samaya vaha bhogake sthAnapara yogakA mahatva samajha jAtA hai, usa samaya usakA jIvana eka naye DhaMgakA hojAtA hai / pahale jahAM vaha bhogavArtAoMko pramukhasthAna detA thA, vahAM aba vaha pada pada para saMyamI jIvana vitAnekI koziza karatA hai| vaha sacce sukhake sanAtana mArgapara AnAtA hai aura kramazaH icchAoM aura vAsanAoM kA pUrNa nirodha karake karmose apanA pIchA chur3A letA hai / basa, vaha mukta honAtA hai aura sadAke vAste pUrNa evaM akSaya mukhakA bhoktA bana jAtA hai| loga use pUrNatAkA Adarza mAnakara usakI upAsanA aura vinaya karate haiM / vaha jagatapUjya bana jAtA hai| aura siddha-buddha, saccidAnanda paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane isa sanAtana mArgakA pUrA 2 anusaraNa apane jIvana meM kiyA thA aura

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1.08] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vaha saphala huye the| triloka vaMdanIya paramAtmA kahakara bAna jagata unako namaskAra karatA hai| isapracAra bhagavAna mahAvIrane mokSamArgako nirdiSTa karate huye manupyokI svAdhInatAkA pATha par3hAyA thaa| unhoMne batalA diyA ki apane Apa para vizvAsa kro| aura saccI zraddhAke sAtha apane ApakA aura apane cahaMorake padArthoza yathArtha jJAna prApta kro| jisa samaya manuSyako sace jJAnakA bhAna ho jAyagA, vaha kabhI bhI asatpravRtti meM lIna nahIM hogaa| bhogavilAsa use nIrasa jaMceMge aura tyAgake kArya bar3e mIThe aura suhAvane / basa upakA cAritra yathArtha aura nirmala hogaa| bhagavAna yaha acchI taraha jAnate the ki manuSyamAtrake liye yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki vaha unake samAna hI ekadama rasIlI ramaNI aura rAjasI bhogasAmagrIko pairoMse TukarA kara nIrasayoga aura mahAna tyAgake bIhar3a magacA pathacara bana jaave| aura vaha yaha bhI samajhate the ki gRhanyajIvana meM nire yogakI zikSAse bhI kAma nahIM cala sakA hai| isIliye bhagavAnane do prakArake dharma mArgacA nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| pahalA mArga to una nisTahI sAdhuoMke liye batalAyA thA, jo usI bhavase mokSasukha pAneke lAlasI hoM aura dUsarA usIkA aparyAptarUpa gRhasthoM ke liye nirdiSTa kiyA thaa| donoM mArgavAloMke liye ahiMsA, satya, pacaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha vratoMkA pAlanA Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| sAdhuloga ina 'bratoMko pUrNarUpase pAlate haiM; kintu eka gRhastha inako eka deza ayota mAMzivarUpameM vyavahArameM lAtA hai| . . eka muni pratyeka dazAmeM mana vacana kAya pUrvaka pUrNa ahi

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [ 109 saka rhegaa| vaha apanI kSuSA aura tRSAkI nivRtta ke liye annajala bhI svataH grahaNa nahIM kregaa| yathAnAta nagnarUpameM rahakara zeSa vratoMkA evaM anya niyamoM aura tapa dhyAnakA abhyAsa kregaa| kintu isake pratikUla eka gRhastha kevala jAnabUjhakara kapAyake vaza hokara kisIke prANoMko por3A nahIM phuNcaayegaa| vaha gRhasthI jIvanako suvidhA pUrvaka vyatIta karaneke liye AjIvikA bhI karegAroTI pAnI bhI lAyagA aura banAyegA / adharmI aura atyAcArIke manyAyakA pratIkAra karaneke liye zastra-prayoga bhI kregaa| sArAMzataH usake liye hara hAlatameM pUrNa ahiMsaka rahanA asaMbhava hai| isaliye hI vaha ina vratoMko AMzikarUpameM hI pAla saktA hai; yadyapi vaha apane visAta pUrNa ahiMsaka bananekI hI koziza kregaa| yahI nahIM ki svayaM jIvita rahe aura anya prANiyoMko jIvita rahane de, kintu vaha anya prANiyoMko jIvita rahane dene meM apanI jAna bharasaka prayatna karegA, svayaM svAdhIna rahegA aura dUsaroMko bhI svataMtratAkA salaunA svAda lene degaa| matalaba yaha hai ki vaha saMsArameM zAMti aura premakA sAmrAjya phailAnemeM agrasara hogaa| ahiMsA ke sAtha anya vratoMkA bhI yathAzakti abhyAsa karegA / apanI icchAoM aura AvazyaktAoMko niyaMtrita aura kamatI karatA hamA, vaha Atmonnatike mArga agAr3I bar3ha jAyagA aura eka roma avazya hI pUrNa yogakA abhyApta karanemeM dattacitta huA milegaa| isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki vaha karmAko parAsta kara vijaya lAma karegA aura pUrNa sukhakA adhikArI bnegaa| usake abhyutthAna aura mAnaMdakI kuMnI usakI muTThImeM hai

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110] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / usako saMbhAle aura kAmameM le / vapta, mAnaMda hI AnaMda hai| yaha svAvalambI jIvanakA saMdeza bhagavAna mahAvIrane usa sama. yake logoMko batAyA thA aura isako sunakara unameM navasphUrti aura navajIvanakA saMcAra huA thA / yahI vijayamArga jainadharma hai| isameM kAyaratA aura bhIrutAko tanika bhI sthAna nahIM hai | bhagavAnane spaSTa kahA thA ki yadi tuma mere dharmameM zraddhA lAnA cAhate ho to pahale nizaGka hone kA abhyAsa karalo / yadi tuma nizaka nahIM ho, to vinayamArgapara tuma nahIM cala sakte / jainadharma tumhAre liye nahIM hai| vaha nizaGka vIroMkA hI dharma hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yaha upadeza jainadharmake purAtana rUparekhAse bhagavAna mahAvIra aura kucha bhI virodha nahIM rakhatA thaa| aisA hI avazeSa tiirthngkr| upadeza mahAvIranIse pahale huye teIsa tIrthakara eka dUsarese bilakula svAdhInarUpa vaijJAnika DhaMgapara apane samayakI AvazyaktAnusAra karate haiN| tIrthakara svayaMbuddha hote haiM aura vaha sarvajJa dazAmeM satya dharmakA prarUpaNa karate haiN| isaliye unake dvArA pratipAdita dharmameM paraspara kucha bhI virodha nahIM hotaa| vaha mUlameM sarvathA eka samAna hotA hai aura unakA vivecita saiddhAMtika aMza to pUrNataH kucha bhI parasparameM viparItatA nahIM rakhatA hai| vyavahAra cAritra sambandhI niyamoMmeM yaha avazya hai ki pratyeka tIrthaGkara apane samayAnukUla usako nirdiSTa karatA hai| isI kAraNa jaina zAstroMmeM kahA gayA hai ki-"anitase lekara pArzvanAtha paryaMta vAIsa tIrthakoM ne sAmAyika saMyamakA aura RSabhadeva tathA mahAvIra bhagabAnane 'chedopasthApanA saMyamakA upadeza diyA hai|

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [111 bhAva yaha hai ki Rbhadeva aura mahAvIra bhagavAnane sAmA'vikAdi pAMca prakArake cAritrakA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jisameM chedopasthApanAkI yahAM pradhAnatA hai / zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroMne kevala hI kevala sAmAyika cAritrakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa zAsana bhedakA kAraNa AcAryane batalAyA hai ki "pAMca mahAvratoM (chedopasthApanA ) kA kathana isa canahase kiyA gayA hai ki inake dvArA sAmAyikakA -dUsaroMko upadeza denA, svayaM anuSThAna karanA, Tathak 2 rUpase bhAvanAmeM lAnA sugama hojAtA hai | Adi tIrtha meM ziSya muzkilase zuddha kiye jAte haiM; kyoMki ve atizaya sarala svabhAva hote haiM / aura aMtima tIrtha meM zivyajana kaThinatAse nirvAha karate haiM; kyoMki ve atizaya vakra svabhAva hote haiN| sAtha hI ina donoM samayoMke ziSya spaSTa rUpase yogya ayogyako nahIM jAnate haiN| isaliye Adi aura anta tIrthoM meM isa chedopasthApanAke upadezakI jarUrata paidA huI hai / " isI prakAra RSabha aura mahAvIrajIke tIrthake logoMke liye aparAdhake hone aura na hone kI apekSA na karake pratikramaNa karanA anivArya hotA; kintu madhya bAIsa tIrthaMkaroMkA dharma aparAdhake honepara hI pratikramaNakA vidhAna karatA hai / isa taraha tIrthaMkaroMkA yaha zAsanabheda krapa, kSetra, kAla, bhAvake anusAra hai aura mUlabhAva meM paraspara kucha bhI virodha nahIM rakhatA / saba hI tIrthaMkaroMkA mahAn vyaktitva aura unakA dharma prAyaH eka samAna hotA hai / 1- mUlA0 7-32 / 2-mUlA0 7 / 125 - 129 vizeSake liye dekho jaina hitepI bhA0 12 aMka 7-8 /

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112] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhagavAna mahAvIrajI se zrI jJAtRputra mahAvIra DhAI sau varSa pahile huye the / unakA vaiyaH aura ktika aura pArasparika sambaMdha uparoktaH bhagavAna pArzvanAtha / ullekhake atirikta aura kucha bhI adhika dRSTi nahIM par3atA / kiMtu zvetAMvara zAstroMmeM unake aura mahAvIrajIke dharma meM kucha vizeSa antara batalAyA hai / zvetAMvara kahate haiM ki pArzvanAthajIne kevala cAra vratoMza hI nirUpaNa kiyA thA aura unake tIrtha sAdhu savastra rahate the / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne una cAra vratoM meM garbhita zIlavratako prathakrUpa dekara pAMca vratoMkA upadeza diyA aura unhoMne sAdhu jIvanako kaThina tapasyA se paripUrNa banAneke liye nagnatAkA vidhAna kiyA thA / zvetAMbaroMkA yaha kathana unake vizeSapramANika aura mUla AcArAMgAdi granthoM meM nahIM hai / aura yaha 1 anyathA bhI bAdhita hai| bauddha granthoMmeM avazya bhagavAna mahAvIrako 'cAturyAma saMvara' se veSTita batalAyA hai kintu vaha zvetAMbaroMke cAra vratoMke samAna nahIM hai / vaha ThIka vaisI hI cAra kriyAyeM haiM jaisI ki jaina sAdhuoMke liye di0 jaina granthoM meM milatI haiM / kintu hamArA anumAna .hai ki uparAMta IsavIkI chaThIM zatAbdimeM jaba zvetAMbara granthoM kA saMkalana huA thA, taba bauddha granthoMne jainoMke liye ' cAturyAma saMvara " . niyamakA prayoga dekhakara zvetAMbaroMne usakA sambaMdha pArzvanAthajI se baiThA diyA; kyoMki yaha to vidita hI hai ki zvetAMbara Agama 1 1-usU0 pR0 169-175 / 2- dIti0 bhA0 1 pR0 57-58 / 3- bhayabu0 pR0 222-227 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [113 AAAA granthoMmeM bahuta kucha bauddhoMke piTazcayake hI samAna aura sambhavataH unakA uddharaNa hai| DaoN. jaikobIne bhI bauddhoMke uparyukta cAturyAma saMvara niyamako bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA cAtuvaMta niyama pragaTa kiyA hai| jaise ki zvetAMbara batalAte haiM; kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA nirAdhAra hai| ataeva yaha ucita naMcatA hai ki bhagavAna pArdhanAthanI aura mahAvIragIke varmoM meM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA (paMca mahAvrata) rUpa pradhAnatAko pAjhara, zvetAMbaroMne pArzvanAthanI ke dharmameM cAra vrata aura mahAvIra bhagavAnake dharmameM paMcamahAvatoM kA honA pragaTa kara diyaa| vaise yathArthameM donoM hI tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmomeM vrata pAMca hI mAne gaye the| yahI hAla nagnatAke viSayameM hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIko athavA unake tIrthake muniyoM ko vastra dhAraNa karate hue batalAnA nirAdhAra hai| bauddha granthoMkhe yaha siddha hai ki pArzvanAtha nIke tIrthaka sAdhu nagna rahate the / aura muni bheSakA nagna honA prArUta samucita hai; jaise ki pahile pragaTa kiyA jAcukA hai aura jisase zvetAMvara zAstra bhI sahamata haiM / ataeva yaha kahanA ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane nagnatAkA pracAra kiyA, kucha bhI mahatva nahIM rkhtaa| kinhIM vidvAnoM kA yaha svayAla hai ki pArzvanAtha nIke dharmameM tAtvika siddhAMta pUrNataH nirdiSTa nahIM the| kintu yaha khayAla gaina mAnyatAke viruddha hai| jaina spaSTa kahate haiM ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke dharmameM bhI vaise hI tattva 1-Js. Pt., Intro. p. 23. 2-bhamabu0 pR. 224 / 3-bhamabu0 pR0 236-237 / 4-hipriiphi0 pR. 396...... -

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114] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura siddhAMta the, jaise ki anya tIrthadaroMke dharmomeM the aura nanoMkI isa mAnyatAko saba kaI vidvAn satya svIkAra kara cuke haiN| kinhIM vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajI jaina zrI mahAvIra na jainadharmake dharmake saMsthApaka haiM aura unhoMne hI saMsthApaka the aurana jaina jainadharmakA nIMvAropaNa vaidika dharmake dharma hindU dharmako virodha meM kiyA thA kiMtu unakA yaha mata zAkhA hai| nirmala hai| Ajase karIba do hajAra varSa pahaleke loga bhI bhagavAna RpabhanAtha nIkI vinaya karate the| aura una logoMne anya teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM nirmita kI thii| aba yadi jainadharma gaMgathApaka bhagavAna mahAvIrajI mAne jAveM, to koI kAraNa nahIM dikhatA ki itane prAcIna jamAne meM loga bhagavAna RSabhanAthako jainadharmakA pramukha samajhane aura unakI evaM unake bAda haye tIrthakSaroMkI mUrtiyAM banAte aura upAsanA karate. nimapara svayaM vaidika evaM bauddhagranthoM meM isa yugameM jainadharmake prathama pracAraka zrI RSabhadeva hI batAye gaye haiN| ___athaca noMke sukSma siddhAnta, jaise etrI, jala, agni AdimeM jIva batalAnA, aNu aura paramANuoM kA ati prAcIna para maulika evaM pUrNa varNana karanA, Adarza pUnA Adi aise niyama haiM jo jainadharmakA astitva eka bahuta hI prAcInakAla takameM siddha kara 1-bhapA0 pR. 385-388 / -DaoN0 glaiMsenAtha (Dev jainur smus). aura DaoN0 jAlakopanTiyara yaha svIkAra karate haiM (kehii. pR0 154ke usU0 bhUmikA pR0 21) 3-jaivioso bhA0 3 pR. 447 va jestU0 pR. 24...... 4-vaviojaismA0 pR. 88-100 / 5-bhAgavata .4.5 va bhapA0 bhUmikA / 6-pratazAca, vIra varSa 4 pR0 353 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [115 neko paryApta hai / ataH usakI sthApanA mAnase kevala DhAIhajAra carpa pahale bhagavAna mahAvIrajI dvArA huI mAnanA bilakula nirAdhAra hai|yhii bAta use vaidika dharmake virodharUpa pragaTa huA batAne meM hai| kisI bhI vaidikagraMthameM yaha likhA huA nahIM milatA ki jainadharmakA nikAsa vaidika dharmase huA thA / pratyuta donoM dharmoke siddhAntoMkI parampara tulanA karanese jainadharmakI prAcInatA vaidika dharmase adhika pramANita hotI hai| hinduoMke 'bhAgavata' meM RSabhadevanIko AThavAM avatAra mAnA hai aura bArahaveM avatAra vAmanakA ullekha vedoMmeM hai| mataH RSabhadevanI, moki noMke prathama tIrthakara haiM, kA samaya vedoMse bhI pahale ThaharatA hai / RSabhadevanIko vRpama aura AdinAtha bhI kahate haiM / Rgveda AdimeM vRSabha athavA RSabha nAmaka mahApuruSakA ullekha mAyA hai| yaha RSabha avazya hI jaina tIrthakara honA cAhiye kyoMki hindU pugaNakAroMke varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki hinduoMko mina apabhadevakA paricaya thA, vaha jaina tIrthakara the| ataeva jainadharmako vaidika dharmakI zAkhA kahanA kucha ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / katipaya hindU vidvAnoM bhI yahI mata hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA sambandha anya tIrthakarI aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA ghA~sa dekhakara hama apane prakRta viSayapara nirvaann| AjAte haiM / pahile likhA jAcukA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA vihAra samagra AyakhaMDa meM hogayA thaa| bhagavA 1-vizeSake liye 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha' nAmaka hamArI pustakakI bhUmikA dekhiye / 2-saje0 pR. 7-87. 3-bhAgavata 5 / 4-5-6. "ma0; hivi0 mA0 3 pR0 444. 4-higlI* pR0 75 va bhapA0 prastAvanA pu020-22. 5 vIra va 50 235 20 bhapA. prastAvanA. pR0 22. *

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wwwwwwwww 116] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nane apanI 42 varSakI avasthAse yaha dharma pracAra kAryaprArambha karake 72 varSakI avasthA taka bar3I saphalatAse kiyA thaa| jisa samaya bhagavAna 72 varSake huye, usa samaya unheM nirvANa lAbha huA thaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki bhagavAna vihAra karate huye pAvApura nagarameM pahuMce aura vahAMke 'manohara' nAmaka vanameM sarovara ke madhya mahAmaNiyoMko zilApara virAjamAna huye the| pAbAnagara dhana sampadAmeM bharapUra mallarAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI thii| usa samaya yahAM rAjA hastipAla the aura vaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake zubhAgamanakI vATa joha rahe the| apane nagarameM trailokya pUjya pramako yAkara vaha bar3e prasanna huye aura unane khUba utsava mnaayaa| kahate haiM ki bhagavAnakA yahAM hI antima upadeza humA thaa| antataH "vihAra chor3akara arthAt yoga nirodhakara nirjarAko bar3hAte huye ve do dina taka vahAM virAjamAna rahe aura phira zArtika kRSNa caturdazIkI rAtrike aMtima samayameM svAti nakSatra meM tIsare zukladhyAnameM tatpara hye| tadanantara tInoM yogoMko nirodhakAra samucchinna kriyA nAmake cauthe zukladhyAnakA Azraya unhoMne liyA aura cAroM aghAtiyA karmoko nAza kara zarIra rahita kevala guNarUpa hokara sabake dvArA vAnchanIya aisA mokSapada prApta jhiyA / re isa prakAra mokSapada pAkara ve ananta sukhacA upabhoga usI kSaNase karane lge| isa samaya bhI indroM aura devoMne mAnanda utsava manAyA thA !. sAre saMsAra, alaukika Ananda chA gayA thaa| aMdherI . rAta thI, to bhI eka apUrva prakAza cahuM ora phaila gayA thaa| 1-upu0 pR0 744 va suni0 10-88.2-apu0 pR0 744-745,

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [197 bhagavAnako nirvANa lAbha huA sunakara AsapAsa ke prasiddha rAnA loga bhI pAvApura ke udyAnameM pahuMce the aura vahAMpara dIpotsava manAyA thaa| 'ilpasUtra meM likhA hai ki " usa pavitra divasa jaba pUjyanIya zramaNa mahAvIra sarva sAMsArika duHkhoMse mukta hogae to zAzI aura kauzala ke 18 rAjAoMne, 9 mallarAjAoMne aura 9 licchivi rAjAoMne dIpotsava manAyA thaa| yaha proSadhakA dina thA aura unhoMne pahA-jJAnamaya prajJAza to lupta hocukA hai, Ao bhautika prakAzase jagatako daidIpyamAna banAveM / "" bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA nirvANa hogyaa| bhAratamese jJAnakA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAkSAt prakAza vilupta hogyaa| tatkAlIna pavina smaark| janatAne isa divya avasarakI pavitra smRtiko cirasthAI banAne meM kucha uThA na rakkhA / usane bhagavAna ke nirvANasthAnapara eka bhavya maMdira aura stupa bhI banAyA thA, jahAM Aja bhI bhagavAnake caraNa-cinha virAjamAna haiN| sAtha hI bhaktavatsala pramAne eka rASTrIya tyauhAra 'dIpotsava' athavA divAlIkI sRSTi ina mahApuruSake pAvana smArakarUpa kI thii| isa tyauhArako Aja bhI samasta bhAratIya pArasparika bheda-bhAvanAko bhUlakara eka-meka hojAte haiM aura premamaI divAlI manAte haiN| isake atirikta tatkAlIna nanatAne bhagavAna ke nirvANakAlase eka manda prArambha kiyA thA jaise ki bAlIgrAmase prApta aura ajamera ajAyabagharameM rakkhe haye vIra nirvANa saM0 84 ke prAcIna zilAlekhase pragaTa hai| janatAkI - . 1-Js. I,d. 266. 2-bhama0 pR0 190 / 3-hari0 19-330 va -21-66 / 4-bhama0 pR. 244-245 / -

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118] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | aTala bhakti itane meM hI samApta nahIM huI thii| usane bhagavAna ke divya saMdezako aura unake mahAn vyaktitva ke mahatvako cahuMora phailAneke liye ina bAtoMko citrabaddha ( Pictographic ) bhASAmeM prakaTa karanevAle sikke DhAle the / kinhIM vidvAnoMko saMzaya hai ki sikkoMkA sambandha zAyada hI dhArmika bAtoM se ho; kintu yaha bAta nahIM hai| Aja bhI hama kinhIM rAjAoMke pracalita sikkoMpara trizUla va gAyakA cinha dekhate haiM; jo unakI sAmpradAyikatA prakaTa karaneke liye paryApta haiM / prAcIna kAla ke rAjAoM ke bhI aise sikke mile 1 jinameM lakSmI, trizUla Adi dhArmika aura sAmpradAyika bhedako prakaTa karanevAle cinha haiM / phira usa samaya zAstrArthakA caileza deneke liye apanI mudrAyeM Adi rakhanekA rivAja thA / isa dazA meM unapara sAmpradAyika cinha honA anivArya thA / aura yaha bhI rivAja usa samaya thA ki vyApArI Adi loga apane nijI sikke DhAlate the;+ jinapara unake vaMzagata mAnyatAoM ke cihna honA ucita hI haiN| sacamuca bhArata meM ajJAta kAlase sAmpradAyika mahatva diyA jAtA rahA hai / jaina tIrthaMkaroMke cinha khAsa mUrtiyoM se bhI adhika mahatva rakhate haiM? aura unameM se ekAdha to itihAsAtItakAlake purAtattvameM milate haiN| aisI dazA meM aisA koI kAraNa nahIM, jisase kahA. jAsake ki vIraprabhuke upadezako prakaTa karanevAle sikke nahIM Dhale " ~. 1- bhUma0 pR0 245-246 va vIra varSa 3 pR0 442 va 467 / 2- bhAprArA0 bhA0 - 2 - sikkA: naM0, 25 / * uda0 6 / + repasana, iMDiyana kkAyansa, pR0 3 / 3-30 bhA0 9 pU0 138 / 4- prI0 hisTorIkala iMDiyA pR0 192-193 /

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zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [119 the| kitane hI upalabdha sikkoMse, jo bhagavAna ke samayase lekara AndhramAlatakake haiM, bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke dharmakA sambandha pragaTa hotA hai| ataH ina saba bAtoMko dekhate huye, yaha andAna sahana hI lagAyA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna ke nirvANa uparAnta unakA Adara janatAmeM vizeSa thaa| isa prakAra jJa tRvaMza kSatriyoM kA paricaya hai| bhAratIya itiuparAntake jJAta athavA hAsameM inakA mahattva kisa viziSTako liye nAtha ksstrii| huye hai, yaha batAnA vRthA hai | kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke uparAnta isa vaMzakA aura kucha vizeSa pari. caya hameM nahIM milatA hai| hAM, aba bhI pUrvIya bhAratakI ora eka nAyavaMzakA ullekha milatA hai| kiMtu mAlUma nahIM ki unakA saMbaMdha kisa vaMzase hai| I zrI kIra saMgha aura anya rAjA (I0 pU0 574-520) jisa samaya isa kalpakAlake ArambhameM! bhogamUmikA anta jainadharmameM saMgha " hogayA aura logoMko jIvana ke kartavyapatha saMsthAkI praaciintaa| para mArUr3ha honA par3A arthAt karmabhUmikA prAdurbhAva huA, to bhagavAna RSabhadevane tatkAlIna prajAko samyatAkI prAthamika zikSA dI thii| usI samaya gRhatyAga karake digambara bheSameM ghora tapazcaraNa karaneke uparAnta RSabhadevako kevalajJAnakI vimRti prApta huI thii| aura taba unhoMne samasta AryakhaMDa meM jaina

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120] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa ! dharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| unakI zaraNa meM aneka bhavya prANI bhAye the| koI muni huA thA, koI udAsIna zrAvakake vrata lekara bhagavAna ke sAtha rahane lagA thA aura koI mAtra amayata samyagdRSTI hogayA thaa| bhAratIya mahilAyeM apanI dhArmikatA ke liye prasiddha haiM / vaha bhI eka bar3I saMkhyA bhagavAnakI zaraNameM Akara Atma. kalyANake padhapara lagI thIM / isI samaya bhagavAnake tIrthameM prathama janasaMghakA nIMvAropaNa hA thaa| bhagavAna RSabhadevakI prAcInatA itihAsAtIta kAlameM hai jisakA patA lagAnA kaThina hai| ataH jainoM meM saMgha vyavasthA bhI kucha kama prAcIna nahIM hai| vIra azA usake udgama sahana patA pAlenA eka kaThina mahAvIra saMghameM kArya hai| to bhI bhagavAna RSabhadevake dvArA cAra aGga the| usakA prathama saMgaThana hA thaa| usake cAra aMga the; arthAt (1) muni, (2) AryikA, (3) zrAvaka aura (4) zrAvikA / isa prakArakI saMghavyavasthA pratyeka tIrthakarake samavazaraNameM rahI thI aura bhAvAna mahAvIranIkA saMgha bhI aisA hI thaa| vaha 'vIra-saMgha' athavA 'mahAvIra-saMgha ke nAmase prakhyAta thaa| usake bhI cAra aGga the| yadyapi zvetAmbara mAnAyakI mAnyatA aisI pragaTa hotI hai ki bhagavAna ke saMghameM kevala muni aura mAryikA sAtha rahate the| zrAvaka-zrAvikA to vaha dharmavatsala mahAnubhAva the, jo gharameM rahakara dharmArAdhana karate the| ( gihiNo gihimajjha vasantA) kintu yaha 1-saMjaii0 tRtIya pariccheda / 2-uda0 2 / 119 va dijai0 varSa 21 pR0 38 kintu unake kalpasUtrameM vIra saMgha cAroM aMga ginAye gaye hai (Js. pt. I.) aise hI zrI hemacandrAcArya bhI pragaTa karate hai| (niSasAda yathAsthAnaM saGghasvatracaturvidhaH / pari0 pa. 1) / - -- -

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AAAAAVAT zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raanaa| [111 mAnyanA bauddha graMthoMse bAdhita hai| unase yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki vIrasaMghameM muni AryikAoM ke sAtha ra zrAvaka-zrAvikA bhI the| yaha avazya hI gRhatyAgI udAsIna zrAvaka the; yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM inheM 'gihI odAta vasanA' 'muNDa sAvaka' aura 'ekazATaka nigantha' kahA digambara jaina zAstroMke anusAra gRhatyAgI zrAvakako zveta vastra dhAraNa karane, sira muMDA rakhane aura utkRSTa dazAmeM mAtra eka vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| diga0 jana zAstra bhI utkaSTa zrAvaka niyAthakA ullekha 'ekazATaka' nAmase karate haiN| ataeva vIra saMghameM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sAthara zrAvaka -zrAvikAoMkA saMmilita honA pramANita hai / __ . bauDa granthoMse yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA cIra sapanA saMgha usa samaya thA aura umameM gaNarUpa meda aura gaNadhara / bhI vidyamAna the kyoMki bauddha loga bhagavAna mahAvIrako saMgha aura gaNakA AcArya (niganTho nAtaputto saMghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAryoM ca....) batalAte haiN| jaina granthoMse bhI bhaga 1-dIni0 bhA0 3 pR0 117-118 yahAM bhagavAna ke nirvANa uparAnta nigraMtha muniyoMke paraspara vivAda karanekA ullekha hai; jise dekhakara saMghake zrAvaka (niganThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA ) dukhI huye the2-bhamabu0 pariziSTa pR0 208-210 'ekazATaka kA vyavahAra utkRSTa zrAvakake liye huA hai / bughoSa inheM eka vasadhArI, laMgoTI yA khaMDacelaghArI kahate hai:-"ekazATaka ti ekempa pilotika khanDena purato paticchAdAnakA |"-mnorthpuurinnii 350 156 | "pustAla lamvate dasA - divyAvadana pR0 370 (With hanging cloth). 3-sAgAraMdharmAmRta 30-48 / 4-AdipurANa 381150 va 3977 / 5-dIni0 bhAga 150 48-49 / -

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122] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| vAnake saMghameM gaNa bhedakA patA calatA hai| vIra saMghameM kula gyAraha gaNaghara the jinameM pramukha indrabhUti gautama the| zvetAMvara zAstroM ke anusAra yadyapi gaNaghara gyAraha the; parantu gaNa kucha nau the| yaha nauM vRnda athavA gaNa isa prakAra banAye gaye haiM: (1) prathama mukhya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama, gautama gotrake the aura unake gaNameM 500 zramaNa the| (2) dusare gaNadhara agnibhUti bhI gautama gotrake the| inake gaNameM bhI 500 muni the| (3) tIsare gaNaghara vAyubhUti, indrabhUti aura agnibhUtike bhAI the aura gautama gotrake the| inake AdhIna gaNameM bhI 500 muni the| (4) Aryavyakta cauthe gaNaghara bhAradvAja gotrake the| inake gaNameM bhI 500 zramaNa the| (5) agni vaizyAyana gotrake pAMcaveM gaNadhara sudharmAcArya ye, ninake..AdhIna 500 zramaNa the| . (6) maNDikaputra athavA maNDitaputra vaziSTa gotrake the aura 250 zramaNoMko dharma zikSA dete the| (7) mauryaputra kAzyapa gotrI bhI 260 muniyoMke gaNadhara the| (8) apita gautama gotrI aura haritAyana gotrake acala vrata donoM hI sAthara tInasau zramaNoM ko dharmajJAna arpaNa karate the| ..(9) maitreya aura prabhAsa kauMDinya gotrake the| donoM ke saMyukta gaNameM 300 muni the| 1-lAAma0 pR0 56 va kasu0 Js. I. 265.

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zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [123 'isaprakAra mahAvIrajIke gyAraha gaNaghara, nau vRnda aura 4200 vIrasaMghake mani- zramaNa mukhya the| isake sivAya aura bahutase yokI saMkhyA / zramaNa aura AnikAeM thIM, jinakI saMkhyA kamare caudahahanAra aura chattIsahamAra thii| zrAvakoMkI saMkhyA. 15000 thIM aura zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA 318000 thii|" digambara nAmnAyake graMthoM meM bhagavAna ke indrabhRti, agnibhUti vAyubhUti, zucidatta, sudharma, mAMDavya, mauryaputra, akaMpana, acala, medAya aura prabhAsa, ye gyAraha gaNadhara batAye gae haiN| ye samasta hI sAta prakArakI RddhiyoM se saMpanna aura dvAdazAke vettA the / gautama Adi pAMca gaNadharoMke mijhakara saba ziSya dazahajAra chato pacAsa aura pratyeka dohanAra ekasau gIta 2 the| chaThe aura sAtaveM gaNadharoMke milakara saba ziSya mAThasau pacAsa aura pratyekake cArasau paccIsa 2 the| zeSa cAra gaNagharoM se pratyekake chaipo. paccIsa 2 aura saba milakara DhAIhanAra the / saba milakara caudahahamAra the| ___ gaNoM ke atirikta bhAtmonnatike lihAnase yaha gaNanA isa-- prakAra thI, arthAt 1900 sAdhAraNa muniH 300 aMgapUrvadhArI muniH 1300 bhavadhijJAnadhArI muni, 900 RddhivikriyA yukta zramaNa, 500 cAra jJAnake dhArI; 700 kevalajJAnI; 900 anuttaravAdI / isa taraha bhI saba milakara 14000 muni the| -gama pR. 181 / 2-hari0 pR0 20 (sarga 3 zlo0 4046) 3-dari0 pR0 20 / Co - - - -

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124] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / indrabhUti gautama vIra saMgha pramukha gaNadhara the| zrI gautama pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti athavA gautama svAmojhe nAmase bhI inakI -gautama aura agnibhUti prasiddhi hai / ma0 gautama buddha aura gaNadhara va vAyubhUti / indrabhUtike gotra nAma 'gautama' kI apekSA kitane hI vidvAnoMne bhramameM par3akara donoM vyaktiyoMko eka mAnA hai aura bauddha dharmako jainadharmase nikalA huA batAyA hai| kintu vAstavameM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya ma gautama buddha, indrabhUti gautama aura nyAya sUtroMke kartA akSayapAda gautama tIna svataMtra vyakti the / unakA eka dusarese koI sambaMdha nahIM thA / indramRti gautamajhA janma magadhadezake 'govaragrAma meM huA thaa| inakA pitA gautama gotrI brAhmaNa vasubhUti athavA zAMDilya thA; jo eka suprasiddha dhanATya pratiSThita vidvAna aura apane gAMvakA mukhiyA thaa| aura sulakSaNA strIke udarase indrabhUtikA janma huA thA / iMdrabhUtike laghu bhrAtA agnibhUti bhI pRthvIke garbhase janme the; ina donoM bhAiyoMkA janma san I0ke prArambhase kramazaH 625 varSa aura 598 varSa pahale huA thaa| inakA tIsarA choTA bhAI vAyumRti thA jisakA janma vasubhUtikI dRmarI viduSI strI kezarIke udarase 3 varSa pazcAta arthAt san I0se 595 varSa pUrva humA thaa| yaha tInoM hI bhAI sabase pahale jainadharmameM dIkSita hokara vIra saMgha sarva prathama muni hue the aura tInoM hI gaNadharapadako suzobhita karate the| gauvaragrAmameM usa samaya prAyaH brAhmaNa loga hI vasate the aura unakA hI vahAMpara prAbalya thaa| kintu unameM gautamI brAhmaNa hI bala, vaibhava, aizvarya aura vidvattA mAdike kAraNa adhika

Page #147
zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [125 pratiSThita gine jAte the| isIliye isa grAmakA nAma 'brAhmaNa 'brAhmapurI' athavA 'gautamapurI' bhI prasiddha hogayA thaa| yaha tInoM hI bhAI vidyAke agAdha paMDita the| yaha kopa, vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaGkAra, tarka, jyotiSa, sAmudrika, vaidyaka aura vedavedAMgAdi par3hakara vidyAnipuNa hogae the / inakI vidvattA aura buddhimatAkI yAca khUba jama gaI thI aura inake guNoMkI loka-prasiddhi aisI huI ki dUra dUra tako vidyArthI vidyAdhyayana karaneke liye inake pAsa Ate the| 'sana I0 se 575 varSa pUrva mitI zrAvaNa kRSNa 2 ko indramati gautama yapanI lagabhaga 50 varSakI avasthAma, devendrake kauzala dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIrase zAstrArtha karaneke vicArase unake nikaTa pahuMce; jaba ki vIra prabhUko ukta mitIse 66 dina pUrva mitI vaizAkha zuklA 10ko kaivalyapada prApta hocukA thA; to bhagavAnake tapa, tena aura jJAnazaktise prabhAvita hokara turanta gRhastha. dazAko tyAga kara muni hogye| agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti bhI inake sAtha gaye the / ve bhI mune hogaye / apane guruoMko bhagavAnakI zaraNa meM pahuMcA dekhakara ina tInoM bhAiyoM ke pAMca sau se adhika ziSya bhI vIrasaMghameM sammilita hogaye the| indrabhUti gautamane jinadIkSAke sAtha hI usI dina pUrvAhameM nirmala pariNAmoM dvArA sAta RddhiyoM aura manaHparyaya jJAnako pA liyA thA tathA rAtrimeM unhoMne jinapatike mukhase nikale huye, padArthokA hai vistAra jisameM aise upAGga sahita dvAdazAGga zrutakI pada racanA kara lI thii| inakI kula Ayu 92 varSakI thI; . 1-vRjeza0 pR0 60-61 / 2-u0 pu0 pR0 616 /

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126 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | - jisameM lagabhaga 45 varSataka vaha munidazA meM rahe the' / vIra saMghake pramukha gaNAdhIza rUpameM inake dvArA jainadharmakA vizeSa vikAza huA thA / jisasamaya bhagavAna mahAvIrako nirvANa lAbha huA thA, upa samaya inheM kevalajJAna lakSmIkI prApti huI thI / imI kAraNa divAlIke roja gaNeza pUjAkA rivAja calA hai / vIra prabhRke uparAnta yahI saMghake nAyaka rahe the aura vIranirvANase cAravarSa bAda bhagavAna ke anugAmI huye the / I0 pUrva 533 meM inako vipulAcala = parvata para (rAjagRhI) se mokSa sukha prApta huA thA / cIna yAtrI huinasAMga ne bhI inakA ullekha bhagavAna ke gaNadhara rUpameM kiyA hai / agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti bhI dvAdazAMga ke vettA the aura inakI Ayu kramazaH 24 aura 70 varSakI thI / yaha bhI kevalI the, aura inheM bhagavAna ke jIvana meM hI mokSasukha milA thA / isaprakAra bhaga vAnake prAraMbhika ziSya athavA manuyAyI janmake nainI nahIM the; * pratyuta ve vaidikadharma se jainadharma meM dIkSita huye the / : | cauthe gaNadhara vyakta the / inako avyakta aura zuvidatta bhI cauthe gaNadhara kahate the | yaha bhAradvAja gotrI brahmaga the aura vyakta | jainadharma meM dIkSita huye the / kuNDagrAmaka pArzva meM sthita kollAga sanniveza meM eka dhanamitra nAmaka brAhmaNa thA / usakI bAhaNI nAmaka strIkI kokha se inakA janma hunA thA / inakI Ayu 80 varSakI thI aura inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke jIvanakAla meM hI nirvANapada pAyA thA / 1 - vRjeza0 pR0 7 / 2 - upu0 pR0 744 / 3 bhama0 pR0 115 / 4- vRjeza0 pR0 61 / 50 vRjeza0 pR0 7 /

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zrI vIra saMgha aura anya raajaa| [127 zrI sudharmAcArya pAMcave gaNadhara the| indrabhUti gautamake pazcAta marmAcArya aura inhoMne hI vIrasaMghakA netRtva bAraha varSajainadharma prcaar| taka grahaNa kiyA thaa| inake dvArA jaina dharmakA prabhAva khuba hI digantavyApI huA thaa| jisa samaya indramRti gautamako nirvANalAma huA thA, upa samaya inako kevalajJAnakI vibhUti milI thI aura jambUkumAra (mantima kevalI) zrutakevalajJAna prApta huA thaa| sudharma svAmo bhI brAhmaNa varNake the| inakA gotra agnivaizyAyana thaa| inake gotrakI apekSA hI bauddhoMne mahAvIrajIkA ullekha 'magnivaizyAyana' rUpameM kiyA hai| isa ullekhase yaha spaSTa hai ki vIra saMghameM yaha eka bar3e prabhAvazAlI aura prasiddha netA the| yaha 'lohArya' nAmase bhI vikhyAta the * inakA janma sthAna kollAga saniveza thA aura inake mAtA-pitAkA nAma kramazaH dhammila aura bhadrilA thaa| inako Ayu sau varSakI thI / muni jIvanameM inhoMne sAre bhAratavarSa vihAra kiyA thaa| puMDUvaInameM (baGgAlameM) inakA vihAra aura dharmapracAra vizeSa rUpameM huA thaa| __udezake dharmanagarameM usa samaya ganA yama rAjya karatA thaa| uDadezakA rAjA yama usakI dhanavatI nAmaka rAnIke udarase muni huA thaa| koNikA nAmakI eka anyA aura gaIma nAmaka eka putra thA / anya rAniyoMse isa rAnAke 500 putra aura the| zrI sudharmAcAryakA saMgha isa ganAkI rAjadhAnImeM pahuMcA / pahale to isane munisaMghakI avajJA ke'; kiMtu haThAt yaha pratibuddha ho 1-upu0 pra0 744 / 2-mamabu. pR0 23 / * jaisA saM0 bhA0 1.10.148 ! 3-vRjeza pR0 5 / 4-vIra vapaM. 3 pR. 370 / -

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128 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | jaina muni hogayA / 500 putra bhI apane pitA ke sAtha muni ho gaye / gardamane zrAvaka vrata grahaNa kiye aura vaha uDUdezakA rAjA huA isI prakAra kitane hI anya dezoM ke rAjAoM aura bhavya puruSoM ko sanmArgapara lAkara sudharmAsvAmI ne bhI mokSa prApta kiyA thA / is| samaya zrutakevalI jambUkumAra kevalajJAnI hue the / uThe gaNadhara maMDikaputra bhI brAhmaNa varNI the| inako maMDitaThe gaNadhara putra mauNDa athavA mAMDavya bhI kahate the / inakA 1 maNDilaputra | gotra vaziSTa thA aura yaha maurthyAsya nAmaka dezameM janme the / inake pitA brAhmaNa ghanadeva aura mAtA vijayA thI / inakI Ayu 83 varSakI thI aura inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvameM hI mokSalAbha kiyA thA 12 mauryaputra sAtaveM gaNadhara kazyapa gotrI the| inakA janma sthAna bhI mauryA dezameM thA aura inake pitAkA nAma mauryakathA | jaina zAstra inako bhI brAhmaNa batalAte haiM / kintu inakI janmabhUmi, inake pitA aura inakA nAma 'maurya:vAcI hai; jo kula pratyaya nAma pragaTa hotA hai / ubara mauryadezakI apekSA samrAT candraguptakA mauryakSa bhI honA pragaTa hai / sataH saMbhava hai yaha maurya putra bhI kSatrI hoM / inakA kAzyapagotra bhI isI cAtakA dyotaka haiM: kyoMki uparAntake jana lekhakoMne mauryoko sUryavaMzI likhA hai; jisameM kAzyapagotra milatA hai / jo ho, mauryaputra gaNadhara eka pratiThita puruSa the / unakI Ayu 99 varSakI thI aura unakA nirvANa / bhagavAnakI - jIvanAvasthA meM huA thA / 5 sAtaveM gaNadhara mauryaputra 1- mA0 bhA0 pR0 189 / 28 - jaize0 pR073 - nRjeza0 pR07|4-ksstriiklains0 205 / 5- rAi0 bhA0 1 pR. 60 / 6 brujaiza0 pu.

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w zrI vIra saMgha aura anya raanaa| [129 akampita AThaveM gaNadhara the, jinheM akampana bhI kahate haiM / akampita AThaveM yaha gautamagotrI brAhmaNa the| mithilApurI nivAsI gaNadhara the| vipradeva inake pitA the aura jayantI inakI mAtA thI / inakI Ayu 78 varSakI thI aura yaha bhagavAnake gamanake pahale hI nirvANa kara gaye the| kinhIM logoM kA anumAna hai ki rAjA ceTakake putra akampana hI, yaha gaNadhara the| na gaNadhara acalavana the| yaha dhavala aura acalabhrAta nAmase nave gaNadhara bhI paricita haiN| yaha bhI brAhmaNa the aura hritaaaclvRtt| panagotrake ratna the| inakA janma kauzalApurI vasu nAmaka brAhmaNake ghara usakI nandA nAmaka strIke udarase huA thaa| inakI mAyu 72 varSakI thii| jisa prakAra indrabhUti gautama aura sudharmAsvAmI ke atirikta avazeSa gaNadhara vIraprabhuke jIvanakAla meM hI mukta hogaye the; vaise hI yaha bhI vIraprabhuke samakSa mokSa pAgae the| yaha akampana gaNadharake sAtha2 chaupaccIla ziSyoM nAyaka the / dazaveM maitreya aura antimaprabhAsa kaunDinyagotrake brAhmaNa the| maitreya aura prabhAsa maitreyako metArya athavA medArya bhI kahate the| - gnndhr| yaha vatsadezameM tuMgikAvya grAmake nivAsI datta aura usakI bhAryA karuNAke suputra the| prabhAsa rAjagRhake nivAsI brAhmaNa balake gRhameM usakI strI bhadrAkI kokhase janme the| yaha donoM hI gaNadhara eka saMyukta gaNake nAyaka the aura inakI Ayu - 1-vRjeza0 pR0 5 / 2-jaipra0 pR0 227 / 3-vRjeza0 pR0 7 // 14-vRjeza?. pR1, . .. . . . . . . . . .

Page #152
130] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kramazaH sATha aura cAlIsa varSakI thii| inakI bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbhase pahile hI mukti hogaI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke ina pramukha sAdhu zipyoMke atirikta .. . aura bhI aneka vidvAn aura tejasvI munipuMgava cAripeNa muni / the jinake pavitra cAritrase jaina zAstra malaMchata haiM / inameM samrAT zreNi ke putra vAriSeNa vizeSa prakhyAta haiN| vAripeNanI yuvAvasthAse hI udAsInavRttike the| zrAvaka dazAmeM vaha niyamitarUpase aSTamI va catardazIke parvadinoMko upavAsa kiyA karate the aura rAtrike samaya nna pratimAyogameM smazAna mAdi ekAnta sthAnameM dhyAna kiyA karate the| isI taraha eka roja Apa dhyAnalIna the ki eka cora curAyA huA hAra inake paroMmeM DAlakara bhAga gyaa| pIchA karate huye kotavAlane inako giraphtAra kara liyaa| rAjA aNikane bhI putramohakI paravA na karake unako prANadaNDakA hukma sunA diyA; kintu apane puNyapratApase vaha baca gaye aura saMsArase vairAgyavAna hokA jhaTa digambara muni hogye| vaha khuba tapazcaraNa karate the aura yatratatra vihAra karate huye apane upadeza dvArA logoMko dharmameM dRr3ha karate the| isa sthitikaraNa dharma pAlana karanekI apekSA hI inakI prasiddhi vizeSa hai| ekadA yaha palAzakUTa nagara meM phuNce| vahAM inake upadezase zreNika maMtrIkA putra puSpaDAla muni hogbaa| puSpaDAla muni to hogayA; kintu usake hRdayameM apanI patnIna prema banA rhaa| kahate haiM, eka roja nimitta pAra vaha usako dekha ke liye cala par3A thA; kintu vAripeNa munine use dharmameM punaH sthira kara diyA thaa| puSpaDAlane prAyazcitapUrvaka yora tapazcaraNa jilA

Page #153
zrI vIra saMgha aura anya raajaa| [131 aura vaha mukta ho gyaa| muni vAripeNakA pavitra jIvana dharmase zithila hote huye manuSyoM ko punaH unake pUrvapada aura dharmapara le mAneke liye AdarzarUpa hai| zreNika mahArAjakA eka anya putra meghakumAra bhI jaina muni hogayA thA / * bauddha zAstroM meM bhI katipaya jaina muniyoM kA ullekha AyA hai; anya prasiddha kintu unakA patA mainasAhityameM prAyaH nahIM milatA jaina muni| hai / bauddhagraMtha 'majjhimanikAya' meM eka cUkasakalodAyo nAmaka jaina muniko paMca vratoM kA pratipAdana karate huye likhA hai| usI granthameM anyatra nigraMtha zramaNa dIvataparalI (dIrvatapasvI) kA ullekha hai| inhoMne ma0 gautamavuddhase tIna danDoM ( manadaNDa, vacanadaNDa aura kAyadaNDa ) para vArtAlApa kiyA thaa| isase inakA eka prabhAvazAlI muni honA prakaTa hai| suNakhatta nAmaka eka licchavirAjaputra bhI prasiddha jaina muni the| pahale yaha bauddha the; kintu unase sambandha tyAgakara yaha jaina muni hogaye the| saMbhavataH jaina munike kaThina jIvanase bhayabhIta hokara vaha phira ma buddhaka pAsa pahuMca gaye the; chintu ma buddha ke nikaTa unakI manastuSTi nahIM huI thI, imaliye unane phira pATikaputra nAmaka jaina munike nikaTa jaina dIkSA lelI thii| zrAvastI ke kula putra (Councillor's Son) marjuna bhI eka samaya jaina muni the aura abhayarAjakumArakA jaina muni honA, jana * *-bhama0 pR0 124-126 // 1-mani0 mA0 2 pR0,35-36|| 2-1ni0 bhA0 150 371-3871 3-AjI0 pR035|| 4-mamanu0 pR. 266 //

Page #154
132] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zAstroMse bhI prakaTa hai / kintu ina donoM muniyoM ke sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha bauddha hogaye the, so ThIka nahIM hai| yaha jaina mAnyatAke viruddha hai / sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA prabhAva ma0 buddha aura unake ziSyoMpara veDhaba par3A thaa| yahAMtaka ki vaha jaina muniyoMkI dekhAdekhI apanI pratiSTAke liye nanna bhI rahane lage the kyoMki usa samaya nayanA ( digambara bheSa ) kI mAnyatA vizeSa thii| vIrasaMghakA dUsarA aMga sAdhviyoM athavA AryikAoMkA thA / candanA Adi digambara jaina zAstroM meM inakI saMkhyA chattIsahajAra aaryikaayeN| batAI gaI hai| yaha viduSI mahilAyeM kevala eka sapheda sAr3Iko grahaNa kiye garmI aura jAr3ekI ghora parIpada sahana karatI huI apanA AtmakalyANa karatI thIM aura logoMko sanmArgapara lagAtI thiiN| vaha bhI muniyoM ke samAna hI kaThina vrata, saMyama aura bhAtmatamAdhikA abhyAsa karatI thiiN| sAMsArika pralobhana unake liye tuccha the| unake saMsargase ve alaga rahatI thiiN| ina mAryikAoMmeM sarvapramukha rAjA ceTakakI putrI rAjakumArI caMdanA thI; jisakA paricaya pahile likhA jAcukA hai / candanAkI mAmI yazasvatI mAvikA bhI vizeSa prakhyAt thii| caMdanAkI bahina jyeSThAne inhIMse nina dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| ina AryikAoMkA tyAgamaI jIvana pUrNa pavitratAmA Adarza thaa|ve bar3I jJAnavAna aura zAstroMkI 1-iMsejai0 pR0 36 / 2-iMai0 bhA0 9 pR0 162 / 3-bhama0 pR0 120 va hari0 pR. 579 meM 24000 vatAI hai| upu0 pR0 616 meM 36000 hai| -

Page #155
zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [133 paMDitA thiiN| bauddhazAstroMmeM bhI kaI jaina sAdhvIyoMkA ullekha milatA haiN| unake varNanase patA calatA hai ki usa samaya yaha jaina sAdhvIyAM dezameM cAroM ora vihAra karake dharmapracAra karatI thI aura logoMmeM jJAnakA prAza phailAtI thiiN| rAjagRhake rAjakoThArIkI putrI bhadrA kundalakesAkA jIvana isa vyAkhyAnakA sAkSI hai| vaha apane gRhastha jIvanase nirAza hokara AryikA hogaI thii| usane kezaloMca kiyA aura eka sAdar3I grahaNa karalI thI phira vaha cahuMora vihAra karane lagI thii| bar3e loga usake upadezase prabhAvita hote the aura vaha bar3e2 dharmAcAryoMse vAda bhI karatI thii| zrAvastImeM usane prasiddha bauddhAcArya sArIputtase vAda kiyA thaa| ataH usa samaya bhAratIya mahilAsamAjakI mahatvazAlI dazAkA sahana hI anumAna lagAyA jAsakA hai| bhAratIya mahilAoMko yaha gaurava bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyasaMdezase prApta huA thaa| jisako sunakara loga striyoMko heya dRSTise dekhanA bhUla gaye the| bhagavAnane vyaktivizepa athavA jAtivizeSako mAdarakA pAtra nahIM batAyA thaa| unhoMne guNavAnko hI punanIya ThaharAyA thaa| phira cAhe vaha strI ho athavA puruSa ! jainadharmameM pratyeka mAtmAko eka samAna kahA gayA hai| mahAvIrajIkA yaha vyakti svAtaMtryavAlA saMdeza usa samaya khuba hI janakalyANakA kAraNa huA thaa| vIrasaMghameM jitanA darnA eka munikA mAnA jAtA thA, mAryikAkA bhI upacArase utanA hI thaa| vaha bhI 'mahAvratI' kahI gaI hai| vaise ArthikAyeM pAMcaveM guNasthAnavI hI hotI haiN| 1-mama0 pR0 259-261 / 2-aSTapAhur3a pR0 73 / - - -

Page #156
234] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghakA tIsarA aMga udAsInavratI zrAvavratI zrAvaka aura koMse alaMkRta thaa| inakI saMkhyA digambara zrAvikA saMgha / maina zAstroM meM eka lAkha batAI gaI hai aura yaha zveta vastra dhAraNa karate the| ina zrAvakoMmeM mukhya sAMkhastaka the| inake viSayameM kucha vizeSa vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai| vaizAla.ke senApati siMha bhI unameM prakhyAta haiN| vaha saMbhavataH samrAT ceTakake putra the / unako jainadharmameM dRr3ha zraddhAna thA / muniyoMko AhAradAna va unakI vinaya vaha khuva kiyA karate the / ( bhamabu0 40 231 ) saMghake antima aMgameM tInalAkha zrAvikAyeM thiiN| yaha bhI vratI aura udAsIna thiiN| inameM mukhya sulsA aura revatI thiiN| bauddhazAstroM meM naMdotarA nAmaka eka jaina zrAvikAkA ullekha hai| jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina saMghameM jo zrAvikA thI, vaha avratI gRhastha zrAvikA oMke atirikta udAsIna gRhatyAgI brahmacAriNIM thiiN| jaina saMgha striyoMke liye AryikA aura udAsIna zrAvikAke darne niyukta the. jinameM sarvocca AryikA pada thA, yaha bhI bauddhazAstroMse siddha hai| uparokta udAsIna zrAvikA nandottarAko janma kauravoMke rAjyameM sthita kammAsadamma grAmake eka brAhmaNa kulamai huNA thaa| usane jainasaMghameM rahakara zikSA grahaNa kI thI aura antataH vaha unhIke saMghameM sammilita hogaI thii| vaha apanI vAdazaktike liye prakhyAt thI aura. sarvatra saMghasahitaM vihAra karake vAda karatI thii| bauddhAcArya mahAmaudlAyanaseM bhI usane zAstrArtha kiyA thaa| isI prakAra aura * bhama0 pR. 120 / 2-hari0 pR. 579. / 3-bhamapR 259-26 / bhamabu pR0 258 / '

Page #157
zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [135 bhI viduSI zrAvikAyeM jainadharmakA prabhAva digantavyApI banAtI aura prANImAtrake hitakAryameM saMlagna rahatI thiiN| ina vratI zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoMke atirikta bhagavAna mahAbhagavAna mahAvIrake vIrake aura bhI aneka bhakta the, jinameM anya bhaktajana deva bar3e bar3e rAjA aura seTha-sAhUkAra evaM deva aura rAjA aadi| devendra sammilita the| samrAT zreNika kSAyika samyagdRSTi the; kintu ve vratI zrAvaka nahIM the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI gaNanA zrAvakasaMghake pramukharUpameM nahIM kI gaI hai| jainadharmameM zraddhA rakhate huye aura usakI prabhAvanAke kArya karanevAle aneka rAnA the| kuNika ajAtazatruke rAjyakAlameM isI kAraNa jaina dharmakA vizeSa vikAza huA thA / videhadezastha videhanagarakA rAnA gopendra jainadharma prabhAvaka thaa| aise hI pallavadezakA rAjA dhanapatiH jisakI rAjadhAnI candrAmA nagarI thI; dakSiNakI kSemapurIkA rAjA narapatideva, madhyadezameM sthita hemAmAnagarIkA rAnA hadamitra, veNupadmanagarakA rAnA vasupAla aura iMsadvIpakA rAjA ratnacUla jainadharmake utkarSakA sadA hI dhyAna rakhate the| kaliGgadezake, dantapurake rAnA dharmaghoSa the aura bhantameM vaha digambara jaina muni hogaye the| maNivatadezameM dArAnagarake rAnA maNimAlI bhI jaina muni hokara dharmakA jayaghoSa karate haye vicare the| zvetapurake rAnA amalakalpa himAlayake uttarameM sthita TaMca 1-zreca0, pR0 327 / , 2-kaihii0 pR0 163 / 3-upu0 pR. 693 / 4 pra0 pR. 222-223. / 5-zeva: pR. 2.33.-235 / 6-preca0 0 240-254 /

Page #158
136] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mpAke zAlamahAzAla, hastizIrSake adinazatru; RSabhapurake dhanavAi; vIrapurake vIra kRSNamitra, vijayapurake rAjA vAsavadattA kanakapurake priyacaMdra; sAketapurake mitranaMdi; aura mahApurake bala rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIrake mitra the| podanapurake prasannacaMdra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samozaraNameM dIkSA le rAjarSi huye the', moriyagaNa rAjyake prakhyAt puruSa jainadharmake poSaka the| bhagavAna ke do gaNaghara isI dezake the| inake atirikta aneka videzI rAjA bhI bhagavAna ke bhakta the jinakA ullekha vidyAdhararUpameM huA hai| jipta samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA samozaraNa sammedazikhirapara virAjamAna tha; usa samaya bhUtilakanagarakA vidyAdhara rAnA hiraNyavarmA bhagavAnakI zaraNameM AyA thaa| isake pitA harivalane vipulamati nAmaka cAraNa munise digambarIya dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| isI prakAra anya kitane hI videzI logoMne jainadharma meM vizvAsa rakhakara AtmakalyANa kiyA thaa| rAjAoMke atirikta bahutase zrAvaka dhanasampadAmeM bharapUra avratI gRhastha zrAvaka prakhyAta seTha the| inameM ujjainIke dhanyaaura zrAvikAye vIra kumAra seThakA ullekha pahile kiyA jAcukA prabhUke ananya hai| unake viziSTaguNoM ko dekhakara zreNika bhaka the| mahArAjane unheM apanA jamAI banAyA thaa| isI taraha rAjagRhake seTha zAlibhadra the; jinhoMne videzoMse vyApAra karake khuba dhana saMcaya kiyA thA aura khUba dharmaprabhAvanA kI thii| usa samaya videhadeza apane vyApArake liye pramiddha thaa| vahAMke 1-eijai0 pR0 650 / 2-guvApari0 pR. 40 / 3-upu0 10 273 | 4-upu0 pR. 272 /

Page #159
zrI vIra- saMgha aura anya rAjA / [ 137 supratiSThanagara meM rAjA jayasenakA rAjya thA aura kuberadatta prakhyAt jaina seTha thA / isakI patnI dhanamitrA suzolA aura viduSI thI / supratiSTha nagara meM isane khuca caitya - caityAlaya banavAye the / sAgarasena 1 munirAja ke mukhase yaha jAnakara ki unake eka caramazarIrI putra hogA, vaha bar3e prasanna huye the | unane putrakA nAma prItaMkara rakkhA thA | prItiMkarako unane sAgarasena sunirAja ke supurda zikSA pAneke liye kSullakarUpameM kara diyA thA / sunirAja usako dhAnyapura ke nikaTa avasthita zikhibhUdhara parvataparake jaina muniyoMke Azrama meM legaye the aura vahAM daza varSameM use samasta zAstroMkA paMDita banA diyA thaa| prItiMkara apane ghara vApasa AyA aura avasara pAkara apane bhAI sahita samudrayAtrA dvArA dhana kamAne gayA thA / bhUtilaka nagarakI vidyAdhara rAjakumArIkI isane rakSA kI thI aura antameM usake sAtha isakA vivAha huA thA / bahuta dinoMtaka sukha bhogakara prItaMkara ne apane putra priyaMkarako dhana saMpadA supurda kI thI aura vaha rAjagRha meM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samIpa jaina -muni hogayA thaa| usa samaya bhAratake baMdaragAhoMmeM bhRgukaccha (bhaDauMca) khuba prakhyAt thii| dUra dUrake dezoMse yahAM nahAna AyA aura jAyA karate the| taba yahA~para vasupAla nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA aura jinadatta nAmaka eka prasiddha jaina seTha rahatA thA / yaha jainadharmakA paramabhakta thA / isakI strI jinadattAse isake nIlI nAmaka ekaM sundara kanyA thI / vahIMke eka bauddha seThane chalase nIlIke sAtha vivAha kara liyA thA | isa kAraNa pitA aura putrIko mAna 1-u0 pu0 pR0 720-735 | 2 - kehii0 pR0 312 /

Page #160
138] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sika duHkha huA thA / sArAMzataH usa samaya bhArata evaM videzoMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake bhakta ananya rAnA aura zreSThIputra vidyamAna the, jinake dvArA jainadharmakI prabhAvanA vizeSa hotI thii| jaina saMghameM zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoMko bhI phira cAhe ve vratI hoM yA avatI, jo mukhya sthAna milA huA thA; uptIke kAraNa jainadharmakI nIMva bhAratameM dRr3ha rahI aura ghoratama atyAcAroMke sahate huye bhI vaha sajIva hai| tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| (I0 pU0 600-700) koI bhI deza ho, yadi usake kisI vizeSa kAlakI sabhyatA bhAratako tatkAlIna rAja. aura sthitikA jJAna prApta karanA abhISTa naitika avsthaa| ho, to prAkRta usa dezakI usa samayakI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitiko nAna lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| jahAM usa dezakI ina saba dazAoMkA sajIva citra hamAre netroM ke agAr3I khiMca gayA; phira aisI kaunasI bAta bAkI rahI kahI jAsaktI hai; jisase tatkAlIna paristhitikA paricaya prApta na ho ? bhAratakI dazA bhagavAnake samaya kyA thI ? usakI samyatA usa samaya kisa avasthA para thI? ina praznoMkA yathArtha uttara pAneke liye zreSTha aura nirApada mArga yahI hai ki 1-jaismA0 pR0 21 / mme .--. - -

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [139 usa samayake bhAratakI rAjanetika sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitikA paryayalocana kara liyA nAve / vapta bhAratakI taba jo dazA' thI vaha spaSTa ho jAyagI aura usake sAtha jainadharma aura jaina samAnakA jo svarUpa usa samaya thA, vaha bhI prakaTa ho jaaygaa| mataH rAjanaitika viSaya meM to uparokta varNanase paryApta prakAza par3a cukA hai| usa samaya bhArata rAjanaitika rUpameM Anase kahIM adhika svAdhIna aura balavAna thaa| usakI rASTrIya dazA vizeSa unnatazIla aura samRddhizAlI thii| usa samaya yahAM eka samUcA rAjya nahIM thaa| bhArata choTera rAjyoM meM vibhakta thA, jinakI saMkhyA solaha thii| inameM koI to paramparINa sattAdhikArI rAjAoMke adhijhArameM the aura kinhIMkA zAsana prajAtaMtra praNAlIke DhaMgapara hotA. thA / prajAtaMtra praNAlI aisI utkRSTa dazAmeM thI ki Anake unnata. zIla prajAtaMtra rAjyoM ke liye vaha eka acchA khAsA Adarza hai| isa prakAra usa samayakI rAjanetika sthiti thii| Nika mahArAna mahAmaMDalezvara arthAta eka hajAra rAjAoM ke svAmI the| nisa dezakI rAjanaitika sthiti sucAru aura samRddhizAlI usa samayakI sAmA- ho, usakA samAna avazya hI unnatazIla jika dshaa| bhavasthAmeM hotA hai / aihika sukha sampanna dazAmeM vyakti svAtaMtrya bhAtmahitakI vAtoMkI ora logoM kA dhyAna khataH jAtA hai| usa samayakA bhAratIya samAna brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra vargAmeM vibhakta thaa| cANDAla AdimI the | bhagavAna 1-preca. pR0 339 /

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140] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mahAvIranIke janma honeke pahile hI brAhmaNa varNakI pradhAnatA thii| usane zeSa varNoke saba hI adhikAra hathiyA liye the / apaneko punavAnA aura apanA arthasAdhana karanA usakA mukhya dhyeya thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki usa samaya brAhmaNoMDe atirikta kisIko bhI dharmakArya aura vedapATha karanekI AjJA nahIM thii| brAhmaNetara varNoM ke loga nIce samajhe jAte the| zUdra aura striyoMko manuSya hI nahIM samajhA jAtA thA / kintu isa dazAse loga Uba cale-unheM manupyoMmeM pArasparika UMca nIcakA bheda akhara uThA / udhara itanemeM hI bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA dharmopadeza huA aura usase janatA acchI taraha samajha gaI ki manuSya manuSyameM prAkRta koI bheda nahIM hai| pratyeka manuSyako mAtma-svAtaMtrya prApta hai| kitane hI mata prarvataka inhIM bAtoMkA pracAra karaneke liye agADI aagye| jainI loga isa AndolanameM agrasara the| sAdhuoMkI bAta jAne dIjiye, zrAvaka taka logoMmeMse jAtimUr3hatA athavA jAti yA kulamadako dUra karaneke sAdhu prayatna karate the | rAstA calate eka zrAvakakA samAgama eka brAhmaNase hogayA / brAhmaNa apane jAtimadameM matta the; kintu zrAvakake yuktipUrNa vacanoMse unakA yaha nazA kAphUra hogyaa| vaha jAna gaye ki "manuNyake zarIrameM varNa AkRtike bheda dekhanemeM nahIM mAte haiM, jisase varNabheda ho; kyoMki brAhmaNa AdikA zUdrAdike sAtha bhI garbhAdhAna dekhane meM AtA hai| jaise gau, ghor3e AdikI jAtikA bheda pazuoMmeM hai, aisA / nAtibheda manuSyoMmeM nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi AkArabheda hotA to 1-bhama0 pR. 47-56 / 2-bhamavu0 pR. 15-17 / - - -

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti / [ 141 aisA bheda honA saMbhava thA / " ataH manuSyajAti eka hai| usameM jAti athavA kulakA abhimAna karanA vRthA hai / eka ucca varNI brAhmaNa bhI gomAMsa khAne aura vezyAgamana karane Adise patita ho saktA hai aura eka nIca gotrakA manuSya apane acche AcaraNa dvArA brAhmaNake guNoM ko pAsaktA hai| 1 bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ke divya saMdeza meM manuSyamAtra ke liye vyakti svAtaMtryakA mUla maMtra garbhita thA / bhagavAnane pratyeka manuSyakA AcaraNa hI usake nIca athavA uMcapanekA mUla kAraNa mAnA thaa| unane spaSTa kahA ki saMtAnakramase cale Aye huye jIvake AcaraNakI gotra saMjJA hai / jisakA UMcA AcaraNa hai usakA ucca gotra hai aura jisakA nIca AcaraNa ho, usakA nIca gotra hai| zUdra ho yA strI ho athavA cAhe jo ho guNakA pAtra hai, vahI pUjanIya | deha yA kulakI vaMdanA nahIM hotI aura na jAtiyuktako hI mAnyatA prApta hai / guNahInako kauna pUje aura pAne ? bhramaNa bhI guNoMse hotA hai aura zrAvaka bhI guNoMse hotA hai| mahAvIrajIke isa saMdeza se 1 - upu0 pa 74 0 491 - 495 | 2 - AdipurANa parva 38 loka 45 / 3-u0 pa 743lo0 490 / 4- amitagati zrAvakAcAra ilo0 30 pari017 va bhA0 pR0 49 / 5- tANakameNAgaya jIvavaraNassa godamidi saNNA udhaM nIMce caraNaM udhaM nIce have godaM // 6- zizu khayaM vA yadastu tattiSThatu tadA / guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca TinaM na ca vayaH // 7- vi deho dina Na vi ya kulo Na vi ya jAisaMjuto / ko vaMdami guNahINo Na hu sravaNo Neya sAvao hoI // 27 // - darzanapAhura | - gomahavAra /

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-149 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | janatAkI manamAnI murAda pUrI huI aura vaha apane jAti athavA kulamadako bhUla gaI thI ! taba bhArata meM vizvapremI puNyadhArAkA aTUTa pravAha huA / janatA guNoMkI upAsaka bana gii| brAhmaNa, kSatriya athavA vaizyatvakA use abhimAna tava jAti yA kulakI mAnyatA na hokara hI zeSa na rahA ! saba hI guNoMko pAkara zreSTa banane kI koziza karate the | dhanya- kumAra seThako dekhiye; unake guNoMkA Adara karake samrATa zreNikane apanI putrIkA vivAha unase kara diyA thA aura unheM rAjya dekara apane samAna rAjyAdhikArI banA diyA thA / yahI bAta inase pahale * guNoMkA Adara hotA thA / seTha bhaviSyadattake viSaya meM ghaTita huIM thI / vaha vaizyaputra hokara bhI rAjyAdhikArI huye the / hastinAgapura ke rAjasiMhAsanapara ArUr3ha hokara unhoMne prajAkA pAlana samucita rIti se kiyA thA | seTha prItiMkarako kSatrI rAjA jayasenane AdhA rAjya dekara rAjA banAyA thA | sArAMzataH svataMtra manveSaNake AdhArase vidvAnoMko yahI kahanA - par3A hai ki " usa samaya Uparake tIna varNa (brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya) - to vAstava meM mUlameM eka hI the; kyoMki rAjA, saradAra aura viprAdi tIsare vaizya varNake hI sadasya the; jinhoMne apaneko ucca sAmAjika - padapara sthApita kara liyA thA / vastutaH aise parivartana honA jarA kaThina the, parantu aise parivartanoMkA honA saMbhava thA / garIba manuSya rAjA - saradAra (Nobles) bana sakte the aura phira donoM hI brAhmaNa 1 - dhanyakumAra caritra dekho / 2 - bhaviSyadattacariva / 3 - upu0 parva -76, lo0 346-348

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| 243 hosakte the| aise parivartanoM ke aneka udAharaNa granthoMmeM milate haiN| isake atirikta brAhmaNoMke kriyAkAMDayukta evaM sarva prakArakI sAmAnika paristhitike puruSa striyoMke paraspara sambandhake bhI udAharaNa milate haiM aura yaha udAharaNa kevala ucca varNake hI puruSa aura nIca sanyAki sambandhake nahIM haiM, balki nIca puruSa aura ucca striyoM ke bhI hai|" sacamuca usa samaya vivAhakSetra ati vizAla thA / cAroM vidhAha kSetrako vargoM ke strI-puruSa sAnanda paraspara vivAha sambandha vizAlatA / karate the| itanA hI kyoM, mleccha aura vezyAoM Adise bhI vivAha hote the| rAjA zreNikane brAhmaNIse vivAha kiyA thA, jisake udarase mokSagAmI abhayakumAra nAmaka putra janmA thaa| vaizyaputra jIvaMdharakumArane kSatriya vidyAdhara garur3avegakI kanyA gandharvadattAko svayaMvarameM vINA banAkara pAsta kiyA aura vivAhA thaa| svayaMvaramaMDapameM kulIna akulInakA bhedabhAva nahIM thaa| videha dezake dharaNItilakA nagarake rAjA govindakI kanyAke svayaMvarameM uparake tIna varNAvAle puruSa Aye the| jIvaMdharakumArake yaha mAmA ye / jIvandharane caMdraka yaMtrako veSakara apane mAmAkI kanyAke sAtha pANigrahaNa kiyA thaa| pallavadezake gajAkI kanyAkA sarpaviSa dUra . 1-bui0 pR. 55-5912-pu0 parva 75 zlo0 29 / 3-upu0 parva 75 zro0 320-325 / 4-palyA vRNIte kavitaM svayaMtraggatAM vara * kulInamakulInaM yA mo nAsti svayaMvare // iri0.jildaaskRtH| 5-kSatracUr3AmaNikAvya laMca 10 zlo023-24 / .

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144 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | karake use bhI jIvaMgharane vyAhA thA / vaNikaputra prItaMkarakA vivAha rAjA jayasenakI putrI ke sAtha huA thA / vivAha sambandha karanemeM jisa prakAra varNabhedakA dhyAna nahIM rakkhA jAtA thA, vaise hI dharmavirodha bhI usameM bAdhaka nahIM thA / vasumitra zreSTho jaina the; kintu unakI patnI dhanazrI ajaina thii| sAketakA migAraseThI jaina thA kintu usake putra puNyavarddhanakA vivAha vauddha dharmAnuyAyI seTha dhanaMjayakI putrI vizAkhAse huA thA / samrAT zreNika ke pitA upazreNika ne apanA vivAha eka bhIlakanyAse kiyA thA / 3 bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANoparAnta nandarAjA mahAnaMdina jaina the / inakI rAniyoMmeM eka zUdrA bhI thI; jisase mahApadmakA janma huA thI / campAke zreSTI pAlita the / inane eka videzI kanyAse vivAha kiyA thaa| prItaMvara seTha jaba gaye the, to vahAMse eka rAjakanyAko le Aye the; jisake sAtha videza meM dhanopArjana ke liye unakA vivAha huA thA / isa kAlake pahale se hI pratiSThita jaina puruSa jaise cArudatta athavA nAgakumArake vivAha vezyA - putriyoMse huye the / sArAMzataH usa samaya vivAha sambandha karaneke liye koI I bandhana nahIM thA / suzIla aura guNavAn kanyA ke sAtha usake upayukta vara vivAha kara saktA thA | svayaMvarakI prathAke anusAra vivA - hako uttama samajhA jAtA thA / / 1 - kSAc0 laMba 5 zlo0 42 - 49 / 2 - upu0 parva 76 zlo0 346348 / 3-Aka0 bhA0 3 pR0 113 | 4- bhamanu0 pR0 252 / i 5, Aka0 bhA0 3 pR0 33 / 6 vIra varSa 5 pR0 388 / 7 -ulU0 ..... 21 / 8-u0 pu0 733 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti / [ 145 mahilAoM kA Adara aura pratiSThA bhI usa samaya kAphI thii| mahilAoMkI mahimA puruSa striyoMko apanI arddhAGgano samajhate aura pratiSThA / the aura unake sAtha bar3e saujanya aura premapUrvaka vyavahAra karate the / paradekA rivAja taba nahIM thA / striyAM bAhara nikalatIM aura zAstrArthaM taka karatIM thIM / rAjA siddhArtha jisa samaya rAjadaravAra meM the, usa samaya rAnI trizalA vahAM pahuMcI thiiN| rAjAne bar3e mAnase unako apane pAma rAjasiMhAsana para baiThAyA thA / aura anya rAjakAryako sthagita karake unake Agamana kA kAraNa jAnanA cAhA thA / puruSa striyoMse ucita parAmarza aura maMtraNA bhI karate the| jambUkumAra jisa samaya jaina dIkSA dhAraNa karaneko udyata huye the, usa samaya unakI navavivAhitA striyoMne khUba hI yuktipUrNa zabdoM dvArA unheM ghara meM rahakara viSayabhoga bhogane ke liye utmAhita kiyA thA | jambUkumArane bhI unake parAmarzako bar3e gaura se sunA thA aura unako sarvathA saMtuSTa karake vaha yogI huye the| unake sAtha unakI patniyAM bhI sAdhvI hogaI thiiN| sacamuca usa samaya striyoMko bhI dharmArAdhana karane kI pUrNa svataMtratA thI / gRhastha dazA meM ve bhagavAnakA pUjana arcana aura dAna athavA sAmAyika Adi dharma kArya karatIM thiiN| sAdhu saMgatikA lAbha uThAtI thIM / mathuga ke aIMdAsa seTane apanI striyoM sahita rAtri jAgaraNa karake bhagavAnakA pUjana-bhajana kiyA thA / striyoMkI aura unakI jo jJAnacarcA usa samaya huI thI, usako sunakara mathurAke rAjA evaM 'aMjana cora bhI pratibuddha hogaye the| sacamuca usa samayakI striyAM 1 - u0 pu0 pR0 605 -606 / 2-u0 pu0 pR0 702-704 / 3-0 pR0 5-147 | d

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146 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bar3I hI jJAnavatI aura viduSI hotIM thiiN| vaha zRGgAra karanA aura sundara vastra pahananA jAnatI thIM; kintu zRGgAra karanemeM hI tanmaya nahIM rahatI thiiN| vaha bAhya sundaratA ke sAtha apane hRdayako bhI acche guNoMse sundara banAtIM thiiN| vaha kanyAyeM yogya adhyApi - kAoM athavA sAdhvIyoMke samIpa rahakara samucita jJAna prApta karatIM thIM aura pratyeka viSayameM niSNAta vananekI ceSTA karatIM thIM / usa samayakI eka vezyA bhI bar3hattarakalA, causaTha guga aura aThAraha dezo bhASAoM meM pArAGgata hotI thI / ( vipAka sutra 1 - 3 ) vidyAkA bahuta pracAra thA | saMgIta jIvaMdharakumArane gaMdharvadattA Adi kumArikAoM ko vINA bajAnemeM parAsta karake vivAha kiyA thA / suramaMjarI aura guNamAlA nAmaka vaizya putriyAM vaidya vidyAkI jAnakAra thiiN| jIvaMgharakI mAtA mayU yaMtra nAmaka vAyuyAna meM ur3anA sIkhatI thiiN| brAhmaga kanyA naMdazrIne rAjA zreNikakI caturAIkI khAsI parIkSA lI thI / usa samaya par3ha likhakara acchI taraha hoziyAra ho jAnepara kanyAoM ke vivAha yuvAvasthA meM hote the / jabataka kanyAyeM yuvA nahIM ho letIM thIM, tabataka unakA vAgdAna honAnepara bhI vivAha nahIM hotA thA / kanakalatAko usake nirdiSTa patise isI kAraNa alaga rahane kI AjJA huI thii| bahudhA kanyAyeM varakI parIkSA karake, use yogya pAnepara apanA vivAha usake sAtha kara letIM thIM / yuvAvasthA meM vivAha hone se unakI saMtAna bhI balavAna aura dIrghajIvI hotI thI / yahI * Iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 26 / 1 - kSatracUDAmaNi kAvya va bhramapR0 127-134 // 2-30 pu0 pR0 6173-30 pu0 pR0 642 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [147 kAraNa hai ki taba vidhavAoM kA vilApa prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara sunaneko milatA thA / vidhavA huI striyAM, phira adhika samaya taka gRhasthImeM nahIM rahatI thIM / ve sAdhvI honAtI thIM athavA udAsIna zrAvikA rUpameM apanA jIvana bitAtI thiiN| unakA citta mAlA- . rika bhogopabhogakI ora AkRSTa nahIM hotA thaa| hAM, yadi bhAgyavazAt koI kumArI kanyA athavA vidhavA sanmArgase vicalita ho jAtI thI to usake sAtha ghRNAkA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| unheM saba hI dharmakArya karane kI svAdhInatA rahatI thii| caMpAnagarakI kanakalatAkA anucita sambaMdha eka yuvAse ho gayA thaa| isapara yadyapi ve lajita huye the; parantu unake dharmakAyo meM bAdhA nahIM AI thii| ve pati-patnIvat rahate huye, munidAna aura devapUjana karate the| isI taraha jyeSThA AryikAke bhRSTa hone para. use prAyazrita aura punaH dIkSA dekara zuddha kara liyA gayA thaa| mahilAyeM vipattimeM par3anepara bar3e sAhasase apane zodharmakI rakSA karatI thIM aura samAna bhI isI taraha pIDita huI kanyAkSA anAdara nahIM karatI thii| caMdanAkA udAharaNa spaSTa hai| mAgaMzataH bhagavAna mahAvIranIke samayameM mahilAoM kA jIvana vizeSa AdarapUrNa aura svAdhIna thaa| ___nisa deza athavA samAnakI striyAM viduSI aura jJAnavAna usa samayake aura aura hotI haiM, vahA~kA puruSa varga svabhAvataH 'parAkramI puruss| vidyApaTu aura vicakSaNa buddhivAlA hotA hai| 1-30.pu. pR0.653 / 2-Aka0 mA0 2.pR0 16. / 3.u. pu0 pR0 637 /

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148 / saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake samaya meM bhArata ke puruSa aise hI kalA kuzala vidvAn the / vaha loga bAlakako, jahAM vaha pAMca varSakA humA, vidyAdhyayana karane meM juTA dete the; kintu usa samayakI paThana pAThana praNAlI Aja se bilkula nirAlI thI / taba kisI eka nirNIta DhAMce par3he-likhe loga vidyAlayoMse nahIM nikAle jAteye aura na AjakalakI taraha 'skUla' athavA 'kAleja ' hI the / usa samayake vidvAn RSi hI bAlakoM kI zikSA dIkSAkA bhAra apane Upara lete the / sarva zAstroM aura kalAoM meM nipuNa ina RSiyoMke Azrama meM ' jAkara vidyArthI yuvAvasthAta zAstra aura zastravidyA meM niNAta ho vApisa apane ghara Ate the| takSazilA aura nAlaMdA ke vidyA Azrama prasiddha the / jaina suniyoMke Azrama bhI dezabhara meM phaile hue the / videha meM dhAnyapura ke samIpa zikhara bhUdhara parvataparake jaina Azrama meM protaMkara kumAra vidyAdhyayana karane gaye the / magadha dezameM RSi giripara bhI jaina muniyoM kI tapobhUmi thI / aise hI aneka sthAnoMpara AzramoMmeM upAdhyAya guru bAlakabAlikAoM ko samucita zikSA diyA karate the / vidyArthI pUrNa brahmacarya se rahate the jisake kAraNa unakA zarIra gaThana bhI khUba acchI taraha hotA thA / vidyAdhyayana kara cukane para yuvAvasthA meM yogya kanyAke sAtha vivAha hotA thA / kintu vivAha ke pahile hI yuvaka arthopAjaina ke kArya meM lagA diye jAte the| isake sAtha yaha bhI thA ki kaI yuvaka AtmakalyANa aura paropakAra ke bhAvase gRhasthAzrama meM Ate hI 1 - jaipra0 pR0 231 / 2-350 pR0 720 - 735 / 3 - mani0 bhA0 1 pR0 92-93 | 4-jaipra0 pR0 226-227 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [149 nathe / ve sAdhu hokara kalyANake kAryameM laga jAte the| saba loga apane 9 varNake uparyukta sAdhanoM dvArA hI AnIvikopArjana karate the| kintu aisA karate huye ve sacAI aura ImAnadArIko nahIM chor3ate the / lAkhoM karor3oM rupayoM kA vyApAra durarake dezoMse binA likhA par3hIke hotA thaa| videha vyApArakA kendra thaa| banArasa, rAjagRha, tAmralipti, vidizA, ujjainI, takSazilA mAdi nagara vyApArake liye prasiddha the| rauhAnagara, surapAraka ( sopArA bambaIke pAsa) bhRgukaccha (bhar3oMca) Adi nagara usa samayake prasiddha bandaragAha the| ina bandaragAha taka vyApArI loga apanA mAla aura sAmAna gAr3iyoM aura ghor3oMpara lAte the aura phira mahAnoM meM bharakara use videzoMmeM lenAte the / seTha zAlibhadra aura prItikara AdikI kathAbhoMmeM isakA acchA varNana milatA hai| usa samayake bhAratIya vyApArI laMkA, cIna, jAvA, vethIloniyA, mitha Adi dezoM meM vyApArake liye jAyA karate the aura khUba dhana kamAkara lauTate the| unake nijI jahAna the aura ve maNi evaM maMtrakA bhI prayoga karanA jAnate the| saMtAnako acche saMmhAroMme saMskRta karane kA rivAja bhI cAlU thaa| garIba aura amIra sApArika kAryoko karate huye bhagavadbhanana aura jApa sAmAyika karanA nahIM bhUlate the| rAnA ceTaka yuddhasthalameM minendra pratimAke . samakSa pUnA karate the| kiMtu vratoMko pAlate huye bhI loga duSTakA 1-mayA0 pR. 38-46 / 2-kaihi I0 pR0 212 va jarAeso 1927 pR015| 3-eri0 bhA09 pR. 41-46 // 4-ihikA0 bhA0 pR0-613-696 6 mA0 2 pR0 38-42. 5-apra0 pR0 230 / .. 6-jaipra0 pR0 228 / 7-jama0 pR0 228 -

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150] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nigraha karanese nahIM cUkate the / rAjAoMkA to yaha kartavya hI thA; kiMtu vaNika loga bhI zastravidyAmeM nipuNa hote the aura vakta par3anepara usase kAma lenA jAnate the|' prItikarane bhImadeva nAmaka vidyAdharako parAsta karake rAjakanyAkI rakSA kI thii| sacamuca usa samayake puruSa puruSArthI the aura unake zilpa kArya bhI anUThe hote the| sAtara maMjilake makAna banate the aura unakI kArIgarI dekhate hI banatI thii| soneke ratha aura ambAriyAM darzanIya the| unake ghor3e aura hAthiyoM kI senA jisa samaya sajaghanake nikalatI thI, to devendrakA dala phIkA par3A najara par3atA thaa| usa samayake catya aura mUrtiyAM adbhuta hotI thIM / unake ekAdha namUne Aja bhI dekhaneko milate haiN| loga bar3e puruSArthI, dAnI aura dharmAtmA the| sArAMzataH usa samayakI sAmAjika sthiti Ajase kahIM jyAdA acchI aura udAra thii| . ___ usa udAra sAmAjika sthitimeM rahate huye, bhAratIya apanI dhArmika sthiti| ... dhArmika pravRttimeM bhI utkRSTatAko pAcuke the| jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA janma bhI nahIM thA, usake pahilese hI yahAM vaidika kriyAkANDakI bAhulyatA thI / dharmake nAmapara nirmuka aura niraparAdha jIvoMkI hatyA karake yajJa-vaidiyAM raktaraMjita kI jAtI thiiN| kalpita svargasukhake lAla cameM itara samAna brAhmaNoMke hAthakI kaThaputalI bana rahA thaa| unheM na bolanekI svAdhInatA thI aura na jJAna kAma karanekI khulI mAjJA ! -jaipra0 pR0 229 / 2-bhame0 pR0 58 // 3-upu0 pR0 750 / 4-mama0 pR0 52-56 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [151 kiMtu yaha 'pomaDama' adhika dinoMtaka nahIM cala sakA, yaha hama dekha cuke haiM aura jAnate haiN| bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI ke sadupadezase mAnavoMko jJAna netra mila gaye the| anekoM mata pravartaka hara kisI jAtimese magAr3I bhAkara vinA kisI bheda bhAvake pracalita dhArmika kriyAkANDake virovameM apanA jhaMDA phaharAte vicara rahe the| zAsaka samudAya ina logoMko mAzraya dene meM saMkoca nahIM karatA thaa| phira isI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha kA janma huaa| logoMke bhAgya khula gaye | Atma-svAtaMtryakA yuga pravarta gyaa| donoM mahApuruSoMne vaidika karmakANDakI asAratA aura usakA ghora hiMsaka aura bhayAvaha rUpa prakaTa kara diyaa| jaina granthoM meM kaI sthaloMpara aise ullekha milate haiM, jinameM mainoMne logoMke hRdayoMpara yajJameM honevAlI hiMsAkA krUra pariNAma aMkita karake unheM mahiMsAmArgI banA diyA thaa| sAtha hI usa samaya vRkSoMkI panA aura gaMgA nadiyoM meM snAna athavA nAti aura kulako dharmakA kAraNa mAnanA puNyakarma samajhe jAte the| jaina zikSakoMne bar3I sarala rItise inakA bhI nirAkaraNa kara diyA thA; nisakA prabhAva janatApara kAphI par3A thaa| vaha bar3I hI sugamatAse apanI mUla samajha sakI thii| isa sabakA pariNAma yaha huA ki ahiMsAkI dundubhi cahuora banane lagI aura mahAvIra svAmI ke jayaghopake ninAdase AkAza guMja gayA / 1-mamanu0 pR. 14-17 / 2-praca0 pR0 335-336 va usU0 35. (. Pt. II. pp. 139-140) 3-zreca0 pR0 332-338 ba upu0 pR0 624-626 /

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152] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainadharma jaisA Aja mila rahA hai, upakA ThIka vaisA hI rUpa tada aura avakA uma samaya thA, yaha mAna lenA jarA kaThina hai; ___ jainadharma! kyoMki jaba isI jamAneke kiptI mataprarvatakake siddhAnta ThIka se nahIM rahate, jaise vaha banAtA hai taba yaha kaise saMbhava hai ki DhAI hajAra varSa pahile pratipAdita huA dharma Ana jyoMDA tyoM mila sake ! kintu itanI bAta niHsandeha satya hai ki jainadharmake dArzanika aura saiddhAMtika rUpameM bilkula hI nahIM, kucha mantara par3A hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jainadharma eka vaijJAnika dharma hai / vijJAna satya hai / vaha jaisA hai vaisA hamezA rahatA hai / isI liye jainadharmakA dArzanika rUpa Aja bhI Thoka vaisA hI milatA hai, jaisA use bhagavAna mahAvIrane batalAyA thaa| isakA samarthana bauddha granthoMse hotA hai| jahAM jainoMke prAcIna dArzanika miDAMta ThIka vaise pratipAdita huye haiM, jaise Aja milate haiN| aura isaprakAra yaha kahA jAsaktA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla dharmasiddhAMta Aja bhI avikRtarUpameM mila rahe haiM-sirpha antara yadi hai to unake dvArA batAye hue karmakAMDa athavA cAritra sambaMdhI niyamoM meM hai / ataH usa samayake dhArmika kriyAkAMDapara eka najara DAla lenA ucita hai| pahele hI munidharmako le liijiye| isa mamaya yaha matabheda usa samayakA hai ki jaina munikA bheSa mUlameM nagna thA athavA munidhrm| vastramaya bhI thA; kiMtu bauddhazAstroM ke AdhArase yaha pragaTa kiyA jAcukA hai ki jaina muni nagna bheSameM rahate the aura . unakI kriyAyeM prAyaH vaisI hI thI sI ki Aja digambara jaina 1-bhamabu pR. 117-270 / - - -

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [153 muniyoMkI milatI haiN| vaha dAtArake ghara jAkara jo zuddha AhAra vidhipUrvaka milatA thA, usako grahaNa kara lete the| yaha bAta nahIM thI ki vaha bhikSA mAMgakara upAzrayameM le Akara use makSaNa karate hoN| bhAjIvika sAdhu aisA karate the| isI kAraNa zvetAMbaroMne unapara AkSepa kiyA hai| eka bAta aura hai ki usa samaya munidharma pAlana karane kA dvAra pratyeka vyaktike liye khulA huA thaa| cora, DAkU, vyabhicArI, patita ityAdi puruSa bhI muni hokara AtmakalyANa kara sakte the| ananacorakI kathA prasiddha hai-vaha muni huA thaa| sUradatta DAkU muni hokara muktadhAmakA bAsI huA thaa| sAtyaki vyabhicAra kara cuknepara punaH dIkSita ho muni hogaye the / vyabhicArajAta rudra muni gyAraha AchA pAThI vidvAn sAdhu thaa| aise hI udAharaNa aura bhI ginAye jAsakte haiM, kiMtu yahI paryApta haiM / isa udAratAke sAtha usa samaya jaina muniyoMmeM yaha vizeSatA aura thI ki vaha aSTamI aura caturdazI ityAdi parvake dinoM meM bAjAra ke caurAhoMpara khar3e hokara jainadharmakA pracAra karate the aura mumukSuoMkI zakAoMkA samAdhAna karake unako jainadharmameM dIkSita karate the| isa kriyA dvArA unake anekoM ziSya hote the / ina nava dIkSita janoMke yahAM vaha AhAra lene meM bhI saMkoca nahIM karate the| maktAmaracarita kAvya 21 kI kathAse yaha spaSTa hai| upta samayake muni bar3e 1-mamabu0 pR. 54-65 ||2-auppaatik sUtra 120 / 3-Aka0 mA0 1 pR. 74 / 4-Aka0 bhA0 1 pR0 155 / 5-Aka0 bhA0 2 pR0 100-101|6-mmvu 10 240 va vinayapiTaka / 7-jaipra0 puM0 240 /

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154 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vidvAn aura sarvathA araNya meM rahakara jJAna dhyAnameM lIna rahate the / isa prakAra usa samayakA munidharma thA / muniyoMkI taraha ArthikAoMkI bhI usa samaya bAhulyatA thI; usa samayako Arthi. yaha gArthikAyeM bhI jainadharma pracAra meM bar3I kAoMkA dharma / sahAyaka thIM / garIba aura amIra-sarAya aura mahala sabameM inakI pahuMca thI / banArasa ke rAjA jitArikI rAjakanyA muNDikAko vRSabhazrI AryikAne zrAvikA banAyA thI / rAjagRhake koThArI kI putrI bhadrAkundalakezAne apanA vivAha vipra putra satyuka ke sAtha kiyA thA; jise DakaitI ke liye rAjadaMDa mila cukA thA / satthUka bhadrAse itanA prema nahIM karatA thA, jitanA ki vaha usake gahanoM ko cAhatA thA, bhadrA usake isa vyavahArase bar3I dukhI huI / eka roja usane use ghokese eka gar3hameM Dhakela diyA aura vaha bhayabhIta hokara jaina saMghameM Akara mArthikA hogaI / eka hatyArI aura viSayalampaTa strI bhI saMbodhiko pAkara jaina sAdhvI ho gii| usake mArga meM koI bAdhA nahIM aaii| isase bhagavAna mahAvIrake mAryAsaMghakA vizAlarUpa spaSTa hai / jisa samaya yaha bhadrA jaina saMgharme pahuMcI to usa samaya isase pUchA gayA thA ki vaha kisa kakSAkI dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhatI hai ? uttara meM usane sarvotkRSTa prakAra arthAt Aryi ke vrata lenA svIkAra kiye the / isapara usane kezakoMca karake jaina nAyikAkA bheSa dhAraNa kiyA thA / vaha eka vastra dhAraNa kiye rahatI thiiN| maile-kucaile rahanekA use kucha dhyAna na thA | isake viparIta udAsInaM vratI zrAvikA vAloMko muNDAye rahatIM 0 pR0 98 2 - bhamavu pR0 259-260 / 1 - sakau 0

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zrI vIra saMgha aura anya gnaa| [155 thIM, pRthvIpara motI thIM aura sUryAsta hone ke pazca tU bhoganapAna nahIM karatI thiiN| isa tAkSakA AryikA dharma usa jamAnekA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayakA zrAvakAcAra unnata aura vizAla thaa| usameM pAkhaNDa aura mithyAtvako tatkAlIna shraavkaacaar| sthAna prApta nahIM thaa| zrAvaka aura zrAvikA niyamita rUpase devapUjala, guru upAsanA aura dAna karma kiyA karate the| ve niyamase madya mAMmAdikA tyAga karake mUla guNoMko dhAraNa karate the| vrata aura upavAsoMmeM dattacitta rahate the| aSTamI aura caturdazIko munivat nagna hokara pratimAyoga. dhAraNa karake smazAna Adi ekAMta sthAnameM AtmadhyAnakA amyAsa kiyA karate the| kiMtu tyAgI hote huye bhI bhAraMbhI hiMsAse vilaga nahIM rahate the| ve kRSi kArya bhI karate the| tathApi bar3e catura aura jJAnavAna hote the / anekoMse zAstrArtha karaneke liye taiyAra rahate the| Ajakalake zrAvakoMkI taraha dharmake viSayameM paramukhApekSI nahIM rahate the| usa samaya mudrA va dupaTTA rakhakara zrAvaka loga zAstrArtha karanekA mAma caleMja dete the| kApityake kundakoliya janane mudrA aura dupaTTA rakhakara zAstrArtha kiyA thaa| jaina stUpoM mAMdikI khudAI honepara aisI mudrAyeM nikalI haiN| zrAvikAyeM bhI ina zAstrArthoMmeM bhAga letI thiiN| isa kriyA dvArA dharmakA bahupracAra hotI thA aura zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI thii| jIvaMdharakumArane eka 1-bhamabu0 pR0 258-260 / 2-jaipra0 pR0 234 / 3-anaM0 pR0 232 1 4-mamabu0 pR. 206-207 / 5 0 0 234 / - 6-vasU0 vyA0 6 / 7-dije0 bhA0 21 aMka 1-2 pR. 40 / / mama0 pR0 15 // - -

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AAAAAAAAAAAA-RA 156 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ana tapasvIko jainadharmakA upadeza dekara jainI banAyA thaa| isI taraha unhoMne eka anya garIba zUdra varNake manuSyako nanadharmakA -adhAnI banAkara use apane AbhUSaNa Adi diye the|' ___gRhastha dharmakA pAlana karane kA adhikAra pratyeka prANIko thaa| zrAvaka loga navadIkSita jainI ke sAtha premamaI vyavahAra karake vAtsa. tyadharmakI pUrti karate the| usake sAtha jAtIya vyavahAra sthApita karate the| jinadatta seThane bauddhadharmI samudradatta seThake jana honAnepara usake sAtha apanI kanyA nIlI kA vivAha kiyA thaa| khAnapAnameM zuddhikA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA; kintu yaha bAta na thI ki kisI itara varNI puruSale yahA~ke zuddha bhojanako grahaNa kAnese kisIkA dharma calA jAtA ho ! rAjA upazreNikane bhIla kanyAse zuddha bhojana banavAkara grahaNa kiyA thaa| (Ai0 bhA0 2 40 33 ) jaina maMdiroMkA dvAra pratyeka manuSyake liye khulA rahatA thaa| campAke buddhadAsa aura buddhasiMha jaina maMdirake darzana karane gaye the aura aMta meM vaha jainI hogaye the| pazu taka bhagavAnakA pUjana kara sakta the / kumArI kanyAko patnIvata grahaNa karake usake sAtha rahanevAle puruSake yahAM munirAjane AhAra liyA thaa| Ajakala aise vyaktiyoMko "dassA' kahakara dharmAgadhana karanese roka diyA jAtA hai| kiMtu usa samaya 'dassA' zabdakA nAmataka nahIM sunAI par3atA thaa| kisI bhI vyaktike dharmakAryoM meM bAdhA DAlanA usa samaya adharmakA kArya samajhA jAtA thaa| aura na usa samaya agni pUnA, tarpaNa Adiko dharmakA aMga 1-kSatracUDAmaNi lamba 6 zlo0 7-9 va lamba 70 23-30 / 2-Aka0 bhA0 2 puu028|3-sko0 pR0 105 / 4-upu0 pR. 642 / -

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [257. mAnA jAtA thaa| sAmAnyataH usa samayake dharmakA yaha vizAlarUpa hai| isa prakAra usa samayake bhAratakI paristhiti thI aura vaha Ajase kahIM jyAdA sughara aura macchI thii| pratyeka prANI svAdhIna aura parAkramI thA / rUr3hiyoM kI gulAmI, dhArmikatAkA aMdhavizvAsa athavA rupaye pasekI cArI usa samaya logoM meM chU nahIM gaI thii| saba prasanna aura mAnandamaI jIvana bitAte the| inakA ullekha hI uma. samaya nahIM milatA hai| hAM, eka bAta kA bahuta ullekha milatA hai| vaha yaha ki vairAgya honepara mumukSu puruSoMko na rAjyakA lAlaca, na strI putroM kA moha aura na dhana-saMpadAkA lobha sAdhu honese roka saktA thaa| yaha to eka niyama thA ki aMtima jIvana meM prAyaH saba hI vicAravAna gRhastha mAdhu hokara AtmajJAna aura janakalyANa ke kArya karate the| kiMtu aise bho udAharaNa milate haiM jinameM vairAgyako pAkara vyakti bharI javAnI meM muni hogae the|* bhagavAna mhaaviirkaadkonnaakaal| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nirvANakI divya ghaTanAko Ajase karIba nirvANa-kAlakI DhAI hajAra varSa pahale arthAta IsvI san 927. asmbddhtaa| varSa pahale ghaTita hamA mAnA jAtA hai| jenoM meM mAnakala nirvANAvda isI gaNanAke anusAra pracalita hai| kintu usakI gaNanAmeM antara hai| jisakI ora mi0 kAzIprasAda jAyasaMvAla, pro0 kobI aura paM0 vihArIlAlajI jainoM dhyAna * pra0 pR. 231 / 1-avioso, bhA0 1.40 99 // 2-dhIra parva / 3-vRjeza pR0.8|| - - -

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- 158 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 1 AkarSita kara cuke haiN| mahAvIrasvAmIke nirvANa mI prAcIna ghaTanAkA Tha eka patA na rakhanA sacamuca jenoMke liye eka bar3I lajjAkI bAta hai / aura Aja isa purAnI cAtakA bilakula Toka patA lagA lenekA vAyadA karanA dhRSTatA mAtra hai / itanepara bhI upalabdha pramANoMse jisa nirApada mantavyapara hama pahuMceMge use pragaTa karanA anucita nahIM hai| durbhAgyavaza Anase karIba Der3ha hajAra varSa pahale bhI vIra nirvANAndake viSaya meM vibhinna mata the / lagabhaga tIsarI zatA'bidake graMtha 'triloka prajJapti' kI nimnagAdhAoM se ve isaprakAra pragaTa haiM:'vIrajiNaM siddhigade causaigiTThi vAsa parimANo / kArlami adikkate uppaNNA ettha sagarAmo // 86 // ahavA vIre siddhe sahassaNavarkami sagasayanbhahiye / paNasIdimi yatI paNamAle sagaNio jAdA // 87 // - // pAThAntaraM // caudasa sahasta sagasaya teNaudI vAsa kAla vicchede / vIresara siddhIdA uppaNNA sagaNio ahavA // 88 // // pAThAntaraM // paMcavarisetu / ahavA // 86 // NivvANe dIrajiNe chanvAsasadetu paNamasisu gadesu saMjAdA sagaNio artha - "vIra bhagavAna ke mokSake bAda jaba 461 varSa bIta gaye taba yahA~para zaka nAmakA rAjA utpanna huA | athavA bhagavAnake - mukta honeke bAda 9789 varSa 5 mahIne vItanepara zaka rAjA huA / * ( yaha pAThAntara hai ) athavA vIrezvara ke siddha hone ke 14793 varSa * bAda zaka rAjA huA ( yaha pAThAntara hai ) athavAvIra bhagavAnake - nirvANake 60.9 varSa aura 5 mahIne bAda zukarAnA huA / ". * (jaihi0, bhA0 13 40 33)

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakALa | | 159 prabhu mokSa ge|| prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM hI nirvANasthiti arre isa prakAra vibhinna matoM ko dekha * IzvI sankI pracalita nahIM thA / cIra nirvANa samvat pAilese pracalita hai kara kinhIM logoMkI dhAraNA hojAtI hai aura vibhinna mata / ki pahale nirvANa v vaha bAda meM kinhIM logoM dvArA cahA diyA gayA hai| kiMtu isa kalpanA meM kucha bhI taya nahIM hai; kyoMki vIra nirvANAn 84kA rs from area grAmase milA hai jo ajamera ke anAyava ghara meM maujUda hai | mAdhyame yaha miLAlekha TUTA huA adhUrA hai | isa kAraNa usake AdhArapara nirmANakA patA nahIM cala saktA hai| to bhI usameM mAdhyamica nagarIca uDela, nimapara hinduoMkA adhikAra I0 pUrva dUsarI zatAbdi taka rahA thA, isa bAtakA dyotaka hai ki isa mamaya bahuta pahale jaba vahAM para jainoMkA prAbalya thA na yaha milAlekha dikhA gayA thA / zrataeva bhagavAna mahAvIrakI nirvANa tithi IsvI manase hajAroM varSa pahale nahIM mAnI jAsaktI | aisI mAnyatA zekhacillI kI kahAnIse kucha adhika mahatva nahIM rakhatI / vahI zeSa manoMkI bAta, mo unapara alaga 2 vivecana karanA ucita hai / Anakala vIranirvANa tithike mambaMdha meM nimalikhita mata milate haiM:-- (1) zaharAja ke utpanna honese 461 varSa pahale vIra bhagavAnakA nirvANa huA / / (2) zaka rAjA hone se 605 varSa 5 mahIne pahale vIra (3) strIsase 768 varSa pahale vIra nirmANa huA / /

Page #182
160] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (4) vikramAbdase 550 varSa pahale mahAvIrajI mokSa gye| (5) zakAbdase 741 varSa pahale vIra bhagavAnakA nirvANa huaa| (6) vikrama rAjAke janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIrasvAmI mukta huye| prathama matake anumAra vIra-nirvANako mAnanepara prazna hotA hai ki yaha zaka rAjA kauna thA? isa matakA pratipAdana 'trilokaprajJapti meM nimna gAthAoM dvArA huA hai:"NivvANagade vIra carasadAgisahi vAsavicchede / jAdI ca sagaNarido rajja vasasla dusaya vAdAlA // 3 // dauNNi sadA paNavaNNA guttANaM caumuhassa vAdAle / vassaM hodi sahassaM keI evaM pavati // 14 // " athota-vAra nivANa 461 varSa bItanepara zaka rAjA humA aura isa vaMzake rAjAoMne 242 varSa rAjya kiyaa| unake bAda guptavaMzake rAjAoMkA rAjya 255 varSataka rahA aura phira caturmukha (kalika ) ne 42 varSa rAjya kiyA / koI 2 loga isa taraha eka hajAra varSa batalAte haiN| ina gAthAoMke kathanase yaha spaSTa hai ki guptavaMzake pahale ___bhAratameM jisa zakavaMzakA adhikAra thA, prathama matapara vicAra usameM hI vaha zaka rAjA haA thaa| aura usakA ullekha jaina granthoM meM khuna milatA hai, isaliye usakA samparka jainadharmase honA saMbhava hai / daMtakathAke anusAra zaka saMvat pravartaka rUpameM yaha rAjA jaina dharmamukta pragaTa hai| kiMtu Adhunika vidvAnoMkA isa zakarAnAko zaka saMvata pravartaka mAnanA kucha ThIka nahIM jNctaa| yadi unako. dvitIya matake anusAra.609 varSa 6 mAsa vIranirvA

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [161' Nake uparAnta humA mAneM to zAyada kisI aMzameM ThIka bhI ho; parantu unheM tabase 461 varSa pazcAta huA mAnakara zaka saMvata vatalAnA pracalita zaka saMvatakI gaNanAse bAdhita hai| isa dazA zaka saMkta pravartakako hI jana granthoMkA zakarAnA mAna lenA jAga kaThina hai| isake sAtha hI zaka saMvat pravataMkakA ThIka patA bhI nahIM calatA ! koI kAna dvArA isa saMvatkA prArambha humA batAte haiM, to anyoMkA mata hai ki nahapAna athavA caSTanane isa saMvatako calAyA thaa| kiMtu ye saba Adhu neka vidvAnoM ke mata haiM aura koI bhI nizcayAtmaka nahIM haiN| isake pratikUla prAcIna mAnyatA yaha hai ki zaka saMvat zAlivAhana nAmaka rAnA dvArA zakoMpara vinaya pAnekI yAdadAztameM calAyA gayA thaa| isa prAcIna mAnyatAko tulA denA ucita nahIM jaMcatA / rudradAmanake andhauvAle zilAlekhaka mAdhArapara zaka saMvatako calAnevAlA gItamo putra zAtakaNI (zatavAhana yA sAlivAhana) pragaTa hotA hai| gautamI putrane apane viSayameM spaSTa kahA hai ki usane zakoM, palavoM aura yavanoM evaM kSaharAtavaMzako jar3amUlase naSTa karake sAtavAhana vaMzakA punaruddhAra kiyA thaa| kiMtu koI vidvAna ise san 120 ke lagabhaga humA batAte haiM aura isa samaya usakA nahapAnase . yuddha karake vinayopalakSama savata calAnA ThIka nahIM baiThatA kyoMki zakasaMvata sana 78 I. se prAma hotA hai / isI kAraNa sAtavAhana vaMzake hAlanAmaka rAnAko isa saMvatakA pravartaka kahA jAtA hai| kiMtu aba uparokta andhauvAle zilAlekhase nahapAnakA samaya 1-jamIyo0, mA0 17, pR0:334 1 2-jamIso0, mA0 15 pR0 335-336 // --

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162] . saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdikA aMtima bhAga pramANita hotA hai| isa avasthAmeM gautamIputra zAtakavIkA samaya bhI san 120 ke bahuta pahale pragaTa hotA hai aura yaha ucita jaMcatA hai ki usane zaharAta vaMzanoMko sana 70-80 ke lagabhaga parAsta kiyA thaa| ataH yaha samaya zaka saMvatake prArambhakAlase ThIka baiThatA hai aura zAlivAhana (gautamIputra zAtakarNI ) dvArA usakA calAyA jAnA tathyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai| isa dazAmeM jaina zAstroMmeM nisa zaka rAnAkA ullekha hai vaha zaka saMvatakA pravartaka nahIM hosaktA kyoMki vaha zakavaMzakA rAjA thA! pahale ke jana zilAlekhoM aura rAjA valIkathe' se bhI isa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai| jaise ki harmA bhagAr3I dekheNge| to aba dekhanA cAhiye ki jaina zAstroM zaka rAnA kauna , nahapAna ho zakarojA thA ? mainoMke anusAra usakA vIra nirvaahai| ataH dUsarA mata jase 461 yA 605 varSa bAda honA, mAnya nahIM hai| usake vaMzakA 242 varSa taka rAjya karanA aura unake bAda guptavaMzI rAnAoMkA adhikArI honA pragaTa hai| bhAratIya itihAsa meM guptavaMzake pahale kSatrapavaMzI rAjAoMkA rAjya prakhyAta thA / yaha zaka jAtike videzI loga the ! taba inameM vaha rAta zAkhAke rAjA pratraka the jisakI sthApanAkA mukhya zreya nahapAnako prApta hai / nahapAna ke bAda san 388 I. taka isa vaMzameM 'baI rAjA hue the / mantameM guptavaMzI rAnA samudraguptane inheM jIta liyA thaa| imaprakAra inakA rAjyakAla lagabhaga DhaImau varSAtaka 1-jamIyo0, mA0 1 0 11- -

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla prakaTa hai|' ina bAtoM kA sAdRzya jenoMke uparokta ullekhase hai| sAtha hI Ajakala jo nahapAnA aMtima samaya I0 pUrva 82 se 124 I0 taka mAnA jAtA hai vaha bhI janoMkI prAcIna mAnyatAse TIka baiThatA hai| kyoMki unake anusAra vIra nirvAgase 461 se 605 varSa bAda taka zaka rAnA huA thA / aba yadi vIra nirvANa I0 pUrva 546 meM mAnA jAya, nisakA mAnanA Toka hogA, jaise hama agAr3I pragaTa kareMge, to ukta samaya I0 pUrva 84 se I. 60 taka pahuMcatA hai / cai ke yaha samaya zaka rAnAke utpanna hone kA hai / isaliye isakA sAmaJjamdha nahapAnake uparokta aMtima mamabase karIbara TIka baiThatA hai| isake sAtha hI nahapAnamA jaina sambaMdha bhI pragaTa hai| jaina zAstroM meM nahapAnakA ullekha naravAhana, narasena, nahavANa aura nabhovAraNa rUpameM huA milatA hai| 'trilokapanati meM usakA ullekha naravAhana rUpameM humA hai| eka paTTAvalI meM unheM 'nahavANa' ke nAmase ullikhita kiyA hai| isa nAmameM nahapAnase prAyaH nAma mAtrakA antara hai| isI kAraNa zrIyut kAzIprasAda nAyamavA aura paM0 nAgamanI premIne naravAhanako nahapAna hI pragaTa kiyA hai| 1-mAprAga0, bhA0 1 pR0 12-11 2-jeha, bhA. 130 533-padAvara zAyada yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki yadi trilokaprajAti ke kartAko zagajA nAmase nahapAnakA DoSa karanA thA, to unheM 9394 gAthAomeM zagajAke sthAnapara nAbAhana nAma likhanA ucita thA! . isake uttarameM hama yahI kaheMge ki tri0pra0' ke racanA kAla ke samaya isa yAtakA patA lagAnA kaThina thA ki nahapAna aura zakarAjA eka hI the| vizeSake liye dekho vIra varSa 6 / 3-ai0; bhA0 110 251 / 4-jaisA #0, bhA0 bha0 4021115-hi0 mA 0534 // - - - - - - na

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264] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / . . udhara vibudha zrIdharakI kathAse naravAhana rAnAkA jana sambaMdha pragaTa hai; jisake anusAra digambara jaina siddhAMta granthoM ke uddhAraka muni bhUtabali nAmaka AcArya vahI hue the| nahapAnakA eka vinda 'bhaTTAraka' thA aura yaha zabda jainoMmeM rUr3ha hai / tathApi nahapAnake uttarAdhikAriyoMmeM kSatrapa rudrasiMhakA jainadharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai|' ataeva naravAhanakA nahapAna honA aura unheM jainadharmAnuyAyI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / isa avasthA pUrvokta pahale do matoMke anusAra vIra nirvANa zakAvdase 461 varSa athavA 605 varSa 5 mAsa pUrva mAnanA ThIka pramANita nahIM hotA; kyoMki jana zAstroMkA zakarAjA zaka saMvatakA pravartaka nahIM thA, vaha nahapAna thaa| tIsarA mata pro. jaoNrDa cArapenTiyarakA hai; jisa sthApana nirvANakAla I. pa. unhAne inDiyana enTIzvarI mA043 468nahIM hoskaa| meM kiyA hai| unake matase vIra-nivANa I0 pU0 468meM huA thaa| unane apane isa matakI puSTi meM pahale hI digambara aura zvetAmbaroMke usa matake nirApada honemeM zakSA kI hai, jisake anusAra san 127 I0 pUrva vIranirvANa mAnA jAtA hai kintu isameM jo vaha digambaroM ke anusAra vikramase 605 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa batalAte haiM, vaha galata hai| kisI bhI prAcIna digambaragraMtha vikramase 605 varSa pahale vIra nirvANa honA nahIM 1-siddhAMtasArAdi saMgraha, pR. 316-318 / 2-i0, pR0 103 / 3-iMai0, bhA0 20 pR0:363 / 4-trilokasAra gAra 850-trilokasArake TIkAkAra evaM unake vAdake logoMko zakarAjAse matalaba vikramA- : dityase bhramavaza thaa| asalameM vaha nahapAnakA dyotaka hai.!; ... :.:.."

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [165 likhA hai; vahika vikramake janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIrakA mokSagamana batAyA gayA hai / zAyada pro0 mA0 ko yaha bhrama, uparAntake katipaya jaina lekhakoMke anurUpa, 'trilokamAra kI 850vIM gAthAkI nimna TIkAse hogayA hai, jisameM zaka rAjAko 'vikramAGka kahA hai| " zrI vIranAthanivRte sakAzAta paMcottaraSaTzatavarSANi paMcamAptayutena gatvA pazcAt vikramAGkazakarAno jAyate / " yahAMpara vikramAka zaka rAjAkA vizeSaNa hai| vaha vikramAditya rAjAkA khAsa nAmasUcaka nahIM hai / isa kAraNa trilokaptArake matAnusAra vikramase 605 varSa 5 mAsa pahale vIra nirvANa nahIM mAnA jAsaktA aura yaha zakAvdase bhI itane pahale huA nahIM svIkAra kiyA jAsaktA; yaha pahale hI likhA jAcukA hai| zvetAmbaroM ke grantha 'vicArazreNi'kI vikramase 470 varSapUrva vIra nirvANa humA pragaTa karanevAlI gAthAoMkA samarthana usase prAcIna graMtha 'trilokaprajJapti ' se hotA hI hai aura ughara bauddha saM0 I0 pUrva 543 se prArambha huA khAravelake zilAlekhase pramANita hai| isaliye vaha I0 pU0 477 meM nahIM mAnA nAsaktA / tathApi usake sAtha vIra nirvANa saMvat I0pU0 468 se mAnanA bhI bAdhita hai| kyoMki yaha bAta bauddhazAstroMse spaSTa hai ki ma. vuddhake jIvanakAlameM hI bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa hogayA thaa| ukta pro0 sA0 isa asambaddhatAko svayaM svIkAra karate haiM / mi. mAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane pro0 sA0ke isa matakA nirasana macchI taraha "kara diyA hai| ataeva isa matako mAnyatAdene meM bhI hama asamartha haiN| - 1-javiomo0, mA0 1 pR99-10.5| 2-majjhima0.22243 va dIni0 bhA0 3 pR0 1 / 3-6ai0, bhA0 49 pR0 43... / .

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166] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / cauthA mata zrIyuta paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA hai aura usake vikramAse 550 pUrva anusAra vikramAbdase 150 varSa pahale vIra bhI nirvANakAla prabhU mokSa gaye pragaTa hote haiN| isa matakA nahIM hoskaa| AdhAra zrI devasenAcArya aura zrI amitagati AcAryakA ullekha hai; jinameM samayako nirdiSTa karate hue 'vikramanRpakI mRtyuse' aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / hosaktA hai ki ina AcAryoMko vikramasaMvatako unakI mRtyuse calA mAnane meM koI galatI huI ho; kyoMki vikramakI mRtyuke bAda prajA dvArA isa saMvatakA calAyA jAnA kucha jIko nahIM lgtaa| 'trilokaprajJapti' mAdi prAcIna granthoMmeM isa matakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadi isa matako mAnyatA dIjAya to samrATa ajAtazatruke rAjyakAlameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA pragaTa nahIM hotA aura yaha vAdhA pUrvokta tIna matoMke sambandhameM bhI hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara jaina granthoM evaM bauddhoMke zAstroMse yaha bilkula spaSTa hI hai ki mahAvIrajIke nirvANa samaya ajAtazatrukA rAjya thaa| usake rAjyake aMtima bhAgameM yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI thii| ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAla san 592 se 518 I0 pU0 mathavA san 194 se 627 I0 pU0 pragaTa hai| vikramAvdase 560 varSa pUrva bhagavAnakA mokSalAbha mAnanese vaha samrAT zreNikake rAjyakAlameM huAghaTita hotA hai aura yaha pratyakSa bAdhita hai| ataH isa matako svIkAra kara lenA bhI kaThina hai| ... 1-darzanasAra pR0 36-37 12-javioso0, bhA01pR0.79-115 va upu0 / jabiosI0, bhA0 1 pR. 99-115 6 mahiiM0, pR0 34.38 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [167 pAMcaveM matake anumAra zakAvdase 741 varSa pahale vIra bhagazAdase 741 varSa vAnakA nirvANa huA pragaTa hotA hai / usa pUrva bhI bhrAMtamaya hai| matakA pratipAdana dakSiNa bhAratake 18 vIM zatAbkei zilAlekhoMmeM huA hai / jaise dIpanagur3Ike maMdiravAle bar3e zilAlekhameM isakA ullekha yUM hai;" " vadamAnamokSagatAvde aSTatriMzadadhipaMcazatottarahitahasrapariMgate zAlivAhanazakakAle saptanavatisaptazatottarasahasravaryasamite bhavanAma svtsre| isameM zAkA 1197meM vIra saM0 2558 honA likhA hai| vartamAna pracalita saM0se isameM 137 varSakA antara hai| isa antarakA kAraNa trilokasArake 8503 naM0kI gAthAkI TIkA hai, jaise ki hama upara batA cuke haiN| dakSiNa bhAratake digambara jaina itihAsa grantha 'rAmA valIkathe' se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai / usameM likhA hai ki 'mahAvIranI mukta huye taba kaliyugake 2438 varSa bIte the aura vikramase 605 varSa pUrva vaha mukta huye the / 2 uparokta TIkAke kathanase bhramameM par3akara aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura isa bhramAtmaka matako bhalA kaise svIkAra kiyA bhAsatA hai ? aMtima mata hai ki vikrama janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIraantima mata svAmIkA nirmANa huA thaa| aura isa matake anu mAnya hai| sAra hI Anakala jainoMmeM vIranirvANa saMvata pracalita hai| yaha saMvat tAjA hI calA huA nahIM hai balki prAcIna sAhityameM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| kintu isakI gaNanAmeM pahalese 1-mameprAjaismA0, pR0 98-99 / 2-janamitra, varSa 5 aMka 11 pR0 11-12 / 3-DAkA likhe hueke guTakemeM isakA ullekha hai| - -

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168. saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hI bhUla huI hai| usako dekhaneke liye yahAMpara una pramANoMko upasthita karanA ucita hai, jinake AdhArase yaha gaNanA huI hai:(1) sattari cadusadajutto tiNakAlA vikamA havai jmm|| aThavarasa...soDasavAsehi bhammie dese // 18 // naMdisaMgha paTAvalI (jesibhA0, ki0 4 pR. 75) (2) sattari cadusadajutto tiNakAle viko hayai jammA / aThavarasa vAlalIlA, sADasabAsehi bhammaye deso // rasapaNa vIsA rajjo kuNaMti micchopadeza sNjutte|| cAlIsa varasa jinavara dhamme pAleya surapayaM lahiyaM // ||vikrm prabadha // ' (3) sarasvatI gacchakI paTTAvalIko bhUmikA spaSTarUpase vIra nirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA janma honA likhA hai; yathA:"bahuri zrI vIrasvAmIkU mukti gaye poche cyArasau sattara 470 varSa gaye pIche zrImanmahArAja vikrama rAnAkA janma bhayA / " (8) jarayaNi kAlagao arihA titthaMkaro mhaaviiro| taM raNi ati vaI abhisitto pAlayo rAyA // saTTI pAlaga ranno paNa paNNasaMyatu hoI naMdANaM / aTThasayaM muriyANaM tIsacibha pustamittassa // valamitta-bhAnumitto sahI varisANi cattaM nrvaahnne| taha gaddabhilla ranto terasavarisA sagassa cau // -tIrthobAra prakIrNa / : (1) vasunaMdi zrAvakAcArameM vikrama zakase 488 varSa pUrva mahAvIra nirvANa honA likhA hai / ( dekho.jainamitra, varSa 5 aMka 11.10.11-1.2 )... .. . .. : . ..

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MA bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [169 uparokta savahI ullekhoMmeM prAyaH bhagavAna mahAvIrase 470 va vAda vikramarAnAkA janma honA likhA hai aura vartamAna vikrama saMvata unake rAjyakAlase calA huA milatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra meM vikramasaMvatase 488 varSapUrva vIranirvANa huA nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai; kyoMki vikramake janmase rAjyAbhipekako kAlAntara 18 varSakA mAnA jAtA hai / isa avasthAmeM pracalita vIranirvANa saMvatakA saMzodhana honA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| zAyada uparokta pramANoM meM naM0 4 para Apatti kI jAya, jisameM vIranirvAName 470 varSa bAda zakarAnAkA rAjyAnta honA likhA hai| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai / yahA~para zakarAnAse bhAva zakArirAjA vikramAdityase pragaTa hotA hai| DaoN. jaikobI bhI yahI bAta pragaTa karate haiN| yadi aisA na mAnA jAya aura zakarAnA bhAva zaka saMvat pravartakake liye jAya, to uktagaNanA ke anusAra caMdragupta mauryakA abhiSeka kAla I0 pUrva 177 varSa mAtA hai aura yaha pratyakSa vAdhita hai| sAtha hI uparokta gAthAoMkA gaNanAkrama Apanijanaka hai, jaise hamane anyatra pragaTa kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki vikramase 470 varSa pUrva vIra nirvANa batalAne ke lie zvetAMvarAcAryoMne apane manonukUla ukta gAthAoMkA nirUpaNa kara diyA hai| isa dazAmeM yaha nahIM kahA jAsatA ki unako vikramake janma rAjya athavA mRtyuse 470 varSa pUrva vIra nirvANa mAnya thaa| kintu avazepa moMke samakSa vikramake janmase 470 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa huA mAnanA ThIka hai| 1-madanakoya va bhASAe / 2-jaisA 60|3-viir, vrss-6|| -

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170] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / isa gaNanAke anusAra arthAt vikramake janmase 170 varSa nirvANakAla I0 pU0 pUrva (549 I0 pU0) vIra nirvANa mAna 545 meM thaa| nese, usakA ajAtazatruke rAjya kAlameM hI honA ThIka baiThatA hai aura ma0 buddhakA taba jIvita honA bhI pragaTa hai / ataH yaha gaNanA tathyapUrNa pragaTa hotI hai| zAyada yahAMpara yaha bhApatti kI jAya ki caMki ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAlakA aMtima varSa I0 pUrva 527 hai aura ma0 buddhakI dehAMta tithikA zuddharUpa I0 pU0 482 vihAnoMne pragaTa kiyA hai| isaliye vIra nirvANa koI I0 parva 627 varSa meM haA mAnanA ThIka hai| kintu pahile to yaha Apatti uparokta zAstralekhoMse bAdhita hai| dUsare ajAtazatru vIra nirvANake kaI varSa uparAMta taka jIvita rahA thA, yaha bAta jaina evaM bauddha granthoMse pragaTa hai| isaliye unake aMtima rAjyavarSa I0 pUrva 527 meM vIra nirvANa honA ThIka nahIM jNctaa| sAtha hI yadi ma0 buddhakI nidhana tithi 480 varSa I0 pU0 thor3I derake liye mAna bhI lI jAya to bhagavAna mahAvIrake uparAMta itane lambe samaya taka unakA jIvita rahanA pragaTa nahIM hotA / anyatra hamane bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakI aMtima tithiyoM meM kevala do varSoM kA antara honA pramANita kiyA hai| DaoN. hArNale sA. isa antarako adhikase adhika pAMca varSa batAte haiM, parantu ma. buddha aura bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana sambaMdhako dekhate huye, yaha antara kucha adhika pratIta hotA hai / , bha0 mahAvIrake jIvanameM kevalajJAna ... 1 jayioso0, bhA0 1,pR0.99-115 va upu01 2-vIra, varSa 6.3-aajiivik-irih0| / -

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nitrnnkaal| [171 prApta karane kI ghaTanA mukhya thI, isa hamArI gaNanAke anusAra usa samaya ma0 buddhakI avasthA 48 varSakI pragaTa hotI hai aura isakA samarthana usa kAraNase bhI hotA hai, jisakI banahase ma0 buddhake 50 se 70 varSake madhyavartI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hI nahIM ke barAbara milatA hai| bAta yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake sarvajJa hone aura dharmapracAra prArambha karane ke pahalese hI ma0 buddha apane madhyamArgakA pracAra karane lage the, jaise ki bauddha graMthoMse bhI pragaTa hai|' mataeva do varSake bhItara 2 bhagavAna mahAvIrake vAstu svarUpa upadezakA digantavyApI honA prArUta sumaMgata hai / aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake prabhAvake samakSa unakA mahatva kSINa honAya to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / yaha bAta hama pahale hI pragaTa kara cuke haiM aura isakA samarthana svayaM bauddha granthoMse hotA hai| ataeva uparokta gaNanA evaM bha0 mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha ke paraspara jIvana sambandhakA dhyAna rakhate huye ma: buddhakI nidhana-tithi I0 pUrva 482 yA 477 svIkAra nahIM kI jAsatI ! balki hamArI gaNanAse pragaTa yaha hai ki bha0 mahAvIrase cha varSa pahale ma0 buddhakA janma huA thA aura unake nirvANase do varSa bAda ma* buddhakI jIvanalIlA samApta huI thii| vezaka bauddha zAstroM meM ma0 buddhako usa samayake mata-pravartakoMmeM sarvalaghu likhA hai; kintu unakA yaha kathana ni Sa nahIM hai, kyoMki unhIM ke eka anya zAstroMmeM ma0 buddha isa bAtakA koI spaSTa uttara dete nahIM -- 1-mani0 bhA0 1 pR0 225; sani0 bhA0 11 pR0 66 Sa "vIra" varSa 6 / 2-bhamavu0 pR0 103-110 / /

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172] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / milate ki ve sarvalaghu haiM !' isase yaha ThIka jaMcatA hai ki vAyumeM bha0 mahAvIrase ma0 buddha avazya bar3e the; parantu eka matapravartakakI bhAMti vaha sarvalaghu the kyoMki anya saba mata ma0 buddhase pahaleke the ! isaprakAra bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa ma0 buddhake zarIrAntase do varSa pahale mAnanA ThIka hai aura cUMki bauddhoMmeM ma0 buddhakA parinivvAna I0 pUrva 543 varSameM mAnA jAtA hai, isaliye bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 545meM mAnanA Avazyaka aura ucita hai / jaise pahile bhI yahI anyathA pragaTa kiyA jAcukA hai| digambara jainazAstroMke kathanase bhI bha0 mahAvIrakI jIvana di. jaina zAhale ghaTanAoMA ukta prakAra honA pramANita hai / ukta matakA yaha likhA jAcukA hai ki zreNika vimbaptArakI samarthana hotA hai| mRtyu bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana meM hI hogaI thI aura unake bAda kuNika anAtazatru vidharmI hogayA thA; nise bha0 mahAvIrake nirvANoparAnta zrI indramRti gautamane jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thaa| itihAsase zreNikakA mRtyukAla I0 pU0 552 prakaTa hai / tathApi saM0 1827kI racI huI 'zreNikacaritra' kI bhASA bacanikAmeM hai ki:" zreNika nIti sambhAlakara, kare rAja avikaar| vAraha varSa ju vauddhamata, rahA karmavaza dhAra. 52 // bAraha varSa tane cita dharo, nandanAma yaha mAraga kro| taha thI seThi sAthi cAliyo, tava veNaka nagara aayiyo||53|| nandazrI paraNI sukumAla, varSa dUsare raha suvaal| sAta varSa bhramaNa dhara rahe, pAche Apa rAjasaMgrahe // 54 // 1-muttanipAta (S. B.E; X) pR0 87 va bhamabu0 pR. 110.

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- bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [173 . nandayone visarI rAya, tIna varSa ju pitA ghara thAya / ATha varpanA abhayakumAra, rAjagRhI Ayo citadhAra // 15 // cAra varSameM nyAya ju kiyA, vAraha varSataNAM yuva bhyaa| zreNika varSa chavIsa maMjhAra, mahAvIra kevalapada dhAra // 16 // adhikAra 15 // " isase prakaTa hai ki zreNikako 12 varSako umra meM dezanikAlA huA aura rAstemeM vaha bauddha huye / do varSa taka nandanIke yahAM rahe / bAdameM 7 varSa unane bhramaNameM vitAye aura 22 varSako unameM unheM rAjya milA / tathApi unakI 26 varSakI avasthAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| isase pratyakSa hai ki bha0 mahAvIraka sarvana hone aura dharmapracAra bhArambha karaneke pahale hI ma0 buddha dvArA bauddhadharmakA pracAra hogayA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki dezase nirvAsita honepara zreNika bauddha hosake the| isa dazAmeM na zAstrAnusAra bhI hamArI uparoka jIvana-saMbaMdha vyAkhyA ThIka pragaTa hotI hai / sAtha vIra nirvANakAla I0 pUrva 545 mAnanese bha0kA kevalajJAna prApti samaya I0 pU0 579 ThaharatA hai / isa samaya zreNi kI avasthA 26 varSakI thI arthAt zreNikakA janma I0 pU0 980 meM pragaTa hotA hai / rAjyArohaNa kAlase 28 varSa uparAnta rAjyase alaga hokara unakI mRtyu huI mAnanepara I0 pU0 552 . unakA maraNakAla siddha hotA hai / itihAsase isa tithikA ThIka , sAmaJjasyaM caiThatA hai / ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla I0 pR0.646 mAnanA ucita hai| vartamAna pracalita vIranirvANa saMktakA zuddha rUpa 2470 honA ucita hai !.. ... ... . . . . . ,

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174] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mukhya tithiyA~ / 1. bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma".........""I. 2. , , gRhatyAga"""""""", 3. , , kevalajJAna"............", " 975 4. , , nirvANa................ " 617 " 987 " 116 jmbuukhaamii| aMtima kevalI zrI jmbuuraamii| (I0 pUrva 521-440) bhagavAna mahAvI!jIke nirvANa lAbha karane ke pazcAt cauvIsa varSameM zrI indrabhRti gautama aura sudharmAsvAmI bhI " / unake anugAmI huye the| sudharmAsvAmIke mokSa prApta karalenepara vIra-saMghakA zAsana zrI jambUmvAmIke AdhIna rahA thaa| yaha atima kevalI the| inake uparAMta isa dezase koI bhI jIva sarvajJa aura mukta nahIM huA hai| loga kahate haiM ki jambUsvAmI - apane sAtha hI mozA dvAra baMda kara gaye the| jambRsvAmIkA janma bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvanakAlameM humA thaa| magadhadezake rAjagRha nagarameM eka maha~dAsa vAlya-jIvana / / jAna' nAmaka jaina seTha rahate the / jinamatI athavA jinadAMsI nAmaka unakI suzIla aura viMduSI patnI thii| jambUkumA 1-u0 pR0 710 / 2-usuH pR0 502 va jambUkumAra carita pR0 18. kintu zve0 AmnAyameM inake mAtA-pitAkA nAma kramazaH ruSabhadatta va dhAraNi likhA hai / ruSabhadatta vAzyapagotrI zreSThI the| (jaisA saM. bhA0 1 -vIravaMzAvali pR02)

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aMtima kevalI zrI jmbuusvaamii| [175 rakA janma inhIMkI kokhase huA thaa| jipta samaya yaha garbhameM Aye the usasamaya inakI mAtAne hAthI, sarovara, cAMvalokA kheta, dhUma rahita magni aura jAmunake phala-yaha pAMca zubha svapna dekhe the| jAmunake phaloMko dekhaneke kAraNa inakA nAma 'jambU kumAra' khakhA gayA thaa| inhoMne bAlyakAlameM bar3I hI kuzalatA pUrvaka samagra zastrazAstra viSayaka vidyAoM meM yogyatA prApta karalI thii| kintu inakA svabhAva vacapanase hI udAptIna vRttiko liye hue thA / yuvA honepara bhI inheM koI vikAra nahIM huA thaa| inakA Adara rAjagRhake rAjadarabArameM adhika thaa| ekadA jambUsvAmIkI keraladezake rAnA mRgAGkane zreNikake pApta sahAya viirtaa| tAke liye eka dUta bhenA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki mRgAkapara iMsadvIpa (laMkA)ke rAjA ratnacUtane AkramaNa kiyA thA aura vaha unakI rAjakumArI vilAsavatIko valAt lenAnA cAhatA thaa| mRgAMkako yaha mAmA thaa| vaha rAnA zreNikako apanI kyA denA cAhatA thaa| ighara jambUkumArake parAkrama aura zaurya kI prazaMsA pahilese hI thii| rAnA zreNikane unake hI AdhIna apanI senAko rAjA mRgAMkakI sahAyatAke liye bhenA thaa| jambU kumArane apane bAhubala aura raNakauzalase ratnacUlako harA diyA thA / aura rAnA mRgAMkane prasanna hokara vilAsavatIkA vivAha zreNikake sAtha kiyA thaa| eka vaizyaputrameM isa pagakrama aura saMgrAma-kauzala kA honA thAnAlake 'vaniyoM ke liye samucita zikSA pAnekA mAdarza hai| 1-vetAmbara kevalaM jambavRkSa dekhA batalAte haiM- jaisA 20mA0'... aMka 3 vIra pR0.2)

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | jambU kumArakI manovRtti vairAgyamaI thI / yuvAvasthA honepara bhI vaha sAMsArika pralobhanoMse virakta the / eka dina '176' ] vairAgya | vipulAcala parvata para zrI sudharmAsvAmI saMghasahita Aye aura rAjA ajAtazatru ranavAsa aura puramana sahita vandanA karaneke kiye gaye the / jambUkumAra bhI gaye the aura vaha jinadIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhate the; kintu sambandhiyoMke vizeSa Agraha se ghara vApisa lauTa Aye / ' zvetAmbara AmnAyakI mAnyatA hai ki isasamaya unakI avasthA solahavarSakI thI aura unane zrAvaka ke vrata dhAraNa kiye the / gharapara Ate hI jambUkumArake mAtA- pitAko unakA vivAha kara denekI phikra huI thI / unane dekhA ki yadi unakA vivAha / ikalautA beTA bhogopabhogako sAmigrI aura sundara ramaNiyoMko pAkara sAMsArikatA meM saMlana na huA to avazya hI unheM usase hAtha dho lene hoMge / yahI socakara unane ATha seThaputriyoMse . unakA vivAha kara diyA thA / mAtA-pitA ke yAgraha se unane vivAha to kara liyA; kintu Apane apanI patniyoMke prati snehakI eka dRSTi bhI na DAlI / vaha vivAha ke dUsare dina hI tapobhUmi kI ora jAneke liye. udyata hogaye ! mAMne bahuta samajhAyA aura prema darzAyA / patniyoM ne viSayabhogoMkI sAratA aura apanA adhikAra unapara sujhAyA; kintu koI bhI jaMbU kumAra ko dIkSA grahaNa karanekI dRr3ha pratijJAse zithila : na kara sakA ! usIsamaya eka vidyuta nAmaka cora, jo arhaddAsa ke " yahAM corI karane AyA thA, jambUkumArake isa vairAgya aura nilamako - 1-upu0 pR0 703 / 2-jaisA saM0 saM0 1 0 3 - vIra0 pR0:2

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aMtima kevalI zrI jmbuusvaamii| [177. dekhakara pratibuddha hogayA / sabane hI zrI sudharmAcAryake nikaTa jAkara ninadIkSA grahaNa kara lo| isa samaya ajAtazatru bho apanI maTa raha prakArakI senAke sAtha vahAM bhAyA thaa| jaMvUSmArake sAtha. vidyAcora aura usake pAMcaso sAthI evaM seThAnI jinadAsI aura jambU kumArakI mAToM patniyoMne bhI minadIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| kula 527 manuSya unake sAtha muni huye the| nau kroDa suvarNa mudrAoM aura itanI dhana-saMpadAkA namvRkumArane moha nahIM kiyA thA aura na ramaNI-ratnoMkI manamohaka rUpa rAzi hI unako kartavyapathase vicalita kara sakI thii| __ jambUkumAra muni hokara sudharmAstra mIke nikaTa tapazcaraNa karane lage the| jaba unakA upavAsa pUrNa huA to unakA muni jIvana / prathama pAraNA rAjagRhake seTha jinadAsa ke gRhameM hA thaa| isake uparAnta vaha vanameM jAkara ugrogra tapa karane lage the| zvetAMbaroMkA kathana hai ki bIsa varSa taka unane yaha ghora tapasyA kI thI aura vaha solaha vAMkI avasthAmeM dIkSita huye the / digammara zAstroMmeM unheM yuvAvasthAmai muni huA likhA hai| isa muni dazAke pazcAta unako jyeSTha sudI saptamIke zubha dima kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| isI dina sudhamosvAmI mukta huye the| jambUkamAra -zvetAMvara vaMzAvalimeM corakA nAma prabhava hai aura vaha jayapurake gajAkA putra thA / jambUkumArake upagaMta vahI paTTAdhIza huA thA; kintu digambara grantha naMdi apavA viSNuko jambUkA uttarAdhikArI batAte hai| (jaisAsaM0 laNDa 1 vIra vaMza0 pR. 3 va jahi0 bhA0 1 pR. 531 / 2-upu0 pR0 709 / 3-sAsaM0 bhA0 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR0 2 ||4-jmbuu0 pR063 / 5-jaizAsaM0 khaNDa / vIra0 pR. 2-3 / 6-jamvR0 paH 63 va upu0 pR0 710 . . .. .. 12

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178] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sarvajJa hokara cAlIsa varSa taka jinadharmakA pracAra sarvatra karate rahe the|' inakA bhava nAmakazipya prakhyAtthA / vidyuccora bhI mahAtapasvI muni huye the| unane bhI cahu~ora vihAra karake dharmakI mandAkinI vistRta kI thii| eka daphe mathurAmeM unapara eka vanadevatAne ghora upasarga kiyA thA; jisameM vaha dRr3haparikara rahe the / bAraha varSa taka tapa karake vaha sarvArthasiddhimeM mahamendra huye| arhadAsa seTha samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka chaThaveM svargama deva huye| jinamatI seThAnI evaM anya mahilAyeM bhI marakara deva huI thii| __ yadyapi jamvRkumArakA vihAra aura dharma pracAra prAyaH samagra mana-dazAmeM dezameM huA thA; kintu aipA mAlUma hotA hai ki dhrmprcaar| baMgAla aura vihArase unakA samparka vizeSa rahA thaa| sudharmA aura jamvRtvAmI puNDvarddhanameM vizeSa rItise dharmapacAra karane Aye the aura uparAMta yaha sthAna jenoM kA mukhya kendra hogayA thaa| kahate haiM ki jambUmbAmIko nirvANa lAbha bhadrabAhuke janmasthAna koTikapurameM huA thA, kintu bhagavAna sakalakIrtike ziSya vra jinadAsane unakA nirvANasthAna vipulAcA parvata batalAyA hai|' ughara di0 jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jambU-vAmI mathurAse mokSadhAma sighAre the| unakI isa pavitra smRtimeM vahAMpara vArSika melA bhI bharatA hai| bhataH nizcitarUpameM yadyapi yaha nahIM kahA jA 1-upu0 pR0 710; kintu eka prAcIna gAthAmeM yaha samaya 30 varSa likhA hai| ('aThatIsa vAsa rahiye kevalaNANIya ukiTo) zvetA. vara 44 varpa aura kula Ayu 80 varSakI batAte hai / jaisA saM0 khaNDa 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR. 3 / 2-upu0 pR0 710 / 3-jambU. pR064-65 / 4-bIra varSe 3 pR0 370 / 5-pUrva ba rAjA calIkaye-jaihi bhA0.11 * 16391 6-jaihiH bhA0 11 pR0 619 /

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aMtima kevalI zrI jmbuusvaamii| [179 saktA ki jambumvAmIkA nirvANa sthAna kahAM thA; kintu jaina mAnyatA aura mathugake jaina pugatatvako dekhate huye mathugameM unakA mokSasthAna honA TIka jaMcatA hai| vipulAcala parvatapara unane dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, yaha spaSTa hai| saMbhavataH isIparase va jinadAsane unakA nirvANasthAna bhI use hI likha diyA hai| koTakapura samAdhisthAna kahA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai, vaha kevalajJAna sthAna ho / vaha puNDvarddhana deza koTivaSa nAmaka grAma anumAna kiyA gayA hai jahAMse gupta va pAlavaMzI rAnAoMke sikka mile haiN| saMbhavataH isI samaya aMtAkata kevaliyoM meM sarva aMtima zrIdhara nAmaka kevalI kuNDalagirise mukta hue the| isa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrako mokSa gaye 62 varSa hocuke the| zvetAMvara sampradAyakI mAnyatA hai ki jambU kumArake samayameM bhI lAmbarIya bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSya-paramparA alaga maujUda phthn| thI aura ratnaprabhasUri AcArya padapara niyukta the| unhoMne vIrapake mokSa jAne ke bAda pacahattarava varSa meM oipA nagakI cAmuNDAko pratiyogha kara kitane jIvoM ko abhayadAna diyA thA aura vahAMke paramAra vaMzI rAjA zrI upaladeva evaM anya logoM ko jainI banAkara upakeza jAtikA prAdurbhAva kiyA thaa| kiMtu di0 zAstroM kA kathana hai ki bhagavAna pArzvake tIrthake muni vIra saMgha samilita hogaye the| zvetAMbaroMke 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' se bhI yahI pragaTa hai| paramAra vaMzakI utpatti arvAcIna hai, isa kAraNa jamvRtvAmIke.samaya paramAra vaMzI rAmAkA honA azakya hai| 1-dhIra varSa 3 pR0 370 12-ahi. bhA0 13.10.53113-zvetAMbara 64 varSa mAnate haiM / jaisA khaNDaH vIra: vaMzAvalI 1.0 31.4-jasAsaM0, khaNDa cIra vaMzA0 pR0 315-usU. pR0 133:6-nAi0 mA0 1-30.64-68 / - -

Page #202
180] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| R ANA VARANA hada kaza (I0 pUrva 459-326) zizunAgavaMzake aMtima do rAnAoM-nandavandana aura mahAna ndikA ullekha pahile kiyA jAcukA hai| kintu inake nava-nanda / 1' nAmake sAtha 'nanda' zabda hone ke kAraNa, yaha nanda. vaMzake rAjA anumAna kiye jAte haiN| naMdavaMzameM kula nau rAjA anumAna kiye jAte haiM; kintu mi0 jAyasavAla 'nava-nanda' kA artha 'navIna-nanda karate haiN| isa prakAra nandavarddhana aura mahAnaMdi tathA mahAdevananda va nanda caturtha prAcIna naMdarAjA Thaharate haiM / kSemendrake 'pUrvanandAH' ullekhase bhI inakA prAcIna nanda honA siddha hai| navIna naMda rAjAoMmeM kula dokA patA calatA hai| isa prakAra kula chai rAjA naMdavaMzamai huye pragaTa hote haiM / kavi candabaradAI (12 vIM za0 I.) ne 'nava' kA artha nau kiyA thA; kintu vaha bhrama mAtra hai| hindapurANoM ke anusAra naMdavaMzane 100 varSa rAjya kiyA thA; kintu jainagranthoMmeM unakA rAjyakAla 165 varSa likhA milatA hai| . 1-javioso, bhA0 1 pR 87-sikandara mahAnako vRpala nanda siMhAsana para milA thA (326 I0 pU0 ) aura candragutane disambara I0 pU0 326 meM aMtima nandako parAsta kiyA thaa| isa kAraNa mi. jAyasavAla eka mahInemeM ATha rAjAoMkA honA ucita nahIM samajhate / 2-ahii pR0 45 / 3-javioso, bhA0 1 pR. 89...va bhAprAga0 bhA0 2 pR0 43 / 4-hari0 bhUmikA pR0 12 va trilokaprajJapti gAyA 96-(pAlakarajjaM sahi igimaya paNaSaNNa vijynsNbhvaa|) jaina graMthoM meM isa vaMzakA nAma ' vijayavaMza' likhA hai

Page #203
[ 181 nanda-vaMza | vidvAn loga jainoMkI isa gaNanAse sahamata nahIM haiM / " vaha pAlaka rAjAke rAjyakAla sambandhI 60 varSa bhI inhIM 115 varSoM meM sammi lita karate haiM / 2 aura jainoMkI yaha gaNanA bhAratIya itihAsa meM nitAnta vilakSaNa batalAte haiM / yadyapi nandavaMzakI prAcIna zAkhA ke donoM rAjAoM kA varNana pahile kiMcit likhA jAcukA hai; kintu vaha paryApta nandivarddhana / nahIM hai| nandavarddhanukA nAma 'nanda' thA aura 'varDana' usakI upAdhi thI; jisase vaha mahAnaMdase pRthak pragaTa hotA hai / usakA sambandha zizunAga aura licchavi, donoM hI vaMzoMse thA / usakI mAtA saMbhavataH licchavei kulakI thI / mi0 jAyasavAlane usako cAlIsa varSataka rAjya karate likhA hai / nandavarddhana ke samaya meM hI cauDoMkA dUsarA saMghasammelana huA thA / isI kAraNa bauddhoMke dvArA vyavahRta inakA aparanAma ' kAlAzoka' anumAna kiyA gayA hai | nanda prathama athavA nandavarddhana ne apane rAjyakA vistAra khuba phailAyA thaa| yahI vajaha hai ki vaha 'varddhana' kI sammAnasUcaka virudase vibhUSita huye the / nandavarddhana ne apane rAjyake dazaveM varSa meM pradhotarAjAko jItakara avantIpara adhikAra jamA liyA thA / mAlUma hotA hai ki usane eka bhAratavyApI 'digvijaya' kI thI / isa digvijaya meM usane dakSiNa - pUrvI aura pazcimIya samudrataTavartI dezoM ko apane rAjya meM milA liyA thA / uttara meM himAlaya' parvata tarAIke deza jIta liye the / kAzmIra aura kaliGgako bhI 1 - ahi pR0 42, va hari0 bhUmikA pR0 12 / 2 - javioso, bhA0 10 89... /

Page #204
182] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / usane apane AdhIna kara liyA thaa| I0 pUrva 449-409 meM pArastha-sAmrAjya naSTa hone lagA thaa| isI avasarapara nandavarddhanne kAzmIrase lauTate huye takSazilAvAle pArastha rAjyakA anta kara diyA thaa| unakI yaha digvijaya unake vizeSa parAkrama, zaurya aura raNacAturyakA pramANa hai| nandavaInane apane rAjyArohaNa kAlase eka saMvat bhI pracalita kiyA thA, jo I0 pU0 45 se prArambha huA thA aura alaverUnIke samaya taka usakA pracAra mathurA da kannaujameM thA* unheM jainadharmase prema thA, yaha pahile hI likhA nAcukA hai| sara jAna grIyersana sA0 kahate haiM ki nandarAjAoMkA brAhmaNoMse dveSa thA I+ nanda dvitIya athavA 'mahA' nandake viSayameM kucha adhika ___.. paricaya prAyaH nahIM milatA hai| hAM, itanA spaSTa mahA nanda / hai ki unake samayameM takSazilA taka nandarAjya niSkaNTaka hogayA thaa| prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANini mahA nandake mitra the aura vaha takSazilAse pATaliputra pahuMce the| yaha bhI saca hai ki mahA nandakI eka rAnI zUdA thI aura usake garbhase mahA-padmanandakA janma huA thaa| isakA rAjyakAla I0pUrva-4 09:374 mAnAjAtA hai| mahAnaMdakI zUdrA rAnIke garbhase mahApadmakA janma huA thaa| mahA padmananda / ....... isane nanda rAjyake vAstavika uttarAdhikArI apane 'sautele bhAIko dhokhese mAra DAlA thA aura svayaM jiviosI0 mA 1 77.8 javimoso bhI013 pR. 2401+ mahii 45||2-jvisoN bhA / pR0 82 // rAi' bhI0 1 0 58-59 va hiMha . 4 / kucha loga kahate hai ki sAMpradAyika dveSase aisA likhA gayA hai|

Page #205
nnd-vNsh| [.183 rAnA vana baiThA thaa| prAcIna jaina kAnUnakI dRSTi se yadyapi mahAnandakA zUdrA strIse vivAha karanA ThIka siddha hotA hai; kiMtu isa vivAha saMbaMdhase utpanna huA putra mahApadma kevala bharaNa-poSaNake yogya sahAyatA pAne kA adhikArI ThaharatA hai / vaha rAjyasiMhAsanapara mArUda hone ke yogya adhikAra nahIM rakhatA thA ! rAnA upazreNikake saMbaMdhameM bhI yahI bAta ghaTita huI pratIta hotI hai| vaha eka bhIla kanyAko isa zatapara vivAha lAye the ki usake putrako rAjA bnaayeNge| kiMtu zAstra aura niyamAnusAra zreNika hI rAjya pAneke adhikArI the| haThAta upazreNika mahArAnane apanA vacana nibhAneke liye, zreNikako dezase nirvAsita kara diyA thA; yaha saba kucha likhA jAcukA hai| mahApadmako isa niyamakA ullaMghana karanA par3A thA aura usane vAstavika uttarAdhikArIko jIvanalIlA asamayameM hI samApta karake svayaM nandarAjyakI bAgaDora apane hAthameM lI thii| mAlUma hotA hai ki isa ghaTanAse jaina ruSTa huye hoMge aura mahApa jhako ghRNAkI dRSTise dekhane lage hoNge| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahApadma dvArA janoMke satAye jAnekA ullekha milatA hai| ur3iyA bhASAke eka granthame (14vIM za0 ) magadhake nandarAnAko veda dharmAnuyAyI likhA hai| udhara jainoMka hariSeNa kRta kathAkopameM (8vI za0) bhI eka nandarAjAko brAhmaNa dharmameM dIkSita karanekI kaMdhA milatI hai| vahAM mahApadma nAmaka eka jaina munine 1-vinokho mA0 1 pR. 47 vaM mAprArA. mA0 2 pR0 45 da ahiha pR. 40-41 / 2-kA0 / 3-bhagavatIsUtra-oNje0 * mI0 1 pR0 58... javioso0 mA0 3 pR. 1821 5-isa kathAkopake anusAra " ArAdhanA kaMyAkoSa' mA0 3 pR0 74041 / -

Page #206
184] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | unako prativuddha kiyA thaa| hamAre vicArameM yaha mahApadma nAma naMda rAjAkA hI dyotA hai / jo ho, itanA spaSTa hai ki naMdarAjA brAhma'goMke dveSI the aura vaha jainadharmase prema rakhate the| unakA jana dharmAnuyAyI honA kucha Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / ina nava naMdoMke maMtrI nissandeha jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| mahApadma kA maMtrI palpaka nAmaka thA aura isakA hI putra agADIke nandakA maMtrI rahA thaa| mahApadmanandameM apane dAdA nandavana ke samAna kSAtrazakti aura raNakauzalakI bAhulyatA thii| usane naMdarAjyako / vistata banAne ke prayatna kiye the| usane kauzAmbIko jItakara vahAMke pauravavaMzakA aMta kiyA thaa| gaMgA va jamanAko tarA. IvAle aura bhI choTe2 svAdhIna rAjyoM-pAMcAla, kuru Adiko usane apane adhikArameM kara liyA thA / imaprakAra kuzalatApUrvaka vaha I0 pUrva 336-338 taka rAjya karatA rahA thaa| mahApadmake pahile mahAnandake vAstavika uttarAdhikArI do putra nanda mahAdeva aura naMda caturtha kula 374 se 366 I0 pUrvataka nAmamAtrako rAjyAdhikArI rahe the| unakA saMrakSaka mahApadma thA aura antameM usane hI rAjya hathiyA liyA thaa| atima nanda sajhalya athavA dhanananda thaa| yaha bar3A lAlacI antima-nanda / ___thaa| ipakA maMtrI samTAla jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA; * jo antameM .muni hogayA thaa| isake putra sthUlabhadraM aura zrIyaka the| sthUlabhadra jainamuni hogaye the aura zrIya* 1-ahi0 pR0 45-46 ||2-kehii0 pR0 164 // 3-hilije0 puu045| 4-javiomo0, bha.0 1 0 89-90 |5-bhaak0 bhA0 3pR0 78-81 //

Page #207
[185 nnd-vNsh| ko maMtrIpada milA thaa| isIkA aparanAma saMbhavataH rAkSasa 'thaa| dhananandameM itanI yogyatA nahIM thI ki vaha itane vistRta rAjyako samucita rItise saMbhAla legA; yadyapi usa samaya bhArata meM * vaha sabase bar3A rAnA samajhA jAtA thaa| yUnAniyoMne usako magadha aura kaliGgakA rAjA likhA hai aura batalAyA hai ki usakI senAmeM 2 lAkha paidala sipAhI, 20 hajAra ghur3asavAra, 2 hajAra stha aura "3 yA 4 hajAra hAthI the| yUnAniyoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki usakI pranA usase aprasanna thii| upara kaliMgameM aira vaMzake 'eka rAnAne dhananaMdase yuddha cher3a diyaa| dhanananda usameM parAsta huA aura kaliMga usake adhikArase nikala gayA thaa| idhara cANikyakI sahAyatAse candraguptane bhI nandapara mAkramaNa kara diyA thaa| nandakA senApati bhadramAla thaa| isa yuddha meM bhI usakI hAra huI aura usake sAtha hI I0 pU0 326 meM naMdavaMzakI samApti hogaI thii| kahate haiM ki isane hI nanoM tIrtha paJcapahAr3ImA nirmANa * paTanA meM bharAyA thaa| 1-hilija. pR. 45 / 2-mudrA0 nATakameM naMdarAjAke maMtrIkA nAma yahI hai| isakA bhI jaina honA pragaTa hai| vIra varSa 5 pR0 30 / 3-ahii0 0 40-41 / 4-javioso. bhA0 3 pR0 483 / . 5-milinda0 21147 // 6-cInI loga nandarAjAkI mRtyu I0 pUrva 327 7 batAte hai / airi0 bhA0 9 pR0 87 / 7-ahii. pR0 46 /

Page #208
- 186.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (10) sikandara mahAnakA kramaNa aura tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / (I0 pU0 327-323) yUnAnameM mesIDana nAmaka eka choTese dezakA rAjA phalakUma ___ (philipa) thaa| isIkA putra sikandara thA / sikandara mahAn sikandara vaDA sAhasI, parAkramI aura pratibhAzAlI thaa| usane apane pitAke choTese rAjyakA khuba vistAra kiyA thaa| aura vaha bar3e sAmrAjyakA svAmI thA / tIna varSa (334331 I0 pU0 ) usane eziyA mAinara, siriyA, misra, IrAna, Adi dezoMko jIta liyA thA aura phira bhAratako nItanekA saMkalpa karake vaha pharvarI athavA mArca san 326 I0 pU0 meM ohinda nAmaka sthAnapara siMdhu nadI pAra karake bhAratameM mApahuMcA thaa| pahile hI usake mArga meM takSazilAkA hiMdu rAjya mAyA thA; kintu yahAMke zizugupta nAmaka rAjAne sikandarakA virodha nahIM kiyA thaa| usane eka mitrake samAna usakA svAgata kiyA thaa| isa prakAra bhAratavarSameM pahile pahila sikandarake sammAnita hone takSazilAdhIza aura puru ( porasa ) evaM anya rAjapUtoMkA pArasparika manomAlinya hI mUla kAraNa thA / puru aura bhanyaM rAjA loga takSazilopara kaIvAra car3hAI karate rahe the / sikandara takSazilAdhIzake isa svAgatapara bar3A prasanna huA aura usane use takSazilAkA rAjya punaH sauMpa diyaa| kintu puru (porasa)ne, jo. siMdhu aura jhelama nadIka bIcavA dezapara

Page #209
sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / [ 187 rAjya karatA thA, usakI adhInatA svIkAra nahIM kI thii| purune bar3I vIratAse lar3AI meM sikandarakA sAmanA kiyA thA; kiMtu usake hAthiyoM ne bar3A dhokhA diyA aura haThAt usane sikandarakA mAdhipatya svIkAra kara liyA thaa| isa vinayake bAda sikandara agAr3I pUrva dizAkI ora bar3hA thA aura vyApta nadI kinArapara pahuMcA thaa| yahAM usakI senAne javAba dediyA-vaha thaka gaI thii| usane agADI bar3hane se inkAra kara diyA thaa| varavaza sikandarako vApapta apane deza lauTa jAnA par3A thA / jhelama nadIke pAsa usake sainikoMne do hamAra nAvoMkA ver3A taiyAra kara liyA aura usapara savAra hokara akTUbara san 326 I0 pU0 meM vaha jhelama nadIke mArgase vApasa huA thaa| mArgameM use kaThina kaThinAiyAM jhelanI par3IM aura dasa mahInekI yAtrAke bAda vaha phArasa pahuMcA thaa| jUna san 323 I0 pU0 meM vebIlanameM 32 varSakI avasthA meM sikandarakA dehAnta hogayA thaa| usakA vicAra sindha aura paMjAbako apane sAmrAjyameM milA lenekA thA; kintu apanI asAmAyika mRtyuke kAraNa vaha aisA nahIM kara sakA thaa| usakI mRtyuke bAda usakA sAmrAjya chinnaminna hogayA aura bhAratake uttara-pazcimIya sImAvartI pradezapara jo usakA adhikAra kucha jamo thA; use candragupta mauryane naSTa kara diyA thaa| ___ yUnAniyoMke isa AkramaNakA bhAratapara kucha bhI asara nahIM yUnAniyoMkaH AMkrama- par3A thaa| bhAratakI sabhyatA aura usake "Nako prmaavH| AcAra-vicAra marchanna raheM the| bhAratIyoMne 1-mAha0 pR0 55-58 /

Page #210
188] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yUnAnI sabhyatAko grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| sikandarakA bhArataAkramaNa eka tena AMdhI thI; jo caTase bhAratake uttara-pazcimIya dezase hotI huI nikala gaI / usase bhAratakA vizeSa ahita bhI nahIM humA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratavAsI sikandarako zIghra hI bhUla gaye the| kisI bhI brAhmaNa, jaina yA bauddhagraMthameM isa mAkramaNakA varNana nahIM milatA hai| kiMtu isa AkramaNakA phala itanA avazya mAnanA par3egA ki isake dvArA saMsArakI do samya aura 'prAcIna jAtiyoM kA samparka huA thaa| yUnAniyoMne bhAratavarSake vidvAnoMse bahutasI bAteM sIkhI thIM aura yahAMke tatvajJAnakA yUnAnI 'dArzanikoMke vicAroMpara gaharA prabhAva par3A thaa| sikandara aura usake sAthiyoM kA vizeSa saMsarga digambara jaina muniyoMse huA thaa| pariNAmataH yUnAniyoM meM aneka vidvAn "bhahiMsA paramo dharmaH" siddhAMta para jora deneko tula par3e the| ina logoMne jo bhArata evaM jaina muniyoM (Gymnosophists ) ke sambandhame jo bAteM likhI haiM; 'unakA sAmAnya digdarzana kara lenA samucita hai| bhAratavarSake viSayameM yUnAniyoMne bahuta kucha likhA hai, magara khAsa ... jAnane yogya bAta yaha haiM ki vaha usa samaya bhAratakI bhArata vrnnn| janasaMkhyA tamAma dezoMse adhika batAte haiM; no aneka saMpradAyoMmeM vibhakta thA aura yahAM vibhinna bhASAyeM nolI jAtI thiiN| eka saMpadAya aisA bhI hai ki na uptake anuyAyI kisI jIvita prANIko ___..!-paithAgorasa aisA hI upadeza detA thA (dekho aii0 pR0 65) * aura porapheriyasa ( Porphyrious ) ne mAMsa niSedha para eka any| likhA thA / (aii0 pR0 169) / 2-aii0 pR0 1 / -

Page #211
sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [189. mArate haiM aura na khenI karate haiM / vaha gharoM meM nahIM rhte| aura zAkAhAra karate haiN| vaha usa anAjako prayogameM lAte haiM jo apane Apa pRthvImeM upanatA hai aura makaI (millet) jaisA hotA hai| bahuta karake yaha varNana jainoMke vratI zrAvakoM ko lakSya karake likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai / brAhmaNoMmeM katipaya aise bhI the, jo mAMsanahIM khAte aura na madya pIte the| bhAratavAsiyoMko yUnAniyoMne. mitavyayI kintu AbhUSaNoM ke premI likhA hai| unane mizradezake. samAna yahAM bhI sAta jAtiyoM kA honA likhA hai; kintu yaha rAjanatika apekSAse sAta bheda kahe jAsakta haiN| vaise cAra jAtiyAM-bAmaga, kSatrI, vaizya, zUdra-yahAM thiiN| rUpaka loga adhika saMsthAmeM the / ve bar3e sAla aura dayAlu the / unheM yuddha nahIM karanA par3atA thaa| kSatrI loga yuddha karate the| pratyeka jAtike liye apanA vyavasAya karanA anivArya thA / yuddhake samaya bhI khetI hotI rahatI thii| koI bhI unako nahIM cher3atA thA, phasalakA bhAga svayaM rakhate aura zeSa rAnAko dete the| bhAra. tIya ghane bune hue kapar3eko likhaneke kAmameM lAte the| ___bhAratameM annanalakI bAhulyatA aura vizeSatA thii| unakA zarIra gaThana sAdhAraNa manuSyoMse kucha vikSeSatA rakhatA thA aura usakA unheM garva thaa| vaha zilpa aura lalita kalAoMmeM khUba nipuNa the| gharatI zAka aura anAja to ugatA hI hai parantu aneka prakArakI dhAtuyeM bhI nikalatI thIM / sonA, cAMdI aura lohA vizeSa pariNAmameM nikalatA __ -aii0 pR0 2 / 2-aii0 pR0 183 / 3-aii0 pR0 38 / 4-aii me pR0 40-43 / 5-ei0 pR. 6-aii0 pR. 56 / /

Page #212
190] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| batAyA hai| nadiyoMse bhI sonA nikalatA thaa| isIkAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki bhAratameM kabhI akAla nahIM par3A aura na kimI videzI rAnAne bhAratako vinaya kara pAyA / unameM jhUTa bolane aura corI karane kA prAyaH abhAva thaa| ve guNoMkA Adara karate the| vRddha honese hI koI bhAdarakA pAtra nahIM hotaa| unameM bahu vivAhakI prathA pracalita thii| kahIM kanyApakSako eka jor3I baila denese varakA vivAha hotA thA aura kahIM vara-kanyA svayaM apanA vivAha karA lete the| svayaMvarakI bhI prathA thii| vivAhakA uddezya jhAmatRpti aura saMtAna vRddhimeM thaa| koI2 eka yogya sAthI pAne ke liye hI vivAha karate the| ve choTIsI tipAIpara sonekI thAlI meM rakhakara bhojana karate the / unake bhojanameM cAMvala mukhya hote the| yUnAniyoMne bhAratavarSake tatvavettAoMkA varNana kiyA hai, vaha bar3e mArkekA hai| unhoMne bhAratakI sAta bhAratIya tatvavettA / jAtiyoM se pahalI jAti inhIM tatvavettA. oMkI batalAI hai| inameM brAhmaNa aura zramaNa yaha do bheda pragaTa kiye haiN| brAhmaNa loga kula paramparAse calI huI eka jAti vizeSa thii| arthAt janmase hI vaha brAhmaNa mAnate the| kiMtu zramaNa sampradAyameM yaha bAta nahIM thii| harakoI vinA kisI.mAtipAMtake bhedase zramaNa hosaktA thaa| brAhmaNoM kA mukhya kArya dAna, dakSiNA lenA aura yajJa karAnA thaa| ve sAhitya racanA aura varSaphala bhI pragaTa karate the / varSArambhameM ve apanIra racanAyeM lekara rAjadara 1-meaii0 pR. 31-33 / 2-aiime0 pR0 50-51 / 13-aii. 10 381.4-meei0 .pR0 .222 / 5-meaii0, 051 meaiva, pR. 74 / 7-meaii0, pR. 98 / 8-aii. pR0 169 va 101 / -

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [ 191 -- rabArameM pahuMcate the aura mAnyatA pAte the| yadi unakA varSaphala mAdi koI kArya ThIka nahIM utaratA to unheM janmabhara mauna rahanekI AjJA hotI thii| isa kAryameM zramaNa bhI bhAga le sakta the| . brAhmaNoM meM aise bhI the, jo vAnaprastha dazAmeM rahate the| zramaNa bhI kaI taraha ke the; kiMtu unameM mukhya vaha the no nagna bosomilA, rahate the| yaha brAhmaNa aura bauddhoMse bhinna the| digambara jaina inako vidvAnoMne digambara jaina muni mAnA hai; sAdhu the / yadyapi koI vidvAna inheM AjIvika sAdhu anumAna kAte haiN| kiMtu inakA yaha anumAna nirmula hai| yUnAniyoMne ina nagna sAdhuoMkI mina vizeSa kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unase inakA digambara jaina muni honA siddha hai| udAharaNake liye dekhiye: (1) yUnAniyoMkA kathana hai ki " zramaNa koI zArIrika parizrama (Labour=bhArambha) nahIM karate haiM; nagna rahate haiM; sardI meM khulI havA aura garamiyoMmeM khetoM meM va per3oM ke nIce zAsana jamAte haiM; aura phaloMpara jIvana yApana karate haiN| yaha saba kriyAyeM jaina muniyoMke jIvanameM milatI haiN| jaina muni Arambhake sarvathA tyAgo hote haiN| ve pAnItaka svayaM grahaNa nahIM karate yaha bauddhazAstroMse bhI pragaTa hai| unakA nagnabheSa bhI jainazAstroMke anukUla hai| jaise ki pahale likhA jAcukA hai| vanoM aura guphAoM Adi 'ekAnta sthAnameM jaina muniko rahane kA Adeza hai| tathA vaha nirAmipabhonI aura uddiSTa tyAgI hote haiN| 1-ai40 pR472-jasi mA. 10 ki03-1, pR0i 3-rei0 pR. 47 / 4-manabu0 pR 223 / -

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192] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (2) 'zramaNa nagna rahate, kaThina parIpaha sahana karate aura kisIkA nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unakI mAnyatA janasAdhAraNameM khUba hai|" jaina muni kaThina parIpaha sahana karane aura nimaMtraNa svIkAra karane ke liye prakhyAta haiN| ___(3) 'inDiyAke sAdhu nagna rahate aura koha kaoNphakA (Caucasus) barpha tathA sardIkA vega vinA saMleza pariNAmoMke sahana karate haiM aura jaba ve apane zarIrako agnike supurda kara dete haiM aura vaha jalane lagatA hai, to unake mukhase eka Aha bhI nahIM nikalatI hai| sardI, garmI, daMza Adi bAIsa parIpahoMko jaina muni samatAbhAvase sahana karate haiM unako zarIrase mamatva nahIM hotaa| aMtima samayameM ve sallekhanA vrata karate haiM aura prANAnta hojAnepara bhagnicitA unakI deha bhasma hojAtI hai| kalyANa (Kalanos) nAmaka eka jaina munike sallekhanA vratakA vizada varNana, yUnAniyoMne kiyA hai nimnameM usako prakaTa karate huye isa viSayakA spaSTIkaraNa hojAyagA | Ana bhI jaina sAdhu isa vratakA abhyAsa karate huye mileNge| isase bhAva AtmahatyAnA nahIM hai| (4) 'una (bhAratIyoM) ke tatvavettA, jinako ve 'ninmosophisTa kahate haiM, prAtaH kAlase sUryAsta taka sUryakI ora TakaTakI lagA kara khaDe rahate haiM / khUba jalatI huI retapara vaha dinabhara sabhI isa pairase aura kabhI dUsarese sthita rahate haiN| yahAMpara jaina muniyoMko AtApana yoga nAmaka tapasyAkA sAdhana karate huye batAyA gayA hai| (5) sAdhAraNa manuSyoM ko saMyamI aura saMtoSamaya jIvana vitAnekI1-aii0 pR0 63 / 2-aii. 1068 phuTa0-1 / 3-aii pR068 phu02|

Page #215
or sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [ 193 salAha ina zramaNoMne dI thii|' jaina muni sadA hI aisI zikSA diyA karate haiN| (6) zramaNa aura aMmaNI brahmacaryapUrvaka rahate haiM / zramaNI tatvajJAnakA abhyAsa karatI haiN| janasaMghake muni AryikAoM ko pUrNa brahmacaryakA pAlana karanA anivArya hotA hai| AryikAyeM tatvajJAnakA khAsA adhyayana karatI haiN| (7) zramaNa saMghameM pratyeka vyakti sammilita hosaktA hai| . jainasaMghakA hAra bhI pratyeka jIvita prANI ke liye sadAse khulA rahA hai|' (8) 'zramaNa nagna rahate haiM / ve satya kA abhyAsa karate haiM / . bhaviSya viSayaka vaktavya pragaTa karate haiN| aura eka prakArake 'pirAmiDa' (Pyramid) kI pUjA karate haiM, jinake nIce ve kisI mahApuruSakI asthiyAM rakhI huI mAnate haiN|" nagna rahanA, satyakA abhyAsa karanA aura bhaviSya sambaMdhI vaktavya ghoSita karanA jainaH . muniyoM ke liye koI anokhI bAta nahIM hai| jyotiSa aura bhaviSya phala pragaTa karane ke liye ve anena granthoM meM bhI sanmAnakI dRSTise dekhe gaye haiN| siddha pratimA saMyukta stUpa ThIka 'pirAmiDa' jaise hote haiN| janoMmeM inakI mAnyatA bahu prAcInakAlakhe hai / yaha stU 1-aii0 pR0 70 / 2-aii0 pR0 183 va bheaii0 pR. 103 / 3-aii0, pR0 167 / 4-bIre, varSa 5 pR0 230-2341 5-aii0, pR. 183 // 6-nyAyavinduH (a0:3) meM zrI RSabha, va vartamAna mahAvIrajIko . jyotipa vidyAmeM niSNAta. honeke kAraNa sarvajJa 'Adarzana pragaTa kiyA hai| mudrA rAkSasa (aM0 4), prabodha cadrodaya (aM0 3) AdimeM jana. muni bhaviSya viSayaka ghoSaNA karate vatAye gaye haiN| dekho jaina0 bhAgaH 14 pR0 45-61 /

Page #216
194] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kevalI bhagavAnake samAdhisthAnapara banate haiN| takSazilAmeM mAna bhI kaI bhagna jaina stupa mile haiN| (9) 'sUryakI prakhara dhUpameM khar3e hue digambara (nagna) sAdhuoMse sikandarane pUchA ki Apa loga kyA cAhate haiM ? unhoMne uttara diyA ki, Apa apane sAthiyoMki sAtha kahIM chAyAkA Azraya leM / vasa, imako yahI cAhiye / ' yaha kriyA dayA dAkSiNyAdi guNayukta jaina sAdhuoMke upayukta hai| unhoMne yUnAniyoM ke liye sUryA tApa asahiSNu samajhannara zItala pradezake upayogamA upadeza diyA pratIta hotA hai| (10) zramaNoMne kahA thA ki 'isa paribhramaNanA kabhI anta honevAlA nhiiN| jaba hamArI mRtyu hogI to isa zarIra aura mAtmAkA jo asvAbhAvika milana hai, vaha chUTa naaygaa| mRtyuke vAda hameM eka acchI gati prApta hogii| yaha mAnyatAyeM ThIka jainoMke samAna haiN| (11) "ekabAra sikandarane dhyAnamagna daza sAdhuoMko balAkArase pakar3akara maMgA liyA thaa| sAdhuoMse usane dama prazna kiye aura dhamakI dI ki yadi inakA ThIka uttara nahIM hogA, to hama sabako eka sAtha maravA deMge / parantu sAdhuoM ke saMghanAyakane bar3I nirmIkatAse sikandarase kahA thA ki yadyapi tumhArA zArIrika aura sainika bala hamase bar3hA car3hA hai, kiMtu Atmika bala tumhAga hamase prabala nahIM hosaktA / kahA jAtA hai ki ye nagna sAdhu sikandarake sipA jaisi bhA0 mA0 1 ki0 2-3, pR. 8 .2-pUrvavat / 3-aii0 pR. 45

Page #217
sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / [195 hiyoM tathA anyAnya manupyoMke padacinhita pRthvIpara hI paira rakhakara calate the| jainAcAryoMne jahAM muniyoMke mAcArakA kathana kiyA hai, vahAM vihAra varNanameM spaSTa rUpase likhA hai ki muniyoM ko tathA sAdhuoMko mardita tathA padadalita bhUmipara hI calanA caahiye| isa kathanase grIka itihAsa lekhakoM kA kathana bar3I abhinnatAse milatA hai| uparokta khAsa vizeSatAoMko dekhate huye yaha nissandeha spaSTa hai ki sikandara mahAnako jo nagna sAdhu takSazilAke AsapAsa mile the, vaha digambara jaina sAdhu the | AnIvika sAdhu vaha nahIM hosate; kyoMki AnIvika sAdhu pUrNataH nirAmiSa bhojo nahIM hote, mAnIvikA karate haiM aura eka lAThI (DanDA) bhI hAthameM liye rahate haiN| tathApi unakA vaidika RSi aura bauddha bhikSu honAbhI asaMgata hai| ina donoM sAdhuoMkA ullekha to yUnAniyoMne prathaka rUpameM kiyA hai| ataeva ina nagna sAdhuko digambara jaina zramaNa mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| takSazilAmeM taba inakI bAhulyatA aura pratiSThA adhika thii| isase kahA jA sakA hai ki usa samaya jainadharma avazya hI uttara-pazcimIya sImAvartI dezoMtaka phaila gayA thaa| yUnAnI logoM ke varNanase tabake jaina sAdhudharmake svarUpakA bhI digdarzana honAtA hai aura vaha ma0 mahAvIrake samayake anukUla pragaTa hotA hai| 1-jesi bhA0, bhA0 1 ki0 4 pR0 6 // 2-bhamabu0 pR0 20-22 ca vIra varSa 2 pR0 547 / 3-jemimA0, bhA0 1 ki0 2-3 pR. 81 4-DaoN. sTIvensana (jarAaiso0 janavarI 1855), pro0 kolaghuka (airi0 mA0 1 pR. 399) aura insAikopeDiNa TenikA (11vIM AvRtti) bhA0 15 pR0 198meM ina nagma zramaNo ho-janamuni,likhA hai| -

Page #218
196] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| yUnAniyoMne ina nagnasAdhuoMmeM mandanIsa aura kalonasa nAmaka digambara jaina sAdha do sAdhuoMkI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai / inako mandanIsa aura unhoMne brAhmaNa likhA hai aura isa apekSA __ klaans| kinhIM lekhakoMne unakA caritra vaidika brAhmaNoM kI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla citrita kiyA hai| kiMtu unako sabane nagna batalAyA hai| tathApi kalonasako jo kezaloMca mAdi karate likhA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki ye sAdhu jaina zramaNa the| eka yUnAnI lekhakane kalonasako brAhmaNa purohita na likhakara 'zramaNa' batalAyA bhI hai| ataH mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki janmase ye brAhmaNa hote. huye bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| inakA mUla nivAsa tirahUtameM thaa| sikandara jaba takSazilAmeM pahuMcA to usane ina digambara sAdhuoMkI bar3I tArIpha sunI / use yaha bhI mAlama huA ki vaha nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate / isapara vaha khuda to unase milane nahIM gayA; kiMtu apane eka aphasara onesikriTasa (Onesikritos)ko unakA hAlacAla lene ke liye bhejaa| takSazilAke bAhara thor3I dUrapara usa aphasarako pandraha digambara sAdhu asahya dhUpameM kaThina tapasyA karate. mile the / kalonasa nAmaka sAdhuse usakI vArtAlApa huI thii| yahI sAdhu yUnAna jAneke liye sikandarake sAtha ho liyA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki 'kalonasa' nAma saMskRta zabda 'kalyANa' kA apabhraMza hai| ' 1-vizeSake liye dekho vIra, varSa 6 / 2-aii0, pR. 72 / 3-airi0 bhA0 9 pR. 70 / 4-ai0, pR. 69 / 5-yUnAnI lekhaka. plUTAIkA kathana hai ki yaha muni AzIrvAdameM 'kalyANa' zabdako prayoga karate the| isa kAraNa kalaoNnasa kahalAte the| inakA yathArtha nAma 'sphAinsa' (Sphines) thaa| merei0 pR0 106 //

Page #219
sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [297 ataH ina sAdhukA zuddha nAma ThIka hai, jo jaina sAdhuoMke nAmake samAna hai| muni kalyANane isa videzIke pracaNDa loma aura tRSNAke caza ho ghora kaSTa sahate huye vahAM mAyA dekhakara jarA upahAsabhAva dhAraNa kiyA aura kahA ki pUrvakAlameM saMsAra sukhI thA-yaha deza anAnase bharapura thaa| vahAM dRSa aura amRta Adike jharane vahate the, kintu mAnava samAja viSayabhogoMke AdhIna ho ghamaNDI aura uddaNDa hogayA / vidhine yaha saba sAmagrI lupta karadI aura manupyake liye parizramapUrvaka jIvana vitAnA (A life of toil) niyata kara diyA / saMsArameM punaH saMyama mAdi sadguNoMkI vRddhi huI aura acchI cIjoM kI bAhulyatA bhI hogaI ! kintu aba phira manuSyoMmeM asantopa aura ucchRGkhalatA Ane lagI hai aura vartamAna avasthAkA naSTa hojAnA bhI Avazyaka hai| sacamuca isa vaktavya dvArA muni kalyANane bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmike cauthe kAla aura phira paMcamakAlake prAraMbhakA ullekha kiyA pratIta hotA hai| unane yUnAnI aphasarase yaha bhI kahA thA ki 'tuma hamAre samAna kapar3e utArakara nagna honAo aura vahIM zilApara mAsana jamAkara hamAre upadezako zravaNa kro| vecArA yUnAnI aphasara isa prastAvako sunakara bar3e asamaMjasameM par3a gayA thA; kintu eka jaina munike liye yaha sarvathA ucita thA ki vaha saMsAra meM burI taraha pha~se huye prANIkA uddhAra karaneke bhAvase use digambara muni honA.. 1-aii0, pR. 70 / 2-ai40 pR. 70 /

Page #220
198] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nekI zikSA deM / prAyaH pratyeka jaina muni apane vaktavya ke antameM aisA hI upadeza dete haiM aura yadi koI vyakti muni na hosake to use zrAvake vrata grahaNa karanekA parAmarza dete haiN| muni kalyANane bhI yahI kiyA thaa| kintu eka videzIke liye inameM se kisI bhI prastAvako svIkAra kara lenA sahasA sugama nahIM thaa| muni mandanIsa, jo saMbhavataH saMghAcArya the, yUnAnI aphasarakI isa vikaTa uljhanameM sahAyaka bana gaye | unhoMne muni kalyANako roka diyA aura yUnAnI aphasarase kahA ki 'sikandara' ko prazaMsA yogya hai / vaha vizada sAmrAjyakA svAmI hai, parantu to bhI vaha jJAna pAnekI lAlasA rakhatA hai| eka aise raNavIrako unane jJAnecchu rUpameM nahIM dekhA ! sacamuca aise puruSoMse bar3A kAma ho, ki jinake hAthoMmeM bala hai, yadi vaha saMyamAcArakA pracAra mAnavasamAjameM kreN| aura saMtoSamaI jIvana vitAneke liye pratyekako bAdhya kre| ___mahAtmA mandanIsane dubhASiyoM dvArA isa yUnAMnI aphasarase vArtAlApa kiyA thA / isI kAraNa unheM bhaya thA ki unake bhAva ThIka prakaTa naM hoskeN| kintu to bhI unane no' upadeza diyA thA usakA niSkarSa yaha thA ki viSaya sukha aura zokase pIchA kaise chUTeM / unane kahA ki zoka aura zArIrika zramameM bhinnatA haiN| zoka manuSyakA zatru hai aura zrama usakA mitra hai / manuSya aMma isaliye karate haiM ki unakI mAnasika zaktiyAM unnata hoM, jisase ki ve bhramakA manta kara sakeM aura sabako macchA parAmarza deskeN| ve takSazilA vAsiyoMse sikandarako svAgata mitrarUpameM karane ke liye

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sikandara - AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jana sAdhu / [199 kaheMge; kyoMki apane se acchA puruSa yadi koI cAhe to use bhalAI karanA cAhiye / " isake bAda unane yUnAna ke tatvavettAoM meM jo siddhAnta praca kite the unakI bAbata pUchA aura uttara sunakara kahA ki 'anya viSayoM meM yUnAniyoM kI mAnyatAeM puSTa pratIta hotI haiM, jaise ahiMsA myAdi, kintu ve prakRti ke sthAnapara pravRttiko sammAna denemeM eka bar3I galatI karate haiM / yadi yaha bAta na hotI to ve unakI taraha nagna rahanemeM aura saMyamI jIvana vitAne meM saMkoca na karate; kyoMki vahI sarvottama gRha hai, jisakI marammata kI bahuta kama jarUrata par3atI hai / unane yaha bhI kahA ki ve (digambara muni) prAkRtavAda, / jyotiSa, varSA, duSkAla, roga Adike sambandha meM bhI anveSaNa karate haiN| jaba ve nagara meM jAte haiM to caurAhe para pahuMcakara saba titaravitara hojAte haiM / yadi unheM koI vyakti maMgUra Adi phala liye mila jAtA hai, to vaha detA hai use grahaNa kara lete haiM / usake 1 badale meM vaha use kucha nahIM dete / pratyeka dhanI gRhameM vaha antaH 1- air3a0 pR0 70-71 santopI aura saMyamI jIvana vitAnekI zikSA denA, dUsaroMke sAtha bhalAI karanekA upadeza denA aura pravRtiko pradhAnatA denA, jaina mAnyatAkA dyotaka hai| 2 isa ullekhase usa samayake muniyoMkA pratyeka viyapUrNa midhyAta honA siddha hai / 3- AhAra kriyAkA art kiyA gayA hai / niyata samayapara saMgha bhAhAra ke liye nagara meM jAtA hogA aura vahAM caurAhevara pahuMcakara east alaga 2 prasthAna kara jonI TIka hI hai / 4-kaise aura kaunasA AhAra ve grahaNa karate hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM mahAtmA mandanIdhane yaha vAkya kahe pragaTa hote hai| jaina sAdhu ko eka vyakti bhaktipUrvaka jo bhI zuddha nirAmiSa bhojana detA hai, use hI vaha

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200] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / *pura taka binA rokaToke jAsakta haiM | bhAcArya mandanImane sikandarake liye yaha bhI upadeza diyA thA ki vaha ina sAMsArika sukhoMkI AzAmeM par3akara cAroM tarapha kyoM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai ? usake isa paribhramaNakA kabhI anta honevAlA nhiiN| vaha isa pRthvI-para apanA kitanA hI adhikAra jamAle, kintu maratI bAra usake zarIrake liye sADetIna hAtha namIna hI bAta hogii|" ina mahAtmAke mArmika upadeza aura jaina zramaNoMkI vidyAkA prabhAva sikandara para beDhaba par3A thaa| usane apane sAtha eka sAdhuko bhejanekI prArthanA saMghanAyakase kI thI; kintu saMghanAyakane yaha bAta asvIkAra kI thii| unhoMne ina jainAcAra hIna videziyoM ke sAtha -rahakara munidharmakA pAlana akSuNNa rItise honA azakya samajhA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unane kisI bhI sAdhuko yUnAniyoMke sAtha jAnekI mAjJA nahIM dii| kintu isapara bhI muni kalyANa (alaoNnasa) dharmapracArakI apanI ulaTa laganako na roka sake aura vaha sika-ndarake sAtha ho liye the| unakI yaha kiyA saMghanAyakako pasaMda na * AI aura muni kalyANakako unane tiraskAra dRSTi se dekhA thaa| ____ bhAratase lauTate huye jipsasamaya sikandara pArasyadezameM pahuMcA; kalonasako videzameM to vahAka susA (Susa) nAmaka sthAnameM smaadhimrnn| ina mahAtmA kalAnasako eka prakArakI vyAdhi jo apane dezameM kabhI nahIM hotI thI hogii| isa samaya grahaNa karate haiN| usake badalemeM vaha use kucha bhI nahIM dete / bhojanake niyamameM ve bhaktajanakA koI bhI upakAra nahIM krte| : .1-aii0 pR. 73 / 2-jaisi bhA0, mA0 1 ki0 4 pR0 5 / - - - - -

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina saadhu| [201 -vaha tehattara varSake vRddha the / aura phira rugNadazAmeM unake liye . jainadharmakI prathAnusAra pravRtti karanA aura dharmAnukUla indriyadamanakArI bhojanoM dvArA rogI zarIrakA nirvAha karanA asAdhya hogayA thaa| isaliye unhoMne sallekhanA vratako grahaNa kara lenA ucita smjhaa| yaha vrata usI asAdhya avasthAmeM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki vyaktiko apanA jIvana saMkaTApanna dRSTi par3atA hai| muni kalyANakI zArIrika sthiti isI prakArakI thii| unane sikandara para apanA abhiprAya prakaTa kara diyA / pahile to sikaMdara rAjI na huA; paraMtu mahAtmAko mAtmavirsana karane para tulA dekhakara usane samucita -sAmagrI prastuta karanekI mAjJA de dI / pahile eka kAThakI koTharI banAI gaI thI aura usameM vRkSoMkI pattiyAM vichA dIgaI thiiN| isIkI chanapara eka citA vanAI gaI thii| sikandara unake sammAnArtha apanI sArI senAko susajjita kara taiyAra hogyaa| bImArIke kAraNa mahAtmA phalAnasa bar3e durvala hogaye the| unako lAne ke liye eka ghor3A bhejA gayA; kintu jIvadayAke pratipAlaka ve munirAja usa ghor3e para nahIM car3he aura bhAratIya DhaMgase pAlakI meM baiThakara vahAM A gye| vaha usa koThar3ImeM unakI vyavasthAnusAra banda kara diye gaye / the| antameM vaha citApara virAjamAna ho gye| citArohaNa karatI cAra unane jaina niyamAnusAra sabase kSamA prArthanAkI bheMTa kii| tathA dhAmika upadeza dete huye kezaloca bhI kiyaa| 1-aii0, pR0 73 // 2-kezaloca karanA, jaina muniyoM kA khAsa niyama . hai| yUnAniyoMne muni kalyANake aMtima samayakA varNana eka nizcita rUpameM nahIM diyA hai / citApara baiThakara samAdhi lenA jaina dRSTise ThIka nahIM hai| sambhavataH apane zavako jalavAnekI niyatase muni kalyANane aisA kiyA ho|

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202] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | usasamaya sikandarako yaha dRzya marmabhedI pratIta huA; to bhI usane apanI bhakti dikhAneke lie apane sabhI raNavAdya bajavAye aura sabhI sainikoM ke sAtha zokasUcaka zabda kiyA tathA hAthiyoMse bhI ciMghADa karavAI | sikandara unake nikaTa milane ke liye bhI AyA; kiMtu unhoMne kahA ki " maiM abhI Apase mulAkAta karanA nahIM cAhatA; aba zIghra hI Apase mujhe bheMTa hogI / " isa kathanakA bhAvArtha usa samaya koI bhI na samajha sakA; parantu kucha samaya ke bAda jaba sikandara kAlakavalita honeke sammukha huA to ma0 kalaoNnasake isa bhaviSyadvaktRtva zaktikI yAda sabako homAI / ' usa citAkI dhadhakatI huI vikarAla jvAlAmeM mahAtmA kalonasakA zarIrAnta ho gayA thA / ina jainasunine videziyoMke hRdayoM para kitanA gaharA prabhAva jamA liyA thA, yaha prakaTa hai| sacamuca yadi vaha yUnAna pahuMca jAte to vahAM para ekavAra jaina siddhAMtoM kI zItalaaura vimala jAnhavI bahA dete ! SRB 1-ma0 kalaoNnasake bhaviSyadvaktatvake iMsa udAharaNase unako apane * aMtima samayakA jJAna huA mAnanA kucha anucita nahIM jaMcatA aura vaha citApara ThIka usI samaya baiThe hoMge; jisa samaya unake prANa pakherUH isa nazvara zarIraMko choDane lage hoMge / 2 - jaisi mA0 bhA0 1 kiM0 07-8

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vie zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [ 203 (11) zrutakevalI mahAvAhujI aura anya aacaayeN| (I0 pR0 473-383) jambUsvAmI aMtima kevalI the / inake bAda kevalajJAna-sUrya zrI bhavAnIko isa upadezamai asta hogayA thA, parantu pAMca __ smy| munirAja zrutajJAnake pAragAmI vidyamAna rahe the| yaha naMdi, naMdimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu nAmaka the|' naMdike sthAnapara dUsarA nAma viSNu bhI milatA hai| yaha pAMcoM munirAja caudaha pUrva aura bAraha aMgake jJAtA zrI nambUsvAmI ke bAda sau varSameM hue batAye gaye haiM aura isa apekSA aMtima zrutakevalI zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI I0 pU0 383 athavA 366 taka saMghAdhIza rahe pragaTa hote haiM / kintu aneka zAstroM aura zilAlekhoMse yaha bhadrabAhutvAmI maurya samrATa candraguptake samakAlIna pragaTa hote haiM, aura candraguptakA samaya I0 pU0 326-302 mAnA jAtA hai|.. aba yadi zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIkA astitva I0 pU0 383 yA 366 ke bAda na mAnA jAya to vaha candragupta mauryake samakAlIna nahIM hosakte haiN| 'ughara tiloyapaNNati' jaise prAcIna granthoM se pramANita hai ki. bhagavAna mahAvIranIke nirvANa kAlase 215 varSa (pAlakavaMza 60 1-tilloyapaNNati gA0 72-74 / 2-zrutAvatAra kathA pR0 13 va aMgapaNNati gA0 43-44 / -jaisi bhA0, bhA0 ki0 1- bhavaNaM ve pR0 35-4014-javiosI0 mA0 1 pR. 156 // -

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204] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / varSa+nandavaMza 155) bAda mauryavaMzakA mabhyudaya huA thaa| zvetAvara paTTAvaliyoMse samrATa candraguptakA vIra nirvANase 219 varSa bAda I0 pU0 326 yA 325 ke navambara mAtameM siMhAsanArUr3ha honA pragaTa hai| isa prakAra candraguptakA rAjyArohaNa kAla jo 326 I0 pU0 anyathA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha jaina zAstroMke anusAra bhI ThIka baiThatA hai / ataeva thI bhadrabAhu svAmIkA astitva I0 pU0 383 thA 369 ke bAda mAnanA samucita pratIta hotA hai / jaina . zAstroMse prakaTa hai ki bhadra bAhusvAmIke hI jIvanakAlameM vizAkhAcArya nAmaka prathama dazapUrvIkA bhI astitva rahA thaa| isa zlokameM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI saMpradAyake graMthoMse bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta prAyaH samasAmayika siddha hote haiN| pahileke cAra zrutakevaliyoMke viSayameM digambara jaina zAstroM meM kucha bhI vizeSa varNana nahIM milatA hai| hAM, bhadrAhukA critr| bhadrabAhake viSayameM unameM kaI kathAyeM milatI haiN| zrI haripeNake 'vRhatkathAkoSa (san 931 ) meM likhA -tipa0 gA0 95-96 / 2-Iai0 bhA0 11 pR0 251 / 3-digambara jainapranthose pragaTa hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmI candragupta sahita kaTiparva nAmaka parvatapara raha gaye the aura vizAkhAcAryake AdhipatyameM jainasaMgha coladezako calA gayA thaa| udhara zvetAmbaroMkI bhI mAnyatA hai ki bhadrabAhu apane antima jIvanameM nepAlameM jAkara ekAntavAsa karane lage the aura sthUlabhadra paTTAdhIza the / (pari0 pR0 87-90) ataH nissaMdeha bhadravAhujIke jIvanakAla meM hI unake uttarAdhikArI honA aura unakA I0 pU0 383 ke vAdatapha jIvita rahanA ucita jaMcatA hai| 29 varSa taka ve paTTapara rahe pratIta hote hai aura phira munizAsaka yA upadezaka -rUpameM zeSa jIvana vyatIta kiyA vidita hotA hai| 4-jezisaM0, pR066 !

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [205hai ki pauNDvarddhana deza devakoTTa nAmaka grAma thA; nisako prAcIna samayameM 'koTipura' kahate the / yahAM padmastha rAnA rAjya karatA thaa| padmasthakA purohita somazarmA thaa| usakI somazrI nAmaka patnIke garbhase bhadravAhakA janma huA thA / eka dina jaba bhadrabAhu khela rahe the, cauthe zrutakevaLI govarddhanasvAmI upara A nikale aura yaha dekhakara ki bhadrabAhu pAMcaveM zrutakevalI hoMge, unhoMne bhadrabAhuke mAtA-pitAkI anumatise unheM apane saMrakSaNameM le liyA | bhadravAha aneka vidyAyoM meM niSNAta paMDita hogye| ve govarddhana nadIke kinAre eka vAgameM Thahare the| usa samaya ujjanameM jaina zrAvaka caMdragupta rAnA thA aura usakI rAnI muprabhA thii| misa samaya bhadrabAhumvAmI vahAM nagarameM AhArake liye gaye, to eka gharameM eka makelA bAlaka pAlane meM par3A rorahA thA, usane bhadrabAhunIse lauTa jAne ke liye kahA / isase unane jAna liyA ki usa dezameM bAraha varSakA mazAla par3anevAlA hai| yaha jAnakara unane saMghako dakSiNa dezakI ora jAnekI AjJA dI aura svayaM unake. nikaTa bhadrapAda dezameM jAkara samAdhilIna hogaye / rAjA caMdraguptane bhI akAlakI bAta sunakara bhadrabAhuke nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| unhIMkA nAma vizAkhAcArya rakkhA gayA thA aura ve saMghAdhIza hokara dakSiNakI ora punnATa dezako saMgha legaye the| jaba vAraha varSakA akAla pUrNa huA taba ve saMghasahita lauTakara madhyadezameM Agaye the| zrI ratnanaMdinIke 'bhadrabAhu cAritra ! meM bhI aisA hI varNana hai, paraMtu usameM thor3AsA antara hai / isake anusAra . 1-ahi. bhA0 14 pR0 2171 zrava0 pR0 27 / / / -

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206] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / samrAT caMdraguptane bhadrabAhusvAmIse solaha svapnoMkA phala pUchA thA; jise sunakara vaha muni hogaye the| ___bAraha varSakA akAla jAnakara saba dakSiNako cale gaye the| isa cAritrameM bhadrabAhunIko bhI saMghake sahita dakSiNakI ora gayA likhA hai paraMtu mArgameM apanA antasamaya sannikaTa jAnakara unane saMghako coladezakI ora bheja diyA thA aura svayaM caMdragupti munike sAtha vahIM raha gaye the| vahIMpara unakA svargavAsa huA thaa| caMdragupti muni kAnyakubjako calA AyA thaa| kanar3I bhASAke do graMtha 'munivaMzAbhyudaya' (1680 I.) aura " rAjApalIkathe" (1838 I0)meM bhI bhadrabAhukA varNana milatA hai / pahile granthase yaha spaSTa hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu zramaNavekagolA taka Aye the aura vahAMke cikkoTTa (parvata) para rahe the / eka vyAghake pAkramaNase unakA zarIrAnta huA thA / janAcArya mahadvalikI AjJAse dkssi| NAcArya bhI yahAM darzana karane Aye the| unakA samAgama candraguptase humA thA, jo yahAM yAtrAke liye bhAyA thaa| isa anya ke anusAra caMdraguptane dakSiNa AcAryase dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki isa granthake racayitAne dvitIya bhadrabAhuko candraguptakA samakAlIna samajhA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha maIdvali AcAryakA mAma le rahA hai| kiMtu caMdragupta ke samakAlIna dvitIya bhadrabAhu nahIM hosakte / unake samayameM kisI bhI candragupta nAmaka rAjAkA astitva bhAratIya itihAsameM nahIM miltaa| 'rAjAvalIye meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM caMdragupta pATaliputrakA rAjA pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| 1-bharabAhu caritra pR0 31:35 pa 45...

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya / [207 vAstava meM maurya sAmrAjyakI do rAjadhAniyAM ujjainI aura pATaliputra prArambhase rahIM haiM / ataeva jaina kathAkAroMne apanI rucike anusAra donoMmeMse eka kA ullekha samaya para kiyA hai / isa grantha meM candraguptake putra kA nAma siMhasena likhA hai; jise rAjya dekara candragupta suni hogaye the aura bhadrabAhujIke sAtha dakSiNako cale gaye the / eka parvatapara bhadrabAhunI aura candragupta rahe the / zeSa saMgha coladezako calA gayA thA / tAmilabhASAke "nAla DiyAra" nAmaka nItikAvyase bhI dakSiNake pAMDya dezataka isa saMghakA pahuMcanA pramANita hai / isa nItikAvyakI racanA isa saMghake sAdhuoM dvArA huI kahI jAtI hai| pAMDya rAjAne ina jaina sAdhuoMkA bar3A Adara aura satkAra kiyA thA / vaha inake guNoMpara itanA mugdha thA ki usane sahasA unheM uttarApathakI ora jAne nahIM diyA thA / Aja bhI arkATa jilemeM 'tirumalaba' nAmaka pavitra jainasthAna uttara bhArata se jainasaMgha AnekI pratyakSa sAkSI derahA hai| yahAMpara parvatake nIce aneka guphAyeM haiN| eka guphA vidyAbhyAsake liye hai, jinameM jamvRdvIpa vyAdike nakze bane hue haiN| yaha prasiddha hai ki bhadrabAhu ke munisaMghavAle vAraha hajAra muniyoMmeMse ATha hajAra muniyoMne yahAM Akara vizrAma kiyA thA / patipara Der3haphuTa lambe caraNacinha usakI prAcInatA svayaM pramANita karate haiM / sacamuca usasamaya aura usase bahuta pahale se cola, pAMDya Adi dezoM kA astitva aura unakI khyAti dUra 2 deza dezAMtaroM meM hogaI--- 14.10 / 332 / 10 pra0 pR0 30-32 / 2- jaihi0 bhA0 3- prameprAjesmA0 pR0 74 /

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- 208] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| thii|' dakSiNa bhAratake ina dezoMkA vyApAra eka atIva prAcInakAlase deza-videzoMse hotA rahA hai| jainadharmakI vyApakatA bhI yahAM bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIse pahalekI thI ! ataeva uttara bhAratase jaina saMghakA dakSiNakI ora jAnA eka nizcita aura abhrAMta ghaTanA hai| ___ uparokta caritroMmeM yadyapi kiMcit paraspara virodha hai; kiMtu jaina saMghakA dakSiNako una sabase yaha pramANita hai ki bhadrabAhuke prasthAna ityAdi / samayameM jaina saMgha dakSiNako gayA thA aura bAraha varSakA bhISaNa akAla par3A thaa| isa bAtapara bhI ve karIba 2 sahamata haiM ki jina bhadrabAhukA ullekha hai, vaha aMtima zrutakevalI haiM aura unake ziSya eka rAjA candragupta avazya the, jo ujjainI aura pATaliputrake adhikArI the arthAta unake yaha do rAjakendra the / yaha caMdragupta isI nAmake prakhyAt maurya samrATa haiN| hAM, isa bAtase haripeganI, jo anya kathAkAroMmeM sarva prAcIna haiM, sahamata nahIM haiM ki bhadrabAhunI saMghake sAtha dakSiNako gaye the / zvetAMbara mAnyatAke anusAra bhI unakA dakSiNameM jAnA prakaTa nahIM hai| usake anusAra bhadrabAhunIkA aMtima jIvana nepAlameM pUrNa huA thA; kiMtu yaha saMzayAtmaka hai ki yaha vahI bhadrabAhu haiM jina bhadrabAhuko vaha nepAlameM gayA likhate haiN| jo ho, uparokta donoM matoMse prAcIna zRMgApaTamke do zilAlekha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki bhadrabAhusvAmI candragupta ke sAtha zrava 1-kAtyAyana (60 pU0.400)ko, cola, mAhiSmata aura nAsikyakA jJAna thaa| pAtali (I0 pU0 150 ) samapra bhAratako jAnatA thaa| 2-jamaiso0 bhA0 1 0 308-320 / 3-bhapA0 pR0 234-236 //

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya / [ 209. / cekagolameM candragiri parva para Aye the| inase bhI prAcIna zilA-lekha caMdragiripara naM0 31 vAlA hai / usameM bhI ina donoM mahAtmAoM kA ullekha hai|' isa dazAmeM bhadrabAhunIkA zravaNabelagola meM pahuMcanA, kucha anokhA nahIM jaMcatA / hariSeNaz2one zAyada dUsare bhadrabAhUkI ghaTanAko inase jor3a diyA hogA; kyoMki pratiSThAnapura ke dvitIya bhadrabAhu kA bhAdrapAda dezameM svargavAsa prApta karanA bilkula saMbhava hai / ataeva prathama bhadrabAhunIkA samAdhisthAna zravaNabelagola mAnanA aura unake samaya meM hI prathama dazapUrvI ko rahate svIkAra karanA ucita hai / / zvetAMbara saMpradAya ke anusAra zrI jambUsvAmIke uparAMta eka. prabhava nAmaka mahAnubhAva unake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara paTTAvalI | aura prathama zrutakevalI huye the / yaha vahI cora the, jinane avuddha hokara zrI jambUsvAmIke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / zvetAMbaroMne prabhavako jayapura ke rAjAkA putra likhA hai, jo bacapana se hI uddaNDa thA / rAjAne usakI uddaNDatAse dukhI hokara apane deza se nikAla diyA thA aura vaha rAjagRhameM caurya karma karake jIvana vyatIta karatA thA / ' digambara jaina granthoM meM bhI vidyuccara corako eka rAjAkA putra likhA hai / kintu use ve jambUsvAmIkA uttarAdhikArI nahIM batAte haiM / samajhameM nahIM AtA ki jaba digambara aura zvetAmbara bhedarUpa dIvAlakI jar3a bhadrabAhu zrutake valI ke samaya meM par3I thI, taba unake pahile huye zrutakevaliyoMkI gaNanA meM 1-prava0, pR0 33-34 / 2- pari0, pR0 42-50 vA0, vIra, bhA0 1 pR0 3 / 3 - upu0, pR0 703 12

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210 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | donoM sampradAyoM meM kyoM matabheda hai ? jo ho, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM prathama zrutakevalI prabhava haiM / vaha cavAlIsa varSataka sAmAnya muni rahe the aura unane gyAraha varSataka paTTAdhIza padapara vyatIta kiye the / unane rAjagRha ke vatsagotrI yajurvedIya yajJAraMbha karanevAle ziyyaMbhava nAmaka brAhmaNako prabuddha kiyA thA aura vahI inakA uttarAdhikArI huA thA | zrI prabhavasvAmIne 85 varSakI avasthA meM vIra ni0 saM0 75 meM mukta pada pAyA thA / zrI ziyyaMbhava aTThAisa varSakI umara meM jaina suni huye the / gyAraha varSetaka prabhavasvAmI ke ziSya rahakara vaha paTTapara ArUr3ha huye the / teIsa varSataka yugapradhAna pada bhogakara 62 varSakI avasthAmeM vIra ni0 saM0 98 meM svargavAsI huye the / inane apane chai varSake bAlaka putrako dIkSita kiyA thA aura usake liye dazavaikAlikasUtrakI racanA kI thii| 1 I / inake uttarAdhikArI zrI yazobhadranI the / yaha tuMgIkAyana gotra the aura gRhasthI meM bAIsa varSataka rahakara jaina muni huye the / chattIsa varSake huye tava yaha paTTAdhikArI hokara pacAsa varSataka isa padapara vibhUSita rahe the / vIranirvANase ekasau vyAlIsa varSoMke bAda yaha tIsare zrutakevahI svargavAsI huye the| inake uttarAdhikArI zrI saMbhUtivijayasUri the; jinake gurubhAI zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI the / isa prakAra zvetAmbara cauthe aura pAMcaveM zrutake valiyoMko samakAlIna pragaTa karate haiN| vaha kahate haiM ki saMbhUtivijayasuri to paTTAdhIza the aura bhadrabAhusvAmI gacchakI sArasaMbhAla karanevAle the / saMmUrti 1 - jesA0 bhA0 1 vIravaM0 pR0 3 va pari0 pR0 54... 2 - jaisA0 bhA0 1 SIraMvaM0 pR0 4 va pari0 pR0 58 /

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [211 vijaya mAdara gotrake the / jaba ve 42 varSake the, taba unane munidIkSA grahaNa kI thii| 86 varSakI umarameM vaha yugapradhAna huye the aura kevala ATha varSa isa padapara rahakara vI0 ni0 saM0 156 meM svargavAsI huye the| saMbhUti vijayake svargavAsI honepara bhadravAhasvAmI saMghAdhIza tAmvara zAloM meM hue the| jaba vaha bayAlIsa varSake the, taba zrI zrI bhdrvaahu| yazobhadrasurine unako jaina munikI dIkSA dI thii| yazobhadrakI unhoMne 17 varSa taka ziSyavat sevA kI thii| phira vaha yugapadhAna hue the aura isa padapara caudaha varSataka AsIna rahe the| vIra nirvANase 170 varSa bAda unakA svargavAsa huA thA' unake uttarAdhikArI sthUlabhadra hue the| digambara aura zvetAmbara mAnyatAke anusAra yadyapi zrutakevaliyoMkI nAmAvalImeM paraspara mantara hai; kintu vaha donoM hI bhadrabAhuko aMtima zrutakevalI svIkAra karate haiM / zvetAMbara kevala inhIM eka bhadrabAhu kA ullekha karate haiM aura inheM prasiddha jyotiSI varAhamihirakA bhAI vyakta karate haiN| unake anusAra inakA janmasthAna dakSiNa bhAratakA pratiSThAnapura hai| -pUrva pramANa / 2-jaisAsaM0 bhA0 / vIravaM0 pra0 5 va pari0 pR0 87. / yadyapi hemacandrAcAryane vIra nirvANa 170 varSa bAda bhadrabAhUkA svargavAsa huA likhA hai, parantu vaha ThIka nahIM pratIta hotA; jaise ki pahile likhA jAcukA hai| unane svayaM unakA svargavAsa maurya samra vindupArakA varNana kara cukane para likhA hai / digambara matameM vIra ni0 se 162 varSa zrutakevaliyoMkA honA likhA hai| isase bhI yahI bhAva liyA jAtA hai ki isa samayameM hI bhadravAhukA svargavAsa hogayA thA; kintu yaha mAnanA . ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / isa samaya vaha saMghanAyaka padase.vilaga hogaye hoMge

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212] ... saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / . aura vaha inakA gotra prAcIna batalAte haiM; jo vilakula azrutapUrva hai aura usakA svayaM unake granthoMmeM anyatra kahIM patA nahIM calatA hai| varAhamihirakA astitva I0 sanke prArambhase pramANita hai| isa avasthA, zvetAMbaroMkI mAnyatAke anusAra bhadrabAhukA samaya bhI jyAdAse jyAdA IsvIke prArambhameM ThaharatA hai; jo sarvathA asaMbhava hai| mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki prathama bhadrabAhu aura dvitIya bhadrabAhu donoMko eka vyakti mAnakara dvitIya bhadrabAhukI jIvana ghaTanAoMko prathama bhahubAhake jIvana meM jA ghuser3anekI bhArI bhUla karate haiN| 'kalpasUtra' inhIM bhadrabAhukA racA kahA jAtA hai| Avazyaka sUtra, uttarAdhyayanasutra, mAdikI niruktiyAM bhI inhIMkI likhIM mAnI jAtI haiM; kiMtu vaha bhI I0ke prArambhameM hue bhadrabAhukI racanAyeM pragaTa hotI haiM, jaiseki mahAmahopAdhyAya DA. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa mAnate haiN| mAlUma yaha hotA hai ki zvetAmbaroMko yA to bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA vizeSa paricaya jJAta nahIM thA athavA vaha jAnabUjhakara unakA varNana nahIM karanA cAhate haiN| kyoMki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune usa saMghameM bhAga aura phira upadezaka rUpameM rahe hoNge| zve. mAnyatAse unakI Ayu. 126 varSa pragaTa hai / yadi unheM 40 varSakI unameM bhAcArya pada milA mAneM to 65 varSakI AyumeM ve AcArya padase alaga huye pragaTa hote haiN| zeSa Ayu unane munivata vitAI thI aura isa kAlameM ve caMdraguptakI sevAko pA sake : 1-jaisAsaM0 bhA01 vIra paM0 pR0 5 va pari0 pR0 58 // 2-usU0 bhUmikA pR0 13 / 3-DaoN. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNane isvI prArambhameM barAhamihirakA astItva mAnA hai (jaihi0 bhA08 pR0 532) kintu karna AdI chaThI zatAbdIkA mAnate haiM / 4-hiSTI Apha meDivila iNDIyana lAjika, 'jaihi0 mA0 8 pR0 531 / ' .

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [ 213 nahIM liyA thA, jisako zvetAmbarAcArya sthUlabhadrane ekatra kiyA thaa| 'zrI saMghake bulAnepara bhI ve pATaliputra ko nahIM Aye jisake kAraNa zrI saMghane unheM saMghabAhya kara denekI bhI dhamakI dI thii|'* isake viparIta digambara jainI bhadrabAhu zrutakSevalIkA varNana bar3e gaurava aura mahatvazAlI rItise vizeSa rUpameM karate haiN| zvetAMvaroMne unako prAcIna gotrakA vatalAkara digambara mAnyatAkI puSTi kI hai; jo nigraMtha ( nagna ) rUpakA bhadrabAhuke samAna ArSamArgakA anugAmI hai| zvetAMbaroMne sthUlabhadrakI adhyakSatA svIkAra karake savastra bheSako mokSaliGga mAnA hai aura purAtana niyamoM evaM kriyAoMmeM aMtara DAla liyA hai / vapta vaha prAcIna 'bhadrabAhu' ko vizeSa mAnyatA na dete huye bhI apane aMga JthoM aura bhASyoMko purAtana aura prAmANika siddha karane ke liye aura IsvIsana ke prArambhavAle bhadrabAhuko prAcIna bhadrabAhu vyakta karaneke mAvase, kevala unhIMkA varNana karate haiN| dusare bhadrabAhuke viSayameM vaha ekadama cupa ho jAte haiM, kiMtu vaha apane Apa unako varAhamihirakA samakAlIna vatAkara unakI arvAcInatA spaSTa kara dete haiN| - - : 1-usu0 bhUmikA, pR0 14 / * pari0 va jezisaM0 pR0 67 / 2-eka jaina pAvalImeM eka tIsare bhadravAhukA ullekha hai aura unakA "samaya IsavIkI prArambhika zatAbdiyAM hai| unake eka ziSya dvArA zvetAra ghara saMpradAyakI utpatti honA likhA hai| saMbhava hai, zvetAMvaroMke dvitIya bhadrabAhu yahI ho; jinakA unheM patA nahIM hai / (ai0 bhA0 21 pR058) masAi0 pR0 24-25 / .. .. . . . . . .

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214] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / / zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke jIvanakI sabase bar3I ghaTanA uttara bheta bhAratameM ghora duSkAla par3anekI vajahase janasaMghake sthaapnaa| dakSiNa bhAratakI ora gamana karanekI hai / isa ghaTanAkA aMtima pariNAma yaha huA thA ki jaina saMghake do bhedoMkI jar3a isI samaya par3a gaI / bAraha varSakA akAla jAnakara zrI vizAkhAcAryakI adhyakSatAmeM saMpUrNa saMgha dakSiNako gayA, kiMtu sthUlabhadra aura unake kucha sAthI pATaliputrameM hI raha gaye the| ghora duSkAlake vikarAla kAlameM ye pATaliputravAle jaina muni prAcIna kriyAyoMko pAlana karanemeM asamartha rahe / unhoMne ApadarUpameM kiMcita vastra bhI ahaNa kara liye aura muniyoMko agrAhya bhojana bhI ve svIkAra karane lage the| nisa samaya vizAkhAcAryakI pramukhatAvAlA dakSiNa dezako gayA humA saMgha subhikSa honepara uttarApathakI ora lauTakara AyA aura usane pIche rahe huye sthulaMbhadrAdi muniyoM kA zithilarUpa dekho to gahana kaSTakA anubhava kiyaa| vizAkhAcAryane sthUlabhadrAdise prAyazcitta lekara punaH ArSa mArgapara AjAnekA upadeza diyA; kiMtu honIke sira, unakI yaha sIkha kisIko pasaMda na AI / sthUlabha kI adhyakSatAmeM rahanevAlA saMgha apanA svAdhIna rUpa banA baiThA aura vaha purAtana mUla saMghase prathaka hogyaa| yahI saMgha kAlAMtarameM zvetAMva' zrava0 39-40; usU0 bhUmikA pR015-16 va aii jai0 pR0 1. meM zve0 bidvAna zrI pUrNaceMndra nAharane bhI yahI likhA hai| hArNale 've lyumana grA0 bhI ise kathAko mAnyatA dete hai (Vionha oriental gournol, VII, 382 va Iai* 21 // 59-60 /

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zrutakevalI bhadravAha aura anya AcArya / [ 215 rAnAyake rUpa meM parivartita huA / jaise ki agAr3I likhA gayA hai| jisa purAtana saMghake pradhAna pahile 'prAcIna' bhadrabAhu the aura phira unake uttarAdhikArI vizAkhAcArya huye, vaha apane sanAtana svarU pameM rahA aura ArSa rItiyoM kA pAlana karatA rhaa| yahI Ajakala digambara sampradAya ke nAmase vikhyAt hai / sthUlabhadrAdikA saMgha, jaba mUlasaMghase pRthak hogayA; to prAkRta use apane dharmazAstroMko nirdiSTa karanekI zrutajJAnakI vikSipti / AvazyaktA huii| dukAlakI bhayaMkaratA meM zrutajJAna chinnabhinna hogayA thA / bhadrabAhuke samaya taka to jainasaMgha eka hI thA; kintu unake bAda hI jo usameM ukta prakAra do bheda huye jisake kAraNa zrutajJAnakA punaruddhAra honA anivArya huA / digambara jainoMkA mata hai ki isa samaya samasta dvAdazAMga jJAna lupta hogayA thaa| kevala daza pUrvoke jAnakAra raha gaye the| kintu zvetAMbaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki pATaliputra meM jo saMgha ekatrita huA thA aura jisameM bhadrabAhune bhAga nahIM liyA thA, usane samasta zrutajJAnakA saMzodhita saMskaraNa taiyAra kara liyA thA / sthUlabhadrane pUrvokA jJAna svayaM bhadrabAhusvAmI se prApta kiyA thA kintu unako aMtima cAra anyoM ko par3hAnekI AjJA nahIM thI / isa prakAra gyAraha aGga aura daza pUrvakA uddhAra zvetAMbaroMne kara liyA thA; kintu unake ye grantha di0 jainoMko mAnya nahIM the / unakA vizvAsa thA ki purAtana aMga va pUrva graMtha naSTa hocuke haiM / kevaLa daza pUrvokA jJAna zrI vizAkhAcArya evaM unake daza paramparINa uttarAdhikAriyoMko smRtimeM zeSa rahA thA / digambara jainoMkI isa

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216 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mAnyatAkI puSTi janasamrAT khAravelake hAthIguphAbAle prAcIna zilAlekhase bhI hotI hai, jisameM likhA hai ki zrutajJAna mauryakAla meM lupta hogayA thA, usakA punaruddhAra karane ke liye samra TU khAravelane RSiyoMkI eka sabhA bulAI thI aura usameM avazeSa upalabdha aGga graMthoMkA saMgraha karake zruta viccheda honese bacA liyA gayA thaa| yaha samaya aMtima daza pUrvoke aMtima jIvanakAlake lagabhaga baiThatA hai aura isake bAda digambara jainoMke bhanumAra gyAraha aMgadhArI muniyoMgA astitva milatA hai|| yadyapi #nazAstroM meM samrATa khAravela aura unake uparokta prazasta kAryakA ullekha kahIM nahIM hai; kintu ukta prakAra dazapUrviyoMke bAda gyAraha aMgadhAriyoM kA astitva mAnakara avazya hI digambara jaina mAnyatA isa bAtakA samarthana karatI hai ki isa samaya aMga graMthoM kA uddhAra kinhIM mahAnubhAvoM dvArA hugA thA / isa dazAmeM zvetAmbara saMpradAyake matapara vizvApta karanA jarA kaThina hai jo dRSTiva da aMgake atirikta zeSa samUce zrutajJAnakA mastitva Aja bhI mAnatA hai| zvetAMbara granthoMmeM sthUlabhadko atima nandarAjAke maMtrI zakatAcArya DAlakA putra likhA hai| jisa samaya zikSA pAkara, sthuulbhdr| yaha gharako lauTe to unake pitAne unheM eka vezyAke supurda kara diyaa| usake pAsa rahakara sthUlabhadra duniyAdArIke kAmoMmeM dakSatA pAne lge| vezyAke yahAM rahate huye bahuta samaya vyatIta hogayA aura isameM dhana bhI bahuta kharca huaa| inake choTe bhAI zrIyakako apane pitAkI yaha lAparavAhI pasaMda na bhaaii| - 1-javioso, bhA0 13 10 236. . . ..

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [217 usane pitAke jIvanakA anta karanA hI ucita samajhA | sthUlabhadrako isa ghaTanAse saMvegakA anubhava huA aura vaha tIsa varSakI avasthAmeM muni hogaye / cauvIsa varSataka unhoMne zrI saMbhUtivinayakI sevA kI aura unase caudaha pUrvoko sunakara, unane dazapUrvo kA artha grahaNa kiyaa| saMbhRtivijayake uparAMta ve yugapradhAna padake aghikArI huye aura isa padapara 45 varSa rhe| vIranirvANa saM0 215 meM svargalAma huA kahA jAtA hai| inhIka samayameM arthAta vIra ni0 saM0 214meM tIsarA nihanva (saMghabheda) upasthita humA kahA jAtA hai| yaha apAr3ha nAmaka vyakti dvArA svetikA nagarImeM ghaTita huA thA; kiMtu vaha mauryabalabhadra dvArA rAjagRhameM sanmArga para le AyA gayA likhA hai| 1-jaisAsa0, bhA0 1 vIra pR0 5-6; kintu zvetAMbaroMkI dUsarI mAnyatAke anusAra sthUlabhadrane daza pUrvokA artha bhadrabAhusvAmIse prahaNa kiyA thA aura vaha unake vAda hI paTTapara Aye hoNge| zvetAMparoMkA yaha bhI mata pragaTa hotA hai ki syUlabhadra aMtima zratakeMvalI the; kiMtu unhIMkI mAnyatAse bhadravAhukA aMtima zrutakevalI honA pragaTa hai| (usU0 bhUmikA --1054).0 hemacandrAcAryane rAjyoMkI kAla gaNanAmeM 60 varSakI bhUla kI hai; isI kAraNa vI. ni. 215 meM sthUlabhadrakA aMtima samaya pragaTa kiyA gayA hai / 2-Iai0 bhA0 21 pR0 335.. ... ... .

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- tar PTET 218] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (12) mAya saamraajch| (I0 pUrva0 326-188) sikandara mahAnake AkramaNake bAda magadhakA rAjya nandavaMzake. . hAthase jAtA rahA thaa| brAhmaNa cANikyake candragupta mAya / sahayogase caMdragupta nAmaka eka vyakti magadhakA rAjA huA thA / jaba I0 pUrva 326 akTUbarako sikandara mahAn paMjAbase vApisa humA, usa samaya magadhameM nandarAjA rAjya kara rahA thA / kintu isake eka mahIne bAda arthAt I0 pUrva 326 ke navambara mAsameM candraguptane magadhake rAjyapara apanA adhikAra jamA liyA thA / yadyapi yaha nizcaya nahIM hai ki candraguptane pahile paMjAba vijaya kiyA thA yA magadhako apane adhikArameM kara liyA thA, . kintu mAlUma hotA hai ki usane pahile paMjAbako apanA mitra banA liyA thA aura usakI sahAyatAse magadha jItA thaa| yUnAnI lekhakoMke kathanase sikandarake lauTate samaya candraguptakA paMjAbameM honA pramANita hai / sikandara kAminiyAmeM thA, taba hI bhAratavAsiyoMne usake yUnAnI suvedAra philipsakI jIvanalIlA usa samayameM hI. samApta karake apanI svAdhInatAkA bIja vo liyA thaa| 'mudrArAkSasa' meM jisa rAnA pavartakakI hatyA honekA bakhAna hai vaha yahI philipsa thA / isa ghaTanAmeM avazya hI caMdraguptakA hAtha thA / isaprakAra paMjAbavAsiyoMne candraguptake nimittase apaneko videzI yunA. 1-javioso0 bhAga 1 pR0 112...parvatakakI samAnatA yu darzAI gAI. hai-parvataka prvo=pirvo-philippos|.. - - -

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maury-saamraajy| [219 niyoM kI parAdhInatAse mukta hotA jAnakara usakA pUrA sAtha diyA thA aura vaha unakI sahAyatAse magadhakA rAjA banagayA thaa| yaha caMdragupta kauna thA ? isa praznakA uttara khojane meM hamArA dhyAna sarva prathama mudrArAkSasa nATakake TIkA. candragupta kauna thA ? kArake kathanapara jAtA hai| usane 'vRpala' zabdake AdhArapara apanI TImeM likhA hai ki 'nandavaMzake aMtima rAnAkI vRpala (zadra) jAtiko muga nAmaka rAnIse candragupta utpanna humA aura apanI mAtAke nAmase maurya kahalAyA" basa, isako par3hakara IsavI dvitIya zatAbdike yUnAnI lekhakoM evaM anya vidvA. noMne mAna liyA ki candragupta murA nAmakI zUdrA strIkI kuMkhase janmA thA, isaliye usakA nAma maurya pdd'aa| kintu isa mAnyatAmeM tathya tanika bhI nahIM hai / saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra murAkA putra 'moraya' kahalAyagA, na ki maurya ! cANakyane jarUra candragupta ke prati sambodhanameM 'vRpa' zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai kintu usakA artha zuddha na hokara magaSamA rAnA honA ucita hai jaise ki kopakAra batalAte haiN| azokake liye 'devAnAM priya' sambodhana bahu prayukta huA hai kintu usako sAdhAraNa (maryAta mUrkha) arthameM koI grahaNa nahIM krtaa| 1-'mallado nandanAmAnaH kecidAnmahIbhujaH // 23 // sAyasininAmAsItapu vikhyAtapaurupaH... // 24 // rAziH palI sunandAsojjyeSThAnyA vRpalAtmanA / murAkhyA sA priyA garnuH zIlalAvaNyadhapadA // 25 // murA prastaM tanayaM moryAkhyaM gunnvtr...|| 31 // 2-1160 mA 1 pR. 59 va agha. pR0 6-7 / -hemacandrAcAryakA hemakopa dekho| - - - - -

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210] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / isI prakAra vRSalakA sAdhAraNa artha grahaNa karanA anucita hai| phira yaha asaMbhava hai ki cANakya ke samAna samajhadAra vyakti, apane 'usa kapAbhAjanake prati aise kSudra zabdakA prayoga kara use lajjita kare, jo eka bar3e sAmrAjyakA yogya zAsana thA aura jisakI bhrakuTi 'jarA Ter3hI honepara kisIko apane prANa bacAnA durbhara hojAtA thaa| phira cANakya to svayaM likhatA hai ki dala rAnAko bhI na kacha samajhanA bhUla hai| asala bAta yaha hai ki cANakya 'vRSala' zabdakA vyavahAra mAdara rUpameM-magadhake rAjAke artha meM-isaliye karatA thA ki isase usake usa prayatnakA mahatva pragaTa hotA thA jo usane candraguptako magadhakA rAjA banAne meM kiyA thA aura isakI smRti usake AnandakA kAraNa honA prAkRta ThIka hai / mudrArAkSasake brAhmaNa TIkAkArane sAmpradAyika dveSavaza candraguptako zUdanAta likha mArA hai varan svayaM hindU purANoMmeM caMdraguptake zUdra honekA koI patA nahIM caratA hai| ___ 'viSNupurANa' meM unako nandendu arthAt 'naMda-caMdra' (gupta), bhaviSyapurANameM 'maurya-naMda' aura bauddhoMke 'divyAvadAna' meM kevala 'nanda likhA hai| ina ullekhoMse caMdraguptakA kucha saMbaMdha naMdavaMzase pragaTa hotA hai / koI vidvAn 'mudrArAkSasa' se bhI yaha saMbaMdha pragaTa hotA likhate haiM; kintu ina ullekhoMse bhI candraguptakA zUdrAnAta 1-'durvalo'pi rAjAnAvamantavyaH nAstyagne daurbalyam / ' 2-adhaH pR0 6 5.hiDAva0 pari0 pR0 71...aura rAi* bhA0 1 pR0 60-61 bhAi0 pR. 62 / 3-javioso0 bhA0 . 1 pR. 116 phuTanoTa / 4-hidrAva0, bhUmikA pR0. 1.1-19 va adha: pR9, 5 /

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maurya sAmrAjya [211 honA siddha nahIM hai / jaina lekhaka to spaSTa rItise candraguptako kSatriya kahate haiN| hemacandrAcAyane 'mayUrapopaka' grAmake netAkI putrIko candraguptakI mAtA likhA hai| kiMtu isase bhAva 'mora pAlanevAle ke lagAnA anyAya hai| pratyuta isa ullekhase purANoM ke uparokta ullekhoMkA spaSTIkaraNa huA dRSTi par3atA hai| saMbhavataH naMda: rAnAkI eka rAnI mayUrapopaka deza ke netAkI putrI thI aura usIse candragupta kA janma huA thaa| jaba zUdrAnAta mahApadmane naMda rAjyapara Adhipatya jamA liyA to candragupta apanI nanasAlameM jAkara rahane lagA ho to asaMgata hI kyA hai? vahIMpara cANakyakI usase bheTa huI hogii| mana zAstroM meM eka mauryAkhya dezakA astitva mahAvIrasvAmIse pahalekA milatA hai / vahA~ke eka kSatriya putra-mauryaputra bhagavAna ke 1-simA0 mA0 1 ki0 4 10 19; bhAi.0 62 gha rAi0 bhAga 1 pR0 6. / 2-'mApopakamA tasmizca caNinandanaH / prAvizatakaNabhikSA paritrAnaveSabhRt // 230 // mayUrapopamahattAsya duhitustadA / amRdApanasattvAyAzcandrapAnAya dohadaH // 231||-8 // ' ityaadi| zrI hemacandra ke isa kathanase candragumako 'moroko pAlanevAlekI kanyAkA putra' likhanA ThIka nahIM hai; jaba ki vaha prAmakA nAma mayA popaka likha rahe hai| mi0 varodiyA (hilija0 pR. 44) aura unake anusAra mi0 haivala (hiAi0 pR0 66) ne 'mayUrapopaka' kA zabdArtha hI pragar3ha kiyA hai| 3-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN0 nandarAjAkA vivAha vipalivanake moriya (maurya) kSatriyoM kI rAjakumArIse hubhA samajhate haiN| dekho kSatrIlendra0 pR0 2051

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222] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / gaNadhara bhI the| udhara 'mahAvaMza' nAmaka bauddha graMthase pragaTa hI hai ki 'candragupta himAlaya parvatake AsapAsake eka dezakA, jo pippalivanameM thA aura mora pakSiyoM kI adhikatAke kAraNa maurya rAjya kahalAtA thA, eka kSatriya rAjakumAra thaa| hemacandrAcAryA mayurapoSaka grAma, digambara jainoM mauryAkhya deza aura vauddhoMke morikha (maurya) kSatriyoMzA pippalivanavAlA pradeza eka hI pratIta hote haiM aura isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki candragupta isa dezakI apekSA hI maurya kahalAtA thA / aisA hI matrakrinDalakA lekha hai| candraguptakA vAlyajIvana mauryAkhyadezakI apekSA adhikatara bAbA . magavadezamai vyatIta huA thaa| taba moriya jiivn| (maurya) kSatriyoMkI rAjadhAnI pippalIvana thii| ina logoMmeM bhI usa samaya gaNarAjya praNAlIke DhaMgapara rAjya prabaMdha hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki hemacaMdrAcAryane mayUrapoSaka dezake eka netAkA ullekha kiyA hai| unake use vahAMcA rAjA nahIM likhA hai| kintu mahApadma nandane inheM bhI apane . AdhIna banA liyA thA aura eka maurya kSatrI unakA senApati bhI rahA thA; yadyapi antameM unhoMne use aura usakI santAnako maravA DAlA thaa| mahApadmake AdhIna rahate huye maurya kSatrI sukhI nahIM rahe the| candraguptake bhI prANa sadaiva saMkaTameM rahate the kyoMki naMda rAjAko usase svabhAvataH bhaya honA anivArya thA; kiMtu caMdraguptakI vidhavA mAtAne unakI rakSA bar3I tatparatAse kI 1-vRjeza pR0 7 / 2-mahAvaMza-TIkA (siMhalIyAvRtti) pR0 119... / 3 bhAi0 pR. 32.1 4-jaisibhA0bhA0 ki0 410 21 / / -

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[223 maurya saamraajy| thii| phalataH nisasamaya caMdragupta yuvAvasthA pardApaNa kara rahe the, usasamaya unakA samAgama cANakyase huA, jo naMdarAnA dvArA apamAnita hokara usase apanA badalA cukAnekI dRr3ha pratijJA kara cukA thaa| cANakyane sAtha rahakara caMdragupta zastra-zAstrameM pUrNa dakSa hogayA aura vaha deza-videzoMmeM bhaTakatA phirA thA, isase usakA anubhava bhI khuba bar3hA thaa|jo ho, isase yaha prakaTa hai ki candragupta kA prAraMbhIka jIvana bar3A hI zocanIya tathA vipattipUrNa thaa| nisasamaya caMdragupta magadhakke rAjya siMhAsanapara ArUr3ha huye rAja-tilaka aura usa samaya vaha paccIsa varSake eka yuvaka the| raajyvRddhi| unakI isa yuvAvasthAkA vorocita aura bhArata hitakA anupama kArya yaha thA ki unhoMne apane dezako videzI yUnAniyoMkI parAdhInatAse chur3A diyA / sacamuca candraguptake aise hI dezahita sambandhI kArya use bhArata ke rAjanaitika raMgamaMcapara eka pratiSTita mahAvIra aura saMsArake samrAToMkI prathama zreNIkA samrATa pragaTa karate haiN| 'yogyatA, vyavasthA, vIratA aura sainya saMcAlanameM candragupta na kevala apane samaya meM advitIya thA, vAn saMsArake itihAtameM bahuta thor3e aise zAptaka huye haiM, jinako usake barAbara kahA nAsaktA hai|* magadhake rAjya prAta karaneke sAtha hI naMda rAnAkI virAT senA usake AdhIna huI thii| candraguptane usa vipulavAhinIzI vRddhi kI thii| usakI sena meM tIsa hajAra ghur3asavAra, nau hajAra hAthI, cha lAkha paidala aura bahusaMkhyaka ratha the| aisI durnaya . 1-vAdoMke 'artha kathAko' meM bhI yaha ullekha hai / jaisi bhA0 pUrva pR0 21 / 2-lAmAi0, mA0 pR0 142 / 3-ahie. pR0 124 /

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224] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / senAkI sahAyatAse usane samasta uttara bhArata ke rAjAoMko jIta liyA thaa| usake siMhAsanArUr3ha hone ke pahale uttarI bhAratameM hI . choTe 2 bahutase rAjA the, jo ApasameM lar3A karate the| dhIre dhIre candraguptane una sabako apane adhikArameM kara liyA aura usake sAmrAjyakA vistAra baMgAlakI khAr3Ise marava-samudra taka hogayA / isa prakAra " vaha zRGkhalAbaddha aitihAsika yugakA pahalA rAjA hai,, jise bhArata samrAT kaha sakate haiM / mahIsura prAMtakI arvAcIna mAnyatAoMse pragaTa hai ki usa ___ prAMtapara naMdavaMzakA bhI adhikAra thaa| yadi yaha : dkssinn-vijy| bAta ThIka mAnI jAya to naMdavaMzake uttarAdhikArI candragupta mauryakA adhikAra bhI ina dezoMmeM honA yuktisaMgata hai| tAmila bhASAke prAcIna sAhityameM anekoM ullekha haiM, jinase spaSTa hai ki mauryone dakSiNa bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA aura usameM ve saphala huye the| kintu isase yaha nizcaya pUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakkA ki dakSiNa bhAratakI yaha vijaya caMdragupta maurya dvArA hI huI thI athavA usake putra aura uttarAdhikArI bindusArane dakSiNa pradeza apane AdhIna kiyA thA / parantu yaha vidita hai ki candraguptakA pautra azoka jaba siMhAsanapara baiThA, taba yaha dakSiNa deza usake sAmrAjyameM zAmila thaa| maina mAnyatAke anusAra candraguptakA sAmrAjya dakSiNa bhArata taka honA pramANita hai|' * 1-bhAi0 pR0 62 / 2-oNhii0 pR0 74 / 3-zravaNa0 pR0 38 // mamaprAjesmA0 pR0 205 va jarAeso0; 1918, pR0 135 / .

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maurya sAmrAjya / [225 jisasamaya candragupta bhAratameM ukta prakAra eka zaktizAlI silyUkasa nAike- kendrika zAsana sthApita karane meM saMlagna thA, Tarase yuddh| usI samaya pazcimIya madhya aiziyAmeM sikaMdara mahAnkA silyUkasa nAikeTara nAmaka eka senApati apanA adhikAra jamAnekA prayAsa kara rahA thaa| usane bar3I saphalatAse siriyA, eziyA mAinara aura pUrvIya pradezoMko hastagata kara liyA thaa| usane bhAratako bhI phirase jItanA cAhA aura 305 I0 pU0 meM sindhu nadI pAra kara aayaa| candraguptakI ajeya senAne usakA sAmanA kiyA / pahilI hI muThabher3ameM silyUkasakI senA pichar3a gaI aura use davAra sa~ghi kara lenI pdd'ii| isa saMdhika anumAra siMdhu nadIke pazcimI mRgoM-vilocistAna aura aphagAnistAnako caMdraguptane apane rAjyameM milA liyaa| silyUkasa 500 hAthI lekara saMtuSTa hogyaa| usane apanI beTI bhI candraguptako vyAha dii| isa vinayase caMdragupta kA gaurava aura mAna videzoMmeM bar3ha gyaa| silyUkamakA duta usake rAjadarabAra meM Akara rahane lagA aura usake samparkase bhAratakA mahatvazAlI paricaya aura tAntrika jJAna trideziyoMko huA 1 paiho (Pyrrho ) nAmaka eka yUnAnI tatvavettA jaina zramaNoMse zikSA grahaNa karaneke liye yahAM calA AyA aura vyApArako bhI khUba unnati huI / candraguptake isa sAmrAjya vistArake apUrva kArya aura phira use vyavasthita bhAvase eka sUtra meM bAMdha rakhanese usakI adabhuta tenammitA, tatpAtA aura buddhimattAkA paricaya milatA hai| sAdhAraNa bhavasyAse uThakara vaha eka mahAna samrATa 1-bhAi0 pR0 62-6312-higlI0 pR0 42 va lAma0 pR0 34 / 15

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226) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hogayA, yaha usake madamya puruSArtha aura karmaThatAkA pramANapatra hai| silyUkasakI orase jo dUta maurya daravArameM AyA thA, vaha megAsthanIja nAmase vikhyAt thaa| vaha kaI zAsana avaya / varSAMtaka candraguptake darabArameM rahA thA aura bar3A vidvAn thA / usane usasamayakA purA vRtAnta likhA hai | vaha candraguptako yogya aura tejasvI zAsaka batalAtA hai| usake vRttAMta "evaM kauTilyake arthazAstrase candragupta ke zAsana-prabandha aura usa samayakI sAmAjika sthitikA acchA patA calatA hai| rAjyakA zAsana paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA thA; yadyapi pratyeka prAnta bhinna 2 gavarnaroMke AdhIna thA / ina prAMtika adhikAriyoMko cha paMcAyatoM dvArA rAjyaprabandha karanA par3atA thaa| 'eka paMcAyata pranAke janmamaraNakA hisAba rakhatI thI / dupsarI Taiksa yAnI cuMgI vasula karatI thii| tIsarI dastakArIkA prabaMdha karatI thii| cauthI videzIya logoMkI dekhabhAla karatI thii| pAMcavIM vyApArakA prabaMdha karatI thii| aura chaThI dastakArIkI cIjoM ke vikrayakA prabaMdha karatI thii| kucha videzIya loga bhI pATaliputra meM rahate the| unakI suvidhA ke liye alaga niyama banA diye gaye the|" pATaliputra usa samaya eka bar3A samRddhizAlI nagara thA / aura vaha maurya samrATkI rAjadhAnI thii| taba yaha nagara rAjadhAna sona aura gaMgAke saMgamapara 9 mIlakI lambAI aura 13 mIla caur3AImeM batA thaa| isaprakAra vaha vartamAnaM paTanAkI taraha laMbA, saMkIrNa aura samAMtara caturbhunAkAra thaa| usake cAroM ora mAi pR063

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- - maurya sAmrAjya / [227 eka lakar3IkI dIvAra thii| isameM 64 phATaka aura 570 mInAra the| isake bAhara 200 gana caur3I aura 15 gana gaharI khAI thI, jo sonake jalase bharI rahatI thii| vartamAna paTanA nagarake nIce yaha prAcIna pATaliputra tupA par3A hai| bAMkIpurake nikaTameM khudAI karanese caMdragupta ke rAjaprAsAdakA kucha aMza milA hai| yaha rAnabhavana bhI lakar3IkA banA humA thA, paraMtu sanadhana aura suMdaratAmeM kisI rAjamahalase kama na thaa| rAjyake zAsana-prabandhaka samAna hI nagarakA prabaMdha eka myunisipala kamIzana dvArA hotA thaa| isameM bhI chai paMcAyateM thIM aura pratyeka paMcAyatameM pAMca sadasya inake dvArA deza aura nagarakA sucAru aura Adarza prabaMdha hotA thaa| candraguptakA zAsana prabandha Anakalake prajAtaMtra rAjyoM ke liye zAsana prabandhakI eka anukaraNIya Adarza thA| mAjAlakI vishesstaaye| myunisipila kameTiyoMse yadi usakI tulanA kI jAya, to vaha prAcIna prabandha kaI bAtoM meM acchA mAlama degaa| candraguptake isa vyavasthita zAsanameM pratyeka manuSya aura pazutakakI rakSAkA pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| kauTilyake arthazAstrameM pazuoMke bhojana, gauoMke duhune aura dUdha, makkhana mAdikI svacchatAke sambaMdha, niyama diye huye milate haiM / pazuoMko nirdayatA aura corIse bacAne ke niyama savistara diye gaye haiN| eka jaina samrATake liye aisA dayAlu aura udAra prabaMdha karanA sarvathA ucita hai| manuSyoMkI rakSAkA bhI purA prabaMdha thaa| vyApAriyoM ke liye kaI sar3akeM banavAI gaI thIM; jinapara musAphiroMkI rakSAkA pUrA prabandha thaa| 1-meei. 1 lAmAi0.10:167 / -

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228] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAratakI sImAse pATaliputratA rAjamArga banA huA thaa| yaha mArga zAyada pupcalAvatI (gAndhArakI rAjadhAnI ) se takSazilA hokara ilana, vyAsa, satalaja, jamanAco pAra karatA huA tathA hastinApura, kannauja aura prayAga hotA huA pATaliputra pahuMcatA thaa| sar3akoM kI dekhabhAlA vimAga alaga thA x durbhikSakI vyavasthA ucca nyAyAlaya karate the| jo banna sarakArI bhaNDAroMmeM mAtA yA usakA bhASA bhAga durbhikSake dinoMke liye surakSita rakhatA jAtA thA aura makAna par3anepara isa bhANDArIle bhanna bAMTA jAtA thaa| jagalI phasalake vIjake liye bhI yahIse diyA jAtA thA candragutake rAjya ke aMtina cAlameM eka bhISaNa durbhikSa par3A thaa| khetoMkI siMcAInA purA prabandha rakhA jAtA thA, jisake liye eka vibhAga alaga thaa| candragutake kAThiyAvAr3ake zAsaka pucaguptane giranAra parvatake samIpa 'sudarzana' nAmaka jhIla banavAI thii| choTI bar3I naharoM dvArA sAre dezameM pAnI pahuMcAyA jAtA thaa| naharamA mahakamA bhAvapAzI-kara vamula karatA thaa| isake atirikta kisAnoMse padAvAracA caudhAI bhAga damUla kiyA jAtA thaa| mAyAta niryAta Adi aura bhI kara prajApara lagU the| rAjyameM kisI pracArakI anIti na hone pAye, isake liye __ candraguptane eka guptacara vibhAga sthApita jiyA guptacara vibhAga "' thaa| nagaroM aura prAMtoMkI samasta ghaTanAmoMpara dRSTi rakhanA bora samrATa athavA adhikArI vargako guptarIlise sucanA 4 bhAmArA0 mA0 2 pR0 49 | 1-lAbhAi0 pR. 137 / 2-mAi0 pR. 64 / 3-jarAeto. san 1891 pR. 47 /

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maury-saamraajy| [229 denA inakA kArya thaa| megAsthanIja likhatA hai ki ina guptacaroMpara koI mithyA samAcAra denekA doSAropaNa kabhI nahIM huA; kyoMki kisI bhI bhAratIyase yaha aparAdha kabhI nahIM bana par3A / sacamuca prAcIna bhAratake nivAsI sacAI aura ImAnadArIke liye vahata hI vikhyAta the| candraguptakA phaunadArI kAnUna kaThora thaa| yadi kisI kArI ___ garako koI coTa pahuMcAtA, to use prANadaNDa hI daNDa vidhAna milatA thaa| yadi koI vyakti kisIko aMgahIna kara detA to daNDa svarUpa vaha bhI usI aMgase hIna kiyA jAtA thA aura hAtha dhAtemeM kATa liyA jAtA thaa| jhUThI gavAhI denevAleke nAka kAna kATa liye jAte the| pavitra vRkSoMko hAni pahuMcAnevAlA bhI daNDa pAtA thA / sirake bAla mur3a diye jAnekA daNDa bar3A lajjAjanaka samajhA jAtA thaa| sAdhAraNataH corIke aparAdhameM aMga chedakA daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| cuGgIkA mahasUla denemeM TAlamaTUla karanevAlA mRtyudaNDa pAtA thaa| aparAdhI kar3I yAtanAoM dvArA aparAdha svIkAra karane ke liye vAdhya kiye jAte the| candraguptake phaujadArI kAnunakI yaha kaThoratA kiMcit mApattijanaka kahI jA saktI hai; kintu jinhoMne iMglenDa Adi yUropIya dezoMkA nikaTa mRtakAlIna itihAsa par3hA hai, vaha jAnate haiM ki ina dezoMmeM bhI jarAra se aparAdhake liye bhI prANadaNDa denekA rivAja thaa| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcInakAlameM daNDakI kaThoratAmeM 1-mAi0 pR0 64, mahii0 pR0 129 aura lAmAha pR0 150, 2-bhAi0 pR0 64 aura lAmAi0 pR0 159-160 /

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230 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | sadAcAra aura sunItikI bar3havArIkA vizvAsa thA / candraguptake vipayameM kahA jAsaktA hai ki usakA yaha kaThora daNDavidhAna saphala huA thA | megAsthanIja likhatA hai ki jitane samaya taka yaha caMdraguptakI senAmeM rahA, usa samaya cAra lAkha manuSyoM ke samUhameM kabhI kisI eka dina meM 120) rupayese adhika kI corI nahIM nahIM huI / aura yaha prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara thI / bhAratIya kAnUnakI zaraNa bahuta kama lete the / unameM vAyadAkhilAphI aura khayAnata ke mukaddameM kabhI nahIM hote the / unheM sAkSiyoMkI bhI jarUrata nahIM par3atI thii| ve 1 bhAratIya apane gharoMko vinA tAlA lagAye hI chor3a dete the / isa 'ullekhase spaSTa hai ki candraguptake daNDa vidhAnakA nRzaMsarUpa janatAko sadAcArI aura rAjyAjJAnuvartI banAne meM sahAyaka thA | isa dazAmeM usakA prayoga adhikatA ke sAtha prAyaH nahIM honA saMbhava hai| candraguptakI vizAla senAkI vyavasthA ke liye eka sainika vibhAga thA / senA ke cAroM bhAgoM - (1) paidaka sainika vibhAga / sipAhI, (2) azvArohI, (3) ratha, (8) hAthIkA prabandha cAra paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA thA / pAMcavIM paMcAyata kamasariyaTa vibhAga aura sainika naukara-cAkaroMkA prabandha karatI thI / chaThI paMcAyata jahAjoM kA prabandha karatI thI / senAko vetana nagada milatA thA / " jahAna Adi saba yahIM banAye jAte the / isa vyavasthAse spaSTa hai ki caMdraguptakA sainika prabaMdha sarvAGga pUrNa aura sarAiMnIya thA / yadi usakI vyavasthA ThIka na hotI to itane bar3e sAmrAjyapara vaha sahasA adhikAra na jamA saktA ! - " 1-meaii0 pR0 69-70 / 2-mAi0 1066 /

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maurya saamraajy| [231 mauryakAlakI sAmAnika dazA bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayase kucha adhika vilakSaNa nahIM thii| vaha prAyaH sAmAjika dazA mIhI thii| brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdrayaha cAra pradhAna jAtiyAM thI aura inako apanA vaMzagata vyavasAya karanA anivArya thaa| kintu pratyeka prANIko rAjAjJAse dUsarA athavA ekase adhika vyavasAya karanekI svAdhInatA prApta thii| ina vAmeM paraspara udAratAkA vyavahAra thaa| jAtIya kaTTaratAkA nAmazeSa nahIM thaa| pArasparika sahayogase rahate huye yahAMke loga bar3e sukhaptampanna aura sadAcArI the / ve manuSya jIvanake cAroM purupArtho-dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa-kA samucita sAdhana karate the| brahmacaryadazAmeM rahakara vidyAdhyayana karanese unakI buddhi kuzAgra aura svAsthya anupama rahatA thaa| ve sadA satyavAdI the| aura zilpa evaM kalAkauzalameM bar3e nipuNa the| sone cAMdI aura javAharAtake mAmRpaNa banAne ke liye dezameM sone, cAMdI, tAMbe, lohe, ratna mAdikI khAne thii| taba bhAratIya macchara zastra aura bar3e jahAna banAte the| usa samaya yahAMkA zilpa aura vANijya unnatikI caramasImApara pahuMcA huA thA / siMdhudezake sundara vastra aura dezakI banI huI anya vastuyeM dUra 2 videzoMmeM vikaneke liye jAtI thiiN| megAsthanIna likhatA hai ki "bhAratIya yadyapi sarala svabhAva haiM aura sAdagIko bahuta pasaMda karate haiM; paraMtu ratnoM, alaM-- kAroM aura paricchedoMkA unako svAsa zauka hai / paricchadoMpara suna 1-mAprArA. bhA0 2 pR. 91 / 2-lAbhAi0 mA0 10 149 / / 3-mAprA00 mA0 2 pR0 92. / -

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232] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / halA aura rupahalA kAma karAte haiM / ve nihAyata bArIkase bArIka malamalapara phUladAra kAmakI banI huI pozAkeM pahinate haiM / unake Upara chatariyAM lagAte haiM, kyoMki bhAratIyoMko saundaryakA bahuta dhyAna hai| eriyana niryAkasake anusAra likhatA hai ki " bhAratavAsI nIce ruIkA eka vastra pahanate haiM, jo ghuTane ke nIce mAdhI dUra taka rahatA hai / aura usake Upara eka dUsarA vastra pahinate haiM / jise kucha to ve kaMdhoMpara rakhate haiM aura kucha apane sirake cAroM ora lapeTa lete haiM / ve sapheda camar3eke jUte pahanate haiM; jo bahuta hI acche bane huye hote haiM / isa lekhase prAcIna graMthoM meM likhe haye 'adhovastra' aura 'uttarIya'kA codha hotA hai| adhikAMza janatA zAkAhArI thI aura madyapAna nahIM karatI thii| AbanUmake cikane velanoMko tvacApara phirAkara mAliza karAnekA bahuta rivAja thaa| brAhmaNoM aura zramaNoMkA Adara * vizeSa thaa| zramaNa saMpradAyameM pratyeka mumukSu AtmakalyANa karanekA sAdhana prApta kara letA thaa| .. cAroM vargoM meM paraspara vivAha sambandha pracalita thA / vivAha mahilAoM kI javAna puruSoM aura yuvatI kanyAyoMke hote the| * mahimA / taba bAlyavivAhakA nAma sunAI nahIM par3atA thaa| vivAha ke samaya pati strIko alaGkAra Adi dete the, para Ajakalake musalamAnoMke 'mehara ke samAna 'vRtti' (yA strIdhana) nAmakA nizcita ghana bhI dete the| isa dhana evaM anya jo sampatti strIko apane 1-aiime0, pR. 70 / 2-bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 89 :

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maury-saamraajy| riztedAroM se milatI, usapara usakA pUrA adhikAra hotA thaa| vaha jaise cAhe vaise usako kharca kara saktI thii| strI-dhanakI rakSA ke liye kar3e niyama rAjyakI orase bane huye the / * kintu yadi patikI mRtyuke uparAnta strI dUsarA vivAha karatI thI, to usakA sArA strIdhana japta hojAtA thaa| hAM, zvasurakI sammatise dUsarA vivAha karanepara vaha usa dhanako pAsaktI thii| para itanA spaSTa hai ki punarvivAha heya dRSTi se hI dekhA jAtA thaa| punarvivAha karane ke liye atIva kaThina niyama banA diye gaye the jinameM striyoMke isa madhikArako yathAsaMbhava parimita karane kA prayAsa thaa| puruSoM meM bahu vivAha karanekA rivAna thA; kintu isake liye bhI samucita rAjaniyama bane hue the| eka patnIse yadi saMtAna na ho, to dusarA vivAha karanekI sAdhAraNa mAjJA thI / aura dUsarI patnIse bhI putrotpanna na ho, to puruSa tIsarA aura phira cauthA ityAdi sAmarthyake anusAra vivAha kara saktA thA; kintu dUsarA vivAha karaneke pahale use prathama patnIke bharaNa-poSaNakA pUrA prabandha kara denA anivArya thaa| isa niyamake hone ke kAraNa bahuta kama aise puruSa hote the jo bahupatnIka hoN| kinhIM vizeSa avasthAoMmeM vivAha viccheda karanekI bhI rAnAjJA thii| kiMtu usa samaya eka pativrata aura eka patnIvratakI pradhAnatA thii|' -jana kAnunameM isa vAtakA khAsa dhyAna rakkhA gayA hai / usIke anusAra candragupta jaise jaina samrATkA gajya niyama honA upayukta hai| 1-sarasvatI, bhA0 28 khaNDa 2 pR0 1367 / - -

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234] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / usa samayakI samAjameM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha evaM mAjIvika .. dharma pracalita the| jainadharmakA pracAra khuna thA; dhArmika sthiti / jaise ki mudrArAkSasa nATakase prakaTa hai|' pratyeka saMpradAyake dharmAyatana bane huye the| tyauhAroM aura pAke avasaroMpara bar3I dhUmadhAmase utsava manAye jAte the aura samArohapUrvaka bar3e 2 julUsa nikAle jAte the jinameM sone aura cAMdIke gahanoMse saje haye vizAlakAya hAthI sammilita hote the| 'cArara ghor3oM aura bahutase bailoMkI nor3iyoMvAlI gAr3iyAM aura vallamabaradAra hote the| julasameM atIva bahumUlya sone cAMdI aura javAharAtake kAmake vartana aura pyAle mAdi sAtha jAte the| uttamottama mena,. kurasiyAM aura anya sajAvaTakI sAmigrI sAtha hotI thii| sunahale tAroMse kADhI huI naphIsa pozAkeM, jaMgalI jantu, baila, bhaise, cIte, pAlatu siMha, sundara aura surIle kaNThavAle pakSI bhI sAtha calate the / mAjakalakI jaina sthayAtrA prAyaH isa hI DhaMgapara susajjita nikAlI jAtI haiM / pazu, pakSiyoMko sAtha rakhanemeM, zrI tIrthakara bhagavAna samozaraNako pratyakSameM pragaTa karanA iSTa thaa| mazokakA potA saMprati aisI hI eka jaina yAtrAko apane rAjamahala parase dekhate huye sambodhiko prApta humA thaa| isase bhI usasamaya jainadharmakI pradhAnatA spaSTa hojAtI haiN| taba vaha rASTra-dharma honekA gaurava prApta kiye huye thaa| 1-dhIra varSa 5 pR. 387-391 // 2-lAmAi0 mA* 150 / 3-pari0 pR. 92-96 /

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maurya saamraajy| uparokta varNanase samrATa caMdraguptake rAjanaitika jIvanakA candragatakA vaiyaktika paricaya prApta hai / 'pratyeka manuSya svayaM jAvana / vicAra kara sakatA hai ki yaha kaisA pratApI aura vilakSaNa rAnA thA; nisane kevala 24 varSake alpasamayameM hI apane hAthoM sthApita kiye navIna rAjyako aisI unnata dazApara pahuMcA diyo / mAnase 22 sau varSa pUrvake isake rAjya prabaMdhakA varNana par3hakara hamAre pUrvajoMko mUrkha samajhanevAlI AjakalakI sAmyAbhimAnI jAtiyAM bhI Azcaryacakita hotI haiM / ' candraguptakA vaiyaktika jIvana bhI Adarza thaa| vaha dinamara rAjasabhA baiThakara nyAya kiyA karatA thA aura vaidezika dutoM bhAdise milatA thaa| rAjAkI, rakSA ke liye yavanadezakI striyAM niyata thIM, jo zastravidyA aura saMgIta zAstrameM catura hotI thiiN| isa dezakI bhASA aura rahana sahanase unakA hI bilakula paricaya na hone ke kAraNa kisI Sar3ayantra meM unakA saMmilita honA masaMbhava thaa| rAnA bhar3akIlI pozAka pahinatA thA aura usakI savArI bhI bar3I zAna zaukatase nikalatI thii| usakI savArIke cAroM ora sazastra yavana striyAM calatI thI aura unake irdagirda bachIvAle sipAhI rahate the| mArgameM rassiyoMse sImA nirdhArita kara dI jAtI thii| isa sImAko ullaMghana karanevAlA mRtyudaNDa pAtA thaa| rAnAko bhAvanUsake belanoMse deha davavAnekA bar3A zauka thaa| rAna darabAra meM bhI unakI isa sevAke liye cAra paricAraka niyata rahate the| rAnAkI varSagAMTha bar3I dhUmadhAmase manAI jAtI thii| rAjA niyamita rUpase dhArmika kriyAyeM karate the aura munijanoM (zramaNoM) -ArA0 bhA0 2 pR. 45|2-maamaaraa. bhA. 2 pR. 8000 / - - - - -

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236] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ko mAhAra dete the| unake ekase adhika rAniyAM thiiN| rAnI suprabhA unameM pradhAna thii| eka rAnI vaizya varNakI thI, jisakA bhAI puppagupta giranAra prAMtakA zAsaka thaa| usa samaya rAjAke nikaTa sambaMdhiyoMko vividha prAMtoM meM zAsaka niyata karane kA rivAna thaa| tIsarI rAnI videzI yavana rAnA silyUkasakI putrI thii| yavana logoMko yadyapi Ana mleccha samajhate haiM, kintu mAlUma hotA hai, usa samaya unake sAtha vivAha sambaMdha karanA anucita nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| - ina tIna rAniyoM ke atirikta unake aura bhI koI rAnI thI, yaha vidita nahIM hai / samrAT candraguptakA putra aura uttarAdhikArI bindusAra thA / 'rAjAbalIkathe' meM zAyada inhIMkA nAma siMhasena likhA hai| inake atirikta candraguptake aura koI saMtAna thI, yaha mAlUma nahIM hai| isa prakAra gArha sthika AnandakA upayoga karate huye bhI caMdragupta nizaGka nahIM the| gupta SaDyaMtroMke kAraNa unheM sadA hI apane prANoM kA bhaya lagA rahatA thaa| unake pAsa pracura dhana thA aura ThAThavATakA sAmAna bhI khUba thaa| jaina zAstroMse pragaTa hai ki samrATa caMdragupta jaina dharmAnuyAyI ... the| vaha digambara jaina muniyoM (nigraMthaznamaNoM) candragupta jaina the| 14' kI vandanA-pUjA karate the aura unako vinayapUrvaka AhAradAna dete the| jaina granthoM ke isa vaktavyakA samarthana . 1-jarAeso0 bhA0 9 10 176 ||2-shrvnn pR020| 3-saMprA. jaismA0 pR0 178 / 4-bhAi0 pu. 65 / 5-zramaNa, pR. 31 / * 6-mAi0 pR066| 7-pravaNa0 pR0 25-40 /

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[ 237 maurya sAmrAjya | megAsthanIjake kathane evaM 'mudrArAkSasa' nATakake varNanase hotA hai / " maukhyadeza meM jainadharmakA pracAra vizeSa thA / eka maurthyaputra svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke gaNadhara the / aura nandavaMza bhI jainadharma bhaktathA, yaha pragaTa hai / isa dazA meM candraguptakA jaina- eka zrAvaka honA kucha bhI pratyokti nahIM rakhatA / jaina zAstra use eka Adarza aura dharmAtmA rAjA pragaTa karate haiM / kintu unake jaina na hone meM sabase bar3I mApatti yaha kI jAtI hai ki vaha zikAra kheLate the / para caMdraguptake zikAra khelane saMbandha meM jo pramANa diyA jAtA hai, vaha yUnAnI lekhakoMkA bhrAnta varNana hai / kyoMki yunAniyoMne jahAMpara I zikAra khelanekA varNana diyA hai; vahAM candraguptakA spaSTa nAmollekha. nahIM hai / vaha kathana sAdhAraNa rUpameM hai / aura idhara jainazAstroMse yaha pragaTa hI hai ki caMdraguptane kabhI zikAra yadi koI saMkalpI hiMsAkarma nahIM kiyA thA / ataH mAluma yaha par3atA hai ki candragupta janma se avirata samyagdRSTI jainI the; kintu phira jaina muniyoMke upadezako pAkara unhoMne ahiMsA mAdi vratoMko grahaNa karake apanA zeSa jIvana dharmamaya banA liyA thA / yadi unhoMne pahilese zrAvakake vratoMkA abhyAsa na kiyA hotA, to yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki vaha ekadama jaina muni hojAte / unakA jaina muni honA prAcInatama sAkSIse siddha hai aura use 1 - jarA so0 bhA0 9 pR0 176 / 2 - vIra varSa 5 pR0 390 // 3- IsAkI pahilI yA dUsarI zatAbdike grantha 'tilazeyapaNNati' (gA0 71) meM candraguptako jaina muni honA likhA hai / aura use "mukuTadhara " rAjA likhA hai| 'mukuTadhara se bhAva sambhavataH usa rAjAse hai jisake

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238] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / Adhunika vidvAna bhI mAnya ThaharAte haiM / bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIse caMdraguptane dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura unakA dIkSita nAma muni pramAcaMdra thaa| inhoMne apane guru bhadravA ke sAtha dakSiNako gamana kiyA * thA aura zravaNavelagolameM inane samAdhipUrvaka svarga lAma kiyA thaa| ___ isa spaSTa aura joradAra mAnyatAke samakSa caMdraguptako jaina na mAnakara zeva mAnanA, satyakA galA ghoMTanA hai / hindu zAstroM meM avazya unake jaina sAdhu honekA pragaTa ullekha nahIM hai; parantu hiMdU zAstra unheM eka zUdrAjAta likhanekA dussAhasa karate haiM; vaha kisa bAtakA dyotaka hai ? yadi caMdragupta jaina nahIM the, to unhoMne eka kSatrI rAnAko bhakAraNa varNa-zaMkara kyoM likhA? isa varNanameM sAMpradAyika dveSa sApha Tapaka rahA hai| jaise ki vidvAn mAnate haiM aura isa taraha bhI caMdragupta kA na honA pragaTa hai| koI vidvAna unake nRzaMsa daMDa vidhAna mAdipara Apatti karate haiM aura yaha kriyA eka jaina samra ke liye ucita nahIM smjhte| kintu unakA daNDavidhAna kaThina hote huye bhI anIti pUrNa aura anAAdhIna eka hajAra rAjA ho| candragupta maurya aise hI pratApI rAjA the| zilAlekhIya sAkSI I0. sanke prArambhika kAlakI hai / (desI0 zravaNa pR0 25-40 va jaisimA0 bhA0 ) / 1-ahii0 pR0 154; maisUra eNDa kurga-rAisa, mA. 1; hivi0 - mA0 7 pR0 156, irii0-candragupta; hida0 bhA0 1 10 484 aura sAijai0 pR0 20-25,.hiAi0 pR0 59 anIma aura ii bhI pheya ..Ava azoka pR0 23 va javioso bhA0 3 0 / 2-jaisimA0 bhA0 1 ki02-3-4 va kaihii. bhA01 pR0 485 / 3-rAi0 mA0 1 0 161 / 4-lIbhAi :pR0 153 / / -

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 239 cArako bar3hAnevAlA nahIM thA / usakA uddezya janasAdhAraNa meM sunItikA pracAra karanA thA / aura isa uddezyameM vaha saphala huA thA; jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiN| tathApi usameM jaba pazuoM aura vRkSoM takakI rakSAkA pUrNa dhyAna thA, taba use jainadharmake viruddha khayAla karanA mUla bharA hai / candragupta avazya hI eka bar3e nItijJa aura udAramanA jaina samrAT the / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka dharmake zAstroM meM unakA ullekha huA milatA hai| jaina zAstroMmeM unakA vizeSa varNana hai aura vaha unake aMtima jIvanakA eka yathArtha varNana karate haiM; varan anya kisI jainetara zrotase yaha patA hI nahIM calatA hai ki unakA -rAjya kisa prakAra pUrNa huA thaa| jaina zAstra batalAte haiM ki vaha apane putrako rAjya dekara jaina muni hogaye the aura yaha kArya unake samAna eka dharmAtmA rAjAke liye sarvathA upayukta thA / ataeva caMdraguptakA jaina honA niHsaMdeha ThIka hai / mi0 smitha kahate haiM ki ""jainiyoMne sadaiva ukta maurya samrATko vimbasAra (zreNika) ke saTaza "jaina dharmAvalaMbI mAnA hai aura unake isa vizvAsako jhUTha kahane ke "liye koI upayukta kAraNa nahIM hai / "* koI vidvAna kahate haiM ki yadi candragupta jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, to vaha eka brAhmaNako apanA maMtrI nahIM rakha cANakya | sakte the / kiMtu isa Apatti meM kucha tathya nahIM hai, kyoMki kaI eka jaina rAjAoMke maMtrI vaMza paramparA rItipara athavA svAdhIna rUpameM brAhmaNa the / aura phira jaina zAstroM kA kahanA 1 1 - avaNa0 pR0 37 va Ahi0 pR0 75-76 / 2 - Ahi0 pR0 75 va jaizisaM0 bhU0 pR0 69 /

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240] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hai ki caMdraguptake brAhmaNa maMtrI cANakya, jinako viSNugupta, dromila, drohiNa, aMzula, kauTilya Adi aneka nAmoMse saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai, eka jaina brAhmaNake putra the| golla nAmaka grAmameM caNaka nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| vaha pakkA zrAvaka thaa| caNezvarI usakI bhAryA thii| cANakyakA janma inhIMke gRhameM humA thaa| vaha bhI apane mAtA pitAke samAna eka zramaNopAsaka Avaka thaa| nandarAnA dvArA apamAnita hokara usane rAjyabhraSTa caMdraguptakA mAzraya liyA thaa| usakA sAtha dekara vaha caMdragupta ke rAnA honepara svayaM usakA rAja-maMtrI huA thaa| cANakyane saMbhavataH caMdragupta ke liye rAjanItikA eka acchA grantha likhA thaa| usakA eka arvAcIna saMskaraNa prApta hai / vaha 'kauTilyakA arthazAstra' nAmase chapa bhI cukA hai / isa granthameM kaI eka aisI bAteM haiM jo jainadharmase saMbaMdha rakhatI haiN| pazuoM kI rakSAkA vidhAna karanA, lekhakako ahiMsA dharmapremI prakaTa karaneko paryApta hai| eka jaina vidvAna usameM khAsa jena zabdoMkA prayoga huA bata3-pari0, pR0 77 // caNI cANakya ityAkhyAM dadau tasyAMgajanmanaH / cANakyo'pi prAyako'bhUtsarva vidyabdhipAragaH // 20 // zramaNopAsakatvena sa santopa dhanaH sadA / kulIna brAhmaNasyaikAmeva kanyAmupAyata // 20 // ityAdi ! digambara jaina granthoM ( haripeNa kathADopa va sAka0 bhA0 3 pR0 .46) meM cANakyake pitAkA nAma kapila aura unakI mAtAkA nAma devilA likhA hai / ve veda pAGgata vidvAna the| mahIdhara nAmaka janamunise unane jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| . -

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maurya saamraajy| _ [241 lAte haiM; jaise upabheda vAcI 'prakRti' zabda / jainadarzanameM karmoke 148 bhedoMko 'prakRtiyAM' kahate haiM / kauTilya bhI isa zabdako isI arthameM prayukta karatA hai, yathA " ari aura mitrAdika rASTroMkI saba kula prakRtiyAM 72 hotI haiM / " unane apane nItisUtroM meM jaina prabhAvake kAraNa hI jainAcAra viSayaka kaI siddhAMtoMko bhI likhA hai; jaise " dayA dharmasya janmabhUmiH"; "ahiMsA lakSaNo * dharmaH ", " mAMsabhakSaNamayuktaM sarveSAm ", " sarvamanityaM bhavati"; "vijJAnadIpena saMsArabhayaM nivartate / " ityAdi / ____ unhoMne apane arthazAstrameM rAya dI hai ki rAnA apane nagarake bIca, vinaya, vaijayaMta, jayaMta aura aparAjita nAmaka devatA oM kI sthApanA pare! ye cAroM hI devatA jaina haiM ! aura jaina paMDita kahate haiM ki sAMsArika dRSTile nagarake bIca inake maMdiroMke banavAnekI yoM jarUrata hai ki ye cAroM hI devatA usa sthAnake rahanevAle haiM, jahAMkI sabhyatA aura nAgarikatA aisI bar3hI car3hI hai ki vahAMpara prajAsattAtmaka rAjya athavA sAmrAjyazUnya hI saMsAra basA hubhA hai / ye apanI par3hI-car3hI sabhyatAke kAraNa sabake saba ahamindra kahalAte haiM aura inake rahane ke sthAnako U~cA svarga jaina zAstroM meM mAnA hai| loka zikSAke liye tathA rAjanItikA utkRSTa dhyeya batalAne ke liye ina devatAoM kA pratyeka nagarake bIca honA jarUrI hai| ina ullekhoM evaM aise hI anya ullekhoMse, mo artha zAstrakA adhyayana karanese pragaTa hote haiM, cANakyakA jainadharma viSaya hI zraddhAna pragaTa hai| aura antameM cANikyane jaina zAstrAnusAra jaina sAdhukI vRtti grahaNa karalI thii| 1-Aka0 bhA0 3 pR. 51-52 / 16

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242 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | cANakya jainAcArya huye the aura apane 500 ziSyoM sahita unane deza videzoM meM vihAra karake dakSiNake vanavAsa nAmaka dezameM sthita krauMcapura nagarake nikaTa prAyopagamana sanyAsa le liyA thA / cANakya ke sAdhu hone kA jikra jainetara zAstroMmeM bhI hai| isa avasthAmeM cANakyako jaina brAhmaNa mAnanA athavA unapara jainadharmakA prabhAva par3A svIkAra karanA kucha anucita nahIM hai| cANakyako avazya hI jainadharmase prema thA / ataeva candraguptane unako maMtrIpadadekara eka ucita kArya hI kiyA thA / cANakya ke maMtrI honese unake jainatvameM kucha bhI antara nahIM par3atA hai| yahI bAta prasiddha itihAsajJa zrI vinsenTa smitha svIkAra karate haiN| vaha kahate haiM ki 'caMdragupta ne rAjagaddI eka kuzala brAhmaNakI sahAyatA se prApta kI thI, yaha bAta caMdraguptake jaina dharmAvalamvI hone ke kucha bhI viruddha nahIM par3atI / ' (Ahii0 0 79 ) isa avasthAmeM samrAT caMdragupta aura cANakyake jaina honeke kAraNa bhAratavarSake prathama uddhArakA yaza jainiyoM ko hI prApta hai / kahate haiM ki caMdraguptane kula cauvIsa varSe rAjya kiyA thA / dharma-prabhAvana kArya aura anta meM vaha jaina sAdhu hogayA thaa| ke aura samAdhimaraNa | usane apanI rAjyAvasthA meM jainadharma prabhAvanAke liye kyAra kArya kiye the, unakA patA lagA lenA Aja kaThina 1-Aka0 bhA0 3 pR0 51-52 / 2 - hiDrAva0, bhUmikA pR0 1026 / 3 - javiooso0 bhA0 1 pR0 115 - 116. mi0 jAyasavAla ne candraguptakA rAjya kAla san 326 I0 pu0 se sana 302 I0 pU0taka likhA kintu zrI0 nagendranAtha vasu isase bahuta pahile unakA rAjyakAla nirdhArita karate hai; unakA kahanA hai ki " sikandarakA samakAlIna candragupta na

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maurya saamraajy| [243 hai| kintu unake samAna eka nyAyazIla aura dharmAtmA rAjAne avazya hI dharmake liye koI Thosa kArya kiye hoMge, yaha mAna lenA ThIka hai| itanA to kahA jAtA hai ki dakSiNake jainatIrtha 'zravaNabelagolake pApta jo gAMva hai usako samrATa caMdraguptane hI vasAyA thA / ajaina vidvAna bhI kahate haiM ki unhoMne dakSiNa bhArata ke zrI zAlam prAMtameM eka nagarako janma diyA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha usa ora jaba apanA sAmrAjya-vistAra karate hue pahuMce the, taba ukta jaina tIrthakI vandanA kI thI aura vahAMpara eka grAmakI jar3a jamAI thii| uparAMta yaha grAma jainadharmakA mukhya kendra huA aura aba bhI hai| bhale hI caMdragupta ke anya dharma kAryoM kA patA mAna na cale; kintu jainadharmake itihApsameM unakA nAma aura unakA rAjya avazya ho pramukha sthAna prApta kiye rhegaa| isakA kAraNa hai ki unake samayameM hI jainadharmakA pUrNazruta vyakSipta huA thA aura nena saMghameM digambara evaM zvetAMbara bhedakI jar3a bhI taba hI namI thii| azokake samayameM saMkalita hue bauddha zAstroMse bhI isI samayake lagabhaga jaina saMghameM matabheda khar3A hone kA samarthana hotA hai| (bhvtu| Z0 213) di. jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki samrATa caMdraguptane hokara azoka thaa| unakA samaya 372 I0 pU0 ThIka hai / hindU, bauddha aura jaina zrotose yahI pramANita hotA hai" (dekho hivi0 bhA0 150 587) yadi 372 I0 pU0 candraguptakA samaya mAnA jAya to bhadrabAhukA samaya 60 pR0 383 unake samayase karIba 2 A milatA hai| kintu azokake lekhoM meM jina videzI rAjAoMkA ullekha hai, unakA samaya itanA prAcIna hai ki azokako sikandarakA mamakAlIna mAnA jaave| 1-mamaiprAjasmA0 pR. 205 / 2-aihi0 mA0 9 pR0 19 /

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244] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / solaha svapna dekhe the; jinakA phala zrI bhadravAhunI zrutakevalIne batalAyA thaa| ___isakA niSkarSa isa kalikAla meM jainadharma aura mArya maryAdAkSAH hAsa honA thA; kintu paM0 jugalakizoranI mukhtAra ina svapnoMko kalpita ThaharAte haiM / jo ho, itanA spaSTa hai ki jainadharmameM aura khAsakara digambara jainadharmameM caMdraguptakA sthAna bar3e gaurava aura mahasvakA hai| jainiyoMne unakI jIvana ghaTanAoMko pattharakI zilAoMpara sundara citrakArImeM aMkita kara rakkhA hai| avaNavelagolake candragirivAle maMdiroM meM samrAT candragupta aura unake guru bhadrabAhunIke. jIvana sambandhI nayanAbhirAma citrapaTa apUrva haiM aura vaha mAja bhI samrATa caMdraguptake jainatvakI spaSTa ghoSaNA kara rahe haiN| caMdragupta ke nAmase hI isa parvatakA nAma 'candragiri humA hai aura vahAMpara eka. guphAmeM unake guruke caraNacinha bhI virAjamAna haiN| jaina zilAlekhoMmeM samrATa candraguptakI muni avasthAkA smaraNa bar3e gauravAspada zabdoM meM huA milatA hai / unheM munIMdra candragupta va mahAmuni candragupta athavA candra prazojvala sAndakIrti caMdragupta. .yA munipati candragupta likhA gayA hai| aura yaha vizeSaNa unake samAna eka mahAna aura tejasvI rAjarSike liye sarvathA ucita the| mahAmuni candraguptane zravaNabelagolase hI samAdhimaraNa dvArA svargalAbha kiyA thaa| 1-bhadrabAhu caritra pR0 6-32 / 2-jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 236 / 3-hivi0 bhA0 7 pR0 150, jaisi0 mA0 1 ki. 2-3 pR0 85 va mamaprAjaismA0 pR0 205 // 4-jaisibhA0 bhA0 1 kiraNa 2-3 pR07-6||

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maurya sAmrAjya | [245 caMdragupta ke bAda mauryavaMzakA dUsarA rAnA vidupAra thA / vidvAna cAhate haiM ki vaha bhI apane pitA samAna jainadharmAbAra nuyAyI aura parAkramI rAnA thaa| jaina zAstroMmeM isakA nAma siMhasena likhA hai / san 300 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga vaha magadha rAjyasiMhAsanapara baiThA thA / isakA vizeSa itihAsa kucha jJAta nahIM hai| kintu isa rAjyakA saMparka videzI rAjAoMse bar3hA thA; yaha pragaTa hai, megAsthanInake cale jAneke bAda isake rAjadaravArameM silyukasake putra eNTiokasa nayA duta samUha megA thA; phira misanareza TolmI pho Dolaphasane bhI DeonIse usakI adhyakSatAmeM eka duta samUha bhejA thaa|2 bindusArake rAjyakAlameM videzoMse vyApArake aneka mArga khule the aura ApasameM dutoMkanA zabda madala badala hotA thA / yUnAnI vidvAnoMne isakA nAma kucha aise zabdoMmeM likhA hai jo amitraghAta athavA amitrakhAdakA apabhraMza pratIta hotA hai| bindumArakI eka rAnI brAhmaNa jAtikI subhadrAMgI nAmakI thii| ___azokakA janma isIkI kokhase huA azokakA rAjatilaka / thaa| kahate haiM ki azokakA eka bar3A bhAI aura thA; kintu saba bhAiyoMmeM yogyatama honeke kAraNa usake pitAne use hI yuvarAja pada pradAna kiyA thaa| bindusArake uparAnta vahI magadhakA rAnA huA thaa| usake hAthoM meM rAjyabhAra / 1-hivi0 mA0 7 pR0 157 / 2-lAmAi* pR0 169 / 3-jarAemro0 san 1928 bhA0 1 pR. 132-135 / 4-mAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0-96| -

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246] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yadyapi I0 pU0 277 meM AgayA, paraMtu usakA rAjyAbhiSeka isake cAra varSa bAda san 273 I0 pU0 meM huA thaa| ina cAra varSoM taka vaha yuvarAjake rUpameM rAjya zAsana karatA rahA thaa| isa avadhi taka rAjatilaka na honekA kAraNa koI vidvAn usakA bar3e bhAIse jhagar3A honA anumAna karate haiM; paraMtu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| nAlama aisA hotA hai ki usa samaya arthAta san 277 I. pU0 meM azokakI avasthA karIba 21-22 varSakI thI aura prAcIna prathA yaha thI ki jabataka rAjyakA uttarAdhikArI 25 varSakI avasthAkA na honAya tabataka usakA rAjatilaka nahIM hosakA thA; yadyapi vaha rAjyazAsana karanekA adhikArI hotA thaa| isI prathAke anurUpa jainasamrAT khAravelakA bhI rAjya abhiSeka kucha varSa rAjyazAsana yuvarAjapadase kara cukane para 25 varSakI avasthAmeM humA thaa| mazokake saMbaMdhameM bhI yahI kAraNa ucita pratIta hotA hai| jaba vaha 25 varSake hogaye taba unakA abhiSeka san 273 I0pU0 meM huA / aura unakA adbhuta rAjya zAsana san 236 I0 pU0 taka kuzalatA pUrvaka calA thaa| ___bindusArake samayameM azoka uttara pazcimIya sImA prAnta aura azoka takSazilA va pazcimI bhAratakA suvedAra raha cukA thaa| * ujjanAkA suuvedaar| ina pradezoMkA usane aise acche DhaMgase zAsana-prabaMdha kiyA thA ki isake suprabandha aura yogyatAkA sikkA 1-koI vidvAna vindusArakI mRtyu san 273 I0 pU0 aura azokakA rAjyAbhiSeka san 269 I0pU0 mAnate hai / (bhAi0 pR0 67-68) 2-lAbhAi0, pR0 1701 8-avimoso0 bhA0 3 pR0 438 ! 4-javibhoso. bhA0 ! pR0 116 /

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [247 taba hI jama gayA thaa| uttara pazcimIya sImA prAntakA rAjya 'takSazilAke rAjya ke nAmase pragaTa thA aura usameM kAzmIra, nepAla, hindukuza parvata taka sArA aphagAnistAna, balocistAna aura paMjAba mile huye the| takSazilA vahAMkI rAjadhAnI thI, jo apane vizvavidyAlayake liye prakhyAta thI / var3e 2 vidvAna vahAM rahA karate the| aura dUra dUrake loga vahAM vidyAdhyayana karane Ate the| takSazilAke atirikta azoka pazcimI bhAratakA bhI zAsaka rahA thaa| usa samaya vahAMkI rAjadhAnI ujjaina thI, jo takSazilAse kucha kama prasiddha na thii| yaha pazcimI bhAratakA dvAra aura eka bar3A nagara thaa| vahAMkA vidyAlaya gaNita aura jyotiSake liye vikhyAta thaa| ujjaina jainoMkA mukhya kendra thA aura jaina sAdhu apane priya viSaya jyotiSa aura gaNitake liye jagaprasiddha the| unhoMne usa samaya ujjainako bhAratakA grInica banA diyA thaa| azokane ina donoM sthAnoMkA zAsana sucAru rItise kiyA thaa| jaba azoka rAnasiMhAsanapara bhAsIna hogaye to unako bhI ___ apane pUrvanoMkI bhAMti sAmrAjya vistAra karakaliGga-vijaya / nekI sjhii| usa samaya baMgAlakI khAr3Ike kinAre mahAnadI aura godAvarI nadiyoM ke bIcameM sthita deza kali. Ggake nAmase prasiddha thA aura yaha deza magadha sAmrAjyakA zAsanamAra utArakara svAdhIna hogayA thaa| azokane use punaH apane rAjyameM milA liyA thaa| isa kaliGgavijayameM bar3I ghanaghora lar3AI huI . 1 lAmAi0 pR. 170-171 va mAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 96 / 2-lAmAi0 pR0 11 / 3-hii. bhA0 1 pR0 167 / - -

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248] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thii| azokane isa yuddha meM jo bhayAnaka ityAkANDa dekhA, usakA usake hRdayapara gaharA prabhAva par3A ! usakI mAtmA isa tRzaMpta nara. saMhArako dekhakara bhayabhIta ho gii| aura usake hRdayameM dayA evaM premakA srota vaha nikalA | liGga vijayane azokako eka kaTTara dharmAtmA banA diyaa| vaha rAMjalolupI na rhaa| usane praNa kara liyA ki vaha phira kabhI choI yuddha nahIM kregaa| itanA hI kyoM balki usane apanA zepa jIvana dharma pracArameM vyatIta karanekA raha saMkalpa karaliyA aura apane uttarAdhikAriyoMke liye bhI Adeza kiyA ki ' mere putra aura prapautra isa yAtako suna leM aura yuddha vijayako burA samajha chor3a deN| tIra calAne ke samaya bhI zAMti aura thor3e daNDa deneko hI pasaMda kareM / dharmavijayako hI mAlI vinaya samajheM / ' isa AdezameM nisa anUThe DhaMgase priya-satyakA pratibimba aMkita hai, vaha hRdayako moha letA hai| samyagdarzana athavA saMbodhiko prApta honepara saMsArI nIva dharmake marmako samajha jAtA hai, yaha bAta azokake ukta hRdayodgArase spaSTa hai / ' azokane apane zAsanakAlameM kevala eka ukta car3hAI kI aura usake bAda usane dharma-vinayake sacce prayatna azokakA saamraajy| kiye the| itanepara bhI usake samayameM maurya sAmrAjyakI vRddhi huI thii| usakA rAjya uttaramai himAlaya aura hiMdukuza parvatataka pahuMcatA thaa| aphagAnistAna, bilocistAna aura sindha usake AdhIna the| baMgAla usake rAjyakA parvIya saba thA | kaliMga aura AMdhra deza bhI usake rAjyameM sammilita the|2 . 1-bhAtArA0 bhA0.2 pR0 97-98 / 2-bhAi0 pR0 68 /

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maury-saamraajy| [249 kAzmIrameM usane eka naI rAjadhAnI vasAI; jisakA nAma zrInagara rakkhA / nepAkameM bhI lalitapATana nAmaka eka naI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thii| dakSiNa bhAratameM nelora pradezase lekara pazcimI kinAre arthAta kalyANapurI nadItaka usakA rAjya thaa| isa pradezake dakSiNameM jo pAMDya, keralaputra aura satiyaputra tAmila rAjya the, ve svataMtra aura svAdhIna the / isa prakAra dakSiNake thor3ese bhAgake atirikta sAre bhAratavarSa meM usIkA sAmrAjya thaa| isa vRhata sAmrAjyako azokane kaI bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kara rakkhA thaa| inameM madhyavartI bhAgake atirikta zeSa bhAgoMmeM cAra rAjapratinidhi-saMbhavataH rAjakumAra rAjya karate the| eka rAnapratinidhi takSazilAmeM rahatA thA dUsarA kaliMga prAMtakI rAjadhAnI topalImeM, tIsarA ujjainameM aura cauthA dakSiNa meM rahakara sAre dakSiNI dezapara zAsana karatA thaa| unake rAja pratinidhi mAlavA, kAThiyAvAr3a aura gujarAtakA zAsana prabaMdha karatA thaa| kaliMgake zAptanakI azoko bar3I phikara rahatI thii| vahAMpara usake rAjyapratinidhi kamI2 acchA zAsana nahIM karate the| isaliye usane vahAMpara do zilAlekha khudavAkara rAnapratinidhiyoMko samucita zikSA dI thii| azobhane zAsana prabandha dharmako pradhAna sthAna diyA thaa| azokakA zAsana isI kAraNa usake rAjyameM rASTrakA rUpa badala . prvndh| gayA thaa| rAjanIti saMbaMdhI kAryoMmeM dhArmika kArya A mile the| isaliye 'rAjyakA kartavya na kevala dezameM zAMti 'sthApita rakhanA aura prajAkI rakSA karanA thA, varan dharmakA pracAra * 1 lAbhAi0. pR0 155-176 // 2-adhaH pR0 37.. .

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250 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / karanA bhI thaa| isake liye azokane bharasaka prayatna kiyaa| usake mahAmAtra rAjyameM daurA karate the aura janatAko dharmakA upadeza karate the / pratyeka varSa meM kucha dina aise niyata kara diye gaye jinameM rAjakarmacArI sarkArI kAma karaneke alAvA prajAko usakA kartavya batalAte the / janasAdhAraNake cAla-calanakI nigarAnI ke liye nirIkSaka niyukta the| inakA kAma yaha dekhanA thA ki loga mAtApitAkA Adara karate haiM yA nahIM, jIva hiMsA to nahIM karate / ye loga rAnavaMzakI bhI khabara rakhate the| striyoMke cAla-calanakI dekhabhAlake liye bhI aphasara the| rAjyakA dAna vibhAga alaga thaa| yahAMse dInoMko dAna milatA thaa| pazuoMko mArakara yajJa karanekI kisIko AjJA nahIM thii| azoka eka bar3A rAjanItijJa, saccA dharmAtmA aura prajApAlaka azokako vaiyaktika rAjA thaa| isakI abhilASA thI ki pratyeka ___ jIvana / prANI apane jIvanako saphala banAye aura parabhavake liye khuba puNya saMcaya kare / dayA, satya, aura bar3oMkA Adara karanepara vaha bar3A jora detA thaa| vaha prajAke sukhameM apanA sukha aura duHkhameM duHkha samajhatA thA ! vaha eka Adarza rAnA thA aura usakI prajA khuba sukhI aura samRddhizAlI thii| vaha apane abhiSekake vArSikotsava para eka eka kaidI chor3A karatA thaa| isase pragaTa hai ki usake rAjyameM maparAdha bahuta kama hote the aura jelakhAnoMmeM kaidiyoMkA jamaghaTa nahIM rahatA thaa| usakI eka . upAdhi 'devAnAM priya' thI aura use 'priyadarzI bhI likhA gayA 1-bhAi0 pR0 73-74 / 2 bhAprArA0 bhA0 3 pR0 131 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 251 hai / ' jaina zAstroMmeM jaina rAjAoMke liye 'devAnAM priya 'kA prayoga huA milatA hai | bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA rAjA siddhArthako bhI loga 'devAnAM priya' kahakara pukArate the aura unakI mAtA rAnI trizalAko 'priyakAriNI' kahate the / . 3 azokapara jainadharmakA vizeSa prabhAva par3A thA / vaha apane pitAmaha aura pitA ke samAna jaina dharmAnuyAyI hI thA; yadyapi apane dharmapracAra ke samaya usane pUrNa udAratA se kAma liyA thA aura jaina dharmake AdhArapara apane dharmakA nirUpaNa kiyA thA / bauddha graMtha 'mahAvaMza' ke AdhArapara vidvAn use brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyI batalAte kintu isa granthake kathana nire kapola-kalpita pramANita huye haiM / " isa kAraNa usapara vizvAsa karanA kaThina hai, tisapara siMhalake logoMke nikaTa brAhmaNase bhAva vauddhetara saMpradAyoMkA honA ucita dRSTi par3atA hai; " kyoMki bauddha granthoMmeM brAhmaNa aura zramaNa rUpa jo ullekha haiM; unameM bhramaNa se bhAva cauddha bhikSuoMkA hai / aura brAhmaNa kevala vedAnuyAyI brAhmaNoMkA dyotaka nahIM ho saktA / usake kucha vyApaka artha ThIka jaMcate haiM / isa kAraNa yaha saMbhava hai ki isI bhAva se siMhalavAsiyoMne azokako bauddha na pAkara use brAhmaNa ( bauddha - virodhI ) likha diyA hai| varan eka usa rAjAke liye jisake pitAmaha aura pitA jainI the, aura jisakA prAraMbhika jIvana 1 - agha0 dvitIya adhyAya, va Iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 232 / 2 - kasU0 pR0 26-30 va 54 / 3- azoka0 pR0 23 / 4-azoka pR0 23 - 47, bhAbhazo0 pR0 96, maibu0 pR0 110 / 5 mi0 I0 TaoNma khA0 bhI yahI ThIka samajhate haiN| jarAeso0 bhA0 9 pU0 181 / 6

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252] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainoMke do pradhAna nagaroM takSazilA aura unjenImeM vyatIta huA ho, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki vaha akAraNa hI apane vaMzagata dharmako tilAMjali dede| isa viSaya agADIkI paMktiyoMse bilkula spaSTa hojAyagA ki vAstavamai azoka mUlameM jainadharmAnuyAyI thA / ujnenameM nipta samaya vaha the, taba unakA vivAha vidizAgiri (vesanagara-bhilasAke nikaTa) ke eka zreSTIkI kanyAse huA thaa| unakI paTTarAnI kSatrIyavarNakI thI aura vaha pATaliputrameM thii| mazoka jatra rAjA hokara pATalIputra pahuMce taba unake sAtha unake saba putra-putriyAM bhI vahAM gaye the; kintu paTTarAnI Adike atirikta unakI anya striyAM ujjainameM rahIM thIM / azokane inakA ullekha 'avarodhana ' rUpameM kiyA hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki yaha mahilAeM parademeM rahatIM thiiN| kintu paradekA bhAva yahAMpara itanA hI hotA hai ki vaha janasAdhAraNakI taraha Ama taurase jahAM-tahAM mA jA nahIM saktI hoMgI / rAjamaryAdAkA pAlana karate huye, unake jAne-mAne meM rukAvaTa nahIM thiiN| yadi yaha bAta na hotI to azokakI rAniyAM mahAtmAlogoMke darzana nahIM kara saktI thIM aura na dAna-dakSiNAdi desaktI thiiN| bauddhazAstra azokako prArambhameM eka duSTa vyakti pragaTa karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki unane apane 99 bhAiyoM kI hatyA karake rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra jamAyA thA; kintu unake zilAlekhoMse unake rAjyakAlameM bhAiyoM aura vahinoMkA nIvita rahanA pramANita hai / ataH bauddhoMkA yaha kathana korA kalpita hai / taba 1-bhAzo0 pR0 13 / 2-azoka0 pR0 23 va bhAi pR0 61 / -

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 953. azoka cauddha na hokara jaina the, isaliye bauddhoMne unako duSTa likhA hai / 3 kinhIM logoM kA kahanA hai ki pahile azoka mAMbhojI thA / azoka prAraMbha meM usakI bhojanazAlA meM hajAroM jAnavara mAre jAte jainI thA / the / ' eka jaina ke liye isa prakAra mAMsalolupI honA jI ko nahIM lagatA aura isIse vidvAnoMne use zaiva dharmAnuyAyI prakaTa kiyA hai| kintu isa ullekhase ki azoka ke rAja gharAne kI rasoI meM mAMsa pakatA thA, yaha nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki azoka ke nAMbhojI thA / saMbhava yaha hai ki anya mAMsabhojI rAjavargake liye aisA hotA hogA / janmase jainI honeke kAraNa azokakA mAMsabhakSI honA sarvathA asaMgata hai / yaha ullekha usake anya sambaMdhicoMke dipayameM ThIka UMcatA hai; jinako bhI usane antameM apanesamAna kara liyA thaa| pahale eka hI kuTumbameM vibhinna matoM ke anuyAtrI rahate the, yaha sarvamAnya bAta hai / isake viparIta yadi pahalese hI sAtatvakA prabhAva aura khAsakara jaina mahiMsAkA, azoka hRdayameM ghara kiye huye na mAnA jAya to usakA kaliMga - vijayameMbhayAnaka narasaMhAra dekhakara bhayabhIta honA asaMbhavatA hojAtA hai / aura yaha bhI taba saMbhava nahIM ki usake rasoI gharameM ekadama hajAroMkI saMkhyA kama hokara kevala tIna prANI hI mAre jAne lagate aura phira vaha bhI banda kara diye jAte / yaha dhyAna rahe ki vaidika mahiMsA meM mAMsabhojanakA hara hAlata meM niSedha nahIM hai aura na vauddhaahiMsA hI kisI vyaktiko pUrNa zAkAhArI banAtI hai / yaha kevaLa 1- prAprA0 pR0 71 / 2- bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 0 98 /

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254] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | jaina ahiMsA hai jo hara hAlatameM prANIvapakI virodhI hai aura eka vyaktiko pUrNa zAkAhArI banAtI hai / usa samaya vaidika matAvalaMbiyoMmeM mAMsabhojanakA bahupracAra thA aura bauddhaloga bhI usase paraheja nahIM rakhate the| ma0 buddhane kaI vAra mAMsabhojana kiyA thA aura vaha mAMsa khAsa unake liye hI lAyA gayA thA / ataeva azokakA pUrNa nirAmiSa bhojI honA hI usako jaina batalAneke lie paryApta hai| isa avasthAmeM use janmase hI jainadharmakA zraddhAnI mAnanA anucita nahIM hai / jaina granthoMmeM usakA ullekha hai aura jainoMkI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki zravaNavelagolAmeM candragiripara usane apane pitAmahakI pavitrasmRtimeM caMdravastI mAdi jaina maMdira banavAye the| ___rAjAvalIkathA meM usakA nAma bhAskara likhA hai aura use apane pitAmaha va bhadrabAhu svAmIke samAdhisthAnakI vaMdanAke liye avaNavelgola AyA batAyA hai / (zi saM0, bhUmikA Ta0 61) apane uparAnta jIvanameM mAlUma par3atA hai ki azokane udAravRtti grahaNa karalI thI aura usane apanI svAdhIna zikSAoM kA pracAra karanA prAraMbha kiyA thA; jo mukhyataH jaina dharmake anusAra thii| yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki jana graMthoMmeM usake zeSa jIvanakA hAla nahIM hai| jaina dRSTise vaha vainayika-rUpameM mithyAtva grasita huA kahA jAsaktA hai; parantu usakI zikSAoMmeM mainatva kUTara kara bharA huA milatA hai| usane bauddhoM, brAhmaNoM aura mAnIvikoMke sAtha 1-bhamabu0 pR0 17 / 2-rAjAvalIkathA bhaura pariziSTa parya (pR0 87) 3-hivi0 bhA0 7 pR0 150 / -

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maurya saamraajy| [255 mainoMko bhI bhulAyA nahIM thA, yaha bAta usake zilAlekhoMse spaSTa hai| pro0 kanake samAna bauddha dharmake prakhara vidvAn azokakA jaina ajaina saakssii| . honA bahuta kucha saMbhava mAnate haiM aura mi0 , / TaoNmasane to joroMke sAtha unako jaina dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa kiyA hai| mi0 rAisa aura prAcya vidyA mahArNava paM0 nAgendranAtha vasu bhI azokako eka samaya jaina pragaTa karate haiN| yaha cAta bhI nahIM hai ki kevala Adhunika vidvAna hI azokako pahile jainadharmakA zraddhAnI pragaTa karate hoM; balki bhAnase bahuta pahileke bhAratIya lekhaka bhI unakA jainI honA siddha karate haiN| 'rAjatariDreNI meM likhA hai ki azokane jina zAsanakA uddhAra yA pracAra kAzmIrameM kiyA thaa| 'jinazAsana spaSTataH janadharmakA dyotaka hai| kintu vidvAn ise bauddha dharmake liye prayukta huA batalAte haiN| hamArI samajhase "bauddhadharma" meM 'jina' zabdakA vyavahAra avazya milatA hai| kintu mainadharmameM jaisI pradhAnatA isa zabdako milI huI hai, vaisI bauddha dharma meM nhiiN| isa zabdakI apekSAhI jaba jainadharmakA nAmakaraNa huA hai, taba vaha zabda isI dharmakA dyotaka mAnA jA sakkA hai| rAjatariNI meM anyatra kAzamIrake rAjA meghavAhanako 1-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 275 / 2-iMai0 bhA020 pR0 243 / 3-jagaemo. bhA0 9 pR0 155-191 / 4-maisUra eNDa kurga dekho| 5-hivi0 bhA0 2 pR0 350 / 6-'yaH zAnta jino rAjA prapanno jinazAsanam / zukale'tra vitastAtrI tasAra stUpamADale ||raajtriNgnnii bha01 7-mahipavA0 bhA0 3 pR0 471-176 /

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256] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainoMke samAna hiMsAse ghRNA karanevAlA likhA hai| isa ullekhase spaSTa hai ki kavi kalhaNake nikaTa 'jina' zabda noMke arthameM mahatva rakhatA thaa| aburaphanalane 'Aine makavarI' meM jo kAzmIramA hAla likhA hai, usase bhI isa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai ki azokane vahAM jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| abulaphanalane 'jana' zabdakA prayoga azokake saMbandhameM kiyA hai aura gAr3I "bauddha" zabdakA prayoga bauddhadharmake vahAMse avanata honeke varNanameM kiyA hai| isa dazAmeM azokakA prArambhameM jainamatAnuyAyI honA saMbhava hai| zravaNavelagolameM jo rAjA jainamaMdira banavA saktA hai, vaha jainadharmakA pracAra kAzmIrameM bhI kara saktA hai / azoka svayaM kahatA hai ki usake pUrvajoMne dharmapracAra karaneke prayatna kiye, para vaha pUrNa saphala nahIM hue| aba yadi azokako bauddhadharma athavA brAhmaNamatakA pracAraka mAneM to usakA dharma vaha nahIM ThaharatA hai jo usake pUrvajoMkA thA / samrATa caMdraguptane jaina muni hokara dharmapracAra kiyA thaa| isa dazAmeM azoka bhI apane pUrvajoMke dharmapracArana hAmI pratIta hotA hai / jisa dharmakA pracAra karanemeM usake pUrvana asaphala rahe, . usIkA pracAra azokne naye daMgase kara dikhAyA aura apanI isa saphalatA para use garva aura harSa thaa| - vaha kevala sAmpradAyikatAmeM saMlagna nahIM rahA-udAravRttise usane satyakA pracAra mAnavasamAjameM kiyaa| pratyeka matavAleko 1-rAjatariMgaNI a0 1 ilo072 va 103 dalo0 7||2-jraaemo0 bhA0 9 pR. 183 / 3-saptamastaMbhalekha-agha0 pR0 371 /

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maury-saamraajy| [257 usane usake matameM acchAI dikhA dI aura vaha sabakA mAdara karane rugA / sAmpradAyika dRSTise jaina azokake ina vainayika bhAvase saMtuSTa na huye aura unane usake saMbandhameM vizeSa kucha na likhaa| itanepara bhI azokakA zAsana pravandha aura usake dharmakI zikSAoMmeM jainatvakI jhalaka vidyamAna hai| DaoN. karna mA0 likhate haiM ki "azokake zAsana prabandha bauddhabhAvakA ghotaka kucha bhI na thaa| apane rAjyake prAraMbhase vaha eka acchA rAjA thaa| usakI jIvarakSA saMvandhI AjJAyeM bauddhoMkI apekSA jainoMkI mAnyatAoMse adhika milatI haiN| apane rAjyake terahaveM varSase azokakA rAjagharAnA eka jainake samAna pUrNa zAmbhojI hogyaa| unane jIva hatyA karanevAle ke liye prANadaMDa jaisI kar3I sanA rakkhI thii| jainarAjA kumArapAlanI bhI aimI hI rAjAjJA thii| yajJameM bhI pazuhiMsAkA niSedha azokane kiyA thA / kahate haiM ki isa kAryase usakI vaidika dharmAvalambI pranA asaMtuSTa thii| mabuddhake samayameM bauddha. loga bAjArase mAMsa lekara khAte the; kintu azokane bhojanake liye bhI pazuhiMsA banda karadI thI, yaha kArya sarvathA eka nainake hI upayukta thaa| prItibhoja aura utsavoMmeM bhI koI mAMsa nahIM parosa saktA thaa| AkheTako bhI azokane banda kara diyA thaa| usane bailoM, azokakI zikSA na bakaroM, ghor3oM Adiko badhiyA karanA bhI . ___ dharmAnusAra haiN| banda karAyA thaa| pazuoMkI rakSA aura cikitsAkA bhI usane piMjarApolake DhaMgapara prabaMdha kiyA thaa| kahate -ai0 bhA0 5 pR0 205 / 2-maazo0 pR049|3-ahii.. pR0 185-190 / 4-maiazo0 pR0 49 / -

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- 258] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / haiM ki piMjarApola saMsthAkA janma jainoMdvArA huA hai aura mAna bhI nainoMkI orase aisI kaI saMsthAyeM cala rahI haiN|' mAzone kaI vAra janoM kI taraha 'amArI ghoSa (abhayadAnakI ghoSaNA ) karAI thii| sArAMza yaha hai ki azoSako pazurakSA pUrA dhyAna thaa| koI vidvAn kahate haiM ki pazurakSAko usane itanA mahatva diyA thA ki usake nikaTa mAnavasamAjakI bhalAI gauNa thii| yaha ThIkasA hI lAJchana hai jaisA ki Aja janoMpara vRthA hI Aropita kiyA jAtA hai; kintu ise azokakI pravRtti janoM ke samAna thI, yaha prakaTa hotA hai| azokane mAnavoMkI bhalAI ke kArya bhI aneka kiye the| unakI jIvanayAtrAyeM dhArmika kAryoko karate hue vyatIta hoM, imaliye azokane unako dharmazikSA dene kA khApa prAnta kiyA thaa| prANadaNDa pAye huye vIke jIvanako bhI bhaviSya sukhI banAne liye unane usako dharmopadeza milanekA prabandha kiyA thaa| napA. pake liye pazcAtApa aura upavAsa karane se manuSya apanI gati sudhAra saktA hai| jainadharmameM ina bAtoMpara vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| azoka bhI ina hIkI zikSA detA thaa| usane kevala mana. pyaka parabhavakA hI dhyAna nahIM rakhA thaa| vaha jAnatA thA ki dharma pAralaukika aura laukikake bhedase do tarahakA hai| eka zrAvaske liye yaha ucita hai ki vaha donoM kA abhyAsa sucAru rItise bhre| azokane apanI zikSAoMse dharmake isa bhedch| pUrA dhyAna rkhtaa| -azo. pR0 49-50 / 2-adha* pR0 163-167-paMcama zilAlekha / 3-adha0 pR. 33: / 4-200310-prathama stamma lekh|

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maurya saamraajy| usakI zikSAoMmeM nimna bAtoMkA upadeza manuSyake pAralaukika dharmako lakSya karake diyA gayA thA, jo jainadharmake anukUla hai: (1) jIvita prANiyoM kI hiMsA na kI jAde' aura isakA amalI namUnA svayaM azojane apane rAjagharAneko zAkamonI banAkara upasthita kiyA thaa| hama dekha cuke haiM ki azokakA bahisAtatva vikula jainadharmake samAna hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sanIva tuSako nahIM jalAnA cAhiye (tuse sanIve no jhApeuvipe) aura na vanameM Aga lagAnA caahiye| yaha donoM zikSAyeM jainadharma meM vizeSa mahatva rakhatI haiN| vanasatikAya, nalakAya mAdimeM nanoMne hI nIva basalAye haiN|' (2) mithyAtvavarddhaka sAmAjika rIti-nItiyoM ko nahIM karanA cAhiye' arthAta aise rIti rivAja jo kisI bImAra honepara, kisIke putra-putrIke vivAhotsavapara athavA janmakI khuzI meM aura videzayAtrAke samaya kiye jAte haiM, na karanA cAhiye / inako vaha pApabarddhaka aura nirarthaka batalAtA hai aura khAsakara usa samaya naba inakA pAlana striyoM dvArA ho, kAraNa ki inakA pariNAma saMdigya aura phala nahIM ke barAbara hai| aura unakA phala kevala isa bhavameM milatA hai| inake sthAnapara vaha dhArmika rIti rivAnoM ko jase guruoM kA Adara, prANiyoMkI mahimA, zramaNa aura bAhmaNoM ko dAna denA bhAdi kriyAyoM kA pAlana karanekA upadeza detA hai| yahApara azoka pragaTataH bhole manuSyoMkI devI, bhavAnI, yakSa, pita 1-adha0 pR. 148-caturtha va gyArasa zilAlekha / 2-a10 pR. 352-253-paMcama stambha lekha / 3-Js.PlsId II II tro.4-adha. pR0 211-navama zilAlekha / -

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260 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ' mAdikI mAnyatA manAne Adi laukika pAkhaNDakA virodha kara rahA hai| bhAratIya samAna yaha pAkhaNDa bar3e muddatose bar3ha rahA hai| azoka lAkha upadeza denepara bhI mAnataka yaha nirarthaka aura pApavarddhaka rIti nIti jIvita hai / loga aba bhI devI, bhavAnI, pIra-paigambara AdikI mAnyatAyeM manAyara sAMsAri bhogIpabhogakI sAmagrIke pAlanekI lAlasAme pAgala ho.he haiN| azokakI yaha zikSA bhI ThIka jainadharma ke anubhAra hai| jaina zAstroM meM mithyAtvapAkhaNDakA ghora virodha kiyA gayA hai aura dhArmika kriyAyoke kAnekA upadeza hai| (3) satya bolanA cAhiye-janoMke paMcANavatoMmeM yaha eka satyANuvrata hai| (4) alpa vyaya aura alpabhAMDatAkA abhyAsa karanA arthAta thor3A vyava karanA aura thor3A saMcaya karanA acchA hai| azokakI isa zikSAkA bhAva janoM parigraha pramANa ke samAna hai| zrAvaka isa vratako grahaNa darake icchAoMbha nirodha karatA hai aura alma vyayI evaM alpa parenahI hotA hai| 1-upu0 50 624 tathA ratnaeraNDa zrApakAcArameM likhate haiM: bhASagAsAgarasnAnamuccaraH sikatAzmanAm / giripAto'gnipAtazca TokamUDhaM nigadyate // 1 // 22 // gharopalipsayAzAvAn rAgadvepamalImasAH / devatA yadupAsIta devatAmUdamucyate // 1 // 23 // 2-adha0 pR0 96-brahma0 dvi0 zilAlekha / 3-tatvArthasatrama ma0. 7 sUtra0 / / 4-adha0 pR. 131-tRtIya shilaa| 5-dhanadhAnyAdigranthaM parimAya tato'dhiye.pu niHspRhtaa| parimitapariprahaH syAdicchAparimANanAmApi // 3 // 15 // ~lkrnnddaa0|

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 201 (9) saMyama aura bhAvazuddhikA honA Avazyaka hai| azoka kahate haiM ki jo bahuta adhika dAna nahIM kara saktA use saMyama, bhAvazuddhi, kRtajJatA aura dRr3ha bhaktikA myAda vyavazya karanA cAhiye / ' eka zrAvaka ke liye deva aura gurukI pUjA karanA aura dAna denA gurupa kartavya batAye gaye haiM / " azoka ne bhI brAhmaNa aura zramaNakA Adara karane evaM dAna denekI zikSA jananAdhAraNako dI thii| yadi vaha dAna na devakeM to saMyama, bhAvazuddhi aura dRr3ha bhaktikA pAlana kreN| jainadharmameM ina bAtoM kA vidhAna khAma taurapara hugA milatA hai | saMgama aura bhAvazuddhiko upameM mukhyasthAna gApta hai| 1 5 (6) azokakI dharmayAtrAyeM - stra para kalyANakArI thIM unameM bhramaNa aura brahmaNoM kA darzana karanA aura unheM dAna denA rAdhA grAmavAsiyoMko upadeza denA aura dharmaviSayaka vicAra karanA Avazyaka the / jaina saMgha vihAra isI uddezyase hotA hai / jaina saMgha zrAvaka-zrAvikA sAdhujanake darzana pUjA karake puNya-canda karate haiM aura unheM bar3e bhaktibhAva se AhAra dAna dete haiN| sAdhuna mathavA unake sAtha paMDitAcArya sarva sAdhAraNako dharma kA svarUpa 1- adha0 10 189 - saptama zilA0 / 2-dANaM pUjA mukAvaM mAvaya dhammo, Na gAvI teNa viNA / - kuMdakuMdAcArya / 3-adha0 pR0 197 211 - aSTama va navam zilA-' aura zramaNa ' kA prayoga pahile sAdhAraNataH sAdhujanako lakSya kara kiyA jAtA thA / 4- bhAvo kAraNamRdo guNadoSANaM jiNAviti / aSTapAhuDa pR0 162 / 'saMjama jIge juto jo tavamA ceda aNegavidhaM / l so kamma NijjarAe viThalAe vaha jIvo // 242 // 5 // mRThAMcAra | 5- a0 pR0 196 - aSTamakSi0 / #

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262) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / samajhAte haiM aura khUba jJAna gudar3I lagatI hai / malama hotA hai ki azoka ne apanI dharmayAtrAyoMkA DhAMcA janasaMghake Adarzapara nirmita kiyA thaa| (7) sarva prANiyoM kI rakSA, saMyama, samAcAraNa aura mArdava ( savabhUtAnaM auti, saMyama, samacariyaM, mAdavaM ca ) dharmakA pAlana karanekI zikSA azora ne manuSyoM ko parabhava sukhake liye samucita rItyA dI thii| jainadharmameM ina niyamoMkA vidhAna milatA hai| samAcaraNa vahAM vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai / jaina muniyoMkA AcaraNa 'samAcAra' rUpa aura dharma sAmyabhAva kahA gayA hai| sarva prANivoMkI rakSA, saMyama aura mArdava nenoMke dharmake daza aMgoM meM milate haiN|' (8) mazoka kahate haiM ki 'ekAnta dharmAnurAga, vizeSa mAtmaparIkSA, bar3I suzrUSA, bar3e bhaya aura mahAn utsAha ke binA aihika aura pAralaukika donoM uddezya durlabha haiN| jainoM ko isa zikSAse kucha bhI virodha nahIM hosaktA / zrAva ke liye dharmadhyAnakA abhyAsa karanA upAdeya hai aura bhAtmaparIkSA karanA-pratikramaNakA niyamita ...1-adha0 pR0 250-trayodaza shi0|| 2-samadA sAmAcAro sammAcAro samo va bhaacaaro| samvesihi sammANaM sAmAcAro du AcAro // 23 // // mUlA1. athavA:-"cAritaM khalu dhammo, dhammo jo so samoti Nihio / mohavakhoha vihINo, pariNAmo appaNo hi samo // // pravacanasAra / . 3-"saMtImadava ajjava lAghava tava saMjamo mcinndaa| vaha hoi bahmaceraM saccaM cAbho ya dasa dhammA // 752 ||-muulaa| 4-adha0 pR0 310-prathama staMbhalekha / 5-aSTapAhui pR0 14 { 221 34

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maurya sAmrAjya / [263 vidhAna rakhanA jainadharmameM paramAvazyaka hai|' bar3IsuzrUSA vaiyAvatyakI dyotaka hai| bar3A bhaya saMsArakA bhaya 63 aura usase chUTanekA dRr3ha anurAga bar3A utsAha hai|' (9) azoka dharma pAlana karane kA upadeza dete the aura dharma yahI batAte the ki 'vyakti pApAzrava (apAsaka)se dUra rahe, bahutase acche kAma kare, dayA, dAna, satya aura zaucakA pAlana kare / ' azokane jJAna dAna diyA thA pazuoM aura manuSyoM ke liye cikitsAlaya khulavAkara auSadhidAnakA yaza liyA thA. vRddhoM aura garIboMke bhojanakA prabaMdha karake mAhAradAnakA puNyavaMdha upArjana kiyA thA aura jIvoMko prANa-dakSiNA dekara, paramotkRSTa abhayadAnakA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| jainadharmameM dAna ThIka isI prakAra cAra tarahakA batAyA gayA hai| jainadharmameM hI karmavargaNAoMke Azrava honepara pApabandha hotA likhA hai|" azoka bhI pApakI vyAkhyA ThIka aisI hI kara rahA hai| pApakI vyAkhyA vaidika aura bauddhadharmo ke sarvathA pratikUla hai; kyoMki ina donoM darzanoMmeM karma 1-mulA0 pR0 11 va / 2-aSTapADa pR. 235 / 3-jiNavayaNamaNugaNetA saMpAra mahAbhayapi citaMtA / gamavasadI bhIdA bhIdA puNa jammamaraNeSu ||805||-mulaa0 / Nasthi bhaya maraNe smN|' -mUlA0 / 4-ucchaMsvabhAvaNAvaM pasaMghasevA sudaMsaNe sandrA / Na jahadi jiNa sammataM phubbato gANamaggeNa // 14 // aSTa0 pR0 89 // 5-6. adha0 pR. 317-dvitIya svaMbhalekha / -adha0 / ..8-agha0 pR. 373-380-saptama staMbhalekha / 9 adha0 pR0 317 dvitIya staMmalekha / 10-taMtvArya0 pR0 55 / 11-pravacanasAra TIkA khaMDa 2 pR. 132 1 tatvArtha0 pR0 124 /

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264] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / eka aisA sukSma pudgala padAtha nahIM mAnA gayA hai jisakA Azraya hosake / dayA, dAna, satya aura zauca dharma bhI jainamatameM mAnya hai| (10) azokane atrita karAyA thA ki sAtmaparIkSA bar3I kaThina hai, to bhI manuSyako yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki caMDanA, nimnu. stA, krodha, mAna aura IrSyA yaha maba pAeke kAraNa haiN| vaha inase dUra rahe / ' kArAgArameM par3e huye prANaNDa puraskana diyoMke liye bhI azora ne tIna dina avakAza diyA thA jisameM ve aura unake saMbaMdhI upavAsa, dAna Adi dvArA paramako sudhAra skeN| eka dharma- / parAyaNake rAjAke liye aimA karanA nitAMta svAmAvika thaa| bokI yaha zikSA bhI jainadharma ke anukUla hai| kaidiyoM kA dhyAna samAdhimagNakI ora Arpita karanA upake liye svAbhAvika thaa| jananA svabhAva hI aisA hojAtA hai ki vaha dUparoMho devA jIvika hI na rahane de, pratyuta usakA jIvana sukhamaya ho, aise upAya kre| nazoka bhI yahI karatA hai| isa prakAra mazone jo bAteM pAralaukika dharmake liye mAva-. zyaka batAI haiM, vaha jainadharmameM mukhya sthAna rakhatI haiN| hAM, itanI bAta dhyAna rakhanekI avazya hai ki azokane apane zAsana-lekhoMmeM laukika aura pArilokika dharmameM brAhmaNa-zramaNA mAdara karanA, dAna denA, jIvoMkI rakSA karanA, kata pApoMse nivRta honeke liye mAtma parIkSA karanA aura vrata upavAsa karanA mukhya haiN| inhIM pAMca bAtoM ke antargata avazeSa bAteM bhAnAtI haiN| aura inhIM pAMca bAtoMca 1-agha0 pR. 324-nRtIya stNbhlekh| 2-adha0 pR. 339 / 3-mAazo0 pR0 116-12

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maurya saamraajy| [265 'upadeza jaina zAstroMmeM milatA hai| saba jIvoMpara dayA karanA, dAna denA, guruoMkI vinaya aura unakI mUrti banAkara punA karanA, kRtpA. mauke liye pratikramaNa karanA aura parva dinoM meM upavAsa karanA eka zrAvakake liye bhAvazyaka karma hai| azoka yaha bhI kahate haiM ki dharmako cAhe sarva rUpeNaM pAlana karo aura cAhe eka dezarUpa, parantu karo avazya ! aura vaha yaha mo batalA dete haiM ki sarvarUpeNa dharmakA pAlana karanA mahAkaThina hai| yahAMpara unhoMne spaSTataH jaina zAstroMmeM batAye huye dharmake do meda-(1) managAra dharma aura (2) sAgAra dharmakA ullekha kiyA hai| managAra-zramaNa dharmameM dhArmika niyamoMdhA pUrNa pAlana karanA par3atA hai; kintu sAgAra dharmameM vahI bAteM eka deza-AMzika rUpameM pAlI jAtI haiN| isa avasthAmeM azokakA pAralaukika dharmake liye jo bAteM Avazyaka batAI haiM, unase bhI nainoMko kucha virodha nahIM hai| kyoMki vaha samyaktvameM bAdhaka nahIM haiN|" tisapara jaina zAstroM meM unakA vidhAna hamA milatA hai| azoka laukika dharmake hI liye kahate haiM ki (1) mAtA-pitAkI sevA karanA cAhiye / vidyArthIko mAcA lpasUtra pR0 32-jarAemo0 bhA0 9 pR0 172 phuTanoTa 1 / 2-adha0 pR0 109-saptama zilA0 / 3-adha0 pR. 220-zi0 11 // -~-aSTapADa.pR. 94 va 19 // 5-do hi dharmo gRhasyAnAM laukikaH pAralaukikaH / lokAzrayo gavedAdyaH paraH syAdAMgamAzrayaH // sartha eva hi jainAnAM pramANa laukiko vidhiH / . . yatra samyaktva hAnina yatra na pratadUSaNam //

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266] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yakI sevA karanA cAhiye aura apane jAti bhAiyoM ke prati ucita vartAva karanA caahiye| (brahma garikA dvi0zi0, bhagha0 4096) (2) manuSya va pazu cikitsAkA prabandha karanA cAhiye / phUla . phala jahAM na hoM, vahAM bhinavAnA cAhiye aura mArgoMmeM pazuoM va manuSyoM ke mArAmake liye vRkSa lagavAnA va kuyeM khudavAnA caahie|' (3) bandhuoMdha mAdara aura vRhoM kI sevA karanI cAhiye / (caturtha zi0 ) vRhoM ke darzana karanA aura unheM suvarNadAna denA cAhiye / ( aSTama zi0) (4) dAsa aura sevakoM ke prati ucita vyavahAra aura gurubhoMkA bhAdara karanA cAhiye / (navama zi.) (5) aura anAtha evaM dukhiyoM ke prati dayA karanA caahiye| (saptama stambha lekha) '. ina laukika kAryoM ko azoka mahatvakI dRSTise nahIM dekhate the| vaha sApha likhate haiM ki 'yaha upakAra kucha bhI nahIM hai / pahileke rAjAoMne aura maiMne bhI vividha prakArake sukhoMse logoM ko sukhI kiyA hai kintu maiMne yaha sukhakI vyavasthA isaliye kI hai ki loga dharmake anusAra mAcaraNa kreN| ataH mazokake nikaTa dharmakA mUla bhAva pAralaukika dharmase thaa| laukika dharma sambandhI kArya mUla dharmakI vRddhi ke liye unane niyata kiye the| jainadharma, laukika 1-'tiNahaM.duppADa AraM samaNAAso ta jahA / agapiuNo bhadidAyagassa dhammApariyasva // ' 2-ghomadeva:-'mAtA-pitrozca pUjaka-zrI maNDanagaNi / -adha0 pR0 376-saptama stambha lekha / -

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maurya saamraajy| [267. kAryoko karanA pArilaukika dhamameM sahAyaka hone ke liye batAyA hai| pravRtti bhI nivRtikI ora le jAnevAlI hai| bhazo bhI isa mukhya bhedake mahattvako spaSTa karake tadrUpa upadeza dete haiN| / jisaprakAra azokakI dhArmika zikSAyeM jainadharmake anukUla haiM; azokane jainoMke usI prakAra unake zAsana-lekhoMkI bhASAmeM bhI pAribhASika zabda bhaneka bAteM janadharmakI dyotaka haiM / khAsa bAta vyavahRta kie the| to yaha hai ki unhoMne apane zAsana-lekha prAkRta bhASAoM meM likhAye haiN| jaise ki jainoMke graMtha isI bhASA meM likhe gaye haiN| azokakI prAkRta jainoMkI apabhraMza prAkRtase milatI julatI hai|' tisapara unhoMne jo nimna zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha khAsa jainoMke bhAvameM hai aura jainadharmameM ve zabda pAribhASika rUpa (Technical Term) meM vyavahRta huye haiM; yathAH (1) zrAvaka yA upAsaka-zabdamA prayoga rUpanAthake prathama kadhu zilAlekha vairATa aura sahasarAmakI AvRtimeM huA hai / jaina dharmameM ye zabda eka gRhasthake dyotaka haiN| bauddha dharmameM zrAvaka usa sAdhuko kahate haiM jo vihAroM meM rahate haiN| ataH yaha zabda azokake jenatvakA paricAyaka hai| . (2) pANa-zabda brahmagirika dvitIya laghu zilAlekhameM prayukta huA hai| jainadharma, saMsArI jIvake daza prANa mAne gaye haiM 1-zAivAjagaDhI aura mansaharAkI zilAoMpara khudI huI azokakI prazastiyoMkI bhASA jaina apabhraMzake samAna hai| dekho ' prAkavalakSaNa' by Dr. R. Hoornle, Calcutta, 1880. Introduction. 2-aSTapAi pR0 19 va uda: / 3-mamabuH bhUmikA, pR0 13 //

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268] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura unhIke anusAra kamatI bar3hatI rUpameM saMsArI jIvoMka vividha bheda hI huye haiN| (3) jIvazabdakA vyavahAra prathama zilAlekhameM huA hai| mainadharmameM 'jIva' sAta tatvoM meM prathama tatva mAnA gayA hai| (4) zramaNa zabda tRtIya va anya zilAlekhoMmeM milatA hai| jaina sAdhu aura jaina dharma kramazaH zramaNa aura zramaNadharma nAmase paricita hai| (5) prANa anArambha zabda tRtIya zilAlekhameM hai| janoMmeM yaha zabda pratirodha rUpameM "pANAramma" rUpareM milatA hai| ___ (6) bhUta zabda caturtha zilAlekhameM prayukta huA hai| jaina zAstroM meM jIvake sAtha isa zabdakA bhI vyavahAra hubhA milatA hai|' 1-paMcavi indiyapANA maNavacikAyA va tiNi valapANA / ANappANappANo AugapANeNa hoti dampANA // 5 // pravacanasAra / 2-tatvArthAdhigama sUtra 4-506 / / 3-mUlAcAra pR0 318 va kalpasUtra pR0 83 / / 4-savvaM pANAraMbha paccakkhAmi alIyavaNaM ca / / sabamadattAdANaM mehUNa pariga cera // 4 // mUlA. 5-Js. Pt I & II Intro. aura mUlA0 10 204 yayA:* azokane jIva, pANa, bhUta aura jAta zabdoMkA jo vyavahAra kiyA hai vaha 'AcArANasatra (S. B.E. P: 36XXII ) ke isa vAkya arthAt pANA-bhUyA-jIvA-sattA ke vilkula samAna hai / yezaka mazokane inakA vyavahAra eka sAtha nahIM kiyA hai, kintu inane prANa va bhUta (anAraMbho prAMNAMnA bhaviSahiMsA bhUtAnoM) kA vyavahAra sAtha * karake -spata: ina zabdoke pArasparika maidako svIkAra kiyA hai; jaise ki jaina prakaTa karate haiN| (bhAazo0 pR. 137) di. jainoke pratikramaNameM bhI "pANabhUda jIvasattINaM " rUpameM isakA ullekha hai| (zrAvaka pratikramaNa puM05)

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maurya saamraajy| 269. (7) kalpa zabdakA vyavahAra paMcama zilAlekhameM humA hai| janoMkI kAlagaNanAmeM kalpakAla mAnA gayA hai|' (8) eka deza zabda saptama zilAlekhameM milatA hai / jaina-- dharmameM bhI AMzika dharmako eka deza dharma batAyA gayA hai|' (9) sambodhikA prayoga aSTama zilAlekhameM hai| jainazAstrameM voghi samyagdarzanakI prAptiko kahA gayA hai| (10) vacana guptakA upadeza bArahaveM zilAlekhameM hai ki apane dharmase bhinna dharmoke prati vacana guptikA manyAta karo, nisase paraspara aikyakI bar3havArI ho / gupti jainadharmameM tIna mAnI gaI haiM(1) managupti (2) vacanagupti aura (3) kAyagupti / anyatra yaha meda nahIM milatA hai| (11) samavAyakA vyavahAra bhI bArahaveM zilAlekhameM hai| jaina dvAdazAMgameM eka aMga granthakA nAma 'samavAyAMga' hai| (12) vedanIya zabda trayodaza zilAlekhameM azohane duHkha prakAzake liye prayukta kiyA hai| jainadharmameM bhI vedanIya zabda duHkha mukhaza dyota mAnA gayA hai aura ATha karmAmeM eka marmakA nAma hai| * jo samo sababhRdesu talesu thAvAMsudha / jassa rAgo ya domo ya vi iNa jati du // 526 // mulA / 1-" papaliyamANakAo payaliyamicchattamohasamacitto / pAvai tihuzNamA vohI jiNasAsaNe jIvo 7||"-att0 pR0215 2-puruSArthasiddhayupAya 417 / 3-'seya bhavabhayamahaNI bodhI |'-muulaa0 pR. 277 4-mUlAcAra pR0 135 va tatvArtha pR0 175-176 / 5-tatvArtha: vigamasUtra, pR0 30 / 6 tatvArthadhigamasUtra, pR0 160 . - - -

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270] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (13) apAsinave (apAsava) zabdakA prayoga dvitIya stama -lekhameM pAparUpameM huA hai| jainadharmameM Asrava zubha aura azubha hI mAnA gayA hai| azuma athavA apa Asatra pAe kahA gayA hai| (14) Asinada no 'Asava' zabdakA apabhraMza hai tRtIya stambha lekhameM vyavahRta huA hai| maina zabda ' aNhaya', aura yaha donoM eka hI dhAtuse bane haiN| yaha aura mAnava zabda samAnavAcI haiN| Asrava zabda bauddhoM dvArA bhI vyavahRta huA hai; kintu azocne isa zabdakA vyavahAra unake bhAvameM nahIM kiyA hai| khAsa bAta yahAM dRSTavya yaha hai ki isa staMbhalekhameM Alaba (Asinara ) ke sAthara azokane pApakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN bhAMDArakara kahate haiM ki bauddha darzanameM pApa aura mAnava, aise do bheda nahIM haiN| unake nikaTa pApa zabda AsavakA dyotaka hai / kintu jainadharmameM pApa alaga mAne gaye haiM aura Asrava unase bhinna batAye gaye haiN| kaSAyoMke vaza hokara yApa kiye jAte aura mAnavakA saMcaya hotA hai| krodha, mAna, ma.yA, loma rUpa cAra kaSAya haiM / azoka krodha aura mAnakA ullekha pApAsabake kAraNa rUpameM karatA hai / azokanI IrSyA jainoMke dveSa thA IrSyAke samAna haiM / caMDatA aura niSThuratA jainoM kI hiMsAke / antargata samiSTa hote haiN| yaha pApa aura Asravake kAraNa hai| isa prakAra azoka yahAM bhI bauddha yA kisI anya dharmake siddhAMtoM aura pAribhASika zabdoM kA vyavahAra na karake jainoMke siddhAnta aura unake pAribhASika zabdoMkA prayoga kara rahA hai| " 1-tatvArthadhigamasUtra,:pR0 124 / 2-ipIpraphiyA iNDiyA mA0 2 ' pR0 250 / 3-bhAbhazo 'pR..126-127 //

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AURA maurya saamraajy| [271 (15) dvipadacatuSpadeSu pakSivAricareSu-(dupadacatupadesu pakhivAlicalesu ) vAkya dvitIya stambha lekhameM milatA hai / yahAM pazuoMke bheda ginAye haiM, jinapara azodhne anugraha kiyA thA aura yaha noMki tIna prakArake batAye huye tiyacoMke samAna haiM / janoM ke paMcendriya tithaMca jIva (1) jalacara (2) thalacara aura (3) nabhacara isa taraha tIna prakAra haiN| (16) jIvanikAya zabda-paMcama stambha lekhameM AyA hai aura isa rUpameM isakA vyavahAra jainoMke zAstroMmeM huA milatA hai|' (17) propaya zabda paMcama stambhalekhameM hai aura jainoM meM yaha proSadhopavAsa khAsa taurapara pratipAdita hai|' (18) dharmadRddhi zabda paSTama stambhalekhameM prayukta hai / jaina sAdhuoM dvArA isa zabdakA vizeSa prayoga hotA hai aura nainoM ko dharmavRddhikA vizeSa dhyAna rahatA hai| ___ isa prakAra menaki uparokta khAsa zabdoM kA vyavahAra karanese azokake dArzanika bhI azokakA jana honA pramANita hai| vi. siddhAMta jainamatA- para unake zAna lekhoMse jina ghArmika siddhAM nusAra haiN| ntoM meM unakA vizvAsa pragaTa hotA hai, vaha bhI jainadharma ke anukUla hai / jaise: (1) azoka prANiyoMke acche bure kAmoM ke anusAra mukhaduHkharUpa phala milanA likhate haiN| vaha pApa sabako eka mAtra - 1-"yAyathe pracalatAdha nayA pramAdA dekendriyapramukha jIvanikAya baadhaa|' ityaadi| 2-lakaraNDa prAvakAcAra 4-16 va 20 / 3-vIra varSa 510311 // 1-caturpa, navama evaM trayodaza zilAlekha-jameso. mA0 17 pR0 269 / -

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272] - saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vipatti batalAte haiN| jaina se yaha viskula ThIka hai / AsavakA nAza honepara hI jIva paramasukha pA sakA hai| azokane Asava zabdako maina bhAva meM prayukta kiyA hai, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / ataeva azokamA zraddhAna ThIka jainoM ke anupArI ki prANiyoMkA saMsAra svayaM unake acche bure karmoMpara nirbhara hai| koI sarvazaktizAlI IzvA unako sukhI banAnevAlA nahIM hai / karmavargaNAoMkA bAgamana (anaba) roka diyA jAya, to AtmA sukhI hojAya / (2) AtmAkA amarapanA yadyapi azokane spaSTataH svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne paramavameM AtmAko ananta sukhakA upabhoga karane yogya likhA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vaha AtmAko . amara-avinAzI mAnate haiM aura yaha jaina mAnyatA ke anukUla hai|' (3) loko viSayameM bhI azokamA vizvAsa janoM ke anukUla pratIta hotA hai / vaha ihaloka aura paralokA bheda sthApita karake AtmAke sAtha lokkA panAtana rUpa spaSTa kara dete haiM / unake nikaTa loka anAdi hai; misameM jIvAtmA anaMta kAlataka manaMta sukhanA upabhoga kara sakatA hai| kiMtu azoka balla-bAla'kA ullekha karake loka-vyavahAra, mo yahAM parivartana hote rahate haiM, unakA bhI saMketa kara rahe haiM / jaina kahate haiM ki yadyapi yaha loka manAdi nidhana hai, para bharatakhaNDameM isameM ulaTaphera hotI rahatI hai| jisake 1-dazama zilAlekha-adha0 pR. 220 / 2-tatvArtha0 a0 6-10 / : 3-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 270 / 4-eko me sAsado appANANadasaNa lakkhaNo sesA me bAhirA bhAvA samve saMjoga lakkhaNA ||8||-kundkundaacaaryH / 5-adha0 e0 268-trayodaza zi0 16-adha0 pR0 148 va 163caturtha va paMcama shilaa|

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maurya-sAmrAjya / - [273 kAraNa isakA Adi aura aMta hai| eka parivartana athavA ulaTaphera 'kalpa' kahalAtA hai| (4) dharmake siddhAMtameM azoka jIvoMkI rakSA athavA ahiM. sAko mukhya mAnate haiN| unake nikaTa ahiMsA hI dharma hai / jaina zAstroM meM bhI dharma dayAmaI athavA ahiMsAmaI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| usameM dharmake nAmapara yajJameM bhI hiMsA karane kI manAI hai| . azo ne bhI yahI kiyA thaa| (1) dharmadhA pAlana pratyeka prANI kara saktA hai / jainadharmakI zaraNameM bhAkara kSudrase kSudra jIva apanA bhAtmakalyANa kara saktA hai| ThIka isa udAvRttakA anusaraNa azokane kiyA thaa| unakA . pratighopa thA ki dharmaviSayaka udyogake phalako kevala bar3e hI loga pAsa aimI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki choTe loga bhI udyoga kareM to mahAna svargakA sukha pAsakte haiN| isa prakAra unhoMne dharmArAdhanakI svataMtratA pratyeka prANIke liye kara dI thI aura isa bAta kA prayatna kiyA thA ki harakoI dharmakA abhyAsa kare / unakA yaha kArya bhI / yajJa-hiMsAke pratirodhakI taraha vaidika mAnyatAkA lopa thA / brAhmaNa samudAyakA zraddhAna aura vyavahAra thA ki dhArmika kArya karanekA / pUrNa adhikAra unhIMko prApta hai | azokane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezake anusAra pratyeka prANIko Atma-svAtaMtrya aura puNyasaMcaya 1-dharmamahimArUpaM saMzavantopi ye parityaktum / __ sthAvarahiMsAmasahAnamahimA te'pi muMcantu ||75-purussaarthsiddhyugy| 2-mUlAcAra pR0 108 va umaH / 3-vIra. varSa 5 pR. 230-234 / / 4-rUpanAtha aura sahasarAmake zilAlekha, mazkIkA ziSa brahmagirIkA shilaa| 10

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274] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| karane kA adhikAra dekara brAhmaNoMkI ipsa mAnyatAko naSTaprAya kara diyA thaa| uparokta pAMcoM bAtoMkA zraddhAna rakhane aura tadvata prayana karanese unane yahAM satya dharmakA sikkA jamA diyA thaa| unase kaI sau varSoM pahalese jo manuSya (arthAt brAhmaNa) yahAM sacce mAne jAte the, ve apane devatAoM sahita jhUThe siddha kara diye gye| yaha vaha svayaM batalAte haiN| (6) dharmakA pAlana pUrNa aura AMzikarUpameM kiyA jAtA hai| jainazAstroM meM yaha bheda nirdiSTa hai| azoka bhI eka deza athavA pUrNarUpameM dharmakA pAlana karanekI salAha dete haiM / tathApi vaha sAvadhAnatApUrvaka kaha rahe haiM ki Azravake phaMdese tabahI chUTA (aparisrave) jAsaktA hai, jaba saba parityAga karake bar3A parAkrama kiyA nAya ! yaha bar3A parAkrama tyAgake paramoccapada zramaNake atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| jainazAstroM kA ThIka yahI upadeza hai| (7) azokake nikaTa devatAoMkI mAnyatA bhI jainoMke samAna thii| vaha kahate haiM ki devatAoMkA sammizraNa yahAM ke logoMke sAtha banda horahA thA; umako unhoMne phira jIvita kara diyA / jainazAstroM kA kathana hai, jaise ki samrATa candraguptake solaha svapnoMmase eka svapake phalarUpa batalAyA gayA hai ki aba isa paMcamakAlameM devatA loga yahAM nahIM AyeMge; ThIka yahI bAta azoka kara rahe haiN| 1-adha0 pR074-75 sAnAdhakA prathama laghu0 shilaa| -adha pR0 189 sptmshilaa| 3-adha0 pR0 220 dazamazilA / 4-jaimU, bhA0 2 pR0 57 va apAhur3a pR0 38-40 va 57 / 5-rUpanAzaka prathama laghu zalA0-jagaepo0 san 1:1 pR. 14 / 6-jaihi0 mA. 13.00 239 / ... . . . .

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 575 unhoMne isa abhAvakI pUrtike sadprayatna kiye aura logoMko devayonike astitvakA patA batAnekA prayatna kiyA / devatAloga svayaM to A nahIM sakte the / ataeva azokane unake pratibimba logoMko . / dikhAye / ' vimAna dikhalAkara vaimAnika devatAoMkA divyarUpa logoMko darzA diyA ! ina devatAoMke indrakA airAvata hAthI jaina logoM meM bahuprasiddha hai / jaba tIrthaMkara bhagavAnakA janma hotA hai taba indra isI hAthIpara car3hakara AtA hai / Ajakala bhI jaina rathayAtrAoM meM kATha vagairaha ke bane hue aise hI hAthI nikAle jAte haiM / azoka ne bhI aise hI hAthI jalasameM dikhAye the / 'agni- skaMdha ' dikhalAkara azokane jyotiSI devoMke astitvakA vizvAsa logoMko karAyA pratIta hai; kyoMki ina devoMkA zarIra agnike samAna jyoti- . maya hotA hai / zeSameM bhavanavAsI deva raha gaye | azokane inake darzana bhI logoM ko anya divyarUpa dikhalAkara karA diye the| sArAMzataH azokakI yaha mAnyatA bhI janoM kI deva yonike varNana se hI samAnatA rakhatI hai | isase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki azokako ' mUrtipUjA' se paraheja nahIM thA / jenoM ke yahAM tIrthaMkara bhagavAnakI mUrtiyAM sthApita karake pUjA karanekA rivAja bahuprAcIna hai / 1 (8) azoka saba dhArmika kAryoM kA phala svarga-mukhakA milanA batalAtA hai / usane mokSa athavA nirvANakA nAma ullekha bhI nahIM kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM 'nirvANa' hI jIvana athavA arhat padakA aMtima phala likhA gayA hai; kintu azoka usakA kahIM nAma bhI * 1 - adha0 pR0 146 - paMcama zilAH / 2-hari0 10 11 / 3- a60 pR0 147 / 4 - tatvAdha0 4 / 1 /

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276 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | nahIM lete haiN|' isI taraha jaina zAstroMmeM mokSa hI manuSya kA aMtima dhyeya batAyA gayA hai; para azoka usakA bhI ullekha nahIM karate haiM / kintu unakA mokSake viSaya meM kucha bhI na kahanA jana dRSTise ThIka hai; kyoMki vaha jAnate the ki isa jamAne meM koI bhI yahAMse usa parama padako nahIM pAsaktA hai aura vaha yahAMke logoMke liye. dharmArAdhana karanekA upadeza de rahe haiN| vaha kaise una bAtoM kA upadeza deM athavA ullekha kareM jisako yahAMke manuSya isa kAlameM pAhI nahIM sakte haiM / jaina zAstra spaSTa kahate haiM ki paMcamakAla meM (vartamAna samaya meM) koI bhI manuSya - cAhe vaha zrAvaka ho athavA muni mokSa lAbha nahIM. kara saktA / vaha svargIke sukhoMko pAsaktA hai| phira eka yaha bAta bhI. vicAraNIya hai ki azoka kevala dharmArAdhanA karanepara jora derahA hai aura yaha kArya zubharUpa tathApi puNya pradAyaka hai| jaina zAstrAnu pAra isa zubha kAryakA phala svarga sukha hai| isI kAraNa azokane logoM ko svarga prApti karane kI ora AkRSTa kiyA hai| usake batAye hue. dharmaH kAryoM se sivAya svarga sukhake aura kucha mila hI nahIM saktA thA | 1 (9) kRta aparAdhako azoka kSamA kara dete the, kevala isa zarta para ki aparAdhI svayaM upavAsa va dAna kare athavA usake saMbaMdhI vaisA kre| hama dekha cuke haiM ki jaina zAstroM meM prAyazcittako vizeSa mahatva diyA huA hai| garhA, nindA, AlocanA aura pratikramaNa / 1 - jamIso0 bhA0 17 * pR0 271 / 2-ajjavi tirayaNasuddhA appA jhAeci lahadda iMdattaM / loyaMtiyadevattaM tattha cuANivbudiM jaMti // 77 // aSTa0 pR0 338 3 - dhammeNa pariNadappA, appA jadi suddhasampayoga judo / pAvadiH nivvANasuhaM, suhoSajupto va sagasa // 11 // - pravacanamAra TIkA bhA0 1. pR0 39 / 4-stambha lekha 7 va jameso 0 bhA0 17 pR0 270 //

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [277 karake koI bhI prANI kRtapApake dopase vimukta hotA hai| use kAyosarga aura upavAsa vizeSa rUpameM karane par3ate haiN| jinendra bhagavAnakI pUjana va dAna bhI yathAzakti karanA hotA hai| ataeva kRta pApake doSase chUTane ke liye azokane jo niyama nirdhArita kiyA 'thA, vaha jainoMke anusAra hai ! isa prakAra svayaM azokake zAsana-lekhoM tathApi pUrvollikhita svAdhIna mAkSIse yaha spaSTa hai ki mazonA sambandha avazya jaina dharmase thaa| hamAre vicArase vaha prArambhameM eka zrAvaka (jaina gRhastha) yA aura apane jIvana ke aMtima samaya taka vaha bhAva apekSA jaina thA; yadyapi pragaTameM usane udAravRtti grahaNa karakI thii| brAhmaNoM, mAjIvikoM aura bauddhoMkA bhI vaha samAna rItise mAdara karane lagA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki bauddha dharmakI ora vaha kucha adhika sadaya humA thaa| yadyapi usake zAsana lekhoMmeM aisI koI zikSA nahIM hai no khAsa bauddhoMkI ho| akabara ke samAna " dIna ilAhI" kI taraha yadyapi azokane koI svataMtra mata nahIM calAyA thA, taumI usakI aMtima dhArmika pravRtti makabarake samAna thii| jaina akabarako jainadharmAnuyAyI huA prakaTa karate haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki azokake viSayameM jaina zAstroM meM sAmAnya varNana hai; kintu isase *. 1-dekho prAyazcitta saMgraha-mANikacanda pranyamAlA / 2-adha0 .pU. "361-paSThama stambha lekhe / 3-maivu0 50 112, senA; iMai0 mA02010 26. jamIyo0 bhA0 17 pR0 271-275 / 4-azoka sApha likhatA hai ki 'mere mata' meM athavA 'merA upadeza hai (1-2 kaliMga zilAlesa ca SaSThama va saptama stambha lekha) ataH unakA nijI mata kisI sampradAya vizeSase bhantameM mavalaMbita nahIM thaa| 5-sasU0 pR0 377 /

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.278) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hamArI mAnyatAmeM kucha bAdhA nahIM AtI; azokakA nAmollekha taka jaina zAstroMme na hotA to bhI koI harna hI nahIM thaa| kyoMki hama jAnate haiM ki pahileke jaina lekhakoMne itihAsakI ora vizeSa rItise dhyAna nahIM diyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki khAravela mahAmeghavAhana jaise dharmaprabhAvaka jana samrATakA nAma nizAna taka jena zAstroMmeM nahIM milatA | ataH azokapara jainadharmakA vizeSa prabhAva janmase par3A mAnanA aura vaha eka samaya zrAvaka the, yaha pragaTa karanA kucha anucita nahIM hai| unake zAptanalekhaka stambha Adipara jaina ciTa milate haiN| siMha aura hAthIke cihna jainoMke nikaTa vizeSa mAnya haiM / azokake staMbhoMpara siMhakI murti banI huI milatI hai aura yaha usa DhaMgapara hai, jaise ki manya jaina stambhoM meM milatI hai| yaha bhI unake jainatvakA ghotaka hai| kiMtu hamArI yaha mAnyatA Ajakalake adhikAMza vidvAnoM ke * azokako bauddha mAnanA matake viruddha hai| Ajakala prAyaH yaha ___ ThIka nahIM hai| sarvamAnya hai ki azoka apane rAjyake nave varSase bauddha upAsaka ho gayA thaa| kiMtu yaha mata pahilese 1-ye donoM kramazaH antima aura dUsare tIrthaGkarake cinha hai aura inakI mAnyatA jainoMmeM vizeSa hai / (vIra0 bhA0 3 pR0 466-460) -mi0 TaoNmasane bhI jaina cinhoMkA mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai aura kuhAGake jaina staMbhapara siMhakI mUrti aura usakI banAvaTa azokake stambhoM jaisI batAI hai / (jarAeso0 bhA0 9 pR0 161 va 188 phuTanoTa naM0 2) 'takSazilAke jaina stUpoMke pAsase jo staMbha nikale hai unapara bhI siMha hai| (takSa. pR0 73) zravaNabelagolake eka zilAlekhake prArambhameM hAyIkA cinha hai / 2-Iai0 mA0 20 pR. 230 /

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maurya saamraajy| [275 hI azokake bauddhatvako vAstavika mAnakara vidvAnoMne svIkAra kiyA hai, varan aisA koI spaSTa kAraNa nahIM hai ki unheM bauddha mAnA jAve / yaha mata nayA bhI nahIM hai / DA. phlITa, mi. mekaphaila, mi0 monahana aura mi0 herasane azokako bauddha dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa nahIM kiyA thA / DaoN. karna' aura DaoN0 senArTa va halza sA. bhI azokake zAsana lekhoMmeM koI vAta khAsa bauddhatvakI paricAyaka nahIM dekhate haiM, kiMtu vaha bauddhoMke siMhakIya graMthoMke AdhArapara azokako bauddha huA mAnate haiM / aura unakI yaha mAnyatA vizeSa mahatvazAlI nahIM hai kyoMki bauddhoMke siMhalIya athavA 4 thI se 6 ThI za0 taka manya grantha kAlpanika aura avizvasanIya pramANita huye haiN| tathApi rUpanAthake prathama laghu zilAlekhake AdhArase jo azokako bauddha upAsaka humA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki bauddha upAsakake liye zrAvaka zabda vyavahRta nahIM hosaktA hai jaise ki isa lekha meM vyavahRta huA hai| bauddhoMke nikaTa zrAvaka zabda vihAroM meM rahanevAle bhikSuoMkA paricAyaka hai" aura uparokta lekha evaM anya lekhoMse prakaTa hai ki azoka usasamaya eka upAsaka the|11 1-jarAelo, 1908, pR0 491-492 / 2-maiazo0 pR0 48 / 3-arlI hisTrI Apha vaMgAla pR0 214 / 4-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 272-276 / 5-mai70 pR0 112 / 6-iMai0 bhA0 20 pR0 260 / 7-C. J. J. I. p. XIIx jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR. 271 / 8-azo0 pR0 19 va 23, bhAazo. pR0 96 aura maivu* pR0 110 / 9-adha0 pR0 69 / 10-bhamabu0 bhUmikA pR. 12 / 11-agha0 pR0 72-80...1 - -

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280] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / . maskIke zilAlekhameM unakA ullekha 'eka buddha zAkya ke nAmase avazya huA hai; kiMtu yaha unake jJAnaprAptikA dyotaka hI mAnA gayA hai| isase yaha prakaTa nahIM hotA ki azone cauddhadharmakI dIkSA lI thii| hAM, yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha zrAvaka athavA upAsaka huA thA, jase ki vaha svayaM kahatA hai / isase bhAva vratI zrAvaka honeke haiN| kiMtu agAr3I azoka kahatA hai ki karIba eka varSase kucha adhika samaya huA ki jabase maiM saMgha AyA hUM tabase maiMne acchI taraha udyoga diyA hai| bauddhagranthoMmeM bhI azokake bauddhasaMghameM AnekI isa ghaTanAmA ullekha hai| vulhara, smitha aura TaoNmasa sA0 ne isa parase azokako cauddhasaMghameM sammilita huA hI mAna liyA thaa| DaoN0 bhANDArakara azokako bauddha bhikSu huA nahIM mAnate; balki kahate haiM ki saMgha mazoka eka 'bhikSugatika' ke rUpameM avazya rahA thaa| kiMtu mi0 herasa kahate haiM ki vaha bauddhasaMghameM sammilita nahIM huA thaa| azoka bauddha saMghameM gayA avazya thA, aura bhikSunIvanakI tapasyAkA usapara prabhAva bhI par3A thA; kiMtu itanepara bhI usane bauddhadharmahI dIkSA nahIM lI thii| isa ghaTanA ke bAda azobhane do zAsanalekha pragaTa kiye the| eka rUpanAthavAlA zilAlekha hai jo sAdhAraNa janatAko lakSya karake likhA gayA hai aura dusarA kalakacA vairATavAlA zilAlekha hai, jipsako unhoMne bauddhasaMghako lakSya karake likhA hai| rUpanAthavAlA - . 1-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0.273 / 2-adha0 pR. 73-74. / 3-mahAvaMza (kolambo) pR0 23 / 4-jamIso. bhA0 17. pR0 274 / 5-mAazo0 pR0 79-80 / 6-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 272-2761

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maurya sAmrAjya / [281 zilAlekha yadyapi cauddhasaMghameM ho Aneke bAda likhA gayA hai; parantu usameM koI bhI aisI zikSA nahIM hai jo cauddha kahI jAtake / dusare vairATavAle zilAlekhake anusAra to azokako bauddha huA hI prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| kintu vaha sarva prajAko lakSya karake nahIM likhA gayA hai| yadi vastutaH azoka bauddha huye the to vaha apane isa zraddhAnakA pratighoSa sarvasadhAraNameM karate aura unake lekhameM bauddhazi*kSAkA honA lAjamI thaa| phira unake bauddha ho jAnepara yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM thA ki vaha una matavAloM-jaise brAhmaNoM, nainoM, Anivika mAdikA satkAra kara sakte, jinakA bauddhagranthoMmeM khAsA virodha kiyA gayA hai| vairATa zilAlekha kevala bauddha saMghako lakSya karake likhA gayA hai aura usameM azoka saMghako abhivAdana karake jo yaha kahate haiM ki 'he bhadantagaNa, Apako mAlUma hai ki buddha dharma aura saMghameM hamArI kitanI bhakti aura gaurava hai' vaha ThIka hai| yaha 'eka sAmAnya vAkya hai, isameM kisI dhArmika zraddhAnako vyakta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| azokake samAna udAramanA rAjAke liye yaha ucita hai ki vaha jaba eka saMpradAyavizeSake saMghameM apane matako mAnyatA dilAnA 'cAhatA hai, to vaha ziSTAcArake nAte unakA samucita Adara kare aura vizvAsa dilAve ki vaha unake matake viruddha nahIM hai| azokane yahI kiyA thaa| unane yaha nahIM kahA thA ki hameM bauddhadharmameM vizvAsa hai aura hama usameM dIkSita hote haiN| ziSTAcArakI pUrti karake unane saMghako bauddhadharmake una khAsa granthoMke adhyayana va acAra-karanekA parAmarza diyA, jo unake matake anukUla the kyoMki

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282] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / azoka yaha anyatra pagaTa kara cuke haiM ki vaha pratyeka dharmAvala. mbIko apane hI dharmakA pUrNa Adara karanA ucita samajhate haiN| isake atirikta usa lekhameM koI bhI aisI bAta yA upadeza nahIM hai jisase bauddhadharmakA pratibhAsa ho / tisapara isa lekhake sAtha hI uparokta rUpanAthakA zilAlekha likhA gayA thaa| ina donoM zikAlekhoM meM pArasparika bheda bhI dRSTavya hai / rUpanAtha vAle zilAlekhameM kucha bhI bauddhadharma viSayaka nahIM hai| yaha bAta mi0 herasa bhI prakaTa karate haiN| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki azokane apanI prathama dharmayAtrA meM kaI bauddha tIrthoke darzana kiye the| kintu AThaveM zilAlekhameM prayukta huye 'sambodhi' zabdase jo ma0 buddha ke 'jJAnaprAptike sthAna (bodhivRkSa) kA matalaba liyA jAtA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| yahAM sambodhise bhAva 'samyakjJAna prApta kara lenese' hai / jaina zAstroMmeM 'boSi' kA pAlenA hI dharmArAdhanameM mukhya mAnA gayA hai| azo. kake yaha 'bodhilAbha' unake rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda daza varSameM humA thaa| hAM, apane rAjyaprAptise bIsaveM varSameM mazoka avazya ma0 buddhake janmasthAna lumbinivanameM gaye the aura vahAM unane pUjA-arcA kI thI aura usa grAmavAsiyoMse kara lenA chor3a diyA thaa| isake pahile apane rAjyake 14veM varSameM vaha buddhako nAkamana (kanakamuni) . 1-jamIyo0 bhA0 17 pR. 274-275 / 2--iMai0, 1913, pR0 159 / 3-adha0 pR* 197 / 4-seyaM bhavamaya mahaNI nodhI guNavityaja mage ladA / jadi paDidA mahu sulahA tadA Na samaM pamAdo me ||758||-muulaacaar* / 5-adha0 pR0383-kammina deI stambha lekh..|

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maurya sAmrAjya / | 283 ke stRpakA punaruhAra kara cuke the| kintu unakA bauddhadharmake prati yaha mAdarabhAva kucha anokhA nahIM thaa| vaha spaSTa kahate haiM ki. maiMne patra saMpradAyoMkA vividha prakArase satkAra kiyA hai| AnIvikoMke liye unane kaI guphAyeM vanavAI thiiN| isIprakAra brAhmaNa aura nirgranthoM (janoM) kA bhI unheM dhyAna thaa| ___ 'mahAvaMza' meM likhA hai ki azokane kaI bauddhavihAra banavAye the; to udhara 'rAjatariGgaNI' se pragaTa hai ki unhoMne kAzmIrameM kaI brAhmaNa maMdira banavAye the| jainoMkI bhI mAnyatA hai ki azokane zravaNabelagola Adi sthAnoMpara kaI jaina maMdira nirmita karAye the| ataeva azokako kisI sampradAyavizeSakA anu. yAyI mAna lenA kaThina hai / uparokta varNanako dekhate huye unakA cauddha honA azakya hai / bauddhamatako bhI vaha anya matoMke samAna AdarakI dRSTise dekhate the aura bauddhasaMghakI pavitratA aura akSuNNa.. tAke icchuka the / videzoMmeM no unhoMne apane dharmakA pracAra kiyA. thA usase bhI unake cauddhatvakA kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA hai| mizra, mekoDoniyA prabhRti dezoMmeM azokake dharmopadezaka gaye the kintu ina dezoMmeM bauddhoMke kucha bhI cinha nahIM milate; yadyapi mizra, madhyaeziyA aura yUnAnameM eka samaya digambara jaina muniyoM ke astitva evaM ina dezoMkI dhArmika mAnyatAoMmeM jainadharmakA prabhAva 1-agha0 pR. 386-niglIva stambha lekha (vuddha kanaka muni naumatake virodhI devadattakI saMpradAyameM vizeSa mAnya hai) 2-adha0 pR. 360-paSTha stamma Tekha / 3-adha0 pR. 401-tIna guhA lekha / . '.4-mahAvaMza pR0 23 / 5-rAjataraMgiNI bhA0 1 pR. 20 / 6-hivi0. bhA0 7 pR. 150 / 7-jamIyo0 mA0 1. pR. 272 / -

Page #306
"284] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 'akTa hotA hai| cIna Adi eziyAvartI dezoMmeM cauddhadharmakA pracAra azorake bAda huA thA aura ina dezoMmeM azokane apane koI dharmopadezaka nahIM bheje the | ataH madhyAaiziyA, cInaM bhAdi dezoMmeM bauddhadharmake cinha milane ke kAraNa yaha nahIM kahA jAtA * ki azokane una dezoMmeM bauddhadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| 'mahAvaMza meM 'likhA hai ki azokakA pitA brAhmaNoMkA upAsaka thA; kintu bauddhagraMthoMke isa ullekha mAtrase bindumAra aura azokako brAhmaNa mAna lenA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; aba ki hama unakI zikSAoMmeM pragaTataH 'bAhmaNa mAnyatAoM ke viruddha matoMkI puSTi aura unakI avahelanA huI dekhate haiN| . isa prakAra mAlama yaha hotA hai ki yadyapi azoka prArambhameM azokakA zraddhAna apane pitAmaha aura pitAke samAna jainadharmakA jaina tasvIpara anta mAtra zraddhAnI thA, kintu jainadharmake saMsargase samaya taka thaa| usakA hRdaya komala aura dayAlu hotA jArahA 'thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki kaliMga vijayake uparAMta vaha zrAvaka ho gayA aura aba yadi vaha brAhmaNa hotA to kadApi yajJoMkA niSedha na krtaa| vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki use 'bodhI' kI prApti huI hai| no jainadharmameM AtmakalyANameM mukhya mAnI gaI hai| yadyapi azokane apane zeSa jIvana meM uddhAravRtti--grahaNa kara lI thI aura samAna -mAvase vaha sava sampradAyoMkA Adara aura dinaya karane lagA thaa| kintu usakI zikSAoMmeM orase chora taka jenasiddhAMtoM kA samAveza aura unakA pracAra kiyA huA milatA hai| unakA saptama stambha 1-bhayA0 pR0 186-202 / 2-mahAvaMza pR0 15 / - -

Page #307
maurya saamraajy| [285lekha, jo unake atima jIvanameM dikhA gayA thA, isa vyavasthAkA , puSTa pramANa hai|' ipa levameM azokane dharma aura dhyAnake madhya jo bheda pragaTa kiyaa| hai, vaha janadharmake anukUla hai / isI lekhameM vaha kaha cuke haiM ki 'dharma dagA, dAna, patya, zauca, mRdutA aura sAdhunAmeM hai|' ina dharma niyamoMra vaha dharmakI vRddhi huI mAnane haiM; kintu dhyAnako vaha vizeSa mahatva dete haiN| dhyAnakI badaulata manuSyoM meM dharmakI vRddhi, prANiyoMkI . mahimA aura yajJoMmeM jIvoM kA anAlaMbha bar3hA, unhoMne pragaTa kiyA hai / jainadharma, dayA. dAna, matya AdikI gaNanA daza dharmome kI gaI hai aura dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM meM eka dharmadhyAna batAyA gayA hai| yaha dharmadhyAna zubhopayogarUpa hai, jo puNya aura svargasukhakA kAraNa , hai| zrAvakako dhyAna karane kI AjJA jina zAstrameM maujUda hai|' dharmadhyAna cAra prakAracA hai arthAt (1) AjJAvicaya, (2) apAyatricaya, (3) vipAvicaya aura (4) saMsthAna vicaya / inameM - 1-adha0 pR. 362 / 2-dhamma sukaM ca duve pasatyazANANi NeyANi / // 394 // mUlA0 mA tivihapayAraM suhAsuI suddhameva gAyacvaM / ahaM ca ahamadaM muha dhamma jiNayariMdehi // 76 ||-asstt. pR. 214 / 3-dhammeNa pariNadamA appA nadi suddhapampayoga judo / pAvadi NiyANa suI, suhovajutto va saggasuI // 11 ||-prvcnptaar| uvaogo jadi hi suo puNe jIvassa saMcayaM jAdi / asuro vA tadha pAvaM, tesimabhAve Na capamatyi // 67 ||--pravacanasAra / 4-gahiUNa ya sammattaM suNimmaLaM saragirIgha NipaMpa / taM jANe sAijjai sApaya ! dukkhakkhayahAe // 86 // . -aSTa. pa. 344 15-sayaggeNa maNaM NihabhiUNa-dhamma cubih-shaahuu| - ANApAyavivAya vivo saMThANa vicayaM ca // 398 ||-muulaacaar / /

Page #308
286 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / apAyavicaya dharmadhyAnake bhArAdhakake liye Atma-ilyANako prApta karanevAle upAyoM kA dhyAna karanA athavA jIvoMke zubhAzubha maukA nAza aura unameM dharmakI vRddhi kase ho, aisA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| azoka isI dharmakI vRddhi huI svIkAra karate haiN| unhoMne isa dharmadhyAnakA vizeSa citavana kiyA pratIta hotA hai / aura usIke balapara vaha apanI dharma-vijayameM maphaLamanoratha huye the| jisa dharmapracArako unake pUrvana nahIM kara sake usako unhoMne sahana hI digantavyApI banA diyA / ataH yaha kahA jAsakA hai ki azoka apane aMtima samaya taka bhAvoMkI apekSA bahuta karake jaina thA / usane rAjanItikA Azraya lekara apane AdhIna prajAke vividha dharmokI mAnyatAoMkA Adara kiyA thA aura unheM dhamake usa rUpako mAnaneke liye bAdhya kara diyA thA, jisapara vaha svayaM vizvAsa rakhatA thaa| logoMmeM dharmavRddhi karaneke jina upAyoMko azokane apane dharma-pracArakA DhaMga dhyAna balase pratiSThita kiyA thA, unako vaha aura . kriyAtmaka rUpa dekara zAMta huA thaa| azo. usameM saphalatA / kane apane saba hI choTe bar3e rAja-karmacAriyoMko yAjJA de rakkhI thI ki-"ve daurA karate huye 'dharma kA pracAra kareM aura isa bAtakI kar3I dekhabhAla rakkhe ki loga sarakArI AjJAoMkA yathocita pAlana karate haiM yA nhiiN| tRtIya zilAlekha isI viSayake sambaMdha hai| usameM likhA hai ki-devatAoMke priya priya. 1-ilyANa pAvagAo pAo viciNodi jiNamadamuvicca / vici. NAdi vA apAye jIvANamuhe ya amuddeya // 400 ||-muulaacaar / - - -

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maurya sAmrAjya / .. [287 darzI rAjA aisA kahate haiM:-mere rAjyameM saba jagaha yukta (choTe karmacArI ) rajjuka ( kamiznara ) aura prAdezika (pAMtIya aphamara) pAMca2 varSapara isa kAmake liye arthAt dharmAnuzAsanake liye tathA aura kAmoM ke liye yaha kahate hue daurA kareM ki-" mAtA-pitAkI sevA karanA tathA mitra, paricita, svajAtIya, brAhmaNa aura zramaNako dAna denA acchA hai / jIva hiMsA na karanA acchA hai| kama kharca karanA aura kama saMcaya karanA acchA hai|" apane rAjyAbhiSeke 13 varSa bAda azokane 'dharma mahAmAtra naye karmacArI niyukta kiye / ye karmacArI samasta rAjyameM tathA yavana, kAmboja, gAMdhAra ityAdi pazcimI sImApara rahanevAlI jAtiyoMke madhya dharmapracAra karaneke liye niyukta the| yaha padavI bar3I U~cI thI aura isa padapara striyAM bhI niyata thii| dharma mahAmAtrake nIce 'dharmayukta ' nAmaka choTe karmacArI bhI the jo unako dharmapracArameM sahAyatA dete the| azokake 13veM zilAlekhane patA calatA hai ki unhoMne ina dezoMmeM apane dUna athavA upadezaH dharmapracArArtha bheje the | arthAta (1) maurya sAmrAjyake antargata bhinna bhinna pradeza, (2) sAmAjyake sImAnta pradeza aura sImApara rahanavAlI yavana, kAmboja, gAndhAra, rASTrika, pitanika, bhona, AMdhra, pulinda Adi nAtiyoM ke deza; (3) sAmrAjyakI jaMgalI jAtiyoM ke prAnta, (4) dakSiNI bhAratake svAdhIna rAjya jaise keralaputra, (ce ), satya putra (tulu-koMkaNa), cor3a (koromaNDala ), pAMDya (mduH| va. tinAlI jile ), (6)

Page #310
288 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / tAmraparNI arthAt laGkAdvIpa; aura (6) sIriyA, mizra, mAisInI, mesiDoniyA aura epirasa nAmaka pAMca grIka rAnA ninapA kramase aMtiyoka ( Antiochos II, 261-216 B. C.), tAmaya (Ptolong Philadelphoz; 285-247 BC.;75(Iluga. 285-254 B. atiphini (Antigonos; Gonatas 277239 B.C.) aura malika sundara (Alextuder 27:25 B. C.) nAmake rAjA rAjya karate the| __ IsavI sanke pUrva 25 meM ye pAMcoM ganA eka mAtha nauvita the / mataH anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isI samaya azo dhopadezaka dharmakA pracAra karane ke liye videzoM meM bheje gae the| isa prakAra yaha prakaTa hai ki azokA dharmapracAra kA bhAratameM hI sImita nahIM rahA thaa| pratyuna e zayA, mAchA aura coharameM bhI umane dharmopadezaka bheje the| hA mukhya kAryazrI pekSA samArabharake mAdhunika itihApau koI bhI smrATa azokakI samAnatA nahIM kara sakA / vaha eka advitIya rAnA the| azokane nina uparokta dezoMmeM dharmapracAra kiyA thA, unameM kisI na kisI rUpameM maiMna cinhoMke astitvakA patA calatA hai| 1-lakA janadharma kA pracAra eka atyanta prAcInakAlane thA, para jaina zAtrose pragaTa hai / laMkAkA sakSamavaMza, jisameM prasiddha rAjA gavaga huA, jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| (bhapA0 pR0 160-168) azorale pahile samrATa candraguptake samayameM laMkA pAdumaya nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA (367-307 I0 pU0) / isane nipranyo (nau) ke liye apanI rAjadhAnI anurudrapurameM maMdira va vihAra banAye the / (Ise0 pR0 37) / 2-adha0 pR0.54-55 / 3-bhapA0 pR. 186-202 / / -w o main

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maurya saamraajy| __ [289 azokake pote saMpratine apane pitAmahake isa pracAra kAryakA punaruddhAra kiyA thA aura unhoMne pragaTataH jainadharmakA pracAra bhAratetara dezoMmeM kiyA thaa| yadi muni kalyANa aura phira samrATa azoka apane udArarUpameM una dharmasiddhAMtoMkA, jo sarvathA jaina dharmAnukUla the, pracAra na karate, to saMpatike liye yaha sugama na thA ki vaha jaina dharmakA pracAra aura jaina muniyoM kA vihAra videzoMmeM karA pAtA / isa dezoMmeM azocane apane dharmapracAra dvArA jainadharmakI no sevA kI hai vaha kama mahatvakI nahIM hai| unheM usameM bar3I saphalatA milI thii| use ve bar3e gauravake sAtha 'dharmavinaya' kahate haiN|' samrATa azokane apanI dharma zikSAoMko bar3Ira zikAoM azokake zilAlekha va aura pASANa stambhoMpara aMkita kara diyA shilpkaary| thaa| unake yaha zilAlekha ATha prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM-(1) caTTAnoM ke choTe zilAlekha no saMbhavataH 257 I0 pU0 se prArambha hue kevala do haiM, (2) bhAbUkA zilAlekha bhI isI samayakA hai, (3) caudaha pahAr3I zilAlekha saMbhavataH 13 yA 14 varSake haiM; (4) kaliGgake do zilAlekha saMbhavataH 256 I0 pU0 meM aMkita karAye gaye; (5) tIna guphA lekha; (6) dota. rAIke zilAlekha (249 I0 pU0), (7) sAta stambhoMke lekha chai pAThoMmeM haiM (243 va 242 I0 pU0) aura (8) choTe stambhoMke lekha (240 I0 puu0)| ina lekhoMmase zAhabAja aura mAnasaharAke lekha to kharoTImeM aura bAkI usa samayakI pracalita brAhmI . 1-pari0 pR0 94 va saM0 prAgaismA0 10 179 12-adha0 pR. 212-trayodaza zilAlekha / 3-lAmAha. pR0 173 /

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290 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | lipi meM haiM / bhAratavarSake prApta lekhoM meM yaha lekha sarva prAcIna samajhe jAte haiM aura inase usa samaya ke bhAratakI dazAkA saccA 2 hAla prakaTa hotA hai / eka bar3e gaurava aura mahatvakI bAta yaha mAlama hotI hai ki 'usa samaya pAzcAtya loga bhI hamAre hI pUrvajoMse gharmalA upadeza sunA karate the / " 1 ina lekhoM ke atirikta azokane stUpa Adi bhI banavAye the usake samaya vAstuvidyA aura citraNakalAkI khUba unnati huI thI / Fast pattharapara pAliza karanekI dastakArI vizeSa prakhyAta hai / kahate haiM ki aisI pAliza usake bAda Aja taka kisI anya patthara para dekhane meM nahIM milI hai / ataeva par3anA hogA ki azokake samaya dharmavRdvike sAtha sAtha logoMmeM sukha-sampattikI samRddhi bhI kAphI huI thI; kyoMki vidyA aura lalitakalA kI unnati kisI deza meM usI samaya hotI hai; jaba vaha deza saba taraha bharapUra aura samRddhizAlI hotA hai / samrATa azoka ne karIba 40 varSa taka apane vistRta sAmrajya azokakA antima para suzAsana kiyA thA / aura antameM lagabhaga jIvana | san 236 I0 pU0 vaha isa asAra saMsArako chor3a gaye the / bauddhazAstroM meM jo inake aMtima jIvanakA paricaya milatA hai, usase prakaTa hai ki usa samaya rAjyakA adhikAra unake pautra sampratike hAthoM meM pahuMca gayA thA aura vaha manamAne tarIke se dharmakArya meM rupayA kharca nahIM kara sakte the| kaha nahIM sakte ki bauddhoMke 1 - prA0 bhA0 2 pR0 128 - 129 / 2- bhAdvArA0 bhA0 2 1 pR0 130 /

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [291 isa dhana kahAMtaka saccAI hai ? unake granthoMse yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki unakA eka bhAI cItazoka nAmaka 'titthiyoM' (jainoM) kA bhakta thA / vaha bauddha bhikSuoMko vAsanAsakta Rhakara cir3hAyA karatA thaa| azokAne prANamaya dvArA use bauddha banAyA thaa| bauddha zAstroMmeM yaha bhI likhA hai ki azokane eka jaina dvArA buddhamUrtikI avinaya kiye jAne ke kAraNa hajAroM jainoMko puNDvaIna yAdi sthAnokara mAvA diyA thaa| pATaliputrameM eka jaina muniko bauddha hone ke liye una bAdhya kiyA thA kintu bauddha hone kI apekSA una muni mahArAjane prANoM kI bali car3hA denA ucita samajhA thaa| kintu cauddhoMkI ina dhAoMmeM patyatAkA aMgaviNkula nahIM pratIta hotA hai| sAMcIke bauddha pugatatvase pragaTa hai ki I0 pU0 prathama zatAbditA avinayake bhayase ma0 buddhakI mUrti pASANameM akita bhI nahIM kI jAtI thii| phira bhalA yaha to asaMbhava hI ThaharatA hai ki azoka samaya ma0 vuddhakI mUrtiyAM milatI hoN| tisapara azokakI zikSAyeM unako eka mahAna udAramanA rAjA pramANita karatI haiN| unake dvArA ukta prakAra hatyAkAMDa racane kI saMbhAvanA svapnameM bhI nahIM kI jAsaktI / bauddhoMkI ukta kathAyeM usI prakAra asatya 1-azoka0 pR. 254 / 2-divyAvadAna 427-maitru0 pR0 114 / 3-jaiga0 bhA0 14 pR0 59 / 4-jamIso. bhA0 17 pR0 272-pANinisUtrake pAtaJjali bhASya (Goldstuckor's Panini. p. 228) meM mauryoko suvarNa mUrtiyAM banavAte aura vecate likhA hai| bhASya meM likhA hai ki ziva, skandha, vizAkhakI mUrtiyAM nahIM becI jAtI thiiN| aura bauddha mUrtiyAM / bhI usa samaya nahIM thiiN| ata: maudhoM dvArA banAI gaI mUrtiyAM jaina honA cAhiye / isa taraha pAtaJjalibhASyase bhI mauryokA jaina honA prakaTa hai|

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A 291] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / haiM, jisaprakAra unakA yaha kahanA ki azoka apane bhAI-bahinoM ke niraparAdha khunase hAtha raGgakara siMhAsanapara baiThA thaa| kintu inase bhI itanA patA calatA hai ki azokake gharAne meM jainadharmakI mAnyatA avazya thii| kinhIM vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki jainadharma aura cauDamatakA pracAra dharma-pracAra bhAratIya hojAnese evaM samrATa azoka hArA ina veda patanakA kAraNa virodhI matoM kA vizeSa bhAdara hone ke kAraNa nahIM hai| bhAratIya janatAmeM sAMpradAyika vidvepakI jar3a jama gaIM; jisane bhAratakI svAdhInatAko naSTa karake chodd'aa| unake khayAlase bauddhakAlake pahile bhAratameM sAMpradAyikatAkA nAma nahIM thA aura vaidika mata akSuNNa rItise pracalita thii| kintu yaha mAnyatA aitihAsika satyapara haratAla pheranevAlI hai / bhAratameM eka bahu prAcInakAlase jaina aura janetara saMpradAya sAtha 2 cale mArahe haiN| vaidika dharmAvalaMbiyoMmeM bhI aneka saMpradAya purAne jamAne meM the|' kintu ina sabameM sAMpradAyika kaTTaratA nahIM thI; jaisI ki uparAMta kAlameM hogaI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra taka evaM mauryakAla ke uparAMta kAlameM bhI aise udAharaNa milate haiM, jinase eka hI kuTumnameM vividha matoMke mAnanevAle loga maujUda the| yadi pitA bauddha hai, to putra jaina hai| strI vaiSNava hai to pati jainadharmakA zraddhAnI hai| ataH yaha nahIM kahA jAsakA ki mauryakAlase hI sAMpradAyika vidveSakI jvAlA bhAranISa janatAmeM dhadhakane lagI thii| yaha nAzakAriNI bhAga to madhya - - -iMai0, bhA0 9pR0 138 / 2-dekho hisTrI oNpha prI0 buddhi sTika iMDiyana philasaphI / 3-iMhikkA0 bhA0 4 pR. 148-49 /

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maurya saamraajy| [293 kAlase aura khAsakara zrI zaGkarAcAryanIke samayase hI khuba dhadhakI thii| sAmpradAyikatAkA udgama yadyapi bhAratameM bahuta pahale hocukA thA, parantu usameM kaTTaratA bAdameM hI AI thii| azokake nAmase jo lekha maujUda haiM, ve usake dharma aura pavitratAke bhAvase labAlaba bhare hue haiN| unase spaSTa hai ki azoka eka bar3A parizramI udyogI aura prajAhitaiSI rAjA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake itane dIrghakAlIna zAsana-kAla meM eka bhI vidroha nahIM haA thaa| pranAkI zikSA-dIkSAkA use pUrA dhyAna thaa| vastutaH itane vizAla sAmrAjyakA eka dIrghakAla taka binA kisI vidrohake rahanA isa bAtakA paryApta pramANa hai ki azokake samayameM sArI prajA bahuta sukhI aura samRddhizAlI thii| vaha sAmpradAyikatAko bahuta kucha bhulA cukI thii| azokake usa bar3e sAmrAjyake sAra-samAlake yogya unakA koI bhI uttarAdhikArI nahIM thaa| isI kAraNa unake sAmrAjyakA patana huA thaa| dharmapracAra usameM mukhya kAraNa nahIM thaa| pratyuta jisa rAnAne rAjanItimeM dharmako pradhAnatA dI usakA rAjya rAmarAjya hogayA aura itihAsameM usakA ullekha bar3e gauravase huaa| samrATa caMdragupta maurya, azoka, harSavaIna, kumArapAla, amoghavarSa, makaghara ityAdi aise hI Adarza samrATa the| san 236 I0 pU0ke lagabhaga azokakI mRtyu huI thii| .. yaha nizcaya rUpameM nahIM kahA jAsaktA ... azokake uttraadhikaarii| ki usakI jIvanalIlA kisa sthAnapara . samApta huI thii| usake bAda usakA beTA kuNAla I0 pR0 236 1-baiga. mA0 14 pR0 45... / 2-javibhoso0 bhA0 1. pR0 116 /

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294 } saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | se 228 taka rAjya karatA rahA | kuNAlakA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAI dazaratha huaa| dazarathane san 228-220 I0pU0 taka zAsanabhAra grahaNa kiyA | uparAMta azokakA potA samprati rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA / yaha janadharmAnuyAyI thA aura isane jainadharma pracAra dUra ra dezoMmeM kiyA thA / zvetAMvara zAstroMkA kathana hai ki sthUlabhadrasvAmI ke uttarAdhikArI zrI Arya mahAgiri the / inake guru bhAI zrI Arya suhastisUri the / sampratikI rAjadhAnI ujjayani thI / zrI Arya suhasti surine yahAM cAturmAsa kiyA thA / cAturmAsa ke pUrNa hone para zrI jinendradevakA rathayAtrA mahotsava horahA thA / saMprati rAjA bhI apane rAjaprAsAda meM baiThA huA utsava : dekha rahA thaa| bhAgyavazAt usakI najara zrI Arya suhastisUripara jA pdd'ii| saMpratine guruke caraNoM meM jAkara praNAma kiyA aura unase dharmopadeza sunakara vrata grahaNa kiyA / vratI zrAvaka hocukane para saMpratine dharma prabhAvanAkI ora bar3I dilacaspI se dhyAna diyA / pahile vaha digvijaya para nikalA aura usane aphagAnistAna, turka, IrAna Adi deza jiite| apanI digvijayase lauTanepara saMpratine jainadharma prabhAvaka aneka kArya kiye / kahate haiM ki usane savAlAkha navIna jaina maMdira banavAye, do hajAra dharmazAlAyeM nirmANa karAI, savA karor3a jinabimboM kI sthApanA karAI, gyAraha hajAra vApikA aura kuNDa khudavAye tathA chattIsa hajAra sthAnoMmeM jIrNoddhAra karAyA 1 - pari0 pR0 94 va jaisA0 bhA0 1 pR0 8-9 vIra vaMza0yahAM saMpratiko kauravakula moriyavaMzakA likhA hai / 2- gukhApari0 jaina 10 83 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 295 thI | mAlUma nahIM isa gaNanA meM kahAMtaka tathya hai ! kiMtu vartamAna jaina maMdiroMmeM bahuta hI kama aise milate haiM, jinako loga saMpratikA banavAyA huA mAnate hoN| rAjapUtAnA aura gujarAta meM ina maMdiroMkI saMkhyA adhika batAI jAtI hai; parantu abhItaka koI bhI aisA puSTa pramANa nahIM milA hai, jisase ina maMdiroMko saMprati dvArA nirmita svIkAra kiyA jA sake / vaha saba maMdira saMpratise bahuta pocheke bane huye pragaTa hote haiM | (rAi0 bhA0 1 40 94) jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki saMpratine dharma prabhAvanAcA khAsa udyoga kiyA thA aura unhoMne jaina upadezaka deza videzameM bheje the| vahAMke nivAsiyoMko jainadharma meM dIkSita karAyA thaa|' 'tIrthakalpa' se prakaTa hai ki unhoMne anArya dezoM meM bhI vihAra (maMdira) banavAye the / ( rAi0 bhA0 1 80 94 ) duHkha hai ki azokakI taraha saMpratike koI bhI lekha mAdi nahIM milate haiM, jisase unake dharmaprabhAvaka sukRtyoM kA patA cala sake / to bhI jainadharmake liye saMprati dUsare kAnsa TinTAyana the / unane sau varSakI Ayu taka jainadharma aura rAjyasecana karake 1 svargasukha kAma kiyA thA | J digambara jaina graMthoM meM rAjA saMpratikA koI ullekha dekhane ko saMprati aura usake nahIM milatA hai| saMpratike parapitAmaha samayakA jaina saMgha / samrAT caMdraguptakA ullekha donoM hI saMpra 1 - jaisA saM0 bhA0 1 vIravaMza pR0 8 / 2- pari0 pR0 94, jaisAsaM* bhA0 1 vIravaMza pR0 9 va pATalIputra kalpanya; yathA: - "kuNAlastukhimaMDabharatAdhipaH paramAIto, anAryadezeSvapi pravartitaH zramaNa vihAraH samprati mahArAjo'bhavada "

Page #318
296 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | dAyoMke zAstroM meM hai; kiMtu saMpratikA ullekha kevala eka saMpradAya ke zAstroM meM honA, saMbhavataH saMghamedakA dyotaka hai / vi0 saM0 139meM digaMbara aura zvetAmbara bheda jainasaMghameM pragaTa huA thA; tabataka diga mbara jaina dRSTike anusAra arghaphAlaka nAmaka saMpradAyakA astitva jainasaMgha meM rahA thaa| mathurAkI mUrtiyoMse ima saMpradAyakA honA siddha hai / ataeva yaha ucita maMcatA hai ki zvetAMbaroMke ipa pUrvarUpa 'ardhaphAlaka' saMpradAya ke netA Arya suhastiri the aura saMpratiko bhI unhoMne isI saMpradAya meM bhukta kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki suhastisUri aura saMpratike nAma takakA patA digambara jaina zAstroM meM nahIM calatA / samrAT candraguptakA jitanA vizada varNana aura unakA Adara digaMbara jaina zAstroMmeM hai, utanA hI varNana aura mAdara zvetAMvarIya granthoMmeM saMpratikA hai / hiMduoMke vAyu purANAdikI taraha bauddhoMne bhI saMpratikA ullekha 'saMpadI' nAmase kiyA hai aura azokake aMtima jIvana meM usake dvArA hI rAjya prabaMdha hote likhA hai / kiMtu Upara jisa saMghabhedakA ullekha kiyA jAcukA hai, usake hote huye bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki mUla jaina mAnyatAoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM par3A thaa| zrI Arya suhastisUri ke gurubhAI zrI mArya mahAgirine jinakalpa ( digambara bheSa )kA AcaraNa kiyA thA / jainamUrtiyAM IsavIkI prathama zatAvdi taka aura saMbhavataH uparAMta bhI bilkula nagna ( digambara meSa ) meM banAI jAtIM thIM / digambara jainoMke matAnusAra bhadrabAhunI ke bAda vi 1 1-jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 265 | 2- bhadrabAhucaritra pR0 66 / 3-dhIra varSa 4 pR0 307 - 309 / 4- azoka, pR0 265 / 5 - pari0 pR0 92 "

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PANNA maury-saamraajy| zAkhAcArya, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya Adi dasa pUrvadhArI muni huye the| saMpratike samayameM saMbhavataH kSatriya athavA jayAcArya vidyamAna hoNge| zvetAmbaroMkA kathana hai ki mahAvIrajIse 228 varSa bAda jaina saMghameM gaMga nAmaka pAMcavAM nihanTa utpanna humA seTha sukumAla / ' thA; kiMtu vaha bhI niSphala gayA thaa| ujjanIke prasiddha seTha sukumAlako bhI vaha isIsamaya huye anumAna karate haiM, paraMtu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM, kyoMki isasamaya mokSamArga banda thA / - maMpratike bAda mauryavaMzameM pAMca rAjA aura huye the| parantu antima maurya rAjA aura unake viSayamai kucha bhI vizeSa vRtAnta maurya sAmrAjyakA anta / mAlUma nahIM hotaa| inameM sarva atima rAjA vRhadratha nAmaka the| san 184 I0 pU0meM yaha apane senApati puSpamitrake hAthase mArA gayA thaa| aura inake sAtha hI maurya vaMzakI samApti hogaI ! azokake bAda hI maurya sAmrAjyakA patana honA prArambha hogayA thA, yaha hama pahile likha cuke haiM / azokake uttarAdhikAriyoMmeM koI isa yogya nahIM thA jo samUce sAmrAjyakI vAgDora apane sudRr3ha hAthoMmeM grahaNa karatA / mAlUma hotA hai ki pUrvIya bhAgameM azokakA potA dazaratha rAjyAdhikArI rahA thA, aura pazcimakI ora saMprati suyogya rItise zAsana karatA rahA thaa| hindU purANoMse vidita hai ki isI samaya zuGga-vaMzane rAjavidroha kiyA thaa| maurya sAmrAjyake patanakA yaha bhI eka kAraNa thaa| kaTTara brAhmaNa avazya hI saMpratike jainadharma pracArake kAraNa unase asaMtuSTa the| inake atirikta aura bhI kAraNa the; ninake pariNAmarUpa maurya 1 iMai0 mA0 21 pR. 335 / 2-jaisAsaM0 bhA01 vIra vaMza* pR06|| - - - -

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298] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sAmrAjya chinnabhinna hogayA ! madhya bhArata, gaMgApradeza, AMbha aura kaliGgadeza punaH apanI svAdhInatA prApta karane kI ceSTA karane lage the / sImAMta pradezoMcA yathocita pravandha na hone ke kAraNa videzIya AkramaNakAriyoMko bhI apanA nabhISTa siddhakAnekA avasara milA thaa| mauryavaMzakI pradhAna zAkhAmA vadyapi uparokta prakAra aMta ho upatakAlane gayA thA, kintu isa zAkhAke vaMzaja jo anyatra maurya vaMzaja / prAMtoMmeM zAmanAdhikArI the, vaha sAmantoMkI taraha magadha aura usake AsapAsake pradezoMne I0 sAtavIM zatAbdi taka vidyamAna the| I0 7vIM zatAbdimeM eka purANavarmA nAmaka mauryavaMzI rAjAkA ullekha milatA hai | kinhIM anya lekhoMse mauryAcA rAjya IsAkI chaThI, sAtavIM aura AThavIM zatAbditA koNa aura pazcimI bhAratameM rahA pragaTa hai / I0 san 738 mA eka zilAlekha koTA (rAjapUtAnA )ke savA grAmameM dhavala nAmaka mauryavaMzI rAjAkA milA hai| isase IsAkI AThavIM zatAbdimeM rAjapUtAnemeM mauryavaMzake sAmaMta rAjAoMkA rAjya honA pragaTa hai / citaur3akA kilA maurya rAjA citrAMga (citrAMgada) kA banAyA huA hai| citrAMga tAlAba bhI inhIMkA banAyA huA vahAM maujUda hai| kahate haiM ki mevAr3ake guhila vaMzIya rAjA vApA (kAlabhoja)ne mAnamorIse cittaur3agar3ha liyA thaa| bhAjakala rAjapUtAnemeM koI bhI mauryavaMzI nahIM hai| hA, bambaIke khAnadezameM jina maurya rAnAoMkA rAjya thA, unake vaMzana bhavataka dakSiNameM pAye jAte haiM aura more kahalAte haiN|' 1-bhAi0 pR0 75 ||2-bhaapaaraa0, bhA0 2 pR0 136 // 3-kumArapAla pravandha, patra 302-roha pUra (5 / bhAi bhA1955

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areer maurya saamraajy| [299 mauryoke senApatine vRhadratha mauryakI hatyA karake magadharma apanA ... rAjya jamA liyaa| isakA vaMza 'zuGgamaMza ke nAmase zu bNsh| - prasiddha huaa| kahate haiM ki isa vaMzakA rAjya 112 varSa taka rhaa| puppamitraka samayameM yUnAnI rAnA mainenDarane bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA, parantu use pIche lauTa jAnA par3A thaa|' jana samrAT khAravelane puppamitra para AkramaNa kiyA thA, jisake kAraNa puppamitrako magadha chor3akara mayurA bhAga jAnA par3A thaa| jana dharmake prabhAvaka maurya rAnavaMzakA asamayameM hI anta karanevAle rAjadrohI vyaktiko eka jaina rAnA Anandase kaise rahane detA ? zuGgavaMzake vAda san 73 I0 pR0meM vasudeva kANvase ' kANvavaMza' kA janma huA thaa| kANvavaMzake antima rAnAko san 27 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga eka mAndhravaMzIya rAjAne mAra DAlA thaa| azokakI mRtyuke bAda hI mAMghra rAjya svAdhIna hogayA thA aura isa samaya usakA vistAra bahuta bar3hagayA thaa| kintu uttarI bhAratameM vaha adhika dina taka na Tika sake / yUnAnI aura sithiyana zAsakoM ne unheM. zrIva nikAla bAhara kara diyA thaa| iti zam / - - - 1-maai...6|2-bhhid pR. 201|3-maai. pR.06

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OMINAINGATAN ANLAMNOMMEND bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI racita graMtha-hai EMMOMMANN ANG AMING MANIA hai bhagavAna mahAvIra 2) bhagavAna mahAvIra va mahAtmA buddha 11) I saMkSipta jaina itihAsa prathama bhAga ) mahArAnI celanI hai bhagavAna pArzvanAtha hai satya mArga navaratna paMcaratna taiyAra horahA hai| vizAla jaina saMgha / ) jaina jAtikA hAsa, unnatike hai jainadharma siddhAnta ) hai bhagavAna mahAvIra va unakA upadeza / ) hai / jaina munikI nagnatA ) hai milanekA patA6 mainejara, digaMbarajaina pustakAlaya-sUrata / hai wwwmommmmmmmmmwawawnwwwmwammi ANASI mannrammmwnwinniro drpanard anwrmammmmmmmwownmmmmwww.wo

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