Chintan ke Vividh Aayam

Author(s): Devendramuni
Publisher: Tarak Guru Jain Granthalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003180/1

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SNSTATI cintana ke vividhaAyAma devendra muniHzAstrI For Private Personal use wwwjalne b o

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cintana ke vividha AyAma lekhaka parama zraddha ya, rAjasthAna kezarI, adhyAtma yogI upAdhyAya zrIpuSkara munijI mahArAja ke suziSya devendra muni zAstrI prakAzaka zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala-udayapura (rAja.)

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zrI tAraka guru jaina granthamAlA 208vAM ratna - pustaka cintana ke vividha AyAma lekhaka devendramuni zAstrI viSaya jaina dharma, darzana, itihAsa, saMskRti va sAhitya prakAzana varSa 31, akTUbara 1982 Azvina pUrNimA, vi0 saM0 2036 pRSTha saMkhyA 216 prakAzaka zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) mUlya pandraha rupayA mAtra sarvAdhikAra lekhakAdhIna mudraka zrIcanda surAnA ke lie mADarna priMTasa, AgarA

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SINAM samarpaNa upAdhyAya devo bhava tapa aura tyAga ke jo jAjvalyamAna nakSata hai| jJAna aura darzana ke jo pAvana saMgama haiM adhyAtma aura cintana ke jo gambhIra jJAtA hai, unhI parama zraddheya, rAjasthAnakezarI, adhyAtmayogI upAdhyAya zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja ke kara-kamaloM meM, sAra, savinaya / -devendramuni

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prakAzakIya prakAza zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya sAhitya ke kSetra meM nitya nUtana sAhitya pradAna karatA rahA hai / sAhitya kI hara vidhA meM usane zAnadAra prakAzana kiye haiM / cAhe zodhagrantha rahe hoM, cAhe dArzanika viSaya rahA ho, cAhe AcAra-zAstra rahA ho, cAhe cintana-paraka sAhitya ho, cAhe pravacana sAhitya ho, cAhe kathA sAhitya ho / sabhI meM usane apanI anUThI kIrti arjita kI hai| rAjasthAna meM hI nahIM, apitu akhila bhAratIya jaina sAhitya saMsthAnoM meM usakA eka pramukha sthAna hai| usake lokapriya prakAzana rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, marAThI aura aMgrejI meM anudita bhI hue haiN| jaina kathAe~ sirIjamAlA meM se aneka bhAgoM kA anuvAda 'zrI puSkara prasAdI kathAmAlA' ke rUpa meM do sau pustakeM abhI taka gujarAtI meM prakAzita ho cukI hai aura aMgra ejI meM bhI kathAoM kI pacAsa pustakeM prakAzita ho rahI haiN| 'bhagavAn mahAvIra-eka anuzIlana' jaisA virATukAya grantha bhI gujarAtI meM prakAzita ho cukA hai tathA 'jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa' grantha bhI ' A Source Book In Jain Philosophy' ke rUpa meM zIghra prakAzita ho rahA hai / hamAre kucha maulika prakAzanoM ko udayapura aura dillI vizvavidyAlaya ne M. A. ke sahAyaka granthoM ke rUpa meM mAnyatAe~ pradAna kI haiM / sAhitya ke kSetra meM Age bar3hane kA sampUrNa zreya parama zraddhaya, upAdhyAya, rAjasthAna kesarI, adhyAtmayogI, sadguruvarya zrI puSkaramuni jI ma0 zrI ko hai, jinakI asIma kRpA se hI hama isa kSetra meM apane mustaidI kadama Age bar3hA sake haiM / abhI kucha dina pUrva 'jaina AcAra: siddhAnta aura svarUpa' jaise vizAlakAya grantha ko hamane samarpita kiyA / suprasiddha dArzanika mUrdhanya manISI paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne ise 'jaina AcAra kA vizva- koSa' kahA hai aura anya vidvAnoM ne usakI mukta kaNTha se sarAhanA kI / 'cintana ke vividha AyAma' devendramuni jI kI abhinava kRti hai / nibandha yA prastA prastuta kRti meM devendramuni jI ne vibhinna viSayoM para jo vanAe~ likhI haiM unakA saMkalana Akalana isameM kiyA gayA hai / mArga' yaha nibandha pUnA 'Izvara : eka cintana' 'mokSa aura mokSavizvavidyAlaya meM vidvat saMgoSThI meM muni zrI ne par3hA thA / usI vidhA meM likhA huA utkRSTa nibandha hai / 'yoga aura

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lezyA' jaise gambhIra viSayoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta vibhinna viSayoM ke granthoM para mahanIya prastAvanAe~ likhii| usakA saMkalana bhI isameM hai / ataH 'cintana ke vividha AyAma' grantha kA nAma sArthaka lagatA hai| ye sAre nibandha eka sthAna para yA eka samaya meM nahIM likhe gaye haiN| isalie bhASA meM bhI viSaya ke anurUpa vividhatA honA svAbhAvika hai| zIghra evaM sundara mudraNa meM sneha saujanya mUrti zrIcandajI surAnA 'sarasa' jI kA hArdika sahayoga milA hai / ataH hama unakA hRdaya se AbhAra mAnate haiN| granthAlaya ke zAnadAra prakAzanoM se AkarSita hokara dAnI mahAnubhAva apanA udAratApUrNa sahayoga pradAna karate rahe haiM, unake sahakAra ko bhI hama vismRta nahIM ho sakate ! paramAdaraNIyA svargIyA pratibhAmUrti viduSI mahAsatI zrI prabhAvatI jI ma0 ko bhI isa avasara para bhulA nahIM sakate, jinhoMne jIvana bhara saMgha kI apUrva sevA kI / tathA apanI santAna devendramunijI 'zAstrI' evaM mahAsatI zrI puSpavatI jI santa va satI ratna ko jina-zAsana kI sevA meM samarpita kara sadguru va sadaguruNI jI ke gaurava meM cAra cA~da lagAye haiN| unakI smRti meM sat sAhitya sadA prakAza-stambha ke rUpa meM jana-jana ko Aloka pradAna karatA rhegaa| mantrI zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya (udayapura)

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apanI bAta : apanI kalama se san 1975 kA varSAvAsa pUnA meM thaa| vahA~ prasiddha vidvAn DA0 esa0 esa0 bAraliMge jI kAphI samparka meM aaye| eka bAra unhoMne mujhase snehapUrvaka kahA-'maiM jaina darzana para pUnA vizvavidyAlaya meM saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kara rahA huuN| usameM paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, paM0 kailAzacandra jI, paM0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, DA0 saMgamalAla pANDe, DA0 TI0 jI0 kalaghaTagI Adi bhArata ke vividha aMcaloM se vijJagaNa bhAga lene AyeMge / Apako bhI saMgoSThI meM bhAga lenA hai / tathA zodha-patra bhI par3hanA hai|' __maiMne bAliMge jI se pUchA "mujhe kisa viSaya para zodha-patra par3hanA hogA ? uttara meM unhoMne batAyA-Apa cAheM to 'mokSa aura mokSa mArga' para, cAheM to 'Izvara' para aura cAheM to 'lezyA' para zodha-patra pddh'eN| maiMne tInoM hI viSayoM para zodha-patra taiyAra kiye / saMgoSThI kA kAryakrama bar3A hI saphala rhaa| maiMne samayAbhAva se 'mokSa aura mokSa mArga' para zodha-patra pddh'aa| jise sabhI mUrdhanyamanISiyoM ne rucipUrvaka sunA aura pasanda kiyA / ye tInoM viSaya aise the, jisa para virATkAya grantha taiyAra ho sakate the, para saMgoSThI meM samaya kI maryAdA ko lakSya meM rakhakara maiMne bahuta hI saMkSepa meM pratyeka viSaya para cintana kiyaa| samaya-samaya para prakAzita hone vAle granthoM para prastAvanA ke rUpa meM kucha vicAra diye aura kucha svatantra nibandha bhI likhe| jina vicAroM kA mUlya zAzvata rahA hai, unakA saMkalana prastuta grantha meM kara diyA gayA hai| isameM kitane hI lekha aprakAzita haiM, to kitane hI lekha pUrva prakAzita bhI hue haiM / yaha saMkalana eka samaya meM aura eka sAtha baiThakara likhA nahIM gayA hai, isalie vividhatA honA svAbhAvika hai / vividhatA meM eka prakAra kA Ananda bhI hai; SaDrasa kA svAda hai| jaina darzana, dharma, sAhitya, aura saMskRti kA viSaya bahuta hI vyApaka aura gahana hai, ise samajhane ke lie gambhIra adhyayana apekSita hai, aura sAtha hI ekAgra cintana va nirvyAghAta samaya bhii| Aja ke pAThaka ke pAsa yaha saba kahA~ haiM ? usake sAtha bhI paristhitiyoM kI vivazatA hai, saMkSepa meM, sAra rUpa meM kucha jAnakara tRpti anubhava kara lenA hI use pasanda hai| pAThakoM kI isI ruci ko, sthiti ko dhyAna

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meM rakhakara yaha vividha rasa-maya saMkalana taiyAra kiyA hai| jo saMkSepa meM vividha jAnakArI de skegaa| sAhityika kSetra meM hI nahIM, apitu AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI maiMne jo kucha bhI vikAsa kiyA hai, vaha paramazraddhe ya, rAjasthAnakesarI, adhyAtmayogI, upA-dhyAya, zraddhaya sadguruvarya zrI puSkaramani jI ma0 kI asIma kRpA kA hI suphala hai| usa asIma kRpA ko sasIma zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / unakI kRpA sadA banI rahaiM, yahI hArdika maMgalakAmanA ! paM0 zobhAcandrajI bhArilla ke sneha ko bhI bhUla nahIM sakatA, jinhoMne 'Izvara : eka cintana' nibandha kA avalokana kara apane anamola sujhAva se mujhe sUcita kiyA / zrI ramezamuni, zrI rAjendra nuni, zrI dinezamuni, zrI narezamuni Adi kI sevA-bhAvanA lekhana meM satata sahayogI rahI haiM tathA paramAdaraNIyA jyeSTha bhaginI sAdhvI ratna mahAsatI zrI puSpavatI jI ma0 kA mArgadarzana bhI mere lie parama upayogI rahA hai| maiM pUjanIyA svargIyA mAtezvarI, pratibhAmUrti zrI prabhAvatI jI ma0 ko bhI vismRta nahIM ho sakatA, jinakI hita-zikSAoM ke kAraNa maiM vikAsa kara sakA huuN| tathA mere hAtha meM kucha darda hone ke kAraNa bolakara nibandha Adi likhavAtA rahA huuN| usa dRSTi se sneha saujanyamUrti esa0 zrI kaNThamUrti jo evaM sneha saujanyamUrti esa0 jayasiMha jI jaina 'ratneza' (gulAbapUrA) kA sahayoga bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA ! mudraNakalA kI dRSTi se grantha ko sarvAdhika sundara banAne meM sneha kI sAkSAt mUrti zrIcanda jI surAnA 'sarasa' ko bhI vismRta nahIM ho sakatA jinake kAraNa grantha zIghra pAThakoM ke pANipadmoM meM pahuMcA hai| jJAta aura ajJAta rUpa se jinakA bhI sahayoga milA, unakA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| jaina sthAnaka siMhapola jodhapura -devendra muni akTUbara, 1982

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anukrama prathama khaNDa dharma-darzana cintana 1. bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSamArga . 2. Izvara : eka cintana 3. jaina yoga : eka anuzIlana 4. lezyA : eka vizleSaNa 5. vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 6. samyagdarzana : eka tulanAtmaka cintana dvitIya khaNDa saMskRti-sAhitya cintana 1. sAMskRtika paramparA : tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke AgAmI bhava : eka anucintana 3. paTTAvalI paryavekSaNa 4. jaina zAsana prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ 5. jaina muniyoM kA sAhityika yogadAna 6. rAjasthAna ke prAkRta zvetAmbara sAhityakAra 7. bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA 8. santa kavi AcArya zrI jayamallajI mahArAja 6. sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka adhyAtma kavi-zrI nemIcandajI mahArAja 62 10. caturmukhI pratimA ke dhanI-upAdhyAya zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja 11. rASTra kA merudaNDa : yuvaka sarva pRSTha saMkhyA 216 /

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udAra sahayoga : sAdara dhanyavAda prastuta pustaka " cintana ke vividha AyAma" ke prakAzana meM grApa zrI ne udAratApUrvaka artha-anudAna kiyA hai, vaha Apa zrI kI sAhityika bhAvanA nathA parama gumbhakti kA jvalanta pratIka hai| udAra sahayoga hAdika mAdhuvAda ! nammAnIya zrImAna campAlAlajI, hIrAlAla jI TATiyAM po0 mahAmaMdira (jodhapura)

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prathama khaNDa : cintana ke vividha AyAma dharma darzana - cintana B 1 - bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSamArga 2 - Izvara : eka cintana 3 - jainayoga : eka anuzIlana 4 - lezyA : eka vizleSaNa 5 - vyavahArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana

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1 bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa-mArga darzanazAstra ke jagata meM tIna darzana mukhya mAne gaye haiM- yUnAnI darzana, pazcimI darzana aura bhAratIya drshn| yUnAnI darzana kA mahAna cintaka arisToTala (arastu) mAnA jAtA hai / usakA abhimata hai ki darzana kA janma Azcarya se huA hai / 1 isI bAta ko pleTo ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| pazcima ke pramukha dArzanika DekArTa, kANTa, gala prabhRti ne darzanazAstra kA udbhAvaka tatva saMzaya mAnA hai / " bhAratIya darzana kA janma jijJAsA se huA hai aura jijJAsA kA mUla duHkha meM rahA huA hai / janma, jarA, maraNa, Adhi-vyAdhi aura upAdhi se mukta hokara samAdhi prApta karane ke lie jijJAsAe~ jAgRta huiiN| anya darzanoM kI bhA~ti bhAratIya darzana kA dhyeya jJAna prApta karanA mAtra nahIM hai, apitu usakA lakSya duHkhoM ko dUra kara parama va carama sukha ko prApta karanA hai / bhAratIya darzana kA mUlya isalie ki vaha kevala tattva ke gambhIra rahasyoM kA jJAna hI nahIM bar3hAtA apitu parama zubha mokSa ko prApta karane meM bhI sahAyaka hai / bhAratIya darzana kevala vicAra praNAlI nahIM kintu jIvana praNAlI bhI | vaha jIvana aura jagata ke prati eka viziSTa dRSTikoNa pradAna karatA hai / hai mokSa bhAratIya darzana kA kendra bindu hai / zrI aravinda mokSa ko bhAratIya vicAradhArA kA eka mahAna zabda mAnate haiN| bhAratIya darzana kI yadi koI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai jo use pAzcAtya darzana se pRthaka karatI hai to vaha mokSa kA cintana hai / puruSArtha catuSTya meM mokSa ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai / dharma sAdhana hai to mokSa sAdhya hai / mokSa ko kendra bindu mAnakara hI bhAratIya darzana' phalate aura phUlate rahe haiM / 1 philAsaphI biginsa ina vaNDara / 2 darzana kA prayojana, pR0 26 - DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsa / 3 (ka) athAto dharmajijJAsA - vaizeSikadarzana 6 / (kha) duHkha trayAbhidhAtAj jijJAsA - sAMkhyakArikA 1, IzvarakRSNa / (ga) athAto dharmajijJAsA -- mImAMsA sUtra 1, jaiminI / (gha) athAto brahmajijJAsA -- brahmasUtra 1 / 1 / 4 dekhiye, bhagavatI Adi jaina Agama /

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2 cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 maiM yahA~ para mokSa aura mokSa-mArga para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana prastuta kara rahA huuN| ___ bhAratIya AtmavAdI paramparA ko vaidika, jaina, bauddha aura AjIvika ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| vartamAna meM AjIvika darzana kA koI bhI svatantra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH AjIvika dvArA pratipAdita mokSa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM cintana na kara zeSa tIna kI mokSa sambandhI vicAradhArA para cintana kreNge| ___ nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA, ye chaha darzana vaidika paramparA meM Ate haiN| pUrvamImAMsA mUlarUpa se karmamImAMsA hai, bhale hI vaha vartamAna meM upaniSad yA mokSa para cintana karatI ho, para prArambha meM usakA cintana mokSa sambandhI nahIM thaa| kintu avazeSa pA~ca darzanoM ne mokSa para cintana kiyA hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ina vaidika darzanoM meM AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaisA vicAra-bheda hai, vaisA mokSa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM bhI cintana-bheda hai / yahA~ taka ki eka-dUsare darzana kI kalpanA pRthak-pRthak hI nahIM apitu eka-dUsare se bilkula viparIta bhI hai / jina darzanoM ne upaniSad, brahmasUtra Adi ko apanA mUla AdhAra mAnA hai unakI kalpanA meM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM hai / koI paramparA jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA meM bheda mAnatI hai, koI sarvathA abheda mAnatI hai aura koI bhedAbheda mAnatI hai / koI paramparA AtmA ko vyApaka mAnatI hai to koI aNu mAnatI hai / koI paramparA AtmA ko aneka mAnatI hai to koI eka mAnatI hai, para yaha eka satya-tathya hai ki vaidika paramparA ke sabhI dArzanikoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM AtmA ko kUTasthanitya mAnA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana vaizeSika darzana ke praNetA kaNAda aura nyAyadarzana ke praNetA akSapAda ye donoM AtmA ke sambandha meM ekamata haiN| donoM ne AtmA ko kUTasthanitya mAnA hai| inakI dRSTi meM AtmA eka nahIM aneka haiM, jitane zarIra haiM utanI AtmAe~ haiM / yadi eka hI AtmA hotI to hama virATa vizva meM jo vibhinnatA dekhate haiM vaha nahIM ho sakatI thii| nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ne AtmA ko cetana kahA hai / unake abhimatAnusAra cetanA AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa nahIM apitu Agantuka (Akasmika) guNa hai| jaba 1 adhyAtma vicAraNA, pR0 74 / / (ka) muNDakopaniSada 1 / 1 / 6 (kha) vaizeSika sUtra 7 / 1 / 22 (ga) nyAyamaMjarI (vijayanagarama) pR0 468 (gha) prakaraNa paMjikA, pR0 158 / 3 (ka) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 5 / 6 / 1 (kha) chAndogya upaniSada 5 / 18 / 1 (ga) maMtrI upaniSada 6 / 38 /

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa mArga | 3 taka zarIra, indriya aura sattvAtmaka mana Adi kA sambandha rahatA hai taba taka unake dvArA utpanna jJAna AtmA meM hotA hai / aise jJAna ko dhAraNa karane kI zakti cetana meM hai, para ve aisA koI svAbhAvika guNa cetana meM nahIM mAnate haiM jo zarIra, indriya, mana Adi kA sambandha na hone para bhI jJAna guNa rUpa meM yA viSaya grahaNa rUpa meM AtmA meM rahatA ho / nyAya-vaizeSikadarzana kI prastuta kalpanA anya vaidika darzanoM ke sAtha mela nahIM khAtI hai / sAMkhyadarzana, yogadarzana evaM AcArya zaMkara, rAmAnuja, madhva, vallabha, prabhRti jitanI bhI veda aura upaniSad darzana kI dhArAe~ haiM ve isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karatIM / ' nyAya-vaizeSika kI dRSTi se mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA sabhI prakAra ke anubhavoM ko tyAgakara kevala sattA meM rahatA hai| vaha usa samaya na zuddha Ananda kA anubhava kara sakatA hai aura na zuddha caitanya kA hI / Ananda aura cetanA ye donoM hI AtmA ke Akasmika guNa haiM aura mokSa avasthA meM AtmA sabhI Akasmika guNoM kA parityAga kara detI hai, ataH nirguNa hone se Ananda aura caitanya bhI mokSa avasthA meM usake sAtha nahIM rahate / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne mokSa kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA - yaha duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti hai | # duHkhoM kA aisA nAza hai ki bhaviSya meM punaH unake hone kI sambhAvanA naSTa ho jAtI hai / 1 nyAyasUtra para bhASya karate hue vAtsyAyana likhate haiM ki jaba tattvajJAna ke dvArA mithyAjJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai taba usake pariNAmasvarUpa sabhI doSa bhI dUra ho te haiM / doSa naSTa hone se karma karane kI pravRtti bhI samApta ho jAtI hai / karmapravRtti samApta ho jAne se janma-maraNa ke cakra ruka jAte haiM aura duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti ho jAtI hai / " nyAyavArtikakAra ne use sabhI duHkhoM kA Atyantika abhAva kahA hai / " mokSa meM buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa, puNya, pApa tathA pUrva anubhavoM ke saMskAra ina nau guNoM kA Atyantika uccheda ho jAtA hai / " unakI dRSTi se mokSa isalie parama puruSArtha hai ki usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA duHkha aura duHkha ke kAraNa kA astitva nahIM hai / ve mokSa kI sAdhanA isalie nahIM karate ki usake prApta hone para 1 koI caitanya ke sukha jaisA sahaja aura zAzvata guNoM kA anubhava hogA / 1 adhyAtma vicAraNA pRSTha 75 / 2 (ka) AtyantikI duHkhanivRttiH - (mokSaH) / (kha) (mokSaH) carama duHkhadhvaMsaH - tarkadIpikA | 3 nyAya sUtra 1 / 1 / 2 para bhASya / 4 tadbhAve saMyogAbhAvo'prAdurbhAvazca mokSaH / - vaizeSika sUtra 5 / 2118 5 (mokSaH) Atyantiko duHkhAbhAvaH / - nyAya vArttika * (ka) nyAyamaMjarI, pRSTha 508 / (kha) sabhASya nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 22 /

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4 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 syAdvAda maMjarI meM malliSaNa ne likhA hai-nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke mokSa kI apekSA to sAMsArika jIvana adhika zreyaskara hai, cUMki sAMsArika jIvana meM to kabhIkabhI sukha milatA bhI hai, para nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke mokSa meM to sukha kA pUrNa abhAva hai|| karmayogI zrIkRSNa kA eka bhakta to nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke mokSa kI apekSA vRndAvana meM siyAra banakara rahanA adhika pasanda karatA hai| zrI harSa bhI upahAsa karate hue unake mokSa ko pASANa ke samAna acetana aura Anandarahita batAte haiM / ___ nyAya-vaizeSika vyAvahArika anubhava ke AdhAra para samAdhAna karate haiM ki saccA sAdhaka puruSArthI, mAtra aniSTa ke parihAra ke lie hI prayatna karatA hai / aisA aniSTa parihAra karanA hI usakA sukha hai / mokSa sthiti meM bhAvAtmaka caitanya yA Ananda mAnane ke lie koI AdhAra nahIM hai / unake mantavyAnusAra mokSa nitya yA anitya, jJAna, sukha rahita kevala dravya rUpa se Atmatattva kI avasthiti hai| sAMkhya aura yogadarzana sAMkhya aura yoga ye donoM pRthak-pRthak darzana haiM, para donoM meM aneka bAtoM meM samAnatA hone se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka hI dArzanika siddhAnta ke ye do pahalU haiM / eka saiddhAntika, to dUsarA vyAvahArika hai / sAMkhya tattva mImAMsA kI samasyAoM para cintana karatA hai to yoga kaivalya ko prApta karane ke lie vibhinna sAdhanoM para bala detA hai| . sAMkhya puruSa aura prakRti ke dvaita kA pratipAdana karatA hai| puruSa aura prakRti ye donoM eka-dUsare se pUrNa rUpa se bhinna haiM / prakRti satva, raja aura tama ina tInoM kI sAmyAvasthA kA nAma hai| prakRti jaba puruSa ke sAnnidhya meM AtI hai to usa sAmyAvasthA meM vikAra utpanna hote haiM jise guNa-kSobha kahA jAtA hai| saMsAra ke sabhI jar3a padArtha prakRti se utpanna hote haiM para prakRti svayaM kisI se utpanna nahIM hotii| ThIka isake viparIta puruSa na kisI padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai aura na svayaM vaha kisI anya padArtha se utpanna hai / puruSa apariNAmI, akhaNDa, cetanA yA caitanya mAtra hai / bandha aura mokSa ye donoM vastuta: prakRti kI avasthA haiM / ina avasthAoM kA puruSa meM Aropa yA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / jaisa anantAkAza meM ur3Ana bharate hue pakSI kA pratibimba nirmala jala meM giratA hai, jala meM jo dikhAyI detA hai, vaha kevala pratibimba hai, vaise hI prakRti ke baMdha aura mokSa puruSa meM pratibimbita hote haiM / 1 syAdvAda maMjarI, pRSTha 63 / 5 'varaM vRndAvane ramye kroSTutvamabhivAJchitaM syAdvAda maMjarI meM uddhata pRSTha 63 / s bhAratIya darzana meM mokSa cintana : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN0 azoka kumAra lADa mAMkhyakArikA 62 /

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mAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa-mArga | 5 sAMkhya aura yoga puruSa ko eka nahIM aneka mAnatA hai, yaha jo anekatA hai vaha saMkhyAtmaka hai, guNAtmaka nahIM hai / ekAtmavAda ke viruddha usane yaha Apatti uThAyI hai ki yadi puruSa eka hI hai to eka puruSa ke maraNa ke sAtha sabhI kA maraNa honA caahie| isI prakAra eka ke bandha aura mokSa ke sAtha sabhI kA bandha aura mokSa honA cAhie / isalie puruSa eka nahIM, aneka hai| nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke samAna ve cetanA ko AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM mAnate / cetanA puruSa kA sAra hai| puruSa parama jJAtA hai / svarUpa kI dRSTi se puruSa, vaiSNava-vedAntiyoM kI AtmA, jainiyoM ke jIva aura lAIvanitsa ke cid aNu ke sadRza hai / sAMkhya dRSTi se bandhana kA kAraNa avidyA yA ajJAna hai / AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko na jAnanA hI ajJAna hai / puruSa apane svarUpa ko vismRta hokara svayaM ko prakRti yA usakI vikRti samajhane lagatA hai, yahI sabase bar3A ajJAna hai / jaba puruSa aura prakRti ke bIca viveka jAta hotA hai-"maiM puruSa hU~, prakRti nahIM," taba usakA ajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai aura vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| kapila mokSa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vizeSa carcA nahIM krte| ve tathAgata buddha ke samAna sAMsArika duHkhoM kI utpatti aura usake nivAraNa kA upAya batalAte haiM kintu kapila ke pazcAt unake ziSyoM ne mokSa meM svarUpa ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai / bandhana kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai-puruSa svayaM ke svarUpa ko vismRta ho gyaa| prakRti yA usake vikAroM ke sAtha usane tAdAtmya sthApita kara liyA hai, yahI bandhana hai / jaba samyagjJAna se usakA vaha doSapUrNa tAdAtmya kA bhrama naSTa ho jAtA hai taba puruSa prakRti ke paMje se mukta hokara apane svarUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai, yahI mokSa hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM mokSa kI sthiti ko kaivalya bhI kahA hai / sAMkhya dRSTi se puruSa nitya mukta hai / viveka jJAna ke udaya hone se pahale bhI vaha mukta thA, viveka jJAna kA udaya hone para use yaha anubhava hotA hai ki vaha to kabhI bhI bandhana meM nahIM par3A thA, vaha to hamezA mukta ho thA, para use prastuta tathya kA parijJAna na hone se vaha apane svarUpa ko bhUla kara svayaM ko prakRti yA usakA vihAra samajha rahA thaa| kaivalya aura kucha bhI nahIM usake vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna hai| ___ sAMkhya-yogasammata mukti-svarUpa meM evaM nyAya-vaizeSikasammata mukti-svarUpa meM yaha antara hai ki nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra mukti dazA meM AtmA apanA dravyarUpa hone para bhI vaha cetanAmaya nahIM hai / mukti dazA meM caitanya ke sphuraNA yA abhivyakti jaise vyavahAra ko avakAza nahIM hai / mukti meM buddhi, sukha Adi kA Atyantika uccheda hokara AtmA kevala kUTastha nitya dravyarUpa se astitva dhAraNa karatA hai / sAMkhya-yoga kI dRSTi se AtmA sarvathA nirguNa hai, svataH prakAzamAna cetanA rUpa hai aura sahaja bhAva se astitva dhAraNa karane vAlA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra mukti dazA meM caitanya aura jJAna kA

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6 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 abhAva hai to sAMkhya-yoga kI dRSTi meM usakA sadbhAva hai| yaha donoM meM bahuta bar3A antara hai kintu jaba hama donoM pakSoM kI pAribhASika prakriyA kI ora dhyAna kendrita karate haiM to tAttvika dRSTi se donoM pakSoM kI mAnyatA meM vizeSa koI mahattva kA antara nahIM hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne zarIra, indriya Adi sambandhoM kI dRSTi se buddhi, sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa Adi guNoM kA mokSa meM Atyantika uccheda mAnA hai aura saMsAra dazA meM ve una guNoM kA astitva AtmA meM svIkArate haiN| sAMkhya aura yoga darzana sukha-duHkha, jJAna-ajJAna, icchA-dveSa Adi bhAva puruSa meM na mAnakara antaHkaraNa ke pariNAma rUpa mAnate haiM aura usakI chAyA puruSa meM giratI hai, vahI Aropita saMsAra hai| etadartha ve mukti kI avasthA meM jaba sAttvika buddhi kA usake bhAvoM ke sAtha prakRti kA Atyantika vilaya hotA hai taba puruSa ke vyavahAra meM sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa prabhRti bhAvoM kI ora kartRtva kI chAyA kA bhI Atyantika abhAva ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya-yoga Atma-dravya ke guNoM kA upAdAna kAraNatva svIkAra kara usa para cintana karatA hai| vaha dravya aura guNa ke bheda ko vAstavika mAnatA hai| jabaki nyAya-vaizeSika puruSoM meM aisA kucha bhI na mAnakara prakRti ke prapaMca dvArA hI ye sabhI vicAra-vyavahAra hote haiM-aise bheda ko vaha Aropita ginatA hai| ___ caubIsa tattvavAdI prAcIna sAMkhya paramparA kI bandha mokSa prakriyA paccIsa tatvavAdI sAMkhya paramparA se pRthaka hai| vaha mokSa avasthA meM buddhi sattva aura usameM samutpanna hone vAle sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa, jJAna-ajJAna prabhRti bhAvoM kA mUla kAraNa pradhAna meM Atyantika vilaya mAnakara mukti svarUpa kA varNana karatA hai kintu vaha yoM nahIM kahatA ki mukta AtmA yAni cetanA, cUMki prastuta vAda meM prakRti se bhinna hai, ataH aisI cetanA ko avakAza nahIM hai / caubIsa tattvavAdI sAMkhya aura nyAya-vaizeSika kI vicAradhArA meM bahuta adhika samAnatA hai / prathama pakSa kI dRSTi se mokSa avasthA meM prakRti ke kArya prapaMca kA atyanta vilaya hotA hai aura dvitIya pakSa mukti-dazA meM AtmA ke guNa prapaMca kA atyanta abhAva svIkAra karatA hai| prathama ne jise kAryaprapaMca kahA hai use hI dUsare ne guNaprapaMca kahA / donoM ke AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM yatkiMcit antara hai, vaha kevala pariNAmInityatva aura kUTasthanityatva ke ekAntika paribhASA bheda ke kAraNa se hai| jJAna, sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa prabhRti guNoM kA utpAda aura vinAza vastutaH AtmA meM hotA hai / yaha mAnane para bhI nyAya-vaizeSika darzana AtmA ko kucha avasthAntara ke atirikta artha meM kUTasthanitya vaNita karatA hai / yaha kucha vicitra-sA lagatA hai para usakA rahasya usake bhedavAda meM sannihita hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne guNa-guNI meM atyanta bheda mAnA hai / jaba guNa utpanna hote haiM yA naSTa hote haiM taba usake utpAda aura vinAza kA sparza usake AdhArabhUta guNI dravya ko nahIM hotA / jo yaha avasthAbheda hai vaha guNI kA nahIM, apitu guNoM kA hai / isI prakAra ve AtmA ko karttA, bhoktA, baddha yA mukta vAstavika rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM /

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa-mArga 7 isake atirikta avasthA-bheda kI Apatti yukti-prayukti se pRthaka kara kUTasthanityatva kI mAnyatA se cipake rahate haiM / sAMkhya-yoga darzana nyAya-vaizeSika ke samAna guNa-guNI kA bheda nahIM mAnatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika ke samAna guNoM kA utpAda-vinAza mAnakara puruSa ke kUTasthanityatva kA rakSaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH usane nirguNa puruSa mAnane kI pRthaka rAha apnaayii| ___ unhoMne kartRtva, bhoktRtva, baMdha, mokSa Adi avasthAe~ puruSa meM upacarita mAnI haiM aura kUTasthanityatva pUrNa rUpa se ghaTita kiyA hai / ___ kevalAdvaitI zaMkara yA aNujIvavAdI rAmAnuja tathA vallabha ye sabhI mukti dazA meM caitanya aura Ananda kA pUrNa prakAza yA AvirbhAva apanI-apanI dRSTi se svIkAra kara kUTasthanityatA ghaTita karate haiN| eka dRSTi se dekheM to aupaniSad darzana kI kalpanA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke sAtha utanI mela nahIM khAtI jitanI sAMkhyayoga ke sAtha mela khAtI hai| sabhI aupaniSad darzana mukti avasthA meM sAMkhya-yoga ke samAna zuddha cetanA rUpa meM brahma tattva yA jIva tattva kA avasthAna svIkAra karate haiN| bauddhadarzana anya darzanoM meM jise mokSa kahA hai use bauddha darzana ne nirvANa kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| buddha ke abhimatAnusAra jIvana kA carama lakSya duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti hai, athavA nirvANa hai| kyoMki samasta dRzya sattA anitya hai, kSaNabhaMgura hai, evaM anAtma hai, eka mAtra nirvANa hI sAdhya hai| nirvANa bauddha darzana kA mahattvapUrNa zabda hai| pro0 mUrti ne bauddha darzana ke itihAsa ko nirvANa kA itihAsa kahA hai| pro0 yadunAtha sinhA nirvANa ko bauddha zIlAcAra kA mUlAdhAra mAnate haiN|' __abhidhamma mahAvibhASA zAstra meM nirvANa zabda kI aneka vyutpattiyAM batAyI haiN| jaise 'vANa' kA artha 'punarjanma kA rAstA' aura 'nir' kA artha chor3anA hai, ataH 'nirvANa' kA artha huA sthAyI rUpa se punarjanma ke sabhI rAstoM ko chor3a denaa| 'vANa' kA dUsarA artha durgandha aura nir kA artha 'nahIM' hai, ataH nirvANa eka aisI sthiti hai jo duHkha dene vAle karmoM kI durgandha se pUrNatayA mukta hai / vANa kA tIsarA artha ghanA jaMgala hai aura nir kA artha sthAyI rUpa se chuTakArA paanaa| 1 gItA 13 / 31-32 / / 2 adhyAtma vicAraNA ke AdhAra se pR0 84 / * bhAratIya darzana-DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya / * hisTrI oNpha philAsaphI-IsTarna eNDa vesTarna, vA0 pR0 212 / 5 hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philAsaphI, pR0 328 /

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8 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 'vANa' kA caturtha artha bunanA hai aura nir kA artha nahIM hai ataH nirvANa aisI sthiti hai jo sabhI prakAra ke duHkha dene vAle karmoM rUpI dhAgoM se jo janma-maraNa kA dhAgA bunate haiM unase pUrNa mukti hai / ' pAlI TeksTa sosAiTI dvArA prakAzita pAlI-aMgrejI zabda koSa meM 'nivvAna' zabda kA artha bujha jAnA kiyA hai / amara koSa meM bhI yahI artha prApta hotA hai / rIja' DeviDsa thAmasa, AnandakumArasvAmI, pI0 lakSmI narasu, dAhalamena, DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan, pro0 je0 ena0 sinhA, DaoN0 sI0 DI0 zarmA prabhRti aneka vijJoM kA yaha pUrNa nizcita mata hai ki nirvANa vyaktitva kA uccheda nahIM hai apitu yaha naitika pUrNatva kI aisI sthiti hai jo Ananda se paripUrNa hai / DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan likhate haiM- nirvANa na to zUnya rUpa hai aura na hI aisA jIvana hai jisakA vicAra mana meM A sake, kintu yaha ananta yathArtha sattA ke sAtha aikyabhAva sthApita kara lene kA nAma hai, jise buddha pratyakSarUpa se svIkAra nahIM karate haiM 12 buddha kI dRSTi se 'nivvAna' uccheda yA pUrNa kSaya hai parantu yaha pUrNa kSaya AtmA kA nahIM hai / yaha kSaya lAlasA, tRSNA, jijIviSA evaM unakI tInoM jar3eM rAga, jIvana dhAraNa karane kI icchA aura ajJAna kA hai / 3 pro0 meksamalUra likhate haiM ki yadi hama dhammapada ke pratyeka zloka ko dekheM jahA~ para nirvANa kA zabda AtA hai to hama pAyeMge ki eka bhI sthAna aisA nahIM jahA~ para usakA artha uccheda hotA hai / sabhI sthAna nahIM to bahuta adhika sthAna aise haiM jahA~ para hama nirvANa zabda kA uccheda artha grahaNa karate haiM to ve pUrNataH aspaSTa ho jAte haiM 14 rAjA milinda kI jijJAsA para nAgasena ne vividha upamAe~ dekara nirvANa kI samRddhi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / jisase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki buddha kA nirvANa nyAyavaizeSikoM ke mokSa ke samAna kevala eka niSedhAtmaka sthiti nahIM hai / tathAgata buddha ne aneka avasaroM para nirvANa ko avyAkRta kahA hai| vicAra aura vANI dvArA usakA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / prasenajit ke praznoM kA uttara 1 sisTamsa oNpha buddhisTika thaoNTa, pR0 31 / 2 bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pR0 411 - 14 | 3 (ka) dhammapada 154 | (kha) dekheM - saMyukta nikAya ke oghataraNa sutta, nimokkha sutta, saMyojana sutta tathA bandhana | ena. . ke. bhagata : paTanA yUnivarsiTI rIDarazipa lekcarsa, 1624-25, pR0 165 / 4

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa mArga | & 1 detI huI khemA bhikSuNI ne kahA - "jaise gaMgA nadI ke kinAre par3e hue reta ke kaNoM ko ginanA kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai, yA sAgara ke pAnI ko nApanA sambhava nahIM hai, usI prakAra nirvANa kI agAdhatA ko nApA nahIM jA sakatA / " buddha ke pazcAt unake anuyAyI do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaye, jinheM hInayAna aura mahAyAna kahA jAtA hai / anya siddhAntoM ke sAtha unake ziSyoM meM isa sambandha meM matabheda huA ki hamArA lakSya hamArA hI nirvANa hai yA sabhI jIvoM kA nirvANa hai ? buddha ke kucha ziSyoM ne kahA- hamArA lakSya kevala hamArA hI nirvANa hai / dUsare ziSyoM ne unakA prativAda karate hue kahA- hamArA lakSya jIvana mAtra kA nirvANa hai| prathama ko dvitIya ne svArthI kahA aura unakA tiraskAra karane ke lie unako hInayAna kahA, aura apane Apako mahAyAnI kahA / svayaM hInayAnI isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karate, ve apane Apako theravAdI ( sthaviravAdI ) kahate haiM / saMkSepa meM sAra yaha hai ki buddha ne svayaM nirvANa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM apanA spaSTa mantavya prastuta nahIM kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa katipaya vidvAnoM ne nirvANa ko zUnyatA ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai to katipaya vidvAnoM ne nirvANa ko pratyakSa AnandadAyaka batAyA hai / 2 jaina darzana vaidika darzana aura bauddha darzana meM jisa prakAra mokSa aura nirvANa ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata haiM; vaise jaina darzana meM kisI bhI sampradAya meM matabheda nahIM hai / merI dRSTi se isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki vedoM ke mokSa meM sambandha meM koI carcA nahIM kI gayI aura vaidika AcAryoM ne use AdhAra banAkara aura apanI kamanIya kalpanA kI tUlikA se usake svarUpa kA citraNa kiyA hai / bauddha sAhitya kA paryavekSaNa karane se yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki tathAgata buddha ne apane Apako sarvajJa nahIM kahA hai| unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko yaha Adeza diyA ki tuma mere kathana ko bhI parIkSaNa prastara para kasakara dekho ki vastutaH vaha satya - tathyayukta hai yA nahIM, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane Apako sarvajJa batAyA aura sarvajJa ke vacanoM para pUrNa vizvAsa rakhane kI prabala preraNA pradAna kii| jisake kAraNa jainadharma meM zraddhA kI pramukhatA rahI / sarvajJa ke vacana ke viparIta tarka karanA bilkula hI anucita mAnA gayA, jisase tattvoM ke sambandha meM yA mokSa ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM ho sakA / jainadarzana pariNAmI nityatA ke siddhAnta ko mAnya karatA hai kintu prastuta siddhAnta sAMkhya-yoga ke samAna kevala jar3a arthAt acetana taka hI sImita nahIM hai / saMyukta nikAya khemA sutta 1 2 bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pR0 416-17, ( DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana ) / 1

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10 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 usakA yaha vajra ghoSa hai ki cAhe jar3a ho yA cetana sabhI pariNAmI nitya hai / yahA~ taka ki yaha pariNAmI nityatA dravya ke atirikta usake sAtha hone vAlI zaktiyoM ( guNa-paryAyoM) ko bhI vyApta karatI hai / jaina-darzana Atma- dravya ko nyAya-vaizeSika ke samAna vyApaka nahIM mAnatA aura rAmAnuja ke samAna AtmA ko aNu bhI nahIM mAnatA, kintu vaha Atma-dravya ko madhyama pariNAmI mAnatA hai / usameM saMkoca aura vistAra donoM guNa rahe hue haiM, jo jIva eka virATakAya hAthI ke zarIra meM rahatA hai vahI jIva eka nanhIM sI cIMTI meM bhI rahatA hai / dravya rUpa se jIva zAzvata hai kintu pariNAma kI dRSTi se usakI avasthAoM meM parivartana hotA hai | pariNAmI siddhAnta ko mAnane ke kAraNa jaina darzana ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnA hai ki jisa zarIra se jIva mukta hotA hai, usa zarIra kA jitanA AkAra hotA hai usase tRtIya bhAga nyUna vistAra sabhI mukta jIva kA hotA hai / 1 smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AtmA meM jo saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai vaha karmajanya zarIra ke kAraNa se hai / muktAtmAoM meM zarIrAbhAva hone se unameM saMkoca aura vistAra nahIM ho sakatA / muktAtmAoM meM jo AkRti kI kalpanA kI gayI hai vaha antima zarIra ke AdhAra se kI gayI hai| mukta jIva meM rUpAdi kA abhAva hai tathApi AkAza pradezoM meM jo Atma pradeza Thahare hue haiM usa apekSA se AkAra kahA hai / jaina darzana kI prastuta mAnyatA sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana kI mAnyatA se pRthaka hai / yaha jaina-darzana kI apanI maulika dena hai / isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki kitane hI darzana AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiM to kitane hI darzana AtmA ko aNu mAnate haiM / isa kAraNa mokSa meM AtmA kA pariNAma kyA hai use ve spaSTa nahIM kara sake haiM, kintu jainadarzana kI madhyama pariNAma kI mAnyatA hone se mukti dazA meM AtmA ke pariNAma ke sambandha 'eka nizcita mAnyatA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra mukta Atma-dravya meM sahabhU-cetanA, Ananda Adi zaktiyA~ anAvRta hokara pUrNa vizuddha rUpa se jJAna, sukha Adi rUpa meM pratipala pratikSaNa pariNamana karatI rahatI hai, vaha mAtra kUTasthanitya nahIM apitu zakti rUpa se nitya hone para prati samaya hone vAle nitya nUtana sadRza pariNAma pravAha ke kAraNa pariNAmI hai / yaha jainadarzana kA mokSakAlIna AtmasvarUpa anya darzanoM se alaga-thalaga hai / usameM anya darzanoM ke sAtha samAnatA bhI hai / dravya rUpa se sthira rahane ke sambandha meM nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM ke sAtha isakA mela baiThatA hai aura sAMkhya-yoga evaM advaita darzanoM ke sAtha sahabhU-guNa kI abhivyakti yA prakAza sambandha meM samAnatA hai / yadyapi yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAdI bauddha zAkhA ke granthoM se yaha bahuta spaSTa rUpa se phalita nahIM hotA, tathApi yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vaha mUla meM kSaNikavAdI hone se muktikAla meM Alaya vijJAna ko vizuddha mAnakara 1 uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 65 /

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa-mArga | 11 usakA nirantara kSaNa pravAha mAne tabhI bauddha darzana kI mokSakAlIna mAnyatA saMgata baiTha sakatI hai| yadi ve isa prakAra mAnate haiM to janadarzana kI mAnyatA ke atyadhika sannikaTa hai| mukta brahmabhUta yA nirvANa-prApta AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM cintana ke pazcAt yaha prazna hai ki videha mukti prApta karane ke pazcAt AtmA kauna-se sthAna para rahatA hai kyoMki cetana yA acetana jo dravya rUpa hai usakA sthAna avazya honA caahie| dArzanikoM ne prastuta prazna kA uttara mAnyatA bheda hone se vividha dRSTiyoM se diyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura yoga jisa prakAra AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiM usI prakAra aneka AtmA mAnate haiM, ve Atma-vibhutvavAdI bhI haiM aura Atma bahutva. vAdI bhI haiM / unakI dRSTi se mukta avasthA kA kSetra sAMsArika kSetra se pRthaka nahIM hai| mukta aura saMsArI AtmA meM antara kevala itanA hI hai ki jo sUkSma zarIra anAdi anantakAla se AtmA ke sAtha lagA thA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa nitya-nUtana sthUla zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA thA, usakA sadA ke lie sambandha naSTa ho jAne se sthUla zarIra dhAraNa karane kI paramparA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai / jIvAtmA yA puruSa paraspara sarvathA bhinna hokara mukti dazA meM bhI apane-apane bhinna svarUpa meM sarvavyApI hai|| __ kevalAdvaitavAdI brahmavAdI bhI brahma yA AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiM kintu nyAyavaizeSika, sAMkhya aura yoga ke samAna jIvAtmA kA vAstavika bahutva nahIM mAnate / unakA mantavya hai ki mukta hone kA artha hai sUkSma zarIra yA antaHkaraNa kA sarvathA naSTa honA, usake naSTa hote hI upAdhi ke kAraNa jIva kI brahmasvarUpa se jo pRthakatA pratibhAsita hotI thI, vaha nahIM hotii| tattva rUpa se jIva brahma svarUpa hI thA, upAdhi naSTa hote hI vaha kevala brahma svarUpa kA hI anubhava karatA hai / mukta aura saMsArI AtmA meM antara yahI hai ki eka meM upAdhi hai, dUsare meM nahIM hai / upAdhi ke abhAva meM paraspara bheda nahIM hai, vaha kevala brahmasvarUpa hI hai / aNujIvAtmavAdI vaiSNava paramparAoM kI kalAnAe~ pRthaka-pRthaka haiM / rAmAnuja viziSTAdvaitI haiN| ve vastuta: jIva-bahutva ko mAnate haiM kintu jIva kA parabrahma vAsudeva se sarvathA bheda nahIM hai / jaba jIvAtmA mukta hotA hai taba vAsudeva ke dhAma vaikuNTha yA brahmaloka meM jAtA hai, vaha vAsudeva ke sAnnidhya meM usake aMza rUpa se usake sadRza hokara rahatA hai| madhva jo aNujIvavAdI hai ve jIva ko parabrahma se sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiM / kintu mukta jIva kI sthiti viSNu ke sannidhAna meM arthAt loka vizeSa meM kalpita karate haiN| zuddhAdvaitI vallabha bhI aNujIvavAdI haiM kintu sAtha hI ve parabrahma pariNAmavAdI haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki kucha bhakta jIva aise haiM jo mukta hone para akSara

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12 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 brahma meM eka rUpa ho jAte haiM aura dUsare puSTi bhakti jIva aise haiM jo parabrahma svarUpa hone para bhI bhakti ke lie punaH avatIrNa hote haiM aura muktavat saMsAra meM vicaraNa karate haiN| bauddha dRSTi se ___bauddha darzana kI dRSTi se jIva yA pudgala koI bhI zAzvata dravya nahIM hai, ata: punarjanma ke samaya ve jIva kA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAnA nahIM mAnate haiM / unakA abhimata yaha hai ki eka sthAna para eka citta kA nirodha hotA hai aura dUsare sthAna para naye citta kI utpatti hotI hai| rAjA milinda ne AcArya nAgasena se prazna kiyA ki pUrvAdi dizAoM meM aisA kauna-sA sthAna vizeSa hai jisake sannikaTa nirvANa sthAna kI avasthiti hai ? AcArya ne kahA-nirvANa sthAna kahIM kisI dizA vizeSa meM avasthita nahIM hai, jahAM para jAkara vaha muktAtmA nivAsa karatI ho / pratiprazna kiyA gayA-jaise samadra meM ratna, phala meM gandha, kheta meM dhAnya Adi kA sthAna niyata hai vaise hI nirvANa kA sthAna bhI niyata honA cAhie / yadi nirvANa kA sthAna nahIM hai to phira yaha kyoM nahIM kahate ki nirvANa bhI nahIM hai / nAgasena ne kahA-rAjan ! nirvANa kA niyata sthAna na hone para bhI usakI sattA hai / nirvANa kahIM para bAhara nahIM hai / usakA sAkSAtkAra apane vizuddha mana se karanA par3atA hai / jaise do lakar3iyoM ke saMgharSa se agni paidA hotI hai| yadi koI yaha kahe ki pahale agni kahA~ thI to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA vaise hI vizuddha mana se nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, kintu usakA sthAna batAnA sambhava nhiiN| rAjA ne punaH prazna kiyA-hama yaha mAnaleM ki nirvANa kA niyata sthAna nahIM hai, tathApi aisA koI nizcita sthAna honA cAhie jahA~ para avasthita rahakara pudgala navoNa kA sAkSAtkAra kara ske| ___ AcArya ne uttara dete hue kahA-rAjan ! pudgala zIla meM pratiSThita hokara kisI bhI AkAza pradeza meM rahate hue nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai|' jaina darzana jaina darzana kI dRSTi se AtmA kA mUla svabhAva Urdhvagamana hai / jaba vaha karmoM se pUrNa mukta hotA hai taba vaha Urdhvagamana karatA hai aura Urdhvaloka ke agrabhAga para 1 milinda prazna 41862-64 / 2 (ka) uttarAdhyayana 1982 / (kha) prazamarati prakaraNa 295 kA bhASya / (ga) tattvArtharAjavAtika

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa-mArga | 13 avasthita hotA hai kyoMki Age dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hai ataH vaha Age jA nahIM sakate / vaha lokAgravartI sthAna siddhAzilA ke nAma se vizruta hai / jaina sAhitya meM siddha zilA kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai, vaisA nirUpaNa anya bhAratIya sAhitya meM nahIM hai / eka bAta smaraNa rakhanI cAhie ki jaina dRSTi se mAnava loka 45 lAkha yojana kA mAnA gayA hai to siddha kSetra bhI 45 lAkha yojana kA hai / mAnava cAhe jisa sthAna para rahakara sAdhanA ke dvArA karma naSTa kara mukta ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mokSa AtmA kA pUrNa vikAsa hai aura pUrNa rUpa se duHkhamukta hai| mokSa -mArga aba hameM mokSa mArga para cintana karanA hai / jisa prakAra cikitsA paddhati meM roga, roga- hetu, Arogya aura bhaiSajya - ina cAra bAtoM kA jJAna paramAvAzyaka hai / vaise AdhyAtmika sAdhanA paddhati meM (1) saMsAra, (2) saMsAra hetu, (3) mokSa, (4) mokSa kA upAya, ina cAra kA jJAna paramAvazyaka hai / vaidika paramparA kA vAGmaya atyadhika vizAla hai / usameM nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA, uttaramImAMsA, prabhRti aneka dArzanika mAnyatAe~ haiM / kintu upaniSad evaM gItA aise grantharatna haiM jinheM sampUrNa vaidika paramparAe~ mAnya karatI haiM / unhIM granthoM ke cintana-sUtra ke AdhAra para AcArya pataMjali ne sAdhanA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai | usameM heya, heyahetu', hAna, aura hAnopAya, ina bAtoM para vivecana kiyA hai / nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne bhI ina cAra bAtoM para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA hai / " tathAgata buddha ne ina cAra satyoM ko Arya satya kahA hai : (1) duHkha (heya ) (2) duHkha samudaya (heya hetu ) ( 3 ) duHkha nirodha (hAna) (4) duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipad (hAnopAya ) 18 1 carakasaMhitA sthAna a0 zlo0 128-30 / 2 yogadarzana bhASya 21-15 / 3 yoga darzana sAdhanA pAda 16 / 4 vahI0 17 / 6 vahI 0 25 / 0 28 / 6 vahI 0 7 nyAya bhASya 91919 | 8 majjhimanikAya - bhayabhekha sutta 4

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14 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 jaina darzana ne ina cAra satyoM ko (1) bandha (2) Asrava (3) mokSa (4) saMvara ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| bandha-zuddha caitanya ke ajJAna se rAga-dveSa prabhRti doSoM kA pariNAma hai, ise hama heya athavA duHkha bhI kaha sakate haiM / Asrava kA artha hai jina doSoM meM zuddha caitanya baMdhatA hai yA lipta hotA hai, ise hama heyahetu yA duHkha samudaya bhI kahate haiN| __ mokSa kA artha hai--sampUrNa karma kA viyoga / ise hama hAna yA duHkhanirodha kaha sakate haiN| saMvara- karma Ane ke dvAra kA rokanA yaha mokSa mArga hai / ise hama hAnopAya yA nirodha mArga bhI kaha sakate haiM / sAmAnya rUpa se cintana kareM to jJAta hogA ki sabhI bhAratIya AdhyAtmika paramparAoM ne cAra satyoM kA mAnA hai / saMkSepa meM cAra satya bhI do meM hI samAviSTa kiye jA sakate haiM : (1) vaMdha, jo duHkha yA saMsAra kA kAraNa hai, aura (2) usa baMdha ko naSTa karane kA upAya / pratyeka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM saMsAra kA mukhya kAraNa avidyA mAnA hai / avidyA se hI anya rAga-dveSa, kaSAya-kleza Adi samutpanna hote haiM / AcArya pataMjali ne avidyA, asmitA, rAga-dveSa aura abhiniveza ina pA~ca klezoM kA nirdeza kara avidyA meM sabhI doSoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / unhoMne avidyA ko sabhI klezoM kI prasava bhUmi kahA hai| inhIM pA~ca klezoM ko IzvarakRSNa ne sAMkhyakArikA meM pAMca viparyaya ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai / maharSi kaNAda ne avidyA ko mUla doSa ke rUpa meM batAkara usake kArya ke rUpa meM anya doSoM kA sUcana kiyA hai| akSapAda avidyA ke sthAna para "moha" zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / moha ko unhoMne sabhI doSoM meM mukhya mAnA hai / yadi moha nahIM hai to anya doSoM kI utpatti nahIM hotii| ___ kaThopaniSad, zrImadbhagavadgItA aura brahmasUtra meM bhI avidyA ko mukhya doSa mAnA hai| 1 yAga darzana 2 / 3-4 // 4 sAMkhyakArikA 47-48 / 3 dekhiye-prazastapAda bhASya, saMsArApavarga / 4 (ka) nyAya sUtra 41 / 3, nyAya sUtra 4 / 1 / 6 / (kha) nyAya sUtra kA bhASya bhI dekheM / 5 kaThopaniSad 1 / 2 / 5 / 7 zrImadbhagavadgItA 5 // 15 //

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa mArga | 15 majjhimanikAya Adi granthoM meM tathAgata buddha ne saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa avidyA batAyA hai / avidyA hone se hI tRSNAdi doSa samutpanna hote haiM 11 jaina darzana ne saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa darzanamoha aura cAritramoha ko mAnA hai / anya dArzanikoM ne jise avidyA, viparyaya, moha yA ajJAna kahA hai use hI jaina darzana ne darzanamoha yA mithyAdarzana ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| anya darzanoM ne jise asmitA, rAga, dveSa yA tRSNA kahA hai-- use jaina darzana ne cAritramoha yA kaSAya kahA hai / isa prakAra vaidika, bauddha aura jaina paramparA saMsAra kA mUla avidyA yA moha kA samAveza usameM karatI haiM / saMsAra kA mUla avidyA hai to usase mukta hone kA upAya vidyA hai / etadartha kaNAda ne vidyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| pataMjali ne usa vidyA ko vivekakhyAti kahA hai | akSapAda ne vidyA aura viveka khyAti ke sthAna para tattvajJAna yA samyagjJAna pada kA prayoga kiyA hai / bauddha sAhitya meM usake lie mukhya rUpa se 'vipassanA' yA 'prajJA' zabda vyavahRta hue haiM / jaina darzana meM bhI samyagjJAna zabda kA prayoga huA hai / isa prakAra sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI paramparAe~ vidyA, tattvajJAna, samyagjJAna, Adi se avidyA yA moha kA nAza mAnatI haiM aura usase janma paramparA kA anta hotA hai / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se avidyA kA artha hai apane nija svarUpa ke jJAna kA abhAva / AtmA, cetana yA svarUpa kA ajJAna kI mUla avidyA hai / yahI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai / vaidika paramparA ne sAdhanA ke vividha rUpoM kA varNana kiyA hai kintu saMkSepa meM gItA meM jJAna, bhakti aura karma ina tInoM aMgoM para prakAza DAlA hai / tathAgata buddha ne (1) samyagdRSTi, (2) samyak saMkalpa, (3) samyak vAk, (4) samyak karmAnta, (5) samyak AjIva, (6) samyak vyAyAma, (7) samyak smRti, aura (8) samyak samAdhi ko Arya aSTAMgika mArga kahA hai aura mArgoM meM use zreSTha batAyA hai / buddhaghoSa ne saMkSepa meM use zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA kahA hai / " 14 jaina darzana ne sAdhanA ke mArga para gaharAI se anucintana karate hue samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko mokSa mArga kahA hai / kahIM para usameM tapa kA bhI 1 majjhimanikAya mahA tanhA saMkhaya sutta 38 / 2 vizuddhi magga 1|7 | 8 majjhimanikAya sammAdiTThi suttanta 6 / 4 maggAnaM agiko seTThI / 5 vizuddhi mArga / * tattvArtha sUtra 1 / 1 /

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16 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 samAveza kiyA gayA hai kintu jaina muniyoM ne tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM karake sAdhanA ke trividha mArga ko hI pramukhatA pradAna kI hai / yaha sahaja jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki trividha mArga kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA ? samAdhAna hai - mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pahalU haiM - jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa | cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM ke vikAsa ke lie trividha sAdhanA hai / bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA pradAna karane hetu samyagdarzana hai / jJAnAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA saMdarzana ke lie samyagjJAna kA vidhAna hai aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa ko sahI bodha pradAna hetu samyakcAritra kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai | jaina darzana kI taraha hI bauddha darzana meM bhI trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| unhoMne zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA' yaha trividha sAdhanA mArga mAnA hai / yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kareM to samyagdarzana kI tulanA samAdhi se kara sakate haiM kyoMki samAdhi aura samyagdarzana donoM meM saMkalpa - vikalpa nahIM hote / samyagjJAna kI tulanA prajJA se kI jA sakatI hai aura samyakcAritra kI tulanA zIla se / zrImad bhagavadgItA meM jJAna, karma aura bhakti kA nirUpaNa hai / bhakti meM zraddhA kI pramukhatA hotI hai isalie vaha samyagdarzana kA pratIka hai| bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga aura karmayoga ko hama kramazaH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra kaha sakate haiM / vaidika paramparA ke cintakoM ne parama sattA ke tIna pakSa mAne haiM - satya, ziva, sundara / ina tInoM pakSoM ke lie trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna hai / satya kI upalabdhi ke lie jJAna, ziva kI upalabdhi ke lie sevA yA karma aura sundara kI upalabdhi ke lie bhAva va zraddhA / gItA meM prakArAntara se praNipAta, pariprazna aura sevA ina sAdhanA mArgoM kA bhI ullekha hai / inameM praNipAta zraddhA, pariprazna jJAna aura sevA karma kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / upaniSadoM meM zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana ke rUpa trividha sAdhanA kA uTTaMkana hai| zravaNa meM zraddhA, manana meM jJAna aura nididhyAsana meM karma kI pradhAnatA hai / pAzcAtya cintakoM ne bhI tIna naitika Adeza batAye haiM' - no dAiselpha, eksepTa dAiselpha aura bI dAIselpha [ apane ko jAno, apane ko svIkAra karo, apane meM bane raho ] ye tIna naitika Adeza jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke hI samakakSa kahe jA sakate haiN| Atma-jJAna meM jJAna, Atma svIkRti meM zraddhA aura Atma-nirmANa meM cAritra kI svIkRti hai / 1 uttarAdhyayana 28 / 2 / 2 suttanipAta 2515 | 8 gItA 44, 4 / 36 / 4 sAikolajI eNDa mAralsa, pRSTha 180 /

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bhAratIya cintana meM mokSa aura mokSa mArga | 17 bhAratIya cintana meM kitane hI cintakoM ne sAdhanA ke ina trividha mAdhyamoM meM se kisI eka mArga ko pramukhatA dI hai aura usase mukti svIkAra kI hai - jaise AcArya zaMkara ne jJAna ko atyadhika mahatva diyA hai, rAmAnuja Adi ne bhakti mArga ko pramukhatA dI hai | para jaina dArzanikoM ne kisI ekAntavAda ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA / unake anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa meM nirmalatA nahIM AtI aura binA samyakAcaraNa ke mukti nahIM hai / isakI tulanA sukarAta, pleTo Adi grIka dArzanikoM dvArA ullikhita jIvana ke tIna lakSya - tha (satya), byUTI ( saundarya) aura guDanesa (acchAI ) ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra samanvaya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye to jJAna, bhakti aura karma; zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA; samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra yaha mokSa mArga hai / zabdoM meM antara hone para bhI bhAva sabhI kA eka jaisA hai / zabda jAla meM na ulajhakara satya tathya kI ora dhyAna diyA jAye to bhAratIya darzanoM meM mokSa aura mokSa mArga kI kitanI samAnatA hai, yaha sahaja hI parijJAta ho sakegA /

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2 Izvara : eka cintana [prathama vibhAga ] prAstAvika eka prazna jIvana ke uSAkAla se hI mAnava mastiSka meM ghUma rahA hai - Izvara hai yA nahIM ? yadi hai to usakA kyA rUpa hai ? vizva ke jitane bhI cintaka aura dharma-guru hue, unake mastiSka ko yaha prazna jhakajhoratA rahA / jisa prakAra yaha prazna sanAtana kAla se calA A rahA hai usI prakAra usakA uttara bhI sanAtana kAla se diyA jAtA rahA hai / pratyeka cintaka ne apanI-apanI kalpanA ke anusAra samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / hama yahA~ para sarvaprathama bhAratIya cintakoM kI dRSTi se Izvara kA kyA svarUpa rahA hai ? aura jana-mAnasa meM Izvara kI kyA dhAraNA rahI hai ? isa para cintana karane ke pazcAt vizva ke vividha aMcaloM meM phaile hue prAcIna tathA arvAcIna dharma, darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM Izvara kA kyA rUpa rahA, kAlakrama kI dRSTi se usameM kisa prakAra parivartana hote rahe ? usa para vihaMgAvalokana kareMge, jisase ki Izvara ke sambandha meM eka spaSTa rUparekhA parijJAta ho sake / AlocanA va pratyAlocanA kara jana-mAnasa ko vikSubdha karane kA hamArA uddezya nahIM hai / hamArA uddezya hai ki mAnava udAtta dRSTikoNa se anekAnta ke Aloka meM satya tathya ko samajheM; kisI bhI rUr3higata cintana meM na ulajha kara khule dimAga se jijJAsu- buddhi se usa vicAra kareM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhakoM ko yahI preraNA dI ki - "maiM kaha rahA hU~, isIlie tuma usako svIkAra na karo, kintu buddhi ke jagamagAte Aloka meM satya ko samajha kara use grahaNa karo / " " pannA samakkhi dhammaM tattaM tattaviNicchyaM / " vedoM meM Izvara Adhunika manISiyoM kA mantavya hai ki upalabdha vizva sAhitya meM Rgveda prAcInatama grantha hai / prastuta grantha meM Izvara ke sambandha meM cintana prArambha huA / prArambhika yuga meM prAkRtika saundarya - suSamA ko nihAra kara mAnava pramudita tathA usake ugra rUpa ko dekhakara bhayabhIta huaa| vaha socane lagA- isa prakRti ke pIche koI na koI viziSTa daivI zakti hai, jisake kAraNa hI pratipala - pratikSaNa nitya naye dRzya dikhAyI

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Izvara : eka cintana | 16 de rahe haiM / sUrya kI cilacilAtI dhUpa, umar3a-ghumar3a kara ghanaghora garjanA karane vAlI meghaghaTAe~, caMcala capalA kI camaka, indradhanuSa kA suhAvanA dRzya, saMdhyA aura uSA kI suhAvanI suSamA, candramA kI cAru candrikA, graha-nakSatroM kI jagamagAhaTa, samudra kA gambhIra garjana-tarjana, saritA kA sarasa saMgIta, pakSiyoM kA kalarava, gaganacumbI parvatamAlAe~, jAjvalyamAna agni, bhISma grISma kI USmA, sanasanAtI sardI, pralayaMkArI A~dhI, zItala manda sugandhita pavana, sundara vRkSAvalI, raMga-biraMge vikasita puSpa tathA adbhuta pazu-pakSiyoM ko dekhakara mAnava vismaya se vimugdha bana gayA aura unameM daivIzakti kA Aropa kara usane unakI stutiyA~ karanA prArambha kiyA / Rgveda meM dyoH, maruta, indra, agni, varuNa, sUrya, parjanya prabhRti meM Izvara kI kalpanA kara unakI stutiyA~ kI gayI haiN| usake pazcAt aditi, prajApati, hiraNyagarbha Adi amUrta kalpanAoM kA daivIkaraNa kiyA gayA / vaidika kAlIna deva rahasyamaya, divyatA aura bhavyatA ke punIta pratIka rahe haiM / unake antarmAnasa meM dayA kI nirmala bhAvanA hai, ve saMsAra kA kalyANa karane ke icchuka haiM / ve mAnavoM ke uddhAra ke lie avatAra bhI grahaNa karate haiN| unameM krUratA kA pUrNa abhAva hai| vaidika paramparA ke RSi jaba kisI bhI deva kI stuti karate haiM, taba usa deva ko sarvazreSTha aura sarvajyeSTha mAnakara usakI stuti karate haiN| indra kI stuti karate samaya indra ko itanI adhika pradhAnatA dI gayI hai ki pAThaka ko yaha anubhava hone lagatA hai ki indra hI saba kucha hai / para vahI RSi jaba agni kI stuti karatA hai to agni kI gaurava-garimA meM hI usake svara mukharita hote haiM / jaba vaha varuNa yA anya kisI stuti karatA hai to usI meM lIna ho jAtA hai| para isakA yaha artha nahIM ki vaha kevala indra ko hI AdhAra mAnatA hai, agni ko nahIM / veda meM bahudevavAda ke sAthasAtha ekezvaravAda ke bIja bhI sannihita haiM, aisA veda-sAhitya ke marmajJoM kA mAnanA Rgveda ke atirikta yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda meM bhI devavAda kI ve svara-lahariyAM jhanajhanAtI rahI haiM / vedoM ke pazcAt brAhmaNa-grantha Ate haiN| una granthoM meM devI-devatAoM kI saMkhyA meM abhivRddhi huii| unhoMne grAma devatA, nagara devatA, vaMza devatA Adi ko bhI devakoTi meM rakhA hai / jAtibheda ke anusAra devatAoM ke bhI vibhinna stara prApta hote haiM / upaniSad yuga meM Izvara upaniSad yuga bhAratIya cintana ke itihAsa meM eka naye yuga kA pratIka hai / vaidika vicAradhArA zramaNa vicAradhArA se prabhAvita huI taba upaniSad yuga meM vaidika vicAradhArA meM tIvratA ke sAtha gambhIratA, AdhyAtmikatA aura tapazcaryA Adi kA samAveza huA / upaniSad vedoM ke hI antima bhAga mAne jAte haiM / vedoM meM prAkRtika tatvoM kI pradhAnatA ke Aloka meM cintana hotA rahA, jabaki upaniSadoM meM Atmatatva ke sambandha meM gambhIra anucintana prArambha huaa| mAnava bahirmukha se antarmukha

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20 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 huA / upaniSad kAla meM dArzanika cintana mukhya rUpa se huaa| paramatatva ke svarUpa aura usakI upalabdhi ke sambandha meM vividha dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA gayA / hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sudIrgha kAla takaM RSi-muniyoM ne jo cintana kiyA, usa cintana ko upaniSadoM meM mUrta rUpa diyA gayA hai / upaniSad yuga meM jJAnakANDa aura karmakANDa the donoM pRthak-pRthak hue / isake pUrva jJAnakANDa yadi thA to vaha nagaNya-sA thaa| upaniSad yuga meM vedakAlIna bahudevatA sambandhI jo vicAra gaharAI se panapa rahe the unake sthAna para eka sarvazaktimAna, ananta, nitya, anirvacanIya, svayaMbhU ke rUpa meM Izvara kI kalpanA kI gyii| vaha svayaMbhU vizva kA sraSTA, rakSaka aura saMhArakartA mAnA gayA / usa svayaMbhU kA varNana karate hue upaniSadkAroM ne likhA--vaha jyotirmaya hai, vizva kA jIvana hai, advitIya hai / vahI eka arcanIya hai / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM yAjJavalkya se pUchA gayA- "deva kitane haiM ?'' unhoMne uttara meM 'eka deva' btaayaa| puna: jijJAsA prastuta kI gayI-agni, vAyu Aditya, anna, rudra, brahmA, viSNu, maheza inameM se sarvazreSTha kauna hai ? uttara meM unhoMne kahA-"ye sabhI mukhya rUpa se sabase U~ce, amara, nirAkAra brahma ke hI vividha rUpa haiM / mAnava cAhe to ina rUpoM kA bhI dhyAna kara sakatA hai aura cAhe to inakA parityAga bhI kara sakatA hai / brahma kA mahatva pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai-brahma ke binA na Aga jala sakatI hai aura na vAyu eka tRNa ko bhI ur3A sakatI hai| brahma ke bhaya se hI Aga jalatI hai, sUrya camakatA hai, vAyu pravAhita hotI hai, megha barasatA hai aura sabhI apaneapane kartavya kA pAlana karate haiM / isa prakAra ekezvaravAda kI saMsthApanA huii| ___ upaniSad yuga ke antima caraNa meM rudra aura viSNu, jo vedakAla meM gauNa devatA mAne gaye the, unakA bhI prAbalya bar3hA / ye deva purANa yuga meM ziva aura viSNu ke rUpa meM parama tatva ke sthAna para pratiSThApita hue / para brahma tattva eka hone para bhI vibhinna nAmoM se vaha jAnA pahacAnA gayA / 1 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 3 : 6-1 / 3 (ka) maitrAyaNI upaniSad, 4 : 5-6 / (kha) muNDakopaniSad 1-1-1 / (ga) taittiriiy-1:5| (gha) bRhadAraNyaka-1 : 4-6, 1 : 4-7 tathA 1 : 4-10 / 3 taittirIyopaniSad /

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paurANika yuga meM Izvara paurANika yuga meM usa parabrahmatatva kI vividha nAmoM se upAsanA prArambha huii| isa prakAra vaidika kAla se purANakAla taka Izvara sambandhI jo cintana huA aura jo usakA svarUpa nizcita huA, uparyukta paMktiyoM meM saMkSepa meM usakI jhA~kI prastuta kI gayI hai| vaidika sAhitya ke AdhAra para Izvara sambandhI digdarzana ke pazcAt aba vibhinna darzanazAstroM ko bhI TaTola lenA Avazyaka hai / ataeva aba yaha dekhanA hai ki darzanazAstroM meM Izvara ke viSaya meM kyA avadhAraNAe~ aura mAnyatAe~ haiM ? nyAya aura vaizeSika dRSTi se Izvara __ bhAratIya darzanoM meM nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana cetana aura acetana ke sambandha meM bahutvavAdI dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM / vaizeSika darzana ke Adya praNetA kaNAda ne Izvara ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se vicAra carcA nahIM kI hai| kintu prazastapAda ne, jinhoMne vaizeSika darzana para bhASya likhA hai, mahezvara ko sRSTi ke kartA aura saMhattA ke rUpa meM vistAra se citrita kiyA hai| unhoMne apane bhASya meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki mahezvara zubhAzubha karma ke anusAra sarjana bhI karatA hai aura saMhAra bhI karatA hai / nyAyadarzana ke nirmAtA 'gautama' haiM / unakA apara nAma 'akSapAda' bhI hai| unhoMne 'nyAyasUtra' meM Izvara kI carcA bahuta hI saMkSepa meM kI hai| para 'nyAya sUtra' ke bhASyakAra 'vAtsyAyana' ne Izvara kI carcA bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha kI hai| bhASya ke samartha vyAkhyAkAra uddyotakara aura TIkAkAra vAcaspati mizra haiM, unhoMne prabala pramANa aura tarka dekara Izvara ke svatantra vyaktitva aura kRtitva kI saMsthApanA kii| vAtsyAyana, udyotakara aura vAcaspati mizra ne kevala Izvara kI sRSTi ke nirmANakartA aura niyantA ke rUpa meM hI saMsthApanA nahIM kI, apitu unhoMne yaha bhI siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki Izvara jagat ko banAne vAlA hai, kintu vaha karma jIva sApekSa hai / yahA~ para yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kitane hI dArzanika cintaka Izvara ko kartA mAnate the aura usakI saMsthApanA karane ke lie ve prabala tarka pradAna karate the / koI anumAna ke AdhAra para siddha karate the to kitane hI dArzanika Agama ke AdhAra ko pramukhatA dete the / yadi usase bhI apane mantavya kI puSTi nahIM 1 prazastapAdabhASyagata sRSTi sNhaarprkriyaa| 2 IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSakarmAphalyadarzanAt / na puruSa kAbhAve phalAniSpatteH tatkAritatvAdahetuH / '-nyAyasUtra-4, 1, 16-21.

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22 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 hotI dekhate to anya sAdhaka pramANoM ko bhI upasthita karate the ! nakulIza, pAzupata aura zavoM meM isa viSaya meM ekamata nahIM thaa| sArAMza yaha hai ki nyAyadarzana mukhya rUpa se Izvara ke kartRtva-sthApanA ke sambandha meM anumAna para AdhRta hai / isa satya-tathya ko uddyotakara aura vAcaspati mizra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ne Izvara kI eka svatantra vyakti ke rUpa meM saMsthApanA kI aura sAtha hI use kartA aura niyantA ke rUpa meM bhI citrita kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM aneka mahatvapUrNa granthoM kA nirmANa bhI kiyA gayA / nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ke cintakoM meM 'udayana' prabala pratibhA ke dhanI, vijJa the / unhoMne Izvara kI saMsthApanA ke lie hI "nyAya kusumAMjali' grantha kI racanA kii| unhoMne apanI dRSTi se anIzvaravAdiyoM ke tarka kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura mahezvara ko kartA aura niyantA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / sAMkhya aura yoga kI dRSTi se Izvara bhAratIya darzanoM kI paramparA meM sAMkhya aura yoga darzana kA bhI apanA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / sAMkhya aura yoga darzana ke Adya pravartaka maharSi kapila aura pataMjali mAne jAte haiN| sAMkhya aura yoga darzana meM caubIsa yA paccIsa tatva hI nahIM mAne gaye haiM, apitu chabbIsa tatva bhI mAne haiN| jaise sAMkhya aura yoga meM svatantra puruSa-bahutva kA sthAna hai / svatantra rUpa se puruSa vizeSa Izvara kA bhI sthAna hai| mUrdhanya manISiyoM kA abhimata hai ki pAtaMjala sUtra se pUrva bhI yoga mArga ke aneka mahatvapUrNa grantha the| ve hiraNyagarbha' yA svayaMbhU se nAma se yoga mArga kA pratinidhitva kara rahe the / usa yoga mArga meM Izvara kA sarvatantra svatantra sthAna thA / kintu pUrNa nizcita rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki puruSa vizeSa rUpa Izvara ko kevala sAkSI, upAsya yA japa rUpa meM hI ve mAnate the yA nyAya, vaizeSika darzana ke samAna Izvara ko sraSTA, niyantA aura saMhartA ke rUpa meM mAnate the / vartamAna meM pataMjali kA jo yoga-sUtra upalabdha hai. usake AdhAra se yaha sAdhikAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki pahale yoga paramparA meM Izvara kA sthAna sAkSI yA upAsya ke rUpa meM rahA hai| kintu isake pazcAt yoga-sUtra ke bhASyakAra ne Izvara ko patitoM ke uddhAraka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai / bhASyakAra kA maMtavya hai ki Izvara bhUtoM para anugraha karatA hai aura vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ko jJAna kI nirmala gaMgA bahAkara aura dharma se jIvana ko raMga kara 1 Origin and Development of Samkhya System of Thought, p. 49. 2 Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, pp. 17-20. 3 Izvara praNidhAnAdvA / -yogasUtra-1, 23-6

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Izvara : eka cintana | 23 jana-jana kA uddhAra karatA hai / vaha yaha dRr3ha saMkalpa karatA hai ki maiM prANiyoM kA uddhAra kruuNgaa| prastuta saMkalpa kA mUla AdhAra hai sattva guNa kI prkRsstttaa| vyAsa ne bhASya meM yaha spaSTa pratipAdana nahIM kiyA hai ki vaha puruSa vizeSa Izvara sRSTi kA kartA aura saMhartA bhI hai| tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki bhASyakAra ne Izvara ko prANiyoM kA uddhArakartA mAnA hai| usake pazcAt bhASya ke AdhAra se vyAkhyA karane vAle vAcaspati mizra evaM vijJAna bhikSu ne kramazaH tatvavaizAradI aura yogavArtika meM ye vicAra spaSTa rUpa se uTTaMkita kiye haiM ki Izvara sRSTi kA kartA hai / unakI saMsthApanA kA mUla AdhAra Agama-pramANa hai| madhva vedAnta darzana meM dvaita paramparA ke mUla pratiSThApaka haiM, tathApi unakA dArzanika cintana nyAya-vaizeSika tatvajJAna se prabhAvita hai / unhoMne brahmasUtra, upaniSad aura gItA ke AdhAra para bhASya likhakara apane maulika vicAroM kI saMsthApanA kii| nyAya-vaizeSika tattva jJAna ke prabhAva ke kAraNa madhva kI paramparA anya vedAntiyoM se pRthak pratIta hotI hai / unhoMne nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra acetana paramANu aura cetana jIva ke vAstavika bahutva ke atirikta sarvathA svatantra Izvara kI vyakti ke rUpa meM saMsthApanA kii| usameM brahma yA viSNu jaise pada ke dvArA Izvara kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / tathApi svarUpa kI dRSTi se hama cintana kareM to madhva kI paramparA meM Izvara ke svarUpa kA jo citraNa huA hai, vaha citraNa nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura yoga sadRza hI hai / vaha Izvara sRSTi kA kartA aura saMhartA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana Izvara ko prANi karma sApekSya kartA mAnatA hai| vaise madhva bhI mAnatA hai, para antara yahI hai ki madhva darzana brahmasUtra ke AdhAra se Izvara ko brahma kahakara usakA vivecana karatA hai, jabaki nyAya-vaizeSika darzana Izvara kI saMsthApanA karane ke lie brahmasUtra aura upaniSad Adi kA AdhAra nahIM lete / upaniSad kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa hI unakA Izvara kartRtvavAda Agama pramANa para AdhRta hai / pUrvamImAMsaka, sAMkhya, bauddha aura jaina darzana svatannna jIva bahutvavAdI haiM / para ve darzana jIva se pRthak kisI bhI Izvara tatva ko sRSTi kA kartA aura saMhartA nahIM maante| brahmavAdI dRSTi se Izvara madhva ke atirikta anya brahmavAdI darzana sAmAnya rUpa se eka tatvavAdI haiN| vaha eka tatva sAMkhyadarzanasammata prakRti yA pradhAna nahIM apitu usase bhinna brahmatatva hai / sAMkhya kA pradhAna tatva mUla meM acetana mAnA gayA hai to brahmatatva mUla meM cidra pa mAnA 1 (ka) prakRSTa sattvopAdAnAdIzvarasya zAzvatika utkarSaH / -yogabhASya, 1-24 / (kha) tasya AtmAnugrahAbhAve'pi bhUtAnugrahaH prayojanam // -yogabhASya, 1-25 /

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24 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 hai| ye donoM vicAradhArAe~ mUla meM eka tatvavAdI haiM, kintu anubhavasiddha jar3a-cetana bahutva kA spaSTIkaraNa pradhAnavAdI sAMkhyoM ne pradhAna ko svatantra kartA kA sthAna dekara aura puruSa bahutva svIkAra karake vAstavika bahutva kI upapatti kI hai aura mUla eka brahmatatvavAdiyoM ne brahma ko sahakArI upAdhi vizeSaNa prabhRti vibhinna nAmoM se anya tatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai, ye donoM vicAradhArAe~ mUla rUpa se ekatatvavAdI hone ke bAvajUda bhI apanI-apanI dRSTi se bahutva aura nAnAtva kI upapatti karatI rahI haiM / prakRtivAdI sAMkhyadarzana prakRti kA svatantra kartRtva tarka se saMsthApita karate haiM to anya kitane hI prakRtivAdI usakI saMsthApanA upaniSad va brahmasUtra Adi ke AdhAra se karate haiM / unakA yaha spaSTa mantavya thA ki mukhya kArya karane vAlI prakRti hai / puruSa to kevala kartRtva bhoktRtva zUnya hai / brahmavAdiyoM ko unakA yaha mantavya svIkAra nahIM thaa| ve usakA prabala tarkoM se khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM-pradhAna tatva acetana hai, vaha vizva kA nirmANa aura niyamana kisa prakAra kara sakatA hai ? usake lie to kisI acintya zaktisampanna cetana tattva kI apekSA hai| isa vicAra saMgharSa ne jaba ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiyA to brahmasUtra kI racanA huii| brahmatatva meM mukhya rUpa se kartRtva sthApita kiyA gayA / brahmasUtra para jitane bhI bhASya nirmita hue una sabhI ne eka svara se yaha svIkAra kiyA ki brahmatatva hI vizva kA mukhya aura svatantra kAraNa hai / unhoMne Izvara kI paribhASA bhI kI aura sAtha hI brahmatatva meM hI Izvara ko ghaTAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| brahmasUtra ke jitane bhI bhASya prApta hote haiM, una bhASyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM / eka vibhAga meM AcArya zaMkara ko rakha sakate haiM to dvitIya vibhAga meM bhAskara se lekara caitanya taka anya AcAryoM ko rakha sakate haiN| AcArya zaMkara kA abhimata __ AcArya zaMkara advaitavAdI haiM / pAramArthika dRSTi se brahma ke atirikta anya tatva ve nahIM mAnate / unake sAmane eka jvalanta prazna thA ki brahma ko kUTastha nitya mAnA jAye to vaha pariNAmI nahIM ho sakatA aura na usameM bandha, mokSa aura jIva bheda kI vyavasthA hI ghaTita ho sakatI hai / ataH unhoMne mAyAvAda mAnakara sabhI praznoM ke samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yahAM para smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki unhoMne mAyA ko eka svatantra tatva nahIM mAnA hai kyoki svatantra tatva mAnane se unakA advaita siddhAnta Tika nahIM sakatA thA / ataH unhoMne mAyA kA sadasadanirvacanIya prabhRti ke rUpa meM varNana kara usako na brahmatatva se pRthak mAnA hai aura na sarvathA apRthak hI / ve use na sat kahate 1 sAMkhyAdayaH svapakSasthApanAya vedAntavAkyAnyapyudAhRtya svapakSAnuguNye naiva yoja yanto vyacakSate / teSAM yad vyAkhyAnaM tad vyAkhyAnAbhAsaM na samyagvyAkhyAnamityetAvat pUrvakRtam / - brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya, 21

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Izvara : eka cintana | 25 haiM aura na asat hI kahate haiM / tathApi mAyA ko svIkAra karake kevala advaitavAda kI upapatti karate haiM / dRggocara hone vAlA jitanA bhI vyAvahArika prapaMca hai usa sabhI kA mUla kendra mAyA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne mAyA ke mAdhyama se brahmatatva ke kUTastha nityatva aura kevalAdvaitavAda donoM kI saMsthApanA kii| unake pazcAta unake advaitavAda siddhAnta ko lekara jo jvalanta prazna ubuddha hue, una sabhI praznoM kA uttara unake vidvAna ziSyoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se dene kA prayAsa kiyA / eka hI prazna kA uttara sarvajJAtma muni apane DhaMga se pradAna karate haiM to usI prazna kA uttara vAcaspati mizra apanI dRSTi se pradAna karate haiM aura anya AcArya usake samAdhAna ke lie apane tarka apanI dRSTi se dete hai| para, sabhI ke samAdhAna kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unhoMne AcArya zaMkara dvArA pratipAdita kevalAdvaita ko kisI bhI prakAra kI kSati nahIM Ane dii| AcArya zaMkara ko mAnane vAle cintakoM ke sAmane eka prazna thA-brahma, jIva aura Izvara ye donoM kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue unhoMne kahA-"mAyopAdhika brahma Izvara hai aura avidyopAdhika brahma jIva hai |"pun: yaha prazna samutpanna huA ki jisa mAyA ke Azraya se sRSTi kA sRjana brahma karatA hai, usa mAyA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? jo sRjana hotA hai vaha karma sApekSa hai yA nirapekSa hai ? Izvara kI saMsthApanA akATya tarka se karanI cAhie yA Agama pramANa se ? ina sabhI praznoM kA vijJoM ne samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA--paramezvara kI bIja-zakti kA nAma mAyA hai; jo isa vAstavika jagat kI racanA karatI hai / Izvara kI yaha avidyAtmikA bIja-zakti 'avyakta' kahI jAtI hai / yaha paramezvara meM Azrita hone vAlI mahA-suSuptirUpiNI hai, jisameM apane svarUpa ko na jAnane vAle saMsArI jIva zayana kiyA karate haiM / yaha mAyA Izvara kI nitya svarUpa nahIM, Izvara kI icchAmAtra hai jisako ve jaba cAheM chor3a sakate haiM / mAyA brahma se abhinna aura acchedya hai| vahI isa jagata ko utpanna karatI hai| mAyA sat bhI nahIM, asat bhI nahIM aura ubhaya rUpa bhI nahIM hai| vaha anirvacanIyA hai| _ zAMkara mata kI dRSTi se Izvara jagata kA nimitta kAraNa bhI hai evaM upadAna kAraNa bhI / jagata kI sRSTi icchApUrvaka hai| IkSaNapUrvaka sRSTi vyApAra karane vAlA Izvara caitanya pakSa ke avalambana karane para nimitta kAraNa aura upAdhi (mAyA) pakSa kI dRSTi se upAdAna kAraNa hai / brahma kI jagata sRSTi meM mAyA ko hI pradhAnatayA kAraNa mAnanA ucita hai| 1 dAsa guptA kI "hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philosAphI'' bhAga 3 ke pRSTha 197-8 para kI pAda TippaNI, naM0 2 /

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26 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 Izvara kI saMsthApanA AcArya zaMkara ne Agama evaM upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para kI hai| tarka usa Izvara kI saMsthApanA meM anukUla sAdhana hai / AcArya zaMkara ne saccidAnanda brahma ko hI Izvara mAnA hai / unhoMne nyAya, vaizeSika mAnya svatantra Izvara nimittavAda kA aura sAMkhyasammata svatantra prakRti ke kartRtvavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| jo anIzvaravAdI haiM unheM avaidika kahakara unakA niSedha kiyA kiyA / sArAMza yaha hai ki brahmavAdiyoM ne brahma ke pUrNa kartRtva kI Izvara meM saMsthA - panA kI / AcArya zaMkara se pUrva aneka manISiyoM ne brahmatatva AcArya zaMkara kI taraha kaivalAdvaitI aura mAyAvAdI nahIM the| prakRti se pRthak mAnA aura sAtha hI use pariNAmI bhI mAnA / yaha satya tathya hai ki zaMkara ke pUrva jo vyAkhyAkAra hue haiM, unake grantha pUrNa rUpa se saMprApta nahIM hote, kintu unake cintana pravAha ko vibhinna AcAryoM ne vikasita kiyA hai| una AcAryoM prapaMca kA prathama sthAna hai / unhoMne brahmatatva ko pariNAmI tathA paramAtmA ko samudra taraMga nyAya se dvaitAdvaita siddha kiyA / usI paramparA meM zaMkarottara yuga ke vedAntAcAryoM meM bhAskara kA nAma gaurava ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai / unhoMne bhI brahmasUtra para bhASya likhA / unake matAnusAra brahma saguNa, salakSaNa, bodhalakSaNa aura satyajJAnAnanta lakSaNa yukta hai / brahma kI do zaktiyA~ haiM- bhogya zakti aura bhoktR zakti / bhogya zakti AkAza Adi acetana jaga rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai aura bhoktR zakti jIvana meM jIva rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI hai / 2 bhAskara brahmatatva ko bhinnAbhinna mAnate haiM / unakA mantavya hai ki pratyeka vastu kisI dRSTi se eka hai to dUsarI dRSTi se aneka hai / eka hI vastu meM ekatva aura anekatva donoM haiM / bhale hI vaha pariNAma svalpakAlIna kyoM na ho tathApi vAstavika hai / jaise- samudra eka hone para bhI taraMgeM aneka haiM vaise hI brahma eka hone para bhI jagat evaM jIvAtmaka pariNAma ke rUpa meM aneka hai / bhAskara ne brahma meM Izvara kI sthApanA kii| unhoMne AcArya zaMkara ke sadRza mAyA ko sthAna nahIM diyA / unhoMne brahma meM aneka zaktiyA~ mAnI haiM / yahA~ para yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaise sAMkhyadarzana mUla prakRti meM tanmAtra prabhRti bhogya sRSTi tathA buddhi aura ahaMkAra Adi rUpa bhoktRtva zakti ghaTita karatA hai, vaise hI bhAskara bhI mUla brahma meM ina sabhI ko ghaTita karatA hai / 3 vyAkhyAe~ kIM / para ve unhoMne brahma-tatva ko 1 bhAskara bhASya, 2-1-27 / 2 "brahma svata eva pariNamate tatsvAbhAvyAt / yathA kSIraM dadhi bhAvesya ambho hima bhAve, na tu tatrApyAtaMcanamAdhArabhUtaM ca dravyamapekSate / " - bhAskarabhASya, 2 / 1 / 24 | -3 (ka) hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philosAphI, bhAga 3, dAsa guptA, pRSTha 6 / (kha) brahmasUtra bhAskarabhASya, 2-1-14, pRSTha 67 /

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vedAnta kI vividha mAnyatAe~ tulanAtmaka vivecana upaniSad yuga meM eka ora advaita vicAradhArA jana-jana ke antarmAnasa meM panapa rahI thI to dUsarI ora dvaita vicAradhArA kA pravAha bhI pravAhita thA / ina do vicAradhArAoM ke saMgharSa meM tIsarA dvaitAdvaitavAda vibhinna rUpa se astitva meM A rahA thA / saddvaita, dravyAdvaita, guNAdvaita brahmAdvaita, vijJAnAdvaita aura zabdAdvaita jaise advaita vicAra vikasita hote rahe / usa samaya AcArya zaMkara ke kevalAdvaitavAda kI vicAradhArA drutagati se Age bddh'ii| jisake kAraNa dvaita aura dvaitAdvaita donoM ne apanI rIti aura nIti se mAyAzrita kevalAdvaitavAda ke virodha meM apanA tejasvI svara bulanda kiyA / unhoMne prabala pramANa aura akATya tarkoM se kaivalAdvaitavAda ko aprAmANika siddha karane kA mahAn prayAsa kiyA / unameM upaniSadoM ko mAnane vAle mUrdhanya AcArya bhI the / zuddhAdvaita ke AdhAra para sAMkhyadarzana ne aura AcArya madhva ne virodha kiyA / rAmAnuja, nimbArka, vallabha, caitanyaprabhRti AcAryoM ne apanI dRSTi se vaiSNava paramparA kA Azraya grahaNa karake kramazaH viziSTAdvaita, dvaitAdvaita, zuddhAdvaita aura dvaita kA pratipAdana kara AcArya zaMkara ke mAyAvAda kA khaNDana kiyaa| bhAskara ne brahma yA Izvara tatva meM ekAnekatva bhedAbheda kI saMsthApanA kI / usa para kucha pRthak rUpa se apanI dRSTi se vistAra ke sAtha vaiSNava aura zaiva AcAryoM ne gambhIra vicAra kara apane-apane mantavyoM kI sthApanA kI / vijJAnabhikSu Adi ne brahmAdvaita kI sthApanA kara sAMkhyayoga vicAra ko advaita kI paribhASA meM Abaddha kiyaa| zrIkaNTha Adi AcAryoM ne zaiva paramparA ke mahattva kA pratipAdana kara brahma tattva kI ziva ke rUpa meM vivecanA kI aura apanI dRSTi se advaita vicAradhArA kI sthApanA kI / AcArya rAmAnuja kA abhimata thA ki parabrahma yA nArAyaNa sarvAntaryAmI hai / vaha maMgala guNa kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai / vaha kUTastha hai, para svayaM ke zakti vizeSa se apane avyakta kAraNAvastha cit-tattva rUpa sUkSma zarIra ko kAryAvastha banAtA hai| prakRti aura jIva tattva jo nArAyaNa ke sAtha zarIra ke rUpa meM haiM, ve usakI zakti se saMcAlita hote haiM / yaha jar3a cetanayukta jagata mAyA rUpa nahIM hai, kintu satya hai / unhoMne parabrahma kI Izvara yA vAsudeva ke rUpa meM sthApanA kii| unakA bhI mUla AdhAra brahmasUtra aura upaniSad haiM / unakA yaha abhimata thA ki kevala kamanIya kalpanA va anumAna se Izvara ke astitva kI sthApanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isake atirikta unhoMne sRSTi racanA Izvara se mAnI hai aura usakA svatantra astitva svIkAra kiyA hai / nArAyaNa yA brahma kI sthApanA karane meM upaniSadoM ke aneka pramANa prastuta kiye haiM | AcArya zaMkara ne jahAM para kevalAdvaitaparaka artha kiyA hai, brahmasUtropaniSadoM meM rAmAnuja ne vahA~ para viziSTAdvaitaparaka artha batAkara yaha siddha

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28 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki nArAyaNa rUpa parabrahma hai aura vahI nArAyaNa cetanAcetana jagata kA upAdAna va nimitta hai / 1 nimbArka pAramArthika bhedAbheda yA dvaitAdvaitavAdI hai / unhoMne tattva kI Izvara ke rUpa meM sthApanA kI aura use viSNu kahA / " viSNu hI carAcara jagata kA upAdAna aura nimitta hai| vijJAnabhikSu sAMkhyadarzana ke antima AcArya mAne jAte haiM / ve svatantra vicAra ke dhanI the / unhoMne sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzanoM meM sAmaMjasya biThAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA / bhAskara aura rAmAnuja se kucha pRthak dRSTi lie hue brahmatattva kI, Izvara ke rUpa meM sthApanA kii| unakA mantavya hai ki satva rUpa zuddha prakRti kA avalambana lekara brahma apane Apa meM hI sadA vartamAna prakRti aura puruSa tattva kI sRSTi karatA hai aura use vikasita karatA hai / prakRti aura puruSa kAlpanika nahIM, parantu vAstavika haiM / ve brahma se pRthak haiM | pRthak hone para bhI brahma se vibhakta nahIM hai / brahma tattva kI upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa rUpa pracalita bhASA kA parityAga kara inhoMne navIna adhiSThAna rUpa vyAkhyA prastuta kI / adhiSThAna kAraNa samavAyI, asamavAyI aura nimitta kAraNa se bhinna eka navIna kAraNa hai / adhiSThAna kAraNa vaha hai jisameM kArya vibhakta nahIM hotA, kintu upaSRmbha pAkara pravRtti karatA hai / yaha adhiSThAna kAraNa brahma hai / prakRti aura puruSa usI meM binA vibhAga rahate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki vijJAnabhikSu at avibhAga advaitavAdI kahA gayA hai| ye upaniSad, purANa aura smRti ke pramANoM ke AdhAra se brahma kI nirvibhAga advaita rUpa meM saMsthApanA kara use Izvara kahate haiM / inhoMne AcArya zaMkara ke mAyAvAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne sAMkhya aura yoga darzana ko avaidika mAnA hai, para vijJAnabhikSu ne unheM vaidika mAnA hai aura isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki sAMkhyasammata prakRti vaidika hai, prakRti brahma kA aMza hai / 3 vallabha ne bhI brahma kI Izvara ke rUpa meM sthApanA kI / sAmAnya rUpa se unakA koNa anya AcAryoM se pRthak pratIta hotA hai / para gaharAI se cintana karane para sUrya ke prakAza kI bhA~ti spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki unakI vicAradhArA AcArya rAmAnuja kI vicAradhArA se milatI-julatI hai / vallabhAcArya zuddhAdvaitI haiM / ve brahma at fare svarUpa aura vizva ko brahma svarUpa tathA vizva kA pAramArthikatva saMsthApita karate haiM / unakA yaha vajra AghoSa hai ki Izvara (brahma) vizva kA upAdAna kAraNa 1 (ka) hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philosAphI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 156 - le0 dAsa guptA (kha) sUkSma cidAcidvastu zarIrasyaiva brahmaNaH sthUlacidAcidvastu zarIratvena kAryatvAt / - zrI bhASya (bAMbe saMskRta sIrIja ) 11111 | 2 nimbArka bhASya - brahmasUtra, 11114 / 3 vijJAnAmRta bhASya - 11112, 11114, 211132 /

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Izvara : eka cintana | 26 nahIM, para samavAyI kAraNa hai / unhoMne samavAyI kAraNa kI paribhASA nyAya-vaizeSika kI paribhASA se kucha pRthak rUpa se kI hai / inhoMne Izvara kI saMsthApanA upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para kI hai / ve Izvara kI lIlA ko pUrNa svAtantrya rUpa meM mAnate haiM / vallabhAcArya ne brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM eka prazna upasthita kiyA ki Izvara tattva sat-cit Ananda rUpa hai to usake kArya yA pariNAma rUpa vizva meM bhI samavAyI kAraNa rUpa Izvara ke sat-cit Ananda rUpa aMza kA anubhava honA cAhie / para acit yA cit jagata meM kevala astitva aMza kA hI anubhava hotA hai aura jIva jagata meM tAratamya se caitanya kA anubhava hotA hai / yadi brahma aura vizva kA abheda ho yA vizva samavAyIkaraNa Izvara kA kArya ho to kArya meM kAraNa ke sabhI guNoM kA samAna rUpa se AnA Avazyaka hai / kintu ve samAna rUpa se anubhavagamya kyoM nahIM hote ? prastuta prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki AvaraNa bhaMga ke tAratamya ke kAraNa samavAyI kAraNa rUpa brahma ke sattva Adi guNa kArya jagata meM tAratamya se vyakta hote haiM / AvaraNa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa acit vizva meM caitanya vyakta nahIM hotA, kintu AvaraNa kI zithilatA ke kAraNa cit-jagata meM caitanya kA anubhava hotA hai / zuddha AnandAMza kevala Izvara meM abhivyakta hotA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke AcArya vizva kA mUla kAraNa triguNAtmaka prakRti mAnate the aura usase ve vizva-vaicitrya kI upapatti karate the / vallabhAcArya ne kahA -triguNAtmaka prakRti meM jo sattva aMza hai usase sukha kA bhAva ghaTita nahIM kara sakate / kyoMki sRSTi meM sarvatra sattva kA aMza vidyamAna hai / yadi usI se sukha aura jJAna sambhava hai to sampUrNa vizva meM samAna rUpa se usakA anubhava honA cAhie / para dRSTigocara hotA hai ki kisI eka hI vastu se eka samaya meM aneka jIva sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karate haiN| eka vastu samaya ke anusAra sukha pradAna karatI hai, vahI vastu samaya ke anusAra duHkha bhI pradAna karatI hai / ataH sukha-duHkha, jJAna Adi kI anubhUti sattva Adi guNamUlaka nahIM hai, kintu vaha Izvaradatta cit, Ananda zakti kI tAratamyayukta abhivyakti ke kAraNa hai| isa prakAra unhoMne prakRti ke sthAna para brahma kI pratiSThA kara use paramezvara kI saMjJA pradAna kii| zrI caitanya mahAprabhu ne tattva jJAna kI dRSTi se madhva ke dvaitavAda kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / vaha acintya bhedAbheda vedAnta kA saMsthApaka hai / kArya-kAraNa ke sambandha meM unakA acintya bhedAbheda rAmAnuja darzana ke adhika sannikaTa hai| cit aura acit zakti se yukta kAraNAvasthA meM sUkSmazaktika aura kAryAvasthA meM sthUlazaktika mAnA 1 brahmasUtra bhASya, 1 / 1 / 3 (vallabhAcArya) / 3 (ka) aNubhASya, 1 / 1 / 3 / / (kha) aNubhASya prakAza ttiikaa|

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30 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 jAtA hai / ye donoM zaktiyA~ svarUpa kI dRSTi se brahma se abhinna haiM, parantu sthUla avasthA meM usase bhinna bhI haiM / zaktimAna brahma cit-acit zaktiyoM meM pariNAma hone ke bAvajUda bhI vaha svarUpa se apariNata banA rahatA hai / usakI apariNata svarUpa zakti vizeSa nimitta kAraNa hai aura cit acit zaktiyoM se usa zakti kA yoga hone para vahI brahma upAdAna kAraNa bhI hai / ataH brahma abhinna nimittopAdAna kAraNa hai| prastuta darzana kA nimbArka aura vallabha darzana ke sAtha atyanta nikaTa kA sambandha hai / zaivAcArya zrIkaNTha ne brahmasUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue brahma kI saccidAnanda ziva rUpa meM sthApanA kI hai| vaha ziva, zarva, bhava, mahezvara, IzAna prabhRti aneka nAmoM se jAnA aura pahacAnA jAtA hai / vaha Izvara kevala nimitta kAraNa nahIM apitu upAdAna aura nimitta ubhaya svarUpa hai / isa prakAra unhoMne nakulIza, pAzupata aura nyAyavaizeSika Adi mahezvara nimitta kAraNavAdiyoM se apanA mata pRthak pradarzita kiyA hai| inake brahmasUtra para bhASya kA AdhAra zaivAgama hai / AcArya zrIkaNTha kA abhimata hai ki sUkSma acit aura cit zaktiyukta brahma kAraNa-brahma hai aura sthUla yA dRzyamAna acit cit yukta vizva kArya-brahma hai / prastuta kathana meM AcArya rAmAnuja ke vicAroM kA anusaraNa hai / rAmAnuja ne sUkSma acit aura cit ko zarIra kahakara use brahma kA kAraNAvastha rUpa aura vyakta yA sthUla prapaMca ko brahma kA kAryAvastha rUpa kahA hai / ye zaiva aura vaiSNava donoM AcArya pariNAmavAdI hone para bhI pariNAma kA AdhAra brahma kI zakti mAnate haiM / ye brahma ko kUTastha nitya aura apariNAmI siddha karate haiM / AcArya zrIkaNTha ke matAnusAra pariNAma kA artha vikAra hai, jo pariNAmI hotA hai, vaha vikArI hai| kintu brahma nirvikArI hai / brahma meM aneka zaktiyA~ haiM / vallabhAcArya kA mata avikRta pariNAmavAda hai / zrIkaNTha ne pariNAma ko vikAra kahA hai, pariNAmI brahma vikArI hai / ataH unhoMne apane vAda ko avikRta pariNAmavAda kahA hai| pUrvamImAMsaka dRSTi se Izvara ___ veda ke do vibhAga haiM -- karmakANDa aura jJAnakANDa / karmakANDa meM yajJa-yAgAdi kI vidhi tathA anuSThAna kA vistAra se varNana hai| karmakANDa para cintana hone ke kAraNa prastuta darzana karma-mImAMsA yA pUrva-mImAMsA ke nAma se vizruta hai| maharSi jaimini mImAMsA darzana ke prathama sUtrakAra haiN| prazna hai ki hamAre acetana karmoM kA phala pradAna karane vAlA kauna hai ? kisI cetana puruSa kI adhiSThAtRtA ke binA karma apanA phala kaise pradAna kara sakatA hai ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM AcArya bAdarAyaNa ne Izvara ko karmaphala kA pradAtA mAnA hai aura jaimini ne kahA-yajJa ke kAraNa karma kA phala prApta hotA hai, Izvara ke kAraNa nahIM / prAcIna mImAMsA granthoM se Izvara kI sattA siddha nahIM hotI para pazcAtavartI

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Izvara : eka cintana | 31 AcAryoM ne Izvara ko yajJapati ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI gItA ke Izvara samarpaNa siddhAnta ko zrutimUlaka mAnakara mokSa ke lie samasta karmoM kA phala Izvara ko samarpita karane kI bAta para bhI bala diyA hai / karma hI apanI zakti se phala dene meM samartha haiM-isa dRSTi se kucha vicAraka mImAMsA-darzana ko nirIzvaravAdI mAnane lge| kintu nandIzvara ne kahA hai ki Izvara ke astitva meM zreSThatama pramANa veda hI hai / mImAMsA granthoM meM Izvara kA khaNDana nahIM apitu naiyAyikoM ke usa anumAna kA khaNDana hai jisameM unhoMne veda kA Azraya na lekara kevala kalpita anumAna se Izvara kI siddhi kI thii| samAja ko kAryazIla banAne hetu karma kI pradhAnatA isa darzana ne batAyI hai| ataH isa darzana meM mantra, devatA, vidhivat karma aura sAmagrIjanya zakti, ye hI Izvara ke kartRtva kA sthAna grahaNa karate haiM / cArvAkadarzana bhArata ke pramukha darzanoM meM cArvAka kA bhI sthAna hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'lokAyata' hai| isake pravartaka bRhaspati haiM / yaha kevala pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnatA hai / anumAna ke sambandha meM usakA mantavya hai ki usake pIche kevala sambhAvanA hai, tAttvika siddhAnta nahIM / vaha Agama-pramANa ko bhI nahIM maantaa| usakA mAnanA hai- veda, purANa, tridaNDa dhAraNA karanA, bhasma lagAnA Adi una logoM kI AjIvikA hai jinameM na buddhi hai aura na puruSArtha hI hai / cArvAka darzana Izvara, brahma aura AtmA Adi kisI bhI atIndriya tattva ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu inhIM cAra tattvoM ke nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM milane se sAre vizva kI utpatti hotI hai / isI taraha cAra mahAbhUtoM ke viziSTa anupAta se cetanA kI utpatti hotI hai tathA paraspara saMyoga samApta hone para mRtyu hotI hai / paraloka jAne vAlA AtmA nAmaka koI dravya nahIM hai| cArvAkadarzana kArya-kAraNa, vyApya-vyApaka bhAva nahIM maantaa| vaha mokSa evaM Atma-sAkSAtkAra kI carcA ko vyartha mAnatA hai / isalie usameM Izvara ke sambandha meM koI cintana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana aura Izvara bauddhadarzana vaidika paramparA kI taraha Izvara ko sRSTikartA va saMhartA ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnatA / isIlie kitane hI dArzanika bauddha dharma ko nirIzvaravAdI mAnate haiM / "saMyuktanikAya" meM vizva anAdi hai yA sAdi hai ? ananta hai yA sAnta hai ? AtmA aura zarIra bhinna hai yA abhinna hai ? mRtyu ke pazcAt kyA hotA hai ? Adi sabhI praznoM ko avyAkRta kahA arthAt unake sambandha meM nirNaya asambhava hai / isalie buddha sadA aise praznoM ke sambandha meM mauna rahe haiM / unhoMne isa para carcA karanA upayukta nahIM samajhA / para yaha spaSTa hai ki buddha ne karma ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura karma kI adRSTa zakti para cintana kiyA hai / unakA mantavya hai-jIvoM meM jo vicitratA dRSTigocara hai, vaha karma ke kAraNa hai / mAnasika karma ko bauddhadarzana meM 'vAsanA' kahA hai aura vacanajanya

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32 cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 saMskAra karma ko 'avijJapti' kahA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne, jise buddha ne avyAkRta kahakara TAlane kA prayAsa kiyA, usa para bhI likhA hai / buddha ne kahA-mAnava hI sAdhanA ke dvArA buddhatva prApta karatA hai, Izvara bana sakatA hai / isake atirikta aisA koI Izvara nahIM jo sRSTi-saMhAra karatA ho, aura taTastha sAkSI bhI ho / sAdhaka jaba apUrNa rahatA hai, vaha kisI na kisI Alambana kI apekSA rakhatA hai / usa Alambana ke sahAre bauddha dRSTi se apane puruSArtha ke dvArA buddha banA jA sakatA hai aura usakA Alambana lekara dUsare bhI buddha ho sakate haiM / isa dRSTi se buddha AtmA hI Izvara aura paramAtmA hai / jaina dRSTi se Izvara bhArata ke anya IzvaravAdI dArzanikoM ne AtmA-jIva se Izvara kI eka alaga sattA mAnakara use sarvazaktimAna kI saMjJA pradAna kI, para jaina dArzanikoM ne Izvara kI AtmA se alaga vijAtIya sattA nahIM maanii| usane mAnava ko hI ananta zaktimAna mAnA hai| usane kahA - mAnava meM ananta prakAza kI razmiyAM banda par3I haiN| rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroM ke kAraNa vaha apane Apako pahacAna nahIM pA rahA hai / jaina dRSTi se pratyeka AtmA meM svarUpataH paramAtma-jyoti vidyamAna hai / cetana aura parama-cetana ye do pRthak tattva nahIM hai / azuddha sthiti se zuddha hone para AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| vaha paramAtma tattva kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtA, apane hI andara rahA huA hai / usakA yaha vajra AghoSa hai ki "appA so paramappA" AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / "tattvama si" kA bhI yahI artha hai| AtmA kevala AtmA nahIM hai, kintu vaha svayaM paramAtmA hai, parabrahma hai, Izvara hai / AtmA apane mUla svarUpa kI dRSTi se zuddha, buddha, nirvikAra aura niraMjana hai / jaba taka usa para karmoM kA AvaraNa hai, taba taka vaha bandhanoM se baddha hai / para jyoMhI AtmA viziSTa sAdhanA ke dvArA nirmala hotI hai, tyoMhI samasta bandhanoM se vimukta hokara apane svakIya zuddha maulika svarUpa ko prApta kara letI arthAt paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se saMsArastha AtmA meM aura mukta AtmA-paramAtmA meM kiMcitmAtra bhI bheda nahIM hai / muktAtmA meM zakti kI utpatti nahIM, kintu abhivyakti hotI hai / vaha zuddha svarUpa kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtA, kevala anAvRta ho jAtA hai| pratyeka saMsArI AtmA sattAmaya bhI hai aura cetanAmaya bhI hai / yadi kamI hai to sthAyI Ananda kI hai| jaba vaha apane svarUpa meM avasthita ho jAtI hai to use akSaya Ananda, jo AvRta thA, upalabdha ho jAtA hai / sat pahale bhI vyakta rUpa se thA , kintu cit evaM Ananda kI vyakta rUpa se kamI thii| usakI pUrti hote hI vaha saccidAnanda bana jAtA hai / AtmA se paramAtmA bana jAtA hai, bhakta se bhagavAna bana jAtA hai / ___ katipaya bhAratIya darzanoM meM Izvara ke sambandha meM aisI dhAraNA hai ki Izvara sarvopari sattA hai, vaha jIvAtmA se vilakSaNa aura eka hai, anAdikAla se vaha sarvasattAsampanna hai / dUsarA koI Izvara nahIM ho sakatA / vaha jo kucha bhI cAhatA hai, vahI hotA hai / asambhava ko sambhava karane kI zakti usameM hai / vaha cAhe to eka kSaNa meM virAT

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Izvara : eka cintana | 33 vizva kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai aura vaha cAhe to eka kSaNa meM use naSTa bhI kara sakatA hai| usakI lIlA kA Ara-pAra nahIM hai| usakI binA icchA ke per3a kA eka pattA bhI nahIM hila sakatA / kisI ne usa Izvara kA nivAsa vaikuNTha meM mAnA, kisI ne brahmaloka meM, kisI ne sAtaveM AsamAna meM to kisI ne samagra vizva meM use vyApta mAnA hai| jaina darzana isa prakAra ke kartA-hartA rUpa meM Izvara ko nahIM maantaa| usakA spaSTa mantavya hai ki Izvara na kisI para ruSTa hotA hai aura na tuSTa hotA hai / vaha na kisI ko naraka meM bhejatA hai aura na kisI ko svarga meM / vaha pUrNa vItarAga hai / prANI kA jo kucha bhI acchA yA burA hotA hai, vaha saba usake hI kRta karmoM kA phala hai / vastutaH mAnava Izvara kI sRSTi nahIM, apitu Izvara hI mAnava ke urvara mastiSka kI sRSTi hai / Izvara zAsaka aura manuSya zAsita hai, aisA mantavya ucita nahIM hai / mAnavIya cetanA kA parama aura carama vikAsa hI Izvaratva hai / ise pratyeka mAnava prApta kara sakatA hai| Izvaratva prApta karane ke lie jAti, kula, sampradAya yA kisI varga vizeSa kA bhI bandhana nahIM hai jo bhI mAnava AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI uccatama bhUmikA para pahuMca jAtA hai, vahI Izvara bana jAtA hai| vaidika dArzanikoM ne jaina darzana ko anIzvaravAdI darzana ghoSita kiyA hai / para jaina darzana vastuta: anIzvaravAdI nahIM hai| jaina darzana ne Izvara ko satya svarUpa, jJAna svarUpa, Ananda svarUpa, vItarAga, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| vaha karmaphala pradAtA nahIM hai, apane sad-asad karma ke anusAra hI jIva ko. sukha-duHkha kI upalabdhi hotI hai, svarga yA naraka kI prApti hotI hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha virAT sRSTi mUlataH jar3a aura cetana ina do tattvoM kA hI vistAra hai / ye donoM tattva anAdi aura ananta haiM / vibhinna darzanoM aura Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra yaha nirvivAda hai ki sarvathA asat kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI aura jo sat hai, usakA kabhI sarvathA vinAza nahIM hotaa| "nAsato vidyate bhAvaH, nAbhAvo jAyate sataH" isa sarvasammata siddhAnta ke anusAra jar3a aura cetana tattva sadA se haiM aura sadaiva vidyamAna raheMge / aisI sthiti meM sRSTi kI utpatti aura vinAza sambhava nahIM haiM, aura na sRSTikartA kisI Izvara ko yA anya sattA ko svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| ___sAmAnya bola-cAla meM jise utpAda aura vinAza kahA jAtA hai, vaha vAstava meM padArthoM kA pariNamana rUpAntara mAtra hai / mRttikA kA piNDa rUpa meM rUpAntara hotA hai aura piNDa kA ghaTa ke rUpa meM / yahI pariNamana ghaTa kA utpAda kahalAtA hai / ghaTa kA Tukar3oM ke rUpa meM yA bArIka reta ke rUpa meM badala jAnA hI ghaTa kA vinAza kahA jAtA hai, zUnya ho jAnA nahIM / kumhAra lAkha prayatna karake bhI zUnya se ghaTa kA nirmANa nahIM kara sakatA / isI prakAra kisI eka paramANu ko zUnya-abhAva rUpa meM pariNata nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yaha satya hai to itanI vizAla sRSTi zUnya meM se kisa prakAra bana

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34 cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 sakatI hai ? aura kabhI vaha zUnya kaise bana sakatI hai ? ataeva spaSTa hai ki sRSTi apane maulika rUpa meM anAdi-ananta hai / usakA koI sraSTA nahIM ho sktaa| ___ Akhira Izvara ko jagata kA nirmANa karane ke prapaMca meM par3ane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? kisI ko banAnA aura phira miTAnA bAlakoM kA svabhAva hai, yaha Izvara kA svabhAva nahIM ho sakatA / parama kRpAlu Izvara yadi sRSTi racatA hai to yaha ekAnta sukha-zAntimaya hotI, aneka prakAra ke duHkhoM se paripUrNa nhiiN| isake atirikta vaha cora, DAkU, hatyAre, luTere Adi pApiSTha janoM kA nirmANa kyoM karatA ? prathama vaha aise adhArmikoM kA nirmANa kare aura phira unheM daNDita karane ke lie naraka meM bheje, yaha dayAmaya Izvara jaisI sattA ko zobhA nahIM detA / isa prakAra jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki jagatkartA mAnane se Izvara ke svarUpa meM baTTA lagatA hai, usakA rUpa vikRta ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra Izvara meM ananta zaktiyAM to haiM, para vaha sarvazaktimAna nahIM hai| vaha sarvazaktisampanna hotA to apanA jaisA dUsarA Izvara banAne kI zakti bhI usameM honI cAhie thI, magara yaha zakti usameM kisI bhI darzana ko abhISTa nahIM hai / ataeva Izvara hai, koI bhI AtmA Izvaratva ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura yahI jaina sAdhanA kA carama lakSya hai| sikkha-pantha meM Izvara kalpanA sikkha dharma vastutaH koI maulika dharma nahIM hai, vaha hindU dharma kA eka pantha hai / isake Adya saMsthApaka nAnaka the| nAnaka kA yaha mantavya thA ki satya eka hai aura usa satya ko prApta karane ke lie aneka mArga haiM / mAnava Izvara ko pUrNarUpa se nahIM kintu aMza rUpa se aura sahI jJAna se hI jAna sakatA hai / kyoMki manuSya ke Izvara jJAna kI sImA hai / mAnava svabhAvataH apUrNa haiM / ataH pUrNa rUpa se vaha Izvara ko nahIM jAna sktaa| sikkhoM kA dharma-grantha "Adi grantha" yA "guru grantha sAhaba" hai| unake dharmagrantha meM Izvara ke do prakAra ke guNa mAne haiM-mUla guNa aura karma guNa / unakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai : Izvara ke mUla guNa vaha eka hai / svayaMbhU hai, vaha sraSTA aura zAsaka hai, nirAkAra hai, sabakA pitA hai, saba kAraNoM kA kAraNa hai, ananta, akAla aura niraMkAra hai, parama pUrNa aura jyoti svarUpa hai / sarvazaktimAna hai, sarvavyApI hai aura sarvajJAnI hai / Izvara ke karma gaNa Izvara hI sraSTA aura saMhArakartA donoM hai / vaha parama nyAyI hai| sikkha dharma meM ekezvara kA siddhAnta spaSTa rUpa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / sabako upAsanA kA svAtantrya dete hue guruoM ne mUrti-pUjA kA khaNDana kiyA hai, ve avatAravAda aura bahudevavAda ke virodhI haiN|

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Izvara : eka cintana| 35 manuSya kA Izvara meM vizvAsa aura niSThA ke rahane kA AdhAra Izvara kA puNyavAn manuSya ke prati prema hai / Izvara kA prema anugraha banakara vyakta hotA hai / manuSya kI dRSTi se Izvara ke nyAya se bhI adhika usakA prema ananta, asIma hai / isIlie guruoM ne Izvara-prema kI mAtA ke prema se tulanA kI hai| Izvara kA krodha kSaNika hai, aura prema sadA rahatA hai| sikkha dharma meM "ziva" prakAza kA pratIka hai aura "zakti yA mAyA" andhakAra kA / guru nAnaka kI mAnyatA thI ki zarIra Izvara kA mandira hai aura manuSya Izvara kI sRSTi kA sarvazreSTha hIrA hai| yahUdI dharma meM Izvara vizva ke pramukha dharmoM meM yahUdI dharma bhI eka hai| yahUdiyoM kA sArA jIvana IzvarApita hai / "yAhaveha [jehovA]" inake pramukha ArAdhya deva haiM aura isI mukhya deva ne anya devoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / inakA yaha abhimata hai ki Izvara eka hI hai,sArI sRSTi usake dvArA nirmita hai| inakI dRSTi se saMsAra eka kArya-kSetra hai / jaba kabhI bhI dharma ke prati janamAnasa meM glAni samutpanna hotI hai, taba Izvara apanA adbhuta camatkAra dikhAtA hai / prastuta mAnyatA kI tulanA 'zrImadbhagavadgItA' ke "yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata !........" se kI jA sakatI hai| para antara yahI hai ki gItA kI dRSTi se Izvara avatAra grahaNa karatA hai aura yahUdiyoM kI dRSTi se vaha avatAra grahaNa nahIM karatA apitu adbhuta camatkAroM dvArA jana-mAnasa ko sadbodha kA pATha par3hAtA hai / yahUdI dharma meM mAnava ko Izvara kA pratinidhi mAnA hai jabaki misra aura mesopoTemiyA ke nivAsI prakRti ko hI Izvara mAnate the| para yahUdiyoM ne yaha krAnti kI aura unhoMne manuSya kI mahattA svIkAra kii| unhoMne kahA- Izvara manuSyoM ke dvArA AdarzoM ko dharatI para lAtA hai / yahUdI dharma meM masIhoM kA atyadhika prAdhAnya rahA hai| masIhA vaha hai jo Izvara ke pakSa meM bolatA hai| masIhA ko 'praoNpheTa' kahate haiM, jo eka prakAra se mAnava aura Izvara ke bIca kI kar3I hai / yahUdiyoM kA Izvara jahA~ sacce bhaktoM para tuSTa hotA hai aura unheM apAra Ananda pradAna karatA hai to duSTa evaM AjJA kA ullaMghana karane vAloM para ruSTa hokara unheM daNDa bhI detA hai / isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMga yahUdI sAhitya meM prApta hote haiN| pArasI dharma meM Izvara pArasI dharma ke saMsthApaka jarathusta the / isameM Izvara ke artha meM "AhUra majadA" zabda vyavahRta huA hai| jarathusta ne AhUra majadA ke sambandha meM batAyA ki vaha vizva meM sarvocca hai / vaha sabase adhika prakAzamAna, sabase adhika U~cA, sabase adhika purAtana, sarvazreSTha, sarvottama, kalyANakArI, aparivartanIya, acala, akhaNDa, Ananda kA svAmI hai / vaha ucca divyaloka meM rAjasI siMhAsana para AsIna hai| usakA vastra AkAza hai / vaha mAnava kA pitA, bandhu evaM mitra hai| vaha sraSTA hai, usI ne ananta

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36 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 AkAza ko Aloka se Alokita kiyaa| usI ne prakAza kA nirmANa kiyA, a~dhere kA sujana kiyA / vaha buddhi kA adhiSThAtA tathA vizva kA nirmAtA hai / vaha nyAyAdhIza kI taraha nyAya karatA hai| pArasiyoM kA mAnanA hai ki aparivartanIya Izvara aura parivartanIya mAnava ke bIca sambandha sthApita karane vAlI kar3I ke rUpa meM "spentA mainyU" nAmaka zakti hai| vaha AdhI daivika aura AdhI bhautika hai / vaha zakti AhUra majadA kI pratikRti va pratirUpa hai / pArasiyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki AhUra majadA ne cha: pramukha devadUtoM ko nirmita kiyA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : (1) vohu mAnAha [uttama mana], (2) AzA [puNyakarma], (3) khazathrI [devI rAjya], (4) AramaMtI [zakti], (5) horavAtAta [pUrNatA], (6) ameretAta [amaratA] / pArasI matAvalambiyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki AhUra majadA eka cirantana prakAza hai / vaha prakAza vividha rUpoM meM vyakta hotA hai / isIlie unhoMne agni ko Izvara kA pratIka mAnA hai aura ve usakI upAsanA karate haiN| IsAI dharma meM Izvara vizva ke vizruta dharmoM meM IsAI dharma pramukha hai / isa dharma ko mAnane vAle saMsAra ke vividha aMcaloM meM karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM vidyamAna haiM / isake Adya pravartaka IsA haiN| isa dharma kA mUla srota yahUdI dharma rahA hai| svayaM IsA jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM yahUdI the / unhoMne yahUdI dharma ke grAhya tattva ko grahaNa kara tathA usakI durbalatAoM ko tyAga kara prema aura ahiMsA para AdhArita apane vicAra vyakta kiye / unake abhimatAnusAra bhI Izvara sraSTA aura uddhAraka hai, vaha prema-svarUpa hai, vaha sarvopari sattA hai, sarvasvAmI hai / IsAI yaha mAnate haiM ki paramezvara ke tIna rUpa haiM-pitA, putra aura pavitrAtmA / pavitrAtmA, Izvara aura manuSya ke bIca tathA manuSya aura manuSya ke bIca sambandha saMsthApita karane vAlI kar3I hai| ___ saMsAra Izvara kI sRSTi hai aura usakI sRSTi zubha aura maMgalamaya hai / tathApi sRSTi meM duHkha, dainya, pApa, pIr3A Adi jo dRSTigocara hotA hai usakA mUla kAraNa prathama strI-puruSa hauvvA aura Adama ke Izvara-Adeza kA ullaMghana karanA hI hai / IsAI matAnusAra mAnava Izvara kA pratirUpa hai / parantu vaha janma se adhaHpatita hai aura usakA uddhAra IsA aura Izvara ke hAthoM meM hai|

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Izvara : eka cintana | 37 - islAma dharma meM Izvara islAma dharma kA mUla srota bhI yahUdI dharma hai, aisA kitane hI cintakoM kA mAnanA hai / islAma dharma ke Adya pravartaka muhammada haiM, jinheM musalamAna Izvara kA antima paigambara mAnate haiM / ye Izvara ke lie "allAha" zabda kA prayoga karate haiM, jo sarvazaktimAna hai, sarvajJAnavAn hai, sarvasRSTi-nirmAtA, niyantA aura sarvasAkSI hai / usI ne 'jannata' aura 'jahAna' banAyA / vaha akelA, svAzrita aura svayaMbhU hai / 'allAha' ke atirikta usa Izvara ke anya nAma yA vizeSaNa haiM-rabba [mahAna svAmI] al-rahamAna [dayAlu] al-barI [kucha meM se nirmANa karane vAlA] ala-badI [ArambhakartA] alvadUda [prema karane vAlA] al-radUpha [dayAlu] al-tabbAva [kRpAlu] al-hAdI [mArga darzaka] al-momina [saMrakSaka] al-muhaimina [AzrayadAtA] al-salAma [zAntidAtA] ala-kabIra [mahAna] al-jalIla [parama kAntivAna] ala-majIda [aizvaryayukta] alajabbAra [pahu~ca se pare] al-alI [udAtta] al-kudUsa [parama pavitra] al-ajIma [divya] ityAdi / Izvara eka hai / vaha adRzya hai / vaha avatAra grahaNa nahIM karatA / na manuSya rUpa meM aura na pazu-pakSI yA jar3a ke rUpa meM vaha vyakta hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki islAma dharma meM mUrti-pUjA kA niSedha hai / para pIra aura auliyoM ke makabaroM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai ; kintu unheM Izvara mAnakara nahIM / Izvara kI vANI kA saMkalana hI Izvara ke sAkSAtkAra karane kA ekamAtra upAya hai / islAma dharma meM yaha vizvAsa hai ki Izvara kI vANI mAnava suna nahIM sakatA / vaha devadUtoM dvArA tathA cune hue paigambaroM ke dvArA Izvara kI vANI ko suna sakatA hai / unhoMne Izvara ke sAta guNa mAne haiM jo isa prakAra haiM (1) hayAha (jIvana)- Izvara asadRza, advitIya, ananukaraNIya, adRzya, anAkRti, arUpa, araMga, avibhAjita, anaMza, avyAkRta, ekamevAdvitIyam hai / (2) ilma (jJAna)-Izvara sarvajJa hai| koI bhI bAta usase guhya yA agamya nahIM hai / usane kabhI bhUla na kI, na kara sakatA hai| pramAda, Alasya, nidrA kA vaha zikAra nahIM hotaa| vaha cira jAgarUka hai| (3) kadra (zakti)- Izvara sarva zaktimAn hai, vaha mRtoM ko bhI jIvita kara sakatA hai| (4) irAdA (saMkalpa)-IzvarecchA balIyasI, vaha jo cAhatA hai, vaha karatA hai| (5) sama (zruti)-Izvara ke kAna na hone para bhI vaha saba dhvaniyAM suna sakatA hai| (6) bazara (dRSTi)-A~kha na rahane para bhI vaha saba kucha dekha sakatA hai| (7) kalAma (vANI)-vaha bolatA hai, para muMha va jabAna se nahIM / Izvara kI vANI AjJA, niSedha, AzvAsana, dhamakI Adi ke rUpa meM AtI hai /

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38 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 ziTo dharma meM Izvara ziTo dharma kA prAdurbhAva jApAna meM huA thA / isa dharma meM eka Izvara ke sthAna para aneka devI-devatAoM kI mAnyatA pracalita huI / yoM kaha sakate haiM ki unhoMne devIdevatAoM ko hI Izvara mAnakara upAsanA kI / prAkRtika zaktiyoM ko dekhakara unake antarmAnasa meM una zaktiyoM ke prati eka AkarSaNa paidA huA aura unhoMne una zaktiyoM ko devI ke rUpa meM saMsthApita kiyaa| unakI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA thI ki mAnava ke bhAgyavidhAtA ke rUpa meM ye devI-zaktiyA~ haiM / jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha inhIM daivI-zaktiyoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| ye daivI-zaktiyA~ hI prakAza, svAsthya, dhAnya, zatruoM se saMrakSaNa, sampatti kI upalabdhi va abhivRddhi karatI haiN| una deva-deviyoM kI parigaNanA meM susA no vo (parjanya devI), inArI (dhAnya devatA), sUrya devI, pRthvI devatA, parvata devatA, samudra devatA, nadI devatA, vAyu devatA, anna kI devI, vRkSa devatA Adi haiM / vahA~ para devatA ke vAhana ke rUpa meM bAgha, siMha, bher3iyA, Adi pazuoM kI bhI arcanA hotI hai / jaba jApAna meM bauddha dharma kA pracAra huA to ziTo dharma para bhI usakA prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thaa| vartamAna yuga meM ziMTo dharma para bauddha dharma kA atyadhika prabhAva hai| Izvara kI kalpanA jisa rUpa meM anya dharmoM meM kI gaI hai vaisI Izvara kI kalpanA ziNTo dharma meM nahIM hai| [dvitIya vibhAga] bhaugolika dRSTi se Izvara-vicAra pUrva pRSThoM meM hamane vibhinna dharmoM aura darzanoM kI dRSTi se Izvara ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyaa| aba bhaugolika dRSTi se bhI usake svarUpa ke sambandha meM vicAra kara lenA ucita hogaa| kyoMki eka hI pradeza meM aneka dharma aura darzana eka sAtha rahate haiN| isake atirikta jana-mAnasa kI dhAraNAe~ darzanoM aura dharmoM se pRthaka bhI hotI haiN| una mAnyatAoM para bhaugolika vAtAvaraNa kA asara hotA hai| hama sarvaprathama prAgaitihAsika kAla meM vizva ke sabhI aMcaloM meM phaile hue AdivAsiyoM kI Izvara-viSayaka kalpanA ke sambandha meM ullekha karake paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya dezoM meM pracalita Izvara sambandhI dhAraNAoM ko prastuta kreNge| AdivAsiyoM meM Izvara ___ AdivAsiyoM meM mAnava ko 'nimna' aura Izvara ko 'ucca' mAnane kI paramparA bahuta hI purAnI hai| unakA yaha vizvAsa thA ki eka sarvazakti rUpa pitA ananta AkAza meM hai / vaha sarvazaktimAn bhUta-preta nahIM hai, kintu eka viziNTa zakti hai jo kabhI-kabhI pRthvI para bhI AtI hai aura lambe samaya taka pRthvI para rahatI hai usake bAda punaH ananta AkAza meM atyucca sthAna para baiTha kara vaha mAnavoM ke pratyeka kriyA-kalApa kA nirIkSaNa karatI rahatI hai|

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Izvara : eka cintana | 36 madhya AsTreliyA ke nivAsI koTizaH logoM kA yaha mAnanA thA ki usa parama pitA kA nAma 'atanAtU' hai / vaha atanAtU UrdhvagAmI hai| atanAtU kI santAna bhI atanAtU hI kahalAtI hai| usakI santAna meM se jinhoMne atanAtU kI upAsanA aura arcanA kI ve usake prema-pAtra bana gaye aura jinhoMne unakI avajJA kI ve svarga se cyuta kara diye gye| Izvara ke 'atanAtU' ke atirikta vividha sthAnoM para AdivAsiyoM meM 'bairAma' 'thA-thA-phulI' Adi alaga-alaga nAma pracalita the| hAviTa ne likhA hai ki AdivAsI Izvara ke lie na bali car3hAte the, aura na usakI prArthanA hI karate the, parantu unake mana meM parama-pitA ke prati eka niSThA thii| ____ aruNTA bhI AdivAsiyoM kI eka jAti hai| unhoMne paramapitA Izvara ko 'tvAnIrikA' zabda se sambodhita kiyaa| prArambha meM unakA abhimata thA ki vaha paramapitA vizva kA sraSTA nahIM hai, kintu dhIre-dhIre unake cintana meM parivartana huA aura ve Izvara ko nirmAtA, kalyANakartA aura duSToM kA nAza karane vAlA mAnane lge| bhArata kI eka Adi jAti saMthAla hai / saMthAloM ko Izvara zakti meM vizvAsa hai| ve apane Izvara ko 'siMga boMgA' ke nAma se abhihita karate haiN| unameM Izvara kA nAma 'ThAkura', 'kandU' yA 'kAndU' bhI pracalita hai / saMthAla loga mandira aura mUrti-pUjA meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhte| ve Adi zakti kA nivAsa pahAr3a, jaMgala, nadI, guphA, Adi meM mAnate haiN| unakA abhimata hai ki ye devatA dasa prakAra ke haiM (1) kAndo-pramukha devatA hai, vaha jIvana bhI pradAna karatA hai aura jIvana letA bhI hai| (2) aroka boMgA aura ajeya boNgaa| (3) mRta pitaroM kI zaktiyAM / (4) raMgo-rujI-zikArI zakti / (5) gAMva ke devii-devtaa| (6) gAMva kI sImA shkti| (7) akAla mRtyu se mRta bAlakoM kI aatmaaeN| (8) nATTiyAra boMgA-sasurAla aura nahara ke devtaa| (6) kisAra-boMgA-jo prasanna hone para dhana-samRddhi dene vAle aura aprasanna hone para mAra DAlane vaale| (10) yuddha boNgaa| ye devatA krodhI, bhUkhe aura mAnavoM ko daNDa dene vAle haiM / ataH saMthAla devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke lie bali car3hAte haiN| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki AdivAsiyoM ne prathama Adya zakti ko Izvara mAnA, kintu bAda meM calakara ve devI-devatAoM

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40 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 ko mAnane lage / pahale jahA~ pUjA nahIM karate, vahIM pUjA aura bali kI prathA clii| jo eka prakAra se vikRti hai / isa prakAra AdivAsiyoM meM camatkAra pradarzana karane vAle acche-bure, maMgalakArI - vinAzakArI, kRpAlu una donoM prakAra kI deva-zaktiyA~ mAnI gyiiN| ve deva - zaktiyA~ prasanna bhI hotI thIM aura aprasanna bhI / isa prakAra sabhI AdivAsiyoM kI dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko hama tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM: (1) bhUta-preta ko zAnta karanA (2) ati mAnava zaktiyoM ko zAnta karanA aura (3) eka parama tattva meM vizvAsa karanA / isa prakAra unameM bahudevavAda aura ekezvaravAda donoM prakAra kI vicAradhArA prApta hotI hai / sAtha hI, AdivAsiyoM meM grAma devatA, sImA devatA Adi vividha prakAra ke devoM kI kalpanAe~ bhI panapane lgiiN| ina devoM kA dhIre-dhIre mAnavIkaraNa huA / sAtha hI jo vyakti sadguNoM se alaMkRta huA, use deva svarUpa mAnA gayA aura dhIre-dhIre vaha paramapitA, jagatniyantA, sarvazreSTha ora mahAn zakti kA pratinidhi banakara upAsya bana gayA / bhAratIya paramparA meM avatAravAda kA mUla bIja AdivAsI vizvAsoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| asIriyA aura bebiloniyA meM Izvara kalpanA Adhunika itihAsakAroM kA mantavya hai ki asIriyA - bebiloniyA kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA atyanta prAcIna hai / isameM prakRti kI pUjA hotI thii| pahale bahudevavAda: pracalita thA / saMsAra kI zreSThatA aura adhamatA, uccatA-nIcatA, acchAI-burAI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI acchI-burI zaktiyoM para inakA vizvAsa thA / afaatfoyA nivAsI tri-zakti meM vizvAsa rakhate the / unakI do deva trayI haiMpahalI deva-trayI meM-- (1) anu - AkAza devatA jo svarga kA svAmI hai / (2) bale - pRthvI devatA / (3) huA -- jala devatA jo pAtAla kA svAmI hai / dUsarI deva-trayI meM-- (1) zamsa [ sUrya ], (2) sina [ candra ], (3) iztara [ maMgaladeva ] the / ina chaha devoM ke atirikta anya bhI aneka deva the jaise - 'rammAna' - jo bhayaMkara A~dhI, tUphAna, varSA aura vidyuta-zakti ko apane niyantraNa meM rakhatA thA / ve graha-devatAoM kI bhI upAsanA karate the, jaise- niniba [ zani ], marduka [ bRhaspati ] nergala [ zukra] Adi / bebiloniyA ke nivAsiyoM ne devoM ke sAtha unakI patniyA~, putra-putriyA~, dAsa-sevaka Adi kI bhI kalpanA kI aura laghu devatA mAnakara ve unakI bhI arcanA karate the /

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Izvara : eka cintana | 41 asIriyA ke nivAsiyoM kA 'asura' nAmaka eka viziSTa kendrIya zakti para vizvAsa thA / yaha 'asura' prAkRtika zakti nahIM thI apitu unakA eka rASTrIya devatA thA aura ve use apanA upAsya devatA mAnate the / isa prakAra inameM ekezvaravAda pracalita thaa| cIna meM Izvara-kalpanA cIna meM Izvara ke artha meM do zabda vyavahRta hote the-'zAMga-tI' [Upara vAlA samrATa] aura 'tI-Iena' ! zAMga-tI ko prasanna karane ke lie sarvaprathama cIna ke pIta samrATa [26672568 IsA pUrva] ne bali car3hAyI thii| usake bAda samrATa kU [2435-1266 IsA pUrva] ne zAMga-tI kI ArAdhanA karake bali car3hAyI thii| tadanantara vU tina rAjA [1324-1266 IsA pUrva] ne zAMga-tI kI prArthanA kI to usako deva ne sapane meM AzIrvAda diyaa| isa prakAra IsA pUrva 12vIM zatAbdI taka Izvara ke lie 'zAMgatI' nAma calatA rahA, tadanantara 'tI-Iena' nAma pracalita huaa| hAna vaMza ke vena-tI [179-157 IsA pUrva rAjA ne 'zAMga-tI' ke sthAna para nimnalikhita ATha devatAoM kI pUjA cAlU kI (1) AkAza svAmI, (2) pRthvI svAmI, (3) yuddha svAmI, (4) yoga svAmI, (5) thina svAmI, (6) candra svAmI, (7) sUrya svAmI, aura (8) cAra RtuoM ke svAmI / ___ zAMga-tI ke sAtha-sAtha anya devatAoM kI ArAdhanA hone lagI aura unake lie vizeSa balivediyA~ banAyI jAne lgiiN| 'zAMga-tI' ko AkAza zabda kA nAma dekara usake bhItara saba prakAra ke ucca, daivI, udAtta, bhavya guNoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA / isa prakAra cIna meM bahudevavAda ke sAtha ekezvaravAda kI vicAradhArA bhI pracalita thii| jApAna meM Izvara kalpanA jApAna meM Izvara ke artha meM 'kAmI' zabda prayukta hotA thA / yoM 'kAmI' zabda AkAza, pRthvI va anya kaI prAkRtika devI-devatAoM ke lie bhI prayukta hotA thaa| dhIre-dhIre mAnava ke atirikta pazu-pakSI, per3a-paudhe, samudra-parvata prabhRti vilakSaNa zaktiyoM ke lie bhI 'kAmI' zabda kA vyavahAra hone lgaa| "kAmI" devoM meM donoM prakAra ke devoM kA jo acche prabhAva vAle the aura jo bure prabhAva vAle the, vyavahAra hone lagA / prArambha meM jApAnI prakRti ke upAsaka the| sabhI prAkRtika zaktiyoM ko deva mAnakara ve unakI upAsanA karate rahe / anya par3osI dezavAsiyoM ke dharmoM kA bhI una para prabhAva pdd'aa| jisake phalasvarUpa jApAnI devatAoM kI saMkhyA zanaiH-zanaiH bar3hatI rahI aura Aja 1,60,436 zito devatA haiN| ina sabhI devatAoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) paurANika devatA, (2) dezabhakta aura vIra puruSa, (3) prAkRtika camatkArI zaktiyA~, aura (4) kaI prakAra ke pazu-prANI aura vastue~ /

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42 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 jApAna meM koI bhI zaktizAlI mahatvapUrNa vastu ko ArAdhya deva ke rUpa meM mAnA hai / isa prakAra bahudevatAvAda mAnane para bhI jApAniyoM meM ekezvaravAda kA prAdhAnya cIna ke dvArA AyA / jApAna kA mukhya dharma zito hai, jisa para hamane anyatra isI nibandha meM vicAra kiyA hai / misra meM Izvara - kalpanA Adhunika itihAsa kI dRSTi se misra kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA bhI bahuta prAcIna hai / misra kI prAcIna lipi, 'citra lipi' thI / isa citra lipi meM Izvara vAcaka zabda ko batAne ke lie eka tArA kA cinha batAyA jAtA thA / tArA paMcamukha ke rUpa meM hai / isake pIche unakI kyA kalpanA thI ? yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / usake pazcAt Izvara ke divya rUpa ko citrita karane vAlA bAja pakSI kA citra hai / yUriyasa (sarpa) ke rUpa meM devI kA citra prApta hotA hai| misra bhASA meM 'ntra' zabda Izvara ke artha meM AyA hai / misra rAjya ke madhya meM nIla nadI bahatI thii| usake sannikaTa pradeza meM pahale ekezvaravAda thA aura usake sAtha hI bahudevavAda kA bhI pracalana thA / ve loga amaratA kI saMprApti hetu rahasyamayI arcanAe~ bhI kiyA karate the / misra ke citra lekhoM ke adhyetAoM kA kahanA hai ki misra nivAsI eka zakti vizeSa kI arcanA kiyA karate the jo pahale thIbsa kA rAjA thA aura holiyo paulisa kA rAjaputra thA / vaha 'sarvocca mukuTa' ke sadRza mAnA jAtA thA / vahI sRSTi kA sarjaka thA, adRzya rahakara vaha janajana kI prArthanA ko sunatA, usake sadRza vizva meM koI nahIM thA / vaha 'Amona' 'rA' yA 'ptAha' bhI kahalAtA thA / yaha deva sabase bar3A deva thA / usake svarUpa ko jAnanA atyanta kaThina thA / isake atirikta vahA~ anya aneka laghu deva bhI the / 'rA' ke vibhinna kSetroM kI dRSTi se vibhinna nAma prApta hote haiM / usake pazcAt 'isisa' sabase mahAn devI mAnI gayI / misra meM vaMza devatA kI arcanA bhI barAbara hotI rahI / jo bhI pharohA rAjagaddI para AsIna hotA, apane vaMza devatA kI pUjA karane para bala detA thA / isa prakAra devatAoM kA mAhAtmya bar3hatA calA gyaa| sAre misra meM sUrya devatA 'rA' ke ke rUpa meM aura mRtakoM ke devatA 'Aserisa' sarvata Adara kI nigAha se dekhe jAte the aura unakI arcanA bhI calatI thI / nimna varga ke loga bhUta-preta Adi se surakSA ke lie 'besa', janma devatA 'thyUrisa', pAtAla loka kA devatA 'ame-thesa', dhAnya surakSA ke devatA 'neparo' kI pUjA kiyA karate the / misra ke devatAoM meM kucha devatA rAjA kI taraha ucca the to kucha unake adhIna aura choTe the / jisa prakAra mAnava ko bhUkhapyAsa, Ananda, zoka, bhaya- bImArI, vRddhAvasthA aura mRtyu satAtI hai usI prakAra una devoM ko bhI ve sArI cIjeM satAtI haiM, aisA mAnakara misravAsI devoM ko arghya, vastra, naivedye, AbhUSaNa, sugandhita padArtha, udyAna, sarovara, naukA, dAsa-dAsiyA~ Adi

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Izvara : eka cintana | 43 samarpita karate the / isa taraha misravAsiyoM meM devI-devatAoM kI kalpanA AdivAsiyoM kI kalpanA se milatI-julatI hai| kahIM-kahIM para ekezvaravAda kI jhalaka milatI hai para mantra-tantra, yantra, jAdU-TonA Adi ke andhavizvAsa meM ekezvaravAda dhUmila ho gayA thaa| yUnAna meM Izvara - kalpanA yUnAna vizva kA eka pramukha deza rahA hai / vahA~ para prArambhika kAla meM prAkRtika zaktiyoM kI, vanya pazuoM kI aura jitanI bhI bhayotpAdaka vastue~ haiM, unako prasanna karane ke lie unakI arcanA kI jAtI thI / vahA~ para bhI eka vaMza kA devatA mAnA jAtA thaa| vaha adRzya rUpa meM surakSA, sukha aura samRddhi pradAna karatA hai, aisA unakA vizvAsa thA / mRta - pUjA meM bhI unakA vizvAsa thA / AdivAsiyoM ke devoM ko bhI unhoMne apanAyA / unakA sabase bar3A ArAdhya deva 'jiusa' thA aura usakI patnI 'dione' thI / inake atirikta vibhinna devoM kI kalpanAe~ vahA~ para khUba panapatI rahIM / homara ne, jo yUnAna kA Adima kavi thA, apane mahAkAvya meM devatAoM ke chaH lakSaNa nirUpita kiye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM : (1) ve amara haiM, unakA nivAsa olimpasa hai / vahA~ na rahane para bhI ve amara hI the, bhale hI anya sthAnoM para ve kyoM na rahe hoM / (2) ve bahuta hI sukha-suvidhAoM se rahate haiM / unheM kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM hai / (3) ve deva ambroziyA khAte haiM aura amRta kA pAna karate haiM kintu mRtyuloka kI kisI vastu ko nahIM khAte / ( 4 ) ve deva adRzya haiM / para kabhI-kabhI ve vividha rUpoM meM prakaTa bhI hote haiM / (5) ve sarvamaMgalapradAtA haiM / (6) ve deva nindA karane vAloM ko daNDa pradAna karate haiM / yahA~ taka ki jo unakA virodha karatA hai, unheM ve naraka meM bheja dete haiM / ve veSa parivartana kara mAnavoM kI vividha prakAra se parIkSAe~ lete haiM / koI bhI vyakti anucita karma nahIM kare, isakA ve pUrNa dhyAna rakhate haiM / homara ke pazcAt hesiyoDa ne apanI kavitA meM devatAoM ke amUrta-guNa, nyAya-priyatA, kSamA, dayA Adi kA citraNa kiyA hai| dhIre-dhIre pratyeka kalA meM devadeviyoM ke pratIka cihna uTTaMkita kiye jAne lage / kalAkAra apanI kalA kI camatkRti dikhAne ke lie deva deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ko sajAne lage / deva deviyoM kI kalpanA ke sAtha unameM Izvara kalpanA bhI pratIta hotI hai jo sabhI zaktiyoM para niyantraNa karatA hai / yUnAna meM nagna mUrtiyoM kA adhika pracalana huA / devI-devatAoM ke mukta praNaya kI kahAniyA~ atyadhika pracalita huI / aDonisa ( kAmadeva ) kI pUjA mahilAoM meM

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44 / cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 adhika priya huI / kintu bAda meM devatA sambandhI vizvAsa parivartita hote gaye / itihAsakAra hiroToDasa ne Izvara ko mUrta aura amUrta donoM rUpoM meM mAnA hai| usane yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki devatA krUratA ke pratIka haiM / isa prakAra nirAzAvAda ke tattva panapane lage aura zanaiH-zanaiH Izvara ke sthAna para niyati kI tIna andhI deviyA~ prasthApita huii| IsA ke pUrva pAMcavIM sadI meM aisI kalpanA pracalita huI ki devatA jana-jIvana kI viSamatA ko aura virodhoM ko miTAte haiM / ve samanvaya aura zAnti ke punIta pratIka haiM / ye sacce nyAya pradAtA haiM / usake pazcAt yUnAnI yaha mAnane lage ki mAnavIyajIvana meM jo bhI utAra-car3hAva Ate haiM, unakA kAraNa mAnava kA svayaM puruSArtha hai, kintu daivI-zaktiyA~ kucha nahIM karatI haiM / sukarAta ne satya ko hI Izvara mAnA / usane purAnI kalpanA para AdhRta devakahAniyoM ko mithyA btaayaa| pleTo ne Izvara ko aprAkRtika mAnA aura asahaja mAnava ke rUpa Izvara kI kalpanA kii| vaha Izvara ko 'zivam' mAnatA hai| Izvara kabhI bhI rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA, sArI duniyA Izvara kI icchA se cala rahI hai / Izvara hI 'aTalAsa' hai, jisake baliSTha kandhoM para pRthvI TikI huI hai| usane ekezvaravAda ko mahattva diyA / phira yUnAnI cintanadhArA meM do vibhAga 'hue / eka vibhAga epikyUrasa kA siddhAnta hai / usa siddhAnta kI tulanA cArvAkadarzana se kI jA sakatI hai| vaha "khAo, pIo aura mauja ur3Ao" (Eat, drink & be merry) isa bAta para bala detA hai / dUsarA vibhAga sToika hai, jisane mAnava ke antarmAnasa aura dRr3ha-saMkalpa meM IzvarecchA ko pradhAna sthAna diyaa| unhoMne Atma-saMyama para bala diyA hai| IsA kI prathama sadI taka misra aura IrAna ke dharmoM ke prabhAva se yUnAniyoM meM bahudevavAda aura ekezvaravAda kA dvandva samApta ho gayA aura ekezvaravAda sthira huaa| TyUTAnika jAtiyoM meM Izvara-kalpanA TyUTAnika loga pahale cAra prakAra ke devoM meM vizvAsa rakhate the -(1) vUAnAja (mRtakoM aura havAoM kA devatA), (2) podArAja (tUphAnI garaja aura AkAza kA devatA), (3) tIvAja (yuddha kA devatA), (4) phriA yA phriga devI (priyA yA ptnii)| nArve meM bhUta-pretoM para jana-mAnasa kI hI niSThA thii| jo sabase bar3A thA vaha 'bhUtanAtha' yA 'mahAdeva' thaa| use ve apanI bhASA meM "vodAna" kahate the / una logoM kA vizvAsa thA ki vodAna jIvana aura maraNa kA svAmI hai| vaha bahuta hI krUra hai, vaha mAnavoM ke prANa-haraNa kara letA hai| vaha zanaiH-zanaiH yuddha devatA ke rUpa meM upAsya ho gayA aura usake pazcAt vaha AkAza deva ke rUpa meM ArAdhya banA tathA vaha prAcIna pitR devatA "asAsa" bho bana gayA / vodAna Ihana aura donAra pora thora tathA jyutIra anya devoM ke nAma the / inake atirikta phe, holDera, yA vAlDera, hAramaDAlUTa Adi choTe devatA bhI the|

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Izvara : eka cintana | 45 TyUTAniyA meM devoM kI eka lambI sUcI milatI hai| yahA~ para Izvara vAcaka gothika 'grupa', prAcIna ucca jarmana 'gaoNTa', prAcIna saiksa 'gADa', jarmana 'gAje' Adi vividha zabda the| bhASAzAstriyoM kA mAnanA hai ki ye zabda mUrti yA pratimA ke artha meM prayukta hote haiM / TyUTAniyoM kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki sarvottama IzvarIya aMza mUrti meM rahatA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki TyUTAnikoM kA bahudevavAda ke sAtha ucca IzvarIya sattA meM bhI vizvAsa thaa| IrAna meM Izvara-kalpanA prAcIna IrAna meM Izvara sambandhI koI bhI kalpanA upalabdha nahIM hotI / IsA pUrva pA~cavIM sadI taka IrAnI loga ucca parvatoM para car3hakara "jiusa" nAma ke grahagoloM kI upAsanA karate the, bali car3hAte the / prakRti kI upAsanA karanA hI unakA mukhya dharma thA / AkAza kI pUjA meM inakA pUrNa vizvAsa thA / "sphigela" ke mantavyAnusAra inake AkAza devatA "tvAza" the| usake bAda Adhunika phArasI meM vaha "sipihira" ho gayA / IrAnI sUrya aura candra kI pUjA bhI karate the| 'avestA' meM vahI 'bAra' aura 'mAha' batAyA gayA hai / itihAsakAra hiroDoTesa kA mantavya hai ki jiusa kI patnI pRthvI thI, jisako "aramaitI" kahA jAtA thaa| IrAnI loga agni ko "Atara" (Atiza) aura 'apAma napAta' (pAnI kA putra) kaha kara usakI upAsanA karate the| ye apane devatA ko 'Ahura' yA 'daiva' kahate the / 'hAoma' (soma rasa) inakI eka mahattvapUrNa devI thii| 'phavazI' (pitRpUjA) kI ArAdhanA bhI pracalita thI / ahuroM meM "Ahura majdA" (sarvazreSTha buddhi vAlA deva) kI upAsanA IrAna meM IsA pUrva do hajAra varSoM se hotI thii| isa taraha IrAna meM vividha deva-deviyoM kI upAsanA pracalita thI, usameM Ahura majdA ko unhoMne sarvazreSTha deva mAnA, vaha Izvara hai, aisA unakA abhimata thaa| ___ jarathuSTra IrAna ke dharmoddhAraka the| ve krAntikArI the| jana mAnasa meM Izvara sambandhI jo avyavasthita evaM aspaSTa dhAraNAe~ thIM, unako unhoMne vyavasthita rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA / 'avestA' meM unhoMne Izvara ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue batAyA ki 'Ahura majdA' svarga evaM AkAza tathA agnizikhAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / vaha mUlataH mainyu (Atma-tattva) hai, speMtA (dayAlu aura pavitra) hai / vaha sRSTikartA hai, prakAza va andhere kA nirmAtA hai / vaha sarvajJa, sarvavyApI, sarvastha, sarvadarzI, svAmI hai, vaha amara hai, aparivartanazIla hai| IrAniyoM ke vizvAsa ke anusAra Ahura majdA kI taraha eka aura zakti hai'AMgrA mainyU' jo pApAtmA hai| vaha santoM ko duHkha detI hai / yaha Ahura majdA se bilkula ulTI prakRti vAlI tathA zaitAnI zakti hai / majdA ke chaH guNoM kA bhI varNana hai(1) vohumanA (sarvottama mana yA AtmA), (2) AzA vahiSTa (pUrNatA aura puNya kA bhaNDAra), (3) ravzana vairya (zAnti vIrya), (4) AramaMtI (pavitratA yA bhakti), (5)

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46 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 haurvatAta ( svAsthya ) aura ( 6 ) ameretAta ( amaratA ) / AhuramajdA ko vahI vyakti upalabdha kara sakatA hai, jisake jIvana meM AcAra, vicAra, uccAra tathA bhAvanA meM satya aura zucitA ho / [tRtIya vibhAga ] prajJA puruSoM kI dRSTi meM Izvara bhArata ke darzana pravartakoM ne hI nahIM, apitu vizva ke itara cintakoM ne bhI Izvara aura usake svarUpa ke sambandha meM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se vicAra prastuta kiye haiM / 'Izvara' zabda kA artha itanA atyadhika vibhinnatA liye hue hai ki sAmAnya mAnava samajha nahIM pAtA ki Izvara kA astitva hai bhI yA nahIM ? yadi hai to usakA svarUpa kyA hai ? vaha eka dUsarI se viruddha mAnyatAoM evaM kalpanAoM ke jAla meM ulajha jAtA hai / Izvara ke sambandha meM, jitane bhI dArzanika, kavi, vaijJAnika aura sAhityakAra hue, unhoMne aneka praNAliyoM kA Azraya liyA hai| Izvara ke astitva at siddha karane ke lie yA usake astitva kA khaNDana karane ke lie bhI apane DhaMga se prabala tarka diye haiM / mAnava jijJAsu hai, vaha jAnanA cAhatA hai ki prAg aitihAsika kAla ke Adi jAtiyoM se lekara Adhunika kAla taka Izvara kA cintana kisa rUpa meM huA hai ? darzana ke itihAsa meM pleTo - arastU se lekara josiyA - rAyasa aura viliyama jemsa taka tathA Adhunika vaijJAnikoM aura cintakoM ne kisa dRSTikoNa se Izvara kA citraNa kiyA hai ? cintana ke itihAsa meM Izvara ke artha meM kisa prakAra zabdAvalI vyavahRta huI hai ? hameM una Izvaraparaka zabdoM ke vAstavika artha se paricita honA caahie| yUnAnI bhASA meM eka zabda hai - ' thI - ijma' ! yaha zabda vyaktigata aura AdhyAtmika sattA ke rUpa meM Izvara ke lie pracalita hai / aMgrejI kA zabda 'DIijma', laiTina bhASA kA 'DAyasa' zabda Izvara ko sRjanakartA aura niyAmaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai / aMgrejI kA zabda 'paithIijma' yUnAnI bhASA ke do zabdoM ke milana se banA hai, jisakA artha sarva tathA Izvara hai / isake abhimatAnusAra Izvara hI sarvasva hai aura sarvasva hI Izvara hai / isameM Izvara kA prakRti yA jagata ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA gayA haiM / aMgrejI zabda 'pAlIthIijma' kA artha hai-dharma kA koI tantra yA siddhAnta jo bahu IzvaroM meM AsthA rakhatA ho / aMgrejI ke zabda 'mAnothIijma' kA artha hai - vaha siddhAnta jo Izvara ke eka hone para bala detA hai / 'ethIjma' zabda Izvara ke astitva kA khaNDana karatA hai / Adhunika cintana meM yaha nirIzvaravAda 'ajJeyavAda' ke rUpa meM vizruta hai /

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Izvara : eka cintana | 47 kANTa ne apane 'kriTika' aura 'pyora rIjana' meM Izvara kI saMsiddhi ke lie jo anekoM pramANa the, unheM kama karake tIna pramANoM meM sImita kiyA hai - ( 1 ) vizva - kAraNa yukti ( 2 ) prayojanAtmaka yukti tathA (3) pratyaya sattA yukti / jaba hama 'Izvara' zabda ke artha tathA Izvara ke svarUpa para cintana karate haiM to bacapana ke citroM se prabhAvita hokara Izvara ko manuSya ke rUpa meM vyApaka tathA gauravAnvita dekhate haiM aura usameM manuSya ke zarIra va guNa Aropita karate haiM / Izvara ko manuSya rUpa meM dekhane kI isa pravRtti ko 'mAnavatvAropaNa' kahate haiN| para yUnAnI dArzanika kavi jainophensa se lekara Adhunika AlocakoM taka anekoM ne isakA upahAsa kiyA hai| adhikAMza logoM ke vicAra meM Izvara zabda kA tAtparya usa devI sattA se hai, jise antarAtmA kahate haiM tathA jo satya aura sarvazaktimAn hai aura jisakA hamAre prArabdha para Adhipatya hai / ve use jagat kA nirmANakarttA, nIti-niyAmaka evaM nirNAyaka bhI mAnate haiM tathA vizvAsa karate haiM ki antaryAmI rUpa meM vaha jagat meM sarvatra sthita haiM / Izvara eka aisI ajJAta evaM rahasyapUrNa adbhuta zakti hai jo bhayAnaka hone para bhI suhAvanI hai tathA jo svayaM ko prakRti kI utpAdaka zakti meM, jIvana aura mRtyu meM, tUphAna, mahAsAgara, bijalI, sUrya, prakAza, varSA Adi meM abhivyakta karatI hai / isIlie Izvara, nirapekSa, zAzvata, ananta, sarvazaktimAna, sarvajJa tathA sarvavyApaka Adi guNoM se use vibhUSita mAnA jAtA hai / imarsana jaise mahAn dArzanikoM ke lie Izvara, 'buddhimatA, pUrNa zAnti, sArvabhauma saundarya tathA zAzvata' ati-AtmA hai| to varDsavartha ke lie vaha vyAkula karane vAlI sattA hai / DekArTa ke abhimatAnusAra pratyeka vastu para sandeha karane vAlA mAnava apane Apa para sandeha nahIM karatA / sandeha eka prakAra kA vicAra hai jo yaha siddha karatA hai ki pUrNatA jaisI vastu avazya honI cAhie aura pUrNasattA bhI avazya honI cAhie / vaha pUrNa sattA Izvara hai / etadartha Izvara sarvajJa, sarvazaktimAn aura parama vizuddha honA cAhie / DekArTe ne mAnasika tattva aura zArIrika tattva ko pRthaka mAnA thA / para vaha kisa kAraNa se hai, isakA vaha samAdhAna nahIM kara sakA / kintu usake ziSyoM ne mAnasika aura daihika vyApAroM kA kAraNa Izvara mAnA, jo mana evaM zarIra ke vyApAroM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai / maoNla braoNka ne batAyA- hamArI sampUrNa vicAradhArAeM Izvara ke dvArA hI utpanna hotI haiM / vahI sampUrNa vicAradhArAoM kA kendra bindu hai / kintu Izvara zarIradhArI

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48 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 nahIM hai aura na AdhyAtmika hI hai / yaha to sarvocca aura zubha hai / etadartha hI mAnava usakI abhyarthanA karatA hai / spinojA ne Izvara ko aneka guNa yukta viziSTa tattva mAnA hai / vaha tattva avibhAjya hai, zAzvata hai, ananta hai aura sabhI padArthoM kA eka mAtra AdhAra hai / vahI sampUrNa vizva kA niyantA hai / sArA vizva usI se niHsRta hai / Izvara asIma hai, saMkhyA, aMza, samaya se pare haiM; jinheM hama Izvara ke guNa kahate haiM ve guNa kevala vaicArika rUpoM ke nAma haiM jinake AdhAra para hamArA mana Izvara ko samajhane kA pratyana karatA hai / spinojA ne tIna prakAra ke jJAna ko svIkArA hai - aindriya saMvedana, buddhi aura prajJA / IzvarIya tattva kA parijJAna prajJA dvArA ho sambhava hai / para buddhi bhI Izvara ke ananta mana kA aMza hai / usake maMtavyAnusAra sampUrNa jagat meM Izvara hai / jo kucha bhI dRggocara hotA hai vaha Izvara meM hI hai aura rahatA hai tathA gatizIla hotA hai / 2 I laoNka kA mantavya hai ki Izvara ko jAnanA sambhava hai / kyoMki hamAre antamanasa meM Izvara kI AkRtiyA~ aura dhAraNAe~ avasthita haiM / jaba hama bAhya jagat ko dekhate haiM evaM mAnava kI zakti ko nihArate haiM taba hama yaha cintana karane ke lie bAdhya hote haiM ki ina virATa zaktiyoM kA sarjaka koI mahAn sarvAdhika zaktizAlI aura prajJA skandha sattA avazya hai aura vaha sattA Izvara hI honI cAhie / barkale ke vicArAnusAra Izvara sabhI prANiyoM ke antarmAnasa ko niyantrita karane vAlI zakti vizeSa hai / vaha sabhI ko jJAna pradAna karatA hai| hameM jo kucha bhI saMvedanAe~ hotI haiM, ve sabhI Izvara ke kAraNa hotI haiM / hama Izvara ke asalI svarUpa ko nahIM jAna pAte haiM / hama usake sambandha meM utanA hI jAna pAte haiM, jitanA vaha hameM parijJAna karAtA hai / jaoNna kaoNlvina, jaoNna ToleNDa, tiNDala prabhRti cintakoM kA abhimata hai ki Izvara niyantA hai aura aisA vizva kA nirmAtA hai, jaisA eka ghar3IsAja ghar3I kA nirmANa karatA hai / ghar3I jaba taka calatI rahatI hai, vahA~ taka ghar3IsAja usameM hastakSepa nahIM karatA, vaise hI Izvara taba taka hastakSepa nahIM karatA jaba taka vizva apane niyamoM kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA / jisa samaya saMzayavAda kI AMdhI cala rahI thI ki Izvara hai yA nahIM aura isa prazna para gaharAI se cintana cala rahA thA, bahuta se vijJoM kA abhimata thA ki Izvara nAma kA koI tattva nahIM hai / kintu rUso ne usa saMkrAntikAla meM bhI Izvara para niSThA vyakta kI / usane kahA- bauddhikatA kI tarAjU para Izvara ko tolA nahIM jA 1 "I say, All is in God; all lives and moves in God. " -- Spinozna in his Correspondence, Epistle 21.

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Izvara : eka cintana | 46 sakatA / buddhi se Izvara ke astitva ko siddha karanA sambhava nahIM hai / Izvara aura kisI ko pasanda nahIM karatA, vaha to hRdaya kI bhakti cAhatA hai / 1 lAibanIja ne Izvara ko cida-binduoM kA bindu mAnA hai / kANTa kA kahanA hai - yadi Izvara ko na mAnA jAyegA to pUrNa naitikatA kA Adarza apUrNa hI rahegA / acche kAryoM kA phala dene vAlI aura kukRtyakAriyoM ko daNDita karane vAlI koI na koI sattA avazya hI honI cAhie aura vahI sattA Izvara hai / hIgala dvandvAtmaka paddhati para niSThA rakhane vAlA thA / usakA abhimata thA ki vizva kI pratyeka vastu meM sthApanA, pratisthApanA aura sAmaMjasya kI rIti se hI gatizIlatA hotI hai / yaha vicAradhArA atyadhika prAcIna hai / empeDoklIja, arisTATala, zeliMga aura phikeTa meM ye hI svara sunAyI dete haiN| hIgala kI vicAradhArA hai ki dharma kA kArya hai- usa parama sattA taka pahu~canA aura usakI anubhUti karanA / parama sattA eka aisI viziSTa sattA hai, jisameM jar3a aura cetana, viSaya aura vastu, zubha aura azubha eka ho gaye haiM / breDa ne satya ko ekarUpatA kahakara zabdoM kI paridhi meM bA~dhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / usakA mantavya hai ki satya eka prakAra kI pUrNa anubhUti hai jisameM hamAre anubhavoM kI AMzika sImAeM samApta ho jAtI haiM / vaha Izvara ko zubha aura sImita mAnatA hai kyoMki yahI eka upAya hai jisase eka paripUrNa vAstavika icchA aura vaiyaktika icchA kA antarvirodha miTAyA jA sakatA hai / bojha kA mantavya hai ki Izvara ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie tattvazAstrIya yA dharmazAstrIya tarka apUrNa haiM / anubhava se hI Izvara kA parijJAna sahI rUpa se hotA hai| rAyasa Izvara ko sarvAntaryAmI mAnatA hai / usakI dRSTi se sarvAntaryAmI kA tAtparya hai - Izvara ko apane satya ke viSaya meM pratyakSa tathA alaukika dRSTi prApta hai / pratyeka mAnavIya cetanA meM bhI vicAra aura anubhava kA pArthakya pAyA jAtA hai / jisa sattA meM vicAra aura anubhava kI pRthakatA nahIM hai vaha apane Apa meM pUrNa hai aura vahI Izvara hai / Izvara nirapekSa tathA parama sattA hai / hA AdhyAtmika jagata kI satyatA ko, Izvara aura manuSya samAja ina do pakSoM ke sAmaMjasya meM pAtA hai / vaha Izvara ke pitRtva aura mAnava ke bhrAtRtva ko mAnatA hai / sarjaka aura draSTA donoM samAna aura pArasparika rUpa se satya haiM, para ve eka nahIM haiM / Izvara ke prati manuSya ke kucha kartavyoM ko mAnate hue hAbisana kahatA hai ki manuSya bhI utanA hI satya evaM anazvara hai jitanA svayaM Izvara hai / upasaMhAra pUrva pRSThoM meM hamane vistAra ke sAtha Izvara sambandhI kalpanAoM aura usake vibhinna rUpoM para cintana kiyA hai / sabhI paramparAoM meM Izvara kI kalpanA ke sambandha meM ekarUpatA nahIM rahI hai / usameM deza, kAla aura vaicArika vikAsa ke anusAra pari 1 "The move I strive to prove the infinite being I God, the less do I understand is, but I feel that he is enough for me.' "3

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50 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 vartana hotA rahA hai / kabhI prAkRtika zaktiyoM meM devI- kalpanA kara unheM Izvara mAnakara unakI upAsanA kI gayI, kabhI vividha devI-devatAoM kI kalpanA kara unameM Izvaratva kA Aropa kiyA gayA / kabhI Izvara ko eka viziSTa zakti ke rUpa meM mAnakara usakI arcanA kI gyii| kabhI sAkAra Izvara ko to kabhI nirAkAra Izvara ko mAnA gyaa| isa prakAra Izvara sambandhI vicAradhArAoM meM prAg aitihAsika kAla se lekara Adhunika yuga taka jo vikAsa huA hai, usako hama saMkSepa meM gyAraha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM ( 1 ) prAkRtika zaktiyoM ko Izvara mAnanA / (2) jIvana yA prakRti meM ghaTita camatkAroM kA IzvarIkaraNa / (3) roga yA kaSTa se mukta karane vAlI zaktiyoM kI pUjA / (4) apane se bar3e, bhayAvaha prANI kA, Adara bhAvanA se daivIkaraNa / (5) rAjA, samrATa yA vIra puruSa kA daivIkaraNa / (6) purohita yA dharmaguru ko Izvara mAnanA / (7) kaI choTe-bar3e devI-devatAoM kI mAlA meM susUtratA lAne ke lie eka mahAdeva kI kalpanA | (8) mAtRrUpA mahAzakti yA parAzakti kI pUjA / (c) devAdhideva kI amUrta kalpanA -- brahma, Rtu, parama tattva Adi / (10) yaha mAnanA ki sarva dharmoM ke mUla meM eka hI Izvara tattva anusyUta hai / vividha dharmoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se aisI sarva dharma sambhAvanA kA vistAra | (11) Izvara vastutaH paramAtmA, niraMjana, nirvikAra, vizuddha, sarvotkRSTa cetana svarUpa - AtmA hai, jo sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, vItarAga aura ananta sAmarthya sampanna hai / vaha jagata kA kartA hartA, dhartA hai, kyoMki jagata zAzvata hone ke kAraNa kabhI utpanna nahIM hotA / Izvara kI upalabdhi ke lie vizva ke vividha dharmoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se mArga pratipAdana kiye haiM / yadi hama zabdoM ke jAla meM na ulajhakara samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se cintana kareM to sahaja hI parijJAta hotA hai ki sabhI cintakoM kA svara eka hI rahA hai / sabhI ne hRdaya, mastiSka aura karmendriya ina tInoM ke mAdhyama se Atma-vikAsa hetu tIna mArga pradarzita kiye haiM / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vividha dharmo ke tIna mArga diye jA rahe haiN| kramAMka dharma 1. hindU 2. 3. 4. 5. bauddha jaina mastiSka jJAnamArga isalAma yUnAnI IsAI ilyUminezana hakIkata ( akAyada) gnosisa samyak dRSTi samyagjJAna hRdaya bhaktimArga tarIkata ( ibAdata ) zarIyata ( mAmila) inarjiyA cairiTI pAeTAsa misTisijma samyak-saMkalpa samyagdarzana karmendriya karmamArga samyak-vyAyAma samyak cAritra

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jaina yoga : eka anuzIlana bhAratIya saMskRti meM yoga kA atyadhika mahattva rahA hai| atIta kAla se hI bhArata se mUrdhanya manISIgaNa yoga para cintana, manana aura vizleSaNa karate rahe haiM; kyoMki yoga se mAnava jIvana pUrNa vikasita hotA hai| mAnava-jIvana meM zarIra aura AtmA ina donoM kI pradhAnatA hai| zarIra sthUla hai aura AtmA sUkSma hai| pauSTika aura pathyakArI padArthoM ke sevana se tathA ucita vyAyAma Adi se zarIra puSTa aura vikasita hotA hai, kintu AtmA kA vikAsa yoga se hotA hai / yoga se kAma, krodha, mada, moha Adi vikRtiyA~ naSTa hotI haiN| AtmA kI jo ananta zaktiyA~ AvRta haiM ve yoga se anAvRta hotI haiM aura AtmA kI jyoti jagamagAne lagatI haiN| ___ Atma-vikAsa ke lie yoga eka pramukha sAdhana hai| usakA sahI artha kyA hai ? usakI kyA paramparA hai ? usake sambandha meM cintaka kyA cintana karate haiM ? aura unakA kisa prakAra yogadAna rahA hai ? Adi praznoM para yahAM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| yoga zabda 'yuj' dhAtu aura 'ghana' pratyaya milane se banatA hai / 'yuj' dhAtu do haiM, jinameM se eka kA artha hai-saMyojita karanA, jor3anA aura dUsarI kA artha haimana kI sthiratA, samAdhiH / prazna yaha hai ki bhAratIya yoga darzana meM ina donoM arthoM meM se kise apanAyA gayA hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki kitane hI vijJoM ne 'yoga' kA jor3ane ke artha meM prayoga kiyA hai to kitane hI vijJoM ne samAdhi ke artha meN| AcArya pataMjali ne 'cittavRtti ke nirodha ko yoga' kahA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne jisase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai, karma-mala naSTa hotA hai aura mokSa ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai, use 1 yujyati yoge- gaNa 7, hemacandra dhAtupATha / . yujin samAdhau-gaNa 4, hemacandra dhAtupATha / hai 3 yogazcittavRttinirodhaH- pAtaMjala yogasUtra pA0 1 saM0 2 /

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52 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 yoga kahA hai / / upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne bhI yoga kI vahI paribhASA kI hai| bauddha cintakoM ne yoga kA artha samAdhi kiyA hai| yoga ke bAhya aura Abhyantara ye do rUpa haiN| sAdhanA meM citta kA ekAgra honA yA sthiracitta honA yaha yoga kA bAhya rUpa hai| ahaMbhAva, mamatvabhAva Adi manovikAroM kA na honA-yoga kA Abhyantara rUpa hai / koI prayatna se citta ko ekAgra bhI kara le para ahaMbhAva aura mamabhAva prabhRti manovikAroM kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai to use yoga kI siddhi prApta nahIM ho sakatI / yaha kevala vyAvahArika yoga sAdhanA hai, kintu pAramArthika yA bhAvayoga sAdhanA nahIM hai| ahaMkAra aura mamakAra se rahita samatvabhAva kI sAdhanA ko hI gItAkAra ne saccA yoga kahA hai / / vaidika paramparA kA prAcInatama grantha Rgveda hai| usameM Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika varNana hI mukhya rUpa se huA hai / Rgveda meM yoga zabda kA vyavahAra aneka sthaloM para huA hai| kintu vahA~ para yoga kA artha dhyAna aura samAdhi nahIM hai, para yoga kA artha jor3anA, milAnA aura saMyoga karanA hai| upaniSadoM meM bhI jo upaniSad bahuta hI prAcIna haiM unameM bhI AdhyAtmika artha meM yoga zabda vyavahRta nahIM huA hai, kintu uttarakAlIna kaThopaniSad, zvetAzvatara upaniSad' Adi meM AdhyAtmika artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| gItA meM karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne yoga kA khAsA acchA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yogavAsiSTha ne bhI yoga para vistAra se carcA kI hai| brahmasUtra meM bhI yoga para khaNDana aura maNDana kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai / 10 kintu maharSi pataMjali 1 (ka) mokkheva joyaNAo jogo / -yogavizikA, gA0 1 / (kha) AdhyAtma bhAvanA''dhyAnaM samatA vRttisaMkSayaH / mokSeNa yojanAdyoga evaM zreSTho yathottaram // -yogabindu 31 / 3 mokSeNa yojanAdeva yogo hyatra nirucyte| -dvAtrizikA 3 saMyukta nikAya 5-10 vibhaMga 317-18 / * yogastha kuru karmANi saMgaM tyaktvA dhanaMjaya ! siddhAyasiddhayoH samobhUtvA samatvaM yogaM uccate // - gItA 2/48 5 Rgveda-1-5-3 : 1-18-7 : 1-34-8 : 2-8-1 : 6-58-3 : 10-166-5 / 8 kaThopaniSada-2-6-11 : 1-2-12 / 7 zvetAzvatara upaniSad 6 aura 13 / 8 dekhiye-gItA 6 aura 13vAM adhyAya / 7 dekhiye-yogavAsiSTha, chaThA prakaraNa / 10 brahmasUtra bhASya, 2-1-3 /

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jainayoga : eka anuzIlana | 53 ne yoga para jitanA vyavasthita rUpa se likhA utanA vyavasthita rUpa se anya vaidika vidvAna nahIM likha sake / vaha bahuta hI spaSTa tathA sarala hai, niSpakSabhAva se likhA huA hai / prArambha se prAnta taka kI sAdhanA kA eka sAtha saMkalana - Akalana hai / pAtaMjala yoga-sUtra kI tIna mukhya vizeSatAe~ haiM prathama, vaha grantha bahuta hI saMkSepa meM likhA gayA hai / dUsarI vizeSatA, viSaya kI pUrNa spaSTatA hai aura tIsarI vizeSatA, anubhava kI pradhAnatA hai / prastuta grantha cAra pAda meM vibhakta hai / prathama pAda kA nAma samAdhi hai, dvitIya kA nAma sAdhana hai, tRtIya kA nAma vibhUti hai aura caturtha kA nAma kaivalya pAda hai / prathama pAda meM mukhya rUpa se yoga kA svarUpa, usake sAdhana tathA citta ko sthira banAne ke upAyoM kA varNana hai / dvitIya pAda meM kriyA yoga, yoga ke aMga, unakA phala, aura heya, hetu, hAna aura hAnopAya ina caturvyUha kA varNana hai / tRtIya pAda meM yoga kI vibhUtiyoM kA vizleSaNa hai / caturtha pAda meM pariNAmavAda kI sthApanA, vijJAnavAda kA nirAkaraNa aura kaivalya avasthA ke svarUpa kA citraNa hai / bhAgavata purANa meM bhI yoga para vistAra se likhA gayA hai / 1 tAntrika sampradAya vAloM ne bhI yoga ko tantra meM sthAna diyA hai / aneka tantra granthoM meM yoga kA vizleSaNa upalabdha hotA hai / mahAnirvANatantra' aura SaTcakra nirUpaNa' meM yoga para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai / madhyakAla meM to yoga para jana-mAnasa kA atyadhika AkarSaNa bar3hA jisake phalasvarUpa yoga kI eka pRthaka sampradAya banI jo haThayoga ke nAma se vizruta hai / jisameM Asana, mudrA, prANAyAma prabhRti yoga ke bAhya aMgoM para vizeSa bala diyA gayA / haThayoga pradIpikA ziva saMhitA, gheraNDa saMhitA, gorakSA-paddhati, gorakSa-zataka, yoga tArAvalI, binduyoga, yoga bIja, yoga- kalpadra uma Adi mukhya grantha haiM / ina granthoM meM Asana, bandha, mudrA, SaTkarma, kumbhaka, pUraka, recaka Adi bAhya aMgoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / gheraNDa saMhitA meM to AsanoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika bar3ha gayI hai / gIrvANa girA meM hI nahIM apitu prAntIya bhASAoM meM bhI yoga para aneka grantha likhe gaye haiM | marAThI bhASA meM gItA para jJAnadeva racita jJAnezvarI TIkA meM yoga kA sundara varNana hai / kabIra kA bIjaka grantha yoga kA zreSTha grantha hai / bauddha paramparA meM yoga ke lie samAdhi aura dhyAna zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / buddha ne aSTAMgika mArga ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai / bodhitva prApta karane ke pUrva 1 bhAgavata purANa, skandha 3, adhyAya 28; skandha 11, adhyAya 15 - 16-20 / mahAnirvANa tantra, adhyAya 3 aura Tantrik Texts meM prakAzita / 1 8 SaTcakra nirUpaNa, pRSTha 60, 61, 82, 60, 61 aura 134 / 4 jJAnezvarI TIkA - chaThA adhyAya /

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54 cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 zvAsocchvAsa nirodha kI sAdhanA prArambha kI thii| kintu samAdhi prApta na hone se usakA parityAga kara aSTAMgika mArga ko apnaayaa| aSTAMgika mArga meM samAdhi ke Upara vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| samAdhi yA nirvANa prApta karane ke lie dhyAna ke sAtha anitya bhAvanA ko bhI mahattva diyA hai / tathAgata buddha ne kahA-"bhikSo ! rUpa anitya hai, vedanA anitya hai, saMjJA anitya hai, saMskAra anitya hai, vijJAna anitya hai / jo anitya hai vaha duHkhaprada hai / jo duHkhaprada hai vaha anAtmaka hai / jo anAtmaka hai vaha merA nahIM / vaha maiM nahIM huuN| isa taraha saMsAra ke anitya svarUpa ko dekhanA caahie|" jaina Agama sAhitya meM yoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| kintu yoga zabda kA artha jisa prakAra vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM huA hai usa artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai / vahA~ yoga zabda kA prayoga mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti ke lie huA hai / vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM jisa artha ko yoga zabda vyakta karatA hai usa artha ko jaina paramparA meM tapa aura dhyAna vyakta karate haiN| dhyAna kA artha hai-mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yogoM ko Atmacintana meM kendrita krnaa| dhyAna meM tana, mana aura vacana ko sthira karanA hotA hai / kevala sAMsa lene kI chUTa rahatI hai, sAMsa ke atirikta sabhI zArIrika kriyAoM ko rokanA anivArya hai / sarvaprathama zarIra kI vibhinna kriyAoM ko rokA jAtA hai / vacana ko niyatrita kiyA jAtA hai aura usake pazcAt mana ko Atma-svarUpa meM ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai / prastuta sAdhanA ko hama dravya-sAdhanA aura bhAva-sAdhanA kaha sakate haiM / tana aura vacana kI sAdhanA dravya-sAdhanA aura mana kI sAdhanA bhAva-sAdhanA hai| jaina paramparA meM haThayoga ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai aura na prANAyAma ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / haThayoga ke dvArA jo niyantraNa kiyA jAtA hai usase sthAyI lAbha nahIM hotA, na Atma-zuddhi hotI hai aura na mukti hI prApta hotI hai / sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama sAhitya meM dhyAna ke lakSaNa aura unake prabhedoM para prakAza DAlA hai| AcArya bhadrabAha svAmI ne Avazyakaniyukti meM dhyAna para vizada vivecana kiyA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna para cintana kiyA hai / kintu unakA cintana Agama se pRthaka nahIM hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne "dhyAnazataka" kI racanA kI / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa jaina dhyAna paddhati ke marmajJa jJAtA the| unhoMne dhyAna kI gaharAI meM jAkara jo anubhava kA amRta prApta kiyA use isa grantha meM uddhata kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne jaina-yoga paddhati meM nUtana parivartana kiyaa| unhoMne yoga bindu, yogadRSTi-samuccaya, yogavizikA, yogazataka aura SoDazaka prabhRti aneka grantha 1 aMguttaranikAya 63 / 3 saMyuktanikAya 5-10 /

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janayoga : eka anuzIlana | 55 kA nirmANa kiyaa| ina granthoM meM jaina paramparA ke anusAra yoga sAdhanA kA vizleSaNa karake hI santuSTa nahIM hue, apitu pAtaMjala yogasUtra meM varNita yoga sAdhanA aura unakI vizeSa paribhASAoM ke sAtha jaina yoga sAdhanA kI tulanA kI hai aura usameM rahe hue sAmya ko batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai|' AcArya haribhadra ke yoga granthoM kI nimna vizeSatAeM haiM : (1) kauna sAdhaka yoga kA adhikArI hai aura kauna yoga kA anadhikArI hai / (2) yoga kA adhikAra prApta karane ke lie pahale kI jo taiyArI apekSita hai, usa para cintana kiyA hai ? (3) ra gyatA ke AdhAra para sAdhakoM kA vibhinna dRSTi se vibhAga kiyA hai aura unake svarUpa aura anuSThAna kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / (4) yoga sAdhanA ke bheda-prabhedoM aura sAdhana kA varNana hai / yogabindu meM yoga ke adhikArI ke apunarbandhaka, samyakdRSTi, dezavirati aura sarvavirati ye cAra vibhAga kiye aura yoga kI bhUmikA para vicAra karate hue adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA, vRttisaMkSaya ye pA~ca prakAra batAye / yogadRSTi samuccaya meM ogha dRSTi aura yoga dRSTi para cintana kiyA hai / isa grantha meM yoga ke adhikAriyoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / prathama bheda meM prArambhika avasthA se vikAsa kI antima avasthA taka kI bhUmikAoM ke karma-mala ke tAratamya kI dRSTi se mitrA, tArA, balA, dIpA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA aura parA-ye ATha vibhAga kiye haiM / ye ATha vibhAga pAtaMjala yoga sUtra ke yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi tathA bauddha paramparA ke kheda, udvega Adi aSTa pRthak jana citta doSaparihara aura adveSa, jijJAsA Adi aSTa yoga guNoM ko prakaTa karane ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiM / yoga zataka meM yoga ke nizcaya aura vyavahAra-ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / yogavizikA meM dharma sAdhanA ke lie kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM ko yoga kahA hai aura yoga kI sthAna, UrjA, artha, Alambana aura anAlambana ye pAMca bhUmikAe~ batAyI haiN| __ AcArya haribhadra ke pazcAt jaina yoga ke itihAsa ke jAjvalyamAna nakSatra haiMAcArya hemacandra jinhoMne yogazAstra nAmaka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isa grantha meM pAtaMjala yoga sUtra ke aSTAMga yoga kI taraha zramaNa tathA zrAvaka 1 samAdhireSu evAnyaH saMprajJo'bhidhIyate / samyakprakarSarUpeNa vRtyarthaM jJAnatarastathA // asaMprajJAta eSo'pi samAdhi gIyate praiH| niruddhazeSa vRtyAdi tatsvarUpAnurodhaka / / -yogabindu 416-420 /

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56 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 jIvana kI AcAra sAdhanA ko jaina Agama-sAhitya ke prakAza meM vyakta kiyA hai| isameM Asana, prANAyAma Adi kA bhI varNana hai / padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai aura mana kI vikSupta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura sulIna ina cAra dazAoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai jo AcArya kI apanI maulika dena hai| AcArya hemacandra ke pazcAt AcArya zubhacandra kA nAma AtA hai / jJAnArNava unakI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / sarga 26 se 42 taka meM prANAyAma aura dhyAna ke svarUpa aura bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prANAyAma Adi se prApta hone vAlI labdhiyoM para parakAya-praveza Adi ke phala para cintana karane ke pazcAt prANAyAma ko mokSa rUpa sAdhya siddhi ke lie anAvazyaka aura anarthakArI batAyA hai| ___usake pazcAt upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA nAma AtA hai, ve satyopAsaka the| unhoMne adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmopaniSad, yogAvatAra battIsI, pAtaMjala yoga sUtra vRtti, yogavizikA TIkA, yoga dRSTinI sajjhAya Adi mahatvapUrNa grantha likhe haiM / adhyAtmasAra grantha ke yogAdhikAra aura dhyAnAdhikAra prakaraNa meM gItA aura pAtaMjala yogasUtra kA upayoga karake bhI jaina-paramparA meM vizruta dhyAna ke vividha bhedoM kA samanvayAtmaka varNana kiyA hai / adhyAtmopaniSad meM zAstrayoga, jJAnayoga, kriyAyoga aura sAmyayoga ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue yogavAsiSTha aura taittirIya upaniSad ke mahattvapUrNa uddharaNa dekara jainadarzana ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| yogAvatAra battIsI meM pAtaMjala yoga sUtra meM jo yoga-sAdhanA kA varNana hai, usakA jaina dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai aura haribhadra ke yoga-vizikA aura SoDazaka para mahattvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhakara usake rahasyoM ko udghATita kiyA hai, jainadarzana kI dRSTi se pAtaMjala yogasUtra para bhI eka laghuvRtti likhI hai / isa taraha yazovijayajI ke granthoM meM madhyastha bhAvanA, guNa-grAhakatA va samanvayaka dRSTi spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| ___ sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina paramparA kA yoga sAhitya atyadhika vistRta hai| mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne usa para jama kara likhA hai / Aja punaH yoga para Adhunika dRSTi se cintana hI nahIM, kintu jIvana meM apanAne kI AvazyakatA hai / yahA~ bahuta hI saMkSepa meM maiMne apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM / avakAza ke kSaNoM meM isa para vistAra se likhane kA vicAra hai|

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa lezyA jaina-darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / jaina darzana ke karma-siddhAnta ko samajhane meM lezyA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / isa virATa vizva meM pratyeka saMsArI AtmA meM pratipala pratikSaNa hone vAlI pravRtti se sUkSma karma pudgaloM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| jaba ve pudgala snigdhatA va rUkSatA ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha ekameka ho jAte haiM taba unheM jaina-darzana meM 'karma' kahA jAtA hai| lezyA eka prakAra kA paudgalika paryAvaraNa hai / jIva se pudgala aura pudgala se jIva prabhAvita hote haiM / jIva ko prabhAvita karane vAle pudgaloM ke aneka samUha haiM / unameM se eka samUha kA nAma lezyA hai / uttarAdhyayana kI bRhat vRtti meM lezyA kA artha ANavika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA aura chAyA kiyA hai| mUlArAdhanA meM zivArya ne likhA hai "lezyA chAyA pudgaloM se prabhAvita hone vAle jIva pariNAma haiN| prAcIna sAhitya meM zarIra ke varNa, ANavika AbhA aura usane prabhAvita hone vAle vicAra ina tInoM arthoM meM lezyA para vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / zarIra kA varNa aura ANakika AbhA ko dravyalezyA kahA jAtA hai aura vicAra ko bhAvalezyA / dravyalezyA pudgala hai| pudgala hone se vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke dvArA bhI unheM jAnA jA sakatA hai aura prANI meM yogapravRtti bRhad vRtti, patra 650 lezayati-zleSayatIvAtmani jananayanAnIti lezyA-atIva cakSurAkSepikA snigdhadIpta rUpA chaayaa| mUlArAdhanA 7/1607 jaha bAhiralessAo, kiNhAdIo havaMti pUrisassa / abbhantaralessAo, taha kiNhAdIya purisassa / / (ka) gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 464 vaNNodayeNa jaNido sarIravaNNo du davvado lessA / sA soDhA kiNhAdI aNeyabheyA sabheyeNa / / (kha) uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 536 / 4 uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 540 /

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58 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 se hone vAle bhAvoM ko bhI samajha sakate haiM / dravyalezyA ke pudgaloM para varNa kA prabhAva adhika hotA hai / ve pudgala karma, dravya-kaSAya, dravya-mana, dravya-bhASA ke pudgaloM se sthUla haiM / kintu audArika zarIra, vaikriya zarIra, zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha, Adi se sUkSma haiN| ye pudgala AtmA ke prayoga meM Ane vAle pudgala haiM ataH inheM prAyogika pudgala kahate haiM / yaha satya hai ki ye pudgala AtmA se nahIM ba~dhate haiM, kintu inake abhAva meM karmabandhana kI prakriyA bhI nahIM hotI / AtmA jisake sahayoga se karma meM lipta hotI hai, vaha lezyA hai / lezyA kA dhyApaka dRSTi se artha karanA cAheM to isa prakAra kara sakate haiM ki pudgala dravya ke saMyoga se hone vAle jIva ke pariNAma aura jIva ko vicAra-zakti ko prabhAvita karane vAle pudgala dravya aura saMsthAna ke hetubhUta varNa aura kAnti / bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva aura ajIva donoM kI Atma-pariNati ke lie lezyA zabda vyavahRta huA hai / jaise cUnA aura gobara se dIvAra kA lepana kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI AtmA puNya-pApa yA zubha aura azubha karmoM se lIpI jAtI hai arthAt jisake dvArA karma AtmA meM lipta ho jAte haiM vaha lezyA hai| digambara AcArya vIrasena ke zabdoM meM, 'AtmA aura karma kA sambandha karAne vAlI pravRtti lezyA hai| mithyAtva, avata, kaSAya, pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karmoM kA sambandha AtmA se hotA hai kyA ve hI lezyA haiM ? pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM kaSAyoM ke udaya se anuraMjita mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahA hai|' tattvArtha rAjavAtika meM akalaMka ne bhI usI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / sAra yaha hai ki kevala kaSAya aura yoga lezyA nahIM hai, kintu kaSAya aura yoga donoM hI usake kAraNa haiM / isalie lezyA kA antarbhAva na to yoga meM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na kaSAya meM / kyoMki ina donoM ke saMyoga se eka tIsarI avasthA samutpanna hotI hai jaise zarabata / kitane hI AcArya mAnate haiM ki lezyA meM kaSAya kI pradhAnatA nahIM apitu yoga kI pradhAnatA hotI hai kyoMki kevalI meM kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai, kintu yoga kI sattA rahatI hai, isalie usameM zukla lezyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM lezyA ke sambandha meM nirdeza, varNa, pariNAma, saMkrama, karma, lakSaNa, gati, svAmI, sAdhana, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva, alpa-bahutva prabhRti adhikAroM ke dvArA cintana kiyA hai| Agama sAhitya meM aTThAisa labdhiyoM kA varNana hai| unameM eka tejas-labdhi hai| tejo-lezyA / 1 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 486, pa0 saM0 (prA0) 1 / 142-3 / dhavalA 7, 2, 1, sU0 3, pR07|| sarvArthasiddhi 2/6, tattvArtharAjavArtika 2/6/8 / * tattvArtharAjavArtika 2, 6, 8, pR0 106 / 5 dhavalA 1, 1, 1, 4, pR0 146 /

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: eka vizleSaNa | 56 -ajIva hai / tejolezyA ke pudgaloM meM jisa prakAra lAla prabhA aura kAnti hotI hai vaisI hI kAnti tejas-labdhi ke prayoga karane vAle pudgaloM meM bhI hotI hai| isI dRSTi se tejas-labdhi ke sAtha lezyA zabda bhI prayukta huA ho / gaNadhara gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se jijJAsA prastuta kI-- bhagavan ! bANa ke jIvoM ko mArga meM jAte samaya kitanI kriyAe~ lagatI haiM ? usake hara eka avayava kI kitanI kriyAe~ hotI haiM ? uttara meM bhagavAna ne kahA- gautama, cAra-pAMca kriyAe~ hotI haiN| kyoMki mArga meM jAte samaya mArgavartI jIvoM ko vaha saMtrasta karatA hai / bANa ke prahAra se ve jIva atyanta sikur3a jAte haiM / prastuta santApakAraka sthiti meM jIva ko cAra kriyAe~ lagatI haiM, yadi prANAtipAta ho jAya to pA~ca kriyAe~ lagatI haiN| yahI sthiti tejolezyA kI bhI hai| usameM bhI cAra-pA~ca kriyAe~ lagatI haiM / aSTasparzI pudgala dravya mArgavartI jIvoM ko udvega na kare, yaha svAbhAvika hai / bhagavatI meM skandaka muni kA 'avahirlezya' yaha vizeSaNa hai jisakA artha hai unakI lezyA yAni manovRtti saMyama se bAhara nahIM hai / ' AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM zraddhA kA utkarSa pratipAdita karate hue manoyoga ke artha meM lezyA kA prayoga huA hai / ziSya guru kI dRSTi kA anugamana kre| unakI lezyA meM vicare arthAt unake vicAroM kA anugamana kre| 3 prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama, uttarAdhyayana, jambUdvIpaprajJapti Adi Agama sAhitya meM lezyA zabda kA prayoga varNa, prabhA aura raMga ke artha meM bhI huA hai / prajJApanA meM devoM ke divya prabhAva kA varNana karate hue dya uti, prabhA, jyoti, chAyA, aci aura lezyA zabda kA prayoga huA hai / isI prakAra nArakIya jIvoM ke azubha karmavipAkoM ke sambandha meM gautama ne jijJAsA prastuta kI-- kyA sabhI nArakIya jIva eka sadRza lezyA aura eka sadRza varNa vAle hote haiM yA asamAna ? samAdhAna karate hue bha0 mahAvIra ne kahA - sabhI jIva samAna lezyA aura samAna varNa vAle nahIM hote| jo jIva pahale naraka meM utpanna hue haiM ve pazcAt utpanna hone vAle jIvoM kI apekSA vizuddha varNa vAle aura lezyA vAle hote haiM / isakA kAraNa nArakIya jIvoM ke aprazasta varNa nAmakarma kI prakRti, tIvra anubhAga vAlI hotI hai jisakA vipAka bhava-sApekSya hai / jo jIva pahale utpanna hue haiM unhoMne bahuta sAre vipAka ko pA liyA hai, svalpa avazeSa hai / jo bAda meM utpanna hue haiM unheM adhika bhoganA hai / etadartha pUrvotpanna vizuddha haiM aura pazcA 1 tateNaM se usu uDDhaM behAsaM uvvihie samANe jAI tattha pANAI abhihaNaI datta lesseti / - bhaga0 2 / 5, u0 6.. * avihitlese- bhagavatI 2 - 2 ; u0- 1 / 8 AcArAMga a0 5 / prajJApanA, pada 2 / 4

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60 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 dutpanna avizuddha haiM / isI taraha jinhoMne aprazasta lezyA-dravyoM ko adhika mAtrA meM bhogA hai ve vizuddha haiM aura jinake adhika zeSa haiM ve avizuddha lezyA vAle haiN| hama pUrva likha cuke haiM ki lezyA ke do bheda haiM-dravya aura bhAva / dravyalezyA pudgala vizeSAtmaka hai / isake svarUpa ke sambandha meM mukhya rUpa se tIna mAnyatAe~ prApta haiM-karmavargaNAniSpanna, karmanisyanda aura yogapariNAma / uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke TIkAkAra zAMtisUri kA abhimata hai ki dravya-lezyA kA nirmANa karmavargaNA se hotA hai| yaha dravya-lezyA karmarUpa hai tathApi vaha ATha karmoM se pRthak hai, jaise ki kArmaNa zarIra / yadi lezyA ko karmavargaNA niSpanna na mAnA jAya to vaha karma-sthiti-vidhAyaka nahIM bana sakatI / karma-lezyA kA sambandha nAmakarma ke sAtha hai / usakA sambandha zarIra-racanA sambandhI pudgaloM se hai| usakI eka prakRti zarIra nAmakarma hai / zarIra nAmakarma ke pudgaloM kA eka samUha karma-lezyA hai / / dUsarI mAnyatA kI dRSTi se lezyA-dravya karmanisyanda rUpa hai / yahA~ para nisyanda rUpa kA tAtparya bahate hue karma-pravAha se hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM karma kI sattA hai, pravAha hai| kintu vahA~ para lezyA nahIM hai / vahAM para naye karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotaa| __ kaSAya aura yoga ye karma bandhana ke do mukhya kAraNa haiN| kaSAya hone para lezyA meM cAroM prakAra ke bandha hote haiM / prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha kA sambandha yoga se hai aura sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kA sambandha kaSAya se hai / jaba kaSAyajanya bandha hotA hai taba lezyAe~ karmasthiti vAlI hotI haiN| kevala yoga meM sthiti aura anubhAga nahIM hotA, jaise terahaveM guNasthAnavartI arihantoM ke Ipithika kriyA hotI hai, kintu sthiti, kAla aura anubhAga nahIM hotaa| jo do samaya kA kAla batAyA gayA hai vaha kAla vastutaH grahaNa karane kA aura utsarga kA kAla hai / vaha sthiti aura anubhAga kA kAla nahIM hai| tRtIya abhimatAnusAra lezyA-dravya yogavargaNA ke antargata svatantra dravya hai| binA yoga ke lezyA nahIM hotii| lezyA aura yoga meM paraspara anvaya aura vyatireka sambandha hai / lezyA ke yoga nimitta meM do vikalpa samutpanna hote haiM / kyA lezyA ko yogAntargata dravyarUpa mAnanA cAhie ? athavA yoganimitta karmadravya rUpa? yadi vaha lezyA dravyakarma rUpa hai to ghAtIkarma dravyarUpa hai yA aghAtI karma dravyarUpa hai ? lezyA ghAtIkarma dravyarUpa nahIM hai| kyoMki ghAtIkarma naSTa ho jAne para bhI lezyA hotI hai / yadi lezyA ko aghAtIkarma dravyasvarUpa mAne to aghAtI karmovAloM meM bhI sarvatra lezyA 1 prajJA0 pada, 17 TIkA0 pR0 333 / karma dravyalezyA iti sAmAnyA'bhidhAne'pi zarIra nAmakarma dravyANyeva karma dravyalezyA / kArmaNa zarIravat pRthageva karmASTakAt karma vargaNA niSpannAni karma lezyA dravyAnIti tattvaM punaH / -uttarA0 a0 34 TI0 pR0, 650

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 61 nahIM hai / caudahaveM guNasthAna meM aghAtIkarma hai, kintu vahA~ lezyA kA abhAva hai| isalie yoga dravya ke antargata hI dravya svarUpa lezyA mAnanA caahie| __ lezyA se kaSAyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai; kyoMki yogadravyoM meM kaSAya bar3hAne kA sAmarthya hai / prajJApanA kI TIkA meM AcArya ne likhA hai-karmoM ke dravya, vipAka hone vAle aura udaya meM Ane vAle donoM prayatnoM se prabhAvita hote haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva apanA kartRtva dikhAte haiM / jise pitta-vikAra ho usakA krodha bar3ha jAtA hai / brAhmI kA sevana jJAnAvaraNa ko kama karane meM sahAyaka hai| madirApAna se jJAnAvaraNa kA udaya hotA hai / dahI ke sevana se nidrA kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| nidrA jo darzanAvaraNa kA audayika phala hai / ataH spaSTa hai kaSAyodaya meM anuraMjita yoga pravRtti hI (lezyA) sthitipAka meM sahAyaka hotI hai / gommaTasAra meM AcArya nemicandra ne yoga-pariNAmasvarUpa lezyA kA varNana kiyA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM aura gommaTasAra ke karmakANDa khaNDa meM kaSAyodaya anuraMjita yoga pravRtti ko lezyA kahA hai| prastuta paribhASA ke anusAra dasaveM guNasthAna taka hI lezyA ho sakatI hai| prastuta paribhASA apekSAkRta hone se pUrva kI paribhASA se viruddha nahIM hai / aba hama saMkSepa meM tInoM paribhASAoM ke ke sambandha meM cintana kreNge| prathama karmavargaNAniSpanna lezyA ko mAnane vAlI eka paramparA thI, kintu usa para vistAra ke sAtha likhA huA sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| dvitIya karmanisyanda lezyA mAnane vAle AcAryoM ne yoga-pariNAma lezyA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki lezyA yoga-pariNAma nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki karmabandha ke do kAraNoM meM se yoga ke dvArA prakRti aura pradeza kA hI bandha ho sakatA hai, sthiti aura anubhAga kA bandha nahIM ho sktaa| jabaki Agama sAhitya meM sthiti kA lezyAkAla pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa paribhASA kI mAnane se ghaTa 1 prajJApanA0 17 TIkA, pR0 330 / 2 ayadotti cha lessAo sahatiyalessA du desavirada tiye / tatto sukkAlessA, ajogiThANaM alessaM tu // -gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, 531 3 bhAvalezyA kaSAyodayaraMjitAyoga pravRttiriti kRtyA audayikItyucyate / -sarvArthasiddhi a0 2, sU0 2 * joga pauttI lessA kasAya udayANu raMjiyA hoi / tatte doNNaM kajjaM bandha cautthaM samuddiTaThaM // --jIvakANDa, 486

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62 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 nahIM skegaa| ataH karmanisyanda lezyA mAnanA hI tarkasaMgata haiM / jahA~ para lezyA ke sthitikAla kA bandhana hotA hai vahA~ para cAroM kA bandha hogaa| jahA~ para kaSAya kA abhAva hai vahA~ para yoga ke dvArA do kA hI bandhana hogaa| upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha AtmAoM meM karma-pravAha prArambha hai, vahA~ para lezyA bhI hai, tathApi sthiti kA bandha nahIM hotA hai / prazna hai-samucchinna zukladhyAna ko dhyAte hue caudahaveM guNasthAna meM cAra karma vidyamAna haiM tathApi vahA~ para lezyA nahIM hai / uttara hai-jo AtmAe~ karma yukta haiM una sabhI ke karma-pravAha cAlU hI raheM, aisA niyama nahIM hai| yadi isa prakAra mAnA jAyegA to yoga pariNAma lezyA kA artha hogA yoga hI lezyA hai; kintu isa prakAra nahIM hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sUrya ke binA kiraNeM nahIM hotI; kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki kiraNeM hI sUrya haiM / tAtparya yaha hai bahatA huA jo karma-pravAha hai vahI lezyA kA upAdAna kAraNa hai / / __tRtIya yoga-pariNAma lezyA karmanisyanda svabhAvayukta nahIM hai / yadi isa prakAra mAnA jAyagA to IryApathika mArga sthiti-bandha binA kAraNa kA hogaa| Agama sAhitya meM dI samaya sthiti vAle antarmuhUrta kAla ko bhI nirdhArita kAla mAnA hai| ataH sthitibandha kA kAraNa kaSAya nahIM apitu lezyA hai / jahA~ para kaSAya rahatA hai vahA~ para tIva bandhana hotA hai / sthitibandha kI paripakvatA kaSAya se hotI hai / ataH karma-pravAha ko lezyA mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| karmoM ke karma-sAra aura karma-asAra ye do rUpa haiM / prazna hai - karmoM ke asArabhAva ko nisyanda mAnate haiM to asAra karma prakRti se lezyA ke utkRSTa anubhAgabandha kA kAraNa kisa prakAra hogA? aura yadi karmoM ke sAra-bhAva ko nisyanda kaheMge to ATha karmoM meM se kisa karma ke sAra-bhAva ko kaheM ? yadi AThoM hI karmoM kA mAnA jAya to jahA~ para karmoM ke vipAka kA varNana hai vahA~ para kisI bhI karma kA lezyA ke rUpa meM vipAka kA pratipAdana nahIM huA hai / etadartha yoga-pariNAma ko hI lezyA mAnanA caahie| upAdhyAya vinayavijayajI ne loka-prakAza meM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| 1 (ka) uttarAdhyayana a0 34-TI0 pR0 650 / (kha) prajJApanA 17 pR0, 331 / uttarAdhyayana, a0 34, pR0 650 / na lezyA sthiti hetavaH kintu kaSAyAH lezyAstu kaSAyodayAntargatAH anubhAga hetava ataeva ca sthitipAka vizeSastasya bhavati lezyA vizeSeNa / -uttarA0 34, pR0 650 (kha) prajJA0 17, pR0 331 / + lesANAM niklevo ca ukkao duviho u hoi nAyavvo-534 /

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 63 bhAvalezyA AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa hai, jo saMkleza aura yoga ke anugata hai| saMkleza ke jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa; tIvra, tIvratara, tIvratama; manda, mandatara, mandatama Adi vividha bheda hone se bhAva-lezyA ke aneka prakAra haiM, tathApi saMkSepa meM use cha: bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / arthAt, mana ke pariNAma zuddha aura azuddha donoM hI prakAra ke hote haiM aura unake nimitta bhI zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra ke hote haiM / nimitta apanA prabhAva dikhAtA hai jisase mana ke pariNAma usase prabhAvita hote haiM / donoM kA pArasparika sambandha hai / nimitta ko dravyalezyA aura mana ke pariNAma ko bhAvalezyA kahA hai / jo pudgala nimitta banate haiM, unameM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza sabhI hote haiM tathApi unakA nAmakaraNa varNa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / sambhava hai gandha, rasa aura sparza kI apekSA varNa mAnava ko adhika prabhAvita karatA ho / kRSNa, nIla aura kapota ye tIna raMga azubha haiM aura ina raMgoM se prabhAvita hone vAlI lezyAe~ bhI azubha mAnI gayI haiM aura unheM adharma-lezyAeM kahA gayA hai| tejas, padma aura zukla ye tIna varNa zubha hai aura unase prabhAvita hone vAlI lezyAe~ bhI zubha haiM / isalie tIna lezyAoM ko dharma-lezyA kahA hai / ____ azuddhi aura zuddhi kI dRSTi se chaH lezyAoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA kiyA hai(1) kRSNalezyA azuddhatama (2) nIlalezyA azuddhatara kliSTatara (3) kApotalezyA azuddha kliSTa (4) tejaslezyA akliSTa (5) padmalezyA zuddhatara akliSTatara (6) zuklalezyA zuddhatama akliSTatama prastuta azuddhi aura zuddhi kA AdhAra kevala nimitta hI nahIM apitu nimitta aura upAdAna donoM haiM / azuddhi kA upAdAna kaSAya kI tIvratA hai aura usake nimitta kRSNa, nIla, kApota raMgavAle pudgala haiM aura zuddhi kA upAdAna kaSAya kI mandatA hai aura usake nimitta rakta, pIta aura zveta raMga vAle pudgala haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM lezyA kA nAma, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa, sthAna, sthiti, gati aura Ayu ina gyAraha prakAra se lezyA para cintana kiyA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika meM lezyA para (1) nirdeza, (2) varNa, (3) pariNAma, (4) saMkrama, (5) karma, (6) lakSaNa, (7) gati, (8) svAmitva, kliSTatama 1 uttarAdhyayana, 34156 / 1- uttarAdhyayana 34157 / 3 uttarAdhyayana 34 / 3 / - tattvArtharAjavArtika 16, pR0 238 /

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64 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 (e) sAdhanA, (10) saMkhyA, (11) kSetra, (12) sparzana, (13) kAla, (14) antara, (15) bhAva, (16) alpa - bahutva ina solaha prakAroM se cintana kiyA hai / jitane bhI sthUla paramANu skandha haiM ve sabhI prakAra ke raMgoM aura uparaMgoM vAle hote haiN| mAnava kA zarIra sthUla skandha vAlA hai / ataH usameM sabhI raMga haiN| raMga hone se vaha bAhya raMgoM se prabhAvita hotA hai aura usakA prabhAva mAnava ke mAnasa para bhI par3atA hai / etadarthaM hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabhI prANiyoM ke prabhAva va zakti kI dRSTi se zarIra aura vicAroM ko chaH bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai aura vahI zyA hai / 1 DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne likhA hai- jainoM ke lezyAoM ke siddhAnta meM tathA gozAlaka ke mAnavoM ko chaH vibhAgoM meM vibhakta karane vAle siddhAnta meM samAnatA hai| isa bAta ko sarvaprathama prophesara lyUmena ne pakar3A para isa sambandha meM merA vizvAsa hai jainoM ne yaha siddhAnta AjIvikoM se liyA aura use parivartita kara apane siddhAntoM ke sAtha samanvita kara diyA 11 pro0 lyUmena tathA DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne mAnavoM kA chaH prakAra kA vibhAjana gozAlaka dvArA mAnA hai, para aMguttaranikAya se spaSTa hotA hai ki prastuta vibhAjana gozAlaka dvArA nahIM apitu pUraNakazyapa ke dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| dIghanikAya meM chaha tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha hai, unameM pUraNakazyapa bhI eka haiM jinhoMne raMgoM ke AdhAra para chaH abhijAtiyA~ nizcita kI thIM / ve isa prakAra haiM (1) kRSNAbhijAti - krUra karma karane vAle sokarika, zAkunika prabhRti jIvoM kA samUha / (2) nIlAbhijAti - bauddha zramaNa aura kucha anya karmavAdI, kriyAvAdI bhikSuoM kA samUha / (3) lohitAbhijAti - eka zATaka nirgranthoM kA samUha / (4) haridrAbhijAti - zveta vastradhArI yA nirvastra / (5) zuklAbhijAti - AjIvaka zravaNa zramaNiyoM kA samUha / (6) parama zuklAbhijAti - AjIvaka AcArya, nanda, vatsa, kRSa, sAMskRtya, maskarI gozAlaka prabhRti kA samUha 11 Ananda kI jijJAsA para tathAgata buddha ne kahA- ye cha: abhijAtiyA~ avyakta vyakti dvArA kiyA huA pratipAdana hai / prastuta vargIkaraNa kA mUla AdhAra acelatA 1 Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, Introduction, p. XXX. 2 aMguttaranikAya 6-6-3 bhAga 3, pR0 63 / 3 dIghanikAya 1/2, pR0 16, 20 / aMguttaranikAya 6 | 6 | 3, bhAga 3, pR0 35, 63-64 / 4

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 65 hai / vastra kama karanA aura vastroM kA pUrNa tyAga kara denA abhijAtiyoM kI zreSThatA va jyeSThatA kA kAraNa haiM / apane pradhAna ziThya Ananda se tathAgata buddha ne kahA- maiM bhI chaH abhijAtiyoM kA pratipAdana karatA hU~ / (1) koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika ( nIca kula meM paidA huA) hoM aura kRSNa dharma (pApakRtya) karatA hai (2) koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika ho aura zukladharma karatA hai / (3) koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika ho aura akRSNa -azukla nirvANa ko samutpanna karatA hai / (4) koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ( ucca kula meM samutpanna huA ) ho tathA zukladharma (puNya) karatA hai / (5) koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ho aura kRSNa dharma karatA hai / (6) koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ho aura azukla -- akRSNa nirvANa ko samutpanna karatA hai / 1 prastuta vargIkaraNa janma aura karma ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM cANDAla, niSAda Adi jAtiyoM ko zukla kahA hai / kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika jo duzcaraNa haiM ve kRSNadharma haiM aura unakA jo zreSTha AcaraNa hai vaha zukladharma hai / para nirvANa na kRSNa hai, na zukla hai| isa vargIkaraNa kA uddezya hai nIca jAti meM samutpanna vyakti bhI zukladharma kara sakatA hai aura uccakula meM utpanna vyakti bhI kRSNadharma karatA hai / dharma aura nirvANa kA sambandha jAti se nahIM hai / 1 prastuta vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pUraNakazyapa aura tathAgata buddha ne chaH abhijAtiyoM kA jo vargIkaraNa kiyA hai usakA sambandha lezyA ke sAtha nahIM hai / zyAoM kA jo sambandha hai vaha eka-eka vyakti se hai / vicAroM ko prabhAvita karane vAlI lezyAe~ eka vyakti ke jIvana meM samaya ke anusAra chaH bhI ho sakatI hai / cha: abhijAtiyoM kI apekSA lezyA kA jo vargIkaraNa hai vaha vargIkaraNa mahAbhArata se adhika milatA-julatA hai| eka bAra sanatkumAra ne dAnavoM ke adhipati vRtrAsura se kahA - prANiyoM ke chaH prakAra ke varNa haiM - (1) kRSNa, (2) dhUmra, (3) nIla, (4) rakta, (5) hAridra aura (6) zukla / kRSNa, dhUmra aura nIla varNa kA sukha 1 (ka) aMguttaranikAya 6 / 6 / 3, bhAga 2, pR0 63-64 / (kha) dIghanikAya, 3|10, pR0 225 /

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66 | cintana ke vividha AyAma khaNDa 1 madhyama hotA hai / rakta varNaM adhika sahana karane yogya hotA hai| hAridra varNa sukhakara hotA hai aura zukla varNa usase bhI adhika sukhakara hotA hai / 2 mahAbhArata meM kahA hai - kRSNa varNa vAle kI gati nIca hotI hai| jina nikRSTa karmoM se jIva naraka meM jAtA hai vaha una karmoM meM satata Asakta rahatA hai / jo jIva naraka se nikalate haiM unakA varNa dhUmra hotA hai jo raMga pazu-pakSI jAti kA hai / mAnava jAti kA raMga nIlA hai / devoM kA raMga rakta hai - ve dUsaroM para anugraha karate haiM / jo viziSTa deva hote haiM unakA raMga hAridra hai| jo mahAna sAdhaka haiM unakA varNa zukla hai / " anyatra mahAbhArata meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki duSkarma karane vAlA mAnava varNa se paribhraSTa ho jAtA hai aura puNya karma karane vAlA mAnava varNa ke utkarSa ko prApta karatA hai / " 1 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hama cintana kareM to sahaja hI parijJAta hotA hai ki jaina dRSTi kA lezyA - nirUpaNa aura mahAbhArata kA varNa - vizleSaNa - ye donoM bahuta kucha samAnatA ko liye hue haiM / tathApi yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jainadarzana ne yaha varNana mahAbhArata se liyA hai / kyoMki anya darzanoM ne bhI raMga ke prabhAva kI carcA kI kI hai / para jainAcAryoM ne isa sambandha meM jitanA gaharA cintana kiyA hai utanA anya darzanoM ne nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne to kevala isakA varNana prAsaMgika rUpa se hI kiyA hai / ataH DaoN0 harmana jekobI kA yaha mAnanA ki lezyA kA varNana jainiyoM ne anya paramparAoM se liyA hai, tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / kurukSetra ke maidAna meM zrIkRSNa ne gati ke kRSNa aura zukla ye do vibhAga kiye / kRSNa gati vAlA punaH-punaH janma-maraNa grahaNa karatA hai, zukla gativAlA janma aura maraNa se mukta ho jAtA hai / 4 dhammapada' meM dharma ke do vibhAga kiye haiM- kRSNa aura zukla / paNDita mAnava ko kRSNadharma kA parityAga kara zukladharma kA pAlana karanA cAhie / maharSi pataMjali ne karma kI dRSTi se cAra jAtiyA~ pratipAdita kI haiM - ( 1 ) kRSNa ( 2 ) zukla kRSNa (3) zukla (4) azukla akRSNa, jo kramaza: azuddhatara, azuddha, 1 SaD jIvavarNA paramaM pramANaM, kRSNo dhUmro nIlamathAsya madhyam / raktaM punaH sahyataraM sukhaM tu hAridravarNaM susukhaM ca zuklam / / - mahAbhArata, 2 mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva 280 / 34-47 / 3 mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva 261 / 4 - 5 / 4 zukla kRSNe gatI hyate, jagataH zAzvato mate / ekayA yAtyanAvRttimanyayA'vatate punaH // 5 dhammapada, paMDitavagga, zloka 16 / zAMtiparva 280 / 33 - gItA 826

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 67 zuddha aura zuddhatara haiM / tIna karmajAtiyAM sabhI jIvoM meM hotI haiM, kintu cauthI azuklaakRSNa jAti yogI meM hotI hai| prastuta sUtra para bhASya karate hue likhA hai ki unakA karma kRSNa hotA hai jinakA citta doSa-kulaSita yA krUra hai / pIr3A aura anugraha donoM vidhAoM se mizrita karma zukla-kRSNa kahalAtA hai / yaha bAhya sAdhanoM se sAdhya hote haiM / tapa, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM nirata vyaktiyoM ke karma kevala mana ke adhIna hote haiM unameM bAhya sAdhanoM kI kisI bhI prakAra kI apekSA nahIM hotI aura na kisI ko pIr3A dI jAtI hai, etadartha yaha karma zukla kahA jAtA hai / jo puNya ke phala kI bhI AkAMkSA nahIM karate una kSINa-kleza caramadeha yogiyoM ke azukla-akRSNa karma hotA hai| prakRti kA vizleSaNa karate hue use zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM lohit, zukla aura kRSNa raMga kA batAyA gayA hai| sAMkhya kaumudI meM kahA gayA hai jaba rajoguNa ke dvArA mana moha se raMga jAtA hai taba vaha lohita hai, sattvaguNa se mana kA maila miTa jAtA hai, ataH vaha zukla hai / ziva svarodaya meM likhA hai--vibhinna prakAra ke tattvoM ke vibhinna varNa hote haiM jina varSoM se prANI prabhAvita hotA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki mUla meM prANatattva eka hai / aNuoM kI kamI-bezI, kampana yA vega se usake pAMca vibhAga kiye gaye haiM jaise dekhienAma vega raMga AkAra rasa yA svAda (1) pRthvI alpatara pIlA catuSkoNa madhura (2) jala alpa sapheda yA baiMganI arddhacandrAkAra kasailA (3) tejas tIvra lAla trikoNa caraparA (4) vAyu tIvratara nIlA yA AsamAnI gola khaTTA (5) AkAza tIvratama kAlA yA nIlAbha aneka bindu gola kar3avA (sarvavarNaka mizrita raMga) yA AkArazUnya jainAcAryoM ne lezyA para gaharA cintana kiyA hai| unhoMne varNa ke sAtha AtmA ke bhAvoM kA bhI samanvaya kiyA hai / dravyalezyA paudgalika hai / ataH Adhunika vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI lezyA para cintana kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1 pAtaJjala yogasUtra 417 / / ajAmekAM lohita zuklakRSNAM bahavI: prajA sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajo hya ko juSamANo'nuzete, jahAtthenAM bhukta bhogAmajo'nyaH / / --- zvetAzvatara upaniSada, 415 3 sAMkhya kaumudI, pR0 200 / - ApaH zvetA kSitiH pItA, raktavarNo hutAzanaH / mAruto nIlajIbhUtaH, AkAzaH sarvavarNakaH / / -zivasvarodaya, bhASA TIkA, zlo0 156, pR0 42

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68 cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNa 1 lezyA : manovijJAna aura padArthavijJAna mAnava kA zarIra, indriyA~ aura mana ye sabhI pudgala se nirmita haiM / pudgala meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza hone se vaha rUpI hai / jaina sAhitya meM varNa ke pAMca prakAra batAye haiM- kAlA, pIlA, nIlA, lAla aura sapheda / Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se sapheda raMga maulika nahIM hai / vaha sAta raMgoM ke milane para banatA hai / unhoMne raMgoM ke sAta prakAra batAye haiM / yaha satya hai ki raMgoM kA prANI ke jIvana ke sAtha bahuta hI gaharA sambandha hai / vaijJAnikoM meM bhI parIkSaNa kara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki raMgoM kA prakRti para, zarIra para aura mana para prabhAva par3atA hai| jaise lAla, nAraMgI, gulAbI, bAdAmI raMgoM se mAnava kI prakRti meM USmA bar3hatI hai| pIle raMga se bhI USmA bar3hatI hai, kintu pUrvApekSayA kama / nIle, AsamAnI raMga se prakRti meM zItalatA kA saMcAra hotA hai / hare raMga se na adhika USmA bar3hatI hai aura na adhika zItalatA kA hI saMcAra hotA hai, apitu zItoSNa sama rahatA hai / sapheda raMga se prakRti sadA sama rahatI hai| raMgoM kA zarIra para bhI adbhuta prabhAva par3atA hai / lAla raMga se snAyu maNDala meM sphUrti kA saMcAra hotA hai / nIle raMga se snAyavika durbalatA naSTa hotI hai, dhAtukSaya sambandhI roga miTa jAte haiM tathA hRdaya aura mastiSka meM zakti kI abhivRddhi hotI hai / pIle raMga se mastiSka kI durbalatA naSTa hokara usameM zakti-saMcAra hotA hai, kabja, yakRta, plIhA ke roga miTa jAte haiM / hare raMga se jJAna-tantu va snAyu maNDala sudRr3ha hote haiM tathA dhAtu kSaya sambandhI roga naSTa ho jAte haiM / gahare nIle raMga se AmAzaya sambandhI roga miTate haiM / sapheda raMga se nIMda gaharI AtI hai / nAraMgI raMga se vAyu sambandhI vyAdhiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura damA kI vyAdhi bhI zAnti ho jAtI hai / baiMganI raMga se zarIra kA tApamAna kama ho jAtA hai| prakRti aura zarIra para hI nahIM, kintu mana para bhI raMgoM kA prabhAva par3atA hai / jaise, kAle raMga se mana meM asaMyama, hiMsA evaM krUratA ke vicAra laharAne lgeNge| nIle raMga se mana meM IrSyA, asahiSNutA, rasa-lolupatA evaM viSayoM ke prati Asakti va AkarSaNa utpanna hotA hai / kApota raMga se mana meM vakratA, kuTilatA aMgaDAiyA~ lene lagatI haiM / aruNa raMga se mana meM RjutA, vinamratA evaM dharma-prema kI pavitra bhAvanAeM paidA hotI hai / pIle raMga se mana meM krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha Adi kaSAya naSTa hote haiM aura sAdhaka ke mana meM indriya vijaya ke bhAva taraMgita hote haiM / sapheda raMga se mana meM apUrva zAnti tathA jitendriyatA ke nirmala bhAvoM kA saMcAra hotA hai / ____ anya dRSTi se bhI raMgoM kA mAnasika vicAroM para jo prabhAva hotA hai usakA vargIkaraNa cintakoM ne anya rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai, yadyapi vaha dvitIya vargIkaraNa se kucha pRthakatA liye hue hai / jaise, AsamAnI raMga se bhakti sambandhI bhAvanAe~ jAgrata hotI haiM / lAla raMga se kAma vAsanAe~ udbuddha hotI haiM / pIle raMga se tArkika zakti kI

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 66 abhivRddhi hotI haiM / gulAbI raMga se prema viSayaka bhAvanAe~ jAgrata hotI haiM / hare raMga se mana meM svArtha kI bhAvanAeM panapatI haiM / lAla va kAle raMga kA mizraNa hone para mana meM krodha bhar3akatA hai| ___jaba hama ina donoM prakAra ke raMgoM ke vargIkaraNa para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana karate haiM to aisA jJAta hotA hai ki pratyeka raMga prazasta aura azaprasta do prakAra kA hai / kahIM para lAla, pIle aura sapheda raMga acche vicAroM ko utpanna nahIM karate isalie ve aprazasta va azubha haiM aura kahIM para ve acche vicAroM ko utpanna karate haiM, ataH ve prazasta va zubha haiM / krodha se agni tattva pradIpta ho jAtA hai, usakA varNa lAla mAnA gayA hai / moha se jala-tattva kI abhivRddhi ho jAtI hai, usakA varNa sapheda yA baiMganI mAnA gayA hai / bhaya se pRthvI-tattva pradhAna ho jAtA hai, isakA varNa pIlA hai / lezyAoM ke varNana meM bhI krodha, moha, aura bhaya Adi antar meM rahe hue haiM aura unakA mAnasa para asara hotA hai| kahIM para zyAma raMga ko bhI prazasta mAnA hai, jaise-namaskAra mahAmantra ke padoM ke sAtha jo raMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai usameM 'namo loe savvasAhUNaM' kA varNa kRSNa batAyA hai / sAdhu ke sAtha jo kRSNa varNa kI yojanA kI gayI hai vaha kRSNalezyA jo nikRSTatama cittavRtti ko samutpanna karane kA hetu aprazasta kRSNa varNa hai usase pRthaka hai, kRSNalezyA kA jo kRSNavarNa hai usase sAdhu kA jo kRSNa varNa hai vaha bhinna hai aura prazasta hai| pAzcAtya dezoM meM vaijJAnika raMgoM ke sambandha meM gambhIra adhyayana kara rahe haiN| kalara thirepI raMga ke AdhAra para samutpanna huI hai| raMga se mAnava ke citta va zarIra kI bhI cikitsA prArambha huI hai jisake pariNAma bhI bahuta hI zreSTha Aye haiM / 1 / / Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgeM bahuta hI sUkSma haiM / ve virATa vizva meM gati kara rahI haiM / vaijJAnikoM ne vidyuta cumbakIya spekTrama kA sAmAnya rUpa se vibhAjana isa prakAra se kiyA hai : reDiyo taraMgeM | sUkSma taraMgeM | avarakta eksa-re dRzyamAna parA baiMganI || gAmA kiraNeM 106102 1 10-2 10-4 taraMga dairghya __prastuta cArTa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vizva meM jitanI bhI vikiraNeM haiM una vikiraNoM kI tulanA meM jo dikhAyI detI haiM una vikiraNoM kA sthAna nahIM-jaisA hai| para una vikiraNoM kA sthAna bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai jo vikiraNe dRSTigocara hotI haiM / 1 dekhie --- 'aNu aura AbhA' le0 pro0 je0 sI0 TrasTa /

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70 cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 tripArzva ke mAdhyama se unake sAta varNa dekha sakate haiM / jaise baiganI, nIlA, AkAzasadRza nIlA, harA, pIlA, nAraMgI aura lAla / ina vikiraNoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa vizepatA yaha hai ki kramaza: ina raMgoM meM AvRtti (Frequency) kama hotI hai aura taraMgadairghya (wave-length) meM abhivRddhi hotI hai / baiMganI raMga ke pIche kI vikiraNoM ko aparA baiMganI (ultra-violet) aura lAla raMga ke Age kI vikiraNeM avarakta kahI jAtI haiM / prastuta vargIkaraNa meM varNa kI mukhyatA hai| kintu jitanI vikiraNeM haiM unakA lakSaNa, AvRtti aura taraMgadairghya hai| vijJAna ke Aloka meM jaba hama lezyA para cintana karate haiM to sUrya ke prakAza kI bhAMti yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki chaH lezyAoM ke varNa aura dRSTigocara hone vAle spekTrama (varNa-paTa) ke raMgoM kI tulanA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai-- dikhAyI diyA jAne vAlA spekTrama lezyA 1. aparA baiMganI se baiMganI taka kRSNalezyA 2. nIlA nIlalezyA 3. AkAza sadRza nIlA kApotalezyA 4. pIlA tejolezyA 5. lAla padmalezyA 6. avarakta tathA Age kI vikiraNeM zuklalezyA DaoN0 mahAvIra rAja gelaDA ne 'lezyA : eka vivecana' zIrSaka lekha meM jo cArTa diyA hai usameM unhoMne sapta varNa ke sthAna para pAMca hI varNa liye haiM harA va nAraMgI ye do varNa chor3a diye haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM tejolezyA kA raMga hiMgula kI taraha rakta likhA hai aura padma lezyA kA raMga haritAla kI taraha pIta likhA hai / kintu DaoN0 gelaDA ne tejolezyA ko pIle varNa vAlI aura padma lezyA ko lAla varNa vAlI mAnA hai, vaha Agama kI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai| lAla ke bAda AgamakAra ne pIta kA ullekha kyoM kiyA hai isa sambandha meM hama Age kI paMktiyoM meM vicAra kreNge| tIna jo prArambhika vikiraNeM haiM, ve laghutaraMga vAlI aura punaH-punaH AvRtti vAlI hotI haiM / isI taraha kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyAe~ tIvra karma bandhana meM sahayogI va prANI ko bhautika padArthoM meM lipta rakhatI haiM / ye lezyAe~ AtmA ke pratikUla haiM, ataH inheM Agama sAhitya meM azubha va adharma lezyAe~ kahA gayA hai aura inase tIvra karma bandhana hotA hai| usake pazcAt kI vikiraNoM kI taraMgeM adhika lambI hotI haiM aura unameM AvRtti kama hotI hai| isI taraha tejo, padma va zukla lezyAeM tIvra karma bandhana nahIM karatIM / inameM vicAra, zubha aura zubhatara hote cale jAte haiM / ina tIna lezyA vAle 1 dekhie- pUjya pravartaka zrI aMbAlAla jI ma0 abhinandana grantha, pR0 252 /

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arat : eka vizleSaNa | 71 jIvoM meM kramaza: adhika nirmalatA AtI hai| isalie ye tIna lezyAe~ zubha haiM aura inheM dharma lezyAe~ kahA hai / uparyukta paMktiyoM meM hamane jo vikiraNoM ke sAtha tulanA kI hai vaha sthUla rUpa se hai / tathApi itanA spaSTa hai ki lezyA ke lakSaNoM meM varNa kI pradhAnatA hai / vikiraNoM meM AvRtti aura taraMga kI lambAI hotI hai / vicAroM meM jitane adhika saMkalpavikalpa ke dvArA Avarta hoMge ve utane hI adhika AtmA ke lie ahitakara hoMge / etadartha dhyAna aura upayoga va sAdhanA ke dvArA vicAroM ko sthira karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai / hama pUrva hI batA cuke haiM ki lezyAoM kA vibhAjana raMga ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka vyakti ke cehare ke AsapAsa eka prabhAmaNDala vinirmita hotA hai jise 'orA' kahate haiM / vaijJAnikoM ne isa prakAra ke kaimare nirmANa kiye haiM jinameM prabhAmaNDala ke citra bhI liye jA sakate haiM / prabhAmaNDala ke citra se usa vyakti ke antamanasa meM cala rahe vicAroM kA sahaja patA laga sakatA hai| yadi kisI vyakti ke AsapAsa kRSNa AbhA hai phira bhale hI vaha vyakti lacchedAra bhASA meM dhArmika dArzanika carcA kare tathApi kAle raMga kI vaha prabhA usake citta kI kAlimA kI spaSTa sUcanA detI hai | bhagavAna mahAvIra, tathAgata buddha, maryAdA puruSottama rAma, karmayogI zrIkRSNa, premamUrti krAisTa Adi vizva ke jitane bhI viziSTa mahApuruSa haiM unake ceharoM ke Asa-pAsa citroM meM prabhAmaNDala banAye hue dikhAI dete haiM jo unakI zubhra AbhA ko prakaTa karate haiM / unake hRdaya kI nirmalatA aura agAdha sneha ko prakaTa karate haiM / jina vyaktiyoM ke Asa-pAsa kAlA prabhAmaNDala hai unake, antarmAnasa meM bhayaMkara durguNoM kA sAmrAjya hotA hai / krodha kI AMdhI se unakA mAnasa sadA vikSubdha rahatA hai, mAna ke sarpa phUtkAreM mArate rahate haiM, mAyA aura lobha ke bavaNDara uThate rahate haiM / vaha svayaM kaSTa sahana karake bhI dUsare vyaktiyoM ko duHkhI banAnA cAhatA hai / vaidika sAhitya meM mRtyu ke sAkSAt devatA yama kA raMga kAlA hai, kyoMki yama sadA yahI cintana karatA rahatA hai kaba koI mare aura maiM use le AU~ / kRSNa varNa para anya kisI bhI raMga kA prabhAva nahIM hotA | vaise hI kRSNalezyA vAle jIvoM para bhI kisI bhI mahApuruSa ke vacanoM kA prabhAva nahIM par3atA / sUrya kI camacamAtI kiraNeM jaba kAle vastra para giratI haiM to koI bhI kiraNa punaH nahIM lauTatI / kAle vastra meM sabhI kiraNeM DUba jAtI haiM / jo vyakti jitanA adhika durguNoM kA bhaNDAra hogA usakA prabhAmaNDala utanA hI adhika kAlA hogA / yaha kAlA prabhAmaNDala kRSNalezyA kA spaSTa pratIka hai / dvitIya lezyA kA nAma nIlalezyA hai / vaha kRSNalezyA se zreSTha hai / usameM kAlApana kucha halakA ho jAtA hai / nIlalezyA vAlA vyakti svArthI hotA hai / usameM 1 uttarAdhyayana 34 / 21-22 /

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72 cintana ke vividha mAyAma : khaNDa 1 IrSyA, kadAgraha, avidyA, nirlajjatA, pradveSa, pramAda, rasalolupatA, prakRti kI kSudratA aura binA vicAre kArya karane kI pravRtti hotI hai / Adhunika bhASA meM hama use selphiza kaha sakate haiM / yadi use kisI kArya meM lAbha hotA ho to vaha anya vyakti ko hAni pahu~cAne meM saMkoca nahIM krtaa| kintu kRSNa-lezyA kI apekSA usake vicAra kucha prazasta hote haiN| tIsarI lezyA kA nAma kApota hai jo alasI puSpa kI taraha maTamailA athavA kabUtara ke kaNTha ke raMgavAlA hotA hai / kApotalezyA meM nIlA raMga phIkA ho jAtA hai| kApotalezyA vAle vyakti kI vANI va AcaraNa meM vakratA hotI hai| vaha apane duguNoM ko chipAkara sadguNoM ko prakaTa karatA hai / nIlalezyA se usake bhAva kucha adhika vizuddha hote haiM / etadartha hI adharmalezyA hone para bhI vaha dharmalezyA ke sannikaTa hai| caturtha lezyA kA raMga zAstrakAroM ne lAla pratipAdita kiyA hai| lAla raMga sAmyavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se krAMti kA pratIka hai / tIna adharmalezyAoM se nikalakara jaba vaha dharmalezyA meM praviSTa hotA hai taba yaha eka prakAra se krAMti hI hai ataH ise dharmalezyA meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMnyAsiyoM ko gairika arthAt lAla raMga ke vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| hamArI dRSTi se unhoMne jo yaha raMga cunA hai vaha jIvana meM krAMti karane kI dRSTi se hI cunA hogaa| jaba sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM krAMti kI bhAvanA ubuddha hotI hai to usake zarIra kA prabhAmaNDala lAla hotA hai aura vastra bhI lAla hone se ve AbhAmaNDala ke sAtha ghulamila jAte haiM / jaba jIvana meM lAla raMga prakaTa hotA hai taba usake svArtha kA raMga naSTa ho jAtA hai| tejolezyA vAle vyakti kA svabhAva namra va acapala hotA hai| vaha jitendriya, tapasvI, pApabhIru aura mukti kI anveSaNA karane vAlA hotA hai / saMnyAsI kA artha bhI yahI hai| usameM mahattvAkAMkSA nahIM hotii| usake jIvana kA raMga uSAkAla ke sUrya kI taraha hotA hai / usake cahare para sAdhanA kI lAlI aura sUrya ke udaya kI taraha usameM tAjagI hotI hai| paMcama lezyA kA nAma padma hai / lAla ke bAda padma arthAt pIle raMga kA varNana hai| prAtaHkAla kA sUrya jyoM-jyoM Upara uThatA hai usameM lAlimA kama hotI jAtI hai aura sone kI taraha pIta raMga prasphuTita hotA hai| lAla raMga meM uttejanA ho sakatI hai para pIle raMga meM koI uttejanA nahIM hai / padmalezyA vAle sAdhaka ke jIvana meM krodha-mAnamAyA-moha kI alpatA hotI hai| citta prazAMta hotA hai / jitendriya aura alpabhASI 1 1 3 uttarAdhyayana 34 / 22-24 / vahI 34 / 25-26 / vahI 34 / 27-28 /

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 73 hone se vaha dhyAna-sAdhanA sahaja rUpa se kara sakatA hai / 1 pIta raMga dhyAna kI avasthA kA pratIka hai| etadartha hI bauddha saMnyAsiyoM ke vastra kA raMga pIlA hai / vaidika paramparAoM ke saMnyAsiyoM ke vastra kA raMga lAla hai jo krAMti kA pratIka hai aura bauddha bhikSuoM ke vastra kA raMga pIlA hai vaha dhyAna kA pratIka hai| SaSThama lezyA kA nAma zukla hai / zubhra yA zveta raMga samAdhi kA raMga hai / zveta raMga vicAroM kI pavitratA kA pratIka hai| zuklalezyA vAle vyakti kA citta prazAnta hotA hai / mana, vacana, kAyA para vaha pUrNa niyantraNa karatA hai| vaha jitendriya hai / etadartha hI jaina zramaNoM ne zveta raMga ko pasanda kiyA hai / ve zveta raMga ke vastra dhAraNa karate haiM / unakA maMtavya hai ki vartamAna meM hama meM pUrNa vizuddhi nahIM hai, tathApi hamArA lakSya hai zukladhyAna ke dvArA pUrNa vizuddhi ko prApta karanA / etadartha unhoMne zveta varNa ke vastroM ko cunA hai| lezyAoM ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie jaina sAhitya meM kaI rUpaka diye haiN| unameM se eka-do rUpaka hama yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiM / cha: vyaktiyoM kI eka mitra maMDalI thii| eka dina unake mAnasa meM ye vicAra ubuddha hue ki isa samaya jaMgala meM jAmuna khUba pake hue haiN| hama jAyeM aura una jAmunoM ko bharapeTa khaayeN| ve chahoM mitra jaMgala meM pahu~ce / phaloM se lade hue jAmuna ke par3e ko dekhakara eka mitra ne kahA yaha kitanA sundara jAmuna kA vRkSa hai| yaha phaloM se labAlaba bharA huA hai / aura phala bhI itane bar3hiyA haiM ki dekhate hI muMha meM pAnI A rahA hai / isa vRkSa para car3hane kI apekSA yahI zreyaskara hai ki kulhAr3I se vRkSa ko jar3a se hI kATa diyA jAya jisase hama Ananda se baiThakara khUba phala khA skeN| dUsare mitra ne prathama mitra ke kathana kA prativAda karate hue kahA saMpUrNa vRkSa ko kATane se kyA lAbha hai ? kevala zAkhAoM ko kATanA hI paryApta hai| ___ tRtIya mitra ne kahA- mitra, tumhArA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai / bar3I-bar3I zAkhAoM ko kATane se bhI koI phAyadA nahIM hai / choTI-choTI zAkhAoM ko kATa lene se hI hamArA kArya ho sakatA hai| phira bar3I zAkhAoM ko nirarthaka kyoM kATA jAya ? ___caturtha mitra ne kahA-mitra, tumhArA kathana bhI mujhe yuktiyukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| choTI-choTI zAkhAoM ko tor3ane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kevala phaloM ke gucchoM ko hI tor3anA paryApta hai| ___ pAMcaveM mitra ne kahA- phaloM ke gucchoM ko tor3ane se kyA lAbha hai ? usa gucche meM to kacce aura pakke donoM hI prakAra ke phala hote haiN| hameM pake phala hI tor3anA cAhie / nirarthaka kacce phaloM ko kyoM tor3A jAya ? 1 uttarAdhyayana 34 / 26-30 / 3 vahI 34 // 31-32 /

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74 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 chaThe mitra ne kahA- mujhe tumhArI carcA hI nirarthaka pratIta ho rahI hai| isa vRkSa ke nIce TUTe hue hajAroM phala par3e hue haiM / ina phaloM ko khAkara hI hama pUrNa santuSTa ho sakate haiM / phira vRkSa, TahaniyoM aura phaloM ko tor3ane kI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| prastuta rUpaka' ke dvArA AcArya ne lezyAoM ke svarUpa ko prakaTa kiyA hai| chaha mitroM meM pUrva-pUrva mitroM ke pariNAmoM kI apekSA uttara-uttara mitroM ke pariNAma zubha, zubhatara aura zubhatama haiM / kramaza: unake pariNAmoM meM saMkleza kI nyUnatA aura mRdutA kI adhikatA hai| isalie prathama mitra ke pariNAma kRSNalezyA vAle haiM, dUsare ke nIlalezyA vAle haiM, tIsare kI kApotalezyA, caturtha mitra kI tejolezyA, pA~caveM kI padmalezyA aura chaThe mitra kI zuklalezyA hai / eka jaMgala meM DAkuoM kA samUha rahatA thA / ve lUTakara apanA jIvanayApana karate the / eka dina chaha DAkuoM ne socA ki kisI zahara meM jAkara hama DAkA ddaaleN| ve chaha DAkU apane sthAna se prasthita hue| chaha DAkuoM meM se prathama DAkU ne eka gA~va ke pAsa se gujarate hue kahA-rAtri kA suhAvanA samaya hai| gA~va ke sabhI loga soe haiM / hama isa gA~va meM Aga lagA deM tAki soye hue sabhI vyakti aura pazu-pakSI Aga meM jhulasa kara khatama ho jAyeMge / unake karuNa-krandana ko sunakara bar3A Ananda aaygaa| dUsare DAkU ne kahA-binA matalaba ke pazu-pakSiyoM ko kyoM mArA jAye ? jo hamArA virodha karate haiM una mAnavoM ko hI mAranA caahie| tIsare DAkU ne kahA-mAnavoM meM bhI mahilA varga aura bAlaka hameM kabhI bhI parezAna nahIM karate / isalie unheM mArane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| ataH puruSa varga ko hI mAranA caahie| caturtha DAkU ne kahA- sabhI puruSoM ko bhI mArane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jo puruSa zastrayukta hoM kevala unheM mAranA cAhie / pAMcaveM DAkU ne kahA-jina vyaktiyoM ke pAsa zastra haiM kintu ve hamArA kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM karate, una vyaktiyoM ko mArane se bhI kyA lAbha ? chaThe DAka ne kahA-hameM apane kArya ko karanA hai / pahale hI hama loga dUsaroM kA dhana curAkara pApa kara rahe haiM, aura phira jisakA dhana hama apaharaNa karate haiM, una dhanikoM ke prANa ko lUTanA bhI vahA~ kI buddhimAnI hai ? eka pApa ke sAtha dUsarA pApa karanA anucita hI nahIM bilakula anucita hai| ___ina chaha DAkuoM ke bhI vicAra kramazaH eka-dUsare se nirmala hote haiM, jo unakI nirmala-bhAvanA ko vyakta karate haiN|' 1 Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti, pR0, 245 / 2 loka prakAza, sarga 3, zloka 363-380 /

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lezyA : eka vizleSaNa | 75 uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM lezyA zabda para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana karate hue kahA hai ki lezyA ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra nikSepa hote haiM / nokarmazyA aura no-akarmalezyA ye do nikSepa aura bhI hote haiM / no karma lezyA ke jIva no-karma aura ajIva no karma ye do prakAra haiM / jIva no-karma lezyA bhavasiddhika aura abhavasiddhi ke bheda se vaha bhI do prakAra kI hai| ina donoM ke kRSNa Adi sAta-sAta prakAra haiM / ajIva no-karma dravyalezyA ke candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra, tAraka, AbharaNa, chAdana, Adarza, maNi tathA kAkinI ye dasa bheda haiM aura dravya karma lezyA ke chaha bheda haiM / AcArya jayasiMha ne saMyogaja, nAma kI sAtavIM lezyA bhI mAnI hai jo zarIra kI chAyA rUpa hai / kitane hI AcAryoM kA mantavya hai ki audArika, audArikamizra, vaikriya, vaikriyamizra, AhAraka, AhArakamizra, kArmaNa kAya kA yoga ye sAta zarIra haiM to unakI chAyA bhI saptavarNAtmikA hogI, ataH lezyA ke sAta bheda mAnane cAhie / 2 ke sambandha meM eka gambhIra prazna hai ki kisa lezyA ko dravya - lezyA kaheM aura kise bhAva- lezyA kaheM ? kyoMki Agama sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM para dravya - lezyA ke anurUpa bhAva pariNati batAyI gayI hai, to kahIM para dravyalezyA ke viparIta bhAva-pariNati batAyI gayI hai| janma se mRtyu taka eka hI rUpa meM jo hamAre sAtha rahatI hai vaha dravyalezyA hai / nArakIya jIvoM meM tathA devoM meM jo lezyA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha dravya lezyA kI se kiyA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki teraha sAgariyA jo kilviSika deva haiM ve jahA~ ekAnta zuklalezyI haiM vahA~ ve ekAnta mithyAdRSTi bhI haiM / prajJApanA meM tArAoM kA varNana karate hue unheM pA~ca varNa vAle aura sthita lezyA vAle batAyA hai / nAraka 1 jANa bhavisarIrA tavvairittA ya sApuNo dubihA / kammA no kamme yA no kamme hunti duvihA u / / 35 / / jIvANamajIvANaya duvihA jIvANa hoi nAyavvA / bhavamabhavasiddhiyANaM duvihANavi hoi sattavihA / / 36 / / ajIva kammano davvalesA sA dasavihA u nAyavvA / caMdANa ya sUrANa ya gahagaNa NakkhattatArANaM / / 37 / / AbharaNa chAyaNA dazagANa maNi kAMgiNI Na jA lesA / ajIva davvalesA nAyavvA dasavihA esA // 38 // -- uttarAdhyayana 34, pR0, 650 2 jayasiMha sUri SaT saptamI saMyogajA iyaM ca zarIracchAyAtmakA parigRhyate anyetvadArikaudArikamizramityAdi bhedataH saptavidhatvena jIvazarIrasya tacchAyAmeva kRSNAdivarNarUpAM nokarmANi saptavidhAM jIva drazya lezyAM manyate tathA / - uttarA0 34, TIkA0 pR0, 350 -- prajJA0 pada 2 3 tArAo paJca vaNNao Thipale sAcAriNo /

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76 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 aura devoM ko jo sthita lezyA kahA gayA hai, sambhava hai pApa aura puNya kI prakarSatA ke kAraNa unameM parivartana nahIM hotA ho / athavA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki devoM meM paryAvaraNa kI anukUlatA ke kAraNa zubha dravya prApta hote hoM aura nArakIya jIvoM meM paryAvaraNa kI pratikUlatA ke kAraNa azubha dravya prApta hote hoM / vAtAvaraNa se vRttiyA~ prabhAvita hotI haiN| manuSya gati aura tiryaJca gati meM asthita lezyAe~ haiM / pRthvIkAya meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota ye tIna aprazasta lezyAe~ batAyI haiM / ye dravyalezyA haiM yA bhAvalezyA ? kyoMki sphaTika maNi, hIrA, motI, Adi ratnoM meM dhavala prabhA hotI hai, isalie dravya aprazasta lezyA kaise sambhava hai ? yadi bhAva lezyA ko mAnA jAya to bhI prazna hai ki pRthvIkAya se nikalakara kitane hI jIva kevalajJAna ko prApta karate haiM to pRthvIkAya ke usa jIva ne aprazasta bhAvalezyA meM kevalI ke AyuSya kA bandhana kaise kiyA ? bhavanapati aura vANavyantara devoM meM cAra lezyAe~ haiM-kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejo| to kyA kRSNalezyA meM Ayu pUrNa karane vAlA vyakti asurAdi deva ho sakatA hai ? yaha prazna AgamamarmajJoM ke lie cintanIya hai / kahA~ para dravya lezyA kA ullekha hai aura kahAM para bhAvalezyA kA ullekha-isako spaSTa bheda-rekhA AgamoM meM nahIM kI gayI hai, jisase vicAraka asamaMjasa meM par3a jAtA hai| uparyukta paMktiyoM meM jaina dRSTi se lezyA kA jo rUpa rahA hai usa para aura usake sAtha hI AjIvaka mata meM, bauddha mata meM va vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM lezyA se jo milatA-julatA varNana hai usa para hamane bahuta hI saMkSepa meM cintana kiyA hai / uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI, prajJApanA aura uttaravartI sAhitya meM lezyA para vistAra se vizleSaNa hai, kintu vistAra bhaya se hamane jAna karake bhI una sabhI bAtoM para prakAza nahIM DAlA hai / yaha satya hai ki paribhASAoM kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa aura paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki amuka sthAna para amuka lezyA hI hotI hai / kyoMki kahIM para dravyalezyA kI dRSTi se cintana hai, to kahIM para bhAvalezyA kI dRSTi se aura kahIM para dravya aura bhAva donoM kA milA huA varNana hai| tathApi gaharAI se anucintana karane para vaha viSaya pUrNatayA spaSTa ho sakatA hai / Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI jo raMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai unake sAtha bhI lezyA kA kisa prakAra samanvaya ho sakatA hai isa para bhI hamane vicAra kiyA hai| Agama ke marmajJa manISiyoM ko cAhie ki isa viSaya para zodhakArya kara naye tathya prakAza meM lAye jaayeN|

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5 vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya saMskRti vizva kI mahAn saMskRti hai / yaha atItakAla se hI jana-jana ke anta meM pavitra preraNA kA srota bahAtI rahI hai| yaha saMskRti zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ina do dhArAoM meM vibhakta rahI hai / zramaNa aura brAhmaNa yuga-yuga se bhAratIya saMskRti kA pratinidhitva karate rahe haiM / AtmA, paramAtmA aura virAT vizva ke sambandha meM ve gaharAI se anuzIlana- parizIlana karate rahe haiM / bhAratIya tattvadraSTA RSimaharSi, zramaNa aura muni tathA mUrdhanya manISIgaNa ne apane anUThe tattvajJAna ke dvArA jo jana-jIvana ko AdhyAtmika, naitika va sAMskRtika Aloka pradAna kiyA vaha cintana Aja bhI prAcIna sAhitya ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai / bhAratIya cintana ko hama zruta aura zruti ke rUpa jAnate haiN| zruti vedoM kI prAcIna saMjJA hai, vaha brAhmaNa saMskRti se sambandhita mUla vaidika vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai aura vahI bAda meM zaiva aura vaiSNava prabhRti dharma paramparAoM kA mUlAdhAra banI / zruta zramaNa-saMskRti kA mUla srota hai / yadyapi zruti aura zruta donoM kA hI sambandha zravaNa meM hai, jo sunane meM AtA hai vaha zruta hai' aura vahI bhAvavAcaka mAtra zravaNa zruti hai / para yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sAmAnya vyaktiyoM kA har zruta aura zruti nahIM hai / para jo viziSTa jJAtA AptapuruSa haiM, unhIM kA kathana zruti aura zruta ke rUpa meM vizruta rahA hai / brAhmaNa paramparA kA mUla vaicArika srota veda hai / vaidika paramparAvAdI vijJoM abhimata hai ki veda Izvara kI vANI hai / veda kisI sAmAnya vyakti vizeSa ke dvArA kahA huA nahIM, apitu Izvara dvArA upadiSTa vicAroM kA saMkalana hai / kitane hI vicAraka yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki veda tattvadraSTA RSiyoM kI anubhUta vANI kA saMkalana va Akalana hai / prArambha meM veda saMkhyA kI dRSTi se tIna the / ataH ve vedatrayI ke rUpa meM vizruta rahe / pazcAt atharva ko milA dene se vedoM kI saMkhyA cAra ho gayI / bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya saMskRta meM hai / vedoM kI vyAkhyA brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka 1 (ka) tattvArtha sUtra rAjavArtika / (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - maladhArIyAvRtti /

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78 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 granthoM meM huI jahA~ para mukhya rUpa se karmakANDa kA vizleSaNa hai / upaniSadoM meM jJAnakANDa kI pradhAnatA hai / vedoM ko pramANa mAnakara smRti aura sUtra sAhitya kA nirmANa huA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta haI- eka bauddha aura dUsarI jaina / bauddha saMskRti kA pratinidhitva tathAgata buddha ne kiyaa| buddha ne apane jijJAsuoM ko jo upadeza pradAna kiyA vaha tripiTaka sAhitya ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai / tripiTaka buddha ke upadezoM kA eka sundara saMkalana hai-suttapiTaka, vinayapiTaka aura abhidhammapiTaka / suttapiTaka meM sUtra ke rUpa meM bahuta hI saMkSepa meM upadeza diyA gayA hai / vinayapiTaka meM AcAra-saMhitA kA vizleSaNa hai aura abhidhammapiTaka meM tattvoM kA gaharAI se vivecana hai| bauddha sAhitya bahuta hI vizAla hai / tathApi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tripiTaka meM bauddha vicAroM kA navanIta hai| tripiTaka sAhitya kI bhASA pAlI hai jo usa yuga kI jana bhASA thii| zramaNa saMskRti kA dUsarA rUpa jaina saMskRti hai / jina kI vANI va upadeza meM jise vizvAsa hai vaha jaina hai / yahA~ para 'jina' se tAtparya rAga-dveSa rUpa Atma-vikAroM para vijaya karane vAle jina yAne tIrthaMkara haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI pavitra vANI kA saMkalana Agama hai / Agama Atmika jJAna-vijJAna kA akSayakoSa hai| usameM sAdhaka ke antanisa meM ubuddha hone vAlI jijJAsAoM kA vyApaka samAdhAna hai / prAcIna kAla se jaina paramparA kA zruta sAhitya aMga-praviSTa aura aMgabAhya ina do rUpoM meM vibhakta hai / ' aMga-praviSTa zruta vaha hai jo artha rUpa meM mahAn RSi tIrthaMkaroM se dvArA kahA gayA hai aura usake pazcAt tIrthakara ke pradhAna ziSya zruta kevalI gaNadharoM ke dvArA sUtra rUpa meM racA gayA hai / ___ aMgabAhya zruta vaha hai jo gaNadharoM ke pazcAt vizuddhAgama viziSTa buddhizaktisampanna AcAryoM ke dvArA kAla evaM saMhanana prabhRti doSoM ke kAraNa alpabuddhi ziSyoM ke anugraha ke lie sthaviroM ke dvArA racita hai / aMgapraviSTa-zruta gaNanAyaka AcAryoM kA sarvasva hone se use gaNipiTaka kahA gayA hai / vaha saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bAraha prakAra kA hai jaise (1) AyAra (AcAra). (2) sUyagaDa (sUtrakRta), (3) ThANa (sthAna), (4) samavAya (samavAya), (5) vivAhapannatti (vyAkhyAprajJanti) yA (bhagavatI), (6) nAyA 1 nandI sUtra - zrutajJAna prakaraNa / 5 tattvArtha 0 svopajJabhASya 1-20 / 3 vahI0 1-20 / ra-pramANa prakaraNa / (kha) samavAyAMga, samavAya 148 / 5 nandIsUtra-zruta jJAna prakaraNa /

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vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana | 76 dhammakahA (jJAtAdharmakathA), (7) uvAsagadasA (upAsakadazA), (8) aMtagaDadasA (antakRtdazA), (6) aNuttarovavAIyadasA (anuttaropapAtikadazA), (10) pAhAvAgaraNAi (praznavyAkaraNAni), (11) vivAgasuya (vipAkasUtra), (12) diTTivAya (dRSTivAda yA dRssttipaat)| dRSTivAda ke parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cUlikA ye pA~ca prakAra the| usameM pUrvagata meM utpAda, agrAyaNIya Adi caudaha pUrva the| dRSTivAda aMga zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra-parinirvANa ke 1000 varSa pazcAt vicchinna ho gayA / ____ aMgoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita hai, para aMga-bAhya AgamoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita nahIM hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne aMga-bAhya AgamoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha karate hue use aneka kahA hai / aMga-bAhya ko AcArya devavAcaka ne Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| aura sAtha hI kAlika aura utkAlika ke rUpa meM bhii| Avazyaka ke sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna ye cha: prakAra haiM aura Avazyaka vyatirikta meM aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, prajJApanA, nizItha, vyavahAra Adi aneka Agama haiM / kAlika meM uttarAdhyayana, dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa, vyavahAra Adi aneka Agama Ate haiM aura utkAlika meM sUryaprajJapti, pauruSImaMDala Adi aneka Agama haiN| ___ AcArya AryarakSita ne AgamoM ko anuyogoM ke AdhAra se cAra bhAga meM vibhakta kiyA hai| (1) caraNa-karaNAnuyoga-kAlikazruta, mahAkalpa, chedazruta Adi / (2) dharma-kathAnuyoga- RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana Adi / (3) gaNitAnuyoga-sUryaprajJapti Adi / (4) dhyAnayoga-dRSTivAda Adi / viSaya sAdRzya kI dRSTi se prastuta vargIkaraNa hai, para vyAkhyA kama kI dRSTi se AgamoM ke do rUpa prApta hote haiM (1) apRthaktvAnuyoga, (2) pRthaktvAnuyoga, 1 bhagavatI 20/8 (kha) titthogAlI 801 / tattvArthasUtra 1.20 / nandIsUtra sU 82 (punnyvijyjii)| * vahI0 sU. 83-84 (punnyvijyjii)| 5 (ka) Avazyaka niyukti 363-367 (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2284-2265 (ga) dazavakAlikaniyukti 3 TIkA sUtrakRtAMga cUNi patra-4 /

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80 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne likhA hai- apRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa, karaNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya, anuyoga evaM saptanaya kI dRSTi se kI jAtI thI, para pRthaksvAnuyoga meM cAroM anuyogoM kI vyAkhyAe~ pRthak pRthak rUpa meM kI jAne lagIM / anuyogoM ke AdhAra para jo vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha vargIkaraNa sthUla dRSTi se hai / udAharaNArtha, uttarAdhyayana ko dharmakathAnuyoga ke antargata liyA hai, para usameM dArzanika tathya bhI paryApta mAtrA meM rahe hue haiM / isI taraha, anya AgamoM ke sambandha meM bhI yaha bAta rahI huI hai kyoMki kucha AgamoM ko chor3akara zeSa AgamoM meM cAroM anuyogoM kA sammizraNa hai / AgamoM kA sabase antima vargIkaraNa aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / nandI meM jo AgamoM kA vibhAga kiyA gayA hai, mUla, cheda aura upAMga ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai aura na vahA~ ye zabda hI haiM / upAMga ke artha meM hI aMga bAhya zabda AyA hai / upAMga kA ullekha tattvArthabhASya meM milatA hai / aura usake pazcAt AcArya zrIcanda ke sukhabodhA samAcArI meM", AcArya jinaprabharacita vidhimArgaprapA meM tathA vAyaNAvihi meM upAMga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| paM0 becaradAsajI dozI kA mAnanA hai ki cUrNI sAhitya meM bhI upAMga zabda AyA hai| mUla aura cheda vibhAga nandI Adi meM nahIM milatA / mUla aura cheda kA vibhAga sarvaprathama prabhAvaka carita' meM prApta hotA hai aura usake pazcAt upAdhyAya samayasundaragaNI ke samAcArI zataka meM upalabdha hotA hai / cheda sUtra kA nAmollekha Avazyaka niyukti meM sarvaprathama huA hai / usake bAda vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura " nizIthabhASya 11 hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki mUla sUtra se pahale cheda sUtra kA nAmakaraNa huA / cheda sUtroM ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM prAcIna granthoM meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA / yaha spaSTa hai ki jina AgamoM ko cheda-sUtra ke antargata ginA hai ve 1 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi patra-4 // 2 tattvArthasUtra tattvArtha bhASya 1 -20 / 3 sukhabodhA samAcArI, pRSTha 31-34 // 4 ' iyANi uvaMgA' - vidhimArgaprapA | 5 vAyaNAvihi, pR0 64 // 6 jaina sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 30 // 7 prabhAvaka carita - 241 dvitIya AryarakSita prabandha | 8 samAcArI zataka / 9 Avazyaka kti 777 / 10 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2265 / 11 nizIthabhASya 5647 /

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vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana | 81 prAyazcitta sUtra hai / pA~ca cAritroM meM, dvitIya cAritra chedopasthApanika hai / 1 prAyazcitta kA sambandha isI cAritra se hai / ataH inakA nAma cheda sUtra rakhA gayA ho / Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti meM cheda sUtroM ke lie pada vibhAga, samAcArI, zabda vyavahRta hue haiM / pada- vibhAga aura cheda donoM samAnArthaM vAle haiM / isa dRSTi se bhI sambhava hai cheda-sUtra yaha nAma rakhA gayA ho / cheda sUtra meM eka sUtra kA dUsare sUtra se sambandha nahIM hotA / usameM pratyeka sUtra svatantra hotA hai / unakI vyAkhyA vibhAga kI dRSTi se kI jAtI hai / nizItha bhASya meM aura cUrNi meM cheda sUtroM ko uttama zruta kahA gayA hai / kyoMki cheda sUtra prAyazcitta vidhi kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| usase cAritra kI zuddhi hotI hai / isalie vaha uttama zruta hai / zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA kA sabhI dRSTiyoM se pUrNa vivecana cheda-sUtroM prApta hotA hai / sAdhaka kI maryAdA, usakA kartavya Adi vividha dRSTiyoM para cheda-sUtroM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / sAdhanA karate kahIM skhalanA ho jAya, doSa-janya malinatA A jAya, bhUloM se jIvana kaluSita ho jAya usake pariSkAra hetu prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai aura yaha sArA kArya cheda-sUtra kA hai / cheda sUtroM meM jo AcAra-saMhitA hai use hama utsarga, apavAda, doSa, aura prAyazcitta ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM / utsarga se tAtparya hai kisI viSaya kA sAmAnya vidhAna / apavAda kA artha hai paristhiti vizeSa kI dRSTi se vizeSa vidhAna / doSa kA artha hai utsarga aura apavAda mArga kA bhaMga karanA aura prAyazcitta kA artha hai vrata bhaMga hone para ucita daNDa lekara usa doSa kA zuddhIkaraNa karanA / kisI bhI vidhAna ke lie cAra bAteM Avazyaka haiN| 'sarvaprathama niyama banate haiM / usake bAda deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke anusAra usameM kiMcit chUTa dI jAtI hai / yaha paristhiti vizeSa ke lie apavAda kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai / jo doSa sAdhaka ko laga sakate haiM una doSoM kI eka lambI sUcI cheda sUtroM meM prApta hotI hai / isa sUcI se tAtparya hai una doSoM se sAdhaka bacane kA prayAsa kare / yadi sAvadhAnI rakhane ke bAvajUda bhI doSa laga jAyeM to prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / prAyazcitta se purAne doSoM kI zuddhi hotI hai aura navIna doSa na lage isake lie sAdhaka ko satata sAvadhAna rakhane ke lie preraNA milatI hai / 1 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1260-1270 / 2 Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti 665 / * nizIthabhASya 6145 / * nizIthacUrNi 6184 / 5 'jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA' pR0 347 /

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82 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 cheda-sUtroM meM AcAra sambandhI jisa prakAra ke niyama aura upaniyamoM kA vivecana saMprApta hotA hai usI taraha kA varNana bauddha sAhitya meM bhI prApta hotA hai / vinayapiTaka' meM bhI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| jisameM vividha prakAra ke doSoM kA ullekha karate hue usakI zuddhi kA varNana hai| vistAra bhaya kI dRSTi se hama yahA~ para usakI cheda-sUtroM ke sAtha tulanA nahIM kara rahe haiN| para hama vijJoM kA dhyAna isa ora kendrita karate haiM ki yadi vistAra ke sAtha tulanAtmaka va samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAya to bahuta kucha naye tathya prakaTa hoMge aura sAtha hI yaha parijJAna hogA ki zramaNasaMskRti kI donoM dhArAoM meM kitanI adhika samAnatA hai| sAtha hI vaidika paramparA mAnya kalpa-sUtra, zrauta sUtra aura gRhasUtra meM varNita AcAra-saMhitA kI tulanA cheda-sUtroM ke niyamopaniyamoM ke sAtha sahaja rUpa se kI jA sakatI hai| yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki cheda-sUtroM kA viSaya atyanta gahana hai / maiM prabuddha pAThakoM se vinamra nivedana karanA cAhUMgA ki ve cheda-sUtroM kA adhyayana karate samaya pUrvAparaprasaMgoM ko gaharAI se samajhane kA prayatna kreN| aitihAsika dRSTi se ve sthitiyoM ko samajhane kA dhyAna rakheM / jaba taka sAdhaka zramaNa dharma ke, AcAra dharma ke gahana rahasya, sUkSma kriyA-kalApa, na samajhegA taba taka vaha cheda sUtroM ke marma ko nahIM samajha skegaa| cheda sUtra aise prakAza stambha hai jisake nirmala Aloka meM sAdhaka anukUla aura pratikUla paristhiti utpanna hone para sahI nirNaya le sakatA hai| cheda-sUtroM meM jaina saMskRti ke gahana AcAra aura vicAroM kA jo vizleSaNa huA hai, vaha advitIya hai, apUrva hai| usameM saMskRti kI mahAn garimA aura mahimA rahI hai / samAcArI zataka meM samayasundaragaNI ne cheda-sUtroM kI saMkhyA chaH batalAyI hai-- (1) dazAzrutaskaMdha (2) vyavahAra (3) bRhatkalpa (4) nizItha (5) mahAnizItha aura (6) jiitklp| nandI sUtra meM jItakalpa ke atirikta pA~ca nAma upalabdha hote haiM / yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dazAzrutaskaMdha, bRhatkalpa, aura vyavahAra ye tInoM Agama caturdaza pUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne pratyAkhyAnapUrva se nirmUr3ha kiye haiM / nizItha kA ni!haNa pratyAkhyAna nAmaka nauveM pUrva se kiyA gayA hai / paMcakalpa cUNi ke anusAra nizItha ke 1 vinaya piTaka-pArAjita pAlI, bhikkhu pAtimokkha bhikkhuNI pAtimokkha / 2 samAcArI zataka-AgamasthApanAdhikAra / 3 nandIsUtra 77 / + (ka) dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti, gAthA 1, patra 1 / (kha) paMcakalpabhASya, gAthA 11 / 5 nizIthabhASya 6500 / 8 paMcakalpaNi patra 1, likhita /

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vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana | 83 niryUhaka bhadrabAhu svAmI haiM | AgamaprabhAvaka muni puNyavijayajI' kA bhI yahI abhimata hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki cAroM cheda-sUtroM ke niryUhaka bhadrabAhu svAmI haiM / kintu 'jItakalpa' bhadrabAhu svAmI kI kRti nahIM hai / usake racayitA jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa haiM / aura mahAnizItha jo vartamAna meM upalabdha hai vaha AcArya haribhadra ke dvArA punaruddhAra kiyA huA hai / mahAnizItha ke sambandha meM maiMne apane grantha 'jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA' meM vistAra se usakI prAmANikatA aura aprAmANikatA ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai / maiM pAThakoM ko use par3hane kA sUcana karatA hU~ / yaha satya hai ki mahAnizItha kA mUla saMskaraNa dImakoM ke dvArA naSTa ho jAne ke pazcAt vartamAna meM jo mahAnizItha upalabdha hai vaha mahAnizItha kA navIna saMskaraNa hai / isa taraha cAra maulika cheda-sUtra haiM, dazAzrutaskaMdha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa aura nizItha / niryUhaNa kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki usake artha ke prarUpaka tIrthaMkara haiM aura sUtrarUpa ke racayitA gaNadhara hai aura jina AgamoM para jinake nAma uTTaMkita haiM ve usake sUtra racayitA haiM, jaise dazavaikAlika ke zayyaMbhava aura chedasUtroM ke racayitA bhadrabAhu svAmI haiM / para artha ke prarUpaka to tIrthaMkara hI haiM / vyavahAra sUtra aura usake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA paricaya cheda-sUtroM meM vyavahAra kA viziSTa sthAna hai, anya cheda- sUtroM kI bhA~ti prastuta Agama meM bhI zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA para cintana kiyA gayA hai / bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ye donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM / vyavahAra meM dasa uddezaka haiM, 373 anuSTup zloka pramANa mUla pATha upalabdha hotA hai / 267 sUtra saMkhyA hai / vyavahAra sUtra para usakI vyAkhyA karane hetu bhadrabAhu racita niyukti prApta hotI hai aura sAtha hI vyava - hAra para bhASya bhI prApta hotA hai / usa bhASya ke racayitA kauna haiM - isa sambandha meM itihAsa tattvavid manISI nirNaya nahIM kara sake haiM / vyavahAra para eka cUrNi bhI upalabdha hotI hai aura sAtha hI saMskRta bhASA meM vyavahAra para eka vRtti bhI milatI hai / ina sabhI kA saMkSepa meM paricaya hama prastuta kareMge, jisase jJAta ho sakegA ki vyavahAra sUtra kA kitanA gaharA mahatva rahA hai| jisa para sabhI vyAkhyAkAroM ne apanI kalama calAI hai / antar darzana vyavahAra sUtra ke dasa uddezaka haiM, usameM prathama uddezaka meM bhikSu aura bhikSuNI ke lie tyAgane yogya mUlaguNa yA uttaraguNa ke doSa kA sevana kiyA ho, jisakA 1 bRhatkalpa sUtra, bhAga 6, prastAvanA pR0 2 / 2 dazAzrutaskaMdhaniryukti, gAthA 1 / 3 jItakalpacUrNa, gAthA 5-10 / 1 " jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 262 / 5 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 407 se 410 /

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84 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 prAyazcitta eka mAsa kI saMjJA se abhihita hai| doSa lagane vAle zramaNa aura zramaNI ko AcArya Adi ke samakSa kapaTa rahita AlocanA karanI caahie| use eka mAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai; jabaki kapaTa sahita AlocanA karane para usI doSa kA dvimAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai / jisakI kapaTa rahita AlocanA karane para dvimAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai kintu usI doSa kI AlocanA kapaTa sahita karane se trimAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| isa taraha adhika se adhika cha: mAsa ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / jisa sAdhaka ne aneka doSoM kA sevana kiyA ho usa sAdhaka ko kramazaH doSoM kI AlocanA karanI cAhie aura prAyazcitta lekara usakA zuddhIkaraNa karanA cAhie / prAyazcitta grahaNa karate samaya yadi punaH doSa laga jAya to una doSoM ko na chipAye, kintu doSoM kI AlocanA kara prAyazcitta grahaNa kara zuddhIkaraNa karanA cAhie / prAyazcitta kA sevana karane vAle zramaNa ko gurujanoM kI AjJA prApta kara hI anya zramaNoM ke sAtha uThanA baiThanA caahie| yadi vaha gurujanoM kI AjJA kI avahelanA karatA hai to use cheda prAyazcitta diyA jAtA hai| parihArakalpa meM avasthita zramaNa AcArya Adi kI anumati se parihArakalpa ko chor3akara sthavira Adi kI sevA ke lie dUsare sthAna para jA sakatA hai / yadi koI zramaNa viziSTa sAdhanA ke lie gaNa kA parityAga kara ekAkI vicaraNa karatA hai, para vaha apane ko zuddha AcAra pAlana karane meM asamartha anubhava karatA ho to use AlocanA kara cheda yA navIna dIkSA grahaNa karanI cAhie / AlocanA AcArya upAdhyAya ke samakSa karake usa doSa kA prAyazcitta lekara zuddhIkaraNa karanA caahie| unakI anupasthiti meM apane saMbhogI sAdharmika bahuzruta Adi ke sAmane AlocanA karanI caahie| yadi ve na hoM to anya samudAya ke saMbhogI bahuzruta zramaNa ke sAmane AlocanA karanI cAhie / yadi vaha bhI na hoM to sadoSI zramaNa ho to vahA~ jAkara usake abhAva meM bahuzruta zramaNopAsaka yA samyakdRSTi zrAvaka yA usake bhI abhAva meM grAma yA nagara ke bAhara pUrva yA uttara dizA ke sammukha khar3A hokara apane aparAdha kI AlocanA kare / jIvana vizuddhi ke lie AlocanA atyadhika Avazyaka hai / dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA hai, jisane doSa kA sevana kiyA ho use prAyazcitta denA cAhie | aneka zramaNoM meM se eka ne bhI aparAdha kiyA hai to use prAyazcitta denA cAhie / yadi sabhI ne aparAdha kiyA hai to eka ke atirikta sabhI prAyazcitta lekara pahale zuddhIkaraNa kare aura una sabhI kA prAyazcitta kAla pUrNa hone para use bhI prAyazcitta dekara zuddha kare / parihArakalpa sthita zramaNa yadi vyAdhi-grasta ho to use gaccha se bAhara nikAlanA sarvathA anucita hai / svastha hone para use gaNAvacchedaka se prAyazcitta lekara

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vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana | 85 luddhIkaraNa karanA caahie| isI prakAra anavasthApya aura pArAMcika prAyazcitta karane vAle ko bhI rugNAvasthA meM gaccha se bAhara nahIM karanA cAhie / vikSipta. citta aura dIptacitta kI sevA karanI cAhie aura svastha hone para prAyazcitta dekara usakA zuddhIkaraNa karanA cAhie / anavasthApya aura pArAMcika ke sambandha meM bhI carcA kI gayI hai / pArihArika aura apArihArika zramaNoM kI maryAdA nizcita kI gayI hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM zramaNa svatantra aura gaccha kA adhipati banakara vicaraNa karanA cAhe to use AcArAMga Adi kA parijJAtA honA Avazyaka hai aura sAtha hI sthavira kI anumati bhI / upAdhyAya vahI bana sakatA hai jo kama se kama tIna varSa kI dIkSA paryAyavAlA ho, Agama kA marmajJa ho, prAyazcitta zAstra kA pUrNa jJAtA ho, cAritravAn aura bahuzruta ho / AcArya vahI bana sakatA hai jo kama se kama pAMca varSa kA dIkSita ho, kSamaNa kI AcAra-saMhitA meM kuzala ho, dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra Adi kA jJAtA ho / apavAda ke rUpa meM eka dina kI dIkSA paryAyavAlA bhI AcArya aura upAdhyAya bana sakatA hai, para usake lie pratItikArI, dhairyazIla, vizvasanIya, samabhAvI, pramodakArI, anumata, bahumata tathA guNasampanna honA anivArya hai| caturtha uddezaka meM AcArya aura upAdhyAya ke sAtha kama se kama eka aura varSAvAsa meM do sAdhu kA honA Avazyaka hai| AcArya kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue unake abhAva meM kaise rahanA cAhie aura kisa taraha AcArya Adi pada para pratiSThita karanA cAhie, isa para cintana kiyA hai| pA~caveM uddezaka meM pravartinI ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue vaiyyAvRtya para vicAra kiyA hai| chaThe uddezaka meM apane parijanoM ke vahA~ para jAne ke lie sthaviroM kI anumati Avazyaka hai| zramaNa aura zramaNI bahuzruta zramaNa-zramaNI ke sAtha jAya, para ekAkI nahIM / AcArya, upAdhyAya upAzraya meM AveM to unake pA~va poMchakara sApha karanA cAhie, unakI vaiyyAvRtya karanI cAhie aura unake bAhara jAne para unake sAtha jAnA cAhie Adi para vistAra se carcA hai / sAtaveM uddezaka meM zramaNa mahilA ko aura zramaNI puruSa ko dIkSA na deN| yadi kisI ko utkRSTa vairAgya bhAvanA ho gayI ho to isa zarta para ki dIkSA dekara zramaNI ko zramaNI-samudAya kI sevA meM pahuMcA diyA jAya aura zramaNa ko zramaNa-samudAya kI sevA meM / jahA~ para duSTa vyaktiyoM kI pradhAnatA ho vahA~ zramaNiyoM ko vicaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki vratabhaMga Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai / para zramaNoM ke lie vaha maryAdA nahIM; Adi aneka bAteM haiN| ___ AThaveM uddezaka meM zramaNoM ke upakaraNoM para cintana hai| yadi kisI sthAna para koI zramaNa upakaraNa bhUla gayA ho aura anya zramaNa, jahAM para upakaraNa bhUlA hai,

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86 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 vaha usa upakaraNa ko lekara apane sthAna para Aye aura jisakA upakaraNa ho use pradAna kare, para vaha upakaraNa yadi kisI santa kA nahIM hai to usakA upayoga na kare aura nirdoSa sthAna para parityAga kara de / isa uddezaka meM AhAra ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue batAyA hai ki ATha grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA alpAhArI, bAraha grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA apArdhAvamaudarika, solaha grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA dvibhAga prApta, caubIsa grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA prAptAvamaudarika, battIsa grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA pramANopetAhArI aura usase eka grAsa kama karane vAlA . avamaudarika kahalAtA hai| nauveM uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki zayyAtara Adi kA AhAra zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke lie grAhya nahIM hai| sAtha hI, zramaNa kI dvAdaza pratimAoM ke sambandha meM bhI varNana hai| dazaveM uddezaka meM yavamadhyacandra pratimA tathA vajramadhya candra pratimA ke svarUpa para vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai-jo jau ke kaNa ke sadRza madhya meM moTI ho aura donoM hI ora patalI ho vaha yavamadhyacandra pratimA hai, jo vajra ke samAna madhya meM patalI ho aura donoM ora moTI hotI hai vaha vajramadhyacandra pratimA hai / yavamadhyacandra pratimA ko jo zramaNa dhAraNa karatA hai vaha zramaNa eka mahIne taka apane tana kI mamatA ko chor3akara deva-mAnava aura tiryaMca sambandhI anukUla aura pratikUla parISahoM sahana karatA hai| upasargoM ko sahana karate samaya usake aMtarmAnasa meM tanika mAtra bhI viSamatA nahIM AtI / vaha zuklapakSa kI pratipadA ko eka dattI AhAra kI grahaNa karatA hai / isa prakAra pUrNamAsI taka pandraha dattI AhAra kI aura pandraha dattI pAnI kI grahaNa karatA hai / kRSNapakSa meM kramaza: eka dattI kama karatA jAtA hai aura amAvasyA ke dina upavAsa karatA hai / ise yavamadhyacandra' pratimA kahate haiN| vajramadhyacandra pratimA meM kRSNapakSa kI pratipadA ko pandraha dattI AhAra kI aura pandraha dattI pAnI kI grahaNa kI jAtI haiM aura kramazaH eka-eka dina eka-eka dattI kama kara amAvasyA ko eka dattI AhAra aura eka dattI pAnI grahaNa karatA hai| aura zuklapakSa meM eka-eka dattI bar3hAkara pUrNamAsI ko upavAsa karatA hai / vyavahAra ke Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jItavyavahAra-- ye pAMca prakAra haiM / sthavira ke jAtisthavira, zrutasthavira aura pravrajyAsthavira ye tIna prakAra haiN| zaikSa bhUmiyA~ tIna haiM - saptarAnindinI, cAturmAsikI aura ssaannmaasikii| ATha varSa se kama umra vAle ko dIkSA denA nahIM klptaa|' jinakI umra bahuta choTI hai ve AcA 1 vinayapiTaka meM 20 varSa se kama umravAle vyakti ko dIkSA nahIM denA, vinaya piTaka-bhikkhupatimokkhApAcittaya, 65. ke sAtha tulanA karane se usa yuga kI bhinna vicAradhArAoM kA bhI patA lagatA hai /

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vyavahAra sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 87 rAMga sUtra ko par3hane ke adhikArI nhiiN| kama se kama tIna varSa kI dIkSA paryAyavAle zramaNa ko AcArAMga par3hAnA kalpatA hai / cAra varSa kI dIkSA paryAyavAle ko sUtrakRtAMga, pA~ca varSa kI dIkSA paryAyavAle ko dazAzrutaskandha, bRhata kalpa aura vyavahAra, ATha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, dasa varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko vyAkhyAprajJapti, gyAraha varSa vAle ko laghu vimAna pravibhakti, mahAvimAna-pravibhakti, aMgacUlikA baMgacUlikA, vivAhacUlikA, bAraha varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko aruNopapAtika, garulopapAtika, dharaNopapAtika, vaizramaNopapAtika, vailaMdharopapAtika, teraha varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko upasthAnazruta, samupasthAnazruta, devendropapAta, nAgaparayApanikA, caudaha varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko svapnabhAvanA, pandraha varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko cAraNa bhAvanA, solaha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko vedanI zataka, satraha varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko AzIviSabhAvanA, aThAraha varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko dRSTiviSabhAvanA, unnIsa varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko dRSTivAda aura bIsa varSa kI dIkSAvAle ko sabhI prakAra ke zAstra par3hanA kalpatA hai / vaiyAvRtya ke dasa prakAra batAye haiM- (1) AcArya (2) upAdhyAya (3) sthavira (4) tapasvI (5) zaikSa-chAtra (6) glAna-rugNa (7) sArmika (5) kula (6) gaNa aura (10) saMgha / inakI sevA karane se karmoM kI mahAna nirjarA hotI hai / isa prakAra prastuta Agama meM aneka viSayoM para gaharAI se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vyavahAra vyAkhyA-sahita maiM pUrva hI likha cukA hai ki vyavahAra zramaNa-jIvana kI sAdhanA kA eka jIvanta bhASya hai / Agama meM jina bAtoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai unhIM para sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyabaddha TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiM ve niyuktiyA~ hai / niyuktiyoM meM mUla grantha ke pratyeka pada para vyAkhyA na kara pAribhASika zabdoM ko vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / niryaktiyoM kI vyAkhyA nikSepa paddhati para avalambita hai / aneka sambhAvita artha ko batAne ke pazcAt aprastuta artha ko chor3akara prastuta pada ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA-'sUtra artha kA nizcita sambandha batAne vAlI vyAkhyA niyukti hai / vyavahAraniyukti meM bhI utsarga aura apavAda kA vivecana hai| isa niyukti para bhASya bhI hai jo adhika vistRta hai / niyukti aura bhASya meM yaha antara hai ki niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA zailI bahuta hI gUr3ha aura saMkSipta hai| niyuktiyoM ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie vistAra se niyuktiyoM ke sadRza hI prAkRta bhASA meM 1 (ka) sUtrArthayoH parasparaM niryojanaM sambandhana niyuktiH // -Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 83 (kha) nizcayena arthapratipAdikA yukti niyuktiH / / AcArAMga ni0 1/2/1

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88 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 padyAtmaka jo vyAkhyAeM likhI gayIM haiM ve bhASya ke nAma se prasiddha huIM / bhASya meM sarvaprathama pIThikA meM vyavahAra, vyavahArI evaM vyavahartavya ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gayI hai / vyavahAra meM doSa lagane kI dRSTi se prAyazcitta kA artha bheda, nimitta, adhyayanavizeSa tadaha pariSad Adi kA vivecana kiyA hai| viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie aneka dRSTAnta bhI diye haiM / bhikSu, mAsa, parihAra, sthAna, pratisevanA, AlocanA, Adi padoM para nikSepa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai / AdhAkarma se sambandhita atikrama, vyaktikrama, aticAra ke lie pRthak-pRthak prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa ina donoM kI vizuddhi prAyazcitta se hotI hai| piNDavizuddhi, samiti, bhAvanA, tapa, pratimA aura abhigraha ye sabhI uttaraguNa haiM / inake kramazaH 42, 8, 25, 12, 12 aura 4 bheda hote haiM / prAyazcitta karane vAle puruSa ke nirgata aura vartamAna ye do prakAra haiM / jo tapAI prAyazcitta se atikrAnta ho gaye haiM ve nirgata haiM aura jo vidyamAna haiM ve vartamAna haiN| unake bhI bhedaprabheda kiye gaye haiN| prAyazcitta ke yogya cAra prakAra ke haiM (1) ubhayatara-jo svayaM tapa kI sAdhanA karatA huA bhI dUsaroM kI sevA karatA hai / (2) Atmatara-jo kevala tapa hI kara sakatA hai| (3) paratara-jo kevala sevA hI kara sakatA hai / (4) abhyatara-jo tapa aura sevA donoM meM se eka samaya meM eka kA hI sevana kara sakatA hai| AlocanA, AlocanAI aura Alocaka ke binA nahIM hotI / svayaM AcAravAn, AdhAravAn, vyavahAravAn, apabrIDaka, prakurvI, niryApaka, apAyadarzI aura aparidhAvI ina guNoM se yukta hotA hai| Alocaka bhI jAtisampanna, kulasampanna, vinayasampanna, jJAnasampanna, darzanasampanna, cAritrasampanna, zAnta, dAnta, amAyI, apazcAtApI ina dasa guNoM se yukta hotA hai / AlocanA ke doSa, tadviSayabhUta dravya Adi prAyazcitta dene kI vidhi Adi para bhASyakAra ne vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| parihAra tapa kA varNana karate hue subhadrA aura meghAvatI kA udAharaNa diyA hai / AropaNA ke prasthApanikA, sthApitA, kRtsnA, akRtsnA, hADahaDA, ye pAMca prakAra batAye haiN| zithilatA ke kAraNa gaccha kA parityAga kara pUnaH gaccha meM sammilita hone ke lie vividha prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA varNana hai / pArzvastha, yathAchanda, kuzIla, avasanna aura saMsakta ke svarUpa para vicAra carcA kI hai| kSiptacitta ke rAga, bhaya aura apamAna ye tIna kAraNa haiM / dIptacitta kA kAraNa sammAna hai / kSiptacittavAlA mauna rahatA hai aura dIptacittavAlA binA prayojana ke bhI bolatA rahatA hai / bhASyakAra ne gaNAvacchedaka, AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, pravartinI Adi kI yogyatA para bhI cintana kiyA hai / AcArya aura upAdhyAya ke atizaya batAye haiM jinakA zramaNoM

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vyavahArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana | 86 ko vizeSa lakSya rakhanA cAhie-(1) unake bAhara jAne para pairoM ko sApha krnaa| (2) unake uccAra-pratravaNa ko nirdoSa sthAna para paraThanA / (3) unakI icchAnusAra vaiyyAvRtya karanA (4) unake sAtha upAzraya ke bhItara rahanA (5) unake sAtha upAzraya ke bAhara jaanaa| varSAvAsa ke lie vaha sthAna zreSTha mAnA gayA hai jahA~ para adhika kIcar3a na hotA ho / dvIndriyAdi jIvoM kI bahulatA na ho, prAsuka-bhUmi ho, rahane yogya do-tIna bastiyA~ hoM, go-rasa kI pracuratA ho, bahuta loga rahate hoM, vaidya hoM, auSadhiyoM saralatA se prApta hoM, dhAnya kI pracuratA ho, rAjA prajApAlaka ho, pAkhaNDI kama hoM, bhikSA sugama-rIti se prApta hotI ho, svAdhyAya meM kisI bhI prakAra se vighna na ho / jahA~ para kuttoM kI adhikatA ho vahA~ para nahIM rahanA cAhie, kyoMki kATane Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai| bhASya meM AryarakSita, AyakAlaka, rAjA sAtavAhana, pradyota, muruNDa, cANakya, kirAtaputra, avantIsukumAla, rohiNeya, AryamaMgU Adi kI aneka kathAe~ AyI haiN| yaha bhASya aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa haiM / __bhASya ke pazcAt TIkA sAhitya likhA gayA hai / TIkA sAhitya kI bhASA mukhya rUpa se saMskRta hai| una TIkAoM meM AgamoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / niyukti, bhASya aura cUNi meM jina viSayoM para carcAeM kI gayI haiM, TIkA meM nayenaye hetuoM dvArA unhIM viSayoM ko aura adhika puSTa kiyA gayA hai / TIkAkAroM meM AcArya malayagiri kA sthAna mUrdhanya hai| unhoMne Agama granthoM para atyanta mahattvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhIM, jinameM unakA gambhIra pAMDitya spaSTa rUpa se jhalakatA hai| viSaya kI gahanatA, bhASA kI prAMjalatA, zailI kA lAlitya aura vizleSaNa kI spaSTatA Adi unakI vizeSatAe~ haiN| unake dvArA vyavahAra para vRtti likhI gayI hai / grantha ke prArambha meM prAkkathana ke rUpa meM pIThikA hai jisameM kalpa, vyavahAra, doSa, prAyazcitta prabhRti viSayoM para cintana kiyA hai / vRttikAra ne prArambha meM ahaMta ariSTanemi ko, apane sadguruvarya tathA vyavahAra sUtra ke cUNikAra Adi ko bhaktibhAvanA se vibhora hokara namana kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ina donoM AgamoM ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue likhA ki kalpAdhyayana meM prAyazcitta kA nirUpaNa hai, kintu usameM prAyazcitta dene kI vidhi nahIM hai jabaki vyavahAra meM prAyazcitta dene kI aura AlocanA karane kI ye donoM prakAra kI vidhiyA~ haiM / yaha bRhatkalpa se vyavahAra kI vizeSatA hai / vyavahAra, vyavahArI aura vyavahartavya tInoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai- vyavahArI kartA rUpa hai, vyavahAra karaNarUpa hai aura vyavahartavya kAryarUpa hai / karaNarUpI vyavahAra Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta rUpa se pAMca prakAra kA hai / carNikAra ne pA~coM prakAra

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90 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 ke vyavahAra ko karaNa kahA hai / bhASyakAra ne sUtra, artha, jItakalpa, mArga, nyAya, epsitavya Acarita aura vyavahAra inako ekArthaka mAnA hai / jo svayaM vyavahAra ke marma ko janatA ho, anya vyaktiyoM ko vyavahAra ke svarUpa ko samajhAne kI kSamatA rakhatA ho vaha gItArtha hai / jo gItArtha haiM unake lie vyavahAra kA upayoga hai / prAyazcitta pradAtA aura prAyazcitta saMgrahaNa karane vAlA donoM gItArtha hone cAhie / prAyazcitta ke pratisevanA, saMyojanA, AropaNA aura pariku canA ye cAra artha hai / pratisevanA rUpa prAyazcitta ke dasa bheda haiM - 1. AlocanA 2. pratikramaNa 3. tadubhaya 4. viveka 5. utsarga 6. tapa 7. cheda 8. mUla 8 anavasthApya aura 10 pArAMcika / ina dasoM prAyazcittoM ke sambandha meM vizeSa rUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yadi hama ina prAyazcitta ke prakAroM kI tulanA vinayapiTaka' meM Aye hue prAyazcitta vidhi ke sAtha kareM to Azcaryajanaka samAnatA milegI / prAyazcitta pradAna karanevAlA adhikArI yA AcArya bahuzruta va gambhIra ho, yaha Avazyaka hai| pratyeka ke sAmane AlocanA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| AlocanA aura prAyazcitta donoM hI yogya vyakti ke samakSa hone cAhie jisase ki vaha gopanIya raha sake / bauddha paramparA meM sAdhu samudAya ke sAmane prAyazcitta grahaNa kA vidhAna hai / vinayapiTaka meM likhA hai - pratyeka mahIne kI kRSNa caturdazI aura pUrNamAsI ko sabhI bhikSu uposathAgAra meM ekatrita ho / tathAgata buddha ne apanA uttarAdhikArI saMgha ko batAyA hai / ataH kisI prAjJa bhikSu ko sabhA ke pramukha pada para niyukta kara pAtimokkha vAcana kiyA jAtA hai aura pratyeka prakaraNa ke upasaMhAra meM yaha jijJAsA vyakta kI jAtI hai ki upasthita sabhI bhikSu ukta bAtoM meM zuddha haiM ? yadi koI bhikSu tatsambandhI apane doSa kI AlocanA karanA cAhatA hai to saMgha usa para cintana karatA hai aura usakI zuddhi karavAtA hai / dvitIya aura tRtIya bAra bhI usI prazna ko duharAyA jAtA hai / sabhI kI svIkRti hone para eka-eka prakaraNa Age par3he jAte haiM / isI taraha bhikSuNiyA~ bhikkhunI pAtimokkha kA vAcana karatI haiM / yaha satya hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM kI prAyazcitta vidhiyA~ pRthak-pRthak haiN| para donoM meM manovaijJAnikatA hai / donoM hI paramparAoM meM prAyazcitta karane vAle sAdhaka ke hRdaya kI pavitratA, vicAroM kI saralatA apekSita mAnI hai / prathama uddezaka meM pratisevanA ke mUlapratisevanA aura uttarapratisevanA ye do prakAra batAye haiM / mUla guNa aticAra pratisevanA prANAtipAta, bhRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha rUpa pA~ca prakAra kI hai| uttara guNAticAra pratisevanA dasa prakAra kI hai / uttaraguNa, anAgata, atikrAnta, koTisahita, niyantrita sAkAra, anAkAra, parimANakRta, niravazeSa, sAMketika aura addhA pratyAkhyAna ke rUpa meM haiM / apara zabdoM meM J 1 vinayapiTaka nidAna

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vyavahArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana | 61 uttara guNoM ke piNDavizuddhi, pAMca samiti, bAhyatapa, Abhyantara tapa, bhikSu, pratimA aura abhigraha isa taraha dasa prakAra haiM / mUlaguNAticAra pratisevanA aura uttara guNA. ticAra pratisevanA inake bhI darpya aura kalpya ye do prakAra haiM / binA kAraNa pratisevanA dapikA hai aura kAraNayukta pratisevanA kalpikA hai / vRttikAra ne viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie sthAna-sthAna para vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta vRtti kA granthamAna 34625 zloka pramANa hai| vRtti ke pazcAt janabhASA meM sarala aura subodha zailI meM AgamoM ke zabdArtha karane vAlI saMkSipta TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM jinakI bhASA prAcIna gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI mizrita hai / yaha bAlAvabodha va TabbA ke nAma se vizruta haiM / sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke dharmasiMha muni ne vyavahAra sUtra para bhI TabbA likhA hai / para abhI taka vaha aprakAzita hI hai / AcArya amolaka RSijI mahArAja dvArA kRta hindI anuvAda sahita vyavahAra sUtra prakAzita huA hai / jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI ne gujarAtI meM anuvAda bhI prakAzita kiyA hai / zubiMga lipajiMga ne jarmana TippaNI ke sAtha san 1918 meM likhA jisako jaina sAhitya samiti, pUnA se 1623 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| pUjya ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja ne chedasUtroM kA prakAzana kevala saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha karavAyA hai| hindI bhASA meM vyavahAra para aura anya chedasUtroM para navIna zailI se prakAzana abhI taka nahIM huaa| paM0 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI kamala ne isa mahAna kArya kI pUrti kI hai ata: ve sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN|

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samyagdarzana : eka tulanAtmaka cintana samyagdarzana, samyaktva aura samyagdRSTitva zabdoM kA prayoga samAna artha ko liye hue hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM samyaktva aura samyagdarzana ina zabdoM ke bhinnabhinna artha nirdiSTa haiN| samyaktva vaha hai, jisase zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra samyak banate haiN| samyak yA samyaktva zabda kA sAmAnya artha satyatA va yathArthatA hai| samyaktva kA artha tattva ruci bhI hai| satya kI abhIpsA hai| satya ke prati jijJAsA vRtti yA mumukSutva hI samyagdarzana hai / satya kI cAha aisA tattva hai jo sAdhaka ko sAdhanA mArga para agrasara hone kI preraNA detA hai| jisa vyakti ko pyAsa nahIM vaha vyakti pAnI ko prApta karane kA prayAsa nahIM karatA, vaise hI tattva-ruci yA abhIpsA se yukta vyakti hI sAdhanA ke mahAmArga para ArUr3ha hotA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM 'darzana' zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jIva Adi padArthoM ke svarUpa ko jAnanA, dekhanA, usa para niSThA karanA darzana kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se darzana dekhane ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai, kintu yahAM para darzana zabda kA artha kevala netrajanya bodha hI nahIM hai, apitu usameM indriyabodha, manabodha aura Atmabodha Adi sabhI A jAte haiN| jaina paramparA meM darzana zabda ko lekara cintakoM meM paraspara vivAda rahA hai| darzana antarbodha hai to jJAna bauddhika hai| naitika dRSTi se darzana kA artha dRSTikoNa hai| darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai jo dRSTikoNaparaka artha ko liye hue hai| tattvArtha sUtra aura uttarAdhyayana meM darzana zabda kA artha tattvazraddhA hai| usake bAda darzana zabda deva, guru aura dharma kI zraddhA, bhakti ke artha meM bhI AyA hai| isa 1 vishessaavshykbhaassy| abhidhAna rAjendra koza, bhA0 5, pR0 2425 / tattvArtha sUtra 1-2 / uttarAdhyayana 28-35 / Avazyaka sUtra, samyaktva paatth|

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samyagdarzana : eka tulanAtmaka cintana | 63 taraha samyagdarzana tattvasAkSAtkAra, AtmasAkSAtkAra, antarbodha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA tathA bhakti Adi arthoM ko liye hue haiN| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA tathAgata buddha ke yuga meM pratyeka dharma pravartaka apane siddhAnta ko samyagdRSTi aura dUsare ke siddhAnta ko mithyAdRSTi kahatA thaa| bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM bAsaTha mithyAdRSTiyoM kA varNana hai aura sUtrakRtAMga Adi meM tIna sau tirasaTha mithyAdRSTiyoM kA vivecana hai| yahA~ para mithyAdRSTi zabda azraddhA aura mithyA zabda ke artha meM nahIM kintu galata dRSTikoNa ke artha meM hai / jaba yaha prazna uThA-galata dRSTikoNa kyA hai taba kahA gayA-AtmA aura jagata ke sambandha meM jo galata dRSTikoNa hai, vahI mithyA darzana hai| ataH pratyeka dharmapravartaka ne AtmA aura jagata kA pratipAdana kiyA aura apane dRSTikoNa para vizvAsa karane ko samyagdarzana aura dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa para vizvAsa karanA mithyAdarzana mAna liyA hai| isa taraha samyagdarzana tattva zraddhAna ke artha meM prayukta huaa| kintu usakI bhAvanA meM parivartana ho cukA thaa| usameM zraddhA tattvasvarUpa kI mAnyatA ke sambandha meM thii| usake pazcAt zraddhA viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke sambandha meM kendrita huii| bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se samyagdarzana kA artha hai yathArtha dRSTikoNa / yathArtha dRSTikoNa pratyeka sAmAnya vyakti prApta nahIM kara sktaa| satya kI svAnubhUti kA mArga kaThina hai| para jinhoMne apanI anubhUti se satya ko jAnA hai aura usakA jo svarUpa batAyA hai usa yathArtha dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra karanA samyagdarzana hai / cAhe samyagdarzana ko yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tattvArtha zraddhAna usa meM koI antara nahIM hai| antara hai usako prApta karane kI vidhi meM / eka vaijJAnika svayaM prayogazAlA meM baiThakara prayoga kara satya kA udghATana karatA hai| dUsarA vyakti usa vaijJAnika ke kathana para vizvAsa karake yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai / donoM hI sthitiyoM meM yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnA jAtA hai, para vidhi meM antara hotA hai / eka ne svayaM ko anubhUti se satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai to dUsare vyakti ne zraddhA ke dvArA satya ko jAnA hai| yA to svayaM sAkSAtkAra kare yA jina mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne tattva ko sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai unakI bAta ko svIkAra kre| jaina tattva manISiyoM ne jaina AcAra kA AdhAra samyagdarzana ko mAnA hai / AcArya devavAcaka ne samyagdarzana ko saMgha rUpI sumeru parvata kI atyanta sudRr3ha aura gahana bhU-pIThikA (AdhAra zilA) kahA hai jisa para jJAna aura cAritra rUpI zreSTha dhana kI parvatamAlA sthira rahI huI hai| jaina AcAra zAstra kI dRSTi se samyagdarzana ko mokSa ko praveza-patra kahA hai kyoMki samyagdarzana ke binA samyagjJAna nahIM hotA aura samyagajJAna ke binA AcaraNa meM nirmalatA nahIM AtI aura binA AcaraNa kI nirmalatA ke karma naSTa nahIM hote / aura binA karma naSTa hue nirvANa prApta nahIM hotaa| 1 nandI sUtra 1-12 / . uttarAdhyayana 28-30 /

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94 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 samyagdRSTi sAdhaka pApa kA AcaraNa nahIM krtaa| kyoMki AcaraNa kA sahI aura galata honA vyakti kI dRSTi para nirbhara hai| jo samyagdRSTi hotA hai usakA AcaraNa hamezA nahI hotA hai, sat hotA hai aura mithyAhRSTi vAle kA AcaraNa asat hotA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki mithyAdRSTi kitanA bhI dAna aura puruSArtha kare kintu yathArtha dRSTi ke abhAva meM usakA vaha puruSArtha mukti kI ora nahIM le jaataa| vaha to karma bandhana ke kAraNa hoNge| mithyAdRSTi kA sArA puruSArtha azuddha hI hogaa| kintu samyagdRSTi meM phala kI AkAMkSA na hone se usakA sabhI puruSArtha vizuddha hotA hai| vaidika dRSTi se samyagdarzana vaidika paramparA meM bhI samyagdarzana kA viziSTa sthAna rahA hai| AcArya manu ne AcArAMga kI taraha hI kahA hai--samyagdRSTisampanna vyakti karma kA bandhana nahIM krtaa| jo vyakti samyagdarzana se rahita hai vahI vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA Adi meM 'samyagdarzana' zabda nahIM miltaa| kintu samyagdarzana kA jo paryAyavAcI zabda zraddhA hai| usakA vistAra se vizleSaNa hai| gItAkAra ne kahA-ki vahI jJAna kA adhikArI hai jisake jIvana meM zraddhA kA Aloka hai| jisa vyakti kI jaisI zraddhA hogI, jaisA jIvana ke prati usakA dRSTikoNa hogA, vaisA hI usakA jIvana banatA hai| . zrIkRSNa ne vIra arjuna ke kurukSetra se maidAna meM kahA yadi koI durAcArI vyakti hai usakI mujha para dar3ha niSThA hai aura mujhe smaraNa karatA hai to vaha cira zAMti ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ___AcArya zaMkara ne samyagdarzana kA mahatva pratipAdita karate hue likhA haisamyagdarza naniSTha puruSa saMsAra ke bIja rUpa avidyA Adi doSoM kA unmUlana avazya karatA hai aura nirvANa lAbha prApta karatA hai / to spaSTa hai, jaba taka samyagdarzana nahIM hotA vahA~ taka rAga kA uccheda nahIM hotA aura binA rAga ke uccheda ke mukti nahIM hotI / jisa vyakti kI jaise zraddhA hogI vaisA 1 AcArAMga 13 / 2 / sUtrakRtAMga 1-8-22 / 23 / manusmRti 6-74 / 4 "zraddhAvAn labhate jnyaanN"| 5 giitaa| 6 gItA 17-3 / 7 gItA bhASya 6-30/31, 18-12 /

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samyagdarzana : eka tulanAtmaka cintana | 65 hI vyakti kA nirmANa hogaa| asamyak jIvana dRSTi patana kA mArga hai| to samyak jIvana dRSTi utthAna kA mArga hai| yaha satya hai ki jaina darzana meM zraddhA kA artha tattvazraddhA ke artha meM hai to gItA meM zraddhA Izvara ke prati hai| gItA kA yaha abhimata hai 'jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie saMzaya rahita honA Avazyaka hai| yadi mana meM zraddhA nahIM hai to cAhe Apa kitanA bhI tarka kIjie, dAna dIjie yA yajJa kIjie, sabhI nirarthaka hai / zraddhA ke bhI gItAkAra ne tIna bheda kiye haiM--sAtvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa / sAtvika zraddhA vaha jisameM satoguNa pradhAna hotA hai| vaha zraddhA devatAoM ke prati hotI hai| rAjasa zraddhA meM rajoguNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vaha zraddhA yakSa-rAkSasoM prati hotI hai / tAmasa zraddhA meM tamoguNa kI pradhAnatA hai / yaha zraddhA bhUta aura pretoM kI ora hotI hai| zrImadbhagavad gItA meM zraddhA aura bhakti ke vibhinna AdhAra mAne gaye haiM / usa dRSTi se zraddhA ke cAra prakAra hote haiM (1) jo zraddhA jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAta hotI hai, jo sAdhaka paramAtmatattva kA sahI sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai usa jJAna ke AdhAra para jo zraddhA udbuddha hotI hai vaha jJAnI kI zraddhA mAnI jAtI hai / isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA saMzaya nahIM hotaa| (2) dvitIya zraddhA meM jijJAsA hotI hai, vaha jijJAsA bhakti kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai / isa zraddhA meM kabhI-kabhI saMzaya bhI hotA hai, kyoMki vaha jijJAsA para AdhRta hai| (3) tRtIya prakAra kI zraddhA vaha hai jisameM kaSTa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai; saMkaToM se grasita vyakti socatA hai ki mujhe koI zakti ina kaSToM se mukta kara de| usakI zraddhA meM dainyavRtti hotI hai| (4) caturtha zraddhA meM svArtha bhAvanA hotI hai| apane ArAdhya deva se kucha prApta ho isa dRSTi se vaha bhakti karatA hai aura zraddhA rakhatA hai / vaha socatA hai mujhe isa kArya meM saphalatA mila jAya / usako zraddhA svArtha para AdhRta hone se vAstavika zraddhA nahIM hotii| vaha abhinaya to vAstavika zraddhA kA karatA hai kintu usameM vAstavika zraddhA kA abhAva hotA hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne bhaktoM ko yaha AzvAsana diyA hai ki tuma mere para pUrNa 1 gItA 17-3 / . gItA 17-15 / 3 vahI0 17-2/4 / + vahI0 7-16 / 5 gItA 18/65-66 //

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66 | cintana ke vividha AyAma : khaNDa 1 niSThA rakho, tuma apane jIvana kI bAgaDora mere ko sa~bhalA do| maiM tumhArA uddhAra kara duuNgaa| para, jaina aura bauddha vAGmaya meM isa prakAra kA AzvAsana mahAvIra aura buddha ne kahIM para bhI nahIM diyA hai / jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana ke aticAra batAye haiM / usameM saMzaya aticAra hai, to gItAkAra ne bhI saMzaya ko jIvana kA doSa mAnA hai / phala AkAMkSA ko jaina darzana meM aticAra mAnA hai / sAdhaka ko ekAnta nirjarA ke lie sAdhanA karanI cAhie | vaise hI gItAkAra ne bhI phala kI AkAMkSA se jo bhakti karatA hai usakI bhakti zreSTha koTi meM nahIM mAnI hai / vaha bhakti AdhyAtmika dRSTi se heya hai / vaha sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke patha para Age nahIM bar3hAtI / jo sAdhaka viveka ko vismRta hokara, bhogoM ke prati Asakta hokara, paramAtma tattva ko vismRta hokara devatAoM kI zaraNa ko grahaNa karate haiM; una devatAoM kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA ke dvArA apanI icchAoM kI pUrti karanA cAhate haiM ve devatAoM ko prApta hote haiM, para mujhe vahI prApta hotA hai jisakI mere para gaharI niSThA hotI hai / " isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki zraddhA ke rUpa meM samyagdarzana kI vyAkhyA gItA meM kI gaI hai aura use jIvana meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| gItA kI zraddhA bhI anAsakta jIvana jIne kI preraNA pradAna karatI hai to samyagdarzana meM bhI vahI vicAradhArA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se; samanvaya kI bhAvanA se cintana karane para bahuta kucha samAtA prApta hotI hai / 1 gItA 4-40 / 2 gItA 7-21/23 /

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cintana ke vividha AyAma sr sarve suvinA dvitIya khaNDa saMskRti - sAhitya - cintana 1-sAMskRtika paramparA : tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2-karmayogI zrI kRSNa ke AgAmI bhava : eka anucintana __ 3-paTTAvalI paryavekSaNa 4-jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAeM 5-jaina muniyoM kA sAhityika yogadAna 6-rAjasthAna ke prAkRta zvetAmbara-sAhityakAra 7-bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA 8-santa kavi AcArya zrI jayamala jI mahArAja 6-sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka adhyAtma-kavi zrI nemIcandajI mahArAja 10-caturmukhI pratibhA ke dhanI upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja 11-rASTra kA merudaNDa : yuvaka

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sAMskRtika paramparA : tulanAtmaka adhyayana AdhyAtmika vijaya jaina dharma eka mahAna vijetA kA dharma hai| sunahare atIta kA avalokana karane para yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki mAnava sadA se hI vijetA kA upAsaka rahA hai| vijetA ke caraNoM meM usakA sira nata hotA rahA hai, usakI vaha arcanA va abhyarthanA karatA rahA hai / 'indra' aura 'jina' ye donoM hI vijetA rahe haiM, para donoM kI vijaya meM dina-rAta kI taraha antara hai / indra ne apanI bhautika zakti se virodhI zaktiyoM ko naSTa kara diyA thA jisase ki ve punaH apanA sira na uThA sakeM aura vaha vijetA ke gauravapUrNa pada ko sadA alaMkRta karatA rhe| usakI vaha vijaya bhautika zaktiyoM para thii| usane virodhiyoM ke antarmAnasa meM eka bhayaMkara AtaMka paidA kiyA thA, usakI vijaya tana para thI, mana para nahIM; kintu jina kI vijaya AdhyAtmika thI, vaha dUsaroM para nahIM apane hI vikAroM para thI, vAsanA para thii| unhoMne moha rAjA kI virAT senA ko parAjita kiyA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura mithyAtva ke senApatiyoM ko parAsta kiyA, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ko naSTa kara ve jina bane, yaha unakI AdhyAtmika vijaya thii| indra aura jina bhArata kI pAvana puNya dharA para do pramukha saMskRtiyoM ne janma liyA, ve yahA~ para khUba phalI-phUlI aura vikasita huI haiN| una do saMskRtiyoM meM eka indra kI upA. sanA karatI rahI hai to dUsarI jina kii| indra kI upAsanA karane vAlI saMskRti brAhmaNa saMskRti hai to jina kI upAsanA karane vAlI saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti hai / brAhmaNa saMskRti bAhya vijetAoM kI saMskRti hai / usane bAhya zakti kI abhivRddhi ke lie athaka prayAsa kiyA hai| usakI satat yahI bhAvanA rahI hai ki maiM sau varSa 1 (ka) Rgveda 7 / 6-6 / 16 / (kha) yajurveda 36 / 24 / (ga) pazyema zaradaH zatam / jIvema zaradaH zatam / budhyema zaradaH zatam / rohema zaradaH zatam / / [kramazaH]

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2 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] taka acchI taraha se jIUM / sau varSa taka merI bhujAoM meM apAra bala rhe| sau varSa taka mere pairoM meM aMgada kI taraha zakti rahe / sau varSa taka merI netra jyoti pUrNa nirmala aura tejasvI rahe / prabhRti udgAroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki usakA lakSya tana ko sudRr3ha banAne kA thaa| bhautika vaibhava ko prApta karane kA thaa| bhautika vaibhava ko prApta karane ke lie aharniza prabala prayAsa bhI karate rhe| kintu zramaNa saMskRti Atma-vijetA ko saMskRti hai| usane tana kI apekSA AtmA ko puSTa banAne para atyadhika bala diyA hai| AtmA kisa taraha vikAroM se mukta ho isake lie tapa, japa aura saMyama sAdhanA ko apanAne ke lie utprerita kiyaa| mohanajodar3o aura har3appA se prApta dhvaMsAvazeSoM ne bhI yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke upAsaka AdhyAtmika utkarSa ke lie satata tatpara rahe haiN| dhyAna mudrA meM avasthita unakI ve mudrAe~ isa bAta kA jvalaMta pramANa haiM / brahmavidyA aura AtmavidyA bhAratIya sAhitya ke mUrdhanya manISiyoM kA yaha abhimata hai ki upaniSad yuga meM jisa brahmavidyA kA vistAra se vizleSaNa huA hai vaha brahmavidyA pahale yajJavidyA thI phira Atma-vidyA ke rUpa meM vizruta huI / Atma-vidyA ke puraskartA kSatriya the jo zramaNa saMskRti ke upAsaka the| Atma-vidyA ko prApta karane ke lie brAhmaNa bhI kSatriyoM ke pAsa pahuMce the, aura unhoMne unase Atma-vidyA prApta kI thii| zramaNa saMskRti ne Atma-bala se hI brAhmaNa saMskRti para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAI / vaidika kAla AtmA, karma Adi kI gambhIra carcAe~ nahIM ke samAna haiM para upaniSad yuga meM una viSayoM para carcAe~ jamakara huI haiN| pahale brahma kA artha yajJa, usake maMtra va stotra Adi the para zramaNa saMskRti ke prabala prabhAva se brahma kA artha AtmA va paramAtmA ho gyaa| saMskRtiyoM kA paraspara prabhAva aitihAsika vijJoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki prAcIna upaniSadoM kA racanA kAla vahI hai jo bhagavAna pArzva aura mahAvIra kA hai| ataH usa kAla meM eka [kramazaH] pUrvama zaradaH zatam / bhavema zaradaH zatam / bhUSema zaradaH zatam / bhUyasIH zaradaH zatam // - arzva0 16 / 67 / 1-8 / 1 chAndogya upaniSad 5 / 3, 5 / 11 / 2 (ka) dekhie-lekhaka kA 'bhagavAna pArzva : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana', pRSTha 18-16 / [kramazaH]

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sAMskRtika paramparA : tulanAtmaka adhyayana | 3 saMskRti kA dUsarI saMskRti para prabhAva pdd'aa| eka dUsare ne eka dUsare kI vicAra - dhArA ko va zabdoM ko grahaNa kiyA / brAhmaNa saMskRti ke upAsaka apane Apa ko Arya mAnate the, aura zramaNa saMskRti ke upAsakoM ko Aryetara mAnate the / zramaNa saMskRti ne Arya zabda ko apanAyA / jo jyeSTha va zreSTha vyakti the unake lie 'Arya' zabda vyavahRta hone lagA / Agama sAhitya meM anekoM sthaloM para Arya zabda AyA hai / nandIsUtra' va kalpasUtra' kI sthavirAvalI meM 'ajja' zabda AcAryoM ke lie prayukta huA hai / brAhmaNa zabda pahale kevala vaidika paramparA ke eka samudAya vizeSa ke lie hI prayukta hotA thA, para zramaNa saMskRti ne 'brAhmaNa' zabda ko bhI apanAyA / uttarAdhyayana' ke paccIsaveM adhyayana meM brAhmaNa zabda kI vistAra se vyAkhyA kI ki 'brAhmaNa' vaha hai jisakA jIvana sadguNoM se lahalahA rahA hai jo utkRSTa cAritra sampanna zramaNa hai, vaha brAhmaNa hai / brAhmaNa zabda bhI zramaNa saMskRti meM zramaNa ke lie prayukta huA hai / jaina saMskRti kI bhA~ti bauddha saMskRti meM bhI vaha zramaNa ke artha meM AyA hai / dhammapada' kA brAhmaNavarga aura suttanipAta kA vAmeTThasutta isa kathana ke sAkSya haiM / brAhmaNa sAhitya meM brahmacarya kA artha vedoM ke paThana ke artha meM rahA hai / isIlie brahmacaryAzrama use kahA gayA hai / zramaNa paramparA meM 'brahmacarya' AcAra ke artha meM prayukta huA hai | AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke adhyayanoM ko isIlie brahmacarya adhyayana 7 kahA hai aura bauddha paramparA meM vahI brahmavihAra ke rUpa meM vizruta rahA hai| brahmacarya se laukika AcAra-vicAra nahIM kintu AdhyAtmika samutkarSa karane vAlA AcAra liyA hai / brAhmaNa saMskRti meM pahale tIna hI Azrama the kintu zramaNa saMskRti ke prabhAva se 1 [kramazaH ] (kha) dI vedAja pR. 146 148, epha0 meksamUlara / (ga) poliTikala hisTrI oNpha ensiyanTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 52, eca. sI. rAyacaudharI / (gha) iNDiyana philosaphI, bhAga 1, pR. 142, DA. rAdhAkRSNan / zatapatha brAhmaNa ( kANva zAkhA 4 | 1 | 6 ) | (kha) Rgveda ( 1151, 6 / 201, 25 / 1 / 2 / atharvaveda 4 / 204, 8 / 2 nandI, sthavirAvalI 26-26 // 3 kalpasUtra - sthavirAvalI, sUtra 202-222 / 4 uttarAdhyayana 25 / 16-26 / 5 dhammapada, brAhmaNa varga 36 / 6 suttanipAta vAseTThatta 35; 245 adhyAya / 7 (ka) samavAyAMga prakIrNaka 6, sUtra 3 / (kha) AcArAMganiryukti, gAthA 11 /

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4 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] saMnyAsAzrama ne sthAna pAyA aura saMnyAsiyoM kI AcAra saMhitA bhI jaina zramaNoM kI "bhA~ti hI milatI-julatI rakhI gaI / AtmA, karma, vrata Adi AdhyAtmika viSayoM ko bhI brAhmaNa saMskRti ne acchI taraha se apanAyA / saMskRtiyoM meM matabheda saMskRti na ekAnta rUpa zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRti meM jahA~ para aneka bAtoM meM paraspara samanvaya huA hai, eka saMskRti dUsarI saMskRti se prabhAvita huI hai vahA~ para donoM hI saMskRtiyoM meM aneka bAtoM meM matabheda bhI rahA hai| jaina se jJAnapradhAna hai, na ekAnta rUpa se cAritrapradhAna hai usane jJAna aura kriyA ina donoM para bala diyA hai jabaki brAhmaNa saMskRti meM 'jJAna' para atyadhika bala diyA gayA / usakA yaha vajra AghoSa rahA 'Rte jJAnAnnamuktiH jJAna ke abhAva meM mukti nahIM hotI; na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate jJAna ke samAna koI pavitra nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki brAhmaNa saMskRti ke divya Aloka meM panapane vAle darzanoM ne bhI jJAna para atyadhika bala diyA aura usI se mokSa mAnA hai / nyAyadarzana kA abhimata hai ki kAraNa kI nivRtti hone para hI kArya kI nivRtti hotI hai / saMsAra kA kAraNa mithyAjJAna hai / jaba mithyAjJAna rUpa kAraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai taba duHkha, janma, pravRtti doSa, prabhRti kArya bhI svata naSTa ho jAte haiM ataH tatvajJAna hI duHkhanivRtti rUpa mokSa kA kAraNa hai / sAMkhyadarzana kA mantavya hai ki prakRti aura puruSa kA jahA~ taka viveka jJAna nahIM hotA vahA~ taka mukti nahIM ho sakatI / jaba prakRti aura puruSa meM bhedavijJAna hotA hai taba puruSa svayaM ko niHsaMga, nirlepa, aura pRthaka mAnane lagatA hai, yaha viveka khyAti hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai / vaizeSika darzana kA kahanA hai - icchA aura dva eSa hI dharma-adharma, sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa haiM / tatvajJAnI icchA aura dveSa se rahita hotA hai ataH use sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti nahIM hotI / vaha anAgata karmoM kA nirundhana kara saMcita karmoM ko jJAnAgni se vinaSTa kara mokSa prApta karatA hai ataH tatvajJAna hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai / isa taraha jJAna ko pramukhatA dekara cAritra kI upekSA kI gaI, jisake phalasvarUpa hama dekhate haiM yAjJavalkya brahmarSi jaise pahu~ce hue RSigaNa bhI gAyoM ke parigraha ko parigraha meM nahIM ginate / unake maitreyI aura kAtyAyanI ye do patniyA~ haiM / saMpatti ke vibhAjana kI gaMbhIra samasyA hai | " aneka RSiyoM ke virAT Azrama haiM jahA~ sahasrAdhika gAyeM bhI haiM / jJAna ke kSetra meM RSigaNa jahA~ U~cI ur3AneM bharate rahe haiM vahA~ AcaraNa ke kSetra meM 1 AraMbhu vijjAcaraNaM pamokkhaM - sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 12 / 11 / zrImadbhAgavad gItA 4 | 38 / 2 8 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad /

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sAMskRtika paramparA: tulanAtmaka adhyayana | 5 unake kadama kucha zithila pratIta hote haiM / vaidika paramparA meM hI mImAMsaka darzana Adi kI kucha aisI vicAradhArA bhI rahI hai ki unhoMne jJAna kI sarvathA upekSA bhI kI hai| unakA mata hai ki jJAna kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kriyA kI AvazyakatA hai| binA kriyA ke jJAna bhAra rUpa hai 'jJAnaM bhAraH kriyAM binA ' ataH vedokta kriyAkANDa vidhi-vidhAna karate rahanA caahie| jAnanA mukhya nahIM hai, AcaraNa mukhya hai / jJAna kriyAbhyAM mokSa jaina saMskRti ne na kevala jJAna ko mahatva diyA hai aura na kevala kriyA ko hI / usakA yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki jJAna ke abhAva kI kevala kriyA thothI hai, niSprANa hai, aMdhI hai / vicArarahita korA AcaraNa bhava-bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai, isI taraha korA jJAna yA vicAra laMgar3A hai, gatihIna hai, AdhyAtmika pragati kA bAdhaka hai / jaba taka jJAna aura kriyA, vicAra aura AcAra donoM pRthak-pRthak rahate haiM vahA~ taka apUrNa haiN| donoM kA samanvaya hone para hI ve pUrNa hote haiM / ucca vicAra ke sAtha ucca AcAra kI bhI AvazyakatA hai / ananta gagana meM U~cI ur3Ana bharane ke lie pakSI ko svastha aura avikala donoM pAMkheM apekSita haiM vaise hI sAdhanA ke ananta AkAza meM AdhyAtmika ur3Ana bharane ke lie jJAna aura kriyA, AcAra aura vicAra ko svastha pA~kheM paramAvazyaka haiM / yadi eka hI pA~kha svastha hai aura dUsarI pA~kha sar3a cukI hai, yA naSTa ho cukI hai, to vaha pakSI ananta AkAza meM ur3a nahIM sakatA, vaha cAhe kitanA bhI prayAsa kara le saphalatA prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isalie usane jJAna aura kriyA ina donoM kA samanvaya kiyA / jaina saMskRti ne jitanA jJAna para bala diyA hai utanA hI cAritra para bhI diyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRti kA zramaNa pUrNa aparigrahI hotA hai / na usake svayaM kA koI AvAsa hotA hai aura na strI Adi hI / strI Adi ke sparza Adi kA bhI spaSTa rUpa se niSedha hai / vaha kanaka aura kAMtA donoM kA tyAgI hotA hai / zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRti meM dUsarA mukhya antara yaha hai ki zramaNa saMskRti prabhAva se brAhmaNa saMskRti ne 'saMnyAsa' ko to svIkAra kiyA para saMnyAsa ko vaha utanI pramukhatA nahIM de sakA, jitanI gRhasthAzrama ko dI / gRhasthAzrama sabhI AzramoM kA mUla hai| smRtikAroM ne use sarvAdhika mahatva diyA hai / use hI saba AzramoM meM mukhya mAnA / zrAddha Adi ke lie santAna Avazyaka mAnI gaI jabaki zramaNa saMskRti meM zramaNa hI pramukha rahA / vahI pUrNa AdhyAtmika utkarSa kara sakatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kisI varNa vizeSa ko pramukhatA nahIM dI / yadyapi sabhI tIrthaMkara kSatriya varNa meM hI hue, para kSatriya varNa 'sarvazreSTha hai yaha bAta nahIM hai / zUdra bhI yadi cAritraniSTha hai to vaha kSatriyoM ke dvArA pUjya hai, arcanIya hai / harikezI aura metArya' isake jvalaMta 1 uttarAdhyayana 12vA~ adhyayana | 2 Avazyaka malayagirivRtti patra 477-478 /

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6 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] udAharaNa haiM / jAti-pA~ti, bheda-bhAva kI dIvAroM ko tor3ane meM zramaNa saMskRti kA pramukha hAtha rahA hai / 'manuSya jAti eka hai' eka U~cA aura eka nIcA mAnanA mAnavatA kA apamAna hai| ___brAhmaNa saMskRti meM brAhmaNa kI pramukhatA rahI hai| vaha sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai / usake sAmane anya varNa hIna mAne gaye / zUdroM ko to veda par3hane kA adhikAra hI nahIM diyA gyaa| yahA~ taka ki zUdra ke kAna meM veda kI RcAe~ gira jAtI to unake karNa-kuharoM meM garmAgarma zIzA ur3ela kara prANadaNDa diyA jAtA thaa| unake sAtha dAnavatApUrNa vyavahAra kiyA jaataa| AdhyAtmika utkrAnti kA unheM koI adhikAra nahIM thaa| isI taraha brAhmaNa saMskRti ne mahilA varga ko bhI atyanta hIna dRSTi se dekhA / unake lie bhI vedoM kA adhyayana niSiddha mAnA gayA jabaki jaina saMskRti ne spaSTa udghoSa kiyA ki mahilAe~ bhI kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana prApta kara sakatI haiM aura mukti ko varaNa kara sakatI haiN| isa taraha 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' 'vizvaM bhavatyeka nIDam' kA udghoSa karake bhI brAhmaNa saMskRti ne jAti-pAMti, U~ca-nIca kI sthiti samAja meM utpanna kI / brAhmaNa varNa kI hI mahattA rahI, aura usameM bhI puruSa varga kI hii| nivRtti aura pravRtti zramaNa saMskRti aura brAhmaNa saMskRti meM mukhya antara yaha bhI rahA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti nivRttipradhAna hai, usakI sampUrNa AcAra saMhitA nivRttiparaka hai / usane mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko rokane para bala diyA / yahA~ taka ki koI bhI pApakArI kArya na svayaM karanA, na dUsaroM ko usa kArya ko karane ke lie utprerita karanA aura na karane vAle kA anumodana karanA, mana se, vacana se aura kAyA se / isa taraha zramaNa ke nava koTi kA pratyAkhyAna hotA hai| usakI pravRtti kevala saMyama sAdhanA, tapaH ArAdhanA ke lie hI hotI hai, zeSa kArya ke lie nhiiN| jabaki brAhmaNa saMskRti pravRttipradhAna hai / yajJa, yAga, karmakANDa usake phalAphala kI jo bhI carcAeM haiM ve sabhI pravRtti kI dRSTi se hI haiM / zramaNa saMskRti kI jo bhI dhArmika sAdhanAe~ haiM ve sabhI sAdhanAe~ vyaktiparaka haiM jabaki brAhmaNa dharma kI sAdhanAeM samAjaparaka rahI haiN| samAja ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara hI vahAM sAdhanAe~ calI haiM / yaha satya hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ne bAda meM calakara samAja vyavasthA apanAI aura sAmUhika sAdhanA para usane bhI bala diyaa| janabhASA zramaNa saMskRti aura brAhmaNa saMskRti meM yaha bhI eka mukhya antara rahA hai ki 1 na strIzUdro vedamadhIyetAm / 2 vedamupazRNvatastasya jatubhyAM zrotraH pratipUraNamuccAraNe jihvAcchedo dhAraNe zarIrabhedaH / -gautama dharmasUtra pR0 165 /

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sAMskRtika paramparA tulanAtmaka adhyayana | 7 zramaNa saMkRti ne janabhASA kA upayoga kiyA hai| usakA yaha spaSTa mantavya thA ki bhASA eka dUsare ke sAtha samparka sthApita karane kA eka sazakta mAdhyama hai / usakA uddezya hai apane bhItara ke jagat ko dUsaroM ke bhItarI jagata meM utAranA / yahI bhASA kI upayogitA hai / bhASA bar3appana kA mApadaNDa nahIM hai / ataH mahAvIra ne abhijAtya bhASA yA paNDitoM kI bhASA na apanA kara usa samaya kI janabhASA prAkRta ko apanAyA / vaha bhASA magadha ke Adhe bhAga meM bolI jAtI thI ataH vaha ardhamAgadhI kahalAtI thI / ardhamAgadhI usa samaya kI eka pratiSThita lokabhASA thii| prAkRta kA artha hai-prakRti janatA kI bhASA / isI taraha tathAgata buddha ne bhI jana bolI pAlI ko apanAyA thaa| para brAhmaNa saMskRti ne jana-bhASA kI upekSA kI, usane sAlaMkRta saMskRta bhASA ko apanAyA aura usI bhASA kA prayoga karane meM bar3appana kA anubhava kiyA / unhoMne prAkRta aura pAlI bhASA ke virodha meM bhI apanA svara bulanda kiyA aura kahAye bhASAe~ mUoM kI bhASAe~ haiM, aura kama par3hI-likhI striyoM kI bhASAe~ haiM / prAcIna nATakoM meM zUdra aura mahilA pAtroM ke muMha se una bhASAoM kA prayoga karAkara brAhmaNa vijJoM ne una bhASAoM ke prati apane hRdaya kA Akroza bhI vyakta kiyA hai / zramaNa saMskRti meM 'devANuppiyA' yaha zabda devatAoM ke vallabha yAni atyanta Adara kA sUcaka rahA hai jabaki brAhmaNa saMskRti meM 'devAnAM priya' yaha zabda mUrkha ke lie vyavahRta huA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai eka saMskRti ke anuyAyI dUsarI saMskRti kA virodha karane meM apanA gaurava anubhava karate rahe haiN| sRSTi anAdi hai zramaNa saMskRti aura brAhmaNa saMskRti meM eka mukhya antara yaha bhI rahA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ne kisI eka parama tatva kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, jo sRSTi kA nirmANa saMrakSaNa aura saMhAra karatI ho / zramaNa saMskRti kA yaha dRr3ha maMtavya hai ki yaha sRSTi anAdi hai, isakA nirmAtA koI Izvara nahIM hai / saMsAra, cakra kI bhAMti anAdi kAla se cala rahA hai| vyakti jisa prakAra ke karma karatA hai usI prakAra vaha cAra gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai / azubha karmoM kI prabalatA hone para use naraka gati kI bhayaMkara yAtanAe~ milatI haiM, zubha karmoM kI prabalatA hone para svarga ke raMgIna sukha prApta hote haiM aura zuddha kI prabalatA hone para mukta hotA hai / saMsAra cakra se mukta hone ke lie hI sAdhanAeM haiM / sAdhanA ke lie prabala puruSArtha apekSita hai / sAdhaka ko hI saba kucha karanA hai / brAhmaNa saMskRti ne eka parama sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai vahI 1 (ka) addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsai arihA dhamma / -aupapAtika sUtra 56 (kha) magaddhavisaya bhAsANibaddha addhamAgahaM, aTThArasa desI bhAsANimayaM vA addhamAgahaM / -nizIthacUrNi

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8 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] sRSTi kA nirmANa karatI hai, sRSTi kA saMrakSaNa aura saMhAra karatI hai| vaha sattA, brahmA, viSNu aura mahAdeva ke rUpa meM vizruta hai / yadi paramAtmA kI kRpA ho jAye to pApI se pApI jIva bhI svarga ko prApta kara sakatA hai| usakI prasannatA se hI jIvana meM sukha-zAnti kI baMzI bajane lagatI hai, Ananda kA sarasabja bAga laharAne lagatA hai / yadi bhagavAna kiMcit mAtra bhI aprasanna ho jAte haiM to naraka kI dAruNa vedanAeM milatI haiM / kaSToM kI kAlI kajarAlI ghaTAeM umar3a-ghumar3a kara maMDarAne lagatI haiM / vaha cAhe jise tirA sakatA hai aura cAhe jise DubA sakatA hai / tirAnA aura DubAnA usI parama sattA ke hAtha meM hai / usakI binA icchA ke per3a kA eka pattA bhI hila nahIM sakatA 11 Izvara sRSTikartA nahIM zramaNa saMskRti ne Izvara ko jagata kA kartA va saMhartA nahIM mAnA hai / pAzcAtya cintaka jaba taka zramaNa saMskRti ke samparka meM nahIM Aye taba taka unakA yaha mAnanA thA ki binA Izvara ke koI bhI dharma nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki islAma, IsAI, pArasI Adi bhAratIyetara dharmoM meM bhI Izvara ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA thA, ata: unheM apanI mAnyatAoM va paribhASAoM meM parivartana karanA pdd'aa| jaina dharma ne sarvazaktisampanna Izvara ke sthAna para karma kI saMsthApanA kI / usakA abhimata hai ki anAdi kAla se jo yaha saMsAra cakra cala rahA hai vaha karma ke kAraNa hai / karma ke kAraNa hI sukha aura duHkha upalabdha hotA hai / jaba taka jIva ke sAtha karma hai taba taka saMsAra hai / bhava-bhramaNa hai / karma naSTa hote hI saMsAra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / karma hI saMsAra kI vyavasthA karatA hai / jaina dharma ke prastuta karmavAda siddhAnta kA bhAratIya anya darzanoM para bhI atyadhika prabhAva par3A jisake phalasvarUpa Izvara ko sRSTikartA mAnane vAle una darzanoM ne bhI karma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyaa| unhoMne yaha kahA ki Izvara apanI icchA se kisI bhI prANI ko sukha-duHkha pradAna nahIM karatA / vaha to usa prANI ke karma ke AdhAra se hI sukha-duHkha Adi phala pradAna karatA hai / jaina saMskRti ne karma kI mahattA ko svIkAra karake bhI yaha spaSTa kiyA ki AtmA apane puruSArtha se karma ko naSTa kara sakatA hai | AtmA alaga hai aura karma alaga hai / karma jar3a hai aura AtmA cetana hai, yoM karma atyadhika balavAna hai kintu AtmA kI zakti usase bar3hakara hai vaha cAhe to prabala prayAsa se karma zatruoM ko naSTa kara pUrNa sarvatantra svatantra bana sakatA hai / jainAcAra kI mUlamitti: ahiMsA jaina dRSTi se jIva kI do sthitiyA~ haiM - eka azuddha hai aura dUsarI zuddha hai / 1 Izvaraprerito gacchet svargaM vA zvabhrameva vA / anyo janturamIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH // - syAdvAdmaMjarI, pRSTha 30 /

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sAMskRtika paramparA : tulanAtmaka adhyayana | E saMsAra avasthA azuddha avasthA hai aura siddha avasthA pUrNa zuddha avasthA hai| saMsAra avasthA meM kitane hI jIva bahirmukhI haiM jo rAga-dveSa meM tallIna hokara pratipala-pratikSaNa nita-nUtana karma bA~dhate rahate haiM / unheM viSaya vAsanA meM rAga-dveSa meM Ananda ko anubhUti hotI hai para jaba bheda-vijJAna ke dvArA viveka dRSTi prApta hotI hai taba use yaha parijJAta hotA hai ki AtmA aura karma ye pRthak-pRthak haiM / maiM jar3a svarUpa nahIM cetana svarUpa huuN| merA svabhAva varNa, gaMdha, rasa, yukta nahIM arUpI hai / prastuta vizvAsa hI jaina darzana kI paribhASA meM samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana prApta hone para sAdhaka vizuddha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI ora agrasara hotA hai| vaha ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa kara jIvana ko camakAtA hai / brAhmaNa saMskRti ke mUrdhanya manISIgaNa apane sukha aura zAnti ke lie yajJa karate the aura usa yajJa meM battIsa lakSaNa vAle mAnavoM kI tathA pazuoM kI bali dete the / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usa ghora hiMsA kA virodha kiyaa| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA kI / brAhmaNa paramparA ke tapasvIgaNa paMcAgni tapa tapate the / nadI, samudra, tAlAba, kuNDa va vATikAoM meM snAna karane meM dharma mAnate the / bhagavAna pArzva aura mahAvIra ne usakA bhI virodha kiyA aura kahA ki agni aura pAnI meM jIva hai| ataH unakI virAdhanA karane meM dharma kadApi nahIM ho sakatA / dharma hiMsA meM nahIM, ahiMsA meM hai / dravya zuci pramukha nahIM, bhAva-zuci pramukha hai / yadi snAna se hI mukti hotI ho to phira machaliyA~ jo rAta-dina pAnI meM hI rahatI haiM unakI mukti ho jAyegI / brAhmaNa paramparA ke RSiyoM ne kanda-mUla Adi ke AhAra para bala diyaa| jaina paramparA ne use bhI ahiMsA kI dRSTi se anucita maanaa| unhoMne kahA kanda-mUla meM ananta jIva hote haiM / anantakAya kA upayoga karanA sAdhakoM ke lie anucita hai| ___ AcArAMga sUtra meM pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati meM bhI jIva hai isa bAta ko spaSTa kiyA hai / ahiMsA kA jo sUkSma vizleSaNa huA hai vaha apUrva hai / jaina AcAra kA bhavya prAsAda ahiMsA kI isI mUla bhitti para avasthita hai / jaina saMskRti ne pratyeka kriyA meM ahiMsA ko sthAna diyA hai / calanA, uThanA, baiThanA, khAnA, pInA, sonA prabhRti jIvana sambandhI koI bhI kriyA kyoM na ho yadi usameM ahiMsA kA Aloka jagamagA rahA hai to vaha kriyA pApa kA anubandhana karane vAlI nahIM hogii| vANI aura vyavahAra meM sarvatra ahiMsA kI upayogitA svIkAra kI gaI hai| zramaNa ke 1 (ka) AcArAMga 11 / (kha) dazavakAlika 4 adhyayana 2 aupapAtika sUtra 38, pR. 170-171 jayaM care jayaM ciTTha, jayamAse jayaM sae / jayaM bhujaMto bhAsato, pAvakammaM na baMdhai / / -dazavakAlika 4 / 8 /

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10 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, yatidharma, dvAdaza anuprekSAeM, bAIsa parISaha, SaDAvazyaka, cAritra aura tapa Adi kI jo bhI sAdhanAe~ haiM unameM ahiMsA kA hI pramukha sthAna hai| ahiMsA ko kendrabindu mAnakara hI anya vratoM kA vikAsa huaa| ahiMsA vANI kA vilAsa nahIM, jIvana kA vAstavika tathya hai / vaha tarka kA nahIM, vyavahAra kA siddhAnta hai, AcaraNa kA mArga hai / zramaNAcAra meM hI nahIM apitu gRhastha ke AcAra meM bhI ahiMsA hI pramukha hai / usake dvAdazavatoM kA AdhAra bhI ahiMsA hI hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ahiMsA kI nahIM jAtI vaha phalita hotI hai| hiMsA se nivRtta honA hI ahiMsA hai / hiMsA kA niSedha kevala AcAra meM hI nahIM vicAra meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| vicAragata hiMsA hI ekAnta darzana hai aura ahiMsA anekAnta darzana hai| AtmA sambandhI dRSTikoNa brAhmaNa paramparA ke kitane hI dArzanikoM kA yaha mantavya thA ki AtmA vyApaka hai / sampUrNa vizva meM kevala eka hI AtmA hai to kitane hI dArzanika AtmA ko cAMvala ke jitanA, jau ke dAne ke jitanA aura aMguSTha ke jitanA mAnate rahe to kitane hI vyApaka mAnate rahe para jaina saMskRti kA yaha mantavya hai ki AtmA zarIra parimANa vAlA hai| yadi AtmA ko vyApaka mAnA jAyegA to punarjanma Adi nahIM ho skegaa| cUMki vyApaka vastu meM gati saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi jau, tila, aura tandula jitanA hI AtmA ko mAnA jAya to zarIra meM utane hI sthAna para kaSTa kA anubhava honA cAhie / sampUrNa zarIra meM nahIM, para aisA hotA nahIM hai / sampUrNa zarIra meM hI sukha aura duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai / jaina saMskRti kA mAnanA hai AtmA eka gati se dUsarI gati meM jAtA hai / usa gamana meM dharmAstikAya sahAyaka banatA hai aura avasthiti meM adharmAstikAya sahAyaka hotA hai / gati sahAyaka dravya dharmAstikAya kahalAtA hai aura sthiti sahAyaka dravya adharmAstikAya hai / ina donoM dravyoM kI carcA jaina darzana ke atirikta anya kisI bhI darzana meM nahIM AI hai / jIva kA svabhAva gamana karane kA hai| jaba jIva karmamukta hotA hai usa samaya usakI gati Urdhva hotI hai| miTTI kA lepa haTane se jaise tumbA pAnI ke Upara AtA hai vaise hI karma kA lepa haTate hI jIva Urdhvagati karatA hai| -dazavakAlika cUNi pra. a. 1 ahiMsA-gahaNe paMca mahatvayANi gahiyANi bhvNti| 2 (ka) chAndogyopaniSad 3 / 14 / 3 (kha) kaThopaniSada 2 / 4 / 12 / 7 (ka) muNDakopaniSada 1116 (kha) chAndogyopaniSada 331413

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sAMskRtika paramparA: tulanAtmaka adhyayana | 11 dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ye kevala loka meM hI haiM ataH jIva lokAgrabhAga para avasthita ho jAtA hai / aloka meM kevala AkAza hI hai, anya koI bhI dravya nahIM hai / karmoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa hI jIva isa virAT vizva meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai / karma AtmA se pRthaka hai | saMsAra meM jo vividhatA dRSTigocara ho rahI hai usakA mUla kAraNa karma hai / karma se hI punarjanma hai / pravAha kI dRSTi se karma jIva ke sAtha anAdiananta kAla se hai / Ayu pUrNa hone para gatinAmakarma ke anusAra jIva cAra gatiyoM meM se kisI eka gati meM janma grahaNa karatA hai aura eka zarIra kA parityAga kara anya zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai / AnupUrvI nAmakarma ke kAraNa vaha jIva usa sthAna para jAtA hai| gatyantara ke samaya tejasa aura kArmaNa ye do zarIra usake sAtha rahate haiM / vaha jahA~ para janma grahaNa karatA hai vahA~ para yadi vaha manuSya aura tiryaMca banatA hai to dArika zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura yadi naraka va devagati meM jAtA hai to vaikriya zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai / karmabaMdha ke mithyAtva avrata, pramAda, kaSAya va yoga ye pA~ca kAraNa haiM jinase karma vargaNA ke pudgala khiMce cale Ate haiM / jitane kAraNa kama hote jAyeMge utanI hI karmabaMdhana meM zithilatA AyegI / mukta hone ke lie karmoM ke pravAha ko rokanA hogA aura pUrvopArjita karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie sAdhanA meM prabala puruSArtha karanA hogA / anya dArzanikoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki jIva aura zarIra kA sambandha hone para bhI jIva meM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM AtA / jIva to zAzvata hai| jo kucha bhI vikAra haggocara hotA hai vaha jIva sambandhI acetana prakRti kA hai| jJAna Adi jitane bhI guNa haiM ve jIva ke nahIM, prakRti ke haiM / puruSa aura prakRti meM bhedajJAna hone se prakRti alaga ho jAtI hai / vahI mokSa hai arthAt saMsAra aura mokSa ye jar3a tatva ke haiM aura puruSa meM Aropita haiM, puruSa to apariNAmI nitya hai / cArvAka darzana kA mantavya hai ki pAMca mahAbhUtoM se jIva kI utpatti hotI hai aura unake naSTa ho jAne se mRtyu hotI hai / ataH punarjanma aura mokSa kA koI prazna hI nahIM hai / isa prakAra prastuta donoM vicAradhArA ke lie jaina manISiyoM ne gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai aura anekAnta dRSTi se usakA samAdhAna kiyA hai ki dravya dRSTi se jIva nitya hai aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya hai / karmajanya paryAya ko naSTakara jIva mukta hotA hai / dravya aura paryAya kI mAnyatA bhI jaina darzana kI apanI mAnyatA hai / dravya aura paryAya ko kramazaH nitya aura anitya mAna kara usane saMsArAvasthA aura muktAvasthA kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| jaina darzana ne pramANa mAnA hai jisase punarjanma meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA zarIravyApI hone se zarIra ke pratyeka kaNa-kaNa meM use sukha va duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai / 1 sa deha pariNAmo - dravya saMgraha | AtmA ko zarIra nahIM AtI aura

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12 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] isa prakAra darzana evaM dharma kI sAMskRtika paramparAoM kA paryavekSaNa karane para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina manISiyoM ne ahiMsA, anekAnta, sarvabhUta samAnatA (atta same mannijja chappikAe) IzvarakartRtva kA asvIkAra karake bhI karma siddhAnta ko jagat vyavasthA kA niyantA tathA naitika jIvana kA mUlAdhAra mAnA hai / jIvana meM jJAna kA mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai, jJAna ko prathama sthAna diyA hai, kintu AcAra kI kataI upekSA nahIM kI hai| balki donoM jJAna-kriyA ko jIvana-zarIra ke do caraNa svIkAra kara samAna mahatva diyA hai| athavA cakSu aura caraNa ke rUpa meM donoM ko hI atyAvazyaka mAnA hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM, bhAratIya cintana kI sAMskRtika dhArA ko jaina manISiyoM ne satat pravahamAna aura nirmala nirdoSa rakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai|

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karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke AgAmI bhava-eka anuciMtana vAsudeva zrIkRSNa AgAmI caubIsI meM kauna se tIrthaMkara hoMge ? isake sambandha meM Agama-sAhitya meM do mAnyatAe~ haiM / antakRtdazAMga ke anusAra zrIkRSNa AgAmI caubIsI meM bArahaveM 'amama' nAmaka tIrthaMkara hoNge| samavAyAGga ke anusAra vAsudeva zrIkRSNa terahaveM niSkaSAya nAmaka tIrthaMkara hoNge| mere sAmane Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita samAvAyAGga , pUjya zrI amolaka RSi jI dvArA sampAdita samavAyAGga', paNDita zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyA dvArA sampAdita ThANAGga-samavAyAGga, suttAgame, paM0 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI dvArA sampAdita samavAyAGga Adi sabhI samavAyAGga kI pratiyoM meM vAsudeva (kA jIva) terahaveM niSkaSAya nAmaka tIrthaMkara hoMge, yaha spaSTa ullekha hai / satyakI kA jIva bArahavAM amama nAmaka tIrthaMkara hogA, yaha likhA hai para pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI ma. sampAdita samavAyAGga meM pATha hI parivartita kara diyA hai / unhoMne vAsudeva ko amama bArahaveM tIrthaMkara honA likhA hai aura satyakI ko terahavA~ sarvabhAvit nAmaka tIrthakara honA likhA hai / pUjya zrI ne sambhava hai antakRtdazAMga ke pATha se mela biThAne ke lie hI yaha pATha parivartana kiyA ho, para isa prakAra AgamoM ke pAThoM meM parivartana karanA anucita hai, astu ! zrIkRSNa ke AgAmI bhavoM ke sambandha meM bhI ekamata nahIM hai| vAsudeva karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne bhagavAna zrI ariSTanemi ke aThAraha hajAra zramaNoM ko eka sAtha antakRtdazAMga, 5 / 1 pR0 230 (AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma0 dvArA sampAdita) samavAyAGga (Agamodaya samiti), pR0 153. samavAyAGga abhayadevavRtti (Agamodaya samiti), pR0 153 / prathama saMskaraNa, pR0 325 / pR0 725, 726, prakAzaka-gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, prathama saMskaraNa / suttAgame, prathama bhAga, pR0 381-382 / pR0 154 / samavAyAGga, pR0 1124, 1127 (pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI dvArA smpaadit)|

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14 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] vidhiyukta namaskAra kiyA / bhAvoM kI vizuddhi se unako eka samaya kSAyika samyaktva kI upalabdhi huI, jinanAma puNyabandha ke dalika unhoMne ekatra kiye | 2 antakRt dazAMga ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke tIna bhava hote haiM / eka bhava kRSNa kA, dUsarA bhava tRtIya pRthvI kA aura tIsarA bhava bArahavA~ amama nAmaka tIrthaMkara kA hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki prastuta avasarpiNI kAla meM Ayu, avagAhanA, gaNa, gaNadhara parivAra eka dUsare tIrthaMkara kA antara Adi sabhI bAteM jaisI antima tIrthaMkara kI hotI hai vaisI hI utsarpiNI kAla meM prathama tIrthaMkara kI hotI haiM / jaise gata caubIsI meM pArzvanAtha kA varNana thA vaise hI AgAmI utsarpiNI meM dUsare tIrthaMkara sUradeva kA varNana hogA / anukrama se gata caubIsI ke RSabhadeva ke varNana ke 1 (ka) dvArakAdhipatiH kRSNa-vAsudevo mahaddhikaH / bhakta zrIneminAthasya saddharmaH zrAvako'bhavat // aSTAdazasahasrANi vaMdamAno'nyadAmunIn / -- kAlaloka prakAza, sarga 34, zlo0 57-58 dvAdazAvartavandanam / (kha) anyadA sarvasAdhUnAM 3 kRSNo dadau nRpAstvanye nirvIryastvavatasthire // 2 ( ka ) sa vaMdanena guruNA samyaktvaM kSAyikaM dadhau / satyamakSitiyogyAni duH kRtAnyapavarttayan // cakre tRtIyakSmArhANi tIrthakRnnAm cArjayat / tathokta' - tityarayattaM sammatta khAiyaM sattamIi taiyAe vaMdaNaNaM vihiNAvaddha ca dasArasIheNa ! -- triSaSTi0, 8 / 10 / 240 / -- kAlalokaprakAza, sarga 34, zlo0 58, 60, pR0 634 | (kha) sarvajJo'pyavadat kRSNa bahu bhavatArjitam / puNyaM kSAyikasamyaktvaM tIrtha kRnnAma karma ca / uddhRtya saptamAvanyAstRtIyanarakocitam // - triSaSTi0, 8 / 10 / 243-244 / evaM khalu tumaM devAppiyA ! taccAo puDhavIo ujjatiyAo anaMtaraM uvaTTittA iheva jambUdIve bhArahe vAse AgamesAe ussAppiNIe puDesu jaNavatesu sayaduvAre bArasame amame nAmaM arahA bhavissasi tattha tumaM bahUI vAsAI kevalapariyAyaM pAuNattA sijjhihisi / -- antakRt dazAMga, 5 / 1, pR0 230.

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karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke AgAmI bhava-eka anuciMtana | 15 samAna hI AgAmI caubIsI ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara anantavijaya kA varNana hogaa| jaba isa niyama ke prakAza meM hama bhagavAn ariSTanemi se lekara AgAmI caubIsI ke bArahaveM amama nAmaka tIrthakara kA antara kAla milAte haiM to satraha sAgaropama ke lagabhaga antara kAla hotA hai / tIna bhava mAnane para sAta sAgara se kucha adhika samaya hotA hai kyoMki tRtIya pRthvI meM zrIkRSNa sAta sAgara rahate haiN| tIna bhava mAnane se kAla gaNanA phiTa nahIM baiThatI hai| ____ antakRtdazAMga kI taraha vasudevahiNDI, kammapayaDI-TIkA, amamasvAmI-caritra, lokaprakAza dIpAvalIkalpa Adi meM zrIkRSNa ke bArahaveM amama tIrthaMkara hone kA ullekha hai kintu una granthakAroM ne antakRtdazAMga kI taraha tIna na mAnakara pA~ca bhava mAne haiM / unake abhimatAnusAra zrIkRSNa kA jIva tRtIya pRthvI se nikalakara zatadvAra nagara meM jitazatru rAjA kA putra bnegaa| mAMDalika rAjA hokara cAritra ko svIkAra karegA / vahA~ para vaha tIrthakara nAmakarma kA anubandha karegA, vahA~ se Ayu pUrNakara pA~caveM brahmadevaloka meM utpanna hogA, jahA~ para dasa sAgara kI sthiti bhogakara vahA~ se vaha cyuta hokara amama nAma kA tIrthaMkara hogaa| ___ pA~ca bhava mAnane se kAla gaNanA bhI ThIka baiThatI hai, kyoMki tRtIya pRthvI kI sAta sAgara aura pA~caveM brahmadevaloka kI dasa sAgara isa prakAra satraha sAgaropama kA kAlapramANa hotA hai| AgAmI caubIsI ke nauveM tIrthaMkara poTila kA tIryakAla pauna palyopama nyUna tIna sAgara hai / dasaveM (zataka) tIrthaMkara kA tIrthakAla cAra sAgara hai| 1 sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga, TippaNI, pR0 734 / 2 kRSNa jIvo'mamAkhyaH sa dvAdazo bhavitA jinaH surAsuranarAdhIza praNatakramapaMkajaH / ----kAlalokaprakAza, 34 / 61, pR0 635 / (ka) kanhA taiyAe puDhavIe uvaTTittA iheva bhArahe vAse sayaduvAre nayare jiyasattussa rannoputtatAe uvavajjiUNa pattamaNDali abhAvo pavvajjaM paDivajjia titthayaranAmakammaM samujjaNittA baMbhaloe kappe dasasAgarovamAU hoUNa tao cuo bArasamo amamo nAma arahA bhavissasi / -vasudeva hinnddii| (kha) nirayAo narabhavaMmi devo, hoUNa paMcame kppe| -ratnasaMcaya (ga) kSINa saptakasya kRSNasya paMcame bhave'pi mokSagamanaM zrUyate ukta ca narayAo narabhavaMmi, devo houNa paMcame kappe / tatto cuo samANo, bArasamo ammtitthyro|| -kammapayaDI-TIkA / gacchaMtyavazyaM te 'dhastA-tvaM gAmI bAlukAprabhAm / zrutveti kRSNaH sadyopi nitAMta vidhuro'bhavat / / [kramazaH]

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16 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata sarvavid kA tIrthakAla nau sAgara hai / ariSTanemi se lekara anya tIrthaMkaroM kA antarakAla milAne para satraha sAgaropama kA kAla pUrNa rUpa se baiTha jAtA hai| aba yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki kSAyika samyaktvI ke sambandha meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha adhika se adhika tIna bhava karatA hai| phira pA~ca bhava mAnane se prastuta vidhAna kI saMgati kisa prakAra baiTha sakatI hai ? vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne, karmagrantha meM devendrasUri [kramazaH bhUyo'bhyadhattaH sarvajJo mA viSIda janArdana, tata uddhRtya maya'stvaM bhAvI vaimAnikastataH / utsapiNyAM prasarpatyAM zatadvArapurezitaH / jitazatroH suto'haMstvaM dvAdazo nAmato'mamaH / / --kAlalokaprakAza, 34 / 63-65 pa0 636 / jIvastu vAsudevasya tIrthakRtadvAdazo'mama / __ ---dIpAvalIkalpa-jinasundara, zlo0, 335, pR0 13 / (ca) bArasamo kaNhajIvo ammo|-diiaalikppN - zrI jinaprabhasUri, pR06| aNaMtANubaMdhikohamANamAyAlobhe khavei / navaM ca kammaM na baMdhai / tappacca iyaM ca NaM micchattavisohi kAUNa daMsaNArAhae bhavai / dasaNavisohIe ya NaM visuddhAe atthegaie teNeva bhavaggahaNaNaM sijjhai / visohIe ya NaM visuddhAe taccaM puNo bhavaggahaNaM nAikkamai / / -uttarAdhyayana, 26 / 5 / 2 tammi ya taiya cautthe, bhavammi sijhaMti khaiya sammatta / suravarayajugasugaI imaM tu jiNakAliyanarANaM // -vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 1314 / atha kSINasaptako gatyantaraM saMkrAman katitame bhave mokSa mupayAti ? ucyatetRtIye caturthe vaa| tathAhi yadi svarge narake vA gacchati tadA svargabhavAntarivo narakabhavAntarivo vA tRtIyabhave mokSamupayAti, yadi cAso tiryakSa manuSyeSu vA madhye samutpadyate tadA'vazyamasaMkhyeyavarSAyuSkeSyeva na saMkhyeyavarSAyuSkeSu tatastad bhavAnantaraM devabhavaM, tasmAcca devabhavAccyutvA manuSyabhavaM tatomokSaM yAtIti / caturthabhave mokSagamanaM, ukta ca paMcasaMgrahetaiya cautthe tAmmi va bhavammi sijjhanti daMsaNe khINe / jaM devaNirayasaMkhAucaramadehesu te haMti / / gA0 776. [kramazaH

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karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke AgAmI bhava - eka anucitana | 17 ne aura guNasthAnakamAroha' kI svopajJavRtti meM ratnazekharasUri ne likhA hai ki yadi pUrvabaMdha nahIM huA hai to kSAyika samyaktvI ko usI bhava meM mokSa hotA hai, yadi AyuSya kA pUrvabaMdha ho cukA hai to tRtIya bhava meM mokSa hotA hai / prAyogyabaddha asaMkhyAta varSa ke AyuSyavAle kI caturthabhava meM mukti hotI hai arthAt koI jIva yaugalika meM utpanna huA hai to vaha vahA~ se Ayu pUrNakara devaloka meM hI jAtA hai isa lie cAra bhava batalAe haiN| kyoMki kahA bhI hai- mithyAtva Adi sAtoM prakRtiyoM ke kSINa hone para jo pUrvabaddha AyuSyavAlA hai usakA tIna yA cAra bhava meM mokSa hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama sAhitya meM kSAyika samyaktvI ke utkRSTa tIna bhava batAye haiM / vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi granthoM ke anusAra cAra bhava bhI ho sakate haiM / vasudeva hiNDI, karmaprakRti aura karmagrantha Adi ke anusAra kRSNa ke pA~ca bhava haiM aura unheM kSAyika samyaktva thA / zrIkRSNa ko kSAyika samyaktva thA aisA spaSTa ullekha Agama sAhitya meM kahIM para bhI mere dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai kintu karma-grantha, triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra Adi meM kSAyika samyaktva kA spaSTa ullekha hai / kitane hI lekhakoM ne kRSNa ko kSAyopazamika samyaktvI mAnA hai aura unake bhavoM ke prazna kA sAmAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, para isake lie unhoMne kisI [kramazaH ] atha tRtIyabhave mokSagamane'saMkhyeya varSAyuSkeSUtpattistadbhavamokSagamanaM ca carama dehatvamiti krameNa yojanIyam / idaM ca prAyovRttyoktamiti saMbhAvyate yataH kSINasaptakasya kRSNasya paMcame bhave'pi mokSagamanaM zrUyate / uktaM ca narayAu narabhavammi devo hoUNa paMcame kappe | tatto cuo samANo bArasamo amamatitthayarI // itthameva duHsahAdInAmapi kSAyikasamyaktvamAgamoktaM yujyata iti yathAgamaM vibhAvanIyaM / --karmagrantha, 5-6, pR0 356, karmaprakRti, upazamanAmaprakaraNam pR0 29 / 1 yathApUrvakaraNenaiva kRta tripuJjasya jIvasya caturthaM guNasthAnAdArabhya kSapakatve prArabdhe 'nantAnubandhicatuSkasya mithyAtvamizra samyaktvarUpapuJjatrayasya ca kSaye kSAyikaM samyaktvaM bhavati, tato'sau kSAyikI dRSTistu punarabaddhAyuSkasya tu jIvasya tRtIye bhave asaMkhyAta jIvinAM prAyogyabaddhAyuSkasya caturye bhave muktaye syAt tathA cAha - micchAie khaio, so sattANi khINi ThAi baddhAU / cauti bhava bhAvimukkho tabbhavasiddhi a iaro a | guNasthAna kamAroha, 22 vRtti, pR0 16.

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18 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] bhI prAcIna grantha ke pramANa prastuta nahIM kiye haiM ataH unakI bAta kevala kalpanA para hI AdhRta hai / Aja ke yuga meM aisI bAteM prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sakatI haiM / / __aba rahA prazna samavAyAMga kA / samavAyAMga ke anusAra zrIkRSNa terahaveM niSkaSAya nAmaka tIrthakara hoNge| isa bAta ko mAnane para bhagavAn ariSTanemi se lekara niSkaSAya nAmaka tIrthaMkara kA antarakAla 47 sAgara kA hai aura bArahaveM amama nAmaka tIrthaMkara kA tIrthakAla 30 sAgara kA hai, isa prakAra 47 sAgara kA antara hotA hai, isake anusAra zrIkRSNa ke pAMca bhava se bhI adhika bhava mAnane hoNge| kucha AgamapremI cintakoM kA yaha kathana hai ki antakRtdazAMga meM bArahaveM amama nAmaka tIrthaMkara kA ullekha hai, vaha pUrvAnupUrvI kI apekSA se hai| jaise 1-2-3-4 isa prakAra parigaNanA karane se amama bArahaveM tIrthakara hote haiM aura samavAyAGga meM jo varNana hai vaha pazcAnupUrvI kI dRSTi se hai jaise 24, 23, 22; 21 isa prakAra parigaNanA karane se amama terahaveM tIrthaMkara hoMge / yaha gaNanA ke prakAra kA hI antara hai kintu donoM zAstroM ke kathana meM virodha nahIM hai / parigaNanA to pazcAnupUrvI kI dRSTi se hI karanI cAhie aura antara pUrvAnupUrvI kI apekSA se hai| uparyukta kathana jo samanvaya kI dRSTi se kahA jAtA hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM baiThatA hai kyoMki samavAyAMga meM vAsUdeva zrIkRSNa kA jIva jo tIrthakara hogA usakA nAma amama na hokara terahavAM tIrthaMkara niSkaSAya diyA hai, jo pUrvAnupUrvI kI dRSTi se terahaveM Ate haiM aura pazcAnupUrvI kI dRSTi se bArahaveM Ate haiN| "bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana" grantha ke pariziSTa vibhAga meM merA vicAra prastuta prazna para vicAracarcA karane kA thA, para maiM kisI nizcita nirNaya para na pahu~ca sakA etadartha maiMne isa prazna ko chUA nhiiN| merI ukta carcA kA sAra yahI hai ki gItArtha isa prazna ko sulajhAne ke lie pramANa purassara apane maulika vicAra prastuta kreN| 1 sthAnakavAsI jaina ahamadAbAda-pArasa munijii|

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paTTAvalI-paryavekSaNa hamArA sunaharA atIta kitanA ujjvala hai ! usa gambhIra rahasya ko jAnane kI jijJAsA mAnava-mana meM sadA hI aThakheliyAM karatI rahI hai / isI jijJAsA se utprerita hokara mAnava ne use dyotita karane ke lie samaya-samaya para prayAsa kiyA hai / usI lar3I kI kar3I meM prastuta grantha bhI hai| isa grantha meM vibhinna bhaNDAroM kI taha meM dabI huI, idhara-udhara bikharI huI asta-vyasta paTTAvaliyoM ko samucita rUpa se saMkalita va sampAdita kara prabuddha pAThakoM ke samakSa rakhA gayA hai| ve paTTAvaliyA~ apane yuga kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM, atIta kI sumadhura smRtiyoM ko vartamAna meM sAkAra karatI haiM, pUrvajoM kI gaurava-gAthAoM ko prakaTa karatI haiM aura yathArtha kA citraNa kara bhAvI gati-pragati kI himagiriyoM kI gaganacumbI zikharAvaliyoM ko chUne kI prabala preraNA detI hai| jaina sAhitya meM paTTAvalI-lekhana kA yuga caturdaza pUrvadhara sthavira Arya bhadrabAha svAmI se prArambha hotA hai / unhoMne dazAzrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyAya-kalpasUtra meM sthavirAvalI kA aMkana kara gauravamayI paramparA kA zrIgaNeNa kiyaa| usake pazcAt 1 (ka) vaMdAmi bhaddabAhu~, pAINaM carimasagalasuyanANi / suttassa kAragamisi dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre // 1 // -dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti, gA0 1 / (kha) paMcakalpa mahAbhASya, gAthA 1 se 11 taka / (ga) teNa bhagavatA AdhArapakappa-dasta-kappa-vavahArAya navamapubvanI saMdabhUtA nijjUDhA / -paMcakalpa cUrNI patra 1 likhita / 2 lekhaka ne ahamadAbAda ke lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira [kramazaH]

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20 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne anuyogadharoM kI paTTAvalI (sthavirAvalI) aMkita kii| spaSTa hai Agama sAhitya meM inhIM AgamoM meM sthavirAvaliyA~ AI haiN| kalpasUtra meM sthavirAvalI paTTAnukrama se hai to nandIsUtra meM anuyogadharoM kI dRSTi se hai| paTTAnukrama (guru-ziSya krama) se devaddhigaNI kA krama cauMtIsavAM aura yugapradhAna (anuyogadhara) ke rUpa meM sattAisavA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI bhI eka samaya meM aura eka sAtha nahIM likhI gaI hai apitu usakA saMkalana bhI Agama vAcanA kI taraha tIna bAra huA hai / prathama Arya yazobhadra taka sthaviroM kI eka paramparA nirUpita hai jo pATalIputra kI prathama vAcanA ke pUrva kI hai| isa vAcanA meM pUrvavartI sthaviroM kI nAmAvalI sUtra ke sAtha saMkalita kI gaI hai| usake pazcAt usameM do dhArAeM prakaTa huI haiN| eka saMkSipta aura dUsarI vistRta, jinakI kramazaH parisamApti Arya tApasa aura Arya phaggumitra (phalgumitra) taka hotI hai, ve dvitIya vAcanA ke samaya saMlagna kI gaI haiM aura usake pazcAt kI sthavirAvalI devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne antima vAcanA meM gumphita kI hai / saMkSipta sthavirAvalI meM mukhyataH pramukha sthaviroM kA nirdeza hai to vistRta sthavirAvalI meM mukhya sthaviroM ke atirikta unake guru bhrAtA aura unase vistRta gaNa-kula prabhRti zAkhAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / jahA~ saMkSipta sthavirAvalI meM Arya vajra ke cAra ziSya nirUpita kiye gaye haiM / vahA~ vistRta sthavirAvalI meM tIna ziSya batAye haiM / unake nAmoM meM bhI antara hai, prathama meM Arya nAgila, [kramazaH meM dazAzrutaskaMdha kI prAcIna eka hastalikhita prati dekhI hai. jisameM AThaveM adhyayana meM saMpUrNa kalpasUtra hai / isa prati kA ullekha zrI puNyavijayajI ne kalpasUtra kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai| 1 je ante bhagavante, kAlia suya ANa ogie dhiire| te paNamiUNa sirasA, nANassa parUvaNaM vocchaM // --nandI sthavirAvalI, gA0 43 3 dekhie-paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, kalyANavijaya gaNI, pR0 53 / 3 dekhie-lekhaka dvArA sampAdita kalpasUtra-sthavirAvalI-varNana / * therassa NaM ajjavairassa goyama gottassa aMtevAsI cattAri therA-there ajjanAile, there ajjapomile, there ajjajayaMta, there ajjatAvase / -kalpasUtra, sU0 206 /

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paTTAvalI-paryavekSaNa | 21 Arya paDhimala, Arya jayanta aura Arya tApasa haiM to dvitIya meM Arya vajrasena, Arya padma aura Arya ratha / / isa antara kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt aneka bAra bhArata bhUmi meM duSkAla par3e, jisameM uttara bhArata meM jo zramaNa saMgha vicaraNa kara rahA thA use vivaza hokara samudra taTavartI pradeza kI ora bar3hanA par3A, para jo vRddha the tathA zArIrika dRSTi se calane meM asamartha the vahIM para vicarate rahe, jisase zramaNa saMgha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta huaa| prathama duSkAla kI parisamApti para ve sabhI punaH sammilita hue kintu samprati maurya ke samaya aura Arya vajra ke samaya durbhikSa ke kAraNa jo zramaNa saMgha dakSiNa, madhya bhArata va pazcima bhArata meM AyA thA vaha dIrghakAla taka uttara bhArata meM vicarane vAle zramaNa saMgha se na mila sakA, jisake phalasvarUpa uttara meM vicaraNa karane vAloM kA pRthak saMca sthavira huA aura dakSiNa tathA pazcima prAnta meM vicaraNa karane vAloM kA dUsarA sthavira huA / isa kAraNa sthavirAvalI meM nAmoM meM pRthakatA AI hai / dAkSiNAtya zramaNa saMgha 170 varSa taka apanI svatantra zAsana paddhati calAtA rahA, usake pazcAt vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke madhya meM puna: vaha uttarIya zramaNa saMgha meM sammilita ho gyaa| yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki AgamoM kI tIna vAcanAe~ huii| prathama vAcanA Arya skandila kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM huI thI aura isa vAcanA meM uttara pradeza aura madhya bhArata meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNa hI ekatra hue the / yaha vAcanA mAthurI vAcanA ke rUpa se vizruta huii| dUsarI vAcanA Arya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM dAkSiNAtya pradeza meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kI vallabhI meM huI thii| para donoM vAcanA meM eka dUsare se, eka dUsare nahIM mile| tIsarI vAcanA meM donoM hI vAcanA ke pratinidhi upasthita hue| mAthurI vAcanA ke pratinidhi devaddhigaNI the aura vAlabhI vAcanA ke pratinidhi kAlakAcArya the| jina pAThoM ke sambandha meM donoM zaMkA rahita the ve pATha ekamata se svIkAra kara liye gaye aura jinameM matabheda thA, unheM usa rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| mAthurI vAcanA ke anusAra sthavira-krama isa prakAra hai : 1. sudharmA 2. jambU 3. prabhava 4. zayyambhava 1 therassa NaM ajjavairassa gotama sagottassa ime tinni therA antevAsI ahAvaccA abhinnAyA hotthA, taMjahA-there ajjavairaseNe, there ajja paume, there ajjarahe / -kalpa0 sthavirAvalI sU0 221 /

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22 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] 5. yazobhadra 7. bhadrabAhu 6. mahAgiri 11. balissaha 13. zyAmArya 15. samudra 17. nandila 19. revati nakSatra 21. skandilAcArya 23. nAgArjuna vAcaka 25. lohitya 27. devagaNa vAlabhI vAcanA ke anusAra 1. sudharmA 3. prabhava yazobhadra 5. 7. bhadrabAhu 6. mahAgiri 11. kAlakAcArya 13. Arya samudra 15. Arya dharma 17. zrIgupta 19. AryarakSita 21. vajrasena 23. revatimitra 25. nAgArjuna 1. sudharmA 3. prabhava 5. yazobhadra 7. sthUlabhadra 6. susthita supratibuddha 11. Arya dina 6. sambhUtavijaya sthUlabhadra 10. suhastI 12. svAti 14. zANDilya 16. maMgU 18. nAgahastI 20. brahmadvIpikasiMha 22. himavanta 24. bhUtadina 26. duSyagaNI sthavira krama isa prakAra hai : 2. jambU 4. zayyaMbhava 6. sambhUtavijaya 8. sthUlabhadra 10. suhastI 12. revatImitra 14. Arya maMgU 16. bhadragupta 18. Arya vajra 20. puSpamitra 22. nAgahastI 24. brahmadIpakasiMha sUri 26. bhUtadina 27. kAlakAcArya devagaNI kSamAzramaNa kI guru paramparA 2. jambU 4. zayyaMbhava 6. saMbhUtavijaya bhadrabAhu 8. mahAgiri - suhastI 10. Arya indradina 12. Arya siMhagiri

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paTTAvalo-paryavekSaNa | 23 13. Arya vajra 14. Arya ratha 15. Arya puSpagiri 16. Arya phalgumitra 17. Arya dhanagiri 18. Arya zivabhUti 16. Arya bhadra 20. Arya nakSatra 21. Arya rakSa 22. Arya nAga 23. jeSThila 24. Arya viSNu 25. Arya kAlaka 26. saMpalita tathA Arya bhadra 27. Arya vRddha 28. Arya saMghapAlita 26. Arya hastI 30. Arya dharma 31. Arya siMha 32. Arya dharma 33. Arya zAMDilya 34. devaddhigaNI tAtparya yaha hai ki sthavirAvaliyoM meM pRthakatA rahI hai isalie prabuddha pAThaka "paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha" kA pArAyaNa karate samaya eka hI viSaya meM aura eka hI vyakti ke sambandha meM vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM meM vibhinna mata dekha kara bhramita na hoM kintu samanvaya kI dRSTi se, taTastha buddhi se satya-tathya ko samajhane kA prayAsa kreN| yaha pUrNa satya hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra se devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka eka vizuddha paramparA rahI hai| usake pazcAt caityavAsiyoM kA prabhutva jaina paramparA para chA jAne se paramparA kA gaurava akSuNNa na raha sakA / AcArya abhayadeva ne usa sthiti kA citraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai 1-- devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka kI parampaga ko maiM bhAva paramparA,mAnatA hai| isake pazcAt zithilAcAriyoM ne aneka dravya paramparAoM kA pravartana kiyA aura ve dravya paramparAe~ draupadI ke dukala kI taraha nirantara bar3hatI rhiiN| dharma ke maulika tatvoM ke nAma para vikAra, asaMgatiyA~ aura sAmpradAyika kalahamUlaka dhAraNAe~ panapatI rhiiN| solahavIM zatI vaicArika krAntikAriyoM kA svarNa yuga hai / isa kAla meM bhArata kI pratyeka paramparA meM aneka krAMtikArI nara-ratna paidA hue jinhoMne krAMti kI zaMkhadhvani se jana-jIvana ko navajAgaraNa kA divya saMdeza diyaa| kabIra, dharmadAsa, nAnaka, saMta ravidAsa, taraNatAraNa svAmI aura vIra loMkAzAha aise hI krAMtikArI the| yaha 1 devaDhi khamAsamaNajA paraMparaM bhAvao viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davveNa paraMparA bahuhA / / -Agama aThThatarI, gA. 14

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24 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] svAbhAvika thA ki apratyAzita aura Akasmika krAMtikArI vicAroM se sthitipAlaka samAja meM halacala paidA huI aura pariNAmasvarUpa pratikriyAvAdI bhAvanAe~ ubharI, kintu ve use samApta nahIM kara sakIM para pUrI zakti ke sAtha pAzavikatA se lar3atI rahIM / usakA Adarza vyakti na hokara guNa thA, samaSTi na hokara samyagdRSTi thI / samIcIna tatvoM para AdhRta hone ke kAraNa vaha eka sudRr3ha aura saundarya sampanna paramparA nirmita kara sakI jisa para zatAbdiyoM se mAnavatA garva kara rahI hai / zrI lokAzAha tathA sthAnakavAsI samAja ke mahApuruSa triyoddhAraka ( 1 ) zrI jIvarAja jI mahArAja, (2) zrI lavajI RSi jI ma0 (3) zrI dharmasiMha jI mahArAja (4) zrI dharmadAsa jI ma0 aura (5) zrI harajI RSi jI ma0 kina-kina paristhitiyoM meM uThe, ubhare, unhoMne mAnava cetanA ke kina nigUr3ha gahvaroM meM krAMti ke svaroM ko mukharita kiyA ? unakA kahA~ aura kaba, kitanA aura kaisA prabhAva par3A ? kyA-kyA kArya huA ? Adi kI saMkSipta jAnakArI saMkalita paTTA valiyoM kI paMktiyoM meM samupalabdha hogI / pAThaka unhIM ke zabdoM meM rasAsvAdana kareM / paTTAvaliyoM ke aba taka aneka saMgraha vividha sthaloM se prakAzita hue haiM unameM se kitane hI saMgraha atyadhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / kintu una saMgrahoM meM loMkAgaccha kI aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI vizvasta paTTAvaliyAM sAmAnyataH nahIM dI gaI haiM / yadi kahIM para dI bhI gaI haiM to itane vikRta rUpa se dI gaI haiM ki unake asalI rUpa kA patA lagAnA hI kaThina hai / itihAsakAra ko itihAsa likhate samaya taTastha dRSTi rakhanI cAhie / jo itihAsakAra isa niyama kA ullaMghana karatA hai usakA itihAsa satya se pare ho jAtA hai / abhI kucha samaya pahale aisA eka grantha " paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha " nAma se dekhane meM AyA / isake sampAdaka munizrI kalyANavijaya jI acche vidvAna aura itihAsavettA haiM / hameM yaha dekhakara Azcarya huA ki "paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha " ( paTTAvaliyoM kA parAga ) meM paTTAvalI parAga ke badale nimnastarIya AlocanA haiM / sthA0 sampradAya ke do-tIna muniyoM ke lie to nAma nirdezapUrvaka AkSepa kiye haiM jo itihAsa-lekhana meM avAMchanIya hai / itihAsa-lekhaka isa prakAra vyaktigata AkSepa se bacakara tulanAtmaka samIkSA to kara sakatA hai, aisI AlocanA nahIM / mujhe parama AhlAda hai ki prastuta grantha ke saMkalayitA va sampAdaka ne itihAsakAra ke mUla bhAva kI rakSA kI hai| unhoMne jo paTTAvaliyA~ jahA~ se jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huIM, unheM usI rUpa meM prakAzita kI haiM, kahIM para bhI kisI sampradAya vizeSa ko zreSTha yA kaniSTha batAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai / isa prakAra ke paTTAvaliyoM ke saMgraha kI cirakAla se pratIkSA kI jA rahI thI, vaha isa grantha ke dvArA pUrI ho rahI hai / yoM isameM bhI abhI taka sampUrNa sthAnakavAsI samAja kI paTTAvaliyA~ nahIM A pAI haiN| jJAta se bhI ajJAta adhika hai / mujhe AzA

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paTTAvalI - paryavekSaNa | 25 hI nahIM, apitu dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki jaina itihAsa nirmANa samiti kA satata prayAsa isa dizA meM cAlU rahegA aura jahA~ se bhI paTTAvaliyA~ tathA prazastiyA~ upalabdha hoMgI, unakA prakAzana hotA rahegA / maiM grantha kA hArdika abhinandana karatA hUM ki unhoMne mA~ bhAratI ke bhavya bhaNDAra meM aisI anamola kRti samarpita kI hai| jaina itihAsa nirmANa samiti paNDita pravara zraddheya munizrI hastImala jI ma0 sA0se dizA-nirdeza prApta kara aisI aura bhI mahatvapUrNa anveSaNa pradhAna kRtiyA~ samarpita kareMgI, aisI AzA hai / ( paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha - prastAvanA)

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4 jaina zAsana prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt catuvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA kI / sAdhuoM meM gaNadhara gautama pramukha the to sAdhviyoM meM candanabAlA mukhya thIM / kintu unake pazcAt kona pramukha sAdhviyAM huIM, isa sambandha meM itihAsa mauna hai| yoM AryA candanabAlA ke pazcAt AryA suvratA, AryA dharmI, Arya jambU kI padmAvatI, kamalabhAla, vijayazrI, jayazrI, kamalAvatI, suseNA, vIramatI, ajayasenA ina ATha sAsuoM ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai aura jambU kI samudrazrI, padmazrI, padmasenA, kanakasenA, nabhasenA, kanakazrI, rUpazrI, jayazrI, ina ATha patniyoM ke bhI AtI dIkSA lene kA varNana hai / vIra nirvANa saM0 20 meM avantI ke rAjA pAlaka ne apane jyeSTha putra avantIvardhana ko rAjya tathA laghu putra rASTravardhana ko yuvarAja pada para AsIna kara svayaM ne Arya sudharmA ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kii| rASTravardhana kI patnI kA nAma dhAriNI thA / dhAriNI ke divya rUpa para avantIvardhana mugdha ho gayA / ataH dhAriNI ardharAtri meM hI putra aura pati ko chor3akara apane zIla kI rakSA hetu mahala kA parityAga kara cala dI aura kauzAMbI kI yAnazAlA meM ThaharI huI sAdhviyoM ke pAsa pahu~cI / use saMsAra se virakti ho cukI thI / vaha sagarbhA thI / kintu usane yaha rahasya sAdhviyoM ko na batAkara sAdhvI bnii| kucha samaya ke pazcAt garbhasUcaka spaSTa cinhoM ko dekhakara sAdhvI pramukhA ne pUchA taba usane sahI sthiti btaayii| garbhakAla pUrNa hone para putra ko janma diyA aura rAtri ke gahana aMdhakAra meM navajAta zizu ko usake pitA ke AbhUSaNoM ke sAtha kozAMbI nareza ke rAjaprAsAda meM rakha diyA / rAjA ne usa zizu ko le liyA aura usakA nAma maNiprabha rakhA aura puna: dhAriNI prAyazcitta le Atmazuddhi ke patha para bar3ha gayI / avantIvardhana ko bhI jaba dhAriNI na milI to apane bhAI kI hatyA se use bhI virakti huI / aura dhAriNI ke putra avantIsena ko rAjya de usane bhI pravrajyA grahaNa kii| jaba maNiprabha aura bhavantIsena ye donoM bhAI yuddha ke maidAna meM pahu~ce taba sAdhvI dhAriNI ne donoM bhAiyoM ko satya tathya batA - kara yuddha kA nivAraNa kiyA / vIranirvANa kI dUsarI-tIsarI sadI meM mahAmantrI zakaDAla kI putriyA~ aura

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 27 Arya sthUlabhadra kI bahaneM yakSA, yakSadinnA, bhUtA, bhUtadinnA, seNA, veNA, reNA ina sAtoM ne bhI pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| ve atyanta pratibhAsampanna thIM / kramazaH eka bAra, do bAra yAvat sAta bAra sunakara ve kaThina se kaThina viSayoM ko bhI yAda kara letI thiiN| unhoMne antima nanda kI rAjasabhA meM apanI adbhuta smaraNa zakti ke camatkAra se vararuci jaise mUrdhanya vijJa ke ahaM ko naSTa kiyA thA / sAtoM bahinoM ke tathA bhAI sthUlabhadra ke pravajita hone ke pazcAt unake laghu bhrAtA zrIyaka ne bhI pravrajyA grahaNa kI jo atyanta sukomala prakRti ke the / bhUkha aura pyAsa ko sahana karane meM akSama the| sAdhvI yakSA kI prabala preraNA se zrIyaka ne upavAsa kiyA aura usakA rAtri meM prANAnta ho gayA jisase yakSA ne muni kI mRtyu kA kAraNa apane Apako mAnA / duHkha, pazcAttApa aura AtmaglAni se apane Apako duHkhI anubhava karane lgii| kaI dinoM taka anna-jala grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| saMgha ke atyadhika Agraha para usane kahA ki kevalajJAnI mujhe kaha deM ki maiM nirdoSa hU~ to anna-jala grahaNa karUMgI, anyathA nhiiN| saMgha ne zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI kI ArAdhanA kI / devI kI sahAyatA se AryA yakSA mahAvideha kSetra meM bhagavAna zrI sImAndharasvAmI kI sevA meM phuNcii| bhagavAna ne use nirdoSa batAyA aura cAra adhyayana pradAna kiye / devI kI sahAyatA se vaha punaH lauTa aayiiN| unhoMne cAroM adhyayana saMgha ke samakSa prastuta kiye jo Aja cUlikAoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM / ina sabhI sAdhviyoM kA sAdhvI saMgha meM viziSTa sthAna thA para ye pravartinI Adi pada para rahIM yA nahIM isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| ___ inake pazcAt kauna sAdhviyA~ unake paTTa para AsIna huI yaha jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| vAcanAcArya Arya balissaha ke samaya himavanta sthavirAvalI ke anusAra viduSI AryA poiNI tathA anya tInasau sAdhviyAM vidyamAna thiiN| kaliMga cakravartI mahAmeghavAhana khAravela dvArA vIra nirvANa caturtha zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM kumAragiri para Agama pariSada huI thI, jisameM vAcanAcArya Arya balissaha aura gaNAcArya susthita supratibaddha kI paramparAoM ke pAMca sau zramaNa upasthita hue the| vahA~ AryA poiNI bhI tInasau zramaNiyoM ke sAtha upasthita huI thiiN| isase spaSTa hai ki AryA poiNI mahAna pratibhAzAlI aura Agama rahasya ko jAnane vAlI thiiN| unake kula, vaya, dIkSA, zikSA, sAdhanA sambandhI anya paricaya prApta nahIM hai / himavanta sthavirAvalI se spaSTa hai ki poiNI kA caturvidha saMgha meM gauravapUrNa sthAna thA / vIranirvANa kI pA~cavIM zatI meM dvitIya kAlakAcArya kI bhaginI sarasvatI thii| unake pitA kA nAma vairasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma surasundarI thaa| rAjakumAra kAlaka kA apanI bahana sarasvatI para apAra sneha thaa| guNAkara muni ke upadeza se donoM ne jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI / eka bAra Arya kAlaka ke darzana hetu sAdhvI sarasvatI urjAyanI phuNcii| rAjA gardabhilla ne usake anupama lAvaNya ko dekhA to vaha usa para mugdha ho gyaa| usane apane rAjapuruSoM dvArA sAdhvI sarasvatI kA apaharaNa

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28 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] karavAyA / Arya kalaka ko gardabhilla ke ghora anAcAra kA patA lgaa| rAjA ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA, kintu rAjA na samajhA / ataH Arya kAlaka ne zakoM kI sahAyatA prApta kI evaM apane bhAnaje bhaDauMca ke rAjA bhAnumitra ko lekara yuddha kiyA, sAdhvI sarasvatI ko mukta karavAyA aura panaH apanI bahana sarasvatI ko dIkSA pradAna kii| sAdhvI sarasvatI aneka kaSToM kA sAmanA karake bhI apane patha se cyuta nahIM huii| vIranirvANa kI pAMcavIM zatI meM Arya vajra kI mAtA sunandA ne pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| unhoMne kisa zramaNI ke pAsa zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyA isake nAma kA ullekha kahIM nahIM milatA hai / yaha satya hai ki usa yuga meM sAdhviyoM kA virATa samadAya hogA, kyoMki bAlaka vajra ne sAdhviyoM se hI sunakara ekAdaza aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| vIranirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM sAdhvI rukmiNI kA varNana milatA hai / vaha pATalIputra ke koTyAdhIza zreSThI dhana kI ekalautI putrI thI / Arya vajra ke anupama rUpa ko nihAra kara mugdha ho gayI / usane apane hRdaya kI bAta pitA se khii| vaha eka araba mudrAe~ tathA divya vastrAbhUSaNoM ko lekara vajrasvAmI ke pAsa pahu~cA / kintu rukmiNI ne vajrasvAmI ke tyAga-vairAgya se chalachalAte hue upadeza ko sunakara pravrajyA grahaNa kI / aura rukmiNI tathA vajrapvAmI ke apUrva tyAga' ko dekhakara sabhI kA sira zraddhA se nata ho gyaa| vIranirvANa kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI meM eka videzI mahilA ke dvArA ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya tathA nizIthacUNi meM varNana hai ki muruNDarAja kI vidhavA bahina pravrajyA lenA cAhatI thii| muruNDarAja ne sAdhviyoM kI parIkSA lene hetu eka Ayojana kiyA ki kauna sAdhvI kaisI hai / eka bhImakAya hAthI para mahAvata baiTha gayA aura caurAhe para vaha khar3A ho gayA / jaba koI bhI sAdhvI udhara se nikalatI taba mahAvata hAthI ko sAdhvI kI ora bar3hAte hue sAdhvI ko cetAvanI detA ki sabhI vastroM kA parityAga kara nirvasanA ho jAya, nahIM to yaha hAthI tumheM apane pA~voM se kucala ddaalegaa| aneka sAdhviyA~, parivAjikAeM, bhikSuNiyA~ udhara nikalIM / bhayabhIta hokara unhoMne vastra kA parityAga kiyA / anta meM eka jaina zramaNI udhara aayii| hAthI jyoM hI usakI ora bar3hane lagA tyoM hI usane kramazaH apane dharmopakaraNa udhara pheMka diye, usake pazcAt sAdhvI hAthI ke idhara-udhara ghUmane lgii| kintu usane apanA vastra-tyAga nahIM kiyA / jaba janasamUha ne yaha dRzya dekhA to unakA Akroza ubhara AyA / maruNDarAja ne bhI saMketa kara hAthI ko hastIzAlA meM bhijavAyA aura usI sAdhvI ke pAsa apanI bahina ko pravajita kraayaa| sAhasa, sahanazIlatA, zAnti aura sAdhanA kI pratimUrti usa sAdhvI kA tathA muruNDa rAjakumArI ina donoM kA nAma kyA thA, yaha jJAta nahIM hai| vIranirvANa kI chaThI zatI meM AryarakSita kI mAtA sAdhvI rudrasomA kA nAma

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 26 bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA jisane apane pyAre putra ko jo gambhIra adhyayana kara lauTA thA, use pUrvo kA adhyayana karane hetu AcArya tosalIputra ke pAsa preSita kiyA aura sArddha nau pUrva kA AryarakSita ne adhyayana kiyA / rudrasomA kI preraNA se hI rAja purohita soma deva tathA usake parivAra ke anekoM vyaktiyoM ne AhatI dIkSA svIkAra kI aura svayaM usane bhI / usakA yazasvI jIvana itihAsa kI anamola sampadA hai / vIranirvANa kI chaThI zatI ke antima dazaka meM sAdhvI IzvarI kA nAma AtA hai / bhISaNa duSkAla se chaTapaTAte hue sopArakanagara kA Ibbha zreSThI jinadatta thA / usakI patnI kA nAma IzvarI thA / bahuta prayatna karane para bhI anna prApta nahIM huA, anta meM eka lAkha mudrA se aMjalI bhara anna prApta kiyA / usameM vica milAkara sabhI ne marane kA nizcaya kiyaa| usa samaya muni bhikSA ke lie Aye / IzvarI muni ko dekhakara atyanta AhlAdita huI / Arya vajrasena ne IzvarI ko batAyA ki viSa milAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kala se sukAla hogA / usI rAtri meM anna ke jahAja A gaye jisase sabhI ke jIvana meM sukha-zAnti kI baMzI bajane lgii| IzvarI kI preraNA se seTha jinadatta ne apane nAgendra, candra, nivRtti aura vidyAdhara ina cAroM putroM ke sAtha AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| aura unake nAmoM se gaccha aura kula paramparA prArambha huii| sAdhvI IzvarI ne bhI utkRSTa sAdhanA kara apane jIvana ko camakAyA / isake pazcAt bhI aneka sAdhviyAM huIM, kintu kramabAra unakA ullekha yA paricaya nahIM milatA, jinhoMne apanI Atma UrjA, bauddhika cAturya, nIti-kauzala evaM prakhara pratibhA se jaina zAsana kI mahanIya sevA kii| maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki aisI aneka divya pratibhAoM ne janma liyA hai, kintu unake kartRtva kA sahI mUlyAkana nahIM ho skaa| hama yahA~ aThArahavIM sadI kI eka tejasvI sthAnakavAsI sAdhvI kA paricaya de rahe haiM jinakA janma dehalI meM huA thaa| unake mAtA-pitA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai aura unakA sAMsArika nAma bhI kyA thA yaha bhI patA nahIM hai| para unhoMne AcAryazrI amarasiMhajI mahArAja ke samudAya meM kisI sAdhvI ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| ye mahAna pratibhAsampanna thiiN| inakA zramaNI jIvana kA nAma mahAsatI bhAgAjI thaa| inake dvArA likhe hue anekoM zAstra, rAsa tathA anya granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ zrI amara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, jodhapura meM tathA anyatra saMgrahIta haiN| lipi utanI sundara nahIM hai, para prAyaH zuddha hai / aura lipi ko dekhakara aisA jJAta hotA hai lekhikA ne saikar3oM granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ kI hoNgii| AcAryazrI amarasiMhajI mahArAja ke netRtva meM paMcevara grAma meM jo santa sammelana huA thA usameM unhoMne bhI bhAga liyA thA / aura jo prastAva pArita hue unameM unake hastAkSara bhI haiN| anazruti hai ki unheM battIsa Agama kaNThastha the| eka bAra ve dehalI meM virAja rahI thiiN| zauca ke lie ve apanI ziSyAoM ke sAtha jaMgala meM padhArI / vahA~ se lauTane

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30 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] ke pazcAt rAste meM eka upavana thA usameM eka bahuta ramaNIya sthAna thA jo ekAnta thA vahA~ para baiThakara mahAsatI jI svAdhyAya karane lagIM / svAdhyAya cala rahI thI, idhara bRhad nau tatva ke racayitA zrAvaka dalapatasiMhajI udhara A nikale / unhoMne dekhA ki upavana ke vRkSoM ke patte danAdana gira rahe haiM / phUla murajhA rahe haiM / asamaya meM patajhar3a ko AyA huA dekhakara unhoMne socA isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? idhara-udhara dekhA to unheM mahAsatI jI ekAnta meM baiThI huI dikhAyI dI / zrAvakajI unakI sevA meM phuNce| namana kara unhoMne mahAmatI se pUchA-Apa kyA kara rahI haiM ? mahAsatI ne batAyA ki maiM svAdhyAya kara rahI hU~ / isa samaya candraprajJapti aura sUrya prajJapti kI svAdhyAya cala rahI hai / zrAvakajI ne namratA se nivedana kiyA-sadguruNIjI, dekhie ki vRkSa ke patte asamaya meM gira rahe haiM, phUla murajhA rahe haiM / lagatA hai svAdhyAya karate samaya kahIM asAvadhAnI se skhalanA ho gaI hai / kRpAkara ApazrI punaH svAdhyAya kareM / lAlA dalapatasiMha jI bhI Agama ke marmajJa vidvAna the / svAdhyAya kI gyii| jahA~ para skhalanA huI thI zrAvakajI ne unheM batAyA / skhalanA kA pariSkAra karane para vRkSoM ke patte girane banda ho gaye aura phUla muskarAne lge| mahAsatIjI kA vihAra kSetra dillI, paMjAba, jayapura, jodhapura, mer3atA aura udayapura rahA hai-aisA prazastiyoM ke AdhAra se jJAta hotA hai / mahAsatI bhAgAjI kI aneka viduSI ziSyAeM thiiN| unameM vIrAjI pramukha thIM / ve bhI AgamoM ke rahasyoM kI jJAtA aura cAritraniSThA thiiN| unakI janmasthalI Adi ke sambandha meM sAmagrI prApta nahIM hai / mahAsatI vIrAjI kI mukhya ziSyA saddAjI thIM jinakA paricaya isa prakAra hai| rAjasthAna ke sAmbhara grAma meM vi0 saM0 1857 ke pauSa kRSNa dazama ko mahAsatI sadAjI kA janma huaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma pATanade thA aura pitA kA nAma pIthAjI modI thaa| aura do jyeSTha bhrAtA the| unakA nAma mAlacanda aura bAlacanda thaa| saddAjI kA rUpa atyanta sundara thA tathA mAtA-pitA kA apUrva pyAra bhI unheM prApta huA thaa| usa samaya jodhapura ke mahArAjA abhayasiMhajI the / sumerasiMhajI mehatA mahArAjA abhayasiMha ke manonIta adhikArI the| unhoMne cAraNa ke dvArA saddAjI ke apUrva rUpa kI prazaMsA sunakara unake pitA ke sAmane prastAva rakhA anta meM sahAjI kA pANigrahaNa unake sAtha sampanna huA / virATa vaibhava aura manonukUla patnI ko pAkara mehatAjI bhogoM meM tallIna the / saddAjI ko bAlyakAla se hI dhArmika saMskAra mile the| isa kAraNa ve pratidina sAmAyika karatI thIM aura prAtaHkAla va sandhyA ke samaya pratikramaNa bhI karatI thiiN| eka bAra saddAjI eka prahara taka saMbara kI maryAdA lekara namaskAra mahAmantra kA jApa kara rahI thIM, usI samaya dAsiyA~ ghabarAyI huIM aura A~khoM se A~sU barasAtI huI daur3I AyIM aura kahA mAlakina, gajaba ho gayA / mehatAjI kI hRdaya gati ekA

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 31 eka ruka jAne se unakA prANAnta ho gayA hai| unhoMne sadA ke lie A~kheM mUMda lI haiM / yaha sunate hI saddAjI ne tIna dina kA upavAsa kara liyA aura dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela aura miSThAna ina pAMcoM vigaya kA jIvana paryanta ke lie tyAga kara diyA / bhojana meM kevala roTI aura chAcha Adi kA upayoga karanA hI rakhakara zeSa sabhI vastuoM kA tyAga kara diyA / pati mara gayA, kintu unhoMne rone kA bhI tyAga kara diyA / sAsasasura donoM Akara phUTa-phUTa kara rone lage, saddAjI ne unheM samajhAyA-aba gene se koI phAyadA nahIM hai| kevala karma-bandhana hogaa| isalie ronA chor3a deN| ApakA putra Apako chor3akara saMsAra se bidA ho cukA hai / aisI sthiti meM maiM bhI aba saMsAra meM nahIM rahUMgI aura zramaNadharma ko svIkAra kruuNgii| sAsa aura sasura ne vividha dRSTiyoM se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA kintu saddAjI kI vairAgya bhAvanA itanI dRr3ha thI ki ve vicalita nahIM huii| devara rAmalAla ne bhI saddAjI se kahA ki Apa saMsAra kA parityAga na kreN| putra ko dattaka lekara ArAma se apanA jIvana yApana kreN| kintu saddAjI isake lie prastuta nahIM thiiN| unake bhrAtA mAlacandajI aura bAlacandajI ne bhI Akara bahana ko saMyama sAdhanA kI atiduSkaratA batAyI / kintu saddAjI apane mantavya para dRr3ha rhiiN| usa samaya AcAryazrI amarasiMhajI mahArAja kI AjJAnuvartinI mahAsatI bhAgAjI kI ziSyA mahAsatI vIrAjI jodhapura meM virAja rahI thI / mehatA parivAra bhI mahAsatIjI ke nirmala caritra se prabhAvita thA / unhoMne kahA-tuma mahAsatIjI ke pAsa saharSa pravrajyA grahaNa kara sakatI ho kintu hama tumheM jodhapura meM kabhI bhI dIkSA nahIM lene de sakate / yadi tumheM dIkSA hI lenI hai to jodhapura ke atirikta kahIM bhI le sakatI ho / saddAjI ne bAr3amera jile ke jasola grAma meM vi0 saM01877 meM mahAsatI vIrAjI ke pAsa saMyamadharma svIkAra kiyA / dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt unhoMne vinayapUrvaka aThAraha zAstra kaNThastha kiye, saikar3oM thokar3e aura anya dArzanika dhArmika grantha bhI / isake bAda deza ke vividha aMcaloM meM paribhramaNa kara dharma kI atyadhika prabhAvanA kii| saddAjI kI aneka ziSyAeM huii| unameM phatta jI, ratnAjI, cenAjI aura lAdhAjI ye cAra mukhya thiiN| cAroM meM viziSTa vizeSatAe~ thiiN| mahAsatI phatta jI kA vihAra-kSetra mukhya rUpa se mAravAr3a rahA aura unakI ziSyAe~ bhI mAravAr3a meM hI vicaraNa karatI rahIM / Aja pUjya zrI amarasiMha jI mahArAja kI sampradAya kI mAravAr3a meM jo sAdhviyAM haiM, ve sabhI phatta jI ke parivAra kI haiN| mahAsatI ratnAjI kA vicaraNa kSetra mevAr3a meM rhaa| isalie mevAr3a meM jitanI bhI sAdhviyAM haiM ve ratnAjI ke parivAra kI haiN| mahAsatI cenAjI meM sevA kA apUrva guNa thA tathA mahAsatI lAdhAjI ugra tapasvinI thIM / ina donoM kI ziSyA-paramparA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai|

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32 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] mahAsatI zrI saddAjI ne aneka mAsakhamaNa tathA karmacUra aura vividha prakAra ke tapa kiye / tapa Adi ke kAraNa zArIrika zakti vihAra ke lie upayukta na rahane para vi0 saM0 1901 meM ve jodhapura meM sthiravAsa ThaharI / mahAsatI phattU jI aura ratnA jI ko unhoMne Adeza diyA ki ve ghUma-ghUma kara atyadhika dharmapracAra kareM / unhoMne rAjasthAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM paribhramaNa kara anekoM bahanoM ko pravrajyA dI / saM0 1921 meM mahAsatI phatta jI aura ratnAjI ke vicAra kiyA ki isa varSa hama saba guruNIjI kI sevA meM hI varSAvAsa kareMgI / sabhI mahAsatI sAjI kI sevA meM pahu~ca gayIM / ASAr3ha zuklA paMcamI ke dina mahAsatI saddAjI ne tivihAra saMthArA dhAraNa kiyA / sadguruNIjI ko saMthArA dhAraNa kiyA huA dekhakara unakI ziSyA mahAsatI lAdhAjI ne bhI saMthArA kara liyA aura sadguruNI jI se kucha dinoM ke pUrva hI svarga pahu~ca gaIM / saMthArA cala rahA thA, mahAsatIjI ne apanI ziSyAoM ko bulAkara aMtima zikSA dete hue kahA - " apanI paramparA meM brAhmaNa aura vaizya ke atirikta anya varNavAlI mahilAoM ko dIkSA nahIM denA, tathA maiMne anya jo samAcArI banAyI hai, usakA pUrNarUpa se pAlana karanA / tuma vIrAMganA ho / saMyama ke patha para nirantara bar3hatI rahanA / cAhe kitane bhI kaSTa AveM una kaSToM se ghabarAnA nahIM / " sadguruNIjI kI zikSA ko sunakara sabhI sAdhviyA~ gadgada ho gayIM / unheM lagA ki aba sadguruNIjI lambe samaya kI mehamAna nahIM haiM / hameM unakI AjJA kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karanA hI cAhie / bhAdrapada sudI ekama ke dina pacapana dina kA saMthArA kara ve svarga padhArIM / isa prakAra paiMtAlIsa varSa taka mahAsatI saddAjI ne saMyama kI sAdhanA, tapa kI ArAdhanA kii| Aja bhI mahAsatI saddAjI kI zikSA-parivAra meM pacAsa se bhI adhika sAdhviyAM haiN| mahAsatI ratnAjI kI ziSyA - parivAra meM zAsana prabhAvikA lachamAjI kA nAma vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / inakA janma udayapura rAjya ke tirapAla grAma meM saM0 1910 meM huA thA / Apake pitA kA nAma rikhabacandajI mANDota aura mAtA kA nAma nandUbAI thA / Apake do bhrAtA the - kisanAjI aura vaccharAja jI / ApakA pANigrahaNa mAdaDA gA~va ke sA~kalacandajI caudharI ke sAtha huaa| kucha samaya ke pazcAt sA~kalacandajI ke zarIra meM bhayaMkara vyAdhi utpanna huI aura unhoMne sadA ke lie A~kha mUMda lI / usa samaya mahAsatI ratnAjI kI ziSyA gulAbakuMvarajI mAdaDA padhArIM / ve mahAna tapasvinI thIM, unhoMne apane jIvana meM anekoM mAsakhamaNa kiye the / unake upadeza ko sunakara lachamAjI ke mana meM vairAgya bhAvanA ubuddha huI / aura vi0 saM0 1928 'bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| ve prakRti se bhadra, vinIta aura sarala mAnasavAlI thIM / eka bAra ve apanI sadguruNIjI ke sAtha bar3I sAdaDI meM virAja rahI thIM / satI - vRnda kamare meM AhAra kara rahI thIM ki eka bAlaka A~khoM se A~sU barasAtA huA

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 33 aayaa| bAlaka ko rote hue dekhakara lachamAjI ne pUchA-tU kyoM ro rahA hai ? bAlaka ne rote hue kahA-maiM gaThThalAlajI mehatA ke yahA~ naukarI karatA huuN| merA nAma vacharAja hai / Aja seTha ke yahA~ mehamAna Aye haiM aura sabhI miSThAna khA rahe haiM / para mere nasIba meM rUkhI-sUkhI roTI bhI kahA~ hai ? kSudhA se chaTapaTAte hue maiMne bhojana kI yAcanA kii| kintu unhoMne mujhe dutkAra kara ghara se nikAla diyA ki tujhe mAla khAnA hai yA naukarI karanI hai / maiM apane bhAgya para pazcAttApa kara rahA huuN| lachamAjI ne bAlaka kI ora dekhA / usake cehare para apUrva teja thaa| unhoMne use AzvAsana dete hue kahA-roo mata / kala se tere sabhI duHkha miTa jAyeMge / bAlaka ha~satA aura nAcatA huA cala diyaa| choTI sAdaDI meM nAgorI zreSThI ke lar3akA nahIM thaa| pAsa meM lAkhoM kI sampatti thii| seThAnI ke kahane se seTha jI bAlaka bacharAja ko dattaka lene ke lie bar3I sAdaDI pahuMce aura usako apanA dattaka putra ghoSita kara diyaa| bAlaka ne mahAsatI ke caraNoM meM girakara kahA-sadguruNIjI, ApakA hI puNya pratApa hai ki mujhe yaha virATa sampatti prApta ho rahI hai| ApakI bhaviSyavANI pUrNa satya siddha huii| mahAsatI lachamAjI ke sahaja rUpa se nikale hue zabda satya siddha hote the / unako vAcA siddhi thii| unake jIvana ke aise aneka prasaMga haiM jisameM unakI camatkArapUrNa jIvana-jhA~kiyA~ haiN| vistArabhaya se maiM use yahA~ nahIM de rahA huuN| mahAsatI lachamAjI saM0 1955 meM gogundA padhArIM / manda jvara ke kAraNa zarIra zithila ho cukA thA / ataH caitra vadI aSTamI ke dina unhoMne saMthArA grahaNa kiyaa| tIna dina ke pazcAt rAtri meM eka deva ne prakaTa hokara unheM nAnA prakAra ke kaSTa diye aura vividha prakAra ke sugaMdhita bhojana se bharA huA thAla sAmane rakhakara kahA ki bhojana kara lo| kintu satI jI ne kahA-maiM bhojana nahIM kara sktii| pahalA kAraNa yaha hai ki devoM kA AhAra hameM kalpatA nahIM hai / dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki rAtri hai| tIsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki mere saMthArA hai| isalie maiM AhAra grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI / deva ne kahA-jaba taka tuma AhAra grahaNa nahIM karogI taba taka hama tumheM kaSTa deNge| Apane kahA-maiM kaSTa se nahIM ghbraatii| eka kSaNa bhI prakAza karate hue jInA zreyaskara hai kintu patha-bhraSTa hokara jInA upayukta nahIM hai / tuma mere tana ko kaSTa de sakate ho, kintu AtmA ko nahIM / AtmA to ajara-amara hai / anta meM devazakti parAjita ho gayI / usane unakI dRr3hatA kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kii| saMthAre ke samaya anekoM bAra deva ne kezara kI aura sUkhe gulAba ke puSpoM kI vRSTi kI / dIvAloM para kezara aura candana kI chApa laga jAtI thI / saMgIta kI madhura svara lahariyA~ sunAyI detI thIM aura deviyoM kI pAyala dhvani sunakara janamAnasa ko Azcarya hotA thA ki ye adRzya dhvaniyA~ kahA~ se A rahI haiN|

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34 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] isa prakAra 67 dina taka saMthArA claa| jyeSTha vadI amAvasyA vi0 saM0 1956 ke dina unakA saMthArA pUrNa huA aura ve svarga pdhaarii| parama viduSI mahAsatI zrI saddAjI kI ziSyAoM meM mahAsatI zrI ratnAjI parama viduSI satI thiiN| unakI eka ziSyA mahAsatI raMbhAjI huI / raMbhAjI pratibhA kI dhanI thiiN| unakI suziSyA mahAsatI zrI navalAjI huIM / navalAjI parama viduSI sAdhvI thiiN| unakI pravacana zailI atyanta madhura thii| jo eka bAra Apake pravacana ko suna letA vaha ApakI tyAga, vairAgyayukta vANI se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahatA / ApakI aneka ziSyAeM huiiN| unameM se pAMca ziSyAoM ke nAma aura unakI paramparA upalabdha hotI hai / sarvaprathama mahAsatI navalAjI kI suziSyA kaMsuvAjI thiiN| unakI eka ziSyA huiiN| unakA nAma sirevarajI thA aura unakI do ziSyAe~ huI / eka kA nAma sAkarakuvarajI aura dUsarI kA nAma najarakuMvarajI thaa| mahAsatI sAkarakuMvarajI kI kitanI ziSyAeM huI yaha prAcIna sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu mahAsatI najarakuvarajI kI pA~ca ziSyAeM huI / mahAsatI najarakuMvarajI eka viduSI sAdhvI thIM / inakI janmasthalI udayapura rAjya ke vallabha nagara ke sannikaTa menAra gA~va thii| Apa jAti se brAhmaNa thIM / brAhmaNa kula meM janma lene ke kAraNa Apa meM svAbhAvika pratibhA thI / Agama sAhitya kA acchA parijJAna thaa| ApakI pA~ca ziSyAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM(1) mahAsatI rUpakuvarajI-yaha udayapura ke sannikaTa delavAr3A grAma kI nivAsinI thiiN| (2) mahAsatI pratApa'varajI- yaha bhI udayapura rAjya ke vIrapurA grAma kI thiiN| (3) mahAsatI pATUjI-ye samadar3I (rAjasthAna) kI thiiN| inake pati kA nAma goDAjI lukaDa thaa| vi0 saM0 1978 meM inakI dIkSA huii| (4) mahAsatI cothAjI--inakI janmasthalI udayapura rAjya ke baMborA grAma meM thI aura inakI sasurAla vATI grAma meM thii| (5) mahAsatI ejAjI-ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke zizode grAma meM huA, Apake pitA kA nAma bherUlAlajI aura mAtA kA nAma katthUbAI thA / ApakA pANigrahaNa vArI (mevAr3a) meM huA aura vahIM para mahAsatI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara dIkSA grahaNa kI / vartamAna meM inameM se cAra sAdhviyoM kA svargavAsa ho cukA hai kevala mahAsatI ejAjI isa samaya vidyamAna haiN| unakI koI ziSyAeM nahIM haiN| isa prakAra yaha paramparA yahA~ taka rahI hai| mahAsatI zrI navalAjI kI dvitIya ziSyA gumAnAjI thiiN| unakI ziSyAparamparAoM meM bar3e AnandakuMvarajI eka viduSI mahAsatI huI / ve bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI thIM / unakI suziSyAe~ aneka huI, para una sabhI ke nAma mujhe upalabdha nahIM hue / unakI pradhAna ziSyA mahAsatI zrI bAlabrahmacAriNI abhayakuMvarajI huI / ApakA janma vi0 saM0 1652 phAlguna vadI 12 maMgalavAra ko rAjavI ke bATelA gA~va (mevAr3a) meM huaa| Apane apanI mAtezvarI zrI hemakuMvarajI ke sAtha mahAsatI AnandakuvarajI ke

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 35 upadeza se prabhAvita hokara vi0 saM0 1960 mRgazira sudI 13 ko pAlI mAravAr3a meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apako zAstroM kA gaharA abhyAsa thA / ApakA pravacana zrotAoM ke dila ko AkarSita karane vAlA hotA thA / jIvana kI sAndhyabelA meM netra-jyoti calI jAne se Apa bhIma (mevAr3a) meM sthiravAsa rahIM aura vi0 saM0 2033 ke mAgha meM ApazrI kA saMthArA sahita svargavAsa huA / ApazrI kI do ziSyAe~ huI-mahAsatI badAmakuvarajI tathA mahAsatI jasaku~varajI / mahAsatI badAmakuvarajI kA janma vi0 saM0 1961 vasanta paMcamI ko bhIma gA~va meM huaa| ApakA pANigrahaNa bhI vahIM huA aura vi0 saMvat 1978 meM viduSI mahAsatI abhayakuMvarajI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apa sevAbhAvI mahAsatI thIM / saM0 2033 meM ApakA bhIma meM svargavAsa huaa| mahAsatI zrI jasakuMvarajI kA janma 1953 meM padarADA grAma meM huaa| Apane mahAsatI zrI AnandakuMvarajI ke pAsa saM0 1985 meM kambola grAma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura mahAsatI zrI abhayavarajI kI sevA meM rahane se ve unheM apanI guruNI kI taraha pUjanIya mAnatI thiiN| Apa meM sevA kI bhAvanA atyadhika thI / saM0 2033 meM bhIma meM svargavAsa huaa| isa prakAra yaha paramparA yahA~ taka clii| mahAsatI zrI navalAjI kI tRtIya ziSyA kesarakuMvarajI thiiN| unakI suziSyA chaganakuMvarajI huiiN| mahAsatI chaganakuMvarajI-Apa kuzalagar3ha ke sannikaTa kelavAr3e grAma kI nivAsinI thIM / laghuvaya meM hI ApakA pANigrahaNa ho gayA thaa| kintu kucha samaya ke pazcAt pati kA dehAnta ho jAne se Apake antarmAnasa meM dhArmika sAdhanA ke prati vizeSa ruci jAgRta huI / ApakA sasura pakSa mUrtipUjaka AmnAya ke prati viziSTa rUpa se AkarSita thaa| Apa tIrthayAtrA kI dRSTi se udayapura AyIM / kucha bahine pravacana sunane hetu mahAsatI gulAbakuMvarajI ke pAsa jA rahI thiiN| Apane unase pUchA ki kahA~ jA rahI haiM / unhoMne batAyA ki hama mahAsatIjI ke pravacana sunane jA rahI haiN| unake sAtha Apa bhI pravacana sunane hetu pahu~cI / mahAsatIjI ke vairAgyapUrNa pravacana ko sunakara antarmAnasa meM tIvra vairAgya bhAvanA jAgrata huI / Apane mahAsatIjI se nivedana kiyA ki merI bhAvanA tyAga-mArga ko grahaNa karane kI hai / mahAsatIjI ne kahA-kucha samaya taka dhArmika adhyayana kara, phira antima nirNaya lenA adhika upayukta rahegA / buddhi tIkSNa thii| ataH kucha hI dinoM meM kAphI thokar3e, bola, pratikramaNa va AgamoM ko kaNThastha kara liyaa| parivAra vAloM ne ApakI utkRSTa bhAvanA dekhakara dIkSA kI anumati pradAna kii| Apa apane sAtha tIrthayAtrA karane hetu virAT sampatti bhI lAyI thIM / parivAra vAloM ne kahA-hama isa sampatti ko nahIM leNge| ataH sArI sampatti kA unhoMne dAna kara diyA / ApakA pravacana bahuta hI madhura hotA thaa| ApakI aneka ziSyAeM thiiN| unameM mahAsatI phUlakuMvarajI mukhya thiiN| vi0 saM0 1965 meM saMthAre ke sAtha ApakA udayapura meM svargavAsa huaa|

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36 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] mahAsatI jJAnakuvarajI-mahAsatI chaganakuMvarajI kI eka ziSyA viduSI mahAsatI jJAna kuvarajI thIM / ApakA janma vi0 saM0 1605 ummaDa grAna meM huA aura bamborA ke zivalAlajI ke sAtha ApakA pANigrahaNa huA thaa| saM0 1940 me Apake eka putra huA jisakA nAma hajArImala rakhA gyaa| AcAryapravara pUjyazrI pUnamacandajI mahArAja tathA mahAsatI chaganakuvarajI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara Apane 1650 meM mahAsatI zrIchaganakuvarajI ke pAsa jAloTa meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apake putra ne jyeSTha zuklA 13 ravivAra ke dina samadar3I meM dIkSA grahaNa ko| unakA nAma tArAcandajI mahArAja rakhA gayA / ve hI Age calakara upAdhyAya zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja ke guru bane / mahAsatI jJAnakuvarajI mahArAja bahuta hI sevAbhAvI tathA taponiSThA sAdhvI thiiN| mahAsatI zrI gulAbakuvarajI ke udayapura sthAnApanna virAjane para ApazrI ne vahA~ varSoM taka rahakara sevA kI aura vi0 saM0 1987 meM udayapura meM saMthArA sahita unakA svargavAsa huaa| ___ mahAsatI phUlakuvarajI-~-ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke dulAvatoM ke gur3he meM vi0 saM0 1921 meM huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma bhagavAnacandajI aura mAtA kA nAma cunnIbAI thA / laghuvaya meM ApakA pANigrahaNa tIrapAla meM huaa| kintu kucha samaya ke pazcAt pati kA dehAnta ho jAne se mahAsatI chaganakuvarajI ke upadeza ko sunakara virakti huI aura 17 varSa kI umra meM Apane pravrajyA grahaNa kI / ApakI buddhi bahuta hI tIkSNa thI / Apane anekoM zAstra kaMThastha kiye / ApakI pravacana zailI bhI atyanta madhura thii| Apake pravacana se prabhAvita hokara nimna ziSyAe~ banIM-(1) mahAsatI mANakavarajI, (2) mahAsatI dhUlakuvarajI, (3) mahAsatI AnandakuvarajI, (4) mahAsatI lAbhakuvarajI, (5) mahAsatI sohanakuvarajI, (6) mahAsatI premakuvarajI aura (7) mahAsatI mohanakuvarajI / Apane pacAsa varSa taka saMyama kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kii| vi0 saM0 1986 meM Apako aisA pratIta hone lagA ki merA zarIra lambe samaya taka nahIM rhegaa| Apane apanI ziSyAoM ko kahA ki mujhe aba saMthArA karanA hai / kintu ziSyAoM ne nivedana kiyA ki abhI Apa pUrNa svastha haiM, aisI sthiti meM saMthArA karanA ucita nahIM hai / usa samaya Apane ziSyAoM ke mana ko duHkhAnA ucita nahIM samajhA / Apane apane mana se hI phAlguna zuklA bArasa ke dina saMthArA kara liyA / dUsare dina jaba sAdhviyA~ bhikSA ke lie jAne lagI, taba unhoMne Apase nivedana kiyA ki hama Apake lie bhikSA meM kyA lAveM taba Apane kahA ki mujhe AhAra nahIM karanA hai / tIna dina taka yahI krama claa| cauthe dina sAdhviyoM ke Agraha para Apane spaSTa kiyA ki maiMne saMthArA kara liyA hai / caitra badI aSTamI ko bAraha dina kA saMthArA pUrNa kara Apa svarga padhArI / mahAsatI mANakavarajI-ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke kAnoDa grAma meM vi0saM0 1610 meM huaa| ApakI prakRti sarala, sarasa thI / sevA kI bhAvanA atyadhika

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 37 thI / 75 varSa kI umra meM vi0 saM0 1985 ke Asoja mahIne meM ApakA udayapura meM svargavAsa huaa| mahAsatI dhUla kuMvarajI-ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke mAdar3A grAma meM vi0 saM0 1935 mAgha badI amAvasyA ko huaa| Apake pitAzrI pannAlAla jI caudharI aura mAtA kA nAma nAthIbAI thaa| mAtA-pitA ne dIrghakAla ke pazcAt santAna hone se ApakA nAma dhUlakuvara rakhA / teraha varSa kI laghuvaya meM vAsa nivAsI cimanalAla jI oraDiyA ke sAtha ApakA pANigrahaNa huaa| kucha samaya ke pazcAt hI pati kA dehAnta hone para, ApakI bhAvanA mahAsatI phUlakuvara jI ke upadeza ko sunakara saMyama grahaNa karane kI huI / kintu pArivArika janoM ke atyAgraha ke kAraNa Apa saMyama na le sakI aura vi0 saM0 1956 meM phAlguna badI terasa ko vAsa grAma meM mahAsatI phUlaka varajI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| vinaya, vaiyAvatya aura saralatA Apake jIvana kI mukhya vizeSatAe~ thiiN| Apane aneka zAstroM ko bhI kaNThastha kiyA thA / lagabhaga 300 thokar3e Apako kaNThastha the / Apake mahAsatI AnandakuvarajI, mahAsatI saubhAgyakuvarajI, mahAsatI zambhaka varajI, bAlabrahmacAriNI zIlakaMvarajI, mahAsatI mohanakuMvarajI, mahAsatI kaMcanakuvarajI, mahAsatI sumanavatIjI, mahAsatI dayAvarajI, Adi ziSyAeM thIM / zraddheya sagudruvarya puSkaramunijI mahArAja ko bhI prathama Apake upadeza se hI vairAgya bhAvanA jAgRta huI thii| ApakA vihAra kSetra mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, madhyapradeza, ajamera, byAvara thA / vi0 saM0 2003 meM Apa gogundA grAma meM sthAnApanna virAjI aura vi0 2013 meM kArtika zuklA gyArasa ko 24 ghaMTe ke saMthAre ke pazcAt ApakA svargavAsa huaa| mahAsatI lAbhakuMvarajI-ApakA janma vi0 saM0 1633 meM udayapura rAjya ke Dhola grAma meM huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma motIlAlajI DhAlAvata aura mAtA kA nAma tIjabAI thA / ApakA pANigrahaNa sAyarA ke kAveDiyA parivAra meM huA thaa| laghuvaya meM hI pati kA dehAnta ho jAne para mahAsatI phUlakavarajI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara vi0 saM0 1956 meM sAdaDI mAravAr3a meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| ApakA kaNTha bahuta madhura thaa| vyAkhyAna-kalA sundara thii| ApakI do ziSyAeM huI-mahAsatI laharakuMvarajI aura dAkhakuMvarajI / ApakA svargavAsa 2003 meM zrAvaNa meM yazavaMtagar3ha meM huaa| mahAsato laharakuMvarajI-ApakA janma nAndezamA grAma meM huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma sUrajamalajI siMghavI aura mAtA kA nAma phUlakuvara bAI thA / ApakA pANigrahaNa Dhola nivAsI gegarAjajI DhAlAvata ke sAtha huaa| pati kA dehAnta hone para kucha samaya ke pazcAt eka putrI kA bhI dehAvasAna ho gyaa| eka putrI jisakI umra sAta varSa kI thI use usakI dAdI ko sauMpakara vi0 saM0 1981 meM jyeSTha sudI bArasa ko nAndezamA grAma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / ApakI prakRti madhura va milanasAra

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38 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] thI / stoka sAhitya kA Apane acchA abhyAsa kiyA / ApakI eka ziSyA banI jinakA nAma khamAnakuMvarajI hai| ApakA svargavAsa 2026 mAha badI aSTamI ko 12 ghaMTe ke saMthAre se sAyarA meM huaa| mahAsatI prema kuMvarajI- ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke gogundA grAma meM huA aura ApakA paNigrahaNa udayapura meM huA thaa| pati kA dehAnta hone para mahAsatI phUlakuMvarajI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa prakRti se sarala, vinIta aura kSamAzIla thiiN| vi0 saM0 1964 meM ApakA udayapura meM svargavAsa huA / ApakI eka ziSyA thI jinakA nAma viduSI mahAsatI pAnakuMvarajI thA, jo bahuta hI sevAbhAvinI thIM aura jinakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 2024 ke pauSa mAha meM gogundA grAma meM huaa| mahAsatI mohanakuMvara jI--ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke vATI grAma meM huA thA / Apa lodA parivAra kI thIM / ApakA pANigrahaNa molerA grAma meM huA thA ! mahAsatI phUlaka varajI ke upadeza ko zravaNa kara cAritradharma grahaNa kiyA / Apako thokar3oM kA acchA abhyAsa thA aura sAtha hI madhura vyAkhyAnI bhI thiiN| mahAsatI zaubhAgyavarajI- ApakA janma bar3I sAdar3I nAgorI parivAra meM huA thA aura bar3I sAdar3I ke nivAsI pratApamala jI mehatA ke sAtha ApakA pANigrahaNa huaa| Apake eka putra bhI huA / mahAsatI zrI dhUla kuvarajI ke upadeza ko sunakara Apane pravrajyA grahaNa kii| ApakI prakRti bhadra thii| jJAnAbhyAsa sAdhAraNa thA / vi. saM0 2027 Asoja sudI terasa ko tIna ghaMTe saMthAre ke sAtha gogundA meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| mahAsatI zambhakuMvarajI-ApakA janma vi0 saM0 1958 meM vAgapurA grAma meM huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma gegarAjajI dharmAvata aura mAtA kA nAma nAthIbAI thaa| khAkhar3a nivAsI anopacanda jI vanoriyA ke suputra dhanarAjajI ke sAtha ApakA pANigrahaNa huaa| Apake do putriyA~ huii| bar3I putrI bhUrabAI ko pANigrahaNa udayapura nivAsI candanamala jI karNapuriyA ke sAtha huaa| kucha samaya pazcAt pati kA nidhana hone para Apa udayapura meM apanI putrI ke sAtha rahane lgii| mahAsatI dhUlavarajI ke upadeza ko sanakara vairAgya bhAvanA udbaddha huii| apanI laghu putrI acaraja bAI ke sAtha vi0 saM0 1982 phAlguna zuklA dvitIyA ko khAkhaDa grAma meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| putrI kA nAma zIlakuvarajI rakhA gayA / Apako thokar3oM kA tathA Agama sAhitya kA acchA parijJAna thaa| Apake pravacana vairAgyavardhaka hote the / vi0 saM0 2018 meM Apa gogundA meM sthiravAsa viraajii| vi0 saM0 2023 ke ASAr3ha badI terasa ko saMthArApUrvaka 1 dekhie paricaya- vartamAna paramparA meM sAdhviyAM-le0 rAjendra muni sAhityaratna

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jaina zAsana prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 36 svargavAsa huA / ApakI prakRti bhadra va sarala thI / sevA kA guNa Apa meM vizeSa rUpa se thA / isI paramparA meM paramaviduSI mahAsatI zrI zIlakuvarajI mahArAja vartamAna meM haiM / mahAsatI zIlakuvarajI kI mahAsatI mohanakuvarajI, mahAsatI sAyaraku~varajI, viduSI mahAsatI zrI candanabAlAjI, mahAsatI zrI celanAjI, mahAsatI sAdhanA kuMvarajI aura mahAsatI vinayaprabhAjI Adi aneka ApakI suziSyAe~ haiM jinameM bahuta sI prabhAvazAlI vicAraka va vaktA haiM / mahAsatI navalAjI kI caturtha ziSyA jasAjI huiiN| unake janma Adi 'vRtta ke sambandha meM sAmagrI prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| unakI ziSyA - paramparAoM meM mahAsatI zrI lAbhakuMvarajI thIM / inakA janma udayapura rAjya meM kaMbola grAma meM huA / inhoMne laghuvaya meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| ye bahuta hI nirbhIka vIrAMganA thiiN| eka bAra apanI ziSyAoM ke sAtha khamanora (mevAr3a) grAma se semala gA~va jA rahI thiiN| usa samaya sAtha meM anya koI bhI gRhastha zrAvaka nahIM the, kevala sAdhviyAM hI thiiN| usa samaya sazastra cAra sra Apako lUTane ke lie A pahuMce / anya sAdhviyA~ DAkuoM ke DarAvane rUpa ko dekhakara bhayabhIta ho gayIM / DAkU sAmane Aye / mahAsatI jI ne Age bar3hakara unheM kahA -- tuma vIra ho, kyA apanI bahU-beTI sAdhviyoM para hAtha uThAnA tumhArI vIratA ke anukUla hai ? tumheM zarama AnI caahie| isa vIra bhUmi meM tuma sAdhviyoM ke vastra Adi lene para utArU ho rahe ho / kyA tumhArA kSAtrateja tumheM yahI sikhAtA hai ? isa prakAra mahAsatIjI ke nirbhIkatApUrvaka vacanoM ko sunakara DAkuoM ke dila parivartita ho gaye / ve mahAsatIjI ke caraNoM meM gira par3e aura unhoMne pratijJA kI ki hama bhaviSya meM kisI bahana yA mA~ para hAtha nahIM uThAyeMge aura na bAlakoM para hI / DAkA DAlanA to hama nahIM chor3a sakate, para isa niyama kA hama dRr3hatA se pAlana kareMge / eka bAra mahAsatI lAbhakuMvarajI cAra ziSyAoM ke sAtha devariyA grAma meM padhArIM / vahA~ para eka bahuta hI sundara makAna thA / eka zrAvaka ne kahA - mahAsatIjI yaha makAna Apa satiyoM ke Thaharane ke lie bahuta hI sAtAkArI rahegA / anya zrAvakagaNa mauna rahe / mahAsatIjI vahA~ para Thahara gayIM / mahAsatIjI ne dekhA usa makAna meM palaMga bichA huA thA / usa para gAdI takiye bichAye hue the tathA itra aura puSpoM kI madhura saurabha se makAna suvAsita thA / rAtri meM koI bhI bahina mahAsatIjI ke darzana ke lie vahA~ upasthita nahIM huiiN| mahAsatIjI ko patA laga gayA ki isa makAna meM avazya hI bhUta aura preta kA koI upadrava hai / mahAsatI lAbhakuMvarajI ne sabhI ziSyAoM ko Adeza diyA ki sabhI Akara mere pAsa pAsa baittheN| Aja rAtri bhara hama akhaNDa navakAra maMtra kA jApa kreNgii| jApa calane lagA / eka sAdhvIjI ko jarA nIMda Ane lagIM / jyoM hI ve soIM tyoM hI pretAtmA usa mahAsatI kI chAtI para savAra ho gayI jisase vaha cillAne lagI / mahAsatI lAbhaku varajI ne Age bar3hakara usa preta

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40 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] ko lalakArA-tujhe mahAsatiyoM ko parezAna karate hue lajjA nahIM aatii| hamane tumhArA kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3A hai / mahAsatI kI gaMbhIra garjanA ko sunakara pretAtmA eka ora ho gayA / mahAsatI lAbhakuvarajI ne sabhI sAdhviyoM se kahA jaba taka tuma jAgatI rahogI taba taka pretAtmA kA kiMcit bhI jora na calegA / jAgate samaya japa calatA rhaa| kintu laMbA vihAra kara Ane ke kAraNa mahAsatiyA~ thakI huI thiiN| ataH unheM nIMda satAne lgii| jyoMhI dUsarI mahAsatI nIMda lene lagI tyoM hI pretAtmA unheM ghasITa kara eka ora le calA / gaharA aMdherA thA mahAsatI lAbhakuMvarajI ne jyoM hI andhere meM dekhA ki pretAtmA unakI sAdhvI ko ghasITa kara le jA rahA hai, navakAra maMtra kA jApa karatI huI ve pahu~cI aura pretAtmA ke caMgula se sAdhvI ko chur3Akara punaH apane sthAna para lAyIM aura rAta bhara jApa karatI huI paharA detI rhiiN| prAtaH hone para unake tapaHteja se prabhAvita hokara mahAsatIjI se kSamA mAMgakara pretAtmA vahA~ se calA gayA / mahAsatIjI ne zrAvakoM ko upAlaMbha dete hue kahA-isa prakAra bhayaprada sthAna meM sAdhviyoM ko nahIM ThaharAnA cAhie / zrAvakoM ne kahA- hamane socA ki hamArI guruNIjI bar3I hI camatkArI haiM, isalie isa makAna kA sadA ke lie saMkaTa miTa jAyagA ataH usa zrAvaka kI prArthanA karane para mauna rahe, aba kSamA prArthI haiN| mahAsatI jI ne kahA-saMkaTa to miTa gayA para hameM kitanI parezAnI huii| isa prakAra mahAsatIjI ke jIvana meM anekoM ghaTanAeM ghaTI kintu unake brahmacarya ke teja va japa-sAdhanA ke kAraNa sabhI upadrava zAMta rahe / mahAsatI zrI lAbhakuvarajI kI aneka ziSyAoM meM eka ziSyA mahAsatI choTe Ananda kuMvarajI thiiN| ApakI janmasthalI udayapura rAjya ke kamola grAma meM thii| ye bahuta hI madhurabhASiNI thiiN| unake jIvana meM tyAga kI pradhAnatA thii| isalie unake pravacanoM kA asara janatA ke antarmAnasa para sIdhA hotA thaa| Apa jahA~ bhI padhArI vahA~ Apake pravacanoM se janatA maMtramugdha hotI rahI / ApakI aneka ziSyAyeM huiiN| unameM mahAsatI mohanakuvarajI mahArAja aura laharakuMvarajI mahArAja ina do ziSyAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| mahAsatI mohanakuMvarajI kA janma udayapura rAjya ke bhUtAlA grAma meM huaa| unakA gRhasthAzrama kA nAma mohanabAI thaa| jAti se Apa brAhmaNa thIM / nau varSa kI laghuvaya meM unakA pANigrahaNa ho gayA / vaha pati ke sAtha eka bAra tIrthayAtrA ke lie gujarAta AyIM / bhaDoca ne sannikaTa naramadA meM snAna kara rahI thIM ki nadI meM pAnI kA acAnaka tIvra pravAha A gayA jisase aneka vyakti jo kinAre para snAna kara rahe the pAnI meM baha gaye / mohanabAI kA pati bhI baha gayA jisase ye vidhavA ho gayIM / usa samaya mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI vihAra karatI huI bhUtAle phuNciiN| unake upadeza se prabhAvita huI / mana meM vairAgya-bhAvanA laharAne lgii| kintu unake cAcA motIlAla ne aneka prayAsa kiye ki unakA vairAgya raMga phIkA par3a jAya / aneka bAra unheM thAne ke

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jaina zAsana prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ / 41 pUchA- Apa kauna andara koTharI meM banda kara diyA, para ve sabhI parIkSAoM meM samutIrNa huI / anta meM motIlAlajI unheM mahArANA phatahasiMha ke pAsa le gaye / mahArANAjI ne bhI unakI parIkSA lI / kintu unakI dRr3ha vairAgya bhAvanA rekhakara dIkSA kI anumati pradAna kara dI jisase solaha varSa kI umra meM ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| khUba mana lagAkara adhyayana kiyaa| ApakI dIkSA ke solaha varSa ke pazcAt ApakA varSAvAsa apanI sadguruNI ke sAtha udayapura meM thA / Azvina zuklA pUrNimA kI rAtri meM ve soyI huI thIM / unhoMne dekhA eka divya rUpa sAmane khar3A hai aura vaha AvAja de rahA hai ki jAga rahI haiM yA so rahI haiM ? tatkSaNa ve uThakara baiTha gayIM aura haiM ? aura kyoM Aye haiM ? deva ne kahA- yaha na pUcho, dekho tumhArA antima samaya A cukA hai | kArtika sudI pratipadA ke dina nau baje tuma apanI nazvara deha kA parityAga kara dogI, ataH saMthArA Adi kara apane jIvana kA uddhAra kara sakatI ho| yaha kaha kara deva antardhAna ho gayA / mahAsatI AnandakuvarajI jo sannikaTa hI soyI huI thIM, unhoMne sunA aura pUchA kisase bAta kara rahI ho ? unhoMne mahAsatIjI se nivedana kiyA ki merA antima samaya A cukA hai, isalie mujhe saMthArA karA deM / mahAsatIjI ne kahA- abhI terI battIsa varSa kI umra hai, zarIra meM kisI bhI prakAra kI vyAdhi nahIM hai, ataH maiM saMthArA nahIM karA sakatI / usa samaya udayapura meM AcArya zrIlAlajI mahArAja kA bhI varSAvAsa thA; unhoMne bhI apane ziSyoM ko bhejakara mahAsatI se saMdhArA na karAne kA Agraha kiyA aura mahArANA phatahasiMhajI ko jJAta huA to unhoMne bhI puchavAyA ki asamaya meM saMthArA kyoM kara rahI ho taba mahAsatI ne kahA maiM svecchA se saMthArA kara rahI hU~, maiM mevAr3a kI vIrAMganA hU~ / svIkRta saMkalpa se pIche haTane vAlI nahIM hU~ / anta meM saMthArA grahaNa kiyA aura gautama pratipadA ke dina nizcita samaya para unakA svargavAsa huA / mahAsatI laharakuMvarajI kA janma udayapura rAjya ke salodA grAma meM huA aura ApakA pANigrahaNa bhI sarodA meM huA / kintu laghuvaya meM hI pati kA dehAnta ho jAne se mahAsatI zrI AnandakuMvarajI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI / Agama sAhitya kA acchA abhyAsa kiyA / eka bAra sAyarA grAma meM zvetAmbara mUrtimUjaka aura terApaMtha kI satiyoM ke sAtha ApakA zAstrArtha huA | Apane apane akATya tarkoM se unheM parAsta kara diyaa| ApakI prakRti bahuta hI sarala thI / ApakI vANI meM mizrI sA mAdhurya thA / saM0 2007 meM ApakA varSAvAsa yazavantagar3ha (mevAr3a) meM thA / zarIra meM vyAdhi utpanna huI aura saMthAre ke sAtha ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ApakI do ziSyAe~ huIM - mahAsatI sajjana kuMvarajI aura mahAsatI kaMcanakuMvarajI / mahAsatI sajjana ku~varajI kA janma udayapura rAjya ke tirapAla grAma ke baMborI parivAra meM huA | Apake pitA kA nAma bhairUlAlajI aura mAtA kA nAma raMgUbAI thA / 13 varSa kI avasthA meM ApakA pANigrahaNa kamola ke tArAcandajI dozI ke sAtha

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42 / cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] sampanna huaa| ApakA gRhasthAzrama kA nAma jamunAbAI thaa| solaha varSa kI umra meM pati kA dehAnta hone para viduSI mahAsatI AnandakuvarajI ke upadeza se saM0 1976 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / caupana varSa taka dIkSA paryAya kA pAlana kara saM0 2030 Asoja sudI pUrNimA ke dina ApakA yazavantagar3ha meM svargavAsa huA / mahAsatI sajjanakuMvarajI kI eka ziSyA huI jinakA nAma bAlabrahmacAriNI viduSI mahAsatI kauzalyAjI hai| mahAsatI kauzalyAjI kI cAra ziSyAeM haiM - mahAsatI vijayavatIjI, mahAsatI hemavatIjI, mahAsatI darzanaprabhAjI aura mahAsatI sudarzanaprabhAjI / mahAsatI laharakavarajI kI dUsarI ziSyA mahAsatI kaMcanakuMvara jI kA janma udayapura rAjya ke kamola gAMva ke dosI parivAra meM huA / teraha varSa kI vaya meM ApakA vivAha padarADA meM huA aura cAra mahIne ke pazcAt hI pati ke dehAnta ho jAne se laghuvaya meM vidhavA ho gyiiN| mahAsatI zrI laharakuMvarajI ke upadeza ko sunakara dIkSA grahaNa kI / ApakA nAMdezamA grAma meM saMthAre ke sAtha svargavAsa huA / ApakI eka ziSyA hai jinakA nAma mahAsatI vallabhakuMvarajI haiM jo bahuta hI sevAparAyaNa hai| pUrva paMktiyoM meM hama batA cuke haiM ki mahAsatI saddAjI kI ratnAjI, raMbhAjI, navalAjI kI pA~ca ziSyAe~ haI, unameM se cAra ziSyAoM ke parivAra kA paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| unakI pA~cavI ziSyA amRtAjI huii| unako paramparA meM mahAsatI zrI rAyakuvarajI huI jo mahAna pratibhAsampanna thiiN| ApakI janmasthalI udayapura ke sannikaTa kavitA grAma meM thii| Apa osavAla talesarA vaMza kI thiiN| unake anya jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM mujhe vizeSa sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai / para yaha satya hai ki ve eka pratibhAsampanna sAdhvI thiiN| jinake pavitra upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara aneka ziSyAe~ banIM / unameM se dasa ziSyAoM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM / anya ziSyAoM ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| (1) mahAsatI sUrajakaMvarajI- inakI janmasthalI udayapura thI aura pANigrahaNa sADola (mevAr3a) ke hanota parivAra meM huA thaa| mahAsatI jI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara Apane sAdhanAmArga svIkAra kiyaa| ApakI kitanI ziSyAeM huIM, yaha jJAta nhiiN| (2) mahAsatI phUlakuMvarajI-ApakI janmasthalI bhI udayapura thI / A~cAliyA parivAra meM ApakA pANigrahaNa huA / mahAsatIjI ke pAvana pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara zramaNIdharma svIkAra kiyaa| ApakI bhI kitanI ziSyAe~ huI, yaha jJAta nahIM / (3) mahAsatI hullAsakuMvarajI-ApakI janmasthalI bhI udayapura thI / ApakA pANigrahaNa bhI udayapura ke harakhAvata parivAra meM huA thA / Apane bhI mahAsatIjI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara saMyama dharma grahaNa kiyA thaa| mahAsatI hullAsakuvarajI bahuta vilakSaNa pratibhA kI dhanI thiiN| Apake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara pA~ca ziSyAe~

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ / 43 banI-mahAsatI devakuvarajI (janma karNapura ke poravADa parivAra meM tathA vivAha udayapura poravADa parivAra), mahAsatI pyArakuMvarajI (janma-bATheDA, sasurAlaDaboka), mahAsatI padamakuvarajI-inakA janma udayapura ke sannikaTa thAmalA ke siyAra parivAra meM huA aura Daboka jhagar3Avata parivAra meM pANigrahaNa huaa| sthavirA viduSI mahAsatI saubhAgya kuMvarajI aura sevAmUrti mahAsatI caturakuvarajI / inameM mahAsatI padamakuvarajI kI mahAsatI kailAsakuMvarajI ziSyA huiiN| ApakI janmasthalI udayapura thI / Apake pipA kA nAma hIrAlAlajI aura mAtA kA nAma iMdirAbAI thaa| ApakA gaNezIlAlajI se pANigrahaNa huA thA / saM0 1993 phAlguna zuklA dasamI ke dina delavAr3A meM Apane dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apako caritra bA~cane kI zailI bahuta hI sundara thI, ApakI sevAbhAbanA prazaMsanIya thii| saM0 2032 meM ApakA ajamera meM saMthArA sahita svargavAsa huaa| ApakI eka ziSyA huI jinakA nAma mahAsatI ratanakuvarajI hai| mahAsatI hullAsakuvarajI kI caturtha ziSyA saubhAgyakuMvara jI haiN| ApakI janmasthalI udayapura, pitA kA nAma moDIlAlajI khokhAvata aura mAtA kA nAma rUpAbAI thA / ApazrI vartamAna meM vidyamAna haiM / ApakA svabhAva bahuta hI madhura hai / ApakI ziSyA huI mahAsatI mohanakuMvarajI jinakA janma darIbA (mevAr3a) meM huA aura unakA pANigrahaNa daboka grAma meM huaa| vi0 saM0 2006 meM Apane dIkSA grahaNa kI aura saM0 2031 meM ApakA svargavAsa udayapura meM huA / __ mahAsatI hullAsakuvarajI kI pA~cavIM ziSyA mahAsatI caturakuMvarajI haiM jo bahuta hI sevAparAyaNa sAdhvIratna haiN| . (4) mahAsatI rAyabarajI kI caturtha ziSyA hakamakuMvarajI thiiN| unakI sAta ziSyAeM huI-mahAsatI bhUrakuMvarajI-ApakA janma udayapura rAjya ke kavitA grAma meM huaa| Apako thokar3e sAhitya kA bahuta hI acchA parijJAna thA / pacahattara varSa kI umra meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ApakI eka ziSyA huI jinakA nAma mahAsatI pratApa'varajI thA, jo prakRti se bhadra thIM / lakhAvalI ke bhaNDArI ke parivAra meM ApakA pANigrahaNa huA thA aura lagabhaga sattara varSa kI umra meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| mahAsatI hukumakuMvarajI kI dUsarI ziSyA rUpakuMvarajI thiiN| ApakI janmasthalI devAsa (mevAr3a) kI thii| loDhA parivAra meM ApakA pANigrahaNa huA / Apane mahAsatI jI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI / varSoM taka saMyama pAlana kara anta meM ApakA udayapura meM svargavAsa huaa| mahAsatI hukumakuvarajI kI tRtIya ziSyA ballabhakuMvarajI thiiN| ApakA janma udayapura ke bAphanA parivAra meM huA thA aura ApakA pANigrahaNa udayapura ke

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44 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] gelaDA parivAra meM huA / Apane dIkSA grahaNa kara Agama zAstra kA acchA abhyAsa kiyA / ApakI eka ziSyA huIM jinakA nAma mahAsatI gulAbakuMvarajI thA / ApakA janma 'gulaM DiyA' parivAra meM huA thA aura pANigrahaNa 'vayA' parivAra meM huA thA / Apako Agama va stoka sAhitya kA samyak parijJAna thaa| udayapura meM hI saMthArA sahita svargastha huiiN| mahAsatI hukumakuMvarajI kI cauthI ziSyA sajjanakuMvarajI thiiN| Apane udayapura ke bAphanA parivAra meM janma liyA aura dugar3oM ke vahA~ para sasurAla thA / ApakI eka ziSyA huI ninakA nAma mohanakuMvarajI thA jinako janmasthalI alavara thI aura sasurAla khaNDavA meM thA / varSoM taka saMyama sAdhanA kara udayapura meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ___ mahAsatI hukumakuvarajI kI pAMcavI ziSyA choTe rAjakuMvarajI thiiN| Apa udayapura ke mAhezvarI vaMza kI thiiN| ___mahAsatI hukumakuMvarajI kI eka ziSyA devakuMvarajI thIM jo udayapura ke sannikaTa karNapura grAma kI nivAsinI thIM aura poravADa vaMza kI thIM aura sAtavIM ziSyA mahAsatI geMdakuMvarajI thIM / ApakA janma udayapura ke sannikaTa bhuAnA ke pagAriyA kula meM huA / candesarA gAMva ke bokar3iyA parivAra meM ApakI sasurAla thI / Apako saikar3oM thokar3e kaNThastha the| Apa se vAparAyaNa thiiN| saM0 2010 meM byAvara meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| (5) mahAsatI madanaku~varajI--ApakI janmasthalI udayapura thii| ApakI pratibhA gajaba kI thI / Apane mahAsatIjI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apako Agama sAhitya kA gambhIra adhyayana thA aura thokar3A sAhitya para bhI ApakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| eka bAra AcArya zrImunnAlAlajI mahArAja jo Agama sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAna the, unhoMne udayapura ke jAhira pravacana sabhA meM mahAsatI madanakuvarajI ko unnIsa prazna kiye the / ve prazna Agama jJAna ke sAtha hI pratibhA se sambandhita the| unhoMne pUchA-batAiye mahAsatIjI; siddha bhagavAna kitanA vihAra karate haiM ? uttara meM mahA. satItI ne kahA-siddha bhagavAna sAta rAju kA vihAra karate haiM, kyoMki siddha jo banate haiM ve yahA~ para banate haiM, yahIM para aSTa karma naSTa karate haiM aura phira karma naSTa hone se ve Urdhvaloka ke agrabhAga para avasthita hote haiM / kyoMki vahA~ se Age AkAza dravya hai, para dharmAstikAya nahIM / mahArAjazrI ne dUsarA prazna kiyA-sAdhu kitanA vihAra karate haiM ? uttara meM mahAsatI jI ne kahA-AcArya pravara, sAdhu caudaha rAju kA vihAra karate haiM / kevalI bhagavAna jinakA Ayukarma kama hotA hai aura vedanIya, nAma, gotra karma adhika hotA hai, taba kevalI samuddhAta hotI hai / usa samaya unake Atmapradeza sampUrNa loka meM prasa

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jena zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 45 rita ho jAte haiN| kevalI mahArAja sAdhu haiN| unake Atmapradeza bhI sAdhu ke haiM / isa dRSTi se ve caudaha rAju kA vihAra karate haiM / __AcAryazrI ne tIsarA prazna kiyA-siddha bhagavAna kitane lambe haiM aura kitane caur3e haiM ? mahAsatIjI ne uttara meM nivedana kiyA-siddha bhagavAna tIna sau taiMtIsa dhanuSa aura battIsa aMgula lambe haiN| kyoMki pA~ca sau dhanuSa kI avagAhanA vAle jo siddha banate haiM unake Atmapradeza tIna sau taitIsa dhanuSa aura battIsa aMgula lambe rahate haiM aura siddha bhagavAna caur3e haiM paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana / paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana kA manuSyakSetra hai / jahA~ para eka siddha haiM vahA~ para ananta siddha haiM / sabhI siddhoM ke Atmapradeza paraspara mile hue haiM / bIca meM tanika mAtra bhI vyavadhAna nahIM hai / isa ghanatva kI dRSTi se siddha paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana caur3e haiM / ___cauthA prazna AcAryazrI ne kiyA-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiM aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM / batAiye donoM meM se kisakI AtmA hamAre se adhika sannikaTa hai ? uttara me mahAsatIjI ne kahA- bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI AtmA hamAre sa adhika sannikaTa hai banisvata mahAvIra ke / kyoMki bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI avagAhanA pA~ca sau dhanuSa kI thI aura mahAvIra kI avagAhanA sAta hAtha kI thii| jisase apabhadeva ke Atma pradeza tIna sau taiMtIsa dhanuSa aura battIsa aMgula haiM aura mahAvIra kI AtmA ke pradeza cAra hAtha aura solaha aMgula hai / ataH RSabhadeva kI AtmA mahAvIra kI AtmA se hamAre adhika sannikaTa hai| pA~cavA~ prazna AcAryazrI ne kiyA-do zrAvaka haiM / ve donoM eka hI sthAna para baiThe haiN| eka devasI, pratikramaNa karatA hai aura dUsarA rAIsI pratikramaNa karatA hai / ye donoM pRthaka-pRthaka pratikramaNa kyoM karate haiM ? usakI kyA apekSA hai ? spaSTa kIjie / mahAsatIjI ne uttara meM kahA-do zrAvaka haiM, eka bharatakSetra kA dUsarA mahAvideha kSetra kA / ve donoM zrAvaka virAdhaka ho gaye aura ve vahAM se Ayu pUrNa kara aDhAI dvIpa ke bAhara nandIzvara dvIpa meM jalacara ke rUpa meM utpanna hue / nandIzvara dvIpa meM deva bhagavAna tIrthaMkaroM ke aSTAhnika mahotsaka mAnate haiN| una mahotsavoM meM tIrthakara bhagavAna ke utkIrtana ko sunakara una jalacara jIvoM ko jAtismaraNajJAna hotA hai aura ve usa jJAna se apane pUrvabhava ko nihArate haiM aura usa jAtismaraNajJAna ke AdhAra se ve vahA~ para pratikramaNa karate haiM / kyoMki nandIzvara dvIpa meM to rAta-dina kA koI krama nahIM hai / ataH ve jAtismaraNajJAna se apane pUrva sthala ko dekhate haiM, mana meM glAni hotI hai, ataH ve vahA~ pratikramaNa karate haiN| para jisa samaya bharatakSetra meM dina hotA hai usa samaya mahAvidehakSetra meM rAtri hotI hai, ataH eka devasI pratikramaNa karatA hai aura dUsarA rAIsI pratikramaNa karatA hai / sannikaTa baiThe rahane para bhI ve donoM pRthaka-pRthaka pratikramaNa karate haiN| AcAryazrI ne chaThA prazna kiyA-jIva ke pAMca sau tirasaTha bhedoM meM se aisA

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46 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] kauna-sA jIva hai jo ekAnta mithyAdRSTi hai aura sAtha hI ekAnta zuklalezyI bhii| kyoMki donoM paraspara virodhI haiN| mahAsatIjI ne kahA-teraha sAgara kI sthiti vAle kilviSI deva meM ekAnta mithyAdRSTi hotI hai aura sAtha hI ve ekAnta zuklalezyI bhI haiN| __isa prakAra unnIsa praznoM ke uttaroM ko sunakara AcArya pravara aura sabhA pramUdita ho gayI aura unhoMne kahA-maiMne kaI santa-satiyAM dekhIM, para inake jaisI pratibhAsampanna sAdhvI nahIM dekhii| mahAsatI madanakuvarajI jisa prakAra prakRSTa pratibhA kI dhanI thIM usI prakAra utkRSTa AcAraniSThA bhI thIM / gupta tapa unheM pasanda thA / pradarzana se ve kosoM dUra bhAgatI thIM / ve sAdhviyoM ke AhArAdi se nivRtta hone para jo avazeSa AhAra baca jAtA aura pAtra dhone ke bAda jo pAnI bAhara DAlane kA hotA usI ko pIkara saMtoSa kara letI / kaI bAra nanhIM sI guDa kI DelI yA zakkara lekara muMha meM DAla letii| yadi koI unase pUchatA-kyA Aja Apake upavAsa hai, ve kahatIM-nahIM, maiMne to mIThA khAyA hai / ___unameM sevA kA guNa bhI gajaba kA thaa| unheM hajAroM jaina kathAeM aura loka kathAe~ smaraNa thiiN| samaya-samaya para bAlaka aura bAlikAoM ko kathA ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI asAratA kA pratipAdana karatI / karma ke marma ko samajhAtI / unakA mAnanA thA ki bAlakoM ko aura sAmAnya prANiyoM ko kathA ke mAdhyama se hI upadeza denA cAhie jisase vaha upadeza grahaNa kara sake / unhoMne mujhe bAlyakAla meM saikar3oM kathAe~ sunAI thIM / san 1646 meM tIna dina ke saMthAre ke sAtha udayapura meM unakA svargavAsa huaa| (6) mahAsatI sallekuMvarajI-ApakI janmasthalI udayapura thI aura ApakA udayapura meM hI mehatA parivAra meM pANigrahaNa huaa| Apa ko mahAsatIjI ke upadeza ko sunakara vairAgya bhAvanA jAgRta huI aura apanI putrI sajjanakuvara ke sAtha Apane AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa sevAparAyaNA sAdhvI thiiN| (7) mahAsatI sajjanakuMvarajI-ApakI mAtA kA nAma sallekuvara thA aura Apane mA~ ke sAtha hI mahAsatIjI kI sevA meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / (8) mahAsatI tIjakuMvarajI-ApakI janmasthalI udayapura ke sannikaTa tirapAla gA~va meM thI / ApakA pANigrahaNa usI gA~va meM seTha roDamalajI bhogara ke sAtha sampanna huA / gRhasthAzrama meM ApakA nAma gulAbadevI thA / Apake do putra the jinakA nAma pyArelAla aura bhairUlAla thA tathA eka putrI thI jisakA nAma khamAkuvara thaa| Apane mahAsatIjI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara do putra aura eka putrI ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apake pati kA svargavAsa bahuta pahale ho cukA thaa| ApazrI ne zramaNIdharma svIkAra karane ke pazcAt nau bAra mAsakhamaNa kI tapasyAe~ kI, solaha varSoM taka Apane eka ghI ke atirikta dUdha, dahI, tela aura miSThAna ina cAra vigayoM kA tyAga

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jaina zAsana-pramAvikA amara sAdhikAeM | 47 kiyaa| eka bAra Apako prAtaHkAla sapanA AyA-Apane dekhA ki eka ghar3e ke samAna vRhatkAya motI camaka rahA hai / ataH jAgRta hote hI Apane svapna-phala para cintana karate hue vicAra kiyA hai aba merA eka dina kA hI Ayu zeSa hai / ataH saMthArA kara apane jIvana ko pavitra banAU~ / Apane saMthArA kiyA aura eka dina kA saMthArA kara svargastha huiiN| (9) parama viduSI mahAsatI zrI sohanakuMvarajI-ApazrI kI janmasthalI udayapura ke sannikaTa tirapAla gAMva meM thI aura janma saM0 1646 (san 1892) meM huaa| Apake pitAzrI kA nAma roDamalajI aura mAtA kA nAma gulAbadevI thA aura ApakA sAMsArika nAma khamAkuvara thA / nau barasa kI laghavaya meM hI ApakA vAgdAna DulAvatoM ke guDe ke takatamalajI ke sAtha ho gyaa| kintu parama viduSI mahAsatI rAyakuMvarajI aura kavivarya paM0 muni nemIcandajI mahArAja ke tyAga-vairAgyayukta upadeza ko zravaNa kara ApameM vairAgya bhAvanA jAgrata huI aura jinake sAtha vAgdAna kiyA gayA thA unakA sambandha chor3akara apanI mAtezvarI aura apane jeSTha bhrAtA pyArelAla aura bhairUlAla ke sAtha kramazaH mahAsatI rAjakuvarajI aura kavivarya nemIcandajI mahArAja ke pAsa jainendrI dIkSA grahaNa kii| ApakI dIkSAsthalI pacabhadrA (bADamera) meM thI aura donoM ne zivagaMja (jodhapura) meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| usa samaya Apake bhrAtAoM kI umra 13 aura 14 varSa ko thI aura ApakI umra : varSa kI / donoM bhrAtA bar3e hI medhAvI the| kucha hI varSoM meM unhoMne Agama sAhitya kA gaharA adhyayana kiyaa| kintu donoM hI yuvAvasthA meM kramaza : madAra (mevAr3a) aura jayapura meM saMthArA kara svargastha hue| khamAkuvara kA dIkSA nAma mahAsatI sohanakuvarajI rakhA gayA / Apa bAlabrahmacAriNI thiiN| Apane dIkSA grahaNa karate hI Agama sAhitya kA gaharA adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura sAtha hI thokar3e sAhitya kA bhI / Apane zatAdhika rAsa, caupAiyA~ tathA bhajana bhI kaNThastha kiye / ApakI pravacana zailI atyanta madhara thii| jisa samaya Apa pravacana karatI thIM vividha Agama rahasyoM ke sAtha rUpaka, dohe, kavitta zloka aura urdU zAyarI kA bhI yatra-tatra upayoga karatI thiiN| viSaya ke anusAra ApakI bhASA meM kabhI oja aura kabhI zAntarasa pravAhita hotA thA aura janatA Apake pravacanoM ko sunakara mantramugdha ho jAtI thii| adhyayana ke sAtha hI tapa ke prati ApakI svAbhAvika ruci thii| mAtA ke saMskAroM ke sAtha tapa kI paramparA Apako virAsata meM milI thii| Apane apane jIvana kI pavitratA hetu aneka niyama grahaNa kiye the, unameM se kucha niyamoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai(1) paMca parva dinoM meM AyaMbila, upavAsa, ekAsana, nIvi Adi meM se koI na koI tapa avazya karanA /

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48 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] (2) bAraha mahIne meM chaha mahIne taka cAra vigaya grahaNa nahIM karanA / kevala eka vigaya kA hI upayoga krnaa| (3) chaH mahIne taka acitta harI sabjI Adi kA bhI upayoga nahIM krnaa| (4) cAya kA prityaag| (5) unhoMne mahAsatI kusumavatIjI, mahAsatI puSpavatIjI aura mahAsatI prabhAvatIjI1 ye tIna ziSyAe~ bnaayiiN| usake pazcAt unhoMne apanI nezrAya meM ziSyAe~ banAnA tyAga diyA / yadyapi unhoMne pahale bhI tIsa-paiMtIsa sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA pradAna kI kintu unheM apanI ziSyAeM nahIM bnaayiiN| (6) plAsTika, selUlAiDa Adi ke pAtra, paTTI Adi koI vastu apanI nezrAya meM na rakhane kA nirNaya liyaa| (7) jo unake pAsa pAtra the unake atirikta naye pAtra grahaNa karane kA bhI unhoMne tyAga kara diyaa| (8) eka dina meM pA~ca dravya se adhika dravya grahaNa na krnaa| (8) pratidina kama se kama paccIsoM gAthAoM kI svAdhyAya krnaa| (10) bAraha mahIne meM eka bAra pUrNa battIsa AgamoM ko svAdhyAya krnaa| isa prakAra unhone apane jIvana ko aneka niyama aura upaniyamoM se Abaddha bnaayaa| unake jIvana meM vairAgya bhAvanA aTakheliyA~ karatI thiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ajamera meM san 1963 meM zramaNI saMgha ne milakara Apako candanabAlA zramaNI saMgha kI adhyakSA niyukta kiyA aura zramaNasaMgha ke upAcArya zrI gaNezIlAlajI mahArAja samayasamaya para anya sAdhviyoM ko preraNA dete hue kahate ki dekho, viduSI mahAsatI sohanakuvarajI kitanI pavitra AtmA hai / unakA jIvana tyAga-vairAgya kA sAkSAt pratIka hai / tumheM inakA anusaraNa karanA cAhie / viduSI mahAsatI sohanakuvarajI jahA~ jJAna aura dhyAna meM tallIna thIM vahAM unhoMne utkRSTa tapa kI bhI aneka bAra sAdhanAe~ kiiN| unake tapa kI sUcI isa prakAra haiM 33 2 32 1 31 1 24 2 23 1 22 2 21 1 20 2 17 3 / / 3 13 10 10 50 40 40 65 61 80 | 1 ina tInoM ke paricaya ke lie dekhie- 'vartamAna yuga kI sAdhviyAM / -le0 rAjendramuni sAhityaratna

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jaina zAsana-pramAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 46 jaba bhI Apa tapa karatI taba pAraNe meM tIna paurasI karatI thIM yA pAraNe ke dina AyaMbila tapa karatIM jisase pAraNe meM auddezika aura naimiktika Adi doSa na lge| bAhya tapa ke sAtha Antarika tapa kI sAdhanA bhI ApakI nirantara calatI rahatI thI / sevA bhAvanA Apa meM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI thii| Apa sva-sampradAya kI sAdhviyoM kI hI nahIM kintu anya sampradAya kI sAdhviyoM kI bhI usI bhAvanA se sevA karatI thIM / Apake antarmAnasa meM sva aura para kA bheda nahIM thaa| AcArya gaNezIlAlajI mahArAja kI ziSyAeM kesarakavarajI, jo sAikila se aksiDeNTa hokara sar3aka para gira par3I thIM, sandhyA kA samaya thA, Apa apanI sAdhviyoM ke sAtha zauca bhUmi ke lie gyii| vahAM para unheM dayanIya sthiti meM girI huI dekhaa| usa samaya Apake do caddara or3hane ko thIM, unameM se Apane eka cAdara kI jholI banAkara aura satiyoM kI sahAyatA se sthAnaka para uThAkara lAyIM aura unakI atyadhika sevA-suzrUSA kI / isI prakAra mahAsatI nAthakuvarajI Adi kI bhI Apane atyadhika sevA suzrUSA ko aura antima samaya meM unheM taMthArA Adi karavAkara sahayoga diyaa| AcArya hastImalajI mahArAja kI ziSyAe~ mahAsatI amarakuvara jI, mahAsatI dhanakuvarajI, mahAsatI gogAjI Adi aneka satiyoM kI suzrUSA kI aura saMthArA Adi karavAne meM apUrva sahayoga diyaa| san 1963 meM ajamera ke prAMgaNa meM zramaNa saMgha kA zikhara sammelana huaa| usa avasara para vahA~ para aneka mahAsatiyA~ ekatrita huii| una sabhI ne cintana kiyA ki santoM ke sAtha hameM bhI ekatrita hokara kucha kArya karanA caahie| una sabhI ne vahA~ para milakara apanI sthiti para cintana kiyA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt Aja dina taka santoM ke adhika sammelana hue, kintu zramaNiyoM kA koI bhI sammelana Aja taka nahIM huA aura na zramaNiyoM kI paramparA kA itihAsa bhI surakSita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt sAdhvI paramparA kA vyavasthita itihAsa na milanA hamAre lie lajjAspada hai jabaki zramaNoM kI taraha zramaNiyoM ne bhI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM atyadhika yogadAna diyA hai / isakA mUla kAraNa hai ekatA va eka samAcArI kA abhAva / ataH unhoMne zrI vardhamAna candanabAlA zramaNI saMgha kA nirmANa kiyA aura zramaNiyoM ke jJAna darzana cAritra ke vikAsa hetu ikkIsa niyamoM kA nirmANa kiyA / usameM paccIsa pramukha sAdhviyoM kI samiti kA nirmANa huA / candanabAlA zramaNI saMgha kI pravartinI pada para sarvAnumati se ApazrI ko niyukta kiyA gayA jo ApakI yogyatA kA spaSTa pratIka thaa| rAjasthAna prAnta meM rahane ke bAvajUda bhI ApakA mastiSka saMkucita vicAra se Upara uThA huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki sarvaprathama rAjasthAna meM sAdhviyoM ko saMskRta prAkRta aura hindI bhASA ke uccatama adhyayana karane ke lie Apake antanisa /

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50 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] bhAvanAe~ jAgRta huI / Apane apanI suziSyA mahAsatI kusamavatIjI, puSpAvatIjI, candrAvatIjI Adi ko kiMgsa kAleja banArasa kI, saMskRta, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga kI sAhityaratna prabhRti uccatama parIkSAe~ dilavAyIM / usa samaya prAcIna vicAradhArA ke vyaktiyoM ne ApazrI kA DaTakara virodha kiyA ki sAdhviyoM ko saMskRta, prAkRta aura hindI kA ucca adhyayana na karAyA jAya aura na hI parIkSA hI dilavAyI jaaeN| taba Apane spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-sAdhuoM kI taraha sAdhviyoM ke bhI adhyayana karane kA adhikAra hai / Agama sAhitya meM sAdhviyoM ke adhyayana kA ullekha hai / yuga ke anusAra yadi sAdhviyAM saMskRta, prAkRta Adi bhASAoM kA adhyayana nahIM kareMgI to Agama aura usake sAhitya ko par3ha nahIM sakatIM aura binA par3he AgamoM ke rahasya samajha meM nahIM A sakate / isakA virodhiyoM ke pAsa koI uttara nahIM thaa| Apa virodha ko vinoda mAnakara adhyayana karavAtI rhiiN| usake pazcAt sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM aneka mUrdhanya sAdhviyAM taiyAra huI / Aja aneka sAdhviyA~ ema. e., pI. eca-DI bhI ho gayI haiN| yaha thA ApakA zikSA ke prati anurAga / ___Apane aneka vyaktiyoM ko pratibodha diyA / jaba anya santa va satIjana apanI ziSyA banAne ke lie utsuka rahatI haiM taba ApakI yaha vizeSatA thI ki pratibodha dekara dUsaroM ke ziSya va ziSyAeM banAtI thIM / Apane apane hAthoM se 30-35 bAlikAoM aura mahilAoM ko dIkSAe~ dI para sabhI ko anya nAmoM se hI ghoSita kiyaa| apanI jyeSTha guru bahina mahAsatI madanakuvarajI ke atyadhika Agraha para unakI AjJA ke pAlana hetu tIna ziSyAoM ko apanI nezrAya meM rkhaa| yaha thI Apa meM apUrva nispR. hatA / mujhe bhI (devendra muni) Adya pratibodha dene vAlI Apa hI thiiN| Apake jIvana meM aneka sadguNa the jisake kAraNa Apa jahA~ bhI gayIM, vahA~ janatA janArdana ke hRdaya ko jItA / Apane ahamadAbAda, pAlanapura, indaura, jayapura ajamera, jodhapura, byAvara, pAlI, udayapura, nAthadvArA, prabhRti aneka kSetroM meM varSAvAsa kiye, sevA bhAvanA se prerita hokara apanI guru bahinoM kI tathA anya sAdhviyoM kI vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa dIrghakAla taka Apa udayapura meM sthAnApanna rhiiN| san 1666 meM ApakA varSAvAsa pAlI meM thaa| kucha samaya se Apako raktacApa kI zikAyata thI, para ApazrI kA Atmateja atyadhika thA jisake kAraNa Apa kahIM parabhI sthiravAsa nahIM virAjI / san 1966 (saM 2023) meM bhAdra zuklA 13 ko saMthAre ke sAtha rAtri meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| Apa mahAna pratibhAsampanna sAdhvI thiiN| Apake svargavAsa se eka tejasvI mahAsatI ko kSati huii| ApakA tejasvI jIvana janajana ko sadA preraNA detA rhegaa| viduSI mahAsatI zrI sohanakuvara mahAsatI kI prathama ziSyA viduSI mahAsatI kusamavatIjI haiN| unakI cAra ziSyAe~ haiM-bAlabrahmacAriNI mahAsatI cAritraprabhAjI, bAlabrahmacAriNI mahAsatI divyaprabhAjI, bAlabrahmacAriNI darzanaprabhAjI aura viduSI

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 51 mahAsatI puSpavatIjI dvitIya ziSyA haiM / unakI tIna ziSyAeM haiM-bAlabrahmacAriNI candrAvatIjI, bAlabrahmacAriNI, priyadarzanAjI aura bAlabrahmacAriNI kirnnprbhaajii| ___ tRtIya suziSyA prajJAmUrti mahAsatI prabhAvatIjI thii| Apa prabala pratibhA kI dhanI, Agama aura darzana kI gambhIra jJAtA thiiN| Apane AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, vipAka, sUtrakRtAMga, prabhRti aneka Agama kaMThastha kiye the aura sAtha hI Agama ke rahasyoM ko samudghATita karane vAle 400-500 thokar3e bhI kaMThastha the| jisase Agama kI guru gambhIra granthiyoM ko apanI prakRSTa medhA se udghATita kara detI thii| nandIsUtra ke prati atyadhika anurAga thA / usakI svAdhyAya dina meM anekoM bAra karatI thii| ApakI pravacana kalA sahaja thii| pravacana meM Agama ke rahasyoM ko sahaja aura sugama rUpa se prastuta karatI thiiN| aura usake lie Agamika udAharaNoM ke sAtha laukika jana-jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTIkaraNa karatI, jisase zrotA maMtra-mugdha ho jAtA thaa| Apa kavayitrI thii| ApakI kavitA meM zabdADambara nahIM, para bhAvoM kI pramukhatA thI / jaba kabhI bhI bhAvoM kA jvAra uThatA, vaha sahaja hI bhASA ke rUpa meM Dhala jaataa| kavitA banAne ke lie unheM prayAsa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, vaha sahaja hI bana jAtI / arihaMta deva kI stuti karate hue unakI hattaMtrI ke tAra isa prakAra jhanajhanAye haiM "jaya arihaMtANaM, arihaMta deva bhagavAn, jaya arihaMtANaM, dhara arihaMtAM ro dhyAna ... pA~ca padA meM prathama pada, madarahita nirApada jAna / jJAna kA mahatva pratipAdita karate hue Agama kI zabdAvalI ko apanI sahaja bhASA meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai mAno Agama kA rasa-pAna hI kara liyA hai| vaha tIva anubhUti kI abhivyakti kitanI subodha hai "jJAna jo hogA nahI to, ho nahIM sakatI dayA / AgamoM meM vIra dvArA, vacana pharamAyA gayA ... jJAna jIvA'jIva kA pahale jarUrI caahie| phira kriyAe~ kIjie, rasa prApta ho sakatA nayA / dhyAna jIvanotkarSa kI maMgalamaya sAdhanA hai| AdhyAtmika utkrAnti kA sarvocca upAya hai / dhyAna kahane kI nahIM karane kI sAdhanA hai / aura vaha kalA vahI vyakti batA sakatA hai, jisane svayaM dhyAna kI sAdhanA siddha kI hai| dekhie unhIM ke zabdoM meM "isa mana ko sthira karanA cAho to, dhyAna sAdhanA karanA jI.............."

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52 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] sthira Asana ho, sthira vacana aura tama caMcala vAtAvaraNa nahIM / sthira yoga-sAdhanA karake ko phira, sthira hote kyoM karaNa nahIM sthira dhyAna-sAdhanA ho jAne se,, marane se kyA uranA jI // 1 // unake banAye hue zatAdhika bhajana haiM aura eka-do khaNDa-kAvya bhI haiM / unake dvArA likhita kahAnI saMgraha 'jIvana kI camakatI prabhA' ke nAma se prakAzita huA hai aura tIna-cAra kahAnI-saMgraha kI pustakeM aprakAzita haiM / 'Agama ke anamola motItIna bhAga' bhI prakAzana ke patha para haiN| ApakA janma vi0 saM0 1970 (san 1913) meM gogundA grAma meM huA thA / Apake pUjya pitA zrI kA nAma seTha hIrAlAla jI tathA mAtezvarI kA nAma pyArI bAI thaa| Apake antarmAnasa meM vairAgya-bhAvanA prArambha se hI thii| kintu pArivArika janoM ke Agraha se ApakA pANigrahaNa udayapura nivAsI zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI baraDiyA ke suputra jIvana siMha jI barar3iyA ke sAtha san 1928 meM sampanna huaa| zrI jIvanasiMha jI barar3iyA udayapura ke eka labdhapratiSThita kapar3e ke vyApArI the / ApakA bahuta hI laghuvaya yAnI caudaha varSa kI umra meM prathama pANigrahaNa eDavokeTa zrImAn arjunalAla jI bhaMsAlI kI suputrI premakumArI ke sAtha sampanna huA / unase eka putrI huii| unakA nAma sundarakumArI rakhA gyaa| kucha varSoM ke pazcAt premakumArI kA dehAvasAna ho jAne se caubIsa varSa kI umra meM ApakA dvitIya vivAha huaa| Apake do putra hue- eka kA nAma basantakumAra aura dUsare kA nAma dhannAlAla rakhA gyaa| basantakumAra Der3ha mAha ke bAda hI saMsAra se cala basA / aura 27 varSa kI umra meM saMthAre ke sAtha jIvanasiMha jI bhI svargastha ho gaye / putra aura pati ke svargastha hone para vairAgyabhAvanA jo prArambha meM antarmAnasa meM dabI huI thI, vaha sAdhvI ratna mahAsatI zrI sohanakuvara jI ke pAvana upadeza ko sunakara ubuddha ho utthii| jisa samaya pati kA svargavAsa huA, usa samaya dvitIya putra dhannAlAla sirpha 11 dina kA hI thaa| ataH mahAsatIjI ne kartavya-bodha karAte hue kahA-abhI tumhArI putrI sundarakumArI sirpha 7 varSa kI hai aura bAlaka dhannAlAla kucha hI dina kA hai| pahale inakA lAlana-pAlana karo, sambhava hai, ye bhI jinazAsana meM dIkSita ho jAyeM / sadguruNI jI kI preraNA se Apa gRhasthAzrama meM rhiiN| para pUrNa rUpa se sAMsArika bhAvanA se uparata ! Apane vi0 saM0 1968 (san 1941 meM) meM aSAr3ha sadI tRtIyA ko AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| vairAgya avasthA meM hI Apako Agama va darzana kA itanA gaharA jJAna thA ki dIkSA lete hI sadguruNI jI kI AjJA se siMghAr3Apati hokara svataMtra varSAvAsa kiyaa| ApakI pravacana kalA itanI prabhAvotpAdaka thI ki zrotA maMtra-mugdha raha jAte / Apane dIkSA lene ke pUrva apanI putrI sundara

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jaina zAsana - prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAe~ | 53 kumArI aura apane putra dhannAlAla kI utkRSTa vairAgya bhAvanA dekha kara dIkSA kI anumati pradAna kI thI / putrI ne vi0 saM0 1994 (san 1937) meM mAgha zuklA 13 ko sadguruNIjI zrI sohanaku~vara jI ma0 ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura saMskRta, prAkRta, nyAya aura Avya kA uccatama adhyayana kiyA / kvInsa kaoNlejabanArasa kI vyAkaraNa, kAvya, madhyamA, sAhityaratna (prayAga) tathA nyAya kAvyatIrtha Adi parIkSAyeM samuttIrNa kIM / aura dhannAlAla ne upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma0 ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI aura zramaNa jIvana kA nAma 'devendramuni' rakhA gyaa| ApakI cAra ziSyAe~ huI - 1. mahAsatI zrImatIjI 2. mahAsatI premakuMvarajI 3. mahAsatI candrakuMvarajI aura 4. mahAsatI bAlabrahmacAriNI harSa prabhAjI | jIvana kI sAMdhya velA taka dharma kI akhaNDa jyoti jagAtI huI rAjasthAna, 1 madhyabhArata meM ApakA vicaraNa rahA / Apane apane tyAga - vairAgya se chalachalAte hue pravacanoM se vyAkhyAna vAcaspati gaNeza muni jI "zAstrI ", rameza muni jI "zAstrI", rAjendra muni jI " zAstrI" aura dineza muni jI "vizArada" ko tyAga mArga kI ora utprerita kiyA / di0 27 janavarI 1982 ko ApakA 'khairodA' grAma meM samAdhi pUrvaka saMthAre ke sAtha svargavAsa huA / ApakA bhautika zarIra bhale hI vartamAna meM vidyamAna nahIM hai para Apa yazaH - zarIra se Aja bhI jIvita haiM aura bhaviSya meM sadA jIvita raheMgIM / kAla kI krUra chAyA bhI unake tejasvI vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko dhUmila nahIM banA sakatI / isa prakAra prastuta paramparA vartamAna meM cala rahI hai / isa paramparA meM aneka paramaviduSI sAdhviyA~ hai / | paramaviduSI mahAsatI saddAjI kI eka ziSyA phattUjI huI, jinake sambandha meM hama pUrva sUcita kara cuke haiM / mahAsatI phattUjI kA vihAra kSetra mukhya rUpa se mAravAr3a rahA / unakI aneka ziSyAeM huIM aura una ziSyAoM kI paramparAoM meM bhI aneka ziSyAe~ samaya-samaya para huI mAravAr3a ke usa prAnta meM jahAM strIzikSA kA pUrNa * abhAva thA, vahA~ para una sAdhviyoM ne tyAga tapa ke sAtha zikSA ke kSetra meM bhI pragati kii| kyoMki kaI sAdhviyoM ke hAthoM kI likhI huI pratiyAM prApta hotI haiM, jo unakI zikSA-yogyatA kA zreSTha udAharaNa kahA jA sakatA hai / para paritApa hai ki unake sambandha meM prayAsa karane para bhI mujhe vyavasthita sAmagrI prApta nahIM ho sakI / isa lie anukrama meM unake sambandha meM likhanA bahuta hI kaThina hai / jitanI bhI sAmagrI prApta ho sakI hai, usI ke AdhAra se maiM yahA~ likha rahA hU~ / yadi rAjasthAna ke amara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra meM vyavasthita sAmagrI mila gayI to bAda meM isa sambandha meM pariSkAra bhI kiyA jA sakegA / phattU jI kI ziSyA - paramparA meM mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI eka tejasvI sAdhvI

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54 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] thiiN| unakI bAIsa ziSyAaiM thIM jinameM se kucha sAdhviyoM ke nAma prApta ho sake haiN| mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI ne kaba dIkSA lI yaha nizcita saMvat nahIM mila sakA / unakA svargavAsa saM0 1981 pauSa zuklA 12 ko jodhapura meM saMthAre ke sAtha huA / mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI ke pAsa hI paM0 nArAyaNacandajI mahArAja kI mAtezvarI rAjAjI ne aura nArAyaNadAsajI mahArAja ke ziSya mulatAnamalajI kI mAtezvarI nenUjI ne dIkSA grahaNa ko thI / mahAsatI rAjAjI kA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1978 vaizAkha sudI pUnama ko jodhapura meM huA thA / mahAsatI rAjAjI kI eka ziSyA rUpajI huI thIM jinheM thokar3e sAhitya kA acchA abhyAsa thA / mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI kI eka ziSyA mahAsatI paratApAjI huIM jinakA vi0 saM0 1983 mRgazira vadI 11 ko svargavAsa huA thA / mahAsatI phUlakuMvarajI bhI mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI kI ziSyA thIM aura unakI suziSyA mahAsatI jhamakUjI thIM jinhoMne apanI putrI mahAsatI kastUrIjI ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| donoM kA jodhapura meM svargavAsa huA / mahAsatI kastUrIjI kI eka ziSyA gavarAjI thIM, ve bahuta hI tapasvinI thIM / unhoMne apane jIvana meM pandraha mAsakhamaNa kiye the, aura bhI aneka choTI-moTI tapasyAe~ kI thiiN| unakA svargavAsa bhI jodhapura meM huA / mahAsatI AnandakuvarajI kI babhUtAjI, pannAjI, dhApUjI, aura kisanAjI aneka ziSyAe~ thIM / mahAsatI kisanAjI kI harakUjI ziSyA huiiN| unakI samadAjI ziSyA huI aura unakI ziSyA pAnAjI haiN| ApakA janma jAlora meM huA, pANigrahaNa bhI jAlora meM huaa| gar3hasivAnA meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura vartamAna meM kAraNavazAt jAlora meM virAjita haiM / isa prakAra mahAsatI AnandakuMvarajI kI paramparA meM vartamAna meM kevala eka sAdhvIjI vidyamAna haiM / mahAsatI phattUjI kI ziSyA - parivAroM meM mahAsatI pannAjI huiiN| unakI ziSyA jasAjI huiiN| unakI ziSyA sonAjI huIM / unakI bhI ziSyAe~ huIM, kintu unake nAma smaraNa meM nahIM haiM / mahAsatI jasAjI kI nainUjI eka pratibhAsampanna ziSyA thI / unakI aneka ziSyAeM huiiN| mahAsatI vIrAjI, hIrAjI, kaMkUMjI, Adi aneka tejasvI sAdhviyA~ huiiN| mahAsatI kaMkUjI kI mahAsatI harakUjI, rAmUjI Adi ziSyAe~ / huIM / mahAsatI harakUjI kI mahAsatI umarAvaka varajI, baksUjI ( premakuMvarajI) vimalavatIjI Adi aneka ziSyAe~ huIM / mahAsatI umarAvakuMvarajI kI zakunakuMvarajI unakI ziSyA satyaprabhA aura unakI ziSyA candraprabhAjI Adi haiM / aura mahAsatI vimalavatIjI kI do ziSyAe~ mahAsatI madanakuMvarajI aura mahAsatI jJAnaprabhAjI hai|

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jaina zAsana-prabhAvikA amara sAdhikAeM | 55 mahAsatI phattajI ke ziSyA-parivAra meM mahAsatI campAjI bhI eka tejasvI sAdhvI thIM / unakI UdAjI, bAyAjI Adi aneka ziSyAeM huI / vartamAna meM unakI ziSyA-paramparA meM koI nahIM haiN| mahAsatI phatta jI kI ziSyA-paramparA meM mahAsatI dIpAjI, vallabhakuvarajI Adi aneka viduSI va sevA-bhAvinI sAdhviyAM huii| unakI paramparA meM saralamUrti mahAsatI sItAjI aura zrI mahAsatI gavarAjI (umarAvakuvarajI) Adi vidyamAna haiM / ___ isa prakAra AcAryazrI amarasiMhajI mahArAja ke samaya se mahAsatI bhAgAjI kI jo sAdhvI paramparA calI usa paramparA meM Aja taka gyAraha sau se bhI adhika sAdhviyAM huI haiN| kintu itihAsa lekhana ke prati upekSA hone se unake sambandha meM bahuta kama jAnakArI prApta hai| ina saikar3oM sAdhviyoM meM bahuta-sI sAdhviyoM utkRSTa tapasviniyAM rhiiN| anekoM sAdhviyoM kA jIvanavrata sevA rahA / anekoM sAdhviyA~ bar3I hI prabhAvazAlinI thIM / maiM cAhatA thA ki ina sabhI ke sambandha meM vyavasthita evaM prAmANika sAmagrI prastuta grantha meM huuN| para rAjasthAna ke bhaNDAra jahA~ inake sambandha meM prazastiyoM ke AdhAra se yA unake sambandha meM racita kavitAoM ke AdhAra se sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI thI, para svarNabhUmi ke. jI. epha. jaise sudUra dakSiNa prAnta meM baiThakara sAmagrI ke abhAva meM vizeSa likhanA sambhava nahIM thaa| tathApi prastuta prayAsa itihAsapremioM ke lie patha-pradarzaka banegA isI AzA ke sAtha maiM apanA lekha pUrNa kara rahA huuN| yadi bhaviSya meM vizeSa prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha huI to isa para vistAra se likhane kA bhAva hai|

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5 jaina muniyoM kA sAhityika yogadAna bhAratIya sAhityarUpI sumana-vATikA ko sajAne, saMvArane kA jitanA kAya jaina manISiyoM ne kiyA hai, saMbhava hai, utanA anya kisI sampradAya vizeSa ke vijJoM ne nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne jJAna vijJAna, dharma aura darzana, sAhitya aura kalA ke kSetra meM jo raMga-biraMge caTakIle phUla khilAye haiM, ve apane asIma saundarya aura saurabha se jana jana ke mana ko AkarSita karate rahe haiM / jaina sAhitya jitanA pracura hai, utanA hI prAcIna bhI / jitanA parimArjita hai utanA hI viSaya-vaividhyapUrNa bhI, aura jitanA praur3ha hai utanA hI vividha-zailI sampanna bhI / isameM tanika mAtra bhI saMzaya nahIM ki jaba kabhI bhI niSpakSa dRSTi se sampUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya kA itihAsa likhA jAegA, usakA mUla AdhAra jaina sAhitya hI hogA / AcArya rAmacandra zukla jaise Alocaka sAdhana sAmagrI ke abhAva meM yadi prastuta-sAhitya ko 'dhArmika noTsa' mAtra kahakara upekSita karate haiM to vaha sAhitya kI kamI nahIM, para anveSaNa kI hI kamI kahI jAegI, kintu vartamAna anveSaNa ke tathyoM ke AdhAra se yaha mAnanA hI par3egA ki bhAratIya cintana ke kSetra meM jaina sAhitya kA sthAna viziSTa hai, jitanA gaurava zuddha sAhitya kA hai utanA hI mahatva dharma sampradAya ke pAsa surakSita caritra-sAhitya rAzi kA bhI hai| jaina sAhityakAra adhyAtmika paramparA ke sajaka rahe haiN| AtmalakSI saMskRti meM gaharI AsthA rakhane ke bAvajUda bhI ve deza, kAla evaM tajjanya paristhitiyoM ke prati anapekSa nahIM rahe haiM, unakI aitihAsika dRSTi hamezA khulI rahI hai| unakA adhyAtmavAda vaiyaktika hokara ke bhI jana jana ke kalyANa kI maMgalamaya bhAvanA se ota-prota rahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake dvArA sampradAya mUlaka sAhitya kA nirmANa karane para bhI usameM sAMskRtika, dhArmika, aitihAsika, paurANika tathya itane adhika haiM ki vaijJAnika paddhati se unakA sarvekSaNa kiyA jAe to bhAratIya itihAsa ke kaI timirAcchanna pakSa Alokita ho uttheNge| jaina lekhakoM ne maulika sAhitya ke nirmANa ke sAtha hI vibhinna granthoM para sAragarbhita evaM pAMDityapUrNa TIkAe~ likhakara sAhitya kI avismaraNIya sevA va

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jaina muniyoM kA sAhityika yogadAna | 57 saMrakSA kI hai, vaha kabhI bhI vismRta nahIM kI jA sakatI / samIkSakoM ne jaina sAhitya kopiSTapeSaNa se pUrNa mAnA hai, yaha satya hai ki aupadezika vRtti ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya meM viSayAntara se paramparAgata bAtoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa huA hai, kintu sampUrNa jaina sAhitya meM piSTapeSaNa nahIM hai / aura jo piSTapeSaNa huA hai vaha kevala lokapakSa kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, apitu bhASA zAstra kI dRSTi se bhI bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai / jaina lekhakoM ne bhAratIya cintana ke naitika, dhArmika, dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko jana- bhASA kI samucita zailI meM DhAlakara, pirokara, saMvArakara rASTra ke AdhyAtmika stara ko unnata, samunnata kiyA, unhoMne sAhitya paramparA ko saMskRta bhASA ke kUpajala se nikAla kara bhASA ke bahate pravAha meM avagAhana karAyA, abhivyakti ke naye naye unmeSa ghoSita kiye / vibhinna jaina paramparA ke pratkRSTa pratibhA sampanna munivaroM ne jo sAhitya kI apUrva sevA kI hai, usakA sampUrNa lekhA-jokhA lene kA na to yahA~ avasara hI haiM aura na avakAza hI, yahA~ to prastuta kRti ke sambandha meM hI saMkSepa meM kucha vicAra abhivyakta kiye jA rahe haiM / prastuta grantha meM eka hI kavi kI racanAoM kA saMgraha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu vibhinna paramparA ke munivaroM kI racanAoM kA sundara saMkalana - Akalana kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka caritra meM tyAga vairAgya kA payodhi uchAleM mAra rahA hai / pratyeka caritra AtmA ko asat se sat kI ora, tamas se jyoti kI ora evaM mRtyu se amaratva kI ora le jAne kI apUrva kSamatA rakhatA hai / bhagavAn neminAtha ke caritra meM rAjImatI ke muMha se rathanemi ko phaTakArate hue sAdhvAcAra kA nirUpaNa kara rahe haiM amRta bhojana choDane ho, munivara ! khAya / dAya // tusiyA ko kuNa devaloka rA sukha dekhane ho munivara ! naraka na Ave khIra khAMDa bhojana karI ho munivara, vamiyo kardama vamiyA rI vAMchA kare ho, munivara kAga kuttA ke nIca // kIca / rAjImatI ke hRdayagrAhI upadeza se rathanemi punaH sAdhanA ke mArga meM sthira ho jAte haiM / unakI hRttaMtrI ke tAra jhanajhanA uThate haiM ki ayi rAjamatI ! tUne mujhe naraka meM girate hue ko bacA liyA, dhanya hai tujhe - naraka paDatA rAkhiyo he rAjula, ima bolyo rahane /

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58 | citana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] mujhane thiratA kara diyo he rAjula, vacana-aMkuza gaja jema // mahArAnI devakI ke caritrAMkana meM kavi ne vAtsalya rasa ke saMyoga ke citra atyanta tanmayatA ke sAtha aMkita kiye haiN| mahArAnI devakI ke chahoM putra devatA ke upakrama se mRta ghoSita ho jAte haiM / zrI kRSNa kA lAlana-pAlana bhI vaha nahIM kara pAI jaba use bhagavAn neminAtha ke dvArA yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki ye chahoM muni tumhAre hI putra haiM, to usakA mAtRtva barasAtI nadI kI taraha umaDa paDatA hai / vaha ina chahoM munivaroM ke pAsa jAtI hai / dekhie kavi zrI jayamalla jI ke zabdoM meM saMyoga vAtsalya kA saphala citraNa -- taDAka se tUTI kasa kaMcU taNI re, thaNa re to chUTI dUdhAdhAra re / hivaDA mAhe harSa mAve nahIM re, prastuta caritra meM viyoga vAtsalya kA varNana bhI kama sundara nahIM hai| mAtA devakI ke hRdaya kI thAha vahI mAtA pA sakatI hai jisane sAta putroM ko paidA karake bhI mAtRtva kA sukha nahIM liyA / usake hRdaya meM zalya kI taraha yaha bAta cubha rahI hai ki usane apane pyAre lAloM ko hAtha pakaDakara calAyA nahIM, rote bilakhate huoM ko - bahalAyA nahIM | vaha apane pyAre putra zrI kRSNa se kahatI hai hUM tuja Agala sUM kahU~ kanhaiyA, bItaka dukha rI bAta re, giradhArI lAla / dukhaNI jaga meM che ghaNI kanhaiyA, piNa ghaNI dukhaNI thArI mAta re.. hAlariyo devA taNI, kanhaiyA, mAMya re // mhAre haMsa rahI mana oDaNiyo paharAvyo nahIM, kanhaiyA, mAtha re TopI na dIdhI kAjala piNa sAryo nahIM, kanhaiyA, phadiyA na dIghA hAtha re 11 saca to yaha hai mahAkavi sUradAsa jo vAtsalya rasa ke samrATa mAne jAte haiM ve bhI isa prakAra kA citra prastuta nahIM kara sake haiM / bhagavAn neminAtha ke pAvana pravacana ko zravaNa kara gajasukumAla saMyama ke kaMTakAkIrNa mahAmArga para bar3hanA cAhate haiN| mAtA devakI ne jyoM kI yaha bAta sunI -tyoMhI vaha mUcchita hokara jamIna para dulaka par3atI haiM /

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jaina muniyoM kA sAhityika yogadAna | 56 vacana apUrava eha, putra nA sAMbhalI-rI maaNii| ghaNI mUrchA-gati khAya, dhamake dharaNI DhalI // khalakI hAthA rI cUDa,mAthe rA keza vIkhar2yA rI maaii| oDhaNa huvo dUra, AMkheM AMsU jhar2yA // megha kumAra ke caritra meM mAtA dhAraNI ko meghakumAra kahate haiM ki mAM, bhautika padArtha ke sukha sacce sukha nahIM haiM, ye AkAza meM umaDa-ghumaDa kara Ate hue bAdaloM kI taraha kSaNika haiM / kavi kahatA hai saMsAra nA sukha sahu kAcA, ___ iNa loka arthI jANe sAcA / bhoga viSaya meM rahyA kalIje, maiM to jANI e kAcI mAyA, bilalAve jima bAdala chAyA, aisI jANI kaho kuNa rIjhe // isa prakAra carita-kathAoM meM katipaya sthala atyanta mArmika bana par3e haiM / bhRgu purohita ke caritra meM jaba bhRgupurohita apanI virATa sampatti kA parisyAga kara zramaNa banane ke lie prastuta hotA hai taba rAjA usakI sampatti ko lene ke lie udyata hotA hai / isa prasaMga para mahArAnI kamalAvatI kA udbodhana nitAnta marmasparzI hai / vaha kahatI hai-rAjan ! eka brAhmaNa ke dvArA parityakta sampatti ko Apa grahaNa na kareM / rAjA kA bhAgya bar3A hotA hai| ucchiSTa AhAra kI icchA to kovA aura kuttA hI karatA hai, tumheM pravRtta vRtti zobhA nahIM detI hai, yaha kArya lajjAspada hai / sAre vizva kI vibhUti bhI prApta ho jAya to bhI tRSNA zAnta nahIM ho sakatI / eka dina isa virATa sampatti ko chor3akara ekAkI hI prasthita honA par3egA ataH vItarAga dharma ko grahaNa karo, vahI trANa aura kalyANa kA mArga hai| kavi kI kalyANamayI vANI sunie sAMbhala mahArAjA brAhmaNa chAMDI ho; ridha matI Adaro / rAjA kA moTA bhaag| vamiyA AhAra kI ho| vAMchA kuNa kare kare che kutaro ne kAga // kAga ne kuttA sarIkhA kima huvo, nahIM prasaMsavA joga / /

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60 | citana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] bhRgu purohita Rdha taja nIsoM the jANo AsI mAre bhoga / eka dina maraNo ho rAjAjI yadA tadA, cher3o nI kAma vizeSa // bIjo to tAraNa jaga meM ko nahIM, tAre jiNajI ro dharma eka // rAnI rAjA se Age calakara kahatI hai ki eka tote ko rala jaDita piMjaDe meM bhale hI banda kara diyA jAya, para vaha use baMdhana mAnatA hai, vaise hI rAjamahaloM ko maiM baMdhana mAnatI huuN| yahAM mujhe tanika mAtra bhI Ananda kI upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai, ataH maiM saMyama ko grahaNa karanA cAhatI huuN| vaha rAjA se namra nivedana karatI hai ratna-jaDita ho rAjA jI piMjaro, suvo to jANe hai phaMda / isaDI paNa hU~ thArA rAja meM, rati na pA~U ANaMda // sneharUpiyA tAMtAM toDane, ___ aura baMdhana sU rahasU dUra / virakta thaI ne saMjama maiM grahU~, the bhI paNa hoya jAo sUra / / muni kA veza dhAraNa karake bhI yadi mana meM zramaNatva nahIM hai, to vaha veza bhI kalaMkarUpa hai / ASADha bhUti anagAra ke caritra meM AbhUSaNoM se ladI haI sAdhvI ko nihAra kara AcArya kahate haiM suNa mahAsatI, yA lakhaNAMsu jaina dharma ati lAje / guNa nahIM ratI, lokAM mAhe nigranthaNI yUvAje / thU cAle che cAlA karatI, zuddha IryAsamiti nahIM dhrtii| loka lAja su nahIM DaratI, thUlAve gocarI jharajharatI // kapaTa sahita sAdhanA, sAdhanA nahIM, apitu virAdhanA hai| vaha Atma-vaMcanA hai| ananta kAla se AtmA isa prakAra sAdhanA karatA rahA, kintu jIvanotthAna nahIM huA, ataH kavi kaha rahA hai

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jaina muniyoM kA sAhityika yogadAna | 61 kapaTa kriyA se nahIM tariyA, bAja AcArI peTa bhariyA / isA sAMga to bahu kariyA, mahimA kAraNa kari mAyA / bholA nara ne bharamAyA, syU kapaTa dharama prabhuH pharamAyA // isa prakAra candana kI saurabha kI sabhI racanAe jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra evaM pratyeka pakSa ko samunnata banAne kI punIta preraNA pradAna karatI haiN| kAvya ke bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se yaha saMgraha mUlyavAna hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke kSetra meM candana kI saurabha apanA viziSTa sthAna prApta karegI, aisI AzA hai / - [candana kI saurabha-prastAvanA se]

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta svetAmbara sAhityakAra bhAratIya itihAsa meM rAjasthAna kA gauravapUrNa sthAna sadA se rahA hai| rAjasthAna kI dharatI ke kaNa-kaNa meM jahA~ vIratA aura zaurya aMgar3AI le rahA hai, vahA~ sAhitya aura saMskRti kI sumadhura svara lahariyAM bhI jhanajhanA rahI haiN| rAjasthAna ke raNa-bAMkure vIroM ne apanI anUThI Ana-bAna aura zAna kI rakSA ke lie ha~sate hue jahA~ balidAna diyA hai, vahA~ vaidika paramparA ke bhAvuka bhakta kaviyoM ne va zramaNasaMskRti ke zraddhAlu zramaNoM ne maulika va cintana-pradhAna sAhitya sRjana kara apanI pratApa pUrNa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai / raNathambhora, kumbhalagar3ha, cittor3a, bharatapura, mAMDora, jAlora jaise vizAla durga jahA~ una vIra aura vIrAGganAoM ko deza-bhakti kI gorava-gAthA ko prastuta karate haiM, vahA~ jaisalamera, nAgora, bIkAnera, jodhapura, jayapura, ajamera, Amera, DUMgarapura prabhRti ke vizAla jJAna-bhaNDAra sAhitya-premiyoM ke sAhityAnurAga ko abhivyajita karate haiN| rAjasthAna kI pAvana-puNya bhUmi anekAneka mUrdhanya vidvAnoM kI janmasthalI aura sAhitya-nirmANa sthalI rahI hai| una pratibhA-mUrti vidvAnoM ne sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM meM vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kara apane prakANDa pANDitya kA paricaya diyA hai| unake sambandha meM saMkSepa rUpa meM bhI kucha likhA jAya, to eka virATkAya grantha taiyAra ho sakatA hai, mujhe una sabhI rAjasthAnI vidvAnoM kA paricaya nahIM denA hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAkRta sAhityakAroM kA atyanta saMkSepa meM paricaya prastuta karanA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA zramaNa dhumakkar3a hai, himAlaya se kanyAkumArI taka aura aTaka se kaTaka taka paidala ghUma-ghUmakara jana-jana ke mana meM AdhyAtmika, dhArmika va sAMskRtika jAgRti ubuddha karatA rahA hai / usake jIvana kA carama va parama lakSya sva-kalyAyaNa ke sAtha-sAtha para-kalyANa bhI rahA hai| svAntaHsukhAya evaM bahujana hitAya sAhitya kA sRjana bhI karatA rahA hai| zramaNoM ke sAhitya ko kSetra vizeSa kI saMkIrNa sImA meM Abaddha karanA maiM ucita nahI mAnatA / kyoMki zramaNa kisI kSetra vizeSa kI dharohara nahIM hai / kitane hI zramaNoM kI janmasthalI rAjasthAna rahI hai, sAhitya-sthalI gujarAta rahI hai / kitanoM

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta zvetAmbara sAhityakAra | 63 kI hI janma-sthalI gujarAta hai, to sAhitya-sthalI rAjasthAna / kitane hI sAhityikoM ke sambandha meM itihAsa vettA saMdigdha haiM, ki ve kahA~ ke haiM, aura kitanI hI kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI prazastiyoM ke abhAva meM nirNaya nahIM ho sakA ki ve kahA~ para banAI gaI haiM / prastuta nibandha meM maiM una sAhityakAroM kA paricaya dUMgA jinako janma-sthalI anya hone para bhI apane grantha kA praNayana jinhoMne rAjasthAna meM kiyA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti ke zramaNoM kI yaha eka apUrva vizeSatA rahI hai ki adhyAtma kI gahana sAdhanA karate hue bhI unhoMne prAntavAda bhASAvAda, aura sampradAyavAda ko vismRta kara vistRta sAhitya kI sAdhanA kI hai| unhoMne svayaM ekacitta hokara hajAroM grantha likhe haiM, sAtha hI dUsaroM ko bhI likhane ke lie utprerita kiyA hai| kitane hI granthoM ke anta meM aisI prazastiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM, jinameM adhyayana-adhyApana kI likhane likhAne kI prabala preraNA pradAna kI gaI hai / jaise "jo par3hai par3hAvaI eka cittu, sai lihai lihAvai jo Nirattu / AyaraNNaM bhaNNaiM so pasatthu, paribhAvai ahiNisu eu satthu // AcArya haribhadra haribhadrasUri rAjasthAna ke eka jyotirdhara nakSatra the| unakI prabala pratibhA se bhAratIya sAhitya jagamagA rahA hai, unake jIvana ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama ullekha kahAvalI meM prApta hotA hai / itihAsavettA use vikrama kI 12 vIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa kI racanA mAnate haiM / usameM haribhadra kI janmasthalI ke sambandha meM "pivaMgaI baMbhapuNI" aisA vAkya milatA hai / jabaki anya aneka sthaloM para cittaur3a-citrakUTa kA spaSTa ullekha hai / paMDitapravara sukhalAla jI kA abhimata hai ki 'baMbhapuNI' brahmacittaur3a kA hI eka vibhAga rahA hogA, athavA cittaur3a ke sannikaTa kA koI kasbAhogA / unakI mAtA kA nAma gaMgA aura pitA kA nAma zaMkarabhaTTa thaa| sumati 1 zrIcandrakRta ratnakANDa 2 pATaNa saMghavI ke-naina bhaNDAra meM vi0 saM0 1467 kI hastalikhita tAr3a patrIya pothI khaNDa 2, patra-300 3 (ka) upadezapada muni zrIcandrasUri kI TIkA vi0 saM0 1174 (kha) gaNadhara sArdhazataka zrI sumatigaNikRta vRtti (ga) prabhAvaka caritra 1 zRga vi0 saM0 1334. (gha) rAjazekhara kRta prabandha koSa vi0 saM0 1405 . samadarzI AcArya haribhadra pR0 6 / 'saMkaro nAma bhaTTo tassa gaMgA bhaTTiNI' 'tIse haribhado nAma paMDio putto|' -kahAvalI, patra 300

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64 | citana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] gaNi ne gaNadharasArdhazataka meM haribhadra kI jAti brAhmaNa batAI hai| prabhAvaka carita meM unheM purohita kahA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke vibhinna mata the, kintu purAtatvavettA muni zrI jinavijaya jI ne prabala pramANoM se yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki vIra samvat 757 se 827 taka unakA jIvana kAla hai| aba isa sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM rahA hai| unhoMne vyAkaraNa, nyAya, dharmazAstra aura darzana kA gambhIra adhyayana kahA~ para kiyA thA, isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai / ve eka bAra cittaur3a ke mArga se jA rahe the, unake kAnoM meM eka gAthA pdd'ii| gAthA prAkRta bhASA kI thI / saMkSipta aura saMketapUrNa artha lie huI thii| ataH usakA marma unheM samajha meM nahIM AyA / anhoMne gAthA kA pATha karane vAlI sAdhvI se usa gAthA ke artha ko jAnane kI jijJAsA vyakta kI / sAdhvI ne apane guru jinadatta kA paricaya kraayaa| prAkRta sAhitya aura jaina-paramparA kA prAmANika aura gambhIra abhyAsa karane ke lie unhoMne jainendrI dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura usa sAdhvI ke prati apane hRdaya kI ananta zraddhA ko, svayaM ko unakA dharmaputra batAkara vyakta kI hai| ve gRhasthAzrama meM saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the / zramaNa banane para prAkRta bhASA kA gahana adhyayana kiyA / dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka, nandI, anuyogadvAra, prajJApanA, opaniyukti, caitya-vandana, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, jIvAbhigama aura piNDa niyukti Adi AgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhiiN| Agama sAhitya ke ve prathama TIkAkAra haiM / aSTaka prakaraNa, dharmabindu, paJcasUtra, vyAkhyA bhAvanA siddhi, laghukSetra samAsavRtti, varga kevalI sUtra vRtti, hiMsASTaka, anekAnta jayapatAkA, anekAntavAda praveza, anekAntasiddhi, tatvArthasUtralaghavRtti, dvija vadana-capeTA, nyAya praveza TIkA, nyAyAvatAravRtti, lokatatva nirNaya zAstravArtA samuccaya, sarvajJa siddhi, SaDdarzana samuccaya ,syAdvAda kucodha-parihAra, yogadRSTi samuccaya, yogabindu, SoDazaka prakaraNa, vIrastava, saMsAra dAvAnala stuti, prabhRti aneka maulika-grantha unhoMne saMskRta bhASA meM race haiM / prAkRta bhASA meM bhI unhoMne vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai / saMskRtavata hI prAkRta bhASA para bhI unakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| unhoMne dharma, darzana, 1 evaM so paMDitagavvamuvvahamANo haribhaTTo nAma maahnno|' 3 prabhAvaka caritra zRga 6, zloka 8. / jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka varSa 1. aMka-1. 'cakkidugaM haripaNagaM, paNagaM cakkINaM kesavo cakkI / kesava cakkI kesava du cakkI, kesI a cakkI a|| -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA-421. 5 dharmato yAkinI mahattarA sUnuH , -AvazyakavRtti

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta zvetAmbara sAhityakAra | 65 yoga, kathA, jyotiSa aura stuti prabhRti sabhI viSayoM meM grantha likhe haiM / jaise - upadezapada, paJcavastu, paMcAzaka, bIsa vizikAe~, zrAvaka dharmavidhiprakaraNa, sambodhaprakaraNa, dharmasaMgrahaNI, yoga viMzikA, yoga zataka, dhUrttAkhyAna, samarAiccakahA, lagnazuddhi, lagna kuNDaliyA~ Adi / samarAiccakahA prAkRta bhASA kI sarvazreSTha kRti hai / jo sthAna saMskRta sAhitya meM kAdambarI kA hai, vahI sthAna prAkRta meM 'samarAiccakahA' kA hai / yaha grantha jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai, aneka sthaloM para zaurasenI bhASA kA bhI prabhAva hai / 'dhuttaikhANa' haribhadra kI dUsarI ullekhanIya racanA hai / nizIthacUrNi kI pIThikA meM dhUrttAkhyAna kI kathAe~ saMkSepa meM milatI haiN| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne vahA~ yaha sUcita kiyA hai, ki vizeSa jijJAsu 'dhUrttAkhyAna' meM dekheM / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jinadAsagaNa ke sAmane 'dhUttAkakhANa' kI koI prAcIna racanA rahI hogI, jo Aja anupalabdha hai | AcArya haribhadra ne nizIthacUrNi ke AdhAra se prastuta grantha kI racanA kI hai / grantha meM purANoM meM varNita atiraJjita kathAoM para karAre vyaMgya karate hue unakI ayathArthatA siddha kI hai / 1 bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM zailI kI dRSTi se isakA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| lAkSaNika zailI meM isa prakAra kI anya koI bhI racanA upalabdha nahIM hotI / yaha sAdhi - kAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyaGgopahAsa kI itanI zreSTha racanA kisI bhI bhASA meM nahIM hai / dhUrtoM kA vyaMgya prahAra dhvaMsAtmaka nahIM apitu nirmANAtmaka hai / kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne 1444 granthoM kI racanA kI thI / kintu ve sabhI grantha upalabdha nahIM haiM / DA0 harmana jekobI, laoNyamAna vinitsa, pro0 suvAlI aura zugi prabhRti aneka pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne haribhadra ke granthoM kA sampAdana aura anuvAda bhI kiyA hai / 2 unake sambandha meM prakAza bhI DAlA hai / isase bhI unakI mahAnatA kA sahaja hI patA laga sakatA hai / udyotanasUri udyotana sUri zvetAmbara paramparA ke eka viziSTa medhAvI santa the / unakA jIvanavRtta vistAra se nahIM miltaa| unhoMne vIrabhadrasUri se siddhAnta kI zikSA prApta kI thI aura haribhadrasUri se yuktizAstra kI / kuvalayamAlA prAkRta sAhitya 1 siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI se prakAzita | 2 dekhie - DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne samarAiccakahA kA sampAdana kiyA, pro0 suvAlI ne yogadRSTi samuccaya, yogabindu, lokatattva nirNaya, evaM SaDdarzana samuccaya kA sampAdana kiyA aura lokatattva nirNaya kA iTAliyana bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA /

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66 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] kA unakA eka anupama grantha hai / gadya-padya mizrita mahArASTrI prAkRta kI yaha prasAdapUrNa racanA campU zailI meM likhI gaI hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sAtha isameM paizAcI, apabhraMza va dezI bhASAoM ke sAtha kahIM-kahIM para saMskRta bhASA kA bhI prayoga huA hai / prema aura zRMgAra ke sAtha vairAgya kA bhI prayoga huA hai| subhASita, mArmika praznottara, prahelikA Adi bhI yatra-tatra dikhalAI detI hai| jisase lekhaka ke vizAla adhyayana va sUkSma dRSTi kA patA lagatA hai| grantha para bANa kI kAdambarI, trivikrama kI damayantI kathA aura haribhadrasUri ke 'samarAiccakahA' kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / prastuta grantha lekhaka ne I0 san 776 meM jAvAlipura, jisakA vartamAna meM 'jAlora' nAma hai, vahA~ para pUrNa kiyA hai / jinezvarasUri jinezvarasUri ke nAma se jaina sampradAya meM aneka pratibhA-sampanna AcArya hae haiM / prastuta AcArya kA ullekha dhanezvarasUri, abhaya deva, aura guNacandra ne yugapradhAna ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| jinezvarasUri kA vihAra-sthala mukhya rUpa se rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mAlavA rahA hai / inhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM meM racanAe~ kI / usameM haribhadrakRta aSTaka para vRtti, paMcaliMgI prakaraNa, vIra caritra, nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA, SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa, aura kahANaya koSa mukhya haiM / kahANaya koSa meM 30 gAthAeM haiM aura prAkRta meM TIkA hai / jisameM chattIsa pramukha kathAe~ haiM / kathAoM meM usa yuga kI samAja, rAjanIti aura AcAra-vicAra kA sarasa citraNa kiyA gayA hai / samAsayukta padAvalI, anAvazyaka zabda ADambara aura alaMkAroM kI bharamAra nahIM hai / kahIM-kahIM para apabhraza bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| unakI nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA bhI prAkRta bhASA kI zreSTha racanA hai / unhoMne yaha kathA sa0 1082 aura 1065 ke madhya meM banAI hai / pada-lAlitya, zleSa aura alaMkAroM se yaha vibhUSita hai / prastuta grantha kA zlokabaddha saMskRta bhASAntara jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM upalabdha huA hai| mUlakRti abhI taka anupalabdha hai| prAkRta bhASA meM unakI eka anya racanA 'gAthAkoSa' bhI milatI hai| 1 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI vi0 saM0 2005, muni jina vijyjii| 2 tuNamalaMgha jiNa-bhavaNa, maNaharaM sAvayAulaM visabhaM / jAvAliuraM aTThAvayaM va aha atthi puhaie / -kuvalayamAlA prazasti, pR0 282. 3 surasundarIcariyaM kI antima prazasti gAthA 240 se 248. 4 bhagavatI, jJAtA, samavAyAGga sthAnAGga, aupapAtika kI vRttiyoM meM prazastiyAM / 5 mahAvIracariyaM prazasti /

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mahezvarasUri mahezvarasUri pratibhAsampanna kavi the| ve saMskRta-prAkRta ke prakANDa paNDita the / inakA samaya I0 san 1052 se pUrva mAnA gayA hai| nnaannpnycmiikhaa| inakI eka mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| isameM dezI zabdoM kA abhAva hai / bhASA meM lAlitya hai, yaha prAkRta bhASA kA zreSTha kAvya hai| mahezvarasUri sajjana upAdhyAya ke ziSya the| jinadattasUri jinadatta jinezvarasUri ke ziSya the| apane laghu gurubandhu abhayadeva kI abhyarthanA ko sammAna dekara saMvega raMgazAlA nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1125 hai / navAGgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva ke ziSya jinavallabhasUri ne prastuta grantha kA saMzodhana kiyaa| saMvegabhAva kA pratipAdana karanA hI grantha kA uddezya rahA hai / grantha meM sarvatra zAntarasa chalaka rahA hai| jinaprabhasUri jinaprabhasUri vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI AcArya the| inhoMne 1326 meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI aura AcArya jinasiMha ne inheM yogya samajha kara 1341 meM AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| dillI kA sultAna muhammada tugalaka bAdazAha inakI vidvattA aura inake camatkArapUrNa kRtyoM se atyadhika prabhAvita thA / inake jIvana kI aneka camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAe~ prasiddha haiN| 'kAtantravibhramavRtti, zreNika caritra, dvayAzraya kAvya', 'vidhimArgaprapA' Adi aneka granthoM kI racanA kii| vidhiprapA prAkRta sAhitya kA eka sundara grantha hai / zrIyut agaracandajI nAhaTA kA abhimata hai ki 700 stotra bhI inhoMne banAye / ve stotra saMskRta, prAkRta, dezya bhASA ke atirikta bhASA meM bhI likhe haiM / vartamAna meM inake 55 stotra upalabdha hote haiN|' nemicandrasUri nemicandrasUri bRhadgacchIya udyotanasUri ke praziSya aura Amradeva ke ziSya the / AcArya pada prApta karane ke pUrva inakA nAma devendragaNi thA / 'mahAvIra 1 sampAdaka-amRtalAla, savacanda gopANI, prakAzana-siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI __ saMvat 1946. do pakkhujjoyakaro dosAsaMgeNavajjio amo| siri sajjaNa ujjAo, auvaccaM duvvaakkhatyo // sIseNa tassa kahiyA dasa vikahANA imeupaMcamie / sUrimahesaraeNaM bhaviyANa bohaNaTThAe / -nnaann-10|466-467. . vidhiprapA-siMghI jaina granthamAlA-bambaI se prakAzita /

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68 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] 'ri' inakI padyamayI racanA hai / vi0 saM0 1941 meM inhoMne prastuta grantha racanA 'kii| isake atirikta 'akkhANayamaNikosa' (mUla), uttarAdhyayana kI saMskRta TIkA, Herature prabhRti inakI racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM / guNapAlamuni guNapAlamuni zvetAmbara paramparA ke nAila gacchIya vIrabhadrasUri ke ziSya athavA praziSya the / 'jambUcariyaM' inakI zreSTha racanA hai / 2 grantha kI racanA kaba kI, isakA saMketa granthakAra ne nahIM kiyA hai, kintu grantha ke sampAdaka munizrI jinavijayajI kA abhimata hai ki grantha gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM yA usase pUrva likhA gayA hai / jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra se jo prati upalabdha huI hai, vaha prati 14vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI likhI huI hai / jambUcariyaM kI bhASA sarala aura subodha hai / sampUrNa grantha gadya-padya mizrita hai / isa para 'kuvalayamAlA' grantha kA sIdhA prabhAva hai / yaha eka aitihAsika satya tathya hai ki kuvalayamAlA ke racayitA udyotanasUri ne siddhAMtoM kA adhyayana vIrabhadra nAma ke AcArya ke pAsa kiyA thA / unhoMne vIrabhadra ke lie likhA " dinnaja hicchiyaphalao avaro kapparukkhovva' | guNapAla ne apane guru pradyumnasUri ko vIrabhadra kA ziSya batalAyA hai | guNapAla ne bhI 'paricitiyadinnaphalo AsI so kapparukkho' aisA likhA hai, jo udyotanasUri ke vAkya prayoga ke sAtha mela khAtA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki udyotanasUra ke siddhAnta guru vIrabhadrAcArya aura guNapAlamuni ke praguru vIrabhadrasUri ye donoM eka hI vyakti hoNge| yadi aisA hI hai, to guNapAlamuni kA astitva vikrama kIvIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hai / guNapAlamuni kI dUsarI racanA 'risikantA cariyaM' hai jisakI apUrNa prati bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA saMzodhana mandira pUnA meM hai / samayasundaragaNi ye eka variSTha medhAvI santa the / tarka, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya ke ye gambhIra vidvAn the| unakI adbhuta pratibhA ko dekhakara bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoM kI aMgulI bhI dA~toM ta laga jAtI thI / saMvat 1646 kI eka ghaTanA hai- bAdazAha akabara ne kazmIra para vijaya vaijayantI phaharAne ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| prasthAna ke pUrva viziSTa vidvAnoM kI eka sabhA huI / samayasundarajI ne usa samaya vidvAnoM ke samakSa eka adbhuta grantha upasthita kiyA / usa grantha ke sAmane Aja dina taka koI bhI grantha Thahara nahIM sakA hai / " rAjAno dadate saukhyam" isa saMskRta vAkya ke ATha akSara haiM, aura eka-eka akSara ke eka-eka lAkha artha kiye gaye haiM / bAdazAha akabara aura anya sabhI vidvAn pratibhA ke isa anUThe camatkAra ko dekhakara nata mastaka ho gaye / akabara 1 vidhiprapA - siMghI jaina granthamAlA - bambaI se prakAzita |

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bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA | 79 bAlaTeyara, 1 ebarakombI 2, vAlTara pepara, sI0 ema0 bAvarA', DablyU0 pI0 kera5, ema0 Diksana', TilayArDa' prabhRti pAzcAtya cintakoM ne mahAkAvya ke vividha pahaluoM para gaharAI se anucintana kiyA hai / vistAra bhaya se hama una saba para yahA~ cintana na kara saMkSepa meM yahI kahanA cAheMge ki prAyaH sabhI mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne mUlatattva eka sadRza mAnA hai, yatkicit antara mahAkAvya ke bAhya rUpa ko lekara hI hai / mukhya tathya pAzcAtya aura paurvAtya donoM meM samAna haiM / atItakAla se hI jaina manISIgaNa gIrvANa girA meM kAvyoM kA sRjana karate rahe haiM kyoMki anuyogadvAra meM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM ko samAna rUpa se mahatva diyA hai / isalie jainAcAryoM kI lekhanI donoM bhASAoM meM avirAma gati se calatI rahI / IsavI san kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA adhyayana atyadhika Avazyaka mAnA jAne lgaa| vijJoM kI mAnyatA hai ki ekAdaza aMgoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI thI aura pUrvo kI bhASA saMskRta thI / isa dRSTi se saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM ko jaina sAhitya meM gauravapUrNa pada milA hai| jaina manI - SiyoM ne prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA meM virATa sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA to saMskRta bhASA meM bhI vipula sAhitya sRjana kara apanI prakRSTa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai / yaha satya hai ki jaina paramparA adhyAtmapradhAna rahI hai / usakA mukhya lakSya mokSa rahA hai aura mokSa ko prApta karane ke lie dhArmika sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / isa dRSTi se jaina sAhitya meM tyAga, vairAgya ke svara adhika mukharita hue haiM / jaina kAvya sAhitya kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / isakI kathAvastu meM vistAra kI apekSA gahanatA adhika hotI hai / sUkSma bhAvoM kA AkhyAna aura varNana ke sAtha hI vizleSaNa pradhAna hotA hai / kathAoM meM pUrvajanmoM kI kathAe~ camatkAra utpanna karane vAlI hotI haiM jo kisI pakSa kA mArmika udghATana karatI haiM / zRMgArika 1 DA0 zaMbhunAtha siMha kRta 'hindI mahAkAvya ke svarUpa - vikAsa' se uddhRta, pR0 104 / Abercrombie, The Epic, Page 40-41. 8 Appreciation, Page 36. 4 C. M. Bowara, From Virgil to Milton, Page 1. 5 W. P. Ker 'Epic & Romance' Page 17. 6 M. Dixon - English Epic & Heroic Poetry', Page 9. 7 sarasvatI saMvAda, mahAkAvya vizeSAMka pR0 36-40 // 8 sakkayA pAyayA ceva bhaNiIo hoti doNNi vA / saramaNDalammi gijjete pasatthA isibhAsiyA // 2 - anuyogadvArasUtra, sUtra 127

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70 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] vAcaka kalyANatilaka vAcaka kalyANatilaka ne chappana gAthAoM meM kAlakAcArya kI kathA likhii|| hIrakalaza muni hIrakalazamuni ne saMvat 1621 meM 'joisa-hIra' grantha kI racanA kii| yaha grantha jyotiSa kI gaharAI ko prakaTa karatA hai| mAnadeva sUri mAnadeva sUri kA janma nADola meM huA / unake pitA kA nAma dhanezvara va mAtA kA nAma dhAriNI thaa| inhoMne 'zAMti stava' aura 'tijaya pahutta' nAmaka stotra kI racanA kii| nemicandajI bhaNDArI nemicandajI bhaNDArI ne prAkRta bhASA meM SaSTizataka prakaraNa' jinavallabhasUri guNa varNana evaM pArzvanAtha stotra Adi racanAeM banAI haiM / ' sthAnakavAsI muni ___ rAjasthAnI sthAnakavAsI muniyoM ne bhI prAkRta bhASA meM aneka granthoM kI racanAe~ kI haiN| kintu sAdhanAbhAva se una sabhI granthakAroM kA paricaya denA sambhava nahIM hai / zramaNa hajArImala jinakI janmasthalI mevAr3a thI unhoMne 'sAhuguNamAlA' grantha kI racanA kI thii| jayamala sampradAya ke muni zrI cainamala jI ne bhI zrImadgItA kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kiyA thaa| paNDita muni zrI lAlacanda jI "zramaNalAla" ne bhI prAkRta meM aneka stotra Adi banAe haiN| paM0 phUlacandra jI ma0 "puphpha bhikkhu' ne suttAgame kA sampAdana kiyA aura aneka lekha Adi prAkRta meM likhe haiN| rAjasthAna kesarI, paNDita pravara zrI puSkara munijI ma0 ne bhI prAkRta meM stotra aura nibandha likhe haiN| AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI AcArya ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja eka pratibhAsampanna santaratna the| unakA 1 tIrthaMkara varSa 4, aMka 1, maI 1674 / 2 maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri, aSTa zatAbdI smRti grantha 'joisahIra'-mahatvapUrNa kharataragacchIya jyotiSa grantha lekha, pRSTha 65 / 2 (ka) prabhAvaka caritra-bhASAntara, pRSTha 187 / ---prakAzaka-AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1987 meM prakAzita / (kha) jaina paramparA no itihAsa bhAga-1 pR0 356 se 361 / * maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smati grantha /

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta zvetAmbara sAhityakAra | 71 janma samvat 1641 meM jasavantagar3ha (mevAr3a) meM huaa| unakI mAM kA nAma vimalA bAI aura pitA kA nAma prabhudatta thaa| javAharAcArya ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apane battIsa AgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAeM likhiiN| aura zivakoza nAnArtha, udaya sAgara koza, zrIlAla nAmamAlA koza, Arhat vyAkaraNa, Arhat laghu vyAkaraNa, AIt siddhAnta vyAkaraNa, zAMti sindhu mahAkAvya, loMkAzAha mahAkAvya, jainAgama tattva dIpikA, vRtta-bodha, tattva pradIpa, sUkti saMgraha, gRhastha kalpataru, pUjya zrIlAla kAvya, nAgAmbara maJjarI, lavajI muni kAvya, nava-smaraNa, kalyANa maMgala stotra, vardhamAna stotra Adi saMskRta bhASA meM maulika granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA / tatvArtha sUtra, kalpasUtra aura prAkRta vyAkaraNa Adi aneka grantha prAkRtabhASA meM bhI likhe haiM / anya aneka santa prAkRta bhASA meM likhate haiN| AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI zrI vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zramaNa saMgha ke prathama AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja prAkRta, saMskRta ke gahana vidvAn aura jaina AgamoM ke talasparzI adhyetA the / ApakA janma paMjAba meM huA, vihAra-kSetra bhI paMjAba rahA / prastuta lekha meM vizeSa prasaMga na hone se ApakI prAkRta racanAoM ke viSaya meM adhika likhanA prAsaMgika nahIM hogA, para yaha nizcita hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Apane prAkRta sAhitya evaM AgamoM kI TIkAe~ likha kara sAhitya bhaNDAra kI zrIvRddhi kI hai / Apake ziSya zrI jJAnamuni jI bhI prAkRta ke acche vidvAn haiN| terApantha sampradAya ke aneka Adhunika muniyoM ne bhI prAkRta bhASA meM likhA hai| 'rayaNavAlakahA' candanamuni jI kI eka zreSTha racanA hai| rAjasthAnI jaina zvetAmbara paramparA ke santAM ne jitanA sAhitya likhA hai, utanA Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / kucha to muslima yuga ke dharmAndha zAsakoM ne jana zAstra bhaNDAroM ko naSTa kara diyA aura kucha hamArI lAparavAhI se cUhoM, dImaka evaM sIlana se naSTa ho gaye / tathApi jo kucha avaziSTa hai, una granthoM ko Adhunika dRSTi se sampAdita karake prakAzita kiyA jAye to ajJAta mahAn sAhityakAroM kA sahaja hI patA laga sakatA hai /

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bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA gIrvANa girA ke yazasvI kavi aura saphala samAlocaka maMkhaka ne samAlocaka ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue likhA hai-kisI bhI kavi ke kAvya ke marma ko samajhane kI yogyatA samAlocaka meM hotI hai / saphala sAhityakAra hI kavi ke kamanIya sadguNoM kI saurabha didiganta meM phailA sakatA hai| jaise eka tailabindu binA jala ke vistAra nahIM pAtA vaise hI samAlocaka ke abhAva meM kavi ke kAvya kA rahasya janatA samajha nahIM pAtI / samAlocaka kavi ke kAvya kI kasauTI karatA hai| vaha sahRdayI hotA hai / usakA mAnasa udAtta aura hRdaya virAT hotA hai| _AcArya rAjazekhara ne "kAvya mImAMsA" meM, AcArya ruccaka ne "sAhitya mImAMsA" meM, paNDita vizvanAtha ne "sAhitya darpaNa" meM kAvya ke samasta aMgoM para cintana-manana kiyA hai| kAvya eka kalA hai / usameM udAtta bhAvAnubhUti aura rasAnubhUti hotI hai / vaha buddhi aura tarkapradhAna nahIM, apitu anubhUtipradhAna hotA hai / usameM kavi ke antaHkaraNa kA ananta Ananda aThakheliyAM karatA rahatA hai / etadartha hI mahAkavi bhavabhUti ke hattantrI ke sukumAra tAra jhanajhanAye haiM ki maiM usa vimala vANI ko vandanA karatA hai jisameM AtmA kI divya aura bhavya kalA amRta rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / kavIndra ravIndra ne bhI kahA hai-kAvya meM kalAkAra apane ko abhivyakta karatA hai| samavAyAMga, nAyAdhammakahA, rAjapraznIya, aupapAtika, jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, kalpasUtra aura unakI vRttiyoM meM kalA ke sambandha meM gaharAI se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| puruSoM ke lie bahattara kalAeM aura mahilAoM ke lie cauMsaTha kalAoM kA vidhAna hai / una kalAoM meM 'kAvya kalA' bhI eka kalA hai / 'lalita vistara' grantha meM kAvya karaNa vidhi ko kalA meM parigaNita kiyA hai| bhartRhari ne to kAvya kalA rahita vyakti ko pazu kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| kalAoM meM kAvyakalA zreSTha 1 sAhitya saMgIta kalA vihInaH sAkSAt pazuH pucchaviSANahInaH / /

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bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA | 73 kalA hai / 'kAvyAlaMkAra' grantha meM AcArya bhAmaha ne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai-aisA koI zabda nahIM, aisA koI vAkya nahIM, aisI koI vidyA nahIM aura aisI koI kalA nahIM jo kAvya kA aMga hokara na aaye| kAvya kyA hai ? isa prazna para atIta kAla se hI cintana calatA rahA hai / vibhinna manISiyoM ne vibhinna dRSTiyoM se uttara dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai / kintu kAvya kI sarvasammata paribhASA abhI taka nizcita nahIM ho sakI hai / AcArya bhAmaha ne "kAvyAlaMkAra" meM zabda aura artha ko kAvya kahA hai / AcArya daNDI ne "kAvyAdarza' meM zabdArtha rUpI zarIra ko alaMkRta karane vAle alaMkAroM ko sarvAdhika mahatva dekara use kAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai / AcArya kuntaka ne 'vakrokti jIvitam" meM sAhitya use mAnA hai jisameM zabda aura artha kA zobhAzAlI sammilana hotA hai-jaba kavi apanI prakRSTa, pratibhA se upayukta sthAna para upayukta zabda samAviSTa karatA hai / jo kucha bhI lekhabaddha ho jAya vaha sAhitya nahIM hai, apitu sAhitya vaha hai jisameM hRdaya kI nirmala bhAvanA kA visphoTa hotA hai| sAhitya kA zreSThatama rUpa kAvya hai| kyoMki kAvya sundara, sarasa aura madhura hotA hai / usameM vyAkaraNazAstra kI taraha nIrasatA nahIM hotI, darzana aura tarkazAstra kI taraha gambhIratA nahIM hotI, aura gaNitazAstra kI taraha jaTilatA nahIM hotii| kAvya meM lokajIvana kA maMgala aura akhaNDa Ananda kA payodhi uchAleM mAratA hai| vidagdhatA aura saundaryapUrNa abhivyaMjanA zailI kAvya kA prANa hai / Anandavarddhana ke anusAra-kAvya vaha hai jisameM vAcyArtha kI apekSA vyaMgyArtha kI pradhAnatA ho / ' vAmana ne rIti ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne doSarahita guNayukta alaMkAra se samalaMkRta zabdArthamayI racanA ko kAvya kI abhidhA dI hai| vizvanAtha ne rasAtmaka vAkya ko kAvya kahA hai / " paMNDita jagannAtha ne 'ramaNIya artha kA pratipAdana karane vAle zabdoM ko kAvya kahA hai| isI taraha agnipurANakAra 1 zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyam / 2 taiH zarIraM ca kAvyAnAmalaMkArAzca drshitaaH| . zarIraM tAvadiSTArthavyavacchinnA padAvalI // -daNDI, kAvyAdarza vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam / -kuntaka, vakrokti jIvitam * kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH / -dhvanyAloka rItirAtmA kAvyasya / -vAmana, alaMkAra sUtra 8 tavadoSau zabdAthoM saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvA'pi / -mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza 7 vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam / . -vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa 8 ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam / - jagannAtha, rasagaMgAdhara 9 saMkSepAdvAkyamiSTArtha-vyavacchinnA pdaavlii| kAvyaM sphuradalaMkAraM guNavaddoSavarjitam // -agnipurANa

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74 | citana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] tathA rudraTa, bhoja, jayadeva, AcArya hemacandra, vAgbhaTa, Adi ne bhI kAvya kI paribhASAe~ nirmANa kI haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne likhA hai-zAstra ko samajhane ke lie zabda kI abhidhA zakti paryApta hai, kintu kAvya ko samajhane ke lie kevala abhidhA hI paryApta nahIM hai, kahIM abhidhA, kahIM vyaMjanA aura kahIM lakSaNA Avazyaka hai| kAvya meM zabda aura artha donoM rahate haiN| ve donoM eka dUsare para AdhRta haiM / zabda binA artha ke nahIM raha sakatA aura artha kI abhivyakti zabda ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / zabda aura artha donoM kA sahabhAva hI kAvya nahIM hai| kAvya meM rasa, alaMkAra, rIti, guNa, doSazUnyatA Avazyaka hai / kAvya meM rasAtmakatA hotI hai| sAMsArika jitane bhI Ananda haiM, ve kSaNika haiM / prathama kSaNa meM unakI jaisI anubhUti hotI hai, vaisI anubhUti bAda meM nahIM hotii| para kAvya ke Ananda ko deza-kAla kI saMkIrNa sImA Abaddha nahIM kara sakate / usa Ananda kI tulanA putrajanma, dhanAgamana, pada-prApti, pratiSThA kI upalabdhi aura pramadA kI upalabdhi se bhI kahIM adhika hai| AcArya mammaTa aura vizvanAtha ne kAvya ke mukhya rUpa se mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda ye tIna guNa mAne haiM / bharata aura vAmana ne dasa guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| para ve sabhI guNa ina tIna guNoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| kAvya kI AtmA rasa hai / jisake kAraNa rasa meM bAdhA upasthita hotI ho vaha doSa hai| mammaTa ne pada doSa, padAMza-doSa, vAkya-doSa, artha-doSa aura rasa-doSa ye pAMca doSa ke prakAra batAye haiM / 'kAvya prakAza' ke saptama ullAsa meM unhoMne unakA vistAra se vivecana bhI kiyA hai| ___ kAvya ke prANatattva ke sambandha meM kAvya-manISiyoM ne atyanta gaMbhIratA se 'cintana karate hue rasavAdI, alaMkAravAdI, rItivAdI, dhvanivAdI, vakroktivAdI aura aucityavAdI ina chaha sampradAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| hama yahAM para sabhI kA vistAra se vizleSaNa na kara saMkSepa meM yahI kahanA cAheMge ki kAvya ke vividha rUpa, vividha aMga, vividha vidhA ke sambandha meM hajAroM varSoM se usa para cintana kiyA jA rahA hai| 1 nanu zabdAthoM kAvyam / -rudraTa, kAvyAlaMkAra 2 nirdoSaM guNavat kAvyamalaMkArairalaMkRtam / rasAnvitaM / -bhoja, sarasvatI kaNTAbharaNa / nirdoSA lakSaNAvatI sriitirgunnbhuussitaa| sAlaMkArarasAnekavRttirvAk kAvyanAmabhAk // -jayadeva, candrAloka * hemacandra, kAvyAnuzAsana / 5 vAgbhaTa, kAvyAnuzAsana /

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bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA | 75 bhAratIya cintakoM ne kAvya ke mukhya do bhAga kiye haiM-prekSyakAvya aura zravyakAvya / jo kAtya raMgamaMca para abhinaya karane yogya ho vaha prekSyakAvya hai|' aise kAvyoM kI pUrNa Ananda kI upalabdhi A~khoM se dekhane para hI ho sakatI hai| zravyakAvya vaha hai jo kAnoM se sunA jAya / madhura svara se jo gAyA jAtA hai aura jise sunakara Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha zravyakAvya hai / prAcIna kAla meM lekhana kI paramparA kama thii| isalie smRti ke sahAre hI kAvya ko smaraNa rakhA jAtA thA, isalie vaha zravyakAvya kahalAtA thaa| Aja zravyakAvya ko adhikAMza rUpa meM par3hA hI jAtA hai, para use pAThyakAvya na kahakara zravyakAvya hI kahA jAtA hai / prekSyakAvya bhI par3he jAte haiM, kintu usakA vAstavika Ananda dekhane meM AtA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne prekSyakAvya ke pAThya aura geya ye do bheda kiye haiM--pAThya meM nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA, samavakAra, IhAmaga, vyAyoga, Dima, utsRSTikAMga, prahasana, bhANa, vIthI tathA saTTaka Adi haiN| aura geya meM DombikA, prasthAna, ziMgaka, bhANikA, preraNa, rAmAkrIDa, hallIsaka, rAsaka, goSThI, zrIgadita aura rAga kAvya Adi haiM / yahA~ para hama una sabhI ke bheda aura prabhedoM para cintana na kara, zravyakAvya ke tIna bheda haiM-- gadya, padya aura mizra usa para vicAra karate hue mUla viSaya para prakAza ddaaleNge| gadyakAvya vaha hai jo Avazyaka kAvya guNoM se alaMkRta ho / sAtha hI usameM chanda yojanA kA abhAva hotA hai / gadyakAvya ko kathA aura AkhyAyikA ina do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM / AcArya hemacandra ke matAnusAra AkhyAyikA gadyamaya racanA hotI hai / jisameM dhIrodAtta nAyaka apane jIvanavRtta ko apane muMha se apane mitra Adi ko batAtA hai / usameM romAMcaka tattva kanyApaharaNa, saMgrAma Adi hote haiN| saMskRta sAhitya ke suprasiddha grantha "harSa caritra" ko isameM liyA jA sakatA hai| 1 prekSyamabhineyam / -kAvyAnuzAsana 8-1 kI vRtti (A0 hemacandra) 2 zravyamanabhineyam / -vahI0 8-1 prekSyaM pAThyaM geyaM ca / -hemacandra, kAvyAnuzAsana 8-2 pAThyaM nATakaprakaraNanATikAsamavakArehAmRgaDimavyAyogotsRSTikAMkaprahasana bhANavIthI saTTakAdi / -vahI0 adhyAya 8 sUtra 3 5 geyaM DombikAbhANaprasthAnaziMgakabhANikApreraNarAmAkrIDahallIsakarAsagoSThI shriigditraagkaavyaadi| -vahI0 adhyAya 8, sUtra 4 8 tacca gadya-padya mishrbhedaistridhaa| -vAgbhaTa, kAvyAnuzAsana gadyamapAda-padasantAnacchando rahito vaakysNdrbhH| -vAgbhaTa, kAvyAnuzAsana kAvyAnuzAsana 8-10 vRtti hemacandra /

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76 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] ___ kathA vaha hai jahA~ kavi svayaM nAyaka ke jIvanavRtta kA varNana gadya meM karatA hai / jaise dazakumAra caritra, paMcataMtra, kAdambarI Adi / kathA meM bhI romAMcaka tatva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| chandobaddha racanA padya hai| chandobaddha hone se usameM saMgIta kI sarasatA rahatI hai jisase sunane meM vaha bahuta madhura lagatI hai| padya ke bhI do vibhAga hai-prabandhakAvya aura muktakakAvya / prabandhakAvya meM eka kathA rahatI hai aura sabhI padya eka dUsare se saMbaMdhita hote haiN| usameM varNana bhI hotA hai, prAkkathana bhI hotA hai; pArasparika sambandha hone ke kAraNa prabhAva kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| kintu muktakakAvya svatantra sattA liye hue hotA hai / usake padya eka dUsare se milate nahIM haiM / ve pUrNa rUpa se svatantra hote haiN| prabandhakAvya ke bhI mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya ye do prakAra haiM / mahAkAvya meM sarvAMgINa jIvana kA citra hotA hai / vaha sargabaddha, vizAla, alaMkArayukta zliSTa bhASA kA prayoga, rAja darabAra, dUtapreSaNa, sainyaprayANa, yuddha, jIvana ke vividha rUpoM va avasthAoM kA citraNa, mahAkAvya kA nAyaka, kulIna, vIra, vidvAn, usake udAtta guNoM kA varNana hotA hai / usameM samasta rasoM kA paripAka hotA hai aura loka svabhAva kI abhivyakti hotI hai / cAra puruSArthoM ko sthAna diyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra bhAmaha ne 'kAvyAlaMkAra meM, daNDI ne 'kAvyAdarza' meM, rudraTa ne 'kAvyAlaMkAra' meM aura vAgbhaTa, AcArya hemacandra,' AcArya amaracandra, vizvanAtha prabhRti vidvAnoM ne mahAkAvya ke svarUpa para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA hai| bhAratIya cintakoM ne mahAkAvya ko sargabaddha honA Avazyaka mAnA hai / AcArya hemacandra aura vAgbhaTa ke abhimatAnusAra vaha AzvAsakabaddha bhI ho sakatA hai / sarga na adhika bar3e hone cAhie, na atyanta laghu hI / vizvanAtha ne sargoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai, para anya AcAryoM ne nahIM / kathAnaka ke sambandha meM 1 kAvyAnuzAsana 8-8 vRtti hemacandra / 3 vahI0 pR0 17 / 3 kAvyAlaMkAra, pari0 1, zlo0 19-23 / * kAvyAdarza, pari01, zlo014-16 / 5 kAvyAlaMkAra, a0 16, zlo0 2-16 / kAvyAnuzAsana / 7 kAvyAnuzAsana a08| 8 kAvyakalpalatA vRtti / , sAhitya darpaNa, pari0 6, zloka 315-328 /

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bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAvya-mImAMsA | 77 rudra kA mAnanA hai ki vaha mahatI ghaTanA honI caahie| usameM pA~ca nATya- saMdhiyoM kI yojanA honI cAhie jisase kathAnaka vistRta ho sake / kathAnaka aitihAsika yA purANa para AdhRta honA cAhie / rudraTa kI dRSTi kathAnaka se kalpanApradhAna bhI ho sakatA hai / rudraTa aura hemacandra ke matAnusAra mahAkAvya meM avAntara kathAe~ honI cAhie jisase gambhIra aura vyApaka anubhavoM kA parijJAna ho sake / mahAkAvya meM prAkRtika saundarya suSamA kA sajIva citraNa hotA hai / AcArya hemacandra kA mAnanA hai 'yadi mUlakathA meM prAkRtika saundarya Adi para cintana na ho sake to avAntara kathAoM meM isakA samAveza karanA caahie|' bhojadeva kA abhimata hai 'ina sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza karanA kaThina hai / kintu yadi kavi kAla kA varNana kara detA hai to deza kA varNana karanA utanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / kAlavarNana Avazyaka hai / amaracandra ne SaTRtuoM kA varNana aura anya varNana vistAra se karane kA sUcana kiyA hai / rudraTa aura vizvanAtha kA mAnanA hai atiprAkRtika aura alaukika tattvoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / mahAkAvya kA Arambha kisa prakAra karanA cAhie isa sambandha meM bhAmaha aura bhojadeva ne kucha bhI prakAza nahIM DAlA hai / daNDI kA mantavya hai - mahAkAvya meM AzIvacana, namaskAra, vastunirdezana Adi honA cAhie / vAgbhaTa, hemacandra aura vizvanAtha isake sAtha hI khala-nindA aura sajjana prazaMsA bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiM / mahAkAvya ke upasaMhAra ke sambandha meM anya sabhI AcArya mauna rahe haiM kintu rudraTa aura hemacandra ne likhA hai ki kavi ko apanA uddezya prakaTa karanA cAhie, apane ArAdhya deva kA bhI smaraNa karanA cAhie tathA maMgalaprada zabdoM kA prayoga honA cAhie / rudraTa kA mAnanA hai 'anta meM nAyaka kA abhyudaya dikhAnA cAhie / ' sarga samApti ke sambandha meM vizvanAtha kA kahanA hai ki anta meM agale sarga kI sUcanA denI cAhie / vAgbhaTa kA mAnanA hai - pratyeka sarga ke antima pada meM kavi dvArA abhipreta zabda, 'zrI', 'lakSmI' Adi kA prayoga honA caahie| nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM vizvanAtha kA mAnanA hai ki kathAvastu yA caritranAyaka ke nAma para honA cAhie / daNDI, bhoja, vAgbhaTa aura hemacandra ke anusAra nAyaka catura aura udAtta honA cAhie / bhAmaha kI dRSTi se nAyaka kulIna, vIra aura vidvAna ho / vizvanAtha kI dRSTi se nAyaka dhIrodAtta guNoM se yukta, ucca kula meM utpanna kSatriya honA caahie| rudra kA mantavya hai ki mahAkAvya meM nAyaka ke samAna pratinAyaka bhI Avazyaka hai jo nAyaka kI kodhAgni ko bhar3akA sake / pratinAyaka ke atirikta bhAmaha, daNDI, rudraTa, vAgbhaTa, hemacandra aura vizvanAtha kA mAnanA hai ki mantrI, dUta, sainika, kumAra, kumArapatnI, rAjakanyA Adi bhI Avazyaka haiN| mahAkAvya meM navoM rasoM ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / vizvanAtha kA mAnanA hai ki zRMgAra, vIra aura zAnta meM se koI eka rasa pramukha honA cAhie, anya gauNa | sabhI AcAryoM ne rasa ke sAtha alaMkAra bhI

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78 [ cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] Avazyaka mAne haiM / kitane hI vijJa apanI vidvattA pradarzita karane ke lie alaMkAroM kA pradarzana karate the| isalie rudraTa, vAgbhaTa aura vizvanAtha kA mantavya thA ki alaMkAra Avazyaka to haiM kintu anivArya nhiiN| mahAkAvya kA chandobaddha honA Avazyaka hai| daNDI kA mAnanA hai-mahAkAvya' kA chanda atyanta zrutimadhura honA cAhie aura sarga ke anta meM bhinna chanda kA prayoga honA cAhie / AcArya hemacandra kA mantavya hai-artha ke anukUla chanda kA prayoga honA cAhie / yadi samasta kAmya meM eka chanda bhI ho to etarAja nahIM hai / vizvanAtha aura daNDI yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki eka hI sarga meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga bhI ho sakatA hai| mahAkAvya meM prasaMga ke anusAra mAdhurya, prasAda aura oja guNavAlI bhASA kA prayoga honA cAhie / bhAmaha kA mAnanA hai-mahAkAvya meM sAhityika bhASA apekSita hai / usameM grAmya zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM honA caahie| daNDI aura hemacandra kI dRSTi se bhASA sarala, sarasa aura vodhagamya honI caahie| rati ke prakarSa ke lie komalakAnta padAvalI kA prayoga ho| utsAha ke prakarSa ke lie praur3ha aura krodha ke lie kaThora zabdoM kA prayoga Avazyaka hai / kavi ko bhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra honA cAhie jisase vaha apane mantavya ko sAdhikAra vyakta kara ske| vizvanAtha ke atirikta sabhI AcAryoM ne dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM kI upalabdhi mahAkAvya kA uddezya mAnA hai / vizvanAtha kisI eka puruSArtha ko bhI mahAkAvya kA uddezya mAnate haiM / bhAratIya mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne jisa prakAra mahAkAvya ke bAre meM cintana kiyA hai| usI taraha pAzcAtya vijJoM ne bhI usa para cintana kiyA hai / lArDa kemsa ke anusAra vIratApUrNa kAryoM kA udAtta zailI meM varNana mahAkAvya hai| lavassa (pheca. vidvAn) ke anusAra mahAkAvya aisA rUpaka hai jisameM prAcIna mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA varNana padyabaddha rUpa se kiyA jAya / hAbsa kI dRSTi se vIratApUrNa samAkhyAnAtmaka kavitA mahAkAvya hai / laiphakaiDiyo harna' kA mantavya hai ki mahAkAvya saMpUrNa jAti ke AdarzoM kI padyabaddha abhivyakti karane vAlA kAvya hai| viliyama roja beniTa', 1 M. Dixon, English Epic & Heroic Poetry, Page 18. 2 Ibid, Page 2. 8 Ibid, Page 22. hindI mahAkAvya evaM mahAkAvyakAra, le0 zrI rAmacaraNa mahendra pR0 14 se uddha ta / 5_Mr. William Rose Benit "The Reader's Encylopedia" Page 345.

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta zvetAmbara sAhityakAra | 66 kazmIra vijaya kara jaba lauTA, to aneka AcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM kA usane sammAna kiyA / unameM eka samayasundarajI bhI the / unheM vAcaka para pradAna kiyA gyaa| inhoMne vi0 saM0 1686 I0 san 1626 meM 'gAthA sahasrI' grantha kA saMgraha kiyaa| isa grantha para eka TippaNa bhI hai, para usake kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| isameM AcArya ke chattIsa guNa, sAdhuoM ke guNa, jinakalpika ke upakaraNa, yati dinacaryA, sAr3he paccIsa Arya deza, dhyAtA kA svarUpa, prANAyAma, battIsa prakAra ke nATaka, solaha zRgAra, zakuna aura jyotiSa Adi viSayoM kA sundara saMgraha hai| mahAnizItha, vyavahArabhASya, puSpamAlA vRtti Adi ke sAtha hI mahAbhArata, manusmRti, Adi saMskRta ke granthoM se bhI yahA~ para zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| Thakkura pherU Thakkura pherU rAjasthAna ke kanANA ke nivAsI zvetAmbara zrAvaka the / inakA samaya vikrama kI 14vIM zatI hai| ye zrImAla vaMza ke dhoMdhiyA [dhaMdhakula gotrIya zreSThI kAlima yA kalaza ke putra the| inakI sarvaprathama racanA yugapradhAna catuSpAdikA hai, jo saMvat 1347 meM vAcanAcArya rAjazekhara ke samIpa apane nivAsasthAna kannANA meM banAI thii| unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM ke anta meM apane Apako 'parama jaina' aura 'jiNaMdapaya bhatto' likha kara apanA kaTTara jainatva batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / 'ratna parIkSA meM apane putra kA nAma 'hemapAla' likhA hai / jisake lie prastuta grantha kI racanA kI gayI hai / inake bhAI kA nAma jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| dillIpati sultAna alAuddIna khilajI ke rAjyAdhikArI yA maMtrImaNDala meM hone se inako bAda meM adhika samaya dillI rahanA par3A / inhoMne 'dravya parIkSA' dillI kI TakasAla ke anubhava ke AdhAra para likhI / gaNitasAra meM usa yuga kI rAjanIti para acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| gaNita praznAvalI se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki ye zAhI darabAra meM ucca padAsIna vyakti the| inakI sAta racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM, jo bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| inakA * sampAdana munizrI jinavijaya jI ne 'ratna parIkSAdi sapta grantha saMgraha' ke nAma se kiyA hai| yugapradhAna catuSpAdikA tatkAlIna lokabhASA va caupAI, chappaya meM racI gaI hai, aura zeSa sabhI racanAe~ prAkRta meM haiM / bhASA sarala va sarasa hai, usa para apabhraza kA prabhAva hai| jayasiMhamUri "dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa"2 jayasiMha sUri kI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai, jo gadya-padya mizrita hai / yaha grantha nAgora meM banAyA thaa| 1 prakAzaka-siMghI jaina granthamAlA-bambaI 3 prakAzaka-siMghI jaina granthamAlA-bambaI nAgaura-'jiNAyajjaNe samANiyaM vivaraNaM evaM' * dharmopadezamAlA, prazasti 26, pRSTha 230.

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80 | ciMtana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] jIvana kA varNana karane para bhI vAsanA kA virecana, prazama aura nirveda para adhika bala diyA gayA hai / bhoga para tyAga kI vijaya, rAga para virAga kI vijaya batAI gaI hai / caritra meM prema, vivAha, milana, yuddha, sainika abhiyAna, dIkSA, tapazcaraNa, vividha upasargoM para vijaya vaijayantI phaharAtA huA nAyaka AdhyAtmika utkrAMti kI ora Age bar3hatA hai / kAvya kA mUla udgama srota Agama, prAgaitihAsika va aitihAsika mahApuruSoM ke jIvana caritra aura aise viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-vRtta usameM hote haiM jo jana-jIvana ko nirmala preraNA pradAna karane vAle hote haiM / " AcArya haribhadra AcArya hemacandra AcArya malayagiri, AcArya siddhasena divAkara, upAdhyAya yazovijaya, samayasundara gaNI, AcArya akalaMka, AcArya samantabhadra, vidyAnanda prabhRti zatAdhika jaina manISiyoM ne saMskRta bhASA meM sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai / unake dvArA sahasrAdhika granthoM kA praNayana huA hai / Adhunika cintakoM ne usake sambandha meM zodha kArya bhI kiyA hai jisase saikar3oM jaina mahAkAvyoM kA, jo ajJAta the, unakA patA lagA hai / 1 Adhunika yuga meM saMskRta sAhitya kA utanA pracAra nahIM jitanA atIta kAla meM thA / saMskRta sAhitya kA adhyayana to hotA hai, kintu kAvyoM kA praNayana bahuta hI kama mAtrA meM ho rahA hai| kyoMki saMskRta bhASA - bhASiyoM kI saMkhyA alpatama hotI calI jA rahI hai / jaba janatA ko saMskRta bhASA kA parijJAna nahIM hai to kAvya kA Ananda unheM kisa prakAra A sakatA hai aura binA Ananda ke kAvya-sRjana ko protsAhana nahIM mila sakatA | jaba kavi ke antarmAnasa meM kAvya-nirmANa ke prati atyutkaTa jijJAsA hotI hai, tabhI kAvya kA praNayana hotA hai / zraddheya sadguruvarya rAjasthAna kesarI adhyAtmayogI upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI mahArAja kA zrImad-amarasUri kAvyam apane Apa meM eka anUThA kAvya hai / prastuta kAvya zraddheya guruvarya ne acAryasamrATa zrI amarasiMha jI mahArAja ke pavitra caritra ko lekara teraha sargoM meM likhA / isameM sragdharA, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantalikA prabhRti vividha chandoM kA upayoga huA hai aura sAtha hI rUpaka, vakrokti, upamA, utprekSA, anuprAsa Adi vividha alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai /

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santakavi AcArya zrI jayamallajI samAja ke vikAsa ke lie, kalyANa ke lie, samaya-samaya para kisI na kisI yugapuruSa kA janma hotA hai jo apane jIvana kI pavitratA, divyatA aura mahAnatA se jana-jIvana ko sahI dizA-darzana detA hai / vaha apane pavitra AcAra aura vicAra se andhavizvAsoM ko, andha-paramparAoM ko evaM dRr3hatApUrNa rUr3hivAda ko ukhAr3akara pheMka detA hai / jaba taka usake tana meM prANa-zakti hai, mana meM teja hai aura vANI meM auja hai, vahA~ taka vaha saMskRti ke nAma para panapane vAlI vikRti se lar3atA hai, dharma ke nAma para panapane vAle adharma se jUjhatA hai / vaha zUloM ke kaMTakAkIrNa mArga ko bhI phUloM kI zayyA samajhakara Age bar3hatA hai / jaga jItA hai bar3hane vAloM ne-yaha usake jIvana kA mUla-maMtra hai, mahAna Adarza hai / vaha zera kI taraha gambhIra garjana karatA huA Age bar3hatA hai| virodhI usake mArga meM bAdhaka banate haiM; kintu vaha apanI prakRSTa pratibhA aura sahiSNutA ke kAraNa unheM sAdhaka banA detA hai / virodhI virodha se vismRta hokara eka dina usake caraNoM meM natamastaka ho jAte haiM aura ve usakA anukaraNa va anugamana karane lagate haiM, kyoMki usake vicAroM meM yuga ke vicAra jhaMkRta hote haiM, usakI vANI meM yuga kI vANI mukharita hotI hai / usake AcaraNa meM yuga kA AcaraNa kriyAzIla hotA hai| usakA socanA, bolanA aura karanA svahitAya ke sAtha hI sarvajanahitAya, sarvajanasukhAya hotA hai / vaha apamAna ke jahara ke pyAle ko svayaM pIkara dUsaroM ko sammAna kA amRta bA~TatA hai / kavi dinakara ke zabdoM meM yugapuruSa kI paribhASA yaha hai saba kI pIr3A ke sAtha vyathA, apane mana kI jo jor3a sake / mur3a sake jahA~ taka samaya use nirdiSTa dizA meM mor3a sake / yuga puruSa vahI sAre samAja kA nihita dharma guru hotA hai| saba ke mana kA jo aMdhakAra apane prakAza se dhotA hai /

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82 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] yaha pUrNa satya-tathya hai ki yugapuruSa banAyA nahIM jAtA, svayaM hI bana jAtA hai| yugapuruSa apane yuga kA prabala pratinidhitva karatA hai / yuga kI janatA ko sahI dizA meM gati karane kI preraNA detA hai / bhUle-bhaTake jIvana ke rAhiyoM ko patha pradarzana karatA hai aura unako yaha AgAha karatA hai ki terA mArga yaha nahIM hai jisa para tU mustaidI se kadama bar3hA rahA hai, aMdha-zraddhA se prerita hokara calA jA rahA hai, jarA saMbhala, viveka ke vimala prakAza meM cala / isa prakAra vaha apane yuga kI bhAvuka janatA ko-zraddhAlu bhaktoM ko zraddhA, bhakti aura arpaNa kA punIta pATha par3hAtA hai| satyaM zivaM sundaram se unake jIvana ko camakAtA hai| ___ AcArya pravara parama zraddhaya jayamallajI mahArAja ko maiM eka nizcita artha meM yugapuruSa mAnatA huuN| jo yugapuruSa hotA hai vaha yugadRSTA bhI hotA hai| jIvana kA vyApaka aura udAra dRSTikoNa hI yugapuruSa aura yugadRSTA kI saccI kasauTI hai| isa kasauTI para jaba hama AcArya pravara ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva ko kasate haiM to vaha pUrNa rUpa se kharA utaratA hai / ve eka bahumukhI pratibhAsampanna AcArya the, jinhoMne jana-jIvana ko nayA vicAra, nayI vANI aura nayA karma diyA, bhoga mArga se haTAkara yoga mArga kI ora bar3hane se utprerita kiyaa| jana-jana ke mana se ajJAna-aMdhakAra ko haTAkara jJAna kI divya jyoti jgaayii| __ AcArya pravara kA janma vikrama saMvat 1765 bhAdavA sudI 13 ko jodhapura rAjyAntargata lAmbiyA gAMva meM huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma mohanadAsajI aura mAtA kA nAma mahimAdevI thaa| ye samadar3iyA mahatA gotrIya bIsA osavAla the / inake pitA kAmadAra the / inake jyeSTha bhrAtA kA nAma rIDamalajI thA / inakA bAlyakAla sukhada aura zAnta thA / mAtA kA vAtsalya, pitA kA sneha aura apane jyeSTha bhrAtA kA prema inheM khUba milaa| inakI tejasvitA, buddhi kI vilakSaNatA se grAma ke anya loga bhI inakI atyadhika prazaMsA karate the / sahRdayatA, niyamabaddhatA, paraduHkhakAtaratA, saralatA aura saujanyatA Adi aise viziSTa guNa the jinake kAraNa ye sabhI ke vizeSa rUpa se Adara-pAtra the| bAlyakAla meM ve apane hamajolI saMgI-sAthiyoM ke sAtha khelate-kUdate bhI the, nAcate-gAte bhI the, ha~sate-ha~sAte bhI the, rUThate-macalate bhI the| isa prakAra bAlya-sulabha sabhI kArya karane para bhI unake svabhAva kI gambhIratA, cintana kI mahAnatA Adi pratyeka kArya meM jhalaka par3atI thii| unakI vairAgya bhAvanA sahaja sphUrta thii| ____ bAIsa varSa kI avasthA meM mAtA-pitA ke sneha bhare Agraha ko sammAna dekara rIyAM ke zivakaraNa jI mUthA kI suputrI lakSmIdevI ke sAtha pANigrahaNa kiyA aura vyApArI banakara vyApAra kSetra meM utare, kintu vaha unake jIvana kA lakSya nahIM thaa| unakA mana kA paMchI usameM rama nahIM rahA thaa| vaha to sAdhanA ke ananta gagana meM vicaraNa karanA cAhatA thaa| saMyoga se apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha vyApAra hetu, meDatA

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santakavi AcAryazrI jayamallajI | 83 gye| vahAM para bAjAra banda dekhA / AcArya bhUdhara jI mahArAja kI sevA meM upasthita hue / unake vairAgya se chalachalAte hue pAvana pravacana ko zravaNa kara mana meM vairAgya bhAvanA aThakheliyA~ karane lgii| usI kSaNa AjIvana brahmacarya vrata svIkAra kara eka mahAn sAdhaka kA Adarza upasthita kiyA / brahmacarya vrata grahaNa kara lene mAtra se hI unheM santoSa kahA~ thA ? ve to eka viziSTa adhyAtma yogI bananA cAhate the, parantu usake lie bAdhaka thI mAM kI mamatA, pitA kA pyAra aura navapariNItA kA apAra sneha / kintu koI bhI unheM apane lakSya se vicalita na kara skaa| kyA kabhI gajarAja kamalanAla ke komala tantuoM se baMdhA hai ? eka ora patnI dvirAgamana kI apalaka pratIkSA kara rahI thI, mana meM raMga-biraMge sapane saMjo rahI thI, kintu dUsarI ora AcAryazrI ke pravacana se pati ziva sundarI ko varaNa karane ke lie, zramaNa bana jAtA hai aura aisA Adarza zramaNa banatA hai ki jisakI tulanA anya sAdhAraNa zramaNoM se nahIM kI jA sakatI / zramaNa banate hI solaha varSa taka nirantara ekAntara tapa kA AcaraNa kiyaa| jisameM eka dina kA upavAsa aura eka dina kA AhAra grahaNa karane kA krama calatA rahA hai / yahA~ taka ki AcArya bhUdharajI ke svargArohaNa ke dina se lekara pacAsa varSa taka kabhI leTakara nahIM soye / kitanI gajaba kI thI unakI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA / Aja kA sAdhaka dhuA~dhAra pracAra to karanA cAhatA hai, para jIvana meM kriyA kA teja nahIM hai| binA tela kI battI batAiye, kaba taka prakAza de sakatI hai ? AcArahIna vicAra kalcara motI hai jisakI camaka aura damaka kRtrima aura asthAyI hai| ___ AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja kyA the ? jJAna aura kRti ke sundara samanvaya, 'vicAra meM AcAra aura AcAra meM vicaar'| ve the manovijetA ataH jagata vijetA bhI the / unhoMne sphaTika-sA nirmala aura samudra-sA agAdha jJAna pAyA thA, kintu kabhI bhI usakA ahaMkAra nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne mahAn tyAga kiyA, kintu kabhI bhI usa tyAga kA vijJApana nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne utkRSTa tapasyA kI, kintu kabhI bhI usakA pracAra nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne vairAgya kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kI kintu kabhI bhI usakA zoragula nahIM macAyA / kamala kaba kahatA hai ki sugandha lene ke lie mere pAsa Ao kintu bhaMvare to saurabha lene ke lie usa para umar3a-ghumar3a kara maMDarAte hI rahate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai samrATa se lekara hajAroM-hajAra vyakti unake guNoM para mugdha hote rahe aura unake anuyAyI banate rahe / jidhara se bhI nikale udhara bhakta varga taiyAra hotA rahA / zraddhaya jayamalla jI mahArAja kA mukhya vihAra sthala marudhara prAnta rahA hai, Aja aitihAsika prabala pramANoM se yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki marudharagharA kI puNya bhUmi meM sthAnakavAsI jaina dharma kA sarvaprathama pracAra AcArya samrATa zraddheya zrI amarasiMha jI mahArAja ne kiyA thaa| pUjyazrI dharmadAsa jI mahArAja kI zAkhA ke prajJAmUrti pUjyazrI dhanAjI mahArAja ne yaha sunA ki AcAryazrI amarasiMha

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84 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] "jI mahArAja ke prabala dharma pracAra se marudhara prAnta sulabhabodhi ho cukA hai taba ve apane ziSyoM sahita vahA~ padhAre / jodhapura, jAlora, khANDapa, padarAr3A, pIpAr3a prabhRti sthala ke prAcIna hastalikhita bhaNDAroM ko dekhane kA avasara ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ko milA hai / una bhaNDAroM se jIrNa-zIrNa avasthA meM aneka prAcIna patra upalabdha hue haiM jinameM sthAnakavAsI samAja ke itihAsa kI anamola sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai / parama zraddheya upAdhyAya rAjasthAna kesarI adhyAtmayogI gurudeva zrI puSkaramuni mahArAja ke pAsa eka prAcIna patra hai jisameM AcArya zrI amarasiMha jI mahArAja kA aura AcArya zrI jayamalla jI mahArAja kA pArasparika atyanta madhura sambandha thA, isakA ullekha hai / ve aneka bAra aneka sthaloM para eka dUsare se mile haiN| pArasparika ekatA ke lie unhoMne aneka niyamopaniyama bhI banAye haiM / usa panne meM donoM mahApuruSoM ke hastAkSara bhI haiN| maiM samajhatA hU~ una mahApuruSoM ne jo sneha kA, sadbhAvanA kA bIja vapana kiyA vaha Aja bhI pallavita, puSpita hai / AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja ne satata jAgarUkatA evaM ugra sAdhanA se na kevala apane akhaNDa jyotirmaya AtmasvarUpa kA vikAsa hI kiyA, kintu AtmavikAsI upadeza evaM kAvya racanA dvArA sAhitya kI jo zrIvRddhi kI vaha apUrva hai, anUThI hai / hindI sAhitya kI dRSTi se AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja rItikAla meM hue haiM jisa yuga meM kavi gaNa vilAsa, vaibhava evaM sAmAjika jIvana ko mahatva dekara pArthiva saundarya kA udghATana kara rahe the; kintu Apa usa rItikAla kI baMdhI baMdhAI sar3aka para nahIM cale / unhoMne rItikAlIna uddAma bAsanAtmaka zRMgAra dhArA ko bhaktikAlIna prazAnta sAdhanAtmaka dhArA kI ora modd'aa| rItikAla ke prasiddha kavi padmAkara bhI Apake hI samakAlIna the, jo-"naina nacAya kahyo musakAya, lalA phira Aiyo khalana holI" kA nimantraNa de rahe the| kavivara nAgaradAsa aura hitavRndAvana lAla bhI isI prakAra zrI kRSNa aura rAdhA kA zRMgArika citraNa kara rahe the / dUsarI ora ThAkura aura bodhA vizuddha aura sAtvika prema kA nirupaNa kara rahe the / kavivara giridhara bhI nIti kA upadeza dene ke lie kuMDaliyA~ banA rahe the| idhara zramaNa saMskRti ke jagamagAte nakSatra AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja antaHstha saundarya ko nikhArane ke lie, tIrthaMkara, viharamAna, satiyA~ aura vratIya zrAvakoM ke guNoM kA utkIrtana kara rahe the| yahA~ para yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki rItikAla ke prAyaH sabhI kavi kisI na kisI ke Azrita rahe haiM / apane AzrayadAtAoM ko prasanna karane hetu ve vikAra varddhaka zRMgArika citraNa karate the| kintu AcAryazrI jayamalla jI kisI ke bhI Azrita kavi nahIM the| kisI ko prasanna karanA unakI kAvya racanA kA uddezya nahIM thaa| ve to svantaH sukhAya racanA karate the / ataH unake kAvya meM vilAsa

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santakavi AcAryazrI jayamallajI 85 bhAvanAoM kA pUrNa abhAva hai| rItikAla kA kavi kAvya racanA ke sAtha hI kAvyagata siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNa kara AcArya banatA thaa| kintu AcArya jayamalla jI mahArAja ne lakSaNa zAstra kA nirmANa kara AcAryapada prApta nahIM kiyA, apitu AcAra dharma kA pAlana kara ve AcArya bane / unakA vyaktitva usa yuga ke kaviyoM se sarvathA pRthaka hai| sUradAsa ke kAvya meM saundarya kI pradhAnatA hai / tulasIdAsa ke kAvya meM zakti kI pratiSThA hai| bihArI Adi ke kAvya meM zRgAra kI pradhAnatA hai / bhUSaNa Adi ke kAvya meM vIratva kA nirUpaNa hai / vahA~ AcArya jayamalla jI ma0 ke kAvya meM zIla kA vizleSaNa hai| zIla kA varNana kara unhoMne usa yuga ke rASTrIya caritra ko ucca dharAtala para pratiSThita kiyaa| unake kAvya meM adhyAtmavAda kI pradhAnatA hai, tadapi usameM jIvana ke hara pahaluoM kI vyAkhyA bhI bar3e rocaka DhaMga se milatI hai / ___AcAryazrI jayamalla jI ma0 kI upalabdha kucha racanAoM kA saMkalana-Akalana jayavANI grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| jo (1) stuti (2) sajjhAya (3) upadezIya pada (4) caritra-carcA dohAvalI ke rUpa meM cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| unake atirikta pUjyazrI jayamala jJAna bhaNDAra pIpAr3a aura zrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra japuyara se aneka prakAzita racanAe~ prApta huI haiM aura bhI bhaNDAroM kI anveSaNA-gaveSaNA karane se bahuta sI racanAoM ke milane kI AzA hai / ataH vidvAnoM ko idhara prayAsa karanA cAhie / astu / jaina Agama sAhitya dravyAnuyoga, gaNitAnayoga, dharmakathAnuyoga aura caraNa karaNAnuyoga ke rUpa meM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| AcAryazrI jayamalla jI ma0 ne dravyAnuyoga ke sambandha meM svatantra na likhakara kathA ke mAdhyama se yatra-tatra usakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| samyaktva, guNasthAna, daNDaka, pApa, karma aura mokSa Adi ke sambandha meM unakI sphuTa racanAe~ bhI milatI haiM / caraNa karaNAnayoga ke sambandha meM kavi ne aneka racanAe~ banAI haiN| sajjhAya stavana, caubIsI Adi / dharma kathAnuyoga to AcAryazrI ko atyadhika priya rahA hai / kathAoM ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika, sAmAjika, dArzanika Adi bAtoM kA jitanA sundara citraNa ho sakatA hai utanA anya mAdhyama se nahIM / kahAnI hI vizva ke sarvotkRSTa kAvya kI jananI hai| kathA ke prati mAnava kA sahaja AkarSaNa hai| usameM jIvana kI madhurimA abhivyaMjita hotI hai / AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja ne mahAkAvya kI racanA nahIM kI hai| kathAoM kI racanA meM itivRtta kI pramukhatA hai| unhoMne apane kathA-kAvya ko adhyAya aura sargoM meM vibhakta na kara DhAloM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| Agamika kathAoM ko hI unhoMne apane kAvya meM pramukhatA dI hai / kAvya kathA ke mukhya pAtra prAyaH rAjagharAne ke, sAmanta va zreSThIjana haiM jo moha pAza ke bandhana ko tor3akara sAdhanA ke mahAmArga para

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86 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] bar3hate haiM / bar3hate samaya aneka pariSaha Ate haiM, para jo pariSahoM ko jItakara vIra yoddhA kI taraha Age bar3hatA hai vahI apane antima lakSya mokSa ko prApta karatA hai / karmavAda jaina darzana kI AdhArazilA hai / karmavAda kA prarUpaNa karane ke lie pUrva janma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM jo sukha duHkha upalabdha hote haiM usakA mukhya kAraNa karma hI hai / karma ke kAraNa hI pratinAyaka banakara nAyaka se badalA letA hai / para nAyaka kSamA kA vaha Adarza upasthita karatA hai jisake kAraNa bhava paramparA kA anta ho jAtA hai | AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja zramaNa saMskRti ke santa haiM / ataH unake kAvya meM laukika sukha kI pramukhatA nahIM / kintu adhyAtmika Ananda kI pramukhatA hai / unhoMne saMsAra ke aizvarya kA nahIM, kintu saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA varNana bar3A hI sundara kiyA hai / bhRgu purohita ke caritra meM mahArAnI kamalAvatI samrATa se kahatI hai"rAjan ! ratnajar3ita piMjar3e meM tote ko Apa bhale hI banda kara deM, parantu vaha use bandhana hI samajhatA hai / rahane ko bar3hiyA sthAna hai, khAne ko pakavAna hai aura pIne ko dUdha hai para svatantratA kA Ananda vahA~ kahA~ hai ? yahI sthiti merI bhI hai / ye virATa rAjamahala, bhautika vaibhava mere lie bandhana svarUpa haiM, eka kSaNa ke lie bhI mujhe inameM Ananda kI upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai-- kareMge " ratna jar3ita ho rAjAjI piMjaro, suvo to jANe hai phaMda | isI paNa hU~, thAMrAM rAja meM rati na pAU~ AnaMda || " Ananda tabhI milegA jaba hama karma bandhana ko tor3akara saMyama ko grahaNa ApaNe vana meM sukhe jAya / "hastI jima bandhana tor3ane, yU~ karmabandhana tor3I saMjama grahA~, hosyAM jyUM sukhI mugata mAMya // " saMyama kA mArga koI sarala mArga nahIM hai, vaha kaMTakAkIrNa patha hai / usapara calanA kitanA kaThina hai / dekhiye AcAryazrI jayamalja jI mahArAja ne zramaNa jIvana kI kaThora caryA kA kitanA sajIva varNana kiyA hai 1 "munivara moTA, aNagAra karatA ugra vihAra, par3a rahI tAvaDe rI bhoTa, tirasA sUM sUkhA hoTa / kaThina pariso sAdhano e // tAlave koI nahIM thUka, jIbha gaI jyAMrI sUkha, hoTo re AI kharapaTI e //

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santakavi AcAryazrI jayamallajI | 87 bhagavAn neminAtha pANigrahaNa ke lie jAte haiM / usa samaya bandI pazuoM ke karuNa-krandana ko zravaNa kara unakA hRdaya karuNA se AplAvita ho jAtA hai| unake hRdtantrI ke sukumAra tAra jhanajhanA uThate haiM 'paraNI jaNa meM pApaja moTo, jIva hiMsA se sahaja khotto| e to dIse paratakha toTo, to leU dayA ro oTo / / " bha0 nemIzvara usI kSaNa bandI pazuoM ko mukta kara svayaM zramaNa banane kI taiyArI karate haiM / mukta pazuoM ke antara hRdaya se AzIrvacana nikalate haiM "gagana jAtAM jIva deve AsIsa ke, pazu ne paMkhiyA jgdiish| . jAdava hive ciraMjIva ho, balihArI tuma bApa ne mAya ke // putra ratana jina janamiyo, svAmI the sAriyA, amha taNA kAja ke| tIna bhavana ro pAyajo rAja ke, zIla akhaNDita pAlajo // " AcAryazrI jayamalla jI ma0 ke kAvya meM vairAgya-rasa kI pradhAnatA hone para bhI zRMgAra rasa ke saMyoga-viyoga kA sundara citraNa unake kAvya meM huA hai| saMyoga kA citraNa saMyama lene ke pUrva nAyaka sAMsArika viSayoM meM Asakta hotA hai-usa samaya "candra vadana mRga-loyaNI jI, capala locanI bAla / harI laMkI mRdu bhASiNIjI, indrApI-sI rUpa rasAla / prItavatI mukha Agale jI, mulakaMtI mohana bela / caturAMnA mana mohatI jI, haMsa-gamaNI sUM karatA bahukela / / bhagavAn ariSTanemi saMyama grahaNa kara lete haiN| rAjamatI unakI apalaka pratIkSA kara rahI hai / unake darzana ke lie usakI A~kheM tarasa rahI haiM / vaha priya darzana ke lie Atura hai| vaha apanI priya sakhiyoM ko unakA patra lAne aura upAlaMbha bhejane ke lie kahatI hai tarasata akhiyAM huI dra ma-pakhiyA~, jAya milo pivasU sakhiyAM / yadunAtha jI re hAtha rI lyAve koI patiyA~, nemanAthajI-dInAnAtha jii|" rAjamatI apane priyatama ko upAlaMbha detI hai ki tuma mujhe chor3akara sAdhu kyoM bana gaye / vaha apanI dAsiyoM se kahatI hai ki tuma yadi unakA sandeza lAogI to maiM tumheM vividha AbhUSaNoM se lAda dUMgI "jAkU dUMgI jarAvaro gajaro, kAnana kU cUnI motiyA / aMgurI kU mUMdar3I, or3hana kU phamar3I, peraNa ku~ rezamI dhotiyaa||"

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88 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] priyatama ke abhAva meM mahala bhI jela ke samAna hai aura cAru candra kI caMcala kiraNeM bhI tana ko dagdha karane vAlI haiM "mahala aTArI, bhae kaTArI, caMda-kiraNa tanUM dAjhatiyA // " isa prakAra jaya-kAvya meM viraha ke rasIle citra haiM / rAjamatI anta meM sAdhikA banakara apane jIvana ko parama pavitra banAtI hai| zRMgAra-rasa zAntarasa kI pIThikA banakara upasthita huA hai| vAtsalya rasa kA aMkana bhI atyanta sajIva huA hai / mAtA devakI kA mAtRhRdaya apane pyAre putroM ko nihAra kara kisa prakAra barasatI nadI kI taraha umar3atA hai / dekhiye kavi ne likhA hai "taDAka se tUTI kasa kaMcU taNI re, bhaNa re to chuTI dudhadhAra re / hivaDA mAhe harSa mAve nahIM re, jANe ke miliyo mujha karatAra re // roma-roma vikasyAM, tana-mana alasyAM re, nayaNe to chUTI A~sU dhAra re| biliyA to bA~hA mAhe mAve nahIM re, jANe tUTyoM motyAM ro hAra re / / viyoga vAtsalya kA varNana bhI darzanIya hai| mAtA devakI ke sAta-sAta putra hue, para usane kisI kA bhI lAr3a-pyAra nahIM kiyA, khilAyA pilAyA nahIM, etadartha usakA mAtR hRdaya pazcAtApa kI Aga meM jhulasa rahA hai / apane AMkhoM ke tAre, nayanoM ke sitAre zrIkRSNa se kahatI hai 'jAyA maiM tuma sarikhA kanhaiyA, ekaNa nAle sAta re| ekaNa ne hularAyo nahIM kanhaiyA, goda na khilAyo khaNa mAta re|| rovato maiM rAkhyo nahIM kanhaiyA, pAlaNiye paur3Aya re / ___ hAlariyo devA taNI, kanhaiyA, mhAre haMsa rahI mana mAMya re|" viyoga vAtsalya kA aisA spaSTa citra mahAkavi sUra ke kAvya meM bhI nahIM A sakatA hai| mAM devakI apane pyAre lAla gajasukumAra se kisa prakAra pyAra karatI hai ? usakI kilakAriyoM para vaha jhUma uThatI hai| use kisa prakAra khilAtI-pilAtI hai, vastra Adi pahanAtI hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhiye "jI ho AMkhaDalI aMjAvaTI, lAla bhAla karAvaNa canda / jI ho gAlA TIkI sAMvalI, lAlA, AliMgana Ananda // jI ho paga mAMDaNa grahI aMgulI, lAlA, Thumaka Thumaka rI cAla / jI ho bolaNa bhASA totalI, lAlA, rijhAvaNa atikhyAla //

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santakavi AcAryazrI jayamallajI | 86 jI ho dahI roTI jimAvaNo, lAlA aru cabAvaNa taMbola / jI ho sukha su mukha meM dirIjaMtA, lAlA lIlA adhara amola // " isa prakAra ApakI racanAoM meM vIra, raudra, karuNa aura zAntarasa kA varNana bhI yathAsthAna AyA hai| hAsya aura vyaMgya ke manorama prasaMga bhI dila ko lubhAne vAle haiN| mAnava pApa kRtya karate samaya pramudita hotA hai, para jisa samaya pApa kA phala prApta hotA hai usa samaya vaha kisa prakAra karuNa-krandana karatA hai| nArakIya jIva kisa taraha kaSTa bhogate haiM, usase vaha bacanA cAhatA hai, para baca nahIM pAtA hai "susADA karaMtA re, sura zeSa dharatA re, daza dina kA bhUkhA re, khAvaNa ne DhUkA re| kUkAre pADe-kahe deva chor3Avajo re // sAMbhala bahu AyA re, dor3I ne thAyA re, dA~toM sUM kATe re, bera AgalA bADhe re / kuNa kAr3he-e nara balavaMta iso re // " puNya aura pApa ke phala saMsAra meM pratyakSa dRSTigocara hote haiM, usake lie Agama Adi pramANoM kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| puNyavAnI kI prabalatA se jIva sukha ke sAgara para tairatA hai aura pApa kI adhikatA se duHkhAgni meM jhulasatA hai / dekhiye kavi ne likhA hai- / "eka car3he che pAlakhI re bohalA cAle cha jI lAra / ekaNa re sira poTalI jI, pagAM nahIM peMjAra re, re prANI pApa puNya phala joya / / eka-eka mAnava ehavA jI, roga soga nahIM thAya / ekIkoM kA DIla ko jI Tasako kade na jAya / / eka-eka battI se aMga bhaNyA jI, kahe ThAmoM jI ThAma / ekaNa ke pUrA nahIM caDhe jI, chakAyA~ kA nAma re // " kavi sAMsArika prANiyoM ko udbodhana detA huA kahatA hai ki tuma pApa kyoM bAMdhate ho / pApa kA phala tumheM svayaM ko bhoganA pdd'egaa| 'kuTumba kAraNa karma bA~dhane, paDiyo narakAM meM jAya / ekalar3o duHkha bhogave kuNa lyAve chur3Aya / " AcAryazrI jayamalla jI ma0 prathama sAdhaka aura bAda meM kavi haiM / yahI

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90 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] kAraNa hai ki unake kAvya meM kArIgarI aura kalAbAjI nahIM, hRdaya kI niSkapaTa abhivyakti hai| alaMkAroM kA prayoga avazya huA hai kintu camatkAra pradarzana ke lie nahIM, bhAvoM kI spaSTa abhivyakti ke lie / sAdRzya mUlaka alaMkAroM kA prayoga hI vizeSa rUpa se huA hai| unameM bhI upamA aura rUpaka alaMkAra ke prati kavi kA vizeSa AkarSaNa hai / usameM upamAoM kA cunAva bar3I sajagatA se kiyA hai| usameM unakI painI dRSTi nihArI jA sakatI hai / dekhie katipaya udAharaNa haiM (1) Ayu ghaTatI jAya che, jima aMjalI no paannii|' (2) nema kaMvara ratha baiThAM chAje graha nakSatra meM jima candra virAje // (3) athira ja jANo re thAroM Aukho jiyama pAko pIpala pAna // (4) cAra gatinAM re duHkha kahyA jIve anaMti-anaMti vAra lahyA, pacI rahyo jima tela bar3o zrI zanti jinezvara zAnti kro| (5) kAla khar3o thAre bAraNe jima toraNa Ayo bInda // jaya kAvya meM rUpaka kA prayoga bhI draSTavya hai| mukhya rUpa se kavi ne sAMga rUpaka kA prayoga diyA hai| kSamA-gar3ha meM praviSTa hone ke lie dvAdaza bhAvanA rUpI nAla kI car3hAI ATha karma rUpI kivAr3oM ko tor3ane kA varNana kavi isa prakAra kara rahA hai 'mhAre kSamAgar3ha-mAMya, phojAM rahasI car3hI rI mAI, bAre bhede tapa taNI, coko khar3I / bAre bhAvanA nAla, car3hAU~ kAMgare-rI mAI, toDUM AThe karma, saphala kArya sare // " kavi AdhyAtmika dIvAlI kA varNana karatA huA kahatA hai ki kAyA kI havelI ko tapa se ujjvala karanA hai, kSamA ke khAje, vairAgya ke ghevara tathA upazama ke movaNa se motIcUra banAne haiM 'kAyA rUpI haveliyAM tapasyA karane rela / sUMsa barata kara mAMDaNo, vinaya bhAva vara vela / kSamA rUpa khAjA karo, vairAgya ghRtaja pUra / upazama mobaNa ghAlane, madavo motIcUra // " AtmA eka bAra karmoM se mukta ho jAtA hai to phira vaha kabhI karmabaddha nahIM hotA / kyoMki usa samaya karmabandha ke kAraNoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai| jaise bIja ke jala jAne para punaH aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI vaise hI karmarUpI bIja ke jala jAne para saMsAra rUpI aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI

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santakavi AcAryazrI jayamallajI | 61 prAdurbhavati nAGa kuraH / na rohati bhavAMkuraH / tatvArtha bhASyagata antima kArikA kA AcArya zrI jayamala jI ma0 ne apanI dagdhe bIje yathAtyantaM karma bIje tathA dagdhe, bhASA meM isa prakAra anuvAda kiyA hai 'dagdha bIja jima dharatI vhAyAM nahi mele a~kura jI / tima hIja siddha jI, janma-maraNa ro karadI utpatti dUra jI // " chanda vidhAna kI dRSTi se jaina kavi bar3e udAra rahe haiM / zAstrIya chandoM kI apekSA laukika chandoM meM vividha prayoga unhoMne bar3I dakSatA ke sAtha kiye haiM / AcAryazrI jayamalla jI ma0 ne dohA, soraTA, DhAla Adi meM apanI racanAeM likhI haiM | saMgIta tatva inakI kavitA kI eka vizeSatA hai| unakI sabhI racanAe~ geya haiN| dAloM ko bhI vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM meM likhA hai / AcAryazrI jayamalla jI ma0 kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai| usa para kavi kA pUrNa adhikAra hai | bhASA bhAvoM ke anukUla calatI hai / usameM pravAha hai, mAdhurya hai, oja hai, saralatA va sarasatA hai / usameM pAribhASika zabdoM kI bahulatA hai / vastutaH AcArya zrI jayamalla jI ma0 kI racanAe~ hindI sAhitya bhaNDAra kI anamola nidhi hai / ApakI bahumUlya samasta racanAe~ upalabdha hone para nizcaya hI bhAratIya sAhitya kI abhivRddhi hogI / braja, bhojapurI, avadhI, prabhRti bhASA ke sAhitya kI apekSA rAjasthAnI sAhitya adhika samRddha hai / kintu paritApa kA viSaya hai ki Aja bhI adhikAMza rAjasthAnI sAhitya abhI taka aprakAzita hai / bhaNDAroM kI cAra dIvAroM meM banda hone ke kAraNa vijJoM ke lie anupalabdha haiN| AzA hai AcArya zrI jayamalla jI mahArAja kA sampUrNa sAhitya unake uttarAdhikArI munivara zIghra hI prakAza meM lAyeMge to sAhitya kI mahAn sevA hogI / saMkSepa meM AcAryazrI jayamalla jI mahArAja kA vyaktitva jitanA madhura, AkarSaka evaM gaMbhIra thA kRtitva bhI utanA hI tejasvI, bahumukhI aura gaurava pUrNa thA / ( jayadhvaja kI prastAvanA se )

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sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka AdhyAtmika kavi zrI nemIcanda jI mahArAja santa sAhitya bhAratIya sAhitya kA jIvana-satva hai / sAdhanA ke amara-patha para nirantara pragati karate hue Atmabala ke dhanI santoM ne jisa satya ke darzana kiye use sahaja, sarala evaM bodhagamya vANI dvArA 'sarvajana sukhAya, sarvajana hitAya' abhivyakta kiyA / jIvana kAvya ke racayitA, AtmasaMgIta ke udgAtA, saMtoM ne apanI vimala vANI meM jo anamola vicAra ratna prastuta kiye haiM ve yuga-yuga taka mAnavoM ko antaszreyasa kI ora pratipala-pratikSaNa bar3hane kI pavitra preraNA dete raheMge / santoM ke vicAroM kI vaha amara jyoti jo hRdayasparzI padoM meM vyakta huI hai, vaha kabhI bhI bujha nahIM sktii| usakA zAzvata prakAza sadA jagamagAtA rahegA / unakI kAvya surasari kA pravAha kabhI sUkhegA nahIM, kintu bahatA hI rhegaa| jisakA sevana kara mAnava amaratva ko upalabdha kara sakatA hai| / kavivarya nemIcanda jI mahArAja eka krAntadRSTA, vicAraka saMta the / ve vikAroM va rUr3hiyoM se lar3e aura sthiti pAlakoM ke viruddha unhoMne krAnti kA zaMkha phUMkA, viparIta paristhitiyA~ unheM DigA nahIM sakI, aura virodha unheM apane lakSya se hilA nahIM sakA / ve meru aura himAdri kI taraha sadA sthira rahe, jo unake jIvana kI adbhuta sahiSNutA, nirbhIkatA aura spaSTavAditA kA pratIka hai / ve satya ko kaTa rUpa meM kahane meM bhI nahIM hicake yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI kavitA meM kabIra kA phakkar3apana hai, aura Anandaghana kI mastI hai tathA samayasundara kI svAbhAvikatA hai| sAtha hI unameM oja, teja aura saMvega hai / kavi banAye nahIM jAte kintu ve utpanna hote haiM / yadyapi kavivara nemIcanda jI mahArAja ne alaMkAra-zAstra, rIti grantha aura kavitva kA vidhivata zikSaNa prApta kiyA ho aisA jJAta nahIM hotaa| jaba hRdaya meM bhAvoM kI bAr3ha AyI aura ve bAhara nikalane ke lie chaTapaTAne lage taba sArapUrNa zabdoM kA sambala pAkara kavitA bana gyii| kavi para kAvya nahIM kintu kAvya para kavi chAyA hai unake kavitva meM vyaktitva aura vyaktitva meM kavitva isa taraha samAhita ho gayA hai, jaise jala aura taraMga ! unakI apanI zailI hai, laya hai, kampana hai aura saMgIta hai|

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sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka AdhyAtmika kavi zrInemIcanda jI mahArAja | 63 unakI kavitAoM meM kahIM kamanIya kalpanA kI UMcI ur3Ana hai, kahIM prakRti naTI kA sundara citraNa hai to kahIM zabdoM kI sukumAra lar3iyA~ aura kar3iyA~ haiM, bhakti va zAntarasa ke sAtha-sAtha kahIM para vIrarasa aura kahIM para karuNarasa pravAhita huA hai / yaha satya hai ki kavi kI sUkSma-kalpanA prakRti-citraNa karane kI apekSA mAnavIya bhAvoM kA Alekhana karane meM adhika sakSama rahI hai| kavi ke jIvana meM AdhyAtma kA alaukika teja nikhara rahA hai, usakI vANI tapaHpUta hai aura usameM saMgIta kI madhuratA bhI hai| kavivarya nemIcanda jI mahArAja eka vilakSaNa pratibhAsampanna santa the / ve Azukavi the, prakhara pravaktA the, Agama sAhitya, dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAn the aura sarala, sarasa lokapriya kAvya ke nirmAtA the| nemIcanda jI mahArAja kA lambA kada, zyAma varNa, vizAla bhavya bhAla, tejasvI netra, prasanna vadana, aura zveta paridhAna se Dhake hue rUpa ko dekhakara darzaka prathama darzana meM hI prabhAvita ho jAtA thaa| vaha jyoM-jyoM adhikAdhika munizrI ke samparka meM AtA, tyoM-tyoM use sahajatA, saralatA, niSkapaTatA, snehI svabhAva, udAtta cintana va AtmIyatA kI sahaja anubhUti hone lagatI hai / ApazrI kA janma vikrama saMvat 1625 meM Azvina zuklA caturdazI ko udayapura rAjya ke bagaDundA (mevAr3a) meM huaa| Apake pUjya pitAzrI kA nAma devI lAla jI lor3hA aura mAtA kA nAma kamalAdevI thaa| bacapana se hI ApakA jhukAva santa-satiyoM kI ora thA / prakRti kI unmukta goda meM khelanA jahAM unheM pasanda thA, vahA~ unheM santa-satiyoM ke pAvana upadeza ko sunanA bhI bahuta hI pasanda thA / AcArya samrATa pUjyazrI amarasiMhajI mahArAja ke chaThe paTTadhara AcAryazrI pUnamacanda jI ma0 eka bAra vihAra karate hue bagaDundA pdhaare| pUjyazrI ke tyAgavairAgyayukta pravacanoM ko sunakara ApazrI ke mana meM vairAgya bhAvanA ubuddha huI aura Apane dIkSA lene kI utkaTa bhAvanA apane parijanoM ke samakSa vyakta kI / kintu putraprema ke kAraNa unakI A~khoM se azru chalaka pdd'e| unhoMne aneka anukUla aura pratikUla parISaha dekara unake vairAgya kA parIkSaNa kiyA, kintu jaba vairAgya kA raMga dhuMdhalA na par3A taba vikrama samvat 1940 meM phAlguna zukla chaTha ko bagaDundA grAma meM AcArya pravara zrI pUnamacandajI mahArAja ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa meM asAdhAraNa medhA thii| apane vidyArthI jIvana meM ikatIsa hajAra padyoM ko kaNThastha kara apUrva pratibhA kA paricaya diyaa| AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, jambUdvIpa prajJapti, vipAka Adi aneka zAstra Apane kucha hI di noMmeM

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14 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2] kaNThastha kara liye aura saikar3oM thokar3e ( stoka ) bhI kaNThastha kiye | Apane aThANu bola kA bAsaThiyA eka muhUrta meM yAda kara sabhI ko vismita kara diyA / Apa Azukavi the, calate-phirate, vArtAlApa karate yA pravacana dete samaya jaba bhI icchA hotI taba Apa kavitA banA dete the / eka bAra Apa samadar3I gA~va meM virAja rahe the / poSa kA mahInA thA, bahuta hI teja sardI par3a rahI thI / rAtri meM sone ke lie eka choTA-sA kamarA milaa| chaha sAdhu usa kamare meM soye | asAvadhAnI se rajoharaNa kI daNDI para paira laga gayA, jisase vaha daNDI TUTa gayI / Apane usI samaya nimna dohA kahA - "orI mila gayI sAMkar3I, sAdhU sUtA khaTTa / nemIcanda rI DAMDI bhAgI, baTAka detA baTTa || " ApazrI ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gaNadhara caritra, rukmiNI maMgala, bhagavAn RSabhadeva, bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi para aneka khaNDakAvya aura mahAkAvya vibhinna chandoM meM banAye the kintu ApazrI unheM likhate nahIM the, jisake kAraNa Aja ve anupalabdha haiN| kyA hI acchA hotA yadi ve svayaM likhate yA anyoM se likhavAte to vaha bahumUlya sAhitya sAmagrI naSTa nahIM hotI / Apa pratyutpanna medhAvI the / jaTila se jaTila praznoM kA samAdhAna bhI zIghrAtizIghra kara dete the / ApazrI ke samAdhAna Agama va tarkasammata hote the / yahI kAraNa hai ki gogundA, paMcabhadrA, pAralU Adi aneka sthaloM para dayA dAna ke virodhI sampradAya vAle Apase zAstrArtha meM parAsta hote rahe / eka bAra AcArya pravara zrI pUnamacanda jI mahArAja gogundA virAja rahe the / usa samaya eka anya jaina sampradAya ke AcArya bhI yahA~ para Aye hue the / mArga meM donoM AcAryoM kA milApa ho gayA ! una AcArya ke eka ziSya ne AcAryazrI pUnama - canda jI mahArAja ke lie pUchA - "thAMne bhekha peharayAM ne kitarAka barasa huA hai ?" kavivarya nemIcanda jI mahArAja ne usa sAdhu ko bhASA samiti kA parijJAna karAne ke lie unake AcArya ke sambandha meM pUchA / "thAMne hA~ga pehar2yAM ne kitarAka barasa huA hai ?" yaha sunate hI vaha sAdhu cauMka par3A aura bolA - 'yoM kAMI bolo ho ?" Apane kahA - 'hama to sadA dUsaroM ke prati pUjya karate haiM, kintu Apane hamAre AcArya ke lie jina nikRSTa usI kA Apako parijJAna karAne hetu maiMne ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, / " sAdhu kA sira lajjA se jhuka gayA aura 'bhaviSya meM isa prakAra ke zabdoM kA hama prayoga nahIM kareMge' kaha kara usane kSamAyAcanA kI / ApazrI ke bar3e gurubhrAtA zrI jyeSThamala jI mahArAja the, jo eka adhyAtmayogI santa the / rAtri bhara khar3e raha kara dhyAna yoga kI sAdhanA karate the, jisase zabdoM kA hI prayoga zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA,

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sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka AdhyAtmika kavi zrInemIcanda jI mahArAja | 65 unakI vAcA siddha ho gayI thii| aura ve paMcama Are ke kevalI ke rUpa meM vizruta the / unake divya prabhAva se prabhAvita hokara ApazrI bhI dhyAnayoga kI sAdhanA kiyA karate the / dhyAnayoga kI sAdhanA se ApakA Atmateja itanA adhika bar3ha gayA thA ki bhayaprada sthAna meM bhI Apa pUrNa nirbhaya hokara sAdhanA karate the| eka bAra ApazrI kA cAturmAsa nimbAher3A (mevAr3a) meM thaa| vahAM para sAhar3oM kI eka chaha maMjila kI bhavya bilDiMga thii| usa havelI meM koI bhI nahIM rahatA thaa| mahArAja zrI ne logoM se pUchA-yaha havelI khAlI kyoM par3I hai isameM loga kyoM nahIM rahate haiM jabaki gA~va meM yaha sabase bar3hiyA havelI hai| logoM ne bhaya se kA~pate hue kahA-mahArAjazrI ! isa havelI meM bhUna kA nivAsa hai jo kisI ko bhI zAnti se rahane nahIM detA / mahArAjazrI ne kahA-yaha sthAna bahuta hI sAtAkArI hai| hama isI sthAna para varSAvAsa kareMge / logoM ne mahArAjazrI ko bhayabhIta karane ke lie aneka bAteM kahIM, kintu mahArAja zrI ne unakI bAtoM para dhyAna na dekara vahIM cAturmAsa kiyA / cAra mAha taka kisI ko kucha bhI nahIM huaa| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se bhUta kA bhaya miTa gyaa| __isI taraha kambola gAMva meM seTha manarUpajI lakSmIlAla jI solaMkI kA makAna bhayaprada mAnA jAtA thaa| vahA~ para bhI cAturmAsa kara usa sthAna ko bhayamukta kara diyaa| vi0 saM0 1956 meM nemIcanda jI mahArAja tirapAla padhAre, aura ApazrI ke upadeza se zrI pyAracanda jI bhairUlAla jI donoM bhrAtAoM ne bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura mAtA tIjAbAI ne tathA sohanakuMvarajI ne bhI mahAsatI rAmakuMvarajI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI / mahAsatI sohanakuMvarajI mahArAja bahuta hI bhAgyazAlI, pratibhA sampanna evaM caritra niSThA satI thiiN| __ ApazrI kI pravacana zailI atyadhika cittAkarSaka thI / Agama ke gahana rahasyoM ko jaba loka-bhASA meM prastuta karate the taba janatA jhUma uThatI thI / ApakI megha gambhIra garjanA ko sunakara zrotAgaNa cakita ho jAte the| rAtri ke pravacana kI AvAja zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM do mIla se adhika dUra taka pahu~catI thI / aura jaba zrIkRSNa ke pavitra caritra kA varNana karate, usa samaya kA dRzya apUrva hotA thaa| kavivarya nemIcanda jI mahArAja zreSTha kavi the / unakA udaya hamAre sAhityAkAza meM zAradIya candramA kI taraha huaa| unhoMne nirmala vyaktitva aura kRtitva kI zAradIya snigdha jyotsanA se sAhitya saMsAra ko Alokita kiyA tathA didiganta meM zubhra zItala prabhAva ko vikIrNa karate rhe| ve eka aise virale rasa siddha kaviyoM meM se the, jinhoMne eka hI sAtha ajJa aura vijJa, sAkSara-nirakSara sabhI ko samAna rUpa se prabhAvita kiyaa| unakI racanAoM meM jahAM para Atma-jAgaraNa kI svara laharI

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16 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] jhanajhanA rahI hai, vahA~ para mAnavatA kA nAda bhI mukharita hai| jana-jana ke mana meM AdhyAtmavAda ke nAma para nirAzA kA saMcAra karanA kavi ko iSTa nahIM hai, kintu vaha AzA aura ullAsa se karmaripu ko parAsta karane kI prabala preraNA detA hai| parAjitoM ko vijaya ke lie utprerita karatA hai| munizrI kI upalabdha sabhI racanAoM kA saMkalana "namavANI" ke rUpa meM maiMne kiyA hai / nemavANI kA pArAyaNa karate samaya pAThaka ko aisA anubhava hotA ki vaha eka aise vidya ta jyotita ucca aTTAlikA ke banda kamare meM baiThA huA hai, dama ghuTa rahA hai, ki sahasA usakA dvAra khula gayA hai aura puSpodyAna kA zItala manda samIra kA jhauMkA usameM A rahA hai, jisase usakA dila va dimAga taro-tAjA bana rahA hai / kabhI use gulAba kI mahaka kA anubhava hotA hai to kabhI campA kI sugandha kA ! kabhI ketakI kevar3e kI saurabha kA parijJAna hotA hai to kabhI jAI juhI kI mAdaka gandha kaa| prastuta kati kA nirmANa kAla, saMvat 1940 se 1675 ke madhya kA hai| usa yuga meM nirmita racanAoM ke sAtha Apake padyoM kI tulanA kI jAya to jJAta hogA ki Apake padyoM meM navInatA hai, maMjulatA hai, aura sAtha hI nayA zabda-vinyAsa bhI ! mukhyataH rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prayoga karane para bhI yatra-tatra vizuddha hindI va urdU zabdoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai / santa kavi hone ke nAte bhApA ke gaja se kavitA ko nApane kI apekSA bhAva se nApanA adhika upayukta hai| nemavANI kI racanAe~ do khaNDoM meM vibhakta haiN| prathama khaNDa meM vividha viSayoM para racita pada haiM, to dvitIya khaNDa meM caritra hai| prathama khaNDa meM jo gItikAe~ gaI haiM unameM kitanI hI gItikAe~ stutiparaka haiM / kavi kA bhAvuka bhakta hRdaya prabhu ke guNoM kA utkIrtana karatA huA aghAtA nahIM hai / vaha svayaM to jhuma-jhUma kara prabhu ke guNoM ko gA hI rahA hai, sAtha hI anya bhaktoM ko preraNA de rahA hai ki tuma bhI prabhu ke guNoM ko gaao| "navapada ko bhaviyaNa dhyAna dhro| yo panariyA yaMtra to zuddha bharo..." ___ kavi santa haiM, saMsAra kI moha mAyA meM bhUle-bhaTake prANiyoM kA patha-pradarzana karanA unakA kArya hai / vaha jAgRti kA sandeza detA hai ki kyoM soye par3e ho ? uTho ! jAgo ! aura apane kartavya ko pahacAno ! kavi ke zabdoM meM hI dekhiejAgRti kA sandeza "kuNa jANe kAla kA dina kI yA dina kI, tana kI, dhana kI re.... eka dina meM deva nipajAI yA dvArApurI kaMcana kI re........

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sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka AdhyAtmika kavi zrInemIcanda jI mahArAja | 17 abhimAna kA kAlA nAga jise Dasa jAtA hai, vaha sva-rUpa ko bhUla jAtA hai aura para-rUpa meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai, kavi use phaTakAratA huA kaha rahA hai "mijAjI DholA, Ter3hA kyoM cAlo chakiyA mAna meM / madirA kA jholA, ___ jaise tU AyI re tophAna meM // Ter3hI pagar3I baMTa ke jakar3I, Dhake kAna eka AMkha / paTA baMka sA bicchu DaMka sA, rahA darpaNa meM mukha jhAMka // Agamika tAtvika bAtoM ko bhI kavi ne atyadhika sarala bhASA meM saMgIta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / kavi guNasthAnoM kI mArgaNA ke sambandha meM cintana karatA huA kahatA hai "iNa para jIvar3o re guNaThANe phire / prathama guNasthAne re mAraga cAra kahyA, tIna cAra paMca sAto re| guNa ThANe dUje re mAraga eka cha, par3atA paile mithyAto re // " dravya-naukarI kI taraha kavi bhAva-naukarI kA varNana karatA hai-samyagdRSTi jIva se lekara jinezvara deva taka naukarI kA citraNa karate hue kavi likhatA hai "kAla anantA ho gayA sare, karjA bar3hA apAra / kharcA ko lekho nahIM sare, naphA na dIse lagAra re / / ati meMgAI ghara meM taMgAI, arja karUM tuma sAtha / darabAra sUM kuNa milaNa deve, bAta musuddI hAtha / " laukika tyohAra, zItalA kA, kavi AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sundara vizleSaNa karatA hai / zItalA kA zItala padArthoM se pUjana hotA hai to kavi kSamA rUpI mAtA zItalA kA pUjana isa prakAra karatA hai "samyakta raMga kI meMhadI hai rAcI, thArA rUpa taNo nahIM pAra / maddava rUpa khara kI asavArI, khUba kiyA siMNagAra hai // mhArI bhAva bhavAnI kSamyA mAtA e. pUjU zItalA / dAna sItala tapa bhAvanA sare, deva guru ne dharma / zIla zAtama ye sAtoM pUjiyAM, tUTe AThoM hI karma hai| mhArI bhAva bhavAnI kSamyA mAtA e pUjU zItalA // sthAnAMga sUtra meM vairAgya-utpatti ke dasa kAraNa batAye haiM / kavi ne usI bAta ko kavitA kI bhASA meM isa rUpa meM rakhA hai

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es | cintana ke vividha AyAma [ khaNDa 2 ] "suNo-suNo nara-nAra, vairAga upaje jIva ne daza parakAra / jyAro ghaNo adhikAra, zAstra meM jyAro hai bahu vistAra // pahale bole sAdhujI ro darzana hoya / mRgAputra nI pare ...... lIjojI joya // isI taraha jambudvIpa prajJapti ke AdhAra se Apane 'bharata paccIsI' kA nirmANa kiyA jisameM saMkSepa meM samrATa bharata ke SaTkhaNDa ke digvijaya kA varNana hai / daulata muni haMsa muni kI kambala taskara le jAne para ApazrI ne bhajana nirmANa kiyA, jisameM kavi kI sahaja pratibhA kA camatkAra dekhA jA sakatA hai / pUjyazrI pUnamacanda jI mahArAja ke jIvana kA saMkSepa meM paricaya bhI diyA hai jo aitihAsika dRSTi se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai / niva saptaDhAliyA kA aitihAsika dRSTi se atyadhika mahatva hai / kavi mAnavatA kA pujArI hai, mAnavatA ke liye virodhiyoM para usakI vANI aMgAra banakara barasatI hai, anAcAra kI dhurI ko tor3ane ke lie aura yuga kI taha meM chipI huI burAiyoM ko naSTa karane ke lie unakA dila krAnti se udva elita ho uThA hai / ve vidroha ke svara meM bole haiM, unakI kamajoriyoM para tIkhe bANa kase haiM aura sAtha hI ahiMsA kI gambhIra mImAMsA prastuta kI hai| " pakkhI kI caubIsI meM aneka aitihAsika, paurANika aura Agamika kathAeM dI gayI haiM aura kSamA kA mahatva pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| loka kathAyeM bhI isameM AyI haiM / nema-vANI ke uttarAddha meM caritra kathAe~ haiM / kSamA ke sambandha meM gajasukumAra, rAjA pradezI, skandaka muni aura AcArya amarasiMhajI mahArAja Adi ke cAra udAharaNa dekara viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA ke caritra meM eka-eka viSaya para eka-eka kathA dI gayI hai / namaskAra mahAmantra para tIna kathAeM dI gaI haiM / mahAvrata kI surakSA ke lie jJAtAdharmakathA kI kathA ko kavi ne bar3e hI sundara rUpa se citrita kiyA hai / laMkApati rAvaNa kI preraNA se utprerita hokara mahArAnI mandodarI sItA ke sannikaTa phuNcii| usane rAvaNa ke guNoM kA ut-kIrtana kiyA, kintu jaba sItA vicalita na huI aura vaha ulTe pairoM lauTane lagI taba sItA ne use phaTakArate hue kahA " pAchI jAvaNa lAgI bolaM vacana suNa abako / ubhI rahe mandodarI nAra letI jA labako // aba suNa le merI bAta rAja jo rUTho / thAne lAmbI paharAsI hAtha hiyo thAro alpa dinoM ko sukha jANaje khUTo / kyoM phUTo /

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sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka AdhyAtmika kavi zrInemIcanda jI mahArAja | 66 yo satiyoM kero mukha vacana nahIM jhUTho / mo vacana jo jhUTho hoya jagat hoya Dabako // " jaba lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa para cakra kA prayoga kiyA, usa samaya kA sajIva citraNa kavi ne isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai ki par3hate hI pAThaka kI bhujAeM phar3aphar3Ane lagatI haiM / raNabherI kI gUMja, vIra hRdaya kI kar3aka aura kAyara-jana kI dhar3aka spaSTa sunAyI detI hai| dekhie "lakSmaNa kalakalyo kopa meM parajalyo, kar3akar3I bhIr3a ne cakra vAve / AkAze bhamAviyo saNaNa calAviyo, jAya vairI no ziraccheda lAve // hari re kopAviyo cakra calAviyo / " - jodhapura ke rAjA kI lAvaNI meM kara kAla kI chAyA kA sajIva citraNa kiyA gayA hai| mAnava mana meM vividha kalpanAe~ karatA hai aura bhAvI ke garbha meM kyA hone vAlA hai, usakA use patA nahIM hotaa| cetana caritra meM bhAvanA pradhAna citra huA hai / vastutaH isa caritra meM kavi kI pratibhA kA pUrNa rUpa se nikhAra huA hai| isameM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai / kavi kI varNana zailI AkarSaka hai| isa prakAra kavivarya nemIcanda jI mahArAja kI kavitA kA bhAva aura kalApakSa atyanta ujjvala va udAtta hai| jaina zramaNa hone ke nAte unakI kavitA meM upadeza kI bhI pradhAnatA hai / sAtha hI mAnava-jIvana kA caramotkarSa hI unakI kavitA kA saMlakSya hai / kavivarya kA jIvana sAdhanAmaya jIvana thA aura 1985 vi0 saM0 meM chIyA kA akolA gAMva meM ApakA cAturmAsa thaa| zarIra meM vyAdhi hone para saMllekhanA pUrvaka saMthArA kara kArtika zuklA paMcamI ko Apa svargastha hue / ApakA vihArasthala mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, mAlavA, DhUMDhAra prabhRti rahA hai| ____ ApazrI apane yuga ke eka tejasvI santa the| Apane virAT kavitA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / ApakI kavitA svAntaHsukhAya hotI thii| Apane apane vyaktitva ke dvArA jainadharma kI prabala prabhAvanA kI / Apa dArzanika the, vaktA the, kavi the, aura ina sabase bar3hakara santa the / ApakA vyaktitva aura kRtitva dila ko lubhAne vAlA aura mana ko mohane vAlA thaa|

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caturmukhI pratibhA ke dhanI upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja parama zraddhaya rAjasthAna kesarI pUjya gurudevazrI puSkara munijI mahArAja sthAnakavAsI jaina samAja ke jAne-mAne aura pahacAne hue eka mahAna santa ratna haiM / unakA bAhya vyaktitva jitanA nayanAbhirAma hai, usase bhI adhika andara kA jIvana manobhirAma hai / sadgurudeva kI bAhya AkRti ko dekhakara darzaka ko ajantA aura elorA kI bhavya mUrtiyA~ sahaja hI smaraNa ho AtI hai| vizAla deha, lambA kada, dIptimAna, nirmala gaura varNa, prazasta bhAla, unnata zIrSa, dIpta khalvATa, mastaka, nukIlI U~cI nAka, unnata vakSa, prabala mAMsala bhujAe~, tejapUrNa zAnta mukha-maNDala prema-pIyUSa varSAte hue unake divya netra ko dekhakara darzaka mugdha hue binA nahIM rhtaa| usameM sAgara kA vistAra hai, pauruSa kA samudra ThAu~ mAra rahA hai evaM dUsarI ora karuNA kA megha varSaNa bhI ho rahA hai / puruSatva aura masRNatA kA aisA pujIbhUta vyaktitva dUsarA dekhane ko milanA kaThina hai| Apa kabhI bhI unakI maMjula mukhAkRti para nikharatI huI cintana kI divya AbhA, prabhA dekha sakate haiN| udAra A~khoM ke bhItara se chalakatI huI sahaja sneha-sudhA kA pAna kara sakate haiN| vArtAlApa meM sarasa zAlInatA, saMyamI jIvana kI viveka bimbita kriyAzIlatA, jAgRta mAnasa kI ucchala saMvedanazIlatA, udAtta udAratA ko parakha sakate haiN| prema kI punIta pratimA, sarasatA saralatA kI sundara nidhi dRr3ha saMkalpa aura adbhuta kAryakSamatA se yukta gurudevazrI kA bAhya aura Abhyantara vyaktitva bar3A hI dilacaspa aura vilakSaNa hai| saralatA ko pratimUrti zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki saralatA sAdhanA kA mahAprANa hai, cAhe gRhastha sAdhaka ho, cAhe saMyamI sAdhaka ho, donoM ke lie saralatA, niSkapaTatA, adaMbhatA Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya hai / ghRtasikta pAvaka ke samAna sahaja sarala sAdhanA hI nirdhUma hotI hai, nirmala hotI hai /

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caturmukhI pratibhA ke dhanI upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja | 101 sohI ujjUya bhUyassa, dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI / nivvANaM paramaM jAi, ghayasitteva pAvae / sadgurudeva nakha se zikha taka sarala haiM, nirdambha haiM / jaise andara haiM vaise hI bAhara haiM, unakI vANI sarala hai, vicAra sarala haiM aura jIvana kA pratyeka vyavahAra bhI sarala hai| kahIM para bhI chupAva nahIM hai, durAva nahIM hai / Ter3he-mer3he rAste se calanA ve sAdhanA ke lie ghAtaka mAnate haiN| unakA spaSTa vicAra hai-- "sarala bane binA siddha gati kadApi nahIM ho sktii|" vinaya kI pradhAnatA santa jIvana meM jina sadguNoM ko anivArya AvazyakatA hai usameM vinaya bhI pramukha guNa hai / vinaya ko dharma kA mUla kahA hai, to ahaMkAra ko pApa kA mUla batAyA hai| jisa sAdhaka ko ahaMkAra kA kAlA nAga Dasa letA hai vaha sAdhanA kI sudhA pI nahIM sktaa| ahaMkAra aura sAdhanA meM to prakAza aura aMdhakAra ke samAna vaira hai-- 'tejastimirayoriva' / . gurudeva kA jIvana vinamra hI nahIM, ati vinamra hai / Apa zramaNa saMgha ke aura apanI bhUtapUrva paramparA ke variSTa santa haiM, tathApi guNIjanoM kA usI prakAra Adara karate haiM jaise eka lagha santa karatA ho| mujhe smaraNa hai, parama zraddheya upAcArya zrI gaNezIlAlAjI ma0 ke sAtha zramaNa saMgha ke vaidhAnika praznoM ko lekara ApazrI kA unase kAphI matabheda ho gayA thaa| upAcArya zrI ne zramaNa saMgha se va upAcArya pada se tyAgapatra de diyA thA / para jaba ApazrI udayapura pathAre taba zrI gaNezIlAlajI ma0 asvastha the| ApazrI apanI ziSya maNDalI sahita vahA~ padhAre aura savidhi vandana kiyaa| gurudevazrI kI vinamratA ko dekhakara zrI gaNezIlAlajI ma0 kA hRdaya prema se gadgad ho uThA aura unhoMne gurudevazrI ko uThAkara apanI chAtI se lagA liyaa| yaha hai gurudevazrI ke jIvana meM vinamratA / . 'vinamratA aisA zreSTha kavaca hai, jise Aja dina taka kabhI koI cheda nahIM sakA hai' yaha sUkti sarvathA satya hai / dayA kA devatA ___dayA sadhanA kA navanIta hai| mana kA mAdhurya hai / dayA kI sarasa rasadhArA se sAdhaka kA hRdaya urvara banatA hai aura sadguNoM ke kalpavRkSa phalate haiM, phUlate haiM / santa dayA kA devatA kahA jAtA hai / vaha sva aura para ke bhedabhAva ko bhulAkara vAtsalya aura dayA kA amRta pradAna karatA hai| santa kA hRdaya navanIta se bhI vilakSaNa hai / navanIta svatApa se dravita hotA hai kintu para-tApa se nahIM, kintu santa-hRdaya para-tApa se hI sadA dravita hote haiM, sva-tApa se nahIM /

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102 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] zraddhaya sadgurudeva kA komala hRdaya kisI duHkhI kI karuNa kathA ko sunakara hI dravita ho jAtA hai aura svayaM kaSTa sahana kara usake duHkha ko dUra karanA cAhate haiM / zramaNajIvana kI apanI eka maryAdA hai| usa maryAdA meM rahakara hI ve kArya kara sakate haiN| gurudeva ne sAdhu maryAdA meM rahakara hajAroM vyaktiyoM ko duHkha se mukta kiyA hai| japa-sAdhanA __ jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM japa kA gaharA mahatva rahA hai / vaha Abhyantara tapa hai / svAdhyAya kA eka prakAra hai / japa Adhi, vyAdhi aura upAdhi ko naSTa kara samAdhi pradAna karatA hai / niyamita rUpa se niyamita samaya para sadgurudeva se savidhi mahAmantra navakAra ko lekara yadi jApa kiyA jAya to avazya hI siddhi milatI hai aisA sadgurudeva kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai / ve svayaM pratidina niyamita jApa karate haiM / ve bhojana kI apekSA bhajana ko adhika mahatva dete haiN| pUjya gurudevazrI ke jIvana meM japa kI sAdhanA sAkAra ho uThI hai| ve khUba rasapUrvaka japa karate haiN| aura jo bhI unake samparka meM AtA hai use bhI ve japa kI prabala preraNA pradAna karate haiN| ve apane prava. canoM meM bhI aneka bAra pharamAte haiM ki anya maMtra-taMtroM ke pIche pAgala hokara kyoM ghUma rahe ho ? mahAmantra jaisA prabhAvazAlI anya koI mantra nahIM hai| eka niSThA ekatAnatA ke sAtha usakA jApa karo to tumheM anirvacanIya Ananda kI upalabdhi hogii| jIvana aura zikSaNa jIvana meM zikSA kA vahI mahatva hai jo zarIra meM prANa kA hai| zikSA ke abhAva meM jIvana meM camaka-damaka paidA nahIM ho sktii| gati aura pragati nahIM ho sktii| yUnAna ke mahAna dArzanika pleTo ne zikSA ke uddezya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA-zarIra aura AtmA meM adhika se adhika jitane saundarya aura jitanI sampUrNatA kA vikAsa ho sakatA hai use sampanna karanA hI zikSA kA uddezya hai / arastU ne kahAjinhoMne mAnava para zAsana karane kI kalA kA adhyayana kiyA hai unheM yaha vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki yuvakoM kI zikSA para hI rAjya kA bhAgya AdhArita hai| eDisana ne kahA-zikSA mAnava-jIvana ke lie vaise hI hai jaise saMgamarmara ke patthara ke lie zilpakalA / sadgurudeva kA mAnanA hai ki vizva meM jitanI bhI upalabdhiyAM haiM unameM zikSA sabase bar3hakara hai| zikSA se jIvana meM sadAcAra kI upalabdhi hotI hai / sadguNoM ke sarasa sumana khilate haiN| dIkSA ke sAtha zikSA bhI Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Apane apane ziSyoM va ziSyAoM ko zikSA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hane kI preraNA pradAna kI / unakI zikSA ke lie ucita vyavasthA kI / jisa yuga meM santa-satIvRnda parIkSA dene se katarAtA thA, usa yuga meM Apane ucca parIkSAe~ dI aura apane antevAsiyoM se bhI ucca parIkSAeM dilvaaii|

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sAhitya aura kalA sAhitya aura kalA mAnava jIvana ke lie varadAna hai| sAhitya aura kalA kA sambandha Aja se nahIM Adi kAla se rahA hai / jo sAhityakAra hogA vaha kalAkAra avazya hogaa| donoM kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai / bhArata ke mahAna kavi bhartRhari ne sAhitya, saMgIta aura kalA se vihIna vyakti ko sAkSAta pazu kahA hai| sadagurudevazrI ke sAhitya meM kavitA kI gaMgA, kathA kI yamunA aura nibandha ko sarasvatI kA sundara saMgama huA hai| unakI kRtiyoM meM vAlmIki kA saundarya hai, kAlIdAsa kI preSaNIyatA hai, bhavabhUti kI karuNA hai, tulasIdAsa kA pravAha, sUradAsa kI madhuratA hai, dinakara kI vIratA hai aura guptajI kI saralatA / ve svayaM sAhityasraSTA to haiM hI, para sAhityakAra ko paidA karane vAle bhI haiM / unake aneka ziSya kalama ke dhanI haiM, jinhoMne sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM meM khulakara aura jama kara likhA hai| Alocaka se pyAra jisa vyakti ke vimala vicAroM meM gahanatA, maulikatA hotI hai, una vyaktiyoM ke vicAroM kI AlocanA bhI sahaja rUpa se hotI hai / para mahAna vyakti unakI ora dhyAna na dekara apane sahI lakSya kI ora nirantara bar3hate haiM / gurudevazrI kA dRr3ha mantavya hai ki vyaktitva nindA se nahIM, nirmANa se nikharatA hai / jo unakI AlocanA karate yA prazaMsA karate haiM, ve donoM se samAna prema karate haiN| unake nirmala mAnasa para Alo. canA aura stuti kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| prazaMsA karane vAle ko ve kahate haiMtumhArA sneha hai isalie aisA kahate ho; aura nindA-AlocanA karane vAle ko kahate haiMtumane mujhe samajhA nahIM hai / tumhArA virodha mere lie vinoda hai / anukUla paristhiti meM muskarAne vAle isa vizva meM bahuta mileMge, para pratikUla paristhiti meM bhI jo gulAba ke phUla kI taraha muskarA sake vahI mahAna kalAkAra hai / gurudevazrI apanI mastI meM jhUmate hue kabhI-kabhI urdU ke zAyara kA eka zera sunAyA karate haiMmaMjile hastI meM duzmana ko bhI apanA dosta kr| rAta ho jAya to dikhalAve ___ tujhe duzmana cirAga // kitanA sundara, kitanA madhura aura kitanA santulita hai unakA vicAra / vANI ke jAdUgara cInI bhASA ke suprasiddha dharmagrantha tAo upaniSad meM eka sthAna para kahA hai,

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104 | citana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] "hRdaya se nikale hue zabda lacchedAra nahIM hote aura lacchedAra zabda kabhI vizvAsa lAyaka nahIM hote|" hRdaya kI gaharAI se jo vANI prasphuTita hotI hai usameM sahaja svAbhAvikatA hotI hai jisa prakAra kue~ kI gaharAI se nikalane vAle jala meM zItalatA bhI sahaja hotI hai, USmA bhI sahaja hotI hai aura nirmalatA bhI / jo vANI sahaja rUpa se vyakta hotI hai vaha prabhAvazIla hotI hai / jo upadeza AtmA se nikalatA hai vaha AtmA ko sparza karatA hai, jo kevala jIbha se hI nikalatA hai vaha adhika prabhAvazIla nahIM hotA, hRdaya ko chU nahIM sakatA, cUMki usameM cintana, manana aura AcAra kA bala nahIM hotaa| sAdhAraNa vyakti kI vANI vacana hai aura viziSTa vicArakoM kI vANI pravacana hai / kyoMki unakI vANI meM cintana, bhAvanA, vicAra aura jIvana darzana hotA hai| ve nirarthaka bakavAsa nahIM karate, kintu jo bhI bolate haiM usameM gaharA artha hotA hai, tIra ke samAna vedhakatA hotI hai| etadartha hI saMghadAsagaNI ne bRhatakalpa bhASya meM kahA hai guNasuTThiyassa vayaNaM ghaya sarisittuvva pAvao bhavai / guNahINassa na sohai nehavihUNo jaha paIvo / guNavAna vyakti kA vacana ghRta-siMcita agni ke samAna tejasvI aura patha pradarzaka hotA hai jabaki guNahIna vyakti kA vacana sneharahita dIpaka kI bhAMti nisteja aura aMdhakAra se paripUrNa / zraddhaya sadgurudeva jaba bolanA prArambha karate haiM taba samasta sabhA maMtra-mugdha ho jAtI hai / zrotA kA mana aura mastiSka unakI pravacanadhArA meM pravAhita hone lagatA hai| ApakI vANI meM hAsya rasa, karuNa rasa, vIra rasa, aura zAnta rasa sabhI rasoM kI abhivyakti sahaja rUpa se hotI hai / Apako kiJcita mAtra bhI prayatna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / vaktRtva kalA ApakA sahala svabhAva hai / ApakI vANI meM madhuratA, sahaja sundaratA hai, bhAvoM kI lar3I, bhASA kI jhar3I aura tarkoM kI kar3I kA aisA sumela hotA hai ki zrotA jhUma uThate haiM / AtmA, paramAtmA, samyak darzana, syAdvAda jaise dArzanika viSayoM ko sahaja rUpa se prastuta karate haiN| zrotA UbatA nahIM, thakatA nahIM / ApakA pravacana sulajhA huA, adhyayanapUrNa aura sarasa hotA hai| isIlie loga Apako vANI kA jAdUgara kahate haiM / kisa samaya kyA bolanA, kaise bolanA aura kitanA bolanA yaha Apako dhyAna hai / Apake pravacanoM meM nadI kI dhArA kI bhAMti gati hai aura agni-jvAlA kI taraha usameM AcAra-vicAra kA teja va prakAza paripuSTa hai / ApakI madhura va jAdU bharI vANI se sAmAnya janatA hI nahIM, kintu sAkSara vyakti bhI pUrNa rUpa se prabhAvita hote haiN| Apa jahA~ bhI jAte haiM vahAM kI janabolI meM

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caturmukhI pratibhA ke dhanI upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja | 105 pravacana karate haiM / bhASA para ApakA pUrNa adhikAra hai / ApameM vicAroM ko abhivyakta karane kI kalA gajaba kI hai| ApakI vANI meM oja hai, teja hai aura zAnti hai / vastutaH Apa vANI ke kalAkAra haiM / sadgurudeva ke jIvana kI hajAra-hajAra vizeSatAeM haiM, una sabhI vizeSatAoM ko aMkita karanA sambhava nahIM hai| kyA kabhI virATa samudra ko nanhIM sI aMjali meM bharA jA sakatA hai ? phira bhI bAla sulabhamana samudra kI vizAlatA ko hAtha phailAkara batAne kA prayatna karatA hI hai, aisA hI prastuta prayatna maiMne kiyA hai|

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11 rASTra kA merudaNDa : yuvaka yuvaka rASTra kA merudaNDa hai / vaha sAhasa kI dhadhakatI huI jvAlA hai| dharma kI dhurA kA dhAraka hai / vaha saMskRti kA sandezavAhaka hai| vaha mAnava prakRti kA vasanta hai / taruNa kA tana miTTI kA nahIM, bajra kA banA huA hotA hai| usakA mana himAlaya kI taraha unnata hotA hai, aura sAgara kI taraha vyApaka hotA hai| usakA tana ho nahIM, mana bhI udAtta cintana ko lie hue hotA hai / vaha dharma, sampradAya, samAja meM Abaddha hokara ke bhI kisI bhI saMkIrNa ghere meM baddha nahIM hotaa| usakA karma rUpI ratha zrI kRSNa ke ratha kI bhAMti nirantara apane lakSya kI ora bar3hanA jAnatA hai / koI bhI zakti usake ratha ko roka nahIM sakatI / cAhe kaisI bhI kaThina paristhiti ho, vaha ha~satA aura muskarAtA huA Age bar3hatA hai / svayaM sAkSAt mauta bhI usake sAmane khar3I ho, vaha mauta se bhI nahIM ddrtaa| vaha svayaM ha~satA hai aura jo bhI usake sannikaTa AtA hai, usako bhI ha~sAtA hai / use svayaM ke sukha aura duHkha kI kiMcit mAtra bhI cintA nahIM hotI / vaha satat dUsaroM ke hI sukha aura duHkha kI cintA karatA hai| usake antarmAnasa kI eka hI icchA hotI hai ki saMsAra ke sabhI jIva sukha ke ananta sAgara para tairate raheM; unake jIvana ko duHkha kI kAlI AMdhI kabhI bhI prabhAvita na kre| yuvaka rASTra kA bhAgya nirmAtA hai| jaba zaizava kI sphUrti-zaurya kA saMsparza pAtI hai to vaha kamanIya kalpanA ke anusAra nirmANa kArya meM saMlagna ho jAtI hai aura dekhate hI dekhate vizva kA kAyAkalpa ho jAtA hai| vizva ke raMgamaMca para jaba bhI krAnti kI svara-lahariyAM jhaMkRta huI haiM, usakA sUtradhAra yuvaka rahA hai| jisa rASTra meM yuvAzakti prabuddha hotI hai, vaha rASTra atyanta bhAgyazAlI hotA hai| yuvaka, samAja va rASTra kA saccA evaM acchA sajaga praharI hai| vartamAna yuga jAgaraNa kA yuga hai| yavaka zakti aMgar3AI lekara uTha rahI hai / usake jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM zakti aura sphUti taraMgita ho rahI hai| usake mana meM cintana kI nirmala gaMgA baha rahI hai / vANI meM madhuratA kI yamunA pravAhita ho rahI hai aura usake karma meM kartavyaniSThA kI sarasvatI kA vajra AghoSa hai| yuvaka zakti yadi cAhe to naraka ko raMgIna svarga meM badala sakatI hai aura kA~ToM ko phUloM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara sakatI hai| usakI zakti adbhuta hai, anokhI hai aura nirAlI hai| koI bhI zakti usakI pratispardhA nahIM kara sktii|

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rASTra kA merudaNDa : yuvaka | 107 yuvaka kI jagamagAtI huI vimala vicAradhArAe~ sampradAyavAda, galata paramparA - va andhavizvAsa se sadA mukta rahI hai| vaha sadA hI khala-bhAga kA parityAga kara rasabhAga ko grahaNa karatI rahI hai / vaha kabhI bhI kaSToM se ghabarAtA nahIM, kaSToM kI AMdhI Ane para bhI usakA joza kabhI kama nahIM hotA / cAhe kitanI bhI kaThinAIyA~ Ave, ve usake mArga ko avaruddha nahIM kara sktiiN| vaha svarNa kI bhAMti kaSToM kI aana huI jvAlAoM meM gira karake adhika camakatA hai, damakatA hai| vaha murde kI taraha par3A rahanA pasanda nahIM karatA hai, aura na rugNa vyakti kI taraha ATha-ATha AMsU bahAnA use pasanda hI hai| usake tana meM hI nahIM, mana meM bhI garmI hotI hai / usakA rakta khaulatA huA hotA hai / isIlie vaha saMsAra kA nava nirmANa kara sakatA hai / amerikA ke svargIya rASTrapati zrI keneDI ne yuvaka kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai- "jo vyakti khatare ko mola lenA jAnatA hai, aura le sakatA hai, vaha yuvaka hai / jo khataroM se ghabarAtA hai vaha bUr3hA hai / vaha kucha bhI nirmANa kArya nahIM kara sakatA" / 3. bAlaka kA tana bhI nirbala hotA hai aura mana bhI ! vahana gaharAI se cintana kara sakatA hai aura na kArya hI ! vRddha kI cintana zakti prabuddha hotI hai, kintu tana jarjarita hone ke kAraNa vaha kArya karane meM sakSama nahIM hotA / usake antarmAnasa meM karane kI prabala bhAvanA hotI hai to bhI vaha tana kI nirbalatA ke kAraNa kArya nahIM kara pAtA / para yuvaka ke tana meM hanumAna kI taraha zakti hotI hai / jisa zakti se vaha asambhava kArya bhI sambhava kara letA hai / aura usakA mana bhI cintana karane ke lie sakSama hotA hai / tana aura mana kA sumela yuvaka meM hotA hai / isalie usake zabdakoza meM "asambhava" zabda nahIM hotA / udAsInatA aura khinnatA usake AsapAsa meM nahIM hotI / kAnti aura nava nirmANa kI isa prabhAta velA meM yuvaka zakti se eka khatarA paidA ho gayA hai aura vaha -- asaMyama, anAsthA, ucchRMkhalatA, aura anuzAsanahInatA, jisake kAraNa usakI jIvana dizAe~ dhuMdhalI par3a gayI haiM / aura sahI mArga para bar3hane ke lie usake kadama lar3akhar3A rahe haiM, DagamagA rahe haiN| yuvaka zakti kI isa viSama paristhiti se vizva ke sabhI bhAgya vidhAtA cintita haiM / pratyeka rASTra kA yuvaka isa bhayaMkara jhaMjhAvAta se ghirA huA hai | pratApapUrNa pratibhA ke dhanI yuvA cetanA ko kisa prakAra anuzAsita banAyA jAya ? unameM kisa prakAra saMyama, AsthA, aura karttavyaniSThA jAgRta kI jAya ? usake adamya zakti pravAha ko / jo nirvANa kI dizA meM baha rahA hai, use kisa prakAra nirmANa kI dizA meM mor3A jAya ? jisase vaha rASTra kA sahI sRjana kara sakeM / dharma, nIti aura saMskRti kI jyoti ko pradIpta kara sake~ / jahAM taka maiM samajhA hU~, yuvaka meM AsthA bhI hai, jijJAsA bhI hai, dharma,

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108 | cintana ke vividha AyAma [khaNDa 2] darzana, sAhitya aura saMskRti ko samajhane kI usakI bhAvanA bhI hai / kSamatA bhI hai| atItakAla meM eka vIra arjuna ne kurukSetra ke maidAna meM yaha jijJAsA prastuta kI thI ki kyA kartavya haiM aura kyA akartavya haiM ? zrIkRSNa ne usakI jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna diyaa| Aja ke yuvaka vIra arjuna kI bhA~ti jAjvalyamAna samasyAeM samupasthita karate haiM, para abhibhAvakagaNa yA dharmaguru jo zrIkRSNa kI bhAMti haiM, ve unakI samasyAoM kA sahI samAdhAna nahIM karate / unheM sahI svarUpa nahIM batAte, jisase unameM anAsthA jAgRta hotI hai aura vaha pratizodha ke rUpa meM prasphuTita hotI hai / AvazyakatA hai-yuvakoM kI samasyAoM kA sahI samAdhAna kiyA jAya / unheM dharma kA marma batAyA jAya / AtmA-paramAtmA ke guru gambhIra rahasyoM ko batAyA jAya aura sAtha hI kathanI aura karanI meM ekarUpatA lAyI jAya, jisase yuvaka meM AsthA jAgRta hogI, aura dharma ke sahI svarUpa ko samajhakara ve use hRdaya se apnaayeNge| ___ maiM yuvAzakti se eka bAta kahanA cAhUMgA ki tuma gulAba ke phUla kI taraha ho, tuma meM manamohaka saurabha hai, tuma apanI saurabha se vizva ko AkarSita kara sakate ho / kintu tumhAre jIvana meM jo durguNoM ke kA~Te haiM, jisake kAraNa tumhAre sadguNa rUpI phUla AcchAdita ho cuke haiN| AvazyakatA hai-una durguNoM ke kAToM ko haTAne kI ! tumhAre jIvana meM se durguNa naSTa ho jAyeMge to tumhArA jIvana jana-jana ke lie maMgalamaya hogaa| ___ maiM AsthA aura vicArazIla yuvakoM ko AhvAna karatA hU~ ki tuma usa puNya dharatI meM paidA hue ho jisakI Ana, bAna aura zAna nirAlI rahI haiM, jahA~ ke yuvaka deza ke lie, samAja ke lie, rASTra ke lie aura dharma ke lie haMsate aura muskarAte hue kurbAna hote rahe haiM / tumheM bhI vaha Adarza upasthita karanA hai / he bhArata ke bhAgya vidhAtA yuvako ! tuma Age bar3ho ! tuma Age bar3hoge to sabhI Age bddh'eNge| "zubhAste santu panthAnaH / bhadrante bhUyAt // "

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manISI pravara zrI devendra muni jI mahArAja kA mahatvapUrNa sAhitya RSabhadeva : eka parizIlana (dvi. saM.) (zodha pra.) 15.00 bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana , 10.00 bhagavAna pArzva : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 5-00 bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana (zo. pra.) 40.00 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, 40-00. jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 30-00 kalpasUtra : vivecana (Agama) 20-00 jaina AcAra : siddhAnta aura svarUpa 50-00. bhagavAna mahAvIra yuga kI pratinidhi kathAeM 12-00 sAhitya aura saMskRti (lalita nibandha) 12-00. dharma aura darzana 4-00 anubhUti ke Aloka meM (gadya kAvya) 4.00cintana kI cAMdanI " 3-00. vicAra razmiyAM 7-00 khilatI kaliyAM : muskarAte phUla (laghu kathAeM) 3-50pratidhvani 3-50 gahare pAnI peTha khilate phUla zAzvata svara 3-00 sIpa aura motI (laghu kathAeM) bolatI tasvIreM dharatI ke phUla paMcAmRta atIta ke calacitra 3-00 camakate sitAre gAgara meM sAgara 3-000 puNya puruSa 5-00 jaina dharma aura darzana : eka paricaya (nibandha) 2-00. rAjasthAna kesarI upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muniabhinandana grantha 125-000 3-00. 2-000 llh llh llh 000 lh 3-00