Mahaviras Word

Author(s): Walther Shubring
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 73

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Mahavira's Words by Walther Schubring
5, until) action. The fourth [kind of] committing a violent deed occurs through an accidental violent deed.
Now [comes] the fifth [kind of] committing a violent deed; it occurs in a violent deed through an optical illusion. A man, for example, who lives together with his mother and father and their family members, with brothers, sisters, wives, sons, daughters, or daughters-in-law, (13) regards someone [of them] who means him well, as one who means him badly and does something to him in a violent deed through an optical illusion. [Or] a man, for example, at a robbery in a village, city, a walled city, a city with ramparts, an isolated city, a city reachable either by land or by water, a city. reachable both by land and by water, at a metal mine," a place where monks reside, where pilgrims come together, where merchants live, or where a prince resides, regards an innocent person as the robber and does something to him in a violent deed through an optical illusion. Thus,... (like 5, until) action. The fifth [kind of] committing a violent deed occurs through an optical illusion.
Now [comes] the sixth kind of acting;15 it occurs in untrue speech. A man, for example, for his own benefit, for the benefit of his relations, his house or his domestic servants, himself speaks the untruth, makes another speak it, or approves of it when another speaks it. Thus, ... (like 5, until) action. The sixth [kind of] of acting occurs in untrue speech.
Now [comes] the seventh kind of acting; it occurs in unallowed acquisition. It happens, for example, that a man for his own benefit... or his domestic servants, himself takes something, makes another take something or approves of it when another takes something. Thus, ... (like 5, until) action. The seventh [kind of] acting occurs in unallowed acquisition.
Now [comes] the eighth kind of acting; it occurs in [a bad] mood. There is, for
13
Cp. Suy. II 1, 39 for this enumeration (WB).
14 agara is omitted in the text, probably only by mistake. The translation of this part is like Ayār. I 37, 20 (sū. 222 of the 1917 ed.; cp. Hemacandra's Triṣasti 1, 6, 76 and Bollée 2002, § 667 (WB)). In his Dīpikā Harşakula quotes a stanza which gives several other meanings, cp. Jacobi 1895, p. 359. C writes: se jadha kei purise gama-ghātamsi vā rāto vā viyālaṇsi vā divasato vā ... atenam, etc., "a man regards, for example, at a robbery in a village [etc.,] at night, dusk, or in broad daylight, an innocent person as the robber."
15 From here onwards the kiriya-ṭṭhāṇa are enumerated, not daṇḍa-samāyāṇa. Na tesu parassa vavarovanam bhavati (C); but compare 18.