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________________ 5. mAle Agu NANujjIvo jIvo jaina vidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIra jI mahAvIra jayantI 2598 jainavidyA akalaMka vizeSAMka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI rAjasthAna 20-21
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________________ jainavidyA jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrImahAvIrajI dvArA prakAzita vArSika zodha-patrikA apraila, 1999-2000 sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja zrI mahendrakumAra pATanI DaoN. kailAzacanda jaina zrI jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA prabandha sampAdaka zrI prakAzacandra jaina maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI prakAzaka sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA DaoN. gopIcanda pATanI sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina jainavidyA saMsthAna prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI ( rAjasthAna )
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________________ vArSika mUlya 30.00 ru. sAmAnyataH 60.00 ru. pustakAlaya hetu mudraka jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. jayapura
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________________ viSaya-sUcI kra.saM. viSaya lekhaka kA nAma pR. saM. prakAzakIya sampAdakIya 1. svAmI bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - vyaktitva evaM kartRtva zrI kundanalAla jaina 2. bhAvanA AcArya akalaMkadeva 3. jinazAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya akalaMka zrI ramAkAnta jaina 4. vratI AcArya akalaMkadeva 5. aneka alaMkaraNoM se alaMkRta DaoN. kapUracanda jaina AcArya akalaMkadeva 6. dhyAna AcArya akalaMkadeva 7. jaina-nyAya ke unnAyaka : bhaTTa akalaMkadeva DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala 8. hiMsA AcArya akalaMkadeva 9. anekAnta ke pratiSThApaka DaoN. azokakumAra jaina AcArya akalaMkadeva 10. AcArya akalaMkadeva aura unakA naya-vivecana DaoN. zrIraMjanasUrideva 11. akalaMkadeva kI kRti-tatvArthavArtika DaoN. ramezacanda jaina 12. Asrava ke kAraNa AcArya akalaMkadeva 13. tatvArtharAjavArtika aura karmabandha ke pratyaya DaoN. kusuma paToriyA 14. 'tatvArthavArtika' meM pratipAdita mAnavIya mUlya DaoN. surendrakumAra jaina 'bhAratI' 83 15. akalaMkadeva kRta puNya aura pApa kA vivecana DaoN. sUrajamukhI jaina 93 16. vaiyAvRtya AcArya akalaMkadeva 17. dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastu jJAna kA viSaya DaoN. rAjakumArI jaina
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________________ jainavidyA (zodha-patrikA) sUcanAe~ 1. patrikA sAmAnyataH varSa meM eka bAra, mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para prakAzita hogii| 2. patrikA meM zodha-khoja, adhyayana-anusaMdhAna sambandhI maulika aprakAzita racanAoM ___ko hI sthAna milegaa| 3. racanAe~ jisa rUpa meM prApta hoMgI unheM prAyaH usI rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jaaegaa| svabhAvataH tathyoM kI prAmANikatA Adi kA uttaradAyitva racanAkAra kA hogaa| 4. yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzaka, sampAdaka lekhakoM ke abhimata se sahamata ho| 5. racanAe~ kAgaja ke eka ora kama se kama 3 se.mI. kA hAziyA chor3akara suvAcya akSaroM meM likhI athavA TAipa kI huI honI caahie| 6. asvIkRta/aprakAzita racanAe~ lauTAI nahIM jaayeNgii| 7. racanAe~ bhejane evaM anya saba prakAra ke patra-vyavahAra ke lie patA - sampAdaka jainavidyA jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa jayapura-302 004
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________________ prakAzakIya 'jainavidyA' zodha patrikA kA 'akalaMka vizeSAMka' pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue harSa hai| akalaMkadeva jainadharma ke prakhara tArkika va dArzanika AcArya the| akalaMkadeva ne AThavIM sadI (720-780 I.) ke anta meM tatkAlIna sabhI darzanoM ke dArzanikoM/matAvalambiyoM se zAstrArtha, vAda-vivAda va samIkSA kara jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM kI pratiSThApanA kii| .. akalaMkadeva ne AcArya samantabhadra kI kRti 'devAgama stotra' para 'aSTazatI' tathA AcArya umAsvAmI kI kRti 'tatvArthasUtra' para 'tatvArthavArtika' bhASya likhe| laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, pramANa saMgraha, siddhivinizcaya unake maulika grantha haiM / inakI racanA kara unhoMne jaina-nyAya kA bhavya prAsAda nirmita kiyaa| jaina nyAya-jagata meM akalaMka apanI pramANa-mImAMsA ke lie vizeSa prasiddha haiN| paravartI AcAryoM ne apanI grantha-prazastiyoM meM akalaMkadeva kA sammAnasahita smaraNa kiyA hai, aneka zilAlekha unakI virudAvali se vibhUSita haiN| jina vidvAnoM ne apanI racanAoM ke dvArA isa aMka ke prakAzana meM sahayoga pradAna kiyA una sabhI ke prati AbhArI haiN| patrikA ke sampAdaka, sampAdaka maNDala ke sadasyagaNa, sahayogI sampAdaka sabhI dhanyavAdArha haiM prakAzacandra jaina narezakumAra seThI adhyakSa maMtrI prabandhakAriNI kameTI, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI
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________________ sampAdakIya "zrImadbhaTTAkalaMkadeva svAmI kA vyaktitva evaM kartRtva bhAratIya vAGmaya ke itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM ullekhanIya hai, unhoMne jainazAsana tathA jainanyAya ke kSetra meM maulika upalabdhiyA~ prApta kI tathA durUha aura prAmANika graMthoM kI racanA kara bhagavatI-bhAratI ke bhaNDAra ko samRddha aura sampanna kiyA hai|" "zrI akalaMkadeva kA prAmANika vizada jIvana-paricaya unake graMthoM meM kahIM nahIM miltaa|" "jaina paramparA meM akalaMka nAma ke lagabhaga do darjana AcArya, vidvAn, muni hue haiM jinakA paricaya-vivaraNa DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne apane jaina jyoti aitihAsika vyaktikoza - prathama khaNDa meM diyA hai| unameM kramAMka prathama para ullikhita akalaMkadeva 7vIM zatI IsvI ko chor3akara zeSa akalaMka 11vIM zatI ke uparAnta ke vidvAna haiN|" __ "zrI akalaMkadeva ke vyaktitva evaM jIvana-paricaya ke koI spaSTa sunizcita sAdhana to haiM nahIM, para kucha zilAlekhoM tathA kucha graMtha-prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para unakA samaya san 720 se 780 I. taka sunizcita hotA hai|" "akalaMkadeva jaina, bauddha aura anya darzanoM ke niSNAta vidvAna the| unhoMne vibhinna sthAnoM para jainadharma ke anekAntavAda ahiMsA Adi siddhAntoM kI dhvajA phaharAI aura apanI udAratAsadAzayatA kA paricaya diyaa|" "unhoMne digvijayI zAstrArthI aura prakhara tArkika AcArya samantabhadra (IsA kI dvitIya zatI) kI zAstrArtha-paramparA ko tato'dhika samRddha kiyA thaa| ve jainanyAya ke samAnAntara bauddhanyAya ke bhI pAragAmI vidvAna the|" "unhoMne bauddha darzana kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thaa| sAtha hI anya bhAratIya darzanoM kA unheM pragAr3ha jJAna thA, ve pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke sAhitya se bhalIbhA~ti paricita the|" "akalaMkadeva darzanazAstra ke gUDha adhyetA the| unhoMne SaTdarzana kA gaMbhIra adhyayana-cintana kara tarka aura yukti se jaina-darzana kI zreSThatA, samIcInatA aura AtmakalyANa hetu usakI upAdeyatA sazaktarUpa se siddha kii| yadyapi ve mUlataH tArkika-dArzanika the phira bhI unheM jaina siddhAnta, nyAya aura Agama para pUrNa adhikAra thaa| gahana viSayoM ko sahaja-sarala karane hetu unhoMne vyaMgAtmaka zailI bhI apnaayii| unakI bhASA chanda, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, zabda-sAmarthya Adi adbhuta thii| ve vArtikakAra ke sAtha hI saphala vyAkhyAkAra-bhASyakAra bhI the|" "akalaMkadeva vyAkaraNa zAstra ke mahAn vidvAn the| pANinIya vyAkaraNa tathA jainendra vyAkaraNa kA unhoMne bhalI-bhA~ti pArAyaNa kiyA thaa| vyutpatti aura koza-granthoM kA unakA acchA adhyayana thaa| tatvArthavArtika meM sthAna-sthAna para sUtroM evaM usameM Agata zabdoM kA jaba ve vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se aucitya siddha karate haiM taba aisA lagatA hai jaise ve zabdazAstra likha rahe hoN|" (vi)
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________________ "akalaMkadeva ke samaya ke sandarbha meM na kevala bhAratIya vidvAnoM apitu pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI paryApta gaveSaNA kI hai| videzI vidvAnoM meM DaoN. pITarsana, DaoN. luisa rAIsa, DaoN. ema. vinTaranitja, DaoN. e. vI. kItha, DaoN. epha. DablyU thAmasa ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN|" "akalaMkadeva kA kartRtva ati mahAna, durUha evaM gahana-gaMbhIra hai| inake dvArA racita - 1. tatvArtharAjavArtika bhASya, 2. aSTazatI, 3. laghIyastraya saMvivRtti, 4. nyAyavinizcaya savRtti, 5. siddhivinizcaya, 6. pramANa saMgraha svopjny|" "AcArya akalaMkadeva kI kRtiyoM meM tatvArthavArtika (aparanAma tatvArthavArtika vyAkhyAlaMkAra, rAjavArtika yA tatvArtha rAjavArtika), aSTazatI, laghIyastraya (svavRtti sahita), nyAya vinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya (savRtti) pramANa saMgraha upalabdha haiN| inake atirikta svarUpa-saMbodhana, akalaMka stotra, akalaMka pratiSThA pATha, akalaMka prAyazcitta upalabdha haiM kintu ye vivAdagrasta kRtiyA~ haiN|" "vartamAna zatI meM akalaMka kI prAyaH sabhI kRtiyoM kA adhikArI vidvAnoM dvArA kuzalasampAdana aura prakAzana ho cukA hai| inakI kRtiyA~ inakI advitIya pratibhA, agAdhavidvattA, praur3ha lekhanI, gUr3ha abhisaMdhi, apUrva tArkikatA evaM vAgmitA, jaina darzana kI prabhAvanA kI utkaTa abhilASA, udAtta kAruNya bhAva, anekAnta darzana para unake pUrNa adhikAra, jainetara dArzanika sAhitya ke gaMbhIra AloDana aura jaina siddhAnta, saMskRta bhASA evaM vyAkaraNa meM vicakSaNa pANDitya kI paricAyaka haiN|" " 'tatvArthavArtika' tatvArthasUtra para akalaMkadeva dvArA atigahana, prakhara dArzanikatA aura praur3ha zailI meM likhI gaI kRti hai| ise 'tatvArtharAjavArtika' athavA 'rAjavArtika' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| akalaMkadeva dvArA tatvArthavArtika meM diye gaye vArtika prAyaH sarala haiM parantu unakA vyAkhyAna kaThina hai|" "isa grantha meM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke dArzanika, saiddhAntika aura vaiyAkaraNa tIna rUpa upalabdha hote haiN|" ." 'tatvArthavArtika' meM nyAya-vaizeSika, bauddha, sAMkhya, mImAMsA tathA cArvAka matoM kI samIkSA prApta hotI hai| akalaMkadeva kA uddezya ina darzanoM kI samIkSA ke sAtha-sAtha inake prahAroM se jaina tatvajJAna kI rakSA karanA bhI rahA hai| isameM ve paryApta saphala bhI hue haiN| unhoMne jainanyAya kI aisI zailI ko janma diyA jisake prati bahumAna rakhane ke kAraNa paravartI jaina granthakAra isako 'akalaMka nyAya' ke nAma se abhihita karate haiN|" "akalaMkadeva jaina siddhAnta evaM Agama ke marmajJa vidvAna hone ke sAtha hI gUr3ha dArzanika aura tArkika the| tatvArthavArtika meM sarvatra akalaMkadeva kI dArzanikatA evaM vizadajJAna kA darzana hotA hai|" "tatvArthavArtika kI dUsarI vizeSatA jaina siddhAnta ke prANa anekAntavAda kI vyApakarUpa se sthApanA karanA hai| akalaMkadeva ne na kevala dArzanika mantavyoM apitu Agamika rahasyoM meM bhI yathAsthAna anekAntavAda kI carcA kara use pratiSThita kiyaa|" (vii)
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________________ "tatvArthavArtika ke sabhI adhyAyoM kI vizada TIkA akalaMkadeva ne kI hai aura usameM jaina siddhAntoM ke vivecana ke sAtha hI anya darzanoM kI samIkSA kI hai| isake atirikta sphoTavAda, kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI tathA vainikavAdiyoM kI samIkSA kI hai|" "tatvArthavArtika meM akalaMkadeva ne jaina siddhAnta aura Agama kA vizada varNana karate hue mukti hetu anekAntamayI, AtmAzrita adhyAtma pakSa ko hI upAdeya svIkAra kiyA hai|" "svAmI samantabhadra ne devAgama stotra (Apta mImAMsA) meM anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karate hue sarvajJa kI siddhi kI thii| akalaMkadeva ne devAgama stotra para 800 zloka pramANa vivRtti (bhASya) likhI jo aSTazatI kahalAtI hai|" "unake maulika granthoM meM 'laghIyastraya' kA nAma sarvaprathama hai|" isake mAdhyama se 'akalaMkadeva prabuddha pAThakoM ko pramANa, naya aura pravacana kA sAmAnya paricaya denA cAhate the|" 'akalaMkadeva ne nayapraveza (laghIyastraya) meM naya ke sAtha durnaya yA nayAbhAsa ke lakSaNa bhI upanyasta kiye haiN| unakI dRSTi meM jJAtA kA abhiprAya hI naya hai / anekAnta dRSTi ke kriyAnvayana ke lie unhoMne katipaya sAmAnya niyama banAye the jinheM 'naya' nAma se abhihita kiyA thaa| koI bhI dRSTi apane pratipakSI kI dRSTi kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara skegii| bhale hI, eka abhedadRSTi kI mukhyatA hone para dUsarI bhedadRSTi gauNa ho jaaye| yahI sApekSatA naya kA mUlatatva hai| sApekSatA ke abhAva meM nayadRSTi durnaya bana jAtI hai| sApekSa dRSTi abhedadRSTi hai aura nirapekSadRSTi bhedadRSTi / inheM hI dravyanaya aura paryAyanaya nAma se vyavahRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| dravyArthika naya abhedagrAhI hai to paryAyArthika naya bhedgraahii| kisI eka dharma ko mukhya aura usase itara dharmoM ko gauNarUpa se prastuta karanevAle jJAtA kA abhiprAya hI naya hai / jaba vahI abhiprAya itara dharmoM ko anekAnta dRSTi se gauNa karane kI apekSA ekAntadRSTi se unakA nirAkaraNa yA nirasana karane lagatA hai taba vaha durnaya ho jAtA hai|' ___ "akalaMkadeva kI racanAoM meM 'nyAyavinizcaya' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra ke bAda jaina sAhitya meM nyAyavinizcaya hI ekamAtra aisA grantha hai jisake AdhAra para uttarakAlIna jaina nyAya ke sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| akalaMkadeva ne nyAyavinizya para padyagadyAtmaka vRtti bhI likhii|" "ekAnta pakSa ke viruddha jitane bhI pramANa ho sakate the, unakA saMgraha isa grantha (pramANa saMgraha) meM kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa isakI bhASA aura bhAva ati kaThina hai / yaha gadya-padyAtmaka hai| ise akalaMkadeva ke anya granthoM kA pariziSTa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai|" _ "akalaMka stotra meM 16 chanda haiM / isameM vItarAga paramAtmA ko niSkalaMka siddhakara unakA stavana kiyA hai|" "akalaMkadeva kA sAhitya tarkapradhAna aura vicArapradhAna hokara dArzanika samIkSA se otaprota hai| jo bhI likhA gahana manana, cintana aura adhyayana ke bAda likhaa| ve zuSka dArzanika na (viii)
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________________ hokara vinodI aura parihAsa-kuzala the| unhoMne bauddhadarzana kA khaNDana to kiyA kintu unake mana meM vidveSa nahIM rhaa|" "AcArya akalaMkadeva ne vastu sarvathA sat hI hai athavA asat hI hai, nitya hI hai athavA anitya hI hai - isa prakAra sarvathA ekAnta ke nirAkaraNa karane ko anekAnta kahA hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne likhA hai ki jIva, ajIva aura Asrava Adi ke bhedAbheda kA anekAnta-dRSTi se vicAra karanA caahie|" "AcArya akalaMkadeva ne anekAntavAda kI pratiSThApanA meM mahanIya yogadAna diyaa|" "akalaMkadeva ne jJAtA, jJeya aura jJAna se anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ko pratipAdita kara samantabhadrAcArya dvArA vyAkhyAyita siddhAntoM ko paripUrNatA pradAna kI hai|" "akalaMkadeva ne AtmA aura jJAna ke bIca kartA aura karaNa ke bheda-abheda kI aura anta meM jJAna se AtmA ko bhinna-abhinna siddha kara ghoSita kiyA ki akhaNDa dRSTi se AtmA aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai|" "bhaTTa akalaMkadeva mAnava ko use pUrA mAnavIya banAkara siddhatva prApta karAnA cAhate haiM jo unake batAye mArga para calane se avazya hI prApta hogaa|" "puNya tathA pApa kA vizleSaNa karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - jo AtmA ko prasanna kare athavA jisake dvArA AtmA sukha-sAtA kA anubhava kare, vaha sAtAvedanIya Adi puNya haiM / usake viparIta jo AtmA meM zubha pariNAma na hone de, jisake kAraNa AtmA ko du:kha kA anubhava ho vaha asAtAvedanIya Adi pApa haiN|" ___ "zrI bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne 'tatvArthavArtika' meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM aneka mAnavIya mUlyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM jIvana meM sthAna dene se vyakti meM guNAtmaka vikAsa hotA hai, yathA - dRr3ha mitratA, dayAlutA, svakAryapaTutA, svadharmadarzitva, pANDitya, nirvaira vItarAgatA, zatru ke bhI doSoM para dRSTi na denA, nindA na karanA, zreyomArgaruci, caitya-guru-zAstra pUjA, prakRti-bhadratA, sarala vyavahAra, alpArambha, alpaparigraha, duSTakAryoM se nivRtti, svAgata-tatparatA, kama bolanA, IrSyArahita pariNAma, saddharma zravaNa, tapa kI bhAvanA, pAtradAna, apramAda, nizchalacAritra, paraprazaMsA, guNIpuruSoM ke prati vinayapUrvaka namravRtti, para kA tiraskAra na karanA, anauddhatya, asUyA, upahAsa-badanAmI Adi na karanA, sAdharmI vyaktiyoM kA sammAna aadi|" "jIvahiMsA, corI, maithunAdi azubha kAyayoga haiN| asatya vacana, kaThora bhASaNa Adi azubhavacanayoga haiM aura kisI ko mArane kA vicAra karanA, IrSyA-asUyA Adi ke bhAva azubha manoyoga haiN|" "ananta vikalpavAle azubha yoga ke viparIta zubhayoga haiM / ahiMsA, acaurya, brahmacaryAdi zubha kAyayoga haiM, satya-hita-mita-priyavacana zubhavacanayoga hai; ahaMta Adi kI bhakti, tapa meM ruci, zAstravinaya Adi zubhamanoyoga haiN|" (ix)
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________________ "vizuddha pariNAma tathA saMkleza pariNAma ke kAraNa apane tathA dUsare ko diye jAnevAle sukha-duHkha hI puNyAsrava tathA pApAsrava ke kAraNa hote haiN| pariNAmoM meM vizuddhi tathA saMkleza nahIM hone para apane athavA dUsaroM ko sukha tathA duHkha hone para bhI puNyAsrava athavA pApAsrava nahIM hote|" "jaina nyAyazAstra ko jo yogadAna akalaMkadeva ne diyA hai vaha apanA udAharaNa Apa hai| una jaisA tArkika zAyada hI jaina nyAya ke itihAsa meM koI ho / unake dvArA dI gaI pramANa-vyavasthA ko AcAryoM ne apanI-apanI pramANa-mImAMsA viSayaka kRtiyoM meM binA kisI hera-phera ke svIkAra kiyA hai|" "akalaMkadeva kI nirvivAda vidvatA, tArkikatA aura nyAyazAstra vizeSataH jaina nyAya meM apratima avadAna ke kAraNa paravartI AcAryoM ne unakA ullekha bar3e hI sammAna ke sAtha kiyA hai, sAtha hI aneka upAdhiyoM se bhI inheM alaMkRta kiyA hai| vizeSataH dakSiNa bhArata ke karnATaka pradeza meM sthita aneka mandiroM-bastiyoM meM utkIrNa vibhinna zilAlekhoM meM akalaMka kA nAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vizruta paramparA meM gaurava ke sAtha liyA gayA hai|" "jaina nyAya ko unakA avadAna apratima hai|" "jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM akalaMkadeva ve yugapravartaka AcArya haiM jinhoMne jJAnamImAMsA kA suvyavasthita aura sarvAMgINa vikAsa kiyA hai|" 'jainavidyA' patrikA kA yaha 20-21vA~ aMka 'akalaMka vizeSAMka' ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai| hama una vidvAna lekhakoM ke AbhArI haiM jinakI racanAoM se isa aMka kA kalevara banAyA gyaa| saMsthAna samiti sahayogI sampAdaka, sampAdaka maNDala evaM sahayogI kAryakartAoM ke prati AbhArI haiN| mudraNa hetu jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. dhanyavAdAha hai| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 svAmI bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - vyaktitva evaM kartRtva - zrI kundanalAla jaina svAmI samantabhadrAcArya ke bAda bhAratIya dArzanika paTala para koI bhI aisA vikhyAta dArzanika vidvAn nahIM dikhAI detA hai jo zrImad bhaTTAkalaMka deva se tulanA meM sabala pratIta hotA ho| ve tarkabhUvallabha, mahardhika, samastavAdikarIndradarponmUlaka, akalaMkadhI, bauddha buddhi vaidhavya dIkSA guru, syAdvAda ke sarasaTA, zatatIvramUrti paMcAnana, azeSakutarka vibhramamati, nirmUlonmUlaka, akalaMka bhAnu, acintya mahimA, sakala tArkika cakracUr3AmaNi, marIcimecakita nakha kiraNa, Adi aneka virudAvaliyoM se vibhUSita the - aisA zilA lekhoM tathA paravartI graMtha-prazastiyoM se vidita hotA hai| jisa taraha svAmI samantabhadra jaise diggaja manISI ne dUsarI zatI (140 I. ke lagabhaga) meM jaina-zAsana kI bherI nirbhIka bhAva se pratAr3ita kI thI usI taraha AThavIM sadI (720-780 I.) ke aMta meM svAmI akalaMkadeva ne DaMke kI coTa se jainazAsana ko tatkAlIna sabhI darzanoM vizeSatayA bauddha darzana se Takkara lekara zIrSastha sthAna dilAyA thA aura apanA varcasva sthApita kiyA thaa| yathA - itthaM samasta matavAdikarIndra darpamunmUlayatramala mAna dRddh'prhaaraiH| syAdvAda ke sarasaTA zatatIvramUrtiH paMcAnano jayatyakalaMka devH||' ye nA zeSa kutarka vibhramatamo nirmUlamunmIlitam, sphArAgAdha kunIti sArtha sarito niHzeSataH shossitaaH|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 syAdvAdApratima prabhUta kiraNaiH vyAptaM jagat sarvataH, sa zrImAnakalaMka bhAnurasamo jIyAjjinendra prabhu tarkavallabho devaH saH jytyklNkdhiiH| jagad dravyamuSo yena daNDitAH zAkya dsyvH| tatkAlIna ghaTavAda, sphoTavAda, hetuvAda, sarvajJa virodhitA, Izvara-kartRtva Adi dArzanika vitaNDAvAdoM kA svAmI akalaMkadeva ne jisa prAmANikatA evaM duruha graMthoM kI racanA dvArA sudRr3ha uttara diyA thA aura tarkasahita khaNDana kiyA thA, vaha dArzanika itihAsa kI bahumUlya dharohara hai| Ajataka akalaMkadeva jaisA tArkika vAgmI aneka zAstrArthoM kA vijetA, manISI bhAratIya dArzanika kSitija para dikhAI nahIM detA hai| unake graMtha, unake tarka evaM unake pramANa itane adhika sabala aura sudRr3ha haiM ki unake Age aura saba hIna aura heya pratIta hote haiN| unakI prAmANikatA itanI adhika sudRr3ha hai ki unake paravartI aneka dhuraMdhara vidvAnoM ne, manISiyoM ne tathA AcAryoM ne unakA AdarapUrvaka puNya smaraNa karate hue ullekha kiyA hai| ve svAmI samantabhadra kI bhAMti syAdvAda paMcAnana ke nAma se vikhyAta the| yathA itthaM samasta yatavAdi karIndra darpa munmUlayanna mala mAnaddar3ha prahAraiH syAdvAda kesara saTA zata tIvra mUrtiH paMcAnano jytyklNkdevH|| unhoMne bauddha darzana kA gahana, gaMbhIra adhyayana kiyA thA isIlie ve jainadarzana ke akATya pramANoM se unakI yuktiyoM kA khaNDana kara sake tathA zAstrArtha meM unheM parAjita kara ske| 'daNDitAH zAkya dasyavaH' jaise vAkya isa bAta ke sArthaka pramANa haiM / rAjA himazItala kI rAjasabhA meM parade ke pIche ghar3e meM baiThI tArAdevI ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane kI ghaTanA itihAsa prasiddha hai| zrI akalaMkadeva kA prAmANika vizada jIvana-paricaya unake graMthoM meM kahIM nahIM milatA hai para unake graMthoM meM jagaha-jagaha sandarbhAnusAra 'akalaMka' zabda kA prayoga unake usa graMtha kA kartRtva ghoSita karatA hai yathA svakartRtva ke prativAdaka vAkya 'vRttiriyaM sakalavAdi cakra cakravartino bhagavato bhaTTAkalaMka devasya iti' yaha vAkya laghIyastraya ke pramANa praveza ke aMta meM likhita puNyikA vAkya hai| kArikA saMkhyA 50 meM prayukta 'prekSavAnakalaMka meti' pada se tathA kArikA saMkhyA 78 meM prayukta bhagavadakalaMkAnAma' ityAdi padoM se laghIyastraya' kI kartRtA zrI akalaMkadeva dvArA hI huI hai aisA sunizcita hotA hai| inake atirikta anantavIryAcAryakRta 'siddhivinizcaya TIkA' meM ullikhita yaha vAkya 'ta duktaM laghIyastraye pramANa phalayo:' tathA zrI vidyAnaMda svAmI dvArA pramANa parIkSA evaM aSTa sahasrI meM taduktamakalaMkadevaiH' dvArA laghIyastraya kI tIsarI kArikA se tathA tattvArtha zlokavArtika meM atrakalaMka devAH prAhuH' kahakara uddhRta laghIyastraya kI dazamI kArikA se laghIyastraya kA kartRtva zrI akalaMkadeva dvArA sunizcita hotA hI hai| zrI malayagiri 'Avazyaka niyukti' kI TIkA meM 'tathA cAhAka laMka devaiH' likhakara laghIyastraya kI kartRtA zrI akalaMkadeva dvArA sunizcita karate haiN|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 nyAyavinizcaya kI kArikA saMkhyA 386 meM prayukta 'visravdhairakalaMka ratna nicayo nyAyo' tathA kArikA saMkhyA 480 meM 'AmavyAda kalaka bhagaphalam' pada prayoga se nyAyavinizcaya kA kartRtva zrI akalaMkadeva dvArA sunizcita hotA hai| zrI vidyAnaMda svAmI dvArA AptaparIkSA meM, anantavIryAcArya dvArA siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM, tathA zrI vAdirAja sUri dvArA 'nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa' meM 'taduktama kalaMka devai' kahakara uddhRta kI gaI kArikA saMkhyA 51 se isakA sabala samarthana hotA hai| nyAyadIpikA' ke kartA AcArya dharmabhUSaNa dvArA 'taduktaM bhagavadbhirakalaMkadevaiH nyAyavinizcaye' likhane se nyAyavinizcaya kI tIsarI kArikA se isakA kartRtva zrI akalaMkadeva dvArA sunizcita hotA hai / 'pramANa saMgraha' kI kArikA saMkhyA 9 meM ullikhita 'akalaMka mahIya sAm' pada pramANasaMgraha kA kartRtva zrI akalaMkadeva dvArA asaMdigdha rUpa se pramANita karatA hai| 'tattvArthazlokavArtika' meM zrI vidyAnaMda svAmI dvArA ullikhita vAkya 'akalaMkairamya dhAyI yaH', svarUpa dUsarI kArikA ke uddharaNa se tathA zrI vAdirAja sUri dvArA 'nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa' meM 'tathA cAtra devasya vacanam' likhakara uddhRta kie gaye isake 'vividhAnuvivAdanasya' vAkya se isake kartRtva akalaMkadeva haiM - kI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai| uparyukta vivaraNoM se zrI akalaMka ke kRtitva kI eka saMkSipta-sI jhalaka mila jAtI hai, unake graMthoM kA vivecana Age kreNge| zrI akalaMkadeva ke vyaktitva evaM jIvana-paricaya ke koI spaSTa sunizcita sAdhana to haiM nahIM, para kucha zilAlekhoM tathA kucha graMtha prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para unakA samaya san 720 se 780 I. taka sunizcita hotA hai / inake pitAzrI puruSottamajI mAnyakheTa ke rAjA zubhatuMga ke maMtrI the| inake choTe bhAI kA nAma ni:kalaMka thA jo bar3I vicakSaNa pratibhA kA dhanI thA, do bAra sunane para hI use tathya vastu yAda ho jAtI thI para dhArmika vidveSa ke kAraNa use akAla kAla-kavalita honA par3A jisakA vistRta vivecana Age kreNge| 'rAjavalI kathe' nAmaka graMtha meM akalaMkadeva ko kAMcI ke brAhmaNa paMDita zrI jinadAsa kA putra batAyA hai| inakI mAtuzrI kA nAma jinamatI thA tathA guru kA nAma ravigupta thaa| jaba gurujI ke pAsa par3hane gaye to ASTAhnikA parva cala rahA thA ataH gurujI ne parva ke dinoM meM brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karane ko kahA to saharSa taiyAra ho gaye aura isa asidhArA vrata kA unhoMne AjIvana niSThApUrvaka pAlana kiyaa| yuvAvasthA meM jaba vivAha kI carcA AI to gurujI dvArA pradatta brahmacaryavrata kA ullekha kara vivAhaprakaraNa ko samApta kara diyA, unheM samajhAyA gayA ki vaha to unhIM parva ke dinoM taka sImita vrata thA para ve apanI bAta para aDiga rahe aura jainazAsana kI dharmadhvajA ko abAdharUpa se phaharAte rhe| rAjavArtika ke prathama adhyAya ke aMta meM ullikhita nimna zloka se zrI akalaMka rAjA laghuhavva ke varatanaya - jyeSTha putra the| yathA jIyAccirama kalaMka brahmA laghuhavva nRpati vara tnyH| anavarata nikhila jana nuta vidyaH prazasta jana hRdyH||
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki laghuhavva aura puruSottama eka hI vyakti haiN| karnATaka meM pitA ke lie avva yA appa zabda prayukta hotA hai| cUMki zrI akalaMka ke pitAzrI eka tAllukedAra hokara bhI viziSTa rAjamAnya zreSThapuruSa to the hI, ataH unheM nRpati zabda kA saMbodhana sammAna-sUcaka to hai hii| aba laghuhavva aura laghuavva kI samasyA AtI hai so uccAraNa kI vividhatA evaM pratilekhana ke vaicitrya ke kAraNa 'a' 'ha' meM parivartita ho gayA aura laghuavva, laghuhavva meM pracalita ho gyaa| isa prakAra zrI akalaMkadeva ke pitAzrI kA asalI nAma puruSottama thA para pracalita nAma 'laghuhavva' rhaa| zrI akalaMkadeva kI janmabhUmi mAnyakheTa ke Asa-pAsa hI rahI hogI, kyoMki mAnyakheTa ko rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karanevAle mahArAja amoghavarSa the| rASTrakUTa vaMzIya mahArAja indrarAja dvitIya aura kRSNarAja prathama donoM bhAI-bhAI the| indrarAja dvitIya kA putra dantidurga pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI bnaa| saMbhava hai dantidurga apane cAcA kRSNarAja prathama ko avva' zabda se saMbodhita karatA ho / karnATaka kI prathA ke anusAra 'avva' pitA yA cAcA kA bodhaka hai, ata: yaha sAmAnya sI bAta hai ki rAjA jise 'avva' kahe prajAjana use vaisA hI saMbodhita karane lgeNge| kRSNarAja prathama kA apara nAma zubhatuMga thA jo dantidurga kI alpavaya meM hI mRtyu ho jAne ke kAraNa usake rAjya siMhAsana para virAjamAna huaa| usakI prazaMsA meM likhA hai - zrIkRSNa rAjasya zubhatuMga turaga pravRddhareNvardha ruddha ravikiraNam kRSNarAja (zubhatuMga) bar3A pratApI rAjA thaa| usane kAMcI, kerala, cola Adi rAjyoM ko parAjita kara apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| yathA kAMcIza kerala narAdhika cola pANDeya zrIharSavajraTa vibheda vidhaandkssN| karNATakaM balama naMta yajeyarathyaiH bhRtyaiH kiyadirapi yaH sahasA jigaay|| dantidurga kA apara nAma sAhasatuMga bhI pracalita thaa| vaha apane cAcA kRSNarAja (zubhatuMga) ko 'laghu avva' saMbodhana se saMbodhita karatA thaa| to zrI puruSottama (akalaMka ke pitAzrI) kRSNarAja (zubhatuMga) ke pahale se hI laghu sahakArI rahe haiM, ata: dantidurga jaise kRSNarAja ko laghu avva kahA karate the usI taraha puruSottama bhI laghuavva nAma se prasiddha ho gye| dantidurga kI prazasti vAcana karate hue zrI malliSeNajI likhate haiMtatrAnvaye'pyabhavadekapatiH pRthivyAm, zrI dantidurga iti durdhara baahuviiryo| cAlukya sindhumathanodbhava rAjalakSmIm, yo sababhAra ciramAtma kulaika kaantaam|| tasmin sAhasatuMga nAmninRpatau svasundarI prArthitai, yasyetadAtmano'nanya sAmAnya niravadya vidyA vibhvopvrnnnmaakrnnyte|| uparyukta malliSeNa prazasti se spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki dantidurga bar3A parAkramI thA, usakA apara nAma sAhasatuMga thaa| usane cAlukyoM kI rAjalakSmI ko apanI kAntA ke samAna dhAraNa kiyA thaa|
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________________ 5 jainavidyA - 20-21 brahma nemidatta ke kathAkoza ke anusAra jaba akalaMka aura ni:kalaMka bauddha darzana ke adhyayanArtha kisI bauddha maTha meM gaye, una dinoM jainoM aura bauddhoM meM paraspara tIvra manomAlinya rahatA thA, ataH bauddha maTha meM dAkhila honA sarala kAma na thA, phira bhI ve apanI pratibhA ke bala para vahA~ praveza pA gye| eka dina bauddha guru diGnAga ke anekAnta-khaNDana kA pATha par3hA rahe the para pUrvapakSa kA pATha kucha durUha athavA azuddha thA, jisase bauddha guru digbhrAnta ho gaye aura pATha ko agale dina ke lie sthagita kara diyaa| svAmI akalaMkadeva use saralatA se samajha gaye aura rAtri ko uThakara unhoMne usa pATha ko saMzodhita kara diyaa| jaba bauddha guru ne agale dina saMzodhita pATha dekhA to ve samajha gaye ki yahA~ koI jaina vidvAna guptarUpa se adhyayana kara rahA hai, unheM bhaya ho gayA, ataH talAza karane ke lie jainamUrti ko lA~ghane kA kAryakrama rakhA gyaa| donoM bhAI mUrti para hoziyArI aura caturAI se dhAgA DAlakara jainamUrti lA~gha gaye aura kucha bhI patA nahIM claa| aba to maTha ke sabhI adhikArIgaNa aura vidvAn cintita aura vyAkula ho utthe| khisiyAkara unhoMne rAta ko jaba sabhI chAtra gaharI nidrA meM so rahe the to sahasA kA~se ke bartanoM kI borI jIne se nIce lur3hakA dI jisase sabhI chAtra bhayabhIta ho apane-apane iSTadeva kA puNya smaraNa karane lge| ye donoM bhAI NamokAra maMtra kA jApa karate hue pakar3e gaye aura unheM maTha kI dUsarI maMjila meM baMda kara diyA gayA, para donoM bhAI chatarI ke sahAre Upara se kUdakara bhAga nikle| jaba dUsare dina donoM bhAI nahIM mile to unheM DhU~Dhane ke lie sipAhI bheje gye| sipAhI unheM DhU~r3hate hue eka nadI taTa para Aye jahA~ eka dhobI vastra dho rahA thaa| udhara donoM bhAiyoM meM vivAda cala rahA thA ki tuma chipa jAo, dUsarA kahatA tuma chipa jAo, samaya adhika thA nahIM, ata: akalaMka hI nadI meM chipa gaye aura sipAhiyoM ne donoM (dhobI aura ni:kalaMka) ko talavAra ke ghATa utAra diyaa| sipAhiyoM ke cale jAne para akalaMka nadI se bAhara nikale aura kaliMga deza ke ratnasaMcayapura nagara meM pdhaare| vahA~ rAjA himazItala kA rAjya thA, unakI rAnI madanasundarI jaina dharmAvalaMbinI thii| ASTAhnikA parva ke dina the, rAnI madanasundarI jaina rathayAtrA nikalavAnA cAhatI thI, para bauddhaguru ke bahakAne meM Akara rAjA himazItala ne jaina rathayAtrA nikalavAne kI anumati nahIM dI aura zarta lagA dI ki yadi koI jainaguru bauddhaguru ko zAstrArtha meM harA de to rathayAtrA nikala sakatI hai| isase rAnI madanasundarI bahuta cintita huI aura dharmopAsanA meM aura adhika vizeSarUpa se tallIna ho gii| sahasA akalaMkadeva rAjA himazItala kI sabhA meM padhAre aura bauddhaguru se zAstrArtha ke lie taiyAra ho gye| saMghazrI paradA DAlakara parade ke pIche se zAstrArtha kara rahA thA, isa taraha zAstrArtha karate hue cha: mAha bIta gae para koI niSkarSa na niklaa| eka rAtri ko candrezvarI devI ne akalaMka ko rahasya batAyA ki parade ke pIche ghaTa meM sthita tArAdevI zAstrArtha kara rahI hai, guru saMghazrI nahIM, ataH prAta: tuma kisI bhI prazna yA uttara kI punarAvRtti ke lie kahanA, basa isI se usakI parAjaya ho jaavegii| candrezvarI devI ke parAmarza anusAra agale dina akalaMkadeva ne vaisA hI kiyA aura punarAvRtti ke lie kahA para koI uttara na milA taba to akalaMkadeva ne parade ko haTAkara ke tatrasthita ghar3e ko paira kI Thokara se tor3a diyaa| nimna padya pramANarUpa meM prastuta hai
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________________ O jainavidyA - 20-21 nAhaMkAra vazIkRtena manasA na dveSiNA kevalaM, nairAtmayaM pratipadya nazyati jano kAruNya buddhayA myaa| rAjJa zrI himazItalasya sadasi prAyo vidagdhAtmano, bauddhodhAna sakalAnvijitya sugata: (saghaTa:) pAdena visphottitH|| akalaMkadeva ke samaya ke viSaya meM akalaMka carita meM nimna padya prApta hotA hai, para isa para vidvAnoM meM do pakSa ubharate haiM- vikramArka zakAbdIya zatasapta prbhaajussi| kAle'kalaMka yatino bauddhervAdo mhaanbhuut|| uparyukta zloka meM vikrama saMvat aura zaka zabda vAcaka zabda hone se vidvAnoM meM do pakSa ho gaye haiN| vikramArka ko mAnanevAle DaoN. zrIkRSNa zAstrI tathA jugalakizorajI mukhtyAra haiM jo akalaMka kA samaya vikrama saMvat 700 (643 I.) sunizcita karate haiM, para dUsarA pakSa 'zakAbdIya' zabda ko mahatva detA hai, ataH yaha pakSa akalaMka kA samaya zaka saMvat 700 (778 I.) mAnatA haiN| isake pakSadhara zrI DaoN. ke.vI. pAThakajI haiM / DaoN. pAThaka malliSeNa prazasti ke nimna zloka ke AdhAra para akalaMka kA samaya nizcita karate haiM - , rAjan sAhasatuMga santi vahavaH zvetAtapatrAH nRpAH, kintu tvatsaddazo vijayinaH tyAgonnatAH durlbhaaH| tadvatsanti budhAH na santi kavayo vAdIzvarA vAgmino, nAnAzAstra vicAra cAturadhiyaH kAle kalau mdvidhaa||21|| rAjan sarvAridarpa pravidalana paTustvaM yathAtra prasiddha, stadvatkhyAto'hamasyAMbhuvi nikhala madotpATanaH pnndditaanaam| no cedeSo'yahamete tava sadasi sadA santi santo mahAnato, vavatuM yasyAsti zaktiH savadatu viditAzeSa zAstro yadi syaat||22|| DaoN. pAThaka kA mantavya hai ki akalaMka rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA dantidurga (sAhasatuMga) ke yA kRSNarAja prathama ke samakAlIna the| isa pakSa ke samarthaka sva. zrI DaoN. Ara.jI. bhANDArakara, sva. DaoN. satIzacaMda vidyAbhUSaNa tathA sva. paNDita nAthUrAmajI premI rahe haiM, inakI yuktiyA~ haiM - pahalI punnATavaMzI jinasena ke harivaMza purANa meM akalaMka kA ullekha honA, dUsarI akalaMka dvArA dharmakIrti nAmaka bauddha vidvAna kA khaMDana karanA. tIsarI prabhAcaMda ke kathAkoza meM akalaMka kA zubhatuMga ke maMtrI kA putrollekha honaa| DaoN. zrIkRSNa zAstrI aura jugalakizorajI mukhyAra ke pakSa kA samarthana DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye tathA paM. kailAzacandrajI zAstrI Adi ne kiyA hai| inakI yuktiyA~ haiM - vIrasena kI dhavalA TIkA meM rAjavArtika kA ullekha honA, dUsarI haribhadra dvArA 'akalaMka nyAya' zabda kA prayoga karanA, tIsarI siddhasena gaNi kA siddhivinizcaya vAlA ullekha tathA jinadAsa gaNi mahattara dvArA 'nizIya cUrNi' meM siddhivinizcaya kA darzana prabhAvaka zAstra ke rUpa meM likhA jAnA Adi-Adi pramANa
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 haiN| isa taraha kevala 135 varSa ke antarAla para vidvAnoM meM pakSabheda hai| svAmI akalaMkadeva ne apane se pUrvavartI jainetara vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jaise bhartRhari (600-650 I.), kumArila (600680 I.), prajJAkara (670-725 I.), karNaka gomi (690-750 I.), dharmakIrti (620-690 I.), dharmotra (650-720 I.), zAntarakSita (705-762 I.) aadi-aadi| isase akalaMkadeva kA samaya san 720 se 780 I. sunizcita hotA hai| akalaMkadeva kA kRtitva ati mahAn, duruha evaM gahana-gaMbhIra hai| inake dvArA racita(1) tatvArtharAjavArtika bhASya, (2) aSTazatI, (3) laghIya straya savivRtti, (4) nyAyavinizcaya savRtti, (5) siddhivinizcaya, (6) pramANa saMgraha svopjny| tatvArtha rAjavArtika bhASya-isa mahAgraMtha meM gRddhapicchAcArya (umAsvAmI) ke tatvArthasUtra ke 355 sUtroM meM se saralatama 27 sUtroM ko chor3akara zeSa 328 sUtroM para gadyavArtikoM kI racanA kI gaI hai, jinakI saMkhyA do hajAra cha: sau sattara hai| ina vArtikoM dvArA sUtrakAra ke sUtroM para saMbhAvita vipratipattiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara sUtrakAra ke sUtroM ke marma kA udghATana kiyA hai| vArtika zailI meM likhA yaha sarvaprathama graMtha hai| graMtha kI puSpikAoM meM isa graMtha kA nAma 'tatvArthavArtika vyAkhyAnAlaMkAra' diyA gayA hai| pUjyapAda (devanandI) kI sarvArthasiddhi (tatvArthavRtti) kA bahabhAga isameM mUlavArtika rUpa meM samAviSTa ho gayA hai| isa graMtha kI bhASA atyaMta sarala hai jabaki aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcaya tathA pramANa-saMgrahAdi kI bhASA atyaMta kliSTa hai| yadi aSTazatI para aSTasahasrI TIkA na hotI to usakA artha samajha pAnA atyanta kaThina hotaa| prastuta graMtha meM dvAdazAMga kA nirUpaNa karate samaya kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI aura AjJAnika meM jina sAkalya, vASkala, kuMthumi, kaTha, mAdhyandina, mauda, paippalAda, gArgya, maudgalAyana, AzvalAyana Adi manISI RSiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve saba RgvedAdi ke zAkhA RSi haiM / isa graMtha meM saiddhAntika, bhaugolika aura dArzanika sabhI carcAoM kA ullekha yathAsthAna prApta hotA hai, graMtha meM sarvatra saptabhaMgI va anekAntavAda kI carcA vistRta rUpa se kI gaI hai| akalaMkadeva acche suvijJa vaiyyAkaraNa bhI the| unhoMne isa graMtha meM jahA~ pUjyapAda aura jainendra ke vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI ullekha kie haiM vahA~ pANini aura pAtaMjali bhASyakAra ko bhI nahIM bhUla pAye haiN| bhUgola aura khagola varNana ke lie yativRSabha kI tiloya paNNati kA bhI unhoMne bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai / ata: yaha graMtha tatvArthasUtra kI upalabdha TIkAoM meM mUrdhanya aura zreSTha Akara (saMgraha) graMtha hai| isameM akalaMkadeva kI vicakSaNa pratibhA aura tIvra prajJA ke darzana jagaha-jagaha dikhAI dete haiN| isameM jainetara graMthoM ke uddharaNa bahulatA se prApta hote haiM jisase unakI mahattA kA jJAna sahaja hI prApta ho jAtA hai| tatvArthasUtra para isa jaisA koI dUsarA bhASyagraMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| ___aSTazatI-yaha graMtha svAmI samantabhadrAcAryakRta 'Apta mImAMsA devAgama stotra kI saMkSipta vRtti hai| isakA jaisA nAma hai, vaise hI 800 zloka pramANa racanA hai| isa para yadi vidyAnaMda svAmI aSTasahasrI TIkA na likha jAte to isakA artha samajha pAnA bar3A duruha ho jaataa| vaise aSTasahasrI bhI koI kama kaThina graMtha nahIM hai| ataH vidyArthI upahAsa meM ise 'kaSTasahasrI' kA nAma rUpAntarita karate haiN| svayaM vidyAnaMda svAmIjI likhate haiM
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 zrotavyA aSTasahasrI zrutaiH kimanyaiH sahasra saMkhyAnaiH / / isameM sadaikAnta, asadaikAnta, bhedaikAnta, abhedaikAnta, nityaikAnta, kSaNikaikAnta Adi aneka ekAntoM kI AlocanA karate hue pApa-puNya kI carcA kI hai| isameM Apta kI mahattA kA vivecana karate hue vItarAga sarvajJa ko hI Apta siddha kiyA hai aura aMta meM pramANa aura naya kI carcA prastuta kI hai| laghIyastraya savivRtti-yaha choTe-choTe tIna prakaraNoM kA saMgraha graMtha haiN| ye prakaraNa haiM(1) pramANa praveza, (2) naya praveza aura (3) pravacana prvesh| isameM kula 70 mUla kArikAeM haiN| graMtha ko saralatA se avagAhana hetu akalaMkadeva ne laghIyastraya para vivRttirUpa vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| jo vyAkhyA na hokara usameM sUcita viSayoM kI pUraka hai| isa graMtha ke chaH pariccheda haiM / prathama pariccheda meM samyagjJAna kI pramANatA tathA usake pratyakSa-parokSAdi bhedoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai aura pUrvajJAnI kI pramANatA siddha kI hai| dUsare pariccheda meM prameya saMbaMdhI carcA vistAra se kI hai aura nityaikAnta tathA kSaNikaikAnta kI carcA vizadatA se kI hai| tIsare pariccheda meM parokSa-pramANa saMbaMdhI viSayoM kI carcA kI haiN| cauthe pariccheda meM jJAna kI ekAntika pramANatA yA apramANatA kA niSedha karake pramANabhASa kA svarUpa, zruta kI pramANatA aura Agama pramANa Adi kI carcA hai| pA~caveM pariccheda meM nayoM kI vivecanA kI hai, naya aura durnaya ke lakSaNa tathA bhedoM kI carcA hai / chaThe pariccheda meM pramANa aura naya kA vivecana karate hue sakalAdeza vikalAdeza para vicAra vyakta kie haiN| yaha graMtha akalaMkadeva kI pahalI maulika kRti hai| nyAyavinizcaya savRtti-prastuta graMtha meM 480 zloka haiM, jo tIna paricchedoM meM vibhakta haiM(1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna aura (3) prvcn| saMbhava hai graMthakartA ne isa para bhI koI cUrNi yA . vRtti likhI ho, para prayatna karane para bhI upalabdha na ho skii| prathama pariccheda meM pratyakSa kA lakSaNa tathA usake bheda-prabhedoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai aura jainetara dArzanika dharmakIrti, bauddha, sAMkhya, naiyAyika Adi ke dvArA sammata pratyakSa kI DaTakara samAlocanA aura khaMDana kiyA hai| __ dUsare pariccheda meM anumAna kA lakSaNa tathA tatsaMbaMdhI anya hetu va hetvAbhAsoM kI AlocanA karate hue anekAnta aura akiJcitkara Adi kI carcA kI hai| tIsare pariccheda meM pravacana prastAva kA svarUpa, sugata ke Aptatva kA nirAkaraNa, sugata ke karuNa'tatva tathA caturArtha pratipAdakatva kA parihAsa, Agama ke apauruSeyatva kA khaNDana, sarvajJatA kA samarthana, mokSa aura saptabhaMgIkA nirUpaNa, syAdvAda meM diye jAnevAle saMvAyAdi doSoM kA parihAra tathA pramANa ke phalAdi viSayoM kA vizadatA se vivecana huA hai / isa graMtha para vAdirAja dvArA racita vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hai, jo 'nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| vAdirAja kA samaya zaka saMvat 940 (san 1025 I.) sunizcita hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 siddhivinizcaya-akalaMkadeva kI yaha eka ati mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM 12 prastAva haiM jinameM pramANa naya aura nikSepa kA vizada vivecana hai| prastAvoM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM(1) pratyakSa siddhi, (2) savikalpa siddhi, (3) pramANAntara siddhi, (4) jIva siddhi, (5) jalpa siddhi, (6) hetulakSaNa siddhi, (7) zAstra siddhi, (8) sarvajJa siddhi, (9) zabda siddhi, (10) arthanaya siddhi, (11) zabdanaya siddhi aura (12) nikSepa siddhi| inake nAmoM se prastAva gata viSayoM kA jJAna saralatA se pratIta ho jAtA hai| ina prastAvoM ke kramika vikAsa kI dRSTi se ye 12 prastAva cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kie gaye haiM- (1) pramANa mImAMsA, (2) prameya mImAMsA, (3) naya mImAMsA aura (4) nikSepa miimaaNsaa| isa saMkSipta vivecana se graMtha kI mahattA kA AbhAsa mila jAtA hai| isa taraha akalaMka kI kRtiyAM jainazAsana kI mahatvapUrNa evaM mUlyavAna racanAe~ haiN| pramANa saMgraha-isa graMtha ke viSaya meM 'yathA nAma tathA guNa kI ukti caritArtha hotI hai; isameM pramANoM aura yuktiyoM kA saMgraha vidyamAna hai| isa graMtha kI bhASA evaM viSaya zailI donoM hI atyadhika jaTila aura durUha hai| yaha laghIyastraya aura nyAya vinizcaya se bhI adhika durUha aura kaThina hai| sArA graMtha prameyabahula hai, isameM nau prastAva tathA 877, kArikAeM haiN| isa para graMthakartA ne kArikAoM ke atirikta pUrakavRtti bhI likhI hai| isa taraha gadya-padyamaya saMpUrNa grantha kA pramANa aSTazatI ke barAbara hI ho jAtA hai| isa graMtha para anantavIryakRta pramANa saMgrahAlaMkAra nAmakI koI TIkA rahI hai jisakA ullekha siddhivinizcaya TIkA ke pR. 8, 10 aura 130 para nirdiSTa hai| . graMtha ke prathama prastAva meM nau kArikAe~ haiM jinameM pratyakSa kAla zruta, anumAna aura AgamapUrvaka diyA hai tathA pramANa vA phalAdi kI carcA hai| dUsare prastAva meM bhI nau kArikAe~ haiM jinameM parokSa ke bheda smRti pratyabhijJAna tarkAdi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare prastAva meM dasa kArikAe~ haiM jinameM anumAna ke avayava, sAdhya, sAdhana aura sAdhyAbhAsa kA lakSaNa, sadaikAnta meM sAdhya prayoga kI asaMbhavatA, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastu kI sAdhyatA aura usameM diye jAnevAle saMzayAdi ATha doSoM ke nirAkaraNa Adi kI carcA hai / cauthe prastAva meM sAr3he gyAraha kArikAoM dvArA trirUpa kA nirAkaraNa, anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu kA samarthana, aura hetu ke upalabdhi-anupalabdhi Adi bhedoM kA vivecana tathA kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara hetuoM kA samarthana hai| pA~caveM prastAva meM sAr3he dasa kArikAoM dvArA viruddhAdi hetvAbhAsoM kA varNana hai / chaThe prastAva meM 12'/, kArikAoM dvArA vAda kA lakSaNa jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA svarUpa, jAti kA lakSaNa Adi vAda saMbaMdhI vivecana hai aura aMta meM dharmakIrti dvArA parivAdiyoM ke prati jADyAdi apazabdoM ke prayoga kA uttara diyA hai| sAtaveM prastAva meM dasa kArikAoM dvArA pravacana kA lakSaNa, sarvajJatA kA samarthana, apauruSeyatva kA khaNDana, tatvajJAna cAritra kI mokSahetutA kI carcA hai / AThaveM prastAva meM teraha kArikAoM dvArA saptabhaMgI aura naigamAdi nayoMkA nirupaNa hai| nauveM prastAva meM do kArikAoM dvArA pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kA upasaMhAra kiyA hai| isa taraha akalaMkadeva kI sabhI kRtiyAM ati mahatvapUrNa haiM tathA jainanyAya ke lie apUrva dena haiN|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 ___ akalaMka nAma ke kucha anya vidvAn-zrImadbhaTTAkalaMka deva svAmI apane samaya ke itane bar3e diggaja prakAMDa paNDita tathA vikhyAta manISI the ki unakI yaza:patAkA digdiganta taka prakhyAtarUpa se phaharAtI rahI, phalataH unake uttaravartI vidvAnoM ne tathA unake mAtA-pitA ne 'akalaMka' nAma ko itanA adhika punIta aura sArthaka samajhA aura svayaM ko akalaMka nAma se athavA mAtA-pitA ne akalaMka nAma-nikSepa meM bar3e gaurava aura Ananda kI anubhUti kI hogI, ataH hama yahA~ aise akalaMka nAmadhArI lagabhaga gyAraha vidvAnoM kA saMkSipta-sA ullekha karane kA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara pA rahe haiM (1) akalaMka candra - naMdIsaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa aura kundakundAnvaya kI paTTAvalI ke 73 veM guru vardhamAna kIrti ke pazcAt aura lalita kIrti ke pUrva inakA ullekha milatA hai| samaya hai 1199-1200 I., gvAliyara pttttaantrgt| (2) akalaMkatraividya - mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha, koNDakoNDAnvaya kolhApurIya zAkhA ke vidvAn the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM sadI hai| (3) akalaMka paNDita - inakA ullekha zravaNagolastha candragiri ke zilAlekha saM. 169 meM pAyA jAtA hai jo san 1098 I. meM utkIrNita huA thaa| (4) akalaMkadeva - inhoMne dravir3a saMgha nandyAnvaya ke vAdirAja muni ke ziSya mahAmaNDalAcArya rAjaguru puSpasena muni ke sAtha zaka saMvat 1178 (1256 I.) meM humca meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| ye puSpasena ke sadharmA tathA guNasena saiddhAntika ke guru the| (5) akalaMka muniya - ye naMdIsaMgha, balAtkAragaNa ke jayakIrti ke ziSya, candraprabha ke sadharmA tathA vijayakIrti, pAlyakIrti, vimalakIrti, zrIpAlakIrti aura AryikA candramatI ke guru the| saMgItapura nareza sAluvadevarAya inakA parama bhakta thaa| baMkapura meM inhoMne nRpa mAdanaellapa ke madonmatta pradhAna gajendra ko apane tapobala se zAMta kiyA thaa| inakA svargavAsa zaka saM. 1417 (1535 I.) meM huA thaa| (6) akalaMkadeva - ye mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha, kundakundAnvaya meM zravaNavelgola maTha ke cArUkIrti paNDita kI ziSya paraMparA ke the tathA saMgItapura (dakSiNI kanArA jilA) ke bhaTTAraka the| ye karnATaka zabdAnuzAsana ke kartA bhaTTAkalaMka deva ke guru aura saMbhavatayA akalaMka muniya ke praziSya the| inakA samaya san 1550 se 1575 I. ke lagabhaga pratIta hotA hai| (7) akalaMkadeva ( bhaTTAkalaMkadeva) - ye mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa ke vidvAn tathA sudhApura ke bhaTTAraka the| vijayanareza veMkaTapatirAya (1586-1615 I.) ke dvArA samAdRta tathA karnATaka zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka prasiddha kanaDI vyAkaraNa aura maMjarI makaraMda zobhakRta saMvatsara ke racayitA the| samaya 1604 I. ke lgbhg| __(8) akalaMka muniya - dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha ke kanakagiri (kararkala) ke bhaTTAraka the| zaka saM. 1735 (vikrama saM. 1870-san 1813 I.) meM inhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa|
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________________ 11 jainavidyA - 20-21 (9) akalaMkadeva - inheM akalaMka pratiSThApATha yA pratiSThAkalpa kA racayitA kahA jAtA hai| isameM 9vIM sadI se lekara somasena ke trivarNAcAra (1702 I.) taka ke ullekha tathA uddharaNa pAye jAte haiN| inakA samaya 18vIM. sadI kA pUrvArddha hai| (10) akalaMka - 'paramAgamasAra' nAmaka kannar3a graMtha ke rcyitaa| (11) akalaMka - caityavandanAdi pratikramaNasUtra, sAdhuzrAddha pratikramaNa aura padaparyAya maMjarI Adi graMthoM ke rcyitaa| ___ isa taraha zrImadbhaTTAkalaMkadeva svAmI kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bhAratIya vAGmaya ke itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM ullekhanIya hai; unhoMne jainazAsana tathA jainanyAya ke kSetra meM maulika upalabdhiyA~ prApta kI tathA durUha aura prAmANika graMthoM kI racanA kara bhagavatI bhAratI ke bhaNDAra ko samRddha aura sampanna kiyA hai, aise yugapuruSa ko zata-zata namana, zata-zata abhinndn| aMta meM una sabhI manISI vidvAnoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana karatA hU~ jinake graMthoM, lekhoM tathA sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para yaha Alekha paripUrNa ho skaa| 1. nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 604 2. vahI, pR. 472 3. pArzvanAthacarita, zrI vAdirAja kRta 4. epIgrAphikA iMDikA III, pR. 106 5. zAmagar3ha (kolhApura) kA dAnapatra zaka saM. 675, iMDiyana enTIkverI bhAga 11, pR. 11 6. malliveThA (zaka saM. 1050 tadanusAra 1128 I.) kI prazasti meM zruti-kuTIra 68, vizvAsa nagara zAhadarA - dillI 110032
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 bhAvanA maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthAni ca stvgunnaadhikklishymaanvinyessu| pareSAM duHkhAnutpattyabhilAkho maitrii||1|| svakAyavAGmanobhiH kRtakAritAnumatavizeSaNaiH pareSAM duHkhAnutpattau abhilASaH mitrasya bhAvaH karma vA maitrii| vadanaprasAdAdibhirabhivyajyamAnAntarbhaktirAgaH prmodH||2 // vadanaprasAdenanayanaprahlAdanena romAJcodbhavena stutyabhIkSNasaMjJAsaMkIrtanAdibhizca abhivyajyamAnA'ntarbhaktirAgaH prakarSaNa modaH pramodaH ityucyte| dInAnugrahabhAvaH kaarunnym|| 3 ||shaariirmaansduHkhaabhyrditaanaaN dInAnAM prANinAM anugrahAtmakaH pariNAmaH karuNasya bhAvaH karma vA kAruNyamiti kthyte| rAgadveSapUrvakapakSapAtA'bhAvo maadhysthym||4 ||raagaat dveSAcca kasyacit pakSe patanaM pakSapAtaH tadabhAvAt madhye tiSThatIti madhyasthaH, madhyasthasya bhAvaH karma vA maadhysthym| tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7.11 prANimAtra meM maitrI, guNIjanoM meM pramoda, duHkhI jIvoM meM karuNA tathA viruddhacittavAloM meM mAdhyasthya bhAva rakhanA caahie| mana-vacana-kAya kRta-kArita aura anumodana hara prakAra se dUsare ko du:kha na hone dene kI abhilASA ko maitrI kahate haiM / mukha kI prasannatA, netra kA AhlAda, romAJca, stuti, sadguNa-kIrtana Adi ke dvArA prakaTa honevAlI antaraMga kI bhakti aura rAga pramoda hai / zArIra aura mAnasa du:khoM se pIr3ita dIna prANiyoM para anugraharUpa bhAva kAruNya hai| rAgadveSapUrvaka kisI eka pakSa meM na par3ane ke bhAva ko mAdhyasthya bhAva-taTastha bhAva kahate haiN| anu. - pro. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 jina-zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya akalaMka - zrI ramAkAnta jaina shriimtprmgmbhiirsyaadvaadaamoghlaanychnm| jIyAt trailokyanAthasya zAsanaM jinshaasnm|| arthAt usa jina-zAsana (jaina dharma) kI jaya ho jo una trailokyanAtha (jinendradeva) kA zAsana (dharma) hai jinakA amogha lAJchana (nirvivAda pahacAna) parama gambhIra syAdvAda siddhAnta hai| yaha zloka DaoN. bI.e. sAltora ne san 1938 I. meM prakAzita apanI pustaka 'meDivala jainijma' meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai| yahI zloka dakSiNa bhArata meM karNATaka rAjya meM prApta 8vIM zatI IsvI se 12vIM zatI IsvI taka ke anaginata jaina zilAlekhoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA pAyA gayA hai| hummaca ke sAntara vaMza ke saMsthApaka jinadattarAya kA zilAlekha aba taka jJAta aura upalabdha zilAlekhoM meM prathama zilAlekha hai jisameM yaha maMgala-zloka prayukta huA hai| isa lekha meM yadyapi varSa saMkhyA nahIM dI hai, kintu samvatsara kA nAma 'sAdhAraNa' diyA hai| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne 'jaina saMdeza-zodhAGka 4', pRSTha 132-133 para sAntara vaMza kI vaMzAvalI ke pariprekSya meM isa bAta ko dRSTigata rakhate hue ki 8vIM zatI meM samvatsara 'sAdhAraNa' do bAra par3A thA, sAntara vaMza ke saMsthApaka jinadattarAya aura usake dvArA utkIrNa karAye gaye isa zilAlekha kA samaya 8vIM zatI IsvI ke madhya ke lagabhaga rahe hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| tadanantara 875 I. ke sauMdatti ke
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________________ 14 jainavidyA - 20-21 pRthvIrAmaraTTa ke zilAlekha meM aura 980 I. ke cAlukya tailapadeva ke sAmanta aura sauMdatti ke ukta raTTarAja pRthvIrAma ke pautra zAntivarmana dvArA kaNDUragaNa ke muniyoM ko dAna diye jAne sambandhI zilAlekha meM yaha maMgala zloka prayukta huA pAyA jAtA hai| 11vIM zatI ke 18 aura 12vIM zatI ke 65 zilAlekhoM, dAnapatroM Adi meM bhI isa zloka kA maMgalAcaraNarUpa meM prayoga huA pAye jAne kA ullekha DaoN. jaina ne kiyA hai| yadyapi aura bhI bhinna-bhinna maMgala zloka tatkAlIna jaina abhilekhoM aura jaina zilAlekhoM meM prayukta hue haiM, kintu jitanI adhika saMkhyA meM ukta zloka maMgalAcaraNa svarUpa prayukta huA pAyA gayA hai vaha isakI lokapriyatA kA paricAyaka hai| zilAlekhoM aura abhilekhoM meM hI nahIM, dakSiNa bhArata meM madhyakAla meM race gaye aneka granthoM meM bhI isa zloka kA maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prayoga huA batAyA jAtA hai aura yahI nahIM kitane hI jainetara abhilekhoM meM bhI ise mAtra isa saMzodhana ke sAtha ki 'jinazAsanam' ke sthAna para 'zivazAsanam' pratisthApita kara diyA gayA, apanAyA gayA batAyA jAtA hai| prabhUta prayoga ke kAraNa vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa zloka kI ora AkRSTa honA svAbhAvika thaa| apUrva zabda-vinyAsavAlA aura arthagAmbhIrya se paripUrNa yaha zloka syAdvAda siddhAnta ke kisI diggaja AcArya, bhASA-paNDita aura atyadhika prabhAvaka vidvAn dvArA racita honA cAhiye, isa bAta meM to koI sandeha nahIM thA, kintu isakA mUlasrota kyA hai, racayitA kauna hai, isakI jAnakArI aba se lagabhaga 60 varSa pahale taka nahIM thii| yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA thA ki jisa prakAra aneka jainetara abhilekhoM kA maMgala-zloka 'namastuGga...' mahAkavi bANabhaTTa ke 'harSacarita' ke maMgalAcaraNa se abhinna siddha huA hai, yaha zloka bhI saMbhavatayA kisI prasiddha jaina grantha kA maMgalazloka Adi rahA hogaa| akalaMka racita 'pramANasaMgraha' kA ullekha akalaMka ke kaI TIkAkAroM ne kiyA thA, kintu isakI mUla yA saTIka prati upalabdha nahIM ho pA rahI thii| prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajI aura nyAyAcArya DaoN. mahendrakumArajI usakI khoja meM the| antataH pATana ke jaina pustaka bhaNDAra meM unheM ukta grantha kI prati prApta huii| isa grantha ko dekhane para vidita huA ki ukta maMgala-zloka 'pramANasaMgraha' kA maMgala-zloka hai aura isake racayitA akalaMka haiN| ___ jaina paramparA meM akalaMka nAma ke lagabhaga do darjana AcArya, vidvAna, muni hue haiM jinakA paricaya-vivaraNa DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne apane 'jaina-jyotiH aitihAsika vyaktikoza-prathama khaNDa' meM pRSTha 3-6 para diyA hai| unameM kramAMka 1 para ullikhita akalaMkadeva (7vIM zatI IsvI) ko chor3akara zeSa akalaMka 11vIM zatI ke uparAnta ke vidvAna haiN| mahAkavi dhanaJjaya kI 'nAmamAlA' meM eka zloka AyA hai pramANamakalaMkasya pUjyapAdasya lkssnnm| dhanaJjayakaveH kAvyaM rtntrympshcimm||
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 15 isakA artha hai- akalaMka kA pramANa, pUjyapAda kA vyAkaraNa aura dhanaJjaya kavi kA kAvya ye tInoM apazcima ratna haiN| dhanaJjaya kavi kA samaya 8vIM zatI IsvI ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jina akalaMka ke pramANa sambandhI grantha kI kavi dhanaJjaya ne isa prakAra sarAhanA kI hai, vaha DaoN. jaina dvArA kramAMka 1 para ullikhita akalaMkadeva hI haiM aura vahI 'pramANasaMgraha' ke kartA aura ukta lokapriya maMgala-zloka ke racayitA haiN| vivecya akalaMkadeva yA bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ko AcArya umAsvAmI (prathama zatI IsvI) ke 'tattvArthasUtra' para 'tattvArtharAjavArtika TIkA', AcArya samantabhadra (dUsarI zatI IsvI) kI 'AptamImAMsA' aparanAma 'devAgama stotra' para 'aSTazatI TIkA' tathA svatantra granthoM ke rUpa meM 'svopajJavRttisahita laghIyastraya', 'nyAyavinizcaya savRtti', 'siddhivinizcaya savRtti' tathA 'pramANasaMgraha savRtti' kI racanA karane kA zreya hai| kahA jAtA hai ki samasAmayika mImAMsaka vidvAn kumArila bhaTTa (600-660 I.) ne apane ' 'zlokavArtika' meM akalaMka kI 'aSTazatI' para kaTAkSa kiye the aura akalaMka ne kumArila bhaTTa ko unake pratyuttara apane 'nyAyavinizcaya' meM diye| kavi dhanaJjaya ke atirikta jina paravartI AcAryoM, vidvAnoM aura sAhityakAroM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM ina akalaMka kA smaraNa yA ullekha kiyA hai athavA unakI kRtiyoM se uddharaNa Adi diye haiM, unakA jJAta saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnavata hai1. jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne apanI 'nizIthacUrNi' (676 I.) meM 'siddhivinizcaya' ko - 'prabhAvaka zAstra' ghoSita kiyA hai| 2. 750 I. ke lagabhaga yA usake kucha pUrva hue vRhad anantavIrya, saguNacandra aparanAma prabhAcandra aura anantakIrti prathama inakI racanAoM ke prAraMbhika vyAkhyAtA rhe| 3.: 750 I. ke lagabhaga hue 'nyAyAvatAra' ke kartA siddhasena para akalaMka kA prabhAva vyakta hai| 4. siddhasena gaNI ne apane 'tattvArthabhASya' (lagabhaga 750 I.) meM akalaMka ke 'siddhivinizcaya' kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unakI 'tattvArtharAjavArtika' ke kaI dArzanika mantavyoM ko bhI grahaNa kiyA hai| 5. svAmI vIrasena ne 780 I. meM samApta apanI vizAlakAya 'dhavalA TIkA' meM 'pUjyapAda bhaTTAraka' nAma se kaI sthaloM para akalaGka kA ullekha kiyA hai, tathA isI nAma se unake 'tattvArthabhASya' (tattvArtharAjavArtika) evaM 'sArasaMgraha' (pramANasaMgraha savRtti) se uddharaNa diye haiN| 6. zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra sUri (samaya lagabhaga 725-825 I.) ne apanI 'anekAntajayapatAkA' meM 'akalaMka nyAya' kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai aura inake dArzanika prakaraNoM meM bhI akalaMka kA prabhAva evaM anusaraNa vyakta hotA hai|
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________________ 16 jainavidyA - 20-21 7. vidyAnandi svAmI (lagabhaga 775-825 I.) akalaMka ke ananya bhakta evaM anyatama TIkAkAra haiN| inake prAyaH samasta granthoM para akalaMka ke cintana kI chApa parilakSita hotI hai| svAmI samantabhadra kI 'AptamImAMsA' para akalaMka ne 'aSTazatI' racI thI aura vidyAnandi svAmI ne 'aSTasahasrI' ke nAma se usakI aura vizada vyAkhyA prastuta kii| harivaMzapurANa (783 I.) ke prArambha meM punnATasaMghI jinasena sUri ne samantabhadra aura siddhasena ke uparAnta aneka vyAkaraNoM ke jJAtA 'devasaMgha ke deva' kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai indra candrArka jainendravyADi vyaakrnnekssinnH| devasya devasaMghasya na bandhategiriH kthm|| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki yahA~ 'deva' se akalaGkadeva kA abhiprAya hai| 9. 9vIM zatI IsvI meM hue ravibhadrapAdoMpajIvi anantavIrya bhI akalaMka ke anyatama TIkAkAra aura ananya bhaktoM meM rhe| unhoMne bhI mAtra 'deva' nAma se akalaMka kA ullekha kiyA hai| 10. AdipurANakAra jinasenasvAmI (lagabhaga 790-850 I.) ne apane purANa meM zrIpAla aura pAtrakesari ke sAtha-sAtha bhaTTAkalaMka ke ati nirmala guNoM ko vidvAnoM ke hRdaya para suzobhita honevAlI maNimAlA kI saMjJA dI hai| 11. somadeva sUri (lagabhaga 945-975 I.) ne apane nItivAkyAmRta' meM akalaMka kA nimnavata smaraNa kiyA haisakala samayatarkenAkalaMko'sivAdina, na bhavasisamayokto hNssiddhaantdevH| na ca vacanavilAse pUjyapAdo'sitvaM, vadasi kathaM idAnIM sogadevena sAdham // akalaMka kI bhA~ti somadeva bhI devasaMgha ke hI AcArya the aura unhIM ke anuyAyI vAdI (zAstrArthI) guruoM kI paramparA meM utpanna eka mahAna zAstrArthI the| unake dvArA akalaMka kI 'nyAyavinizcaya' kI TIkA bhI likhI batAI jAtI hai| 12. inhIM ke samakAlIna apabhraMza kavi puSpadanta ne bhI apane 'mahApurANa' meM akalaMka kA smaraNa kiyA hai| 13. mahApaNDita mANikyanandi (lagabhaga 965-1000 I.) ne apanA parIkSAmukhasUtra' akalaMka ke vacana-samudra kA maMthana karake banAyA hai| isa sUtra-grantha meM akalaMka ke prati vyakta inakI bhakti ko dekhakara vidvAnoM ko yaha bhrama ho gayA thA ki yaha akalaMka ke sAkSAt ziSya rahe hoN|
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________________ 17 jainavidyA - 20-21 14. zvetAmbarAcArya tarkapaMcAnana abhayadeva sUri (lagabhaga 1000 I.) ne sanmatisUtra' para apanI 'vAdamahArNava' nAmnI TIkA meM akalaMka ke prati sammAna pradarzita kiyA hai| 15. vAdirAja jagadekamallavAdI (lagabhaga 1000-1035 I.) ne apane 'nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa' meM akalaMka ko 'tArkikaloka-mastakamaNi' tathA 'pArzvanAtha carita' meM 'zAkyadasyuoM ko daNDita karanevAlA vAdisiMha tarkabhUvallabhadeva' likhA hai| 16. nayanaMdi (lagabhaga 1000-1045 I.) ne apane 'sakalavidhividhAna' meM inheM 'akalaGka visamavAiya vihaMDi' arthAt viSamavAdiyoM kA vihaMDana karanevAlA likhA hai| 17. mahApaNDita prabhAcandra (lagabhaga 1010-1060 I.) akalaMka kI kRtiyoM ke prasiddha TIkAkAra haiN| unake 'nyAyakumudacandra' Adi granthoM meM akalaMka ke ullekha itane bhaktipUrNa haiM ki aneka vidvAna unheM akalaMka kA sAkSAt ziSya samajhane lge| 'nyAyakumudacandra' ke tIsare pariccheda ke anta meM unhoMne akalaMkadeva ko 'itara matAvalambI gajendroM kA darpa naSTa karanevAlA siMha' likhA hai| apane 'ArAdhanA satkathA prabandha' meM unhoMne anuzruti se prApta akalaMka kI kathA bhI dI hai| 18. malliSeNa sUri ne apane 'mahApurANa' (1047 I.) meM nimnavata inakI stuti kI hai yannAma grahaNAnnaSTAH sadarpavAdi kunjraaH| jIyAddevo'kalaMko'so paravAdIbha kesrii|| 19. zubhacandra ne apane 'jJAnArNava' (lagabhaga 1050 I.) meM samantabhadra aura devanandI ke pazcAt tathA jinasena ke pUrva inakA ullekha kiyA hai| 20. indranandi ne apane 'samayabhUSaNa' (lagabhaga 1050 I.) meM somadeva, nemicandra aura prabhAcandra ke pUrva akalaMka kA smaraNa 'mahAprAjJaH' vizeSaNa ke sAtha kiyA hai| 21. zrIcandrapaNDitAcArya (lagabhaga 1063-66 I.) ne apane apabhraMza 'ArAdhanA kathAkoza' meM akalaMka kI kathA dI hai tathA apane 'ratnakaraNDa zAstra' meM samantabhadra ke pazcAt aura kulabhUSaNa, vidyAnandi, anantavIrya, vIrasena, jinasena, caturmukha, svayaMbhU Adi ke pUrva akalaMka kA smaraNa kiyA hai| 22. laghu anantavIrya (1105-1117 I.) ne 'parIkSAmukha' kI 'prameyaratnamAlA TIkA' meM 'akalaMka zazAMkeryataprakaTIkRtamakhilamAnanibhanikaram' zabdoM dvArA inakI prazaMsA kI hai| 23. zvetAmbara AcArya hemacandra sUri (lagabhaga 1109-1172 I.) ne apane 'pramANa mImAMsA' Adi granthoM meM akalaMkadeva ke prati zraddhA vyakta kI hai| 24. zvetAmbara AcArya zrIcandra sUri (lagabhaga 1116-1117 I.) ne apanI 'jItakalpa vRhatcUrNi vyAkhyA' meM akalaMka ke 'siddhivinizcaya' ko 'prabhAvaka zAstra' likhA hai|
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________________ 18 jainavidyA - 20-21 25. zvetAmbara AcArya vAdideva sUri (lagabhaga 1117-1169 I.) ne apane 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' (pRSTha 137) meM "prakaTita tIrthAntarIyakalaGko'kalaGkaH" zabdoM dvArA unheM matAntaroM ke doSoM ko prakaTa karanevAlA batAyA hai| 26. zvetAmbarAcArya zAMtisUri ne siddhasena ke 'nyAyAvatAra' para vArttika race haiM aura unakI vRtti bhii| yahI grantha sambhavatayA 'jainatarkavArttika' kahalAtA hai| ina vArttikoM meM akalaMka kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / ina zAntisUri kI pUrvAvadhi 993 I. aura uttarAvadhi 1147 I. anumAnita kI gaI hai| 27. anantasena ke ziSya vimaladAsa (lagabhaga 1150 I.) ne apanI 'saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI' meM 'bhaTTAkalaGkadeva' ke nAmollekhapUrvaka uddharaNa diye haiN| 28. padmaprabhamaladhArideva (lagabhaga 1167-1217) I.) ne 'niyamasAra' kI 'tAtparyavRtti' meM akalaMka ko 'tarkAbjArkaH' likhA hai| 29. 'prameyaratnamAlA' kI 'nyAyamaNi dIpikA TIkA' meM,ajitasena paNDita (lagabhaga 1175 1200 I.) ne mahArAja himazItala kI sabhA meM tArAdevI ko ghar3e meM chipAkara zAstrArtha karanevAle bauddha vidvAnoM ko akalaMka dvArA vAdavivAda meM parAsta kiye jAne kA varNana kiyA hai, tathA anta meM 'akalaGkaratnanandiprabhendu sadananta' zabdoM dvArA ratnanandi, prabhAcandra aura sadanantavIrya ke pUrva akalaMka kA ullekha kara stuti kI gaI hai| 30. laghu samantabhadra (lagabhaga 1200 I.) meM 'aSTasahasrI' kI apanI 'viSamapada tAtparya TIkA' ke maMgala-zloka meM samantabhadra evaM vidyAnanda ke sAtha-sAtha akalaMka ko bhI 'deva' nAma se namaskAra kiyA hai tathA Age 'sakala tArkika cakracUr3AmaNi marIcimecakita caraNanakhakiraNoM bhagavAn bhaTTAkalaMkadevaH' zabdoM dvArA inakI stuti kI hai| 31. cArUkIrti paMDitAcArya (lagabhaga 1200-1225 I.) ne 'prameyaratnamAlA' kI apanI 'arthaprakAzikA TIkA' meM mahArAja himazItala kI sabhA meM bauddha vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAsta karanevAle akalaMka muni kI nimnavata vandanA kI hai- 'pRthvImaNDalamaNDanAyita mahArAjAdhirAjottama, zrIrAjaddhimazItala kSitipate-rgoSThImate saugtaan| vAdAyayatato madoddhatatayA yo vAgbharai jitvarai, jitvA zlAghyatamo'bhavasapadi taM vnde'klngkmunim|' ukta TIkA meM anyatra bhI 'nyAyazAstrapravartanaziromaNibhirbhaTA kalaGakamunibhistadavagAhanAya....' Adi zabdoM dvArA inakA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| 32. saukhyanandI (lagabhaga 1200 I.) ne inake 'laghIyastraya' kI prabhAcaMndrIya TIkA 'nyAyakumudacandra' kI vRtti likhI hai| 33. lakSmIbhadra (lagabhaga 1235 I.) ne apane 'ekAnta khaNDana' meM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 19 34. abhayacandra siddhAnta, jinhoMne 'laghIyastraya' para vRtti racI, ne bhI laghu samantabhadra dvArA prayukta uparyukta vizeSaNoM kA prayoga akalaMka ke lie kiyA hai| 35. 'pravacana parIkSA' Adi ke kartA nemicandra paNDita (lagabhaga 1375-1425 I.) ne akalaMka ko apanI bhAMti brAhmaNakulotpanna batAyA hai, tathA "vivAda viSayApannaM tataH zAstraM sakartRkam, dRSTakartRkatulyatvAdakalaGkAdi zAstravat" Adi zabdoM se inakA ullekha kiyA hai| 36. bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa (lagabhaga 1385-1415 I.) ne apanI nyAyadIpikA' meM aneka sthaloM para 'taduktaM bhagavadbhirakalaGkadevai:....' zabdoM ke sAtha inake 'nyAyavinizcaya' aura 'rAjavArtika' Adi se uddharaNa diye haiN| 37. vidyAnaMdi mumukSu (lagabhaga 1442-1480 I.) ne apane 'sudarzana caritra' meM yasyayazoravernaSTA kRssnnaasyaabauddhkaushikaaH| staSye'kalaGkasari taM mohsaarnggkndhrm|| tathA yasya vAkkiraNairnaSTA bauddhodhAH kaushikaaH| bhAskarasyodaye sa syAdakalakaH zriye kviH|| ke rUpa meM inakI stuti kI hai| 38. brahma ajita ne apane 'hanumaccarita' meM (lagabhaga 1445 I.) meM inakI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki unhoMne bauddhoM kI buddhi ko vidhavA banA diyA thA akalaGkagurU rjI yAdaka laGka pdeshvrH| bauddhAnAM buddhivaidhvydiikssaagururudaahRtH|| 39. pAMGyakSmApati (1457 I.) ne apane 'bhavyAnandazAstra' meM inakI stuti "guNairanindhaikarakalaGyakamIDe" rUpa meM kI hai| . 40. zrutasAgara sUri (lagabhaga 1465-1505 I.) ne apanI 'tatvArthavRtti' ke maMgala-zloka "zrIvarddhamAnamakalaMkam samantabhadra zrI pUjyapAda...' meM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| 41. brahmanemidatta ne apane 'ArAdhanA kathAkoza' (1518 I.) meM akalaMka aura niSkalaMka kI kathA dI hai, jo anuzrutiyoM para AdhArita hai| 42. vardhamAna munIndra ne apane 'dazabhaktyAdi mahAzAstra' (1542 I.) meM samantabhadra ke uparAnta aura vidyAnandi ke pUrva akalaMka maharddhika kI stuti nimnavata kI hai jIyAt samantabhadrasya devAgama saMjJinaH, stotrasya bhASyaM kRtavAnakalako mhrddhikH|
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________________ jainavidyA 43. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne apane 'pAMDavapurANa' (1551 I.) meM bauddhoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha ke prasaMga meM akalaMka dvArA pAdaprahArapUrvaka ghaTasthApita mAyAdevI kA visphoTa kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai 20 - akalaGkoGkalaGkaH sakalau kalayaMttu zrutaM / padena tADitApena mAyAdevI ghaTAsthitA // - 20-21 44. 'karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana' ke kartA bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ( 1586-1615 I.) ne akalaMkadeva ke nyAya evaM vyAkaraNa zAstra viSakayaka pANDitya kI prazaMsA kI hai| 45. abhinava somasena ne apane 'rAmapurANa' (1599) I.) meM - pUjyapAda prabhAcandrakalaGkAdInyatIzvarAn / namAmidharma tIrthasyaka rtRnaprANihitaGakarAn // pUjyapAda aura prabhAcandra ke sAtha akalaMka ko yatIzvara, dharmatIrthakartA aura prANihitaMkara ke rUpa meM namaskAra kiyA hai| 46. zvetAmbarAcArya yazovijaya (1631-1686 I.) ne apane 'aSTasahasrI vivaraNa' Adi dArzanika granthoM meM akalaMka aura unake nyAyadarzana kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| 47. rAmakRSNa mizra ( 18vIM zatI I.) ne apanI 'bhuvanapradIpikA' meM akalaMkadeva dvArA tuNDIra deza ke rAjA himazItala kI sabhA meM kali 1125 piMgala meM bauddhoM ko parAjita kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| 48. candrasAgara varNI ne tatsamaya karNATaka deza meM pracalita akalaMka sambandhI anuzrutiyoM ko saMkalita kara 'akalaMkacarite' aparanAma 'himazItalakaye' kI racanA 1803-1804 I. meM sampanna kii| 49. paM. devacandra ne apane kannar3a itihAsa 'rAjAvalikaye' ( 1805 1842 I.) meM candrasAgara varNI ke ukta ' akalaMkacarite' meM saMkalita anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para akalaMka sambandhI kathA kahI hai| vivecya bhaTTa akalakaMdeva ke sambandha meM uparyukta sAhityika ullekhoM se nimnalikhita tathya vidita hote haiM (ka) akalaMka digambara aura zvetAmbara ubhaya AmnAyoM ke vidvAnoM ke samAnarUpa se zraddhAbhAjana rahe haiN| inakI kRtiyAM vidvAnoM ke lie preraNAstrota rahIM / phalasvarUpa una para TIkAeM, vRttiyAM va bhASya race jAte rahe aura unakI kRtiyoM se uddharaNa diye jAte rahe / (kha) sAtavIM zatI meM hI inakI kRti 'siddhivinizcaya' ko 'prabhAvaka zAstra' ghoSita kara diyA gayA thaa|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 (ga) AThavIM zatI meM inakA pramANa' apazcimaratna mAnA jAne lagA thaa| zvetAmbara AcArya inake dvArA pratipAdita 'nyAyazAstra' ko 'akalaGkanyAya' ke nAma se abhihita karane lage the| (gha) inheM 'pUjyapAda bhaTTAraka', 'deva', 'bhaTTAkalaGka', 'tArkikalokamastakamaNi', ___ 'tarkIbjArka', 'sakala tArkika cakracUr3AmaNi', 'vAdisiMha tarka bhUvallabhadeva', 'itara matAvalambI gajendroM kA darpa naSTa karanevAlA siMha', 'paravAdIbha kesarI', 'mahAprAjJa', 'maharddhika' Adi nAmoM, vizeSaNoM aura virUdoM se abhihita kiyA gyaa| (Ga) 10-11vIM zatI meM akalaMka dvArA bauddhoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane kI ghaTanA anuzruti bana cukI thI aura unake jIvana kI ghaTanAeM paurANika AkhyAna kA rUpa dhAraNa karane lagI thI jo uttarottara aura pallavita hotI gyii| akalaMka kI bauddhoM para aitihAsika vAdavijaya kA sthAna mahArAja himazItala kI rAjasabhA ke rUpa meM lagabhaga 11-12vIM zatI meM prasiddha ho calA thaa| (ca) nyAyazAstra aura vyAkaraNa meM paNDita mAne jAnevAle ina akalaMkadeva ke brAhmaNa kulotpanna hone kI bAta pracalita huii| svayaM akalaMka ne 'tattvArtharAjavArtika' kI prazasti meM nimnapadya meM apane ko laghuhavvanRpati kA putra batAyA hai jIyAcciramakalakabrahmA lghuhvvnRptivrtnyH| anavataratanikhila vidvajjananutavidhaH prshstjnhRdyH|| ye laghuhavva nRpati kauna the, kisa pradeza ke rAjA the, kisa kula meM utpanna hue the aura kisa dharma ko mAnanevAle the-Adi praznoM ke uttara isa padya athavA anya kisI srota se abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| 'rAjavAttika' ke uparyukta zloka ke svayaM akalaMkakRta hone meM bhI kucha vidvAnoM ko saMdeha hai| tathApi yaha nizcita hai ki akalaMka dakSiNa bhArata ke rahane vAle the| paramparA anuzruti unheM devagaNa kA AcArya sUcita karatI hai aura karNATakIya anuzruti unheM dezIgaNa pustakagaccha kaa| unhoMne bauddha darzana kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thaa| sAtha hI anya bhAratIya darzanoM kA unheM pragAr3ha jJAna thA, ve pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke sAhitya se bhalIbhA~ti paricita the| 'pAtanjali mahAbhASya' (lagabhaga 150 I. pU.) kI akalaMka ne AlocanA kI hai| zabdAdvaitavAdI yA sphoTavAdI bhartRhari (590-650 I.) ke 'vAkyapadIya' grantha ke akalaMka ne uddharaNa bhI diye aura unake mata kA khaNDana bhI kiyaa| bauddhAcArya basubandhu (cauthI zatI I.) ke abhidharmakoza' se akalaMka ne pramANa uddhRta kiye haiN| bauddha dArzanika diGnAga (345-425 I.) ke mata kA unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai aura unake 'pramANasamuccaya' grantha se kArikA bhI uddhRta kI haiN| bauddha vidvAn dharmakIrti (635-650 I.) ke granthoM kA akalaMka ne acchA maMthana kiyA pratIta hotA hai| apanI kRtiyoM meM kahIM-kahIM unakI zailI bhI apanAyI hai aura unakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| jainAcArya zrIdatta
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________________ 22 jainavidyA - 20-21 (anumAnyataH cauthI zatI I.) ke 'jalpanirNaya' kA akalaMka ke 'siddhivinizcaya' ke 'jalpasiddhi adhikAra' para pratyakSa prabhAva batAyA jAtA hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne umAsvAmI ke 'tattvArthAdhigama sUtra' para apane 'tattvArtharAjavArtika' kI racanA meM devanandI pUjyapAda (475-525 I.) kI 'sarvArthasiddhi TIkA' ko samAhita kiyA hai / bauddha dArzanika diGnAga ke 'trilakSaNasiddhAnta' ke khaNDana meM pAtra-kesarI svAmI (lagabhaga 600-625 I.) jinakA akalaMka ne svAmI nAma se ullekha kiyA hai, dvArA likhe gaye 'trilakSaNakadarthana' nAmaka grantha se uddharaNa bhI diye haiN| 'akalaMkastotra' ke nAma se prApta 16 padyoM kI racanA ko svayaM akalaMka kI kRti bhI kahA jAtA hai, usake nimnalikhita 13veM padya meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki unhoMne rAjA himazItala kI sabhA meM kyoMkara bauddha vidvAnoM kA bhANDA phor3akara unheM zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA' thA nAhakAravazIkRtena manasA na dveSiNaM kevalaM, nairAtmyaM pratipadya nazyati jane kAruNyabuddhayA myaa| rAjJaH zrIhimazItalasya sadasi prAyo vidgdhAtma! bauddhaudhAnsakalAnvijitya saghaTaH (pAThAntara sugataH) pAdena visphaalitH|| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM, vizeSakara karNATaka rAjya meM, prApta 10vIM zatI IsvI se 16vIM zatI IsvI taka ke kama se kama 28 zilAlekhoM meM vivecya akalaMkadeva kA spaSTa nAmollekha ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura unakA guNagAna bhI huA hai| zravaNabelagolA meM candragiri kI pArzvanAtha basati meM eka stambha para utkIrNa zaka saMvat 1050 (1128 I.) ke lekha, jo madana mahezvara mallinAtha dvArA racita aura dramilasaMgha-nandigaNa-arUGgalAnvaya ke malliSeNa maladhAri kI smAraka prazasti svarUpa haiM, meM akalaMka dvArA bauddha vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane kI ghaTanA rAjA sAhasataMga ko sanAne kA varNana karate hae 'akalaGakastotra' kA uparyakta zloka bhI aMkita hai aura yaha zloka bogAdi se prApta zaka saMvat 1067 (1145 I.) ke dramilasaMghI eka anya zilAlekha meM bhI pAyA gayA hai| 'akalaMkastotra' meM ukta vAdavijaya kA varSa bhI nimnavata aMkita hai vikramAka zakAbdIya zatasapta prmaajussi| kAleDakalaka yatinobauddharvAdo mhaanbhuut|| isa zloka meM prayukta 'vikramAMka zakAbdIya' zabdoM ke kAraNa katipaya vidvAnoM ne ise zaka saMvat 700 arthAt 778 I. tathA kucha anya ne vikrama saMvat 700 arthAt 643 I. mAnA hai, aura isa prakAra vivecya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke samaya ke sambandha meM mukhyatayA do mata ho gaye, jinameM 135 varSa kA antara hai| kintu sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I. meM pAye gaye paravartI sAhityika ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki ukta aitihAsika vAda-vivAda kI tithi vikrama saMvat 700 arthAt 643 I. mAnanA hI samIcIna hogaa|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 23 DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne apanI 'di jainA sorseja oNpha di hisTrI oNpha enzyenTa iNDiyA' meM akalaMka ke AzrayadAtA sAhasatuMga ke pazcimI cAlukya samrATa vikramAditya prathama (642681 I.) jo pulakezina dvitIya (606-642 I.) kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thA, se abhinna hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| unake anusAra akalaMka anuzruti ke rAjA himazItala cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ke bhArata bhramaNa (643 I.) ke samaya meM vidyamAna kaliMga nareza 'trikaliMgAdhipati' pratIta hote haiM jinakI rAjasabhA meM ratnapura meM mahAyAnI bauddha vidvAnoM se ukta aitihAsika vAda-vivAda 643 I. meM huA thaa| akalaMka ke guru ravigupta ko unhoMne aihola zilAlekha (634 I.) ke racayitA ravikIrti se cInhA hai, aura kanherI ke bauddha maTha meM akalaMka dvArA bauddha darzana kA adhyayana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| anya aneka prAcIna bhAratIya manISiyoM kI bhAMti yaha akalaMkadeva bhI vigata 200 varSoM meM jaina vidvAnoM ke atirikta jainetara bhAratIya vidvAnoM tathA yUropavAsI prAcyavidoM, purAtatvavidoM, rAjanItika-sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa ke nirmAtAoM kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa karane meM saphala rahe jinhoMne inake samaya, itivRtta, kRtitva Adi ke bAre meM UhApoha kii| pro. vilsana akalaMka ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlanevAle prathama yUropIya prAcyavid the| unhoMne IsTa iNDiyA kampanI ke karnala mekenjI ke noTsa, jo 'rAjAvalikathe' ke racayitA paM. devacandra se prApta jAnakArI para AdhArita the, ko vyavasthita aura sampAdita kara prakAzita kiyA thaa| isI kar3I meM jAnamuraDokha, bI.ela. rAisa, rAbarTa sivela, thAmasa phoksa luisa rAisa, eDavarDa rAisa, je. epha. phlITa, I.thAmasa, e.bI.kItha, vinTaraniTja ke nAma jur3e haiN| jainetara bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa, rAmakRSNa gopAla bhaNDArakAra, ke.bI. pAThaka, ema.esa. rAmAsvAmI AyaMgara. e.esa. Altekara DaoN. bI.e. sAltora DaoN. DI.sI. sarakAra. Ara narasiMhAcArya zeSAgiri rAo, pI.bI. desAI, DaoN. zrIkaMTha zAstrI prabhRti tathA jaina vidvAnoM meM DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, paM. sukhalAla tathA DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ke atirikta paM. nAthUrAma premI, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, bA. kAmatAprasAda, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, DaoN. hIrAlAla, DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI prabhRti ina akalaMkadeva para kArya karanevAloM meM ullekhanIya haiN| yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki vartamAna zatI meM akalaMka kI prAyaH sabhI kRtiyoM kA adhikArI vidvAnoM dvArA kuzala sampAdana aura prakAzana ho cukA hai| inakI kRtiyA~ inakI advitIya pratibhA, agAdhavidvatA, praur3ha lekhanI, gUr3ha abhisaMdhi, apUrva tArkikatA evaM vAgmitA, jainadarzana kI prabhAvanA kI utkaTa abhilASA, udAtta kAruNya bhAva, anekAntadarzana para unake pUrNa adhikAra, jainetara dArzanika sAhitya ke gaMbhIra AloDana aura jaina siddhAnta, saMskRta bhASA evaM vyAkaraNa meM vicakSaNa pANDitya kI paricAyaka haiN| ___ apane samaya se lekara Aja taka avirala vidvajjana ko apane pANDitya se mugdha karanevAle tathA paramagambhIra syAdvAda jisakI nirvivAda pahacAna hai aise jinazAsana kI cirakAla taka prabhAvanA karanevAle sAtavIM zatI IsvI meM hue ina mahAna AcArya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ko merA zata-zata namana hai| jyotinikuMja, cArabAga, lakhanaU-226004
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 ... vratI niHzalyo vrtiiH| anekadhA praannignnshrnnaacchlym||1||vividhvednaashlaakaabhiH prANigaNaM zRNAti hinasti iti shlym| ___ aabaadhktvaadupcaarsiddhiH||2|| yathA zarIrAnupravezAt kANDAdipraharaNaM zarIriNo bAdhAkaraM zalyaM tathA karmodayavikAro'pi zArIramAnasabAdhAhetutvAt zalyamiva shlymityupcryte| tatrividhaM maayaanidaanmithyaadrshnbhedaat||3||tdetcchlyN trividhaM veditvym| kutaH? maayaanidaanmithyaadrshnbhedaat| mAyA nikRtirvaJcanetyanarthAntaram, viSayabhogAkAGkSAnidAnam, mithyaadrshngtttvshrddhaanm| etasmAtrividhAcchalyAnniSkAnto niHzalyo vrtiityucyte|| tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7.18 zalyarahita vratI hotA hai| aneka prakAra kI vedanArUpI suiyoM se prANI ko jo chedeM ve zalya haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra meM cubhe hue kA~TA Adi prANI ko bAdhA karate haiM usI taraha karmodayavikAra bhI zArIra aura mAnasa bAdhAoM kA kAraNa hone se zalya kI taraha hone se zalya kahA jAtA hai| 1-2 / zalya tIna prakAra kI hai - mAyA, mithyAdarzana aura nidAna / mAyA arthAt vaMcanA, chalakapaTa aadi| viSayabhoga kI AkAMkSA nidAna hai| mithyAdarzana arthAt atttvshrddhaan| ina tIna zalyoM se nikalA huA (tIna zalyoM se rahita) vyakti vratI hotA hai| anu. - pro. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 25 aneka alaMkaraNoM se alaMkRta AcArya akalaMkadeva - DaoN. kapUracaMda jaina jaina nyAya ke pitAmaha 'prakhara tArkika', 'saphala tArkika', 'cakracUr3AmaNi', 'jinAdhIza', 'azeSa kutarka vibhramatamonidlonmUlaka:', 'tArkika loka mastaka maNiH', 'samadarzI vArtikAra', 'syAdvAdavidyAdhipati', tarka bhUvallabha', 'vAdisiMhaH', syAdvAdAmokSadha-jihve', 'tArkika cakrezvara', 'tArAvijetA', 'jinasamaya dIpaka', 'jinamatakuvalaya zazAMka', 'jinazAsanAlaMkakartA', 'mahAmati', 'bhaTTAkalaMka', 'saugatAdi khaNDanakartA', 'samantAdakalaMkaH', 'zAstravida munInAM agresaraH', 'sUriH', 'mithyAndhakAra vinAzakaH', 'akhilArmaprakAzakaH', 'syAdvAda nyAyavAdi', 'azeSakutarka vibhramatamoninimUkartA', 'agAdha kunIti sarita zoSaka:', 'syAdvAda kiraNa prasAraka', 'akalaMka bhAnuH', 'tarkAbjakaM', 'vidvadahvadaya maNinAla:', 'pramANavetA', 'narasurendravandanIyaH', 'tArkika loka mastaka maNiH', 'samastamatavAdi karIndradarpamunmUlakaH', 'syAdvAda kesarI', 'paMcAnanaH', 'akalaMka zazAMka', 'parahitAvadAna dIkSitaH', 'vRttikAra:', 'vigalitatimirAdikalaMkaH', 'nirastagraho parAgAdi upadravaH', 'vigalita jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya', 'karmAtmakalaMka', 'sakalatArkika cUr3AmaNi', 'jinatulya', 'yugapravartaka', 'vAdavijetA', 'akalaMkadhIH', 'bhASyakAra:', 'bauddhabuddhivaidhavyaH dIkSAguruH' Adi upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta akalaMkadeva ne kisa kAla meM bhArata vasundharA ko apane janma se pavitra banAyA thA, yaha 'idamitthaM' kaha pAnA Aja bhI sambhava nahIM hai| hamAre prAcIna AcAryoM ne bhavyajIvoM ke kalyANa kA mArga
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________________ 26 jainavidyA - 20-21 prazasta karane, kuvAdiyoM ke kutarka-prAsAdoM ko dhvasta karane, jainadharma/nyAya ko vizvavijayI banAne ke bAda bhI apane sandarbha meM kahIM kucha ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| ise kAla kA prabhAva kahA jAe yA una AcAryoM/vidvAnoM/itihAsavidoM/AlocakoM kI nispRhtaa| phira bhI vidvAnoM ne unake pUrvApara prasaMgoM/ullekhoM ke AdhAra para unakA samaya nirdhArita karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| akalaMkadeva ke samaya ke sandarbha meM na kevala bhAratIya vidvAnoM apitu pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI paryApta gaMveSaNA kI hai| videzI vidvAnoM meM DaoN. pITarsana, DaoN. luisa rAIsa, DaoN. ema. vinTaranitja, DaoN. e.vI. kItha, DaoN. epha.DablyU thAmasa ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM DaoN. ke.bI. pAThaka, DaoN. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa, DaoN. Ara.jI. bhANDArakara, paM. nAthUrAma premI, paM. kAmatAprasAda, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, DaoN. bI.esa. sAletora, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI Adi ne isa viSaya meM gahana adhyayana kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM do mata pramukha rUpa se sAmane Ate haiN| prathama mata akalaMkadeva kA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnatA hai| isake samarthaka zrI paM. kailAza candra zAstrI, zrIkaNTha zAstrI, Ara. narasiMhAcArya, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye, DaoN. jyotiprasAda Adi haiN| dvitIya mata akalaMka ko AThavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM rakhe jAne ke pakSa meM hai| isa mata ko mAnanevAloM meM paM. nAthUrAma premI, DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, DaoN. ke.bI. pAThaka, DaoN. kItha, DaoN. thAmasa, DaoN. bhANDArakara Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| akalaMka ke jIvana kA sabase mahatvapUrNa prasaMga unake dvArA jainadharma kI rakSA kiyA jAnA hai| jisameM unake bhAI nikalaMka kA prANotsarga atyanta mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| akalaMka dvArA bauddhoM se zAstrArtha kara unheM parAsta karanA tathA tArAdevI, jo parade ke pIche ghaTa meM virAjamAna thI aura zAstrArtha kara rahI thI, ke ghaTa ko apane jJAna ke prabhAva se jAnakara naSTa karanA bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| ___paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne unheM dakSiNa bhArata kA nivAsI batAyA hai| unhoMne kathAkoSa meM AI akalaMka viSayaka kathAoM kA mAnyakheTa Adi ke sandarbha ko lekara usakI prAmANikatA ke Upara sandeha utpanna kiyA hai| paM. kailAzacandajI ke anusAra akalaMka rAjaputra the aura unake pitA kA nAma laghuhatva thaa| jaina nyAyazAstra ko jo yogadAna akalaMkadeva ne diyA hai vaha apanA udAharaNa Apa hai| una jaisA tArkika zAyada hI jaina nyAya ke itihAsa meM koI ho| unake dvArA dI gayI pramANa vyavasthA ko digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne apanI-apanI pramANa mImAMsA viSayaka kRtiyoM meM binA kisI hera-phera ke svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva kI kRtiyoM meM tatvArthavArtika (aparanAma tatvArthavArtika vyAkhyAlaMkAra, rAjavArtika yA tatvArtha rAjavArtika), aSTazatI, laghIya straya (svavRtti sahita), nyAya vinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya (savRtti), pramANasaMgraha upalabdha haiM / inake atirikta svarUpa-sambodhana, akalaMka stotra, akalaMka pratiSThApATha, akalaMka prAyazcitta upalabdha haiM kintu ye vivAdagrasta kRtiyA~ haiN|
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________________ 27 jainavidyA - 20-21 akalaMkadeva kI nirvivAda vidvattA, tArkikatA aura nyAya zAstra vizeSataH jaina nyAya meM apratima avadAna ke kAraNa paravartI AcAryoM ne unakA ullekha bar3e hI sammAna ke sAtha kiyA hai, sAtha hI aneka upAdhiyoM se bhI unheM alaMkRta kiyA hai| vizeSataH dakSiNa bhArata ke karnATaka pradeza meM sthita aneka mandiroM-bastiyoM meM utkIrNa vibhinna zilAlekhoM meM akalaMka kA nAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vizruta paramparA meM gaurava ke sAtha liyA gayA hai| aneka granthoM meM unake nAma kA ullekha bar3e hI sammAna ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| inameM uparyukta aneka upAdhiyoM ke sAtha unakA ullekha hai| hummaca ke paJcatvasti prAGgaNa meM 1077 I. meM likhita saMskRta tathA kannaDa bhASAmaya lekha meM unheM 'syAdvAdAmoghajihave' tathA 'vAdisiMha' upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai / kallUraguGaDa (zimogA-paraganA) meM siddhezvara mandira kI pUrva dizA meM par3e hue pASANa para utkIrNa lekha meM akalaMkadeva ko 'tArkika cakrezvara' ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| yaha zilAlekha 1121 I. kA hai| candragiri parvata kI pArzvanAtha vasadi meM eka stambha para likhita malliSeNa prazasti (zaka saM. 1050) meM akalaMka kI 'tArA vijetA' ke rUpa meM stuti kI gaI hai| yathA tArAyena vinirjitA ghaTa-kuTI gUDhAvatArA samaM baudvairyo dhRta-pITha-pIr3ita kudRgdevAsta sevaanyjliH| prAyazcittamivAjhivArija raja-snAnaM ca yasyAcarat doSANAM sugatasya kasya viSayo devAkalaMkaH kRtii|| ukta zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne rAjA himazItala kI sabhA meM bauddhoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| yathA nAhaMkAra vazIkRtena manasA na dveSiNAM kevalaM nairAtmyaM pratipadya nazyati jane kAruNya buddhayAmayA rAjJaHzrI himazItalasya sadasi prAyo vidagdhAtmano bauddhodhAnsakalAnvijitya sugataH pAdena visphottitH|| ___ belUra ke zaka saM. 1059 ke zilAlekha meM unheM 'jinasamaya dIpaka' kahA gayA hai / tArA vijetA ke rUpa meM unakI stuti boMgAdi (1145 I.) ke eka bhagna zilAlekha meM bhI kI gayI hai|' hummaca ke 1147 I. ke eka khambhe para utkIrNa saMskRta-kannaDa bhASAmaya zilAlekha meM unheM 'jinamata kuvalaya zazAMka' kahA gayA hai / candragiri parvata ke hI mahAnavamI maMDapa ke stambha para utkIrNa eka zilAlekha meM akalaMkadeva ko 'mahAmati' aura 'jinazAsanAlaMkRtA' kahA gayA hai| yaha lekha zaka saM. 1085 kA hai| joDivasavanapura meM huNDi-siddana cikka ke kheta meM pAye gaye saMskRta-kannaDa bhASAmaya 1183 I. ke zilAlekha meM akalaMkadeva ko apanI prabala zAstrArtha vijayoM ke dvArA bauddha paNDitoM ko mRtyu taka kA AliGgana karAnevAlA batAyA gayA hai / yathA tasyAkalaMka devasya mahimA kena vrnnyte| yad vAvaya khaGgaghAtena hto buddho vibuddhisH||
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________________ 28 jainavidyA - 20-21 vindhyagiri parvata para siddharavasti meM uttara kI ora eka stambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha meM akalaMkadeva ko 'bhaTTAkalaMka', 'sauMgatAdi khaNDanakartA' tathA 'samantAdakalaMkaH' kahA hai|" siddharavasti ke hI eka anya stambhalekha meM akalaMka 'zAsvavida', 'munInAMagresara', 'sUri', 'mithyAndhakAra vinAzaka' aura 'akhilArtha prakAzaka' kahe gaye haiM / yathA tataH paraM zAstravidAM munInAma gresaro' mUdakalaMka suuriH| mithyAndhakArasthagitA khilAe~ prakAzitAyasya vacomapUravaiH // 2 __ soMdA (uttara kannaDa) maisUra ke 1607 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM 'syAdvAda nyAyavAdi' ke rUpa meM akalaMka stuta haiN| ___ inake atirikta iMcavADi (maisUra) ke 10vIM zatI ke sukadare (hoNakerI paraganA) ke 1020 I., bAdAmI 1039 I., yallAdahalli 1054 I., kaDavanti 1060 I., bandatike 1074 I., valagAmve 1077 I., Alahalli 1120 I., cAmarAjanagara 1117 I., kallUraguGaDa 1121 I., callagrAma zaka saM. 1047, velUra 1059 (zaka) Adi lagabhaga 500 zilAlekhoM meM akalaMka kA nAma bar3e sammAna ke sAtha liyA gayA hai| akalaMka kA paravartI jaina sAhitya to unake guNAnuvAda se bharA par3A hai| aura ho bhI kyoM na? jaina nyAya ko unakA avadAna apratima hai, jainadharma kI rakSA kA una jaisA udAharaNa itihAsa meM dUsarA nahIM miltaa| kuvAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karanevAle akalaMka hama sabhIke vandanIya haiN| akalaMka ke granthoM ke TIkAkAroM ne unakA nAma jisa sammAna ke sAtha liyA hai, usake ve zata pratizata adhikArI haiN|nyaaykumudcndrkrtaa AcArya prabhAcandra ne akalaMka ko agAdhakunItisarita zoSakaM', 'azeSakutarka vibhramatamonirmUlanakartA', 'syAdvAdakiraNa prasArakaH', 'akalaMka . bhAnuH', 'samasta matavAdikarIndradarpamunmUlakaH', 'syAdvAdakesarI', 'paMcAnana' Adi alaMkaraNoM se alakRta kiyA hai| yathA 'yenA'zeSakutarka vibhramatamo nirmUlamunmUlitam sphArAgAdha kunIti sArtha sarito niHzeSataH zoSitAH syAdvAda'pratisUrya bhUta kiraNaiH vyAptaM jagat sarvataH sazrImAnakalaMkabhAnurasamo zrIyAta jinendraH prbhuH|| itthaM samastamatavAdikarIndra darpamunmUlayannamala bhAnadRr3ha prhaaraiH| syAdvAda kesara sadAzata tavamUrtiH pacAnano bhuvijayatya kalaMka devaH // 4 laghIyastraya tAtparyavRtti meM amaracandrasUri ne akalaMka ko 'jinAdhIza','sakala tArkika cakra cUr3AmaNi', 'akalaMka zazAMka:' Adi vizeSaNoM se yukta batAyA hai| siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM anantavIryAcArya ne anya vizeSaNoM ke sAtha hI unheM 'parahitAvadhAna dIkSita' aura 'samadarzI' kahA hai| nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa meM vAdirAja sUri ne unheM 'tArkika loka mastaka bhavi' upAdhi se smaraNa kiyA hai|" AptamImAMsA para bhASya likhanevAle AcArya vidyAnanda ne aSTasahasrI meM
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 29 akalaMka ko 'vRttikAra', 'vigalitatimirAdikalaMka:', 'nirasta grahoparAgAdyupadravaH', 'vigalita jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmAtmakalaMka: Adi alaMkaraNoM se alaMkRta kiyA hai| laghu samantabhadra ne bhI unheM 'sakalatArkika cUr3AmaNi', 'bhaTTAkalaMkadeva', 'vArtikakAra', 'bhASyakAra' Adi kahakara unakI stuti kI hai| uttaravartI aneka AcAryoM/kaviyoM/lekhakoM ne unheM mahAn tArkika, dArzanika, vAdavijetA, adbhuta prabhAvasampanna, jinatulya, yugapravartaka tArkika loka mastakamaNi, tarka bhUvallabha, akalaMka zrI, bauddhabuddhivaidhavyaH dIkSAguru; vidvadahRdaya maNimAla, narasurendra vandanIya, pramANavettA ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM aura adhika vistAra se adhyayana kiyA jAye to akalaMka ke agAdha pANDitya ke sandarbha meM naye-naye tathya udghATita ho sakate haiM / vidvAnoM ko isa ora dattAvadhAna honA caahie| 1. nyAyakumadacandra kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 27 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga, lekha 213, pRSTha 263 3. vahI, dvitIya bhAga, lekha 277, pRSTha 416 4. vahI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 104 5. vahI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 105 6. vahI, tRtIya bhAga, pRSTha 350 7. vahI, tRtIya bhAga, lekha 319, pRSTha 46 8. vahI, tRtIya bhAga, lekha 326, pRSTha 66 9. vahI, prathama bhAga, lekha 68, pRSTha 24 10. vahI, tRtIya bhAga, pRSTha 206 11. vahI, tRtIya bhAga, pRSTha 195 12. vahI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 211 13. vahI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 338 14. nyAyakumudacandra, pRSTha 521 tathA 604 15. laghIyastraya tAtparyavRtti, pRSTha 18, 69, 73, 103 Adi 16. siddhivinizcaya TIkA, pRSTha 260 17. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, pRSTha 369 18. aSTasahasrI 19. aSTasahasrI, TippaNa, pRSTha 1, 2, 80 Adi rIDara evaM adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga zrI kundakunda jaina pI.jI. kAleja khataulI - 251201 (u.pra.)
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________________ 30 jainavidyA - 20-21 dhyAna aarauidrdhrmyshuklaani| RtamardanamAttirvA tatra bhavamArttam // 1 // RtaM duHkham athavA ardanamArtirvA, tatra bhvmaarttm| rudraHkrUrastatkarma raudrm||2|| rodayatIti rudraH krUra ityarthaH, tasyedaM karma tatra bhavaM vA raudrmityucyte| dharmAdanapetaM dhrmym||3|| dharmo varNitaH tato'napetaM dhyAnaM dhrmymityaakhyaayte| shucigunnyogaacchuklm||4|| yathA maladravyApAyAt zuciguNayogAcchukla vastraM tathA tadguNasAdhAdAtma-pariNAmasvarUpamapi zuklamiti nirucyte| tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9.28 dhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai - Arta, raudra, dharmya aura shukl| Rta-duHkha athavA ardana-Arti inase honevAlA dhyAna ArtadhyAna hai| 1 / rulAnevAle ko rudra-krUra kahate haiM, rudra kA karma yA rudra meM honevAlA dhyAna raudradhyAna hai| 2 / dharmayukta dhyAna dharmyadhyAna hai| 3 / jaise maila haTa jAne se vastra zuci hokara zukla kahalAtA hai usI taraha nirmalaguNarUpa AtmapariNati bhI zukla hai| 4 / (inameM Adi ke do dhyAna apuNyAsrava ke kAraNa hone se aprazasta haiM aura zeSa do karma-nirdahana meM samartha hone se prazasta haiN| anu. - pro. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 31 jaina-nyAya ke unnAyaka : bhaTTa akalaMkadeva - DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala pratyeka vyaktitva apane samaya kI dena hotA hai jisameM usake AMtarika guNa AvazyakatA ke anurUpa pallavita aura vikasita hote haiN| jaina-nyAya ke suprasiddha poSaka bhaTTa akalaMkadeva jainAgama ke aise sazakta hastAkSara haiM jinako vismRtakara jaina-nyAya zAstra ke vikAsa kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| tarka va yukti dvArA vastu-svarUpa kA nirNaya karane hetu nyAya zAstra kA udbhava huaa| jabaki azvaghoSa, nAgArjuna, kaNAda, jaiminI Adi dharmopadeSTA ekAnta se padArthoM kI siddhi kara rahe the, jainadharma ke dArzanika AcArya samantabhadra ne IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM sarvajJatA ke poSaNa hetu devAgamastotra meM samyagjJAna ko pramANa mAnakara vastu ke anekAntika svarUpa ko pramANa aura naya se nizcita karate hue jaina-nyAya zAstra kI sthApanA kii| pazcAt siddhasena divAkara ne 'nyAyAvatAra' Adya jaina-nyAyagraMtha rcaa| __ vikrama kI 7vIM zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM ne vAda-vivAda meM anya matoM ke AcAryoM ko parAjita kara apanA varcasva sthApita kiyA thaa| isa vijaya ne bauddhoM ko dharmAndha banA diyA aura anya dharmAvalambiyoM ko aneka pIr3A bhoganI pdd'ii| aise saMkramaNa kAla meM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kA udbhava huaa| akalaMkadeva ne devAgama stotra para aSTazati evaM tattvArthasUtra para tattvArthavArtika bhASya likhe, laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, pramANa saMgraha Adi maulika graMtha likhakara, jaina-nyAya kA bhavya prAsAda nirmita kiyA aura bauddhAdi mAnyatAoM kA nirasana kiyaa|
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________________ 00 jainavidyA - 20-21 bauddha darzana meM jo sthAna dharmakIrti ko prApta hai vahI sthAna jaina darzana meM akalaMkadeva kA hai| akalaMkadeva jainadharma ke prakhara tArkika evaM dArzanika AcArya the| unake dvArA sRjita jaina-nyAya ko akalaMka nyAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| akalaMkadeva kI pramANa-vyavasthA ko digambara aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne binA parivartana ke yathAvat svIkAra kiyA hai| mahAkavi dhanaJjaya ne anekArtha nAmamAlA koza meM akalaMkadeva kI pramANa-vyavasthA kA smaraNa bahumAnapUrvaka nimna prakAra kiyA hai pramANamakalaGkasya pUjyapAdasya lkssnnm| dhanaJjayakaveH kAvyaM rtntrympshcimm|| artha -akalaMka kA pramANa, pUjyapAda kA vyAkaraNa aura dhanaJjaya kavi kA kAvya, ye tInoM apazcima ratna haiN| __ akalaMkadeva ke kartatva arthAt tattvArthavArtika evaM siddha vinizcaya kA ullekha AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM tattvArtha bhASya ke nAma se kiyA hai| unake ziSya jinasena ne apane mahApurANa meM 'bhaTTAkalaMka zrIpAla pAtra kesariNAM guNA' likhakara unakA nAmollekha kiyA hai| nyAyavinizcaya ke TIkAkAra vAdirAja (zaka samvat 948) ne akalaMkadeva ko 'tArkika loka mastaka maNi' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA hai| unhoMne apane pArzvanAthacaritra meM akalaMkadeva kI jaya-jayakAra karate hue zUnyavAdI bauddhoM ke vijetA ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| hanumaccarita meM bhI akalaMkadeva kI bauddhoM ke vijetA ke rUpa meM jayakAra kI hai| zravaNavelagolA ke abhilekha kramAMka 47 meM likhA hai SaTatarkeSvakalaGkadeva vivudhaH sAkSAdayaM bhUtale artha- akalaMkadeva SaTdarzana aura tarkazAstra meM isa pRthvI para sAkSAt vivudha (bRhaspati deva) the| abhilekha kramAMka 108 meM pUjyapAda ke pazcAt akalaMkadeva kA smaraNa kara unheM mithyAtva andhakAra ko dUra karane ke lie sUrya-samAna batAyA gayA hai| vindhyagiri ke zilAlekha kramAMka 105 ke pada 21 meM akalaMkadeva ko smaraNa karate hue likhA hai - 'bauddha Adi dArzanikoM ke mithyA upadezarUpI paMka se sakalaMka hue jagata ko mAno apane nAma ko sArthaka banAne hI ke lie bhaTTAkalaMka ne akalaMka kara diyaa|12 jIvana paricaya tattvArthavArtika ke prathama adhyAya ke aMta meM nimna prazasti upalabdha hai jIyAcciramakalaGka brahmA laghu havva nRpati vrtnyH| anavarata nikhila vidvajjana nuta vidyaH prazasta jnhRdyH||
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 artha- laghuhavva nRpati ke vara arthAt jyeSTha yA zreSTha putra nikhila vidvajjanoM ke dvArA jinakI vidyA kA lohA mAnA jAtA hai, jo sajjana puruSoM ke hRdayoM ko AhlAdita karanevAle haiM, ve akalaMkabrahmA jayazIla haiN| isake anusAra akalaMkadeva laghuhavva nRpati ke putra haiM / laghuhavva kauna the aura dakSiNa meM kisa pradeza ke rAjA the, isa padya se kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotaa| akalaMkadeva ke jIvana ke sambandha meM prabhAcandra evaM brahmacArI nemidatta ke 'kathA koza' tathA 'rAjAvalikathe' grathoM meM akalaMka-kathAe~ milatI haiM jinase unake jIvana para prakAza par3atA hai| ina kathAkozoM ke anusAra akalaMkadeva mAnyakheTa ke rAjA zubhatuMga ke maMtrI puruSottama ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma padmAvatI thaa| unake do putra the- akalaMka aura nissklNk| eka bAra aSTAhnikA parva para unake mAtA-pitA ne apane putroM sahita ravigupta muni ke samakSa ATha dina kA brahmacarya vrata liyaa| isa vrata ko akalaMka aura niSkalaMka ne bhAvapUrvaka grahaNakara AjIvana vrata mAna liyA aura yuvAvasthA meM vivAha karane se inkAra kara diyaa| ve mahAbodhi vidyAlaya meM tat samaya pracalita bauddhadharma kA adhyayana karane lge| yaha ghaTanA donoM bhAiyoM kI viSaya-virakti AtmAbhiruci evaM cAritrika dRr3hatA kA sUcaka hai / yadyapi donoM bhAI jainadharma ko samarpita the, phira bhI niSkalaMka kI apekSA akalaMka buddhi meM pravara the| jainatva kA rahasya khulA aura niSkalaMka kA balidAna eka dina bauddha guru saptabhaMgI-siddhAnta samajhA rahe the, parantu pATha azuddha hone ke kAraNa viSaya spaSTa nahIM ho rahA thaa| guru ke jAne ke pazcAt akalaMka ne pATha zuddha kara diyaa| isa para guru ko yaha saMdeha ho gayA ki ye donoM bhAI jaina haiM / anya pramANoM se bhI isakI puSTi huii| tadanusAra dharmavidveSa ke kAraNa donoM bhAiyoM ko baMdIgRha meM kaida kara diyaa| eka rAtri meM donoM bhAI baMdIgRha se nikala kara bhAgane meM saphala ho gye| prAta:kAla bauddha guru ke Adeza para unheM pakar3ane hetu cAroM ora ghur3asavAroM ko daur3A diyA gyaa| ghuDasavAroM ko pIche Ate dekha niSkalaMka ne akalaMka ko tAlAba meM kUdakara apanI rakSA karane ko khaa| akalaMka ne bhAI kI AjJAnusAra tAlAba meM kUdakara apane ko kamala-patroM meM chipA liyaa| tAlAba meM eka dhobI kapar3e dho rahA thaa| ghur3asavAroM ko nikaTa AtA dekha vaha bhI prANa rakSA hetu niSkalaMka ke sAtha bhaagaa| ghur3asavAroM ne donoM ko bhAI samajha kara unakI hatyA kara dI pazcAt akalaMka tAlAba se bAhara bhramaNa karane lge| ___ ukta ghaTanA kI do niSpattiyA~ haiN| pahalI jainadharma ke pracArArtha akalaMka ko surakSita kara niSkalaMka dvArA praannotsrg| yaha ghaTanA apane Apa meM be-misAla aura preraNAprada hai jo vItarAgadharma ke rakSArtha/pracArArtha mRtyu ke varaNa taka kI preraNA detI hai| dUsarI, vidveSa cAhe dhArmika ho yA anya koI aura, sadaiva aMdhA, krUra aura barbara hotA hai| isI dhArmika vidveSa kI Aga meM niSkalaMka ke sAtha dhobI bhI apane prANa ga~vA baitthaa| yaha donoM niSpattiyAM Aja bhI utanI hI sAmayika aura yathArtha haiM, jitanI teraha sau varSa pUrva thii| akalaMkadeva ne jIvanaparyaMta anekAntarUpa jainadharma ke pracAra evaM vidveSa ke zamana kI sAdhanA kii|
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________________ 34 jainavidyA - 20-21 ___'rAjAvalikathe' meM akalaMka ko kAJcI ke jinadAsa nAmaka brAhmaNa kA putra kahA hai| isameM bhI akalaMka dvArA bauddha dharmAdhyayana evaM prANarakSA kI ukta ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA hai / isake anusAra akalaMka ne jaina dIkSA lekara sudhApura ke dezIyagaNa kA AcArya pada suzobhita kiyaa| zAstrArtha vijaya aura tArAdevI kA bhaMDAphor3a akalaMkadeva jaina, bauddha aura anya darzanoM ke niSNAta vidvAna the| unhoMne vibhinna sthAnoM para bauddha guruoM ko parAjita kara jainadharma ke anekAntavAda, ahiMsA Adi siddhAntoM kI dhvajA phaharAI aura apanI udAratA-sadAzayatA kA paricaya diyaa| isakI puSTi nimna ghaTanA se hotI hai| kaliMga deza ke ratanapura kA rAjA himazItala bauddha dharmAnuyAyI thA, kintu usakI patnI madanasundarI jaina thii| vaha dharma prabhAvanA hetu jaina ratha nikalavAnA cAhatI thii| rAjA ke bauddha guru isa pakSa meM nahIM the| unhoMne zarta rakhI ki bauddha guruoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane para hI jaina ratha nikAlane kI anumati dI jaaye| rAjA ke samakSa dharma saMkaTa upasthita ho gyaa| akalaMka ne isa cunautI ko saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| tadanusAra rAjA ke darabAra meM jaina aura bauddha guruoM ke madhya cha: mAha taka parade ke pIche zAstrArtha hotA rhaa| akalaMkadeva vismaya meM the, ki yaha kaise ho rahA hai| unheM jJAta huA ki parade ke pIche ghar3e meM baiThI tArAdevI (devIyazakti) bauddha guruoM ke sthAna para zAstrArtha kara rahI hai| unhoMne sAhasapUrvaka parade ko khola kara ghar3e ko phor3akara tArAdevI kA bhaMDAphor3a kara diyaa| tArAdevI bhAga khar3I huI aura bauddha guru parAjita ho gye| rAnI bahuta. prasanna huI aura usane utsAhapUrvaka jaina ratha nikAlakara dharmaprabhAvanA kii| prajAjana harSita hue| 'rAjAvalikathe' meM yaha ghaTanA kucha parivartana sahita varNita hai| isake anusAra bauddha guruoM ne zAstrArtha meM parAjita honevAle pakSa ko kolhU meM piravA dene kI krUra zarta rkhii| zAstrArtha sattaraha dina claa| kUSmANDinI devI ne akalaMkadeva ko svapna meM praznoM ko prakArAnta rasa meM upasthita karane para jItane kA saMdeza diyaa| akalaMka ne vaisA hI kiyA aura zAstrArtha meM vijayI hue| pazcAt akalaMka ne rAjA se anurodha kara bauddha guruoM ko kolhU meM pirAye jAne kA daNDa kSamA krvaayaa| bauddha guru kaliMga se sIlona cale gye| isa prakAra akalaMka ne ahiMsA evaM kSamAzIlatA kA sabhI ko bhAva-bodha kraayaa| pANDava purANa meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki kalikAla meM ve kalaMka rahita akalaMka zruta ko vibhUSita kareM jinhoMne ghaTa meM baiThI mAyArUpIdhAraNI devI ko paira se tthukraayaa| zravaNavelagola kI malliSeNa prazasti se bhI ukta ghaTanA kI puSTi hotI hai| isa prazasti kA lekhana kAla zaka samvat 1050 hai| akalaMkadeva kI vidvattA, sAhasa, AtmAbhiruci yukta tArkikatA tathA jaina-nyAya ke prati yogadAna ko dRSTigata kara AcArya vidyAnaMda ne unheM 'sakalatArkika cakracUr3AmaNi se vibhUSita kara unake prati bahumAna prakaTa kiyA hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 samaya-nirdhAraNa akalaMkadeva ke kAla ke sambandha meM kaI dhAraNAe~ pracalita haiN| akalaMka caritra meM nimna zloka AyA hai jisameM unake dvArA vikrama samvat 700 arthAt I. san 643 meM zAstrArtha karane kA ullekha hai / zata sapta prabhAjuSi / vikramArka zakAbdIya kAle akalaMka yati no bauddhairvAdo mahAna bhUta // 35 isa zloka meM vikramArka pada kA artha kucha vidvAnoM ne zaka samvat kiyA hai| donoM meM 135 varSa kA aMtara | sva. DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ne donoM matoM ke vidvAnoM kI dhAraNAoM ko dRSTigata kara akalaMka kA samaya I. san 8vIM zatI siddha kiyA hai| DaoN. zrI nemicanda zAstrI jyotiSAcArya ke matAnusAra- " AcArya kailAzacandra zAstrI ne gahana adhyayana kara akalaMkadeva kA samaya I. san 620-680 nizcita kiyA hai aura mahendrakumArajI ke anusAra yaha samaya I. san 720-780 . AtA hai| isa taraha donoM samayoM ke madhya 100 varSa kA aMtara hai|" yaha ullekhanIya hai ki akalaMkadeva dhanaMjaya ke pUrvavartI haiM aura dhanaMjaya vIrasena ke pUrvavartI haiM kintu DaoN. mahendrakumArajI ina tInoM ko samakAlIna mAnate haiN| samaya-bheda kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai / phira bhI, suvicArita dRSTi se akalaMkadeva kA kAla I. san 620-680 adhika pramANika pratIta hotA hai| isakI puSTi ukta zloka se hotI hai| karttRtva akalaMkadeva darzana zAstra ke gUr3ha adhyetA the / unhoMne SaTdarzana kA gambhIra adhyayana-ciMtana kara tarka aura yukti se jaina darzana kI zreSThatA, samIcInatA aura AtmakalyANa hetu usakI upAdeyatA sazakta rUpa se siddha kii| yadyapi ve mUlata: tArkika - dArzanika the phira bhI unheM jaina siddhAnta nyAya aura Agama para pUrNa adhikAra thaa| jaina adhyAtma pakSa unake ciMtana kA kendrabindu thaa| unakI racanAe~ gUr3ha-gambhIra haiN| unheM saMskRta bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra thA / unhoMne gadya aura padya donoM meM racanA kI / gahana viSayoM ko sahaja-sarala karane hetu unhoMne vyaMgAtmaka zailI bhI apanAyI / unakI bhASA chanda, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, zabda sArmathya Adi adbhuta thii| ve vArtikakAra ke sAtha hI saphala vyAkhyA - bhASyakAra bhI the / akalaMkadeva kI racanAe~ do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM- prathama bhAga meM TIkA grantha haiM aura dvitIya bhAga meM jaina- nyAya viSayaka svataMtra racanAe~ haiM / inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai TIkA graMtha 1. tattvArthavArtika bhASya (tattvArtharAjavArtika) 2. aSTazatI - devAgama vivRtti
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________________ 36 jainavidyA - 20-21 svataMtra graMtha 3. svopajJavRtti sahita laghIyastraya 4. nyAyavinizciya savRtti 5. siddhivinizcaya savRtti 6. pramANa saMgraha savRtti anya graMtha jainendra siddhAnta koSa ke anusAra ApakI nimna cAra racanAe~ aura haiM7. svarUpa sambodhana 8. vRhattrayam 9. nyAya cUlikA 10. akalaMka stotra (jina stotr)| zrI paM. sadAsukhadAsajI ne isakI bhASATIkA likhI hai| 1. tattvArthavArtika bhASya akalaMkadeva ne darzana, tarka, nyAya, Agama aura adhyAtma ke Aloka meM umAsvAti kRta 'tattvArthasUtra' para 'tattvArthavArtika' nAma kI bahuAyAmI TIkA likhii| ise 'tatvArtha rAjavArtika' yA 'rAjavArtika' ke nAma se bhI pukArA jAtA hai| isa TIkA kA AdhAra AcArya pUjyapAda kRta tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA hai| tattvArthavArtika TIkA gadyAtmaka hai jisameM pahale sUtrAtmaka vArtika likhe gaye aura bAda meM unakI vyAkhyA-bhASya likhA gyaa| isameM paramparAgata vyAkhyA ke sAtha hI navInatA kA bhI samAveza hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' jaina darzana ke saiddhAntika evaM Agama pakSa ko prastuta karane vAlA mahatvapUrNa sUtrAtmaka graMtha hai jise kucha aMtarasahita digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM svIkArate haiN| isameM dasa adhyAya haiM / akalaMkadeva jaina siddhAnta, adhyAtma evaM Agama ke marmajJa vidvAna hone ke sAtha hI gUDha dArzanika aura tArkika the| svabhAvataH tattvArthavArtika meM sarvatra akalaMkadeva kI dArzanikatA evaM vizadajJAna kA darzana hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra kA prathama aura paMcama adhyAya kramazaH jJAna aura dravyoM se sambandhita hai jo darzana ke pradhAna aMga haiM / darzanazAstra ke pAThakoM ke lie ye adhyAya jJAnavardhaka aura rocaka siddha hoNge| tattvArthavArtika kI dUsarI vizeSatA jaina siddhAnta ke prANa anekAntavAda kI vyApaka rUpa se sthApanA karanA hai| akalaMkadeva ne na kevala dArzanika mantavyoM apitu Agamika rahasyoM meM bhI yathAsthAna anekAntavAda kI carcAkara use pratiSThita kiyaa| prathama adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra 'pramANanayairadhigamaH' meM saptabhaMgI tathA caturtha adhyAya ke aMta meM anekAntavAda ke sthApanapUrvaka naya saptabhaMgI aura pramANa saptabhaMgI kA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| jahA~ taka Agamika viSayoM kA sambandha hai, akalaMkadeva SaTkhaNDAgama ke vizeSajJa the, jisakA anugamana prastuta vArtika meM kiyA gyaa| dvitIya adhyAya meM pA~ca bhAva aura unake bheda, jIvoM kA lakSaNa aura bheda evaM usase sambandhita varNana hai| tIsare adhyAya meM adholoka aura
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________________ 37 jainavidyA - 20-21 madhyaloka tathA cauthe adhyAya meM Urdhvaloka (svargaloka) kA vistRta varNana hai| pA~caveM adhyAya meM chaha dravyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| chaThA adhyAya vibhinna kAryoM se utpanna karma-Asrava se sambandhita hai| sAtaveM adhyAya meM jaina gRhasthAcAra kI vyAkhyA hai / AThaveM adhyAya meM karmabaMdharUpa karma siddhAnta kA varNana hai| nauvA~ adhyAya karmoM ke saMvara, muniyoM kA AcAra evaM dhyAna evaM karma-nirjarA se sambandhita hai tathA dasaveM adhyAya meM mokSa kA sundara varNana hai| ina sabhI adhyAyoM kI vizada TIkA akalaMkadeva ne kI hai aura usameM jaina siddhAtoM ke vivecana ke sAtha hI anya darzanoM kI samIkSA kI hai| isake atirikta sphoTavAda, kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI tathA vainikavAdiyoM kI samIkSA kI hai| tattvArthavArtika kA adhyAtma pakSa dharma mUlataH adhyAtma se sambandhita hai jisakA lakSya AtmA ko paramAtmA banAnA hai| rAgAdi vikalpoM se rahita nija-zuddhAtmA meM anuSThAna kI pravRtti hI adhyAtma hai| adhyAtma meM abheda ratnatraya ke pratipAdaka artha aura padoM ke anukUla vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| yadyapi tattvArthavArtika jaina Agama graMtha hai phira bhI akalaMkadeva ne AcArya kundakundadeva ke dravyAnuyoga kA anusaraNa karate hue adhyAya eka ke sUtra saMkhyA eka, do evaM anya adhyAyoM meM upayukta sthaloM para adhyAtma pakSa ko prastuta kara yaha siddha kiyA ki vItarAgatA kI prApti AtmabhUta, AtmAzrita evaM triratna ke sumela se hI sambhava hai| isa sambandha meM nimna bindu mananIya haiM - 'samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya kA pahalA sUtra hai jo mokSa-mArga darzAtA hai| akalaMkadeva ke anusAra isameM jJAna aura darzana zabda karaNa sAdhana haiM arthAt AtmA kI usa zakti kA nAma jJAna hai jisase padArtha jAne jAte haiM aura usa zakti kA nAma darzana hai jisase tattvazraddhAna hotA hai| cAritra zabda karmasAdhana hai arthAt jo AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha cAritra hai' (1-1-4) / aMkalaMkadeva ne AtmA aura jJAna ke bIca kartA aura karaNa ke bheda-abheda kI aura anta meM jJAna se AtmA ko bhinna-abhinna siddha kara ghoSita kiyA ki akhaNDa dRSTi se AtmA aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai (1-1-5/6) / athavA 'jAnAti iti jJAnam' arthAt jo jAne so jJAna, 'pazyatIti darzanam' arthAt jo zraddhA kare vaha darzana, 'caratIti cAritram' arthAt jo AcaraNa kare vaha cAritra hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAnAdi paryAyoM se pariNata AtmA hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa hotA hai / isaliye kartA aura karaNa kI bhinnatA kA siddhAnta mAnakara AtmA aura jJAna meM bheda karanA ucita nahIM hai (1.1.22/23) athavA jJAnAdi zabdoM ko bhAva-sAdhana kahanA caahie| 'jJAtirjJAnam' arthAt jAnane rUpa kriyA, 'dRSTi darzanam' arthAt tattvazraddhAna, 'caraNaM cAritram' arthAt aacrnn| udAsInarUpa se sthita jJAnAdi kriyAe~ hI mokSamArga haiM / kriyA meM vyApta jJAnAdi meM to yathAsaMbhava kartRsAdhana, karaNasAdhana Adi vyavahAra hoMge (1-1-24) /
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________________ 38 jainavidyA - 20-21 AtmA meM samyagdarzana aura jJAna eka sAtha utpanna hone ke uparAMta bhI donoM kI paryAyeM bhinnabhinna haiM / jahA~ jJAna aura cAritra kA sambandha hai, isameM sUkSma kAla-bheda hai, jisakA AbhAsa nahIM ho paataa| jJAna aura cAritra meM artha-bheda bhI hai - jJAna jAnane ko kahate haiM aura cAritra karmabaMdha kI kAraNa kriyAoM kI nivRtti ko| ataH jJAna aura cAritra ke artha bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| dravyArthika dRSTi se jJAnAdika meM ekatva hai tathA paryAyArthika dRSTi se anekatva (1-1-61/64) / jJAnapUrvaka cAritra hI upAdeya hai| isakA pratipAdana karate hue akalaMkadeva ne kahA ki sUtra meM darzana aura cAritra ke bIca meM jJAna kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki cAritra jJAnapUrvaka hI hotA hai (1-1-30) / sAMkhya, bauddha Adi vividha dharma-darzanoM kI mImAMsA kara akalaMkadeva ne siddha kiyA ki mokSa arthAt samasta karmoM kA AtyAntika uccheda ratnatraya ke ekatva se hI sambhava hai| mAtra jJAna yA vairAgya yA kriyA jaise pRthaka-pRthaka ghaTakoM dvArA nhiiN| AtmArthI ko Atmopalabdhi aura mokSa kI prApti ke lie adhyAtma ke ukta rahasya ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| ___ 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' prathama adhyAya kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai jo samyagdarzana kA bodha karAtA hai| tattvArthazraddhAna hI samyagdarzana hai| 'tattva' zabda bhAvasAmAnya kA vAcaka hai| tattva kA artha hai- 'jo padArtha jisa rUpa se hai, usakA usI rUpa honaa|' artha kA bhAva hai- 'jo jAnA jaaye'| tattvArtha kA artha hai- 'jo padArtha jisarUpa se sthita hai, usakA usIrUpa (bhavana) honaa|' tAtparya yaha hai ki jisake hone para tattvArtha arthAt vastu kA yathArtha grahaNa ho use samyagdarzana kahate haiM (1-2-5/16) / isa prakAra jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kA bhAvabodha sahita zraddhAna/ ruci samyagdarzana hai| zraddhAna zabda karaNa, bhAva aura karma tInoM sAdhanoM se niSpanna hotA hai| zraddhAna AtmA kI paryAya hai aura AtmA hI zraddhAnarUpa se pariNamita hotA hai (1-2-7/6) / samyagdarzana aura samyaktva-karma-prakRti meM bheda darzAte hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki mokSa ke kAraNoM kA prakaraNa hone ke kAraNa yahA~ AtmA kA upAdAnabhUta pariNAma hI vivakSita hai| samyagdarzana sIdhe AtmasvarUpa hI hai jabaki samyakatva-prakRti pudgala kI paryAya hai| AtmA hI apanI zakti se darzana paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai ataH vahI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| ataH AtmapariNAmarUpa samyagdarzana hI mokSa kA sAkSAta kAraNa hai (1-2-9/16) / samyagdarzana icchApUrvaka nahIM hotA? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki icchA lobha kI paryAya hai aura kevalI nirmohI hote haiN| ata: 'jisake hone para AtmA yathAbhUta artha kA grahaNa karatA hai use samyagdarzana kahate haiM, yahI lakSaNa ucita hai (1-2-26/28) / yaha samyagdarzana do prakAra kA hai 1. sarAgasamyagdarzana aura 2. vItarAga smygdrshn| prazama, saMvega, anukampA aura AstikyasvarUpa sarAga samyagdarzana hai| rAgAdi kI zAnti prazama hai| saMsAra se DaranA saMvega hai| prANImAtra meM maitrIbhAva anukampA aura jIvAdi padArthoM ke yathArthasvarUpa meM 'asti' buddhi honA Astikya hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 39 ___ tathA mohanIyakarma kI sAta karma prakRtiyoM kA atyaMta apagama arthAt unakA Azraya na hone para AtmavizuddhirUpa vItarAga samyaktva hai| sarAga samyaktva sAdhana hI hotA hai aura vItarAga samyagdarzana sAdhana aura sAdhya bhI (1-2-29/31) / ajIvAdi tattvoM ko nirdeza svAmitva Adi dvArA jAnane kI yojanA sUtra sAta meM dI gayI hai| isa sUtra kI TIkA meM akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki samyagdarzana kA svAmI AtmA hai aura samyagdarzana paryAya hai| jJAna kA svAmI AtmA hai aura jJAna paryAya hai aura cAritra kA svAmI AtmA hai aura cAritra paryAya hai (1-7-14) / isa prakAra triratnoM kA svAmI aura paryAya, AtmA hI hai koI bhI AtmA se bhinna nhiiN| saMvara mithyAdarzana Adi Asrava ke pratyayoM kA nirodha hone se unase AnevAle karmoM kA ruka jAnA saMvara hai jo dravyasaMvara evaM bhAvasaMvara rUpa hai| AtmA ko dravyAdi nimittoM se paryAyAntara bhavAntara kI prApti honA saMsAra hai| isa saMsAra meM kAraNabhUta kriyA aura pariNAmoM kI nivRtti bhAvasaMvara hai| aura bhAva baMdha ke nirodha se tatpUrvaka AnevAle karma pudgaloM kA ruka jAnA dravyasaMvara hai (9-1-6/9) / karaNa (bhAva) - samyaktva aura cAritra kI prApti kA AdhArabhUta kAraNa vizuddha AtmapariNAma hai jinase karmoM kA upazama-kSaya hotA hai| samyaktva kSAyopazamika bhI hotA hai| zreNIArohaNa apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNarUpa Atma-pariNAmoM se hI hotA hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki apUrvakaraNarUpa pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi se zreNI car3hanevAlA apUrvakaraNa hai| isI prakAra anivRttikaraNarUpa pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi se karma prakRtiyoM ko sthUlarUpa se upazama yA kSaya karanevAlA upazamaka-kSapaka anivRttikaraNa hai (9-2-19/20) / yathAkhyAta cAritra- cAritra moha ke upazama yA kSaya se AtmasvabhAva sthitarUpa parama apekSA pariNata yathAkhyAta cAritra hotA hai (9-19-11/12) / . svAdhyAya kA mahatva - mokSamArga meM svAdhyAya kI AdhArabhUta bhUmikA hai| svAdhyAya aMtaraMga tapa hai| isakI mahattA rekhAMkita karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki 'prajJAtizaya prazastaadhyavasAya pravacanasthiti saMzayoccheda paravAdioM kI zaMkA kA abhAva paramasaMvega tapovRddhi aura aticArazuddhi Adi ke lie svAdhyAya karanA Avazyaka hai' (9-25) / dhyAna - navama adhyAya ke sUtra 27 se 44 taka dhyAna kI vistRta carcA kI hai| akalaMkadeva ne anekAntika dRSTi se dhyAna kI bhAva-sAdhana, kartR-sAdhana aura karaNa-rUpa meM mImAMsA karate hue kahA ki 'ekAgracintA nirodho' isameM agra zabda prAdhAnyavAcI hai arthAt pradhAna AtmA ko lakSya banAkara cintA kA nirodha krnaa| athavA 'aGgatIti agrama AtmA' isa vyutapatti meM dravyarUpa se eka AtmA ko lakSya banAnA hI svIkRta hai| dhyAna svavRtti hotA hai, isameM bAhya ciMtAoM se nivRtti hotI hai (9-27-18/22) /
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________________ 40 jainavidyA - 20-21 __dhyAna ke bheda - Rta - duHkha athavA ardana - Arti, inase honevAlA dhyAna ArtadhyAna hai| rUlAne vAle ko rUdra-krUra kahate haiM, rUdra kA karma yA rUdra meM honevAlA dhyAna raudradhyAna hai| dharmayukta dhyAna dharmadhyAna hai| jaise maila chUTa jAne se vastra zuci hokara zukla kahalAtA hai usI taraha nirmalaguNarUpa Atma-pariNati bhI zukla hai| isameM Adi ke do dhyAna (Arta-raudra) apuNyAsrava ke kAraNa hone se aprazasta hai aura zeSa do (dharma-zukla) karmadahana meM samartha hone se prazasta haiM (9-28-1/4) / bhAva aura siddhAvasthA ke bhAva - akalaMkadeva ne adhyAya eka ke sUtra pA~ca meM bhAva ko paribhASita kiyA hai| 'bhavanaM bhavatIti vA bhAvaH' arthAt honA mAtra yA jo hotA hai, so bhAva hai (1-5-0) / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki kucha karane yA nahIM karane ke vikalpoM se pare mAtra honerUpa jJAyakabhAva hI jIva kA svabhAva bhAva hai jo dharmasvarUpa hai| jIva ke aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika ye pA~ca bhAva hote haiN| inameM prathama cAra karma-sApekSa aura aMtima karma-nirapekSa hai| inake 53 bheda haiM / ye bhAva azubha, zubha aura zuddharUpa hote haiN| dasaveM adhyAya ke sUtra eka ke anusAra mohakSaya hone para kevalajJAnAdi utpanna hote haiN| mohAdi kA kSaya pariNAma vizeSa se hotA hai (10-1-3) / sUtra cAra ke anusAra siddha bhagavAna ke samyaktva, jJAna, darzana aura siddhatva ye cAra kSAyikabhAva aura jIvatvarUpa pAriNAmika bhAva hote haiN| jJAnadarzana ke avinAbhAvI anaMtavIrya Adi hote haiM / anaMtavIrya se rahita vyakti ke anantajJAna nahIM ho sakatA aura na hI anaMtasukha hI, kyoMki sukha to jJAnamaya hI hai (10-4-3) / ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMkadeva ne jaina siddhAnta aura Agama kA vizada varNana karate hue mukti hetu anekAntamayI, AtmAzrita adhyAtma pakSa ko hI upAdeya svIkAra kiyA hai| bhavyAtmAoM ko isakA rahasya samajhanA apekSita hai| 2. aSTazatI - devAgama vivRtti svAmI samantabhadra ne devAgama stotra (Apta mImAMsA) meM anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karate hue sarvajJa kI siddhi kI thii| akalaMkadeva ne devAgama stotra para 800 zloka pramANa vivRti (bhASya) likhI jo aSTazatI kahalAtI hai| dArzanika kSetra meM yaha vRtti saMkSipta, gahana aura arthagAmbhIryayukta adbhuta kRti hai| vizva ke darzana do bhAgoM meM vargIkRta haiM- eka anekAntavAdI aura dUsarA ekaantvaadii| jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai, zeSa ekaantvaadii| devAgama stotra meM anekAntavAdI vaktA ko Apta aura ekAntavAdI vaktA ko anApta batAte hue vibhinna darzanoM ke dvaita-advaitavAda, zAzvata-azAzvatavAda, vaktavya-avaktavyavAda, anyatA-ananyatAvAda, sApekSa-anapekSavAda, hetuahetuvAda, vidvAna-bahirarthavAda, daiva-puruSArthavAda, puNya-pApavAda, bandha-mokSakAraNavAda Adi kI samIkSA kI gayI hai / aSTazatI meM ina viSayoM ke atirikta anya navIna viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai jo mUlagraMtha meM chUTa gaye haiN| sarvajJa kI carcA meM sarvajJa-sAmAnya meM vivAdIcArvAka aura mImAMsakoM ke sAtha, sarvajJa-vizeSa meM vivAdI bauddha Adi kI AlocanA kara diGnAga Adi bauddha naiyAyikoM ke pakSa kA khaNDana kiyA hai / saptabhaMgI meM samantabhadra ne kevala cAra bhaMgoM kA hI upayoga
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________________ 41 jainavidyA - 20-21 kiyA thA kintu akalaMkadeva ne vaidika darzanoM ke sAmAnyavAda ko sadvaktavya aura bauddhoM ke anyApohavAda ko asadvaktavya batAkara zeSa bhaMgoM kA bhI upayoga kiyaa| Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtvavAda kI AlocanA kI hai| pramANoM kI carcA karake sarvajJa ke jJAna darzana kI yugapata pravRtti siddha kI hai| aSTazatI meM dharmakIrti (bauddha) ke pramANavArtika evaM pramANavinizcaya graMthoM tathA tattvArtha sUtra ke kucha sUtra uddhRta kiye haiN| AcArya vidyAnanda ne aSTazatI ke bhAvoM ko samAviSTa kara aSTasahasrI TIkA likhI jisameM akalaMkadeva ke gahana-gambhIra bhAvoM ko prakaTa kiyA hai| 3. svopajJavRtti sahita laghIyastraya nAma ke anurUpa laghIyastraya tIna choTe-choTe prakaraNoM arthAt pramANa praveza, naya praveza aura pravacana praveza kA 78 kArikAoM kA saMkSipta kintu sAragarbhita saMgraha hai| pramANa praveza meM cAra pariccheda haiM- pratyakSa, viSaya, parokSa aura Agama pricched| inameM kramaza: 6, 3, 12 aura 8 (kula 29) kArikAe~ haiN| ina paricchedoM meM pramANa kA svarUpa, bheda-prabheda, viSaya aura pramANa ke phala kA varNana hone se unheM pramANa praveza kahA gyaa| naya praveza meM 21 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM naya, naya ke bheda Adi kA varNana hone se naya praveza khaa| chaThe aura sAtaveM pariccheda meM kramaza: 22 aura 6 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke varNana karane kI pratijJA karake bhI zruta aura usake bheda-prabhedoM kA mukhya varNana hone ke kAraNa unheM pravacana praveza kA nAma diyaa| AcArya prabhAcandra ne ina sAta paricchedoM para 'nyAyakumudacandra' nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| akalaMkadeva ne bhI kArikAoM ke sAtha una para saMkSipta vivRtti likhii| jaina darzana anekAntavAdI hai| usake anusAra pratyeka vastu meM paraspara virodhI kahe jAnevAle, jaise - nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva Adi dharmoM kA samUha pAyA jAtA hai| yaha pramANa kA viSaya hai| jaina siddhAnta meM jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| pramANa ke do rUpa haiM- svArtha aura parArtha / jJAna ke dvArA vastu kI sAkSAta jJapti (jAnakArI) jJAtA ko hotI hai| jJAtA ke jJAna kA upayoga koI anya kare, isake lie zabdoM kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| kintu zabda -sAmarthya sImita hai| jJAna vastuoM ko yA unake aneka dharmoM ko ekasAtha jAna sakatA hai, kintu eka samaya meM eka dharma ko hI kaha sakatA hai| ataH vastu ke pratipAdaka vaktA ke jJAna ko zruta aura usake eka pratipAdya dharma ko naya kahate haiM / kathana kI asamarthatA kA nirAkaraNa syAdvAda siddhAnta se huaa| syAdvAda vastu ko anekadharmAtmaka batAtA hai aura nayavAda usake kisI eka dharma ke kathana karanevAle vaktA ke abhiprAya ko| syAt kA artha hotA hai 'kathaMcit yA kisI apekSA vizeSa se'| vItarAgI upadeza ko zruta kahA jAtA hai| akalaMkadeva ne zruta ke do upayoga batAe-eka syAdvAda zruta aura dUsarA naya zruta / anaMta dharmAtmaka vastu ke eka dharma kA bodha karAnevAlA vAkya naya zruta yA vikalAdeza hai / tathA eka dharma ke dvArA anaMtadharmAtmaka vastu kA bodha karAnevAlA vAkya syAdvAda zruta hai| pUrNa vastu kA bodha karAne ke kAraNa ise sakalAdeza bhI kahate haiN| zruta pramANa ke naigamanaya Adi sAta bheda haiM, jo naya kahalAte haiN| zruta jJAna ke sivAya anya jJAnoM ke bheda naya nahIM ho skte| mUla naya do haiM-dravyArthika aura pryaayaarthik| dravyArthika, abheda arthAt sat sAmAnya ko viSaya karatA hai, jabaki paryAyArthika bheda, paryAya-vizeSa ko|
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________________ 42 jainavidyA - 20-21 laghIyastraya meM akalaMkadeva dvArA varNita pramANa viSayaka cArTa isa prakAra hai pramANa jJAna ke bheda pratyakSa pramANa parokSa pramANa (zruta) anumAna Agama avAya dhAraNA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mukhya pratyakSa yA indriyaM pratyakSa anindriya pratyakSa atIndriya pratyakSa avagraha smRti saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna) ciMtA (tarka) abhinibodha (anumAna) noTa - akalaMkadeva ke anusAra mati, smRti, saMjJA, ciMtA aura abhinibodha jJAna yadi zabda __ saMsarga rahita hoM to sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke bheda haiM aura yadi zabda saMsarga sahita hoM to parokSa zruta pramANa ke bheda jAnanA caahiye| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki akalaMka ke uttaravartI jaina naiyAyikoM ne indriyajanya jJAna ko ekamata se sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA kintu smRti Adi ko kisI ne bhI anindriya pratyakSa nahIM mAnA, ve parokSa meM hI antarbhUta kiye gye| 4. nyAyavinizcaya savRtti akalaMkadeva kI racanAoM meM nyAyavinizcaya kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra ke bAda jaina sAhitya meM nyAyavinizcaya hI ekamAtra aisA graMtha hai jisake AdhAra para uttarakAlIna jaina-nyAya ke sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| akalaMkadeva ne nyAyavinizcaya para padyagadyAtmaka vRtti bhI likhii| vAdirAja racita nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa nAmaka TIkA bhI prApta huI hai| nyAyavinizcaya meM tIna prastAva haiM- 1. pratyakSa prastAva - isameM 169 kArikA haiM, 2. anumAna prastAva -isameM 216 kArikA haiM aura 3. Agama prastAva -isameM 94 kArikA haiN| isa prakAra isameM kula 479 kArikAe~ aura padya haiM / yaha praur3ha aura gambhIra bhASA meM nibaddha hai| pratyakSa prastAva meM pratyakSa kI vizada paribhASA kI gayI hai| dravya kA lakSaNa, guNa-paryAya kA svarUpa, dravya aura paryAya ke sAtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dravya aura paryAya kI carcA karate hue guNa aura paryAya meM bhedAbheda batAte hue utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isameM jJAna ko arthagrAhI siddha karate hue bauddha mata ke vikalpa-lakSaNa, tadAkAratA, vijJAnavAda, nairAtmavAda, paramANuvAda kI vistRta AlocanA kI hai aura jJAna ko svasaMvedI tathA nirAkAra siddha kiyA hai| isameM bauddha ke indriya pratyakSa, mAnasa pratyakSa, svasaMvedana pratyakSa aura yogi pratyakSa tathA sAMkhya aura naiyAyika ke pratyakSa kA khaNDana kiyA hai| aMta meM atIndriya pratyakSa ke lakSaNa ke sAtha yaha prastAva samApta ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 43 jainavidyA - 20-21 dUsarA prastAva anumAna se sambaddha hai| isameM anumAna kA lakSaNa, sAdhya - sAdhanAbhAsa ke lakSaNa, hetvAbhAsa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, jAti, vAda Adi kA sundara vivecana hai / jIva kA svarUpa, caitanya ke sambandha meM cArvAka Adi ke mata kA khaNDana, vaizeSika ke 'aguNavAna guNa:' kI AlocanA, naiyAyika ke pUrvavat, zeSavat, sAmAnyatodRSTa aura sAMkhya ke vIta, avIta aura vItAvIta hetuoM kI samAlocanA Adi kI hai| tIsarA prastAva Agama se sambandhita hai / isameM Agama, mokSa aura sarvajJa kA vivecana karate hue buddha ke karuNAvatva, sarvajJatva tathA caturAryasatva Adi kI samIkSA kI hai| isameM vedoM ke apauruSeyatva aura sAMkhya ke mokSa kI AlocanA kI hai| aMta meM saptabhaMgI nirUpaNa, syAdvAda meM diye jAne vAle saMzayAdi doSoM kA parihAra, smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna Adi kA prAmANya aura pramANa kA phala Adi viSayoM kA vivecana kara grantha samApta ho jAtA hai I vidyAnanda ne zlokavArtika meM isake kaI padya jyoM-ke-tyoM uddhRta kiye haiM / akalaMkadeva ne bhI aSTazatI meM isakI do-eka kArikAe~ gadyarUpa meM lI haiN| pramANa saMgraha meM bhI isakI kArikAe~ bahutAyata meM milatI haiM / 5. siddhivinizcaya savRti yaha durlabha graMtha kaccha deza ke 'koDAya' grAma ke zvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAra se anaMtavIrya kRta / phira bhI Adya TIkA rUpa meM jIrNa avasthA meM prApta huaa| isa TIkA meM mUla bhAga bahuta kama akSaroM kA ullekha kara TIkA likhI hai| TIkA meM mUla kA ullekha do prakAra se huA hai| eka to 'atrAha' karake kArikA rUpa se aura dUsare 'kArikA vyAkhyAtumAha' karake kArikA ke vyAkhyAna rUpa se / isI se yaha jJAta huA ki TIkA mUlagraMtha aura usakI vivRti ko lekara banAI gayI hai| siddhivinizcaya meM 12 prastAva haiM jinameM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kA vivecana hai / pratyeka prastAva meM eka - eka viSaya kI siddhi kI gayI hai| ina prastAvoM kA nAma isa prakAra hai( 1 ) . pratyakSa siddhi (2) savikalpa siddhi (3) pramANAntara siddhi ( 4 ) jIva siddhi (5) jalpa siddhi (6) hetu lakSaNa siddhi (7) zAstra siddhi (8) sarvajJa siddhi (9) zabda siddhi (10) arthanaya siddhi (11) zabdanaya siddhi evaM ( 12 ) nikSepa siddhi / siddhasena gaNi kI tatvArthaTIkA, nyAyakumudacandra, pramANa mImAMsA aura syAdvAda maMjarI meM isakI kArikAe~ uddhRta kI gayI haiN| jinazAsana kA yaha eka prabhAvaka grantha mAnA gayA hai| 6. pramANa saMgraha savRtti ekAnta pakSa ke viruddha jitane bhI pramANa ho sakate the, unakA saMgraha isa graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai / isakAraNa isakI bhASA aura bhAva ati kaThina hai / yaha gadya-padyAtmaka hai| kahIM-kahIM gadya bhAga meM padya kA vyAkhyAna bhI kiyA hai| ataH ise akalaMkadeva ke anya grathoM kA pariziSTa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha graMtha paM. sukhalAlajI ke prayAsa se pATana ke bhaNDAra se prApta huaa| isa TIkA se aisA lagatA hai ki anantavIrya ne isa para bhI pramANa saMgrahAlaMkAra yA pramANa saMgraha bhASya nAma kI TIkA likhI hai| isameM 9 prastAva hai aura 89 kArikAe~ haiM, zeSa bhAga gadya meM hai /
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________________ 44 jainavidyA - 20-21 ___pahale prastAva meM 8.5 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa kahakara usake indriya, anindriya aura atIndriya rUpa se tIna bheda kiye haiN| pramANa kA phala aura pratyakSa viSayaka sAmagrI hai| dUsare prastAva meM 9 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM parokSa pramANa ke bheda smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarka ko pramANya siddha karake Agama ke Aloka meM parokSa padArthoM ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha grahaNa kara sakane kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| tarka-kutarka kA lakSaNa darzAyA hai| tIsare prastAva meM 10 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM anumAna pramANa tathA usake avayava, sAdhya-sAdhana kA lakSaNa aura anekAntAtmaka vastu meM diye jAnevAle saMzayAdi ATha doSoM kI samIkSA hai| cauthe prastAva meM 12.5 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM hetu sambandhI vicAra, usake bhedoM kA vivecana tathA isake trirUpa kA khaNDana kiyA hai| anya matoM kI samIkSA kI hai| pA~caveM prastAva meM 12 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM asiddha, viruddhAdi hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ajJAta hetu kA akiMcitkara meM aMtarabhAva Adi hetvAbhAsa viSayaka prarUpaNa hokara aMtarvyApti kA samarthana kiyA hai| chaThe prastAva meM 12.5 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM vAda kA lakSaNa, jaya-parAjaya, vyavasthA kA svarUpa tathA jAti Adi kA kathana kiyA hai aura anekAnta meM saMbhavita ATha doSoM kA parihAra karake vastu ko utpAdAdirUpa siddha kiyA hai| isa prastAva meM ullekhanIya varNana yaha hai ki bauddhoM ne jainoM ko ahnIka, pazu, alaukika, tAmasa, prAkRta Adi vizeSaNa prayukta kiye| akalaMkadeva ne apanI prakhara buddhi se ina zabdoM kI asaMgata-siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kara unheM bauddhoM ke lie hI upayukta siddha kiyaa| yathA, pazu lakSaNa pratyakSaM niSkalaM zeSaM bhrAntaM sArUpya kalpanam kSaNa sthAnamasatkAryamabhASyaM pazulakSaNam sAtaveM prastAva meM 9.5 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM Agama pramANa kA varNana kara sarvajJa tathA atIndriya jJAna kI siddhi kI hai aura tatvajJAna sahita cAritra kI mokSa hetutA Adi viSayoM kA khulAsA kiyA hai| AtmA karmamala se chuTakArA kara kaise sarvajJa banatA hai, isakA varNana hai| AThaveM prastAva meM 13 kArikAe~ haiM jinameM saptabhaMgI ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha naigama Adi sAta nayoM kA kathana AyA hai| nauveM prastAva kI 2 kArikAoM meM nikSepa kA nirdeza karake prakaraNa kA upasaMhAra kara diyA hai| 7. svarUpa sambodhana sva. DaoN. vidyAbhUSaNa ne akalaMka racita graMthoM meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI viSayavastu aura zailI kahIM-kahIM akalaMkadeva se milatI hai phira bhI paM. kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ne nyAya kumudacandra kI vistRta prastAvanA meM mata vyakta kiyA ki yaha racanA akalaMkadeva kI nahIM hai| unake anusAra svarUpa sambodhana ke raciyatA ke bAre meM do paramparAe~ pracalita haiM, eka ke anusAra usake kartA akalaMka haiM aura dUsarI ke anusAra nayasena ke ziSya mahAsena isake kartA haiM / bharateza vaibhava meM padmanandikRta svarUpa sambodhana kA nAma AyA hai| isa dRSTi se svarUpa sambodhana ke kartA kauna haiM yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 8. bRhattraya paM. kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ke matAnusAra bRhattraya nAma jaisA grantha dekhane ko nahIM milA / ' unake mata meM 'laghIyastraya' nAma ne hI bRhattraya kI kalpanA ko janma diyaa| paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne mata vyakta kiyA ki akalaMkadeva ke tIna mahatva ke graMtha arthAt-siddhivinizcaya, nyAya vinizcaya aura pramANa saMgraha ko hI bRhattraya kA nAma de diyA ho| isa dRSTi se yaha kAlpanika racanA samajhI jAye / 9. nyAya cUlikA abhI taka nyAya cUlikA nAmakA graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai aura na hI akalaMkadeva kI racanAoM meM isa nAma ke kisI graMtha kA ullekha huA hai| 10. akalaMka stotra akalaMka stotra meM 16 chanda haiN| isameM mahAdeva, zaMkara, viSNu, brahmA, buddha Adi devatAoM kI AlocanA karate hue vItarAga paramAtmA ko niSkalaMka siddhakara unakA stavana kiyA hai| isake 15 evaM 16 veM padyoM meM akalaMka paramAtmA ke sthAna para zAstrArthI akalaMkadeva kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| stotra kI viSaya-vastu akalaMka ke vyaktitva evaM dArzanikatA se mela na khAne ke kAraNa paM. kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ise akalaMkadeva racita nahIM svIkArate / akalaMkadeva ne isake aMta apanA nAma bhI nahIM diyA jaisA ki anya racanAoM meM milatA hai / akalaMkadeva kA sAhitya tarka pradhAna aura vicAra pradhAna hokara dArzanika samIkSA se otaprota hai| ve alpabhASI the| jo bhI likhA gahana manana, ciMtana aura adhyayana ke bAda likhaa| ve zuSka dArzanika na hokara vinodI aura parihAsa- kuzala the| unhoMne bauddhadarzana kA khaNDana to kiyA kintu unake mana meM vidveSa nahIM rahA / ve Astikya-bodha se saMyukta rahe aura jainadharma ke adhyAtma se niraMtara keli karate rhe| isa dRSTi se, Aja jabaki sAdharmI bandhuoM meM dRSTi bheda ke kAraNa sahaja sahiSNutA kA abhAva ho rahA hai aura kucha bhI prakAzita karane - karavAne kI hor3a lagI hai, akalaMkadeva kA vyaktitva prakAza stambha-rUpa meM dizA-bodha karA rahA hai ki Astikya-bodhasahita sahiSNu rahakara Atma-kalyANa karo, jo bhI likho sAragarbhita ho aura khaNDana bhI maNDana kI bhAvanA se karo / 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 316 2. vahI, pRSTha 317 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 300 4. tattvArtha- vArtika bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pRSTha 3 45 5. vahI, pRSTha 99 6. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 305 7. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-1, pRSTha 31 8. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga - 1, prastAvanA, pRSTha 55 9. vahI, prastAvanA, pRSTha 55-56 o.pI. milsa, amalAI - ma.pra.
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________________ 46 jainavidyA - 20-21 hiMsA pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa| indriyANAM pracAravizeSamanavadhArya pravartate yaH sa prmttH| vyaparopaNaM viyogkrnnN||6|| viyogakaraNaM vyaparopaNamityucyatai prANA uktAH, teSAM vyaparopaNaM praannvypropnnN|| prANagrahaNaM tatpUrvakatvAt praannivypropnnsy||7||praanngrhnnN kriyate tatpUrvakatvAt praannivypropnnsy| prANa-viyogapUrvako hi prANiviyoga:svataHprANino nirvyvtvaadviyogaabhaavaat| anyatvAdadharmAbhASaH iti cet, na; tduHkhotpaadktvaat||8|| syAnmatamprANebhyo'nya AtmA, ataH prANaviyoge nAtmanaH kiMcidbhavatItyadharmAbhAvaH syAditi; tanna; kiM kAraNam? tduHkhotpaadktvaat| prANavyaparopaNe hI sati tatsaMbandhino jIvasya duHkhamutpadyata itydhrmsiddhiH| zarIriNo'nyatvAt dukhA'bhAva iti cet, na; putrakalatrAdiviyoge taapdrshnaat||9|| syAdetat-anyaH zarIrI prANebhyaH, atastatpUrvakaduHkhamasya na yujyate iti; tanna; kiM kAraNam? putrakalatrAdiviyoge tApadarzanAt / anyatve'pi sati putrakalatrAdiviyoge tApo dRshyte| bandhaM prtyektvaacc| 10 / yadyapi zarIrizarIrayoH lakSaNabhedAnnAnAtvam, tathApi bandhaM pratyekatvAt tadviyogapUrvakaduHkhopapatteradharmA'bhAva itynupaalmbhH| tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7.13 pramattayoga se prANavyaparopaNa ko hiMsA kahate haiM / vyaparopaNa - viyoga krnaa| prANoM ke viyoga karane se prANI kI hiMsA hotI hai ata: prANa kA grahaNa kiyA hai, kyoMki svataH prANI to niravayava hai, usakA kyA viyoga hogA? prANa AtmA se sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai jisase prANaviyoga hone para bhI hiMsA na mAnI jAe kintu prANaviyoga hone para AtmA ko hI duHkha hotA hai ata: hiMsA hai aura adharma hai| 'zarIrI AtmA prANoM se bhinna hai ata: usake viyoga meM bhI AtmA ko duHkha nahIM honA caahiye|' - yaha zaMkA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba sarvathA bhinna putra-kalatra Adi ke viyoga meM AtmA ko paritApa hotA hai taba kathaMcit bhinna prANoM ke viyoga meM to honA hI caahie| yadyapi zarIra aura zarIrI meM lakSaNabheda se nAnAtva hai phira bhI bandha ke prati donoM eka haiM ataH zarIra-viyogapUrvaka honevAlA du:kha AtmA ko hI hotA hai, ataH hiMsA aura adharma hai| anu. - pro. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 anekAnta ke pratiSThApaka AcArya akalaMkadeva - DaoN. azokakumAra jaina bhAratIya darzanoM meM jainadarzana kA apratima sthAna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne anekAnta dRSTirUpa, jise hama jainadarzana kI jAna kahate haiM, eka aisA vyavahArya mArga nikAlA jisake samucita upayoga se mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika ahiMsA pUrNarUpa se pAlI jA sakatI hai| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yaha ahiMsAsvarUpA anekAntadRSTi to jainadarzana ke bhavya prAsAda kA madhyastambha hai| isI se jainadarzana kI prANa pratiSThA hai| bhAratIya darzanazAstra sacamuca isa atula satya ko pAye binA apUrNa rhtaa| jainadarzana ne isa anekAntadRSTi ke AdhAra se banI huI mahatvapUrNa grantharAzi dekara bhAratIya darzanazAstra ke koSAgAra meM apanI Thosa aura paryApta pUMjI jamA kii| pUrNakAlIna yugapradhAna samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi dArzanikoM ne isI dRSTi ke samarthana dvArA sat-asat, nityatvAnityatva, bhedAbheda, puNya-pApa prakAra, advaita-dvaita, bhAgya-puruSArtha Adi vividha vAdoM meM pUrNa sAmaJjasya sthApita kiyaa| madhyakAlIna AcArya akalaMka, AcArya haribhadra Adi tArkikoM ne aMzataH parapakSa khaNDana karake bhI usI dRSTi ko praur3ha kiyaa| isI dRSTi ke vividha prakAra meM upayoga ke lie saptabhaMgI, naya, nikSepa Adi kA nirUpaNa huaa| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI ahiMsA kI pUrNa sAdhanA ke lie anekAntadRSTi kA AvirbhAva karake jagat ko vaha dhruva bIjamantra diyA jisakA samucita upayoga saMsAra ko pUrNa sukha-zAnti kA lAbha karA sakatA hai|' ___ AcArya akalaMkadeva kA jainanyAya meM vahI viziSTa sthAna hai jo bauddha darzana meM dharmakIrti, mImAMsA darzana meM bhaTTa kumArila, prabhAkara darzana meM prabhAkara mizra, nyAya-vaizeSika meM udyotakara aura
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________________ 48 jainavidyA - 20-21 vyomaziva tathA vedAnta meM zaMkarAcArya kA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne mugdha hokara unakI puNya sarasvatI ko anekAnta gagana kI candralekhA likhA hai| unake dvArA racita tattvArthavArtika meM jainadarzana ke prANa anekAntavAda ko bahuta vyApaka rUpa diyA gayA hai| jitane vivAda utpanna kiye gaye haiM una sabakA samAdhAna prAya: anekAntarUpI tulA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai / khojane para aise birale hI sUtra mileMge jisameM anekAntAt' vArtika na ho| caturtha adhyAya ke anta meM anekAntavAda ke sthApanapUrvaka naya-saptabhaMgI aura pramANa-saptabhaMgI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|' AcArya akalaMkadeva ne vastu sarvathA sat hI hai athavA asat hI hai, nitya hI hai athavA anitya hI hai, isa prakAra sarvathA ekAnta ke nirAkaraNa karane ko anekAnta kahA hai| jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai| usakA mata hai ki pratyeka vastu paraspara meM virodhI kahe jAnevAle nityatvaanityatva, ekatva-anekatva, astitva-nAstitva Adi ananta dharmoM kA samUha hai aura vaha pramANa kA viSaya hai| anekAntavAdI hone ke kAraNa jainadarzana ne zabda kI pratipAdakatva zakti para bhI vicAra kiyA aura usakI asAmarthya kA anubhava na karake syAdvAda ke siddhAnta kA AviSkAra kiyaa| usane dekhA ki vastu ke anantadharmA hone para bhI vaktA apane-apane dRSTikoNa se usakA vivecana karate haiM / dravyadRSTivAlA use nitya kahatA hai, paryAyadRSTivAlA use anitya kahatA hai, ata: ina vibhinna dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya honA Avazyaka hai| ____ AcArya akalaMkadeva ne vastu-vyavasthA ke nirdhAraNa meM anekAnta-prakriyA kI pratiSThApanA meM aneka prakAra se vicAra kiyA hai jinako hama nimna binduoM meM varNana kara rahe haiM - tattva-vyavasthA meM anekAnta - AcArya akalaMkadeva ne likhA hai ki jIva, ajIva aura AsravAdi ke bhedAbheda kA anekAnta dRSTi se vicAra karanA cAhie kyoMki dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya meM eka ko pradhAna aura eka ko gauNa karake vivakSA aura avivakSA ke bheda se jIva aura ajIva meM AsravAdi kA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai| jaise AsravAdi, dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| dravyAsravAdi pudgala rUpa haiM aura bhAvAsravAdi jIva ruup| paryAyArthika naya kI gauNatA aura dravyArthika naya kI pradhAnatA se tathA AsravAdi pratiniyata-paryAyArtha kI avivakSA evaM anAdi pAriNAmika caitanya (jIva) aura acaitanya (ajIva) dravyArtha kI vivakSA se kathana karane para bhAvAsrava kA jIva dravya meM aura dravyAstrava kA ajIva dravya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai tathA dravyArthika naya kI gauNatA aura paryAyArthika naya kI pradhAnatA se evaM AsravAdi pratiniyata-paryAya kI vivakSA evaM anAdi pAriNAmika caitanya tathA acaitanya dravya kI avivakSA se kathana karane para jIva aura ajIva meM AsravAdi kA antarbhAva nahIM hotA arthAt Asrava, baMdha Adi svataMtra haiM / paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA inakA pRthak nirdeza sArthaka hai, nirarthaka nhiiN| vastu kI vidhi-niSedhAtmakatA- jitane bhI padArtha zabdagocara haiM ve saba vidhi-niSedhAtmaka haiN| koI bhI vastu sarvathA niSedhagamya nahIM hotii| AtmA zabdagocara hai isalie ubhayAtmaka hai jaise kurabaka puSpa lAla aura zveta donoM raMga kA nahIM hotA hai tathApi vaha varNazUnya nahIM hai| lAla aura
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 49 sapheda bhI nahIM hai pratiSiddhatva hone se / isI prakAra paracatuSTaya kI apekSA vastu meM nAstitva hone para bhI svadRSTi se usakA astitva siddha hI hai| kahA bhI hai kathaJcit asat kI bhI upalabdhi aura astitva hai tathA kathaJcit sat kI bhI anupalabdhi aura nAstitva hai| yadi sarvathA sat kI asti aura upalabdhi hai aisA mAna liyA jAve to ghaTa kI paTAdi rUpa se bhI upalabdhi hone ke kAraNa sabhI padArtha sarvAtmaka ho jaayeNge| sarvathA asat kI anupalabdhi aura nAstitva nahIM hai kyoMki asat kI bhI sarvathA anupalabdhi evaM nAstitva mAna lene para padArtha vacana ke agocara ho jAyeMge arthAt padArtha kA abhAva ho jAne se vaha zabda kA viSaya hI nahIM ho skegaa| ___ paryAya aura paryAyI meM anekAnta - paryAya aura paryAyI ke bheda aura abheda meM ghaTAdi ke samAna anekAntapanA hai| jaise ghaTa, kapAla, sikorA, dhUli Adi meM dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina donoM nayoM kI apekSA kathaJcit ekatva hai aura kathaJcit bhinnatva hai kyoMki yadi isameM paryAyArthika naya kI gauNatA ho tathA dravyArthika naya kI pradhAnatA ho aura paryAya kI avivakSA tathA miTTIrUpa anupayogI ajIva dravya kI vivakSA se varNana kiyA jAye to ghaTa, kapAlAdi meM ekatva hai kyoMki ghaTa, kapAlAdi miTTIrUpa dravya ko nahIM chor3ate haiN| yadi dravyArthika naya kI gauNatA ho, paryAyArthika naya kI mukhyatA ho, dravya kI avivakSA aura bAhyAbhyaMtara kAraNoMjanita paryAya kI vivakSA se kathana kiyA jAye to ghaTa, kapAlAdi meM anyatvapanA hai kyoMki ghaTa paryAya aura kapAlAdi paryAyeM paraspara pRthak-pRthak haiM isalie miTTIrUpa dravya kI apekSA dravyArthika naya se ghaTa, sikorAdi meM kathaJcit ekatva aura paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA pRthakatva hai kyoMki miTTI kA hI pariNamana hone se inameM ekatva hai| ubhayakAraNoM ke phalasvarUpa prApta huI ghaTa, kapAlAdi paryAya miTTIrUpa hI hai, miTTI anya nahIM hai aura ghaTAdi paryAya bhI anya nahIM hai, kyoMki miTTI dravya ko chor3akara ghaTAdi paryAya upalabdha nahIM haiN| paryAya aura paryAyI meM bhedarUpa kathana kiyA jAye to donoM meM bhinnatA hai kyoMki paryAyI miTTI dravya hai aura ghaTAdi paryAya hai|' ___ AtmA aura jJAna meM bhinnAbhinnatva - AtmA aura jJAnAdi meM kathaJcit bhinnatA hai aura kathaJcit abhinnatA hai / dravyArthika naya kI mukhyatA evaM paryAyArthika naya kI gauNatA aura paryAya kI avivakSA tathA anAdi pAriNAmika caitanya svabhAvarUpa jIva dravya kI vivakSA se kathana kiyA jAye to jJAnAdi guNoM meM aura AtmA meM ekatva hai kyoMki jJAnAdi guNa anAdi pAriNAmika caitanyasvarUpa jIva dravya ko nahIM chor3ate haiN| yadi unake hI dravyArthika naya kI gauNatA, paryAyArthika naya kI pradhAnatA, dravya kI avivakSA tathA kAraNa vizeSa se ApAdita bheda-paryAyArthika naya kI vivakSA se kathana kiyA jAye to jJAnAdi guNa AtmA se kathaJcit bhinna haiM kyoMki jJAna paryAya anya hai aura darzana paryAya anya hai isalie AtmA se jJAnAdi paryAyeM kathaJcit bhinna haiM aura kathaJcit abhinna haiM / AtmA aura jJAna pRthak-pRthak nahIM hai| Atma dravya ko chor3akara anyatra jJAnAdi paryAyoM kA abhAva hai| paryAya aura paryAyI kI bheda-vivakSA se kathana karane para donoM bhinna haiM aura dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA abhinna hai| AtmA paryAyI hai aura jJAnAdi paryAya hai| AtmA AdhAra hai, jJAna Adheya hai isalie AtmA aura jJAna ke bhedAbheda ke prati anekAnta dRSTi kA prayoga karanA caahie|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 AtmA kI mUrtAmUrtikatA - jainadarzana meM SaT dravya vyavasthA meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya amUrta haiM aura pudgala mUrta dravya hai / AtmA ke mUrtika, amUrtika ke prati anekAnta hai| kathaJcit AtmA mUrtika hai aura kathaJcit amUrtika hai| karmabandha paryAya ke prati ekatva hone se AtmA kathaJcit mUrtika hai kyoMki AtmA ke kArmANa zarIra kA anAdi sambandha hai / tathApi apane jJAnAdi svalakSaNa ko nahIM chor3ane ke kAraNa kathaJcit amUrtika hai| AtmA kI ekAnekAtmakatA - AcArya akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki jIva eka hokara bhI anekAtmaka hai arthAt jIva ekAneka svarUpAtmaka hai| yahA~ prazna hai jo eka hai vaha aneka dharmAtmaka kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai vaha abhAva se vilakSaNa hone se 'abhUta' nahIM hai, ekarUpa kA abhAva hai arthAt 'a' = nahIM hai, 'bhAva' = ekarUpatA jisameM, use abhAva kahate haiM / vaha abhAva ekarUpa hai kyoMki usameM koI bheda nahIM pAyA jaataa| ata: vaha abhAva rUpa se eka hai parantu abhAva se vilakSaNa jo bhAva hai vaha to nAnA rUpa hai arthAt bhAva meM to aneka dharma aura aneka bheda pAye jAte haiM, abhAva meM nahIM hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAye to bhAva aura abhAva ina donoM meM avizeSatA ho jAyegI aura ve donoM eka ho jaayeNge| vaha bhAva chaH prakAra kA hai| janma, astitva, vipariNAma, vRddhi, apakSaya aura vinAza arthAt bhAva meM hI janma, sadbhAvAdi dekhe jAte haiN| bAhyAbhyantara donoM nimittoM ke kAraNa AtmalAbha karanA janma hai| yaha isakA viSaya hai arthAt janma 'jAyate' kriyApada kA viSaya hai jaise manuSya gati Adi nAmakarma ke udaya kI apekSA se AtmA manuSyAdi rUpa paryAya se utpanna hotA hai aisA kahA jAtA hai| manuSyAdi Ayu ke nimittoM ke anusAra usa paryAya meM avasthAna honA usakA sadbhAva, sthiti yA astitva hai| isameM asti kriyA kA sambandha hai| satbhAvarUpa padArtha kA avasthAntara padArtha kA paryAyAntara honA pariNAma hai arthAt jo padArtha jisa rUpa se vidyamAna hai usakA samUla nAza na hokara usI meM paryAyoM kA palaTanA pariNAma hai| pUrva svabhAva ko na chor3akara bhAvAntara se Adhikya ho jAnA vRddhi hai| jaise anugata rUpa mAnava paryAya ko kAyama rakhate hue zarIra kI vRddhi hotI hai| kramazaH ekadeza kA jIrNa-zIrNa honA apakSaya kahalAtA hai jaise manuSya paryAya ko kAyama rakhate hue zarIra kA kSINa honaa| sadpa padArtha ke paryAya sAmAnya kI sarvathA nivRtti kA nAma vinAza hai jaise manuSyAyu kA kSaya ho jAne se manuSya paryAya kA nAza / isa prakAra pratikSaNa paryAya bheda se padArthoM meM anantarUpatA hotI hai, ataH bhAvAtmaka padArtha anantadharmAtmaka hai athavA satva, jJeyatva, dravyatva, amUrtatva, ati sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva, asaMkhyeya pradezatva, anAdinidhanatva aura cetanatva kI dRSTi se bhI jIva anekadharmAtmaka hai| AtmA nAmaka padArtha satsvarUpa hai, jJAna kA viSaya hone se jJeya hai, guNa-paryAya-sahita hone se dravya hai, rUpAdi rahita hone ke kAraNa amUrtika haiM, indriyoM kA viSaya na hone se atisUkSma hai, eka meM aneka rahane ke kAraNa avagAhanatva hai, kisI-nakisI prakAra se mukta hone ke kAraNa pradezAtmaka hai, utpatti aura vinAza-rahita hone se anAdinidhana hai aura cetanA guNa se yukta hone ke kAraNa cetanAtmaka hai| isa prakAra eka hI padArtha paryAyoM ke bheda se aneka dharmasvarUpa hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 ___ AtmA aneka zaktiyoM kA AdhAra hone se bhI aneka dharmAtmaka hai / jaise ghI cikanA hai, tRpti karatA hai aura upavRMhaNa karatA hai ata: aneka zaktivAlA hai, athavA jaise ghar3A jala dhAraNa, AharaNa Adi aneka zaktiyoM se yukta hai usI prakAra AtmA bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke nimita se aneka prakAra kI vikAra prApti ke yogya vaibhAvika zaktiyoM ke yoga se aneka dharmAtmaka hai| sambandhi rUpatva hone se aneka dharmAtmakatA - vastu antara sambandha se AvirbhUta aneka sambandhi rUpatva hone se bhI aneka dharmAtmaka hai| jaise eka hI ghaTa aneka sambandhiyoM kI apekSA pUrva-pazcima, antarita-anantarita, dUra-Asanna, navIna-purAnA, samartha-asamartha, devadattakRta, caitrasvAmikatva, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga Adi bheda se aneka vyavahAroM kA viSaya hotA hai kyoMki sambandhoM kI anantatA se sambandhI bhI anaMta hote haiM, usI prakAra jJAna, darzana Adi ananta sambandhiyoM kI apekSA AtmA bhI una-una aneka paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA hone se, aneka dharmAtmaka hai| athavA pudgaloM ke anantatA hai aura usa-usa pudgala dravya kI apekSA se eka-eka pudgalastha eka-eka paryAya kI vivakSA se anantatA hotI hai jaise eka hI pradezinI aMgulI ananta pudgaloM kI apekSA aneka bhedoM ko dhAraNa karatI hai| pradezinI aMgulI meM madhyamA kI apekSA jo bhinnatA hai vahI anAmikA kI apekSA nahIM hai, pratyeka pararUpa kA bheda pRthak-pRthak hai / ataH madhyamA aura anAmikA meM ekatva nahIM hai kyoMki madhyamA aura pradezinI meM anyatva hetutva se avizeSatA hai arthAt samAnatA nahIM hai, aura na inakA eka-dUsare kI apekSA arthasatva hai| madhyamA ne pradezinI meM hasvatva utpanna nahIM kiyA hai| yadi madhyamA ke sAmarthya se pradezinI meM hrasvatva utpanna hotA hai to zaza viSANa meM yA zakrayaSTi meM bhI hrasvatva utpanna honA cAhie thA aura na svataH hI pradezinI meM hrasvatA hotI hai kyoMki parAyekSAbhAva meM usakI vyakti kA abhAva hai anyathA anAmikA ke abhAva meM hrasvatA kI pratIti honI cAhie thii| ataH ananta pariNAmI dravya hI una-una saMskArI kAraNoM kI apekSA una-una rUpa se vyavahAra meM AtA hai| na to vaha dravya svataH hI anantarUpa hai aura na vaha sarvathA parakRta hai, syAdvAda meM hI inakI siddhi hotI hai| usI prakAra jIva bhI karma aura nokarma viSaya ke sambandha bheda se utpanna jIvasthAna, guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna tathA vastu upakaraNa (kuNDala, daNDa) Adi ke sambandha se kuNDalI, daNDI Adi aneka paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai|" paryAyoM kI apekSA se vastu meM anantadharmAtmakatA - atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna kAla ke sambandha se bhI AtmA anantadharmAtmaka hai jaise miTTI Adi vastu meM samudAya avayava ke pradhvaMza rUpa kA viSaya karanevAle atItakAla, utpatti kI nizcaya se saMbhAvanA karanevAle bhaviSyat kAla aura sAdhana-pravRtti avirAma (kriyA sAtatyarUpa) gocara vartamAna kAla ke sambandha se miTTI Adi dravya una-una kAloM meM aneka bhedoM (paryAyoM) ko prApta hote dekhe jAte haiN| yadi vartamAna kAla mAtra mAnA jAye to pUrva aura aparatva (uttara) kI avadhi kA abhAva hone se 'baMdhyA kA putra yuvA hai' isa kathana ke samAna vartamAna kAla kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra AtmA bhI anAdiatIta kAla sambandhI pariNata sambhAvanIya, ananta, bhaviSyatakAlavartI tathA vartamAna kAlodbhUta artha aura vyaJjana paryAyoM ke bheda se dvaividhya ko prApta honevAlI paryAyoM ke (arthaparyAya aura vyaJjana paryAyoM) sambandha se ananta dharmAtmaka hai|12
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________________ 52 jainavidyA - 20-21 utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvyAtmakatA se padArtha kI aneka dharmAtmakatA - jainadarzana meM dravya kA lakSaNa sat kahA gayA hai aura vaha sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai| isa kAraNa se bhI padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai| anaMta kAla aura eka kAla meM anaMta prakAra ke utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hone ke kAraNa AtmA anekAntarUpa hai / jaise ghaTa eka hI kAla meM dravya dRSTi se pArthiva (miTTI) rUpa se utpanna hotA hai, jalarUpa se nahIM; deza kI apekSA yahA~ utpanna hotA hai, paTanA Adi meM nahIM; kAla kI vivakSA se vartamAna kAla meM utpanna hotA hai, atIta anAgata kAla meM nahIM; bhAva-dRSTi se bar3A utpanna hotA hai, choTA nhiiN| dravyAdi ke eka-eka kA yaha utpAda sajAtIya miTTI ke aneka anya ghaTAntargata, suvarNa Adi ISad vijAtIya ghaTAntargata aura atyanta vijAtIya paTa (vastra) Adi anantAnta mUrtika-amUrtika dravyAntargata utpAda se bhedarUpa hote hue utpAda utane hI bhedoM ko prApta ho jAtA hai arthAt miTTI se ghaTa kA utpAda, svarNa se ghaTa kA utpAda Adi meM bheda se utpAda aneka prakAra kA ho jAtA hai / yadi utpAda meM bheda nahIM mAnA jAyegA to sarva ghaToM ke sAtha avizeSatA (abhinnatA) A jaayegii| sarva ekatA ko prApta ho jaayeNge| isI prakAra vahI dravya (ghaTa) usa samaya anutpadyamAna (utpanna nahIM honevAle) dravya ke sambandha se kRta, Upara, nIce, tirache, antarita, anantarita, ekAntarAdi dizAoM ke bheda se mahAna alpa Adi guNa bheda se, rUpAdi ke utkarSa, apakarSa Adi ananta bheda se aura triloka evaM trikAla viSaya sambandhI bheda se vidyamAna (bheda ko prApta honevAlA) utpAda aneka prakAra kA hai tathA aneka avayavAtmaka skandha pradeza bheda, dRSTa, viSaya, utpAda kI nAnArUpatA hone se hI utpAda aneka prakAra kA hai athavA jaladhAraNa, AharaNa, pradAnAdhikaraNa, bhaya, harSa, zoka, paritApa jananAdi svakArya ke prasAdhana ke nimitta se utpAda aneka prakAra kA hai| jaise utpAda aneka prakAra kA hai usI prakAra utpAda kA pratipakSI vinAza bhI utane hI prakAra kA hai kyoMki pUrva paryAya kA vinAza hue binA nUtana utpAda kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / utpAda aura vinAza kI pratipakSIbhUta sthiti bhI utane hI prakAra kI hai kyoMki utpatti aura vinAza kI AdhArabhUta sthiti ke binA bandhyA ke putra ke samAna utpAda aura vinAza ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai arthAt sthiti ke binA utpAda aura vinAza nahIM ho sktaa| jaba ghaTa utpanna hotA hai| isa prayoga ko vartamAna kAla to isalie nahIM mAna sakate ki abhI taka ghar3A utpanna hI nahIM huA hai arthAt pUrvAparIbhUta sAdhyamAna bhAva ke abhidhAna kA vartamAna meM asatva hai| utpatti ke anantara yadi zIghra hI vinAza mAna liyA jAye to sadbhAva kI avasthA kA pratipAdaka koI zabda hI prayukta nahIM hogA tathA pratipAdaka zabda kA abhAva hone se utpAda meM bhI abhAva ho jAyegA aura vinAza meM bhI abhAva ho jAyegA aura bhAvAbhAva (astinAsti) rUpa padArtha kA vinAza ho jAne para tadAzrita vyavahAra kA bhI lopa ho jAyegA tathA bIja zakti kA abhAva hone se utpAda aura vinAza zabda vAcyatA kA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| ataH padArtha meM utpadyamAnatA, utpannatA aura vinAza ye tIna avasthAyeM avazya svIkAra karanI cAhie tathA eka jIva meM bhI dravyArthika-paryAyArthika naya ke gocara sAmAnya vizeSa ananta zaktiyA~ aura utpatti, vinAza, sthiti Adi rUpa hone se anekAntAtmakatA samajhanI caahie|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 paraspara virodha pratIta hote hue bhI utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya ina tInoM ke yugapat hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai kyoMki jisa dRSTi se utpAda aura vyaya kI kalpanA karate haiM, yadi usI dRSTi se dhrauvya nitya kahA jAtA hai to avazya virodha AtA hai jaise ki eka hI apekSA kisI puruSa ko pitA aura putra kahate haiM parantu dharmAntara kA Azraya lekara kahane meM koI virodha nahIM hai / jaise eka hI puruSa ko pitA kI apekSA putra aura putra kI apekSA pitA kahA jAya to koI virodha nahIM hai, usI prakAra dravyArthika naya kI apekSA nitya aura paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA dravya ko anitya kahane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| ataH donoM kI apekSA utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya ye tInoM ekasAtha ghaTita ho jAte haiN| 14 53 dravya aura paryAya kA avinAbhAva - AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM likhA hai ki gauNa aura mukhya kI vivakSA se eka hI vastu meM nityatva aura anityatva dharma siddha haiN| 15 AcArya akalaMkadeva ne arpita ko paribhASita karate hue likhA- 'dharmAntara vivakSAprApitaprAdhAnyamarpitam' arthAt dharmAntara kI vivakSA se prApta prAdhAnya arpita kahalAtA hai / aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke prayojana vaza jisa dharma kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai vA vivakSita jisa dharma ko pradhAnatA milatI hai, usa artha rUpa ko arpita kahate haiM / arpita se viparIta anarpita hai| prayojana kA (vaktA kI icchA kA) abhAva hone se sat (vidyamAna) padArtha kI avivakSA ho jAtI hai, ata: upasarjanIbhUta ( gauNa) padArtha anarpita (avivakSita) kahalAtA hai| arpita aura anarpita arpitAnarpita hai arthAt anarpita ke dvArA vastu siddhi hotI hai / ata: sat padArtha kA nityatva arpita-anarpita se siddha hai| jaise jaba 'mRtpiNDarUpI dravya' ke rUpa meM arpita hotA hai taba vaha nitya hai kyoMki vaha mRtpiNDa kabhI bhI rUpitva vA dravyatva ko nahIM chor3atA hai| jaba vahI aneka dharmarUpa se pariNamana karanevAle isa mRtpiNDa dharmAntara kI vivakSA se mRtpiNDa ke rUpitva aura dravyatva ko gauNa karake kevala 'mRtpiNDa' rUpa paryAya kI vivakSA karate haiM to vaha miTTI kA piNDarUpa pudgala dravya anitya hai kyoMki usakI vaha paryAya (piNDa paryAya) adhruva hai, anitya hai / yadi kevala dravyArthika naya kI viSayabhUta vastu mAnI jAye to vyavahAra kA lopa ho jAyegA kyoMki paryAyazUnya kevala dravyarUpa vastu kA abhAva hai| yadi kevala vastu paryAyArthika naya ke gocara hI mAnI jAya to lokayAtrA siddha nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki dravya se rahita paryAya mAtra vastu kA abhAva hai, ubhayAtmaka vastu hI lokayAtrA karAne meM samartha hai| ata: ubhayAtmaka vastu kI prasiddhi hai / " anvaya aura vyatireka rUpa se padArtha kI aneka dharmAtmakatA - anvaya aura vyatireka rUpa hone se bhI padArtha aneka dharmAtmaka hai| jaise isa loka meM eka hI ghar3A sat acetana Adi sAmAnya rUpa se anvaya dharma kA tathA nUtana - purAtana Adi vizeSa rUpa se vyatireka dharma kA AdhAra hone se aneka rUpoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai usI prakAra anvaya vyatireka rUpa samAnya aura vizeSa dharmoM kA AdhArabhUta AtmA eka hotA huA bhI aneka dharmAtmaka hai| 7
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________________ 54 jainavidyA - 20-21 pramANa aura nayApekSA anekAnta-ekAnta vyavasthA - tattvArthavArtika meM prazna upasthita karate hue likhA hai ki anekAnta meM bhI vidhi-pratiSedha kI kalpanA nahIM hai| yadi anekAnta meM yaha vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA lagatI hai to vaha anekAnta nahIM ho sakatA hai| kyoMki jisa samaya anekAnta meM 'nAsti' bhaMga prayukta hotA hai, usa samaya ekAntavAda kA prasaMga A jAyegA aura anekAnta meM bhI anekAnta lagAne para anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai, ata: anekAnta ko anekAnta hI kahanA caahie| isalie saptabhaMgI bhI vyAptavAna nahIM hai| isakA samAdhAna dete hue likhA hai ki aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki anekAnta meM bhI 'syAd ekAnta, syAd anekAnta, syAd ubhaya, syAd avaktavya, syAd ekAnta avaktavya, syAd anekAnta avaktavya, syAd ubhaya avaktavya' isa prakAra pramANa aura naya kI dRSTi se anekAnta rUpa se anekamukhI kalpanAyeM ho sakatI haiM arthAt pramANa kI apekSA anekAnta hai aura naya kI apekSA ekAnta hai| ___pramANa aura naya kI vivakSA se bheda hai / ekAnta do prakAra kA hai samyag aura mithyaa| anekAnta bhI samyag anekAnta aura mithyA anekAnta ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| pramANa ke dvArA nirUpita vastu ke ekadeza kI hetu vizeSa ke sAmarthya kI apekSA se grahaNa karanevAlA samyag ekAnta hai| eka dharma kA sarvathA (ekAnta rUpa se) avadhAraNa karane anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA mithyA ekAnta hai / eka vastu meM yukti aura Agama se aviruddha aneka virodhI dharmoM ko grahaNa karanevAlA samyaka anekAnta hai tathA vasta ko tata atata Adi svabhAva se zanya kahakara usameM aneka dharmoM kI mithyA kalpanA karanevAlA artha zUnyavAna vilAsa mithyA anekAnta hai| eka dharma kA nizcaya karane meM pravINa hone se naya kI vivakSA se ekAnta hai| aneka dharmoM ke nizcaya kA adhikaraNa (AdhAra) hone ke kAraNa pramANa vivakSA se anekAnta hai / yadi anekAnta anekAnta hI mAnA jAye aura ekAnta kA lopa kiyA jAye to samyak ekAnta ke abhAva meM zAkhAdi ke abhAva meM vRkSa ke abhAva kI taraha tatsamudAyarUpa anekAnta kA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| yadi ekAnta hI mAnA jAye to usake avinAbhAvI zeSa dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAne se prakRta zeSa kA bhI lopa ho jAne se sarvalopa kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| anekAnta meM chala kA abhAva hai - AcArya akalaMkadeva ne likhA hai ki anekAnta chalamAtra hai aisA nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki chala ke lakSaNa kA anekAnta meM abhAva hai| jo asti hai vahI nAsti hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya hai, isa prakAra anekAnta kI prarUpaNA chalamAtra hai aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki chala ke lakSaNa kA anekAnta meM abhAva hai| chala kA lakSaNa hai 'vacana vidhAto'rtha vikalpopapatyA chalam' arthAt arthoM ke vikalpa kI upapatti se vacanoM kA vidhaan| jaise- 'navakambaloiyaM devadataH' yahA~ nava zabda ke do artha haiM eka 9 saMkhyA aura dUsarA nayA / yahA~ 'nUtana' vivakSA se kahe gaye 'nava' zabda kA 9 saMkhyA rUpa artha vikalpa karake vaktA ke abhiprAya se bhinna artha kI kalpanA chala kahI jAtI hai jaise isake nava kambala haiM, isa kathana meM vaktA kA abhiprAya thA isake pAsa nau kambala haiM cAra, pAMca nhiiN| zrotA ne isakA artha liyA isakA kambala nayA kambala hai purAnA nhiiN| kintu sunizcita ubhaya naya ke vaza ke kAraNa mukhya gauNa vivakSA se saMbhava aneka dharmoM kA sunirNItarUpa se pratipAdana karanevAlA anekAntavAda chala nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki isameM vacana-vighAta nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu yathAvasthita vastu tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 55 jainavidyA - 20-21 anekAntavAda saMzaya kA hetu nahIM - eka AdhAra meM virodhI aneka dharmoM kA rahanA asaMbhava hai, ata: anekAntavAda saMzaya kA hetu hai kyoMki Agama meM likhA hai ki dravya eka hai, paryAyeM ananta haiM / Agama pramANa se vastu asti hai ki nAsti hai? nitya hai ki anitya hai? ityAdi prakAra se saMzaya hotA hai, aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki vizeSa lakSaNa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| sAmAnya dharma kA pratyakSa hone se vizeSa dharmoM kA pratyakSa na hone para (kintu) ubhaya vizeSoM kA smaraNa hone se saMzaya hotA hai| jaise dhuMdhalI (na ati prakAza hai na adhika aMdherA) aisI rAtri meM sthANu aura puruSagata U~cAI Adi sAmAnya dharma kI pratyakSatA hone para sthANugata koTara pakSi nivAsa aura puruSagata sira khujalAnA, coTI bAMdhanA, vastra hilAnA Adi vizeSa dharmoM ke na dikhane para kintu ina vizeSoM kA smaraNa rahane para (jJAna do koTiyoM meM doSita ho jAtA hai ki yaha sthANu hai yA kurUpa) saMzaya utpanna ho jAtA hai kintu anekAntavAda meM vizeSa dharmoM kI anupalabdhi nahIM hai kyoMki svarUpAdi ke Adeza se vazIkRta ukta vizeSa pratyakSa upalabdha hote haiM / ataH vizeSa kI upalabdhi hone se anekAntavAda saMzaya kA hetu nahIM hai / saba dharmoM kI sattA apanI-apanI nizcita . apekSAoM se svIkRta hai| tatad dharmoM kA vizeSa pratibhAsa nirvivAda sApekSa rIti se batAyA gayA hai| anekAntavAda ko saMzaya kA AdhAra bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki asti Adi dharmoM ko pRthak-pRthak siddha karanevAle hetu haiM yA nahIM? yadi hetu nahIM haiM to pratipAdana kaisA? yadi hetu haiM to eka hI vastu meM paraspara viruddha dharmoM kI siddhi hone para saMzaya honA hI caahie| virodha ke abhAva meM saMzaya kA abhAva hotA hai| yadi virodha hogA to saMzaya avazya hogA parantu nayoM ke mAdhyama se kathita dharmoM meM virodha nahIM hotaa| ___ isa prakAra AcArya akalaMkadeva ne anekAntavAda kI pratiSThApanA meM mahanIya yogadAna diyaa| anekAnta vyavasthA ke pratipAdana meM saMkSepa meM nimna bindu dhyAtavya haiM1. kartA aura karaNa ke bhedAbheda kI carcA / 2. AtmA kA jJAna se bhinnaabhinntv| 3. mukhya aura amukhyoM kA vivecana karate hue anekAnta dRSTi kA smrthn| 4. saptabhaMgI ke nirUpaNa ke pazcAt anekAnta meM anekAnta kI yojnaa| 5. anekAnta meM pratipAdita chala, saMzaya Adi doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue anekAntAtmakatA kI siddhi| 6. nayoM kA sopapattika niruupnn| 7. vastu vyavasthA meM anekAnta kI aavshyktaa| 8. pramANasaptabhaMgI evaM nayasaptabhaMgI kA samyak prtipaadn| 9. vastu kI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmakatA kA tArkika vishlessnn| AcArya akalaMka ne apane vilakSaNa tarkakauzala se sarvatra anekAntavAda kA sAmrAjya sthApita kara jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA meM vilakSaNa kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai| hameM unake graMthoM kA gahanatA se adhyayana kara tattva-vyavasthA ko bhalI prakAra se samajhakara AtmakalyANa kI dizA meM agrasara honA caahie|
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________________ 56 jainavidyA - 20-21 ___ 1. pro. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya dvArA likhita akalaMkagranthatraya kI prastAvanA, pR. 92 2. zrI madbhaTTAkalaMkasya pAtu puNyA sarasvatI, anekAntamarunmArge candralekhAyitaM yayA - AcArya zubhacandra, jJAnArNava, sarga, 1/17 3. paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI dvArA likhita nyAyakumudacandra kI prastAvanA, pR. 44 4. sadasannityAnityAdi sarva zaikAntaprati kSepalakSaNo'nekAnta - aSTazatI, aSTasahasrI, pR. 286 5. tatvArthavArtikam - hindI bhASAnuvAdikA : AryikA zrI supArzvamatI mAtAjI, pR. 67-68 6. vahI, pR. 328 7. vahI, bhAga 1, pR. 20-21 8. vahI, pR. 21 9. vahI, pR. 23 10. vahI, 4/42, pR. 703-705 11. vahI, 4/42 705-707 12. vahI, pR. 707-708 13. vahI, pR. 708-709 14. vahI, bhAga 2, pR. 221 15. arpitAnarpita siddheka, tatvArthasUtra 3/32 16. tattvArthavArtikam - bhAga 2, pR. 222 17. vahI, pR. 710 18. vahI, bhAga-1, pR. 96-97 19. vahI, pR. 97-98 20. vahI, pR. 98-99 sahAyaka AcArya jainavidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma-darzana vibhAga ___ jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.)
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 57 AcArya akalaMkadeva aura unakA naya-vivecana - vidyAvAcaspati DaoN. zrIraMjanasUrideva zAstrArthakuzala AcArya akalaMkadeva jaina nyAya-darzana ke agar3adhatta paNDitoM meM pAMkteya the| unakI parigaNanA IsA kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI ke yugapradhAna sArasvatAcAryoM meM hotI hai| zravaNabelagolA ke abhilekha (saM. 47) ke anusAra vaha SaDdarzana aura tarkazAstra yA nyAyavidyA meM bRhaspatikalpa the| bauddha Adi ekAntavAdiyoM ko parAsta karanA hI unakI zAstra-racanA kA mukhya lakSya thaa| unhoMne digvijayI zAstrArthI aura prakhara tArkika AcArya samantabhadra (IsA kI dvitIya zatI) kI zAstrArtha-paramparA ko tato'dhika samRddha kiyA thaa| ve jainanyAya ke samAnAntara bauddhanyAya ke bhI pAragAmI vidvAn the| ___AcArya akalaMkadeva kI jIvana-kathA vibhinna jainakathA-granthoM, prazastiyoM aura abhilekhoM meM surakSita hai| inameM prabhAcandra (IsA kI gyArahavIM zatI) kA 'gadyakathAkoSa', brahmanemidatta (vikrama kI solahavIM zatI) kA ArAdhanAkathAkoSa' evaM devacandra (vikrama kI solahavIM zatI) kA kannar3a-bhASA meM likhita kathA-grantha 'rAjAvalikathe' vizeSa ullekhya haiM, sAtha hI 'malleiSaNaprazasti' (gyArahavIM zatI) aura 'zravaNabelagolA-abhilekha' kA akalaMkadeva ke prAmANika jIvana-paricaya kI dRSTi se aitihAsika aura purAtAttvika mahattva hai| ina saba sAkSyoM kA samekita adhyayana AcArya nemicandra zAstrIjI kI aitihAsika mUlya kI kRti 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA' meM sulabha hai / aura phira, akalaMka ke prakhara vyaktitva aura mukhara kRtitva ke vyApaka zAstrIya paricaya kI dRSTi se siMghI jainagranthamAlA meM prakAzita 'akalaMka-granthatrayam' kI nyAyAcArya mahendrakumAra zAstrI dvArA likhita granthopama 'prastAvanA' adhyetavya hai / yaha Alekha isI prastAvanA para upajIvita hai|
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________________ 58. jainavidyA - 20-21 uparivarNita sAkSyoM ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya akalaMkadeva kI janmabhUmi dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa rahI hai| ve vahA~ ke rAjA zubhatuMga ke rAjanayajJa mantrI puruSottama ke jyeSTha putra the| 'rAjAvalikathe' ke anusAra akalaMkadeva kAMcI ke jinadAsa brAhmaNa ke putra the aura unakI mAtA kA nAma jinamatI thaa| rAjAvalikathe' meM akalaMkadeva kI jIvana-kathA ke sandarbha meM eka manoraMjaka prasaMga prApya hai-kAMcI ke bauddha vidvAnoM ne pallavavaMzIya kaliMganareza himazItala kI rAjasabhA meM jaina vidvAnoM se isa bAta para zAstrArtha kiyA thA ki parAjita hone para sabhI jaina zAstrArthI kolhU meM peravA diye jaayeNge| vaha zAstrArtha satraha dinoM taka calA thA / akalaMka ko kUSmANDinI devI ne svapna meM darzana dekara kahA thA ki tuma apane praznoM ko sIdhe na rakhakara prakArAntara se upasthita karane para zAstrArthajayI ho skoge| akalaMka ne vaisA hI kiyA aura vaha zAstrArtha meM vijayI he| bauddhavidvAna kaliMga se siMhala cale gye| isa kathA prasaMga se jAhira hai ki samantabhadra kI taraha akalaMkadeva bhI digvijayI zAstrArthI paNDita the| 'malliSeNaprazasti' ke dUsare padya ke anusAra rASTrakUTanareza sAhasatuMga kI rAjasabhA meM akalaMkadeva ne bauddha vidvAnoM ko usI prakAra parAsta kiyA, jisa prakAra rAjA himazItala kI rAjasabhA meM kiyA thaa| isIlie unake samakAlIna AcArya aura 'aSTasahasrI', jo apanI durUhatA ke lie 'kaSTasahasrI' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, ke prasiddha TIkAkAra vidyAnandajI ne unheM sakalatArkikacakracUr3AmaNi kI padavI se alaMkRta kiyA thaa|' AcArya akalaMkadeva kI cAra maulika kRtiyA~ aura do TIkAgrantha haiM / usa samaya ke TIkAkAra jo TIkAe~ likhate the, ve maulika grantha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hotI thiiN| isalie, unheM 'TIkAgrantha' kahA gayA hai| Aja prAyaH mUlagrantha ke dukhabodha ho jAne ke kAraNa TIkAgrantha likhane kI paramparA hI samApta ho gaI hai| akalaMkadeva kI maulika kRtiyA~ haiM -svopajJavRtti-sahita 'laghIyastraya', vRtti-sahita 'nyAyavinizcaya', vRtti-sahita 'siddhivinizcaya' aura vRtti-sahita 'prmaannsNgrh'| . TIkAgrantha haiM-'tattvArthavArtika' (sabhASya) aura aSTazatI (devAgama vivRtti)| ukta maulika granthoM meM laghIyastraya' kA nAma sarvaprathama hai / yaha akalaMkadeva kI sAtizaya praur3ha kRti hai / isake tIna choTe-choTe prakaraNa haiM-pramANapraveza, nayapraveza aura nikSepapraveza yA prvcnprvesh| prastuta Alekha meM 'nayapraveza' ko adhikRta kara akalaMkadeva ke naya-vivecana kA saMkSipta Akalana upanyasta hai| 'praveza' zabda se spaSTa hai ki akalaMkadeva prabuddha pAThakoM ko pramANa, naya aura pravacana kA sAmAnya paricaya denA cAhate haiM aura ina tInoM kA viSayavastu meM una pAThakoM kA praveza karAnA cAhate haiM / svIkRta viSaya ke pallavana ke lie akalaMka ne ina tInoM pravezoM yA prakaraNoM ko chaha paricchedoM ke rUpa meM rakhA hai| 'pramANapraveza' ke cAra pariccheda haiM - pratyakSapariccheda, viSayapariccheda, parokSapariccheda tathA aagmpricched| ina cAra paricchedoM ke sAtha 'nayapraveza' aura 'pravacanapraveza' ko milAkara kula chaha pariccheda 'laghIyastraya' kI svopajJavRtti meM haiM, jinameM kula aThahattara kArikAe~ haiM / paMcama pariccheda ke rUpa meM upasthApita 'nayapraveza' meM kevala ikkIsa kArikAe~ haiN| atilaghu, yAnI bahuta choTe tIna pravezoM se samanvita hone ke kAraNa hI isa grantha kI 'laghIyastraya' saMjJA sArthaka hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 59 akalaMkadeva ne 'nayapraveza' meM naya ke sAtha durnaya yA nayAbhAsa ke lakSaNa bhI upanyasta kiye haiN| unakI dRSTi meM jJAtA kA abhiprAya hI naya hai-'jJAturabhiprAyo nayaH" naya ke do mukhya prakAra haiM-dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika |kul naya sAta haiM-naigamanaya, saMgrahanaya, vyavahAranaya, RjusUtranaya, zabdanaya, samabhirUDhanaya aura evmbhuutny| __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne manogata yA mAnasI ahiMsA kI pUrNatA ke lie anekAnta dRSTi ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI thI aura vibhinna vAdoM yA matoM ke samIkaraNa ke vicAra se usa siddhAnta ke kriyAnvayana kI paddhati kI bhI khoja kI thii| anekAntadRSTi ke kriyAnvayana ke lie unhoMne katipaya sAmAnya niyama banAye the, jinheM 'naya' nAma se abhihita kiyA thaa| mAnava-jIvana meM sAmAnya vicAra-vyavahAra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-jJAnAzrayI, arthAzrayI aura shbdaashryii| mahAvIra ke samaya jitane matavAda pracalita the, unameM advaita vedAntavAdI kevala 'jJAna' ko mUlya dete the, kSaNikavAdI bauddha kevala 'artha' ko mahatva dete the, nyAyavAdI tathA vaizeSika mata ke loga kevala 'zabda' kI mahattA ko svIkAra karate the| kintu, mahAvIra ne jJAna, zabda aura artha ke Azrita vicAroM meM samanvayana ke lie sthUla aura maulika niyama sthira kiye the, unhIM niyamoM ko 'naya' kI saMjJA dI gaI thii| parantu, ukta samanvayana kI kriyA eka khAsa zarta para kI gaI thI-koI bhI dRSTi apane pratipakSI kI dRSTi kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara skegii| bhale hI, eka abhedadRSTi kI mukhyatA hone para dUsarI bhedadRSTi gauNa ho jaae| yahI sApekSatA naya kA mUlatattva hai / sApekSatA ke abhAva meM nayadRSTi durnaya bana jAtI hai| akalaMkadeva ne isI ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai bhedAbhedAtmake jJeye bhedaabhedaabhisndhyH| ye te'pekSAna pekSAbhyAM lakSyante nydurnyaaH||1|| (nayapraveza) isI prasaMga ko unhoMne 'laghIyastraya' kI bayAlIsavIM kArikA (nayapraveza-13) kI svopajJavRtti meM tato'dhika spaSTa kiyA hai: "pramANAntarAbAdhanaM puurvaapraa'virodhshcaa'visNvaadH| tadapekSo'yaM nyH| tato'nyathA durnyH|' ise hI prakArAntara se kahA gayA hai : 'sApekSo nyH| nirapekSo durnyH|" sApekSa dRSTi abhedadRSTi hai aura nirapekSadRSTi bhedadRSTi / ina dRSTiyoM kA AdhAra cAhe jJAna ho yA artha yA zabda ho| parantu, inakI kalpanA abhedadRSTi yA bhedadRSTi ina do rUpoM meM hI kI jA sakatI hai| inheM hI dravyanaya aura paryAyanaya nAma se vyavahata kiyA jA sakatA hai| dravyArthika naya yadi abhedagrAhI hai to paryAyArthika naya bhedgraahii| ye hI do mUla naya haiM aura samasta vicAroM aura vyavahAroM kA AdhAra bhI ye hI donoM naya haiM / uparyukta naigamasaMgraha Adi sAta naya to inhIM kI zAkhAprazAkhAe~ haiM / jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai, kisI eka dharma ko mukhya aura usase itara dharmoM ko gauNa rUpa se prastuta karanevAle jJAtA kA abhiprAya hI naya hai| jaba vahI abhiprAya itara dharmoM ko anekAntadRSTi se gauNa karane kI apekSA ekAntadRSTi se unakA nirAkaraNa yA nirasana karane lagatA hai, taba vaha durnaya ho jAtA hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 akalaMkadeva ne naigamanaya ko artha kI paridhi meM lAkara usakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai anyonygunnbhuutaikbhedaabhedprruupnnaat| naigamo'rthAntaratvoktau naigamAbhAsa issyte||10|| (nayapraveza) arthAt, naigamanaya guNa-guNI yA dharma-dharmI meM kisI eka ko gauNatA se tathA dUsare ko mukhyatA se grahaNa karatA hai, jaise jIva ke svarUpa-nirUpaNa meM usake jJAna Adi guNa gauNa ho jAte haiM aura jJAna Adi guNoM ke varNana meM jIva gauNa ho jAtA hai| parantu, guNa-guNI, avayava-avayavI, kriyAkriyAvAna tathA sAmAnya-vizeSa meM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamanayAbhAsa hai| saMgrahanaya ke sandarbha meM akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki bauddha sarvathA bhedAtmaka svalakSaNa kA jaisA varNana karate haiM, vaisA kSaNika padArtha na to kisI jJAna kA viSaya hI ho sakatA hai, na hI vaha kisI arthakriyA meM sakSama ho sakatA hai / kSaNika padArtha meM kAryakAraNa bhAva ke abhAva se jaba arthakriyA hI nahIM banatI, taba usakI sattA kI AzA karanA mRgamarIcikA ke pIche daur3ane ke samAna hai| akalaMkadeva ke matAnusAra, saMgrahanaya abhedadRSTi se padArthoM kA saMgraha karanevAlA hai| isa naya meM zuddha sanmAtra viSaya hone para bhI bheda kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hai, kintu bheda avazya hI gauNa ho jAtA hai| bheda kA nirAkaraNa karane para saMgrahanaya saMgrahanayAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM akalaMka kI, bauddhoM ke kSaNika ekAnta ke nirasana se sambaddha mUla kArikAe~ isa prakAra haiM lakSaNaM kSaNikaikAnte nArthasyArthakriyA sti| kAraNe kAryabhAvazcet kaarykaarnnlkssnnm||6|| kAryotpattiviruddhA cet svayaM kaarnnsttyaa| yujyeta kSaNike'rthe'rthakriyA smbhvsaadhnm||7|| saGgrahaH sarvabhedaikyamabhipraiti sdaatmnaa| brahmavAdastadA bhAsaH svArthabheda niraakRteH||9|| (nayapraveza) saMgrahanaya ke dvArA gRhIta artha meM vidhipUrvaka avisaMvAdI vastusthitimUlaka bheda karanevAlA naya vyavahAranaya hai| yaha naya lokaprasiddha vyavahAra kA avirodhI hotA hai| jisa abheda vyavahAra meM bheda kI apekSA rahatI hai vaha vyavahAranaya kI paridhi meM AtA hai, kintu abheda ke nirAkaraNa kI sthiti meM vaha vyavahAranayAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArya akalaMkadeva kI mUla kArikA hai - vyavahArAvisaMvAdI nayaH syAd durnyo'nythaa| bahirartho'sti vijJaptimAtraM shuunymitiidRshH||13|| (nayapraveza) isa kArikA kI svopajJavRtti meM akalaMkadeva ne spaSTaM kiyA hai ki loka-vyavahAra artha, zabda tathA jJAna se saMcAlita hotA hai| jaise jIva-vyavahAra, jIva artha, jIva zabda tathA jIvaviSayaka jJAna, ina tInoM prakAroM se ho sakatA hai| vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai', 'dravya guNa-paryAyAtmaka hai', 'jIva caitanyarUpa hai' ityAdi vAkya, pramANa se avirodhI hone tathA loka-vyavahAra meM
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________________ 61 jainavidyA - 20-21 avisaMvAdI hone ke kAraNa pramANa haiM aura pUrvApara-virodhI na hone ke kAraNa sad-vyavahAra ke viSaya haiM / pramANaviruddha kalpanAe~ vyavahAranayAbhAsa haiM, jaise sautrAntika kA ekAnta-rUpa se jar3acetana sabhI padArthoM ko kSaNika, niraMza aura paramANu-rUpa mAnanA, yogAcAra kA kSaNika avibhAgI aura vijJAnAdvaita mAnanA yA phira mAdhyamikoM kA sarvazUnyatA svIkAra krnaa| ye saba vyavahArAbhAsa, pramANavirodhI tathA loka-vyavahAra meM visaMvAdI haiN| RjusUtranaya meM bheda kA mahattva avazya hai, para abheda kA pratikSepa nahIM hai| abheda kA pratikSepa hone para RjusUtranaya bauddhoM ke kSaNika tattva kI taraha RjusUtranayAbhAsa ho jaayegaa| RjusUtranaya padArtha ke eka kSaNarUpa zuddha vartamAnakAlavartI artha-paryAya ko mUlya detA hai| isa naya kI dRSTi se abheda koI vAstavika nahIM, prAtibhAsika hai| citrajJAna bhI eka na hokara aneka jJAnoM kA samUha hai| isI tattva ko akalaMkadeva ne apanI bhASyagarbha kArikA meM isa prakAra sameTA hai RjusUtrasya paryAyaH pradhAnaM citrsNvidH| cetanANusamUhatvAt syaabhedaanuplkssnnm||14|| (nayapraveza) zabdanaya kAla, kAraka, liMga tathA saMkhyA ke bheda se zabda kI bhinnatA dvArA bhinna arthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / bhinna kAla, bhinna kAraka, bhinna liMga tathA bhinna saMkhyAvAle zabda eka artha ke vAcaka nahIM ho skte|shbdny kI dRSTi se bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAnakAla, ekavacana, dvivacana aura bahuvacanAnta kAraka, strI, puruSa aura napuMsakaliMga evaM eka, do aura tIna saMkhyAe~ bhinnabhinna artha ke vAcaka haiM / zabdabheda se arthabheda honA Avazyaka hai| kAla, kAraka Adi ke bheda se eka hI dravya ke aneka paryAya ho sakate haiM / isalie uktavidha ye samasta bheda ekAntAtmaka nahIM ho skte| isa prakAra, kAla Adi ke bheda se arthabheda kI sthiti meM zabdanaya unameM vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga apekSita mAnatA hai| zabdabheda hone para arthabheda na mAnanA zabdanayAbhAsa hai| samabhirUDhanaya pratyeka paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke dvArA artha meM bheda svIkAra karatA hai| eka kAla, eka liMga aura eka saMkhyA ke zabda aneka paryAyavAcI ho sakate haiN| jaise eka liMgavAle 'indra' 'zaka' aura 'purandara' ye tIna zabda pravRttinimittaka bhinnatA ke kAraNa bhinnArthavAcaka haiM / indra' se indana yA Anandana kI kriyA, 'zaka' zabda se zAsana-kriyA aura 'purandara' zabda se pura ke vidAraNa kI kriyA kA bodha hotA hai| ata: tInoM zabda vibhinna sthitiyoM ke vAcaka haiM / zabdanaya meM ekaliMgAtmaka paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM arthabheda nahIM thA, parantu samabhirUDhanaya meM vibhinna pravRttinimitta hone se ekaliMgAtmaka paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhI arthabheda anivArya hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM arthabheda kI sthiti hone para bhI arthabheda na mAnanA samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa hai| evambhUtanaya kriyA ke bheda se arthabheda svIkAra karatA hai / jaise-'indra' jaba indana-kriyA kara rahA ho, taba use 'indra' kahA jAyagA, dUsare samaya meM nhiiN| yaha naya kriyA kI vidyamAnatA meM hI usa kriyA se niSpanna zabda ke prayoga ko sAdhu mAnatA hai| isa naya kI dRSTi se, kArya karane kI sthiti meM hI kAraka' kahA jAyegA aura kArya na karanekI sthiti meM kAraka' zabda asArthaka hogaa| kriyAbheda hone kI sthiti meM bhI arthabheda na mAnanA evambhUtanayAbhAsa hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 ___AcArya akalaMkadeva ne ukta tInoM nayoM kA eka hI kArikA meM upasamAhAra karate hue likhA hai kAlakArakaliGgAnAM bhedaacchbdo'rthbhedkRt| abhirUDhastu paryAyairitthambhUtaH kriyaashryH||15|| (nayapraveza) isa prakAra, AcArya akalaMkadeva ne uparivivecita sAtoM nayoM meM uttarottara sUkSmatA evaM alpaviSayatA ko lakSya kiyA hai| naigamanaya saMkalpagrAhI hai, to saMgrahanaya snmaatrgraahii| arthAt, naigamanaya sat-asat donoM pakSoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, to saMgrahanaya kevala satpakSa ko| aura phira, sadvizeSa ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa vyavahAranaya saMgrahanaya se bhI sUkSma hai| trikAlAtmaka sadvizeSa ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa RjusUtranaya vyavahAranaya se bhI sUkSma hai| zabda-bheda hone para bhI abhinnArthagrAhI RjusUtra se kAla, kAraka Adi ke bheda se zabdabheda mAnakara bhinna artha grahaNa karane vAlA zabdanaya sUkSmatara hai| paryAya bheda hone para bhI abhinna artha grahaNa karanevAle zabdanaya se, paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda se arthabheda grahaNa karane ke kAraNa samabhirUDhanaya zabdanaya se sUkSmatara aura alpaviSayI hai| kriyAbheda se arthabheda nahIM mAnanevAle samabhirUDhanaya se kriyAbheda kI sthiti meM arthabheda mAnanevAlA evambhUtanaya tato'dhika sUkSma aura alpaviSayI hotA hai| ___ anta meM, niSkarSa rUpa meM akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki ye sAtoM naya paraspara sUkSma bhedayukta hone para bhI vidhi aura pratiSedha dvArA samyak artha kI abhivyakti kI dRSTi se anekAntAtmaka haiM / mUla kArikA isa prakAra hai kAlAdilakSaNaM nyakSeNAnyatrekSyaM priikssitm| dravya-paryAya-sAmAnya-vizeSAtmArtha nisstthitm||18|| (nayapraveza) naya pramANa nahIM hai, para pramANa ke samIpI hai| naya vikalAdezI hotA hai aura pramANa . sklaadeshii| vikalAdeza meM dharmavAcaka zabda ke sAtha 'eva' kA prayoga hotA hai aura sakalAdeza / meM dharmivAcaka zabda ke saath| udAharaNArtha 'syAjjIva eva' aisA prayoga anantadharmAtmaka jIva kI samagratA yA akhaNDarUpatA kA bodhaka hai, ataeva yaha sakalAdezAtmaka pramANavAkya hai| kintu 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' isa vAkya meM mukhyataH jIva ke astitvadharma kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha vikalAdezAtmaka nayavAkya hai| akalaMkadeva ne bhI likhA hai upayogozrutasya dvau syaadvaadnysNjnyitau| syAdvAdaH sakalAdezo nayo vikala sngkthaa||62|| (pravacanapraveza) kahanA na hogA ki vibhinna jaina cintakoM ne vibhinna paddhatiyoM se nayaviSayaka apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, kintu sabakI kendrIya bhAvacetanA eka hI hai| 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, DaoN. nemIcandra zAstrI, khaNDa-2, pRSTha 304 2. laghIyastraya ke antargata nayapraveza kI kArikA 1 kI vRtti, akalaMkadeva bhikhanA pahAr3I pI.ena. sinhA kaoNlonI, paTanA - 800006
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 akalaMkadeva kI kRti tattvArthavArtika - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina jainAgamoM kI mUlabhASA prAkRta rahI hai| saMskRta meM sarvaprathama jaina racanA hone kA zreya gRddhapicchAcArya umAsvAmikRta tattvArthasUtra ko hai / tattvArthasUtra sUtra-zailI meM likhA gayA hai| sUtrarUpa meM grathita isa grantha meM jaina tattvajJAna kA sAgara bharA huA hai / laghukAya sUtragrantha hone para bhI yaha 'gAgara meM sAgara' bhare jAne kI ukti ko caritArtha karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadharma kI digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM yaha mAnya hai| isa sUtragrantha kA mukhya nAma 'tattvArtha' hai| isa nAma kA ullekha TIkAkAroM ne kiyA hai, jinameM AcArya pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva aura vidyAnanda pramukha haiN| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattvArtha haiN| inhIM sAta tattvArthoM kA tattvArthasUtra meM vivecana hai / grantha kI mahattA ko dekhate hue isa para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gyiiN| digambara paramparA meM isa para sabase prAcIna TIkA AcArya pUjyapAda devanandi kRta 'sarvArthasiddhi' prApta hotI hai / yadyapi sarvArthasiddhi meM kucha pramANa aise haiM jinase patA calatA hai ki isase pUrva bhI kucha TIkAe~ likhI gaI thIM jo Aja anupalabdha haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa para 'tattvArthAdhigama bhASya' prApta hotA hai, jo svopajJa kahA jAtA hai| kintu isake svopajJa hone meM vidvAnoM ne sandeha vyakta kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM tattvArthasUtra kA jo pATha nirdhArita kiyA hai, digambara paramparA ke sabhI vidvAn AcAryoM ne usakA anusaraNa kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi ko hI dRSTi meM rakhate hue usa para bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne 'tattvArthavArtika' aura AcArya vidyAnanda ne
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________________ 64 jainavidyA - 20-21 'tattvArthazlokavArtika' jaisI praur3ha aura gahana tatvajJAna se ota-prota aneka TIkAe~ likhI haiN| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra para sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika aura tattvArthazlokavArtika ke jor3a kI TIkAe~ nahIM milatI haiM, yadyapi saMkhyA kI dRSTi se aneka TIkAe~ prApta haiN| samakAlIna yA paravartI samasta TIkAe~ ina TIkAgranthoM se prabhAvita haiM / prastuta lekha kA pratipAdya 'tattvArthavArtika' hI hai| tattvArthavArtika tattvArthasUtra para akalaMkadeva dvArA atigahana, prakhara dArzanikatA aura praur3ha zailI meM likhI gaI kati hai| ise 'tattvArtharAjavArtika' athavA 'rAjavArtika' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| vArtikakAra akalaMkadeva ne sarvArthasiddhi kA anasaraNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha usakI adhikAMza paMktiyoM ko apanI vArtika banA liyA hai| vArtika ke sAtha usakI vyAkhyA bhI hai| cU~ki tattvArthasUtra meM dasa adhyAya haiM, ataH tattvArthavArtika meM bhI dasa hI adhyAya haiM, kintu udyota karake nyAyavArtika kI taraha pratyeka adhyAya ko AhnikoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai| isase pahale jaina sAhitya meM adhyAya ke AhnikoM meM vibhAjana karane kI paddhati nahIM pAI jaatii| akalaMkadeva dvArA tattvArthavArtika meM diye gaye vArtika prAyaH sarala aura saMkSipta haiM, kintu unakA vyAkhyAna jaTila hai| isa grantha meM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke dArzanika, saiddhAntika aura vaiyAkaraNa tIna rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| dArzanika vaiziSTaya - tattvArthavArtika ke adhyayana se yaha bAta spaSTa patA calatI hai ki isake racanAkAra bhaTTa akalaMkadeva vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM ke talasparzI adhyetA the| unhoMne vibhinna darzanoM ke mantavyoM kI samIkSA kara anekAntika paddhati se samAdhAna karane kI paramparA ko vikasita kiyaa| unakA vAGgamaya gahana hai| vidvAn bhI usakA vivecana karane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karate haiN| unake viSaya meM vAdirAja sUri ne kahA hai - bhUyobhedanayAvagAhagahanaM devasya ydvaanggmym| kasyadvistarato vivicya vadituM mandaH prbhurmaadRshH|| arthAt - akalaMkadeva kI vANI aneka bhaGga aura nayoM se vyApta hone ke kAraNa atigahana hai| mere samAna alpajJa prANI unakA vistAra se kathana aura vaha bhI vivecanAtmaka kaise kara sakatA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM nyAya-vaizeSika, bauddha, sAMkhya, mImAMsA tathA cArvAka matoM kI samIkSA prApta hotI hai| isameM nyAya, vaizeSika aura bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA aneka sthaloM para kI gaI hai| akalaMkadeva kA uddezya ina darzanoM kI samIkSA ke sAtha-sAtha inake prahAroM se jaina tatvajJAna kI rakSA karanA bhI rahA hai| isameM ve paryApta saphala bhI hue haiN| unhoMne jaina nyAya kI aisI zailI ko janma diyA, jisake prati bahumAna rakhane ke kAraNa paravartI jaina granthakAra isako 'akalaMka-nyAya' ke nAma se abhihita karate haiM / unakI zailI ko paravartI jaina nyAya granthakAroM ne, cAhe ve digambara paramparA ke rahe hoM yA zvetAmbara paramparA ke, khUba apnaayaa| isa rUpa meM AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasena ke bAda jaina nyAya ke kSetra meM unakA nAma bar3e gaurava ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai / yahA~ hama unake dvArA kI gaI vibhinna darzanoM kI samIkSA para prakAza DAlate haiN|
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________________ 65 jainavidyA - 20-21 vaizeSika darzana-samIkSA - tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM sAMkhya, vaizeSika aura bauddhoM ke mokSa ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSika AtmA ke buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma aura saMskAra rUpa nava vizeSa guNoM ke atyanta uccheda ko mokSa kahate haiM / aisA mAnate hue bhI karmabandhana ke vinAzarUpa mokSa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa meM kisI ko vivAda nahIM hai| vaizeSika ke mata se dravya, guNa aura sAmAnya padArtha pRthak-pRthak svatantra haiM, isalie unake mata meM uSNa guNa ke yoga se agni uSNa hai - aisA kahA jA sakatA hai, svayaM agni uSNa nahIM ho sktii| ayutasiddhalakSaNa samavAya yaha isameM hai, isa prakAra kI buddhi pravRtti kA kAraNa hotA hai, isalie guNa-guNI meM abheda kA vyapadeza hotA hai aura isa samavAya sambandha ke kAraNa hI uSNatva ke samavAya se guNa meM uSNatA tathA uSNa guNa ke samavAya se agni uSNa ho jAtI hai| isake uttara meM akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki aisA nahIM hai, svataMtra padArthoM meM samavAya ke niyama kA abhAva hai| yadi uSNa guNa evam agni paraspara bhinna haiM to aisA kauna-sA prativiziSTa niyama hai ki uSNa guNa kA samavAya agni meM hI hotA hai, zIta guNa meM nhiiN| uSNatva kA samavAya uSNa guNa meM hI hotA hai - zIta guNa meM nahIM, isa prakAra kA pratiniyama dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta samavAya ke khaNDana meM aneka yuktiyA~ dI gaI haiM - 1. vRtyantara kA abhAva hone se samavAya kA abhAva hai| 2. samavAya prApti hai, isalie usameM anya prAptimAna kA abhAva hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki isa prakAra ke kathana meM vyabhicAra AtA hai|' dIpaka ke samAna samavAya sva aura para ina donoM kA sambandha karA degA, aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, aisA mAnane para samavAya meM pariNAmitva hone se ananyatva kI siddhi hogii| ina saba kAraNoM se guNAdi ko dravya kI paryAyavizeSa mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai| vaizeSika mAnate haiM ki icchA aura dveSa se bandha hotA hai| icchA-dveSapUrvaka dharma aura adharma meM pravRti hotI hai| dharma se sukha aura adharma se duHkha hotA hai tathA sukha-duHkha se icchA-dveSa hote haiM / vimohI ke icchA-dveSa nahIM hote, kyoMki tatvajJa ke mithyAdarzana kA abhAva hai| moha hI ajJAna hai| vimohI SaTpadArtha tatva ke jJAtA vairAgI yati ke sukha-du:kha, icchA aura dveSa kA abhAva hai| icchA-dveSa ke abhAva se dharma, adharma kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| dharma-adharma ke abhAva meM nUtana zarIra aura mana ke saMyoga kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| zarIra aura mana ke saMyoga ke abhAva meM janma nahIM hotA, vaha mokSa hai|' isa prakAra ajJAna se bandha hotA hai, yaha vaizeSika bhI mAnatA hai| akalaMkadeva ke anusAra vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| ise ve vaizeSika meM bhI ghaTita karate haiM / vaizeSika pRthivItva Adi sAmAnya-vizeSa svIkAra karate haiM / eka hI pRthivItva sva-vyaktiyoM meM anugata hone se sAmAnyAtmaka hokara bhI jalAdi se vyAvRtti karAne kA kAraNa hone se vizeSa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu meM sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka svIkAra karanevAle vaizeSika siddhAnta meM bhI eka vastu ke ubhayAtmaka mAnane meM virodha nahIM aataa|
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________________ 66 jainavidyA - 20-21 prathama adhyAya ke dasaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM jJAtA aura pramANa bhinna-bhinna haiM, aisA mAnanevAle vaizeSika ke ajJatva doSa AtA hai, isakA vivecana kiyA hai| yadi jJAna se AtmA pRthak hai to AtmA ke ghaTa ke samAna ajJatva kA prasaGga aaegaa| jJAna ke yoga se jJAnI hotA hai, yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jo svayaM ajJAnI hai vaha jJAna ke saMyoga se jJAnI nahIM ho sktaa| jaise janma se andhA dIpaka kA saMyoga hone para bhI dRSTA nahIM bana sakatA, isI prakAra ajJa AtmA bhI jJAna ke saMyoga se jJAtA nahIM ho sktaa| prathama adhyAya ke battIsaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki vaizeSikoM kA mata hai ki pratiniyata (bhinna-bhinna) pRthvI Adi jAti viziSTa paramANu se adRSTAdi hetu ke sannidhAna hone para ekatrita hokara arthAntarabhUta ghaTAdi kAryarUpa AtmalAbha hotA hai, yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki vaizeSika ke anusAra paramANu nitya hai, ataH usameM kArya ko utpanna karane kI zakti kA abhAva hai| ___ isI prakAra prathama adhyAya ke pahale maMgalAcaraNa meM mokSa ke kAraNoM ke viSaya meM vibhinna vAdiyoM ke matoM kA kathana karate hue nyAyadarzana kI mAnyatA kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki ve mAnate haiM ki jJAna se hI mokSa hotA hai| tatvajJAna se sabhI ke uttara (mithyAjJAna) kI nivRtti ho jAne para usake anantara artha hai, usakI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| mithyAjJAna ke anantara kyA hai? doSa hai, kyoMki doSa mithyAjJAna kA kArya hai| doSa kArya hone se doSa ke anantara pravRtti hai, kyoMki doSa ke abhAva meM pravRtti kA abhAva hai| pravRtti ke uttara janma hai, pravRtti kA kArya hone se| pravRttirUpa kAraNa ke abhAva meM janmarUpa kArya kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| janma ke uttara duHkha hai, isalie janma ke abhAva meM duHkha kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| ata: kAraNa kI nivRtti hone para kArya kI nivRtti honA svAbhAvika hai| Atyantika du:kha kI nivRtti honA hI mokSa hai, kyoMki sukha-duHkha kA anupayoga hI mokSa kahalAtA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI samagratA ke binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaise rasAyana ke jJAnamAtra se rasAyanaphala arthAt roganivRtti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki isameM rasAyana zraddhAna aura rasAyanakriyA kA abhAva hai| pUrNa phala kI prApti ke lie rasAyana kA vizvAsa, jJAna aura usakA sevana Avazyaka hai| usI prakAra darzana aura cAritra ke abhAva meM jJAnamAtra se mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii|15 naiyAyika mAnate haiM ki zabda AkAza kA guNa hai, vaha vAyu ke abhighAta Adi bAhya kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai, indriya pratyakSa hai, guNa hai, anya dravyoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, nirAdhAra guNa nahIM raha sakate, ataH zabda apane AdhArabhUta guNI AkAza kA anumAna karatA hai, aisA kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki paudgalika hone se pudgala kA vikAra hI zabda hai, AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai|
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________________ 67 jainavidyA - 20-21 pA~caveM adhyAya ke 25veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu skandha ke hI bheda haiM tathA sparza, rasa, zabda Adi skandha kI paryAyeM haiN| isase naiyAyika ke isa siddhAnta kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai ki pRthvI meM cAra guNa, jala meM gandharahita tIna guNa, agni meM gandha aura rasa rahita do guNa tathA vAyu meM kevala sparza guNa hai| ye saba pRthivyAdi jAtiyA~ bhinna-bhinna haiN|" sallekhanA ke prasaGga meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vAdI (naiyAyika) AtmA ko niSkriya kahate haiM, yadi unake punaH sAdhujana sevita sallekhanA karanevAle ke lie Atmavadha dUSaNa hai to aisA kahanevAle ke AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane kI pratijJA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| niSkriyatva svIkAra karane para Atmavadha kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| dAna ke prasaGga meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA meM nityatva, ajJatva aura niSkriyatva mAnane para dAnavidhi nahIM bana sktii| jinake siddhAnta meM satsvarUpa AtmA akAraNa hone se kUTasthanitya * hai aura jJAnAdi guNoM se bhinna hone se (arthAntarabhUta hone se) AtmA ajJa hai aura sarvagata hone se niSkriya hai, unake bhI vidhivizeSa Adi se phalavizeSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki aisI AtmA meM koI vikAra-parivartana kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai|" pA~caveM adhyAya ke dUsare sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM naiyAyikoM ke 'dravyatva yogAtdravya' kI vistRta samIkSA kI gaI hai| cArvAka darzana-samIkSA - pA~caveM adhyAya ke 22veM sUtra meM zarIrAdi ko pudgala kA upakAra kahA hai| ukta prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai - tantrAntarIyA jIvaM paribhASante, tattvArthaM iti / arthAt anya vAdI (cArvAkAdi) jIva ko pudgala kahate haiM, vaha kaise? isa prazna ke uttara meM sUtra kahA gayA hai ki sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNavAle pudgala haiN| mImAMsA darzana-samIkSA - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM kI ekatA se mokSa hotA hai, isa siddhAnta ke pratipAdana ke prasaMga meM anya matoM kI samIkSA ke sAtha mImAMsA ke isa siddhAnta kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai ki kriyA se hI mokSa hotA hai| prathama adhyAya ke bArahaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM pratyakSa ke lakSaNa ke prasaMga meM bauddha, vaizeSika aura sAMkhya kI samIkSA ke sAtha mImAMsakoM ke isa mata kI samIkSA kI gaI hai ki indriyoM kA samprayoga hone para puruSa ke utpanna honevAlI buddhi pratyakSa hai| mImAMsakoM ke isa mata ko svIkAra kiyA jAegA arthAt indriyanimitta se honevAle jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA jAegA to Apta ko pratyakSa jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| __ pA~caveM adhyAya ke satrahaveM sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki apUrva nAmaka dharma (puNya-pApa) kriyA se abhivyakta hokara amUrta hote hue bhI puruSa kA upakArI hai arthAt puruSa ke upabhoga sAdhanoM meM nimitta hotA hI hai, usI prakAra amUrta dharma aura adharma dravya ko bhI jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati aura sthiti meM upakAraka samajhanA caahie|
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________________ 68 jainavidyA - 20-21 ___ pA~caveM adhyAya ke 24veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM sphoTavAdI mImAMsakoM ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki ve mAnate haiM ki dhvaniyA~ kSaNika haiM / ve krama se utpanna hotI haiM aura anantara kSaNa meM vinaSTa ho jAtI haiN| ata: una dhvaniyoM se abhivyakta honevAlA, artha ke pratipAdana meM samartha, amUrta, nitya, atIndriya, niravayava aura niSkriya zabdasphoTa mAnanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki dhvani aura sphoTa meM vyaMgya-vyaMjaka bhAva nahIM hai| sAMkhya darzana-samIkSA - prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM vibhinna vAdiyoM kI mokSa kI paribhASA ke sAtha sAMkhya darzana kI mAnyatA kI ora bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya yadyapi prakRti aura puruSa kA bheda-vijJAna hone para svapna meM lupta hue vijJAna ke samAna anabhivyakta caitanyasvarUpa avasthA ko mokSa mAnatA hai, tathApi karmabandhana ke vinAzarUpa mokSa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa meM kisI ko vivAda nahIM hai|" prathama adhyAya meM AkAza ke pradezoM kI anantatA ke viSaya meM Apatti hone para bauddha aura vaizeSika dvArA ananta ko mAnyatA diye jAne kA ullekha karate hue sAMkhya siddhAnta ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki sAMkhya siddhAnta meM sarvagata hone se prakRti aura puruSa ke anantatA kahI gaI hai| jainadharma meM dharma aura adharma dravya ko gati aura sthiti meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa mAnA hai| yadi aisA na mAnakara AkAza ko sarvakArya karane meM samartha mAnA jAyegA to vaizeSika, bauddha aura sAMkhya siddhAnta se virodha aaegaa| udAharaNArtha sAMkhya satva, raja aura tama ye tIna guNa mAnate haiM / satva guNa kA prasAda aura lAghava, rajoguNa kA zodha aura tApa tathA tamoguNa kA AvaraNa aura sAdanarUpa bhinna-bhinna svabhAva haiN| yadi vyApitva hone se AkAza ko hI gati evaM sthiti meM upagraha (nimitta) mAnate haiM to vyApitva hone se satva ko hI zoSatApAdi rajoguNadharma aura sAdana AvaraNa Adi tapodharma mAna lenA caahie| raja, tama guNa mAnanA nirarthaka hai tathA aura bhI pratipakSI dharma haiM, unako eka mAnane se saMkara doSa aayegaa| usI prakAra sabhI AtmAoM meM eka caitanyarUpatA aura AdAna-abhogatA samAna hai, ataH eka hI AtmA mAnanA cAhie, ananta nahIM arthAt AtmA meM bhI caitanya bhoktR Adi samAna hone se sarva AtmA meM ekatva kA prasaGga aaegaa|" pA~caveM adhyAya ke satrahaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki jaise amUrta bhI pradhAna puruSArtha pravRtti se mahAn ahaMkAra Adi vikArarUpa se pariNata hokara puruSa kA upakAra karatA hai, usIprakAra amUrta dharma aura adharma dravya ko bhI jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati aura sthiti meM upakAraka samajhanA caahie| sAMkhya kA AkAza ko pradhAna kA vikAra mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA kI taraha pradhAna ke bhI vikArarUpa pariNamana nahIM ho sktaa| prazna : satva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoM kI sAmya avasthA hI pradhAna hai, usa pradhAna meM utpAdaka svabhAvatA hai| usa pradhAna ke vikAra mahAn, ahaMkAra Adi haiM tathA AkAza bhI pradhAna kA eka vikAra hai|
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________________ 69 jainavidyA - 20-21 uttara : yaha kathana bhI ayukta hai, kyoMki pradhAna paramAtmA ke samAna nitya, niSkriya, ananta Adi avizeSapane se paramAtmA kA AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva nahIM hone se usameM pariNamana kA abhAva hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke samAna avizeSa rUpa se nitya, niSkriya aura ananta hone se pradhAna ke bhI vikAra kA abhAva hai aura pradhAna ke vikAra kA abhAva hone se pradhAna kA vikAra AkAza hai' - isa kalpanA kA vyAghAta hotA hai / athavA jaise pradhAna ke vikAra ghaTa ke anityatva, amUrtatva aura asarvagatatva hai, usI pradhAna kA vikAra hone se AkAza ke bhI anityatva, amUrtatva aura asarvagatatva honA cAhie yA phira AkAza kI taraha ghaTa ke bhI nityatva, amUrtatva aura sarvagatatva honA cAhie, kyoMki eka kAraNa se do paraspara atyanta virodhI kArya nahIM ho skte|" . chaThe adhyAya ke dasaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki kAraNa tulya hone se kArya tulya honA cAhie, isa pakSa meM pratyakSa aura Agama se virodha AtA hai| miTTI ke piNDa se ghaTa, ghaTI, zarAba, udancana Adi aneka kArya hone se uparyukta siddhAnta se pratyakSa virodha AtA hai| sAMkhya eka pradhAna tulya kAraNa se mahAn ahaMkAra Adi nAnA kArya mAnate haiN| ... vastuoM meM bhinna-bhinna svabhAva svIkAra kie jAne meM sAMkhya kA bhI udAharaNa diyA gayA hai, jahA~ satva, raja, tama guNoM kA prakAza, pravRtti aura niyama Adi svabhAva mAnA gayA hai| yoga darzana-samIkSA - mokSa ke kAraNoM ke viSaya meM vibhinna vAdiyoM ke mata vaibhinna ko dikhalAte hue yogadarzana kI mAnyatA kI ora nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, jisake anusAra jJAna aura vairAgya se mokSa hotA hai / padArthoM ke avabodha ko jJAna kahate haiM aura viSayasukha kI abhilASAoM ke tyAga arthAt paMcendriyajanya viSayasukhoM meM anAsakti ko vairAgya kahate haiM / veda-samIkSA - prathama adhyAya ke dUsare sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM 'puruSa evedaM sarvam' ityAdi Rgveda ke puruSa-sUkta kI paMkti uddhRta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki Rgveda meM puruSa hI sarva hai, vahI tatva hai, usakA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai; yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki advaitavAda meM kriyA-kAraka Adi samasta bheda-vyavahAra kA lopa ho jAtA hai| __ AThaveM adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM vAdarAyaNa, vasu, jaiminI Adi zrutavihita kriyAoM kA anuSThAna karanevAloM ko ajJAnI kahA hai, kyoMki inhoMne prANivadha ko dharma kA sAdhana mAnA hai| samasta prANiyoM ke hita ke anuzAsana meM jo pravRtti karAtA hai, vahI Agama ho sakatA hai, hiMsAvidhAyI vacanoM kA kathana karanevAle Agama nahIM ho sakate, jaise dasyujanoM ke vcn| anavasthAna hone se bhI ye Agama nahIM hai arthAt kahIM hiMsA aura kahIM ahiMsA kA paraspara virodhI kathana inameM milatA hai| jaise punarvasu pahalA hai, puSpa pahalA hai, ye paraspara virodhI vacana hone se anavasthita evaM apramANa haiN| usI prakAra veda meM bhI kahIM para pazuvadha ko dharma kA hetu kahA hai - jaise eka sthAna para likhA hai ki pazuvadha se sarva iSTa padArtha milate haiM, yajJa vibhUti ke lie hai, ataH yajJa meM honevAlA vadha avadha hai| dUsarI jagaha likhA hai ki 'aja' jinameM aMkura utpanna hone kI zakti na ho, aise tIna varSa purAne bIja se piSTamaya balipazu banAkara yajJa karanA cAhie, isa prakAra hiMsA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra ye vacana paraspara virodhI haiM, ataH avyavasthita tathA virodhI hone se vedavAkya pramANa nahIM ho skte|" isa taraha vedavAkya kI pramANatA kA tatvArthavArtika meM vistRta khaNDana kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 70 jainavidyA - 20-21 ___ bauddha darzana-samIkSA - anya darzanoM kI samIkSA karate samaya akalaMkadeva ne prAyaH bauddha, nyAya-vaizeSika aura sAMkhya ko dRSTi meM rakhA hai, kintu inameM bhI bauddha mantavyoM kI unhoMne jagahajagaha AlocanA kI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake samaya bauddhadharma jainadharma kA prabala virodhI dharma thaa| bauddhadharma kA marmasparzI adhyayana karane hetu akalaMkadeva ko chipakara bauddha maTha meM rahanA par3A thaa| isa hetu unheM aneka kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA par3A, kintu ve duHkhoM ke bIca rahakara bhI ghabarAe nhiiN| bauddha zAstroM kA adhyayana kara unhoMne jagaha-jagaha unase zAstrArtha kara jainadarzana kI vijaya-dundubhI bjaayii| unakI tarkapUrNa pratibhA ko dekhate hue unheM 'akalaMka brahmA' kahA jAne lgaa| tattvArthavArtika ke katipaya sthala hama udAharaNarUpa meM prastuta karate haiM jisase unakI bauddhavidyA meM gaharI paiTha kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi bauddha rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pA~ca skandhoM ke nirodha se AtmA ke abhAva rUpa mokSa ke anyathA lakSaNa kI kalpanA karate haiM tathApi karmabandhana ke vinAzarUpa mokSa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa meM kisI bhI vAdI kA vivAda nahIM hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki avidyA pratyaya saMskAra ke abhAva se mokSa hotA hai.40 jainoM kA kahanA hai ki saMskAroM kA kSaya jJAna se hotA hai yA kisI anya kAraNa se? yadi jJAna se saMskAroM kA kSaya hogA to jJAna hote hI saMskAroM kA kSaya bhI ho jAyegA aura zIghra mukti ho jAne se pravacanopadeza kA abhAva hogaa| yadi saMskAra-kSaya ke lie anya kAraNa apekSita haiM to cAritra ke sivAya dUsarA kauna-sA kAraNa hai? yadi saMskAroM kA kSaya cAritra se hotA hai to jJAna se mokSa hotA hai, isa pratijJA kI hAni hogii| pA~caveM adhyAya ke nauveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki bauddha loka-dhAtuoM ko ananta mAnate haiM / ataH AkAza ke pradezoM ko jainoM dvArA ananta mAne jAne meM koI virodha nahIM hai| pA~caveM adhyAya ke satrahaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki koI bauddha mAnate haiM ki . rupaNa, anubhavanimitta grahaNa, saMskRtAbhi saMskaraNa, Alambana aura prajJaptisvabhAva lakSaNa rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ye pA~ca skandha haiN| una bhinna lakSaNavAle skandhoM meM yadi eka skandha ke hI sarva dharmoM kI kalpanA karate haiM to vijJAna ke nahIM hone para bhI anubhava Adi nahIM hote haiM, arthAt vijJAna ke hI anubhava Adi hote haiM / ata: eka vijJAna ko hI mAnanA caahie| usI se hI rUpAdi skandhoM kA rupaNa, anubhavana, zabda prayoga aura saMskArAdi kArya ho jaayeNge| isI taraha zeSa skandhoM kI nivRtti ho jAne para nirAlambana vijJAna kI bhI sthiti nahIM raha sakatI arthAt vijJAna kI bhI nivRtti ho jAne se sarvazUnyatA hI hAtha raha jAyagI, parantu bauddhoM ko pA~ca skandhoM kA abhAva iSTa nahIM hai| sabhI vAdI pratyakSa aura apratyakSa padArtha ko svIkAra karate haiN| isake samarthana meM kahA gayA hai ki koI (bauddha) kahate haiM ki pratyeka rUpa paramANu atIndriya hai| unakA samudAya, jo ki aneka paramANuvAlA hai, vaha indriyagrAhya hai| citta aura caitasika vikalpa atIndriya haiM / 14 amUrta dharma, adharma bhI upakAraka hote haiN| isake udAharaNa meM bauddhoM kA yaha siddhAnta upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki amUrta bhI vijJAnarUpa kI utpatti kA kAraNa hotA hai / nAmarUpa vijJAna nimittaka hai|45
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________________ 71 jainavidyA - 20-21 pA~caveM adhyAya ke aThAharaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI (bauddha) aisA kahe ki AkAza nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai, kevala AcaraNa kA abhAvamAtra hai to aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| AkAza AvaraNa kA abhAva mAtra nahIM hai, apitu vastubhUta hai, kyoMki nAma ke samAna usakI siddhi hai| jaise nAma aura vedanA Adi amUrta hone se anAvaraNa rUpa hokara bhI sat haiM, aisA jAnA jAtA hai; usI prakAra amUrta hone se anAvaraNa rUpa hokara bhI AkAza vastubhUta hai, aisA jAnA jAtA hai| 46 - pA~caveM adhyAya ke 19veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki vijJAna meM sAmarthya kA abhAva hone se mana vijJAna nahIM hai| kSaNika vartamAna vijJAna pUrva aura uttara vijJAnoM se jaba koI sambandha nahIM rakhatA, taba guNa-doSa vicAra aura smaraNAdi vyApAra meM kaise sahAyaka bana sakatA hai 47 pA~caveM adhyAya ke 22veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki kSaNika ekAntavAda meM pratItyavAda ko svIkAra karane se usakI prakriyA meM jitanA kAraNa hogA utanA kArya hogA, ataH unake bhI vRddhi nahIM hogii| kiM ca sarva ke kSaNika hone se aMkura kA aura usake abhimata kAraNa bhaumarasa, udakarasa Adi kA vinAza hogA yA paurvAparya (krama) se / yadi kArya aura kAraNoM kA yugapat nAza hotA hai to unake dvArA vRddhi kyA hogI ? kyoMki vRddhi ke kAraNa jaba svayaM naSTa ho rahe haiM, taba ve anya vinazyamAna padArtha kI kyA vRddhi kareMge? arthAt vinazyamAna padArtha anya vinazyamAna padArtha kI vRddhi karate hue loka meM nahIM dekhe jAte / yadi kArya-kAraNa kramazaH naSTa hote haiM, taba bhI naSTa aMkura kA bhaumarasa, udakarasa Adi kyA kara sakate haiM? athavA vinaSTa rasAdi aMkura kA kyA kara sakeMge? anekAntavAda meM to aMkura yA bhaumarasAdi sabhI padArtha dravyadRSTi se nitya haiM aura paryAyadRSTi se kSaNika haiM / ataH vRddhi ho sakatI hai 148 kAraNatulya hone se kAryatulya honA cAhie, aisA kahane meM Agama-virodha AtA hai, kyoMki bauddha avidyArUpa tulyakAraNoM se puNya- apuNya aura anubhaya saMskAroM kI utpatti mAnate haiM / 49 sallekhanA para bauddhoM dvArA Apatti kiye jAne para kahA hai ki sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiM, isa prakAra kahanevAle kSaNikavAdI ke svasamaya virodha hai, usI prakAra jaba satva (jIva), satva saMjJA (jIva kA jJAna), vadhaka (hiMsaka) aura vadhacitta ( hiMsA) ina cAra cetanAoM ke rahane para hiMsA hotI hai, aisA kahanevAle (isa matavAdI) ke jaba Atmavadhaka citta hI nahIM hai, taba sallekhanA karanevAle ke AtmaghAta kA doSa dene para svasamaya (svavacana) virodha AtA hai / sAtaveM adhyAya ke 38veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM dAna ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki pratigraha Adi kriyAoM meM Adara vizeSa vidhi vizeSa hai| sarva padArthoM ko nirAtmaka mAnane para vidhi Adi rUpa kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| jisa darzana meM nirAtmaka (kSaNika) hai, usa darzana meM vidhi Adi kI vizeSatA nahIM ho sktii| yadi vidhi Adi kI vizeSatA hai to sarvabhAva nirAtmaka hai - isa siddhAnta ke vyAghAta kA prasaGga AtA hai| kSaNa mAtra AlambanarUpa vijJAna meM isa bAta kI siddhi nahIM hotI / jaba jJAna sarvathA kSaNika hai taba tapa, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM parAyaNa yaha RSi merA
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________________ 72 jainavidyA - 20-21 upakAra karegA, isake lie diyA gayA dAna, vratI, zIla, bhAvanA Adi kI vRddhi karegA, isakI yaha vidhi hai| isa prakAra kA anusandhAna-pratyabhijJAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki pUrvottara kSaNa viSayaka jJAna, saMskAra Adi ke grAhaka eka jJAna kA abhAva hai| ata: isa pakSa meM dAnavidhi nahIM bana sktii| prathama adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM anekAntavAda kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vijJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta meM bAhya paramANu eka nahIM hai, kintu tadAkAra pariNata vijJAna hI paramANu saMjJA ko prApta hotA hai / ye grAhyAkAra, grAhakAkAra aura saMvedanAkAra ina tIna zaktiyoM kA adhikaraNa eka vijJAna ko svIkAra karate haiM / isalie aneka dharmAtmaka eka vastu meM virodha nahIM hai| __ anyatra kahA gayA hai ki jisake siddhAnta se AtmA jJAnAtmaka hI rahatA hai - usake siddhAnta meM AtmA ke jJAnarUpa pariNamana kA abhAva hogA, kyoMki jJAnarUpa se vaha svayaM pariNata hai hI, parantu jaina siddhAnta meM kisI paryAya kI apekSA anya rUpa se hI AtmA kA pariNamana mAnA jAye vA itara rUpa se hI pariNamana mAnA jAye to phira usa paryAya kA kabhI virAma nahIM ho skegaa| yadi virAma hogA to AtmA kA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| advaitavAda-samIkSA - advaitavAdI dravya ko to mAnate haiM, kintu rUpAdi ko nahIM maante| unakA yaha kahanA viparIta hai| yadi dravya hI ho, rUpAdi nahIM ho to dravya kA paricAyaka lakSaNa na rahane se lakSyabhUta dravya kA hI abhAva ho jaayegaa| indriyoM ke dvArA sannikRSyamANaM dravya kA rUpAdi ke abhAva meM sarva AtmA (akhaNDa rUpa se) grahaNa kA prasaGga AegA aura pA~ca indriyoM ke abhAva kA prasaGga AegA, kyoMki dravya to kisI eka bhI indriya se pUrNa rUpa se gRhIta ho hI jaayegaa| parantu aisA mAnanA na to iSTa hI hai aura na pramANa prasiddha hI hai athavA jinakA siddhAnta . hai ki rUpAdi guNa hI hai, dravya nahIM hai, unake mata meM nirAdhAra hone se rUpAdi guNoM kA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| uparyukta vAdoM kI samIkSA ke sAtha jaina dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA samarthana akalaMkadeva ne prabala yuktiyoM dvArA kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se prathama adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM saptabhaGgI kA nirUpaNa, 9veM se 13veM sUtra taka jJAnaviSayaka vividha viSayoM kI AlocanA, antima sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM RjusUtra kA viSaya nirUpaNa, dvitIya adhyAya ke 8veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM AtmaniSedhaka anumAnoM kA nirAkaraNa, caturtha adhyAya ke anta meM anekAntavAda ke sthApanapUrvaka nayasaptabhaGgI aura pramANasaptabhaGgI kA vivecana, pA~caveM adhyAya ke 24veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM apariNAmavAdiyoM dvArA pariNAmitva para Ae doSoM kA nirAkaraNa, vyAsabhASya ke pariNAma ke lakSaNa kI AlocanA tathA kriyA ko hI kAla mAnanevAloM kA khaNDana darzanazAstra ke mahatvapUrNa viSaya haiN|" Agamika vaiziSTya - tattvArthasUtra meM Agamika mAnyatAoM ko nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAroM ne ina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA yukti aura zAstra ke AdhAra para kI hai| akalaMkadeva kA tattvArthavArtika bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| prathama adhyAya ke 7veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM nirdeza,
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________________ jainavidyA 20-21 svAmitva Adi kI yojanA kI gaI hai| prathama adhyAya ke 20veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM dvAdazAMga ke viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| Agama meM 363 mithyAmata batalAe gae haiM / tattvArthavArtika meM 8veM adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM 363 matoM kA pratipAdana isa prakAra hai - - 73 paropadeza se honevAlA mithyAdarzana kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnI aura vainayika mata ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai / kaukkala, mANDeviddhi, kauzika, hari, zmazravAn, kapila, rameza, hArita, azvamuNDa, AzvalAyana Adi ke vikalpa se kriyAvAdI mithyAdRSTiyoM ke 84 bheda haiN| marIci, kumAra, ulUka, kapila, gArgya, vyAghrazUti, vATThali, mADara, maudgalyAyana Adi darzanoM ke bheda se akriyAvAdiyoM ke 180 bheda haiN| sAkalya, vASkala, kuthumi, sAtyayamugni, cArAyaNa, kATha, mAdhyandinI, moda, paippalAda, vAdarAyaNa, sviSTikRta, aitikAyana, vasu, jaiminI Adi matoM ke bheda se ajJAnavAda mithyAtva ke 67 bheda haiN| vaziSTha, jatukarNa, vAlmIki, romaharSiNa, satyadatta, vyAsa, ailaputra, upamanyava, indradatta, apasthUlAdi mArga ke bheda se vainayika mithyAtva ke 32 bheda haiM / isa prakAra 363 mithyA matavAda haiM / 56 yahI kahA gayA hai ki Agama pramANa se prANivadha ko dharma kA hetu siddha karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki prANivadha kA kathana karanevAle grantha ke Agamatva kI asiddhi hai| 7 1-21-22 kI vyAkhyA meM avadhijJAna kA viSaya, 2-7 kI vyAkhyA meM sannipAtika bhAvoM kI caryA, 2-49 kI vyAkhyA meM zarIroM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana, tIsare adhyAya kI vyAkhyA meM adholoka aura madhyaloka kA vivecana, pA~caveM adhyAya kI vyAkhyA meM jainoM ke SaTddravyavAda kA nirUpaNa, chaThe adhyAya meM Asrava, sAtaveM meM jainAcAra, AThaveM meM karmasiddhAnta, naveM meM muni AcAra tathA dhyAna tathA dasaveM meM mokSa kA vivecana avalokanIya hai| 58 vyAkaraNika vaiziSTya - akalaMkadeva vyAkaraNa zAstra ke mahAn vidvAna the| pANinIya vyAkaraNa tathA jainendra vyAkaraNa kA unhoMne bhalI-bhA~ti pArAyaNa kiyA thA / vyutpatti aura koza granthoM kA unakA acchA adhyayana thA / tattvArthavArtika meM sthAna-sthAna para sUtroM evaM usameM Agata zabdoM kA jaba ve vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se aucitya siddha karate haiM taba aisA lagatA hai jaise ve zabdazAstra likha rahe hoN| isa prakAra ke saikar3oM sthala pramANa rUpa meM uddhRta kie jA sakate haiM / jaise - jJAnavAna meM mattupa pratyaya prazaMsA artha meM hai, kyoMki jJAnarahita koI AtmA nahIM hai / jaise kahA jAtA hai ki yaha rUpavAn hai, rUpa meM mattupa pratyaya prazaMsA artha meM hai, kyoMki rUparahita koI pudgala nahIM hai| 59 vibhakta karttA aura avibhakta karttA ke bheda se karaNa do prakAra ke haiM / jisameM karaNa aura karttA pRthak-pRthak hote haiM, use vibhakta kartRka (karaNa) kahate haiN| jaise 'devadatta parazu se vRkSa ko kATatA hai', isameM parazu (kulhAr3I) rUpa karaNa devadattarUpa kartA se bhinna hai| jisameM kartA se abhinna karaNa hotA hai, usako avibhaktakartRka (karaNa) kahate haiM / jaise uSNatA se agni IMdhana ko jalAtI hai, isameM uSNatA rUpa karaNa agni rUpa kartA se abhinna hai| isI prakAra AtmA jJAna ke dvArA padArthoM ko jAnatA hai - yaha avibhaktakartRka (karaNa) hai,
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________________ 74 jainavidyA - 20-21 kyoMki uSNatA kI agni se aura jJAna kI AtmA se pRthak sattA hI nahIM hai athavA kuzUla ke svAtantrya ke samAna dRSTAnta se jAnA jAtA hai| jaise - devadatta kuzUla ko tor3a rahA hai - isameM kuzUla kI bhedana-kriyA meM jaba svataMtratA kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai taba kuzUla svayaM hI naSTa ho rahA hai, kyoMki bhedana-kriyA to kuzUla meM ho rahI hai, taba kuzUla svayaM hI kartA aura svayaM hI karaNa bana jAtA hai| usI prakAra AtmA hI jJAtA aura jJAna hokara kartA evaM karaNa rUpa bana jAtA hai| arthAt AtmA jJAna ke dvArA jAnatA hai, isameM abhinna kartA-karaNa hai| prazna :- kartA aura karma meM ekatA mAnane para lakSaNa kA abhAva hogA, kyoMki 'yuT' pratyaya hotA hai| uttara :- aisA kahanA yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki vyAkaraNa zAstra meM kahe gaye 'yuT' aura 'Nic' pratyaya kartA Adi sabhI sAdhanoM se pAye jAte haiN| bhAvakarma meM kahe gaye 'tya' pratyaya karaNAdi meM dekhe jAte haiN| jisase snAna karatA hai - snAnIya cUrNa, jisake lie detA hai - vaha dAnIya atithi, samAvartana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha samAvartanIya guru kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra karaNAdhikaraNa aura ta.vA. 1/1/25 karmAdi meM yuT pratyaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaise - khAtA hai vaha niradana, praskandana jisase hotA hai vaha praskandana / isI prakAra sAtoM hI vibhakti se honevAle zabdoM meM yuT pratyaya hotA hai| eka hI artha meM zabdabheda hone se vyaktibheda dekhA jAtA hai jaise ki 'gehaM kuTI maThaH' yahA~ eka hI ghararUpa artha meM vibhinna liMgavAle zabdoM kA prayoga hai / 'puSya, tArakA, nakSatram' yahA~ eka hI tArA rUpa artha meM vibhinna liMgaka aura vibhinna vacanavAle zabdoM kA prayoga hai| isI prakAra jJAna zabda vibhinna liMgavAlA hote hue bhI AtmA kA vAcaka hai|2 'darzana jJAna cAritrANi' meM tInoM kI pradhAnatA hone se bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaise - 'plakSannagrodhapalAzAH' isameM asti Adi samAna kAla kriyAvAle plakSAdi ke paraspara apekSA hone se aura sarva padArtha pradhAna hone se itaretana yoga meM dvandva samAsa aura bahuvacana kA prayoga hai| isI prakAra samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM asti Adi samAna kriyA, kAla aura paraspara sApekSa hone se itaretara dvandva aura sarvapadArtha pradhAna hone se bahuvacanAnta kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'bhuji' ke samAna samyak vizeSaNa kI parisamApti pratyeka ke sAtha lagAnA cAhie arthAt dvandva samAsa ke sAtha koI bhI vizeSaNa cAhe vaha Adi meM prayukta ho yA anta meM, sabake sAtha jur3a jAtA hai| jaise - gurudatta, devadatta, jinadatta ko bhojana karAo, isameM bhojana kriyA kA tInoM meM anvaya ho jAtA hai| vaise hI prazaMsAvacana samyak zabda kA anvaya darzanAdi tInoM ke sAtha hotA hai - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra / uparyukta udAharaNa prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra ke haiN| pUre tattvArthavArtika meM isa prakAra kI saikar3oM carcAyeM haiN| vizeSa adhyayana karanevAloM ko inheM grantha se dekhanA caahie| isase akalaMkadeva kA vyAkaraNa ke sabhI aGgoM kA talasparzI jJAna sUcita hotA hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 75 __ zabdoM ke aneka artha - zabdoM ke aneka artha hote haiM, isake udAharaNa tattvArthavArtika meM aneka mila jaayeNge| jaise - prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM antara zabda ke aneka artha diye gaye haiM / antara zabda cheda, madhya, viraha Adi aneka arthoM meM hai| unameM se anyatama grahaNa karanA caahie| antara zabda ke aneka artha haiM, yathA - 'sAntaraM kASThaM' meM 'antara' chidra artha meM hai arthAt chidrasahita kASTha hai| 'dravyANi dravyAntaramArabhaMte' yahA~ antara zabda anya artha meM hai arthAt dravyAntara kA artha anya dravya hai| 'himavatsAgarAntare' isameM antara zabda kA artha madhya hai arthAt himavAn parvata aura sAgara ke madhya meM bharata kSetra hai| kvacit samIpa artha meM antara zabda AtA hai| jaise - sphaTika zuklaraktAdyantarasthasya tadvarNatA, zveta aura lAla raMga ke samIpa rakhA huA sphttik| yahA~ antara kA artha samIpa hai| kahIM para vizeSatA artha meM bhI antara zabda kA prayoga batAyA hai| jaise - ghor3A, hAthI aura lohe meM, lakar3I, patthara aura kapar3e meM, strI-puruSa aura jala meM, antara hI nahIM mahAn antara hai| yahA~ antara zabda vaiziSTyavAcaka hai| kahIM para bahiryoga meM antara zabda prayukta hotA hai| jaise - 'grAmasyAntare kUpAH' meM bAhyArthaka antara zabda hai arthAt gA~va ke bAhara kuyeM haiM / kahIM upasaMkhyAna arthAt antarvastra ke artha meM antara zabda kA prayoga hotA hai, yathA 'antare shaattkaaH|' kahIM viraha artha meM antara zabda kA prayoga hotA hai, jaise - 'anabhipreta zrotR janAntare mantrayate' arthAt aniSTa vyaktiyoM ke viraha meM mantraNA karatA hai| isa prakaraNa meM chidra, madhya aura viraha meM se koI eka artha lenaa| anupahata vIrya kA abhAva hone, para punaH usakI udbhUti honA antara hai| kisI samartha dravya kI kisI nimitta se amuka paryAya kA abhAva hone para nimittAntara se, jaba taka vaha paryAya punaH prakaTa nahIM hotI, taba taka ke kAla ko antara kahate haiM / anta zabda ke aneka artha hone para bhI 'vanaspatyantAnAmekam' meM vivakSAvaza samApti artha grahaNa karanA caahie| yaha anta zabda anekArthavAcI hai| kahIM anta zabda avayava artha meM AtA hai| jaise - vastra kA anta arthAt vastra kA eka aNsh| kahIM sAmIpya artha meM AtA hai| udakAntaM gata:' pAnI ke samIpa gyaa| kahIM avasAna meM AtA hai| jaise 'saMsArAntaM gataH' saMsAra kA anta ho gyaa| akSa zabda bhojana, sevana tathA khelane ke artha meM AtA hai| pratyaya zabda ke aneka artha hone para bhI 'labdhipratyayaM ca' sUtra meM hetu artha meM lenA caahie| kvacit jJAna artha meM pratyaya zabda AtA hai| jaise - arthAmidhAna pratyayA - artha kA jnyaan| kahIM satyatA meM AtA hai| jaise - 'pratyayaM kartuM' isameM satya karo, yaha artha hotA hai| kvacit kAraNa artha meM pratyaya zabda AtA hai - 'mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pratyaya haiM arthAt karmAdAna meM kAraNa haiN| isa sUtra meM pratyaya zabda kAraNa kA paryAyavAcI jAnanA caahie|
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________________ 76 jainavidyA - 20-21 1. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra zAstrI kI sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA dekhie| 2. nyAyakumudacandra, pra. bhAga, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI dvArA likhita prastAvanA, pRSTha 43 3. tattvArthavArtika 1.1.18 4. vahI, 1.1.12 5. vahI, 1.1.13 6. vahI, 1.1.14 7. vahI, 1.1.15 8. vahI, 1.1.16 9. vahI, 1.1.44 10. vahI, 1.6.14 11. vahI, 1.10.8-9 12. vahI, 1.32.4 13. kecittAvadAhuH jJAnAdeva mokSa iti| vahI, maMgalAcaraNa, 6 14. vahI, 1.1.45 15. vahI, 1.1.49 16. vahI, 5.18.12 17. vahI, 5.26.17 18. vahI, 7.22.10 19. vahI, 7.39.9 20. vahI, 5.22.9 21. apara Aha : kriyAta evaM mokSa iti / tattvArthavArtika 1.1.5 22. satsamprayoge puruSaSyendriyANaM buddhijanmatatpratyakSaM / vahI, 1.1.5; mI. da. 1.12.4 23. tattvArthavArtika 1.12.5 24. apUrvAkhyo dharmaH kriyayA abhivyaktaH sannamUrto'pi puruSasyopakArI vartate tathA dharmAdharmayorapi gtisthityupgrho'vseyH| vahI, 5.17.41 25. tattvArthavArtika 5.24.5 26. vahI, 1.1.8 . 27. vahI, 1.1.8 28. itare bruvate-prakRtipuruSayoranantatvaM srvgttvaaditi| vahI, 5.9.4 29. tattvArthavArtika 5.17.23 30. vahI, 5.17.41 31. vahI, 5.18.1 32. vahI, 6.10.11 33. vahI, 6.27.6 34. vahI, 1.1.6 35. vahI, 1.2.24 36. vahI, 8.1.13
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________________ jainavidyA 20-21 37. tattvArthavArtika 8.1.12-14 38. vahI, 8.1.15-27 39. anye anyathAlakSaNaM mokSaM parikalpayanti - rupavedanA saMjJA saMskAra vijJAna paMcaskandhanirodhAdabhAvo mokSaH iti / ta. vArtika 1.1, pRSTha 2 40. 'avidyApratyayAH saMskArA:' ityAdivacanaM keSAncit / vahI, 1.1.46 41. tattvArthavArtika 1.1.52 42. kecittAvadAhu: ananta lokadhAtavaH, vahI, 5.9.4 43. vahI, 5.17.24 44. vahI, 5.17.34 45. vahI, 5.17.41 - 46. vahI, 5.18.11 47. vahI, 5.19.32 48. vahI, 5.22.15 49. vahI, 6.10.11 50. vahI, 7.22.10 51. vahI, 7.39.7-8 52. vahI, 1.6.14 53. vahI, 2.8.12 54. vahI, 1.32.3 55. nyAyakumudacandra: prastAvanA, pRSTha 44 56. tattvArthavArtika 8.1.8-12 57. vahI, 8.1.13 58. 59. tattvArthavArtika 1.1.3 nyAyakumudacandra: prastAvanA, pRSTha 44 60. vahI, 1.1.21-22 61. vahI, 1.1.25 62. vahI, 1.1.27 63. vahI, 1.1.34 64. vahI, 1.1.35 65. vahI, 1.8.7-8 66. vahI, 1.22.1 67. vahI, 2.23.4 68. vahI, 2.47.1 77 jaina mandira pAsa bijanaura
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________________ 78 jainavidyA - 20-21 Asrava ke kAraNa duHkhazokatApAkandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparobhayasthAni asdvedysy| pIDAlakSaNaH pariNAmo duHkham ||1||virodhidrvyopnipaataabhilssitviyogaa'nissttnisstthr zravaNAdibAhyasAdhanApekSAt asavedyodayAdutpadyamAnaH pIDAlakSaNaH pariNAmo duHkhmityaakhyaayte| anugrAhakasambandhavicchede vaiklavyavizeSaH zokaH // 2 // anugrAhakasya bAndhavAdeH saMbandhavicchede tadgatAzayasya cintAkhedalakSaNaH pariNAmo vaiklavyavizeSo mohakarmavizeSazokodayApekSaH zoka ityucyte| parivAdAdinimittAdAvilAntaHkaraNasya tiivraanushystaapH||3|| parivAdaH paribhavaH , paruSavacanazravaNAdinimittApekSayA kaluSAntaHkaraNasya tIvrAnuzayaH pariNAmaH tApa itybhidhiiyte| paritApajAzrupAtapracuravilApAdyabhivyaktaM krandanamAkrandanam // 4 // paritApanimittenA-zrupAtapracuravilApenAGgavikArAdinA cAbhivyaktaM krandanamAkrandanaM prtyetvym| AyurindriyavalaprANaviyogakaraNaM vdhH||5|| bhAvadhAraNakAraNasyAyuSaH rUpAdigrahaNanimittAnAm indriyANAM kAyAdivargaNAlambanabalasyocchvAsaniHzvAsalakSaNasya ca prANasya parasparato viyogakaraNaM vadha ityvdhaaryte| saMklezapravaNaM svaparAnugrahAbhilASaviSayamanukampAprAyaM privdevnm||6|| saMklezapariNAmAlambanaM svaparAnugrahAbhilASaviSayam anukampApracuraM paridevanamiti pribhaassyte| ___ tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6.11 . Atmastha, parastha aura ubhaya meM honevAle duHkha, zoka (Atapa, krandana, vadha, paridevana) Adi asAtA vedanIya ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| virodhI padArthoM kA milanA, iSTa kA viyoga, aniSTa-saMyoga aura niSThara vacana Adi bAhya kAraNoM kI apekSA se tathA asAtA vedanIya ke udaya se honevAlA pIr3A lakSaNa pariNAma duHkha hai| anugraha karanevAle bandhu Adi se viccheda ho jAne para usakA bAra-bAra vicAra karake jo cintA, kheda aura vikalatA Adi mohakarma vizeSa zoka ke udaya se hote haiM ve zoka haiN| paribhavakArI kaThora vacana ke sunane Adi se kaluSa cittavAle vyakti ke bhItara hI bhItara tIvra jalana yA anuzaya pariNAma hote haiM ve tApa haiN| paritApa ke kAraNa azrupAta, aMgavikAra - mAthA phor3anA, chAtI kUTanA Adi pUrvaka jo ronA hai vaha Akrandana hai| Ayu, indriya, bala aura prANa Adi kA vighAta karanA vadha hai| atisaMklezapUrvaka aisA ronA-pITanA jise sunakara svayaM apane tathA dUsare ko dayA A jAya paridevana hai| anu. - pro. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 79 tattvArtharAjavArtika aura karmabandha ke pratyaya - DaoN. ( zrImatI) kusuma paToriyA karmabandha kI prakriyA meM 'mithyAtva kI bhUmikA' kA prazna kucha varSoM se carcA kA viSaya banA huA hai / yadyapi mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ko bandha ke hetu, sAmAnya pratyaya tathA mUla pratyaya kahA gayA hai, tathApi 'mithyAtva kI karmabandha kI bhUmikA' carcA meM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prakRti va pradeza-bandha yoga ke nimitta se tathA sthiti va anubhAga-bandha kaSAya ke nimitta se kahe gaye haiN| yadyapi AcArya akalaMka ne virata ke bhI pramAda saMbhava hone ke kAraNa tathA avirati aura kaSAya meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva hone se unheM pRthak mAnane kA samarthana kiyA hai, tathApi samayasAra aura dhavalA TIkA meM pramAda kA saMjvalana kaSAya kI tIvrodaya kI avasthA hone ke kAraNa kaSAya meM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| avirati bhI kaSAya meM antarbhUta ho sakatI hai| ataH mithyAtva hI bandha-pratyaya kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya bacatA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne rAjavArtika meM isa viSaya kA jo vivecana kiyA hai, usakA vimarza isa lekha kA pratipAdya hai / yahA~ guNasthAnoM ke anusAra mithyAtvAdi hetuoM kA vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prathama guNasthAna meM arthAt mithyAdRSTi jIva ke mithyAtva Adi prakRtiyoM ke baMdha meM pA~coM milakara hetu haiN| dUsare, tIsare va cauthe guNasthAnoM meM mithyAtva ko chor3akara zeSa cAra hetu haiM, kyoMki vahA~ mithyAtva kA abhAva hai| pA~caveM guNasthAna meM bhI ye cAroM hI hetu haiM / pramattasaMyata nAmaka chaThe guNasthAna meM pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye tIna hetu haiM / apramattasaMyata se sUkSmasAmparAya
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 arthAt sAtaveM se lekara dasaveM guNasthAna taka kaSAya aura yoga hetu haiN| isake kaSAyoM ke upazama vakSaya arthAt abhAva ke kAraNa kevala yoga hI bandha kA hetu hai| caudahavA~ guNasthAna ayogakevalI kA hone se yoga kA bhI abhAva hai, ataH vahA~ kisI prakAra kA bandha nahIM hai / bandha ke samasta tuoM kA abhAva hai|' 80 vastutaH prakRti, pradeza, sthiti va anubhAgarUpa bandha ke cAra prakAroM meM antima do hI mukhya haiM / Agama meM eka samaya ke bandha ko bandha hI nahIM kahA gayA hai| eka samaya ke bandha ko dIvAra para pheMkI gaI muTThIbhara reta ke samAna kahA gayA hai, jo dIvAra se ba~dhatI hI nahIM hai / sambandha kI sthiti sthitibandha ke binA nahIM hotI aura anubhAga sukha-duHkha ke vipAka meM nimitta hai| ata: sthiti aura anubhAga bandha hI pramukha haiM aura inakA kAraNa kaSAya hai / AcArya akalaMka kahate haiM ki mithyAdarzana Adi ke Aveza se Ardra AtmA meM cAroM ora se yogavizeSa se karmayogya pudgaloM kA avibhAgAtmaka bandha ho jAtA hai| yoga aura kaSAya se hI pudgaloM kA karmarUpa pariNamana hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki yoga aura kaSAya hI bandha ke pramukha kAraNa haiM / gyArahaveM, bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNasthAna meM jo kaSAyarahita mAtra yogakRta Asrava va bandha hai, usakA kAraNa vahA~ kaSAya kA abhAva hai / ' kaSAya se sthiti va anubhAga baMdha ke niyama meM yaha apavAda hai| ina guNasthAnoM meM baMdha kA hetu ekamAtra yoga hai| anyatra arthAt prathama se dasaveM sthAna taka prakRti- pradeza bandha kA hetu yoga tathA sthiti- anubhAga baMdha kA hetu kaSAya hai / mithyAtva Adi solaha prakRtiyA~ mithyAtva pratyaya se bandha ko prApta hotI haiM / " mithyAtva ke udaya ke binA inakA baMdha nahIM hotA / jaba mithyAtva kA udaya ho, to zeSa pandraha prakRtiyA~ ba~dhe hI, aisA niyama nahIM hai / ataH mithyAtva kA udaya inake udaya meM sAmAnya kAraNa hai / karma-bandha ke sAmAnya / asAmAnya do prakAra ke kAraNa kahe gaye haiM / sAmAnya yogyatA hone para hI bandha ke vizeSa kAraNa hone para bandha hogA / mithyAtvAdi aise hI sAmAnya pratyaya haiM / sAmAnya pratyaya bandha ke udaya meM apekSita hote haiN| mithyAtva guNasthAna meM ba~dhanevAlI sabhI prakRtiyoM ke bandha kA sAmAnya kAraNa mithyAtva hai / prAkRta paMcasaMgraha meM mithyAtva kI pradhAnatA se bandha kahA hai / " tathA kaSAya kI vRddhi hAni se sthiti va anubhAga kI vRddhi hAni tathA yoga kI vRddhihAni se pradezabandha kI vRddhi-hAni kahI gaI hai| utkRSTa sthiti-bandha kA kAraNa tIvra saMkleza hotA hai| tIvra saMkleza kaSAya kI tIvratA se hI hotA hai| mithyAtva kI sthiti bhI anantAnubandhI kaSAya kI tIvratA aura mandatA para nirbhara hai| mithyAtva ke udaya meM anantAnubandhI kaSAya kI tIvratA meM mithyAtva kI utkRSTa sthiti kA bandha hotA hai / mithyAtva ke sAtha udaya meM rahanevAlI anantAnubandhI kaSAya dvividha zaktisaMyukta kahI gaI hai / isI kAraNa yaha samyaktva aura samyak cAritra donoM kA ghAta karatI hai / tattvArthavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki ananta mithyAdarzana ko bA~dhane ke kAraNa anantAnubandhI yaha kaSAya kI anvartha saMjJA hai / yaha kaSAya mithyAdarzanarUpI phala ko sampAdita kara mithyAdarzana
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________________ 81 jainavidyA - 20-21 ko hI praveza karAtI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki tattvArthavArtika ke anusAra mithyAtva ke sthitibaMdha kA kAraNa bhI kaSAya hI hai| sAsAdana guNasthAna meM anantAnubandhI ke udaya se mithyAtva ke abhAva meM bhI isake tInoM jJAna ajJAna kahe jAte haiM arthAt anantAnubandhI kaSAya ke udaya se hI usakA jJAna mithyAjJAna kahalAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM ye paMktiyA~ haiM - 'anantasaMsArakAraNatvAnmithyAdarzanamanantam / tadanubandhino'nantAnubandhinaH krodhmaanmaayaalobhaaH|' isake pazcAt tattvArthasUtra kI anya TIkAoM meM bhI yaha sarvatra uddhRta hai| isameM se dUsarI paMkti ke pramukha rUpa se do prakAra ke artha kiye gaye haiN| usa mithyAtva kA anugamana karanevAlI athavA usakA Azraya pAkara ba~dhanevAlI krodha-mAna-mAyA-moha anantAnubandhI kaSAyeM haiM / isa artha meM anantAnubandhI kaSAya ko mithyAtva kI sahacarI, anuvartinI kahA gayA hai| ___ dUsare artha meM ananta mithyAdarzana ko bA~dhanevAlI kaSAyeM anantAnubandhI haiN| tattvArthavArtika meM to spaSTa hI kahA hai ki vaha kaSAya mithyAdarzanarUpI phaloM ko utpanna kara mithyAdarzana kA praveza karAtI hai| isa prakAra kaSAya hI mithyAtva ke udaya meM mithyAtva ke bandha kA kAraNa mAnI gaI hai| ___ mithyAtvAdi sAmAnya tathA kaSAya va yoga vizeSa pratyaya haiM / sAmAnya pratyaya ke hone para bandha rUpa kArya ho hI, aisA nahIM, kintu vizeSa pratyaya ke sadbhAva meM kArya kI niSpatti avazya hotI hai| tIrthaMkara prakRti ke bandha ke lie samyagdarzana honA anivArya hai, parantu samyagdarzana tIrthaMkara prakRti ke bandha kA hetu nahIM hai| AcAryoM ne bandha ke do bheda mAne haiM / rAjavArtika meM bandha ke dravyabandha va bhAvabandha donoM bhedoM kA nirdeza hai|15 padagala vargaNAoM kA karma ke rUpa pariNata ho AtmA ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAha honA dravyabandha hai| usake dvArA krodhAdi pariNAmoM ke vazIbhUta honA bhAvabandha hai / tattvArthasUtra meM AThaveM adhyAya ke prathama sUtra meM mithyAtvAdi ko bandha hetu kaha dene ke bAda jo dUsarA sUtra diyA gayA hai, vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| dUsare sUtra meM 'sakaSayAtvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH' kahA gayA hai| isa sUtra meM jo kaSAya kA punargrahaNa hai, usake viSaya meM AcArya akalaMka kahate haiM bandhahetuoM meM kaSAya kA vizeSa mahattva hai, isIlie bandha ke hetuoM meM nirdiSTa hokara bhI yahA~ punargrahaNa kiyA gayA hai / kaSAyoM kI tIvra, manda va madhya sthiti se hI sthiti aura anubhAga hote haiN| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtrakAra va rAjavArtikakAra donoM hI kaSAya ko hI bandha kA vizeSa pratyaya kahate haiM / isa sUtra meM sakaSAyatvAt' meM kaSAya kA punaH ullekha vizeSa pratipatti hetu mAnA hai - vishessprtipttyrthm| samyagdarzanAdi mokSa kA kAraNa hai, to mithyAtva saMsAra kA kaarnn|" isIlie use ananta saMsAra kA kAraNa ananta kahA hai / isa ananta saMsAra ke kAraNa ananta mithyAtva kA kAraNa hai karmabandha aura karmabandha kA vizeSa pratyaya hai kaSAya / tattvArthavArtika ke vivecana kA yahI niSkRSArtha hai|
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________________ 82 jainavidyA - 20-21 1. (a) tattvArthasUtra 8/1 mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdayogA bndhhetvH| (A) samayasAra gA.109 - sAmaNNapaccayA khalu cauro bhaNNaMti bNdhkttaaro| micchattaM aviramaNaM kasAya jogA ya boddhavvA // (i) dhavalA TIkA pustaka 8, pR. 20 micchattAsaMjamakasAyajogA idi ete cattAri muulpccyaa| 2. akiMcitkara, eka anuzIlana, akiMcitkara-AcArya vidyAsAgara, karmabandha kI prakriyA meM mithyAtva va kaSAya kI bhUmikA aadi| 3. tattvArtharAjavArtika - prakRtibandha pradezabandha H ityetau dvau yoganimittau veditavyau / sthitibandho'nubhavabandhaH ityetau dvAvapi kaSAyahetukau prtyetvyau| 8/4, pR. 567 dhavalA pustaka 12, pR. 289- jogA payaDipadese TThidi-aNubhAge kasAyado kunndi| karmakANDa 257 - jogA payaDipadesA ThidiaNUbhAgA kasAyado hoMti // 4. tattvArtharAjavArtika 8.1 5. dhavalA 7, pR. 11 - ko pamAdo NAma? cadusaMjalaNa-NavaNokasAyANaM tivvodo| caduNhaM baMdhakAraNANaM majjhe kattha pamAdassaMtavbhAvo? kasAyesu, ksaayvdirittpmaadaannuvlNbhaado| 6. tattvArtharAjavArtika 8.1, pR. 564 tatra mithyAdRSTe pancApi samaditAH bndhhetvH|....." upazAntakSINakaSAyasayogakevalinAM eka eva yogH| ayogakevalI abndhhetuH| 7. dhavalA pustaka 13, pR. 54 - tassa TThidi-aNubhAgabaMdhAbhAveNa sukkakuDupakkhittavAluvamuTThi vva jIvasaMbaMdhavidiyasamae ceva NivadaMsassa bNdhvvesvirohaado|' 8. tattvArtharAjavArtika 6.3 - anubhAgabandho hi prdhaanbhuutH| tannimittatvAt sukh-du:kh-vipaaksy| 9. vahI, 8.1 tathA 9.2 - kevalenaiva yogena savedyasyopazAntakSINakaSAyasayoginAM bandho. 10. dhavalA, pustaka 8, pR 76 - solasakammANi micchattapaccayANi, micchattodayeNa viNA edesiM bNdhaabhaavaado| 11. gAthA 488.9 12. tattvArtharAjavArtika 9.1, pR. 589 - tasya (sAsAdanaguNasthAnavartinaH jIvasya) mithyAdarzanodayAbhAve'pi anantAnubandhyudayAt trINi jJAnAni ajJAnAni eva bhvnti| ata evAsyAnvartha-saMjJA-anantaM mithyAdarzanaM tdnubndhnaadnntaanubndhiiti| sahi mithyAdarzanodaya phalamAyAdayan mithyAdarzanameva prveshyti| 13. karmabandha kI prakriyA meM mithyAtva va kaSAya kI bhUmikA, DaoN. devendrakumAra shaastrii| 14. tattvArtharAjavArtika 9.1, pR. 586 15. vahI, 2.10 bandho dvividho dravyabandho bhaavbndhshceti| tatra dravyabandhaH karmanokarmapariNataH pudgldrvyvissyH| tatkRtaH krodhAdipariNAmavazIkRto bhaavbndhH| 16. vahI, 9.2 17. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - micchattasallaviddhA tivvAo vedaNAo vedaMti / visalittakaMDaviddhA jaha purisA NippaDIyArA // 73 // tathA - yadIyapratyanIkAni bhavanti bhvpddhtiH| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 AjAda cauka, sadara, nAgapura
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 83 'tattvArthavArtika' meM pratipAdita mAnavIya mUlya - DaoN. surendrakumAra jaina 'bhAratI' zrIyut vinobA bhAve kA kathana hai, "purAne zabdoM para naye arthoM kI kalama lagAnA hI vicArakrAnti kI sarvazreSTha praNAlI hai|" jaina nyAyavidyA ke apratima AcArya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne AcArya zrI umAsvAmI dvArA viracita 'tattvArthasUtra' grantha para 'tattvArthavArtika' likhakara mUla grantha ke bhAva evaM artha ko janagrAhya banAne kI dizA meM apanA ullekhanIya yogadAna kiyA hai| ise vinobA bhAve ke kathanAnusAra vicArakrAnti kI sarvazreSTha praNAlI kahA aura mAnA jAnA caahie| 'mAnavIya mUlya' tattvArthavArtika meM khoje jAyeM isake pUrva yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki mAnavIya arthAt 'mAnava sambandhI" mUlya arthAt racanA ke bhItara vartamAna rahanevAlA aisA uddezya jo use kisI sAmAjika Adarza, vyaktigata uccatA Adi se jor3e; 'mAnavIya mUlya' kahalAtA hai| "mAnavIya saMvedanA hara hAlata meM naitika-bodha (arthAt mAnava-mUlya) se jur3I rahatI hai, bhale hI sAdhAraNa vyakti ko isakA jJAna na ho; parantu sAhityakAra kI saMvedanA apekSAkRta adhika sUkSma hotI hai; kyoMki usameM sacetana naitika bodha rahatA hai|''3 sAhityakAroM ke lie manuSya aura usake hAva-bhAva-guNa sadaiva adhyayana ke viSaya rahe haiN| vaise bhI "sAhitya manuSya kA hI kRtitva hai aura mAnavIya cetanA ke bahuvidha pratyuttaroM (Responses) meM se eka mahattvapUrNa pratyuttara hai|''4 ata: mAnavIya mUlyoM se sAhitya kA baca pAnA asaMbhava hI hotA hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 pAzcAtya vicAraka Askara bAilDa bhale hI naitika mUlyAnurAga ko lekhaka kI zailI kA akSamya ADambara mAne kintu bhAratIya aura vizeSakara AdhyAtmika lekhakoM ke lie naitika mUlyAnurAga chor3a pAnA sarala nahIM hai| zrI bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kI dRSTi meM sAre prayatna sukha ke lie haiM - "sarveSAM prANinAM parispandaH sukha prAptyartha: kintu yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kisake sukha ke lie? mAnavavAdI bhI vyaktisvAtaMtrya kI bAta karate haiM kintu vahA~ bhI yahI prazna uThatA hai ki kisakA svAtaMtrya? to eka hI uttara milatA hai - aatm-svaatNtry| 'tattvArthavArtika' meM maMgalAcaraNa kI TIkA meM zrI bhaTTa akalaMkadeva svayaM likhate haiM ki - ___ "saMsAriNaH puruSasya sarveSvartheSu mokSaH pradhAnam pradhAne ca kRto yatnaH phalavAn bhavati tasmAntanmArgopadezaH kAryaH tdrthtvaat| arthAt saMsArI AtmA ke dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa; ina cAra puruSArthoM meM antima (mokSa) pradhAnabhUta paruSArtha hai ata: usakI prApti ke lie mokSamArga kA upadeza karanA hI caahie| kintu yaha binA manuSya ko AdhAra banAye saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki manuSya paryAya se hI mokSa lAbha hotA hai - "manuSyadehasya crmtvm|" manuSya kI isa zakti ko jainadarzana hI nahIM balki anya darzana bhI svIkAra karate haiM - 'mahAbhArata' meM vyAsajI likhate haiM - "guhyaM brahma tadidaM vo bramomi, nahiM mAnuSAt zreSThatam hi kiNcit|" arthAt - maiM tumheM brahma kA rahasya kahatA hU~, manuSya se zreSTha kucha bhI nahIM hai| brahmapurANa ke anusAra - jo manuSya kara sakatA hai vaha surAsura bhI nahIM kara skte| ___ sAMkhyavRtti ke anusAra sRSTi ke SaDvidhabhedoM meM manuSya uttama hai - "devAdi SaDvidhAya syAt saMsAraH karma, suro'suro naraH preto naarkstiryrksttaa|" AcArya akalaMkadeva kI dRSTi meM, "dharmArtha kAmamokSalakSaNAni kAryANi nRNanti nayantIti narAH' arthAt dharma, artha, kAma, mokSarUpa cAra puruSArthoM kA nayana karane vAle 'nara' hote haiM / zakti kI dRSTi se "manuSya apane meM svataH sArthaka aura mUlyavAn hai - vaha Antarika zaktiyoM se sampanna, cetana stara para apanI niyati ke nirmANa ke lie svataH nirNaya lene vAlA prANI hai|'' zrI sumitrAnandana paMta kI dRSTi meM - dharmanIti au sadAcAra kA, mUlyAMkana hai jnhit|| ataH manuSya meM hI mAnavocita guNoM kA vikAsa kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| isI vicAradhArA ke pariprekSya meM 'mAnavavAda' ubharakara sAmane AyA, jo pAralaukika mUlyoM ke sthAna para ihalaukika mUlyoM ko sthAna dene lgaa| paMtajI lokAyatana meM ghoSita karate haiM ki - mAnava divya sphuliMga cirantana, vaha na deza kA nazvara rjknn| dezakAla se use na bandhana, mAnava kA paricaya maanvpn||
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 85 'paMcavaTI' meM guptajI ke svara bhI yahI the - bhava meM nava vaibhava prApta karAne aayaa| nara kI IzvaratA prApta karAne aayaa|| sandeza yahA~ maiM nahIM svarga kA laayaa| isa bhUtala ko hI svarga banAne aayaa| vAlTara lipamAna ne mAnava kI buddhi, viveka evaM zrama dvArA uttama jIvana kI khoja ko mAnavavAda khaa| 'mAnavavAda' kA vizleSaNa karate hue DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI ne likhA ki - "mAnavavAda ke udayakAla meM Izvara jaisI kisI mAnavopari sattA yA usake pratinidhi dharmAcAryoM ko naitika mUlyoM kA adhinAyaka na mAnakara manuSya ko hI ina mUlyoM kA vidhAyaka mAnane kI pravRtti vikasita hone lagI thii|10 ise mAnavIya gaurava kA nAma diyA jAne lgaa| "mAnavIya gaurava kA artha hai ki manuSya ko svataMtra, saceta, dAyitvayukta mAnA jAya, jo apanI niyati, apane itihAsa kA nirmAtA ho sakatA hai| isake lie usake viveka aura manobala ko sarvopari aura aparAjeya mAnA jaay|"17 mAnavIya garimA ke prati sabhI astitvavAdI cintaka evaM racanAkAra pUrI taraha sajaga haiN| DaoN. bhAratI antarAtmA kI pahacAna manuSya kI saMvedanazIlatA se mAnate haiM; ve likhate haiM ki - "antarAtmA mAnavIya antara meM sthita koI daivI yA ati prAkRtika zakti na hokara vastutaH mAnavIya garimA ke prati hamArI saMvedanazIlatA kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai aura manuSya ke gaurava ko pratiSThita karane aura usakI nirantara rakSA karane ke prati hamArI jAgarUkatA hI hamArI jAgRta antarAtmA kA pramANa hai|"13 isa antarAtmA kI pahacAna, usakI sattA kA AbhAsa Atmazakti ke parijJAna se hogA aura tabhI mAnavIya mUlyoM yA guNoM kI pahacAna saMbhava hogii| 'ajJeya' kI yaha kavitA hameM usI Atmazakti kA AbhAsa karAtI hai jisa Atmazakti ke bala para AtmajJAna yA AtmalAbha yA mokSaprApti kA lakSya tattvArthavArtikakAra ko abhipreta hai - zakti asIma hai, maiM zakti kA eka aNu hU~, maiM bhI asIma huuN| eka asIma bUMda - asIma samudra ko apane bhItara pratibimbita karatI hai, eka asIma aNu - usa asIma zakti ko jo use prerita karatI hai apane bhItara samA lenA cAhatA hai| ukta mAnava sambandhI vivecana meM jahA~ laukika aura bhautika dharAtala para manuSya ko khar3A karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai vahIM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kI vicAradhArA prANI (mAnava) ko bhautika dharAtala se AdhyAtmika dharAtala para khar3A karanA cAhatI hai kyoMki unake vicAroM ke pIche
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 44 'saMsAra - sAgara meM DUbate hue aneka prANiyoM ke uddhAra kI puNya 1115 (unake hI anusAra) bhAvanA hai ''15 jo prathama sUtra 'samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArga : 16 se antima sUtra taka calatI hai / ata: unhoMne unhIM mAnavIya mUlyoM ko 'tatvArthavArtika' meM sthAna diyA hai jo mAnava ko mAnavatA ke carama lakSya mokSa taka pahu~cA sakeM / tattvArthavArtika meM pratipAdita mAnavIya mUlya isaprakAra haiM 86 - madya-mAMsa-madhu kA niSedha trasa-ghAtakI nivRtti ke lie madhu aura mAMsa ko sadA ke liye chor3a denA cAhie / pramAda ke nAza karane ke lie hitAhita viveka ko naSTa karane vAlI mohakArI madirA kA tyAga karanA atyAvazyaka hai| 7 viveka kI rakSA, ahiMsApAlana aura krUratA se bacAva ke lie madya-mAMsamadhu kA niSedha kara svaparopakAra karanA cAhie / - parasparopagraha " AcArya umAsvAmI ke anusAra- 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm "8 arthAt jIva paraspara upakAra karate haiN| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne isa sUtra ko mAnavIya mUlya ke rUpa meM rakhA hai| unake anusAra 'paraspara zabda karma vyatihAra arthAt kriyA ke AdAna-pradAna ko kahatA hai / svAmIsevaka, guru-ziSya Adi rUpa se vyavahAra parasparopagraha hai| svAmI rupayA dekara tathA sevaka hita pratipAdana aura ahita pratiSedha ke dvArA paraspara upakAra karate haiN| guru ubhayaloka kA hitakArI mArga dikhAkara tathA AcaraNa karAke aura ziSya guru kI anukUlavRtti se paraspara ke upakAra meM pravRtta hote haiN|" svopakAra aura paropakAra ko anugraha kahate haiM / puNya kA saMcaya svopakAra hai. aura pAtra kI samyagjJAna Adi kI vRddhi paropakAra hai| 20 maitrI sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda svAmI ne "pareSAM duHkhAnutpattyabhilASI maitrI "21 arthAt dUsaroM ko duHkha na ho - aisI abhilASA rakhane ko maitrI kahA hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne mana, vacana, kAya, kRta, kArita, anumodana; hara prakAra se dUsare ko duHkha na hone dene kI abhilASA ko maitrI kahA hai / 22 isake lie nimna bhAvanA bhAnI cAhie - kSamayAmi sarva jIvAn kSAmyAmi sarvajIvebhyaH, prItirye sarvasattvaiH vairaM me na kenacit // 3 arthAt maiM saba jIvoM ke prati kSamAbhAva rakhatA hU~, saba jIva mujhe kSamA kareM; merI saba jIvoM se prIti hai, kisI se vaira nahIM hai; ityAdi prakAra kI maitrI bhAvanA saba jIvoM meM karanI caahie| pramoda mukha kI prasannatA, netra kA AhlAda, romAJca, stuti, sadguNa-kIrtana Adi ke dvArA prakaTa hone vAlI antaraMga kI bhakti aura rAga pramoda hai / 24 samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritrAdhika guNIjanoM kI vandanA, stuti, sevA Adi ke dvArA pramoda bhAvanA bhAnI caahie| 25
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 87 anukampA ___ "sarva prANiSu maitrI anukampA'126 arthAt prANImAtra meM maitrIbhAva anukampA hai| yaha sarAga samyagdRSTi kA guNa mAnA gayA hai| dayAI vyakti kA dUsare kI pIr3A ko apanI hI pIr3A samajhakara ka~pa jAnA anukampA hai / isake do bheda haiM - 1. bhUtAnukampA aura 2. vratI anukmpaa|" isa viSaya meM 'ajJeya' kA mata hai ki anukampA kI bhAvanA rakhane se vyakti dUsaroM ko duHkha dene se bacatA hai| darda sabako mA~jatA hai aura, jinheM vaha mA~jatA hai unheM yaha sIkha detA hai ki sabako mukta rkheN| karuNA "dInAnugraha bhAvaH kAruNyam" arthAt dInoM para dayAbhAva rakhanA kAruNya hai / zarIra aura mAnasa du:khoM se pIr3ita dIna prANiyoM para anugraharUpa bhAva kAruNya hai| mohAbhibhUta, kumati, kuzruta aura vibhaMgajJAnayukta viSaya-tRSNA se jalanevAle hitAhita meM viparIta pravRtti karanevAle, vividha 'duHkhoM se pIr3ita dIna, anAtha, kRpaNa, bAla-vRddha Adi klizyamAna jIvoM meM karuNA bhAva rakhanA caahie|" mAdhyastha "rAga-dveSapUrvaka pakSapAtAbhAvo mAdhyasthama' arthAt rAga-dveSapUrvaka pakSapAta na karanA mAdhyastha hai| rAga-dveSapUrvaka kisI eka pakSa meM na par3ane ke bhAva ko mAdhyastha yA taTastha bhAva kahate haiN| grahaNa, dhAraNa, vijJAna aura UhApoha se rahita mahAmohAbhibhUta viparIta dRSTi aura viruddhavRttivAle prANiyoM meM mAdhyastha kI bhAvanA rakhanI caahie| vAtsalya ___ jinapraNIta dharmAmRta se nitya anurAga karanA vAtsalya hai - "jina praNIta dharmAmRte nityAnurAgatA vaatslym|'33 jaise gAya apane bachar3e se akRtrima sneha karatI hai usI taraha dhArmikajana ko dekhakara sneha se ota-prota ho jAnA pravacanavAtsalya hai| jo dhArmikoM meM sneha hai, vahI to pravacanasneha hai| vaiyAvRttya ___ guNavAn sAdhuoM para Aye hue kaSTa-roga Adi ko nirdoSa vidhi se haTA denA, unakI sevA Adi karanA bahu upakArI vaiyAvRttya hai| bAla, vRddha aura tapasvIjanoM kI vaiyAvRttya ko sAtAvedanIya kA Asrava mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA __ahiMsA" sabhI vratoM meM pradhAna hai| prANoM ke viyoga karane se prANI kI hiMsA hotI hai| prANa viyoga hone para AtmA ko hI duHkha hotA hai ata: hiMsA hai, aura adharma hai| dharma ke nAma para bhI hiMsA ucita nahIM hai| prAcInakAla meM dharma ke nAma para hiMsA hotI thI; aisI hiMsA kA pratipAdana karane vAloM ko bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne ajJAnI kahA hai| prANivadha to pApa kA hI sAdhana
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________________ 88 jainavidyA - 20-21 ho sakatA hai, dharma kA nahIM / Agama kI dRSTi se bhI yaha ucita nahIM; kyoMki Agama samasta prANiyoM ke hita kA anuzAsana karatA hai / hiMsaka nitya udvigna rahatA hai, satata usake vairI rahate haiM, yahIM vaha baMdha, kleza ko pAtA hai aura marakara azubhagati meM jAtA hai, loka meM nindanIya hotA hai, ataH hiMsA se virakta honA kalyANakArI hai| hiMsA virakti se manuSyAyu kA Asrava hotA hai|42 prANirakSA ko saMyama bhI mAnA hai / ata: ahiMsA AcaraNIya hai| kSamA zarIra-yAtrA ke lie para ghara jAte samaya bhikSu ko duSTajanoM ke dvArA gAlI, ha~sI, avajJA, tAr3ana, zarIra-chedana Adi krodha ke asahya nimitta milane para bhI kaluSatA kA na honA uttama kSamA hai| vrata, zIla kA rakSaNa, ihaloka aura paraloka meM duHkha kA na honA aura samasta jagata meM sammAna, satkAra honA Adi kSamA ke guNa haiN| dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA nAza karanA Adi krodha ke doSa haiM; yaha vicArakara kSamA dhAraNa karanA caahie| kSamA ko padmalezyA kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai|46 mArdava ___ "mRdobhaviH karma vA mArdavam, svabhAvena mArdavaM svabhAva mArdavaM' arthAt svAbhAvika mRdu svabhAva mArdava hai| uttama jAti, kula, rUpa, vijJAna, aizvarya, zrutalAbha aura zakti se yukta hokara bhI inakA mada nahIM karanA, dUsare ke dvArA parAbhava ke nimitta upasthita kiye jAne para bhI abhimAna nahIM honA mArdava hai|48 nirabhimAnI aura mArdavaguNa yukta vyakti para guruoM kA anugraha hotA hai| sAdhujana bhI use sAdhu mAnate haiN| ... ahaMkAra samasta vipadAoM kI jar3a hai| ataH mArdava bhAva rakhanA caahie| mArdava se manuSyAyu kA Asrava hotA hai| vinaya samasta sampadAyeM vinayamUlaka haiM; yaha puruSa kA bhUSaNa hai| yaha saMsAra-samudra se pAra utArane ke lie naukA ke samAna hai| isake cAra bheda haiM - "jJAnadarzanacAritropacArAH' arthAt jJAnavinaya, darzanavinaya, cAritravinaya aura upacAravinaya / jJAnalAbha, AcAra vizuddhi aura samyag ArAdhanA Adi kI siddhi vinaya se hotI hai aura anta meM mokSasukha bhI isI se milatA hai ata: vinayabhAva avazya hI rakhanA caahie| vinaya se sAtAvedanIya evaM manuSyAyu kA Asrava hotA hai| Arjava mana, vacana aura kAya meM kuTilatA na honA Arjava arthAt saralatA hai| sarala hRdaya guNoM kA AvAsa hai / ... mAyAcArI kI nindyagati hotI hai| sAdhuoM ke viSaya meM kahate haiM ki apane mana meM doSoM ko adhika samaya taka na rakhakara niSkapaTa vRtti se bAlaka kI taraha saralatApUrvaka doSa nivedana karane meM na to ye doSa hote haiM aura na anya hii| Arjava ko sAtAvedanIya" aura manuSyAyu kA Asrava mAnA gayA hai|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 89 satya ___ satjanoM se sAdhuvacana bolanA satya hai| sabhI guNa-sampadAyeM satya vaktA meM pratiSThita hotI haiM / jhUThe kA baMdhujana bhI tiraskAra karate haiN| usake koI mitra nahIM rhte| jihvA-chedana, sarvasvaharaNa Adi daNDa use bhugatane par3ate haiN| 2 satyavAditA, pItalezyA kA lakSaNa hai| satya, hita, mita bolanA zubha vAgyoga hai| jo vacana pIr3AkArI haiM ve bhI anRta haiN| mithyAbhASI kA koI vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| vaha yahIM jihvAbheda Adi daNDa bhugatatA hai| jinake sambandha meM jhUTha bolatA hai, ve bhI usake vairI ho jAte haiM isalie unase bhI aneka ApattiyA~ AtI haiM, ataH asatya bolane se virakta honA kalyANakArI hai|66 zauca Atyantika lobha kI nivRtti ko zauca kahate haiN| zuci kA bhAva yA karma zauca hai| jo pUrNa manonigraha meM asamartha haiM unheM paravastuoM sambandhI aniSTa vicAroM kI zAnti ke lie zauca dharma kA upadeza hai| yaha lobha kI nivRtti ke lie hai| zuci AcAra vAle nirlobha vyakti kA isa loka meM sammAna hotA hai| vizvAsa Adi guNa usameM rahate haiN| lobhI ke hRdaya meM guNa nahIM rhte| vaha isa loka aura paraloka meM aneka ApattiyoM aura durgati ko prApta hotA hai| dAna anugraha ke lie dhana kA tyAga dAna hai - "anugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam 69 bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke anusAra - "svasyaparAnugraha-buddhyA atisarjanaM dAnam' arthAt apanI vastu kA para ke anugraha ke lie tyAga karanA dAna hai| para kI prIti ke lie apanI vastu ko denA tyAga hai / AhAra dene se pAtra ko usa dina prIti hotI hai| abhayadAna se usa bhava kA du:kha chUTatA hai ataH pAtra ko santoSa hotA hai| jJAnadAna to aneka sahasra bhavoM ke duHkha se chuTakArA dilAne vAlA hai; ye tInoM vidhipUrvaka diye gaye tyAga kahalAte haiN| kisI se visaMvAda na karanA dAtA kI vizeSatA hai| dAnazIlatA manuSyAyu kA Asrava hai| santoSa jaise pAnI se samudra kA bar3avAnala zAnta nahIM hotA usI taraha parigraha se AzA-samudra kI tRpti nahIM ho sktii| yaha AzA kA gaDDhA duSpUra hai isakA bharanA kaThina hai| pratidina jo usameM DAlA jAtA hai vahI samAkara phira mu~ha bAne lagatA hai| zarIra Adi se mamatvazUnya vyakti parama santoSa ko prApta hotA hai| anya mAnavIya mUlya zrI bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne 'tattvArthavArtika' meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM aneka mAnavIya mUlyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM jIvana meM sthAna dene se vyakti meM guNAtmaka vikAsa hotA hai; yathA - dRr3ha mitratA, dayAlutA, svakAryapaTutA, sarvadharmadarzitva, pANDitya, gurudevatA pUjanaruci, nirvaira, vItarAgatA, zatru ke bhI doSoM para dRSTi na denA, nindA na karanA, pApakAryoM se udAsInatA, zreyomArga ruci, caitya-guru-zAstra-pUjA, prakRti bhadratA, sukhasamAcAra kahane kI ruci, reta kI rekhA ke samAna
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 krodha Adi, sarala vyavahAra, alpArambha, alpaparigraha, duSTakAryoM se nivRtti, svAgata-tatparatA, kama bolanA, prakRti-madhuratA, lokayAtrAnugraha, audAsInyavRtti, IrSyArahita pariNAma, alpasaMkleza, kApotapIta lezyArUpa pariNAma, maraNakAla meM dharmadhyAnapariNati", kalyANamitra saMsarga, AyatanasevA, saddharmazravaNa, svagauravadarzana, nirdoSa proSadhopavAsa, tapa kI bhAvanA, bahuzrutatva, AgamaparatA, kaSAyanigraha, pAtradAna, pItapadmalezyA pariNAma avisaMvAdana, dhArmika vyaktiyoM ke prati Adara bhAva, saMsAra bhIrutA, apramAda, nizchalacAritra'', AtmanindA, paraprazaMsA, parasadguNodbhAvana, Atma-asadguNacchAna, guNIpuruSoM ke prati vinayapUrvaka namravRtti aura jJAnAdi hone para bhI tatkRta utseka-ahaMkAra na honA, para kA tiraskAra na karanA, anauddhatya, asUyA, upahAsa-badanAmI Adi na karanA, sAdharmI vyaktiyoM kA sammAna, unheM abhyutthAna aMjali namaskAra Adi krnaa| isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne mAnavoM ko apane nAma sadRza banAne ke lie 'tattvArthavArtika' meM pada-pada para anekAneka mUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA kI hai aura ve una mUlyoM ko mUlyavAna banAne meM samartha siddha hue haiN| Aja ke yuga meM jabaki hara kSetra meM mUlyoM kA saMkaTa hai aise samaya meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pahacAna aura unheM mahattA pradAna kara jIvana meM sthAna denA hogA tabhI mAnava, mAnava kahalAne ke yogya hogaa| zrI tripAThI ke mata meM, "AdhyAtmikatA aura bhautikatA ke samanvita bodha se Aja usa nayI mAnavatA kI sthApanA saMbhava hai jo saMkaTa ke isa samaya apane kalyANa kA mArga pAne meM samartha ho sakatI hai| 181 bhaTTa akalaMkadeva bhI mAnava ko use parA mAnavIya banAkara siddhatva prApta karAnA cAhate haiM jo unake batAye mArga para calane se avazya hI prApta hogaa| aMta meM 'paMta' kI isa bhAvanA ke sAtha mAnavIya mUlyoM ko pratiSThApita karane kI bhAvanA ke sAtha virAma letA hU~ - Aja hameM mAnava mana ko karanA AtmA ke abhimukha manuSyatva meM majjita karane yuga jIvana ke sukha-dukha pighalA degI lauha puSTi ko AtmA kI komalatA jana bala se re kahIM bar3I hai manuSyatva kI kssmtaa||2 1. vRhat hindI koza, pRSTha 888 2. vahI, pRSTha 912 3. hindI kavitA, saMvedanA aura dRSTi : rAmamanohara tripAThI, pRSTha 50 4. mAnava mUlya aura sAhitya : dharmavIra bhAratI, bhUmikA-2 5. tattvArthavArtika, 5.20.5 6. vahI, 1.3 (maMgalAcaraNa) 7. vahI, 4.26.3 8. vahI, 2.50.1 9. mAnava mUlya aura sAhitya, bhUmikA-1
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 91 10. mAnava mUlya aura sAhitya, pRSTha 4 11. vahI, pRSTha 21 12. hindI kavitA, saMvedanA aura dRSTi, pRSTha 45 13. mAnava mUlya aura sAhitya, pRSTha 21 14. 'haMsa' ke aprela 1939 ke aMka meM prakAzita kavitA, ajJeya 15. tatvArthavArtika 1.1 16. tattvArthasUtra 1.1 17. tattvArthavArtika 7.21.26 18. tattvArthasUtra 5.21 19. tattvArthavArtika 5.21.1-2 20. vahI, 7.38.1 21. sarvArthasiddhi 7.11.683 22. tatvArthavArtika, 7.11.1 23. vahI, 7.11.8 bhAvasAmya dekhie - khammAmi savva jIvANaM savve jIvA khamaMtu me| mittI me savva bhUdesu, vairaM majjhaM Na keNa vi|| - mUlAcAra, gAthA 43 24. tattvArthavArtika 7.11.1-4 25. vahI, 7.11.5-7 26. vahI, 1.2.30 27. vahI, 6.12.3 28. vahI, 7.11.3 29. vahI, 7.11.5-8 30. sarvArthasiddhi, 7.11.683 31. tattvArthavArtika, 7.11.1-4 32. vahI, 7.11.5-7 33. vahI, 6.24.1 34. vahI, 6.24.13 35. vahI, 6.24.9 36. vahI, 6.12.13 37. vahI, 6.3.1-2 38. vahI, 7.1.6 39. vahI, 7.13.6-11 40. vahI, 8.1.13-14 41. vahI, 7.9.2 42. vahI, 6.17. 43. vahI, 6.12.6 44. vahI, 9.6.2 45. vahI, 9.6.27 46. vahI, 4.22.10 47. vahI, 6.18.1
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________________ 92 jainavidyA - 20-21 48. tattvArthavArtika, 9.6.3 49. vahI, 9.6.27 50. vahI, 6.17 51. vahI, 9.6.16 52. vahI, 9.23.1-7 53. vahI, 9.23.7 54. vahI, 6.12.13 55. vahI, 6.17 56. vahI, 9.6.4 57. vahI, 9.6.27 58. vahI, 9.22.2 59. vahI, 6.12.13 60. vahI, 6.17 61. vahI, 9.6.9-10 62. vahI, 9.6.27 63. vahI, 4.22.10 64. vahI, 6.3.2 65. vahI, 7.14.5 66. vahI, 7.9.2 67. vahI, 9.6.5-8 68. vahI, 9.6.27 69. tattvArthasUtra 7.38 70. tattvArthavArtika 6.12.4 71. vahI, 6.24.6 72. vahI, 7.39.4 73. vahI, 6.17 74. vahI, 9.6.27 75. vahI, 4.22.10 76. vahI, 6.5.7, 6.12.13, 6.17 77. vahI, 6.17 78. vahI, 6.20 79. vahI, 6.23 80. vahI, 6.26.1-4 81. hindI kavitA saMvedanA aura dRSTi, pRSTha 47 82. svarNadhUli ela/65, nyU indirA nagara burahAnapura (ma.pra.) - 450331
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 aprela - 1999-2000 93 akalaMkadeva kRta puNya aura pApa kA vivecana - DaoN. sUrajamukhI jaina jainadarzana meM puNya aura pApa ko kriyA na mAnakara padArtha mAnA gayA hai| zubha pariNAmoM se yukta mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA se puNyarUpa pudgala vargaNAoM kA Asrava hotA hai aura azubha pariNAmoM se yukta mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA se pAparUpa pudgalavargaNAoM kA Asrava hotA hai| yahI puNya aura pAparUpa pudgalavargaNAeM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha bandha ko prApta hokara use sukha tathA duHkharUpa phala detI haiN|' yahI puNya aura pApa karma haiN| puNya tathA pApa kA vizleSaNa karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - 'punAtyAtmAnaM, pUyate'neneti vA puNyam' - jo AtmA ko prasanna kare athavA jisake dvArA AtmA sukha-sAtA kA anubhava kare, vaha sAtAvedanIya Adi puNya haiM / 'tatpratidvandirUpam pApam' usake viparIta jo AtmA meM zubha pariNAma na hone de, jisake kAraNa AtmA ko duHkha kA anubhava ho, vaha asAtAvedanIya Adi pApa haiN| AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai - 'kAyavAGmanaH karmayogaH', 'sa: AsravaH', 'zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH paapsy'|' mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyAe~ yoga haiM, yoga Asrava kA kAraNa hai, ata: yoga hI Asrava hai, zubhayoga puNyAsrava kA kAraNa hai aura azubhayoga pApAsrava kA kAraNa hai| 'zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya' sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - 'prANAtipAtA-dattAdAnamaithunaprayogAdirazubhaH kaayyogH| anRtabhASaNaparuSAsatyavacanAdirazubho
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 vaagyogH| vadhacintanerSyAsUyAdirazubho manoyogaH / jIvahiMsA, corI, maithunAdi azubha kAyayoga haiM; asatya vacana, kaThora bhASaNa Adi azubha vacanayoga haiM; aura kisI ko mArane kA vicAra karanA, IrSyA, asUyA Adi ke bhAva azubha manoyoga haiN| 'tasmAdanantavikalpAdazubhayogAdanyaH zubhayogaH ityucyte| tadyathA ahiMsA'steyabrahmacaryAdiH zubhakAyayoga : satyahitamitabhASaNAdi zubho vAgyogaH, arhadAdibhaktitaporuci zrutavinayAdiH zubho manoyogaH / ' ananta vikalpavAle azubhayoga viparIta zubhayoga haiN| ahiMsA, acaurya, brahmacaryAdi zubha kAyayoga haiM; satya hitamita priyavacana zubha vacanayoga haiM; ata Adi kI bhakti, tapa meM ruci, zAstravinaya Adi zubha manoyoga haiN| zubha tathA azubha yoga ko spaSTa karate hue akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - 'zubhAzubha pariNAmanirvRttatvAcchubhAzubhavyapadezaH ' 'zubha pariNAmanirvRttoyogaH zubhaH, azubhapariNAmanirvRttazcAzubha: iti kathyate, na zubhAzubhakarmakAraNatvena / ' 16 94 zubha pariNAma se yukta yoga zubha tathA azubha pariNAma se yukta yoga azubha hai, kevala zubhAzubha kArya ke kAraNa yoga ko zubha athavA azubha nahIM mAnA gayA hai 1 puNyAsrava tathA pApAsrava kA vivecana karate hue aSTazatI meM ve kahate haiM - AtmanaH parasya vA sukhaduHkhayorvizuddhisaMklezAGgayoreva puNyapApAtravahetutvaM na cAnyathAtiprasaGgAta // ' vizuddha pariNAma tathA saMkleza pariNAma ke kAraNa apane tathA dUsare ko diye jAnevAle sukhaduHkha hI puNyAsrava tathA pApAsrava ke kAraNa hote haiN| vizuddha pariNAma ke kAraNa apane tathA dUsare ko diye jAnevAle sukha aura duHkha puNyAsrava ke kAraNa hote haiM aura saMkleza pariNAma ke kAraNa apane tathA dUsare ko diye jAnevAle sukha-duHkha pApAsrava ke kAraNa hote haiM / pariNAmoM meM vizuddhi tathA saMkleza nahIM hone para apane athavA dUsaroM ko sukha tathA duHkha hone para bhI puNyAsrava athavA pApAsrava nahIM hote| yadi vizuddhi aura saMkleza ke abhAva meM bhI puNyAsrava aura pApAsrava mAne jAyeMge to acetanakaMTakAdi tathA vItarAgI muni ko bhI baMdha mAnanA pdd'egaa| aisI avasthA meM kisI ko bhI mokSa nahIM ho skegaa| ve kahate haiM - 'paraja sukhaduHkhotpAdanAt puNyapApabandhaikAnte kathamacetanAH kSIrAdayaH kaNThakAdayo vA na badhyeran / AtmasukhaduHkhAbhyAm pApaitaraikAnta kRtAnte punarakaSAya syApi dhruvameva bandhaH syAt / tato na kazcinmoktamurhati, tadubhayAbhAvAsaMbhavAt' / saMkleza kyA hai? aura vizuddhi kyA hai ? ise batAte hue ve kahate haiM - 'ArtaraudradhyAnapariNAmaH saMklezastadabhAvo vizuddhirAtmanaH svAtmanyavasthAnam ' / ' Arta aura raudradhyAnarUpa pariNAma saMkleza haiM aura inakA abhAva hone para apane svarUpa meM sthita honA vizuddhi hai / ataH Artaraudra pariNAmoM se yukta mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA pApAsrava kA kAraNa hai aura dharmadhyAna tathA zukladhyAna se yukta mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA puNyAsrava kA hai 1 kAraNa
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 - isI bhAva ko AcArya kundakunda ne bhI paMcAstikAya meM vyakta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM . supariNAmo puNaM asuho pAvaM ti havadi jIvassa / poggalametto bhAvo kammattaNaM patto / 0 dohaM jIva ke satkriyArUpa zubha pariNAma bhAvapuNya haiM aura azubha pariNAma bhAvapApa haiN| ina bhAvapuNya aura bhAvapApa kA nimitta pAkara pudgala vargaNAe~ jJAnAvaraNAdi puNya aura pApakarmarUpa pariNata hotI haiM / puNyAsrava aura pApAsrava kina pariNAmoM se hote haiM, ise spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM rAgo jassa pasattho aNukaMpAsaMsido ya pariNAmo / cittamhi Natthi kaluSaM puNNaM jIvassa AsavAdi / " cariyApamAdabahulAM kAlussaM loladA yA paraparitAvapavAdo pAvassa ya AsavaM 95 jisake prazasta rAga hai, dayAyukta pariNAma haiM, citta meM kaluSatA nahIM hai; usa jIva ke puNya karma kA Asrava hotA hai / aura visaesu / kuNadi // 2 - jisake kArya pramAda sahita hote haiM, citta meM kaluSatA hotI hai, viSayoM kI lolupatA hotI hai, dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene ke bhAva hote haiM; usake pApakarma kA Asrava hotA hai / puNya prakRtiyA~ 42 aura pApa prakRtiyA~ 82 haiM / akalaMkadeva tattvArthavArtika meM kahate haiM shubhaastrividhm| tiryagAyuH manuSyAyuH, devAyuH / zubhanAma spttriNshdviklpm| tadyathA manuSyagatiH, devagatiH, paMcendriya jAtiH, paMca zarIrANi, trINyaMgopAMgAni, samacatusrasaMsthAnam, vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananam, prazasta varNagandharasasparzAH, manuSyagatidevagatyAnupUrvyadvayam, agurulaghu, paraghAtocchvAsA'tapodyotaprazastavihAyogatayaH trasabAdaraparyAptipratyekazarIrasthirazubhasubhagasusvara, Adeya yazaHkIrtayaH nirmANaM, tIrthaMkara nAma ceti / zubhamekamuccargotram / sadvedyamityetA dvAcatvAriMzatprakRtayaH puNyasaMjJA iti / 13 " Adeya, yazaH kIrtayaH tiryaMca Ayu, manuSya Ayu aura devAyu- tIna Ayu, manuSyagatidevagati-paMcendriya jAti, pA~ca zarIra, tIna aMgopAMga, samacatusra saMsthAna, vajravRSabhanArAca saMhanana, prazasta varNa-gandha-rasa aura sparza, manuSyagatyAnupUrvI, devagatyAnupUrvI, agurulaghu, paraghAta, ucchvAsa, Atapa, udyota, prazastavihAyogati, trasa, bAdara, paryApti, pratyeka zarIra, sthira, zubha, subhaga, susvara, Adeya, yaza kIrti, nirmANa tathA tIrthaMkara 37 nAma karma kI prakRtiyA~, zubha gotra tathA sAtA vedanIya ye 42 puNya prakRtiyA~ haiM / asmAt puNyasaMjJakakarmaprakRti samUhAdanyatkarma pApakamityucyate / taddvayazItividham / tadyathA jJAnAvaraNaprakRtayaH paJca darzanAvaraNasya nava, mohanIyasya SaDaviMzatiH, paJcAntarAyasya, narakagatiH, tiryaMggati: catasro jAtayaH, paMca saMsthAnAni, paMca saMhananAni, aprazasta
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________________ 96 jainavidyA - 20-21 varNagandharasasparzAH, narakatiryaMggatyAnupUrvyadvayam, upaghAtA'prazastavihAyogati sthAvara sUkSmA'paryApta asAdhAraNa zarIrA'sthirA'zubha durbhagaduHsvarA'nodayAyazaH kIrtayazceti nAma prakRtayaH catustriMzat, asadvedyama, narakAyuH, niicairgotrmiti| 4 puNya prakRtiyoM se bhinna 82 pApa prakRtiyA~ haiM - jJAnAvaraNa kI 5, darzanAvaraNa kI 9, mohanIya kI 26, antarAya kI 5, narakagati tiryaMcagati ekendriyAdi 4 jAti, 5 saMsthAna, 5 saMhanana, aprazastavarNagandharasa aura sparza, narakagatyAnupUrvI, tiryaMcagatyAnupUrvI, upaghAta, aprazastavihAyogati, sthAvara, sUkSma, aparyApta, asAdhAraNa zarIra, asthira, azubha, durbhaga, dusvara, anAdeya, ayaza:kIrti isa prakAra nAmakarma kI 34 prakRtiyA~, asAtAvedanIya, narakAyu tathA nIca gotr| jaise lohe kI ber3I aura sone kI ber3I donoM hI paratantratA (bandhana) ke kAraNa haiM usIprakAra puNya aura pApa donoM hI karma AtmA kI paratantratA ke kAraNa haiN| cAhe koI lohe kI ber3I se baMdhA ho yA sone kI ber3I se, jaba taka ber3I ko nahIM kATegA, svatantra nahIM ho sktaa| usI prakAra jaba taka puNya aura pApa donoM karmoM kA saMpUrNa kSaya nahIM hogA, taba taka jIva ko mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| jIva kA carama lakSya mokSa kI prApti hai, mokSa ke binA zAzvata aura nirAkula sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| ata: mumukSu jIva ko bandhana kI dRSTi se donoM ko samAna samajhakara donoM ko kSaya karane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| joindu muni kahate haiM - jo Navi maNNai jIu samu puNNu vi pAu vi doi| so ciru dukkhu sahaMtu jiya mohiM hiMDai loi||" jo jIva puNya aura pApa donoM ko samAna samajhakara unase bacane kA prayatna nahIM karatA, vaha ajJAna ke kAraNa cirakAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakatA huA du:kha sahatA rahatA hai| puNya aura pApa kA phala batAte hue joindu kahate haiM - pAveM NArau tiriu jiu puNNeM amaru viyaannu| misseM mANusagai lahai dohiM vi khai nnivvaannu|| __ pApa se naraka tathA tiryaMca gati milatI hai, puNya se devagati kI prApti hotI hai, puNya-pApa donoM ke hone para manuSya gati milatI hai, kintu nirvANa (mokSa) kI prApti to puNya aura pApa donoM ke kSaya hone para hI hotI hai| AcArya vidyAnandi bhI aSTasahasrI meM kahate haiM - 'nahi puNyapApobhayabandhAbhAvAsaMbhave muktirnAma sNsrterbhaavprsNgaat|" paratantratA kI dRSTi se puNya aura pApa donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai, mokSaprApti ke lie donoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai, phira bhI saMsArI jIva ke lie pApa kI apekSA puNya upAdeya hai| kyoMki
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 puNya se iSTa phala kI prApti hotI hai jo sukha kA kAraNa hai aura pApa se aniSTa phala kI prApti hotI hai jo duHkha kA kAraNa hai / akalaMkadeva kahate haiM " issttaanissttnimittbhedaattdbhedsiddheH| yadiSTa gati jAti zarIrendriyaviSayAdinirvarttakaM : tatpuNyam / aniSTa gati jAti zarIrendriyaviSayAdinirvartakaM yatratpApamityanayorayaM bhedaH / "20 mithyAdRSTi ke puNya ko lakSya kara joindu muni kahate haiM ki puNya se sAMsArika vaibhava aura sukha kI prApti hotI hai, vaibhava se mada (ahaMkAra) ho jAtA hai, ahaMkAra se buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai aura buddhi bhraSTa hone se jIva pApa kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai, ataH aisA puNya hamAre na ho / kyoMki vaha puNya anantaH duHkha kA hI kAraNa hai puNeNa hoi vihavo vihaveNa mao maeNa maimoho / maimoheNa ya pAvaM tA puNNaM amha yA hou / 1 97 zrI brahmadeva ne saMskRta TIkA meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki puNya se madAdi mithyAdRSTi ke hI hote haiM, samyaktvI ke nahIM, ve kahate haiM - 'idaM pUrvoktaM puNyaM bhedAbhedaratnatrayArAdhanArahitena dRSTazrutAnubhUtabhogAkAMkSArUpanidAnabaMdhapariNAmasahitena jIvena yadupArjitaM pUrvabhave tadeva madamahaMkAraM janayati buddhivinAzaM ca karoti / na ca punaH samyaktvAdiguNasahitaM bharatasagararAmapANDavAdipuNya baMdhavat / ' yadi punaH sarveSAM madaM janayati tarhi te kathaM puNyabhAjanAH santo madAhaMkArAdi vikalpaM tyaktvA mokSaM gatA iti bhAvArtha : 122 bhedAbheda ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA se rahita mithyAdRSTi jIva ne dekhe, sune tathA bhoge hue bhogoM kI vAMchArUpa nidAnabaMdha ke pariNAmoM sahita pUrvabhava meM jo puNya upArjita kiyA hai usase use mada hotA hai aura usakI buddhi bhraSTa hotI hai; bharata, sagara, rAma, pANDava Adi samyaktvI jIvoM ke nahIM / yadi sabhI kA puNya mada kA kAraNa hotA to bharatAdi puNyazAlI vyakti ahaMkArAdi vikAroM ko tyAga kara mokSa nahIM prApta kara sakate / mithyAdRSTi kA puNya azubhopayoga aura azubha lezyA se yukta hone ke kAraNa pApAnubaMdhI niratizaya puNya hai, jo saMsAra kA kAraNa hone se tyAjya hai| samyakdRSTi kA puNya zubhopayoga aura zubha lezyAdi se yukta hone ke kAraNa sAtizaya puNyAnubaMdhI puNya hai jo sAMsArika aizvarya meM rAga utpanna nahIM karatA apitu uttama dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ko upalabdha karAkara paramparA se mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai / sammAiTThI puNNaM Na hoi saMsArakAraNaM NiyamA / mokkhassa hoi heDa jar3a vi NiyANaM Na so kuThAi // 3 laukika sukha kI prApti ke lie to puNya Avazyaka hai hI, mokSaprApti ke lie bhI sAtizaya puNya Avazyaka hai| AcArya vidyAnandi kahate haiM - 'mokSasyApi paramapuNyAtizaya cAritra vizeSAtmakapauruSAmyAmevasiddheH / ' 124
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________________ 98 jainavidyA - 20-21 ___ uttama saMhanana (vajravRSabhanArAca saMhanana) kI prApti prakRSTa puNya se hI hotI hai, jisake binA paramazukladhyAna nahIM ho sktaa| samayasAra ke puNyapApAdhikAra meM AcArya jayasena ne bhI samyaktvI ke. puNya ko paramparA se mokSa kA kAraNa kahA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne bhI puNya ke kAraNa dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko mokSa kA kAraNa kahA hai|26 AtmAnuzAsana meM guNabhadrAcArya kahate haiM - azubhAcchubhamAyAt zuddhaH syaadymaagtm| raveraprAptasaMdhyAsya tamaso na smudgmH||" kevalajJAnarUpI jyoti kA dhAraka AtmArUpI sUrya anAdikAla se ajJAnarUpI rAtri meM bhramaNa kara rahA hai, usa mohAdirUpa rAtri ke gahana andhakAra se mukta hokara zuddha prakAzapUrNa siddhAvasthA kI prApti ke lie pahale azubharUpI gahana andhakAra ko cIrakara zubharUpI lAlimAyukta prAta:kAla ko prApta karanA hogaa| taduparAnta hI ratnatrayarUpI teja se zuddha prakAzayukta zuddhopayogarUpI dina meM praveza kiyA jA skegaa| sUrya bhI sandhyA (prabhAtakAla) ko prApta kiye binA andhakAra kA vinAza nahIM kara sktaa| ataH nizcayanaya se mokSa prApti ke lie puNya-pApa donoM tyAjya haiM, kintu vyavahAranaya se pApa ko tyAga kara puNya upArjana kiye binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| ata: pahale pApa ko tyAga kara puNya kA upArjana karanA cAhiye, jisase mokSaprApti kA sAdhana uttama gati, uttama kula, uttama zarIra, uttama saMhanana aura uttama zruta kA samAgama prApta ho| uttama gati Adi sAdhana ke prApta hote hI puNya aura pApa donoM ko heya samajhate hue saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM ko tuccha mAnakara . samasta vikalpoM se mukta ho paramasamAdhi (paramazukladhyAna) meM nimagna hokara dustara saMsAra-sAgara ke pAra pahu~cane kA yatna karanA cAhiye / yahI jIva kA carama lakSya hai| dharma-artha-kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM meM mokSa puruSArtha ko hI sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai, jo puNya-pApa donoM ke kSaya se hI prApta ho sakatA hai| 1. mithyAtvAviratipramAdakaSAyayogAH bandha hetavaH, umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 1 2. akalaMkadeva, tattvArthavArtika, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 507 3. AcArya umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 1,2,3 4. akalaMkadeva, tattvArthavArtika, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 507 5. vahI, pRSTha 507 6. vahI, pRSTha 507 7. akalaMkadeva, aSTasahasrI, pRSTha 260 8. vahI, pRSTha 259 9. vahI, pRSTha 259
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 99 10. AcArya kundakunda, paMcAstikAya, gAthA 132 11. vahIM, gAthA 135 12. vahI, gAthA 138 13. tattvArthavArtika, bhAga 2, pRSTha 586, adhyAya 8, sUtra 25 14. vahI, bhAga 2, pRSTha 586, adhyAya 8, sUtra 26 15. umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 10, sUtra 2 16. joindu, paramAtmaprakAza, adhyAya 2, dohA 2 17. vahI, dohA 55 18. vahI, dohA 63 19. vidyAnandi, aSTasahasrI, pRSTha 259 20. akalaMkadeva, tattvArthavArtika, bhAga 2, pRSTha 507, adhyAya 6 21. joindu, paramAtmaprakAza, adhyAya 2, dohA 60 22. brahmadeva, paramAtmaprakAza, adhyAya 2, dohA 60 kI TIkA 23. devasena, bhAvasaMgraha, 404 24. AcArya vidyAnandi, aSTasahasrI, pRSTha 257 25. uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnamAntarmuhUrtAt / umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 27 26. paremokSa-hetu, vahI, adhyAya 9, zloka 29 27. guNabhadrAcArya, AtmAnuzAsana, zloka 122 28. dhammahaM, atthahaM, kAmahaM vi eyahaM sayaladaM mokkhu / uttamapabhaNadiM NANi jiya aNNe jeNa Na sokkhu / joindu, paramAtmaprakAza, adhyAya 2, dohA 3 alakA, 35 imAmabAr3A mujaphpharanagara
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________________ 100 jainavidyA - 20-21 vaiyAvRtya aacaaryopaadhyaaytpsvishaikssyglaangnnkulsngghsaadhumnojnyaanaam| vaiyAvRttyamityanuvRtteH pratyekamabhisambandhaH // 1 // vaiyAvRtyamityanuvartate tena pratyekamabhisaMbandhoH bhavati aacaaryvaiyaavRtymupaadhyaayvaiyaavRttymityaadi| vyAvRttasya bhAvaH karma ca vaiyAvRttyam ||2||kaaycessttyaa dravyAntareNa vA vyAvRttasya bhAvaH karma vA vaiyaavRttymityucyte| teSAM vyAdhiparISahamithyAtvAdyupanipAte tatpratIkAro vaiyaavRttym||15|| teSAmAcAryAdInAM vyAdhiparISaha mithyAtvadyupanipAte prAsukauSadhibhaktapAnapratizrayapIThaphalakasaMstaraNAdibhirdharmopakaraNaistatpratIkAraH samyaktvapratyavasthApanamityevamAdi vaiyaavRttym| bAhyadravyAsaMbhave svakAyena tadAnukUlyAnuSThAnaM c| // 16 // bAhyasyauSadhabhaktapAnAderasaMbhave'pi svakAyena zleSmasiGghANakAdyantarmalApakarSaNAdi tadAnukUlyAnuSThAnaM ca vaiyAvRttyamiti kthyte| - tatvArtharAjavArtika, 9.24 kAyaceSTA yA anya dravyoM se vyAvRtta puruSa kA bhAva yA karma vaiyAvRtta hai| 1-2 / AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSa, glAna, gaNa, kula, saMgha, sAdhu, manojJa - ina para vyAdhi-parISaha-mithyAtva Adi kA upadrava hone para usakA prAsuka auSadhi, AhAra-pAna, Azraya, caukI, takhtA aura saMstaraNa (zaiyA) Adi dharmopakaraNoM se pratIkAra karanA tathA samyaktvamArga meM dRr3ha karanA vaiyAvRttya hai / auSadha Adi ke abhAva meM apane hAtha se khakAranAka Adi bhItarI mala ko sApha karanA aura unake anukUla vAtAvaraNa ko banA denA Adi bhI vaiyAvRttya hai| anu. - pro. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya
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________________ jainavidyA 20-21 aprela 1999-2000 - 101 dravya - paryAyAtmaka vastu jJAna kA viSaya DaoN. rAjakumArI jaina - jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM akalaMkadeva ve yugapravartaka AcArya haiM jinhoMne jaina jJAnamImAMsA kA suvyavasthita aura sarvAMgINa vikAsa kiyA hai| jahA~ samantabhadrAcArya ne pramukha tatvamImAMsIya samasyAoM kA anekAntAtmaka samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai vahIM akalaMkadeva ne jJAtA, jJeya aura jJAna se anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ko pratipAdita kara samantabhadrAcArya dvArA vyAkhyAyita siddhAntoM ko paripUrNatA pradAna kI hai| unakA " dravya paryAyAtmaka artha jJAna kA viSaya " viSayaka siddhAnta isakA eka jvalanta pramANa hai| unake isa viSaya se sambandhita kathana atyanta gUr3ha aura gambhIra haiN| ataH yahA~ hama unake TIkAkAroM vidyAnandi, vAdirAja Adi kI sahAyatApUrvaka unake 44 'dravya - paryAyAtmaka artha jJAna kA viSaya " siddhAnta ko samajhane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiM / hama eka vastu ko usakI aneka vizeSatAoM yA dharmoM ke jJAnapUrvaka jAnate haiM / harita varNa, vizeSa AkAra Adi guNoM ke jJAnapUrvaka hama eka dravya ko tathA tanA, zAkhAoM, pattoM Adi avayavoM ke jJAnapUrvaka hama eka avayavI vRkSa ko jAnate haiN| jJAna kA yaha svarUpa hamAre samakSa jJeya padArtha ke ekAnekAtmaka svarUpa ko prastuta karatA hai jo vibhinna bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke lie eka bahuta bar3I samasyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki eka aura aneka paraspara virodhI dharma haiM / ataH koI bhI vastu ekasAtha ina do svarUpoM se yukta nahIM ho sktii| isaliye bauddha dArzanika sattA ko mAtra dharmarUpa, advaiva vedAntI use mAtra dharmIrUpa, tathA nyAya-vaizeSika use paraspara nirapekSa dharma aura dharmIrUpa svIkAra karate haiN| ina sabhI ke anusAra inake dvArA mAnya sattA ke svarUpa kA
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________________ 102 jainavidyA - 20-21 sAkSAtkAra indriyArtha sannikarSa ke prathama kSaNa meM tathA samAdhi kI avasthA meM honevAle nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA hotA hai| yadyapi savikalpaka jJAna vastu ko usake aneka dharmoM dvArA aura isaliye ekAnekAtmaka rUpa meM hI jAnatA hai lekina bauddha aura advaita vedAnta ke anusAra yaha jJAna anAdikAlIna ajJAnajanita hai aura isaliye yaha paramArthataH satya na hokara mithyA hai| __ akalaMkadeva vibhinna darzanoM kI uparyukta mAnyatAoM ko asvIkAra karate hue jJeya padArtha ke dharmadhAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiN| unake anusAra na kevala anumAna aura zabda pramANa balki pratyakSa bhI sadaiva savikalpa hI hotA hai| pratyakSa ko paribhASita karate hue ve kahate haiM ki pratyakSa vizada aura sAkAra (savikalpaka) jJAna hai| isakA viSaya dravyaparyAyAtmaka, sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu hotI hai|' AcArya kA "dravyaparyAyAtmaka artha jJAna kA viSaya" se kyA abhiprAya hai yaha samajhane ke liye hama dravya aura paryAya zabdoM ke artha para vicAra kreN| 'dravya' aura 'paryAya' zabda ke artha jaina darzana ke anusAra jo bhI sat hai vaha eka-anekAtmaka, bheda-abhedAtmaka, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka, nitya-anityAtmaka vastu hai / prastuta sandarbha meM 'dravya' zabda eka vastu ke eka, abheda, sAmAnya, nitya Adi svarUpa kA paryAyavAcI hai tathA paryAya' zabda kA prayoga vastu ke anekAtmaka, bhedAtmaka, vizeSAtmaka, anityAtmaka Adi pakSoM ke vAcaka ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra sattA ke dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa kA artha hai usakA eka-anekAtmaka, bheda-abhedAtmaka Adi svarUpa se yukta honA / yahA~ zaMkA kI jA sakatI hai ki sattA ko to dravyaguNaparyAyAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai phira use dravyaparyAyAtmaka kyoM kahA jA rahA hai? isake uttara meM akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - ___ dravya sAmAnya vizeSa ubhayAtmaka hai| yahA~ para dravya, sAmAnya, utsarga, anvaya, guNa ye ekArthaka zabda haiN| vizeSa, bheda, paryAya ye saba 'paryAya' zabda ke artha haiN| ___ athavA guNa hI paryAya hai| arthAt utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya hI paryAya hai| isa prakAra paryAya se bhinna guNa nahIM hai| isaliye guNa hI paryAya hai|' anyatra akalaMkadeva kahate haiM - jo anugatAkAra yA ekala buddhi kA AdhAra hai vaha dravya tathA jo vyAvRtAkAra yA bheda buddhi kA AdhAra hai vaha paryAya hai|' siddhavinizcaya ke TIkAkAra kahate haiM - 'paryAya' zabda kA prayoga kabhI dharma, kabhI aMza aura kabhI ekadeza ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta 'dravya' zabda dharmI, aMzI, samagra kA paryAyavAcI hai| dravya-paryAyAtmaka artha jJAna kA viSaya ___ jJAna kA viSaya sadaiva dravyaparyAyAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka, bheda-abhedAtmaka, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka sattA hotI hai| hama aneka sahavartI guNoM ke jJAnapUrvaka eka guNI ko, aneka kramavartI paryAyoM ke jJAnapUrvaka eka paryAyI yA dravya ko tathA aneka avayavoM ke jJAnapUrvaka eka avayavI
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________________ 103 jainavidyA - 20-21 ko jAnate haiN| aisA isaliye hotA hai ki eka vastu ke aneka guNa, paryAya, avayava Adi kramazaH guNI, paryAyI aura avayavI ke vibhinna aMza haiM, dharma haiM, svabhAva haiM tathA guNI apane aneka guNa Adi meM vyApta eka akhaNDa sattA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM eka dravya ke aneka sahavartI svabhAva usake vibhinna guNa haiN| ina aneka guNoM meM nAma, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda hone para bhI sattApekSayA abheda haiM / unakA yaha pArasparika tAdAtmya hI unakI eka dravyarUpatA hai / tAdAtmya = tata + Atmya arthAt ye paraspara eka-dUsare kI AtmA yA svabhAva hote hue, eka dUsare meM antarvyApta hote hue eka dravyarUpatA ko prApta kara rahe haiN| isa prakAra dravya aura guNa do bhinnabhinna sattA na hokara saMjJAdi kI apekSA paraspara bhinna hone para bhI eka hI sattA hai| sattApekSayA dravya aura guNa meM abheda hone ke kAraNa na kevala eka dravya kA AtmA yA svabhAva usake samasta guNa haiM balki eka guNa kA svabhAva bhI usakA AzrayabhUta sampUrNa dravya hai| isa prakAra sattA mAtra guNarUpa, mAtra dravyarUpa yA mAtra paraspara nirapekSa guNa-guNIrUpa na hokara guNaguNyAtmaka svarUpa meM avasthita hai| jisa prakAra saMjJAdi kI apekSA paraspara bhinna-bhinna aneka guNa hI paraspara tAdAtmya sambandhapUrvaka eka dravyarUpatA ko prApta hote haiM, usI prakAra saMjJA Adi kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna aneka avayava paraspara saMyoga sambandhapUrvaka eka avayavIrUpatA ko prApta karate haiN| sattA ke isa eka-anekAtmaka, bheda-abhedAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa jJAna sadaiva dharmadhAtmaka svarUpa liye hue hotA hai tathA usakA viSaya sadaiva dravyaparyAyAtmaka, guNaguNyAtmaka, avayava-avayavyAtmaka, paryAyaparyAyAtmaka sattA hotI hai| pratyakSa anumAnAdi sabhI pramANoM dvArA ekAnekAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka vastu hI jJAta hotI hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki dharmadharmI bhAva meM yukta savikalpaka jJAna paramArthataH satya na hokara anAdi vAsanAjanita mAnasika kalpanA mAtra hai| pratyakSa mAtra dharma ko hI jAnatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie cAkSuSa pratyakSa dvArA mAtra eka guNa-rUpa kA hI pratyakSa hotA hai| usa eka guNa ke jJAnapUrvaka honevAlA rUpa, rasAdi aneka guNAtmaka dravya ghaTa ko jJAta kahanA yathArtha jJAna na hokara anAdi vAsanAjanita kalpanA mAtra hai / yathArtha jJAna kA viSaya eka-aneka svabhAvI sattA na hokara mAtra eka svabhAvI sarala dharma hai / akalaMkadeva isa mata ko asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyakSa sadaiva savikalpaka (vizeSa-vizeSya bhAva se yukta) hI hotA hai tathA usakA viSaya dravyaparyAyAtmaka, sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu hotI hai| pratyakSa kA viSaya rUpa, rasa Adi koI eka guNa na hokara aneka guNAtmaka dravya hotA hai| hama cAkSuSa pratyakSa dvArA mAtra eka sarala guNa rUpa ko na jAnakara astitva, dravyatva, prameyatva, pRthubudhnAkAra maya rUpa ko jAnate haiN| ina guNoM meM svabhAva-bheda hone para bhI sattApekSayA abheda hone ke kAraNa ye eka dravya haiM isaliye inake jJAnapUrvaka eka dravya ko jJAta kahA jAtA hai| ina guNoM meM pRthubudhnAkAra vaha asAdhAraNa dharma hai jo isa sattA ko aghaTa se pRthak eka aisA viziSTa svarUpa pradAna kara rahA hai jisake hone para padArtha ko ghaTa hI kahA jAtA hai / isaliye vizeSatA ke jJAnapUrvaka dravya ke prati ghaTa' isa viziSTa buddhi kI utpatti hotI hai| kucha guNoM ke jJAnapUrvaka ghaTa ko jJAta kahane kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vaha sampUrNataH jJAta ho gayA hai| isake viparIta ghaTa ko jJAta aMzoM se hI jJAta kahA jAtA hai| tathA vaha apane ajJAta dharmoM
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________________ 104 jainavidyA - 20-21 kI apekSA ajJAta bhI rahatA hai| avagRhIta padArtha ke isa jJAtAjJAta svarUpa ke jJAta hone ke kAraNa hI usake viziSTa svarUpa ke prati IhApUrvaka AvAya, dhAraNArUpa jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai jo na kevala jJeya padArtha ke aneka kSaNavyApI eka astitva ko balki jJAna ke ekAnekAtmaka svarUpa ko bhI siddha karatI hai|' akalaMkadeva kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu ko jJAna kA viSaya kahane se kyA Azaya hai, yaha samajhane ke lie hama zabda pramANa ke svarUpa para vicAra kreN| bhASA dvArA eka vastu kramika rUpa se eka-eka vAkya dvArA usakI eka-eka vizeSatA ke jJAnapUrvaka jJAta hotI hai| vastu kI eka vizeSatA nAma, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA anya sabase bhinna aura apane Apa meM paripUrNa hote hue bhI sattApekSayA apane Apa meM apUrNa hotI hai| isa apekSA se usakA pUrNa svarUpa usakA AzrayabhUta sampUrNa dravya arthAt dravya ke anya samasta guNa haiM / guNa aura guNI meM vidyamAna isa bhedAbheda sambandha ke kAraNa eka vAkya dvArA jJAta ho rahe dravya ke eka guNa ke prati aneka jijJAsAe~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| ina jijJAsAoM kI zAnti hetu kiye gaye prayatna se vastu ke aneka navIna guNoM kA jJAna hotA hai, jo vastu ke jJAna meM mAtra vRddhi hI nahIM karatA balki vastu kI pUrvajJAta vizeSatAoM kI samajha ko bhI aura adhika vaiziSTya aura spaSTatA pradAna karatA huA pariSkRta karatA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI kahate haiM - "sat honA dravya kA lakSaNa hai''10 'sat' kA artha hai 'hai', 'sadbhAva', astitvarUpatA tathA isa dharma kA prayojana hai dharmI ko sad-svarUpatA pradAna karanA, usake sadbhAva yA hone kA jJAna kraanaa| isaliye uparyukta vAkya - "sat honA dravya kA lakSaNa hai" se yaha jJAna hotA hai ki 'dravya hai' yA jo bhI hai use dravya kahA jAtA hai / isa lakSaNa aura prayojana kI apekSA astitva guNa ke apane Apa meM paripUrNa hone para bhI sattApekSayA vaha apane Apa meM apUrNa hai aura isaliye usake prati yaha jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki sat hone kA artha / kyA hai, jo hai vaha mAtra eka kSaNasthAyI hai, zAzvata hai yA pariNAmI nitya? isa prazna ke uttara meM AcArya kahate haiM - jo sat hai vaha utpAdavyayadhrauvya yukta hai|" utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktatA ko dravyatva guNa kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta donoM vAkya satva aura dravyatva meM paraspara vizeSya-vizeSaNa bhAva ko siddha karate hue 'sattAtmaka dravya' yA 'dravyatvamaya sattA' rUpa viziSTa buddhi ko utpanna karate haiM jo satva aura dravyatva dharmoM ke pArasparika tAdAtmya sambandhapUrvaka unakI eka dharmIrUpatA kA paricAyaka hai| inameM ekala hone para bhI anekatA vidyamAna hai jisake kAraNa satva ke jJAta hone para bhI dravyatva ajJAta rahatA hai tathA use jAnane ke lie anya jJAna kI sahAyatA lenI par3atI hai| dravyatvarUpatA bhI sattA kA pUrNa svarUpa nahIM hone ke kAraNa usake prati punaH jijJAsA hotI hai ki yaha dravyatvamayasatA sAmAnya rUpa hai, vizeSa rUpa hai yA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka? isake uttara meM zabda pramANa dvArA usakA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka svarUpa yA vastutva guNa jJAta hotA hai yaha dravyatvavastutvamaya sattA prameya hai yA nahIM, usake parimANa meM nyUnAdhikatA sambhava hai yA nahIM jaise praznoM ke uttara meM sattA ke prameyatva, agurulaghutva Adi guNa jJAta hote haiM / mAnavIya jJAna kI yaha sakriya aura anveSaNAtmaka, dUsare zabdoM meM upayogAtmaka, prakriyA antahIna hai| jaise-jaise mAnava ke jJAna
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 105 meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai usakI jijJAsAe~ bhI bar3hatI jAtI haiM jo na kevala eka vastu kI aneka dharmAtmakatA ko balki usakI anantadharmAtmakatA ko siddha karatI haiN| isaliye AcArya vidyAnandi kahate haiM - "jIvAdi dharmI ananta dharmAtmaka hai anyathA unameM prameyatva kA honA asambhava hai| 12 uparyukta anumAna "jIvAdi dharmI anantadharmAtmaka haiM kyoMki ve prameya haiM" meM jIvAdi dharmI jJeya hai| unake eka dharma 'prameyatva' ko hetu banAkara unakI anantadharmAtmakatA ko siddha kiyA jA rahA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki yaha prameyatva dharma svayaM prameya (jJeya) hai athavA nahIM? yadi vaha svayaM ajJAta ho to usake dvArA kucha bhI siddha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vaha svayaM prameya hai to vaha svayaM anantadharmAtmaka hai athavA nahIM hai| yadi nahIM hai to vaha vyabhicAra doSa se grasta hogA kyoMki prameyatva hetu svayaM ekasvabhAvI hone para bhI jJAta ho rahA hai aura isaliye yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jo bhI prameya hai vaha anantadharmAtmaka hai| yadi prameyatva hetu ko anantadharmAtmaka svIkAra kiyA jAya to abhI taka kisI bhI vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA siddha nahIM ho pAne ke kAraNa yaha sAdhyasama hetvAbhAsa ho jAyegA tathA isake dvArA kucha bhI siddha nahIM ho paayegaa| phira eka dharma ko bhI anantadharmAtmaka svIkAra karane para una dharmoM ke bhI anantadharma aura una dharmoM meM bhI pratyeka dharma ke anantadharma svIkAra karane pdd'eNge| isa prakAra eka dharma ko anantadharmAtmaka svIkAra karane para anavasthA doSa AtA hai| uparyukta ApattiyoM kA uttara dete hue AcArya vidyAnandi kahate haiM ki isa anumAna meM vyabhicAra doSa nahIM hai kyoMki koI bhI dharma sadaiva dharma hI nahIM rhtaa| satvAdi koI bhI dharma apane dharmI kI apekSA hI dharma hotA hai tathA svayaM ke anya dharmoM kI apekSA vaha svayaM ananta dharmAtmaka dharmI bhI hotA hai| aisA mAnane para anavasthA doSa bhI nahIM AtA; kyoMki eka vastu ke vibhinna dharmoM meM dharma-dharmI bhAva abhavya ke saMsAra ke samAna athavA eka ghUmate hue valaya ke pUrvApara bhAga ke samAna anAdi-ananta tathA anavasthita hai| jisa prakAra eka abhavya ke saMsAra kA na to Adi hai na anta athavA jisa prakAra eka ghUmate hue valaya kA eka bhAga sAmane Ane para pUrva bhAga tathA vahI bhAga pIche cale jAne para apara bhAga ho jAtA hai usI prakAra eka vastu ke samasta dharmoM meM paraspara dharma-dharmI bhAva anavasthita aura anAdi-ananta haiM / usakI kisI bhI vizeSatA ko vizeSya banAye jAne para anya sabhI vizeSatAe~ usakA vizeSaNa ho jAtI haiN| udAharaNa ke liye yadi AtmA ke astitva guNa ko vizeSya banAyA jAe to vastutva, dravyatva, jJAna, darzana, vIrya Adi samasta vizeSatAe~ usakA vizeSaNa ho jAtI haiM / aisA isaliye hotA hai ki eka dravya kA koI bhI gaNa pUrNatayA sAmAnya rUpa, nirgaNa aura ekarUpa nahIM hotA balki vaha apane Azraya ke viziSTa svarUpa ke anusAra viziSTa svarUpa liye hue hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye astitva guNa jar3a-cetana Adi samasta dravyoM ko samAna rUpa se satsvarUpatA pradAna na karake unake viziSTa svarUpa ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM astitvamayatA pradAna karatA hai / AtmA kA astitva guNa use cetana dravyarUpa meM hI satsvarUpatA pradAna kara rahA hai| vaha use pariNAmI nitya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka jJAna-darzana-sukha-vIryamaya svarUpa meM astitvamAna banA rahA hai| yadi inameM se eka
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________________ 106 jainavidyA - 20-21 bhI guNa kA abhAva ho to AtmA kA sadbhAva bhI nahIM rhegaa| jaise - yadi AtmA meM vIrya guNa nahIM ho to usameM sakriyatA aura isaliye jAnane-dekhane hetu prayatnapUrvaka vyApArarUpa upayogAtmakatA kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| aisI sthiti meM jaba jJAna-darzana hI nahIM raheMge to pariNAmI nityatArUpa dravyatva, sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatArUpa vastutva kisakA hogA? isa prakAra AtmA kA astitva guNa anya dravyoM se bhinna eka viziSTa prakAra kA astitva hai| usake astitva guNa kA viziSTa svarUpa sampUrNa AtmA arthAt AtmA ke samasta guNa haiM / isI prakAra dravyatva, vastutva, prameyatva, jJAna, darzana, vIrya Adi samasta guNoM kA viziSTa svarUpa unakA AzrayabhUta sampUrNa dravya hai / eka dravya ke samasta guNoM ke paraspara eka-dUsare kA svarUpa hote hue eka dravyarUpatA ko prApta hone tathA sampUrNa dravya ke ekAnekAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka svarUpamaya hone ke kAraNa eka dravya ke pratyeka guNa kA vizeSaNa usa dravya ke anya samasta guNa hote haiM / isaliye eka dravya ke kucha guNoM kA jJAna usa dravya kA hI nahIM usake jJAta guNoM kA bhI AMzika jJAna hai| jaba dravya kA koI navIna guNa jJAta hotA hai to vaha dravya ke jJAna meM hI vRddhi nahIM karatA balki dravya ke pUrva jJAta guNoM kA bhI vizeSaNa hotA huA, unake jJAna ko adhika aura pariSkRta karatA huA, bhedAbhedAtmaka rUpa se jJAta hotA hai| pratyakSa dvArA eka samaya meM eka vastu ke jitane bhI guNa jJAta hote haiM ve paraspara dharmadhAtmaka svarUpa meM hI jJAta hote haiM, lekina bhASA ke prayogapUrvaka honevAle jJAna meM guNa ko guNI se pRthak karake jAnA jAtA hai jo syAdvAdanaya saMskRta rUpa se vastu ko grahaNa karane para hI yathArtha ho sakatA hai| akalaMkadeva kahate haiM zrutajJAna ke syAdvAda aura nayarUpa do upayoga haiM, syAdvAda sakalAdezI aura isaliye pramANa jJAna hai tathA naya vikalAdezI yA vastu kA AMzika jJAna hai| pramANa dvArA prakAzita vastu ke ekAMza ko jAnanevAlA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| syAdvAda pramANAtmaka hotA hai tathA syAdvAda se prabhivyakta arthAt vizeSita vastu ke vizeSa aMza kA vyaMjaka yA prarUpaka jJAna naya kahalAtA hai|" pratyeka naya-vAkya ke pUrva vastu ke anekAtmaka svarUpa ke dyotaka 'syAt' zabda kA honA Avazyaka hai| isa pada ke dvArA sAmAnya rUpa se vastu ke dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa ke grahaNapUrvaka usake eka aMza ko vizeSarUpa se jAnanevAlA nayAtmaka jJAna hI yathArtha ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra zrutajJAna dvArA bhI padArtha syAdvAdanaya saMskRta rUpa se grahaNa kiye jAne para dharmadhAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa meM jJAta hotA hai| "jo bhI jJeya hai vaha anantadharmAtmaka hai" isa vyApti meM vyabhicAra doSa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue anta meM AcArya vidyAnandi kahate haiM ki jIvAdi dharmI se alaga kiyA gayA prameyatva dharma naya-jJAna kA viSaya hai tathA naya-jJAna ke pramANAMza hone ke kAraNa isa jJAna ke viSaya ke rUpa meM vaha svayaM prameya yA aprameya na hokara prameyAMza hai| ataH naya-jJAna ke viSaya ke rUpa meM vaha svayaM kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko siddha na karake jIvAdi dharmI kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko hI siddha karatA hai| lekina yahI hetu svayaM pramANa jJAna ke viSaya ke rUpa meM jIvAdi dharmI kI hI nahIM svayaM kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko bhI siddha karatA hai|"
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________________ jaina vidyA 1 20-21 107 bauddha kahate haiM ki eka niraMza sattA meM satva, dravyatva Adi aneka dharmarUpa bheda vAstavika na hokara mAtra zAbdika aura buddhijanita hone ke kAraNa anAdi vAsanAjanita mAnasika kalpanAmAtra hai| vastutaH padArtha pUrNatayA ekasvabhAvI hI hotA hai tathA vaha pratyakSa dvArA sampUrNata: hI jJAta hotA hai|2deg usa sampUrNata: jAna liye gaye padArtha meM kisI prakAra bhrama utpanna ho jAne para usake nivAraNa ke lie anumAna kI pravRtti hotI hai jisameM padArtha ke prati dharma-dharmIrUpa bheda kA Aropa karake usakA aneka rUpoM meM nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai / 21 pratyakSa dvArA padArtha kI nIlarUpatA kA nizcaya ho jAne para bhI usakI anityatA ke prati bhrama utpanna ho jAtA hai jisake nirAkaraNa ke lie nIla ke astitva dharma ko svabhAva hetu banAkara usakI anityatA ko aura anityatA ko svabhAva hetu banAkara usakI kRtakatA ko siddha kiyA jAtA hai| lekina vibhinna jJAnoM ke dvArA padArtha ke satva, anityatva, kRtakatA Adi kI siddhi kA uddezya padArtha kI vastubhUta anekasvabhAvatA ko siddha na karake use mAtra asat, nitya, kRtaka Adi vijAtIya padArthoM se pRthak kara usake prati ajJAna kI nivRtti karanA hai / 22 isa dharma - dharmI bhAva se yukta savikalpaka jJAna meM padArtha ke yathArtha ekasvabhAvI svarUpa ko jAnane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai / usakA jJAna to indriyArtha sanniSkarSa ke prathama kSaNa aura yogi pratyakSa kI avasthA meM honevAle nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA hI hotA hai| bauddhoM ke samAna hI advaita vedAntI bhI kahate haiM ki sattA pUrNatayA akhaNDa aura ekasvabhAvI hI hotI hai tathA usake isa yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna samAdhi kI avasthA meM honevAle nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA hotA hai| savikalpaka jJAna usa akhaNDa sattA meM dharma- dharmI bheda kA Aropa karake use aneka rUpoM meM jAnatA hai tathA usameM ina bhedoM se pare sattA ke bhUkhaNDa svarUpa ko grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai, isaliye yaha jJAna mithyA hai| isakA mahatva sirpha itanA hai ki isameM sattA ke svarUpa- bodha kI sAmarthya kA abhAva hone para bhI usake prati asvarUpa kI nivRtti kI sAmarthya hai / savikalpaka jJAna neti neti arthAt vastu yaha nahIM hai, yaha nahIM hai rUpa se vastu ke prati ajJAna ko samApta kara detA hai| isake pazcAt hI sattA ke advaita svarUpa kI sAkSAtkArAtmaka nirvikalpaka jJAnarUpa samAdhi kI avasthA kI prApti sambhava hai| isa prakAra bauddha aura advaita vedAnta donoM ke anusAra vastu ke anekAntAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdaka savikalpaka jJAna vastu ke prati ajJAna nivRttirUpa niSedhAtmaka kArya hI karatA hai tathA vastu ke niraMza aura ekasvabhAvI svarUpa kA jJAna to samAdhi kI avasthA meM honevAle nirvikalpaka jJAna dvArA hI saMbhava hai| jaina dArzanika bauddha aura advaita vedAnta ke isa mata se sahamata haiM ki sattA sampUrNata: ekasvabhAvI hI hotI hai tathA usameM aneka dharmarUpa bheda bhASAjanita haiM / AtmA sampUrNataH ekasvabhAvI sattA jJAnasvabhAvI sattA hai tathA vaha jJAna ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| dhyAna kA viSaya svayaM kA aisA zuddha jJAyaka svarUpa hI hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda jIva ke sarvabhedarahita zuddha jJAyaka bhAva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahate haiM, "jo yaha jJAyaka bhAva hai vaha na to pramatta hai aura na apramatta balki yaha zuddha jJAyaka svarUpa hI hai; vyavahAranaya se hI jJAnI ke cAritra hai, jJAna hai; lekina nizcayanaya se jJAnI na to cAritra hai, na darzana hai, na jJAna hai; balki vaha zuddha jJA
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________________ 108 jainavidyA - 20-21 bhAvarUpa hai| 123 ye pada yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki caitanyatatva pUrNatayA ekasvabhAvI tatva - jJAnasvabhAvI tatva hai; lekina yaha jJAnasvabhAvI tatva zuddha nirvizeSa jJAnasvarUpa na hokara viziSTa prakAra kI sattA hai tathA usake viziSTa svarUpa ke niyAmaka usake aneka dharma haiM jo jJAna aura bhASA meM pRthak kiye jAne yogya hone para bhI tattvataH apRthak haiM / isaliye amRtacandrAcArya ke anusAra "isa sAdhaka bhAva kA anubhava karane vAle pratyagAtmA anantadharmAtmaka tatva ko hI dekhate haiN| 24 anyatra ve kahate haiM nizcayanaya se anantadharmAtmaka eka dharmI ko jisane nahIM jAnA aise ziSyoM ke lie bhASA dvArA dharma ko dharmI se pRthak karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki yadyapi dharma aura dharmI kA svabhAva se abheda hai to bhI nAma se bheda hone ke kAraNa vyavahAramAtra se jJAnI ke darzana hai, jJAna hai, cAritra hai| parantu paramArtha se dekhA jAya to eka dravya dvArA pIye gaye anantaparyAyarUpoM ke kiMcita mile hue abheda svabhAva vastu ko anubhava karanevAlI paNDita puruSoM kI dRSTi meM darzana bhI nahIM, jJAna bhI nahIM, cAritra bhI nahIM, zuddha eka jJAyaka bhAva hI hai|'5""vstutH darzana, jJAna aura cAritra tIna alaga tatva na hokara eka jJAna hI haiM / jIvAdi padArthoM ke yathArtha zraddhAna (anubhUti, pratIti) rUpa se jJAna kA pariNamana samyagdarzana hai| jIvAdi padArthoM ke jJAna (nizcaya) svabhAva se jJAna kA honA jJAna hai tathA rAgAdirahita svabhAva se jJAna kA honA samyakcAritra hai| 126 __eka jJAnamaya tatva kA astitva usake astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi aneka svabhAvamaya hone para hI sambhava hai| ye sabhI svabhAva jJAna ke vizeSaNa hone tathA paraspara saMjJA, lakSaNa, prayojana se bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI tAdAtmya sambandha se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa eka jJAna hI hai| (jisa prakAra yaha sattA pUrNatayA ekasvabhAvI-jJAnasvabhAvI hai| usI prakAra yaha pUrNatayA ekasvabhAvI darzanasvabhAvI yA vIryasvabhAvI Adi bhI hai| ina aneka svabhAvoM kI eka jJAnarUpatA hone para bhI inakI svabhAvagata anekatA vAstavika hai tathA inameM se kisI bhI guNa ke sadbhAva-abhAva meM isa sattA kA sampUrNa svarUpa badala jAtA hai| jJAna ke vIryAtmaka hone para vaha pariNAmI-nitya, sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka, kartA, upayogamaya, saviSayaka cetanArUpa AtmA hogaa| lekina yadi use vIrya rahita svIkAra kiyA jAe to vaha niSkriya hone ke kAraNa kaTastha-nitya. sadaiva ekarUpa. akartA. sAkSI-bhAvamaya nirviSayaka cetanA hogaa| aisA tatva sArvabhaumika hone para advaita vedAnta dvArA mAnya brahma aura vaiyaktika hone para sAMkhya darzana dvArA svIkRta puruSa hogaa| jJAnamaya tatva ke ina aneka svabhAvamaya viziSTa svarUpa ko bauddhika kalpanAjanita zabdamAtra nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki inheM vAstavika svIkAra karake hI vibhinna dArzanika anya dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta sattA ke svarUpa kA niSedha aura svayaM dvArA mAnya svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiN| sAtha hI isake vizeSa prakAra ke svarUpa kI svIkati cetanA ke vartamAna svarUpa aura unake carama lakSya ko bhI prabhAvita karatI hai| eka upayogAtmaka cetanA kA ArAdhaka jJAnArjana ke prati sadaiva utsAhI hotA hai jabaki sAkSIbhAva rUpa cetanA kA ArAdhaka usake prati udAsIna ho jAtA hai| prathama kA Adarza sarvajJatA tathA dvitIya kA carama lakSya nirviSayaka cetanA hotI hai / isa prakAra eka sattA zuddha sattA mAtra na hokara viziSTa prakAra kI sattA hai tathA usake vaiziSTya ke niyAmaka sattApekSayA paraspara apRthak aneka vAstavika svabhAva haiN|
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________________ jainavidyA - 20-21 109 akalaMkadeva jJeya padArtha ke ekAnekAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa jJAna ke dharmadhAtmaka savikalpaka svarUpa ko pratipAdita karate hue kahate haiM ki jJAna kA AkAra sadaiva "vastu kA yahI svarUpa hai, anya nahIM", rUpa savikalpaka jJAnarUpa hI hotA hai| yadi aisA na mAnakara sattA ko pUrNatayA ekasvabhAvI aura niraMza hI svIkAra kiyA jAe tathA yaha kahA jAe ki samAdhi kI avasthA nirvikalpaka jJAnasvarUpa hai, isa avasthA meM zuddha nirvizeSa svasaMvedana rUpa sattA jJAta hotI hai aura yadi yahI jJAna yathArtha hai to isa avasthA ko prApta kara cuke buddha, zaMkara Adi sabhI dArzanika tatvadarzI hone cAhiye aura unake madhya vidyamAna sabhI vivAda samApta ho jAne caahiye| sAtha hI kisI bhI prakAra kI vizeSatAoM se rahita svasaMvedanAtmaka sattA ke vacanAtIta hone ke kAraNa unheM mauna dhAraNa kara lenA caahie| lekina isake viparIta yaha donoM hI sattA ke viziSTa svarUpa ko svIkAra karate hue eka-dUsare ke mata kA khaNDana karate haiM / buddha isa svasaMvedanAtmaka sattA ke nityatva, sarvavyApakatva Adi ke khaNDanapUrvaka usake vaiyaktika, kSaNika aura viziSTa svarUpa kA tathA zaMkara usakI anityatA Adi ke khaNDanapUrvaka usakI nityatA Adi vizeSatAoM se paripUrNa svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiM / unakA yaha kArya yaha siddha karatA hai ki unakI samAdhi kI avasthA zuddha nirvizeSa pUrNatayA ekasvabhAvI svasaMvedana rUpa nahIM hai, balki isa avasthA meM viziSTa svarUpa-sampanna svasaMvedana kA bodha huA hai jo samAdhi kI avasthA ko dharmadhAtmaka savikalpaka jJAnarUpa siddha karatA hai| vAdirAja munirAja kahate haiM ki vastutaH AtmasvarUpa kI bhAvanArUpa savikalpaka jJAna ke carama prakarSarUpa samAdhi kI avasthA savikalpaka jJAna hI hotI hai, nirvikalpaka nahIM ho sktii| eka mumukSu vyakti zravaNa, manana aura nidhidhyAsana kI prakriyA dvArA samAdhi kI avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| guru ke vacanoM dvArA AtmasvarUpa kI jAnakArI prApta kara vyakti usakA nirantara manana karatA hai| bAra-bAra ke mananapUrvaka vyakti kI tadanurUpa anubhUti nirantara adhika gahana hotI jAtI hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa anta meM isake carama prakarSarUpa samAdhi kI avasthA prApta hotI hai| eka bauddha nirantara apane kSaNika, vaiyaktika, pUrNatayA viziSTa, vijJAnamaya ekAnekAtmaka bhedAbhedAtmaka svarUpa kA manana karatA hai| isa svarUpa kI bAra-bAra bhAvanA se usakI svayaM ke anya sabase pUrNatayA pRthak pratikSaNa parivartanazIla caitanyasvarUpa kI anubhUti nirantara adhika gaharI hotI jAtI hai aura anta meM isa svarUpa kI zabdarahita tathA gahana anubhUtirUpa samAdhi kI avasthA prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra eka vedAntI gurupadezapUrvaka svayaM ke brahmasvarUpa ko jAnakara nirantara yaha manana karatA hai ki "maiM brahma huuN"| isake phalasvarUpa use svayaM ke sArvabhaumika, kUTasthanitya, sAkSIrUpa saccidAnanda svarUpa kI kramazaH adhika gahana anubhUti hote hue anta meM isa anubhUti ke carama prakarSarUpa samAdhi kI avasthA prApta hotI hai / isa prakAra samAdhi kI avasthA zuddha nirvizeSa svasaMvedana mAtra na hokara viziSTa prakAra kI svAnubhUti hai jo isa avasthA meM jJAta ho rahe tatva ko ekAnekAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka svarUpa ko siddha karatI hai| zravaNa, manana, nidhidhyAsana kI prakriyApUrvaka samAdhi kI avasthA kI prApti na kevala eka sattA ke aneka guNAtmaka svarUpa ko balki usake aneka kramabhAvI vizeSa paryAyoM meM vyApta eka astitva ko bhI siddha karatI hai|
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________________ 110 jainavidyA - 20-21 jisa prakAra hameM aneka guNoM ke jJAnapUrvaka eka dravya kA aura dravya ke jJAnapUrvaka usake eka guNa ke viziSTa svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra hama aneka avayavoM ke jJAnapUrvaka eka avayavI ko jAnate haiM tathA jaise-jaise avayavI kI samajha meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai vaise-vaise usake avayavoM kI samajha bhI adhika vikasita aura pariSkRta hotI jAtI hai| jo eka sthUla vastu ke avayava-avayavyAtmaka svarUpa ko siddha karatI hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki aneka avayava hI vAstavika aura svataMtra sattAe~ haiN| una aneka avayavoM kA eka avayavIrUpa meM honevAlA jJAna anAdi vAsanAjanita mAnasika kalpanAmAtra hone ke kAraNa mithyA hai| jisa prakAra dUra se dekhane para virala kezoM meM ghanAkAratA kA bhrAmaka pratibhAsa hotA hai usI prakAra hama paraspara svataMtra aneka paramANuoM meM nikaTatA aura sAdRzya ke kAraNa ekatva kA Aropa karake unheM eka avayavI ghaTa, vastra Adi rUpa meM pahacAnate haiM / vastuta: ghaTa, vastra Adi sthUla padArtha vAstavika padArtha na hokara aneka paramANuoM ke samUha para Aropita eka nAmamAtra hai aura isaliye inheM jAnanevAlA jJAna mithyA hai / vAdirAja munirAja bauddhoM ke isa mata kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddha sthUla vastu ke khaNDana ke lie prastuta kiye gaye anumAna meM virala kezoM meM bhrAmaka ghanAkAratA kA dRSTAnta dete haiM / kezoM meM ghanAkAratA kA jJAna tabhI bhrAmaka ho sakatA hai jabaki unakI viralatA kA jJAna yathArtha ho tathA unakI viralatA kA jJAna tabhI yathArtha ho sakatA hai jabaki viralatA ke adhiSThAna kezoM kA jJAna yathArtha ho jo svayaM sthUla vasturUpa hai| yadi keza-jJAna yathArtha hai to sthUla vastu kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi vaha mithyA hai to usake dvArA kucha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nizcita rUpa se eka avayavI apane avayavoM ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| lekina vaha apane avayavoM kA samUhamAtra na hokara unameM vyApta eka akhaNDa sattA hai| saMyoga-sambandha se sambandhita aneka avayava paraspara eka-dUsare se sambandhita aura prabhAvita hokara eka avayavIrUpatA ko prApta karate haiM / isa avasthA meM ve eka aise viziSTa svarUpa ko prApta karate haiM jisakA unameM anyathA abhAva hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie vibhinna tantuoM meM or3hane-bichAnerUpa kArya ko karane kI sAmarthya kA abhAva hotA hai lekina ve hI tantu jaba paraspara AtAna-vitAnarUpa se saMyukta hokara eka vastrarUpa viziSTa svarUpa ko prApta karate haiM to unameM yaha navIna sAmarthya utpanna ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra vastra ke aneka tantuoM ke samUha para Aropita sattA eka nAmamAtra na hokara vAstavika sattA hone ke kAraNa viziSTarUpa se saMyukta aneka tantuoM ke jJAnapUrvaka honevAlA eka vastra kA jJAna yathArtha jJAna hai|30 ___ eka jJeya padArtha ke avayava-avayavyAtmaka svarUpa ko spaSTataH samajhane ke lie hama zarIra ke dRSTAnta para vicAra kreN| hAtha, paira, sira, hRdaya Adi aneka aMga eka vizeSa prakAra se saMyukta hokara eka jaTila saMghaTana zarIrarUpatA ko prApta karate haiM / isa saMghaTana ke sabhI aMgoM kA apanAapanA nizcita aura viziSTa svarUpa hotA hai, apanI-apanI zaktiyA~ aura upayogitAe~ hotI haiM, lekina ye apane isa viziSTa svarUpa ko zarIra ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM hI arthAt zarIra ke anya aMgoM se sambandhita aura prabhAvita hokara hI prApta karate haiM tathA zarIra se alaga ho jAne para inakA isa viziSTa svarUpa meM astitva samApta ho jAtA hai / udAharaNa ke lie hAtha kA apanA eka nizcita AkAra hotA hai / vaha vastuoM ko uThAne, rakhane Adi kAryoM ko karane kI kSamatA se yukta hotA
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________________ - jainavidyA 20-21 hai, usameM sajIvatA, rakta kA saMcAra Adi vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM lekina hAtha apane isa viziSTa svarUpa meM astitva zarIra ke aMga ke rUpa meM hI rakhatA hai / zarIra se pRthak ho jAne para usakA isa viziSTa svarUpa se astitva samApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hAtha, paira Adi vibhinna aMgoM ke zarIra ke eka aMga rUpa meM hI eka viziSTa svarUpa meM avasthita hone ke kAraNa ina aMgoM jJAnapUrvaka zarIra hI AMzika rUpa se jJAta hotA hai tathA zarIra ke samasta aMgoM ke jJAta hone para zarIra hI sampUrNata: jJAta kahalAtA hai / 111 kyoMki eka avayava apane viziSTa svarUpa ko avayavI ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM hI arthAt sampUrNa avayavoM se sambandhita aura prabhAvita hokara hI prApta karatA hai isaliye na kevala avayavoM jJAna meM vRddhi ke sAtha hI sAtha avayavI ke jJAna meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai balki avayavI ke jJAna meM ho rahA vikAsa usake vibhinna avayavoM ke jJAna ko bhI adhika pariSkRta aura samRddha karatA hai / avayavI ke prati aba taka arjita jAnakArI aneka nayI jijJAsAoM ko janma detI hai jisake samAdhAna hetu kiye gaye prayatnapUrvaka arjita navIna vizeSatAoM kA jJAna sampUrNa avayavI jJAna ko adhika spaSTatA pradAna karatA hai| jaise zarIra ke hAtha, paira Adi vibhinna avayavoM kA nirmANa eka nizcita vyavasthA ke anusAra hI kyoM hotA hai, vibhinna vyaktiyoM kA raMga, svabhAva Adi meM antara kyoM pAyA jAtA hai, duniyA meM koI bhI do vyakti pUrNatayA samAna kyoM nahIM hote, Adi praznoM ke samAdhAnArtha khoje gaye zarIra ke avayava jInsa na kevala zarIra ke sambandha meM hamArI jAnakArI meM vRddhi karate haiM balki ye zarIra aura usake avayavoM ke sambandha meM hamAre pUrvAjita jJAna ko adhika spaSTatA aura vaiziSTya bhI pradAna karate haiM / yaha jJeya padArtha ke avayava - avayavyAtmaka svarUpa ko siddha karatA hai / - indriya pratyakSa dvArA eka sthUla vastu avayava avayavyAtmaka svarUpa meM hI jJAta hotI hai lekina jaba hama use bhASA ke mAdhyama se samajhanA cAhate haiM to yaha avayava aura avayavI ko paraspara alaga karake eka-eka vAkya meM avayavI ke va eka-eka avayava ke pRthak-pRthak aura kramika varNanapUrvaka hI sambhava ho pAtA hai| bhASA meM yaha svarUpa hamameM aneka bAra yaha bhrama paidA kara detA hai ki eka avayavI aneka avayavoM kA samUha mAtra hai athavA yaha ki avayava Adi dharma svatantra tathA paraspara nirapekSa sattAe~ haiM tathA avayavI Adi dharmI unase bhinna sattA hai| isaliye jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra bhASA dvArA vastu ko nirbhrAnta tathA yathAvasthita svarUpa meM jAnane ke liye varNita viSaya ko syAdvAdanaya saMskRta rUpa meM grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai / 31 Aja bhautika padArthoM ke kSetra meM bahuta tejI se vikAsa ho rahA hai| eka vastu ke prati aba taka arjita jAnakArI usa vastu kA apUrNa jJAna hone ke kAraNa usake prati aneka navIna jijJAsAe~ utpanna kara detI hai, jinake samAdhAna hetu kiye gaye anveSaNoM se vastu kI aneka navIna vizeSatAe~ jJAta hotI haiN| jaise-jaise mAnavIya jJAna meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai mAnava kI jijJAsAe~ bhI bar3hatI jAtI haiM jo jJeya padArtha ke dravya - paryAyAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka svarUpa ko siddha karatI haiN|
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________________ 112 jainavidyA - 20-21 1. pratyakSalakSaNa prAhaM spaSTa sAkAraM anyjsaa| dravya paryAya sAmAnya vizeSAtmArtha vedanam // nyAyavinizcaya, bhAga 1, pRSTha 3 2. tatvArthavArtika bhAga-2, pRSTha - 235 3. vahI, bhAga-1, pRSTha - 256 4. siddhivinizcaya TIkA, pRSTha - 375 5. "jaina aura nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM dravya guNa sambandha", mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, varSa 1998, pra. rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura 6. nyAyavinizcaya bhAga-1, pRSTha -3 7. tattvArthavArtika bhAga-1, pRSTha - 182 8. nyAyavinizcaya, bhAga-1, pRSTha - 5 9. vahI, 11/9 10. sat dravyalakSaNaM, tatvArthasUtra, 5/29 11. tatvArthasUtra, 5/30 12. dharmA tAvat anantadharmA jIvAdiH, prameyatvAnyathAnupavatte / aSTasahasrI, pRSTha - 152 13. anAdyanantatvAt dharmadharmisvabhAva bhedavyavahArasya kalamaba bhvysNsaarndvaa| aSTasahasrI, pRSTha - 152 14. laghIyastraya, 62 15. tatvArthavArtika adhyAya 1, sUtra 31 16. siddhivinizcaya, 10/3 17. AptamImAMsA, 106 18. "vAkyeSvanekAntadyotI", vahI, 103 19. aSTasahasrI pRSTha - 152 20. pramANavArtika, 3/43, pUrvArddha 21. vahI, manorathanandi vRtti, 3/45 22. vahI, manorathanandi vRtti, 3/41 23. samayasAra, gAthA - 6 evaM 7 24. anastadharmaNastatva pazyanti prtygaatmnH| samayasAra kalaza 2, pUrvArddha 25. samayasAra, gAthA-7 para amRtacandrAcArya kRta TIkA 26. vahI, gAthA-155 para amRtacandrAcArya kRta TIkA 27. nyAyavinizcaya bhAga - 1, pRSTha 62-63 28. vahI, bhAga-1, pRSTha - 20 29. vahI, bhAga-1, pRSTha - 165, 166 30. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-1, pRSTha - 227 31. vistRta vivecana ke liye dekheM - 'jaina darzana meM pramANanaya vyavasthA', vAtsalya ratnAkara, bhAga-2 athavA 'zrutajJAna kI syAdvAdanaya saMskRtatA', mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, varSa - 1989, pra. rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura bilTIvAlA bhavana, ajabaghara kA rAstA kizanapola bAjAra, jayapura - 302003
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